>[i;.M()ii;s 
 
 T U A \ i: L s 
 
 sii; .loiix i;i:i!i;si',Y', BAirr. 
 
 I 1 1 : M r I ; 1 1 \ I V I N I V 
 
 Will DOT i:s, AM) SJvlii'lT JIISTOin' 
 
 cni i; I s ()|- <ll MM.KS II. \\1) ,1 \.Mi;s 11. 
 
 \ \\\\\ (M I ill. < m)\ !:i;nmi:n i> AM) >()(i!: IN' 
 
 'i;i\(ii'M, sT\Ti:s WD coiKTs ()|- !:i'iU)iM: 
 
 ; ' \i I <>] ( ll'iM U i I !, ^ I -I i; I' \ I |, i\_ 
 
 I. () N I) ( \ 
 
 i;i\ \\\) r^i; >:.\<\\ \i;;t .ii;i-r'i::ri, i'\i i. m \i.i 
 
 i\\ 1 : , \ I vs 111 I-. 11" IM. , i I
 
 PRKFAC :. 
 
 \\ FTH tlic ]ir()ij;n'><!V(' (liiiumition of ri'L;ai 
 
 i)0\vcr, iroin iht.- rxtiiicliuii ol tlir lloiix' ot'l'udor 
 
 It) lilt- prevent (la\ , llic iiUrroL ot' llisturv Ikis 
 
 >iillfi(] aU) n urailiial (lecline. .l\)r tlic oraiul 
 
 and hold niea-iirf> ol nidctiniti'ly liiiiiU'd ]\lo- 
 
 iiarcbv, \\\{\\ which the- hi-^tonaii was wont lo a^Lo- 
 
 hinIi and da/zlc hi.>. readers, ha\e bci'ii sid)stiUited 
 
 a 'Jioii^and tunn^ ot mtn^iit; and corniplion, 
 
 ^\hl( ii. could he de\ elope ihein h"uni \.\io secrecy 
 
 tt \ Inch shroud- ihcni. would he lolallv ^^eless to 
 
 ^ unn . w hile (jeclaralion^ ot wai", treaties <>t' j)eace, 
 
 unmercial reL;ulatH)n>. gazette.--, and parhanien- 
 
 ^ tr. v" dfclanialion-, unhappiK' i-enunn to tnrp.i>h 
 
 ,un With nie\haustd)!e thcnie> toi' the dullest di-- 
 
 (|U!-ition. I'or the con-olaliou howexcr ol hini. 
 
 ca 
 
 ^ and o! hi-^ riader^. ono leoitimalc and nio^l iiile- 
 
 "esiini' sOiiic, (i) lu-torical uilclliLicnce \<'t occa- 
 
 >!on.i!!\- open- j'l- -tores to hun, ni the ineni')n'- ot 
 
 diose who iia\e been actoi's on tlie L;i'''iil s',jie ot 
 
 ';n ^^ho, hold m the M'ctii-itv' ut' lluij own c!
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 todj, or in the certainty of being removed by the 
 hand of nature far from the anger of friends, or 
 the maUce of enemiesj before their narratives can 
 reach either, record without reserve all that they 
 have seen, and heard, and felt, in the progress of 
 their performance. 
 
 Among the many excellent documents of this 
 nature already extant, the Memoirs of Sir John 
 Reresby have been long distinguished, and highly 
 valued, by the few who study English History with 
 just historical taste and judgment. To that nu- 
 merous class, however, of readers who prefer 
 amusement to information* c.r rnntnnt themselves 
 with possessing their memories of facts, without 
 exercising their minds in reflection, they are al- 
 most wholly unknown; and il: is strange that tliis 
 should be the case, ibr tliey arc not less enter- 
 taining than instructive, and discourse of the 
 crravest matters witli the ease and liphtness oi table 
 conversation. They were first |)rinted in '1734, in 
 a small volume, v/hicli has of late years become 
 very scarce, and the Editor ol' the present work, 
 who had long wished to re-publish them, deter- 
 mined to taKe that step on receiving from the
 
 im; 1. 1 A( 1 \ 
 
 ]il)ti;il hand ot" Cliri>toj)li' r I lodges, []^{^. ol 
 r>ra?ii(it an, iii Ilaiits, a pn >cfU ot llit- 'I'l'avr!-- of" 
 .Sir .Joliii K^n'>!)v, 111 a tair iiianii^cripl ot lli 
 tmiL' (jt the -Viuhor, and \ci \' j)rul)af)i\' written 1)\ 
 Ins own hand, winch Mr. llodi;c> {uircha^rd onl 
 ot tile liihrar\' otMr. 'i'ophani iM/anflnk. The 
 l^(htor, ha\iiii;- now prrlixcd ihu-^tj Trax cU to the 
 MtMnoir'>, oth'is lo the pnhhc a \',)iinnt' vdiu'h ina\ 
 not nnprc^pcrlv he c-alled ih.; Works c-t Sirjijini 
 jicri'shv. as it inchidcs all that lie is known 
 to ha\o wnitm: aiul has illn'-liaUd the whole 
 with a ureat numoer oi portrait--, and (jlheT en- 
 'jTavniL;^. whieii. wlult lh(\' will consid* i\il)i\ 
 enhance llie \;j'ic *'! Ill'' N^oi'k i,i ihe < stinialion 
 ot' til"' collector ot [innl.-. caniutt. at '.dl e\('!;t<, 
 render ii k s^ accenudile I lanv cla<s i i JUider- 
 
 The 'I'raN el-' w ill he cccfi to ccntain. ma lonr- 
 :ial otthe iiK^'^t n-uaJ I'nix ;iean tcuir, much mlor- 
 mation a-- to tacts, and many i.i)^er\\(tion< and 
 rrtk'Ctions, pcrtectK' orvj,;nai. a'le! delivered m ;,: 
 .^t\le, the ea^'V cal('les^ne>^.s o! which never tc)r a 
 moment dis^msrs the t;uod scn-t . the educati<>n. 
 the actiMly and accnrac. of eiapniN, or the po- 
 I'tenc.'S oi" the Antho!': perhap- a^ an . \am[)le o*
 
 Ti luii. I'ACi;. 
 
 iiW these to2;ellicr, \vc may tairlv select IVom a 
 iireat variety o[" strikiii:.;: pabbaire.-^ an iidinirahle 
 character of the rrcncli people, al j^age 44, jj^iven 
 ill twelve linos by tijis young man, tor lie set out 
 on his tour in the nineteenth v ear of his age, and 
 returned before he .had reached the twenty-third. 
 
 The ]\Iemoirs, in which we discover the same 
 dispositions and qualifications, matured by \ears 
 and experience, are peculiarly recomn.ended by 
 an air of smccriiy, and by an apj;arent lidelity ot 
 rfjlation, very riirely to be nict v.ilh in j)olitical 
 ^,vritings, and exhibit a multiplicity of mnuite iiis- 
 tcrical facts whicli are no ^.here else to be found. 
 .Rcrei.>by moved I'ather in the character of a cour- 
 tier than of a statesman, and seems to liave oaiiied 
 llie inLeliiL:;ence which he has so usefully and 
 agreeably communicated to us, by frequent ghmces 
 behind that curtain which was luner intended to 
 Le withdrawn to him; but his acuteness of obser- 
 vation amply supplied the deficiency. There 
 is something m the air of these Memoirs that con- 
 tinued! v rennnds us of Loril i\Ielcombe's Diarv, 
 ])ut lleresby was an honest man. I lis political 
 piorals, if we mav \ enturc to coin a phrase w hich.,
 
 I'l: r. r \c r. 
 
 \ 11 
 
 Ml ():ir (law wvAV ^tciii to ini{)l\' tiliiVi^l a rontra- 
 (MctMii 111 1> nil-, ajipcar to lia\c hiv ii a- [)Mr a'- 
 lii-> ta!fi,i> \',crc ii\' |\ . In liic-;' .Mrni>*!r-. \\hicii. 
 In- a lai'c |i; citliant v. L>'ar-< in;iii\' iiit>'ri;;;! iiiarl.- 
 u[ iKi\in'.': li>'"ii iiitiiiiicil .M;!fU i\iv til' jiruacv 
 (ii llir Ciu-^cl, \\i' do iiol iiut't w nil tii'iv,- l^-^la^^ - 
 >: .,!i';ii,nf-> aiid (iiiDlici! s . tlio-r p-'Itv' ti".;."!n'- 
 : . -. wiiit li Mil n li vl a ."'(T'-t sili-!,!;"ti jm hi ci';:- 
 tt'--iii^'. a- il \\rvi\ to t h"in^r!\ (-, !;-,;-. .. r d.'^;;-- 
 (!!> tilt'-," iiia\ h" to i;>'!iCL'al l!;":i!. wiii'-h. !)\- llir 
 ..aw till \ !u\('!' \'iinl'\- can. IrMia i';-,' 17 :. ;-'r- d 
 tii'ir [)-^liuh:a!ii- nlalUMi-. i!: fi ale, ik;\. 
 ii:- jHr-)i;:i| at ta- 'iiii'ni . l.i liic l\.o pniia' - 
 '.\ l;i >:ii Ik' -: i"\ I d. n:-,). -;' I' !i- w !a;'ii. .'W n --o ia! ; i ; 
 a-, la 'a- ti !;. v.rvr -'[\ (--[( ai'-i! iiianb,' Mii',io- 
 ii'ii>. 11' . f : ',- ' ,k lina ; !<';;'". m -ar -. ii" lia^ 
 t': I", ivita'!..:; '; a ) .!r\ wi.a r, wiu'a i!'' \\a- a: 
 l!-,'. ,.- 1'. " .' ! '.'aMKi'- nr.r.;'. ;; H'la-r '-i-~l iiiLi 
 \\ 1i:l.; : n 'M.ii'.a-n. r dv iio na a:;-' r!"i a^i^!; a.: \. ii :i 
 dill' tra ! :aic.;.'' < 'a \'diiL:i;i-aa. i:o\',;\i;- rai'i it 
 ina\' ' ' !!i ia ' y . aula.'. i ! ;- a.'a clioa 1 > ' 
 (Lad-- ; ' - . aad !: - >r< >*.\i< \ . mil ar ^ 
 
 i''d t( 1 a ' . I . ;'a . \ . ' . ' !.'.-i: i ". . 
 
 d.',,;- d , a' ;,-, -..' aaa'>-f 
 
 I , 
 
 a. 1 a 
 
 a I a.alara
 
 viii pheface. 
 
 to afford us, which he often does unhitentionally, 
 clearer grounds of a just judgment of the cha- 
 racter of the former monarch than we before 
 possessed : the most favoural)le instance, how- 
 ever, which we can draw from those traits is, that 
 Charles's faults, not only as a man, but as a kmg, 
 were the consequences of an unfeeling, selfish, 
 and indolent temper, arid never of deliberate 
 wickedness. The unhappy James had no cha- 
 racter. 
 
 It may not be nnproper to add to the manv 
 circumstances of his life which he hnuself has 
 recited in liis Travels and Memoirs, such further 
 particulars as we have been able to obtain of Sir 
 John Iveresby, and his family. 
 
 He was born in 163j, the eldest son of Sit 
 Gcinge Keresby, of Thribergh, m the W esl 
 Hiding (f Yorl^ (who had been created a baronet 
 by King Charles tlie Vwsi) by Trances, daughter of 
 Kdmimd Varborongh, Esq. of l>alne Hall, near 
 Snaithe, in the same county. His family was set- 
 tled in Voikslure bf^iore the Conquest; and the 
 iordship of 'Hinber'j,h. n-iih other considerable
 
 riu: 1 Acr. 
 
 i\ 
 
 L':^{:i[o>, had (k.-iCt'iuird liiirallv lo liiin from llic 
 jcii:n of l^dward llic riiiiHl. lie ^\a^ iiitiodurt.'d 
 at the court ot C liailc-. the S( cond ll)roiiL:li llif 
 tavoiir oT llic (v^iiccii MoiIkm-. 1 'ci-.ru Ita Maiia. 
 ot" uhovf parlialitv to him when on a \i>it to 
 V[\n> a httlt' l)(.lorL' ihr K('>;!'rat lou, he ^p* ak> m 
 hn ML'nu)ir< with nuich pua^iirc. and the prr>o- 
 iial rr^ard whirh \\r imiiKHiiatrU- niaiiili'slfd to- 
 \\ar(i-> the roNal tamilv iialiii'aiK cnomdi chal- 
 ]i,'iii;('d ihat kiiuhit,.>^ and ('ncoura;i,<nuiil. which 
 \vcrc I'onliiiiH'd lo \\nn lliroii'^h htc. lli<^!>od 
 >c}!>><\ howcMT, \\i< nohh ill ^^. aiul ihf >lri(l- 
 nc^^ ot his iiitcu!"!! \ . iiu iilul higher (!i,-liiuiioii^ 
 l!ian hi- al aiiv linic i'cc(i\>'d; hul j>.rhap> hi^ 
 hi-l r< ci 'MUIK iM'ati.ni t'> ( ha.rh -'^ taxoiir. wa^ hi^ 
 ':.od< r.i' !(ii 111 Tuakiiii;' ^(-([Mc-l-^ ; a !< Ji'ht.ii aiic- 
 
 ':i'j-l p.. a'-lll.', t' tlKIl p!'IllCi_ - (!:-p(.)-lllun. 
 
 Ill I (;i ).; he laan i.'d i i ..iicc-. '(h -I ol l hi- l\ o 
 (laiiLiiilcr- i>\ W ilhain ri'o\\i!'', ul ih' cit\ ct \ >'r!s. 
 Ii\ IVaiict -, dai^uhb-r '/i Sir liciiiA I'r-.uax'-aniL I't 
 Aldwarh, 111 thai cntiiiU, ot whun. in l'.'- I"l- 
 iw.'.HiL'' \>-ar, h.' ua- ajipi .ir;l' d lii-h Sii. :iit. 
 Ml -ui'ii.," ; uhtaia. d t hr l;('^ ' ' ii:ii'''' ^ '"* -"''-i"- 
 ''^'"''iii'h. -II, d ja U',';:; 'hal ol ih* <-iiv . ! '^ l'TI . ai.
 
 X PR EI ACE. 
 
 office which had been so long held by the Lord 
 Mayor for the time, that his possession ol" it was 
 now considered in the nature of a rioht. The 
 exertion of this act of regal power, which broiioht 
 the king and the court into great (iistaste in tliat 
 city, seems not at all to liave nnpaircd Rereshy's 
 general popularity there, so highly had he endeared 
 himself to all ranks of people, i ie represented the 
 town of Aldborough in Charles the Second's long 
 parliament, and was returned for ilia city of York 
 to that which met on the accession of James, 
 whose short-lived reign he barely survived, for 
 he died, as appears by the in cription on iiis mo- 
 nument in the chancel of the parish church of 
 Thribergh, on the 12th of May, 1()89, certainly 
 very suddenly, since in tiie last pc'.ge oi' this vo- 
 lume, he mentions circumstances which, by his 
 own account, occurred alter the '!'2d of tiie pre- 
 ceding month. 
 
 We lind also from his i'pitaph, that he had 
 issue by Frances his wife, who died on the lltli 
 of May, J()9J), li\e sons and four daughters. Of 
 these, W illiam, the eldest, succeecied to hi- fi- 
 i]uy>;'< title ande>tat'\ and ruine<l hi- \v}u):e l^uniK
 
 I'l; 1. lAC I'.. Ai 
 
 Mv iiif iwnA pi\)lh:^!iic' t-'\lrav;ii;-anci,'. " ll i^ 
 II [r.\ 1>\ a '_i-a\r niiiii-t;r," sa\ s 'I'liorohv, in \\\> 
 lIi->U'r\ 1)1 l.ffds, * wlioxj MS. I have >( ii. ol 
 a ((Tiaii* r>aroii<'l lu tlii^ N\ c'^l liidmi;, Sir\\illiam 
 K. (.iT., \.lio had an cstatf of 17<H)/. per aim. 
 ind ;0(H)/, in iiionio. Icit luni l)\- his tallicr, l)iil 
 ^[)!'i!t 11 all iij)oii \vhoi\'>, lliat lu* has not one 
 i:'i;)(i;\d a \car 1th. i'lu' anlliur," cuntuiiR's 'I'liu- 
 .. -!>'., '" nia\ llir ralluT he credited, hrcaiisc he 
 .;i\r- h; lalhcr. Sir ,luhn l\., tlu' character u[ a 
 i''ar;:fd and \vi>e man, and u^t'hil |Ustice. 'I'hi^ I 
 all) ^[Wr of, that the ancient seat ot the taniiU' ha- 
 M-w l)(t ii "-onie V(;ars ni possession ol John Sa\il(', 
 (I .Mtd!(-.-, l",s(|. who l)oni;ht U anno 170.).' We 
 i .i.e nut wilh ai-o a manuscript ol" N'ork>hire la- 
 iiiiN lii-lnix. which >a\'-. '* Sir William lu're.sl)\, 
 !i;!\i!;:: ciiitiacled much dcht 1)\- cxccsnin c whor- 
 ..., and diiaivin^-, Ixmiil; ahoni tlu- a';e ot' lorlv 
 \(ar-. ;ind a hachdor, sold his whole estate lo 
 .loiiii Sa\lle. ot" M'thle'V, l'-s(j. m 170,'). lie had 
 'All him l)v hi> fatli.T 1700/. per aim. and 1000/. 
 "I money, \ <l died m extreme want, heinu; at the 
 iniu ol his death a tap^ter in the I'leet prison." 
 
 ^^1 'ramworth. the second >iir\ i\ini;- -on ol" Sn 
 oliiK all that we know i-, thai in 1 "J J 1 he piih-
 
 XU PREl'ACL. 
 
 lislied a volume in quarto, entitled, " A Miscel- 
 lany of Ingenious Thoughts and Reflections, in 
 verse and prose, with some useful Kemarks ; to 
 which are added, for the sake of variety and en- 
 teitainment. Characters, Pleasant Narratives, Mo- 
 ral Observations, and Essays ;" a strange farrago, 
 collected at random from a multitude of writers ; 
 and his own observations are either wholly unintel- 
 ligible, or to the last degree absurd. He too was 
 doubtless much distressed, for he concludes his 
 dedication, " to the Right Honourable the Lords, 
 Ladies, and Gentlemen, his subscribers," by say- 
 ing that they have " generously contributed to 
 the quieting a mind districted with a thousand 
 anxiolies." Indeed the whole of his book bears 
 nident marks of a disordered imagination. 
 
 Whether 'i'amworth succecd<*d to tlie forlorn 
 title of Baronet ue know not : if su, he must have 
 died Without n]al<^ ;ssue ; for sve find a monument 
 inThribergh church to tii. mejiioiy of "Sir TjCO- 
 nard Reresl>}% BMrt., youngest son of Sir Jolui 
 Reresby. iiart. Governor of York in the year 
 1688." It states him to have died on the l6th of 
 August, 1748, aged 6.9, and in him the male hne 
 of his most ancient family became wholly extinct
 
 TRAVELS 
 
 sin JOHX RERESRY, 
 
 1 r i: TT iMiirlaiid in tliat iiii!i:i|)[)v lime \\ Iicn iioiic^l v 
 w U"' it'putcil ;i crime rch^ioii stipciNt ilioii, l()\;illv 
 trcii'^on: ^^ll('n siil)|((ls were ii'ovcrnor^, sci\ant> 
 ma^tcr^. and no ir<'iit Icnian a-^url'(l of an\ tiling- lie 
 |)(>^-(^s>c(l ; the lea-t _]ial()ii'-\ (tt' (1 i-a :"ic{' t ion to the 
 lale erecled coinnionweal th l)einL;- otlVncM' >nHi(ient 
 to en(hinL:'er the loifeilnie of liis estate, the only 
 law- in t'oice heoiLi,' ! li'>'i' ot' the sword 
 
 Till- j)o-tui"e ol' atlaiis -o chiUiL^rd the l':;e<' of 
 home that to li\e there ajj. eared \', or-:e t:ian ha- 
 nishinent ; which caii'^ed mo-l ol' our \outli c-jn'- 
 ciall\ -ncli \\ ho-e tamilii's had adhered to the late 
 km;x ) to tra\(d; ainoi!L^>l others in\-(dt'. I cm 
 barked at l\\c. Xpril ihe 'ijlli, l(i.)l. with one 
 Ml'. Leach an expelled fcl lo\'.dt" M a ml iiii ( 'ol le^e 
 for 111-' lo\all\\ whom I took with mi' : trom 
 whence we airi\cd ^dl'r at l)ieppe. in Normandv 
 m tour and t\\ent\ hours, thoni;h hoardrd li\ t'le 
 wa\ l)\ an ( )>tcndcr. wine lindini;- n(t hin::,- ah'i:!i<i of 
 ( iMit ra hand , <^"a\e IH lea\(' to j)ursO(< din loiiinev 
 ^^illioiit miiit\, 'rheiie\tda\ \m' c.i n e' I o jj ,,) nen ,
 
 2 TRAVELS OF 
 
 the first city of that province, and second in France, 
 both for wealth and beauty, though Lyons dis- 
 putes the pre-eminence with it unjustly. It stands 
 low, the river Seine passing through it, bearing thus 
 far vessels of one hundred and fifty tons. Formerly 
 it had over it a fair stone bridge, till being broken 
 by the English iu the wars with France, it hath 
 since been supplied with one ( scarce elsewhere seen) 
 of flat boats chained together, there experienced 
 both convenient and lasting, for its rising and fall- 
 ing with the tide. 
 
 The greatest church was built by the English^ 
 and dedicated to our Lady. In it, on the right 
 hand of the high altar, lies buried John Duke of 
 Bedford, regent of France in the time of Henry 
 the Sixth, under a mean monument for so great ii 
 prince ; which, when Lewis the Eleventh of France 
 was advised to deface, he worthily replied, that he 
 would not disquiet the person, when dead, whom all 
 France could not repel whilst he lived. In this 
 steeple hangs the greatest bell in all France, betwixt 
 ten and eleven yards in circuit. To this town be- 
 longs a court of parliament, established by Lewis 
 the Twelfth, in the year 1501, which sounds no 
 more in France than a court of judicature, like our 
 AVestminster Hall, for the hearing and determining 
 of all causes, whether civil or criminal, within its 
 own limits. But of this T shall forbear to speak 
 further till I come to that of Paris, because of first 
 institution and greatest privilege. 
 
 That which we call a parliament in England, was_, 
 when in use amongst the French, called an assembly 
 of the three estates, or Convcntus Ordiniim ; which
 
 SIR JOHN HERKSMV. 
 
 .'lie. tir-t, tlu- (.ItTirv ; -fcondlv, the nobilitv and 
 U('iiti\ ; tliirdU. the- pli'bciaii'-, or tiers atcit. Thcx- 
 <(>n\(iki'd, had a i^ieat aiithi)ritv ; peace or war 
 could not be made without their eou-^eiit ; and in 
 some ea-e>^ thev (li;po>ed of iht- crown itself a^ ap- 
 pears bv tlieir electinix Pepin and Ihiiines Ca|)et to 
 the >o\ ereiirntv , and their dej)o>inii,' C'hilderic ) in 
 ca-e of a kini;^ incai)acit v to govern, eitluT b\ >onu" 
 natural ilefcct, or ab-(MiC(\ I'hev lia\e aj)j)ouiteil 
 rei:-ent'>, a>^ Charles the First, w hiUl lie w as dauphin, 
 111- lather Kini:: Jolni beini:: tlu'ii j)ri^on(>r in llnii'- 
 land. 'l'hi> wa> he tliat was taken bv lOduard the 
 Ulack Prince at tiie battle of Poictiers |:>..(). anil 
 -ent over to Mdward the Third, his iathcr, into 
 I'.nixland, t( bear conipanv with the Iving of Scot-, 
 ai the <an)e time jirisoner m the Tower. 
 
 l>ul bccau-e ol ihe-e three e-tates, or member-. 
 (oiiM-telh the whoh^ bodv ol' that nation iwhereoi' 
 the kiui: i> t hf head ija\ e me ha\e to de-cribe them 
 innrc particulail \ : a- to thr lii it , \ciliccl . the eh'r<i\', 
 hath m.iii\ pri \ ilci^r- ; thrvj)a\ no-nb-ulie-, more 
 Mi;in a ttiilli to the kuii;', wlioh tlie\ onl\ term and 
 allow ;i- a charitable contribution; iheir jirt lates 
 wliellier ar(hbi-hop- or hi-hop-' elaun beini; ol' 
 the k in;.:,- > pri\ \ ((Uincil , and ol" tlie eouiu il ot' -tale, 
 (IioullIi it In >;iid tli \ ha\e int njiht of -e--ioii in 
 cither, except particuhirl . called to it b the km;.':. 
 
 1 iieir NcarK revenue is comptited Asorlh three 
 hundred and twent\ M!:lii,>n- of li\re-, of pound- 
 ^N'rliiii;' twenl\-foi!r million-. The number of hi- 
 -lioprii - are oiie hundred and ele\en, of ;ii( libi- 
 di. piic- tiflteii The kin^ hath power to inn'.Mnjite, 
 -'!( Ii a- art elected m!i them, to whom when
 
 4 TRAVELS OF 
 
 allowed by the pope) they swear fealty, laying 
 their hands upon their breasts^ as the laymen swear 
 with them joined. 
 
 The second estate, which is the nobility or gen- 
 try (for in France they make no distinction) enjoys 
 many immunities and exemptions ; they pay no 
 taxes or impost whatever. They are petty princes 
 within the limits of their own seigniories or lord- 
 ships, not only disposing of the estates and persons 
 of their tenants at their wills, but sometimes of 
 their lives ; many, by virtue of their tenures, having 
 liaute ef basse justice, or power to hang, draw,, 
 and quarter, within themselves. They of this es- 
 tate are, first, the princes of the blood; secondly, 
 the dukes and peers ; thirdly, the officers of the 
 crown (of which more hereafter); fourthly, les 
 chevaliers des ordres du roy, or knights of the 
 order; of which ( though there have been formerly 
 several) the only one that remains in reputation is 
 that of the Holy Ghost^ which is never conferred 
 upon any without they receive first the order of 
 Saint Michael. 
 
 That of the Holy Ghost was instituted by Henry 
 the Third, in the year 1579, and stinted to the num- 
 ber of thirty-six knights ; but now they are increased 
 to a far greater, Lewis the Tliirteenth making no 
 M'ewcr than fifty at one time. Fifthly, the governors 
 of provinces and towns, which signify in effect 
 what the dukes and earls once did, every province 
 being formerly commanded by a duke and twelve 
 counts or earls, who were subject to the dnke, as 
 now the governors of garrisons and towers are to 
 the governors of the province. Above all these
 
 SIR JOFIN RKRESMV 
 
 tlioro ^vas ( accordiiiii: to tlic old iii-tit(itii)n > a chief 
 (hike, or Duke of I'raiict', \\\n> Nva-. al>o termed 
 major of the j)alace: <o eminent a phiee, that 
 lluLTne^; Capet, the la^t of them, >tepj)ed out of it 
 into the tlirone. 
 
 'I'he>e iro\ernmeiits seem of hite to have been liere- 
 ditarv, man\ K-avinLj: tliem to their chiUlren, olher-> 
 rc^fii^ini,:; to reiLl"n them into the kind's Iiands [ till 
 eomj)elle(i to it) if not iijxui a \aliiahle conNidera- 
 tion. Si\llil\. Iti intiti iiobUss':, or the le>Ner sort ol' 
 i:-entr\ . 
 
 The la-t, or third ("^late, are the commotio or pie 
 heian-, winch C()mpri>eth those of the loni;- robe, or 
 the c;o\Nn men; of w horn I ma\ ^av. a^ to the pea- 
 sant^, tlie\ are certainly the mo-t mi>-erahle, sla\i^h 
 peoj)le in the world; v. hich occasioned Charles, tiie 
 iifth emperor, in hi^ character of l\itiropean princes, 
 to -t \ le the Ivmu' ol" |-' ranee, /?i ,i . /v///(; //////. his ^ub- 
 ject not beniii-le-s j)a>si\e than that sluii-ii-ish animal, 
 under iho c wciLrhtv burthen^ imj)oed upon them. 
 
 The \\ a\ i)i" coii\ tikuiu- th ('>(' estates \\ ;> this > (1^. 
 knia' i--n('d out his w 1 its to I he H'on criKU's of the pro- 
 \iiices, to uiNi" iKitice to the pruicipal tow lis to call 
 t^^(th('r tilt' I hree e-tatcs within lhe-e\eral (li\i- 
 ioiis; of winch onr was chosen of each to send to 
 the j)ro\iucial as>em!)l\, held lor the election of 
 three out ofllieiii all. t( rejre-eiit. in the :rran(l 
 as-embl \ , the three e-tatcs o j t he w hole pro\ nice. 
 
 'I'he kiiiii^s ot" I'raiue are now too al)-(dute to n^e 
 this \\ a V of ad \ 1- ill ^^ \\\\\\ their subjects, con-ii i I iiii:,- 
 onl\ their (\\n wilN, which tlie\ lia\e al\^a\^ .i 
 standmir arm\ readv to execute. This -o o\e,awes 
 llie common peoj)le, that tlie\ dare scai n; so much
 
 6 TRAVELS OF 
 
 as reflect on their past liberties; and yet it would 
 seem impossible for a king so to govern^ did he not 
 by the same way raise and engage to himself the 
 gentry^ that he depresseth the commonalty; first 
 rendering the privileges granted to the gentry more 
 considerable, by denying them to those of meaner 
 quality. Someheobligeth by making them receivers 
 of the taxes, others by giving them commands in his 
 garrisons and armies: in fine, himself is the channel 
 through which flow all the streams of favour and 
 reward to such as he would fix to his own interest, 
 whilst the poor countryman sinks under the weight 
 of his oppression. 
 
 But to my journey from Rouen. I went by the 
 messenger to Paris, who, according to the custom 
 of that country, furnisheth passengers with meat> 
 drink, lodging, carriage, and all other accommo- 
 dation for so far as you contract to go with him, at 
 a reasonable rate (though not very cleanly, yet a 
 convenient way of travelling for strangers). Some 
 few leagues from Rouen we passed by Saint Ger- 
 main, one of the King of France's best houses, built 
 by Charles the Fifths but much beautified by Henry 
 the Fourth. Near unto it stands another, built by 
 Francis the First, called Madrid, to evade his en- 
 gagement to Charles, the fifth emperor, who had 
 taken him prisoner, and after giving him libcrtv, 
 upon his engagement to return to Madrid, if he 
 could not accomplish such terms as were agreed on 
 betwixt them for his release; which not being able 
 to do, he made this, and came to it, instead of re- 
 turning into Spain. 
 
 Two leagues from Paris wc came to Saint Dennis^
 
 SIR JOHN RERESnV. 7 
 
 thoiii:::;!! no crroat town, vet very cou^iclfraljle for 
 havine: in it llie richest abbcv and one of the fairest 
 rhurclies in Frame, dedicated to the tutelar >aint 
 of tlial kin2:dom. 
 
 Here lie buried tlie French kinj^s, though in mean 
 toinh-;, in conipari^on of those of our< at \\ c^tniinster. 
 Thc^^e are supplied bv a rich trea'ury of a:old and 
 silver ()late, as chalices, censer-, l)()\vls, tlaj^gons, 
 <rucifi\e-<, and crowns, riclih carved and >c\. with 
 jcwrl- of crreat value. Ainouij^'-t other-, I saw a 
 rub\ a- l.iiu-e a- a walnut, \aluefi at tift\ thou>and 
 cr()v.Nn"<; all \\hich have been leiracies left to the ab- 
 bev b\ >uch kind's and iireat persons as Innc been 
 there buried. Here thcv shew vou likewise the 
 sword of the /^//ri //c' of Orleans, which thevtell vou 
 drove the Kiiulish out of IVance ; that of Charles 
 the (ireaf; a claw <f a lirifiin as bi*i; as a cow's horn; 
 with <tlier such like r(di(jUes. Hut those held in 
 most \ener;itioii 1)\ them are some true drops of our 
 Saviour- blood, -ome of <uir L;iil\'s n)ilk, a piece 
 ot thr true cro--, -ome ol John the IJ;ipti-t">^ bones 
 il \ ou will behe\ c it , and a consecrated w afer be- 
 sprinkled with droj)s of blood, wiicli, fliev tell vou, 
 it bled, on beiiii;- wounded with a pen kiiile bv a he- 
 retic that would not believe it the transubstantiated 
 body and blod dt'our Lord ; (//,/* niultis (iliis. 
 
 Leavinr Saint Dennis, we went towards I*aris, 
 which is two leaiiiies distant a leaij:ue beiiii:; about 
 two I-]nLcli-h mile- . \\ c (d)ser\ ed, at ab(Uit a ({Uar- 
 terof a ieaij-ue di-tant one from anotluM-, >e>eral fair 
 stoiK^ crosses; in e\erv one of w hich places, zealous 
 tradition persuades p(M)pl(^ that St. Dennis s,it down 
 to rest himself in his miraculous journcN I'rom Pari-,
 
 8 TRAVELS OF 
 
 after he was beheaded, as far as the abbey, carrying 
 his head in his liand all the way, where at last he fell 
 down and was buried, which gave name to that place. 
 
 Paris, I must confess (although an Englishman), 
 is the largest, fairest, and most populous city of all 
 those I have seen in Europe ( London not excepted ), 
 having twelve miles in compass, abounding with all 
 things which can either render a town commodious 
 or pleasant. Cicsar, in his Commentaries, calleth it 
 .LiitcBtia (quasi luto sita); but it stands in a fruitful 
 soil, upon the river Seine, within the Isle of France," 
 so called from its being surrounded with that river 
 on one side and several less rivulets on the other. 
 
 The ancient inhabitants of this province were the 
 Vangions, till, the year of our Lord four hundred 
 and twenty, a people of Germany called Franchi, ex- 
 pelled them; and, seating themselves in their room^, 
 called it Franconia, which hath aincc given the name 
 of France to the whole kingdom. 
 
 THE DESCRIPTION OF PARIS. 
 
 Paris is divided into the city and university; the 
 latter erected by Charles the Great, and contains 
 fifty-five colleges, but few of them endowed, except 
 one called la Sorbonnc, and that of late by Cardi- 
 nal Richelieu ; so that they are only places of publick 
 lecture, the scholars having both their lodging and 
 other accommodation in the town. 
 
 The city boasts itself as old as Rome. The ordi- 
 nary houses are of stone, spacious, and most of them 
 four or five stories high, every story often receiving 
 a niunerous family: the palaces iumptuous and many.
 
 sii{ JOHN ri:ri:sijv. <) 
 
 Tlu' kiiiii* "^ lioinc \N licrc lie rc^idc^ tor lie lialli 
 other* Ix^idc- \\ itiiiii thr town, \v\\ i::ri':il one* , 
 tailed the Loiure, liatli in it a iialh-rv a full 
 (jiiarter of a niilc loii^-. 1\ iilii' to tlie ri\er *ide. Ac- 
 cordiiip: to tile lirt de^i^ii, three more Mde> wer*,' to 
 liase been built of an ecjiial leiijith, to ha\e made it 
 (Ittadraniitilar ; that not onl\ all '<iieh a* had de- 
 pended on that Lir'at court, bnt some hundreds of 
 U'u.ird--, miuht liaNe lodged \Nithin it. 
 
 'I'he tow n-h(ii-e i* ;i fair structure, wln-re the 
 iiflieer- ol' the town meet to consult ol" -iieh malter>> 
 a- tend to the <::ood order, di-eij)line, or an\ other 
 ((MK'ern ol' the cit \ 
 
 The ('on\ent"^, monasteries, and cliurrbo, arc 
 irroat and nian\ ; that of our l.ad\ the ])i<i"Lrc-t, built 
 b\ the IjiLcli-li ; that of the ,le-uit* richc-t ami fincNt, 
 all the m^ide of the choir, w illi tlie j)illars and pa\e- 
 ment, bemi;- (d'[)ure marble. IJut of the^e J liall omit 
 to av nutre, a- al-o of the manv ^tatcdx bridiT''"-, <>f 
 Lu \eml)urLrh , and the l*o\al l*alace, two other ol' 
 the !\in-'> hnii-e-, the latter at that time the re-i- 
 (!( lice (it' our kiUL:-, the (,)ueen Mother, and Duke 
 ol \ ork. a>- aNo ol' man\ more remarkable place; 
 withm that cit\ ; which, in tlii< tra\ell!n<i- aii'e. mo>t 
 men- experience can i:'i\e a better account ol': only 
 I mu-l not pa-- b\ the i;-reat juilLn'^. or ])alace, a i^'reat 
 pile ot irreu-iilar buildinir, and ol' i^reat antujuit\, 
 -oine part ot it b( low -tan- cmpln\ed a- -hops and 
 warehoii-e-; part of it aboxc i< iKtt unlike our new 
 and old evchaiiLi'e-, where -iicli like merchand i /<'< 
 aree\po-ed to -ale. Thi- re-l ot' it i- dividrd into 
 iiKuu lar^-e ciiamber."? and :iparlnienl-, where the .sc- 
 eial court- tif {larlianuiil ha\e their -e--iiin. .Vnd
 
 10 TRAVELS or 
 
 here give me leave to define to you a French parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 Of the Parliaments in France. 
 
 The parliaments in France are courts of judica- 
 ture, for the hearing and determining all causes, 
 whether civil or criminal. 
 
 The French kings did formerly sit and administer 
 justice themselves to the people, till business in- 
 creased to that degree, that they were forced to trans- 
 fer that power to certain counsellors^ who at first, 
 joined with the peers of France, both ecclesiastic and 
 secular, composed a court called a parliament. 
 
 This parliament used for many years to attend the 
 king's person (though in progress) whence it was 
 styled ambulatory; during which time there was 
 none but it; till Philip le Bel made it sedentary, ap- 
 pointing the aforesaid palace for its constant post, 
 and at the same time constituted another at Tou- 
 louse, for the ease of the people; from these two 
 they are now grown to ten. 
 
 The first, that of Paris, erected by King Pepin, 
 
 Second, that of Toulouse, by Philip Ic Bel. 
 
 Third, that of Rouen, by Charles the Seventh, 
 
 Fourth, that of Grenoble, by the same. 
 
 Fifth, that of Bourdcaux, by Lew is the Eleventh. 
 
 Sixth, that of Dijon, by the same. 
 
 Seventh, that of Aix, by Lewis the Twelfth. 
 
 Eighth, that of Pau, by Henry the First. 
 
 Ninth, that of Rheims, by Henry the Second. 
 
 Tenth, that of Mentz, by Lewis the Thirteenth. 
 
 The parliament of Paris (much like unto which
 
 SIR JOHN RrimSFiY. il 
 
 aro all tlic rest) hath in it trii chainbcr<,, of sovoral 
 cotirt^. 
 
 I'ir'^t, the graiul rlianil)or; NNhicli onlv takos c'(><r- 
 iii/.aiico of the ino<t iinpoitaiil aiVair<, coIl^istiI)2; of 
 <Mi:::ht jjriucipal in(li;cN,oi" pre^idciit^ of the mortar { -o 
 caHod from tlicir roiiiul caps, hhkIi rcsembliiiij: mor- 
 tars) besides coiinseUors and otlier inferior ofliccrs. 
 
 Seeondiv, la chumbrc dc In loiinulli. that is, pro- 
 pcrl\, for trial of criminal oifenders (except icentle- 
 nieiO who, thou2:h at first cited into this, Ikinc 
 )>)\v('r to appeal to the urand chamber. To thi^ ap- 
 pertain {\\o presidents of the mortar, and eiirliteen 
 <-onn-(dh)rs. 
 
 Thirdh, the chamber of edict, erected in l^avoni 
 of tli(^ reformed chureiies (or those of Calvinism in 
 I'^rance;, to determine differences l)et\veen them and 
 the Koinani^t^, and to ;riNe redres^ ; tlu)n<rh of bite 
 thev -ildom do, as to matters of encroachments 
 made upon their liberfie> e^tablislKul h\ law, whe- 
 ther -^ijintnal or tcmpoial. This conrt halli one 
 pre-ident of the mortar, mx teen conn^elIor>, chosen 
 out of tlio^(; beloMirm^" to the other chambers every 
 tw()\ears, to attend tiiis aidoe. with the chancellor 
 and the protestant deputv-^'cneral. 
 
 The fourth and fifth chambers are courts of re- 
 CjUCstSj where are tried causes of several kinds, as 
 titles of lands and of all >^orts of estates, whether 
 real or jxrsonal. Each of these hath two presidi'iit^ 
 (not of the mortar) and twelve counsellors. 
 
 The fifth, and lastj are five chambers of inquests, 
 having rather a preparatory than a decidiiii:: |)ower, 
 thouij^h in some cases both; but always with aj)peals 
 to the higher courts. All proceedings here arc to be
 
 12 TRAVELS OF 
 
 in writing, not verbal. These have every one of 
 them two presidents and thirty counsellors. 
 
 Besides these there arc other officers of parlia- 
 mentj scilicet, prociireur clii rou, or king's attorney, 
 and under him four hundred inferior attornies^ two 
 advocates-gencralj besides an unknown number of 
 lawyers. 
 
 Lastly^ a grejjier en chef, or a chief clerk^ a place 
 of great profit. 
 
 The chamber of accounts (though no member of 
 parliament) is very considerable;, both as to its 
 business and officers;, and chiefly intends the king's 
 revenues, whether arising from taxes or the domain 
 of the crown. It also taketh care of alienations. 
 It confirms all edicts and ordinances relating to the 
 finances, treaties of peace, contracts of marriage of 
 the king's children, verifies all edicts for the crea- 
 tion of officers of the crown, as also the privileges 
 and charters of cities or provinces; it naturalizeth, 
 legitimates, ennobleth; nor is any grant from the 
 crown looked on as sure, till passed here. 
 
 The officers of this court are eleven presidents, 
 threescore and ten masters of accounts, thirty cor- 
 rectors, threescore and fourteen auditors, one advo- 
 cate, one attorney-general, thirty inferior attornies, 
 three comptrollers, besides clerks and others. 
 
 The number of these chambers throughout France 
 are eight: this at Paris the first, the rest at Rouen, 
 Dijon, Nantes, JVIontpelier, Grenoble, Aix, and 
 Dauphine. Besides these, within the precincts of 
 the palace there arc three more chambers of the 
 court of aides, composed of six presidents and other 
 officers. Itsjurisdiction is to determine, by last ap-
 
 srii .loiiN in:iu:?nY 
 
 13 
 
 pMil. \\li;it('vrr arisctli of (lisputc a> to all inaniicr of 
 taxes '^"^ tackles, aids, t^abcN, or an\ rij^ht of the 
 t roNMU 
 
 As to the laws in force in IVaiice, thev are no 
 more in ell'ecl than the kiiii;:;'* own ordinance^, \n iiich 
 the parliament reici^tcMs, ratifies, altera, or abolish- 
 eth, at his plcasnre. It is true, the ri\ il law is made 
 u-e of in ^oine jiarticular places w h(>re eu-toni hath 
 introduced it, but there no further determination 
 than it i< con^i^tent with the other; '^o that this peo- 
 ple fnid true 1)\ ^ad experience, iiu\crii tuns, uhi lex 
 f'fii diiiilfii' luf ti . 
 
 The maLiMxtracv of the citv of Paris i> both justi- 
 ciary and p()iiti(iue. The j u^ticiarv ollicers are, lir-t, 
 a cliief ii'uard, or u:nf(lc (h In //( i cv/c' dc Pnris, or 
 tlu^ guardian of the mayor-hi[) of Paris, who hatli 
 uniier him two lieulenanl-;, one civil, the other cri- 
 minal, a>M-ted hv four and tw(Mit v chanctdlor^, on(" 
 ad\(Mate and the knii;'"s attorne\. 
 
 'I'lie poll! Kjut' o Ulcer-; are, fir>t , a proNo^^t of Pari^. 
 or a ni;i|i)r; lourlcen (chimin, tu' aldermen; a re- 
 cei\rr. a licad clerk, sixteen (juaiter \\aiter>, x\ith 
 man\ more uilerioi' ollicer-. 
 
 Them.liti.i of t lli^ cit \ con^i^ts ol' Nixteen rei;-i- 
 nient^, e\er\ re^imenl of sixteen com})ani(V^ be-ides 
 an infinite luunber of \()Iunleer-;. 
 
 I>ut before I lea\(' Pari-, | cannot but take no 
 ticeol"it< I io-pilal i:'en(Mal , lateU built at thej)ublic 
 charii;e, out of the ruui> of tin- II o'-pital of Pit \ . and 
 X fr\ \\t)iih \ of unilalmn. Here tiie whole uujX'tcnt 
 ])oor are relnwed, and the nnu'e able -rt al \\ork to 
 "-omc manufacture or other . b\ a --tock \ en I \ an^uii;- 
 lioui the i:"<'neral conlnlnitiun of lli.' \\ hole cit\ , the
 
 14 TRAVELS OF 
 
 king paying his proportion as well as tlic meanest 
 burgher. It received three thousand the first year 
 it was erected J whereby the town in the world the 
 most pestered with beggars is become the freest of 
 them. 
 
 But because Paris is the usual place of residence 
 of the French kings, I conceive it will not be im- 
 proper to give here a short relation of that court ; 
 which the King of England's being there gave those 
 of our nation a better opportunity to acquaint them- 
 selves with. 
 
 The Descrij)tio7i of the French King's Court. 
 
 As to this^ we will first consider the king himself, 
 and with him the princes of the blood, the stranger 
 princes, and the peers of France. 
 
 Secondly, the officers of the crown^ whether civil 
 or military. 
 
 Thirdly, his councils. 
 
 Fourthly, his revenue. 
 
 As to the first Lewis the Fourteenth was yet i-^' 
 minority at my going into France, which, by the 
 laws of that nation, those kings are, till they attain 
 fourteen years, the princes of the blood seventeen, 
 and more ordinary persons five and twenty. 
 
 Though the crown of France goes by succession 
 from father to son, and for want of such heirs male^ 
 to the next relation male ( females being excluded by 
 their feigned Salique law ), yet in some respects ihey 
 will not allow it liereditary, or at least so far as to 
 entitle the son to the payment of his father's debts or 
 engagements; for when Lewis the T\\elfth wa* 
 desired to restore some arlillerv lent to Charles the
 
 SIR JOMX Ri:i?[:snv. 
 
 1 
 
 Kic:lit]i, liis ])rcdrc(.'sior, he denied to do it, as not 
 bt'ini!: '"'^ licir. 
 
 Tiic FriMuli kin<i;s li;i\e ;i most al)>olut(' power; 
 when tlic'V woiihl h;ue an\ ihini^ done or eonfirnicd 
 by parliament-;, thev peak to them in these terms: 
 
 " \\ t\ of our tree i:;raee, full po\Ner, irr'iit knctNs- 
 ' ied^-e, and roval authority, have w illed, appointed, 
 '' and ordained, that M)n do <o and -o." And to shew 
 the\ are ol)li<red to iri\c nobody a reason for Nyliat 
 tlie\ enjoin, thevend with, " for such is ourpleasurc." 
 
 'riies (li-[)o^e of all c,"()ycrnments of towns and 
 eountrie'^, and of all the olliee-> belonging; to the 
 (rown. whether ju^^tieiarv or military. Thev lay 
 what taxes thev please upon tin; j)eople, alter the 
 rates of nione\ , makini^ it greater when tiieir cofl'ers 
 are low, and le^s when full. Tlify make the la\ys^ 
 and interpret them; di>j)()^e of all tcclesiastieal pre- 
 ferment^, which the pope confirms; declare war^ 
 enter into leagues and confederacies, leyy soldiers, 
 and, in tine, whatever the\ please. 
 
 'The I'rench king (jiialilies himself the fir^t Chris- 
 tian kiiiL", and eldest son of the church; >a\>< lie is 
 not liable to t'xcmnmunication, or to do homaij;e to 
 an\ for his >0Aereignt\, as most other Christian 
 princes do, i^ither to the emperor or see of Koine. 
 And thu-; tar >hall serye as to the king himself. 
 
 The [)rinces of the blood are either the king's 
 children, brotliers, uncles, nephews, or cousins, de- 
 scended in a direct ma-culine line from them. Next 
 to the<e the bastard princes take place; but before 
 they can be 3o acknowledged, they mu<t obtain let- 
 ter"; of legitimation, or some otlier public ait ^o to 
 qualify them. 
 
 1 he stranger princes are ^uih a- though born in
 
 16 TRAVELS OF 
 
 France^ arc descended from some sovereign prince of 
 another country; as the Duke of Guise from the 
 house of Lorraine, 
 
 The dukes and peers have session in parliament, 
 and are the first of the nobility next to the princes. 
 At the first they were only twelve, six ecclesiastical 
 and six secular; so made by particular grant from 
 the king: but now (like other titles in France) they 
 are conveyed by certain lands erected into duchies 
 fo the purchaser, so that the just number is uncer- 
 tain, but believed to be about eighty. 
 
 This title is the only one at this day considerable 
 in France, those of earl, marquis, baron, and knight,, 
 bcingso commmon, a man needs not lands to acquire 
 them; good clothes and a splendid equipage creates 
 them daily. 
 
 The second division of the court arc the officers of 
 the crown, which we will subdivide into superior 
 and inferior : the superior ones are; 
 
 First, the constable, who was lieutenant-general 
 of the king's armies, lie carried the sword before 
 the king in all solemnities, and took place next to 
 the princes of the bloody till Lewis the Thirteenth, 
 this king's father, suppressed it in Monsieur le Due 
 de Lesdignieres. The Prince of Conde (a near 
 prince of the blood, a person of great courage and 
 ambition) first brought himself into jealousy of as- 
 piring to the crown (which occasioned the late civil 
 wars ) by desiring that this honour might be recalled 
 and conferred upon him. Though the name be taken 
 away, the greatest part of the power remains to the 
 first maraschal of France. 
 
 The maraschals of France are now places of great- 
 est credit and power ; according to the first institution
 
 siij .loiiN iM:iJi>!n 
 
 i lie re \\(ic but I w o. like iicutnianN to llif cnn-tulii' ; 
 iiiKitT ( !i;irl<'- iiH' ^c;!!!!!! tlic\ ^\(r(' iiicici-cd t'> 
 roiii-. :!i;(l liDW t!i(' ail' el ,ii[r( i; ; t!ii'\ arc iniu i-al- 
 of tlic aiiiiic-, aii.l -i! li\ llicii'-cl s c- at llu' liiaililc 
 f.il)!c ; tlhir j ;:ri-(licii;Mi i- o\cr \aL'Taiit-, NaiiM 
 hoiid-. luuliss a\ incii. comer'- ol" t'al-r moiios . aih! 
 viich lii.c ciiiiiina.U : llioiiLi'li tlic kin::- iiia_\ -ii-iu ;!,1 
 till- t'micti'm- of t!'!- ofiicc, ll:cir riuik re mam- lor lit' 
 
 'I'liiidU . \\\c chaiKclloi' ; ln' hath \\\c ciilodN ui 
 the L:ia a! -al. -it- on the ict't liaiid ol" tlic Iviiii.''. <!i-- 
 l)i.(- ot" all o!;icr- of lu-licc, -o far a- to (h-placc 
 the jiiilu-c- t licm-cl \ (-, ill ca-o o l' mi-ih'iii'.'a no r- - 
 thoui:-h the ki'.itr, l)\ takinti,- llic -cal from the cha.n- 
 <a'lloi', mav lake a\\a\- h'i- aiillionlv, in- ([uali;\ 
 MV\ cr (lie- but \\ ith !um-;'l f. 
 
 l''oiirthl\. tiic l-.(Mj'cr ol" the L'.'rcat -ral. wh'Mi 
 laivcn tVrm tlio clrKU'cllor 
 
 I it"i 111 \ , the iiiu'li a-liniral 
 
 >i\ll:l\. ihr ('oloncl-u'(a!''ra ! ol l'o(,t. io \',h>m all 
 ill;- la -t ai's' hut m a maii'ier i ;i';; 1 cirml (adopc!-, not 
 i)( ii!'.r allowcil I:) (! :-iiM-r ot' an \ conniiaml- in tl:r!i 
 o',' n I'f'Vimi'ji ! - n ; t hoii t him . 
 
 >;\!nlM\, llir iiia-!tn'of iho aililuTv.' ho coni- 
 oriiuK ail tin' ar-(a;ai-' iiiai'ja /uii'- , 
 
 |-j-li!hl\ . Iho L-raiul-m.:-! n (!' \\::\ivc. ih;' fir-1 
 oiiita i' ol t he L 1 a: "- lion-: ','!,! . .-, !io a ,1 in m. Icr I !'' 
 
 oai n-. f o all 1 he m !m r 
 
 t ' \ ( . ; , ' I n o M 
 
 int. r i],. ml.in', t In' la o.i . o r ,' a.' eh.! [m ! 
 ^n.!;ii^ . Iho -:.:!. , n aw].. . i .m. 
 |'rnih!> . ih. nn, i.n' -i' 'hr in,.-- . 
 I .!i'\t 111 h . I !;. { ,0 lam _. in lai ! oi' 1 nc 
 'i'w <! fi h, t in- ( '. ., f car', cr. \\ in) ' 
 
 n r a M' ; 
 
 . . I , , 
 
 r\ c (in
 
 J8 TRAVELS OF 
 
 ThiiteeiUh, the p,r{uid almoner^ the first ecclesi- 
 astical officer; he liath luuler his care all the hospi- 
 tals that arc of rovr.l foundation. 
 
 Fourtoei:th, tli; ;?;rand butler. 
 
 Fifteenth;, the grand pautler. 
 
 Sixteentl), the master of tlic cliace. 
 
 Seventeenth, [lie grand falconer. 
 
 Eighteenth;, the great master of the chace of 
 wolver. ; wlio hath under hini^ four officers, two mas- 
 ters of the waters, and two of the forests, whose 
 care it is to rcL^iilate siu:]i abuses as are committed 
 either by himting or fisliing. 
 
 Nineteenth, the grand provost of the household, 
 who judges all canst s, civil or criminal, amongst 
 the oflicers of the same; lie proportions the rates of 
 iish, lies];, wines, corn, ;:rd of ail other provisions 
 ibr the use of the court; l;e liath under him five 
 lieute'.ianis, and tiiirtccn oil. or olHcers. 
 
 Tv-ei;!;ieth, tli-; suaster of tlie ceremonies. 
 
 Twenty-first, t])e marcschal of the household, or 
 harbinger. 
 
 'i; ho inferior oliicers are either ecclesiastical or 
 !-ecuiar; of tliC first, there is the king's confessor in 
 ( \traordinarv, anotlier in ordin.ar\ ; eight almoners, 
 tliiit serve hv turns; twelve prcacliers, a master of 
 flie oraior\, ei. lit chapiairi.^, eiciht clerks of the 
 c]!;!!)el ;JH(I orators. 
 
 Tiie j:iv officers are four and twrnily laidcr gentle- 
 men of ti;e cliamber. ibur of the nv ardro'oe, four se- 
 cretaries of the king's iianiber, three of the closet, 
 In fine, it would be endless to menti<n ihem all that 
 are v/itliin doors and without, those above stairs 
 and below, as the grooms of the bed-chamber, anti-
 
 sii; .f()i[\ i:i;jM:<in . i') 
 
 cliiiinbcr, l):ick--t;iii-. and I he caljiiir! , ;!;. conin- 
 
 ) i(il!' i-->, clerk- oi' t!i'' Ivitchtii. ()\c;--..t- n\' i\],- 
 
 '.' ,ii(ii<il)('. dl' the libiMr\. [)i!r\ r\ iir-. \\;l!i ir.t'i'.iS' 
 
 luori'. two or t !n\".' ('.^rct'> niidcr tln^r. \ot lo t::!..- 
 notice of ill,' (hiecn MoIIkt. and the l)r.!veol' \!ii- 
 
 en 'n con rt'^, con-i-lini:" <! -ncdi Ii'vv' (dlicT-. ! ((e.ui 
 now to the u'nard<. 
 
 Of ri /'/< ,v7/ A7,vu's Cu.i) /s. 
 
 I tie lir-1 ol Cie-e are an hnndicd uent ienieii. v.\[ \ 
 halberd-, net nnii[. . t he !\ in?;- oj' leiirland - j)er-i::i 
 er-. that l^'o heloi'e iiim on letival (!:.'-; then \\).\v 
 C'!in|)anie- oi' the iiiiarii- ol'lh>'hod\, cacdi con-i t- 
 ni'^ot'one linndred leeen. '!"he hr-f oi" the-e compa- 
 nies -liouUI he :- eoteli . t in)n ';'h now !"e e, of I hem are 
 and are celled ;: iia rd- oi" t 'ie -iee\ e. heci-'il-e tiiere 
 are C!.ii-f '.e.i i \ ! > oi' tJien! < !e-e !) llie !v!:'Li,''- cfiair 
 '.\ in ii h'' dill; -. or a I teiid^ a n '. [uihlic cer( inon \ : thes 
 "s'ei'e admiltrd io f!ii- |'ri\[h"_-e, a- a! o lo tlnif <;' 
 I;' in;." {: (iMii/'Mi- oi" l''i'ance. ("or lh":r con-laet 
 -id,;!_- wr.Ii til i- ;-en(di aii'ani-l th-- l",a:vii-!i 
 
 Ne\;, !li,';f i- a con:j);;n\ el" one h liiid I'ed. >\,i: 
 
 .. t!... 
 
 ,-,' 
 
 /i'- ; I n: -e ,-!!; ; !ie !n -I Oi 1 :ie kin^ ort.in;;r\ uanin:^ , 
 and nni( !i e-tteined for i!n'ir '.ichdii', :ir:d co.;r:::j-' 
 1) edr- (it't\ ni e\ ! raordn';ir\ , thai wait (i !!;! rl I . 
 aed L (() the d(:a' w !iere the Is m^" r:: ! ;, 
 
 '\ \\ 1- I he <' nijeiu \ o I" 1 he '. ,\ ii' i .r< ^ . i on-: -i 
 ni^- ol' 1 A <) h nnd ;( d nni-i 'r-. he - ni - - i' \ aert - ; i ': 
 k nei" I- 1 1] ir ca ji*.: in and i!n'\ -r'.rh* oniiler 
 '! hien I lie c(e:![);;n\ ol' t o' !i nn(i I'.d i ' h I Ion - ' 
 I ai -t 1 \ , two r: J. en en I - o !' t'nwl , oac (; i ^ : i / ^a - . oi 
 ; . 1 1 i I <o!np : ne, - I !e i e' In i' 1 r^in e < ' '
 
 20 TRAV^ELS OF 
 
 company oujj;lit to muster two huudred men; these 
 mount the giKirtl !)y two compaaies together,, and 
 guard the avenues of the court. 
 
 Besides these, there is of late a new guard esta- 
 blished, of musqueteers on horseback, consisting of 
 one liundred and fifty gentlemen; they wear blue 
 coats, vith two great silver crowns flourished and 
 embroidered upon them, and attend the king out of 
 the town. 
 
 The whole guards together are above ten thousand 
 men. 
 
 And now that we are here, I conceive it may not be 
 improper to say something of the rest of the army, 
 wliich is greater or less, as they liavc war or peace, 
 but ever considerable, to keep the people in subjec- 
 tion: at my being in France the}- were these: 
 
 Tiio horse consists First, of gcns-d'armes, so 
 c:\llcd because completely armed; they receive dou- 
 ble pay^ and so are allowed every one his man. The 
 king, queen, nsonsieur, the princes of the blood, and 
 iTiareseluils of France, have each a company of these 
 for cu.iids. Secondlv, of fifty-six regiments of light 
 ii(HKe, (French), and twelve regiments of strangers. 
 
 The foot, in the year IG.)4, were one hundred and 
 irn regimen is of French, and fou.r of strangers, 
 V. hicli vonkl aiiiouut to a vast number, was every 
 r(72,it!!<.'n! thirtv companies complete, and every com- 
 pair, four score and ten men, as they ought to be, 
 according 1o ihe establishment. 
 
 V,u\ the ofticers, as well as soldiers, are so ill paid, 
 Jliat ih(^v \\1h)11v, in a liianncr, subsist by faUe mus- 
 lc\<, free (juarter, and ])re>ingupon the country, so 
 ibnl ai) a5si.vnmeiU of a country for ^yinter quarters is
 
 >i\i JOHN iij:in:"-in . -i 
 
 voiisiderod a^ little K'^- tlian (he -;!! d' it I i the >nl- 
 (licr\ , to tiikt; tlicir uf mo l ;id\ :ii)l;ii:(vt", t^r t 'i;i t h i m 
 
 'i'lic Kiiiij^ coimuaiuK in cliict"; I'lc iJiikfoi ()i- 
 le;iii>; ;i> li('iitcMi;iiil-i;iMi('r;il, tlic in:ir( -dial - !n-\t, :i;.(l 
 under llicin the colone!-. 
 
 'Ilie third thmi:- I proinxcl to c p.-ith r i!. wi.ii 
 the KiiiL". ; re hi- ((Mii:; ;!-, v. hirh ::> 
 
 J'ii^t . the hiirh ei'iiiteiU. iilw.i \ - l^e;.! ml i- ni; i;- - 
 t \ '.- ( haul !(!, \\ her*' na 1 !ei ol' !'; ' :,: i a 1 ; -1 ;n: ;!ic." t 
 ar(> con-ideied (>',. aiid ;.i-eii--(:' 
 
 |)lir.{ e- ol I lie hhxel , I 'ne < hi i : : H 
 
 I," Iv III: ;. I 
 
 1 i - ' !'i - 1,1 - 1 : . ;i : 
 
 -licli (ittier- a- the kill;,' appieiii-. ( m:)',m . ;; ; ,)u; 
 when h'^^ allair- cniiie ni (j in >l it.;!. i!ie c,-; :| ' idHii - 
 Li'eiieral aii'l ni(i-l (-i ! he i>rpiei'>;i I dh' . r> ol" -la!' a;e 
 tdinilte(L 
 
 ]!la( e, ( iMi-!-t- i.t (lie Ivllii:'. 1 he HI 111!-. 'I- ol -la ie. the 
 i.iace-eha!- and I leii teiiaii i -'eiii ra!-. 
 
 'I'hirdh*, the couiicil ol' -1.1 ' '. orl!ie]Mi\\ e>);:ii- 
 eih eoii-l-l HILL' of ahont lhirl\ |.erM!;i-, ^ -///'(/, ilie 
 .kiii.'i'. the prince- of ih-' hhuil. 1;;. eliiucel hn\ ihe 
 -iipi rii ieiithint-, -oine eoinii ilhir- iif ! 1 . ihe !rea- 
 i; lei-. ;iri.'! ol jiei'-, who (j iM 1 i /v t i^^'in ()!'':- iniiMu r- 
 a.hh' pii\\ (-(eMiieil i1m- halli lii" hu'L'-i <'\hn! lu; 
 hii-iiie-- e r an\ . 
 
 Il 1- not lo he I'orLi'nt 'en. |!i;i( the -(!. [aij^-. di' 
 'late ail' aUs a \ - pre-ent in ih.-; eoniieil-. topicpaie. 
 diU-e-l, and expedite IIm re- ; 1 1 - (. i' I h.e -a nn- ; t!i.' 
 are Imii- tii niiinlei'. and e\ei \ owr Iiath a ji lil.e'i' r 
 eharLi'e (O' liinclion; one hath eaie ol" loia i ' 
 ne->. aiiolher of what eciireni- the (Iilireh. . ''. i ' 
 "' a|]:ii|t iiulilar\ . and ih'' roiiit h . of -iieh .i- u la te 
 '-' the eoiirt , and hi- ina ie I \ - !ion-( !i ahh
 
 22 TRAVELS OF 
 
 There are more^ the councils of finances and par- 
 tieSj which meet twice aweek^ and chiefly take care 
 of the revenue^ which comes next^, as the fourth 
 thins: to be considered. 
 
 Of the Frendi King's Revenue, 
 
 It arises eiilier from tlie ancient demain of the 
 crowUj or from such taxes and impositions as arc 
 laid upon the siiljjcct. 
 
 For the demaiM, it was laid to tlie crown during 
 the reign of Pepin (till which time the kings were 
 supplied with money hv the consent and care of tlic 
 states) but that is now so mucli alienated^ that the 
 revenue may be said almost wholly to arise froui 
 the taxes; and those are, 
 
 Firstj iaiUc-s, certain levies of money upon every 
 family, by consent of the states, which^ in Levvis 
 the Eleven ill's time began to be so greats that it 
 caused an insurrection of the people ; but the king 
 quelling this, afterwards assessed them at his own 
 pleasure, without so mucli as advising with the 
 states, and it has since been practised throughout 
 France, except in some privileged counties, as 
 Langucdoc, Dauphiny, Bretagne, Provence, and 
 jkirgr.ndy. 
 
 Secondly. iaiUon, a kind of militia n:onev, im- 
 posed ispon the country under pretence of raisin<r 
 ];ay for the army. 
 
 Thirdly, la substance^ the payment whereof e\- 
 ciupts the })rovinces vvilling to raise it, from quar- 
 tering of soldif.Ts. 
 
 All these are paid by the tliird estate (tlie clergy 
 "uid gentry being free), \\hilc the poor peasant is
 
 s[K .loiiN i{!;;{!:^in . . ; 
 
 ol'ttMi forced to pint with ;ill lie lia-. i) lli('Ncr\ 
 bed holies upon. t> jia\ t 'icm. 
 
 'I'lu'xc, to<:('tln'r. arc ci'iiipiitcd to rai^e \t;irl\ 
 iirt\ niillioii"- three hiiiulred and iit"i\ nine thnii-and 
 two hundred li\ r( -. 
 
 |-'ourthl\, the (ii(U ^. an inipo-ition upon all noodx 
 and iner( li.-ndi -e. 
 
 l-'il'lhlN. // <^(iliill.. or re\('nui' aii-niu" iVoni -all. 
 which ha> heen ann /xed to (lie cro\' n e'.er ^nice the 
 rtiL:n ot' IMiilij) t!:e Lon^-. |.'>1S; al whuh time 
 (\er\ pound dl'-a!; jei'd hut a t".i r 1 !i '.nii- to the kni:;", 
 thdUL^'h al till- da-, larnied at l\\enl\ niiilion- of 
 li\l'i'> per iumnni , the f';iiii;( r- takue; the pit-, 
 into their o\' n ham!-, ami i;.'p;i-iiui- -alt u| on the 
 ])eople at w ha t ra te t i;e\ phai--'. 
 
 Ill the \ear \.)Vi ll:e price wa- inn led to t\".enl\' 
 ]i\r(^ till' i!',;!ie, a inea-.ii'e containing' ci':,ht and 
 loit\ 111 '.not-. e\( r\ p)ii;ii c ;n! amni;:,' .* hoii t a- niiie'i 
 a- our ho-iiel ; an : il i> n.iw n in t>) ei^lit aenl 
 toit\ li\re-, e\.'r\ li\r!' h'lii.'^- near i!e \.ilue ol' 
 e !..;! I ! ecu I'c ice - ! c,- ! i OL^". 
 
 l.'-lh. l!'" oi,! I'^i'ni-. ci'-loi;;., !(dl- i:;ion ri\ei--, 
 -:' le ol oihe -. ciNi!:.!"! niiii;,.-\, li;e iai'.not" iiiai 
 ami pap.r, !'!! ol'wiMi.i. in l!;- i.iii.;-'- fM'.--;-, wiiii 
 iirui\ (/ti.er- -\\v\\ lilvc, ;;''(:rd to il:e i'l/ir.er. aie 
 comjiuleii io amount \earl\. m ijie whole, to ahoul 
 ei'j,h I \ - 1 \'v o millioi.- ihite l.imdrei! ami iwtailv two 
 thioi-am! nine hnnsLid and n n.v'l \ --i \ liwe-; ot 
 pi-t(de-, ei:^!:l milllOiC two liimdre! :,i;,l t!lirt\-t\No 
 thou -a I id t .-. o i.Mim' 1 (! .: ui noi. I , .. :i e, wiili --mie 
 little odd-; ol' -M'rim--. at lit'liiii -h ilim- - I he pi- 
 'ide, vi\ nil!!. en- o.i' hiimiie;' ami m'\.:.I\ m.e 
 thousand ! .-. o hundreil and h\In-:-i\ j-o;md-.
 
 24 TRAVELS OF 
 
 It is believed^ that under pretence of raising; tliisj 
 the country pays a third part morCj which the 
 farmers and under oflicers put into their own pockets. 
 
 Lc siirintendaiit des finances, or the overseer of 
 the revenue, disposes of it as lie tiiinks fit, without 
 being obliged to account to any ; under him are the 
 iiitendants, and a comptroller^ with several treasu- 
 7: / rers of ihe c^pargi/e, or exclieqacrj wlich last jiur- 
 ' chase their oliices^ at a riiillion of livres a piece. 
 They have twelve thousand livres per annum, salarv, 
 besides a denier, or fourth part of a sol, twentv of 
 which make a livre, for every livre they receive. 
 
 l\ot finding it convenient to make any long stay 
 at Paris, at this time, I went for Sauniur the lat- 
 ter end of August ; a protestani university in the 
 province of Anjou ; as well ouc of desire to see the. 
 coimtry as to learu the language, which I found 
 the great resort of ray countrymen to Paris is 
 a prevention to. The fust remarkable place I 
 passed in the way was Oilcans, two days journey 
 by the messenger from Paris; the metropolis of the 
 country of Bausse, and gives title to the next of the 
 blood royal, save tlic king and dauphin. 
 
 Here Joan d'Arc, or the Pueelle of Orleans, 
 raised the siege, the town being ready to be surren- 
 dered to the English; it and Bourges being the only 
 two coir^iderable places at ihat time leit to Charles 
 the Se\e'.'.i!i, the French king, which caused him, in 
 mockerv, to be styled king of Boutges : npon the 
 bridge stands l;(>r statue, with this subeription :--- 
 
 .Kiau d Aic, qui patiiam lil)na\it ;i fiiitaiiiiieri ^ciMluItv 
 
 Tliis city is about the bigness of Y<'rk, but more
 
 >i\i .101 1\ ia:i{ r>r.N . ,, 
 
 j)n|)iil()U- ; 'funds bdtli in :i pliM-anl ;i'.ul 1 k li (H)iin- 
 li\ npon llic ii\rr l.niic; tlnniLiIi tin- ri\ir he in 
 onic [)l;u(> ^li;! i!()n\ . it i-- t!i<' liinadc-t m I'lancc, 
 and waters a uiralcr j)art ol' it than an\. "prniiinii:- 
 (.nt ot" tl'.f InlN of Vu\ fi-L'"!:^'. inul -o pa^-inLi" 
 llir.)Muli llu' nu-t tVuitt'nl dale- ol" ail l'i\:n(<". till 
 :t falU into the w c-icrn -ca . 
 
 Alter two (la\> -l;i\ to -cc ilic (o\'. n. I wen! 1)\ 
 NNutcr to liloi-. u iia\'- jmniux di-laiu'c from ()r 
 lean-, m a pa--ai:''-l)(>a ! \\i(h -onu' l-i'-iirl! inn. 
 ;.;id N'.inn'i! wlui. 1)\ s!ii<_,ti;j- |,) i,;.!^, t!'. lorrn 
 niiW'c pica-ant m)1ii:> (1 liinn liar in_:' ^;tlnl \(!i( . - 
 iii;.t!f il It'-' -" ; in;::' tinu" tiir air a! ll.c -an;.' Ii'.nc 
 \\ ilh N\ .' i'l- I'l' L'.ir'.u' a Li'irat food intlial countiN, 
 \vitii liKMii that it iiior.' nau-ialcd thf -nnll ilian 
 Lratili' d !lu' car. 
 
 'I' he -t i'/;iin ..!" ihi- n \ ( 1 1 -o \n ill. i ha t I he \n a !>M'- 
 i.icii, ii.)l ahle to vi)\\ had- tl; ihoa!-. -ell ihcin at 
 t he end (i ihcii" jdiirncN . 
 
 !!hii- I - no urea 1 |o-,\ 11 . hii i well -( a led . pari c f li 
 .:j)(ii a liiil. I'lc le^t |)\ ihc 1 ; \ ([ -ide -n.roiiiulcd 
 villi \iuc\ai(l- (111 e\ci\ -ide. Iicre I made -0:1;. 
 Ia\, hll! I'd'aiid 111 1 h' (d)-',T\ ahlc, e\'-e:i| \\i-- ea-|!(> 
 w heia' llic I) like er()ihail-. I lie Liiill- uik Ic. I hen 
 li\ed reined, hciiiL:- in -omc di-l'a\ tin r al eoint. lli- 
 C"reate-t (hli^ht w a- in hi- aaidci:. w here lie iiad all 
 -to I- (iT -iinnlc-. |)lant- and tree- that Ihc <linial<' 
 eoiild piodiue, wlinh he ph'a-((l hnn-eli witii 
 -tnd\ii:Ll' the nauu'- and \irliic- ot". ()ii ein- -.de 
 nl' the l(i\vn I- ihe dnke- (diace. W(dl -lorcil \\ 1 1 h 
 wniul a tlnni:' imt \er\ ii-iial in I'lainc ' vvhiili 
 ::i\e- liarlnnir Id mam -oil- nl" wild hea-!- e-pcei- 
 
 . 1 1 N icii (! If ami ' "I '> c- m 
 
 i'(, i,i'_' Lica t " n-
 
 26 TRAVELS OF 
 
 deavours to destroy these latter : tliey are so nume- 
 rous and bold in cold weather^ that the winter be- 
 fore my coming thither^ a herd of them came into 
 the street and devoured a young child. 
 
 There the Calvinists are allowed the public prac- 
 tice of their devotion^, and have their temple (as 
 they call it) or churchy but not within the walls of 
 the tow Uj no more than elsewhere in France. I know 
 not what to resemble it to belter^ as to shape^ than a 
 barn, nor is it much better adorned ; all that is al- 
 lowed to be painted or written within being only the 
 ten commandments ; they have neither steeples nor 
 bells ; the women sit separate from the r.ienj and 
 the ministers preach covered. 
 
 11;e second of July I left Blois, and the same day 
 came to AmboisC;, ten leagues further down the river; 
 a castle of great strength, where Charles the Eighth 
 died suddeiilv, in the midst of his great preparation 
 to make a second effort ujson the kingdom of Naples, 
 There is a winding staircffsCj or rallier an ascent 
 without steps, so large, and thatris.s so insensiblv, 
 that a coach and six horses have drawn up it to t!ie 
 top of the castle. 
 
 In tlie chapel we t;nv the horns of a stag, of au 
 incredible bigness, which tliev tell you swam from 
 the 'en. ajid came out of England ; as also the neck 
 bone aial one of his ribs, of fnc cubits aud an h;ilf 
 long. 
 
 Se\cn hagues furlkcr we readied Tours, tlie ca- 
 pital city of the province of Turaine, not imfitlj 
 called th(; garden of I'ranee^ for its delicious and 
 fri'.ilful siluation, and drives a great inland trade; 
 there is ihe longest pell-mell in Fr;mce, A league
 
 s[i{ joiix i{i:ki:si}v. 
 
 ^liiui of [\\c t(n\n we >^;iNV the famous UKMia-l.TN of 
 Mannoiiticr-^. where tlieN ho\\ a cruise of oil. or 
 I I saint iiu}'i>u!i\ \\ Iiicli t!ie\ -a\ St. Martin re(ri\ ,-(1 
 iVom licaNcii bv an .\nc!"el (l!a\iii,'r l)rok( ii one ol' lu- 
 nl)-> and l)\ ;i}i].l\ iiiu" it fomul picMMit cure; a^ul-o 
 St. ^ia^til^-< lul), a^ hii;- a^ a little room, wliieli the 
 >anil when (!e t;)\-, n \'.a 1:1 li'ciI -CiiiCitN 1\ rea- 
 son of a leii^- 'li'Lic'i eaiit(l to be filie ! wilh water, 
 A\\(\ ((>li\ r; iei! il ir.towiiic. Si ri\ ill fi . 
 
 The II! \t (!,i\ \'. e ;:iii\e;l at S.tiii.uir; it <t,iiu!- in 
 \!ii<:;!. ll^MUl ihi" riNei" I. iM''. t' t -o Coll u! ; Ta 1) 1 e iii 
 I- li'.i- ll: ea-l!e that eoiir.naini- l!ie whole t(.iiii- 
 
 , , i .iljacriit . 
 
 Thi-' V. a- or,.' of (!ie ea;; ! ie.narv low ii- liiaiited (o 
 ihe ( ':ii\ in 1- ; ^ 1)\ ihe I leii' h kuii:-. io ^-eeiirc to 
 tlieiM i he ; \ : iM*'' ol' I heir I'l .^loii. aiul -ome other 
 jii; \ ile.'ie- 1 i';-\ j,;;;(lia-' (i a! ill!- ]):ieeof a blood \ 
 a::;! le.^ioi:- wwi. lii lee reiLn- of Chaile- the Niiilli 
 a.ui iienr\ llu' ihi;"'.!. l! i-> ;!;(( an liiinei-ilx. 
 V. :;eia- th-'-e vo' iIk- re!". )r:..e;i eh iirt lit- -, iid their rhi!^ 
 (!.;.( to he chiie.it* d ;'-'d (;i-t I'll e ! 'd in ;; d ->.;- of s( ; - 
 !)!;i ' je( ;,; !i \' in {!i\li!i!'. ; thi- aiid Moi,!;:ii- 
 i,;::, ;;ii:.'j'ihe oidx t v o iiir-eri.> ol" l^:l;l:il,^ tins 
 l''.\' ;.! ail i'rai'ee. aed l!ie-e hii! iiuaii (ni(, for 
 I . o r'a-(;ri-: hr-l, the wart id a. eiiiMnoda t lo; 
 f'lr -' JMdar-. ll'ere Ix mi:' r.o ( ., Ih-r- ni eitlier. e\ 
 ( e|;! !he -i ht^'d- ; -econdU , ihe lillh ee.ee i: ; a ;: emeii 1 
 ,.:; \ en i o j io 1 1 --or'- and reader-, who h:: \ e r.o rew ;i i (! 
 h ui tin' hiT.e\ (dell ec of their -;h(d, ill- The lioni,!.' 
 ei-ha'.e here al-o a coileLi.'e or -thoid. under I'li 
 ";ire ll ; he |- al hei - of the ( )ralor\ . a fraleri.il \ la h i \ 
 ' -; d)ii-h(d to h--cil llie inti're-l of the .l(-iilt-. 
 'e.iii ilir other oidler- -U-neeted to L'low toocou-
 
 58 TRAVELS OF 
 
 siderablcj hy having so wholly under their care the 
 instruction of youth. 
 
 This college^ with the church belonging to it, is 
 dedicated to our Lady, called Notre Dame d'Arte- 
 liers, a place of great devotion, for the cures she is 
 cried up to do the lame and diseased, which leads 
 many a blind man to see miracles. 
 
 In the church hang up arms, legs, and almost all 
 sorts of members, in white wax, which they tell 
 3'OU such persons as came indisposed into those parts, 
 and returned sound from this pilgrimage, left behind 
 them, in commemoration of their cures. 
 
 The occasion of the invention of this Saint was 
 this : a poor fellow making a hole in the ground 
 with a mattock, happened, atone stroke, both to cut 
 his leg and to drive out of the ground a little black 
 image, which hnding to be that of our Lady^ he 
 applied to his leg, and was immediately healed; 
 thereupon she was carried \o a priest, who divulged 
 the miracle and got a contribution towards the rais- 
 ing to her an altar, which is since increased to a 
 church, an appendcnt college, and a whole street, 
 at the zealous charge of her pilgrims 
 
 At the other end of the town i^^ a convent of un- 
 rcformed friers, endowed witli lands to the value of 
 fifteen hundred pounds per annum, belonging to 
 Cardinal Grimmalde, who (if vou will believe their 
 adversaries) live something scandalously as to the 
 flesh, but yet regularly enough as to their order. 
 
 This was not only the usual place of my abode for 
 all that w inter, but for a long time after, as well 
 to improve myself in the lan<>:uage, as exercises of
 
 s\\{ .fOirX RERESIJV 
 
 1") 
 
 b()(l\, llioii2:li I somoliinrs left it iijjon \i^it-; to ^iicli 
 j)i;i(('s a- (lt'>.('i\('(l sfriiiix- Ainoiii;->t otlici-. A|)ril 
 the 'id. M).)."), 1 wnit Id Uicliflicii, wliuli i:a\(' 
 iiaiiH' and birtli to that m) faiiKiii-; Cardinal, laic mi 
 ni-tcr <>!' -tat' to Lew i> the 'riiirtccntli, who lir>-l 
 opened the e\f^ ol" I'lance to discern licr own 
 strength. 
 
 'l\\c town and hoii-r are l)otli little, but \cv\ po- 
 lite and w ell built. 'I'he town doth eliiell\ con^i-t 
 ol" a louLi- *pa(iou- -trai^ht street ; the houe< of tVee 
 "^toue a-hlard t'(U!r -torie* liiii'h, w here all ihewui- 
 dow and door- an>-\'.er one another. At the end of 
 the >-treet i-< a lair luarket-plaee. and in the middle 
 <d' il a church, Leaxini:" l!ii- on the ri<;dit hand, a 
 lonii' \\alk lead- \(Ui lo the hou-e. which -tands ;i 
 little to the left, the walk IxMnii' contrived near two 
 mile- into the (lark. in a direct line throuirli a wood 
 of the -anil' hni^tli, from the end wher(()t"\ou ha\e, 
 a IcNcl and (a-\ pro-pect (juile throULih the lo\\ii. 
 The liou-e i- rather hmli than larLie. but witlial 
 \e:\ rcn^iilar. nio.itcd icuuid \sitli the park on oiir 
 -iti''. Li-arclen- and li-h [icud- on the other: the I'ur- 
 nit ui ( rich ami ( (t- 1 1 \ not un\s or! Ii v (d' t he [thice. or 
 111- LLiandeiir that pro\ idcd il 'The picture- and the 
 statue- are thought e(|ual to the be- f in lta!\. t'roni 
 whence thev canK'. 'Ihi- hou-c no\s bcloiiLT* to the 
 l)iike ol' Kiclielicu. the ('ardinal- nephew and heir 
 
 in our return to >aumur we pa--ed h\ a plar.- 
 (ailed ( hinon; neai to who h i- the I )ro[])inL!," ( :iTr 
 N\here, near a mile under LlTiuind. the water t.illu.:' 
 ti'oni a rock , lir-t i- conii'eali'd into ice, and tie ii into 
 -lone. 
 
 Ni'\t we came to Loudon, wheir thr < ,il\iiu-l-
 
 30 TRAVELS OF 
 
 usually hold their synods for the reconciling of such 
 differences as at any time arise amongst themselves 
 in mattersof religion. Next, to Garonne, the Diike 
 of Roijan's house. The day following to Fronte- 
 veauXj a famous convent, where lies under a mean 
 tomb Richard the King: of En<rland. The Ladv 
 Abbess was bastard to Henry the Fourth, by Madame 
 de Beau ford, and sister to Monsieur de Ycndosme. 
 Some few leagues from hence we saw Done, remark- 
 able for an old Roman theatre. Not much further 
 lives the Duke of Brisac, at his house of the same 
 name, a great lover of field sports, and at that time 
 well furnished with English horses and dogs. 
 
 The next day, which was the iOch of April, we 
 reached Saumur. 
 
 In May, thv,' season invited me Uo make a further 
 voyage into t]je countrv, as far as Bourdcaux,, 
 which I did, in the company of Mr, Leach, and two 
 High Germans. Tlic first place of note we came to 
 was Poictiers, iv/o d;iys journey from Saumur, famous 
 for the battle there l^etwcen the French and English, 
 wl:ere King Joha wr.s t'^^kcn 'prisoner by Edward the 
 Black Prince. Tl)e compass of t!;e town is Inrge, 
 but the streets not many, and the houses ihin ; tliere 
 being large gardens, (ields, and viaeyards v.ithin the 
 walls. The best church was built by the EnglisJ!. 
 There we saw the ruins of an old Roman an;p!ii- 
 tlieatre. 
 
 The next remarkable place we passed tJirough \Aas 
 Angouleme, cjipital of the province of Aiigouniois, 
 It stands at ihe top of an hill, most c<>nsidei;-ble for 
 the castle, a ])!ace of great strength. 
 
 Then ve came to Siiintes, no grea! town to p;ivo
 
 Slli JOHN HCin^lJV 
 
 :ji 
 
 uamr to ;i pro\iiu(*, a^ it doth to llial of S.iiiitoiia:<', 
 \N lit-rr there i> a (a>tlc. Near unto it we -,i\v tlu- 
 ino->t entire Roman theatre in all I'ranee. In thc-c 
 the K(Mnan^ a( led trajj:,e(iie- or ((nnedie"*, haNiirj,- the 
 <taii:e in llie lorni ot" a half moon, and iisuall\ ihreo 
 de:rees of henches ahoiit it. 
 
 The fir-l. or neari'-t, wa^ calh-d papiiltu-in, for thi^ 
 ((iiumon-; ^eeond, niiit ^l rid . wIhto the i:'enthMnen 
 ^al ; the third, urclu slitt, lor the >>enator>. Their 
 amphilheiJre \\ a^ math" eirt'iihir, for the haitinii" of 
 wild hea-l-, -wo.d prr/e^, ;//*/ nhuli ill ,tri i (utli it 
 J\)'iii iiin ;(,,.;//i /.'( V I I'li'li !'iii:lui\ 
 
 "Not m:in\ leii^Mie- further we eame to l>la\, a 
 >mall town upon the ri\er (iaronne, \\ h.ere there is a 
 for!. \\(dl fortitied. I hat eommaiid- tiie ri\er. Merc 
 \\v lel'l our hor-e-;. and \', enl b\ w aie;- |, IJoui'dejiu \ 
 :.i !i\(^ hour-. liu- pa--aj'e \'. a-- |)h',; ;;:it ; the rixci 
 ' thn'ii'Ji huL'.' iiiaii tlie Thanic'- -onx- par! of the 
 \'.a\ ^er\ ( .ilio. The hank- jilaiilrd w i i ji \m(^. al'- 
 l"i>rd t !in>c f \e. 1 i.'Oi . w : 1 i - 1 
 
 w : 1 : - 1)'(; :''(i \'. ;i; 
 
 (> lllUCU 
 
 La-porlcd i!iii> l'",;i.: land . eaii.d /, \ in il (.'/' ,-. 
 ; : il < (iii'i -. ';.",' i'l'r.i !l \ . 1 lit' net r ; p; ' 1 1 > i>!' ( i u leiM'.e 
 i not N'lt'!;;!; ria-i;:! e-lrfr.ed one ot' the piiilie 
 (itie. in ['a. we II stae.;!- i ;i a plain, upon the 
 I i\ ( r dar! !>;... hcin'; l..;u-.- and opnloii-, and dri\ e- 
 <:realer luai itiiii'- 1 1 ade c [mm i.il I \ witli l/aulaiidand 
 I {(^l laiid I !i,i;i an \ ol lit i' \n iuit-oe\ cr. 
 
 The he-t ^licci i> call.d /../ /.''/: fl:i ("ihiju.ii^ 
 /.'</'/,, whuh f(M' hii ad!h and leni.' Ih. I iiexcr^iw 
 a hflter. The (liUielie- and reli::i'ii^ Imm'-'- an 
 nnnicitui^ and i'air, a^ aUn the |ia!aef-. It 'latlia 
 ) !i liaainit . and ihree eiladel-. to kerp il a;i I tin 
 
 "'iit!\ in -uhicetioii. Thai ol" Cliate.i!! i:'enpette
 
 S2 TRAVELS OF 
 
 is the strongest^ repaired since the last \y3ly, to the 
 great dissatisfaction of the citizens. Haifa league 
 from the town, we saw the ruins of a large theatre, 
 two sides of an old Roman temple, %vhere they used 
 to sacrifice to their tutelar gods. The wall is but 
 one course of stones thick, but so well seamed and 
 united by the cement of that age ( which we have 
 now lost the art of) that it is ever observed to break 
 sooner in the stone than the joints. There are seve- 
 ral hideous, monstrous things, carved on the inside 
 of the wall, which are believed those of their gods. 
 
 After three days stay here, we returned to Blay^ 
 intending for Saumur another way; and first we came 
 to Brouage, which, of a poor fisher town^ Cardinal 
 Richelieu made as convenient and secure a haven as 
 most in Fra}ice; a great security, as well asconvcni- 
 ency, to that side of the country, but very chargeable, 
 in making many iiundreds of great trees being driven 
 down ]ength\\ays, like pile^, into that boggy moist 
 ground, to secure the foundation, before they conld 
 either make Iiouscs or fortifications. To it appertain*: 
 an arsenal, \\c\\ stored with arms and ainmunition. 
 
 The next place v^e ame to of note vvas Rochelle, 
 once the strongcsi, phice in Fr-i-'Ci-. sitiiaied u]jon an 
 artn of (he sea, v.lsoic re\oii froin uuder llie Froncli 
 kii!g"s obedience. (tlie inhabitant-? bciiigall Cnl viniriis) 
 and theii' scckiEig to or.r iate larg for succour, ecca- 
 sionj'd L('\vis (he Thiru^nih 'o raise a grent armv Jo 
 reduc" (hcsn io (,'))e(*;:':'ce. Aiicr llic si* ae hnd coii- 
 tiiiued some 'uonlii'; h\ laiul. \,v\ iiu Hrri anlj v- iJie 
 town b<'ii:"\\cl' tore(! >^ iih piov i: so is, aro fscc;: 't.Liv 
 receiving l,cs!i iron: Fng'and, Ihc '1}\A(' of 1,^.;?:^- 
 ii.ghani, sent \<llh a coii^kieru!)le ariiu t^> llujv assist-
 
 sii{ .loiiN i{i;iJ(;-!5\ . 
 
 :;,'? 
 
 niu'c. w ;i^ \Nor-t('(l iii llI^ iittcmi)! on tlic i -Ir ut" \\\\r, 
 ;iinl altiTNN ard- ^tal)l)t'(l . w liicli Lra\ oppi'it ni;i t \ to 
 il mIicIich to 11-c t lii^ ca ^t r;:laL:'('in to curl) lliciii ci- 
 liitt. lo *iiik l)tt\\i\t tlir(M- ami lour liuiidicil \<"r|- 
 Ml the uiiddlc ot' tlir cliauiKd, to prcNciit all cut raiicc 
 (d" |)id\ i-ioii> ; wIikIi reduced them to tliat iicee'--it\ 
 in lour mouth-', that the li\iuLi" led ou t'le (had, and 
 thiO'-e ol' the h( ! qualilN did ate tlu- h-atluc that co- 
 \ered their coat lie-, -o, at la-t, t!ie\ (hdisered \\\) the 
 lo\su to the kui::''< nu'rc\; withui t\NO da\- allei 
 cDine- a teiu|)e>t. ami -weep- a\\a\ the (li^^ or ram- 
 [)iic ot" -hip-, the e\|)ectaliou ol whirii, a- al-o the 
 'omiiii:" III of a cert. Mil -ort ot" -hell tl-ji, whicli the 
 tide, ol"c'.i-tom. u-i'd to oiiiiL:", ma;le them hold out 
 the loiiucr; hut ueitlu r ol" the^' came till lo;) late, 
 to -how that h(a\eii i- aiiii'i'N at rehtdlioii. 
 
 The kiHLi-. though, he 'j:a\v tiiein theii li\(^-, tool. 
 !iim i.Iiem t lieii' pn \ ile^c-, di-maut leii thi' toN^u, and 
 pdaiited popidi lamilie- anioiiL:'^! thfii;. 'Ihe town i- 
 \er' lar;:r hiiilt with e'Ui!uiU;d poi( he- all aloiii;- 
 oil ea( h -'de ol" t lie -tree!-. 1 1 've t he p i l / /' a- Mi ( 'o\ rut 
 ::arde;!. hul imliiui^- -o uTeal Ihe he-t temple i> 
 
 iiiiilt < iicular. the (<(\er alm(*-t llat and ot had 
 snIiuIi it ait I liciall \ -ii-taiii- wilho'it eillier prop oi 
 pillar 
 
 Some -i\ leaLiue- ti'oai I5'ich.lle. W( pa -eo h\ a 
 i:Teat m;.n\ -al t-pit-, a 1 1 up; ai t he -hole ; t lie ;i ! lei 
 uiMiu l)i'ou;:,li 1 u- into a Liax-d eoi at i' '. . ami - > 1 1." !;' \ ' 
 dii \ t ill w e re;!(died \ :iute-. ui ! i: i i 1 ,in '. - i ' al up" a 
 tin- lauic. Til!- I- llie la-t pd:ie.- ..f' ii.il.' i;;-(". ^i' it 
 n \ < r t hoiiuli mil hmi; luteruir I M ail \ Ol 1 1;;- 1 rai i , 
 hi'ih for -t rue t lire ;iiid riehe-. In u :: a ('N'. ad :'ieat 
 ^'''lii. In the ua-.ait (huia-li lir r.i.iis <>l" ila' Dii'm-
 
 31 TRAVELS OF 
 
 of Brittany, under mean tombs for so great princes, 
 who maintained their sovereignty against all the at- 
 tempts and acts of the French kings^ till, the mas- 
 culine line ending;, it was annexed to that crown by 
 Charles the Eighth's marriage with Anne, the daugh- 
 ter and heiress of that duchy, in the year 1^90. 
 
 From Nantes we came to Angers, chief city of 
 the province of Anjou, which gives title to the third 
 prince of the blood. It stands upon the river May- 
 enne, which, not half a league from the town, dis- 
 charges itself into the Loire. The streets of the city 
 are large and numerous, and provisions plentiful, 
 which invites to it many people of quality, both 
 French and strangers. The great church, or cathe- 
 dral, is dedicated to St. Maurice, where they show 
 you one of the pitchers which, it is said, contained 
 the water our Saviour, at the wedding, converted 
 into wine ; it was of porphyry. 
 
 Near to this is the church of the Jacobins, and 
 over the high altar the portrait of our Lady^ extend- 
 ing her hands, holding a pair of beads to a suppli- 
 cant, with this inscription : 
 
 " Gaiulc, fill Hiaciiitlie; preces tuae gratae sunt filio nieo : et 
 quicquid ab eo per me peticris impetrabis.'' 
 
 In the convent of Capuchins these verses are 
 written over the door, to magnify their order : 
 
 " Exuo riaiicisciiin tiiuica laceroque cucullo, 
 
 (^ui Franciscus crat, jam iiiodo Christus erit : 
 Iiidiie scd Christum capucina vestc ; quid inde ? 
 Hie Flauci^,cus erit, qui tibi Christus erat." 
 
 There we saw the ruins of a palace, antiently be- 
 longing to the Kings of Sicily, and within it a short 
 galleryj entire^, about two yards and a half high^
 
 siu .u)\\s \ihAii:<\i\ 
 
 ami alxuit as miicli in breadth, wliicli op.h (h notes 
 }(t I1-, with how mean habitation^ i:;reat pei-ons con- 
 liiilrd theni-fU (>s ui lhoM'<la\-. 
 
 J'rom An<:'ers \s e had t\\(d\e haLrnc- to Saumur, 
 ha\ inir ii(u\ -^pent near thirl v (la\ - in takini:- a \ h'\'> of 
 tile ^aid roiintrie^. miii'' ol which we t'ouiul eompara- 
 bh' t'> that of Anion, both for pha-antne-'^ and iViiit- 
 iiihie--. aboundinL:,- w it'.i u'reat tow n-. v.ood*, \ iii''- 
 \ar(N. and watered with lortv M'\eral ri\t r. Ami 
 ]ia\iMu' irot enouLih of the !an^^:'^e to intrv)(li:re me 
 ml > the ((Miipanv (r the people ol' llie eot:ntr\ , 1 Kd't 
 Saumur in ,Fiil\ l().).. to <;-o with Mr. 1/ acli I'oi 
 AFon^, a ])hiee h'-- tVecjiunled b\ -traui^ei^. Mt)n< 
 i> the capital foN\n of the cioin!r\ of 'Maxeime 
 twenty h'a<^;ue< di-tance from Saumur. 
 
 In the wa\ \\r I;'\ at La I"le^eIle, wh('r(> tlie .le- 
 mmI- ha\e their pnnci[):!l collei;-*', I'ormeilv one ol 
 the I iiii:'- Jiounc-, ci,-i\rn them bv llenrv the I'otirth, 
 upon 111- recall of ll.em tVom bam- liment . whicii \)v~ 
 to :- he hal C(i;uhi,iiu(l lliem to. lor coneealm^-a 
 co:itr--:iMi of ;m mtemlcd attempt un;ui hi> hie. 
 
 \t III- dealii he bcijueath.'d hi-, liearl t( Mio-c of 
 Jii> colh'Liiv ^\IllcIl llie\ keep withu'reat veneral i;iii 
 in a ca^t' ol l:,' Kl iii [lieir tine cinireii on (>ne side dl 
 the hi^h altar, nn it h tha I (>f hi- (|ueeir- on the otht r 
 
 It 1- not the lea^t of t'.o-e ni'.iu p.dien^- ])r;'.e t i-ed 
 h\' tlii-^ order to admit of noi;e inio their -ociet \ , hut 
 eit 111 r the nohh-, I lie i u h . or incifnu'.'ii- w jiicli tlieii 
 having- -o much of t lie \ oiii h uiulrr i liiir m-i rm ; kmi 
 Hiid rare. l:'1 ves t hem op[)nrl um I \ -e, iVicient lo cii 1 1 mi! 
 P)iit to show moreplamlx ihcii imhi-ii\ m llii- kind, 
 \'> h' re there i- an\ ihinu' to he ac(i;;;re(l ; it will net 
 be iiiipcrt lueiii to i'le'.it ^Hi w liat I Ii.'mI fi .iii 1 lie umiiLh 
 
 1. 'i
 
 36 TRAVELS OF 
 
 of a sad father^ a county of good estate and family 
 in Dauphin V, concerning his children. 
 
 lie told me he had three sons, all sent to perform 
 their studies with the Jesuits : the first being me- 
 lancholy, gave them better opportunity to work into 
 him to leave the w orld,, and lead a religious life ; the 
 the second (by the example of his brother^ and the 
 insinuation of his masters) did tlie same^ notwith- 
 standing all the dissuasions of his friends ; the third, 
 being about twelve years old^ was then taken away, 
 lest he might be prevaih d upon by the same arts, 
 and sent to an academv at Paris, not so much to studv 
 exercises as diversions. \\ hen he came out, his father 
 allowed him an extraordinarv equipage, coach and 
 horses, a numerous retinue, and, indeed, whatever he 
 desired, to enamour him the more of the world ; all 
 which was not suHicient to efface his first impressions,, 
 renewed by a visit he made to his brothers, so that 
 no endeavours could op])Ose his entering into the same 
 cloister, leaving his father without a son, though 
 not without many heirs, the greatest part of his 
 estate by this means going to the college. 
 
 As to Mons, it is a very old town, stands part of it 
 upon a hill ; it is an archbisliopric, and hath two or 
 three churches of note ; amongst others, that of the 
 Hospital, br.il t and endowed b\ Kenrv the Third of 
 Ijn.'j-Jr.nd. 1 his town, a^ well ris the countr\, was 
 long in tlie possession oi^ the Fihglish, from whence 
 the Marquis of P( ze, and several other families there- 
 about own their extractions. Here lived at lluit 
 time several })eo]>!(; of qi;ulit\, as la iMarcjuesse of 
 Conniers dowager, the \ iscount of \ ardin, and 
 others, whom we found very obliging to strangers.
 
 sii{ .loiix in:Ki>i;v. 
 
 37 
 
 alfitrdini;' ii" iiTcat tVccilom in tlnir lioii-i -, uiid ]);irt 
 ill ;ill tlifir (in (M^ion- am! ciitci taiiiiiuTil-. (ltl||ll^ fiir 
 iiiiu' iiKMit li>' >la\ at ihat placr. 
 
 Ill \|)iil lil/d. I It huncu to >aiiiniir, n\ Ik it \ 
 Nta\c(l two iiioiitliN ; liKMi I Weill t(t 'I lionai^ in lirit- 
 taii\, where the Diil.e ol" 'riCiiK'nUe hath hi- he-l 
 h()ii<e. and \\a> then retire,!, hemii' m -ome di- t"a \ (tiir 
 at (oml . |art I \ up .n h;> ow n ac(( >mi! I , and pait I \ hi- 
 -on'-, the Pihiee ot Tarenle, w ho had adiiered to tlie 
 I'lince lit' ((iiide, in !ii- la-t re\oit t'l'inii the kini:-. 
 
 Thoiiar- 1- loit!\<(l upon a- one ot' tlie he-t inaiior- 
 m all I'lanee, not -o in lie h tor pinlit . ' a :;Tea t extent 
 ol" land theie -onietiiiie- a tlord iml;- not iniieli rent . 
 hill for LL'realne-- o!' tenure; li\<' hundred i;eiit leiiieii, 
 a- it i- -aid. lioldinLi' their land- iVoiii it. 
 
 (i oinii' li> \' :iit <>!> f 'k' Dnke. I to mid hi in \ci\ kind , 
 A\ lien I l(tld hini in\ coiintrN , tlie late I'lari ol" Derhv 
 lia\iiii:," niaiiied hi- -i-ter : he ((Uiinianded me to 
 dine Willi hiiii, ;ind llii' next lime mounted me upon 
 one ot 111- lioi-e-, to wait on him a-hiiiit iiii^- in his 
 park, ^^lll( h in't hein^- two mih'- ahoiil, 1 tlioiii;-hl 
 (if little CO, I, pa-- to h,d(in:i' to -o U'Ceat a per-on, till 
 I I'oiind thai Tew are alioNsed io lia\e aii\ there, -a\e 
 the Jinnee- ol" I he hlood : -o line it i-, that there are 
 more park- in Kiii^daiid than in all I'.nrope he-ide-. 
 
 I ja\ mi;- now -laid about two \ear- in I'rance. I 
 liad a ureal de-ii'e to -ee llal\ ; hut m\ allowance 
 Iroiii Miiuland not heini;' -nnicient to (h'l'ra\ ihe 
 ( liarLi'e ot iiiore t hail I w o in so loii^- a puirnev , I pa i led 
 with Mr. Leach, wlio returned Inniiew ,i i tl~ . and 
 \\eiit Irom Thoiiar- I he 'iSt h ol ,1 III \ h).)(>. Iakin<; 
 <nil\ an l',iiLili-li bo\ aloii^\wtli me, (!e-i::iiiii^- tor 
 J -\ on<.
 
 3S TRAVELS OF 
 
 From Thenars I hired horses to Tours^ about 
 twenty leagues distant^ of which I have already made 
 mention; then I travelled three days through a good 
 country^ well stored with fish and excellent wineSj 
 without meeting with any place of note till I came 
 to Bourges^ formerly called Biturris^ a hints 
 Turris, capital town of the province of Berry^ an 
 university, and one of the cautionary towns assigned 
 the protcstants in the year 1570. The great church is 
 large and well built; the houses are generally of wood. 
 
 The next day 1 passed through Bourbon, that 
 gives name to a fruitful country about it, so famous 
 for the great cures wrought by its waters and baths: 
 there is one w ell so very hot, that a fowl dipped into 
 it loses its feathers. 
 
 The next daj- after I came to Moulines, upon the 
 river Elaver : here the great trade of the town is 
 knives and scissars, as also all sorts of hardware, of 
 great esteem throughout France. 
 
 From Moulines, in one day and a half, I went to 
 Rouen, upon the river Loire, where that river first 
 begins to be navigable, and in two days more to 
 Lyons: we found the way these two last very desert 
 and rocky, which gives occasion for the frequent 
 robberies there committed. 
 
 Here it was that the so famous thief, called Lc 
 K^oUlairc, from his always robbing by himself, con- 
 fessed at his execution, in the year 1659, that he had 
 committed above twenty murders, besides robberies; 
 his way of doing it was thus: The road, as I have 
 said, uneasy and dangerous; when he perceived a 
 single passenger, or two at the most, lie would ofier 
 himself to them^ in the habit of a lame beggar^ to
 
 sm .foiiN Hi:Rr:Ni{v. so 
 
 show tlirm a more even and secure \\n\ . and ^o led 
 tlieiii [o a |)Iaee. where, in a iiarrosv |)a>-.;(i:', lie liad 
 pre[)are(l a trap-door; thi> beinc; covered over willi 
 ij^ravel, and liini^clf <:;oinLr o\er lir^L wlioni it bore, 
 beini;- on foot, made it not diNfoverabb' to the bor-e- 
 nien, till one of tbeni felt tbe downfall ; tbis done, 
 the ad\antai:;e of tbe plare, and two or three ra->e of 
 pistol^ he (arri(Hl under his coat, <;"a\e bini >onie op- 
 j)ortunitv to make hiu'xlf master, lir-t of the life, 
 then of the |)ure ot' the other, for he -eldom robbed 
 l)uf he killed. 
 
 L\oii>. \\itli the (duutrv about it, i>^ called L\on- 
 noi^ ; it i-- within the \eri:-e of l)auphin\ ; it i^ >itu- 
 ated ui a |)lace with i:i-eat mountauis on one -ide, 
 and two \cv\ ren)arkai)!e ri\ eis on the otiier, Rhone 
 and Saone, \\liich here nuM'f ; the lir>t comes from 
 the Lake of (iene\a, the other from near Lan<i;res in 
 (iernianv ; the tow n is \ erv ^reat, and w ell built ; an 
 uni\er>it\, a i:reat m;irt town, fhe-^eeot' an arcb- 
 bi-liop. antl ha> a parliament, but nu)-t inhabited b\ 
 U-own-meii and merchanl^, who live at a> i^-reat an 
 <\ju!!ce both a>- to their hou><e- and e(|UipaL:"e. a- ihi' 
 l)e>t. 'Ilieic the woin(ii of (|Ualit\, when the\ \i^it 
 llieir coiuil;\ hou^e- lu ^unuuer, ride astride like 
 men, with hats and feather> Durino- mv -.tav here, 
 which was till the latter end of October, arrived 
 (."hri^tiana. late (^^ueen of Sweden, onl\ child to 
 Ciusta\us \d(dphus, from Home, liaNuii;- the ^('ar 
 bel\)re re>>ii!;ned up her kini;(lom to the iionn Kini:- of 
 Sweden, her cousin-i:;erman. I ler face is w ell . hut 
 her person litth' and crooked, which to conceal tlu! 
 biMter, I supjjose, she <,> niuch anVcfs ^^earln^ a 
 loose coat, like a man^ a craNat, and a})(riwii;-. She
 
 40 TRAVELS OF 
 
 liat.li certainly a great deal of wit^ and a vast memory : 
 she speaks well in seven several languages ; and in 
 my liearmg,. seeing a new play in her own chamber, 
 reminded the actors of about twenty verses ( repeat- 
 ing them vrl)ati)iij, which it seems they^ not being 
 very perfect in^ had omitted. 
 
 And now as 1 was in preparing for Italy, eame the 
 news of the plague having broken out, which proves 
 so mortal in these hot countries, and makes so ill 
 travelling' T none beinji: admitted anv where out of an 
 infected place, without forty days conhnenient to a 
 pest-house, which the) call makiiig quarantine, 
 \^here, if any one die, though of another distemper, 
 the last day, you stay as long again), that it reason- 
 ably diverted a great many travellers from their pur- 
 pose of seeing Italy; and here only one Mr. Berry, 
 of Cante.bury, and myself, of English, resolved, 
 being conie so far, to commit ourselves to Provi- 
 dence, and to set forward for Venice, which we heard 
 wan free from iuf^ ction, with the first opportunity. 
 
 This gentlenuui tiicn aad two Italians, mjself and 
 servar.t, parted from Lyors the iS'lh of October, 
 I(>5o, V itii il-e prucaciu or messenger, w ith whom 
 we had cv.i)tiacted to furnitli us with all necessa- 
 ries, as carriage, lodging, and diet, at a certain 
 rate, betwixt Lyons and Padua, in Italy. 
 
 In three days time we came to Geneva, through a 
 barren mouniainous woody coimtry, little inhabited 
 butbyvolves and bears. It stands upon a great 
 lake, w<ll stored with fish, cspeciall> trout (some 
 have been taken weighing sixty pounds), with 
 .France on one si(ie, Savoy and Switzerland on the 
 <)tiiei , It is a little commomvealth or seigniory of
 
 siK JOHN Ki;iM>in 
 
 n 
 
 d-^clt"; it^ territories -oine leaLi"iie< iii C(nii|);i>-, an 
 \ii.i\ernt\, and LLOscnu'd 1)\ a coinnKiii-rouiu il ami 
 [\<n\ - Mulicv 
 
 'I'lie town i^ !ai"u'('- the >lreets l)iif narro\>-. and 
 I'r.e !iou- " all aieiie(i toward-^ t he -Ireet , tliat one 
 nia\ \s a ! !v -eeuii iVoni wet \\\ .ill weat;ier. 
 
 I leie \l i'. ( a! \ Ml ill's I hroacheii iii> (i.'i trine, ahoni 
 1,''^(). \. lii< Il has vlnee nnich sj)r"ad it>rlt" tlir ii-li 
 I lanee ai.vi ct' 'T i ar!- o I I'", li roj.e. t honn'h w ith -on:e 
 diti. rein ( a to matter (d" eh inch ij.-o\ ernnnait . I lore 
 !l e. . -ist> ol two iivmen to e\i r\ mr.u-ler. who talvc 
 e:irf of niaii'r- \Nilhm tie ir jtar^iMilar [)ir:>lie-, 
 a, le ..liii:;- to the -\m)d or eonv oca lion . when the\ 
 ra:mi)t lietennine tl.e;:!. 
 
 The minister- li\e i!|)on -!i{)end<. -eldoni a!jo\ e 
 jiftx pound- a nnui. ant! the t\ tin's are eolleeted l)\ 
 liie -cenliir olhcefs. tor the mamtenanee ol' the poor, 
 and i!'' ( hii(!ren (t' mini-teis tjiat are lel't unpro- 
 \ ided tor, and -uih li!>.' n-es. 'Tin: (diinndn's ha\e 
 be!U an.d -ti'cpl.s lik( oMis, hut mi inward de('(tra- 
 tioii-. 'i'he\ n-e a set torm ol pra\er. and alter -er- 
 \ieean\ -oi i ot reereatnMi on Sunda\- Thev are 
 -( s;'\,Mr aaa nt liomanists. that thev do not sutler 
 them to ahnle tliere al)o\ e three da\ - without spec' nil 
 licence; and lo km>w wjio conu's, thev lia\e search- 
 er- thai in.juire dail\ m all iiiUs who the\ are that 
 arrive, w';al i> their reliu'ion. and how Ioiill' thev in- 
 tend to s[a\ - 
 
 lut. l.( lore I L^o further. I coma'ive it will nol he 
 im])roner to -av soinethm:;' ol tin' conuinnlil le- a- 
 W(dl a- of the peoi)le. of !''rance. \\ hat it ahoumU 
 in mos|, of it> own production, i-, nninv -luls ot" 
 Jiistun;- and \vh(de-(jme wiiic*. excellenl c vder , and
 
 42 TRAVELS OF 
 
 perry^ good store of corn and cattle^ to suffice 
 themselves ; as also^ of coarse cloths^ made about 
 BerrVj a great work country^ but none for trans- 
 portation ; their horses are trussed and big boned^ 
 something finer than those of Fhinders, fitter for 
 loads than for the saddle^ which makes them so prize 
 those of England and Spain. Pacers they have none, 
 nor are they necessaryj where they travel so easily, 
 seldom going faster than at a long rake, betwixt 
 a trot and foot pace, which they call Ic grand pas. 
 
 Their fuel is most usually wood, and charcoal. 
 Sea coal they have in some places from England ; 
 the meaner sort burn stubble and furze. 
 
 As to the people, they are very ingenious in im- 
 proving what their country affords by manufac- 
 ture, in exchange of which, and their wines, they 
 have all foreign commodities brought them, the 
 reason why they less addict themselves to navigation. 
 
 The French are hearty feeders, eating four meals 
 a day, usually at their dinners on boiled meat, and 
 suppers roast. The quality of their diet is much 
 the same with ours; the same sorts of fish and 
 fowl, with addition only improved by their cookery 
 and sauces, in which certainly they excel us. 
 
 The commonalty live much on roots, salads, gar- 
 lick, and such like. 
 
 The gentry there seldom live in the country, or 
 when they do, it is for recruit, which makes them 
 live very sparingly as to their bellies, to clap it on 
 their backs when they return to a good town, where, 
 howsoever they fare, they will be fine. 
 
 The inns are usually well provided with victuals, 
 but the rooms inconvenient, having two or three beds
 
 \\{ JOHN in:Ri:>HV. 
 
 ^.j 
 
 a-|)it re, ban- walU, roar^f Inicii. \slii(li tn jirociirp 
 cli'aii I- a l'a\()ii|- ; tin- meat mui citlicr [)a\ [nv al -o 
 iiiiK li a-Iicad. or a^irt' tor bctorc it be (lri'--('(l. 
 
 The c<'iitr\ aic \\i!l bred, l)iit no ><liolar>-, bciiiL:.- 
 !i-iiail\ taken iVom their -tiulic-^ at about I'oiirti-eii, 
 ill. II put into t!;e a'aibMuv to learn tbeir exercise*, 
 a- t"( ncniii,*, (laiicin.'\ liiu^ic. ridin^' the ureat hor-e, 
 .Mill the like, and l!ien -eiit into the ann\. where, if 
 lhe\ |Mir< ha-e no! -.)ine command, alter a ( ampaii:ai 
 'r two tor the -toute-t mn-t pa \ a^ \\ (d! a^ the re^l ) 
 ili(\ rttiini to -ueh ( ii!ph\ :nent> a- their l"ri(iuK 
 preiiare t'oi" t hem ( l-e\\ hej'e. 
 
 Thi^ \\a\ ot breedm'j'. a-< abo the t'amiliar eon- 
 er-e aHowed theiM \sith their parent^ iVom their 
 (diihlhood. tram-' them nj) l(* a L^'real ((nlbbMici', 
 whnli oitcn put^ an hand-onie i:1o>-h upon mean 
 j)art-. fill I'nrther tamiliarit \ di>-eo\er that tliev arc 
 i he be-l to the out w ard . 
 
 \\ herea- titles \i-r(\ to ])e adiierent to laiid><, >^() 
 ;io\s lam!'- are to tiller ; an\ iicntieinan that i^ owner 
 oi' a piece of a maii(,r_, (jualil"\mu: !iiin-(dt' ami 
 children ('oiint-, \ i^connt-, ^)V l>aron< ot" the ^ame, 
 llioiiiih it ^\a^ ne\er erected into that (jualit\. 
 
 Such a^ are de-iixncd for tiit^ chur.h are l)r(iuirlit 
 
 ip another wav, and find u'ood prelVrnient ui 'ome 
 
 bi-hop' .>('(, abbev, j)rior\. or comcnt; into the 
 
 bet ol \'. Inch, person- of the be.il (jualit \ , not part^, 
 
 are common! \ chosen, 
 
 'liadiiiL!," in l-'raiuu' ])oth |)rocurcs and I'orteits 
 u'tiililitv ; per>oii> tii.it liave ^ot iiood estate- ea-ily 
 ob|;iiiiiiiM- beiii^- ennol)led 1)\ tlie kini;- at cheap 
 i:it'^; wlien al the same ti.iK' a ^i ut leiuaii hiuii. is 
 'hoii-ht to (1( ^Ia^lc iiiiuhelf 1)\ Iraliic , and \ct the
 
 44 TRAVELS OF 
 
 best of thenij in plentiful years^ play the vintner, 
 settir,^ lip huts at their gates^ and selling a farthing's 
 worth of wine to passengers. 
 
 The women are rather subtle than chaste^ intc- 
 rcssed than virtuous; a great itch to be vvell clad ; 
 sometimes occasioning the neglect of one part to 
 adorn the rest. In fine^ the French are generally 
 soon gained, and soon lost ; good company^ but bad 
 friends ; unable to keep a secret, and had rather lay 
 their hands on their swords for you^ than on their 
 purse ; they have more of airy than solid, and at- 
 tempt better than they perform, so that it may pro- 
 perly enough be said of them, as Tacitus Scvid of the 
 Britons in his time, //.* dcposccndis periciilis cadcm 
 audacia; in delractandis ubi advoierc cadem for- 
 mi do. 
 
 OF SWITZERLAND. 
 
 From Geneva we went through Switzerland for 
 Italy : the first place of note we came to in that 
 country, was Rolle, where we lay October theS^rd. 
 But before I go further, give me leave to say some- 
 thing of that commonwealth, consisting of thirteen 
 cantons or provinces: Zurich, Berne_, Lucerne. L ran. 
 Glauris,Schvv}tz, Bazil,Friburg, Solothurn, Shauft- 
 hausen, Appcnsol, Underwalt, Zugh. Switzerland, 
 or Helvetia, hath ever been a member of the empire, 
 under the Romans, the French, and the Germans, 
 till about the time it came to the House of Aus- 
 tria ; oppressed by the tyranny of the governors 
 thereof, their cantons entered into a league to de- 
 fend their liberties against Leopold, Arcliduke of
 
 Au-tna, whom flu-v oNcrtlucw in battle, in [\\r 
 MMi- 1.)'!.); the n-t |)crcci\ iiiLT till-'. l)\ (Ic^^icc- t'<ll 
 iiiln till- -ainc coiitVd 1 ;u\ w illi llii'iii, roiitcil out 
 llir t'.iiiiilif- ot" u-ciitliiiuMi. and laid the touiuiat Km 
 of llic -amc tVrc cxfiitc that tlii's tMii(\ at lln- da\ . 
 
 I',a(h canidn i>, a- it wcic. a little rcpn hlic (!' 1 1- 
 vilt'; hatii |)iihlic maLLi^tratc- ! Ia\ impoHtioii- iipdii 
 -iich commodities a-> are liable to i)a\ thrm, a> -alt, 
 orn. and wine, which, lif'^l put into the li(M>iir\, 
 i> al'leiw ai d- expended either upon the pii\ate or 
 pnhli( aeeouiit, \\lier(to e\er\ canton conlnbulc^, 
 accord uil^- tc their prop<>rt ion. 
 
 I inoi^'li /iirich be allowed the lir-t canton tor 
 ordi'i >ake. beiiiL:" the u->ual place ot re-<idence tor am- 
 ba--ador-. and i-- hr>t accjuainted with t'oreiLin mat- 
 {' ,- to communicate them to the re-t , and the like; \eL 
 the ( ant(;i- admit oino >-uperiorit \ one abo\ e another. 
 I'!a< h ha- it- particular council, or -eiiate, where 
 then' pii\ate concern- are ad|udu<'d and regulated, 
 AwA -iicli idccted a- are cut to the u'cneral -eiiatc, 
 where all matter-, -iicli a^ peaic, \\ar. leaii'iie-, ;ind 
 -iicli ailaii- are carried l)\ \oice- no canton lia\iiiL;" 
 mnre (.,!( t hail aiiMt her 
 
 I'he cantmi- :ire not tied to oh-ei\e the cu-tom- 
 il Cacli ollnr, evcept the\ t'retd\ embrace them. Iii' 
 'he law- l!ie\ pi(i( eed and judaic b\ are (b-cree- and 
 latii'e- au'iei'd to at then ii'enei il ((iiiiicil-, who h 
 t lie\ lll\ l(d,l I) I \ keep 
 
 In Lucerne, tliehiw (d" ret nbiit ion i-ol'tcn t'ollowed 
 \^ here an arm pa \ - Inr an arm. an e\e tor an \e and 
 lite tni lite lh(iUi:'ll the ini-chl.'l" be done m ,/ ' ' 
 '''fi/l,,^ except the parts ll\; nor can the [)ii\.it:
 
 46 TRAVELS OF 
 
 senate of the canton allow his return till satisfaction 
 be given to the next of kin. 
 
 Four of these cantons, and the most considerable^ 
 Zurich, Berne, ShafFhausen, and Bazil, are protes- 
 tants; Zugh^ Glari-;, and Appensol mixt; the rest 
 Romanists. 
 
 But to ni}' journey. From Rollc \vehad fourhours 
 to Lozannen (for so ihej reckon in that countr)^ not 
 by leagues but hours, as do the Germans), where we 
 left the Lake of Geneva, and at night reached Mis- 
 den, in the canton of Berr.e. 
 
 The next day, being the 26th, we went tlirough a 
 champaign country, and in nine hours arrived at 
 iVIorat. a little compact town, half of it within the 
 canton of Berne, and half within thatof Friburg. It 
 has a governor that continues his ollice six years: 
 which expired, his successor must be of the other 
 canton. It ahnost joins upon a lake which Charles 
 Duke of Burgvmdy swan) on horseback ( overcome by 
 the Switzers ) to save liimself ; and, as the story goes 
 his horse not only carried him^ but haled liis page. 
 who, resolving to follow his master's fortune, leaped 
 in after, and got hold of the tail, w hich the Duke re- 
 quited when he arrived on theotlier side, by pistolling 
 him for doing that ( (/Utof v/hatsocver consideration ), 
 that might have endangered his master's life. 
 
 Near to the phice where tiie battle was fought 
 j^tands a little house, built like a chapel, 11 lied with 
 the bones of thirty thousand men that tliere lost their 
 lives. 
 
 Five hours from hence we reached Aberge, where 
 we dined, and at night came to our lodging at Solo- 
 thurn.
 
 SIR JOHN nruL'sin'. 
 
 47 
 
 Tlii^ i^ the metropolis of the canton of t1ir ^ame 
 name, \\ here iisiiallv ro^ich's the I'icnch ainha-^ador. 
 I Icic I saw a tower of L;Teat anti(init\ , calh-d the Kiel 
 'I'owcr, whicli llie tiuiui's upon it -peak to he built 
 fi\(' hiin(lr<(l \ears before the l)irth ot" our Saviour. 
 'I'hus far the lani;ua<it' t)f the eoiintrv \\a a corrupt 
 I'rcneh mived witli Dutch, but here the\ be^an to 
 s|)eak clear llii;h Dutch. The next (laN -hoxNed u? a 
 fair le\ el countr\ , well wooded. \\ e dined at Hiir- 
 biir<i.li, and lodjj;-ed at \irow, -itiiated on the river 
 An. 
 
 The next dav we baited at ArellinLTer. wher(> t!ic 
 lii"~-t >tr(ke wa-' Ntiuck in the late ended war betwi.xt 
 the papi-t- and prote>-l int>. The uroiind of the (juar- 
 r(d was this ; >oine papists tiirniiii:; i)rote>taiits not far 
 fidin till- place, iiad their uooils del lined froni theiu^ 
 b\ the Koinani^t"? of tht^ j)ari>h la\ iii^- claim to I hern 
 b\ a law lhe\ pretend to ha\e there, that when aiiv 
 timonLL-! them alter their reliLiion, the\ forfeit their 
 li'ood- The coinert- not content with tlii>, a-'-i-^tcd 
 with tlieii j)ail\. rcvpiired n-l iti:ti(n, which beiiij^ 
 ilniied iliem, lir>t ocea-ioned a (jiiarrel in the town, 
 \shieli at'li iw ard-. e~poii-ed l)\ the whole coiinti v, 
 ended in -i\ month- tinic with the lo-> ot' I'ne or six 
 tlioii-aiul iiK'ii, wherein t!ie proteslan t> came to the 
 w or-e. 
 
 I'oiir leaiiMie- from M( ilinii'er we came to Zurich. 
 the metropolis ot' the j)rnicipal canton, a iair well- 
 i)Ui!t town, -landiiiLl upon a lake ol" the -ame name, 
 juuch aflei llie manii"r ol" d'eiieva and Con-tanee 
 which three are the on! (own- -o -ea!ed in the (Mm-- 
 !ian world, at the end- ol' I hree l"allU'^^ lake , \". Iiei; 
 ' unlraelinir ihem-el \ e-, lhe\ fall into ruei-
 
 4S TRAVELS OF 
 
 The streets are large, and beautified with several 
 churches^ especially three built cathedral-wise. 
 
 The river divides the town into two parts^ and hath 
 over it three bridges. On the far side we see the 
 arsenal^ an excellent store-house of ammunition and 
 arms, both offensive and defensive^ sufficient^ as they 
 told us^ to arm fifteen thousand men cap-a-pie ; be- 
 sides which^ every citizen of rank is allowed to keep 
 arms in his house for four men. 
 
 Here they showed us the coat worn by Charles 
 Duke of Burgundy the day they overcame him and 
 killed him inbattlcj and the great basket-hilted sword 
 of William Tell^ who, though but an obscure person^ 
 was the occasion of the liberty of his country; the 
 manner thus (as gocth the story) : 
 
 One of the lieutenants under the Archduke of Aus 
 tria (amcmgst other ridiculous insolencics practised 
 upon the natives ) commanded thit his helmet erected 
 upon a pike^ should be reverenced by such i^s passed 
 by it, which this Tell refused to do, wi^creof tJ^e go- 
 vernor being advertised, sent for him, enjoining him 
 for punishment, to take cfi" an apple with an arrow- 
 laid upon the brad of his child, or die, which :t sterns 
 l)e had the fortune to do ; hut a second arr^w Lv'ing 
 discovered under ti?s coat, miO )5ei:.-.'' nsked his v isou 
 of bringing! I, he rep lied, "W .^h intention ( f ''m oiuig 
 the depntv wilh that, if he hac^ har^!ed his 'Id villi 
 theot'M>r ;" v.liereupon isc waschippt d ir.pri >on, from 
 whri.( e ii i't( rwards esca^fin;:-, so u .ui\ lescitrd to him 
 tiiai JR- assailed tl^c drp;;!*, and first ;!j};)o.ued in tiie 
 ])nrcliase of that l>bi")tv, \> hieii more t oi.siderable 
 pers(n]!5 af!(T\vaiv;s [/crfcrtcd. 
 
 Tlu'rc thev have a counnon cellar and {irauary.
 
 *,\ni'rf llicv keep their ir-ciNc in ca-e ol' drarlli (r 
 (;u ( il \ . what it -I'ciii^ lhi'\ have ot't en sullen mI ii;\(!rr 
 ill (111- comrnN. The celhir there i-u-ikiUn -l.re(l 
 ',\ ith "ix th(iii>aii(l aniie- oi' \N ine. e\crv a line contaiu- 
 ini:- one huiulred and IweutN jjotth'^. Tlie j)i[)e^ thai 
 hohl il ar<' dl" a \a>t ^i/e. >^(tlne of them rect i\c three 
 himdred and -e\enl\-liNe ainie^ a pice 'The hnlh-r, 
 In draw uv ;i ta-te of it. took pain^ to -o up a hidiler 
 ot' near t\\ent\ -ia\e>. to \erv ill puipov ; for I 
 houirlit it thewor-t I e\er drank. There I tasted 
 A\iiieot' thirt\ \ear> oUl. or rather \ ineirar, and -aw 
 I'orii 111 ihi'ir L:,ianir\ ol a hundred 
 
 1 1 ere roiih'd at t hi- tune tlie l'hiu!i>h and NCnetian 
 ainha>-ador-. lie t'roni lM)L:.huid \\a> named l*cl!. 
 and had heen two \ears resident from Cromwell ; a 
 itraii^'e unkno\\ii person, n(t unsuilini'' thej)eoph; lie 
 Ma->ent to. nor l!ie master he came iVom. Tlies art^ 
 );(<( -o Mriet in ilunr r(di<j:n'n, the\ -uiler not the \ c- 
 IK Iiaii amha-sador to hear ma-s i;i hi, i)\\\\ hoii-e, nor 
 ut-arer it than at t w o lea^-ues disiiince from t!i(> tow n. 
 
 ! i it herlo we had \ erv toierahle w a \ from ( iene\ a, 
 miieh ol it through larii-e coi n-liehU, \me\ar(K, 
 and wood>: hut now, draw uitr near t he \lp-. we he- 
 L, Ml In tii.d 1 hi- count r\ more ha rren and nuuintaiiicii-. 
 Mr Pell i(dd me that al /urich he co;iid mc -low 
 oil! ol lii-^ Window, ujUMi luiL ll!)v)urln^ in!!- to the 
 tow n . .ill -iiiiii;ier ioii:^-. 
 
 iia\iii-- >!aul a ill. al /urah \ c t(MMv he.!' tI,o 
 i;f\t, inlriidni^- for l/c'vcn, tweisr le:; -^ue- o ('", a -leail 
 tnw II -, a ted a I ! h eir! (il ( !m- i.i ke. (t\ or w !cii v. < >.. .\ 
 ^ ii:trro\\ hnilLre "f pli;iivs (j'hl 'iiun.lrid [ u - in 
 ' iiLTtM called tie' hrid-f ol' l?ab^\ild. 
 
 i ill''' hour- till till r \'- e came to W e.. en ou hoiM'' 
 
 c
 
 so TRAVELS OF 
 
 back, and in the afternoon embarked upon another 
 lake of the same name with the town, which at night 
 brought us to Wallenstaff. From AVallenstaff wehad 
 very ill way (amongst hills covered with snow) to 
 the town where we dined, called Regats ; and in two 
 hours from thence we passed the famous river of 
 Reines, where it was not above half a yard deep nor 
 eight yards over^ within a mile of its first spring. 
 
 This river separates Switzerland from Roetia, or 
 the country of the Grisons, which lies much among 
 the Alps. 
 
 Rogtia is a commonwealth of itself, governed much 
 after the same manner as that of Switzerland, being 
 with it joined in a perpetual league and friendship 
 since the year 1498. The first canton is called Liga 
 Grisa, or the Upper League ; the second, Liga cas 
 di Dio, or that of the House of God ; the third,, 
 Liga delle Diex Communitatc, or that of the Ten 
 Communities; of which it consists. 
 
 In three hours after we had passed the Reine we 
 arrived at Chur, the first town of this country, and 
 indeed the only walled town of all the cantons, the 
 rest being sufficiently fortified by nature amongst 
 those craggy hills where they lie scattered. 
 
 The houses here are most of them of free-stone, 
 and two stories high, much surpassing those in other 
 towns in these parts, where they seldom exceed one, 
 with windows not above a foot square, lest too 
 much air should enter to cool their stoves. 
 
 This town is situated at the foot of a great hill, a 
 little river passing through it. On one side is the 
 bishop's house, and an antient church. Near to these 
 a great number of houses surrounded with a wall
 
 :IR JOHN UKRKSIU . 
 
 called tlir Bi>>lu)|)ric^ wlu'ic tlic Ivoinani^ts areoiilv 
 allowed to live, tiie rest of the inhabitants bcini^ re- 
 tor mi- 1-;. 
 
 'J'he\ hold that the iir>^i person that converted that 
 <'onntrv t'roni |)a2;anisni to thristianit vwa^ one l^uei ns, 
 an lMiij:li-hnian, in commemoration ol' \n honi there is 
 a cha|)el. lonir; <inee built on the !>i(l<' of the !ii! I . \\ here 
 once .1 \ ear tlu;\ li'o in procession to pav their de\()t ions. 
 
 I rom Chnr we had ten hours to Hori!;()n, w Jiere \\c 
 rathiM' ( li(-e to lie upon benclies tiia.n in nast\ beds, 
 ileretiiex be^an to sjieak a corrupt Italian mixed 
 with Dutch. It sfaiuU at the foot of oiif of the 
 higliest \lp<. called Albnla. \\ e \\ ere a i;reat pai t (^f 
 the ni'.xt nu)rninii' climbiiiii: <1 it ; w h'^n we arrn cd at 
 the t()|) we ha|)pil\ found not much snow and betli'r 
 weather, i'.ut the descent \ (^rv dani:;erous and slipperv, 
 ]ia\in^- lal(d\ thawi'dand froz(Mi tlie iiiuht before, so 
 I hat IIh' pa-^a^e \\ as a Con! iiuiiil ice, steep withal, ami 
 no! a ^a;'d hmad in some place-. On the lel"t hand 
 of I he wax w a- the ri-e ot" the lull , on I he riu'iil a stcc^p 
 (IiM'ent, .ind so armed with the points of [oelv. that 
 <ome laden mulev tallim:; down not Ioiilt be fore we 
 pa>c'd, were bioivcu in >eN('ral piece> ere the\ came 
 t(t the bottom, llere Mr. ^>err^ , of our comjuinx , nol 
 w illintr to li^ht as the rest did, l'( II (low n. hor'^eau(l all 
 \\ liere he had certaiiiK |)eri-l:ed, Iiad lie r.ot miiaeu- 
 lou-U' 'toj^jK'd upon a u'reat ^loiie ere he fell t\\o 
 yards, which saved them both f^oiii much liaiiii. In 
 e\en hour> w (> p;'.--ed (hi-- hill, aiid aljout two iii the' 
 aflernoon came to Lepante, where \^ e r( tVe^-hed oin 
 ^<'l\es, and in threi' hour< miu'c c.iine -ah- lo (Hii IikI.;"- 
 uiLi" at i'ontra/in a \i c\ en an uii'-, -e .it d ai the t'ln! 
 ol the nu) lint am IJeliin;! '!"!i( ne\l (':' \ x^ e Iwimd i his
 
 52 TRAVELS OF 
 
 more easy than that of Albula ; the passage less steep, 
 the descent slii)p},, but not so narrow. On the top of 
 it we V'asscd a lar^^e plain three leagues in compass, 
 and wit*' in it three large lakes. We overcame this 
 hill in six hours, dined at Posiagore, and lodged at 
 Madonna di Tyrano. This is the first town within 
 Valtalin, so culled quasi vciUis ielliKa, though no 
 spacious country, yet populous and fruitful, much of 
 it subject to the Grisons, the rest to the Spaniards : 
 there grows a sort of sweet dark-coloured wine, not 
 imlikc Muscadine, esteemed throughout Italy and 
 Switzerland. The hills are well covered with wood, 
 especially pine tree-:; the seeds of the apples are as 
 large as hazel-nuts, containing a kernel much tasted 
 like them ; those woods abound with wild beasts, such 
 as boars, goats, bears, wolves, roes, and red deer. 
 
 But here a word or two of the Swiss. That they 
 came originally from the Gauls, was the opinion in 
 Cresar's time, for he says, that they exceed the rest 
 of the Gauls in deeds of arms. Suetonius also calls 
 them Gens Gallica turbidi ingenii, an v.nquiet or trou- 
 blesome sortof French, which two characters of stout 
 and boisterous may not unfitly be applied to them at 
 this day. Besides this, they are believed very faithful 
 and trusty, which reputation ( M'ith that of their cou- 
 rage) prefers them before others to the service of 
 the Pope, the King of France, and many other princes, 
 as guards to their persons, and soldiers in their wars. 
 But this fidelity is no longer binding than they are 
 well paid, believing it no defamation of a true mer- 
 cenary to mutiny for his pay, which gave rise to the 
 proverb, })oiiit cV argent;, puint de Si^cibse j no pay no 
 Swiss.
 
 SIR .mux Ri:Rr:sii\ . .-ji 
 
 Tht'N nro of little '-tatiirc. prcnd and -trniii;-, fail-, 
 liardx ai'(' iniirrd lo labour liom then iiitaiK". ; t!i'\ 
 ii('\ci cIi.Miirc llicir in()(!(\ whicli i> iri<at tniiilv 
 brcrclir-. -l.i- lu^l and laced with --ilk lace, the lining- 
 of some coloured ^tutl" appearinjx mideriicatli ; tlicv 
 lia\e dmihlet-; with loiiij,- -kiit^ and bonnet-, l\)r in 
 town- the hat> are forbidden. 
 
 AN hat irenthnien in;i \ except from democracN -iil- 
 lieicn! I \ appear- in I hi-, w here there i< none left that 
 dare prctciid to a bcllcr (|nalit\, one than another. 
 A pcr-on tit (j iialit \ I nu't w itii at (' !iur. of that coun- 
 tr\ . a--ii,t'd nic. (hat flionah hi- aiicc-ior- liad been 
 baron-, dud hiiii-(df -ei-ed of u <:ood c-lato, a- al-o of 
 a c,i-l le which !iad formei h. lie- pii\ ilc^'e of a count \ 
 pal.atine, he \Na- foii '(! I o ( o.! ,, ; , ai.d a--ociat; hini- 
 -eit" \\ iih t ! Micanest j)ca-ani-, to a\ oid the jealou- v 
 and pri jndiec of hi- ik iadihours. 
 
 I lif bc-i man in tiic [own i- eO]nnn)nl\ mine Iso-t, 
 and -hould a t!a\eller t!:i:t!\. liim-dt in po-cil upon, or 
 notoi loii-l \ {healed lii hi- ri'ckon'i i.'. a> -han^'cr- com- 
 mon I \ ar<' t lure, and :;<> to com;) inn to tlu- chiet' ma- 
 ai-lrat<'. |i(' \\ould find hi- ho^i the lii-t man (ui the 
 bench. 'I Le\ diiiik ev ce->si\ ('! \ , and t he Ll'rea te-f a 1- 
 iVont \ (Ml caiulo t liem i- not lo ;i ledi^i' t htan . 'I'Lcii' l^-.- 
 liv al- la -I w hole da \ -. n;)ne ri-inu' except it be tor e\ a- 
 c nation, till tlie\ be taken up. Thex lie bet w eeii two 
 teather bed-, and u->e no hearth-, but -to\i'-. i heir 
 women are e-ti'emed cha-te, the coldne-- of tlu" 
 count r\ rather inclimnii' them to u"'.>(>d tellow -hip th.m 
 \ enei\ . which ma \ be -ome rea -on \\ h \ t heir couiil r_\ 
 I- mo-t clear o I" the l'"rench jiox . thoULih other- impute 
 ) t lo -ome oc( 111 I (|ualit \ ill the a:r. 
 
 The hr-t canton that di-claimed theimpnx ^n.i-
 
 54 TRAVELS OF 
 
 Zurich. Occasio fuit {ssiyH my 'duthor) mdtgnatio 
 ex CO concepta, quod incolis stipendia qua' sihi d papa 
 Julio aecundo dcheri asserehant, nonfuisscitt uume^ 
 rata. Zuinglio Iratis faces subdentc, amw 1528^ 
 26J(imiar., Missampcrtotumsuumtcrritoriuiiiaho- 
 Jcvcrunl; in ciijus locum Ccenam suhstituerunt. This 
 Zuinglius was a minister,, a great promoter of the 
 opinion of Luther^ at Zurich^ where he was not only 
 allowed their chief as to spirituals^ but also of their 
 army, till he was killed in the field, in the year 1530. 
 I7i Roctid liherum est unicuique f>ro arhilrio vivcre, 
 amongst the Grisons every man enjoys liberty of con- 
 science ; their first revolt from the see of Rome, was 
 aboutone hundred and twenty years since; Paulus, se- 
 cretary to Maximilian the emperor, being bishop of 
 Chur, against whom they rose up in arms, and forced 
 him to sign this article : Quod totie rcgioni Protcs- 
 tantis, Religionis cxercitium pcrmittcret. 
 
 The first endeavours of these converts were to per- 
 suade the people of Valtalina, at that time their sub- 
 jects, to embrace their opinion ; to that purpose 
 erecting schools, and sending ministers for the instruc- 
 tion both of the young and old, which the Valtalinians 
 not approving of. and not openly able to oppose, rose 
 by general consent in one day, and barbarously cut the 
 throats of all the protestants amongst them ; throw- 
 ing themselves upon it into the protection of the 
 governor of Milan, for the Catholic King, to which 
 the Grisons making the French a party, that by this 
 means was shut out of his usual passage into Italy^ 
 made it the ground of a long war; so much easier is 
 it to conqUvr the body than the mind. 
 
 From Tyrano our way lay through the country
 
 SIR .7011 \ RKRKSIiY. 
 
 :)j 
 
 whore 2:ro\vs that cxccllont wiiio of V aU;iliii;i, till we 
 ranio to the last of the Alps, called La liriiia, not so 
 lii<;li as the two former, vet as stcej), and the pa-^xinre 
 withal so slipj)v and narrow, that ue were forced in 
 places to creep upon our hands and knees ; tlii^ took 
 us three hours goini^ up. At the top we foJind a le- 
 \o\ country, the descent hcing scarce perceptible, 
 which brouirht us into Ilah. 
 
 OF 1TAL^ . 
 
 Mi: rcfre-ht il our-clvcs at Kdolo. a little to\\ n, and 
 tli(^ lir^t in flic \ Cnclian ^tate ; in three hours time we 
 i;-ot to our lo(!i;in;is at Codeirolo. 
 
 The next dav wc arrived at lirav. ihrouiih the 
 ino-t danii^erous part for robberies in all our tra\els, 
 \\ here the banditti, or banished ( a more u->ual wav of 
 puiHsliment in Ital v than bv death ) subsist upon the^e 
 slvirtsot' thrcountrN b\ pre\ ini^Uj)on passenji^er.-;. Our 
 ;Li"uide told Us he had been thrice set upon in this place, 
 n<'ver e-capin^- without some of his company either 
 killed or robbed 
 
 Some (l;i \ s be to re uc passed, th(M-ountr\ lu^eabout 
 h.id ris<Mi 1)\ ireneral consent, to suppress near a hun- 
 dred of them in a compan\ ; the\ met at a bridire 
 which the banditti desperatcdy made iifood aii;amst 
 fit'teen times their luimber, till ihev were all either 
 killed or taken, but with i::reat K)ss of thecountrvmen, 
 as the i^^reat (juantit v of blood upon the place made 
 apj)ear. 
 
 From Bray, in five hours, wc arri\e(l at Lonex, 
 situated upon a lake called Lai;(> dlleo, w hen- we lay 
 ill lught. The next day, after ruluiii: tliiitv Italian 
 miles, scarce so lonir as our English ones, we came to
 
 !i& TRAVELS OF 
 
 Bergamo^ in Lombardy^ a handsome large cit}% and 
 well fortified; the town stands on the top of a hill, 
 the suburbs underneath;, beautified with several fair 
 churcheSj especially that of Santa Maria Majorie, 
 where there are landscapes of natural-colouicdwood 
 joined together^ or inlaid^ so done to the life^ that they 
 would pass for painted by some extraordinary hand. 
 This city v/as long subject to the dukes of Milan^ till 
 in the year 1516, it came under the power of the 
 Venetians, as it now continues. 
 
 In tjie next day's journey, of thirty two miles, to 
 Brescia, the warmness of the weatlier and the plea- 
 santness of fliu country convinced us of being arrived 
 at last in Italy. 
 
 The first tvvelve miles was most of it pasture; tlic 
 other twenty, vineyards and arable t'i> ib , . L'uss 
 p/riutea ;n \l\c fu, ^ -at a b? ' ne disiai-ce, suppcrt- 
 ing eaeh cf tiiei.! a, *'.n?^, ,>ii<i!, s/'ver.ing themselves 
 a nong^' fhe i ougiis, lear gii it, quautities of j.uapes, 
 wuhout if,- -cast prejuaicr to the -ri.. 
 
 Among L Other towns we passed by, ere w^ came to 
 Brescia, tlu m st remarkable for its inhjibitai is 
 V '.'"tviijuica, who have generally under their cLins 
 a great tiunour, or swelling, hanging down fron^ their 
 t^ii'cat, which gives a double proportion to the face; 
 the reason of this they impute to the ill v/ater of the 
 cou.xtry, being nothingbut nieUed snow from the hills, 
 which tiicy drink witli their wines. 
 
 Brescia is an ancient city, built ( says Livy ) by the 
 Gauls, V ijjn ilor.;f; w is governed by kings ; it is built 
 with bricK of a round form, watered by a brook 
 ralicd Garcia, or Mella, and though not great in 
 jrseli", scarce three miles in compass, commands a
 
 >iii .TO I IN ur.Ki;sin" 
 
 iVuilfii! territory (if one luiiulred miK > loiiir uiul fiiu 
 1)1. 1(1, 
 
 'I'll'' cattle -laiu!-; on tli(- top of a lii!l. fnccim- 
 I'H-^f;! 'Aith three ;ht(he-, n,aniu\l t)\ tlucr liiMidrcd 
 and i.\i\ >oldier>. v.ltcre Ihc \ (Nietiaii noMinor ir- 
 >lde^, aid i>- s\-. cm not to '^o ont ol" il till another 
 be <ent to relieve hini. 
 
 The he-l church Is that ot' Santa Julia, built bv 
 i )i ,(ierio, kini:" ol" the Lombard-, in ll'.e \ear /.).'); 
 !o !! apj eri lin- a I'ainoii-^ n;ii,ner\, \s liere the -i-ter 
 .'i.il ('..lULLlih r ol' tin -aid kin:r. t n\ o (hi u;i liter- ot the 
 ( nipt rtr Lot:.;', a -i-h i ol" ( liarle- the I'iiird and 
 olhei- ot'ii)\al e,\t raeli'Mi, liaNC retired t !iein-(d \ c-, 
 \ol (.!il\ the neate-t, but l)e-t tempered arm- are 
 made lie,.', of all llaly. 
 
 The da\ rollowici;- we pas.-ed bv llie castle of 
 Pc-eliiera, ih(>nu-ht lo be the centre of tlu' \ Ciietian 
 stal'. and tin on!\ pa><> from all the eountries there- 
 anon Mo v enice. 
 
 ll-'rt ihe\ ocii'an to be \er\ -trict in cxaminin::- our 
 bil'- o*' ' ' lit!'., ' iiK h, a^ the t u-tom idMi'^' - ui time 
 of 1 i ' 'i, we \\ . re now lone;! Ii takt* lV()m tiie 
 < ihcei- of '/ic t(.\Nn-, a^ we pi---eo, to -jiow uht nc 
 we ean" ^^ e la .".lal iii-I'i at Ca-tle No\e three 
 
 mile- -boil (.i" \ eroiia, ^^here \Ne airi\ed llir next 
 morninii' Let ime-. 
 
 ill" ei;\ \ erona Iroin \ era, the name of a once 
 lloiiri-hinL- tamiU there -lamN in a plain, ra'ar ihe 
 mou'il:'in- on the -ouih, .n\(\ i- eonipiited to \)C (wen 
 mih'- about, be-ide- the -uburb-, \\(dl t'orlified b\ the 
 \ eiu Lia.n-. \,itii ba-lion-. bnlwaik, ea-t!e. .ind deep 
 Iiiiiehe-. jiilcv! \" ith water fr(mi the ri\( r \.dn(^ 
 ^N hat ehieli\ ilen(>l( s the anli(juit\ of the cilv i-
 
 58 TRAVELS OF 
 
 the theatre, as also an amphitheatre^, builtj as it iscon- 
 jeeturedj by Augustus;, called by the inhabitants 
 L'Arena, This is the most entire I ever saw ; the 
 outside has in it many squares of marble, several 
 arches and pillars, some Mrought the Doric way, 
 some the Ionic, some the Corinthian, and some mixed. 
 The figureof it is oval, having four and thirty perches 
 in length, and two and twenty in breadth ; it is sur- 
 rounded with tv^o and forty rows of benches, one 
 above another, to receive three and twenty spectators, 
 under which there are several back stairs and doors 
 to pass out or in, without incommoding one another. 
 
 Not far from this are the ruins of a triumphal 
 arch, erected to C. Marius, for conquering the 
 Limbri, near to this city. 
 
 The palaces are many ; the gardens extraordinary, 
 especially that of Signor Augusto Justo, for not 
 only great variety of plants, flowers, and greens, but 
 for volories of birds, grottoes^, fountains, from whence 
 water throws itself by the turning of keys, in the 
 shape of birds and beasts. 
 
 From Verona, we had thirteen miles to Vicenza, a 
 little well-built city, much resembling Bergamo. It 
 stands at the foot of a hill, watered with two rivers, 
 only fortified with walls. There are the ruins of an 
 amphitheatre; the palaces are fair and numerous, the 
 churches are in number seven and fifty, most of them 
 well beautified with modern and antient pictures; 
 there are fourteen of them parish churches^ seven- 
 teen belonging to fraternities, and twelve to nun- 
 neries. It is a bishoprick worth 12,000 ducats per an- 
 num, a great revenue in that country, every ducat 
 being of about the value of our crown sterling.
 
 SIR .loiiN Ki;Ki>in . 
 
 The iTiirclen oi the Sii;iior Coiitcllalinaraiia i^ re- 
 markable lor \\\v ^tateU cedar^, oianL^c and lemon 
 trees it uboiiiuU with. 
 
 This eit\ di lui-icd itMdf iVetdv up into the power 
 of tiie ^tate ol" \ eiuee alter main chanii'es of mu<ter>, 
 al)out the \ear i.S'lO, in consideration of whicli, thev 
 eiijo\ the pri\ lii'ii'e of deeldm^all n.atter^, whether 
 ei\il or criminal. ))\ their own citizen^. 
 
 The teriiter\ Ixlonuniir to thi* cit\ is Jari;(* and 
 Jinitfiil. brmLiinii' \earl\ into the \enetian trea'air\ 
 ciLLht \ thousand (hicat^ 1 1 a tloids excellent w ine^ of 
 \ eral colours and lasto, all ^ort^ of iiraiii and fruits^ 
 low 1 HI abundance, as partiidiie. fram-cdins, or t^ood- 
 \\it>, cocks <f the mountain, a ."-ort ot fowl called 
 tetrioncs, b\ the Labines, or tetrices, a lariic bird 
 not unlike a pheasant, ol a (bdicioiis taste, and pai- 
 ! iciilar to the \ Ips 
 
 l'r(un \ i(( n/.a we armed at Padua No\(Mnl)er l.>, 
 !().)(>. a lariic cit\ , and an iiniversil\ , planted here by 
 I- rcdeiick , tlu' >e(dii(l emperiU', uithe\ear T^'i'i, fur- 
 nished w ith st ud lilts fr(tin ail jiarts oj' |-',u rope, in\ i ted 
 b s t he liber t \ allowed them there, both as to fcdi^ion 
 and other resj)ects. 
 
 The town 1- situated in a laru'e place, enconijiassed 
 with a double wall and (bu'p ditch, wateriHl b\ the 
 n\er Hrenta. and rep:ularl\ fortifii'd after the mo 
 tlerii Use. 
 
 Ihe most reniarkal)b^ |)lace is a lart;'' iiall, eiirlit y- 
 six feet broad, and two liundred and fil"t\-si\ loiij::. 
 without prop or pillar to support the roof. co\ered 
 Mith lead. ( )\ er the four jL::at ess t and t lies tat ues of' lour 
 considerable men ot' this counlr> '> productinii ; one is 
 Hiiantientoneof Titus Li\ius. In the w all l^ hi? tomb,
 
 60 TRAVELS OF 
 
 -with thisepitaph V. F. T. Livius livice, T.F. Quarts 
 L. Italis concordialis, sihi et suis omniln's. 
 
 The schools are ahandsoinepileof buiidii-g, having 
 a square court in the middle^, with docble galleries, 
 supported with great pillais: here the theatre for 
 dissection is very extraordinary. 
 
 The colleges are ten, very poorly endowed ; some 
 of them receive and maintain six scholars with meat, 
 drink, and lodging, and seven ducats to every OLt^ 
 yearly; some colleges more, some less, butthechiefest 
 is called CoUegio Prattense, which hath twenty scho- 
 larships, each of them worth twenty ducats per an- 
 num. 
 
 The sciences most studied in this university are law 
 and phvsic. It is governed by two syndics, annually 
 chosen by the votes of scholars ; one is of the law- 
 yers and other artists, and the oUier of the physicians. 
 Mr. Finch, an Englishman, was syndic at my being 
 there. Under the syndics there are consuls, of which 
 every nation has one. 
 
 In the schools public lectures are read mornings 
 and afternoons, of law, physic, philosophy^ humanity, 
 and frequently of anatomy. Most that pass this way 
 enter themselves of this university for the immunities 
 they enjoy thereby, both here and cl^-e where in the 
 state of Venice. If they have a mind to pass doc- 
 tor, little learning procures it with as little expence, 
 the greatest difficulty to obtain it being the applying 
 for it. 
 
 The great church or cathedral, called El Domo, is 
 a fair structure and well endowed, maintaining 
 twenty-seven canons, sixty priests, besides masters of 
 grammar, music, and other sciences. Here are the
 
 SIK JOHN in:RI>i;v. 
 
 (,\ 
 
 Qiiticnl UK iiiii incuts of I Iciirv th<' I'otirlli, K iiiLi' ()!' P.i- 
 (I ti;i , and (if licrtu, lii^ w ilc. a^ aUo ot l\\ o < .11 d iii;i U. 
 
 Till' cliiircli of Si, \iith)ii\ . of Padiia, !> Lit l<- in- 
 ferior, bciiiii' j)a\('(l Willi poli^licd iiiarbit', and lia\- 
 i 111;- 111 it ^cN era I larirc (lillar^ ol" the -ainc ; within it :ii >' 
 ('\<ii ( liapc 1<, that ot' tlii^ Saint the i::i(atr^t, and 
 beaiitilird witli ('.\c(dl(Mit j)i(tiirr>;, n-pn'-tiilin^ lii-s 
 niira(dt'>, drawn 1)\ the c liictV-t nun in that art. 
 In the midst of" tlii- ( hap( I -taiuU tlic altar, inidcr 
 \' hi( h lie- hishod\. and o\fr it stand seven cxcel- 
 1< Ml -!atut> ot" marhh'. \\roiii:"ht bv the fuinons 
 liti.iM. This Saint died l'i.>l. and was canoiii/.ed b\ 
 drcLioiN the Ninth. si\ years alter. Here are sc_ 
 \eral r( licjiies, as the toiiii-iie and (Inn of thi> Saint ; 
 a rair that the\ tell wa^ dipped in tlie blood of our 
 >a vioiir. -01 ne w ood ot" the true cross, some ol" the hair 
 and milk ()t"o::r Lad\ , with the bones of s(>\f[-alSui lit -i, 
 all whuh are in -iher boxes, oibb-d jmcl curiously 
 car\ ed. 
 
 Beside- the re\enue(d' tliecoiuelit beloni;-iiii;- to 
 this ( liiiiM h, fim Saint himself, tosprak in their own 
 pliia-e\ enji\- a toii-iderahle income, and has :]. 
 liaral dtal id plab' and rich t'liriiit lire, whu li is rc- 
 Uiilaled and lalxcn care ol l>\ the stewards, or s^'x-ii 
 presidents, iisiiallv called the Master- of Saint \\\- 
 tlion\'s C'lu-st. 
 
 'I'll e lie \ t remarkable (dm r(h is that of St , d uslina^ 
 w iicrv the order of >t . Ileiiediet was tii-,| instituted. 
 I his 1- also \\ (d I endftw ed . and aliounds w itji p late and 
 rrlu|Ue>. as ()iiic of St I, likes, ot hers of I'ld-do-i- 
 11!'- a irreaf diM ipliMt'" ^t l*eter's. whocon\erted 
 l*:idiia to ( liri-tianit\ , l)apti/e(l .liistina, that here 
 iit<r,\urds -utlcred marl\ rdom ami other-. 'I"his 1-
 
 62 TRAVELS OF 
 
 the bishop's church. In the church-jard is this epi- 
 taph : 
 
 Adolescens tametsi properas. 
 Hoc te saxum rogat ut se aspicias. 
 Divide quod sciiptum est ; legas. 
 Hie ^uMt poetae Pacuvii sita ossa: 
 Hoc volebani ncsciiis recesses. Vale, 
 
 Besides these, there are several churches, convents, 
 monasteries, and palaces, especially two, the bishop's 
 and the captain's, or prefects of the city, where they 
 sluw choice statues, pictures, and medals. To the 
 captain's there is a cave that leads under ground, 
 which passes under the river. 
 
 Padua, after many changes of fortune, came into 
 the power of the Venetians, 1405, and is now go- 
 Tcrned by a podesta, as other cities are of that state, 
 of vshich 1 may hint more hereafter. 
 
 The season of the year, as well as the danger of 
 travelling, confined me lo this place and Venice 
 till the spring, I staid sometimes at the one, some- 
 times at the other, hoping by that time the pas- 
 sage might be open to Genoa, Rome, Naples, and 
 other places of note, at that time miserably infected 
 with the plague. 
 
 The Description of Venice. 
 
 In .lanuary we first went for Venice, down the 
 river Brcnla to Lizafusina, twenty miles distant from 
 Padua, where that river terminates, in that part of 
 the gulf commonly called the Marshes; thence we 
 rowed to Venice in two hours. 
 
 Not to trouble the reader with a long description 
 of a city so exactly done by others, 1 shall only
 
 SIR JOHN RERFSIJY. 63 
 
 sav, that it stands upon several islands in the Adri- 
 atic Sea, so enlar2:od bv artificial toundalidii-. and 
 joiniHl toi^elher bv bridi^es, that it appear^ no less 
 iiniforni and statelv, than if it had chosen it> situ- 
 ation upon Terra Firma. 
 
 Most of the streets are divided in the middle bv 
 canals; the large>t of which, called Canal (rrande, 
 is in len<::th one thousand three hundred, in breadth 
 forty feet : over this is the bridge Realto, of one 
 arch, which i^ supposed to be the fuiesl in the world ; 
 it co>t in buildinii: t\NO hundred and tiftv thousand 
 diicat^. The leaser streets ha\e chainieN propor- 
 tionable, where \ou and vour goods are speedily 
 conveyed into all parts of the town, in g-iuidoles or 
 boats, havinii; causewa\s on each -ide as ^()U j)a"^s^ 
 and bridires u c\ery street for the convenience of 
 uch a'^ ii(> on foot : boats are the onl\ sort of car- 
 riaue for all things whatsoever that this city aifords^ 
 and of .-^rreater u-e than our coaches or cart<, consi- 
 dering the situation of the lunises, \\hicho[)en to the 
 i\;tter cither tdiward or backv.ard 
 
 The palace^- ot' thi< cilv ;ire numerous and '*tatel\, 
 iiiiilt (! stoiM- of l^tria ; some ot tlu'iu Ikinc couis^ 
 {)V (jUdiiis, (Vr/,(", and pillars ot* marble, Qnoj-mn 
 iniii!:N/Jir('Nli(r i a\s one;, i>)'inti(ti)fin)i aiit nit (Ho- 
 (lis I'nrl una- lioniinuni cifi^liun suptj'ciri liddur. 
 
 'I'hat of the Patriarch^ i> one of tln.')ir-t, w luMe 
 we saw some antient statues ol" tlie R(unan Liod-, 
 as of liacchus, .Mercury. i*alla<, \ enu-. and other-; 
 as also s(nne little couches or l)ed> on w hich the Ro- 
 man-, used to di>cumb, or lie upon, ijnand.' ii ids- 
 ttvhid fiicii Ininf, when they made le,!-!- in their 
 teujj)liis u) honour ol their ii'ocN I pt'u the-** are
 
 61 TRAVELS OF 
 
 engraved certain characters signifying vows made to 
 the god Bellinus, formerly in great veneration among 
 the AquileianSj from whom these were taken^ with 
 many other antiquities^ at the razing of one of their 
 chief cities^ and a Roman colony^ by A ttila^ King 
 of the Hunns, 
 
 The duke's palace^ adjoining to the church of 
 St. Markj is a large square^ with a court in the 
 middle, arched rounds where there are several highly- 
 prized statues^, especially four on the stair-case lead- 
 ing to the gallery^ of Neptune and Mars^ Adam 
 and Eve ; at the further end of the gallery is a large 
 room where the duke and nobles perform matters of 
 ceremony, such as giving audience to ambassadors, 
 and sometimes the election of officers, and the like. 
 
 Here I saw the creation of a procurator of St. 
 Mark, a principal officer in that state, of which 
 there are only nine, everv one being- allowed his 
 palace in the market-place of St. Mark, built of 
 stonCj exquisitely carved at the charge of the state, 
 sixty-six feet high. None used to be admitted to 
 this honour, but such as deserved extraordinarily 
 well of the state, till its poverty, since their wars 
 with the Turks, made it vendible. It was said to 
 cost the person 2(K),CX.'() crowns. The ceremony was 
 thus : the person that was to be created, attended with 
 most of the nobility, passed through the Meneria, 
 some streets in Venice so called, where they sell no- 
 thing but stuffs, gracing the passage witl' hanging 
 out the richest their shops afiord, till he came to 
 the church of St. Mark. 
 
 Here he heard lii.is'^, and then went to attend the 
 duke, whom he found iu the aforesaid great room.
 
 .ji{ JOHN ni:Kr>in' 
 
 *) 
 
 -^iMlcil iiiulcr ;i <'a:i('])\, \'. itii lour pi I'tiiralor' (hi 
 dill' liaiui. ;i!i(l litiir ell tlic otlici. \ i 1 1 r ;i ii'iit 
 -p^t'fli iiiiidc to till- (Iii.'vc \\ licrcui Ik' t'lrj'-i: '^ lii'- 
 i.i;lli 'iiiil -iM'Nicf to the coiuuKMiwcal i li lie ri"C('i\!!l 
 :i lilti- i(v! \ cIn (} j)iir-t' contaiiiini:" :i Iv<'\ , from the 
 <lii!v(. :,i-.J \\il!i lh,i; iii-' ortli r, \\ iiK ;i 'lo;;-', he takc^ 
 ^t'^Hoii Willi liic other riu'.'t of}!!- I'l atcriii i \ . ;;;(! - ) 
 (M)('- the Ciicnit'ii \ . 
 
 I'lOiii tills i-,),)i:i \sr iia--c(l lll^ol;^]l t 'A o In: ;' li'i'l'-. 
 < >' ''oiMf to tl) I i \'. in'ir till- Ti'i t t'oiiiici! i'.i^'.'i -, ( i;;- 
 ^l!'ml^ -r\riit\ liiii-. t'. rl ii! |)ii adlli :;:! ail ii',' :'!l'.";l 
 and Ii I'l \ Ml Ifiiirl 'i. aili'i mil w \:'.\ ('.((! i'"l |'U-i m:;'- oi" 
 tile ir.o-t coiiMUfi <A>\r 'i;u ' ! ' i',; -j,'!; ! -' i i ' ! - icci - . I \- 
 llic -late, a- iiaiiic'.'v. l'...' -* !". .:;(;i:- cm' a! -'';i w itii 
 I- red; I'lcls tlic lii'^t (;. N't'oi', ;;i dii-iha' o! Pi;'.' 
 A lc\ a II dec tile 'i'liii d . \i !:o. ')< \\>i o'i-lcd 1" \ t !:( ci:;- 
 
 I'-l '> 
 
 piTor, ^-.;> ] \' li.i- \i '..\ i'-ii :c,i ic l!;'.' pai 
 
 till' Near j.iTT ; a;, 'ilir;- ,;' ''< w rceaiaie;: o;' ('c;- 
 
 - ' a II i 1 11 o j 1 1 1 1 ( M . 1 d . .-'.( ; I ; !" till' I o : ; - i \'. > a 
 
 man -, ot ';, a-. ! 'or i i ' : i '' i ';> ; a, 
 
 ilic d II :.;'- OS'. .! ., p'l i'l .;i( i; ' -. I ii(" a . \ ; v 
 
 I ' < ' 1 . , 
 
 <l;i!;!.-\ 'iMt a- I;, t!" 
 
 I:,-., ' .! 
 
 I 111- pa laec ; iicss ckn (;;' n. 1 1 1 
 
 ol" l)'a-. i!ia 
 ail upon 1 1 lia \ m j. (m lea. !) aa; r. a I- .i !' > I a ii 1 ii r,' 
 .loiiiliiLi' iinlo it a ' ;!aa,;' -aai i- i'a- (dniT'di r.\ 
 
 Id into o! t ni- (a ; \ . 
 
 Mo-aicvNorL. !m ! .N 
 1 ^. 
 
 1, ,,i , i a It" till- Ix -i pi '.a'- i'( 
 n : lie \'. i.rl 1 a- t 'la p a t -. . ! ' 
 lano aia; " - . i - anan-a hia'ia ' i \ .ai , , : I 
 !"du'\ ( :t !i \ I l.r da'a''! a n oi lli-^ -a -a! ^Iw in a' i > < - 
 ^-ii'di.!!'). an a lido; , 1) 'loia i li('\ w ^ac I'oiai : I '' li :ii . - 
 o!" ..(',.. td\e^^ la' - i^c w 'ladi '!: ^ I d - 'H a;a 
 !;: :a.ji ..dm a! proala- ' - at' t!a' t. ! ' on-
 
 u6 TRAVELS Or 
 
 ccrniiig this state. The walls are of marble^ the pave- 
 ment of small pieces of porphyry^ and \aiious other 
 coloured stones: in it arc thirty-six pillars of polished 
 riiarble^ each of two feet diameter, and the statues of 
 several saijitsso exactly shaped in white marble, that 
 they seem alive. To this church belong four brazen 
 gates. In one of the porches lies a square red stone, 
 on which Alexander the Third put his foot upon the 
 neck of Frederick the emperor, repeating at the same 
 time this verse of the Psalms : Svpci' aspidem ct ba- 
 sil isciini. aiiibidahis, el conculcahis Iconem ct dra- 
 conem. At which the emperor replied, being angry, 
 'Noii ilbi Sid Pcivo : the pope returned, Ei mihi ct 
 Fdro. 
 
 The leliqucs of grcatcsL esteem here arc some of 
 ihc blood of our Saviour, and th.e body of St. Mark. 
 ]uo5!glrL hither by merchants from Alexandria, in 
 tlie year 829. 
 
 'V\\v steeple stands souicthing distant from tlic 
 church, being tvvo hundred and tliirty feet higli, and 
 fortv broad; the ascent of it winding, and so easy, 
 that Ucnry tlie Third of France, is said to have rid 
 iij) to the top on horseback, as lie passed this way from 
 Poland. In an apartment joining to the church is 
 the treasury, of the procurators of St. Mark, contain- 
 ing divers iin;:ges of saints, crowns of massv gold, a 
 sapphire of iiiCredii^Ie size; a hirge diamond, given 
 lh( ni by Uenry the Tliird of France; tvvO white uni- 
 ct)rn's liorns; a hirge urn, all set with precious stones, 
 presented to Ihe repul)lic by a king of Persia, lite 
 ducal cap of great value, and much more. All this is 
 uj)oii the mark<'t-j)lace of Si. Mark, of a good length. 
 Mild uji hundred and twenty feet broati^ surrounded
 
 ii: .f(Mi\ iti:iv'i;-^!n . 
 
 i>7 
 
 v.illi I'lir Ii(n-c- ;i.k1 p;'l:icc^. winch cnr.'i'-ixiMil ciiic 
 : I ;i.i ; I)>M". arclicil. ;in.l (ipcii below h) tln' -lici |. |',)i 
 'ic -I:. 'lit r of ^licll a- \'.al!> lUKh-nicalli [!:;'!ii ii; i!p' 
 ti.iic d' lieat 111' I !l w iM 1 her. 
 
 'I'll is place I- u-iialh. well -turc'.l w : I !i (! i vcr-it v o!' 
 ('()iMi<an\, led ill! !!cr ti! her upon ]>!(:- urc ^i' l)i;-.(;c--. 
 'l"l;' i!< hie \ e'lehai:- lia\ :i pi'ciil !.;; w,:l'. \n fl'e'iu- 
 M'l\c~; 111 tilher r'.".'!*. picr-on- cil' lut a;i ! (j;i;.iil\ 
 -Iiair |-- ami iidcha;! ! -, tVom --eN.-i:;! |);'.|t-t:r l!ie 
 w,)ii.!, h '.\e Iheii'-. a> Tiii'lv^. IVt-i:;ii-. Schnm'; iM-, 
 ( i' la-' 1,. ;> , ;: 111! Jew - ; ;! (i :ic pen", !e ol -o e;:! !i \ i! 1 1 - 
 r I' lit lani:",iaaa'- a;; 1 liahil'-. t!iat il i- a jiil -;irj;.i-e 
 lo -ee -i) imu h ot the w nrhl in -o ii i ; i"' i w ;i place. 
 
 ('ii'ni.ii! ijii / Cnuiw'l . or ihe !",;ia'\'.e!l lo II :! 
 t),'in::- hel w i \ E ( hi a-lina- ami I aait . i- a i ii;ie (!' e\ ! ra - 
 
 Il .; 
 
 (iainiar\ m wl li a'ul pil 1 1 1 \ I (; iopu'!'''^': ' !iai\. aiiiC'- 
 
 p' cl il 1 ', a! \ ec: '.'. w ;i ;c;; i iie\- 'eleiir.ll/ w 1 1 il -1 a;ve 
 
 [ ! ! ' -- lie'eeu ll;< I). i ; ,' i h.iil i a ice ; (<per a- . \'. !: icil 
 I 
 
 all . ir 
 
 rev' III le ! 
 
 hhi - ; l);:l 
 
 \ M ; e' a ii ' \ I r .. I \ Hi -c. a; ~ i i i:i : \\.\ 
 ' ' ; !': - . aiiw >< !; a" - iiar i - . par. ;c ;i !.. i' 'a ! !i , p I : la', 
 ha il IP:; . Ir hhieh 1 leeii \, : i ;; - i i \ . , ! ; i I . !' '^ 
 ;. .. he.- to (leaih ; vn r,^;!i ;-; i:; );i !! 1- ,>!_ > 1) . 
 \'. ;,' riii il. I Ii a.hl lii^- one .ti; ,-.';, i r ai.o li: c'^aei'' - 
 till ihe ce:..Maaa ;- ha \ e not ; ii a ' \ ei'- a i \ lei': t c : - - 
 i.il . h-' \s .1 1 ; ; !)ii I hi! !a-t I ' '. p ,MC i i-e ina; e hi e 
 (ic .. 1 i V I : -iiiiMie ! : u uaa' H' imi ea .a . oi" t'l 'j-ai i> 
 t h, ei i' ('o. . ' I il I <1 r, e;-- ;o;i all ' I a \ - III I he '. . ee'^ l a '. i ,' - 
 chva! e .ei j! hh ai!-'. \v he.e llie -laail '-I a. ! 1- i 
 ha! (. a : i !;, lao-i i:/ I > \ i/,; , (! , ami tiie le )-\ > \ ! i- 
 * ! : ' e, ! (! i e - I ! w (e::i a e\ er '.n e a i' I ia' Iir , ..e- i ii 
 
 I ' h , . if 1- th; e -, Mh '. hoiii |!^e iieai ' h :i;.'e !i hel- , 
 e , !,,'! h'oolf (! anh -anal a
 
 OS TRAVELS OF 
 
 if lately arrived^ ofloring- you letters, which;, if you 
 peruse^ \ou shall ihid snAitty and abusive, but njust 
 not take it ill, ail thinL>'s beiugr pauloried that are done 
 in Carnival, except blows. To n.-'i Vr'i Freiichman^, 
 they ^o frisking to the sound of a ;. i-i^-.r and a pair 
 of tongs, vviih a great liuiny yards of ei.l paj;er of 
 several colours, for ribbons, and brli. for butio.is. 
 
 The Dutchman they represent \%iih a carUunc'icd 
 vizard, a bottle in his hand, and liaif a dozen at his 
 girdle, staggerirg aid sipping at every step. 
 
 One fancy was a pair of horns upon the front of a 
 vizard, with this inscription: llodie mild, eras tibi. 
 Otiiers dance antitjues, vJiCrc Ihcy meet with conve- 
 vient room, dres'^^cd like salvrs, ;i;u's, and savnees, to 
 excellent concerts of n:usjc li. v carrv wit!) them. 
 ^-iome walk wrapped in a sheet, as if new started out 
 of their graves, brir!i>'ing for news that the devil is 
 dead, or the like stuf!". jn chic, you see ahnost as 
 many diflereiit dresses and extravagances as men, as 
 if the folly of this nal ion reserved itself the rest of the 
 year to deboard itself more violeiitlyat that time. 
 
 The last day of Carhivul they gro'v from merry to 
 -lark mad, driving loosebiilh tliieiigh tl.e streets, car- 
 rvingarmsin their disguise (which is only allowed that 
 da}) n)orenoLori(;Usly abusing and often fighting witli 
 those they meet; and tl>e day after, which is Ash- 
 Wcdnesday, fall into the (juite contiary extreme of 
 melancholy and contrition, la} ashes upon their heads, 
 put on sackcloth, go to confession, do penance, and 
 begin an abstinence of forty davs. 
 
 Besides thoseislands wliereon the town itself stands, 
 there are other neighbouring ones, as that of ^lurano, 
 ^> mile distant from Venice, whicii, for stalely build-
 
 >ii{ .u)ii\ in:iii>i{\ 
 
 ,(/ 
 
 iiiu- and iimnlt'T ol" cliiM-c'li'--, appear- aiiotlicr rit\ 
 llcrc tlu' lif^f \ ( iiicf ^I;t--c, aic liiatic, -o uillch 
 esteemed t liriui:j!i;.iil ;!;( w orld. 
 
 Oil f !)<<) I lid s,,l -t;ii.(i> tl|,- 1 -land (it' ^1 . (i ll'Un; \ , 
 
 and ill it !> a l)tMiiiil":il ciiii'tIi (! (licalnl to St , (icoi i:(\ 
 all hmll of .lia l)ic, . ; :; m >[aliic-, [date, and the 
 toiiil)^ >i| c\ era i d n Ivt's . 
 
 I I ere i> aUo a iiMna-<t('r\ ol' IJcii a! ict iiii'*. to \\ liit Ii 
 Ixdixiii' <"\ t r.ioialiiia i"\ ci'iin ciuciu c^ a- to lod;: iiiii"<. 
 oliict'-, li-ardtii-, ,iiid lil.r.uv. 
 
 III \ I'liiccart' r('(d\oi,t'd >-f\ cnlccn lio -!;ital-^, >-!\t\- 
 ^('Vrii pan*li cli ii la !ir, tilts-l'oiir coiiN rn , - ot lih i<, 
 t\'. (lit \-<-i\ iiuniicrK-, fii;lilt'(M oratorio, and -i\ 
 y ( 1 1 o o I > . 
 
 Ill tht'^c (diiir(di('> a IT the ImuIi;'^ of lilt \ -aiiits, one 
 liiindrcd and I'oit \ -tliicc pair ot' or "an , one h iiidicd 
 and -! \ t > -li \ (' -tat tic- ol" iiiarhli , ami t m cut v I !;;-. a' ol" 
 bra--. (M(ct(al l)\ tlu' rcpiio! c ii- riMnni'iuiratiiiii ol' 
 -lull a- iia\ (' -1 ^iial I \ -rr \ cl I'l a i' coii'i! r> . 
 
 Ill the (dnna Ii of M. Luke li- ii.:.a:( ! I'( t(a- \ir- 
 iiii. that obaaaic protaiic jioct , \ni!!i 1 h :- rp: t;; pli . till 
 the 111 (| 11 1-1 tor- took it a \\ a \ , " ' i^iii i.u'i ./(/'//, jhh t u 
 'rif-ci). ijiii (Itct iiKil fl'i^fii II .! Jiiiii'd (li i)ii> : S(',v- 
 ^iiiidosi ilic'/tilii. Ill iio'l cdin i^fi) ." llcrc Arctiii. 
 llic Tuxt'aii [)ocl, Ik-, who all ihc world abii-(al but 
 (rod, and wliv ' he -aid he knew hiin not. 
 
 This (at\ halh 4.)() brid^-c^ of stone, and SO.OOO 
 gimdoles, liaekne\ and other-. 
 
 The ar-(aial of \ caiua' i- \( i\ e\lraordinar\ both 
 f(ir it^ ^truetnre and j)ro\i-ion-. -eaticl at a (atiiK r 
 of the town, -iirroiinded l)\ a ^tronir wall and the 
 -ea bciiiL:- tw o mile- about it . I I ere the \ ha\ e all -oils 
 (.1 arm- oll"cn-i\e and d(d'cii-i\e, both l"or -ea and land
 
 70 TRAVELS OF 
 
 scrvicOj great quantities of {inmuiiillioii, all materials 
 for making and rigging out of all vessels^ whether 
 frieales or <]ailevs, all tools useful to armourers, ii uri- 
 smitljs^ sbip-carpeiiters^ and such like tradesmen^ of 
 whicli 'tis said there arc three hundrc d daily kept at 
 VfOrk bv the state. It is certain they were well pro- 
 Aided Vv'iih all necessaries ; Vvhen once, upon an emer- 
 genc}', it is said, tliey prepared luid rigged forth 
 thirty galleys in ten days time. 
 
 'Ihis city, as some say, was built in the year 3G0, 
 by thfi inhabitants of Aqcilia, IJeraclia, Pasania, 
 and otlicr cities of Lombard v, who being driven from 
 their own houses bv i\ttilus. King of the Ilunns, re- 
 fuged tlieuiselves in this corner of the country, and 
 laid the foLindation of this, since floUiishinii- com- 
 moiiwealih. 
 
 Tiie government is argued to be good and politic 
 from its stability, wiiich never suffered any change 
 from its first institution ; none in Europe being able 
 to boast of tlie like continuance. 
 
 It is, first, partly monarchical, having a duke or 
 superior governor elected out of the nobility, whose 
 auiliority, notwith? tandmg, is so limited and re- 
 ? iraiiud, iljat he can do nothing of public concern 
 vvi'tiiout tlie cons<;nt of the senate, where he lias no 
 more but liis single vote, of equal validity w ith that of 
 others, tlujugh all edicts and decrees pass in his name. 
 
 ^eeondiy, partly aristocratical, things of the great- 
 est mon-.ent being discussed and resohed on by a de- 
 cemvirate, (;r Mu; council of ten, to whom the duke^, 
 iifteen senators, and six councillors, iiYo added, and 
 what is here agreed on is irrevocable. 
 
 Thirdly^, democraticalj in respect of the senate., or
 
 sill .loiiN iirin^uv. :i 
 
 U'laiul roimcil, coii-i-l m::: ol' nbotit two liiiiulrcd ami 
 t \\ cut \ -In r jliM'^iUl- o'l' llic lin')illt\, N'.lio iiiii-t 1 ' 
 I went \ -I'lM' \t'ar> old crc llir\ can be clio^f;! latn 
 llii-i inimbcr. 
 
 Here all (Mnba-Mf- troiii forcMnii jinnc;- arf(l!'!i- 
 \iM"('(l ; lioi'i' ti,('\ rc-oUc iinon j)(ac(' aii.l war, ii!oii 
 rai-i;!i:- ol" moiu^ -. iioiiiidal llicir u't'iicraK. cIuiOM- 
 tliiii' :!iiilKi--!(lor- ami otlur public ollicci-. 
 
 i hr Ilia nil. r of cli'chon i- tin- : - 'Aw pripicc. -calrt! 
 oil 111- tn!)im,!i. Ill 111- lineal rob;'-. \'.;tb t!ir iiobilii- 
 iboiit bull, il, c!i:M;cclioi- !li-~t c\boi"l^ tboiii t;> nnL'' 
 < lioicc <il" lii ( Ikcc!-. and tiuii ii:Mnin;i!c- tb;- lir-' 
 comnctilor or -uilor; I > (\tn'i -- tb;'ii aili)wa!H''' or 
 rclii-at or\\boi;i. IIicn j-iil 'Ticli oi" lli'.'in a littio ball 
 iiilo a l)o.\ , broULJit to I liiin l)\ bo\ - I'or tlia! piirjio-c ; 
 \\]c ii!-i(Ic ol' one bci :._ N. iiib'. ! be olb( ; a'i <'oi', but so 
 coi)i!i\('(l Ibal no,i(> !>ut (bo pci-ou- liiat put tbcm in 
 ! i:o\\ wiiiro tji(\ Till, \.!ifri-b\ llic o-ppo-c; - a\oiil 
 ailcii\\. It", upon ojicu'uii:' th,' bo\, mo- 1 ba i 1- be 
 found 111 liw wbiii- di'. i-;oii, J, il'n: > (.m.fi'i! --if- 
 t'. ij; I, bi' ( :ii"ri( s !!;' p.lacc: il ui !bi' l'itcu, i ' i. 
 \ ui'd ;i::au;-! bun, and 1 Inai t !: jiroccc/i t^ I In- n- \ t 
 'i"br\ b:i',!' one laud :d)I'.' r; :i'. n.-'Ncr io r( p ( I a 
 
 01 Ml for bi' p;)\tMt\, p!'.\ub;l b;' bi' a :'..d)!;' , ( i'.t'- 
 
 fnin. and base part-, but lallui" ( boo-c -ucb ir.! i 
 ])lac<'- of j)i(dit. wliudi arc \ tx \:a\' in ibal -laic. 
 1)\ rca-on ot' ibc few la\c- bud iipoii tiscpcojile, IIk 
 -mall -li|)cnd< alIo\\('d In oliicci-. and ibic uTcat 
 (diari:-!'^ tbc\ arc at, \\bi(b, ii-iiai!' d(iVa\c(lonl 
 ot liunr own c-t ale-, pro\ c- I lie r il ui o i' IIk i r i';i ni! e,e . 
 <it tliiir (liikc- a-\v(dl a- olbcr-, w bo-c re\(:;uc i- 
 ' ''It tort\ tb(tii-and dneal- liami tbc j)iiblie lr i-ni'.. 
 s bi' iro, r.i'jicnt kA' oilier ciiiC- -ii!i<'(l lo tni
 
 '2 TRAVKLS 01 
 
 fetaie of VruicC;, differs according to Ihe inannrr of 
 their acquisition: such as render ihemschcs vvithoiit 
 blows, a5 Vicen/a, enjoying immunities which others 
 do not^ as beiiig allowed councils of their own citi- 
 zens^ officers of their own chusing, and the trial of 
 all matters whether civil or crirninal, by tl'pmsclveSj 
 the signer podesta, or governor, Laviiig no more 
 than his single vote, as the rest of the council have. 
 
 In other pkices^ though they are sometinies al- 
 lowed their own councillors and oEicevs ; yet, they 
 have no dctern?,inative power, but must appeal to the 
 podestn, who coniirnis or disallows, as he thinks fit. 
 
 The podestas are chosen out of tl^e nobility of Ve- 
 nice;, by the grand council, and sent to the several 
 governments belonging to the stale, to v.horn cap- 
 tains or prefects are joined ; in some places they 
 usually continue their charge a whole year. 
 
 The noble Venetians wear one sort of habit within 
 the town, a long black gown w ith large sleeves, girt 
 close to the waist, and a woven cap of the same ccdour, 
 \vhich they rather lay upon their heads than put on. 
 
 None used to be admitted into tlie number of ihe 
 Veiu lian nobility but foreign piinces, as Henry tlie 
 11' in! of France, and otlier^, or such ns had done 
 :^(-!i;(; considerable piece <;!' ^rivi'-e ior !h> country, 
 till the great < hnrge liie stale haih been at in their 
 late \\ars with ihe Turks, made it mercenary, having 
 ca!i;c.'l it to be sold of late, and at ilie rate of near 
 anhuiiiheu [housand crowns. 
 
 in tl'.e brcginnmg of Marcli, MVMi, arrived an 
 ambassador extraordinary from IMuscovy, who had 
 a very splendid reception, being the first ever sent 
 /Voiu that prince to the state of V cnico
 
 About till' -;!ii!(' \[\\u- the JcNiiih vcr.- r.-rulli-tl . 
 and i\ 'torcd to t'mli ((dlcirc-. ['[-om wlui.c.' tlu'\ 
 li;!(! hcci! Itiiii-'iit (1 t";>r lia\iiii:' I/'.i-ird tlitin!'l v r, too 
 iiiiicli l'orin:".l\ IP. >l .1 (i- all:in>. ! caiiiiol licrcoinil 
 nu'iilioinnLi" llic cc i i'iiioiiic" \\ Iu'Icnn it !i tlic \ ciirtiaii- 
 cud Lent. 
 
 Till- 'riiiir<da\ hctorc d'ood I'lidav ;i iii'iicral pro- 
 t'c-'-ion wa- niadr tliroti^h ^-cNcral part- of [\\c cit\. 
 c-pt'ciall \ St M aik 'v place : fi\ c liuiulrcd pc;-oiis all 
 lii wliitr, li'd the \aii. \\ \\\\ liulilcd lorclu'- in llrir 
 iia:;d-. tollnw m^- oiu' aiiotluT in order; at'ter tlie-c 
 v'ame -I \ pei-oIl^, theii lace- ina^lvi (1 . l)Ut I hiir bodie- 
 hare iVoin tlieir lii|) iij)\\ar(U, >cou rij:,iiiL:,- their own 
 haelv-^ w illi \\ liip-^, w ilh iron at the end- ol' t lie la-Iie<, 
 like t lie ro'A el- ol^ a '"pnr. till tliev hied, in obedience 
 to their ( o.ii". --;or >, vho l"or i-onie iv'^md crime jiac! 
 eiij'tined iheni thi- -r\ ere pciiajice ; l;,(^-e \\ere fol- 
 lowed h\ i!ie ehiirchinen. ;ind lhe\ 1)\ an nihnite nuin- 
 her ol" oihei'-, (ill !i:i\ni2" i;'i>ne ihi' riiip.d. iiie\ cani'^ 
 into St . Mar! '- ( hi!. ( h , :wa\ t'< II dow n one a tier ano- 
 ther het'oT'' t!)!' blood o! o ;; r Sa \ lou i', which \\\c\ he- 
 i:e\e to h ;\e been nHr:M n loii-l \ j)re-er\ed lieic e\er 
 Miiee hi- pa--ion ; and -o wei'.l their wa\ 
 
 'I'iie ne\t (1:!\ beini-; (ioi)d |-'nda\. the diike, with 
 the Lirea'i 1 |/ari oi i he nobilit ^ . :M i he a 1 lernoon wci; i 
 Ml pro( ''--ion roniid !';: place ei "*(. Mark, tlnai to 
 vc-pei'' in M. Mark- ch lire!) . w liu !i coni inii.d 'ill the 
 hour the\ IndieNc our "^aNioiir -utlered, when all tl'e 
 candle-, t(n( he-, and lamp- leim: j)ut out. to li^ure 
 the clip-e ol' I he -un w h ich t iieii Inippened t he t rier-, 
 L\ strikim:' a;iain-t ihe benclie- ruid -eal- wilh ham- 
 n>er<. make a hidemi- and diunal luu-e, in -imilitud(; 
 '!' the earlh(|iKi!ve. ;uid the lendliiLl' ut th<' lem{)le in
 
 71 TRAVELS OF 
 
 twain ; wliicli done, a deep silence gave them leave to 
 fall to their prayers; which done, they departed. 
 
 April the 7th, 1657, I left Venice, to go for Flo- 
 rence, which had all this time continued clear from 
 the iiifection. 
 
 The first day I came to Padua, where I took horses 
 and a guide to Ferrara. In our way we lay the first 
 night at Ringe, a little town, wellbuilt, subject to the 
 Venetians, and hath in it a church dedicated to our 
 Lady, little inferior for its bigness to any in Italy. 
 
 Seven miles from Ilinge we left the territory of Ve- 
 nice and entered that of the pope ; six miles beyond 
 that we passed the river Padus or Po, and in one more 
 came to Ferrara. Though this city be not altogether 
 so antient as others of Italy, not having been built 
 above eight hundred years, it is esteemed one of the 
 prime ones in the pope's dominions, both for its riches 
 and strength. Its first growth was under the Mar- 
 quis of Este, a potent family of this city, under whom 
 it was erected into a duchy, some two hundred years 
 ago, and so continued till the masculine line failing, 
 it became subject to Pope Clement the Eighth, in the 
 year 1598. It has an university, but a mean one, 
 planted by Frederick, the second emperor, in oppo- 
 sition Bologna. 
 
 The me;nastcry Delia Certosa ncl Harco, is very re- 
 markable, being a sumptuous building, built at the 
 great charge of JJorsodel Este, Marquis of Ferrara, 
 whose body lies buried in the domo or cathedral. 
 
 On the left hand as you enter the choir of the same 
 rhurch, lies interred Urban, the third pope, under a 
 mean monument. 
 
 The next day my comrade and self took post for
 
 SIR .roii.N in:Rr>ij\. ;, 
 
 I'oloa'iia. tliirt \ miles distant IVdiii I'tMiara, li(H)iiiiil)\ 
 that iiu ails to airi\c the it carU 'ii()iii;Ii to take a \ icw 
 of iht' touii the s;ii,i,' (la\, but \\<'rc di^appon.lt d by 
 i lie l)a(liM'>> olutir lior-cs, w huh |)n)M'(l -in li jaili^^ 
 a- Italian Ikum-v [j^ciicrall n do. that \s c had miuh 
 ado to pcrl'oriu l\so -t;iM-(-, >(> (hai w,- wcro i'mcc'l 
 I ) lie at St. (icoriic a Niliaii:- ten iiulcs short ol" J>o- 
 lo^-nu. 
 
 IhiMicxl da\ , lliidiui!," tli:i t w a\ ol'tr;i \ ell i:i2' ncithci 
 iti'olitaMe itorc\[)cdi I mils, we ciKifa \ on n-d to pidcur 
 i ;m !-,;i('\ hoi-c- t( IJolnana. h'.;! (oiiid not. thcpo-t- 
 in;t-t(i" as-iiriii;^" lis that iioiic diii'-l Huii' riiiiu-h ii- 
 \\ I t!i an \ com fine;; '( ol" t ra \ cIIiiil:' hii t Iiiuim 1 i , the 
 ! iistoiii lit those pari- hiip(t-iii<.v on tlio-e who eoii'.e 
 po-t on a p)Urne\ to u'l' post ; ; and so I'liini-hed n- w ith 
 lior-e-. thai in three hours tune, with much ado, 
 brouiidit Us to IJoloi^iia. 
 
 l(doaiia was the capital >{ t\s(d\(' ( il i< - w hi< h the 
 I"u-c,iii- were oiiee ma-ler-; ol. l)e\oiid the Ajipenme 
 iiiounlain-. all \^ ho Ii hnnj- -aclxed t)\ I Me ( .' i uN. Awd 
 I he (i a lii- a ! teiw ai(U i'\pe! led l)\ the IJoin.in-, this 
 < . f \ \\ a made a ( idoii \ , I h r<'e t !i(ii>-aiui li 1 1 iiaiis h( ui:-- 
 ^! al :i! one tniie !( mhahit il. Alt' r thi~ it iKcanie 
 iil)|.(t lo the ( i leeiaiis and lamih ii"(U. till at la-i 
 i;duri(i lo -IK II -la\ TV . under 1 he la el nni <.t" I /in: he r- 
 ti//i and (ieiiiii'i, it put il-ell" inlo tac pioteelion 
 ol" the pope, and alleiNNJird- under thai ol other 
 nia-ler-, iVoai n\ hoai it -I'on re\(dled auaiii to the 
 pope, and -o ha-> eontiiiued e\er -uic'. 
 
 liolo:;iM I- -./at I'd near the \[;i)iMMiie nuMint nn-, iii 
 ' ;!( i;i:.l-i oi' \ la I ', mil i.i , w a hi ed t)\ I h'- i i \ > i I! mo. 
 1' h:.- I \s el s > :.' ale-. I- t \\ o ni 1 1. - h '11,"-. oi ,, h i 'i <1 , iiid 
 ' " in i'(;mp..~- well I'm lo died w il!i al 1 -.i ; - "I pi o\ i
 
 76 TRAVELS OF 
 
 sions^ ^vlience it is proverbially called Bologna grassa, 
 fat Bologna. 
 
 Amongst other fruits, thej most brag bere of their 
 olives, as large and sweet as those of Spain. Here 
 they drive a great trade in making all sorts of silks^ 
 velvets, satins especially. 
 
 The town is well built, adorned with 179 churches, 
 great palaces, and generally good houses of stone, all 
 arched to the street, for the shelter of such as walk 
 there in ill weather. In the midst of the town stands 
 a well \\roiight fountain of marble, and in a place 
 not far from it a very high tower; by that another, 
 which stands so leaning from the foundation, that the 
 top overhangs the foot on one side some yards, by the 
 gkilful contrivance of the architect. 
 
 The principal church is that cf Saint Peter, adjoin- 
 ing to thebishop's palace, where are the monuments of 
 .several cardinals, bishops, and persons of great quality. 
 
 This church has exquisite pictures, statues, re- 
 liques, and plate, both of silver and gold. 
 
 Secondly That of Petronio, titular saint of the 
 city, of an extraordinary size, where Charles the Fifth 
 was confirmed emperor, and received the crown of 
 thorns from Clement the Seventh. 
 
 Thirdly That bclongijig to the monastery of St. 
 Katherine, where thi? she-saint lies buried, whose 
 nails of her feet and hands they assert to grow to this 
 day, as if she was living. 
 
 Fourthly That belonging to the rich and famous 
 convent of the Dominicans, where St. Dominick him- 
 self lies buried, the shrine encompassing him beauti- 
 (ied with three hundred several pictures. 
 
 Here they show you a thorn, which they tell you
 
 Sll{ JOHN iu-iii>fn . 
 
 ^\;i-; (tfl the crovMi ol" IImmun \\(irn li\ (Uii- >;isi(iiir; 
 flic ( M(! 'I'cotiiiiUMit , writtrii 111 l!( !)rr\s 1)\ thr jno- 
 plitt !->ilr;i-. Ill white Icillicr; llic i.Kiiiuiiicnt ( i' St. 
 I*ati"i:irc. that m-titutci! thcorch-r (d'prc aclimLi- tV.rr- ; 
 and of a kiiiu' ot" Saidiiiia Tlii^ ((un cut i^ hiiill al l< i- 
 the iiiodt in ii-c. and one -il'lhe tir.e^t i;i ItaU, atl'ord- 
 uiir aceoniiiiodatKin- t'> (m:c hundred and lil"t\ tVicr*. 
 
 The iini\ er-it \ w a pl.mt cd in llii^ eil \ h v the |-'in- 
 peror 'rhe(idicia>, in tlic \ear \"l), hut a t'tcr\\ ard'^ 
 niiK !i amp li tied h\ tlic lvnp<Toi- ( 'aitdn- M aunt: - and 
 Lutano. I "he t'ahric {>{ !h -, liool- ( \t . , d- tho^c nl' 
 Padua. 'The ((tHcLie"' are not main, hut thcic are 
 three })C(Miliar to torci;^ner>, one I'or >painard-, aint- 
 tii(T tor l*iamontei-*, ami one tor -traiiiicr-, ot" what 
 (oiiiitr\ '^oever. 
 
 A zone, w ritinir of t hi^ iin'n er-^if \ . sa\ - -- Lrzrdiuiii 
 \ti!(!ii)nnii Dimnifchi'iui tt i: nit lln:": i,t ; and anotlicr 
 ealU it M.ihr ^t nd'hir in\i . wliicli aLj'ree- with the 
 j-ro\ erh- f]nniinij ilnct I . 
 
 The ( hid' ~ I II die- here arc t he cin il hiw and di\ \i.\\ \ 
 
 I la\ ii!l:" *pcnt one (hi \ in tak in::' a \ ic/. i<{ t hi- ci t \ , 
 ! \vciit the next atteriiooii \\it!i ilic procal//iu ioi 
 I'hircnce. the ti-iial <'ondii( lor ut' pa^-L '.ej' r- h 't".^ i\t 
 IJido^'na and th.at phi( e. 
 
 In t'ir fir- 1 ciu'ht mih-- \-. epa--(al Iw en! \ 'e\ eial !il ; !e 
 l)r(iol>>(ii n \ 1! !c, > (HI hor-vd)a k Tl:c!!c\f inornin;: 
 We h'-',i:i to ( limh llie Vppeiiine liilU hi'.t eai'ie o' 
 none eon^ii.. 1 al)h' 111! tin- attcrnoon w !ii-n '.\:' mj- ;' 
 th" mo-..: , i!!i .loco \\ hcri' we met witli -o nvi J 
 ^loian that wc were t'^Mced [n aliiidit In c- -ape hi .n/ 
 hlow n t roiii our h.or-c- Wewcni t!i,,f,' \ li.i .md 
 t!iirl\ Hide-. ai;l llie ri''\f 1 v. e 1 \ e I,) I"..:, w orua 
 I coiitmued eau-e\'>a\ al! i-\ri |!ir-. I.i!'
 
 78 TRAVELS OF 
 
 Florence is situated in a large fruitful valley^ \va 
 tered by the river Arno^ over which are four great 
 bridges in several parts of the city. It is five miles 
 rounds and has eight gates. 
 
 After we had entered^ which was not without diffi- 
 culty, till they knev/ wlience we came, and had passed 
 through several spacious and well built streets, I be- 
 gan to think it no compliment of the Vetjotian ambas- 
 sador's to the Great Duke, when he told him that it 
 was a city never to be shown but on festival days. 
 
 The government of this city has often changed, 
 sometimes having been subject to the emperor, then to 
 a senateof a hundred fathers, or grave persons, then by 
 ten of the chief citizens elected from among the rest; 
 but none of these were lasting, by reason of continual 
 jarrings betwixt the gentlemen and the burghers^ 
 and sometimes betwixt the gentlemen themselves, as 
 the white and the black factions, (Guelfi and Ge- 
 bellini, and others), till at length the chief of the fa- 
 mily of the Medici, being riclier than the rest, had so 
 manvof the chief citizens his creditors, that for ]Kirt 
 of payment they were forced to allow him a superi- 
 ority over them, which he practised with iireat mode- 
 ration, never accepting of an} title, tliougli ilic wliole 
 management of business was reuMit'd to him, T'iis 
 was Cosmus de Medici, to whom succeeded Alexan- 
 der, who, (having got Pope Clcmenf llie Seventh 
 for his relation, and the bastard of the En:peror 
 Charles t!ie Fifth to wife) obtained the title of tlie 
 Grand Duke of Tuscany iVom tlu^ ( liiperor, hiil w:js 
 soon afterwards murdeicdby his cousin, under pre- 
 tence of zeal to restore liberty to his eountrv. 
 
 Cosmus the First succeeded iiim in the ducliv;
 
 SIR JOHN i{i:iii>i{v 
 
 70 
 
 ! r;ui(i>cii";, tho next, uiiirrioil a Nt'iicliaii (lani(>, w li(. 
 Id KNcniic lii-r aiiii"*'!' <'oiicci\ (1 ;ii:aiii>t I'cnlinaiul dc 
 M('(!k i, lur iiii-baiur-' hrotluT. iiilciult'd to poi-on lnm 
 \\ illi a (li-li (>riiu'at. \s liicli 1)\ iiH-lal\(.' bciiii:,' earned 
 fo lu r liti-!)aiiil. oi'ca-iontal hi^ dcalli, and alU rwards 
 her own, ratiiii!: \\ iH\illN of the -ami', \s lifii iiironncd 
 nl' tlic accidriit . 
 
 I't-rdmaiid, in-^U-ad of a to;nl), ])\ tlii-^ iiu'aii< oh- 
 taiiiiul a lliioia-. and \\ i'.- -lircci'dcd hv (\>-mii- tin; 
 >('('(Mid, laliiei" to tl'.c i>ic-t"iif l)ii!vi' I'l'idiiiand tin; 
 Srcoiid . 
 
 Tin- j)alact's arc iiniiicrou- ; the lir-l a: id be- 1 i- t Iiat 
 nl' tilt; (iraiid I)ulv(\ built bvoiir l\-llv, a biiri;!i(r (d' 
 I'lornica'. to oiitv le one S( ro//.;. :!!!(il!.'i- \\'M![h\ ci- 
 li/<'ii. who hail bct'oi^' crt'ctcd ihc tluai hr t m th(} 
 to-.-.n, but -0 iiit'.Tior lo l!ii . that i!. iiMudh' court 
 \\ oiih! coiitam the othiiT ji.'Jacc. and il ' w ir;di)\-. - (.air\ 
 piatport ion 1^) llic (!o(!i> of I hat nl' s; ; , //i. I>iit the 
 t'ointdrr i:;!ninr hi!n-;dl' !), -im'i a \ a- ! ox pence, wa-^ 
 loi'ccd. \\ hen linido'd.. 1(1 -tdl i 1 to tlic (i rca I I;iil,c'i 
 pre(b'ce--oi"-, \\ho-!n(c b\ eidai!,.:;^' i! at b,.lii end*. 
 li:!\e ((itai'd'. uiub' .1 the hnc-f in !',i: r(i;ie. '1 he 
 i.iit-ide I- ol' ["ree-toiic. \\ id il;; 1. 1 ait'i' I h;' ' i ;: -'an 
 inanncr ; I ii-' - loiic- ol' a sa-l -r/e ; ll'.i- t'lorl ol' tlic 
 liou-c I- three hundred pace- h)n^\ On oi:e -;de </ 
 the conri Ic- a -(j'i.mc heid-tone !'ei;r \ ;r(!- abm;'. 
 e\er\ \'. a\ ; on the (it tier --i ',: a hir^c i'loiniiin, we:! 
 -lored \s it !i ii-li. 
 
 The lir-l -t()r\ , hi -i;'t -olh, i -. I::: I li I' , I'l" e'ei [' < ::i 
 < lianiber- on a lloor. .;i a iil ! I !i:ie, ..- !; i ; : - i , ; : 
 nar\ h:: il-, (!ie d i'- , pe ij- -. i:\-; e! ! 'p e; ( ." 
 nollu-r. I'; i \ ;.;i I < 1 
 
 ''i'- hi i , 111:;.;, ]< ', :, :
 
 so TRAVELS 01 
 
 of the liousC;, of three hundred paccS;, before men- 
 tioned. 
 
 The furniture was but ordinary ; the season besfin- 
 ning- to grow hot^, the walls were but either covered 
 withsarsnet^ or bare. Tiie guardrobe was well pro- 
 \'ided with rich furniture ; the hg,ngings for one apart- 
 ment were wrought in pearls ; the beds^ chairs^ and 
 stools embroidered with gold drawn into small wire. 
 These cost five hundred thousand crowns; all the pic- 
 tures in the house^ but especially those in the upper 
 roomS;, are of great value^ drawn by hands of the 
 most knowing men in that art of all ages. 
 
 The statues are both excellent and numerous^ many 
 of them made by Michael Angelo^. the most famous 
 of our modern carvers. 
 
 The lower rooms, all wrought willi moi'aic^ arc 
 very spacious; and so cool^ by reason of the holes in 
 the floors^ through which the air breathes out of the 
 caves below, that the Great Duke makes choice of 
 them in the greatest heats for \{\r apartments. 
 
 In somebye-chambers we saw several mathematical 
 devices; one demonsLroling the perpetual motion, 
 another, that eiil'ier by lasul or sea, if vou see the fire 
 of a cannon, cr hear tlie report, and desire to Imow at 
 what distance it is ftom (;}, it infallibly sliows it, as 
 they say, to a qii-srler of a mile, by tiie knocking of a 
 leaden plummet, iaste.ned by a string against the 
 wood ((f tie insirumciit; vvitli manv others. 
 
 The gardens on iiic left IkukI are inclosed from tlie 
 rest, where grow all * orts of llowers according to the 
 season. 
 
 At the two ends are tvvo giotto- or aqueducts, the 
 V ater springing out al several pipes at once
 
 sl!J JOHN l{i;iiI>l)N 
 
 O:! iMKitlicr ^'a\c I- :i mi)iiiif, Irdiii \sli nee. wit!. in 
 5 li-' ( (Miipa'^ ot'llii- laiu'c Lljaiilcii, appear lull-. \ aili \ -, 
 s.alk-. (>|M'ii aiul coMTCtl. 1 oliiit a iiis. \\ a Irr w oi k* 
 ra-!ii!^- Up -Ircain- iiilo tlu- air in ^-cNcral -liapr- 
 :irii\f-. mai/c-, w itdiM iit--f-, Iicdm- dt" in\i'tK'aiui 
 <\prc->. Iiinoii and oraiiLL'c tree-, and all -imI' dl 
 Uit'cn^. 
 
 r'roin the dulvi - palace i> a -e(Mel pa-^au'e or^il- 
 ler\ . ot lialla mile loiii;-. winch hi inL;' \(>ii li i'l- 
 la/./i) \ ectliii), iti the ()ld I'alace, >( called hecaii^e 
 therein all the ceii-n ! t atmn- and a>-enil)lie> \Nere 
 iiiade whiUt |-'ioreiiee contiiuied a c(inii:i"n\' ea I i !i . 
 I he 1 1' we -aw ma n \ *paci(n-< room-, in (H(M>t" \\ liudi 
 i> kept the diike\ plate. c(nitained in lw(d\e lar:;-- 
 iij)l)(iar(!^ ; there i- one M'rs ice oi" ina--\ ^idd ; a 
 -addle <ii\cn h\ th-- I'nnperor to thed'rcal Duke, all 
 eir.l)!di(Iered w.'Ii [i-arU ;i;ui dianuMid-- ; rich i'lirk- 
 e- h -addle>. l!ie -liirii''> ot' ina--\ iXiAd ; Tiiilvish 
 ki;i\e- 'M" L^-re,!l \a!ii(' ior their hra\(r\ ni '!"iirke\ 
 ( on-i-;- imi( h II! a piir ot lieh kni\t In ar.oiher 
 
 iMd^n \s a- t lie ,i ! la r in inakmu ; which, w hen tiiii-hi ,i 
 i- ml iided tor .'^aint Lawrence- ( hapc 1 ; il i- all 
 1 o\ eit (! Willi -e\ era 1 coloiii cd -I one- ot' <ii ; a t \ a 1 lie 
 inlaid with plate- o! i^ohl a- hroail a- a ina;i - l"i,ii' ci' 
 \s;th t'air cr\.>.tal pillar-. In the n.ivld le i- rtj)r('- 
 vented (iiii-t and t!;e l\->(dvc apo-lh'- a! ilie pa 
 i>\i\- li I- not !ii!i-!ied i)\ iiiiiih, a;id tlu" ( hai; 
 ot'wii;;! I- dene i- -aid to antonn! t( liire,' inillii i.- 
 il \ on ht lie\ e t llei.i 
 
 'I 111- palace adjoin- lo ||u> duke - a'allei\. -o I i 
 niou- ioi the collei tioii ot all rarilie- th.i! eitliei 111-' 
 "I h.- nrei'-.'ce--(ei- ii,teie-t or t I'ea -U le co 1 1 1 d (il<j-
 
 S2 TRAVELS OF 
 
 cure ; it is supported on great pillars of stone ; un- 
 derneath are the courts of justice. 
 
 In the gallery hang the pictures of the most fa- 
 mous princes, both of Europe and other parts of 
 the world ; there are many old Roman statues, and 
 one of Cupidj in touchstone. 
 
 In the first room joining to the gallery is a table of 
 paragona, or touchstone, inlaid with precious stones 
 of all colours, representing divers sorts of flies, birds^ 
 and flowers, to the life, valued at five thousand 
 crowns : an amber candlestick with large branches 
 of coral, as it grows naturally ; a cupboard of divers 
 things turned in ivory, by the most knowing of that 
 art in Germany ; a fine landscape, in needlework ; 
 with divers other pictures and landscapes, and little 
 statues, carved in a black sort of stone, and of hi- 
 deous shape, which were heatlienish idols. 
 
 The second room, as the former, hung with land- 
 scapes, and other pictures of value, affords you a 
 ?^ight of two pillars on each side the door, of orien- 
 tal transparent marble ; a table, in which is the 
 draught of the town of Leghorn, in precious stones, 
 ships and galleys in the haven, which cost twelve 
 thousand crowns; an ebony cabinet beset with jewels. 
 In the third are a couple of globes, of a greater 
 circumference than an ordinary mill-stone ; the sta- 
 tues of the twelve Cfrsars, in a fine carved wooden 
 frame. 
 
 The fourth, besides many little statues and pic- 
 tures, different from those of the former rooms, has 
 a table, made by the present Duke, of touchstone, 
 set with rubies, emeralds, pearls, and some dia -
 
 sii{ JOHN ij!:[n:>i5v 
 
 niotid-, joined tni:,ellii'r to rcprrvcnt llowcrs and 
 hird->. ill tlicii- natural ( olours ; it i- cslciMncd worlli 
 one liimdrcd llH)ll^and crowns; most inconiMai able 
 >tatii('^ of men and other crcatmc^, in l)ra>', \sitli 
 an I'rtilicial rock of ujotlier of pearl ; a mans iicad, 
 cut out in a 'I'urkev ^toue ; a nail, hall' ol" if con- 
 verted out ol' iron into j^old bv the j)!iilo>oj)lier s 
 *"tone ; a cabinet ol' thorn, covered willi annate*;, 
 enierald. and a;neth v^-t-;, within it the j)a-ion of 
 our Si\M)ur, and the tu(d\ e apo^tle^. i> e\e( llentK 
 liiiured HI \tllo\\ anil w lute aynber ; it c;!>t fuo hun- 
 dred thousand crow n ^ ; two cupboar(U ol" ail ^(rts of 
 i:la>>;es and aiiate cup>, inlaid with j^old ; in line, 
 the whole room is vahud at 1\no millitn< o!" ro\'. n- 
 
 In the fifth room is the armourv of the (iirat 
 Duke, where are all de-criptions oj' arms lor men 
 and horse, riehU i:ilt, a^ well tlio-e in u^e ainonut 
 u- as other natiiin>, both now and in former a^^'e- 
 There \()U >ee TiMki-h dart-, tarii"e|->. rich >!'\ine- 
 tar^' and kni\es, with all tiieir w ailike e\iiiij;:!;j:-e t'oi 
 ihem-eKes and lior-es ; Jhimiibal - l!e:Mlo:ece, weii' h- 
 ini;- but -e\en pound-, and vet in(i-k( ! ]h oof ; '(i 
 made of ('orintliiaii bra--; ( hai leeiaL'ue'- -".-.ord 
 the K iiiii; of ( hiiia "s \cst : a -carlet l^ow n otpai rot - 
 feather-, worn b\ tlie xnoiiku of oiialilv in hu'ia . 
 two -eeptre- of an'aie . Turki h and I'erMan '-w o;i!-. 
 with pi-t(iU in the hilt< ; a!i Italian Im k liic ^Uia 
 ol'a lior-e, pre-enlcd t( the (ireaf DjIic b\ tin- [);',. 
 ol Loraine ; his mane i- there \e( [o !)e -e. n (>;'l!n< 
 ells and a half lonir ; ;i load-ione. which take- i ) 
 ^ivtv jiound- of iron, and a leiii:- fow linLr;! i'ee, eu- 
 viou-l\ ciirved, the barrel of ^-.dd. 
 
 A^ llal\ j;as produced nu^re L tue,\ ;,.. iii(;i i.i '.!;
 
 Si TRAVELS OF 
 
 arts ot arcliitcctuic, carvirir in stone and wood, 
 and limning, than other na':icns ; so thore is no city 
 hath fio mueh abonndtd with them as Fh)rence, 
 where artigls, to gratify their fonnjirfss, have each 
 of the:n beauiifsed her with some extraordinary piece 
 or oth.er^ wlienec she is called Fiorenza BeHa^ or 
 Beautiful Florence. 
 
 This appears both in her |)alaces and churches, 
 principally in that of Santa Maria^ di jiorc, the ca- 
 thedral, a vast cliiivch, the outside all of marble, 
 the cupulo or lanthoin, v/ilh tlje steeple, of the same 
 In this church lie buried several bishops of Flo- 
 rence, under but indifierent tombs. Among others 
 is tliat of an Englishman, and who was one of the 
 Flor<'ntine generals at tlie taking of Pisa, wlierc he 
 IselKued himself so well, that d_^ing, he was interred 
 liere, and had a tomb erected to his memory at the 
 public cliarge; his name was Johannes Acutus. His 
 nrnis in the church window are. Or, in a chevcroit, 
 sahlc, three escalop slielh of the same of the field. 
 
 Near to this ciinreh is \hv public font, outof which 
 
 no cliildren of this city are allowed to be baptized. 
 
 It is builh round like a tepiple ; as indeed it was, 
 
 in (li-" time ol' paganism, dedicated to Mars. It 
 
 has three doors of brass, whereupon are carved or 
 
 east several stories of the Kible. The font stands in 
 
 (lie midsi, iidaid roi-.u! wiih several coloured stones 
 
 of great value ; near to it lies buried Balthasar 
 
 Cessa, a Cjuondam ]M)pe, till displaced by the Coun 
 
 cil of Constance ; over liim this epitaph Hie jacet 
 
 Ij( It'iuisar Cessa, oliin ./ohaiL Vii^esinrus-tertins. 
 
 The second church of not( is that of IVlaria Sanlu 
 
 Novella, and is nolhini.'- mf^iior in structure to the
 
 Niij .iDiiv ini'M -in 
 
 ^) 
 
 i.tlicr. wliicli .Miili.u'l Vii^clo, t!ic h;-f nicicrii 
 -en Iptor, ii-i'd, lor il-> baMtv, t t lall In- \ tiiii-. 
 ilcir lies hiiiicd a j.a t iiai cli .'I (" >i;-! an t iiiup Ir 
 
 Til [\\\> clitlicli 1) 'liin'r-" a \\;i{.- iiil\ ol" |)rca( li in-- 
 iVici^. w l;i> boast that iio m a iioii_-t liirai lia\c hccii 
 ( lio-Mi I v o c.iiiliiial -, Tort v -.'lulil Im-Ii>|-, oI' winch 
 -I \ ha\ ( hi'.'ii ->a!iitc ! . 
 
 'i'l," tiiirii 1- tiiil oi Santa ( ro'-h:', \\ hiTf i- o,.,' of 
 l!ir rici'C^i j)ii l|:i 1- o'l' i] TODf. s''t With >i'N < a! ^ ;. - 
 < ion- -; iH' - \.\ t)..ilt- o\ l!ii .M 'I con .-!-. ihic 
 Itii - m- hi ic h r'\'- 1 !.> ;ho-c ol" laMi'.ardo u'alin;. 
 aihiol' Miilio; \.!':''I> : i! 'eta. ;i\rr \\ Inch ! 'lul 
 ihic- ni(o;:ij)a 1 a !)!( -I line- d' I.;- o\'.;i. i' -jn c-t iit .nil" 
 hi- :ii"cat -now h' 'ii-f i!i the thr..' 'C't- of aialnlcc- 
 hirc, ;;aiiiiin;:. a!;tl carsiii::'. lii.' lnl;v^l^ ot ;;ii 
 or^ 111 111 !hi- ci::ir( h. hr-u'.r- the liiatcnal-. co>t t'onf 
 th Ml- iiul ( r'lwi!-. 
 
 Thi- roiui h i- tiia t ol' our Liui \ , or 1/ Xnnuiicia- 
 tio, the church ol" ^icatc-t {lc\o!iou in tiio whole 
 lo'Ai!. I) * iia-on ol" llir i^acal cure-- t!i;- !,:i(i\ i- hc- 
 i n'\ ( li I o (io to 111 r (lc\ ot'c- . 
 
 I poll -|;r|\i-, al-:io-t roiiiiil l':,' cjnii'ch, -land 
 III I Ic -tat lie-, -oinc ca r\ rd in w ood. , othci- ol" h at licr 
 -tiitlf'd \\ilii -traw, hit a- ir.cinoiia!- 1)\ -iicii a-^ 
 Iia\f rcccncd health or liiiih- h \ tludr applw a ! nui 
 to tin- linne ; tlioiii;di -iiper-l 1 1 loii hath procured 
 heller ornanienl- Io the (liurth, -ni h a- \e:\ ruli 
 (iialice-. caiid le-t ick-. lamp- A\ii\ crncitixe-, leu- 
 and arm- in i^'old and -il\er, and -in h (ttlier olleiiii': 
 lor iinaL^ancd cure- h\ lln- Lad\'- inter. e-- ion. I he 
 hi-h altai i- ol" ina--\ -il\ei. L:i\enh\ a inh .U:\\ 
 !:itel\ tinned ( In i-liaii. The ( i rca I I )iilvc !i, in:: hi- 
 u""dlathei'. ^"a\e him In- o\\n name and coat ol .nih-
 
 86 TRAVELS OF 
 
 As you go out of tlie south door, stands a statue 
 of Ferdinand the First, on horseback^ cast in cannon 
 metal. 
 
 But before I leave this church I cannot but take 
 notice of an epitaph over the tomb of Politianus, t 
 show how extraordinary it is for this nation to stud} 
 more languages than their own^, which may question- 
 less be no small cause of their blindness as to matters of 
 religion; languages being often the key of knowledge. 
 
 Folitianus in hoc tiimulo jacet, Ar.gelus, luium 
 Qui caput, et lingims (res nova) tres habuit. 
 
 In English: 
 
 Poiitian (a wonder) iiere doth lie, 
 
 Whose but one iiead three tongues did beautify. 
 
 The fifth is dedicated to St. Lawrence, and built 
 by Duke Cosmo di Medici^ where he lies buried : 
 under his tomb is subscribed Decrcto iniMico patri 
 pair lie. 
 
 During my stay at Florence died the Emperor Fer- 
 dinand the Thirds whose obsequies the Great Duke^ 
 as allied to the house of Austria, caused to be 
 solemnized in this church; the manner whereof 1 
 have thought fit here to insert. 
 
 The whole churcii was hung round with black 
 cloth.j on which was pictured death, in various forms, 
 intermixed with the imperial arms and crown. In 
 tlie body of the choir, before the liigh altar, was 
 erected a loft} arch, lighted with two hundred wax 
 torch.cs set round it ; on the top of the ;:rch stood the 
 form of a magnihcent tonib, to vvhich \vu mountecj 
 by an ascent of t^>elve steps ; before this, the bishop.
 
 siK JOHN hi;ri;>i;v 
 
 87 
 
 ,'i'.i'tcd by tilt' chief of tlu' cicrirv, -11112; scvrral 
 iiKiSM's, said inaiiv praNtTs for llic ilcacl. and u-id the 
 same rites and eereinonie- as if llic bo(l\ liatt (tfec- 
 tiiallv been th<Te. Tiie duke, and the cardinal his 
 brother, were here present, heard the Mrnion or ora- 
 lion, in coniiiien(hition of the deceased, which i- al- 
 NNa\s pronounced b\ some s'ciihir jiersoii, and a g:en- 
 th'iiian, for the ( lera\ men ne\er perforin it. Tlii< 
 cereiiioiiv continued three lioiU'^. set otf with the he-t 
 ^(uce> and otiier imi^ic in ltal\ ; ainonj^st whicli I 
 cannot omit takm::- notice of a trumpeter, wlio j)hi\ ciI 
 an upper part in concert witli \it)lins and hautbovs, 
 so exactU both a^ to Hats, 'harp^-. and measure, that 
 it wa> impo><ibie for an\ iii->trument to have been 
 more just and harmonious, a^ he L^DVeriicd it. 
 
 Near this church is th' cliapel of Saint Lawrence. 
 thoui:;h litlU', intended for the richest structure in 
 Europe of that kind. "l"i> now tiftv vear> since it 
 wa> fir^t beii'im, and \et not half tini>he(i, notwilli- 
 tandiiiLr that sometimes an incredihh' mnnl;er of 
 per>on> are ^aid to be at work about it. Tlie ill:^icl^' 
 I- all inlaid with -tone- of e\cral cobuM-, contrived 
 in dillVrenl forms and lii^ure^ ; the altar, a^ much ot' 
 It a> i> done, after the same maimer, onlv tlie stone-^ 
 are ol' [ireater \ alue, a- Turkey ^tone-;, ^ap])hires, 
 &c. The windows are not to be i:;la'/.ed, but to re- 
 cei\e the lii;ht tliroui;h transparent stones. 
 
 This chapel is intended for tlie bur\ ini:;-place of 
 tlie (ireal I)uke>, whose tombs and statues are man\ 
 of them already erected. 
 
 In line, the number of parish cliurches in tlii- citN 
 arc fortv-four, of niimurn-? liftv-foui, ot trierics 
 lwent\-four, and of ho-pitals thirtv and odil
 
 Sb TRAVELS OF 
 
 Amongst otbnr ])lcasaiit gardens witliiu tlie walls 
 of tliis cityj next to the Great Duke's, already men- 
 tioned, is tlijit of the Cardinal di Mcdiei, the Great 
 Duke's brotlier: the form of it is rather long- ll an 
 square, graced with several rare greens, ajul water 
 works, after the rnai iicr of Italy. On one sioe is a 
 close walk, VvitVi preens; wherein, while you think to 
 walk securely, by the turning of a key you are as- 
 sailed by a shower of rain rising out of the ground 
 all the length of tlic walk. At the eiid of this walk 
 is a grotto, from whose sides, enamelled with stones 
 of all colours and shells of fish, springs forth water 
 in several places, as also from the top and bottom. 
 In the midst of this garden is a hon-e of pleasure,, 
 and truly so : the cardiiial here usually aivine; rea- 
 dezvous to his niistrcsses. The upper rooms are fur- 
 isished with fine pictures, the lower with statues and 
 water-works. Near to the house stands the statue of 
 a giant, of great esteem, being twenty feet high ; his 
 posture is holding a pitcher above his head with 
 boT' arms, catching the water that falls out of it 
 with his mouth. 
 
 W iilkirg out of tlie town one afternoon througli 
 Porta Romana, near the suburbs, we entered into a 
 long wrik, abno:^t a mile, planted on both sides with 
 cypiv^r, aiu the ever-green oak, or ilex tree, but with 
 a sinirp and longer leaf than that which grows in 
 England. At the end is a palace where the present 
 duchess usually retires herself for some part of the 
 summer, called Poggia Imperiale, because built by 
 ibis duke's mother, the emj)eror's sister ; it i> richly 
 furnislied, especially with pictures and statues, pur- 
 rhrj'cd from Jlomc by the foundress. In the garden
 
 >ii{ JOHN in;u!>ii\ . 
 
 arc the t;ill(-l (uaimc and Iciiuiii t^^(^ lli.,t I -au m 
 I lal \ . a lar.:a" loimlain. and a liTot to. 
 
 'I'rii iiiil(' iVdiii I'lditiicf thcdiikf lialli allot!, a 
 coniilis li(a-c. called INiimao-A clia laiio w liK !i aiio- 
 t h, [;.; iitl''Miaii a;id in\ --clt' tooL llic oppoit iiai I \ ol 
 -cciiiLi" N\!iilc 111- l!i:j!iin> \\a> there. I'llc lioli-c i~ 
 iiotliiiii:- () ( (>ii>i(li i:',l)ic 111 it-cit", a- ill it- -it iiat iKii, 
 -taiidiiiLl' i)ct\.i\t -cNcra! liill- on one -idc. covcnal 
 With \iii'- and olisc tree-, and a NaUev divuhal 
 iiMo iii;ii)\ \valk- h\ ncv'.- oi' Ircr-. h'ailiiii:- dilit-rciit 
 \. 1 \ - ; one h'; - to a [):: r!\ \\ line t he ( i rea t I ) like 
 hid made a jiai! ' m k -e( di r-e, h\ th.e direclioii ol -i^'- 
 iiiitr IJeriiard ( I i-<(ii:^ iie, r.n Italian. \\ ho lia\ini;- 
 -t i\ed our late kmii" i:i h;- \\ar-. c.irned the palterii 
 lioiii lamland. 
 
 'I' he re we I'oicid t lie diilKC inN ei ! H.i:' h im-elj' m |he 
 niornmi:-, who, aTiiM' hi- reliirn lofiiiifKr. aecordinii- 
 lo hi- ii-iial ( i\iH!\ to -IraiiLL'i'rv -cut ii- two di-!ie- 
 <d" li-li heiiiLV l'rid:'\ ' ami t\S(d\e hotile- (d" exeej- 
 h ; 1 1 w 1 i 1 e - , to our 1 1 m . 
 
 \e;ir to thi hoii-r i- another (lark, the hiiL'.e-f i;i 
 !lal\, or rather a (hace, -aid lo in- thirt\ iii'le- in 
 
 e(.lll[ei--. 
 
 \ea. a mile fVoin I'lorence, out ul flie nate of 
 ^iii (i.illo. ai'e -ecai the niiii'- (l i:ie ancient cilv 
 l'ie-(de where, m the time o t" (he Koinai.- re-idcd 
 till' aii^nr- and an-pice-. or -ooth<a\cr- who told 
 U'ood or hi'd loitiiiie to tollow troni tin ll\iii<i' oi 
 elialtcrmu- <d' hird- Siudi -ill\ thiiiLL'- doc- -ii[ui 
 Mition find (Mit to teed on .\c( ordiiiLr to ()\id 
 
 ll'ii iiiiiii, iimi Miiuiii 111)!. I- ii>iii!iM-\i siiiisiri, 
 ! .iii':i;.i\( ' I \ ,'t ' I 1 ii;i.ic !. It a\ e
 
 90 TRAVELS OF 
 
 This city was once so powerful that it afforded a 
 considerable assistance to Stilicone^ a general of the 
 Romans, in the overthrow which he gave the Goths 
 and Vandals, when there died of them near an hun- 
 dred thousand. 
 
 Four miles distant from hence stands Pratolina, 
 another of the duke's summer houses, surrounded 
 with woods, ponds, fountains and gardens, where the 
 water-works are not inferior to any in Italy, of which, 
 amongst other devices, there is a long walk, from 
 whose borders, on each side, spring forth showers of 
 water, which rising a great height, throws itself on 
 the contrary side, and so covers the walk with water, 
 asw ith an arch, none falling into the alley, where you 
 walk under the watery element without being wet. 
 
 In the wall of the grotto in this garden is the head 
 of a man cut in wood, and painted, which opens his 
 mouth to spirt out water, and then shuts again very 
 naturally. 
 
 In another grotio stands the form of a shepherd, 
 in wood, holding a pair of bagpipes, where, upon 
 the approach of a shepherdess of the same stuff, out 
 of the opposite corner, by the secret operation of the 
 water, he plays several notes, the little birds whist- 
 ling at the same time, by the same aqueduct. 
 
 In another sits a satyr, holding a pipe of seven 
 reeds, which he, rising from his seat, and turning his 
 head at the singing of an artificial cuckoo in the 
 wall, plays on, both in appearance and sound. 
 
 On the other side of the same grotto is the form of 
 a dragon, and of a man near him, taking up water in 
 a dish, his rising arm meeting the stooping head of
 
 MR JOHN RFHr:>l{V 
 
 <Jl 
 
 flic (IraiToii to drink, bv one and tlic -;inie motion ot" 
 (he watrr, >vliicli lie drinks up, and prc-^cntl v \oinitii 
 up aii'auj. 
 
 llt-rc arc several other fountains or irroUos, \\liich 
 I sjiall only name, a< that ot" the Laundrx. %shere a 
 woman statue, hv the turniui;: of ii r(>ek, heals a |)U(k 
 \v ilh a battledore, and turn^^ elothe>> w ilh the left hand 
 that called La Ma>cara. m here a wonuni in a mask 
 moNcs lo and fro that of ("oj)ilo. m here are marble 
 < hairs, on which, \\ hil-t \ou il(v->iirn to rcpo-e Noursclt 
 ;;ii ca>\ iirc-^in^" up<!n the >cat j)ulls dow n u i:allon of 
 water upon \ou, which, runnini: awav to ^hun^ the 
 pa\emeiit \ou tread on s|)()uts up ukuc in vour face. 
 
 These and -everal otiierx there are, wiiich verifies 
 the j)roverh. that tin- water of Ital\ is more costlv 
 than w inc. 
 
 In the upper part of liiis o-aidcn stands the statue 
 of a aiant, lort\-li\<' clU in heii:ht ; ab(ul him are 
 -cNcral nvmphs carved ui stone, castmii: <>"t water. 
 
 I lav inir *|)ent a w Indc da\ in Niewini!: the^c and 
 other ( urio^ilic-. at ..nd near l*r.it(dina, we returned 
 iii\ (ompaiudu and sell' to |'"lor'nce the da\ befiuc the 
 *. i:: il (f St. .lohn. the titular aint of f hi^ cit \ , w iu)S(' 
 lr>-ti\al hcuii:- obM ived with more than ordmar\ so- 
 lenuiilN, I thouiihl it not imj)ertinent to descrihe in 
 this place. l*'ourda\'> bet'or*' Ihe feast, arMnade four 
 several proce^^-ions to four of the ureatesl chui dies 
 ot the it \ w here the a.reatest j)art ot the da\ is sjuiil 
 UI deN(li(m, with e\ t ra<u'(linarv music. (Jn theexe 
 or Niii^-il, in a lariic place before the < liurch of Santa 
 Maria Novella, tow ;; r(U four in the atteniooii. i^ |)er- 
 *<Min( (1 a race of chariot-, vv I, icli t he (i ii ke and court, 
 ^Mth the Li-reateM part of the citv, come to see; the
 
 92 TRAVELS OF 
 
 manner is this : about forty yards distant are erected 
 two posts^ from one of which five or six chariots^ ac- 
 cording to the number of those that run, start at sound 
 of trumpet, and being to run thrice round to win, he 
 therefore that has driven his course, and first comes 
 to the post whence he started, gains the prize, valued 
 at thirty crowns; (an easy price for a man's life) 
 the entangling of the chariots one w ith another, either 
 to gain ground, or at the turn, frequently overturn- 
 ing them, where, if the driver escape a mischief bv 
 the fall, he seldom doth being driven over by the 
 following chariots. This seems derived from the 
 ludus Circensis, performed much after the same man- 
 ner; also those cerlamina Oljjmpica, amojtgst the 
 Greeks, where the runners with chariots were hemmed 
 in, with the bank of a river on one side, and swords 
 pitclu^d point upwards on the other; only thev were 
 to run directly, and these circularly. 
 
 The next day being St. John's day, but what St. 
 John I knove not, the duke, duchess, and prince went 
 to a large place before the palace or hall, attended 
 with a great train of coaches, where, seating him- 
 self in a chair of state, upon a stage raised on pur- 
 pose for this ceremony, he received homage and fealty 
 from such as hold countries, I'orts, or castles of him, 
 \^ithin his domuiions, as also other sorts of tenures, 
 which was performed by their passing severally before 
 him on horseback, vailing a banner they carried, 
 being summoned, rivdliin, by the herald. 
 
 In the afternoon the duke, prince, and nobility 
 having heard vespers at St. Peter's church, go in 
 cavalcade to see a horse-race, usually run for a prize 
 a, rich banner or uiallio. vortli live huudrf'd crowuv
 
 ii{ .Foriv im:iii>ijv, 
 
 'K) 
 
 oil till- (l;iv; A\li"i!', tin- tiKlli I-. Ill" ])i>;n'tv' of the 
 lioi -(>. t!u inmihcr oftlu' jutx)!!-- attriuliiiLi- tin- duke, 
 tlif rich fimiilure. both for tlitMiixrh i- ami luu m>. 
 make it ('\ 1 1 a()r<liiiai\ . 
 
 Tlic cotir-c I- pt'rtonncd 1)\ hail)-, throiiuh a loiip; 
 -tri'cl, mar a mile in Icnulli, wliich run without any 
 niK- upon them, onU little iron halU, lull <>t" pru k<, 
 \'. iiieh, la-teiitMl to their haek hv a <:iith, fall down 
 on each -ule h\ -'trim:- ; tlie-e, h\ their inetioii ri^iiiii: 
 and lallinu-. do the olliec ot"-pur-, 
 
 Thf i:d\ ( rniiieiit ol' Tu-eam , a- I -aid, i- monar- 
 < liual. and more ah-oliittd\ -o than aii\ oilier jinn- 
 I ipalit\ in llaU, the prinee la\in<^- what ta\e- he 
 [)lea-e- upon t he j)e(>ple, and liaNini;' al\sa\-a ^'ood 
 (Mnpeleiit >taiidinL:" toree to keej) them in -iil)|eeti()ii ; 
 ot" till- 111- <j,-uard- eommonU (|uarter in the ciIn', 
 \".liiili mo-tl\ cou-i-t of iliii'h Dutch and Swit/er-; 
 till' re^t. which are tour regiments, Ive (juartered 
 upon the tVoiilier- ol" hi- dominion-, which are di- 
 sidcd into lour part-, tor each di\i-ion a reuimiMit. 
 limh'i I he command ol'a mai-t ro di campo. or coloiitd. 
 
 \moni:-l oili-'r iinpo-i tion-, one i- laid a-acu-toni 
 upon all ui w CMininod 1 1 le- l)i-oui;lit into ! lorence, 
 \. het her I) V -I ranker- or -uhjeet-. on en clot Ifr- tluin- 
 -rl\t'.-, ii't!ir\ ha\ not h'cii worn. \s liK h cx'C.i-ioned 
 a -ad di-pute !)(t\\ I \l a jioor I'ount r\ man and the ol"- 
 ticer- ol t !ic eii-tom-, 1:1 m\ -l^ht ahoii t a -liir I totmd 
 upon >rai( h 111 hi- c lot h(--hai:-, which he coiile-t ini;" 
 to Iia\e Ix'cn worn and the\ thai it had not. occa 
 -loncd -omo hlow- (o the o\viici. 
 
 ^uch ta\-. w ith the trallic the (u cat I )ulvc (lri\ < -, 
 '"I he d(tes not think it helo\s him to pla\ the mei- 
 'ha lit and hi- u'le:' ' 1 1 ULiali t \ w itlial uK; ke- liim ami
 
 M TRAVELS OF 
 
 not without reason, esteemed the richest prince in 
 Italy; of which last it is evidence sufficient, I mean of 
 his frugality, that he boards with his cook, that is, he 
 agrees with him by the week, to provide for him daily 
 so many dishes of meat for his own table, most of his 
 servants being put out to board wages. 
 
 July the 15th, I left Florence, to see such remark- 
 able placesnear it as were uninfected^: and first, I went 
 for Lucca, but in my way passed by Pistoya, formerly 
 the chief city of Etruria, seated in a most fruitful 
 valley, called the Valley of Arno, cultivated after 
 the manner of Italy, both for corn and wine, the 
 ridges of the lands producing corn, and the furrows 
 elms, on which grow the vines. 
 
 This was subjected by the Florentines long since, 
 near the year J 150. The town is little, but esteemed 
 rich; the streets are paved with broad freestone; the 
 cathedral, a handsome church, paved with marble ; 
 it stands twenty miles distant from Florence. 
 
 Twenty miles from Pistoya we came to Lucca, si- 
 tuated in the same valley, built, as some write, forty 
 year.') after Rome. It is, questionless, very anti- 
 ent, as appears hy C. Scmpronius retiring hihiself 
 thither, with the residue of the llonjan army, as a 
 place of safety, liaving been routed by Hannibal at 
 the battle of Trebia. 
 
 The town is three miles in compass, well fortified, 
 having eleven large bastions after the form and pro 
 portion of balvardi reali, or real bulwarks ; the terra 
 pieno faced with stone, and so large, that several 
 rows of trees grow upon it, and where the company 
 jn carriages go out to take the air in the evening. 
 
 Near to the church of the Augustines they showed
 
 SIR .loiix Ri:Ri:siiv. 93 
 
 lis tlie ruins of an old teiiij)l(>, (lotlicatfd to Satuni, 
 and the remnant of a laru;e ainpliillu-atrc. 
 
 The chior cliiirch, or catlu'dral, is dedicatrd to 
 Saint Martin, wlicrc the l)ishops and (anon> haNc a 
 particuhir i;rant from Rome for wearing: tlic liahit oi" 
 archl)ishops 
 
 The streets ar<' narrow, paN ed with hirije free-tone ; 
 the lioiiscs of the gentry built of iVei'-tone, !)iit low 
 looted. 
 
 Vll the inns are in one street, that the (lenuanor of 
 <tranr<'r'^ ma\ be better in-pected, the\ li\ii!^-, in this 
 -tate, in a eontinual jealousx uf the ])ra( t lee- ol" the 
 Duke of 'J'useanv upon them, insomuch, that none i'" 
 permit t(Hl to wear a weapon within the walls, not <o 
 mueii as a knife, if pointed. 
 
 This cit V w as nuide the nietro])olis of Tuscany, one 
 of the fweUe i)arl- into which Italy, when coiujuered 
 by the Lomi)ard-. wa- diyided, where De-idenus, 
 Duke ot' Tu-can\ , redded, w hen eho-en Knii;- of the 
 KomharcU, in the \ear 7'i>. or thereabout <. IfHr-t 
 ixiULiht il- libcrl \ a I t he j)riec of I w cut \ -li ye f hou-and 
 row II- \\lii(!i \^ ,1- atterward- conlir.'ued to it b\ the 
 Jjuj)cidr Radolphu-, anno I'J'^S, antl has siiue con- 
 tuuicd. 
 
 'l'lu'\ -how \ou here a -latue of our >a\ iour, ^\ hich 
 tlie\ hold ui uri at M'uerat ion. w hieh, ui ("harlemaane's 
 tuiU'. lhe\ It !l \ou wa- in,i(i(\ all but the head. h\ (Mie 
 \ icodciiui-, which lie I) hili- in L!,-real perplex il\ how 
 to form. b\ nut acli'. w In If ];. | iMiied hi- biick . a IkmiI 
 \Mth the exact lineaui, p. 1- of the tai-e of our >a\ io;ir 
 Uo\\\ heaven, w;'.> clajipcil ujxmi the -houldei- 
 
 1 rom Lucca we wen! !o Pisi, ten mile- oli (hrec 
 'ill!'- -liiiit ()\' l*i-a |)a--ln^ t lUoiM'iai:! c (ii: d afl'T
 
 96 TRAVELS OF 
 
 that name, which divides the territories of these twc- 
 cities. This mountain is covered with a sweet carpet 
 of rosemary, thyme, and other sweet herbs, which 
 grow wild. 
 
 Pisa, divided by the river Arno from east to west, 
 and built before Rome by the Grecians, was once 
 very powerful at sea as well as on land, as appears by 
 its conquering the island of Sardinia, killing the King 
 of Majorca, lending forty galleys to Almerico, King 
 of Jerusalem, in his wars with the Saracens of Alex- 
 andria; in fine, it was so potent that it was esteemed 
 one of the four cities of Italy. Now it is much al- 
 tered since conquered by the dukes of Tuscany, and 
 almost depopulated, the greatest part of the free- 
 born natives seeking new habitations in other coun- 
 tries, preferring a foreign servitude to a domestic one, 
 notwithstanding the Great Duke, to invite a resort 
 to it, hath made it an university, for the study of all 
 sciences, maintaining several professors and readers 
 in tlu; same, for the instruction oF youth, at his own 
 cliarge. 
 
 There was first instituted the religious order of the 
 kniglits of Saint Stephen, by Cosmo, Duke of Flo- 
 rcni (, in the vear ir)(>I, The statutes thereto belong- 
 iiig are much like tliose of the Order of Malta, except 
 that these are allowed to marry ; they wear a red cross, 
 bordered with gold. The founder built here also a 
 palace, and ejidowed it with lands, for the reception, 
 and maintenance of sucli of this order as fell into ne- 
 cessity, with a cliurch belonging to it, hung round 
 with the banners kiLen by these knights from the 
 Turks. The (ircjit ])uke is the first of this order. 
 
 This city ^^as buiii in a large plaiiij four miles dis-
 
 sii! .loiiN iM.iM:sin 
 
 (>: 
 
 t;iiil tVoin the >t';i, iIi<)iil:,!i il i>. now ci^'iil. -o mucli. 
 it i> crcilililv rcpoilcil. the l:iiul lla^ In ri' u;mu(l ii|)(in 
 >!!< -I'll within i\ti(ii !niiulr'(l Ncar^, lor ihcK' i-; 
 :i ( liiirili -lamliiii;- to this dav, roiirmilc^ iVoin l*i-a, 
 built ()\cr a 'j:rrd\ |)n>t, with an iron hooj), to wliich 
 thcv report St. IVtcr tied hi<- boat at hi-> lir-t huulini;- 
 111 Italv. 
 
 Thcrr ar^' t'oiir thinLi-; ^ cv\ remarkable in Ihi^ tow :i : 
 l"ir't - 'I'he ehnreh ofSt . .lolin, interior to none in 
 lial\ lor the L'r^'at ])roporli(Ui of cmiim-iIi 1 \ carscil 
 iiarhh' behinii'iiiL:" tn it and the loot. 
 
 See()iull\ The ('tnno. or eatlieilra! , lor the line 
 ^tatuc> and work about it. I)nl especiallv tlie '-iv 
 (b)ors. two ol them iron, and tour bra*<, of a Na>l 
 ^i/.e. upon winch are carved 'CNcral >toriL' ol t!ie 
 liible, a> exactlv a>- it' lhe\ wcr*' drawn b\ the pen- 
 eil, thou::h -onie -a\ lliev aveca^l 
 
 i'hirdK The -leeple {hereto bt lon^'iii^'. biiill 
 CKudvcd. or bending' to (me ^uie tVoni th' \(M'\ foiin 
 dation. -o tiiat the toj) overhau'r- the t'oondat ion threi' 
 elb, and \et i^ a~ -troiijj," and permanent ;;- it' ne\er - > 
 -t 1 ai^li! . h\ t he a It ilicial cont ri \ anee iM' 1 h'> a 1; ; lee t 
 I'oiirtliK Ihe lud\ churili-N ard . -nrronrehHl b\ 
 a Lireat wall and p(rche-, wlie-e earlli ('(MiMiei''- the 
 buried bod\ in t\\eiil\ tour hour^ ; the lir^t eii:!!! 
 Jioiir- It -w(ll-, the ne\t eiiiht it fall-, ;ind the l.i-t 
 eiLl'ht il totalU wa-le-. not (e;i\ a- !i)e\ ci* (lih!\ (old 
 11' tlieic, hut a-- autlmr- w 1 1 1 in;.'- o!' I h i:- plaC'' re!.! !e 
 t'tu', >a \ - (Mie (r cred 1 1 ( 'n in 1 1 i n' li n! I ' :^i(' i u . Cn ! ' 
 viiicluin n/i(fi(ji(i j^di I k i ' i ^ H' iii't- <i iit j-ul' i.t ii : /.-. i ^ 
 < '<///s tiinr init 1(1(1 < >/ ///, tuUr \\i\ //t/^ i /(- 
 - '' I'm [ .s. j.uli u III ( ii<!(i: r 
 
 i<
 
 98 TRAVEi.S OF 
 
 This yard, they tell you^ was madeof earth, brought 
 111 fifty gallics insload of ballast, from the holy land^ 
 by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ou his return 
 from the holy v> ar. 
 
 Three miles from Pisa 1 passed the brook Serpe^ 
 and twelve more broug'ht me to Leghorn, so called, 
 as some say, from Ligornus, son of Phseton 
 
 This city, formerly subject to the Pisans, came into 
 subjection to the Dukes of Florence, with their last 
 conquest of Pisa, in the year 1509, at that time very 
 despicable^ by reason of the miseries themselves of this 
 city had suffered with the Pisans, their masters, in 
 their wars, both witii the Genoese and Florentines^ 
 till Francis and F'erdinand Dukes of Florence, re- 
 built the walls and fortifications thereof, and to po- 
 pulate it the more, made it a sanctuary to ofi'enders of 
 some kinds, provided they built houses and lived here 
 continually. It is seated in a plain near the sea on the 
 north side, where the river Arno, running through 
 the town, disburdens itself : it has a very fine haven 
 for ships of bulk, and another for gallies and less 
 boats, on the side of wliich stand two towers, out of 
 which lights are hung ui the night time for the direc- 
 tion of sailors : on the north side is a strong fort. 
 
 This tovvH, thus sittiate, affords great commodity 
 for trade, v. liich nijjl-.es i| much frequented bv mer- 
 eiKuits from all part^ .\rmonians. Turks, Jews, 
 Sclavoi.ians, &v..: in fine, by persons of all habits 
 and countrit s in a manner, and the rather so, that 
 none are here molested for their opinion. 
 
 Here the duke keeps his slaves that row in his gal- 
 lies ; lliev go aluiost quite naked, ^ave that they have
 
 >iK .loiiN iu;in;>;n 
 
 ftO 
 
 M)in( lliiiiu" lo C(>\>r tlit'ir |iri\itic's ; tli>'v Unc m(>tl\ 
 on hicail :iii(l \\;it('r, :uul arc iicmt allow cil t,t c.mu' 
 :i hroad or cii -"liorr, except llic\ l)c cliaincil toi^dlh 
 
 III tlic middle ol' tlii^ cilv staiuN a slatiic of ("ov- 
 mi:-, Duke of I'loii iwc. in marlde, \'. itli four -l;i\c-, 
 in l)ra->, iii iDiir >e\er;:l po-lurcx, in llicl'ull j)ro])or- 
 tioii of n\en imiici' Iiiin : it i^ c-Leenied the l)c>;t o\ 
 lln kind m I'.nropc. 
 
 Ila^i^^ staid lure two da\-. and rccci\('(l inanv 
 cuililies troin soiiu' nicrcliants of our own countrv, 
 \e reli:rii((l tor l"loreicc tliroiiii;!) <omc j)ait o{ tlu* 
 bclorc-niciitunied cliacc or ("orc<t , stored witlisc\cral 
 sorts ol" wild l)casts, u^ red deer. W()lv(^<, l)oulles, 
 jioreupines I'allou deei". \\ild hoars, and others, and 
 jirescrN eil \\ illi tli;i I care, thaf it is a L!:a!le\ biisiiu'ss to 
 dioot or ( hase there w itliout a lieenre from t!ie dulve. 
 
 I arn\ed at I'lorencr ,1 ul\ tln^ ':^()th, where, nnder- 
 s|;iiulini:- lli;tt the inrectn*!! -pread ilsidf, raJher than 
 dri )(;i-cd. boll; at ]!'tn!!' ;iiid (ieiioa, in N\hi(h lasf 
 1)1 ace t!u' :ie eel lilt of t he dead I he forei^oin^- w eek was 
 lo t in; niiinhrr of ah.iiit t Imt v t hoiisand ; I thon^lit 
 'hr >ati -f \\ .1 \ to |r.i\r ltal\, and to e.nplox the re 
 I"..' mi ru' part of nn time (lesioiied tor m v sfa v ihert ) 
 i!i \ isitiiii:- s,iine parts (d' (lerinam , ('speciall V as I \\ a* 
 desi,-()!is to -ee the eleetien ol' the new einptMor, tor 
 \vhieh niteiit the diet \\;=- sp(>,'di|\ to as-rnihle at 
 |- laiufoit . 
 
 I l( f( I'lorein e diiU tlie'?'.)|h. l(i(n, andarri\ed ;t 
 lolo:^na ii: two da\- mniii: without aii\ eoinpa'i\ 
 that 1 kni'w. -a-.eonr !\:i::li-h l)o\ that \\,'.s m\ -c 
 ^:'til. l"i(Mii thence I took heat tor Terr, MM anti ti\e 
 i'lii.'v 'iir!'i'r rt.'a< !n(i the fauu)Us ii\,'r l*.e w ho-c 
 
 ., >
 
 100 TRAVELS OF 
 
 swift current carried us to an antient sea-port;, called 
 Chiosa^, where it empties itself into the Adriatic Sea. 
 
 This Chiosa is nov/ a city and a bishopric^ the 
 see of Malamocco being transferred hither by a 
 Duke of Venice, at the time that Malamocco was? 
 ruined by an eruption^ and an overflowing of the sea 
 upon it. 
 
 From Chiosa we embarked for Venice, passing by 
 the ruins of the said city, some ten miles from Chiosa^ 
 which we had scarcely passed, when a violent tem- 
 pest of rain^ thunder, and lightning surprised us, 
 seconded with the winds rising and changing in our 
 faces, that we could neither go forward nor cast an- 
 chor, so that we were driven back, as with a whirl- 
 wind, to the mouth of the river Po, where, not with- 
 out great danger, we were forced to lie outatsea for 
 thirty-six hours^ till it pleased God to assuage the 
 sea, and change the wind into aright quarter, which 
 wafted us to Venice in four hours. There I staid two 
 days to find company, which I fortunately met with, 
 two French and four German gentlemen, intending 
 to go the same way for Francfort. 
 
 The first day, being the sixth of August, we took 
 two gondolas, and rowed to Mcstra, upon the gulph, 
 seven mik's from Venice. The next day, having agreed 
 with a guide to furnish us with horses, we dined at 
 Capcllo Franco, eighteen miles from Mestra, having 
 passed Conegliano, a great town half built on the top 
 of a hill, the rest in a plain, the first considerable 
 place obtained by the Venetians in Terra Firma: 
 Iiere we were; forced to stay till four in the afternoon, 
 for j^hclter, from the greatest storm I ever saw of
 
 lit ,1011 \ RKRKsnv 
 
 101 
 
 Jhiiiulcr .'iiul liirfituiiiiT, but especially of hail, the 
 ^tdiic^ that fell beiiii;- larii;er than ordiiiarv walnuts. 
 That niLrht ^\ e la\ at l>a->aiia, upon the ri\er 
 Jlreiita, -"tandinj^ a' the foot of the Vlj)> ; thcnrxt 
 da\ \\ e paed h\ a stront:; fort helon^Miii:; to the 
 Dutch, seated on >() -feep and hioh a rock, that hotli 
 MUMi huil pro\i>ions are dra\Nn up to it b\ a j)ulle\. 
 \\ e (hned at l*rnno Lano. sixteen n)ilc> distant from 
 JJre>-^aiia, within the state of \ enic(\ n<'ar to which 
 Is a stronii" ftot under the sanu- jurisdiction, which 
 parN that and Tvrol, the countrv of the Archduke of 
 Austria; and lure, tli(Mii:h I kuttw niau\ ha\e writ- 
 ten \t'r\ lar^'c d<'>-criplion- both of Ifah and its in- 
 h:ihitants, I think it nia\ not be improper to give this 
 >liort account of ni\ own obscr\ations concernini^ 
 them, as to some particular^. 
 
 Not to trouble the reader with loni;- relations, cither 
 as t( its situation, fcrtilit \ . c've. I >hall onh >a\, that 
 I toiind tlie winter as Niolcnth cold as the ^umnuM' 
 %\a> hot ; T -aw mo-t of tlie canaU of \ enic<' iVo/.cu 
 (\tr, whuli (tiiitinucd ei:^ht da\-; but of winter 
 tlicK' I- -ildom uboNc threr mouth-, ^^/7/( (7, Deccin- 
 bri , ,laiiuai\. and I'cbruar \ . The heat is so scorch- 
 in::- from June till al'tc r the doi;- dav>, that the time 
 of w alkiuL:,- out and takini;- the air is in eNcninii-s, and 
 mo-t part ol" the iiiulit. 'I'he time for slccjimi:; is in 
 tht'da\, in the lowest room- ol the Ikui-cs, wliich 
 arc the more cool, b\ ha\ini;- no other decoration 
 th;m the bare stone wall-, and sonietimes i;-rales in the 
 pa\e(l floors, w hereb\ iie-li wait- are bn'athed liom 
 the cellar- and cave- j)elow . 
 
 Iii-uiiimer tliemeaiu-t person schloin (linik-hi> 
 w me w itlioii t ha\ in^'' it (oolcd either w i lli ice oi -now
 
 102 tka\;:ls of 
 
 which is preserved in places made tor that, purpose 
 laider ground^ and sold puhlicly in the markets. 
 
 Thunder and lightning are liere both terrible and 
 frequentj to the great prejudice both of man and 
 beast very often. 
 
 The country is yery fertile, abounding with all 
 sorts of grain, fruits, wines, and much oil, which 
 tliey generalh use instead of butter, except in Lom- 
 bardy and in the valley of Pisa. There are few cat- 
 tle, except in Lombardy ; liorscs they have in most 
 places for loads and riding on ; but most oi their 
 drudgery is done by mules or asses, especially for 
 carria-SiT. 
 
 In some parts of Italy the same acre produces olive 
 and almond trees, set upon the ridges of lauds, ( orii 
 sown underneath, and vines, which climb up smuli 
 stakes in the furrows ; some land will bring two 
 crops of grain in one year Here is a great store of 
 orange trees, some lemons, and citrons. 
 
 The diet of this country is mostly roots, fruits, and 
 salads, but very little flesh, though beef, mutton, 
 veal, &c. is to be sold in the markets by weight, and 
 in small proportions; fowl and pullet are seldom pur- 
 chased but by people of quality: the meaner sort 
 generally feed on herbs, puLsf. snails, frogs, eggs, 
 and sometimes on goals' flesh. Sea-fisii is scarce, 
 except at Venice, as also shell-fish in all other places, 
 thouirh thcv have ovsters and cockles, but not so 
 good as ours. River-fish is more plentiful, which 
 they always fry with oil. 
 
 They have excellent pure wheat-bread, ol which 
 they often make a meal, sliced and sopped in wine. 
 Their wines arc most delicious, especially those of
 
 sij{ .loFiN in:iii:^ii\ 
 
 KU 
 
 'ru-caii\-, M()iit('ri;i-i()ii(', l.a\ eiclia. and a (l(t*|) red 
 www wIikIi tlic\ ii>-iiall\ drink at mcaU, la La^iiina 
 di Cliri^to, (r the tcai^ td' Cliri-t ; la \iMna/.;i, and 
 till' \\liit(' imi^cadinc, ((Kuhiiin and i'ah'riiiiiii, tVoiii 
 llio I\iii<;cl()in of Naples, with inaiiv ollici-, arc all 
 delicate rich \'. iin- ; and \c\ in the \ fnctiaii -tatc 
 {h('\ drink a m'.' a! deal (! a dreciaii ^orl ot wine 
 ailed Mal\(M-ia. 
 
 The l(aliai!> ald'.or dr'!nkenni'^<. li Ix ni;" Ici'l to 
 .MTV (Hie t( |)lrdi!.-e liini thai ',iriiik< to fiiin in \".hal 
 (jiiaiitit\ he [)lra-c^. i;>-iiiLi' the eiMuinnn j;hr,i-~ (tl" 
 /'ii(ii\i t\i .lii'Ni . tl . 'IS .') :i: '.'ni,' . 1 (Id \ oil rea^e'i. ' ' 
 llld Ih'ilinisi i! .()\ .S/_;7//( '/ / ;. I l)MnLL' it to \oll. 
 
 w hen t he\ drii.lv to one. 
 
 'I'liei'" i!ni'> are \i':\ e ^ tortioii", nor can the ho-S 
 reinen\ it. L:i"'-.it iin[)o-i!; m-- Ixinc" \-^<(\ nr-o'i tlieui. 
 Tilt' ht -I \sa\ I- to aLiTi ' t'oi" the meat le'tore-lia.id . <n 
 to dine, !l jiii^t' . I)\ t 111' ordi lar , . 'I'lieic \ oii lie id! 
 iijioii ti.illuT l)('d-, hut (|iii!;- ."lit '.'( tlur. ("-o. Hid 
 omctiine> three, one upon aiiot her : thoniih tia\(I- 
 Ii'il:' in -liiuiiHr 1 ratler ( ho-r to lir on torin- or 
 l;ihh-. not oiil\ tor I'l a r o[' the it( h a eoM.moM (li-ca-e 
 111 Ital\, aiid ca^ilx i^ct in the li,:;-, wlerc it :- i\- 
 f ra(i"d mar V to <^-it clean ^ht'et> . liit aUo to ^cenre 
 m\-(dl' tVoin the troiihle-^oine and \(':io;noiis Inlmi:- 'd" 
 t he ciini^i , a -ort (r lit tic ci cat lire- Ilk" a ^lie<'[)- lon-e. 
 which "\\arm in the hciUttioU it' thev he ;in\ tliiiii;' 
 rotten, and the (jii ilt- t hein-el\ e>, n, here llie\ are not 
 ' ;ii(d'iill \ (leaned. iVoin w hence t!:e\ a^^ail \oii;;--oon 
 a^ \ou are warm in hed. le:i\ii;;j; i(-d liiinn-. and a 
 violent la'tiiiir it(hini: hehiiid Iii'mu 
 
 In town-, e\er\ hod \ . c-j)e(iiill\ m tip' Xeiieti.ii! 
 -iate, ^o lo ma rivet ami hii \ iheir uw n ^ ut ii.i'- v. !>ieh
 
 lOi TRAVELS ()! 
 
 yoi! contract \vith your landlady to dress for von : tlie 
 Italians are but bad cooks. 
 
 They look upon it as no disparagement, from the 
 genteelest to the meanest persons to trallic in this 
 country, gentlemen of Florence and Lucca keeping 
 open shops, and selling by retail. Silk is there a ge- 
 neral commodity, which they first make by breeding 
 of the wor'ns^ which when ihey have wound their web, 
 they smother tliem in an oven, then ^vet^ing the webs 
 in warm water, draw them out with wheels made for 
 that purpose, into small threads, m.aking them, last 
 of all, into ail sorts of silk stulFs^ such as \clvets, 
 satins, tabbies, &c. 
 
 Theltalians seldom converse with strangers, or with 
 one another, but in public places, as walks, markets, 
 churches, &c. seldom eating or lodging at one an- 
 other's houses, which they call places of retirement, 
 Avhere men ought to have no interruption in sJeeping 
 soundly and eating heartily. 
 
 They are people that make the greatest show of 
 friendship in their courteousoutw ard demeanour, and 
 have certainly the least, being very poor, self-inte- 
 rested, and treacherous, leavingnothingunattempted, 
 though ever so mean, to gain a woman they love, or 
 to destroy a man that tb.ey hate. That of Pastor Fido 
 is a great maxim amongst them: 
 
 ]! ciecd =c(ii^lio '1 ((ucl chiiij^auna i marliian ancora piu saggi , 
 ciii i.on sa linger I'aniico iioii e fiero iiiaiiiico. 
 
 I'he Kick that uiuteineatli ilolli lie, 
 (Juat^ ^caiiieii, be tliey ne'er so slv; 
 I!'~, iii revoiigc, Ijest gets iiis end, 
 'Miiit though a fuc, appears a iVieiul,
 
 siii .foiiN Ki;Kr:Mj\ 
 
 It): 
 
 'riu'N' never l'ori^i\e iii)uri('>. \\l(icli iftlic^v raiiiiot 
 rcveuirr tli('inel\('<, tlicN entail lliein iijxui tlii ii- poste- 
 rities. Tlicir inainuM- of icn ('iig;e i*^ l):i'e aiu! cow aidl \ , 
 ii^iialK taken upon a(lvantai;e 1)\ {heir l)ia\()>. a -oi t 
 ()t"(ie<j)eiate eriniii;al>^, entertained b\ Lr<'iilleiiien hav- 
 m<;- feiui-;, that pr(tteel liiem from the hn\ . and ^(t ha\e 
 lh'in at their (h'\(ti()n, to praet i<e \vhate\ er the\ en- 
 pnii thtiH upon tlieir a(her>arie-. 1 Nvas told 1)V a 
 L:i'ntU'tnan, of tlie fainil v of the Oile-, in Padua, who 
 had a dilfcicnec witli another liTiitleinan tliere. tlial 
 ht' had not for iwwc \car- <tn red out of hi^ lioii^c, or 
 ^eaicr h)olv('d out ot' hi- window , tor fear (d !)cin^--hol , 
 for he Lnew amhii'^h had often hecn hiid h\ hi- ad\cr 
 -ar\ to take aw av liis lite. A ei'ntlenian of the >ann' 
 place, who, l)\ the perna-ion of hi- imele had hecn 
 reconciled to a too pottMit ene'nv of hi- faniiU , which 
 (liiarrtd had occa-ioncd lii- father - death, wa- fre- 
 (|uciitl\ imporiiined l)\ hi- mother to i-onlinne the 
 l";nd. t(dliiiLi- him it wa- unworthv ot" hi- extraction 
 ill for!:'i\(' ::n mj nr\ . and often -ho\s inii' him the hlood v 
 -hirt \\orn hv hi- (had father when killed, the more 
 I"' nicite f(t enmit \ . 
 
 TheM' t'action-ainon2;">ll)ri vate famitie-, tlionL!,"h fr(~- 
 (joent throiiLrhont ltal\. are nu)-t -owithin the -tale 
 111 \ en !((>, w here it i- l)(die\('d a jiiece ol" |)idic\ m t he 
 U'o\ crnment not to endea\ otir I heir <ii])prc--ion, a- the 
 ireiit r\ are>le-< ;il lei-ure I:) j)r\ into -tate atlair-, w hen 
 ciiihroiled in (!i-j)iite- witli one another, or to iiiiite 
 tiicin-(d\e- to the pre|iiilice ol' the commonwealth. 
 .l(aI<Mi-\, ainoiiL:,-! olhei cau-e,-. i- not the lea-t 
 't tl.i-e (jiiairel-, not oiil\ ol'tlunr wi\e- liiit llieir 
 uu-t le^-i >, \'. hoiii to court t he\ think as urea I an iiij nry 
 I- ilie lu-l a ini-tre-- - inconslaiic\ :j,a\iii:r a man
 
 106 TRAVELS OF 
 
 there the title of hecco, or cuckold^ as well as a 
 wife's. 
 
 During my stay at Venice^ a nobleman fell in love 
 with a rich merchant's wench of the same place^ and 
 gained her from him, much contrary to the inclina- 
 tions both of the courtezan and her lover^ who wercj 
 however^, forced to submit, neither being able, nor 
 daring to contend with the nobles; but the woman 
 growing melancholy upon the change, the gentleman 
 grew jealous ofsome secret commercebetwixt the mer- 
 chant and his old mistress, and therefore charged him 
 not to stir out of his house, as he valued his life, which 
 he was forced to do. The gentleman^ finding little 
 change in his mistress by this proceeding, began to 
 think her so constant to her iirst amour, that nothing 
 could alter its effect but the removing the cause out 
 of the world, which he attempted doing by six bravos^ 
 who attacked him with their stilettos, as he was in his 
 shop or warehouse, and wounded him in several 
 places, but not mortally, being rescued by some that 
 passed by accidentally. The cause hereof being 
 known^ the nobleman was taken and imprisoned for 
 the present, but soon after released through the inter- 
 cession of friends. 
 
 I ^vas told by a marquis and senator of Bologna, 
 who lived at Florence, beingbanished hiiowucountr_y 
 ( thougli he had permission of having hi ^ estate restored 
 to him in any other part of Italy), that he had been 
 the cause of the death of six men in one quarrel, be- 
 twixt one that had married his w ife's lister and hirii 
 self, both in love with another man's wife. Tne of 
 ihcni were killed in a rencounter in tlie str( ;}. hctvveen 
 these two rivals, under their mistress's wiudosv, at
 
 sii{ .FOii.N i{i;in>iiY. 
 
 m: 
 
 Iciuicd ]) t(Mi(ir twcUc hnn o- ii- piece : \". licictiTHtu llio 
 hititlni- tied iiit( (icrMKUiN , and the maiiini- !.. I'jo- 
 reiM e. 'l'lie:;"entle\N()UJaii , \n hoiniioiantl v (icci-ioiied 
 ll i- \N as killed 1)\ lier liiishaml ; and the lllar(jlli^ -i'id 
 : c I'.Ki eo^l hn > 111 lee u t lion -and erov. ii -, to eiidea \ oi ^ 
 fo!\iilhi^ ad\er-ai-\, -iiu ; Ik- lleii. i;ie!! 'ct iiall v . 
 
 Tlie u -)ineii lu i l,il \ iiM under LL'i'i^it re- tr;uiit , ne\ er 
 hep w- allov, I'd to -! ir on t (d" I'leir hou-~e. ^ i!'o'," (Mia lit v 
 and ^ onni:' ('\<'i'|)t lo tiieir devotu)n<, w iiic h oce.i-ioi;-: 
 .! lire:'.! j)i-ot'a!iat ioii oi" ( |;nr( lie- lo\cr-, Tor \'.aii! oi 
 oiip"! ' "iMi, \ eUew !k I e, |!h re d rehiring' their ]):i" ion- 
 li\ tlii;r u'e-tnre-^, e\e and lit t le tuLet^. \n iin h I ;;e . 
 'o-el \ ( on\ e\ , a> the\ pa--, n.(o the la[) oil heir nu-e>-- 
 
 riic iea-t un!ripp\ of that -ex there are the eonrle 
 /an-, \'. h ) are he''> r inaintained and pro\ ided tor. ;- 
 to htdiiini:,-^, eloath.-, diet, an.d all other aceomnvxla 
 i(n- than the w \e . often, be-ide-, heaj)n ^ np Lvreat 
 - oT'- (d' w eal ! h n|:(ni I he mm- ol' t heir lovei'-, whom 
 the\ u-nillv di-card will; their i)o\ert\. and -o ll\ 
 .-. itli the I'ee to a tV<'-h flow er t ill . t he \\ i.U.i- (d" I hei 
 ; ^e oiiee eoine I he\ - n 1) -I t Oil \\ hat t lle\ l.i ;d II j) v\ hen 
 ; lit' e \\ ere \ (Oini:' \' I ih ome little ad \ ant :', :' e- h\ pla \ - 
 ii!:r 'he ba\sd-, in w liuh (pialitx > it' not well paid ^ 
 ! lie", are inii<d] re\ eiein ed. 
 
 ( )n<' thm:'' i> not t( he mnit ted the inenticjii ol', w hn h 
 I-. ee' lam hon-e- wadl enchtwcd, tor the maintenanee 
 <d' ha-l.ii(! or diM>\vned ( hildren, whu h bema" laid at 
 I :ie d(MM - or I nrn- !>t" tin -e convents, are ta 'vcn in. and 
 inamtami'd till the\ he eajia hie ol' t rade-, wiilnuit m- 
 <|nii\ (O" \\ ho or \N ha t tlie\ are. and then pnt appreii - 
 'let- I hon.'^h the-e -{ > in lo eneoiirau't' lieeiilioi.-- 
 'I'--. I am -nre the\ prevent the harharoii- mnidei oi 
 "le - ou 11 < hildia 11, too (d ten here coin nil t ted \" 1 1 h xio-
 
 108 TRAVELS OF 
 
 lencebotli to nature and conscience^ for want of some 
 such salve for reputation. 
 
 And now give me leave to continue my journev^ 
 which I left at Primo Lano the 5th of August. 
 The next day wecame^ about dinner-time, to Trent, 
 situated in a valley upon the river Adue. By the 
 banks of this river we passed for almost thirty miles 
 togetherj surrounded on each side with two hills 
 so very high^ that their tops are ever covered cither 
 with clouds or snow. 
 
 The town of Trent is little, but compact and well- 
 built. The best churches are two, one dedicated 
 to Santo Pe'rOj the other to Santa Maria;, in which 
 was held tliat so famous council^ composed of five 
 cardinals which presided^, two other cardinals^ le- 
 gates from Pius the Fourth^ then pope,, three pa- 
 triarchs, thirty-two archbishops, tvvo hundred and 
 thirty bishops, seven abbots, seven generals of reli- 
 gious orders, one hundred and forty-six friers, re- 
 gular and secular, and the ambassadors of all the 
 christian princes. In this church is a very large 
 painted window, where the council, with the man- 
 ner and order of the session, is exactly drawn; and 
 an organ of great value. Near this church stands 
 the archbishop's palace, lately repaired by Ber- 
 nardo Clcsio, archbishop of that see. 
 
 In summer the air is very temperate in this place^ 
 but reported so immoderately cold in winter^, that 
 it is extraordinary to see rain, all the moisture that 
 falls being converted either into liail or snow ; and 
 what is miraculous, little or no water is to be found 
 in the wells, the springs being dried up in tlic veins 
 of the earth through excess of cold.
 
 ]]{ JOHN RFRI-SFiV. 
 
 100 
 
 'V\\c Sth of Aiii^-iist we went to :i town called La 
 \ ijo, lour Diitcfi iiiil("< or lfaii'ii(>>< iVoiii I ifiit racli 
 ot' tlnMii contaiiimii; at the lt'a>t lour (!" It;il\ , 
 tlioiiuli \hc most ii>iial manner of (oinj)iitini:: tlir 
 Ma\- Ml (icrniain i> 1)\ liour<, >-o that \oii -cldom 
 (MUjuire liow nian\ l(ai:;m's to such a jjlarc^ but how 
 nian\ hours '.sr///r( / ortra\rl. 
 
 The next (la\ we Ia\ at lloczcn. a fair town, 
 "(atcd bt'tuixt two p,'rcat h\\\^, upon the ri\er Adut-, 
 which ahno^t ever acconi|)anied u>- Ironi I'rent to 
 thi- j)lace, where it chan<ied it> nauje lor l>nck ; 
 and the C(uuilr\ it> hin<:;uau<', lor^akuiLi' tht Italian, 
 and >-i)eal\inii: altoi::ether High Dutch. 'I'lii-^ town 
 is chiellv reniarkal)le lor I'our annual niarh or l'air<, 
 where i< a iiTcal traflic from all the ueighbourinii; 
 countrie^i. 
 
 The next da\ we ranie to l>rixen. a bishop's >e<', 
 hut otherwise little con>i(lerable ; ha\inti: ni the al- 
 ternoon pa-^ed the hill called lirenuner, M'r\ -tcep 
 and hii:,h , and at that tune, heini:- Vuu'U-t, co\ere(I 
 with -now and wiuxU ot pme and liilree>>, 
 
 'I'he next da\ brought u- to In-pruck, wiiere the 
 cliinale -o niiu h prevailed although the ^iin wa- in 
 Leo , that alter we were cot out ot that lonjj: \al- 
 le\ , which had broiiLiht l!^ tVoni Trent to within 
 three lea::iie> (d" Inprucl\, we were forced to ^o on 
 i'oot to procure lieat, and lo apj)rovc of I he cu-toni 
 <d" llie countr\. ol' hiiii;- i)ctwi\t two feather bciN. 
 to be a^ nece--ar\ there a^ t w ilt> wi llal\ 
 
 We came to lii-])rticlv \ucu>t the J'ilh. the pi in 
 < ijial cilN' of the countr\ ot T\rol, tht; ronhiuc of 
 he prince lA' that couiitr\, the Archdiikr o! in- 
 ',)nick. thr third branch ol' tli(' liou-^i iM Xii-lria,
 
 no TRAVELS Ol 
 
 descending' IVom Ferdinand, second son of Ferdi- 
 nand the emperor. This city is seated in a pleasant 
 and fruitful valley, on the river /Enus, or Ini5, be- 
 twixt two exceeding high mountains covered uith 
 snow all the vear lonir. 
 
 The most remarkable things here are the arch- 
 duke's palace, a large stone house, less regular, be- 
 cause very antient, but well furnished, joining to 
 the church of St. Francis, in whose middle alley 
 are the statues of all the former dukes, cast in 
 brass, with those of their wives, in the dresses 
 used in those days ; and a stately tomb of Maximi- 
 lian the first archduke, and after emperor, the first 
 of that name. In the choir of this church it was, 
 where Christiana, Queen of Sweden, not long before 
 changed her religion (passing from Rome) from 
 protcstant to papist. Here also are a Jesuits' col- 
 lege and church, and the duke's seraglio of many 
 sorts of wild beasts. 
 
 There is a castle at some distance from the town, 
 where, amongst other curiosities, are kept in one 
 room, the harness or warlike habits of several Chris- 
 tian and Turkish princes ; amongst others, that 
 worn by Francis the First of France, when he v/as 
 taken j)rison(:r h\ Charles the fifth emperor, where 
 remain to ibi^ day more marks of his fear than cou- 
 rage, fur he spoiled his hose excet.'dingly. 
 
 In tli(: adernoon wc continued our journey throi!:r]! 
 a pleasant valley, watered by the river Inn, and 
 abounding with firs and pines, the hills on each 
 side very high and rocky, especially one, upon 
 which stands acrucifix, incommemoralion ofT^Iaxi- 
 sailian the first emperor being found therC; when
 
 ^iii JOHN HFRrsnv. in 
 
 li.- Iiiul ])vci\ \o<[ three diivs and niirhts. a^ lit^ \\a> in 
 liacc of certain ereafiire-. almost partinilai to tlic-e 
 liilU not unlike ^'oat-, l)iit horned like roebn< L-. 
 'i"lie\ tell \(Mi fliat his ii'ood antrel eanie to liiiii m 
 til.' shape of a man, h'd him I'orth of tho-eroclvv 
 meandei^ ;ui(! I lien Nani-luui. 
 
 '['he next d:iv nnc left 'r\ro], and entered into tin 
 (oii,itr\ ot" la\aria, which ii'nes title to the prince 
 tlniri)f. the Duke of Havaria. one of the electors 
 nil he empire 
 
 llie !wlh. 1o u:;im time, we ni:iih' inc of a -traniic 
 \v a \ ot p;i-ai:-i- (!(\sn the ri\er l--er thcoi^h u*ual 
 111 that c(uiitr\ \ upon poles fa->teneii together; 
 for (iail \ in -uiumer. L:;real ([uaiitit ies of iirs^ felled 
 -ome thirlv or fort\ lea^-ues from Muiiken. are con- 
 \e\('d to neiLihhourin::- rivers, e^peciallv that ot" 
 l-er where, jollied With willlK's or cor(l>-. t\\(Mlf\ 
 or thirt\ together, thev are carried (h)\Mi hv the 
 rajmi sliiam in a -liort time upon thes<> pole-^ joined 
 a^ I ha\e *aid ; we h;id -tool> "-et, and ^o came a, 
 d;i\ -ooiier to Muiikeii than our hor^e* . which were 
 -mi h\ iaiid. 
 
 Muiikeii Is the capital cit\ ol" l?a\aria, and the 
 re-idence of the ehttor larii-e and well huilt. the 
 -ti cet- hroii'l lhrhou-e<. three and tour stones liii:h 
 ol hrick, hut painted a- it it w a^ freestone, and well 
 -toiid with all suit- ot provisions, except wines 
 wliuh thev are supplied w ith fr(m Austria, as al 
 most all the rest of l^naria It i< seated in a fau 
 t haiupaian <()iiiilr\, upon the ri\er [sci (for here 
 wo took leave of the toreiuentioiied hill-j. 
 
 NN < aiiiNed at Muiiken the l(>thot' .\ii;:ii-l the 
 > ^1 1 the .\--umptKin ot our ble-scd I ,u!\ w hcti
 
 112 TRAVELS 01 
 
 going to view the town, we found the electress dow- 
 ager^ mother to the present electoFj and sister to the 
 late emperor^ at vespers in the great churchy, sung 
 bj Italian voices to a concert of instruments. The 
 church is large, adorned with many pictures, sta- 
 tues and images, and with the tombs of such of the 
 dukes as died before the building of the Jesuits' 
 church, where thej have since been interred. 
 
 The Jesuits' church and college is (not without 
 reason) thought one of the chiefest piles of building- 
 of that kind in Europe ; the church is large, and jct 
 the walls support the top without the help of ony 
 pillar ; beautified within with marble pavement, 
 pictures, statues, some tombs of th dukes and 
 duchesses, &c. The college, adjoining to the church, 
 is said to be the largest in Europe (except that of 
 La Flcsche, in France), having several quadran- 
 gles, and some gardens within the walls of the 
 house. It is three stories in height, every story 
 having galleries round the college, out of which 
 doors open on every side into the several apart- 
 ments, both of the fathers and scholars. There is 
 a very fair library. This college receives and main- 
 tains sixty fathers, besides a great number of under 
 religious and studenti^. 
 
 The elector's palace ( was it of other materials, as 
 it is of brick coloured like freestone), would cer- 
 tainly be in all respects, especially as to projior- 
 tion, contrivance, and furniture, the finest I eves- 
 saw. There are four square courts, be^idei some 
 little gardens, encompassed with the several aj)art- 
 ments of this great structure. Out of the lir^l and 
 largest court \ou uo into the great hall, at llic eii'l
 
 lU .M)ll\ Ki::!ii>m . 
 
 jH li !n (i red iiiarhli' "tcp^, cacli ol' tliciii ihiLc v\\< 
 
 loiiU", aiul all (r oiu' piece. >aliu'(l at two liiuulrcd 
 
 trowiis a-i)ie<c, with the <talu<'- ol' -luli cmjtcrors 
 
 .!> 1ki\(' aiu wav had it lalion to thi-^ laiiiilv, amoiii::-! 
 
 othi'r>, that ot ('harlc< th(^ (ircat. Thi^ leads noii 
 
 into an aj)artni;nt called the emperor'^, of whicli 
 
 the tir->t i()oin \(ui eoiiie into is a lair d)ninii;-rooni, 
 
 file root" o\' it heini;- verv lui;h, snj)])ort( (1 hv lour 
 
 'lahdv marble pillar^, ahoNe seven l\'et loond a 
 
 f)ieee ; iVoni tlii^ \oii eouie into a lonii; ti"al!er\j \'. Iiicli 
 
 reeei\e liuhf l)\ l"olt\ iireal ^^indo\^s, t\v(Mit\ on 
 
 on(,' xtde, and t\\eiii\ on the other; Ix^twixt the 
 
 uindoNvs are itr<';'' varietv of landscape-,- at tlie 
 
 rnd ol' thi> p,allerv is another hall or dining-room^ 
 
 t'unu-hed N'.ilh n)anvaneienl picture^ of areat value, 
 
 and -o lai::*' a^ !o have in it lour ehimnt>\ s. with 
 
 -t line- on each -ide that -n|i[iort the rrie/(\ cornice, 
 
 and arehit; .;\c ; aho\e. adjominii,- to tlii-:, are <i\' 
 
 voDiiiN cr eliainhi I's, all on one lloor, all the door- 
 
 cpt'iiMia,' ^o dircc 1 1 V ox'r ai^'am ^t each other, that v,mi 
 
 !ia\e a pi r-p((li\c, (*r l-illo vi -.'n. iVoni thr tir-t to 
 
 the hi-l. To thc<c adjoin manv other ehauihers and 
 
 clo-etx, bill much h -s tlian the otli.r -i\; tiie;e 
 
 l)roni:hl n- to a -rcdml marble ^talr(;^(^ which led 
 
 u- d<\v n to tile !adie>' apart .""i ; , coiitaininii,- -e^ er;;i 
 
 eliamlM r- ; thr(MiL,h tin -e w (> went to a third -ta.r- 
 
 ca-e, and IVoin thence into ane,lli''r hirri- hall, liniij: 
 
 round wiih a i^re.it luuidxr (if oial w. ii > p-.elun-- 
 
 uljoiciuL:,- to \>,l,icli are two ili:!ud>er- , the \\.'lb iii- 
 
 hiid w !tli --e\ ei a I C(doM red -tune- of \ al u:'. ( >n I he 
 
 '"'i-i- -!(je (il'ihe f chaniher- i- (he hall r.\' IJeicule-. 
 
 ' e iH, ^^ lircaiiM IJie hiiL:''.'-! in ill-' whidehou-e.
 
 Hi TRAVELS OF 
 
 Iiuijg round with the pictures of the eight electors, 
 and the representations of such hattlcs as any of 
 them have personally fought or been concerned in. 
 On the other side of this hall is the elector and 
 the elcctress's apartments^ which we were not al- 
 lowed to see^ the elector and electress being within, 
 at that time. 
 
 After this we were guided through a great number 
 of low ordinary rooms to the Antiquary, being a long 
 stone galler}', furnished with many rarities and anti- 
 quities; amongst others^ with a table of polished mar- 
 ble, inlaid with several coloured stones in the form of 
 flowers, butterflies, birds in their natural proportions 
 and colours, Ave ells in length and two and a half 
 broad. This stands at the entrance. On either side 
 of the gallery are a great company of old Roman sta- 
 tues of the most famous men and women, made (as 
 they tellyou ), in their life time, nor do theirantiquity 
 and excellency promise less. First, there is the statue 
 of Julius Cassar, and his wife's; of Lucius Caesar, 
 father to Julius, and his wife; of Augustus, and Livia 
 his wife; of Tiberius, Vespasianus, Domitianus, with 
 his wife Martia, and other Roman emperors, with 
 several of their nearest relations. There are also some 
 more modern statues of marbit ( of which are most of 
 the rest), scilicet, of Conslanline tlicGreat, hismother 
 Helena, and several others, of jVIichaelAngelo's doings 
 of about that lime At the far end arc the statues of 
 'Marcii!^ Publics C ato, IMithridates, Pompey, Mar- 
 *His Antouius, and Cleopatra, three Egyptian Gods, 
 of black niaibic, of the most prodigious shape that 
 'an be imagined, \n ith a great many other antiquities.
 
 SHI .fOH\ in:iii>in . 
 
 ii 
 
 V, liH h tho haste wc were led with thr()Hi::h the pi-ullery 
 \v(iiihi !i(>talh)\\ iiic to take iioticrof morcparticuhirl v. 
 
 At tilt' end ot' this Aiiliqiiarv is a i:;ar(hMj, throiiLrh 
 w liiih von pa^- into another, having a hniLC nn alk, \\ ith 
 a roiintaiii and urof to at ()ne end, and an arch of stone 
 at the other, the root" and sides within heini^ marble 
 iidaid with di\er> stones ot" dilleren? eoh)iirs, in tlie 
 form of a h)ni:: street, with statelv j)ahices on eaeh 
 ^uh-; indeeil, -onatural a pers[)eetiv<\, tliat voii think 
 \oii are iroini:- out ot' the \N alk into s.niit* eitv, till von 
 'ome \ iv\ near to tlie arch , 
 
 1 5 II I \N hat the\ ri'port tln^ most rare here to he seen, 
 ihev told us wa> never shown hut to persons of cx- 
 traordinaiv (jualit\ , or well known, i"earin<i- sfran^jers 
 niiii-ht rol) them of >()meof their rariti(\s, as il. ha^some- 
 tune^ haj)pened. 'i'iiis is a t^allerv furnished like a 
 -tore hou->e. with a i^reat manv to\s and devices, 
 hrouixht iVoin >-e\ eral |)arts of the world ; the ii:lass of 
 tjie iiaileiv ^ct in >-il\cr in lieu of lead, enamelled in 
 maii\ plaee^ w itli ciuerald-, riil)i(', turke\ stones, ;uk1 
 oilu'i> (lillcrciU in eohtur-. if \()U will hclieve them. 
 
 All llif rooms we saw were paved with marble, the 
 (lo(M>am! w rmlow * L:,enerall\ laeed w ith t!ir -aine, llit; 
 iron-work beloni:in<j; to the do(Us and windows, as 
 iiinti-cs, ne('k->, and lock'-, &e. carviHl and donbli' 
 <:;i!ded. an<l mo>-t ot lh' room^ paiuli ,1 abo\ e the eor- 
 mee on the roof* lu iand-canc or ima:r(r\ , \i\ lic-eo. 
 
 'l"he out lioti^c- and oilier- are -iiilahle for t lieu 
 (|nalit\ to the rc4 (l''-(ril)t d . f n the -ta!)Ie- \. >' --.r.'. 
 one liinul reel and ciii'ht \ h )i -c- for th<' -add If. (d -, \ e- 
 ral eountrie*. and two (a wl-. besulcs iho-c ioi In- 
 eoaclies Near to the :lat)lt- are fi->!i-j)oiui- en the 
 
 1 -i
 
 116 TRAVELS OF 
 
 otlicr side is tliearsen?], well furnislied with all sorts 
 of armSj both offensive and defensive. 
 
 It is said, that GustavusAdrlphus, Kip v; of Sweden^ 
 having taken this t'. svn, amj? gst others^ in his con- 
 quest of Germany, was advised to Li in it wi.'^ the 
 palace^ as belonging to his adversary ; to which he 
 answered, that could he convey it eijtire into Sweden 
 he would; but to ruin so excellent a structure would 
 be scevire in omnes, 71071 f^cevire in iinum would not 
 be an injury to one, but the whole world. 
 
 August the 17th, being the Assumption of our 
 Lady, we saw his electoral highness coming from 
 church, in liis usual state, bin: e!f only in his coach, 
 driven slowly, the nobility and oOicers of his court 
 goiiig on foot bareheaded before it, and on each side; 
 his guards following behind, which I thought very 
 extravagant, but it seems it is agrandeur those princes 
 affect on solenui d;iys At night we were admitted to 
 see the clectorand his duchess ( daughter to the ])uke 
 of Savoy) at vespers in the private chape!. 
 
 August the 18th, I left Munken wiih tiie same com- 
 pany that came wilh me from Venice, hiring horses 
 .f file carrier or mess( U2:er, who goes weekly to Augs- 
 burgh, eight ler^guc^ from Muiiken. where we arrived 
 I lie same night. 
 
 Angs])u>gli is an Iniperial or free town, havingpa- 
 It siati 111 c it.( 1 1 nt'ciii, wilhi;i itsown jurisdiction, with 
 manv oilier privileges and franchises belonging to the 
 like niMiibc s of the empire, of which 1 shall speak 
 hereafter. It stands in a large fruitful valley of corn,, 
 part of it to ihe east and north, being often over- 
 flooded, esp'^ciallv in winter. The -treets are broad,, 
 ill'' huMtes high, but for the most part built of wood
 
 ^iii .loiiN i?r.ia:>i;N . \ii 
 
 .111(1 mortar, rxccpl -(>\nc ccrtam j)alac(- Ix loiiirini:: to 
 the \\(alt!ii -I C'ili/( 11-, uliicli arc xoiiic of tVcc-toiit'. 
 otfiii- ol" britk ; llic wood !iou*('< arc mo-t paictcil 
 o\ cr, rcprc-ciil iiiu,' incn and v, oiiicM, -lor\ , hat tic-. vVc. 
 I'lic -Ivv S arc bca ill i lied \s itii -oiiic -la liic- (l bra--, 
 cxcclli lit 1 V ca- 1 . and \\ i! li coiidoil ^ tl \'. au r, hroiiiihl 
 Ml [)i()c>-, a- t!ic\ -aw iVoui the I'oiii'.taiii^ di.-taiit live 
 lcaL:iic< ;it the Ica-I. In tin- cilN arc ten (duirchcs, 
 ol' wIikIi the eaihcdral Ix loiii;^ to the Romaiii-t-, 
 ' ht>iii:h t he i:'reat<T [larl ol the iiihai)i lanl>> are l.iitlie- 
 'aii-. 'The (do( k 111 thi- {hiiich i- a liand-oiiic jiieec 
 ol work, on w hi< h are 1 lirec -la 1 le-. ! cjire-eiil iiii:" the 
 I liree w i-e men ol the ea-l . w ho h. ( arried ahoo t l)\ 
 in iron hoop, lali down and w or-hi'i) the imaiia- of our 
 Sa\iour a> the (dock -trike-. 
 
 In the ,!c-uil-' ( hiir( h tlicj'c i- a -il\ er a! tar. i;il(!cd 
 i\ er, of L;reat jUKc. 
 
 1 he -enate hcii-e i- a I'.jr hiiL.'e biiildmi:-, \n ii"re'.n 
 are thrre hal!-. Mr,eo\cr iniither. (d" ^Tcal an;! c(|'ia! 
 |)i"e|()rt len. 'I'h., hr-l -upeorl- il- ' .>[) l.s eiL'hi -tah 1\ 
 lillhii- (il poll-hei' inaidih. The -ci- ;:1 i- ce;!: ;1 :;hou ! , 
 i>a lilted . and cil I . ha \ in::' ton i' chamber- 1 !ri t cju":! ii to 
 it on the -ide-, calK'd the elector- chamber-. 'Ihe 
 tliiril I- like the -econd, iia\ in..;- three ( ha m!.n.-<, al'lev 
 the maniK r ol' the other ronr, for the ii-c ol" the 
 other t hrcc (de( tor-, at -luh lime- a- diet- (O' other 
 me<'linij,- are made here b\ the prince- ol" thecmjnic. 
 The bi-liop- rex en lie o I tin- -cc i- -o i^a'cat , that com 
 inoiiU the -on- ol' t he prima- of t lie (in pi re -li i\ e I'M 
 't; at pre-eiil i[i-cnp>\ed b\ i'rcdeiuk. Arthdnke* I 
 Aii-tria llerc thc\ >ho\\ mmi the pi uc m a lillh- 
 oldjiahuc, wlierc Martin Ln t h(M- imdannledl \ made 
 .hi- (. ()iilr--i(iii bct'oic Ch.iilc-. (he lii'lh (injuioi.
 
 US TRAVPJLS OF 
 
 The tenitory appertaining to this city is very little, 
 especially on one side of the town^ the Duke of Ba- 
 varia's ground encompassing it, whicli makes them the 
 more cautious of a surprise, keeping five liundied men 
 continually in pay for their defence, and adiuitting 
 none to enter or go forth of the town after tAvilii lit, 
 except through a postern gate vvhicli they open at all 
 hours of the night with all security, and after this 
 manner. This passage or posterji is a long stone 
 porch, divided into tw o partitions by a great iron gate 
 in the middle and two at the ends ; over this porch is 
 a tower, where the court of guard (without enquiring 
 who or vvhence you are) at your call, open the fust 
 gate by a pulley from above, wliich continues open 
 for no longer than one person, v.hether on foot or 
 on horseback, may well enter, and then claps to again 
 Avith so strong a spring, that it must crush in pieces 
 whosoever attempts entrance after the first, or two 
 at the most, have passed into the first partition : from 
 the first door you are admitted through the second, 
 that opens after the same manner, and last of all 
 through the third, which brings )ou into the town. 
 But let your company be what it may, none is allowed 
 to follow^ the first, till he have passed all the three 
 doors^ and then they begin to open them again for 
 every single person till all be admitted, never discern- 
 ing all ihe while how or by whom they are opened. 
 
 We left Augsburgh the 20th of August, hiring 
 horses of the carrier for Francfort, where we arrived 
 in five days and a half. The first place of note 
 we passed Ih rough was Dunawert, in Bavaria, for- 
 merly an Imperial town, but has since lost its liberty ; 
 o named from the great rive is Wert and Danube^.
 
 SIK JOHN RERlsnY. 
 
 119 
 
 -.nIikIi here join in one course. Four ieucrue-; fur- 
 Uicrwecume to Nordliiiircii, the iiili;ibit;mt^ all Lii- 
 ilieruns, joiiiinii; upon a larir'Mliainpaii:!!!!, \\h< it-was 
 iousrlit tiiat i;-reat battle helwivt the Ceriiiaii>; and 
 Swedes, w jicre the Duke dt" A\ enuurr was o;,>neral 
 tor the Swede^ and .lo. dc \\ ert for the (iernian*. 
 J'henee we eontiiuied our journev throui;h a ehani- 
 j).ii^ii, hut a ver\ ruiiu)u> eountr\^ e^peeialh Siievia 
 ind oint' J) irt^ ot' braneonia. t\\ o j)ruuipal j)ro\ inee-i 
 III" (icruiaiu. haviui;' been the ^eat of the late \\ar< ; 
 hen; nn c pa^^cd throui:h sillai^CN and <oine ruined 
 lowiis imudial)it<(l. much i:;i"ouiul untillcd, and tluj^c 
 people \\ r met \\ ith >o hoori>h and ruih-, that in nian- 
 ner> lhe\ "cenied little to dilfcr from beats. Our 
 acconuiuxlation was suitable, wanliiiii" sometinies 
 bcd>, but :tl\sa\-> ^heet- ; our meat, milk, butter, ;;n(l 
 rhi't'-r, and ^omclime^ jJulKt, whieh. i'or want ol 
 >pit-> t he (11^ t (uu of the count r\ 1^ to roa^t w lib "^tr iui^-; 
 water i^ the eonunou drink, mived with milk. In 
 -lime plaee> the\ ^idl a ^ort of -tiur w iiie, but at ^reat 
 r;iM'^. \\livre il is eu>tomar\ i\)r the |)easants to ^pend 
 111 l\s o h(MM s w liaf thev earn in a w eek, iind to drink 
 wat-'r the workmi:; dav<, to have the jjlea^ure of 
 beiiiii,' driuik on Siin(la\ 
 
 When ve eanu' neiir I'ranefoit, we went with a 
 eon\ o\ , which the prince^ ad punuiii: t(.t that cit \ allow 
 to pa-->eiiaei > whiUt the diet -ontinues, lor their m;cu- 
 rit\', r(d)berie< then beiii<:, Ncrv freijuent 
 
 We arri\ed at I'ram fort .Vuiiu^l the'i^ltb ; -eated 
 on the ri\er Ma'ue, at t he end ot" a i::;reat wood ft on k- 
 nid beeche- ; on the other ^idc; is a fruitful piani aloni;- 
 i he bank> ot" the river, planted w ith n inc, I ii ^e mea- 
 d(i\\- and i:-rove< ^t.tndinir ui the pro\uice of JM'-len
 
 120 TRAVELS OF 
 
 It is an Imperial town^ having more tliaii ordinary pri- 
 vileges;, being the place appointed by Charles, the 
 fourth emperor, in his Bulla Aurea, for the place 
 of meeting of the electors, and other princes of the 
 empire, for the election of the emperor, and of par- 
 liaments or diets for the dispatching of other affairs, 
 having also the greatest fair twice a year, in all Ger- 
 many. Tliis city is divided frojn east to west by the 
 said river into two parts, the bigger and the less, called 
 ordinarily Sachsenhausse, or theSaxon's ho'.ise, joined 
 by a bridge of stone, and governed by the same laws 
 and justice. It is called Fiancfort h''Cimfurf, a ford, 
 s and Franc, signifying French, ^a.sz French-ford ; 
 for, says Atlas ; Fertur Cavulus magnus, Fran- 
 corum Rex, cum Saxonas hello urgcret, sa'pius re- 
 Ijellcs, et Mcenifiuminis alveo pra'sidentcs (quod nul~ 
 lus adhuc pojis ripasjungeret)subitb occultis xadis 
 Francos traduxisse, et Saxoiias in adversaiii ripam 
 7iOii opinanter devicisse ; inque ejus ret memoriam, 
 loco nojuen et pr^rogativas quasdam declisse. 
 
 The Imperial Chamber was first here instituted, 
 the highest court of judicature, and of last appeal in 
 the empire, since translate^ to Spire. 
 
 The town-hall is a arreat irregular buildino:, where 
 the emperors, when chosen, first dine; before it a 
 great place ; in the midst of it a handsome fountain, 
 which runs wine at the day of the coronation, and 
 some other solemnities. 
 
 In the less city is a house formerly belonging to 
 the Knights of the Teutonic Order, and a sanctuary; 
 which privilege it continues to this day, where bank- 
 rupts and manslayers are allowed refuge for four- 
 teen days. In this city the Jews have a street to
 
 Slli .IDHN Ki:K!>iJ\ 
 
 i-'i 
 
 li;- ii,-,'lv<'-. i'litl a s\ !iai;(ii:'ii'. Ijiit \\iai a di-tiiiftiou 
 upon (heir lial- to \)v known l)\ a> llit \ |i a!-,, in 
 tiio'^c t(t^\n^ ol' It.il\ wlicrr [\u\ an- liilcratcil. 'I'h. \ 
 pcrforni tlicii dcs at :(tll^ \\illi llu Ic.i-l icNtiaan..^ 
 iniauniaMc, -ittiPLi upon tlnar t:',ii-. ilnar In-ad^ <i)- 
 M'lcd, nnIiiUi IIn' law i- i, ivi to t^rin L\ IIil- prn-t, 
 :i- al-o wlii!-t th( ii;'^' li..' pi-;i!!n- i^t' l).i\i(l. N\iiitli 
 all paii'oiiM t't^ct!, i' \\ ilh untuiit .:')ic lioiniaMiu' Ica'.c- 
 riio wonuai aif ( jaratod iVoin tin* n'.on \)\ a j)ai- 
 
 I 1 i lull, that t Iii\ >>! ( llol o:;.' [IWr.', !;;! . 
 
 1 lit j)c-t < hii; c li \- (1( (lie a tod t; Si ]>artI:ol(M!ifW 
 w luic the taiip( i >'i' i- of iair clio- 1 n 1)\ t lir >i;lVrai:'Cs 
 of the tdcctoi- ; liul roiuK'rl\ lli('\ ^^(^c luiiiur 
 clio^i!) in llir i niircli nor town. Iml n: a laiLi'i- tichl 
 adjciniiiL:,- tluTcto; ;//>/. (^sa\> in\ aullior , ^i discur- 
 r/ /////,'',"N >'///"/ j^//s. (-///// /"o/-///,s.s7's .{ ;/ . I i:. : . :i!o\ 
 ,'\/w./s /,.'/, .-{ij o)-(HiL- iiufluin (idtuiUi i\ i.-r u- 
 :rilt! r/'/.T/'.s./r/ ',' N ,'////.', 7;// ,/</// (ilf( /() r 0/;,s('r///vs( / (IIil 
 ///. /w' '/:/ villi'' in ni^^ii. i'.ii ut innis fnr( id ) rrv- 
 >i I ( ! . iiffi)- ///i/i //'/v t! timii'l'is (;!>ir(t. 
 
 Til! Iiajip, lU'd ])rt\M\t la \\is of l)a\ana (usually 
 ; ,.!i((l LiidoN i(ai^ (^)cia. rtn-) and l-'r((l(M-i(k of A 'I- irnij 
 hot !i cho-.ai a t l-'ranclort. '!Ii< Wv-^i hail t'n> (drcior- 
 ot' Mci.tz , 'I' 1: ",(<, t fif Kma; ot" IJiduaiiia, anal ot" I'ran - 
 iLiihu'.Lth on hi^ .-uh'; the othrr tlu' l-".lc(.tor ol" (.'u- 
 loirat'. tin' i'janca Palatira' and ot"Sa\on\. on lii>. 
 I'oiit of l.'icni k; pt out of tlu' town, till. 111 tho \i'ai 
 I.').'.), at'lci <(\cial cnntlul^, Lewi-. ii\ o\ crcoraii!::' 
 I''i(h'i irk , and takiiiL hiin pri-oncr. uof both adnii-- 
 Mo'i mid ' he (Miipii ('. 
 
 '1 lit' -;i!iii' w a - di-piittd hclwixt tlu' (omit (d 
 "'^< h\sart/!)iir::!i and ! iciu s the r'onrth. til! tin tor - 
 tune of tin- -woid ::;;\e it to the la-! : \\\\o. to pre-
 
 J22 TRAVELS OF 
 
 vent the like controversies for the future^ made 
 some laws^ with the consent of all the princes of 
 the empire^ to which they were to appeal in such 
 difficulties^ called Bulla Aurea; whereof they show 
 you here the original, written in Latin, preserved 
 in the town-house with great care. 
 
 The inhabitants, as to their religion, are either 
 Lutherans, Calvinists or Papists ; but not many of 
 the two latter, none being admitted into any office 
 of trust or credit within this city but Lutherans. 
 
 The 14th of August was the day appointed for 
 the meeting here of the electors, by the Elector of 
 Mentz, who, as chancellor of the empire, has power 
 lo convoke them in case of interregnum, but thev 
 came not, many difficulties arising to be decided 
 before the election, which they thought best to deter- 
 mine by their ambassadors, ere they came in person. 
 These ambassadors made their entrance into Franc- 
 fort, with no less state and retinue than their mas- 
 ters themselves, and were received by the town with 
 no less solemnity. 
 
 The ambassador for the King of Hungary arrived 
 the same day as we, attended by fifteen coaches with 
 six horses a-piece, nine waggons with goods and bag- 
 gage, covered with houses or sumpter-cloths, and 
 drawn likewise by six horses; each fifteen footmen, 
 all mounted, and several fine led horses. He was 
 received out of the town by the burgomaster or 
 chief magistrate, attended by the rest of the officers 
 of that corporation, and several citizens, with the 
 town militia, who conducted him into the city with 
 colours flying, drums beating, and trumpets sound- 
 ings to the house designed for him; but this madr
 
 siK JOHN iii:i{i:sijv 
 
 i-j:; 
 
 IK) iricut -how, the :iiul):i;-:i{l<)r, w itli lii>' tr;iiii being 
 in iiioiirniiii:; for tlu' lute (lt't(*;i('(l (iiij)rr)r. 
 
 TIiciiiosl sj)K'iuli(l tMihuncc \\;i>< that of MtuiMfur 
 (If (i raininout , Diikc Piii>, and Mai-hal (!' I'lancc, 
 and of Mon-icMi- dc [.\oiU'. both joined in coninu-- 
 sion from llic rrcnch kinii-, h'd into I lie town a> the 
 former, bv the buiL^mna-ter- and the re-t of the ei- 
 ti/.en>; at'ter them t\Nent\--i\ of the aniba<ador- 
 iniile', h)a(hnl with trunk- covered willi \el\et 
 hin-f<, with a ir'ld and -iUer fiina'e ten inehe^ 
 (i <.'[) ; then t w i nt \ - 1 \n o paLi'e^ m i<'d liN erie-. e(i\ ered 
 with LTohl and -iUvT \dcc. rich f'vMther-, -ilk -toek 
 iiii:-. and hieed liniiiii:; tlien eii^litx aenthMuen of 
 till' aniba--a(bii- retinue, all well clad and mounted ; 
 (hen the ainha->a(lor>' led hor-e- tweKc in nuinbei', 
 and mo>t of them barb-; then the tw('ntv--i\ foot- 
 men in the -ame liserie- u- the ])ai;-es, but not allo- 
 -etlier -o rich; then la-l of all the aml)a--ador-, 
 with -ome -er\a!it- behind them; after them twelve 
 coaches with -i\ hor-e> a-piece, mo-t ol them liiuii 
 \\ith red 'alin or \el\ct, riclilv lacc-d with <;-old ami 
 -il\er; and in the rear ot' all four w auii'oiK. drawn 
 (M'lvoiie b\ lour hoi-e-, tosered with red Inui-e-. 
 lucfd like the re-t . 
 
 Se\eral other amba--;idor- arri\ed diirini2; m\ -l:iv 
 iiere a- tlu' Prince Ideclor I'alatine, the I'.lectoi ol' 
 I Dloirne, (d" 'l're\e-, and (tlier-, which I omit liie 
 re hitioii of, bec;iu-e interior to tin-. 
 
 Sej)Icmber the l,)tli bea-an that o t'amoii- fair, or '^ 
 mart, of l-ranclort , furni-hed with commoditie- from 
 all pari- of Mnrojie, -ome liom \-ia and Xnnrica; 
 it la-t> three \s tck - J>ook- are here -old of a 1 1 -ort-, 
 'id Ml .ill lanj,-ua;r(-'^, but ino-^t in loo-e -liect-.
 
 iii'k TRAVELS OF 
 
 whence it is called Nuiir/hialifi jJnsariim Acade- 
 niia, and Francafur tenses Athence Aruuincus says. 
 Est Clara cmporio 
 
 l;rbs k Fruucoruin sic vocitaUi, vudo 
 Cui nil Di supeii, cui nil natiira ncgavit ; 
 Nam si qua; desunt, nee sibi numdus habet. 
 
 The town that hath its name from Frenclimcns-toid; 
 
 So famous for its mart, that doth afford 
 
 All that both God and nature can be.4o\v ; 
 
 For when that wants, the w orld must want it too. 
 
 Though Francfort ^vas a very pleasing sojourn 
 before the fair, by reason of the many several curio- 
 sities, the great concourse of people, &c. yet it was 
 chiefly so then ; the whole three weeks aff'ording 
 variety of shows^ phiy^j the ambassadors feasting 
 one another^ and such like diversions. 
 
 The fair ended, mucli of the company began to 
 go away^ especially tiiosc led by curiositv, the win- 
 ter beginning to come on, and new diUicuities daily 
 arising as to the election, which it was believed 
 would require some time to reconcile. One was, 
 the King of Hungarx being under eighteen years 
 old, and so incapable, by the im|)riial hi\v.>, of being 
 elected emperor; another was the great endeavours 
 of the French King either to get himself or the 
 Duke of Bavaria elected, hoping thereby to weaken 
 the interest of the house of Austria, Another was, 
 the inferior princes of the empire insisting upon a de- 
 putation council to be called^ promised them bvthc 
 late emperor, for rectifying some grievances which 
 the last diet had not time to amend; nhicli the elec- 
 tors had no mind to grant, before a new election ;
 
 sni JOHN [^:IUMI^-. 
 
 I J, 
 
 jjicadinir tlial irr:uit lo be dead wiih tlir < in|)cr(ir : 
 but the prince-; iii-i-tcd on tbcir reiim-l, I. liiim; 
 ihtiii. fbat power N\a< bxlizTd in tbrm w iiic li %. a- be- 
 fore in the emperor, >o tliat it took up huh b tunc. 
 
 \iiotber wa- the b)\\rr -talc- and jirincf-" jxlihon, 
 l"or (he eontirniatioii of the ])eaeo of Minister; bv u 
 <laii-(' i;i wjuc'i th;'\ ehalb'uijce a j)ri\ih'<re '('.'// s/'- 
 /////// (Li.ili i:i I It cfi'iN: nt '. for lbe\ arc anibiliou- 
 ot" iiolhiiij: nioif than a tini!;er ni llie i IcetK n. IJnt 
 the ( l( rti'i- would no wav- con-ent Un-reto. a^ wcl! 
 on! ol' a dc^irt' to i>i('-er\e that j)reri>i:'atn i' entiic tc 
 t!i(nicl\(-. a^ aUo o\it ol tVar to di-oblii^c the 
 I'remb, b\ r(^l^In^ that peace, w Iio [)rt'l('inl it to 
 be broken b\ tho einp('ror'> -iMidiiii:' force- auain-t 
 the Duke of Modtiia. u'cncral of tlie I'rench force--, 
 iii their all( nipt upon Al ilan. 
 
 \!l thc-c diirieultie- were to be reconcih-d ere 
 thi \ could piixeed to the (diM'tioii ; "O that nothini:; 
 rcniauiiiiL:" nun r to be -ecu. without -ta \ ma- the w boh' 
 wuil-r. I hi't I'ranctort the |t )tb ol' ( )ct<)ber. I').)7, 
 intindiiii:' t(i jKi>- down the ri\er IJliine, info ||o|- 
 htiid. and -o ai^ain into fiance. Some (ierman ofeii- 
 th-mtii ;];!,! niNM-lf took ,1 boat at Iraiietoit wlwch 
 carried u--i\ mih - that aftcinooTi. to MenI/, lh( 
 u-iial rc-idriM r (d" the (dcctoi t)l that name, \vhere 
 be balli a L!ieat (a-lle ad|oininii- to the church, 
 esteemed t(t lia\e the hiiLi'est and bc?t painted w m- 
 (b)W - ot alls in (lei niaii\. 
 
 Here tile ri\er Maine i iin- into the Rhine the 
 be-t river, ih \l the D.iiiuhe, in Miirope, (,t' \sho-;' 
 liead or tountam I ha\i' forir.crU nuoW W' ntmn. 
 'i i\ uil:- p;i->cd IK ar unto it a-> I enlert li inie T ha 
 
 'he- -ti cam of thi-. ri\ el i- -o \ udcnt t ha: iI : - i i i \
 
 r2() tllAVELS OF 
 
 navigable downwards^ which made ouv journey ex- 
 peditious and pleasant. 
 
 The 1 Ith^ we refreshed ourselves at a place called 
 Baccaract (quasi Bacchi iSra) from an altar au" 
 tiently erected to Bacchus^ (whose ruins are yet ap- 
 parent) which makes it of a long standing, and an- 
 ciently famous for the best wine^ growing upon the 
 banks of that river, which reputation it still pre- 
 serves ; this is within the palatinate. 
 
 Some few leagues further, we passed by an ancient 
 tower, built almost in the middle of the river, called 
 ilatts' Tower, near unto Bingen, which the people 
 there tell you is so called, upon this occasion : in the 
 pear 9()8, Hatto, second duke of Franconia, after- 
 wards chosen Archbishop of Mentz, in atime of great 
 famine and scarcity, sunmioned together a great 
 number of poor people, with promise of relief^ but 
 instead thereof, put them all into a barn, and set it 
 on fire, saying, they were the rats which devoured 
 the food of the land ; whereupon the vengeance of 
 Heaven pursued him with so great an army of those 
 animals, that they fell upon him in the closest rooms, 
 finding passage througli the chimneys and the least 
 crannies, till at last. Hying to this tower, which he 
 caused to be made lor his security, thcv followed 
 fiim ojie night through the water iji gr;at droves^ 
 -ind devoured him. 
 
 That night wc lodged at >t. Verre, and fhe next 
 ihiy, being the J.'ith of October, we dined at Ci>- 
 blent'/, a large t(\\n, situate where the river Mose 
 Falls into the Khine. Here the Mose is vtry large^ 
 having over it a stately bridge of fourteen large 
 iirchc^; at one end of this bridge stands the to'S'vn,
 
 SIR JOHN in:in:snv. 
 
 127 
 
 if tlif other :i fori l)ol()ni:;'iiii: to the llKc tor ol' 
 'rri'\c>, callod I Icnncr-lni, \\ illi a iVcoluiir palace 
 altrr the modrrii mode, adjoiiiiiiL:,' tlicrcto. 
 
 TluMcahoiil, the couiitrv w ;i^ in their \mtaL'"t', to 
 the j)r('jiidue of a :reiitlcmaii ol oiir coiiijjaiiN , who 
 Mirt'citcd \>illi catiiiij: iho'-e de! iiiou- i:ra[)f> l^tow inii; 
 upon the hank^ of thi. river. 'I'hat luuhl \\c h)ilired 
 at an oh-cure \ illaiic eaUed I lament can. 
 
 The next moniinir we j)a^>ed b\ a irrtMt town 
 called IJow, l)i loiiLi:mLr to the I'Jector ol" ('ohi<i;ne, 
 w line lie tlien \\a>. and that ine-ht we reached Co- 
 
 il: nc 
 
 ( 'nh'i'in fl(^r)'iht(l. 
 
 ('olojxne 1- one of llie hcsf citieN in (iernianv^ 
 -eated upon the ri\(M' Uhine ; the street^ ai'e lari;'ej 
 the hon*i- hii^'Ii, the eliurehe^ and niona>'terie> u,'reat 
 and nnnieiiin-^. 'I lie to\sii-]iall i- a >tali'l\ biiiUl 
 n\i!; : owv the jtorlal are wntl'Mi ^e\c!al l.atwi in- 
 ^{riptnn<, e\pre^-ii!^' the o( ea-ion ol th.' hu^iduia" 
 ot tlii^ eit\ }i\ \:.iippa. coii^m lo \ii:j:u-tn- ("r-ar, 
 "///(/. t liinder Mm' i,n nr-i()i.- oi" I h;' >iievi nito 
 I he lo\s CI' |i,i it ~ ot ( i< ! ;nan \ 
 
 in the i')\'. ti loom- arc i^epl t'ne e..nrt^ ot j::,Miard ; 
 in tlie lii-t >tiM \ the -cnaje dolh a--cnil)le, the erond 
 "^lorv ((III! lined a ^ireal nninl)er of ilonian aiin^, di-- 
 trihulcd into -r\eral ( hainijer- ; a- al-o the third. 
 ^c ///(- / l/ii(!vl('i'. -ouie of which are o!' w hale-hone : 
 tr('--how -., and a litc it niinihci- of l)')!l- Aiiionij'-' 
 others tht;re w a- one ot' tho-e inaclmj:- Li-cd i)s the 
 Iv(inan> for a !)atter\. called llalli-ta. u :'. - - <.,\- 
 .?.v, ironi dartinj tmih an\ thuiLi" ; it v-'.' .1 '< '1 like 
 a cro-^-i-bow , bnlnuicii hij'i'T tl-;- h ^ ; l!' wa..
 
 i,98 TRAVELS OF 
 
 cf a ^vllale's rib, and as thick as aii ordinary man s 
 middle^ but smaller towards the cnds^ three ells 
 longj and the string of a great many small threads^ 
 twisted together, proportionably large ; the stock 
 was a groat piece of wood, hollowed for the lying 
 and more convenient emission of the bolt, which was 
 thicker than an ordinary leg, especially towards one 
 end, shod with iron. This, when fastened between 
 two planks in the desired situation, two men bended 
 with an engine to the due height; the ballister, by 
 touching a spring or nutt, letting it oil", which sends 
 away the shaft with an incredible force. 
 
 From tlie top of this house is an easy and pleasant 
 prospecf of the whole town, it being higher than any 
 steeple there. 
 
 The cathedral is a fair church, but imperfect^ 
 neither the steeple nor body of tlie church beins: 
 brought to their first intended hciglit 
 
 There they show several reliques; among others, 
 the bones of elevv'i! tliousaiid virgins of this country, 
 who, for the more easy practice of their Christian re- 
 ligion, followed a king of Englj 'd's daughter to 
 Cologne, and were ail there martyrized with their 
 leader, by a ki;ig<;f tb.e ffnnns. 
 
 Tlie trnnLA of llie three kings tluii came to worship 
 our Savio'sr, first buiied at AIHan, and afterwards 
 tra.n'iited liit^cr iij on a certain day, which they yet 
 obsc-Ne as the grealest festival of Ihc vvliolc year. 
 Thuir } ) ij^-s, dried !ik mununy, arc ihat day exposed 
 tc p -*)'ic iew, iru- toinh oeing v uovcr.d. One of 
 them (tiiey fell von) is i such t)lar'k r tVian the rest, 
 which the t;ikc Jo !)c the iv'ng of /Kthiopia All the 
 pilgrims (whose devotions lead tlicm thilher), that
 
 >iV, .lOIIN Kri{l>li\. !.' 
 
 fl,i\. an trcMlcd and waiU'd on at iiical 1>\ tlu -ciia- 
 f(M > h;i rclootfd . 
 
 Nc ir to this tiMiil) lic^ a \ a-t ^'loiic, w Iiic I: tl!.'\- Nil 
 ^'lii Hir d"\;l tlircw in at tin- toj) ol tlir (liiiii !i to 
 d(-t''(!\ il, w Im-h Ir.'aNcn iniratMiloii-1 \ diNiilrd; 
 ^liow i!!<i- a ; lOind plat'c ni t!u' ifpair cl" I I;l' luol". w lir. 
 il .-joiiid ciit-'i'. 
 
 I'l llii-i ( liurch ur' al-o the toinl)> oC several (dre- 
 tots in bra--; and ol (t lier prnu'e- ol" tin' <Mi)[)ire, To 
 flu (anon- ol' ihe -ani<- Inleii^'s a L;it'at icNcnne, none 
 benii; ;;diniited nilo liial ntunlti'i' I)nl persons ot" e\- 
 ti aordni.i ; \ (juaiiiv, ol wliuli onl\ fho-ie \\ln ar<' 
 re'ildeni can ir(('\e r.]c prollls of their place-; troni 
 anionii'-t wlion^ are e\ ir eho-rn (he tliri'c eccleia-tiea I 
 tdeetoi'- wl' the e;u[;ii e 
 
 'I'hc ;t\l ( hineh ol nole i^ that of lh(^ Je-iiil-, 
 'Mill I afie.- I h>- ni.Mlei II ii-e : in I lie ni :dd h' a Hex . u'oni:;- 
 lip ot ;!ie ( licii' -Oiud lonr'oaai e\('(dl( iil -lahie-, our 
 "a \ loll ' - \\ I i !i -; \ tt I lie apo-l li'- on one h-aiid . our 
 l,a('\'- will: Iil'' othei' -i'. , on the oliier -nh-. i".') 
 hi^^ii a'ltai' I- i-o'hi\ uiit; o\'-r il h ii'j.' tl <c.- \rv\ an- 
 te;' I pi(t;!i(" l)e-nie> ni;ii!\ oiliei- (ii-U'ihiil-d lo 
 ot hci" :i! t.i r- and place- o! t iie (dioi r. 
 
 i he ur* Mf-t pai'i oi' ihr iidn-hilanl- o!" I ',,- ( i! , ;i; 
 l'(Mnani-l-. none heiiej,- :ille\sed (he p;i!dif pia.e!i:e 
 <d their ladiiiionuut thne; wav. h'. ;i'afehiu c i \ 
 an\ man \ and -eUh' aen e;.>-t liiem. th;ii i- a jiiwl -- 
 lani ; w h k h -e\ erit \ . \s 1 1 h ot Ihm - in t lia! iv iii,l . '!,i\ .- 
 '! the n;inu' of Ilonia ( <t'n,>aiiic;i. 
 
 'I he M o;;u'n hei( fid h)\\ n: wch I lie mode oi" 1' i ahanl 
 "MarniL;- i:i)on llieii" (ok InaoU a lonnd p aik lii.e uii'o 
 .' -auc( r, ofhhMdv ', (d", el . iVoiii t he niidiMe i i ^- a Macd*. 
 'lal'v of Ih'' -;.< :ir>! I< n-'th of a m;iii - line.-ri , I u fled
 
 130 TRAV^ELS OF 
 
 witlisilk at the end; from the back of their heads there 
 falls a black veil down to their heels, like widows. 
 
 The elector is owned as lord of this citj^ but can- 
 not continue tlierein more than three days^ without 
 leave from the burgomasters. 
 
 Here was born Bruno, the founder of that strict 
 order of the Chartric, by the rules of which establish- 
 ment the monks are never allowed to eat flesh, or to 
 speak one to another, except at certain times, and 
 those but few. 
 
 The 16th of October we continued our journey 
 down the river, discovering a great number of towns 
 and great houses as we passed, on the banks of the 
 river; amongst others Dusscldorff, a great castle and 
 a town, the Duke of Neuburg's residence; a little 
 further a fortified town called Rossaw. At night we 
 lodged at a little town, where they began to speak 
 Low Dutch. 
 
 The next day we yaw Rainsburgh, a strong town 
 well garrisoned by the Dutch; Wesell, which we 
 dur^t scarcely look into as we passed, being at that 
 time infected v. ith the plague, 
 
 Schenkensehans. where we lay that night, is well 
 fortified both by art and nature, the river surround- 
 ing it, 80 that there is no access but by a wood 
 bridge.' From the lop of the works we had a plea- 
 sant prospect into the level country thereabout^ well 
 stored with towns, amongst which Cleve seemed to 
 raise its head as metropolis, belonging to the Elec- 
 tor of Brandenburgh, and his usual residence 
 
 At Schcnkenschans the Rhine divides itself into two 
 branches, one conthiuing its name, the other called 
 Wael, which we followed to Nimegucn, where we
 
 Slli .FOIIN Ri:!iisin . I.JI 
 
 {iiiird ; the capital ol' ( (h'ldna, one of the -(\ ealccii 
 |)i o\ Mice- of tilt' \f tiler lands. 
 
 I'rtori' I '_:"( laitlier I'loin (icniianv, i;i\;' tuc Icinc 
 ?<) iii VI' a short a( coiMit ot" tlic foiistiliitioii ol" the (m r- 
 iiiaii ^(\('rmn;'iit, as alx) of ^iicli cii^toiiis as I ch- 
 scrvc'd j)ra{t iscd aiiioni;- that people. 
 
 The (leiinaiis count their oriii^iual tVoiii \caiiiij-, 
 till' 'Oil ot' (rotiier, file ()n of Japliet. the sou ol' 
 Noah, and conceiNc iheiiiseUcs called d'enuaii*. 
 V '<./w' //,///( s. 
 
 ( M iiiKiiiii- \ >, ii.iht li.ili ( 1 1 .L> I, 'Til .\" .r 
 
 (Jum(1 I'l.itruiii ^uli ant iiittr ^r xivcit- mhik'. 
 
 'l"()\\ar(N the decleii>i()n ol" the empire, tliev were 
 called .l/lt uKunii. (jiuisi onniis }>l(iNt. it in t')tinu 
 fo'tts \iri, (/v'/s/ .lll-nian, \vhi<'h !> now their more 
 Liciieral 11, im', ihotiLrh it \\a> once {)arlien!ar to the 
 iniia!)! tant- oi' SucNia. il( l\eha. and l)a\;'.ria. T.'ie 
 eiiiji;; I' w a- f ran-]:, ted iiitlier in the pe>-on of Cliai!''* 
 till' (iicai, wlio h'liij.- IviiiLi,- of l-'ranre. and 'all.',! to 
 !';. lie to t'lr rc-;Mie ot" I'cen' Leo lii. theft' he-i'':i,-''(l 
 h\ I )(-:(li , 111-^. the la-L kiiiL;- ot' Lomhaid v, \". on \\ ilh 
 i! al! Ilit I;'-* ol' llal't. and \\a< crowned emperor at 
 lioini- t,i the \earS!)(i, Vhont that true llii're \s a- a 
 inarnaLT'' pi"o})oM'd het >\ i\I I re;ir, lOmpre-- ot"( 'o:isI;l!1- 
 tiiioplr a-id ('hailc- ih.' (ireat. wliieii (Cie Nicepho 
 ni*. her ridation. nndcr-laudinii'. ^nrpri-eil t!ie <'n:- 
 [)rf-. and >-rnt h- r [iri-oiiii" ti Ij-bon, u^nrprd Inr 
 empire, and a^aei d ii jmui a e.rtain di\ iion id ! he t \'> ' 
 ^inl)l|.s /, i[h (diarle> the ( reat ; hali' ol' I i.ah |o ao- 
 P'lta. m to Ih'- on.' a, mi liie o! !i'-r fiali" to i!; o:!i"i . a- 
 hiuiml'irir-. (i.'i!-, \ t i;,ee 'vn a- to remain t'n'.' .ir,A not. 
 mliicvL to (M ' '
 
 152 TRAVELS OF 
 
 After this, Charles conquered all Germany^, though 
 it is saidj it rather willingly submitted itself to him 
 for his jrroat raerit, and the relation lie had to their 
 country, hii-prcdecessors beingof the Geraianprinces : 
 for;, says Carion, CaroH magni paraiteG Gcrmanici 
 ])rincipe^ fuermit et ducalum hcreditariiun circa 
 Rlienum finmen liabuerunt . The empire continued 
 ^n the race of Charles the Great forty years, till with 
 the kingdom of Italy it came to the Italian princes, 
 Beringario Duke of Friuli being saluted emperor and 
 king of Italy, by Pope Adrian III. 884, which he 
 continued a short time; Guido, Duke of Spoleti, 
 divesting him of it, and enjoying that quality given 
 him by Pope Steven, till he was also overcome and 
 ousted by Arnolphus, of tlie race of Ciiarles the 
 Greal, in tlie year 8*J5; from liim Reringarius reeo- 
 ver(Ml the empire, but soon hsst it to Otho fviug of 
 A 1 mania, who was crowned emperor at Rome by 
 John, the I'^lh pope, in the vear IHil ; since when it has 
 been fixed to the German nation, and called Impc- 
 rium Romannm Gcnncuucinn. Tlie model of it, as 
 it remains at this day, was established by Henry, the 
 four til eniperor, who made certain nec(;ssary laws, 
 f^r the more rommodious chodsing of emperors, and 
 the recUfyiiig of such matters as h-.id formerly em- 
 broiled the states ot the enpiro, v,hieh he called 
 IhiUa Aunci, to thiS day siiiclly obfjcrved. 
 
 'ilie empire consists of C;esar al the head, and se- 
 condly, electors of the princes and free cities, as tlie 
 members called the states. A new eniperor is elected 
 cither upon the death or resignation of hispredecessor. 
 The electors of the empire are now eight. The 
 Biithops of Men!'/, Treves, Cologne, the King of
 
 <\\{ .lOIIN RilUl.^iJN 
 
 i.;j 
 
 !*(]i< niia, the Pii I we I 'a 1,1 tine. I )iilvfnr - i\(in\ . I )i;ki- 
 ol'ljaNuria. and Mai (pii- .if liraiidciihiii :j:Ii. 'riic-r 
 liaM' i)iil\ ~iilh"aii-i' ill tlic clrcl loii .S, (7//v/\ nl' f^ liv- 
 ^uriiorlniib'i'< iji/i.s cnti. r'r((Lrici Siri''../i hrt-- 
 riuin (!i<j,i h'llis (',r irihu\ s^r/'/'/v I >/ !i }'f iii^-,t /'/- 
 dititi'i , ^1 . all llir rc-l dC the vt;ih'^ hciiiii- <'\clii(lc(! 
 who till the i.i^'u r,\ i rc'lcriclv ijic Sccoiul had aUo 
 Mii'ir NOM'; thi- wa-ah.xit tlr.' vcar I'j.').'). tliallln^ 
 [)it\\ r (d f!c(l(M sNa* [dacfd tmU \n -^cNcn. 
 
 'I lir (lfctitr ('(l*'-'ia-lic,il ai>' ihc ihrct' arcli- 
 l>i-h()j)-; tlif -tcnlar oiic- arc tlio-f ol liolicaiia , the 
 Palatinate. >a\()i\. n.i\aiia, and IJiaiidi iilni|-:^li . 
 
 The (dci'toral jHJWCr ad!irri'; idI to their per* )n<. 
 hut j)riiu ij) dit'c-, int'.) -a !ii( !i the three ec(de-!a-tiea! 
 are cdected, a-.-d ihe K:;.^- of [Joi ema ; the \\\[\i 
 filler- ha\e ih.em h -. ' u<e"v.:;it \.l>i(i: tailiiiL;". tiu' 
 t'lnpei-or then heinu' ha- r)o\\er tt) e"n tifnle oilier-. 
 
 'Ihe manner ot tli" > !,-( litn i- ihii- : -'/he S'/eeioi 
 of Ment/ I- to i:-i\ e no! u t > all tne e lee tin'- within 
 one inont h al [er t he death vit i I; > enip' lOr to a- ar, hie 
 w I til 111 t hree month- lie \t to llo-A . '- at I r ineloi t . loi 
 lh' ( lioiee ot a new emperor ; that no eh-elor hiin^ 
 w itii hini aho\ e l\'. o hundred hor-e. ol" w io( h ii It \ are 
 onl\ to he armed ; and that the eiti/.en* ol" I'ran; I'nt 
 admit none to enter hut that luimher. w Iiet her aj>;i'; - 
 'aininii; to thetdeetor* or other-, ol" w liat (j nail t\ *oe\ er 
 Ijeiii:;- a->>(anhled, tlie\ hear ma-- in the < Inireh tit 
 St. liartholomew ; whuh done, thev are ^worn to 
 (dioo-e a lit per-on kini:- ol" the Kmiian- for he mn-t 
 he l\ iiii:' ot" the I* nman- Ind'ore he i- ! .mperoi with- 
 out hrihiM'N or reward; and tin- to he done \sithin 
 Miirlv davs, or that tlnw -hall drink water and eat 
 MothmLi' hul hread, till the (dei lion he made.
 
 134^ TRAVELS OF 
 
 The order of giving their votes is^ that the Elec- 
 tor of Menlz first gives in his to tlie rest of the elec- 
 tors, and then takes theirs^ first of the Bishop of 
 TrevCj then of the Bishop of Cologne, next of the 
 King of Bohemia's, next the King of Bavaria's, (who 
 has now the palatine's place), then the Saxon's, the 
 Brandcnburgh's, and lastly the Palatijie's, That per- 
 son is elected that has most votes ; and an elector's 
 vote in favour of himself, is valid. 
 
 As soon as chosen, the emperor, in observance of 
 liis oatl)^ is to confirm all the liberties and immunities 
 of the empire and electors, before he intermeddles 
 v.ith the government; which done, he is declared 
 chosen to the people, by the Bishop of Ment/^, and 
 then crowned after this manner : First, he is 
 anointed ; then he receives the imperial ensigns, a 
 crown, a sword, a golden ball with the cross upon 
 it, and the liabit. lie receives these from the hands 
 cf the Bishop of Cologne. He takes two oaths, one 
 before the coronation, to preserve the catholic faith, 
 the liberties of the empire, to reign according to 
 justice and the laws of the land; another after, to 
 pay due honour and respect to the Pope,- The 
 crown is of gold. 
 
 Formerly the emperors were crowned with two 
 other crowns; one of iron at Milan^ by the bishop 
 thereof; and another of thorns, by the Pope at 
 Borne, and afterwards with one of gold ; till then lie 
 was rather called Jici Romauor^iin, or clcctus, than 
 emperor. But it was determined in the year J3.'i9, 
 in an assembly of the states at Cologne, Lewis the 
 Fifth being then chosen King of the Komans :
 
 SIR JOIIX Hl'KJSIJY 
 
 1:0 
 
 l.i snhi clcctionc sfjitiDi lit'oruni Inipcrcitovi }n cot' 
 t<)i(lum sine papw consensu : non cnini coromitur 
 nt I nipcraloi' sit ; scd cnn Inipcrator sit, idin ut 
 iorofu (nr. 
 
 Tluit [ho \()l('s of the elector^ alone iiuitlc the ein- 
 IXTor, \>itli()iit tlu' consent of tlie])oj)e; tor he is n(t 
 crowned tliat lie niav be emperor, but nn hen heiseni- 
 jH-ror therelore to be crowned. 
 
 Charles the I'ii'lh was the la^t cni))eror that w a> 
 
 < row lied at Ronu\ L pon evers new election a i^reat 
 tribute i> laid upon the empire^ towards tlie char^'c 
 ol ih's OIK r u>ual \ o\ aire. 
 
 Alter the coronation, the emperor dines in public, 
 ittendcd b\ the Elector of lirandenburiih. in the 
 ([tialitv of liii:li chamberlain; bv the Palatine, a- 
 chiet'w alter ; b\ the I) like of Saxon v. as s word- bearer; 
 1)\ the Ivinir <f iMdiemia, as butler ; and the three 
 archbiliopN a* clianc(dlor> of the empire, accordiiii;' 
 to the>e ver>e-of l^apaberir de ,1 uribus linjierialibus. 
 
 <Juill!)t I Ill,|Kril Mt ( ,III(.''1I,1IUH linpilii, 
 
 1 .1 I'.il.timiv (l.ipitcr, ilu\ |>()rliti(i'ii-i-< 
 
 M.iitliiii |ii< pu-itti-, c;tiiiir;i' |>m(ciiKi I{)li;rmii>. 
 
 nil >l,itiiiiiit (ioiniiiuiii ciiiiclis |)tr iccula Miiniiiuiii. 
 
 Iiut at pre-enf the Palatine Iiath lo-^t his place to the 
 I5a\arian, and is in lieu thereof Pra'J\ctus .Kracii, 
 or trea^llrer. 
 
 The second dei;rf<' of the 'tales are the prince> o( 
 tlie empire, and the-e are either re (le>-ia>tical. or ^e- 
 
 < ular ; the secular oiie> are <>U( h earl->, \i-coiiiit^, 
 biivoiH, and what titles soe\er, a^ duke^, anhdnki-s^ 
 "lar(jui^^es, and landL''ra\ c-,. w hobv \ irtue ot tlu ir tree
 
 J5G TRAVELS OF 
 
 tenure of lands and territories within tlieempire;, have 
 jus sufjragii in comiliis, tlieir votes in the assembly 
 of the states, of which are these families, Dukes of 
 Saxony, Bavaria, the Prince Palatine, heinc: both of 
 the same, Dukes of Brunswick, Anhalt, Pomerania, 
 Lunenburgh, the Archdukes of Austria, the Marquis 
 of Brandenburgh^ Landgrave of ilessia, the Counts 
 of Hennebergh and others. 
 
 The ecclesiastical princes are either so born, and 
 in orders; or prelates, that is, princes by the privi- 
 lege of t!;jir cure, who are numbered with the secular 
 princes in he same order of states, and have likevvi=^c 
 their suffrage. These prelates princes are now about 
 twelve in number, with the Abbol: of Ludea. 
 
 The third classis is the imperial or free cities^ 
 which cither for some signal services done to the em- 
 pire, or by purchase, have obtained extraordinary 
 ir-imunitics and regal rights, of makir.g peace or war, 
 cho n-^^ their own officers, coining of money, &c. 
 These ai^^ . ual; p ;vern( J bv a senate, and a iireat 
 council. 
 
 T?ie great council consists of all thcpatricians, w ith 
 sonic levy of the richest and most considerable ple- 
 beians. This nominates the senators, wlioaio iliiri"\- 
 six patricii, iind eight of the inferior or common rank 
 in sou)e j}laces more, some less. Im j)osi[i(?ny , and peace 
 or war, with maiters of (lie h^chest inoiiserd. are ap- 
 pointed b) Ihe great coiincil , llie senaic deloiHiinrs 
 those V, iiiclj aic les;-', and vel i:> llie liiglusl court of 
 judicaUire for ci^il causes, from whciice thiMC is no 
 appeal. Tlicir v. ay of trial is either bv equity or by 
 the civil law, but more bv the first, wherein ihey re- 
 gaid not pleading but evidence
 
 >]\l .1011 \ Rl^IM^I'.V. i ;: 
 
 Til'" ^-riKitc appoint- and iioiuiiiatcs a II oIVkn r>, Ixith 
 niilitarv and ciniI. a- cajifams, ihc I w o ( ImiK clloix. 
 llic treasurer-, tlic j luiiiC' <!' llir mai.'vct-, (jiik-ol 
 llii' r\clic(jiicr, i!vc. In liiiiv it i-> a kind dl" an-t-i 
 crac V. and tlioiiiili I lie uciit Iciikii lia\ c much flic > 11 pc- 
 norit\. tli<- i:(t\t 1 mn:Mil i-inodciati and equal 'riii- 
 i-' llic ;i-(>N(riin)ciit oi" ( iinilx ra-|t. no! uiiuli diiirrnit 
 lioiii tlic nilu'i' lii'c ( i|i<'- 111 lorni. wl.itji, ;i | (kinc 
 >ai(l, aic i(j)iitc(l till |;is| (It'Lvrcc of ilic "^latt-. and 
 ha \ ( I lu >i -r\ ( ral vnic- ni ihf a--ciiil)lH> (d" the -t ate- 
 
 1) . t 111 If di'IMll 1C-. 
 
 ^' he 1 the a>-cini)l \ ol" -talr- ot" t lie tin pi re i- to bi^ 
 liKi'ic. I ;!::!. With the con-cnt of tlie (dt-ctor-. r\)i\- 
 \nkt ' tlicni i)v ill- It'tLei-. ajipoiiiliiii;- flic time and 
 ]da((', pr<t\i(iHl 1! he williin the empire. \\ hen thev 
 are lilt i ('a-;:r de( hire- [o tlii'in. 1)\ hi> -eeret aiv. 
 file rea-'Ki et" tin 11 ir.eetinii"; wliieh llie\ ictmii to 
 liieir -e\ era Modi: i;"j:- to eiin-KJei (t, I ill I he appointed 
 tiiiie to (I<!i\ei llieii -en-e, and then di\i(le theiu- 
 (!\e- into 'hree ( la-'-e- alorr-,ud, <d the eleetor- 
 orpK t -. and tice ( itn -. It l\o t)t tlie-e, uv the ma- 
 jor pail til' them cairs the propo-ile 01 the alliinia- 
 n\e, (( pa--e- ; i I" 111 'he iu_,'ti\r. ('a--ar ha- no 
 po\s er to i)!(>e( ed \'. ilhoiit tlieii e(n-enl . nor doe- t lir 
 :i--ent ot" the tate- \n it hoi it C'a--ar - make a law. 
 
 In then' diet- or a--eml)lie-, -luh capital matter- 
 arc manai:"ed a- ("a'-ar ( aiinol deteriiuiie ot hi-o\\n 
 |)o\Nei, .1- t'UuhiiiL;" r)i a( e or war -I'll lemcnt ot icIj- 
 U'loii, ta\(-, coiniuL;' ot' moncs, truce-. i.iMMnt i;i^ oi 
 leiiiire-. relca-llli:" trom -<'l\l(t'-. *lvc. lie-lde- llii- 
 i here are ol her t hree (h lel" court- olj ndicat lire ; lir-t . 
 iIh ((iii\(aition ore\er\ ciia le \\ 1 1 h m it-i It lor (icr- 
 naii\ wa- di\id(d inl( ten circde- l)\ Ma\imilian,
 
 138 TRAVELS OF 
 
 emperor^ in the year 1512; Franconia^ Bavaria^ Sua- 
 bia, the upper country of the Rhiiie^ Westphalia^ the 
 Upper Saxony^ Austria^ Burgundia^ the electorate 
 of the Rhine^ and Lower Saxony : and every one of 
 these have power to choose a chief magistrate^ with 
 four councillors to advise him^ and to convoke the 
 states togetlier within themselves, to consult of either 
 ordinary or extraordinary ail'airs. 
 
 The second court is the imperial chamber, held at 
 Spire four times a year^ and continued sitting forty 
 days, for the trial of causes of the greatest concern 
 in the empire. 
 
 The third court is theburgravesriglit, where things 
 of meum ^ tunm are usually recovered. ^ And this 
 short relation shall serve as to the empire's political 
 constitution. 
 
 As to the people, they are for the most part dull 
 and robust, of fair complexion, but stiff and con- 
 strained in their carriage; they may rather be termed 
 subtle than witty, and yet, they arc usually knowing 
 in some science or other, as the mathematics, the 
 civil law, &c. supplying witli industry what they 
 want in ability lo improve their knowledge in the lat- 
 ter; for being the law of their country, there is no 
 preferment without it. 
 
 They know all langunges. it being reputed a 
 blemish to a gentleman not to travel; but rarelyspeak 
 any we!!, though Latin the best, which they arc 
 brought up to speak as freely as their own, but not 
 so true. The\ drink excessively, and do their affairs 
 inter pocuin, as the more capable, when sharpened 
 with liquor, which makes foreign princes send good 
 topers lather than good statesmen to them on embas-
 
 si!i .fOH\ uriM^nv. 139 
 
 su>. \t flit'ir tVa'Jt-, tlun it at tulilc ionictiinc^ si v 
 lioiii-, ^ollU'lillK'" loMLi^cr ; m fiiu', till the C(iin[);ni\ be 
 (Irmik, for it is reputed :i di-eredit to sijUVt a L^uc-t 
 to i;o a\\a\ ^oher. At an iinitalion I ^aw made at 
 I'raiicforl h\ the lii^hop I'^lector of .Meiif/, to the 
 I'rciich aiid)a>'adorr, llie\ ^atattahle from noon till 
 niiilit liaN inacliamber-iiots |)l;iced near them, to a\oid 
 e\eu-e>< ot'e-^eape. Ihi^ \ ice, with the temj)er of their 
 ((Id climate, ^e(llre^ ihem I'rom that of vener>, 
 withal, not n'cei\ini:' niucli jiroN oeation from their 
 weinen, \vlio;ir>' certamK the w or.-t shaped, biiXJJTc^t 
 honed, and (\er\ \\a\ ihcMoar-c^t w tnnen ol" l^urope. 
 I'he\ are peojtK' ol'eon i ai^i', and -( cannot l.'e treacli- 
 t roii> ; and true I'riend < where tlu'V take. 
 
 To niarrs Ixdow their own (jualitN, that i>, less 
 
 than a ^eiith man, thoUL:!i upon e\er ^o valiial)le con- 
 
 -ideration- i a i:real b!enii>-h amoni:-^-! them, not only 
 
 lo the j)er-(.n her-eij", but to the t'aiuih , beini;- \ery 
 
 diet in (heir riile ot" L:,Tnlilit n . 
 
 'i he la w - ol" inherit anei' d i tier amoni;' them , acrord- 
 (11^- l( |)lac'- ; 111 >>nme, the(dde-t -on ha- /;/ s //-//';o- 
 L' hil uftt' . the priN ileiic ot'birthnuht ; l)iit ii-iiall\ the 
 Mihi-ritance i- e([iiall> di\ided aiiioii2;st the brother* ; 
 a- tlie honour throiiiihoiit (iermam d(^-cend> upon all 
 alike, -i that an earl or baron, t^c. lia\ina.' ten or 
 more -on-, llie\ base all the -ame title. 'I'his is the 
 <au-e ot'miich j)oor nobilit \ , w liicli to take uj>on them 
 a trade to enrich, i> looked upon a< dc. radi:\2,". 
 
 I he (i(Tinaii- keep tluMr n\ incs in too uMa at >iihp'r- 
 I ion, -(ddoinallow ini:,- them t( eat \-. ith the'- . biii ' ith 
 their maids, and w hen thev do, lhe\ are -ealed h< low- 
 ill the C(i.:ipan\ ; when the\ are (iircnded v\ i t h hem, 
 'he\ publicls -trike them; tlie\ ha\t a proN'ib, that
 
 140 TRAVELS OF 
 
 women are best in the kitchen. Adultery is in mnuy 
 places punishable with death. Lost virginity carries 
 a continual reproach with it; beauty^ quality^ or 
 estate, seldom procuring it marriage. 
 
 The field sports of the nobility are for the most 
 part hunting, either the stag, wild boar, or wolves^ 
 all of which the vast woods in that country harbour 
 in great numbers. 
 
 The openly professed religions within Germany, 
 are the Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Popery. 
 
 The first is professed by the Elector of Saxony, 
 his territory, and many of the imperial towns. The 
 second by the Prince Elector Palatine, tlie Elector 
 of Brandenburgh, and several otiier princes of the 
 empire. The third is most universal. 
 
 The laws of the protestant princes tie up their 
 subjects to profess the same opinion, or else to quit 
 their country within five yearf;, except under the 
 Elector of Brandenburgh. 
 
 By example: the Duke of TVcuburg being a pa- 
 pist prince, and likely to die without issue, his heir 
 is the Prinze of Sallzburg, a protestant; so that 
 upon this change, iiis subject> must also change their 
 religion, or flitt within ti)e time above mentioned. 
 
 The emperor has no demone, not so much as a 
 house, as he is emperor, nor other revenue, except 
 some few taxes imposed upon lands or commodi- 
 ties, Avifh the consent of fiie states ; but these never 
 but upon great emergencies, which is a great rea- 
 son it has so loisg continued in the house of Austria, 
 which having. vith the kingdoms of Hungary and 
 Bohemia, a fair revenue of its own, makes it the 
 better able to support itself, and wilii less charg<
 
 i\{ .i()!!N ki:ki:-i;n 
 
 I! 
 
 to lilt' -t;iti'-. H<-iir\, llif riMirtli I'lnjK iiM \'.,i-!ic 
 l!i:it -ohl Hit' la-t -iii])> ()l llir cionmi (K'liii-nc^ , Ixih- 
 iiil:- I Im' ' If'clo.- wiili till* in;iii<'\. [n cliti-,- In. ,,,(, 
 Kiiij:- ' i' l!i<' l\<tiii;iii', in (iiJtr In ilir <'m;irc. 
 
 '11. r pcu-;:;.' aic luil "( miMri!)It' a- l!r,-'' ot' 
 l-"r;i:u-,-. ;i!i(l \' I \''\\ imuh >-!i;)r!i(M'. ((lnl';lti:l^ 
 t')r;i'-rl\ (- wilii iiu'.Mi (ihl nu)ll\ Iicib- ;i:!(! i.ui!-, 
 aiui clothe- laLliicd ; lint withal an' -o ii^dc aiil 
 hiiili-h, that ill inaii\ placi'^ tli!'\ -(ai'crlx (('in t> 
 (lillcr iVoin hca-l-. 
 
 1 wa'^ (Tiilihlv iiil"oi;nc(l h 'v a ucnt Iciiiaii o|' I)a;it- 
 /.i<i\ that 111 M)iiic j)iit- ot" l*ni--ia the pca-aiit- will 
 oiaimailU l^o ir.t'i tilo \;i^t wood-, their t'ailCN lliein- 
 M'l\e> to he woUe-. pre\ \\\)i)\\ raw lle-li I'or -ome 
 inoiith-. 2'o ii])oii all lour-, and ll\ tVo.n ihe-ii'Jit ot' 
 man ; whether iVoin iVeii/ \ , or t ha t I he\ ai'e ac t uali \ 
 t laii-tornied -aid he. i- donhfe;!. whit h wotild a[)- 
 
 j)eai' 'I'.oii llt'i lei; 1, .i; , , h:id ;'(i! -,>:ni' (iicck aillhor- 
 
 N^nl'en h"L:" -iiiee ot ihi- kind o\' inetanioij;!io-i-. 
 ca!!::;::' !t I .i: P' i, ' h i ;. jt la . iVoin ht ;!i:2- -nnn linie> man, 
 -e, :'! !:,:.- \\m|\.-: and ilial we Lno\ \ tdi nc ii ad - 
 II' / / ' 1' :: i' L ' -" \'. I ! !i h( a t - tor -onie lime. 
 
 I he ({..'.yi ol (ieiaii:ii\ I- not e \ t la ord nia r\ 
 h - \ai'.iii'L'.' ihe'i meat. 1 1" lhe\ ha\e hill drmk 
 I le-Ii the\ 'INC in -mall (jiiaii! it le-. hut root- [)!iai 
 titti'U, e-j)e(iill\ cahhaLie. ilie\ m.ike a -oi' o! 
 lirolli called -wooj) ol heel hoihd \v 1 1 h hread 
 |- i-h t lie\ ha \ e Ml jilent \ which 1 lic\ -er \ e op with 
 N\hite vineaar I'or -aiice ( i mireriiread and -; -.Ned 
 jirime- al w a\ - ( (M\ie iij/ at I lie -ccond < lOi r c \ e il 1 - 
 laeid the\ -er\e iiji hoiled hii! imdi\i(h'd. in, -oiOi' 
 place- \\]c\ pill anni-eed- la their hi\ id. ' I,'\ !;-e
 
 U2 TRAVELS OF 
 
 much salt, little siigar^ but most in pottage. Bacon 
 thej eat much. 
 
 Wines in tlii^ country are generally bad and sour, 
 except Rheniih ; which makes them drink much 
 beer, which is for the most part thick and bitter. 
 Inns are here very dirty and dear^ where you must 
 lie between two featherbeds and without sheets^ and 
 very often the bedsteads are a yard and more from the 
 ground, so that there is u step two foot high to get 
 up. They use no chimneys but stoves, except in 
 their kitchens. 
 
 In their drinking they use little jollity, but sit 
 like players at chess, till one side fall. When you 
 are drunk to, it is a rudeness to refuse the glass^ 
 which, if you cannot drink, you are to place by 
 you till you can, and are to leave none undrank, be 
 there ever so many before you, when you rise : the 
 only way therefore to rise sober from meals is, 
 when you have such a number of glasses before 
 you, as you think you mav conquer, to leave the 
 table. Thus much of Germany. 
 
 THE LOW COUXTRIES. 
 
 1 arrived at Nimeguen the loih of October, the 
 metropolis of Gueldria; on one side stand the ruins 
 of an ancient tower, built, says tradition, by Julius 
 Ca2sar This city is well fortified by a strong- 
 wall, and some outworks, as half moons, and tana- 
 glyes on one side, w ith the river on the other. It is 
 manned with some English, Scotch, and French 
 companies of foot.
 
 sii{ JOHN in:iii:>i'.v. iii 
 
 I ho IDlh. about noon, we (Miibiirkcd iiptui the 
 "iiiiic ri\('r, ])a>->^iii^- 1)\ srscriil t.iir Ionmi^ aiul I'mi-;, 
 M'ati'il upon the baiik>, t.ll wo came to Tuill, \, Ii< re 
 \Ae retVc-lied our<el\ cs. 
 
 A be2:ii:ai* and mere natural there a--kir?i^- an alni^ 
 of 11-, it \va- told u> he wa- thi; biother oC >i\teen 
 t'ooN like hii)i-rir, b\ one lather and niotliiM\ 
 
 The next jd.iee ol" noti- \\v p;i<<ed l)\, wa-; the 
 r'oit ot St. \n(li"e\\, \\ hv'ic our pilot. ii(i piTceiviiiL;" 
 a bank ca-t iij) under tht^ \vati>r. to break tiie ^ io- 
 1(11(1' (tl the \va\('- aii'ain-t the bank, had near ea-t 
 II- a\\a\ bs running-tile iioat ati'ain-t il. 'I'haf ni!::ht 
 we la\ ;it noiiil a iair -t^o!l^ town beloi.u-in^- !<) the 
 I'rince ot" ( )ian<:-(\ 
 
 The 'iOth, rontinuiiiLi; our iounie\ (low n the iiver. 
 ^^ e j'.a-M'd the ci^-lleol' lai^c-tiii, tiie pri-oa t'oj- j)eo- 
 pl<- <d' (jii;ilil\ ; it i- \[\-\- -Ironu' and ^^ 11 I'ortilied 
 then b\ ! )((Mt I 'le !i i-l town |",)r jdaer in I loll and) ; 
 tor we dui~t not u'om, the p';::ur iIkmi i;:^iiiiL:" c v 
 ee--i\rl\- ;; ! llii' line' ;i'id \ ( th nn-'er t;l the 
 i>o;i; l.iojx 111 ;i -:;k ji;i--.''[i'j.\'i'. ot wh.il diN.M-e \\ e 
 knew II''!, iioi" i!i(i the l)o!(!i -rem iniuh I iiiquiic, 
 i! hei.iL:'. it -fen;-, e ii-toin.ir \ loi' tlKiii lo \!-!t. one 
 another with fi;e pi i'j,uc rur.oin^- on them, 'I'hat 
 niirht we came to !'.( ite!;l:'m. a iiir -IjteU town 
 v iH'r<- l''.;a-n!i:- \\;i- biun; tlnv -how \cL t!ie ruin 
 ol hi- liou-e, ;nid Ip- -i.atu;' m bra--, upim ! iio hi l(l^^ 
 There wo Irll iroiii:.'^ in :iieal boat- \\ith -aiU. and 
 N^eiit in -mall pa- a'^'' bo, it-, attT tie; liMiin'r ol 
 Hull, and di;i\'.ii b\ hoi-"- throij;:h ih'.'ir ;iil iiv! i-', 
 ilWhi', !i one LToe- oti o\ <i \ Innir iVoir. one I'l t 1 1 t(o,v u 
 i' .inotlior, atiordm::,- an ea-\, cortaui, aod eomino- 
 Ji.Mi-iWa\ oi' tra\ (lliiiLi- thr(ni:vh ino-t V'.it o'. tin.
 
 144 TRAVELS 01 
 
 Low Countries. In one of these boats I went for 
 Delft with my servant only that I knew^ leaving 
 the company that came with me out of Germany at 
 Rotterdam; I arrived in an hour tliere. 1 stayed 
 some five hours to view the town and the tonibs of 
 the princes of Orange and Van Tromp^ and Ment 
 off in another boat the same day for the Hv^guc, 
 where I arrived so early as to see the Queen of 
 Bohemia^ and all tlie good company of the town at 
 a French play\, acted by the Prince of Conde's co- 
 medians ; which done, having; kissed the princess 
 royal's hand^ who also had her residence there^ I left 
 it the next day in the afternoon^ and by coach first 
 went to llaerkm, another large stately town^ and af- 
 terwards to Amsterdam. 
 
 There arc none of tliese towns which do not de- 
 serve a particular and long description^ were they 
 not so near our own countrV;, as to be known to most 
 persons, either by sight or relation ; therefore I slniU 
 only name them as i pass. 
 
 Amsterdam is seated nuicli like Venice, near th.o 
 sea^ the streets divided by several channels that 
 run througl) them, built over with wood bridges in 
 several places ; the usual way of carriage being in 
 boats down these channels, or else in wheel-barrows 
 or little carts, drawn by a mastilF dog, fearing that 
 greater carriages might shake the foundations, which 
 are al! artificial, upon piles of a great length driven 
 into tlie giound. The town-hall, which was near 
 finishing wlicn I was there, and built at the ])ublic 
 cxpence, is ceriaiiilv, for carved stone on the out- 
 side, and quantity of marble within, the .'Jnest ])iecc 
 of tlic kind in Europe. The (Achangc is like thai
 
 siii JOHN Ri:in:sin . 
 
 1! 
 
 ct L((n(li)ii in the citv, ;i> to iiKuld. Anxuiir-'t 
 otlicr fiiit' chiirflic^ the new one i>; the \)C<\ . la the 
 choir 1^ ;i i!;r(';it dcul ot' rarvcd uork in hra--, the 
 oiiran i::oo(I a>' bcaiitit'iil, which, a- precipe a- ihcv 
 arc rt'j)iit<'(l in lloll;in(l, arc aHowcd mall protc- 
 tant chiirchc*, though iic\cr to plav till '-ci\icchc 
 done, and sometime^ at c\(Miinu<, \s hen candle^ hc- 
 Miii- liuhlcd. coinpam walk m thi' churches to hcai- 
 tlicm. 
 
 The theatre i> a haiid-onie piece, hiiiit at tile [)ni)- 
 lie ( liar^c, where pla\ei> act twice a wcel^; tlic 
 <tHiccr of the town, r<'cei\ mi:- the prolil-. di^tri- 
 biit<' a certain allowiMuc to the actor-, and tin re-t 
 to the poor. 
 
 The new chinie< of hi 1'-, two \oars >inre iinenled 
 b\ a llm-li (.-erniaii. and j>laecd near the exclianL^c, 
 are\er\ i \lraordniar\ . heiiii:- -o <ontri^cd, tiiat tlie\ 
 do net (li. j!!a\ > -s eral hard tiine< \ er\(li>tinct I v 
 of thiein-( !\ (.- l,;;l iimv l^e pl.nedon h \- k"\- like 
 (U'Li'an* 
 
 na\ niLL" ^ ta '.t (i lure loi!\ da\- I rfiwrned to the 
 liaLLii*'. then to l)tlt"f. and -(wenl to faxden. 'I'liis 
 I- the chu't" iMii\er-it\ in Ifolland ; a handsonu" 
 town; the <()lleLie or ^ch()(d.< lurii't' and well con- 
 tri\ ed . a- al-o the analmm room w here \(in ^ee seve- 
 ral dried di^-ectioi'.'* (r nio-l Mnt- ot crealnrc- 
 anioni;-l other-, (da. n entire whale, nn h(d<^ ninminie- 
 and ot her pli\ -ical cu! lo-it-i;'-. 
 
 I'roin Le\(ien ! nmii! I>'. hoal to I trecht. I ii.'.'L'.ei' 
 h\ oar*, and wa-> i\!''rn hour- m roinj- all th 
 'iiLrht til'" wind 1)! i;!v hiL'!i I'-inl co!i'rar\. 
 
 1 III- I- the ei"! iciii'ji- o! tlh pn.x nice -k '.ailed 
 the liiLiht -f and he-t -; aU d town fe;- ,;i: :n all tfic 
 
 I
 
 146 TKAVI- LS OF 
 
 Low Countries : av. university^ but not mucb fre- 
 quented. I stopped here four davs, and t!]cn took 
 leave ci^ ll-e States' dominions, intending; lor Antwerp. 
 
 The j-eason oi" the yeuc being past ta f^'c ^^J land, 
 the depth of the roads obliged nic to go by water, 
 and 1 eiTibarked on the 13th of November with a 
 prosperous wind, which wafted iis as far as Doort, 
 and there left us ; so tliat turning into our faces, 
 we cast anchor before the town, wiiere 1 rather 
 chose to go and lie, though tlie plague was in it, 
 tlian in a stinking kcc! crowded with passengers. 
 
 The next day the wind coiitinuing contrary, we 
 went but two mi his ; tlie third day we liad a very 
 dangerous phice to pas?^, where two rapid rivers 
 meeting, make a very loiigli wat'r, especially when 
 the wind is liigh and in ti.ai; quarter. Our manter, 
 aficr some dispute v. ills l]im>eir, resolved to ven- 
 ture passing, but before ve came nei';" the danger, 
 by good liuk our sail brcke v.ii\i the violence of the 
 wind, \^hich iorced us to harbour in a creek till 
 more favourable weather. 
 
 Tlie n; \t driV, the wmd (hanged again into the 
 bad (juarter, and couiiniiuig hig'i, drove the waves 
 (/Hen hiio eur keel. v. ben we caint^ iii'o tise broad 
 waters, so that (not without fs'^.j;.!-;;! hiizards of 
 bei;:g cast awa\) Vvearrivr'd at Anf..erp ih.e fiftli 
 (biv, ie( diiig on the V. aterni; !i's fjire, to v it. coarse 
 bread, stinking biitler. and rnw muscles, with small 
 beer, the i.ist foiir days ; f r we had only laid in 
 provisions of our own for one duv. being the uual 
 time f .4" the passage in favourable weather, but this 
 we };;id for at the rate of lietler commons to the 
 ."^iiin-ir'aster
 
 ii{ ,fO!!\ IM;iJIMi\'. 
 
 117 
 
 \!it\\ri-|) i^ ll)c inctriii-.oli^ nl' that p. sit ct' i'r;i- 
 liaiit cill.'d the M ar(| ui^alc. mcav ciiilit iiiilr- in 
 ( irciiit, ami i town oi'^Tcat tratlic, till IIk- lli>lla;ul- 
 .T-, In -toj)]] ,i;l'" up 111 a UMiiiicr the iia\ en. has < l^hI 
 iiiiicli 'if I )i:: t traclclit \:n^lri(laiii. TIk' lion-' ^ a ii- 
 liii]l! ()!" l)ii(Iv. ;i> |Ih-c III Mollam!. bill JH'rlicr; 
 tli< -lii'cl^ laruri" but ii(t <i) (lean ; iioi" i- it j)o- -iblc 
 \". b' rr ( .\i(b(> and cart-- arc ('(tnt iiiiiall \ |)a--'nL'; 
 i'lic ( liiircbf- arc l.iir and niiiih'r.ni-, c-pcciai! . ll.^' 
 (atlicdr.il. bc.iiitilicd w i i b inucb car\i(l \\i);k oi 
 I be oil t-ulc. ;:;ul >c\('r.\,l ricli moiuiinci, I - m ma:l)lc 
 and bra--, a- al-o j.ic ! iirc>, wi'biii T'l' ,lc-i;;l>' 
 cbiiicb, alter lie incCicrii ta-Iucn. fiii;-!ied a!)>::t 
 tbirt\ Near- ^nicc. ba^ alinn-l ibc x-.bolc in .v'.c dl" 
 marble, tbc pillir- tiiaf ^npipoct tlic ront' i).-in_i' 
 tbirt \ - i w o in iMitnbi r and (M tbe -aine. w bcreol" -i \- 
 t en ar. <!" \\liite and n d rnaib.Ie, \vb!(b Inr tbc 
 l,realiie-, :>.\\{\ b i, ::' all ni ene piece, arc \er\ c\- 
 liMcrd ii.a r\ ; tl: \V(Md \\(n'l\ i- all carseii ; lln -[a 
 tiic- aiid pit iiirc-. aIiicIi arc ni;-i;'., arc < l' L;-re,it \d 
 Inc. 'I', re Ml -(ICC (<^il^ cal -, ot wbi' Ii tlicrc i- cnc 
 I iLlil-'l I l,e . AclKC'Lie, t be tew 11 |i,Mi-( . and ib, 
 
 (t.,it!i!. (ii,e ,it till' -littnu'iM in l.nrcpe, are ai-n 
 s ('IN it'inai k able 
 
 I la \ inu' - ' lid licie t\WM;a\-, I \{u)'\ litat i;ir li n- 
 -el : w beic I nie! \>il!i "re' \ir. II: ^'-art'. a pne-' 
 ni' till- Nort'olk lainih ,.:'' 'nrcl; r m> (be ^,ur 
 -lilt l)nkc -inie niaiii <'ar;!r.il I \\.;- l"''i','! 
 
 tc di--einble inv ((uin!.\ and jCi'i. nd ci b- : 
 I i< iwlnnan wb'.e', I |.;;1 ei.nc;:!! I- <n \'. ;'li 
 .n\ ( (inni 1 \ iiK :i , ; ior ba! i! In i n kme-.n in ! e., 
 I 111(1 tlcit ! pa- cd tbidi:;:!, I'l, tinier.. . : e; :: 
 'vni-e'' l'',n::ltnd fin n \. i , it La ,1 a 1'' i. b il e ' m- .
 
 148 TRAVELS OF 
 
 enough to Oliver to sequester ray estate,, besides the 
 clanger of being made prisoner in Flanders^ at that 
 time an enemy's country, and travelling ^vithout leave 
 or passport. In ten hours time I got to Brussels in 
 Brabant, the constant residence of the vicerov or 
 governor of the Low Country, under his Majesty of 
 Spain, who at my being there, was Don Jean of Aus- 
 tria, natural son of the King of Spain, begotten on a 
 comedian. 
 
 His train and equipage were not inferior to those 
 of most princes of Europe. In liis stable were eighty- 
 nine saddle-horses, coach-horses for ten coaches, 
 and each coach had six a-piece; his pages were six, 
 and his footmen twelve. The officers of his house- 
 hold and his guards were numerous, besides the 
 guards of his person. But his court was the less 
 splendid by reason that carrying high, and having 
 the Spanish morosity, less application was made to 
 him by the gentlemen of the country, than had been 
 to others in that place, especially his predecessor, 
 Duke Leopold of Austria, who was well beloved in 
 his government. 
 
 The palace where he resides is a large irregular 
 building, and derives much advantage by the stately 
 furniture and pictures. On the back of the house is 
 a paddock, containing two hundred fallow deer, 
 where the company at nights often take the fresh air. 
 In the chapel I heard vespers, sung by excellent Ita- 
 lian voices, with instruments belonging to Don Jean. 
 
 In a palace opposite to this, lived the Prince of 
 Gonde, wlio had no less a court of revolted French, 
 than the other of true Spaniards. 
 
 The churches are numerous and large, especially
 
 Slli JOHN KKUI.^in . \i[) 
 
 till' cutlicclral ami that of the .IcmuI-, but not to hr 
 (oiiiparctl to llio^t' ol" Antwcij) ; there i* also ;in I'^ni^- 
 \\-\\ iiilliiier\ liere. 
 
 Vt'lei a t'eu (la\-' -tav I returned to .ViUxNerp ui a 
 chariot, (or rather a cart, l'(U'. thou^h covered, llie\ 
 ar(> ta-leiied to the a\K'-tree- , \\itli three lioi-e- ; 
 and thi> >-onie I )u tchmen and nn -elt" hirt.'d leu- greater 
 e\[)editioii, the \\a\ hack h\ water hem::,- much more 
 (eduui^ than it \\ a- comiu^. 
 
 ()ii llie'ilth ol' No\emiier I left Antwerp, and to^k 
 Ixiat tor I'lu-hmu- ui /ealand, h\ tiu- \sa\ ot' Middh' 
 huru'. the metropolitan of that [irovmee wher^' we 
 arriN ed in one da \ . A hout the mid \\ :i\ w e di^co\ ered 
 tw< -teeple*. lirtini: up their top^ out of tlu^ water, 
 w lii( h the\ ^a\ are the on! \ \ :-ihle rtdimn"- of -e\ enl v 
 \illai::e-, drowned with tiie (oiintiN adjacent, h\ a 
 i';uiden eruption of the ^ :! at one time. 
 
 Iw) leai:iie- -li'iii ol' M idd !el) u r^:- w e ciine mt(* 
 the l)io;id -ea . ( aHed t iie I )o<:- ot I' 1 II -h m::- ; ^ome sa\ , 
 iVom the noi-e of that water, in lui^h wind-, re-em- 
 hliiiL:' the harkin::- ot do^-: olher iVom the i^reat 
 eiindtir ol" -ci-do;:- -cen iipoii t ho-e and> a t low I ide<., 
 haNin-- Ilie torm (d' a dvj; in 'lie iVunt and (d' a li-h 
 haekwanU, whuli, w hen l""!'!!!^- on the-andx. thev 
 trail ath'r them; their -km i- not unlike that ol" a 
 ca-tor. and -ell.-, at a dearer rate A ke( I wa- heie 
 ca-t awa\ TourdaN- h(d"ori\ which the dani^-er ot 
 the place. I'roui -o man\ LLiaml ( liaimel- here i'mpt\- 
 ini:- thein-td\e- into the -la. make- UMial 
 
 .M iddh hiir:^- i- lh<- i\\-\ cit\ ol' /.al.ind a hand- 
 'lUne -ea t(w n. and (d l:"! eat t rajl'u , it lia ^aie ut 'lie 
 he>t haNcn-ot'the Low C'oimtiie-
 
 130 TllAVi:r.S OF 
 
 In an hour's tinie^ the next day, we were hurried 
 in awaggon^ all on a causeway to F'ushing^ u famous 
 sea-port; to look from the town^ the sea seems higher 
 than it, round about it, and would certainlv ovirdow 
 it, did not an incredible expence lu rei'jiri g the 
 banks in some measure sccvirc it; tlic town's pcv pie 
 win tell you that it costs then mJilioLS. 
 
 The town is rich, hu" -", aut. populous through 
 it pass channels, where %es3els of all siz' s, and '^onie 
 of sixty gui.s a-piecCj ride safely at ai-clior. ! ving 
 shiid here six chiys lor a wind favoiual>lf' foi i lance, 
 I took the first opportunity of goiiig in a liltle frigate, 
 laden with nierehandise, and bound for St Salary, 
 a lil'iU: hca-port in Picarvly, the iiist of Jaiiuary, 
 about two in th.e afternoon. 
 
 After it began to be dark, tliough the wirid eon- 
 tiiiued in a good o^uarter, it was so \ioleut, that the 
 master would l;ave cast anchor till morning, not 
 willing trt trust altogether to his conjpass in these 
 narrow seas, but he found he could not without dan- 
 ger of losing Ijis anchor; so that, steering his course 
 towards a lanthorn, hung out, as he thought, from 
 some ships that had set out before us the same vvav, 
 it proved to be the lanthorn of Dover Castle; which 
 liad very near run us upon Dover sands, vihen an al- 
 most too late discovery of his mistake, by sounding', 
 saved us out of the jaws of ruin, for we were within 
 twelve-score of running on ground. 
 
 After we had used all t!:e strength and art imagin- 
 able to tow lier off, he cast anchor till towards morn- 
 ing, when ('ay showed us Ht. V alary, ])ut we cho>^e 
 rather to land at a little village called Calleuv in
 
 ji{ JOHN iji:!n:^in 
 
 i".i 
 
 N,)rin;uui\. Irom wiicncc ;i ^luop i!im- vniiiLr i'^. 
 (amc (iit abdiit ;i NM::iif to Ich Ii ii~.- lliit !.rr>' ;i 
 woiil or two ol Ml;' I. )\\ ('(Miiilrh> 
 
 '/'//( l)i sfn'i't ion i>l' >i:i /.(',(. < ' ' :i \l I 't \. Ciiii/n"^ 
 \< t (lllh . i:itJ il^ 1\ <>i It 
 
 I f \v ;i roriiifil \ < ;ill('(! )) \ ( ';r 1 1 . i> l;:i;i. \s liicli \\ a* 
 ;il'tt'r\v ;ii\U i h'' iia'i' ' o ^i-\ cul. 'Mi !'io\ ui;-'"-. tnul'i" tlu' 
 -i.\cr.Mi:-nt\ (.rtlir Dill.. "X , t' i'lir. -::'<! V . f'il Cliarl.-N . 
 
 rlii[)cr,| . LL'l^illLL' tll'lll \n l)i> -( :> |'!'lMp, Klll^' rl' 
 *^|)aiii, and he laipo^iMii l)'l!i tlir iiiq ii i^i I pmi and ticw 
 l.ixcN iipui tlicia. <:;'ii- '! ^; v<'n of l!,r i u lict a;.(l 
 ino^t ( (iii^idcral)li' of i ! 'li! In r \ o! t , aiai io p'; t t L'-in 
 -fl\c- until r till- or. hrliiii: oi' (^)u''(n llii/ab I h. !n 
 wlioM" li(!|) tlic\ ilii>\\ o'] lltr Spaiil-!i -ubi:-'.!;)!;. 
 and laodi 1 i/i'd a (anriin'MiW cal t !i to I li;'i'. -t I \ .- o!" llic 
 
 i'o! low lilM- f, iiiji 
 
 l'i,-l. Ill who li \'.r -^ '!! c'M.H !.! I'r- tile' :--\;Tn- 
 nirnt ol' cN ( r \ part mm lar . a 1 
 
 Sr-roiid I \ , ( ) t' t lit' proN Mil f- ! \ : a !",- 1 \ '-. 
 
 'Mi 11(1 1 \ . Ot' t III' pr(\ iiaa-* joi.,. .' or o!" the :i!ii>ii 
 
 \> lo III.' tir^t, ^( .7/r. /. ,!;.' ,'i':: - .ire --,0, ......il hs 
 
 a -iipicnic comicil. (oaipo-rd ,t :i ..Mtaia i';'!!l'''i' d 
 choicf proplc. >('Condl\. a liid nr-.n i-t i :; ! oi' 1 ar 
 LTonia-tcr. -oinct inic^ two.- -'1 !;ir(il\ . in! 1 1 n <;!: r- 
 a> -lifiilU. Iri-a-iii ar-, lacoialrr^. and oil r- j'ii.- 
 prr-on'> (d' tin' ciiiUK il -eld out altri. t lie ot In a ttllii 1; - 
 \i'arl\ . 
 
 rile LL'(>M"rinn(ait .! c\ci\ parti. ailai pid\ nice. ( "M- 
 -i-t^ ot an a--t'nil)l\ ol the two .latf.-. iHilMlnv ad 
 I 1 ! I /t'ii-, w 1 1 1; 111 f\ ( I \ pro\ UK c, two - talr- \'. ii 1. Ii a ; o 
 -1 idoMi ralKnl but upon c \ t ra^rduKii s .aaa-iou
 
 152 TRAVELS OF 
 
 When they are to meet, notice is given to the gentry,, 
 which are now hut few^ and tl'.e cities, to appear by 
 their deputies, upon which some are deputed for the 
 nobility, as also the burgomaster, with some other 
 officers of every city, to the place appointed, for con- 
 sulting of matters in question; under this is a coun- 
 cil composed of the two estates, which is usually per- 
 manent, as deputies of tlie province's assembly. 
 
 Every province has also a council of law or justice 
 for the determining of causes within themselves, to 
 which there is power of appeal from the cities within 
 their particular limits, except of things criminal, 
 which are finally judged in cities. The law they 
 judge by, is almost a sfajuie lavv', or edicts made by 
 the states upon occasion, and wh.crc they are wanting, 
 by the civil law, 
 
 Evcrv pro', itice, besides, has a governor, and some- 
 times all of lliem the same, as Count Maurice of 
 Nassau, and otiiers of the same family, which have 
 now liltle autliority, ihough it was very consider- 
 able ; for they were generalissimos of the armies ; 
 they took care of the safeguard of the province, 
 nothiiip; was resolved on in (he. 'provincial assembly 
 v.iihout titeir consent, and the ollicers were dis- 
 posed of bv him, the states oifering their three 
 ( iect to him, Mhereof he i)j)poirited one lor every 
 place; he had also power to remit punidunent of 
 ofienders. 'I'he governors have yet sonu' colour of 
 the same [)o\\cr. 
 
 Now as lo the government of the whole Union, or 
 ^ev(Mi jirovinet s conjoined, it consists in the grand 
 assembly of the iwo estates (that is, the nobility and 
 the deputies of the cities) ol'all the seven provinces.
 
 siu joiix ni:Ri>-in . 
 
 w lii( li i< never c.'illcd t (><;(' tlicr but upon ^ouic ex tr.ior- 
 ilin;ii\ occasion rchilinir f<> tiic whole union, ;i^ upon 
 p(':i((' or \N ar, treat n'>- ol" ^(neral trade, new ('ontede- 
 raeics, or di--oI\ iii'i t ho-eaIread\ made, rai^inii- e\ tia- 
 ordinar\ >iinis oi" inoni \ . di-po*inu" ol a puldie *<toelv, 
 iVc. When thi^ i> to he {on\oked, the ])ro\ inee> 
 iend inor<' or tewer (h'pnlie- ol holli estate^, a^ 
 t!ie\ jiidu'e |)roper. (( eoni[)oe il, not aiNini:' (lieir 
 \ ole* per^-onalU , hut i!ro\ ni( iall\ . >o that the as-enihl V 
 I- di\i(h'd inl( a- niaM\ soi*'* a- iheie are j)ro\inee^, 
 \'. iiu'h 111 (!- 1 all ( (tiienr tni I he eonelndmi:' ot am thin::; 
 hetore tilt 111. h; caii^f ('\er\ proN ine(^ liaN -onietinie^ a 
 parlu niar inlere-t, di^liriet liom the if-l, ^o tliat tlie 
 ad \ iinla:::*' of >orne le.aN he the io^^- ol" oiher>-. 
 
 If all (h. not a::ree. hut ihe major part, and ihr 
 ne^aliNes >-i(Mii more out (l" ero>-ne> (d Ihe depnlie; 
 ll'.an r(\i>-on ; a eertain n'.iiuix'r of llieni are tdio^en 
 ;iiid Milt l)a( k to eoii-nit the d i --^enl inii' ])ro\ine<v 
 il if, .in\ ineaii* lhe\ nia\ he ^anied to (onijdv willi 
 tin- re-f llul ])ecaii-c IJii^ a--einhl\ i- ot" ar<'al 
 ( h.ir-e and Iroiilde, for ;(| lh:il ol" r>ei aaniup>ome, 
 \\ i.i II lilt pc.i( ! \\ a^ ( (Mil hide 1 \'. 1 1 h .^j)a in . the niim- 
 heidl 1 1:-' Li> hi lemen and dep;. ! ie> of tow n^ ;i!noui;ted 
 II' eiL'dif liundred and odd lhe\ aii- (Mihd (ud\ iij)on 
 \ I i\ i!il:( nt atlair^. 
 
 '1 lie re i- a eounril-i;('iie:'alii;" i lii-i- pio\ nice- ^illiii:;- 
 ((Hit lima II \. ( oinpo-iai ol" in h dejiutics a> e\ er\ j)ro 
 > nice think - hi l( -end li-om linn' to t inie, who h ha\ t' 
 the p.As ri (t thr i;'rand a--. iii!)l \ m tiiiiiLL> of le-- ino- 
 nienl, n hitin^ to ihe-iaieral iiiler''-l. wlindi i- li'. a 
 eoininil t( ( of t he ."^late--^('ii(i :il, Thi- eonneil !i.i- 
 power to (dio(-o -ome depiil \ for jtre-id(ail , w lio ron- 
 i'liii^'- ''ntoi'.c w.i'k inoiriee, and liien ain'lhei' is
 
 151 TRAVELS OF 
 
 chosen from amongst the deputies of the next pro- 
 vince^ till it has gone round all the provinces, having 
 an equal prerogative, hut not an equal place. 
 
 The first begin with Guclderland, as having been 
 a dutchvj tlien Holland, then Zealand as a county, 
 then Utrecht, Fric/land, Over Ysscll, Grayning, as 
 baronies. Besides this council of the States-general, 
 there is a council of state, which disposes of things re- 
 lating to the war, and the monies disposed of in land- 
 service, and consultwith the States-general in matters 
 of the greatest concern. This is composed of certain 
 deputies sent by the provinces for this purpose. The 
 governors of provinces also hold their session here. 
 Then there is a council of finances, or of the general 
 treasury, and last a council of the admiralty, which 
 take care of the sea-affairs, and of such monies as the 
 United Provinces get by the return of their trade. 
 This council is divided into six members, four of 
 iiicui are distributed in Holland, one in Zealand, and 
 one in Friezland, and consists of deputies commis- 
 sioned bv those proviiices for tiiat service. 
 
 These councils of public concern have their ses- 
 sion at tlie Hague Cov the most ])art, except that of 
 the adiiiiralty, which is divided, as I have said, into 
 ^e\(r;i! provinces. 
 
 Tin: (General I nion liave will) the>e a general of 
 their armies and an a(hniral of their fleet, &c. so that 
 this government seems to be partly aristocralical, 
 and parti \ democratical tlie nobility, and common- 
 alty oi citizens oi' two estates, (for the clergy is 
 wholly excluded, except in the ))rovince of I trechi, 
 where they yet appear by drpulie- i, holding the 
 Avhoie sovereignly
 
 IK .loiiN iJi:in>i;N . 
 
 'I'll. t( 11 proNiiicc^ iii;(!r the Km;: ol'"-;-;!! i rcfviii 
 lli.ir <i[i! uoNriiiincnt . a ui<n!ci .itr mcnai ( ! s , \v 1 i cnl' 
 tlif L\\\ii: i tl;c Iliad ; ll.r llir.-c c-Ialcx coii-i-l dl' tlic 
 (l('iL!-\. iiobil'Jv, and conniiciial I \ liic iiM-nibcr-. 
 
 \N luMi aii\ l)ii^ii:c^ r<;|iiiic- it. tie |).>\\cr i^ iii l!u' 
 kiii>j-, itlici l( call tc-cIli.T !lii- -iatt- j)|-('\ nu i;i I or 
 liciiM'al. to a[ij)(>ii'.t i;(M'ni(M > el pi ()\ mct"^ , tli.- cliict 
 iiKii:i>(i';i i('< ul" cil li'-'. cdi' !r r <'"l;cc^ and houoiir- upon 
 tlic lu.hililw and di-p.o-v' cd' llic place ot" j iidicai lire, 
 \\ 1 1 h nl Iici' pici"()::at i\ c-. 
 
 'I li: !v!(i;j. (ir I.I'' dcMiitx la- al\\a\- tlirc' coulciI^ 
 ( ;: >-ci; ficiiioiil (.{'t!!. prcNUi - tidcr ; i^oni'ih- 
 mri.t. 'Idle lii'-t 1^ Mi;' ccii.icii (i -I;!,*' I'-r ;[.( nia- 
 !i.aii,('i.if'ii! (,r!.i!!)lic a!'.,l iiM^t in'Oi riant iiHair' f|n- 
 -ta!.- ; t i'c',::L'; iii -c--!on- -Tl.c coniud o\' lIic tr'a- 
 siirv rc'jardin^- i'lc la s.'iiiic. w li'll-. i" rn-'i;ii.v *V(":i the 
 ; ri.icc'- n:' t li'.Kin \ . (>r ' c-iutri' ihn.i- of IIh' ii'o- 
 
 . !n( liii" p:i \ a Ic c(Minc!! , i <v ni.il tcf-' ol' j > i m c 
 
 .,\i] -!:J; (tier iiirlito a- d( pciid -^nitdN np{ii tlu^ 
 prill' '- :. 11 ! iMii I f \ . 
 
 \]n-\ 111 l!',:- Itll ri'viiKC- 1 II 1 , ' i C l!,r K 1 nu." < ' i' Sj . :; ( II 
 
 ari' liiiitlid. a Ixiiiiid l'!^ with >-(\('ral ( luimodit n'>. 
 ia--^-ar\ I'lr the nil' l' a.nd -iippoil ol' the iidiahi- 
 f 'ill -. of th'-ir o\\ n ;;-ro\\ th ; hiil -oin.' (> I' t he I iiited 
 !*i-o\iiic<- wlndiv depend on li'tlVic for tin \ri\ 
 < lolhe> and loid. wherein th' \ ii-e -o miudi in/( !i'. 
 that tin \ !ia\e roldned the ^le.iti -I pari oi liic wn; ol 
 ot"lheii trade, ! a> l,i-hoii, I'ornu il\ iho vioichoii^e ot 
 '1m' Jiidie- ), now renio\i'd to \iii-terdain; Vnt\\i|) 
 lidiii w hence nieii hand i-e w a^ d i-t nl) n ted roiineil\ 
 he tore the rev(dt ol" ! he \ el hiilaiuU , inl.> a ' I pa i I - ol 
 I nii.pc. s() thai 1>\ tluir ureal i.iiow led' f and paui>
 
 156 TRAVELS OF 
 
 in navigation, thougli some of these provinces pro- 
 duce little or no corn, flax_, wool, fish, cattle^ yet 
 the place abounds with more plenty of bread, fish, 
 fleshj linen, and woollen cloths, wines, and all other 
 necessaries for the food and convenience of man. 
 
 The re'/enr.e of these United Provinces is whollv 
 raised l>y impositions laid upon all sorts of commo- 
 dities, vhich, to defray the charge, arise to an incre- 
 dible CApcrce, so that the excise must be proportion- 
 able, ijut they vell know that there can be no 
 plenty without trade, nor liberty without sea and land 
 forces to maintain it, and no supporting of trade and 
 armies without money; so that they willingly submit 
 to such contributions as would make less considerate 
 people mutiny, and fly in the face of the government. 
 The impost upon Rhenish wine is reported as much 
 as the price ; upon horses, oxen, cows, sold and re- 
 sold in the market totics quotieSj the sixth part of the 
 price; upon cattle feeding in pastures, two stivers 
 a head, which is about two pence English, by the 
 week ; upon each tun of beer, six Dutch shillings, 
 some four Englisli, and so proportionably upon other 
 roinniodities, t!ie most useful bt^ing* the most taxed; 
 hill nr.lhing almost escapes its share, except commo- 
 (ii!;-- -old in ramps, or to scholars in universities. 
 In ii!iie of \\h]\ impositions arc much higher accord- 
 ing- lO their necessities 
 
 Tiie rciiuions allowed and professed in the United 
 Pro\ince>are nuiny such as Calvinists, Lutherans, 
 Anabnpli^ls. Hrownists, and what not ; for theyadmit 
 persons of vM countries and opinions amongst lliem, 
 knowJnp; v^c}l that this liberty dras-is people, uum
 
 ^iii JOHN in:iiF.>iiv. r>7 
 
 ])cv< o[' pco\)\c iiuTcasc trade, and that trade brinu^ 
 uioiieN : but the j)re\ ailmu,- and iiin^t piihlu ! \ pr.u- 
 t i>fd i> ('al\ iiii>m. 
 
 I iider the Spaniard the oid\ tolerated [irote-Mdii 
 a> to r(dii;-|ni), i^ popei'N. !n hi> donimion- are two 
 archhi^hoprick-, th;!t ol' Maliiieaiid that ot'Caiii- 
 bra\, and ten hi-hopru Iv>, hiil all oi lluni nu an and 
 ])oorl\ eiulowed, cxtept tlu)-e ihiae of ("ain!)ra\, 
 'I'oni na\ , and Arra- 
 
 A^ to the h union r and cu-toiii- ot' ihe Low l)iit( h. 
 {he\ retain much n\' ihe lliuh (ierni:ui^. a- to their 
 d(d)au( herie- e-peeiall \ . \el the\ ha\e a i;icat asci- 
 
 ion or.i' to anot her. 
 
 'I'he Low Dut-h call liie Hi-h, nuiU'e-, that i^, 
 t lourdi . \i^ the I'reiicli ha\ e it , (U" hloekhead ; uphiaid- 
 uia' I liein with their hea\ iiie-^ ; and the r^ 'urn ]^ luir- 
 iilji ov innr-hi 'It/ inipKini;- the Low |)iitcli liulil- 
 headed : \\hat tin \ \\;int tt\ -olidil\ I knnw lutt, hut 
 tlie H(dlaiider- with I hri r a -*oe la tc- are o d;, i;i 1 1 \- 
 alloN'.ed more a jiprehiaiMN e and (|i!U'k than the 
 ( ierman*. 
 
 'i'he IJ'cntrx !:i' the I illoll 'lie \e'-', ;, \ ;iild ti:o~e 
 
 air ^ros'.ii txii'.ain 1\ ri!-lie :::id JiiMoulh ^inee liieir 
 ehniuc ot i:(>\ erinn.-n! , aeioidui;- (o liiiii. Ilutii.ii- 
 ruiii oj'iinmfi ^ d'l r:ii uhlii ic ^i 'nuir -/niu)! ij'si f\- 
 < iT' . II /ii)}i" '! \":iu: it ini!\'~ ihit in . n! [[US d' (I u I - 
 . //////- 
 
 'i'he truth i^, ua'ut h'lnen lia\e there tlie lea- I 
 "'i'ie(t ni;in\ |)1 i( e, (MxaialK *fraiiu-er. ihe\ J/.in- 
 uc 1 1 ehle ratr> ("or .'x ri\ t hui^ the\ ha\ e oeei-Km t'. .r 
 
 t- the\ (ra\( 1 and hemu pur-ued .ind pnoiM d ;i i h\ 
 the rabhle until the\ r;'t'ui:c t heni-id \ c- in !!"ir inn : 
 m:i\ ;in ea>\ [tro \ o<-a tion 'aiII make ihcin [!'>.. dut
 
 LoS TRAVELS 01 
 
 and stones at you Procercs Hispanlccc ditiouis i)lus 
 stimulis aularum exercentur. 
 
 The gentlemen under the Spaniard learn more civi- 
 lity from the example of the courtiers^ and by the 
 gentry the common people learn to be less rude, 
 
 As to the persons of the Low Dutch, they are gene- 
 rally tall and well-favoured, and fair-haired, but 
 stiff and ill-carriaged; they speak languages well, 
 especially French and English, which they are taught 
 at school as well as their own. 
 
 The women are harsdsome, aiul allow of great free- 
 dom, but are esteemed more chaste than they appear 
 to be. They use much a little kind of stovf like a 
 covered chafing dish, full of charcoal, wliich tliey 
 carry upon their arms like a basket, to church and 
 m ; ket, and so soon as they are seated, chip under 
 their coats to keep them warm. 
 
 They feed very spariiigly, the best eitize.is seldom 
 eating warm fiesli above twice iu a week, and tlsat 
 boiled. 
 
 When tlie pot is st [ on, they usually invite some 
 friends, serving firsl i,\ all the broth v.itl; sops in it,, 
 likeb.'ose, tlien t: e lie-!!, i^,'Ut sit drinking two or 
 tiirr.,' hou'S afu's : fish ihcv eat nn:ch:--- 
 
 l^^n'/hiiii (Sf ^l\:e hai'c ,Uini J'orl itnu Urrariiiii, 
 vcl rx jKijoris Cerhtonia' , :(:iiii(! sicnt sphitus, sivt 
 ni< s ((Inciindii' in far lice ucccndii ; qrrippc ndhuc 
 an 'ulivc fh ndiiiiihu;- higm/c/ilds ad .^iniilitudincDr 
 iitfcr.s nj/li l(i.s :t ,'iuidcaco poiii j-'chas Irndunt in 
 1)111 I. 
 
 it is notl'iov.n \\h<l]ier tin rlimatr, the neigh- 
 bourhcv.d oi' I'e h;;ge)- ricnniuiy, >.r education from 
 Hifancv, occa^ioDs tins their thirst; foj vvhile they
 
 SIR joiiN ){!;i;i:-iiv. 15^ 
 
 viick, tlu'N \'rr(\ llinn \\ itii Ix'cr iii hoi ;1:'^ :ii:i(lc lila- u 
 hrc;!-! ; (';i\ > in\ uullioi ) 
 
 Tlitir (iiiiik- arc a -wccli h inii(.(l\ \)<'ci . wir.r- 
 -li()ii:r \\alc;- of all -iir!-, buf c-pccial ! v braiij. . 
 'I h('\ lake iiiu- li toliarco. 
 
 'llir pra-ai.'- thai Iim' in \illaLLt'- ai.- iii L:'*':i"ral 
 iicli iiialv :ii'.v Lir*':ii i"(!u;!;-> nt' t ';;" d^.iiic-, aiu! I'l'rd- 
 ii'U' nil ii!!hir!_; l;iit liiitu ; ami c!if( m-. and ii; ^imuii.;! 
 on 1)< aii^ and rccN boiu-d willi l^a.con. 
 
 In tlic cluct" ini> ! !u\ treat \'. ' 11, hul at dear rale- , 
 tor it I- iiiiJ)(i-m!,'(!' to -at \m II nndci' a crown ordi- 
 nai"\; nor i> it -tran-c, con idcrniu' the L^aaal iinjxi^t-' 
 ii])on all connnodi t le-. 
 
 The |-'!cnun:'.-^ \sant nr.uli ol' llic coiirai:-e and 
 i)irit ol" the (MrniiMi^. hciiiLL- in>-nlted o\er and a!)n--ed 
 in l!;( ir tra'.ej-. more thian an\ nation w lia|e\er; hut 
 wheii tl',e\ ir.a!-." a;.s dri!..lveii (jiiarnd. tlie\ decide il 
 1)\ v;/'/ ,' or s ,''. a- l!h''. term it : tliat i>, citlin h \- 
 -la-hinu' or -Li! hinj,' w i; h !\:ii\e-, iinh thi\ are 
 part'd til! tl:'\ are -(dier. a;i(l tie n the daii-er ,- not 
 
 llT'-lt 
 
 'i'lii- \'.i\i-- nic-tl\ weir ihi' hreeche-, aad ip-oi! 
 o\ei thcii' lin-hand- \Ni!h word^ upon ea-\ oce;i-iitii, 
 heiiiL;- niuci! r,:\iii:-,d t)\ the law> ot" tin' C(U!;i:iv 
 wIikIi iiiIIk ; I I'l'.i-I'.nient' upon tlio-e that nv,-n-< 
 t In ir w i\ (^, and allow ii;l:" t !ie w dint n not on! \ to ta k;- 
 l)a(lv. nion the'.hiilh (I the hii-hand ilie poitmn 
 the\ hroii'.lit hiin, hut al-ohalt'ol the e-tate or pro 
 ])ert\ he ha~ ace ;iuin laled whil-t lhe\ li\ed I.ij-.iIk r 
 and t(. ('i-p(-e id" 1 1 at her pleaMire. 
 
 'I'll- town- ,ii.' iri'-.i^. I'm -trect- I. litre, tie' iiH'i-e- 
 'd hnek. -oaie liiice an>l -oine t.oir 'ten - !:i_h 
 unl til" -tr<'.;> ( leaiici than nm-t looi .- in 'th-'i
 
 160 TRAVELS OF SIR JOHN RERESBY. 
 
 countries^ and their houses neat to an uneasy degree^ 
 one scarce daring to stir or spit in them^ for fear of 
 disobliging the mistress by disordering them. And 
 thus much in short of the Low Countries. 
 
 From CalleuXj we were forced (some Frenchmen 
 and myself) to hire a cart to Dieppe, the only car- 
 riage that village afforded. From Dieppe we took 
 horses to Rouen^ and went from thence with the mes- 
 senger to PariSj where we arrived the beginning of 
 January^ 1657. 
 
 After some months stay at Paris, to take a more 
 perfect account of certainly the finest court and city 
 of Europe, than my last short stay would permit, I 
 set forward for England on the second of jVlay, by 
 the way of Dieppe, arriving safely at London on the 
 20th, in the year 1658, after four years absence ^wm 
 my own country.
 
 IjO- 
 
 rRFrACF: 
 
 FIRST EDITION OT Till: MIlMOIfi^ 
 
 To insi>t on {\\v \-d\\w ot' works of this na- 
 ture, w hen llu'v conic t'roni men of real kno\vlc(l<'-e 
 and un(ler>lan(linix, were only to rcjxat what the 
 t\i.scst mm lia\e often said for us. The reader, 
 we l)fhf\f. will 1)(> eonNUiCfd that Sn' John was a 
 person \t'r\' fijual lo llu- la^k lit' undertook ; and 
 lia\nii;- suc'i opporlunilics ot [U"vin<j^. a^ U were, 
 into the !i(ail-> ot the i;r('alc>l nHni>lt iv-- and 
 j>nn(('^ ol' hi> time, it had hem unpardoiiahlo m 
 linn to ha\c rctraiiU'd troin c-onnnunuMliu^ the 
 manv important matters he ^o vt^surt^'dU- knew. 
 'J'he reader will. \\e hopi , find m him an impar- 
 tiaht\' rareU' met with m w rilt r^ who h.i\e heeii. 
 hke hnn. ol a p;;r!\ : foi", liem^- a man ol li'.e 
 >trict''-l honour aiid ii:t-e-t eon-^eience. he. i. 
 -f'em^. ihouuht It a^ m)|U-L ii it to apj)i:eid Uii 
 eiiem\ tor ane oood he had d<uie. a-> \\ .'- U' ' 
 loaeeu-'i' a tVu iid wlnii. thj"oM'_h liiiii..i'i iiiellv- 
 Mf Ikiihh !; (I t(j d( -( r\ e it . 'li::-. ;'i.;'i > h;-.; ^u i< -
 
 IcO* PREFACE TO MEMOIRS. 
 
 before, might be sufficient to bespeak the reader 
 in his favour, even though he had related no fact 
 but such as had been an hundred times repeated 
 before this appearance of his book ; but as he 
 abounds with things new, or what is the same, 
 with matters known to very few hving, and which 
 will much assist us in forming a right idea of the 
 times he lived in, he must claim a greater share 
 of attention. But we will now leave Sir John to 
 plead his own cause, and shall only add, that we 
 flatter ourselves with the approbation of the pub- 
 lic, for our thus retrieving him from the recesses 
 of privacy.
 
 \i i:m <)1 i;s 
 
 () I 
 
 ^ M( .loii \ K i:r. i:si;v 
 
 /'./ /''/( )\ !/ \i>.')^ f" tin: ]\ui- lo'S'J. 
 
 ( )s StpH'iiilirr 'J.;. 1(.".'^. liicd the PriWcr-tor, ()!iv(M 
 CKjiii'.v. 1!, (jiic ot the L!icaU'-l ;iiul liia\('^t iiicn. hail 
 hi- caii-c h; I'll '^Dod, X'av wurUl ever ^aw. 1 li'^ aelluii^ 
 I Umvc to t:ie lii-loiKui ; ami haviii;^ hern \( iv ncai 
 his |i<j.M!i l)al (;ii'r, at an amheiiee ot an aiiiha'^-ador 
 at \V hilchall, I can oiilv ^av tiial hi- li-!ii(' diil not 
 fome lip to 111- eii ir ii'lei ; he \\a- Mi(K;ctl a hktdv per- 
 -oi). hai iioi and-ouK", nor had he a \lv\ hohl h)()k 
 Ailij iiiui. llf'.va- [liaiii ill his appaich and latiier 
 lu'ifliicnl than nnl. '1 (Mrs lie hail at will, and \va- 
 !(Mhii(.>-, I'lC de<'[M'-t (h--eiiih!( r on earth. 
 
 1 iir l)ak.' (;!' 1 (UckinLlh ini. who had attended tlic 
 i.ni^ in iii< ( \i!e. had (h-ohh^cd, and Ift'l hi- ina|( -ty 
 -oiiir tunc h( tore, and wa- \\t)\\ (aideav(;inini: to 
 Ilia! IV tlic (huiL'litir and June-- ot 1 lioina- Lord I air- 
 I i\. torninlv tlic pa: hani' iit"- ^eiuaal, and iiii'o w iioin 
 liad he(ai ^lanleii t!ic .et ile-L part ol the -aid (hike'- 
 ' -I I'.- . 'I'hi- (hike '.\.i- the line-l L'eiilU'Miaii. I'oth loi
 
 1G2 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 person and wit, 1 think I ever saw ; but he* knew not 
 how to be lon^ serious, or niiniifiil of business ; and 
 had behaved with some insolence to tlie king, which 
 was the cause ot" their sepaiation. It was on the ICth 
 of August \65^J, tliat I first became acquainted with 
 liim, and he from the very first moment expressed a 
 kindness for me. 
 
 It was now easy to perceive that a way was paved 
 to facilitate the king's return ; but still the rump kept 
 np some face of state ; and I remember to have been 
 present at a dinner, given by the city of London, to 
 Lambert and other oiiicers of the army, by far more 
 costly and splendid, than anv I ever saw given after- 
 ^vards to his majesty ; so muc'.i is awe more prevalent 
 than love. 
 
 Continuing but in a indifferent state of health, I 
 partly for that reason, and partly for others, returned 
 to Paris in October, where I had no sooner put my- 
 self into some equipage, but I endeavoured to be 
 known at our queen motlicr's court, which she then 
 kept at the Palace Royal. Ilcr majesty had none of 
 he.- children with iier, but liie princess Henrietta Ma- 
 ria ; and few of the I'nglish making their court there, 
 1 '-vas the better received. As I spoke the language 
 of the couniry and danced pretty well, the young 
 [)rincess, then aiiouL fifteen year;i of age, behaved to- 
 wards mc wi'.h ail the civil freedcMu that mi'dit be : she 
 made me dance uith her, plav on the harpsichord to me 
 jn lier iiighnes.^e-, cha-nbcr ; suffered me to wait on her 
 as she walked in the garden, and bOLUctimes to toss her 
 m a sumg between two trees, and in fine, to be pre- 
 irntat all iicr iiinocciit (liveiHons.
 
 <l\[ JOHN iU'.RI.M'.N 
 
 I lie f|UfCi) com iianilcd nn- to atU lu! a- Ci!"lt n a^ I 
 toiivcnit'iilly could ; -ii.,' iui.l a L^icat all. '-(lOii I'nr I'.n^- 
 la;nl. nolwiiii^iaiHliu^ t'ac -cvcaitv i/i' u-a-r -a ;Mid 'n^i--, 
 liad iiicl Willi liiCrc. Willi t' c 'j.cat Mini and laduv- oi 
 I raiicc. ^lic di-c-oiir-((l iinu !i in piai v oI l'.:- people 
 and connU'v, ol' flirw laana.a-, lluir L.'<na o^iu, llicir 
 L^Owd nataia-. and wonld cxrn-c all iIk lati' iiii-tor- 
 Uiiic.-,, as l)!on'j;lit aixjiit hv .some dc-pc i .U cntiui.-r.i.-t-;, 
 raliai- ihan p:n:((diii4 I'l o n Tc l:< ni!;- and tcinp( r 
 ot llic nalion. 'To ii'iKc ;i !inlc in-laiua ot' i. m inclina- 
 tion toi'llic |all:ll^ll, I liappK iiial lo can v an I'ai'jii.-li iicii- 
 lliMiian '.vitli nic owi' (iA\ to '"onrt, and he, to he veiy 
 fine, liud i^ot iiim a. garniture of i i(ai lihhon lo his suit, 
 in which \va> a nii\tn:e of red and v(llo\\ ; which the 
 (pu'cn oh^ervin^r^ called t(j me, and bad me advi>^e my 
 Irit nd to iiKMid his tancv a lidle, a> to liis lihbon-, 
 the iwi) coloins he had lonud. hein.:j ridicaiions in 
 Trance, and mi;dit 'ji'.c the l-'i^nch (na'a-ion lo lauL!,u 
 at him. 
 
 I iiad liiiee con-in- then iii an l'nLj;li-h convent at 
 l\ni-. one <d liani an antnait hnh;, .\\\>\ ^mce al)he-.-> 
 (jI til- hoii-e: liiiJKi' the tpaeiii w.i^ wont otien lo 
 reliia tor >ome 'ia\--; and the ladv wonld tell me that 
 Loial .l(jrm\n, >nice S'. Allian-, IkuI the i|iicen i:i'(\ill\- 
 ill iiwe of Inni, and indct d il wa-. oh\ion> that lie had 
 L'leat In 1 1 at -.(. wiih \a v eoncei ih : lull that lie w<i^ mai - 
 ried lo lua', or had children hv iua', as some ha\( 
 reported, I did not lh( n heiie\e, llionuh. il;e ihim:; wa- 
 ci ri;iml\ -o. 
 
 i lie court ot I'lancc was \-(m v '-ph ndid ihi- winter, 
 1''0''); a "Maiid ma^k wa- danced at the l.on\u\ wiicrc 
 'hf' kiiiijand [irince-- lleinieHa ol" I-'aiuhind danced to 
 
 M 'J
 
 l(U MEMOniS OF 
 
 adiiiiralion : But tlicrc was now a greater resort to the 
 palace than the French court ; the good humour and 
 wit of our queen motlier, and the beauty of the prin- 
 cess her dauiihter beinj: nioi-e invitinii; than any thins^; 
 that aj^pearcd in the Frcncli queen, who was a 
 Spaniard. 
 
 The queen mollicr received the news of his majes- 
 ty's hiappv restoration, with all iniaginable demonstra- 
 tions of joy, and, auiong other things, gave a noble ball 
 at court, to wliich every body of the greatest quality 
 was invited, and to which all the l''nglish gentlemen 
 then at Paris, had admittance. Having been ill some 
 time before, I would have been excused from dancing, 
 but the C|ucen commanded me to tal<e out the cardi- 
 nal's niece, I obeyed. 
 
 1 staved at Paris till August, and received more 
 honours from the queen and tiie ))rincess her daugh- 
 ter, than I deserved, or could acknowledge, but by 
 the most constant duty and attendance in my 
 power. 
 
 On llie 'Jd of Auiiust I set out for l^n^land : but be- 
 fore my def)artuie, I waited on the queen for her 
 conmiands ; she told me she would write by me, and 
 oidered me to attend next morning for her letter. 
 Halving received it and taken my leave, I desired to 
 know, if it recpiired haste? Her majesty said, no, for 
 that it contained hut little besides a jjarticular recom- 
 mendation of me to iier son tlie king. 
 
 At London I met my mother and most of my rela- 
 tions, who were couic u[), as from all paits of luigland 
 they did, to see the king, and was presented by the 
 Duke of Orniond, l!;en but mai'quis, to his majesty
 
 .siu JOHN i{i:i{i:>iJ^ 
 
 l('>5 
 
 111 the privy ciuiuiliei" al W'tiiti-lidll, :m>! liilr.cnn.: him 
 the (jiiccn'.i Icltrr, hi' a^kcd nic -cvcuil (iMr-lniii-, bolii 
 l\>ll(e^^iIl^ hci" atui my vtnaiic 
 
 '1 he court al \\ hilrhall soon bccdiio vciA iiia^nili- 
 c'ciil, ihc Duke (;t' ^ oik haMiij; hi.- ('(jiii t aoait, and iht; 
 Duke ol' dhjucc^ter Liis. The kin^doMi wa- now virv 
 lich, and iwcu were L[(iiciallv -ali.-tiid with the kin'j,'-> 
 )-ctinn ihoii-ii >o!nc n:aiconient> (;i' vcvcial -oil- there 
 w'-ie ; and how -hinild it he olherwi-e - Hut the kini^ 
 (hd not nnuli adhere lu hn.-ines- : Ail wai ealm and 
 I'a.-y, he had a [jailiaim nl ready lo vi<'Ki lo anv linuL!; 
 i!)at was rea tjnahle, as the aels ihev made -ntheiently 
 deekire, ami the I'.ai I of Clarendon, then ehaneelloi-, 
 w a- at the lielm. Ine l'.i'''j;, w!io \\a- at an aj,e and 
 vi'iour Ibr it, pui-ueil his plea.-ni' - ; and il' hjve pic- 
 vaih'ti witii iiim more than anv other j)a--ion, lie liad 
 liiis tor excuse, l)v'.-ule- lliat liis e(-:Mp!f\ion w\is of an 
 amoKJU- -oi"t, the wonu ii xemed to tx t.ic aLjLire or- ; 
 and I l;ave sniee iieai'd tnc kiii'^ .-a\ thai Linv would 
 -omenme- tjdei' them.-eKe- to iii- enihrace : not' 
 wei'c tiie two duke-, liis hi'ollier-, UK.u'e a\(r.'e to the 
 -e\ Uian iu.^ ma|e-tv. 
 
 In Xo\cnil)ei', tlie kin^i:'- aunt ^tlie (^'ie< n of Dohe- 
 WAA) came o'.lt l;om llu: llaiiur, a- ihd al-o in- si-ler, 
 the I'lineCiS ol" Or.ui^e ; hut thev holh died >oon al'ler 
 l!;Mr ariival, a^ did al-o tiic Duke ol' ( i loucf. -ici'. 
 
 Ti." ([ueeii mother olt( ii a-k<'d me; il tiir k:n_^ \\:'a\ 
 (lone auv liiiii'j, t'oi' me, and what H wa- 1 had li\t J 
 lie, nund on, tiiat she uu^lil -pe.ik .i wdiil lor n.i' ; 1)^:' 
 in tintn 1 tiid r.ot at ih it lime pui-ne niv own advan- 
 taLi,e a- 1 mi^ht iiave done : and went to com I ratiia 
 t'l converse and hn;k aluMil me, than to -oheil any 
 1i\i:m; : I ehi:;ll\- rehed on tiie 'iu.'cn'- k,ndn< r- !o ir.f.'
 
 166 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 and the influence she had over the king: but all tiic 
 pleasing superstructure fell to the ground ; the queen 
 left England soon after the death of her children, tak- 
 ing the princess Ilenrieita away witli her to Paris, and 
 I was disappointed. 
 
 On the (ith of .lanuai^.^ lu()l, a email rebellion was 
 raised in London by one Vernier, which in its very 
 ri>e was defeated by a jiaity of the giiart'is; but run- 
 nirii'' cut of town thev ridlied au'ain iii (-ane-v^ood near 
 lligiigate. liaviug a niind therefore to see a little 
 action, I mounted one of my coach-horses, and 
 mounted njy man upon the otl'Cr, and joined Sir 
 Thomas Sands, vUio coniuianded the party of the 
 guards that went in puisuit of the incendiaries. Hav- 
 ing searched the vv(XKi till rnidnightj we came to a 
 little house, uliere liie peo|)!e told us they had been 
 desiring some victuals but a little while before, and 
 that they could not be far off. Accordingly, about an 
 hour after this, we found sonic of them in the thickest 
 i)art of the wood. They discharged their pieces at us, 
 but the moon setting they got from us, and hur- 
 lied back again to London, where they met with the 
 i'ate every body knows. Tlieir captain and about 
 twenty more were hanged, drav.n and quartered : 
 about twenty of them were kiiicd in their several skir- 
 mishes, and about as many of the king's men, one of 
 which was shot not far from me in Cane-wood. 
 
 It was this summer that the Duke of York first 
 took any particuhy notice of me. I happened to be 
 in discourse with the Lrencii ambassador, and some 
 other gentlemen ol his nation, in the presence at White- 
 hall, and the duke jomed us, lie being a great lover of 
 the Trench tongue, and kind to those who spoke it.
 
 sii: JOHN i;r.!:i>i'.v. 
 
 I ('7 
 
 I lit' nc\l nii^lil lie talkcJ uiih mc a luiij^ wiiilc, a- lie 
 was at -n[)]'tf w iin Ww ki'i,;. 
 
 On luc Ijnli ut May, 1('!>J, lli;' kini wcnl lo re- 
 ceive the Infiinta of Portugal at Poi-lMin-utii, ittciKkHi 
 l)y tiie Li:rL'ai(>t (Mini I cv; r -aw in auv i)!()_:r('>-. I'lil 
 tliiiiiu;ii. ii[)ui! t!i!- '.('(M-io!!, ( \' rv iIum'j; wa- uav :u\d 
 '^I'kaidul, ami picjfiiM Iv jovt'i!. i; \\ a-? ca^v (o ili-rcrn 
 l.;at (lie kin^ was iiol cxcc-sivclv i i, nin, tl with lii^ new 
 (iiidi'. \\\,<j \\,\^ a \fiv liillc woman, \'-it:i a prcltv iolc- 
 raiilc tacr ; >\\v. ncillu i" in pt i-on nor nianncr>, iiad 
 anv (MIC aiticU to >tan(l in conipi tM ion w ilii llic charms 
 (^1 t!ic Connlc5:i ot" C'astlcinam, (since Duclic-- iw 
 C'Icvck.nul) the liiu-t \\oman ot' licr aL;e. ll i-- ^vcil 
 known that the loril ch.uicellor had the hiame ol' this 
 imlVnitl\'l niritch, and lluil ll)e (jueen was saul to iuue 
 a co;l^tant thior np(jn \\cv, which rendered her in- 
 capaoK; t)t conc( pt i(>n. 
 
 In lhe\car !('." ), tliewar hiolvcoul hclwcen n-> and 
 llic J)ntch; and 1 roolved to -ervc as vohnitecr in 
 our llect, hopmi; to he on hoaid the diike"> own 
 :-hip. 1 .iccoiahniilv e(|nippcil mv-t llWith nccc>-ar.cs 
 loi" the -ea, and went to procme the kniLi -- !i'a\e to l^o 
 (Ml i)oard, ami to receive hi^ command-^ to th(.' (hil c, 
 intending to \)v. Lione the next (ia\. '1 ii^ Imitj; told mc 
 h(> wa- wilinvj I should 'U). hut had lcttci> to write to 
 the (hike, winch he would ^cnd hv mc, and oidi rc'l mc 
 to sta\ tor tliem dav at'tt r d.ic (( \pc(.-tin'i, ii -(,'cm-, 
 In-.^L to hear irom tiic d'il,( i,ll at Lc i in- maic-tv to! I 
 me he >li(Mild nol wiilc, and tiial I iicciad not now to 
 Lio, tor that tiie duke would he -p/(ilii\ (ui M'(>r(\ he 
 not. haviii'j: hccn alilc to hrnc' the l)e,leii to ai tnci. 
 
 A drc.idlul piaLjnc im'm <\ m l.oni' mi, (I'tmil: t'l'' -um- 
 i!cr 'if It.;,.,, Nsliieh -wciit a'Aav 07. ,(\) j:im>;!-. If
 
 1(38 MEMO HIS (31' 
 
 was usual for people to drop (lown in ihc strecis as 
 ihey went about tiicir busiise^'S ; and a story is re- 
 ported for a certain truth, that a bag-piper bcin^ ex- 
 cessively overcome with lirpior, fell doun in th street 
 and there lay asleep. In this eotuiition he was taken 
 up and t}n"o\\ninto a cart betiuics the next nKjridnL'', 
 and carried away with some dead boihcs. Mcanuliile 
 he awoke from his sleej), it being now about daybreak, 
 and rising up began to p'uiy a tune, whieii so .:;Urprized 
 the fellows that drove the cai t, who could see noiliing 
 distinctly, that in a fright they betook tiieu) to their 
 heels, and would have it that they had taken u}) the 
 devil in tiie disgui'-e of a dead man. 
 
 But to resume other things, I married; wva] uas 
 thereby prevented I'rom being an eye witne-.s of the 
 Dutch war ; and so 1 shall only sav that his highness 
 obtained a glorious victory over that republic. 
 
 JJis royal highness the duke and his duchess came 
 down to \ork, in August, where it was observed that 
 ]\Ir. Sydney, the handsomest youth of his time, and of 
 the duke's bed chaniber, was greatly in love with the 
 duchess, and indeed he might Avell b(; excused, ibr the 
 duchess, daughter to Ciiancellor Hide, was a very 
 handsome personage, and a woman of hue wit. The 
 duchess on her part seemed kind to him, but veiv 
 innocently; but he had the n:isfortunc to be ba- 
 nished the coui't aftciuards for another reason, as 
 was reported. 
 
 On the .5lh of October I went to Oxford, to put 
 the king in mind of a former promise, to make me 
 high sherilT of the county of \'ork, the vear next ensu- 
 ing; but hearing that Sir IVancis Cob (who had been 
 at some extraordinary charge in receiving and attend-
 
 siK JOHN m:in>i;v 
 
 U>[i 
 
 iii'^ tlio oourl al \ o; k ) obtained a LTiaiU to Louliimc 
 JM that otiice tor aiiotiur yrar, ;il ln^ liiLLinK'->".i ;i,ur- 
 co-ioii I wuiicci oil ilif liiikc, ac'([uaiiilr(l liim uiili mv 
 claim, and l-e-jLli'd ins a^^i^lall( c. lie loltl iiic he 
 \\i>tiL'(l lie luul kiiowii mv claim in tiaic, tiiat he 
 should have been r( a '. to mm \ \\:r. uiul liuil I had 
 iK'vei'lhtle-^ I !- leave lo :-olieil iii- iiM!' .-i\'> ^):(Jml^(,. 
 I tiiaiikcd iiim, bill ,-;tiel I ciai'.d iiol appiar in aiiv 
 d; 1, I'e ot" ojij bilion to hi-- h.i'jhne^^".-. inteicsl and 
 |)lea-!ire, and w.mid liaretore 'lelir m\ |uet(:n^ioii> lo 
 a betu r oppo; tiiiiuv. 1 ne- !k' Untk \e: ", Kiiidlv, went 
 Willi me lo li.e kii):^, and pit.- iited n e to Inm tor ihc 
 next vear ; his nia.iois ^ave H"' h- .i aio to !\i->, and 
 his wortl once moi'e, ihal 1 -ii'^'ild he ir rdl a^ I had 
 de-i:ed. 
 
 .V j^rcal and happv v!ctorv was ohtaiiad o\(a' the 
 Dnlch on ihe 'Jjtti (jl' .lnK\ I'o!.), bv i'mua' luipeiL 
 and the Dnke ol AllKinaile ; and a .->ad and dismal 
 tire laid liie \a-t and noble e i i[ i.ondnn in a>he,'> ; 
 but i1k>( beiiiii ev(.ait> liial hav'' b' en ot' lalt,' largely 
 described alreadv, I shall oiiU oi)M r\c c)t llie laller, 
 Uuit the dieadml doti uctic^n \' a > ii"! more i xtraor- 
 (Imary tiian the spee(l, rc^nlari',-, , aiii eo t wherewiih iL 
 w a^ reti u ved, and a new London, tar exceidinii liic 
 old, erected. 
 
 I went to lajiidoii en the 'Jd ol' ( ),-ujl>er, to put lii" 
 kin'j; and tlu' diike in mind (l' tiieii promi.-e, liial 1 
 >h(ju!d be luLlh .-^iierilV l^r tliC conniv ot' ^ ork tor liic 
 year next en>miiix ; and no .-ooner did 1 appear betere 
 the (hike than he >aul to me, " I i eioemi'eri d vdii 
 " thoiiL^h \()ii wa,^ not Ik i(\ and V(Mir im-iia'-^ i> Oone 
 ' I'or von." And, to <av liie Iriilb iheie \\a> no 
 iniiice at tl.at 'i'la' eli-ravcd to be i:;-/:* ]'..;cl':al to
 
 ?70 iVJIixMOlKS 01' 
 
 his word, I found what the duke told iiie to be pci - 
 feetly true, ihc king did graciously confirui what he had 
 said, and named me sherifT lor llie county of York, 
 though I was not of the three presented lo liini by 
 the judges. 
 
 The duke of Buckinghaui had been some time in 
 disgr-ace at court ; ar.d being suspected of some evil 
 practices against tlie king, on the 8lh of March, 166'7, 
 a proclamation was isbucd out to np[)re!iend him. I 
 confess I was at a loss lo know how to act in this mat- 
 ter, between the obligation of my office as sljcrift", and 
 the respect I had for the duke : but the judges coming 
 down to the assizes, advised me by all means to f)ro- 
 claim it, which 1 did, and it for ever after lessened mc 
 in the esteem of that lord. 
 
 iMy lord Southampton, lord high treasurer of Eng- 
 land, being lately dead, the administration of that 
 great office was transacted by four commissioners, the 
 Duke of Albemarle, Loid Ashley Cooper, afterwards 
 Earl of Shaftsbury, Sir ^\'illiam Coventry, secretary 
 to the Duke of \ ork, and Sir John Duncomb. It 
 was now that the parliauient fell upon the great Earl 
 of Claiendon, who having surrendered the seals, a 
 few months afterwards, as much as possil)le to avoid 
 the heat of his enemies, retired privately into france. 
 J lis greatest enemv in the house of lords was the Duke 
 of Buckinghain ; in the house of commons, Sir Thomas 
 Osborne, since Earl of Danby ; by this step, and by 
 the help of his grace the Duke of Buckingham, Avho 
 was now ab-ulutc favourite, it was that Sir 'J'homas 
 more especially rose to hi.> heigb.t of dignity. 
 
 Tlic Duke of Buckingham now acted as prime 
 minister: the king consullcd him cliiuly in all con-
 
 .silt juii.N l{Ll!l:^^,^, 
 
 171 
 
 ciiii'^ of nio:nC!:t ; l!ic r()iii;j;n miiii-ici.^ wic \n aitply 
 t J iiiiii, bct'oiL" ti:ijv could !)(.' luliiiitlLHl U) uil itu 'ic:i('. 
 Di.t \iV \\u.> .-ucii a hie lo ii'i-iiic- -, ^v.c.i a I'liciui lo 
 |);c,;-iii('. ami -o npt lo turn L.c: li ly uilw u.^ht, ai.d iiic 
 ihu.iil iuU) (!av, liiul 1.;.' could lu ;ti.Li' at'. . ii ! ic'^uhirl\ (jii 
 till- kui'j,, uta" ili>|)alcii !.u::ii!C>-, ;!- il (ju^lit !u lir, wiili 
 'ii;ij-'C \\\\i) i),:d auv lii:.;u!o iic.,; j'Tate \\it:i !;.ui ; so lii5 
 fii;ui-(i\' j':(r.cd<;l no IoUl, dm ali(,;:i. 
 
 [\: I'.r -p:ii^_ ot' lO'oN, I carried ;:iv I'aunlv up to 
 ;"'..:i, >'.:,.:( l!.c can I aud '. ilv w (TC i;d ^a',' ai:d |jVial .; 
 i ). j 'arc .\a.- ui.w v aiciu did '>'. ii;i 1 ra.ure, \'.ulli Spain, 
 ".'.nil i)^iuna!k, ;,i:d [\c Slalc- ( icaic i a i. Ami ta^-adors 
 i\liat)i tiinarv \\<'i\' \]()\\ -cut and rcv-ti\(.(i \siih the 
 L'rcatL--; j)()(U[) and .-jik'ud(;r. 
 
 On the .")lli of Aju:!, 1(;()'), tin. TiiuLV ol" 'J'uacauv 
 cau.c to Loudon, witii a rciinuc and c i jinpau;^ >ui(aIilL 
 lo ill- iiijii luiali'v, and wa- at ln"-L uau^niticcnllv tai- 
 l( I'taiucd !), tiie kmii ; bat alter r-omc tune, he ke[)L 
 no a -I at, hi- own cxj.encc, and i. .d piCnlv <>t all I he por- 
 lahle lainic- lo;' lnod ami diini., I'.ilv had lo aliord. 
 I (iiaed wnii him twice; he was \civ knid to me, a- 
 ill; w a- lo all liiu-e w iio had tiaveiied into lids', anil 
 -j.ok- liie lan^ua^e. And ihis -piin^ liie I'lmce ol' 
 |)cnu..iri\ wa- m I.ondun, tlic .-auic wiio .-ome vear- 
 alii iwaid- m:i;"i:ed ihe Piinee.-^ Anne ot lai^laml. 
 
 jkil all "du- lo.liiv w a:5 imauil lalo muunuuij; lui 
 l!ie (k'alli ol \i.(: (puAu uioliaa', wiio on ihi' lOln i/i 
 Au_;;::l (leparUd ihis Im; al I'aiis : >nc \\ iC- a m'eat 
 prm(i' -, and mv\(a'v Liood nu-li'os. 
 
 In luc >umn.',r oi lojo ihe Duchess ot' ()i le.in>, tin; 
 LuHj;'- M-tt 1". cauic o\ei" to 1 )over, wluae >'ie wa^ 
 ui' t. |,\- the kiu'i, ilic Duke ul ^ urk, and liu' wnoii;
 
 172 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 court. Here it was thai she conhrmcd his hii;hness tiie 
 duke in the [>opisii supersliiion, of wliich he iuid as yet 
 been but barely suspected ; and it is said to have been 
 his jTrand ariiunient, for sucii his adherence to those 
 tenets, that his mother had, upon her hist blessing, 
 commanded him to be Ijisn and stcdiast thereto. Be- 
 fore this, it was thongiil he was rather a friend to the 
 presbylerians ; for not long hefoi e, a nonconformist 
 minister being jirosecuted at Pomfret, ibr jireaching in 
 u conventicle, it was reported tliat his highness, and 
 the Duke of Buckingham, tlien principal minister of 
 state, had written in his favour to the justices : but the 
 duke as I was one day attending on him in St. James's 
 Park, called me to him, and discoursing over the thing 
 to me, declared what was rej)orted to be a mistake, 
 that he had not concerr-ed liimsclf at all with it, though 
 he was so nuich a friend to that sort of people, that he 
 could wish the law had not been ])ut in execution 
 against him, or to liiat elfect, and that absolutely he 
 did not write. At the same time he told me to repre- 
 sent him, upon occasion, as no enemy to such. Here- 
 upon I acquainted his higiiness, that there was a kins- 
 man of mine, one jNIr. Vincent, in town, who was a lead- 
 ing man in that parly ; his higlmess ordered me to bring 
 liim to court, which I (4id, and the duke took him aside, 
 and talked with him a great while. It was generally be- 
 lieved that the duke, in this, acted the j)oiitician suita- 
 ble to the time ; for il was now^ rumoured about, the 
 king would be divorced Irom his (jueen, which, by thu> 
 courting all parlies, he iiroposcd to j)revei]t. 
 
 But however this was, our royal family lost another 
 cf its nundxr ; lor the Dnkc of Orleans had for soni'.-
 
 sii: JOHN iii'.Ki^in' 
 
 17'. 
 
 t:ni' I ( fore l):\-!i i{\r'):i- of iii^ wiic, ;r.!. if all tliat 'S 
 -;iiw I'C !:!:o, ;i >l ^\:!l; ;.;!. lI'JoJ liro'i!!:! : llu; C ouiU i\c 
 (iWic'.ir, It .-(. ;,!>-, i:,i(l injciiii lavoiiri li' wilii her, and 
 lujw -'.. is >ii(! to Iiivt; liilcti in l()\c \\;;ii liu.' l)uk{' ol 
 .M'MiiiPnilli, w :.r,t; slic \\a- at 1 )(j\ ci' ; in -iioit, ttiiiiL:> 
 were ^() ri|.r(-i!it(N! to liie (iiike hi;r iiu>l)auil, that -he 
 died vcrv >iuiici>iv at'tcr \ic\- i\'lar!i lo I'ari-, l>y poisuii 
 a> tiic I'cpoi'l w (lit. 
 
 'iiic PniR-c oi"()ra:i^(' cdWiC to London in October, 
 to piv a \i-it to tiic kiii'i. '1 iic parliament hcini^ now 
 nut, piirsiiar.t tt) p-'/oroj; ilion, it liappnied that Sir 
 .foim C'ovcnlrv. in a sptcch he inad(\ niU'cti'd on tlm 
 kiiiiZ^ wcncliiPLr; \\liii"!i I'ciiiLj rcporlcd lo tiie Dnkcot* 
 .Monmouth, he ordered Sir Ihomas SaiuN (an otlieer 
 ot' the Liuards' and three or tdnr more, to way-lav hiiii 
 as he went lale liome to hi^ h)(hj;inL!; ; \v hieh thev ac- 
 (oi-(linjlv did, and. taking iiim out ot" liis eoaeii, slit his 
 no-;'. Hut eomplaiiU tiierecdhc ini; nruli- lo ihe house, 
 it eau-f'd -IK ii a In at, that tiienrc proueedcd the act 
 ai^am-t malieiou- niaimniLZ and 'a oundni'j;. 
 
 1 lie j'linei.'oi ()ian.:r lei.iaiii' d in IhiL^laiul, and 
 iinkni- hi- adi;re--(- to ilic I.a.!v Marv, eldest dauLili- 
 li'i' l(j tii;- (hike, til-' kniLi; ent( rtaine.l \ii:\\ wiiii ;^i\ al 
 .'-p'aaido:'. a- well (jn Iliat aecoiint, a- heeau'^e ol' hi^ 
 icjation to hini a:: 1 ureal p 'r-on d UKiit. One niLjni 
 .It a -upp( I', lii'vcn i)V tiie l)ukc ui liuekiivihain, lln 
 kiiii: made him dii:,k \' rv iiard : liie priiiee \va> iKiUi- 
 ralU' a\'; -(' to ii. ha! hrari once cait'aad, was iiiorc 
 lrv)lie and i;av than the i( -t (1 the (o;;.pan\ ; and now 
 liic mind look linn to hicak the \\indo\\> ol the cnaai- 
 h(as h<'l(;n_inii lo li:c inaiu- o! Iioiuair. and M' iiad l;oI 
 n;o i:i'ir ap;'.i Ini! ;i!-. laid tia". not iucn ! iiiely ic--
 
 174 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 cued. His mistress, I suppose did not like him the 
 worse for such a notat)lc indication of his viiToar. 
 
 On the 31st of March, 16? 1, died Anne Duchess of 
 York, with her last l)reatli declaring hei'self a papist. 
 
 On tlie 3 1st of Ai)ril, war was dfclarcd afjuinst the 
 States General ; and now the city of Loiulon had in 
 a great nieasnrc recovered herself out of her ashes, 
 and was so far rehuilt this yeai', I hat the king was 
 on the Lord ^Jayor's day invited to dinner, which he 
 accepted. 
 
 Tiic king about this time issued out a proclamation 
 for the indul'ji;ence of lender co!)Sciences, which caused 
 great uneasines, not only in the houses of pailiameiU, 
 where it was afterwards reversed, hut lliroughoul the 
 whole kingdom ; and was the most violent blow thai 
 had been given to the church of England from the day 
 of the restoration. All sectaries now i)ui)licly rejiaiicd 
 to their meelings and convcnlicles ; nor could all the 
 laws afterwards, and t!ie most ligorous execution of 
 them, ever suppress these separatists, or bring them to 
 ilue conformiLy. 
 
 In the montli of ^lay, l672, the I'rench joined us 
 against the Duleii, but in tlie end betrayed us. In 
 the engagement, uj)on tiie iSlli of iiuit month, the 
 IVench stood olt', and left us and tiie Dutch to 
 make the hest we could of it ; wtiereas if they had 
 assisted his hiiilmebS of \ork, who then commanded 
 in chief as hiiili adunial, we had doubties oht;iinc<l a 
 signal victory ; but as the case was, we had so much 
 the better, that, after a hghl of eight hours, the 
 Dutch made sad IVom us. In this eng-igement pe- 
 ri.'^hetl Iviward Alonlaguc^, I'.arl of SanebMch, vice 
 admiral.
 
 v|II .1(111 N !tI'.!li-Sin'. 
 
 17 
 
 I; u,i- liii- V( :ii" tli.it iiiv I.(jiil llu!.;.!'. i,:^i cmif 
 iiit'> Ijiiiuc- , .'iiul u;i- <'.\ (1111 i>\ tl.i' pi iv V <: );iii<- 1. j le 
 
 \\.l>>(JO!l :il(.T. thc'Jl^t (jI'.IiiIv, i('l!':i ill CO llllll I- K >!l 
 
 Willi I'lK l)ii!.(.' of l)!ici^i:iuii:i;!i ;iiul l.'i^d Arlni'.'tgii, ub 
 a;iila-^;i(!()r to li.c liU-s; l>uL lo no jKirpoMj; t'li'' 
 war rontiiinca. 
 
 I l.ail l.car.i [\\c L'.wi iiiU inK'd l-i ri.-c!: a lorl at 
 liuiii;- j,t(ii, !l-r iIm; K'rnrilv oi'ihc coMi.rs ami (jlhcrr^, 
 trailiii'j: [>) .!ic iioi'law an! ; ami I ia]:ii'iiialcly applied 
 to I. .'J Diikr. iiitrca; iiiL' liiiii to -ji-ak to the kiiiLi; lluit 
 I iiiiu'i't iiaxc tlic coiiitii;!!!!! ol tlic iiiU'iulcil j)larc; 
 who ai'cortiinulv did : but .\!ii!-l tin' tliiiiLj was in a-j;i- 
 taliuii, lii-^ hitiiaa -- re t"ii .-((! to laki'llic oaths Icndrred 
 to him a- lord iii^h admiral, ihcnhy dtrlaiim: liim<(dt' 
 a I'omaii caliiohc, and r( -I'^iiimj; all in- employments, 
 so that iiotlmvj, moic wa- done in mv hu-inf;>s lor 
 tliat U:ur, 
 
 And iioA til' km^ iiavmj; hori'ow cd mo-t of the 
 I'cid'.' monf V m tiie ii.ition. nt' the Lli/.iUmilhs. (at ihaL 
 Imie called hani^cr-, ) li;c!.rd iij) t!ie (Aclifuner, to the 
 (..raki i.'ptcv (Ji tiic iho-t r(;n'~idt'ral)l(' (-1 tlaan, and the 
 luin ijl an inlnmc people, w ho-c monm- lia'v had hia'- 
 ncMd it mt(;('-t : and wilh tin- calan.ilv w i ( on- 
 chnh' lli:^ y ar. 
 
 ( )n the l.>tii of An'_^ii-l, lo7,], mv n.i^iihoiir Su" 
 IhomaT ()d)cjine ro-c to tii(_: urrat o!iii\- ol iiii^h trea- 
 -nrci- ot Lii_!and, mv Loiai (lifl ad r .-!_^nin^ h:-' 
 -I.itt. -and coni- - iii'j; imn- c! f a papi -t. i he 1 );: l.f i a 
 ilii'ds. ;)'.:h;!m \'.a- chii fr/ m-t rmnciilal :a l>i:;v:mL: tw-. 
 aiuai'. \ri\- Sir I !i(,a.a^, h'. a ItaiL'am :: m.idr 1m '/.lan 
 \ .n\\\ ( 'hflo; d and :nm, lamu !v, l!,al ^ir d'!."a; ;- -iamld 
 ottnaati aiiil^ive him ti ill Tiir ^aiiiv. :; d , f"t ;a\ ard- 
 n I ^ailinu on ' he kini: !' ' ' 'u!''! ' :.( -'.;'' ^ ' "^.r 1 'lom:*-
 
 17f3 MEMOIRS 01' 
 
 then created Lord Viscount Dunblaiii, thoiigb after- 
 wards Earl of ])ani)y, and had a patent j)ass!ng for 
 marquis just as he fell into disgrace. 
 
 The war uiih the Dutch still continued, Prince Ru- 
 pert being adnii'al for us, and tlie Count d"J\,stres for 
 the Frencli. 'J\vo victories we now oi)tained over 
 them, but they were lessened by the lobS of tliat great 
 seaman Sir Edward Spraig. 
 
 The parliatiient of these days, had from the begin- 
 ning, which was soon after the restoration, been per- 
 fectly well inclined to the king : they had given him a 
 very great revenue upon tonnage and poundage, as 
 also by an excise upon sevcrals sorts of liquors, hearth- 
 money, not to mention temi)orary taxes, the whole 
 amounting to above three tii.nes more than had been 
 enjoyed by any King of Juigland before. The coun- 
 try groaned under this pressure, and began to be dis- 
 satisfied ; which having an influence on some gentle- 
 men of both houses, gave birth to two parties, the one 
 for the coimtry, the other for the court. Tiie former 
 pretended in an impartial manner to espouse the cause 
 of the people, in their libeities and properties, and 
 whatev('r is dear to I'nglishmen ; to assert the religion 
 and government by law established : the latter pvv- 
 tcnded to tiie same, but thought the kinii; was to have 
 a competent income, and be invested with due power 
 for the exercise of his regal ofiice, without havinsj; too 
 great a dcpendance on the people, a cause which had 
 been of s ch pernicious efi'ecls to his roval father. 
 IJence it ^\as that gentlemen bestirred themselves 
 11101 e than u:-ua! to be elected intcj a seat in parlia- 
 meiu ; so that gi'cat was'the coiii()etition betueen the 
 caiuiidates, and at great cxpenccs ihcy were, even
 
 >ii; .i()iiN k(:ki>i;\ 
 
 ir: 
 
 tioinonf orlwo liuiitlicil, to t\\() thousand i-o-.iMds. 
 iJiit tilt' coiu'c ins vl llic public were uol wli.il al<.'iiC 
 acliiatcc! all men ; mmijc wanted lo be ni itic hoiiM- lo 
 be scieencti iVoni their del>l>^, tlir.> pa; lanieiil iiaviii^ 
 >al a Itjnti; while ; and some iiad obliuned threat emo- 
 liiment.s tVom the court to <taiid up lor that niterc-t ; 
 ^(j that It is no wonder I hail no le>.s than live compe- 
 titors uhen I otleied mvsell" tor Audborouuh. And 
 not lo (hop this m.itU'r here, I must observe that Mi'. 
 lit nson was the mo>t tbrmidiible of the live ; a man oi 
 no biiiii, but \\lio iVoin a clei k to a eounti'v atlorncv, 
 had rai>ed himseit to be clerk of the peace at the Old 
 Ikiiley, cleik of assizes of the northern circuit, as al^o 
 to an estate of two thousand five hundred jjounds, 
 ilKnmh not without some retlections on his way of izct- 
 liu'i it. The election was irretiularv carried on m 
 lavour of thi> gentleman, and m Jannarv, \C)7-^, I 
 fno'.oil t'iie hon-e todctenmne the merit ol' the return ; 
 i)iil l;etoie tht: heaiini;came on, a prorogation inter- 
 venid, so that I lud the (barge oi bringing up wit- 
 n(,'>-e3, to no manner ol [)urpo>e. 
 
 'I'owaiiU tlie latter end of tiiis year the duke de- 
 clared liii marriage with Mary, daughter to ttie Duke 
 ot' M(Alena, not lone before arrived with ihediuhcss, 
 l.cr mother. iiie nation was much grieved at tins 
 maU'h, tiie lady btiiiga papist of the siricte-l class, 
 anil iht w Hole atiair m in.iged bv the I'rencii intcre.-t. 
 
 In January, I??}-, the Duke of lUickmgham wa- 
 a^ain in di>grai:e, lor which he was iiiiicbled lo tin: 
 1 )ii(:,t-.-b of Porlsmouth, a 1V( luli hnU, and now the 
 iiioi absolute of all the kind's mistre>-<es ; a veiv line 
 Noiuan she wa>, luil mo.-t think siie wa> sent on pur- 
 (" t(j en-iiarc I he kiiMj, who nio-t itadily ran intL- 
 
 \'
 
 178 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 toils of that sort. His hi'cK:c in vain made use of the 
 mediation of the lord treasurer : and to say the truth, 
 his lordship was not altogether so zealous for liis 
 "race as he ou<j,lit to have heen, especia'lv if we con- 
 sider that it was to hiui he oweil tiie white staff he 
 bore. In short, the duke was not the only person 
 that accused him of ingratitude. 
 
 The king was at this time particularly displeased 
 with his grace, for that being summoned by the house 
 of commons to give an account of some malversations 
 when he was minister he did noi only appear, being 
 a peer, and that without tl.c king's leave, but to ex- 
 cuse himself rellcvited on others, and upon the whole, 
 behaved in tiiat assembly in too mean and submissive 
 aniannor; which however vvas of no avail to him 
 against itiC commons, who addiessed t'ne king to lay 
 him aside with regard to all oiilces of trust or profit. 
 iiis gr;;ce was a!-o called to the bar of the iiouse of 
 p-cers, for scandalously living vvicij th.e Lady Shrewsbury 
 as man and wife, he being a married man, and for 
 leaving killed ir.y Lord Shrewsbury after he had de- 
 bauched his wife. 
 
 'i'iic king prorogued the parliament to the 13th of 
 Api-ii, I77.J. 
 
 The ilai;: of the meeting of t)ar;!ament now drauing 
 (.'!!, I re[i:iire'J to London, r.iid petitioned tiie coimnit- 
 ice of piT. ile'!;cs and elections; and aiicr all endea- 
 vours to tliC contrary, I was voted ir.o sitting member, 
 and ronthicled mio t'le !;ou-e l;v Lord l{u':--..eil ai:d 
 Lord Clavt'Uiiish. 
 
 Leing tims iecei\ed itito the h(;:i;;e, I inund :!ie two 
 parties in great exlrenieo against jiich olhir. 'i he 
 'ourt side was very pi-c^sing and urgent for money lur
 
 s!:: JOHN KLKi:^:,^. 
 
 i7j 
 
 the kiii'^'s |>ri'~,'ni occa-'Mj;)^ ; li.'" Ci'Mnti'v pirtv 
 t..(>:i;.;:'- ol Dul.jwz \i--. c'\i\';.t -;);:. c l;i".- wtii en- 
 act' 'I \uv ;.;c hcl'ar '^cuiit\ .-!' tlic [m oic- Uir.l a\ _:;uii, 
 iuid liio L^iM'ul pi'i It o\ jJiMj Ci'tv. iJtit. la: !'\u wdc 
 
 li;;''' :ii;>i [-..c ' .i::.\' 111" '. .a ';-:i piir. l.i liic 
 !iim!- ' '/;' nil-. ()ii : iv- I .':;.: (m A! i . i )i,'-toi- >;ii: !l\" prc- 
 IM - ;i |i I:' :, i (.1 !!: ' :; m-- ni' ! -. .!- :ij i:m-1 S:. .mi,:ii 
 1 -li. a 111 im;! . ' i\ I'll' !i).\i ! ;i )!:-', lo . p. a', aiul a:i- 
 >'\M.n a i.i'v '.[ !iil '::()a/-':t h.ti'i,' \\\>: loril-. a:iti a 
 :iiiuai .11^ \\i-, ,:)[ to .'^a juii'i acci.. Li.'i^lv ; \'.!ac!i tlu; 
 ((jaiaii)ii^ c(jii-iiU'riii^ a>aiMru-li cji pi iv:!il.'>,', uiat. 
 licat^ ai()-c a ia;!ij; l;ni!. and hij; i f\pic>-i'i:is hi'iiij;, 
 iipuii liii- ()L'Ca-..)[i, uiutuallv viailcd a'_;ain-;l each 
 olhci" hvhoth h^iii-e-. th." kii:^ lii'Mi^ht ill tu aili(jiini 
 tiii'ir liini' of >iUi;',lI l'tr ti;e [Tv - iit. 
 
 1 ;; \- II') -ooiirr ^,it a'^ii:i 1:! <).-l(*!)cr. than mv coiu- 
 ptiito:-, lien- oil, ami aiiuliier. Mr. Luii_', pciili>,MRil 
 auaiii-l ine. 1 la v w' uld !ia\>" :.ad a >horl d iv, huL 
 iL \sa.^ my hii-a: -.- lo lIl L a- Iw;;.: a (/lie a^ I could, 
 and I acco.diii_is i\A .-o. In ,-!iO;t, the Imi-iiic-^ of 
 tl,', !i );:-( ".a- of siiei) conse(j;:L iice, that t!io proro- 
 'j^alioii ea:i e on hcfoic (;!ir ea'i-r coidd he heard. 1 
 t(.o'-. a pailicalai' aceoioil of '.\hal wa-- iraii-acud ihi- 
 "' iwii, tiic iii'j-! rxiraordinarv p t'/'.ieuhii < oi' winch 
 . :< <niniiiarilv tlie>e. 
 
 1 lif kill.'; ii.id in h!> pfci'M a^'onanilcd n-, \\.\i h' 
 '.>! !o!ir iinhion- m d \'t, t;\(.;a~iw of \\i,it i.i. ii'.'.ed 
 lo iL .M>I l-nillh-^ or hail '. 1 . a \a-t -inii inoif, loi 
 ^'.hi'h hi pod li' :'.::( i' pii.aoi.i! ;, a' iii'LTi-t, lo lliO 
 lion oi ni i;,'.' faniih'. :<. I' oi .: ij; n ; on l..; -. p'lt lo Inc 
 '"I'.'. c'ii . n: i;'( , ;:aoihi i"- l'V' , , ,1 it v>:\^ 
 
 N \\
 
 J so MEMOniSOF 
 
 carried in the ncgalivc by lour voices, aiul that, when 
 near four hundred members were in the house. Bat 
 it appeared that both die Dutch and French exceeded 
 us in the proportion and number of their shipping, a 
 sum of three thousand pounds was voted to the i\ing 
 for the buikling of twenty ships, namely, one of the 
 ilrst rate, five of the second, and fourteen of the 
 third. 
 
 Several ways were debated for the raising of this 
 sum, as upon land, upon the Jews, by way of poll, 
 or upon French commodities, and lastly, upon our 
 own consumption, and upon merchandise. At length 
 it was to be levied uj)on land, and paid in eighteen 
 months ; to be lodged apart in tlie excliequer, and 
 appropriated to that particular use, with very severe 
 penalties upon the oflicers that should apply it to 
 any other: but the sum itself, the time it was to 
 be raised in, and other circumstances, were by no 
 means grateful to the court. It was farther voted 
 that the customs having been formerly given to the 
 king for tlie maintenance of the fleet, a clause to 
 that effect and purnose should be inserted in this 
 bill, or a new one prepared to confirm it. 
 
 'J'he state of the fleet was now given in, whcrebv 
 it appeared that we had no moie than eight first 
 rates, nine second rates, and forty-tliree third rates; 
 wiiile the French exceeded us in the number of 
 these rates l)y six and twenty, and the Dutch by 
 fourteen. 
 
 It was, moreover, voted that the atheism, debauch- 
 ery, and impiety of the present age he inserted, as 
 iirievanc'js in be redressed : and it being violently 
 .inspected that sonu; members of that house did
 
 slli JOHN Kl.llESBV 
 
 ISl 
 
 receive uti^tuitits tVoiu liie cuuil to vote on llmL ^kIc, 
 It \\:i-> put that a coiiiinillee slioiikl l>e a[)poiiit(:d to 
 loiiu a kind ot'oatli or tcM, to discover what sums ol' 
 inoncv and otlices had been given to pai liainent men to 
 gain tlieir intei"e>t. 
 
 The IVcnch trade aUo \va-> eoiiiphiined ot", as being 
 thirteen hninhed ihou'-and pounds an overbalance tor 
 <;iirs; and upon itiO maiter it appearcti, that every thou- 
 Mind pounds u-vcar hail >ince the Re>loration paid a 
 hundred p-mnd- in l.ixe'? to the cro\\ n. 
 
 It '.'.as aUo vuud a Lirievanee, that justices of the 
 peace slioutd be suuinioned to a[)pevir bclorc thn coiin- 
 cil. t') acM'O'nit tor s\h,it they did m their judicial ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 In Xove!i)b(M\ the husinc-s of Luzance took up some 
 tiuH' in t!;c iioa-e. Thi^ I,u.:.ince was a French Jesuit. 
 |ji:t h'i.Dniui,: ;i cuii'.crt to tiie churcii ot" Kni^land, in- 
 veiilii^'d .!^aii;-l tiic laiiacic^ ol' the ciiurch ot" Rome, in 
 u .-' lui'jii he [Mcaciied in a I'lenrh ciuirch m the Sav(jv. 
 This al.irmcd ilic papi-i-, ami paiticul irh.' one Ductoi" 
 llurnet, a jc-iiu, airl confer.-. )r to tiie Duche.-i ot' 
 \ ork, w h ) tindin:; him alone in his chamber, and [)osi- 
 m^ Itnec men at the door, liireatened to murder hini it' 
 h( did iiwt Uiake sati-t'actKui tor the injiirv, (at his 
 woid-.-, and speediiv retirn lo France. Flic man m this 
 de>pcral(' diU inma promi.-cd t.iii iilull v w hat ever was re- 
 ij'iirid ot' him, till lie \n>l i,i- liljertv, uhen presentlv 
 Ljom^ to l)octor I'leval. a cdiuei led jc-uiL as well a-^ 
 'iiim>-Llt, he told lum the wiiolc -toiv ; Brcval the next 
 day acipiamle d me u iln it, ;.;id I coinmunicated it to the 
 noti-e. 1 he commo:is took tire at this, and '^traiLrht 
 appoii,tcd a ("ommitlcc to ( xainmc into ttie malti'r, and 
 orderrd me to protliice I.u/ance liiC lu'xt da\, llcap
 
 is: 
 
 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 Upon the re(>ort iiniu 
 hou'^e, my Lord Ca\cn'.'; 
 count oi" serine othrr {\\i[]- 
 
 peared accordingly, and averred the tl.ih^ UjV a truth. 
 This w'ds the hr^^t time I prcs;ji!,cd to npcak m that 
 c^reat assembly, or in a;)y committee ; (rat tnc next <hiy 
 i V.U3 obliged to do it several times iii u lial: con'^erned 
 this viv)lcnt i^esiness. 
 
 irom the commiitee to the 
 ; called n:e to ii;ive an ae- 
 I had i'ad froni Liizunce. 
 One \^a^, that two I'Vcnch proLeslaiii?, '^eiie^ merchants 
 of great sub;^tance and erecii:, liad been ihi-eutencd by 
 certain pajiisis, lliat il' ti^ey were n(;t less ;:evere upon 
 the ronianisls, they should ere long see the pM^oleslant 
 blood flow in London slicet;, A eoninjitiec uas ap- 
 pointed to ( n(pjire into the truth of tills matter; and 
 Luzance bein-g siinnnoned, gave cvidciice to the very 
 selfsame eficct, and ^ave il under his own hand. The 
 parties he had his information iVom beir.g sent lor, ap- 
 pcai'cd al;o, and declared sucli tiireais to iiave been 
 n>;ed towards them by some r rench papists ; bii*:, to 
 what cause it is owing is uncertain, they gave in onlv 
 such names as were of persons eilher absent, or of no 
 cstimalion ; so tliat iiuie came of this business. But 
 these an.d other such iniornuilions, coiicernii]!]; the 
 heivht and in-olence of tne paj)isis, did so cxas[)erate 
 tiie hou.^e, tliat m:mv moliuns were made to huM.ble 
 ti^eu). HoUiC weie ihi' a sjR'edy couimemenl of them 
 to the eoiinh'y, (;lhers for hanis!imv.iit, and son:e agahi 
 to!' drainuiii: thcii;; and liic ilLc. 
 
 In a si'orl ii,;,j ai'ier, the matter ol' I;octor Siiiilcy's 
 j;et!t:on to the [o\d:> egamst Sir J(;hn l''a;i, was again 
 renewed ihough i*; -iad brcike up ihe pai liaiiit^ait the 
 laot time. 'i'li',e wf.rc^ thote w iio thoviglit ilie king had 
 coii:^ente(l to A, di'Tking the warm pr(;eec'.;ings of
 
 !:: !<;1JN iJK'ILS!,^ 
 
 !>; ' i.i' l:;c oo'liilis' i;il:'iX-t li;d in! -iia 't li I'.u '''xlor 
 I i':,!i, Willi ;i \ii, A l.i"!' liV [n klll'lh' -lU'ii a i'a'l'f 
 its. tV\ (H'll ill" two llMll- -. ! 'lU! t lie !jni >iujlll'l l)L' OOllLLt'll 
 
 Cilia I' lt( j)!'! .; I ':_;' ic, ad ;< null, or (h-^olvc' lliciii : tiic ^.i id 
 loi'd-^ a.j'jM L-iii. i:di:''j; !;m! i/' t!ii.- p ii luiiiica -ii.nild >i;, 
 itiiu-:i ioi'.'^-r. t:ic :ii,;;')!ilv nii-inl !h' ^uiu'd ovcv \>y 
 m.)::^ . iiiid [.l-.n'c-, si a- lo li'.Tome (|iiiic ul)-t:i]Mu>iis 
 to I::.' civiM t ; and t'.:- iiiv I'-i'd ilali'ix tluii in 
 lia: l'..'.!>-l vi l.n;d >,iai: -laii V, i;i~ uiiri''. w iio was 
 iijiMii l.i ((Tiii^ 'All.) UiL' (',;r.'t. I)( iiiu' no Ion'.;."! ii)!d 
 cii .net dur I i<iid nu' w a^ In-' cj-nnoii. 
 
 ilnl w iia!(-. rr tho can-c wa-. tn-.' cue! wa- -ncii 'JiaL 
 llu' I. o'innijn- rt I'li^in / to let In-ar incini /!.- \)\i-A:\ a I liic 
 t'lir u! iia' l(a(h durp.i'i a liiH'.; of [)!'ivil;''_:(\ ii w a- rc- 
 -'Mvi'd iliii ilic lurd-, i)v rcc< isiiia an a'tpeal troiii aiiv 
 ('ant, t iiiiLM' ot la\, or r:|!iit\', au;ain--l ,i uuMiincr 
 o! til' i'l'.'.ri' ill) i-r, diwinj a -i'--iw;i of i)arliaaiciit, 
 "til' t:.,ru)\' mliin^ia oi' li,i' pi i\ lieges ol' liK^ 
 conun'/ii- ol I'.n'^iaiil; an i tii.L --ncli l,!\s\rr- a-^ 
 ^.lon'.d aticnd a- cnni;-'. to [il>ad i' ail', .-urn cau-c 
 at I.:'- I )!il- Irtr, ^l.w!iid lii' dciiiicd ;is Ixjtravcr- ol 
 111' 1 i^nt- ul tlic Com ! u\\- 111' !ai^!.iii i ; and t a'.t lii-j 
 ^lod \(y';' !); attivrd to til!' door ol' till- lion-c oi coni- 
 inon-. W c-iniin-lcr-liad. and lii- inn-' ot" con! t ; \\ iiicli 
 wa- a co!i; ni j,lv don" : An I in" -,uiii' d iv it wa^ \otcd 
 : 'V (.'.t- l(ji d-, I nal I Im -aai" w a - i ncL^.d and nnpa'liann n- 
 lai',, and Icnu; d lo ti.c d,--oi.:lion (jl liic ip )\ ciiraicnl : 
 '.id npon ti,( w.ioic, ini' I,:' ; woind ii'^l rcci',:( no n 
 liair r.'L'nt. o! iiidicalni;: hv anneals lioni tncc()nil> eil 
 
 L.ji.ity 
 
 a- in* 11 [Mil lo inc i| l"-tM)n. li tne Inn;; -ni'nal 
 ! Ml!(;n(.d to di- o'vn tin- iMiiianicnt. and il
 
 184 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 was carried in the negative by no more than two 
 votes. 
 
 This misunderstanding between the houses was very 
 dissatisfactory to the king. The lords wiio had voted 
 for the dissolution of this parliament, entered tlieir 
 protest in the journal of their house, together witi) 
 their reasons for so doing ; so that things being at this 
 pass, the only expedient left, was to dismiss the par- 
 liament, which the king did, by prorogation, to ilie 
 10th of February next. 
 
 Before I left London, I, at the interposition of my 
 Lord Ogle, went with his lordship to see the Duke of 
 Buckingham, being well assured thai I should be 
 kindly received. 
 
 I had a fine black of about sixteen years of age, 
 presented to me by a gentleman who brought him over 
 from Barbadoes: 'jliis black lived with me some years, 
 and died on thciOth of October, Ib/b, of an impost- 
 hume in his head. Six weeks after he was buried, I 
 leceived an account, that at London it was credibly 
 leported I had caused him to be gcil, and that the 
 operation had killed him. I laughed at it at fnst' 
 conscious it was a ial::-ehood, and a ridiculous story, 
 till being further iniormed that it came from the Duke 
 of Norfolk and his family, wiih whom I had some dil- 
 ferences at law, and that he had waited upon the king 
 to beg my estate, if it became a foifciture by this fe- 
 lony; I thougljtit convenient to send for tlie coroner 
 to view the body witli a jury, before it was too far de- 
 cayed, that a lotlenness of the part might not be im- 
 I uted to incision. The coroner accordingly summoned 
 a Jury, and does iiis office ; but wiien they came to 
 uncover the breast, it was so putrified ihcy would go no
 
 sill JOHN ia:i{Fsin 
 
 ii5 
 
 iiuriicr; -o that upon tlif,' cxainiiialion of cicvei wit- 
 iif--t's. some- *iiat laid tiiin out, aiul -{jino ihal saw 
 hiiu naki'd, >t'vriul, bcciu-c ot" iiii coioiir, liaviui^ u cu- 
 lio-it-, in M'C t.i.ii allti' lic was dead, llicv uave liit ir 
 \i- i:cl. liial lie ciit-'d Ki vi^ttu! tunc Dti, I'V the hand 
 i^t'd d. 
 
 Jliis. hvjv\t\er, v%a- not ihuiijhl =:jt]ic-ici;t ; for within 
 a }c.\ (!;i".s atici, ihcif caaic "tic l*;i'iht. a lau ver. 
 (JM' C'liai'Mt,;!, ail iiUonu'v, (Ijoin coiuTfiicd in tiic 
 du.'^i '.s ati.iii.^,') and uiu; HjcIx, a i-iii'LiCon, ot' S:u tli-.-id, 
 'Ai,,.;ii 1 c.iM^rd [o he [)i'(}-C(:i tc d luH lon^ btloie tor 
 ha\iu^ J^v o \\ivc.->, tuucthci" with >unic uli.crs, witli luv 
 l(jrd cIikJ' jubtice"^ \\ari"ant. dnccicd to tii? coroner to 
 lake up [\iP body ; which the coroner reiu>ed to obey, 
 ^avuiLl. he liad done Ins ofiice alread'.'. 1 hese anibas- 
 "adoi^, hi)nev'.'r, lotdv up the btniv, and Huck, under 
 [iielencc ot \ie'.'in;_j liie part tlie l)etlei', would have 
 taken iL n[) vvith a pin-knitr, l)nl it was noi sntVied, 
 ie^t hv tnat ni>: riinient he .should l[ivc liie womul lie 
 ^cHii^iit tor: lUil what was net only a niercv, hut a 
 inna> le al-o, tne pari pmved to he [lert'eetly -onnd 
 and critire, tiion>ih liie body iiad been >o lon^ under 
 gionnd. and the ri.,-t ot'il wa-- innth putiiiied and de- 
 caved ; -o that siiame ot idcc anil eontu->ion came pretty 
 pknlitullv upon the actoi's ni iln> extraoidmary sceiu'. 
 
 .\ black ami najst iidicnUniS [dcce oi niahce thii; 
 i'or i;ad Iticn' su'jL,estion been prnt'd a tact, all tluir 
 i^rt could never liave -o h\ci! it, as loiiau" eiidan^ered 
 eitlar niv perxin tJi" e>tate. jlv Und chief |n-iicc 
 Kam-^lord aeicd iirti^ulailv ami ilb^allv ni thi^ bii.-^i- 
 ne--s, hl^ iiu'oriuution e.ot l)euij; -ivtu in to Imn upon 
 oath. And nuh ed, iic att<a"ward- ecjntV^.-ril m \rai 
 ;M!sled into it, and that liic dnke'b .-(Jii-ati r v a- ino>l
 
 186 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 pressing and urgent vviih hiii], to grant the warrant. 
 The Duke of York told rny brother, he u ondereci such 
 a stir was made about a report which must ccrlainly 
 be a flat falsehold : And Lord Ogle ac(jiuiin;cd mc, as 
 (h'd alsi) my lord treasurer [limseiraficrward-i, ihitU he, 
 meaning the Ircasuier, had taken ineat paiiss io pre- 
 vent tlie beggiiig of my estate; and I beiicveu it to bo 
 true, but shrewdly doubt it wa.; u it;] (!esi-i;;i, had it 
 proved a forfeiture, to have sc-:cure 1 it to him,-,cif; I 
 uas told as mncii afterwards, i endeavoured how- 
 ever to reach the boliom of this plut, and to procure 
 myself sonie reparation, as may be oboCrved hercafier. 
 Having kept my Christmas in the country, 1 no 
 sooner returned to London in the Fel^raary following, 
 than my lord treasurer serit to .'peak with me. I 
 waited on him theretbre, ar.d found iiun very open in 
 liis discourse upon several subjects, but for the most 
 part lamenting that his counlry'non v.ouid not allow 
 him an 0})portunity to be of service to them vvitii the 
 king, arid making namy protestations that the jea- 
 lousies of those who cailed themselves of tlie country 
 party, were entirely groundless and without founda- 
 tion : tliat to his certain knowledge, the kitig meant 
 no otiier liian to preserve the religion and govcrnmerU 
 by law established ; aaid, ujion the whole, wished that 
 neither himself or his prosterity mighi; j)i'ospcr, if he 
 diri not sjicak wiuit he really believed : ihcJl if the go- 
 vernment was in any danger, it uas most from those 
 who pretended such a nn^liiv yv.Vil for it; but who un- 
 der that ])retence utae eudeavouring to ci eate .-^ucli 
 discontcr.ls beLweeii the king and the laition, as niiglit 
 produce coni'usion in the and ; and mtreated me to 
 b(> careful hovr I emk'rirked mv^elf with tiiat s(jrt oi'
 
 siu joiiN ur.rj:si;v 
 
 187 
 
 j)(V)j)li'. M , rc'plv w '.i-, tfiii I !)') K-.i I .'.MS iiol o'le 
 [() \k' \\;il ill', i!ii-!( d ; li!;'.t 1 !-:iiiui'.l ii.ivr ;i') rule lo 
 L'o tiv ill liKit 'i.uiM' i) ,1 !ir; rca-oii a:iil ';o!ir<"i('nc!*, 
 ami til u -1) I (-(y'litl t).' '>r :if) ;- .iliculi'.r l.u'tioii (ji' jjartv : 
 lli.lL a- IllMCil a- 1 V, t li!l'! i-'');)l o\ \\n: (lulv ol" u 
 i;ii-;iL)(r '>i' tiic !i')i:-( ot' (.<;.!''ii()ii- at tiii- lim'\ >ii^- 
 m'-lf i In '.;:(' a :r. !,; i.i'c.i i)ct\\('ru liic [wo v\[vciuv<, 
 a;ul l> !:;ivc an ('jnal rfif.iid I'jr t :;c jireroiali'/r ot the 
 !-i:ij iiii! !::. i;;. i i" ol' ihc -\'.'cct. 
 
 'i ! :;r i; 1-, nil III'., il.it I'lf ti I'l-ii! or ii-t ,! sucli -o- 
 Jiijiu i!---i'\ I ;-,tt iui,>, \\it;i ir^.rl to id'j ki'ii^"- L.'oo(i 
 l.;!r:i;io:i, ;i;;>| jrcl'.\ th'ailv coMVilu'fJ ii!t tiiat mjiiic 
 (i! til' ( liir s oi' the co'inli . I'a.ty iiail :,i;)-t at heart 
 tii. Iro'.Mi pri\.:!c' int(.i'c>t, whatever ihev listened in 
 Kivo',1!' :ii!(! (lilt i.ee ol' the jMihhe, I had ^Llii al iiutujiis 
 ot II.'' iiinii \.:\<\ ;:'!Cciilv ol' l!ie eo'Mlry party. 
 
 'I'iif ] ,:i haiiit'ut liaelii;^ on the l.Uh ot' i-'ei)riiary, 
 the ImMl: [Mi; ici: hii I V de->ii'i il a cou-kk I'ahhe Mini t'or 
 liie i'WiUhn^ and ri_jiii>j: of -h:j)-. '1 iic e()'.intr\ (hd 
 t\er'.' thii:':^; pi -ii)h ',o -UnL t.ie -^nai to lour hunilrcd 
 ' l;o'i-::ui po;;nd,'-; wii'.ic tiie eoiirti-'r-- were tor ii niil- 
 l.o!). c. i.i_::t hiiiuhed t;u)ii-.end )i()unds at the uast; 
 i.::l ih'- mo !( rate nu e. -^lepL m hi(\\ee;i w.tii im oiler 
 ot .-i\ h'andr; d luoii-anil [loun h-. w iin'h Miin ^\ a- '^raiit- 
 (i\. and lor thi- I ua\e :i,'; \i)!c, ;i ';:!ii iii'tndcd lor 
 ! .e ii'.nhhr.ii 'ot' ihiitv n.' .: ot' v-.iV i-t' .-e\(iMi ,,i!e-^. 
 
 Mv i ifd I I l;.|-Mi .[ ti: IK IL s.) k 1 [ H h V liiat i Mlll'd liol 
 
 x'.:lii t!,(;~e, wiio (ill! :'d.l [:.'\' t'onld to wtaktii and di^- 
 !re-.- 'Oil- erown, ta/.t h:' would need- earrv ni<' to ki-.'^ 
 ^1- 111 . : -I ', - l.iiid. '.'. iiU'.: I tr.id uo! 'cI tloiir .-ir.i'c [ 
 came to town; an! [)i'i'h'uI' I na" in t!:c hiiiH'. I'l liie 
 hon.-i; ol hird-^, la \l to l!;r pr.iicc.- hidiiiiiL-. nohody 
 K'ln- iire.-e'iil tiul u'.- maie-Iv, h;.-- h.id-oip. .lud in\-eu'.
 
 188 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 He said much more of me to the king than I deserved, 
 but lastly, that as my family had been ahvays loyal, he 
 knew I was perfectly inclined to tread in ihcir foot- 
 steps ; and that the best way to confirm me in such 
 my disposition, would be to let me understand how 
 little of truth there was in the pretences set on foot 
 to deceive gentlemen, and withdraw tljem from their 
 duty. *' The king said he had known me long, and 
 " hoped I knew him so well as to give no ear to such 
 " reports of him. I know, says he, it is said I aim at 
 '' the subversion of the government and religion: that 
 '' I intend to lay aside parliaments, and to raise-mo- 
 " ney another way; but every man, nay those who 
 *' insist the most thereon, knows the thing in all its 
 " circumstances, to be fahe. 'Jliere is not a subject 
 " that lives under me, whose safety and welfare I de- 
 " sire less than my own: and I should be as sorry 
 " to invade his liberty and property, as that another 
 " should invade mine. Those members, continued 
 " the king, who boast this mighty friendship for the 
 " public, are of two sorts, either those who would 
 '" actually and irretrievably subvert the government, 
 ' and reduce it to a comujonwcalth once more ; or 
 " else those who seem only to join with the former, 
 " and talk loud against the court, purely in ho[)es to 
 " have their months stopped with places or prefer- 
 ' mcnts." And to sav tlie truth, the treasurer had 
 named some of tliC ciiicl's to me, who had desired so 
 and sooftlie kii;^, and nnon sneli conditions promised 
 Lo co[nc over. 
 
 [made an-v.tjr lo ihc king, that indeed t!ie })re- 
 trnces were manv, and, lo -ome, I Ixlieved, phuisdjle, 
 t:;at were i^al^r-d [r, iipnoHtion \(> what olhoi's under-
 
 Hi JOHN ni.i;i,>in 
 
 i!*y 
 
 ~tij(Kl lo he tor lli^ iin'p'-lv's iiilcrc-t : ti.ii iluit they 
 had uuiiR-il ii'it lililc on lilt', who \nu\ had llic honuiir 
 of lifiii'^ sf) I iiiLl known to liis nKijc-tv. a'.ul had 
 ht'tii ^o hiU'ly ('(Mdiriiu'd m uiv h(.'hc't hy assu- 
 rances iVoni Miv hjid Irea^iner : ihat lo the be*L 
 of niv knir.v UmIl^c 1 hhouUI never i\o any thing 
 that heeanie not a true and faithful bubject, or 
 >liould he nifon>i-tenL with the pro-peritv of liii 
 nuiicst\"? rovai person and i^overiiuient. 'The kiii;^ 
 -aid he \\a> vervwcl! [tleased that he had >een me, 
 eoimnanded me to wait on him sometimes, and told mc 
 I sliould iiavc aeet'-s to him \vl;en and wiierever I 
 desired it. 
 
 'I'lic cr)nd(>-cen-ion of the kiti^, in giving this satis- 
 faeiion to so mean a person, convineed me vcrv uuieli 
 of thr truth ot what he saitl, as did also his natural 
 temper and cNMi-titution : tor he was not an active, 
 husv, or amhitiou^ prince, hut perlecdy a l"i ienti to 
 ea-c, and loud of pNa^-me ; he x'cnicd lo he eiiietlv 
 d( -u'ons (jf peace and rpu- t for ln> own timt'. 
 
 At iii;> timr a L^cat di-[)ule ari-riiw hitwi'cn the 
 \i)Y(\ mar-hal (;f I'm^land, I.oi'd lienrv II n ward, ( tiiougli 
 <'omni()nlv called l)uke ot Norfolk, and his vonn^er 
 hic'tiicr-, the\ not onlv petitioned tiie house ot c(;m- 
 mons in hrhulf of them^cdve'', hut al~o of their cldot 
 hiothci- the duke, vvIkjmi the said lord m;ir.-hal kejtt up 
 at Padua as a liuialic, thon^h [uattcllv in po.--e.^-ion 
 ot 111- -( !i-e-, pra-.i.i^ that the hou.-e nsoiiKI he plca.-cd 
 to mo\(; l!ie kniLi; to Cfhlii^e the mai-hal to ,-end fo: him 
 Mito {.ii'^iaiid. I [ion llu- a deh;ite aro-e in liic iioii^e, 
 everv ou<' deli\'ei lU'j; hi> mmd aecordiuL' to in- iKlai', 
 oi' prejinhcev ; till at li ii'_;th llu- ^rntlenu ii ; f tic iiun-c 
 ''.i:o ii<id heen at P.idu.J. w ei"e (K -ned !ii L:i\'e th( ii
 
 190 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 opinions as to the state and condition of the duke. 
 Upon this occasion I declared that at the time I saw 
 him, he laboin'ed under all the symptoms of lunacy and 
 distraction. This being carried to the lord marshal, 
 who was veiy conscious I was indebted to him for no 
 obligation, he sent a gentleman to mc the next day to 
 thank me for my generosity to a person who had not 
 seemed to have been so much nsy friend as he ought to 
 have been, and tc^'ichinji; obliquely on the alfair of the 
 blackamoor, he said i-e intended to wait on me to give 
 me some fartlier sati-facnon as to that. 
 
 My answer to this message was, tiiat I was surpri- 
 sed at the coiMpiiment iVor)i u gentl'; man to whom I 
 intendeil noiic, what I had taid having been with a due 
 re^rard to truth : that h.;\vever I was not sorrv I had 
 bappencil to oblige his lonb^hip by it ; and that since 
 he had drined all concer-i In tiie ini(pntous atlair of 
 mv dead servient. I wouln prevent liis lordship, and 
 wait on lii::i myself; as I did two or ihree days after- 
 wards, lie received me wdth all the civiiiiv and kind- 
 ness imL.:;ip,abie, and wished t'^at neither himself or 
 prosperity might prosper, if he was any way aiding or 
 a.-'-isting in the plot laid against me. 1 told his lord- 
 ship, that I could not but add faith to his words; but 
 that if lie was not, 1 vvas well assured his sirvanls 
 were ; and thetefore desired he would give nie leave to 
 use my best eudeavoin's to bud it out: with all his 
 heart he saiii he di i not only consent to it, but would 
 m('!eo\er assist me in the iiKiuirv ; and so, with al' 
 pH)ssi!)le dcuKuir.trations of friendship we })urted. 
 
 I very often vi.^ted and dined with mv lord ti'ca- 
 surfM", and otteu waited on the king, who, w hen he saw 
 me, would ask me how thiugs went forward; and par-
 
 ^l:i JOHN !!!:'n;s! 
 
 i<( 
 
 
 I SI ii (.r Marr''!, I < ;' : ! iMitil Imn :i 
 
 ; , i '\ili'i.L.''^> im' \ iji .. - I , li -1 'r.iiiiln-;- 
 
 '.11 i)iMMi li'a'i-,.'. l:\) 1 ill I.;;' Iioa-r (.f 
 
 ( I- (ajii, :;i !' 'Ii liMiH'-. ii,', lo'il i iiM-ni-cr iia\ 1114 -^o 
 onlricil it, that l!i; l/m:;^ j)a;i\ iiicrca.-fd r;Ul;(jr liiaii 
 I'M'olluia IhiI It wa.-, iii:',(;:i li;ar('(i Ilia! .-~(>!i;'a vajtt.i 
 v.trc uiiiai'i'il !ia):c 1)\' purriia-c l!i,;n ali^'CUoii ; aii'i 
 y. nil tl.is w ( clo^" r,) lis wwv. 
 
 <)a lac CUiiol' Maicii. in"*,', la' caiiiaioiis \(jl(al a 
 S(aa)iia aiiii.xss lo tiic laiii, llhil !.c woitl.l be jilcasctl 
 to cop.iraijt ailiaiitas I'o- tin' pu-'i'\atioa ot' I'iaiuh !"s iii 
 liic i-artl- (;I lac Kiiv: (it S[);',iii ; but willi t.'as I't'-tric- 
 lUMi. Ilia' ,.;- m:iii'>lv .^boahl lul be oblijied to rcUirii 
 aiiv au-wc;- t ) t:.a boii'-e. uj) >n t'le subjeet ol tlio said 
 adaia;-- ; ti.wiiuii ;t iuunl)(a' ^\ba)\\()aKi ba\(3 (iravNiiliiin 
 Jlit'j Iiuajiu (MlKMiric-. wo.iii: ;M\a b;ai !,iiii iHMi d tu (\c- 
 chirc ill- hit' iiioa^ I ,: laaii ; b , w aaai lie ina-L have 
 (at Ilea (b-obb:icd ta;' ailioa "A li-c (aic iiaiid, (a' t)ii tm,' 
 oiaai iia . ( d('iaa:(';i \.:a' \\;iii Iraata', b(i(/i. iu' \s a.> 
 laapaa (il to |iiai-i ,-ii'i' ll. 
 
 'il:r l\iaj: .aid "la' il^ikv biui !:^)tii (jt" t:.i 111 laiicli iii- 
 tfa'e>t(al tb(ai:-' ive-- 111 tbraliui' ol lav (di riioa, wiiuai 
 biaui^ to be ;! d oil tic I'Jla (1 Ajirii, la- iiaijc-^lv 
 'iava- o)(l(a's to bi- sta'vaiit- tliat wrc ol tia' hoi;.-( , lo 
 attend tbc coainat ti. la -iatl ;i .1 na,' watii la' ;r ba-' 
 '^; ;a .(."> \'daai 1 1 imw.i oa. i :i(' -aair (biv t .n; 1 )a I.', i 1 
 Al ' a laai ba caiiK d')-,\ 11 ! ( > <i!:' ": bi- Iruaid- to!'.- lor 
 lii'a iior did I ai I )n be ol ''j 1 a k toi .m t lo roi.ataa. aaii- 
 lit" v( a V (m: IK -1 !\ 111 la' be ird f. 
 
 I la' ,-aaic 1 1;' V bfai'a ^d' a' \\ ;' a I . ,.' b ) : 1 . i i aia la 
 'a ; 1 '' )a(ai a - ba' \\ : ..." - 1 . '.\ . 1 .. ' r, 1 tobi
 
 192 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 him that some of the discontented had resOlved to 
 hasten the money-bill as fast as might be, that so the 
 house might rise before Easter, and the public bills, 
 that were preparing, be left unpassed ; hoping tl;ereby 
 to incense the nation, and hring about a cause of com- 
 plaint against the king, as if he called tlie parliament 
 together for nothing but to get money from them. 
 His lordshij) answered, that tlie king, well aware of 
 the design, would prevent it by a message, that day to 
 be delivered to. the house by Mr. Secretary Coventry, 
 to this effect, that if ought remained undone, which 
 the house judged necessary to be done for the good of 
 the nation, the king would allow them a sufficient time 
 after Easter, and that when ihey were ready, his ma- 
 jesty would puss their bills; a message tiiut was ac- 
 cord i ngly del i vcrcd . 
 
 IVIy lord treasurer sent for me among others, de- 
 shing us to assist what we could, towards the reconci- 
 liation of a difterence likely to lake place between the 
 two houses, about framing tlie bill for the six hundred 
 thousand i)Ounds, to be given to the king, which might 
 endanger the loss of the same : for the commons had 
 made a clause therein, enjoining the officers of tlie ex- 
 chequer to give them an account of the disburse(nent 
 and distribution of the said sum ; while the lords had 
 asscrtctl they should be accountable to both Ikjuscs. 
 'J'his the commons would not suffer, alleging the lords 
 could ncilijcr utld lo nor lake away from a money-bill ; 
 for that as it wa^!. peculiar to tliem only to give money, 
 it was to them only that account was to be given how 
 it was applied. '1 lie lords to this replied, that to deny 
 them the [)ov.er of calling the odicci's of the exchecjuer 
 to a reckoning, v,as to abridge them of the privilege of
 
 >ii: JOHN i;i.Ri>i'.\. 
 
 i')', 
 
 |M(iic;iUire t!icv nmloiiliicdlv hitd n.i liic -ii"i-( :iic 
 coiiit; and liv ", I'.' dl [ir, (.-(.'d' ik oli-civ.d. l:,;i wiicn 
 the com (-111 !)ii -U'j iiiuii: V tor !;: iii-!i.!nd.i;;_; o! liic 
 aniiv, ail arc^iMiil ol liic-a.mc \\a-> c^d.^iad U* !' 1 ii I 
 iii-'I'MC tlh ir iio'i-c a-- well a- t!iC ollin'. 'I'iicv ijotii 
 adii( i-c'd tc:!anoi; 1 ; to t!.,:i [mmiU, (ill t.'ir kiii:^ at 
 lcii_'!:i [ut'w.ii'd \'. Ill] t.ic !(iid- t) era:-!" llicir chui-i; ; 
 aial -o liif coaiMioii- i^nt. liic hctlcr ol" li,c dav. 
 
 It wa-noi 1o:m h> loic tin-, ;!iat tiic kinij; of I'l-ancc. 
 iia\iiiLi (jl>ta:.ud a \!-tui'\' o'.ia' the I'li.a-c ul" ()ran'j(', 
 did 111 in- la till II I)-. Calais ^iud o\ a r I'lc Oiikc ut' 
 C ro(|iiy, and tiu' A. riiin.-iiiop ol ItlHin:-, to pavacajtu- 
 [liiniLMil to oni" kma, \\i\o rcinrncd it hv niv Lord Saii- 
 (Jci'Jaiid. Till- ii^dxr jn-t cau.-c to liiink llicac would Ikj 
 IK) \sar i)Lt\\ccn tlic l\\ () kiiii;.-, coiitrarv to wiiat tlu; 
 p.uliauient iuid .-o cai'nc-tl\' adsi-caL I -aw a copv ot' 
 tiiC U'lt;- tijr-!j aiiil)a --ad 11- biam^lit witli l!;ein ; hv- 
 Liiiiini)^ witM tin- -ti!r oi' i;i!o, '//( v liaul, ti'c-^ crcc/- 
 i.^iit S: (i\.s j.i'is^; III p! ii;c-, (/'c- c/'icr trc\ <!.//:,' Ix,/; 
 / /'t re (iiu-^i/i \ (ihic: Aii'! in l;nta our laa_;'- ncn- 
 iiauitN' di.-cavcd aii In;- li'oai 1 ,!:'ia', and aaicli uioic. 
 
 No! !oi: j; alU i\ ou I lie 1 'J; : oi ?' ! i . , iia\ i a_ a ii op- 
 ! loil uui t V ol a piuatc (a)!iv('i -a ! '.' ' i wil.a t:.<' tiiai-urcr, 
 I iaai:|da;uLd to iiiiu ol' l;i- i:i |ii- 1 ico done luc !ii tin; 
 !oo1j.-!i .-to:\' u\ 111", ul id/- ( i-irata a,!, a- ul,-o ol tfic 
 kiu:^ - icaduu-- t(j '^raiit aw av ni\' - iatc. lie -aid lie 
 (jid not l);i!(\r tii(; kiui had .ii\cai i!, lor tiiat lie laid 
 nC'iJ:''! of iiiui not to ha too Iri-l"; in tiiit paiticala;, 
 la li viii^ til'' la'port to i^a a niiih^aoM- he : hnl ta it lit 
 \'. .(- ol opaiion with Ha', t ..at lio'A w a- a lit Una' to ii-:. 
 .'ii- iiiii'C-t'.- lor -oiiHaiaii;^ hv wa\ r,\ rcpaiM t lou. iiud 
 I i.iit la' waiald a--l-t la, tia " il. Ml- hi; d-;ap 'a a- Uj)- 
 ' ai ' .'- : iiaai- ''<<' -:) (.|";a a 'a lu" to ; :' aaa taa'
 
 ]<J4 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 though the king denied scarce any thing to the duke, 
 his brother, he certainly did not love him at his heart. 
 
 He told me also that the king had no mind to 
 fall out with France ; and that if tlie parliament would 
 efTectually engage him in that v.ar, their way would be 
 to furnish him with sums of money to prepare for it, 
 and that no less than six hundred thousand pounds 
 would be absolutely necessary for that purpose. That 
 if the king accepted of this, he would be obliged to 
 carry on the war ; but that if the parliament would 
 not trust him, he was in the right not to embark him- 
 self, and might justly argue, " How can I depend on 
 my parliament to furnish me with regular and equal 
 supplies to carry on a war, which they will not so 
 much as enable me to pre{)are for r"' But I easily saw 
 through this ; I j)lainiy perceived it was all artifice to 
 get the fmgering of money. 
 
 He moreover said, that the king could not in honour 
 join the confederates against France : that in all the 
 treaties the Kinsjf of Kni^land had been mentioned as 
 principal in the war: that in the beginning he did ac- 
 tually join with France, and that for him now to turn 
 his arms against that crown, would look neither just 
 nor honourable in the eye of the world. Tiiis liis lord- 
 ship told me was the king's own way of arguing, when- 
 ever war ha])penc(l to be the subject of their (li::Coursc 
 together; hut that his answer to his majesty was, thai 
 lie nee(U.'d not 1)(~ f-o regardful of that transact ion, the 
 French king having |)layed him the very same trick 
 when ChanccUor llydc was cliief niiiuster. To this he 
 rcphcd, thai the Fiench king had a pujiic against the 
 lord chajiccllor : lo wliic'i the '!(asu!(.r Mihjoined,
 
 >ii( JOHN i{i:ui>BY ]'j, 
 
 inal whatever \\a^ the caii-c, tlic thiii<^ was a^ h'; had 
 
 .Slid. 
 
 lie \\a> so iVt'c aUo a- to Icll iiir sti!! t'uithcr, liial 
 the (hike \va> llii' L'land |>roiiioter ot" the IVoiich int( ic-^J, 
 mid that he now made lii> court t) the sectaiics and 
 hmatic-. oiilv to 'ji\(j >li('nmh and vigour to the j)o|)i-h 
 iMteiT-t ; liiat his hii^hnr5> \\a< so verv a hii^ot, that 
 tho'mii the Archhi->ti()]) ol" lliieiiii- made no scruple to 
 'io into our cliurche'-. and vww kneel down (hiriniz th(' 
 tinu' of divine ^ei"\ ice, the dnke at the ^anie time conhl 
 not he prevailed on -o much a^ to step w ithin the doors. 
 He oh-erved that tlie duke was paiticularlv unhappv in 
 his servants, a senscle s [)ack ; hut that indeed hi- eori- 
 te>-or was a notahle man, and one that had a ^i"cat in- 
 fluence over hini : heini^ as weh as his master averse 
 to a war with I'rance. \li< lordship however declared 
 him^ell' tor it. 
 
 '1 he next dav I went to vi-it the Duke and I)iiclie-' 
 <>( LaMdcrtLiic. at tiicir line hou-e at Ham. At"tfi 
 dinner, her i^race eiitei tamed me in her chamher \\it!i 
 niueli d;-''onr.-e upon 'at!an:> ot -tate. She had heen 
 a h'.mitifid \M)iir,in, ihe -uppo-( d mi-tre--- ot' ( )li\ei 
 C'roniw(ll, and at that lime' a ladv ot' i^reat part^. 
 I'oth her L.'i":ice and the tlnke her hn>han(l, were entiiily 
 Ml the trea-urer"> interest. Her ehiet" complaint \\a<, 
 tnat the duke -'o adhend to papi>! ^ and lanatic-, and 
 ^o put t'';e kiiii^ upon chaiiLimLf the dc[int;e> ot Irelaiul. 
 and all pmalv tdi' tiie -uhservience ot" llie Romish m- 
 lere-l ; and in shoit, let me nit(j the ^eci'Ct ot' many 
 lliiiij;- I iiad nev(a' so much as heaial ot' het'oic ; and 
 paiUcul;irlv acjuainted nu; with the >tate' and heat ot 
 ^(othind, which, a> her iin-band wa- hjid commis- 
 si' cier, -Ik; w ;is ,', (11 ak'le to lio.
 
 196 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 The day after I went to ask '\[\\ Secretary William- 
 son, if any entry had been made in iiis ofiice concern- 
 ing my estate ? He answered he durst only own it to 
 me in private, but that upon some luinour of a forfei- 
 ture, by some act of mine, it was true thai JMr. Felton, 
 of the bed-cliamber, hatl begged it of the king, and en- 
 tered a caveat thereof at his oliice. 
 
 Upon this T prevailed with mv lord treasurer to go 
 with me to the king, of whom I begged two things, 
 namely, that he would be pleased to order Air. Secre- 
 tary Williamson to erase a caveat tiiat had been entered 
 with him, upon his majesty's granting away my estate 
 to Mr. Iclton, reputed to be forfeited l)y my pretended 
 felonious practices with the blackamoor that died in 
 my service : and that also he would be pleased to lay 
 his commands upon my Lord Chief Justice Rainsford, 
 to discover to me at whose solicitation, or upon what 
 suggestion it was his lordship issued out his warrant to 
 the coroner to take up the body after it had been so 
 long interred. 
 
 To the fii'st the king answered, he did not remember 
 any grant he had made of my estate to any j)ers(m 
 whatsoever, but that if any such caveat was entered, 
 he would see that it was expunged. As fur the second, 
 he (iii'ccted my h)rd treasure!" to send one with me to 
 my lord chief justice, as from him, to do as I had de- 
 sire(! ; v. hich liis hirdshipdid the next (h'.\ by his secre- 
 tary. W lien we cauic to him, he told us the whole 
 mattci', and begged I would exeu-e hmi i'or having 
 been s(j vei-y foruaid in that affair ; and indeed he had 
 good renson S(j to do, having done more than he could 
 jii-lify; lur he had granted his wai'iant ujxm a l)are 
 suLTuestiun, that the moor had died bv such an act.
 
 sii; .i(ii\ iti:i;i>in 
 
 '/ 
 
 witiiout takiii'4 aiiv iMloniiatKJii tillicr in wnliiii^ or 
 upon oath. 
 
 Tiic pailia'iitnt uict al W'l-tiiiin-lcr, on liic 'Jl-l 
 o\ .Muv, [)Lir>iiaiil to adioiirniiiciit ; and tiit; kmi', m iiis 
 speed), told ilie iion-e, lie eoiild not make such al- 
 liance- a- tliev de-ii( d, exccjit iIk \' ^ave I'iin inonev, 
 to make piep m alioii-- toi' \sar. 1 iie common-- did noL 
 appr(jve ol thi.-, and \oti'd th it no monev >houl(i he 
 rai-; d, till t!ic kiiiij; liad I;r~L f:ilt i ed ciloa lea'iue ol- 
 len-ue and vlelcn-tvr w ith 1 loi'aml, and tne I'c-t ot the 
 I lilted l'ro\ i!U'c.~, lor ine -aiet'. ol I'lf-e kiiiL^dom-. and 
 the ix'cijverv ot 1 landed-, aiul to uhate tlie p(n\er (jT liaj 
 I'Vencli kinL,^ 
 
 On the 1 7 lii (d" the >.ini(' nionlh, in answ er to liii-^, I lie 
 Ivinij; ,-aiti, tlie\ !iad e\ ((_((! i.'d the honiut- and method- ot" 
 parhamrnt, tnat thev entixaiciud on hi- prerogative, hv 
 not onh. diret'I mii h;in to make .il ha nee-, hut l)\" pointing 
 ')iit tu hnn w iia! ; I; )-e alhancs -hould he, and w it;i w ii(jni 
 to lie madi' ; ttiil llie po\\er (t makniL!: peace or war 
 re-ided \\h(;:h.- m ii :ii-' ll, and iiiat il' th('\ toijk that 
 from iii.ii, lie -!ioi;ha ., ivc :iot;,;:iL^ lelt hiil tiic emptv 
 nam-.' o! i.; ;.:. aiid no mort , iind thil in -ludi ca-t.'. no 
 pimco or -',ite would eiiit r iiilo eniii-j;* men!- with 
 lum : iijio;! the .\ !:oN', h-- rfjccMal tlio advire--, hnt 
 would i>r: -il:\\ mean- a- h' cam/ him lor the prc-ei'sa- 
 tio!i ot ni- kmud'en- ; ad loarii ;:; i t !ii m to the 1 o'th d.iy 
 ol .1 ulv lo!!o".\ Hi J. 
 
 In the nif an imi'', ha'.i;;j[ ia'ird that mv Lord ^ ar 
 m )iith wi!- one that iiad Ihl;-'. d m. t-tate. iipoMi I.'ie 
 occa-KJii Ol till' death ot \iw hiack, and nndei-landin_^ 
 that hi- loid-lM[) wa- romc to to\\n. I pr<'sentlv waited 
 on liim at hi- hou-e, a:;d lacr,^ wil'i xjme ditlicidtv ad- 
 mitted (Imt I iiadne\er ^'tn lum) a-kcil lum il" llir
 
 3nS MExMOIRS OF 
 
 tiling was true ? \yhereupon he bitterly swore he never 
 asked it from the king, and that he never knew any 
 thintr of it, farther than that one Wright, solicitor to 
 the Lord Henry Howard, did come and acquaint him 
 that ihere was likely to he such a forfeiture, and ad- 
 vised him to use his interest with the king for it ; but 
 that he absolutely gave no ear to the pro[)Osal, saying, 
 " He would never be the richer for the misfortunes 
 of others" that he believed it was pure malice against 
 pie, and that he nould serve me all he could to find 
 put the authors of it. In short, I got from under his 
 hand, that he was neither directly or indirectly con- 
 cerned in begging my estate. 
 
 The very same day I found out Mr. Wright, and 
 threatened to bring my action of scandal against him, 
 upon the information I had received from my Lord 
 Yarmouth, if he did not let me iiuo the whole intrio;ue. 
 He then ingeniously confessed, that both Bright and 
 Chappel before mentioned, had given him an account 
 of the moor's death, with all the circumstances of his 
 pret(;pded castration, and witli all assurance of the 
 truth of what they said ; and that he telling the story 
 to I_X)rd Henry Howard, his lordship sent him to Lord 
 Yarmouth, advised him to beg my estate of the king, 
 and that he bellied it accordingly. I was now much 
 surprised that two noblemen should make their honour 
 so cheap, and deny a real fact with such oaths and 
 asseverations ; but considering with myself that to 
 make more stir in the thing, would be only to make u 
 great deal of noise about a very foolish story, 1 con- 
 tented myself with this satisfaction, that as a sign of 
 their shame and repentance, they had both given them- 
 selves the he.
 
 SIK JOHN KI:KE^BV. lyy 
 
 ()ii liie I91I1 ot ()cio!)cr, a marlia^e was ai^reed on 
 liflucen tlic Pi nice ot' Orange, iiiul ihc Lady Maiv, 
 hr-i daughter lu I112 luyal liiL;luie--s, to ihe great jov ut" 
 the nation . lor hi-> highness being a prutcstaint [)rincc, 
 thi.' match in a great niea>,iMe exnelled the fears tliat 
 the nmiorilv h id conceived coneernnig poperv. Lord 
 l)anl)V, the treasurer, \va^ hehevcd to have i)roinoled 
 tlii^ ahiance. and Liolgood rejv,itation hv it. 
 
 On the OOtii, the p;nlianient, whicli uas to iiave 
 iiK-t Mpon the ;)d of Deceniher, \\a? hy j)roclanialion 
 prorvgne.l to the 4th ot' Aprd ; but nes'erlhele--, the 
 pnL'He i)aMne>s leipiirei.! it, llie dav was shortened, and 
 tiiev were to meet on the loth of Januarv, Ijut wiicn 
 liiC time came, thcv \\ere atiiourned for fifti-en days. 
 
 On the Ld ot' November, I dined with mv lord 
 trea-iner, who received nie \erv knidly ; and t!ie next 
 d.iv I !j->(Hi the king's hand, and the duke's. His 
 liigimes-, anion'j other thinijs, toUl me tiie i"ea>on of 
 [\ii^ ^iiort atli( nrnment wa> l)eeaube tlie king coual not 
 ->ot'ul!v accpiamt botii nou^e,> \\ hv they were called to- 
 U'Mher at liii2 tnnc, till ne had a u;ore perfect account 
 (n'a triatv n<j'A upon the car[)et \\ illi Spam; aiuJ at'ter 
 -ome other liiscour^e ol" [)Ld)iic concei"n, I gave liiin 
 some a->urance< of dut\' and resi)ect, which bv a for- 
 mer, tiiouL:h faUe, report, iie iiad some iea^(jn to 
 d(;iibl (A. 
 
 Ihc [roliauK nt met, and liie kniLT, in hi> speteii, 
 mloruied tiiem, that Ik.' \\a^ entered in a >tnct alliaiicc 
 with the I'rmce ot Orange, lUid the Uiuted ProvnlCc^, 
 to oppo.-rc the French kiii'j, iUul the pro^res^ ot his 
 arms in llandcr^ ; and dcsueil he might have money 
 t(j eMai)K; him to tultil in- engagements. 
 
 < )n tiie Cist of Xovemlx i\ tiie commons voted an
 
 200 TRAVELS OF 
 
 address of thanks to the king, for the care he had 
 taken of the protcstant religion, in marrying his niece 
 to the Prince of Orange ; hnt observed they could 
 grant no supplies for the war, if his majesty and his 
 allies would not engage to lav (io.vn their arms, till the 
 treaty of the Pyrenees was perforuied, and till the 
 French king was reduced to tlie condition he then was 
 in ; for that without this, neither this kingdom, nor the 
 rest of Clnislendom was sale. 
 
 On the 30th they voted the sum of seventy thou- 
 sand pounds, to be raised for the royal interment of 
 King Charles the I\Iartyr, and for erecting a monu- 
 ment to his memory. 
 
 Supping tills night uith my lord treasurer, he told 
 me he fully had intended to solicit the king to do 
 something for me ; but, if he had really meant it, I 
 knew he miglit have done it long before then. 
 
 On the 4th of February, 1677, tiie king sent us an 
 answer to our address, and therefore pressed us to 
 raise money to carry on the war ; and to prevail on us 
 the more effectually, he acquainted us wiih the alli- 
 ances he had made ; v. hich so wroiight upon the house, 
 that the question being put, it was cai-ried by two and 
 forty voices, to assist Iiis majestv in the war, and to 
 consider of tlie way to do it; but it i.cinglate, the de- 
 bate was put oiT liil the next ujorning. 
 
 The next morninLi; T waiied on th.c Duke of \ ork, 
 and had a great deal of disc'jurse v>ith him concerning 
 this matter; ami being the night before v.ith mv lord 
 treasurer, the scheme was laid how to proceed the next 
 day. 
 
 (rrcat debates had arisen upon this alTair, and the 
 -rason of the violent opposition it met with, was a de-
 
 sii; JOHN r.r,!;i">in . 
 
 2-)l 
 
 ^iro in ^()ln(* to opjio-c itn.- ci'ow n, tlioujii in i!.(.' very 
 ihiiii: t!)(.'v liicm-i'lvr-^ wi-hfil tor. the nalUMi hciiii ever 
 (i('>ir()u> ol a war wiili I'lanct.': and d jcalou-v in 
 ollica-, that the kni'j uulcrd nitf nth d to rai-e an army, 
 lint never (h'^i^ned to lZO (m; witli ihe wai', aniK to >;ty 
 the tinlh, -oine of l:.e knit's own pai'tv were n(jt veiy 
 >nre ot ti.t conlrarv. However, the comnions ^oun 
 a!ler voU^i nionev tor tiie i"ai-niLi ^r\ ami twenty i"<-'ii;i- 
 nit nt,> ol l;.ot. t(air ol ho!"se, and two(/t tha'ioon-, to- 
 '^eti.er Willi a na\v ol nni.t\ men ot \\ai\ lor a war 
 w 1! n 1 Va.ii'e. 
 
 A ii .\ dav- atterw anU, 1 ac(in>;niied tiie kin^ and 
 tlie diiLe \'. ilii .-ome ot ihe tian-aciions of tiie iion.-e, 
 and ol the donhl- >ome liad there ex[)re>*-ed eonceiii- 
 in_^ the ratiliealion of the [)eaee letwi\l ns and Hol- 
 land, do whicli t.,e kiiiL: replied, " that the leaii'ie 
 ' ot](,:i^i\e and (ieteai-ive wa- aetnailv >iiined hv the 
 ' -tai>-. -o t.iat tin V eoiihl iKU no\'. recede, hnt tiiat 
 ' ti,e I alilii-al lun wa.^ not \ct -raled, liic' >e\eral pro- 
 vinei > ha\ i;! j; not \ I cnli; nu d the aet ot tluar de- 
 " |uiti(,-, iind ol ill'- coiincil (jI ei^ht who had vc- 
 ' t! iV; 1 it." 
 
 I .!. 'jKai hn-iii'--^ of Hi'antmii, an aid to the kin;:; 
 I'anie on il(d)ale in the hoii-e on the 1 Sih, where it wa.-i 
 t':io (HiLih!'. eo;!tro\ ( itcd, a;~,d nianv diliienllies were 
 St. 1; ted, arid nrur. mi--trii-I.-5 ot tiie kiiiLl. AmoiiL^ 
 otiiers, I -poi;( nnd atieiiipted to siiew' tiie iieef-~it\ 
 till !( Aa- loi- a lii:>t at tlii'- time, and liow impo^.-^iiile iL 
 wa~^ m;i()i;'_:!i -ome i^iound niijlil appear for il'i to re- 
 (((!' at t .:s iiour i;t t Im' da\ . 
 
 I tie next da\ ttie eomnioii- vot( d a inilhon, lot na iilu 
 tiie kiiiL^ to ma'.e \\ar witii I'ranee, for tlie pre-Livatiun 
 
 ,,t' I'! ,,.,1. r.
 
 '2(y2 MEM 01 US or 
 
 We had at tliis time news that the French had taken 
 Ghent and Bruges, and that Ostcnd was besieged ; 
 whereupon the king caused sixteen iiundrcd men to be 
 immediately drawn out of his guards and other forces 
 here, and sent them to Ostend, under the command of 
 the Duke of Monmouth ; in short, this news quite 
 alarmed Flandeis, Holland and England. The com- 
 mons })articularly concerned themselves therein, and 
 now grown warm, they begin to reflect on the king's ill 
 councils, that had not advised him to a war before. 
 No man was named, but they plainly pointed at the 
 Duke of York, and the lord treasurer. 
 
 Attending the king's levee on llie 28th, his majesty 
 told me and some other members then present, " that 
 '' except the money voted was speedily raised, it would 
 " come after the French kin<2: had done his work." His 
 highness also told me the same morning, that his friends 
 would have a hard task of it that day, he being in- 
 formed that souic of the house had resolved to renew 
 the debate concerning ill councillors; but I assured 
 him it was not likely, having but the day before heard a 
 leader of the anticourt party say, it was no time to raise 
 disputes at home, now that we were in such a way of 
 being embroiled abroaci ; and it proved even as I had 
 said, 
 
 Hut after all, news came on the 12d of .Mr.rch, that 
 (ihent and iJruges had not been taken, as had been re- 
 }iorted ; and moreover, that Mons. Kouvigny was com- 
 ing over, on llie pari of iMance, with tendcns of peace. 
 The parliament started at this, and grew jealous the 
 oifers would be aece[)ted ; but still our forces marched 
 onwards, in their way to O.-^tend; and ;wo days after- 
 wards the bill for raiding money, by wav of j)oll, was^
 
 siK JOHN Ki:iu:sp,Y 
 
 CO:: 
 
 pt'i tVctcii, when llie kiiii^ and the liiike talked much of 
 a uar, tiioiii:li >liil it wa:^ buspcctcd their iicarii were 
 more inclined iuv (icace. 
 
 C)u the lOlh, his hii;hnes.-5 tuld nie, he was intbrined 
 i)t" a (l(->i^ii ill the hui)?e of C(jti)tiions, to tail upon linu 
 and inv lord treasurer, and desired ine to oppose it. 
 Mv lord treasurer a>>ured ine of the same ihinu;, and 
 that iL uas to be dcjne tiiat vei'y day. That, ainon^ 
 other ariKies, ihev hiid to hi:^ charge a treaty heiw ren 
 the kinii and the l*nni'e (;f (^rani;e ; but thai in leuiitv 
 :nc-rc was no >ueh treaty ; and had it been, he did not 
 Hnink It iiad been ili^advantai^eous to I'.n'ilaiKl. .Vno- 
 iher of in- erime>, he baid, would be lor advisiii'' the 
 !.mg to make a peace winch he never did ; thoui^ii iL 
 \\as not iin[)03>ible but ^uch a de-5iL;n tlu re mi^ht be; 
 bit that if so it were, it proceetled i:o\ii lujthin^ but 
 tiie kmi; > own judgment, who was that way very much 
 t)ent, it law ful it were to ^av. 
 
 ()n llie I -1th ^evtjial si)eeelies wer(j made in the 
 l.ou-e, full fi aught ui |ealousies and tears, and parli- 
 cuiarlv with rei^aid to the arinv at ihrs tune levyini; ; 
 .1.- if It rather intended to erect ab>olute Uionarchv at 
 iiouie, than int( ot ti;e enemy abroad. Complaints 
 were made of evil council, and ol' the conuciilors, but 
 -till no body v\as named. A !on;^ debate it proved, and 
 111 the end j)roduced un addiCs,- to the kiiiLS ihat lu'torc 
 ihev proccLiktl to Llive anv more moiiey, his nuiji-ty 
 W(ju!d be pleaMil to declare war with I'raiue, and 
 wiiiulraw his amba.'?-ador Ircjin that court. It wa> aUo 
 sliflly conlenck (1. liiat a part of ihi.i adilress should be to 
 nUreat the king to put ,iwav those evil councillor^ fioni 
 .djoui him, who had adsi>ed hnn [o ad|ourn liic parlia- 
 ment m May last, and [ncvented a war \silii 1 ranee all
 
 204 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 this lime ; but this being put to the question, it was 
 carried in the negative by five votes only. 
 
 The commons then resolved, that a day should be 
 appointed to consider of the slate of the kingdom with 
 regard to popery : and three days afterwards my lord 
 treasurer sent for several members of the house, and 
 me among others, to the treasury chamber. His lord- 
 ship there told us, it became all good subjects to with- 
 stand all such motions and proceedings, which tended 
 only to perplex the minds of men, and disturb the pub- 
 lic tranquillity ; in short, to raii-c jealousies agianst the 
 government. The duke also, among other things, told 
 me, it would do to disarm all popish recusants, which 
 he seemed to think a ridiculous thing ; and here we 
 put a period to this year. 
 
 At this time, many ^vell meaning men began to fear 
 the army now raised, was rather intended to awe our 
 own kingdom, than to wdv aga'ust France, as had at 
 first been suggested ; and it being put to the question, 
 on the 8th of IMay, ]()78. wlielhcr an address should 
 be made to the king, for laying aside Duke Lauderdale, 
 of the kinii;dom of Scolhind, it was eai'ricd in the ne- 
 gative by one vote only. 
 
 The question uas put agm'ii, and carried, lliat such 
 councillors as had advised the king to make such an- 
 swers to the late addresses i':\):\\ iiis parliament, beiu'f 
 betrayers of the king and king(l(/ai, or to tliat effect, 
 an address shoidil \)C liuini/iy pre.-cnted to his majesty. 
 to lay them asuk; froeu ins couiicih, and I'euiove tlieni 
 froni their other (ani/lovmeuts. This addre.-s was ac- 
 cordingly preseiiled on the lOt!), and his !ria;t^'-tv".s an- 
 swer was this, that \\ivw v.ere so extravagant in the 
 contcnls of it, tlial i:e was not willing to make such
 
 si!: jo[!\ Ki.!;r.^i:v. 
 
 I I j.iv t'j It ;i- 1 1 (li'-c. w li. 1 . i^i'li 1 I i; .\ I- j,.irtic.i- 
 iiilv ii.i.i:' I. .\:;i| lnr >,iiii:; ti.r; il .'. ;. ciiiaJ, 
 iliKiijIi but l)v oi!:' \i)U'r Ki ;i I ;! :i(..-". i...i' tiir i-.i.-ij,', 
 
 III >.~,iL.'i' l;iU'iV -, lit ti) I;,; !i) to C'ji;- Kid ul -ny.r iiica;!-^ 
 lor a -U[)|)lv I') l.i- iiKi|. -h-, tor |).i\i!'.l1, "ll i<i^ ll'.^t, 
 s1i(k;M !)(U lir (.ii-^ i \ ( '.1. 
 
 ^ )n liu' 1 .111), llic kill : liiulc-taiuliiiu l-.c liiic dt' liicii- 
 j)r<C(.'C(.liii^-- U run -o v; i'\' hi^'i. jn'oruiiucil liicin to tiic 
 J i'l ul [\ic ^ ;:i,'.' ii.diilii. \; .i:-.-,! [i;;t a -^l/p lo i:i( ir l:ii'- 
 lli'T prui'i ciim^-. 
 
 ll \va>, at l!ii> tun', 'j,i in; ,ill v l.i'livVttl tiial pi'ac.T 
 \\a-> {(Hicliuk'ci Ix'twct'ii u -, l.i:' i-tiiiiciKTatr-, and liic: 
 Iviiii^ of JVaiicr. W'c Maiiicl till' -'.it( - \\)\- u.l'w 
 rcailv c iiiij)liaiicc ; the >talt> blainul the Suaniard 
 w.'iu \sa:- full u\ lii> oli'n".-, w liilo lie li.il iiciilicr nun, 
 ai'iu-;, or nio'.u'V ni ll.in;krs lo (Iclciid it; mul tti(~v 
 l)(jt!i tfll upon tiic parliauiL lit' ol' I .ii^iLunl. who wiiru 
 
 -(./ >!ioulu na\i' uiM'ii ii'i ;; ,'. 
 
 :.,>! M;n' 
 
 ! olu'. 1' p;c- 
 
 paralion- lor ti.c \'.ar. \'. i rr wa-'.iUL; tu; ir Iiuir ni ijuar- 
 lolliiiLl ut hoinc \', itn the -oNcrniiii nt, ;iinl witli cu'li 
 oliiCi'. 
 
 '1 !iC pailiaiiiint nut on llii' 'J.'i !, pin-uant to a'l- 
 louilinn.nt, w .rw i..r klilL:; >j''''. lO I.:; . a .i;iif inoif 
 nii-klv tiian u-iial. lie t^.il ih. ,;. a po.it'" '..a- :i' ar 
 iijion coiii.-lu-ion hi. tw ccn I..oh' ..:.i I .' o, Mi, d>. ra o.. -, 
 at wiiicii tiic'v w ci'c cxtrcani. ,", fo;: i ni- i>(a o 
 
 with 1 ranee, w nen 1 hi re \'. - . o 
 
 union eeinour d lo reihi." ',...: ^.^ o i aiNi \ > ,[ ;.' 
 |o a h"t n r SI n-o (;i hinio )i, .' a^ . ' ; ' > ' 
 
 to I'ar_Manu ; and ti.i o .o. e t n 
 
 .0!!.' I" , I. . 1 ; ^ > o, 
 
 t \\ aow lU'j to tlu u" I! !n- al ol no . ' 
 ' .o don< liM tl:'- '-e on . ''. ' ' ' - 
 
 hi 01 lie ol It ll|)on till- CI
 
 206 IViEMOIRS OF 
 
 gligence to direct or advise him concerning tiie intended 
 war, or to assist him till he had changed councillors, 
 and consequently the little hopes the confederates 
 could have Of help from him ; that this, together with 
 the low Condition of Spain, had prompted them to 
 lend an ear to the offers of peace ; not to speak of tlie 
 sluggish motion of the Germans, the difficulty of get- 
 ting them together, their princes being influenced by 
 such discordant views and interests, and the present 
 poverty of the states general, all which had contributed 
 towards the cessation of tlie war. 
 
 But still our king was chietly condemned in this 
 great aftair, as he so long deferred to engage in this 
 alliance ; which, had he sooner done, the French king 
 had never dared to persist in the war ; at least he 
 could not have made so great a progress in Flanders, 
 or have been able to niake so good a market for him- 
 self, as he did by this peace. 
 
 To this our king madeanswci', he could not have be- 
 lieved the French king would have been able to wea- 
 ther out a war so well as he did, though in a manner 
 against all Europe, himself and the King of Sweden 
 only excepted, who sat neuters : and that in case this 
 nuuiber of encujies had Immbled liiat kingdom, Eng- 
 land might well have l)ecu satisfied witii the having been 
 an imconccnucl looker-on, while she engrossed all the 
 commerce ol' Europe, and might in tljC end have reaped 
 an equal s;;ar;' uf :!(lvaiitagc with even the labourers 
 thenlselvcs, wiio had been at all the pains and cxpence. 
 
 On the 4th of June tlie commons voted two bun- 
 dled thousand nounds, to be <iiven for disbandinii the 
 army ; but uiulci- great restrictions, fearing the king 
 Uiiiihi lake the uiunev. and convert it lo other uses.
 
 MR JOHN llI'lUMiV. 
 
 ior 
 
 V\'l.erctoic meat pcnaltic- were levelled ivj,.ilii-l liicotli- 
 (ei<-()t' the e.\ehc(iiier, ami otlici >, tliicnii^li w i.o-e liai)ii> 
 it wa.i tc [)a>s, lo |)i"eveiit tlieii" (iivei'tiii!^ it tVom it- li'^iit 
 cliitiinel, and ihi-- done, the inonrv u a-. cliefMl'uHv niven, 
 ilie nation, and its representative,-^, dreadini: iiollnn'^ -o 
 iiuicli, at that lime, as a standiiiLi arniv. 
 
 On tlie '2'ld there \\a> lie-h discourse about a war 
 with Trance, t!;e I'reneli kin;j and our-^ lujt agr(;cinj; 
 eonceriiinL^ tlic mlerest of liie l\in'^ ol" S\scden, whieh 
 the I'lL-neh uould lawc lo he adju>t( d, hetore they 
 would deliver n[) the town> ihev had taken in I'lan- 
 ders : but, bv wiial I lieartl, I tiiou^ht the thio;^ had 
 but an nnhkelv a>|iect, and p.irtienlarlv as I hatl ^eeii 
 the kiuLl, tluke, and IVeneh ambassador >o verv often 
 merry, and inliniate loiietiier at the 1 )!iehrss of I'orts- 
 mouth's loi|i;iiii:<, lauLihiiiL^ at t'.io^c who believed it in 
 '.anient. 
 
 On the loth of OctolxT e;nne tlu^ lir t neus of thr 
 popi-h p!(H, or a de-ian ot" ilic paj l-t^ to kill llie kini:. 
 N(;l)odv can conceive lliat \\;i< :;ot a \\itne-> tiiereot', 
 what a ferment ttii^ rai-cd amoir.: all ranks and dc- 
 ircf'-. liemg at ihi- lime in th^'Ci'-mlr . I nnriicd to 
 town v.'ith mv t'auii'v. 
 
 'I he pailiaiiu'iit met on the -Jl-', and l:ie kniLl in 
 his speech told ii>, he had kept liie ar'nv on foot 
 lonsica- than hv Ine act lor di-handnij; it .-. a- allowed ; 
 hut ti-at liC had d(Mir iL to pre-ei\'(' Iiic n -l ol' I'laii- 
 d.as, wiiicn Ind jcuved an (.\p'-~n-.V' p;( can! ion !' 
 liiin ; t'oif he wa- dccplv ni deitt ; ih;!! hi- : weniii' 
 would notdetia\ ihi' <'i: irj' ol' th ' 'j<\ <i iMiHiit ; !:iat 
 tiewdiihl -at|sf\- iheni a-^ t" llii-, h'.- hivini' l!.'" '^^ "1'' 
 :(heiii( ol hi- nic<me beloi'c li.cm, and i^al in' ti.en 
 \- ut'ted not but lh''\ vsouM mala^ L:i;i .: ' lof^'i' uno--
 
 208 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 menlation. That there had been a design against his 
 life by the Jesuits and their friends ; but that he would 
 not descend to the particulars of the thing, lest some 
 .should thini< he said too Utile, and otijers, that he said too 
 niuchi: in a word, he left the whole to their discovery. 
 
 The two houses (but the commons especially) took 
 fire at this, and immediately voted an address to the 
 king, that all papists should be removed ten miles 
 from London: And now came on the tragedy of Sir 
 Edmundbury Godfrey ; and now also a[)peared Doctor 
 Oates, who, as he pretended, having some jealousy of 
 what was in agitation, (iissemblcd himself a {>apist, 
 and got admittance of the Jesuits college at St. Omer's, 
 where seeing into the whole matter, he told it to one 
 Doctor Tongue, an J^nglish divine, wiio told it to my 
 lord treasurer, who privately told it to the king, in 
 such manner that the thing was stifled and latent for 
 a whole nionth. But being with the king at the Du- 
 chess of Porlbmoutlfs lodgings, on the COth, my lord 
 treasurer also being |)rcsent, the king told nje, " he 
 *' took it to be some anihcc, and that he did not be- 
 " lieve one word of the whole slory." 
 
 On the 25th Coleman'^ affair made also a noise, and 
 seemed in some sort to conhnn the other. lie made 
 very fi'cc with Ins highness's name upon several im[)or- 
 tant articles, though the duke was an utter stranger to 
 his correspondence, as he desired his friends of both 
 houses to (l.jclare !"o'- him. I'he commons, however, 
 were very .mgry wiih my loid treasurer, for keeping 
 the plot i;o long in tliC dark, seeing the king might 
 have been made away with in the mean time. This 
 news I tirst of any body comnmnicatcd tc; his lordshi]), 
 in the presence of the king, who said, " my lord was
 
 >iii JOHN ui;ui:^i;\ 
 
 .'>ii 
 
 ' ill M.) t'liilt a- to tliat ; li' !ii'.viiil^ C'l'iiui i;;.l I Imii to 
 " ktc|) it s(\T('f, ti.r he t!c!" to iiKiIsC (l:.-co\ ci v (M wiuif 
 ' tniti; thi/rr inii^lit l)c tiu wlu.' ' 
 
 No'.\- to enter into liic partiLMilais ot" tiii- l>!ot, ica! 
 or ()i';'t(Mi(li'il. ;-> not the (K^ii^n of lln-^ \\t);I\ ; the >e- 
 V( i-ai i^arrati'.e- ot" the \\itiu"~-'> iietore the two iioii-e:-' 
 ot paiiiauient. aiil the courts ot" ;'i>tiee, upon the 
 tiial- (it" the iiai'lie- aeew-ed, 'jive --ulhcient iii-i^lit and 
 -->ati^iae[ion. as to ail that can he >aid ol" it. Tnii-j 
 uiMcli we n;a\. iiowewr. ohserve, that thoiiL;!! a iireal 
 <!'. ai Ml' \", hat \', a- aih.aneed .md etmfid.ntlv rehitcd, 
 hore tiie tav-e ot iniproliahihlv, vet >neh \\a> ttic lor- 
 1 -'nt u\ \\]" tune-;. il,.it no doubt nas to he Uiude ol' ait 
 tiiul \\as heard. 
 
 'All the he^innin^ ot" \oveniler \va< taken up hv 
 t ne eonniion-, m e\ nnniiii',^ ot' witne-ses eoneerninL!; 
 I.'ie pl(jt. wiio eanie m \eiv plentilnllv, the kniLi havini:, 
 a: ine !e(jii'.'-l (;I tlie euiiiiiiMi!-, '.[ranted indeunntv tu 
 a. I \\!io-ni>idd make anv tii^eover\\ tiioULlh ever ^o 
 <!'!>!'. ae.d hlaeklv en ' ejeil t iien.-~(.'j\ es, and not oidv 
 :;! ienmitx, hut -uh-i-ti-n.e into the hai'^ani. At It ni^th 
 i'.ic cn:\\\\ni',\< c, !!>( [u this re-o!utiiMi, that upon the 
 ' ' id( nee whieii appeai'( d tioin C wl man'.- lelt(a's, and 
 t ' inlui 111 !!ioii- ol ( )ate^ and other-, it w a- pl.iin ihere 
 .'. >i- a hehi-.i ami dane.iiiiie di'-i^n to a-sr>-inate and 
 :i;Mid' ! tiie kni'f, anil to -nhxcri tse lahi^ion and i^o- 
 \ t riunent a- h\ law ( st,,dili-hed. 
 
 1" ,e ho!i-e ol loid- now !a'|ile-t( (I hi- I'oval illijiine 
 ! ) w 1 ' ;iv!ra\\ hini-tll Iroin the k,ii_^ > coniKal-, and lie 
 ( ' );i: j'l It d w nil the reqiie-t ; l)ii t t he eoinnion- w ( ii t a 
 ' lep liJLi.'aa", and \\ ere lor iciiio\ jiili; hiin 1: om al uia i ti-e 
 kni^ pi -on. 'liici e w (_ i e t ii(;-e in tiie iioii-e \\ no ar- 
 : : ' ! dan ! r ol'ln:-, oli-ervm.; tiat In- ni-inne-- 
 
 P
 
 210 ^lEMOlliS OF 
 
 inighL be lh( rcl)y Icmptcd to })ul ijlnihcir at the head 
 of the popish faelion. SoiiiC tht'ie were also, who 
 moved that the (hake should he sent out ol" England. 
 The king and duke, both, spoke to ail tlieir iViends to 
 oppose this, and it was elllehially done; for no leso- 
 lulion heing taken that day, the debate was adjourned 
 to the 8t.h instant. Uut lliouo;h it came not to the 
 vote, tlie house was generally of o'pinion, that the 
 duke's being of that religion was v\hat principally en- 
 couraged the paj.Msts to such wicked attempts : in 
 short, they were, by j)roclamat!on, banislicd to the 
 distance of ten mile:, from London. 
 
 While Coleman's leUers vvere under the considera- 
 tion of the house, I waited several times on my lord 
 treasurer, who had called several of us together, on the 
 6"th and 7th of November, to consult us about an act 
 to lessen the popish interest in tnis kingdom ; uhen his 
 lordship told us, the king was willing something should 
 be enacted, to {)are (as liis expression was) the nails of 
 a po[)ish successor; but that he would never sufi'er hi-^ 
 brother to be taken away from hiui, or the right line to 
 the crown to be interrupted ; and to the same eifect 
 the king spoke to ihc tv,o houses tlie next dav. 
 
 To pass nxcv other tliinifs more generally knouii, a 
 jealousy now seemed to aii^e i)elween the duke and 
 the lord lrea^uie^. The duke thought his lordship 
 wa-- within himself for his leaving the court, diat so he 
 might have th: king O.ic Uiore absolutelv in his own 
 power: and mv lord (tiiougli I believe he endeavoured 
 to sei've tl)'- duke a'l i,e could, thou'jj; no iViend lo his 
 religi(j!i) re.'euled thi' duke's suss);cion. Much was, 
 at thi,-^ lime, done ar.d tran.-aeled, in di.-f.ivour of tiie 
 popi-ii pai"tv ; parlicui.i; !v on iVr i;.iiii, t'.c lord? "
 
 ^!i; JOHN ll^.Itl:sl'.^ . 
 
 (Kf^-f.! that m"( at 1m!1 to iiicaparilatc' -iicii oi tl.j [[o- 
 iiiaii calliolic ll!"iiiiK I .s a-- -'i:juKi ulti-c to !ak( t!iv 
 oath oi alli ^iLihi'c aihi Mipu'iiiacs ; l;'oii^li !iiv li';'il i;iua 
 tic'a-;ii(i" -ail m inv licariipj, I'lit tia' n::'.t 1il-1o:t, lie 
 \\a.> Miif it \\(ail(l iic\(M' [>a~-- i:i tliat l.oix'. 
 
 'I'lic Diikc ot' I lol-t; i;i\ iL-ivL 111 liad, it .-ffiii-, rr- 
 ['oi t' (1 tla; loid lica-'in r to Ix' ni tiic \)~i\ ami [uai-ioii 
 ot Tianca'. 'Ihii-, at It a-l, had hi-; had.^iiip hia-ii iii- 
 t'liiind, and .>;iuhiij; 'or h;ui, hr ^,ait loi' iiiC al>() to 
 1 (' [)rcMait at the t'xainiiiat ion ; hi.t tiir resident ah-o- 
 !iit(_h.- d< nicd what \va> hud to hio cliarj;!'. 'i'o make 
 amends t'ui" this, I, a lew (hiN^ attia", acajuaintcil his 
 hjicl-hi[). tiiat the same u(MuKaiian had a-smaat me, ine 
 commons wouKl mo>l ecrlaiiilv I'all upon him, and that 
 It \\ as in his power to turn t!ie ediie ot' one thai wa-; 
 mo-^t violent a'J;ain-^t him. I toM hi n a!s(j, that I h;;d, 
 lioai othca hands, l)e( n int'orm'-(h tlial my eoii-in Uali)h 
 Mtjiita^ue, *-inee Lcnal MontaLjii'\ hiteh/ recalled iVoin 
 hciii^ amt),i^-aiior in France, and no\v memher ol oin" 
 hou^e, 'a(iMld accuse iiim inere. ilnt niv Ion! 'j,dvc ;i'j 
 ( ar to eiilK r ot liaae ; ^aviiiLi;, tn:' lattta" dur>t iiol im- 
 pe.icii hiiii. for lliat he hatl K Her- to siio'-v trom hiiii, 
 \'. hil-t amiM>,'-a(Kjr, thai w(Hdd ])iajve how olinaou^i he 
 \\a- ti( per-iiade liim, to accept ol the IVench kind's 
 iiK^iit V, tlaarjii he ahbohilelv related il. 1 iie same dav 
 tiiC (hike lold me, h(,' e\p('(-ted to he altacivcd hv the 
 C";nmo;!s, and hoped iii'- lrieiid.> would stand tlian to 
 turn; and Sir .I(j-<'ph \\ illiam-on, --t(a'etar- ot' >tate, 
 W.1-, ie; the hon-e, committed to the towta', loi' pa--,- 
 liw ihi: inuttei5 ot ,>oua: popi.-h ohicei'-, witiiout ten- 
 eiin,: Ham tin: (Kiths, thouuii he had hi-- maie-t\"- or- 
 I II 15 tor -o doMe_^. 
 
 I'' '. ' , l:a e,. ;d(Mii-c. wen! on -par. . ,; hciii ' on
 
 212 MEAJOIHS Ol' 
 
 the Ijlsl with the king, liis nuijcsty tolil lue, " Bedloe 
 " was a rogue, and tiuit he was saiislied he had given 
 " soine false evidence, concerning ihc death of Sir 
 " Ednumdbury Ciodfrey." 
 
 In jjreparing the bill for purging the house of lords 
 of sucii as refused the new test, it was put to the ques- 
 tion, whether or no his royal highness should be ex- 
 cused from taking it, and it was carried in the atBrma- 
 tivc, but by no uiore than two votes : had it been cariicd 
 in the negative, he would, in the next place, h-ive been 
 voted away from the king's presence. And now all 
 the popish lords, three excepted, were expelled the 
 lioiise of peers. 
 
 Having proceeded thus far, the couiuions voted an 
 address to the king, on the Ist of December, from that 
 house, to represent the ill stato of the nation, and the 
 danger it was in, by his majesty's adhering to private 
 councils rather than to his two houses of parliament : 
 this aimed at my lord treasurer, and souic others of 
 the cabinet council. This was carried by two and 
 twenty votes, and even, some of the courtiers were for 
 it ; v hence it was bv some surmised, that the duke, 
 being no longer in councils, wasgi'oun jealous of the 
 treasurer, and had a mind iie should be removed. It 
 was nou' said the duke had been persuaded (Init un- 
 jublly) that his lord -nip endeavoured to insinuate into 
 the king, that there was something of probability in the 
 accusation against the (ineen, purely that he might 
 hearken to a divorce, and marry another more likely 
 to bring children to the crown. 
 
 I'he commons uere now intent upon disbanding the 
 aiMuv. rai-iuLT of monev for that [)U)pose, and the con- 
 viction of popisli recusant;- ; during which the riglu of
 
 ^Hi; .loiiN i;!:';f-i,' 
 
 i.,c iiUiK to lutt'il'.Ti: in :i ;iiii:'.i\ -i>ill \\ a \\.i;;ii!\ cuii- 
 tr-!c\! ; but ni;i t'l (i'.t.;! i.;i ^1) ir.c ;i .-uii.' lI. o.i l':- 
 ''til tiit.' kiii'i r;tM-; d M:. M dm' ,.^' ;c-'- [i.'ju':- t ! 
 .-C'i/C(l, ami aciiu.i:i!tcil ti'.c lion-' (it cuiiiii.'-r.-, ll. i" 
 ha\iiiL; iifi n In,'- a:iitia-.si<l'>r at tt.i I i \\c.\ cnmt. [._ 
 hail t.rKcu (Ml iiiai lo tiial witli t;ii: p'','- ;.! :''. 
 \\itii(<iil aav C(':ii:m --lo:! t'loiu mi:i tor -a (i'aa^; .lii.i 
 t'nat he had -:-i/cil :.;- j) i;)Ci- to cdiuc al '.!:< piMpa/t ol" 
 tl.v -aiil titat\. Hat M^rataiiic a-mtil t.," .aaix , 
 Ilia! till- w a*? a iia ic aiiitu"!.'. a (.'oiH : i\ a,a'( ol l::i-t.\a- 
 .-uiaa'- [n >A\': hiiiiM il' ; !;i;t t.ait in- !tj: li-hij) liad [i.'^ ve- 
 in taiU'd, tor tiiat r.hiioua'ii iiio-t (jI in^ Kile:'- wcic 
 -('l/(.'(l, !u' had h\' Li'^'id loOs' .-i".cd liic iii(j-t i!i,.'ia.a!. 
 ( )iie (<t" ihctii. (ialfd l!i(,' 'J.jI,: ol' Marca, IL'^^, iii- 
 .-tructc'd iiini to ac(iaaiiit l.'iat court Aitii t,,r ^laait dil- 
 iii"!ltii - h',' iiKjt wittial here m tin allair ()t' pi'arc hc- 
 I\\(i,i\;. aial liiiiii. and tM(_; trai lla, . (^ w a- I :a' jjuiia- 
 ;ii(.iit -iioald d,-C()\t i' it : thai, ho\\(.Vi r, :ic h;al oiah ;'s 
 iVoui the km J to h:d linn t: ( al w itli tiuai; tor a j)(. ata , 
 a- \s ( h hr;'.\(aii tiuiii .aid Mic Ca; llcdv ! a i - -, a'' ou:- 
 sci\c^; iijioii CMiiih'ou:;, lia' liiiaii kr.ij; \\aa!l 
 '_i\ ( oai - .-ix MMihl ( d tiioll-aiul h\ ii - |>'i aaaauii. Iia" 
 ia:t < MM!- to^c llua'. att( a' lliC CMiicluMt;!! ol ih-; [i a' r , 
 t'ai' that a- oar laa_; w (add liaa'cl'V di a:M-t laa p a !.a- 
 liK'iil. he C'HiM (xj eel no iloula I;(jai Ihcai (U -o lo!:_ 
 .1 tunc : .aid iiiiahv, that wht a !. wial* i aaa^ lo l;, 
 -c('r;'!ai'\', laiiK,'' 1 aaa_j th;- 1 1 ,; a-.i ^'lioli. i-i' :..jalo !'- 
 -ilcl'.t a.-5 t(j the an ai(". , a ad -o a a. 
 
 S uii-d > |)A\i.\. 
 
 i 111.- [)aL thi iuri-t lat'i a tlaiin . and a iia;ti(aa '.va- 
 
 iii-!aiitl\' ii.adc, thai the tiXM-iirc,- -iaaald \,-j lar ( .ahaal 
 
 'il laiiii l;'ia-ijii; \i>v that ia' laid laat' a\ ( la ; ( d lu 
 
 ^tiah_a: !a" '..\i\'^ ii'oin h.- [Mi.haatht. .,aa. hia vc it ut'
 
 'J 14 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 no use to him ; and one Ish: Poucl observed, that tin's 
 was usurping a power to the exclusion of other eoun- 
 cillors, who had a riglit to advise the king as well as 
 liiiiisclf; the very treason that was laid to the charge 
 of tlie Spencers, and t!ie duke of Ireland; in the davs 
 of Iliehartl tlie Second. 
 
 But il was answered, that it was no such great offence 
 to uritc this by the king's own order, as was expressed 
 in the loiter it.-c!f, and would be owned, as supposed, 
 by the king at this time. That the king had certainly 
 a power to advise witii which of his councillors he 
 pleased ; and that if his majesty foresaw the confede- 
 rates would strike up a peace, which we nuist comply 
 whh, where was the harm of niaking what advantage 
 we could of it to oarselvcs, and at tiie same li;nc of 
 sparing tlie purses of the subject? 
 
 A second letter was prod^.eed. which gave assurance 
 of inclinations for a very lair uiuierstanihng between 
 us and his most Cln'istian niajesiy ; together wi'h ad- 
 vice to hasten the peace; because the duke seen.'cd 
 everv day more and more averse to it ; and mentioned 
 some towns to be given up i)y the f"rene!:i, as cautionary, 
 fo the confederates, upon tlie conch!^ion of this peace. 
 \h\ ^lontague then declared iii the house, that the 
 I-'rench king was wiihi^g to d^.iver up iv-.o towns more 
 than he diil by the fo.Ujcr U'caty ; but tliat my lord 
 treasurer was so earnest aiMi ;);(ssing for money, that 
 lie th.ere!)y nuide the tern-.s ^.lucl; v. er-e for th.e confede- 
 rates ; bat at the famj time ackn:)w leJgcd he could 
 not say he knew of any n;oney paid either to him or 
 to his maiestv. Other things were now laid to the 
 treasurer's charge, as the mal admnh.-^ti :;!;on of his 
 <jf(ice, and the lowncss of the exche([uer : but to thi'^
 
 sill .101 IS iJi;Ki:sii\ 
 
 il \sa- aaswiTcd, Ic ;;i^ l.nii-iiipV iVit'iuls, that a drbt 
 of -!\ hiiiulic;! Ill )'!>.i\ivl |)()uiul> had Ixjtu paid oil 
 -iiicc he had hern in tW'.iiH', ihou^ii lU) inoiK'V had 111 all 
 tliUt lime iiccw ^iv(.ii t) ['AC Liivi, hiil what had I ecu 
 aj)|ir()()iiaU'd to liic u->r> (l>'M'j;'.it d. 
 
 I Ic w a'- riilL' . .(-ii-.d ti.i-* li'lli r h^'ariiiLi; dale the 
 'J.)t!M;t' .Mvirc!i, \i'>7^, I. id the art u hirh L^avc uioiiev to 
 llu- kill.!; to cnlcr i;i:o a \\ai- wilii l"iaiic(> hciii;^ |Kl^^cd 
 hat the 'JtMli") (d'dfhidiiii \\,c nati'.Mi, in advi-iiii^ the 
 ki:i_[ to [a'>\C iiiOii;v lor riU-ii;*j; an annv lor -tavicc 
 ahidad; andal lli-' .-iiiii'.' time ticatinj; for nioni'V ti'oni 
 JVani'C to niakc a [Marc, wiiitii hxd^cd a~) il" a -'andnvj; 
 ai'inv u a.^ d^ -!L::it-'il t(^ .hunihh' l,!i^hinLl, antl not l-Vance. 
 In >iioi"t, tlie (jiicslicjii ht nii^ pnt, it \\a< resolved, that 
 an inipeaehnK lit l)C chawn iij) a'iam-t the loid trea- 
 i-':vi\\ a:'.d a eonnnittee wa-, aecordinglv a[)[)(.>M!te'd lor 
 that pii.po-e. 
 
 .Mr. .Moiiiaj:;u.' wa-, in thi^ ea-e, juMhv een-nred, 
 lor di-L-lo-inu: \\ IrU liad pi-^ed throuiih hi-haiul^, when 
 a puhlie inii'.l-t; i\ wilnoat the Ixiii^'- have. .Mem 
 ulide. liie trea-^nrtr eiidea voui ed to de-trov t:i'' laadil 
 01 ill- aecii-er. and on the ~ [\\ prod leed -o:ne Uit'i>. 
 troin hnii, wnin m I'lain-c, whieli ware vviA in tin; 
 iioii-r, and made it ajij^e m' that Monl.ij;ne had \)(t'n 
 verv U'ililN- of the otlene<\^ lie iiiri \\ upon Iih hrd-:iip : 
 hnt hi^ e ,:\;.i'-- were -o mans and -0 [Kjwert'n!, ttiat the 
 w jioh.' (()_ w a- eent fej; iin- 1 iiiai ; la a word, tla' til!' 
 wa-^notto h'! -;eiiiMr, d, a:,d -;\ arti;'i(.',s of iini);ae.h- 
 iiK lit w (.1 ' dra v". n up a.; iin-t ia.n. 
 
 i>ut u ih ha'a; ar(j-'e, wlivtnei', >:i ji,; a-iii'.: anv of lin ^e 
 artiidt"- (o he line, t';ie\' aniomr d to iii'_i'i tre;i-on, 
 none (j1 til' ni hnn.: \\i;nin Ine -i linh: of I', iward 111. 
 At h. iv.^t:) ti.'j !Mie-ta.):i hem.: [ail. \\ lietii r or no an im-
 
 210 MKMOlllS 01' 
 
 pcachnient of high treason, lonndeu u\)on the said ai- 
 iicles against his lord:->hij), sh(;nld be carried up to the 
 house of lords, the ayes were 17.9, and the noes 130. 
 The impcaehment was carried u[) to the bar of the 
 house of h)rds on the li.'Jd, where it being presently 
 debated, whether or r.o his lordsin;) should wiihdraw, 
 it was earried in the negative by '20 voices; and then 
 both houses adjourned fur ChiisUnas eve, and Ciirist- 
 nms day only. 
 
 On the 'JOlh the houses n.et, and l!ie eoujuions 
 heard some evidence concerning the death of Sir YA- 
 niund Godfrey, and quarreilcd wiiii the lords on 
 account of the auiendincnt t'nev had made in the mo- 
 ney-bill for disbanding ilie armv. The same day I 
 spoke both with the king and tlie duke, who hotli de- 
 clared they would adhere to my lord treasurer. 
 
 The next day the lords voted, that he should not be 
 committed : and the same day the dispute between the 
 two houses, concerning the m,)r;eY-bill, was decided 
 by a conference, and the bdl [)ussed both houses. 
 And here I cannot but take notice, that the king ob- 
 serving the Lord Slafibrd to he very vident in the 
 house against the Lord Danby, (which, it. seems, took 
 birth from a personal pique to him, for obstruetlng a 
 })ension he h;\u from tlie crown) t(ild w.l-, ''he won- 
 '* dered at it much, seeir.g nis laliier eauie to the un- 
 " fortunate end he tlid, bv tiic very self saiiie njcthod 
 ' of procedure."" 
 
 On the 3()tli, wlicnil wd--? least exp/ccttnl, the^ king 
 })rorogued the pHiliament to tlie 4tli of I'ebruarv; 
 -onie said in favour of the papist:^, others oi' the lord 
 treasurer, and oinei^s a^iiin in defence of his preroga- 
 ijve, which \vas more than one way iiivadcil bv the
 
 ii; JOHN l(I.ul;^i',^. 
 
 17 
 
 CDii.nioii.'^ ; Itiil 111- iiuir-tv al li.c sikic !iiih' (k-Liai't'd 
 !!( iiiU'i'.ii^ il to (li-l'Ui.il \\]v aimv, and juo-t t'uU- l:,'- ha- 
 Mil*;--' ot llic plot. Mon'.a.Mic wu.- i:()w Ui-rcovci oil in a 
 lii'^iMii-r at l)()\n. Ill Ills u,i\ to 1 raiicr, 
 
 ( )n ill'' -Jllli of Jainiarv, \'>'i -^-^l mv li)i''l trc a-':;aa' 
 .-'.ait loi- 1.,.'. and I'm, I ni-/, li;',' I'.nii haii (icclait.l iiu 
 won.d (ii-M)lvc iLc |ia; UaiiK i;t. and aiivi^cd nir I'j 
 ii;>di' ii,!(a-' <t a- -ooi, a-, I coi.'d a^,.in-l llie appruacli- 
 jii'i > l( . lion, lor 111 il aiioiiH |- parliaauaii won Id ^pccdilv 
 !)(_ t-,ii'u\!. l'ni> (.iiiian.Ml w n, \ ir tnc iii)-*. pait, 
 V( 1 !o-. a! l.oi 1 to 1 1. kin_^ and liic fiiurcli ; w liini in id : 
 Ino-r (.!';id\( i>t -(Mitinirnt^ WM'v donain-. ot il- di.--')ln- 
 tion : and liic wav llav I'onli ivt'd to iain^ it abont, as 
 sui- ciTdddv i\'[i(jiiLd, was l)v pci'-nadmj; t;iL' li'casuiaa- 
 to o!)tain il ol tip' kinuS pi'onuMnu; d' he .-lionid succeed 
 ineieni, tlial t i.ere -IiouIlI dc no lirtiier pro-^ecniion 
 aL:a;:;-i mm in tia' ntxt jniilui'iK nt ; but I la v dccci\'ed 
 imn. a- he al'li rw ard- expta'a nci'i!. 
 
 ( -n :nc ;;i-t, dolli liie Imij ami i;,e i\\\'.,i' advi-t^i 
 na lo -la.al lo.' Inc laxt pailiamciit, and lioln ot" tiaMii 
 .-arid Wiv, not. indv ot mv LitJveniiiuaiL o: rair;m_:U)n, 
 dill ..i .:.i.;' a-.a.-'.ance aL-o, it it came lo a conlio- 
 
 \ I I ', ( 1 c\l^' i iOM. 
 
 Hn t!,i htliol l'(i):nirva pixjclamat ion connii'j, ont 
 I'or i :a; clci-tion (;!' a ne'.v pai daiiKMi!, m\ lord irea^nita- 
 eo'.alacted ine to l,i- ii:a ;i. ->! w and thanked him lor in-) 
 p 1(^111-" (^1 (o.hini, ni : le.!' Ill m\ l'o\ (aaiiiu n! ; lo w liu!i 
 the i-.ni'i icpd(d, t:.at 1 had mm vevi liiiii taillitnll\, and 
 h.al ..( m'ia;dc(| lo hi iMial to me. M v lord tie,i-n.cr 
 \'>rotr a'-:) lo ha' in^n -ii; rhl ol' \ ork-nire, to lie la- 
 vaairahU lo n.e in I nc relnin; to concinde, l.aNinLj 
 ho-.en l:a\e ol' \..c l)nke i>i' .Monmontli. 1 nil the. 
 1 'W n lo :' > ;::!o lia- (aamti v.
 
 ^is MEMOIPvSOF 
 
 On the 6ih of March the parliament met, but a dif- 
 ference arose about the choice uf a speaker, the house 
 being for one, and the king recommending another; 
 wherefore they refused to enter upon business, but ad- 
 journed to the 7th instant, then to the' 8th, and so to 
 the 10th. The next day I met the king in his royal 
 robes, and with his crown upon his head, as he came 
 out of the house of lords: he stopped to ask me if I 
 "was elected ? to which replying yes, he said, he was 
 glad of it. Upon my return to town, 1, to the sur- 
 prise of all men, found that the king had commanded 
 the duke to co into Flanders: some said the treasurer 
 had brought this to pass, that he might engross the 
 king to himself; others said it was to divert the vio- 
 lence of both houses against Ins highness, from the 
 suspicion of some that he was of th^ plot, But I pre- 
 sume it was chietly intended to extirpate all jealousies 
 in the parliament, that he was influenced by popish 
 councils, though even from his own brother. 
 
 The comm.ons began to be angry with the treasurer, 
 for that the speaker they had proposed had been re- 
 jected by the king; saying he was the cause of it, be- 
 cause, truly, the gen lie man was not his lordship's 
 friend. Tiiis dispule subsisting between llie kin<2; and 
 the commons, they at length address him, beseeching 
 liim not to invade tiieir undoubted privilege of chusing 
 tiieir sprakei' ; but his majesty slill insists on it, that 
 without his approb;iiion, their choice is of none ellect. 
 Now all the modcialc men in the house were concerned 
 lliat such j)Ui:(;lilios should stand in l!ie wav of busi- 
 ness, espccial'v when business of Slid) high importance 
 lay before them ; bwL tlie angry jjarty uas deaf to all 
 iemonst''a,iice ; ."uid lUc king, I'V way of expcdieni,
 
 sii! JOHN in:iti:si',v. 
 
 2 1 '.) 
 
 |)ior(.wiutl liic itarliainoiit to the lll!i instant, aiid 
 Ironi i! rice ti) liic 1 Jt!i, wlit'ii Seiit'aiit (iif^oi\ i>i;ini^ 
 cicclcd, l)(jtli -kIc-- ncic s:iti>tiCil. 
 
 'I liL' ^toiin now hc'uiMS to lull licavv ii[)oii llie lord 
 tiL'ii^Mrcr, in>-wnuKli that lie has tliouiihls ot (iehvcr- 
 iiiL: iij) i,l- >lal], aii'l wuii It hi- utlicf, iii hopo liy such 
 ri'.-i jii itiici. to -.'.hav the iieal> a<iaiiisl hiin. I \\(i> 
 a\{r-'' to thi-- -le['. I out.-:-. :m;(1 wouhl iiavc had him 
 s;o' d ;ii> 'jr<;u;ut. a- hn'_[ a^ t:;e kniij woidd >tand hy 
 iiiin, ^avMiL', !ii^ i(>-;.:ii.iti(iii \\oi...l hut c'\[)o-e liiiii liic 
 Hi .ii I.) luc jtowrrot' i;!.- ciicuii'^ ; ir. >iiort, that the 
 lui*:.-- \\(i.hl !'( ar huii the h'>s. and tlic eoiiiuions not 
 h)ve lu'iii a l)il th'' hettei'. Several [)er.-on> liad got 
 j,")>H~-i 1 of ['jH)i\ eniploviiicnts, not m) much by my 
 l(i|-d\ ta\our and kiiuhiess, a> hv liiviiiL:; money to his 
 I id\. who had loi' >ouic Inne (h'i\t'n on a prix.iic trade 
 o!' i!ii.- - Jit, thouuii not without hi> loulMupV partici- 
 pation aiiil concurrence. '1 hi-. I knew, hut had nei- 
 th' r lie t"a< c nor the liu-linauon to come in at tliat 
 door; .- tliat I wa- po-tp(n;ed [o ni inv, who, a> I 
 thought, de.-erved a- little a> mv-ell"; hut thev had hut 
 a Old l.aijriin, tlie\ 'Acre now all swept away \\illi the 
 -i:ii! torrent liiit he<ian to o\crwhchn his lord-tup; 
 a^'im-t whom lrc.-!i matter appeared on the 17l!i, up- 
 on tif e\ideiiceol' Ijcdloe, hetoi'e the coiumitlee ap- 
 p o.ot! d to examine into the plot; he accusiiiL;; tne 
 tr'M.-urcr (;! havin'_j laaip red. witn him to li\' diiiini:; 
 tin- inU'i'\ai ol pn'hauM'n t. And now e\t rv inin^ wiait 
 hardir and iiard.er wiin hi- lo!-d>lnp"s Iriend- ; -o tnat 
 niv ek ction h( lU'j; C(nitro\ ei ted, the commit tec ot pri- 
 vile^e-i and eleetuni>, m a lew dav> allei w ard-, ^a v e ur.' 
 eau ( ;fjaii;- 1 ii;e 1'. a -mall maiont\' ol' tv.o oid\' ;
 
 220 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 which, considering the stream of the times, I reckoned 
 to be as good as half a victory at least. 
 
 On the 20lh, a niessage was sent to the lords, de- 
 siring the treasurer might be committed ; but their 
 lordships had but just before voted him eight days to 
 prepare his defence in. On the 22d, the commons re- 
 peated their former message to the lords; and the 
 next day the king coming to the house of lords, in the 
 usual state and formality, iniormed both houses, that 
 it \vas by his particular oider the lord treasurer had 
 written the two letters, produced by Montague : that 
 it was not the lord treasurer who had concealed the 
 plot, but that it was himself who told it his lordship, 
 from time to time, as he thought ht. His majesty 
 then declared he had granted tlie said nobleman a full 
 pardon, and that, if occasion required, he would give 
 it him again ten times over : that, however, he in- 
 tended to lay him aside from his employments, and to 
 forbid him the court. 
 
 Some would have persuaded his lordship to take re- 
 fuge ab"oad, as what would appease i)Oth houses : and 
 indeed the lords had a conference with the commons 
 about pre})aring a bill to banish him, and the commons 
 desired some days to con^iticr of it, in hopes he would 
 have withdrawn in l!iat time. In tp.c midst of thi,-. 
 perplexity 1 saw h!> K)r(ishi|) at miun!2;lit of the 124th, 
 as he came out of his cio.Net, li-om advisins: \vith his 
 friends uiiat to do. lie. gave me a i2;rcat many thanks 
 and g0(Rl u ords ; toid me he had rceomu'icnded me to 
 the king as a ht per- on to be sent his envov into 
 France ; as also uiiere I was to make a[>plicalion in 
 his absence, il" I wanted anv iliin<j; uitii the king. 
 
 "J'he next (iay the eo;i;!n:;!is. in ii c:''ent hc-M. refased
 
 siu JOHN in:i;i:si'.N 
 
 J : I 
 
 to > '.iiiplv with liiC iD'.u-, 111 ll;< ir III!! ot ikiiu'-miiiciiI ; 
 l!;v'V .-llil it Uil^ !.)() >lij.'it a |>lllli.^iillli lit, a'.lil -r[\[ ti> 
 ilciiiaiiil jii-lh'i' ot' their loiil-iiij)-- aii.iin-t the trcaMiici, 
 (icclariUL^, hu oii'^lit not oiilv lo he |>uiu-hc(l iii hi- own 
 j>(,'!M)i!, hut III hi- i>!)>tci itv hkr\\i-c, a-i an ( xaiiijtu' ol 
 t;, <)-(', will) iDi" the I'uluic ^il();ll^l .siiccL'L'd liiiii 111 ins 
 otiii'i' ; hill hiiurc the me a_;f came, th'.' hjnls ha<l 
 ciiani^cd liicir iniiuls, aiul .-ciil the hlacL I'od l(ji- iIk; 
 tica-mt |- ; too latf tiioiii:!i ; ik.' \\a> Li;onc, aiul now it 
 \\a- ,-iiiini-((l the kiii'^ wa- u'low ii c(j(jl toward^ hiiii. 
 
 A uio-l iinhii|)j)v ihmj; it ;- to -(a\C' a licklc prince, 
 wiiicii, It niii>l ho owiRil, \\a-^ part ot <var niaslcr s 
 ciiaractti'. llad llir lic'a^iiiar ('(^iHidrrcil iiol)odv hiiL 
 him-ch, he na^ht cci'lainly have fared h<-Uer ; htiL ho 
 re.-olvc I ralla.a" [u >ulur, than to ch) any thiii:^ ihaL 
 nll^hl tl(ii\e aiiv di-noiiouf on the kinj;, or ullicr> 
 ahoni JMin, a- iic li.i> since simI inn sell". This L^reaL 
 eii<ni_i;c. 1 mii-i own, n.ad.e ni*' -'.aao'.i-ih/ poii'l'.^r ihaj iii- 
 (tM'.ilinie o; ninnan i^iaiaU n r : ;i \\a- l^nl a i- w niunllis 
 liriurc that tew ihin.;-- wnc t ran-acied at court, hiiL 
 w ] ' I {',.: Mi!vil\ or (or.>t.ail ot t;ii-- i^real man; liie 
 r.ai'i hidihcr, and i.iNomitc iii>'ic--, wore 'jlad to he 
 lair 'v'.ila liiin, a !:d t he lm naal a(hhe-- (;1 ah men ol 
 hn-nr:i-> \\a- to inm, who wa- !a)l onh.' trca>ur(a", liiL 
 prni e niini-t(a' al-o ; w tio nol onl\' kc pt the piii'-e, hnL 
 wa- the In-L and -^realc-l ccjiilident m ali aliair-^ (1 
 .-ta'c, l!nt now he l- neuh'chal ot alh Iorc( d to mdc 
 111- nccul a- a crimmah and in (huij:ta' ol' io-in.;' ad :.c ha 
 l:oI, and h.- hie in( icwith ; hi^ lainils' ra:-fd I'lajm pii- 
 '.ac\ lo the dcLirec ol mai'pii-, (a patt lU wa- tiicii ,ic- 
 taallv pa--inL;, to inve.->L him witli ilait ihjnii'. ' i- no v 
 w'l tiic 1)1 ml. ol tahliiij: heiow tlie icimhir -lanii ot a 
 'omin; noi'^\tiiild ahnu-t t!u' na:a !a,-L -m ''''L't cliaiiL'c
 
 222 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 conditions with him now, who so very lately the 
 greatest beheld with envy. Tliis confiinied me in a 
 belief, that a middle state is alwavs the best: not so 
 lowly as to be trodden on, nor so lolly as to fear the 
 blasts of envy. A man should not be so wanting in 
 point of industry, as not to endeavour to distingnisli 
 himself in some sort from the bulk of those of his 
 rank; nor yet so ambitious as to sacrifice the ease of 
 this life, and of that to come, by mounting over the 
 heads of others, to a greatness of uncertain duration. 
 But to digress no farther, 
 
 I wrote to his royal highness, to acquaint him with 
 the posture of affairs here at present. The two houses 
 of parliament continued in division, as to what should 
 be inflicted on the fallen treasurer ; the lords adhering 
 to their bill to banish him, and the commons to their 
 bill of attainder, till at last it came to a free confe- 
 rence between them. This business, and the plot, en- 
 grossed the attention of the hoi,ses for a long time; 
 during which time it was thougiit the Lord Danby lay 
 concealed at Whitehall. 
 
 The king seemed not at all concerned at thus parting 
 with his brother, and his treasurer; nor in any degree 
 solicitous about the use the })arliament would make 
 thereof; though it was suspected they uould get their 
 own friends inio power, and obtain a snip of the pre- 
 rogative, in consideration of the money they gave to his 
 majesly. 
 
 Mv Lord Danby surrendering himself on the 17th 
 of April, 1^79, was committed prisoner to the Tower, 
 where, going to [)ay Isim a visit, he seenied to be very 
 little concerned. 
 
 The privy council of lii'ty lords, was now disn^issed
 
 >iu JOHN iii:i;i:M;\ . 
 
 (Jl! l!.(; i.'/lls i'!i<l ;l ncu otic c.illid, fniiH-liiii: ot tliliU 
 tjl l!i(>-.' loiiU ;i;:(l r()iiiiiu)iu i>, who ii;i(l, in \,n['u 
 li'.Hi.-c>, l)t.iii ii;()>l aciiVf iiLi;iiii-l llic hitc todrl iii'-a- 
 ^urcs ; of liic c ^cw Lord ltii---i I, I.oid Ila'.liiax, 
 Lord C'a\(!nli-ii and otii; is. llw aduiirally \\a^ pMl 
 into (oaiiiii--ioii, ai d -o was l!ic licasuiv 1 iic duke 
 ot \L)iaiioalli was >iii>[>o^t'd U) be al l\ij hultuiu ot 
 ad till-; It i> ctitaiii iL was now thai he L^eguii lo .-cL 
 II j lor hini-tll. 
 
 ( h\ the C'tli, inv Lo!'d l)inhv returned answer to 
 111- ini|i(-aehu;t nt, to the npj);!' hou,-e, pleachnii the 
 kini;"> pardon. 'liii- was >enl do\'. n to the ("(jininons, 
 \vho leleirnl it to u coaiiiiittee ; ami the re-u!t wa-, 
 tiial hi- inaj; -ty h ul no power to ^lant p>ardon in tiii.- 
 ease : the .^anie (hiy IxHii iioii^es hei^an to ea-l it llee- 
 lions on tiie l)iieiie>- ot" l\)it-.inonth. 
 
 The eoinnions. par-uanl to their re-ohiticjii the day 
 hi lore, -at on liie 'J7lh, h. in;,' Suiidav, to eon-ider ot" 
 tiic iiii-an- tor the pic-ervation ot hi- maie-ty*- per- 
 .-on ; ami voU il, t.'iat tin' he-t way vvoiild l)e lo prevent 
 !;,( -lecr-sion Ironi l.dlin^ into tlie liands ot' a pa[)L-t, 
 and tiial tne Duke ot ^ ork hem^ -lu'h, wa- tin- rea-on 
 ol' [.n: laU; con-piraev auaiiist ttie kinj,'- p( i-oii ami '^o- 
 \einnifnt, and the ieliii;ion a- !)V hiw e-l,.h!:-iu'd. 
 
 M\ L(jrd \ i-r(;ii(it lla.litax hcimi ''"'-v ol' l!ie eonn- 
 eil, ai,d enleriii'j into lui-ine-s, lie, th(ai4i a u'leal 
 ineniy to tia; 1/ar! o! i)anhv, j)role--(d;; I.n.d!!'"-- tor 
 me; iiul iiere 1 nin-t (/h-crvc, Liial iiio-t (d' iiie ^.hai 
 had- and 'ji ndeiiK. n ui tne pru \' eoiiiKnl, t Low^ii _: ; at 
 patriot- i)(lo; e, in tiie e.-Ierni ol l)otli hon-'>, i-r^an, 
 in -oinc niea-ure, t(j lo-e tin ir ei edit w iti; ! mj; 1:. -o ii in; 
 It 1-, tii.it th( IT i- no w(.arin^ tlie eoui t : '.A > - :Mt!^ 
 \:\cv :ii-<aher.
 
 221 ]\1EM01RS OF 
 
 On the 1 llh of May, the lords in the Tower moved 
 that council might be assigned them, in vain ; and u 
 day v.as appointed to consider of that part of his ma- 
 jesty's speech, where lie said he was willing to concur 
 with his parliament, in [)assing a hiii to limit a poj)ish 
 successor, so that he should not be able to alter the 
 government and religion as now by law established, 
 thouah he would not suller the succession ilself to be 
 touched : against this day a committee was appointed 
 to examine into Coleman's letters, and to make report 
 to the house of whatever therein related to the Duke 
 of York. They reported, that by the said letters they 
 had discovered, thai his highness had written thrice to 
 the pope ; that his first letter miscarried ; that the se- 
 cond gave his holiness such an excess of joy, that the 
 old gentleman could not refrain from tears; and that 
 the third was to excuse the conse-U he gave to have his 
 daughter married to the Prince of Orange, and to ac- 
 quaint him, that the rini of the times had obliged him 
 to such involuntary compliance. Up(m this and some 
 lurthcr intimation of the sauiC nahnc, a debate ai'ose, 
 whether a bill should be drawn up in the way his ma- 
 jesty had suggested, or wnctlier they should immedi- 
 ately [)roceed to a total exclusion. The fi lends for 
 the limilcition argued, that we might be as safely se- 
 cured the one way as the other; that a small revenue 
 might be settled upon a [)apist successor while he con- 
 tinued in th<ii per.-u;'>ion ; that the militia might l)e 
 taken out of his hands; and that a parliament might be: 
 em|ioueied to assemble, whenever the present king 
 should die, and to sit for six weeks, in order to settle 
 the aflmis of the kingdom, to appoint protectant oili- 
 cers, military and civil, ;nid to make choice ol' i.)i-hops.
 
 sii; .loiiN iM:i;i>i'.N 
 
 |i(>\\ r to ii'tiiiiiKiU'. 
 
 '!'i> ihi- it \\a- olijtM'tt'il, thai dUi'Ii a pii>|C(t oi nio- 
 t(_i!(ii'( wcir alU'i'iii'j iIm' \riv liaiiic and cuii-' it'i I io:i 
 ut our 'juM ni!i!' nt ;iM(l llM):Mri-'i\ . ;i;',i| (iirri'tiv [) W- 
 thifc il [u a I r[>iiti'ic ; thai it woiiM he iiiiiti' i;ul- 
 1 rtu.il ; lliat t!ir kiirj, hv t::(-' Imniaiiu iital law -- nl th*' 
 t.iiid, \\a^ Ik .1.1 ai) ! --ii pitiiir ot t!:;' liiiTc c-t itr- : tiia! 
 a p:i! Iiviiii; nt o comvuiliI a- ah()\f, (-(iuM rnact iii)- 
 IIiIml: \alht wuhiuil lum ; Inal win''' lu' riii'',r<l tla> 
 lilic (il kiii'4. la- wuiild cxi ici-r a p.i".\> r ail'i |ii;ttt: to 
 liii uliict' ; aiul liial llicrc !oio liic incaii- piopn-ctl 
 \\(rf clrlu>urv .uul im-ah\ in (onipaii>()ii ol an utter 
 r\c"!u-K)ii. It wa^ rrplifd, that [\\\< c-\[)C(lit,ait \\a^ liv 
 tar molt,' to l)c avoided tl.an the toriner ; tliat il \sa> 
 depriviiiLl till' diike ( i' iu- hirthri^iit ; llial it' hi- hi_:ii- 
 ne,^^ Mir\ iV( d. lie had a-- elear a chum to -neeeed tne 
 kmj, Il ;ie ok d einhhe--, a- anv man wiuilcver liad t(j 
 -aeeetd to h:- tathei"- po-M'--ion> ; that p^llhath^ ;i 
 p; I'lee ot hi-- -j'ii'il \s.)iihl not ( a-ilv s iljinit to Ix; .-o 
 ih-iiiiicrned : Inal -U( h a di.-liirhanec (>t' tiie -necc 
 -mil i,a-l iKvai', m tiii-. kingdom, huen ()\ aiiv hi-lmj, 
 (licet ; lint iiLiiil liad ah\a\- picxaiU'd al ha-t ; tiial 
 I .\ il \\ai>, upon the hke' oee.i-ioii-, had hi'cii dl^a-t ro!i- 
 lo laiL^laiid ; t hat .-neee-.- w oidd ic.ai-e all attainder ; 
 and tiiil -hould hi- hnhiie-- loice his \\;i\ to iiie 
 eio'.VM, liie ovaaliirow ot i cln.ou and ^ov ernui'nt were 
 iiiu'.t, miieli moi'f, to hetraitd. than \)\' iii- pr e-i la! 
 .lert - ion. 
 
 1 ii( next da\ 1 aeipiainti d ih kiiiLl w itn mv I itr i:i 
 
 ihf eommiUee, he -aid, " he \\,i- s; i\ -oirx' Ii'. it, 
 
 hut thai thev -honid imt -lav !oie_: lu ii'inl lie', il'tliev 
 
 I i imt loe hliii-t,-|l and hi- I'l i^l . ; - . iU ; l.iaU thr'
 
 226 MExMOlRS OF 
 
 '' did ;" and promised to conlinuc mc in my coiuiv.nnd 
 at Butliniiton, uiih a salary of two Imndied pounds, 
 till a conipanv sliould beronje vacani, wljich I Hhould 
 have in lieu oi'niinc now to l)C di-Mandcd willi liie rest 
 of the army. 
 
 On the 1 4 til, the kin^ s(nl a message to the com- 
 mons, advising llicm lo think of raising money for the 
 equipment of a fleet, and for a fresli provision of naval 
 stores, very much wanted in all the yards in England. 
 'Jliis message being taken into consideration, the house 
 insisted on a change of the succession, and a proper 
 security for rehgion, and a removal of all officers they 
 disliked, the kingdom over. Such was the tenor of the 
 debate, but no vote passed, except to adjourn the far- 
 ther consideration of this matter for eight days. 
 
 Now the lords wlio were in the To^er for the plot, 
 and my Lord Danby, being sliortly to take their trials, 
 an arduous question arose in the house of lords, con- 
 cerning the bishops, v.'.iether or no they ought to be 
 present in cases of blood. Whereupon the commons, 
 thinking these s[)ir!tual lords would be oi too favour- 
 able an inclination, took the consideration of the same 
 into their hou'c, and caiiie to an. opinion, tl:ey ought 
 not to be [)rcscnr. This uas i-esen.ted by the lords, 
 a,-i if the commons inle:"fered with a branch of tiicir ju- 
 dicature ; in short, the di-putc ^rew to be of n;reat 
 uarmtli. 
 
 ^lean while t'!;e kingdom in general had a very nie- 
 lancholy a;q)ect ; tlie k::ig uas poor; the ollicers of 
 tlie cro'A n and of liie hou.-chobl were clamoi'ous for 
 their salarii's arid dues, which had not of a long time 
 been i)aid, and r.o \vonder, wh.cn Sir Uo'^cit Howard, 
 one of tiie clucf otiicers of the exchcquei", ticclared in
 
 >i\: JoMN i:i:i;r.-i;\ . <:.: 
 
 t;i- iio'i^c uf couriioii-, lliat tii'i'c \'..i- ;i jI up-. . -,ii'- 
 fuiri;! [or hrcal tor liu' kr:^^ l.i!i!il' ; Immc we;.' n-) 
 -l()I(^ a;i".' \^ ...'ii', ( ilik r lor ti: -: :i -i'i'\ i;-*' or ti.o 1 n,.; : 
 til'' Ll.tiiV .:i^ \'.( ;(.' ail o'll ol rt'jMi:", '.'m' p.; ;'!o:i.,- d. - 
 (Mvcil. a.al 1;k' caiino;, lii^iiioaa [rd ; t i,'' :'..iir. <li\rlc(!, 
 tor llii; I );. !n<' o! ^ oi '. ami a : lia-t arn, t .'ic ol iircr- dI 
 -tat' .a- -aaa- ; tao p i ;i .a. ::; -ii! lor [:u' i;i i-L jtart ia a 
 tuaiic lit, aiiil _i al .l lii'-; iMia'ic ira aiiulta -taiui iiia;-. as 
 lavaia^ Ml j; ' aai' il''-ir/ oi (!;jr..:ij [lic \\\ii'Z< ot" lia' [)1('- 
 iD'jatiw, I'liiiiaMLi; tac iaa^^at ot i:a )iiarcli\', an i lar- 
 l!i;ai:i_; tat a" pra.atc il(-;ua-; tia; kia^ al-u aail ins 
 iaa I lia a' at vai .aaaa:, aiai -o kept 1)V t iai-t' '". la) piaj!ni<('.j 
 lo UKikc iii.-> iiiajc-tv ijuitc ea-',-, it' lit: woiilil iial (aanpiv' 
 w il!; t:aaii so lar a- lo *li-iiiluaat tiic dni-a' ; m) tiait lie 
 v^a- (piitc ill -'i-:(ai-(; as to wiial ic-(jlutioii \\v .-liould 
 o. aoalil not. t ai ('. 
 
 1 :.t l)akfMi Moiai; aitii \".a- (;itaiiil\' \rw niiicji 
 Hi 111'' ki'i.: ~ attiaa loii-, w a- <v ,. 1' ai : l',' in tarin;al - a _;ai n-t 
 i..-- u 11' !' (jI 'i m I. ; lor all ill- la i; i! ii i '^ in the (kjm -(, 
 \oti'(i a:^aiii-l ill- ni'j iii(~v^ nor '.^ : aa' an\ ni n (ja^li'iiii 
 i , , - ( - 1 . a . a i K.) I ; . ! a . i n I a i i. a : 1 o t .> n 1 1 1 - : > 1 1 v ; n i 1 I . m x , 
 aiai olii , ell.: !- d! liu' lailtal. 1 .a' liula i--, l;.oaj;a 
 lao l)aki' lit .Moninoiitli \\a-> (piita lini-ncij a- to in- 
 I \ti aior, !ii^ in-iai" wa- iv no iiiaan- ot a jjita a t'aaa'- 
 \'. itn ; -o i,,at In' -aa-. ca-ilv l.t'^ii I loi 1 li\ Saatt- !.:;. la- 
 !o t 'ia !l ilU a iiil; not !on ot' Ixanj, ti;'- da kc I'a-m'i i itcii. 
 \\t' ia\l ia a' to 1 ac ai o\\ n, (I'.aia' i\' tm> kiii:"- do- 
 ( ia.riai in.iii aaac witn in-- nio'ji'a", o.- la. I^iiil; aia !a la- 
 ^aaiial" liv ;ict ot" paiiianaait. .Vial nal'> d, t:.'-' /a a' 
 'a'' ia-laiua's ot' llia Dukr n\ \i)\l. tiia kia_: nad 
 ' ' ' niv in aoan(ii d(a'larcd, taaf l'." l)i\c oi Moa- 
 no I'll \\a-> i)at in- natural -on, and taat no la \r\- \\a~ 
 ' 'o 'a- ;a )l iaa', liaa c \\ ri a aaaii'c. i ^ a{\\' t' >
 
 'i^c8 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 assert his right, and who pretended that sulllicient wit- 
 ness was to be pioduccd of such as were actuully at 
 the wcikhng, and that a rerord of the same was kept in 
 a black Ik)x, in custody of some of tiie Duke of i^lon- 
 mouth's friends, but to cnsmiss this on the LMst the 
 lords voted, that the bishops mi^ht be present 
 at the trial of the lords, and the commons committed 
 the bill of exclusion on the 23d, upon a previous 
 (juestion put, the ayes 9.4-6, the noes 128. 
 
 Two days afterwards, 1 was at the king's couchee, 
 and wondered to sec him quite clieartul, amidst such 
 an intricacy of troubles; but it was not his nature to 
 think or perplex himself much about any thing. I had 
 the good fortune to say something that [)leased his ma- 
 jesty, and llie Duke of Newcastle, one of the bed- 
 chamber, being in waiting, his grace took the oppor- 
 lunitv of saving some kind tiiiniis of me : whereupon 
 his majesty came to !ne, and reassiKod me of a conti- 
 nuance in my coiutnand, and tohi me, he would stick 
 by his old friends. 
 
 I/Ut the lords persisting in tlieir opinion, thpit the r 
 spii'iiual nK'i;;i.)ers migliL !)e present at the trial oi' tiio 
 p;ri;~(>ncMs, and particuh.;! iy of the I'ai'l of D.iubv's, as 
 to the validiiy of S;i> jiarcion, which was hiS [)!ea ; and 
 on the olliei- liain.'. the conunons votir.4 thtit the said 
 hji'ds siioiiid t;ot i c [);t'^-ciit, and rc^:oi\'in^ only to pro- 
 ceei! HLiviiiisl that t>ir!, and not the rcsi of ilie [)ri- 
 ioners, tiiOiKih the { 'mc ap;JOintcd lor i!ie t)'ial of ilwm 
 all wa-j cnrne, exisaordinary heats aro-e brtween Itie 
 two iKJu-es, i"i'-;;i;i:ch tliat on the C-Uli ins majesty 
 came aiui '.o!tl them, that riOt pcrcx;'. ing whicii way 
 they were to '-v. reconciled, lie prorogued tlicni till the 
 4th of ;\uii!J:3L. The citv of '.ondon, where the anti-
 
 >1K .i()ii\ i;r.ui>in 
 
 '2 2-) 
 
 liii-, iiiiil were so :iiiL'!\', til It It wd- tiiouu'iit tlitv 
 would have risen ; but i'll, wit'i iiiui ti ado. \sa> liu-lud 
 and k(j)t (juii t, 
 
 ( )ii \\\c I'jii ('t' .luiu". iMiiit' new > ot' an in-urrection 
 ill S<"otl;n.d, to !i,r nuniltc'.- vl 70(() men; that tncv 
 !;ad hurnt -(_'vev;ii act- ot' pai hanii'i't, a- lia' art ot' mu- 
 toiinitv anil c |)i^eojiac\ , a- a!>o l:.' ;iit wiiieh id)o- 
 !:-hcd and i-und, iiaa'd the eova nanl. 1 li ii tncv had 
 '(I Iwiaii a di-rhiralton lor ,L -a- C'ia';-l, the ka-R, anil 
 (la- ( 'jvrn.ml ; m -lioit, -ouir triHjj< tluit were oriK I'vd 
 out aLi.iui-t th(Mn hcni'i ilc.l<_;atcd, i hi i)ak(' (jt" .Mon- 
 mouth wd-- -,!!l ))o-t ha-U' into >cothind lo btop the 
 [)roL!;n^? ol" t!ii> intunl rchellion. 
 
 ()n the 'J'Jd, the kinij; toal me he had an aeeounl 
 thai tae two arnni - waaa' h'al ten mdcs di-tanl iVoni 
 eaeii oit,(i, tiial hi^ eon-i-ted not ot'ahove TJiH). and 
 ti.at t!a' rchi 1> w ere aho\e o'( !(M) .-n'ouLi; hul notwilh- 
 -landmi: lhi> ^reat odd-, ne\\- eanu' ;hc nt'Xl (hiv tia.V 
 the kilter, alUa- a \ crv [Mmr i r-i-tama', had keen ntlei'lv 
 rou tei I a nd di-pr; m ak 
 
 111 nri m tli( (a)uiitr\', on the Ot ii ot' .1 uk;, and undia'- 
 -taeahu'i tia' I )uke ot' Monmouth was to Ije at l)on- 
 ea^Ua'. pa-t out ol vSeolkuui, I wt iil to mca't hun, and 
 .--eut hah a iimdx, and -(aue extraonimarv ,-oi-ts ot'wiiK 
 to (aitei tani him thriH'. lie came noL tiU muhujiit. 
 and rar~( (1 me (miL o! hue hed de-i.'Urd lor hmi, n:- (k- 
 lav it niptin'i nic to llenlx in,' \touki hardiv hr m 1!iat 
 niLlht. Sir kiioma- .\rm-tron'_! w a- w ith han, and toki 
 me the kim^ liad in ard -ouie tal^cl,(M)d- e(auaanin__j t:;e 
 ihik(, aial had. m aU na-tc -(lit tor him out ol Srul- 
 land And indeed iLlnpp(ned to he un.lt. a -' ""d, inat 
 a.l'er la- \iflor\' \\j w a- ahout kiNiiaj a o andiiUo".
 
 230 .MEMOIRS OF 
 
 whereon to succeed in that kingdoin, and by the in- 
 dustry of his agents niaking himself j)0[)u!ar. 
 
 The Duke of York, who liad been sonic time abroad, 
 suddenly appeared a^iain in England, to see the king, 
 who, as was pretended, liad not been well. The dn kc 
 of rvlonmoutli, who ihonglu he had tiie king to him- 
 self, knew nothing of it, till his highness actually ar- 
 rived at Windsor ; nor were there al)ove four persons 
 who knew any thing at all of the matter, ;- o close and 
 reserved could the king be, when he conceived it to 
 be necessarv. This revocation of tlie duke was ])rin- 
 cipally owin'^ to the intcr\'enlion of J.ord Fevershan), 
 who ciucrwaids told me tliC whole story. And now it. 
 was thought thai the pailiament, being chieily made up 
 of exciu'^ionists, uouhi be hut vciy short-lived, 'iliv 
 duke however went l)ack asiain, but it was only to felch 
 his duchess, whom he had left beh.ind him, reluming 
 presently, with his whole court bom Fhuiders, and de- 
 siring of the king, that if he nuist needs be absent, he 
 might rather remam in some part of his majesly's do- 
 minions, and so he was sent mto Scothuul. IJis iiigh- 
 ness then proceeded nortiiwm-d : but Ford Shaftsbury 
 being soon after removed, the exclusionists began to 
 liespair of success; nor was that ai! ; for the Duke of 
 I\j.onmouth iiaviiig bet n sent into '''landers, and I'e- 
 turning willioul the king's le.ive, drew such d!-[)leasure 
 on liim, that he was divcsleu of all his employments. 
 Soon aiVer, 1 heard the duke had been sent i'oi', from 
 Scotland, by the kiivj,- , that the two l)i-othei-s met very 
 affectionately, and thiit the king jjarticuiarly should 
 ^ay, *' nobody shoidd ever part them lor the futm-e ;" 
 and with tliis we conclude ibis year. 
 
 In April, 16'80, I went to London to .'.olicil som.e
 
 sii; JOHN !;i'.i;i>i:\- 
 
 I ll-llir-> at court. l)(ll !.,< .i,i]i!;c.i' i-ll n! ;,',! ;i,c;i ir ;i)^ 
 
 ti) [\.c (hike, \\!i;> ([Dit" (i'/jrii~-''d ii:c i.iiiL' t'' !ii;..M'li, 
 Ins liiL:!iiK'-s Ijiui \'".l l.tl!'/ u i-;irc !<; ^i\i tar lo, (,; 
 u-'-l-t i,!- l;!:iii!-, ii.T :t- silcii ;,,' S''.':iitil t( loo!-: oa \]h: 
 \\ licii I a" tended i.i 111 a' \ ci'ix, t:i( ! i-i \f':i!-, a- lit; w tat 
 (l(j\\ I) to S.'oii.ui.i ; ;'.iul. 1:1 li I (!. 1 . 1 r w >.- - :;a,!. 'ai: ( .- 
 ot .-iitaa ciliiiii 1,1 haiiH \' 1 cijuc-'.^, a-^ iiiaic w a^. t..t, i-a!i_; 
 (.\a,'rv iia\ ri.a !( ina!;a j; lalaci" l!ai;i iiin ca-iiij; !,!> cx- 
 j'tiKa--, ti.at -() if iiaj,..! -land tiaa If.--^ in lacd ( l' !,i> 
 paa iiairaii'. w'ac':: i,L' d( -aahtd ot liiidi'i;^ lii aiiv u'^od 
 iaiiM'K.i . 
 
 'llicie wca'c, a.t (l,a<; : v, _'<., t !ia . ;;:i^;- 111 [-a-uas 
 (!i?-ati-hi'd Willi tia.'('(ii:t, whaia ( aai-ailtalior. w re 
 hold tod.-trc.^- tiiC 1-aaj, upon all tMaai>ion~. \'. iittluM' 
 in parlianjtait, or out ol it. and (ac-c K'-oi t-- wtic cad(.d 
 cail'iU. '1 ia- 1 )ukc of Mcjiinifjatli, tin; I''.a;l ot' Saal't-- 
 l;nr>, a ,d t aa Lord- Ku-'-ca, Ca\(.ai!i-n and o'iia.s, 
 u ( ic lla.' (.iiui.-^ ol t!iC-a a--rnii)li( -. '.'.iiKai, lor liaj 
 Uixatrr (iruaicv, .diilfal -a>. t,\ ni^iit !roni ia)U-r to 
 ]i(jU-<- ; \'.r j)ui)iir laita,- , ;;; I'ttadiii j; Uw- of j; aptjrv, 
 and Ina -,il; I', ol' t la' ia!i_:. 
 
 'J'ia' kiiiLi aad I ar d a kc l)ian_ at Wind-o:-, (\taic to 
 (own i'Ut oiu'o a wurk, to !)( [uc-cal. a! c. ninal ; and 
 laidniLi llic liaaaU I had \\i;a llia kiii.: v.cn' hat ( l" 
 iiitlc M-a\iia' to 11!^. I \\( nl ur -oil to W ind-(;r (mi t:i'a 
 ^lii 01' Ma., and a((]uaiati d 11." oia.'j w I'ai a da-a^ii, in 
 aiiilation w .111 -^ lar people, 1 o p; tu e 1 1 ' k M u - in.; '.- 
 1 iaa,e ".'. nil t:a; l):d^e(.l .M o' ' a a .ail a" > iiiotiar, and la- 
 loi in( d han now lie naLint oa'.ai;-' ;t ; lor wiiaai .ae 
 lliank((l iiK', and told '..aa withoa; niv adxni : it, taat 
 ae Mad heeii niindt'nl ol Mi\ hn-iiie--. lla; !\ira_: -laa\ ed 
 Ine a 'j;!' al 'a'ai ot'what he aid ooa^' ;o l:e aollsC, 
 'a!(a:wa a:de( d vei'v la.' . a.id aeaai;a'( i n.e w llU
 
 ISO. MEMOIRS OF 
 
 u'hat he intended to do more; for then it was he was 
 upon finishing that nio.'-t majestic slnicliiie. He Jived 
 quiie privately at this time ; tliere was httle or no re- 
 sort to him, and his days he passed in fishing, or walk- 
 ing in the j)ark ; and certain it is, he was much hettcr 
 pleased with retirement, tiian the hurry of the gay and 
 busy world. 
 
 I returned to W^rndsoi- on the 17lh, and had all as- 
 smances, from the duke, of constant services with the 
 kinij;, in what I soliciled, which was to go abroad in 
 quality of envoy extraordinary; and at the same time 
 taking niy leave of his majesty, lie laid his hand upon 
 my slioulder, and said, " he \\ as veiy sensi!>le of my 
 " services, and that ihey sh.ould be rewarded/" 1 
 took this opportunity to jrul him in mind of l;is promise 
 to send me abroad, aiid mentioned a nobleman who 
 was present when he made it; and he said, " he remem- 
 " hered it particularly well, and tliat, uj)on the very 
 '' first occasion, he would be as gooi! as Ins word." 
 
 In October it was again rumoured about, that the 
 Duke of York was to depart before the meeting of the 
 pailiamcnt ; some said in obedience to the king's or- 
 ders ; others, to avoid the violence of both houses : 
 for }jlain and most evident it was, that the paj^ists 
 lifted up their cret with great arrogance, presuming 
 on support from ihc duke, who now reigned absolute 
 in all the kings affaii-.-. In sJiort, the eluke and du- 
 ches.- ;('l out once more for Scotland on the '2h-t; and 
 the I'cxt day the parliament mecling, the kiug in hi> 
 sj)eech (leclaicd, " thev wei'e free to do whatever they 
 '' would ibr the security of the j)rotesiant religion, 
 ' provided they did lU't olfer to (bvcrt the du'cct liiu 
 '' of the 'Hicce.-^sion,"'
 
 siii JOHN Ri:i;i>in. -j,j 
 
 Hut -till llic coiiinioii-- went (jii. tin.- uioniii aiul the 
 iKXt, to iVamc' u lill to cvrludc the Dul-.c oi \nvk 
 Iroiii the siicce->>i()ii, a:ul lh( '.^ciillenieii aiul olhri- (ji' 
 ^ oi'kshirt', who hail coiinlei-iK'lilioiieJ, aiul tU'chirrnl 
 their ahhoi ["ciice ot the liiiniiliiioiH lutilioii lor a 
 iii(etii)^ ot' p.iiiiaiiieiit, v..vr Mited hcUavu- ot' the 
 lii(nlie>ot the pcojih', ami ahcito; -, ot' ai'l)!li'ar\' jio'aci. 
 A < o laiiittcc w.i- aU(j aji.'oiulctl to m(|iiii'e into the 
 niaUci', and alKi- li.c pcrHd.- conctaaad thiaein: and 
 1 w o UK inhei - (,*t" the tioii-'-, ;i:)t!i ot' \ i k-iiii-e, w h(i had 
 .- r i:air iiaiid- to lla ahhoi iL-nee, wtic eonv( ned he- 
 toi'e them ; hut 1, \\:iowai the [jenmaii ot t:ial ir.-trii- 
 inent. had done it -> ea'ilion-lv, lliat no iiold could 
 he la>lriied, no t \i'; ptioii- taken, and -o ihcv lmjL oil. 
 
 Ill XoveiiilKT ih pailiaiiuait pur-^ued Ini'dake witli 
 stieh \io!ence, and the iviie^ wa- -o llioroui^hlv dis- 
 tre~-((i io! inonev, that ,-oine he^an to \)v ot opinion, 
 hi- in;i|r-!v would ahaiidoii iii- hi'ottier. A t teiuliiiL!;, 
 aijoat tin- tunc, ai iiic i%ui<4'- -upj)(.a\ I told Inni that I 
 'Aa> linvateii'vl h\ -oiiie ol the !iou-e ot eouiinoii-, to 
 iie called to an aceo'int \uv penniiiL!; the ahnorrcnce, 
 .tad -iLjii: ill w ilh the rc-i (il tiie \ ork-liire Lientlenicn : 
 to wliii'ii hi- ina|e-tv made an-wia\ " do not ti'onhlc 
 '\oai-tlt; 1 will -tick hv \ou and ni\ old Iruaul- ; 
 ' lor it I do not, I -Icdl i: I'.'e noliodv to .-tick l>v im." 
 Hut \l[. It w.i^. I)\ a nv..^ inan\', icared he w ,1-. laU 
 (juilc rc-oi\(,(l a- to till- protc--ion , tor iiioiu v wa- mi 
 ( xceediiejh.' w antiiii!. and > ;. oil'' a ,- ot' the pa ilia men I -o 
 May tan-, it i;e would lait _,vi' up in- ia'otiur, that no- 
 hud\' wa- -ale. \\ lia! adued !o I. a' ^u'^pirion wa-, 
 that many w no w( re well ..i tiie kin^'~ c-t< i m, apjtt ,ua .1 
 ;oi the tjill ot ( \clu-ien : i.ui' wa- it unlviMwn tnil tne 
 1 ) uchc-s oi INa't-inouin .\ -i- wa M ine!'!i :i ; ii ; \\ lie-
 
 2^4 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 llier arlfuUy to insinuate herself into the good graces of 
 the party, who had been at greatest enniity with her, 
 or in comphance with the French, whose tool she was, 
 who was ready to catch at any tiling to embroil us at 
 home, is uncertain. 
 
 A few days afterwards, I happened to be at the Du- 
 chess of Portsmoutlfs, where the king was quite unre- 
 served, and very oi)en as to the witnesses who were 
 making out the j)opish plot, and proved to a demon- 
 stration, that many articles they had given in evidence, 
 were not only improbable, but quite impossible. 
 
 The 7th of this month was one of the greatest days 
 ever known in the house of lords, with regard to the 
 importance of the business they had in hand, which 
 concerned no less than the lineal succession to the 
 crown, the bill having passed the commons, who sent 
 it up to the lords. Great was the debate, and great 
 were the speakers ; the chief of those for the bill was 
 the Earl of Shaftst>ury ; the chief of those against it, 
 Lord liallifax. It was matter of surprise, that the 
 latter should a[)pear at the head of an opposition to 
 the former, when they wcie wont always to draw toge- 
 ther ; but the business m agitation was against the 
 Lord Ilallifax's judgmciU, and therefore Ijc opposed it 
 with vigour ; and being a man of tlic clearest head, 
 finest wit, and fairest elo(juenee, he made so })owcrful 
 a defence, liiat he a'oiic, so all coniesscd, intluenced 
 the house, and persuaded them to tiirow out tlie bill. 
 
 The king was so highly {)leased with the transactions 
 c;f this day, that he, soon after, took tiiis great lord in- 
 to business ; i)ur, on the other hand, tlie commons 
 were so angiy nilh !iim, that though they could regu- 
 larly take no notice of \\!uit any man said in liie oilier
 
 siij JOHN iM;Ri:>r.\. 
 
 iioiiM', t'liv vo'icil ail .u!(l!\'- ^ t() l':c i.i'.ii to l;iy iiiiii 
 a^i<i;-. ami reiuovt.' ii:;;i i.M.ii lii-- cijaiicil aii.l pi r-ciuH'. 
 '!"() thi^ he ansucii'il, '" lli.it if Lord llaliil.ix had don 
 anv tiling contrary to !a\v, \\v wa-- wiUm-j; he .-iiould 
 ' I )( pro-ecu tod and puni-hcd accordingly ; Im t tliat nut 
 " IcMiiij: -a:i-ricd he \i:v.\ donu an\- lliini; ainr->, he could 
 iKt pirl with him," or word- to that el!e''l. One 
 \\(,nid !! ive tlio'i^'i!. tiiat -o ^-ijn d a piece of >ervice, 
 I.:, I (1 I !,>'.; i fax .'; 1 tM hi- h: J lU"-^, had \>>-('\\ of a iK'ij;ree 
 aid n i! art' nc. rr lo l:e foriu! : h;it \\:i('a tiie thd-.o 
 .ift'i v, ard - c;i::!j to fe kin.;-, la, l":oni llic [udw .-cal, 
 niicif iu' found n;ai, rLUK/wd iu;n to tin' pa'ij-ai'ua'V 
 of li;e councih pu'aiv to nnihc room lor an olaiu", and 
 in the end ipnte laid him a>ide. 
 
 ()n tie 'J'Jd, 1 v\a> a !on;i w iiih- in (h-ccmr-e with his 
 in,i|c-h.-. and, anions ollua' i;nnii>, told li.m, I tlonhlcd 
 wlutiii.i' I .-tuiii'.d h- in-rrted in tlie ii-t, tiie K^ids had 
 \oted to !)' 'jivcn m to tiiem. of the nidit.nv olhccr-. 
 t !aa\' 1 in.'j; laati.tr co i.p.i nv no: gunner at Ihi. Iniulon. 
 wliere 1 w a- 'jo\ trnor. to m ont it ajipear a Liarri-on ; 
 and t ;; it it" 1 w .i-, I pfr-Uiia d I IkjuM in' ot tia' nnm- 
 o^r oi ino-c thev intend'.-d to pilition hi.-i inaiotv to 
 lav a-ide : to thi- tiie knrj; air .scrcth " let th- ni do 
 " what thfV 'All!, I will IK ver part w il h anv oltic(a' ;it 
 ' tin.' rcipa'-t (jf ritiic i' laaiM' ; \w: K.lhf r lo-t hi- iioad 
 
 I).- -n'M ( omphaiice ; lait a- lor me, I intend to die 
 
 an(t!!ia' w <iv."" 
 
 !.or 1 ilahllax, .i- we i!a\e oi) erval hclore, ha\ lai^ 
 de!{ ,i! d the hill ot (xcln^ion, m the !ioii.-'j o! loi>;><, 
 . a> hi la Id a- the ri-ne_^ man, and p:- ma r la\onri;e. 
 ! waited on him on the 'J^lli, ami lh next da\ ne li/ok 
 '::e in in- (a)acn to W intcliad, and in\in'd. n to nine 
 ' nh hun m in iwite : m our conv' -^ ; nin lo_^' :a r, he
 
 256 MEMOIRS Oi' 
 
 told me it was to be feared some unhappy difl'erences 
 might distract the nation from these uneasinesses about 
 the succession : and that in case things should unhap- 
 pily ripen to a war, it might be proper to form some- 
 thing of a party in ones own thoughts. lie said he 
 knew there was but another and myself tliat had any 
 considerable iniiucnce in my ui^ighhourlrjod ; in con- 
 sequence of whicli and sofuo I'urihcr conversation this 
 way, I, the next dav, caiiieil him the names and cha- 
 racters of all the consideranlo men in tlm^e parts. 
 And upon the whole, we agreed that the loyalists were 
 not only the most numerous, but also the most active 
 and wealthy; and tliat those vviio, in parliament, 
 were against the court, were men uf little account or 
 estimation in their own country. 
 
 But to turr; our eyes upon what justly claimed the 
 attention of all men, on the 20th came on the trial of 
 Lord Stafford by his peers. Westminster Ilall was 
 the place, and 1 think it v.as the dee[)cst solenmity I 
 ever saw. Great were the expectations of the issue of 
 thjis event, it being doubtt'ul whether there were moi'c 
 who believed there was any plot by the papists in reality 
 against the kings life than not. lie was impeached 
 by the conuDons, and being deemed to be werikerthan 
 the other lords in the; 'ro\'. er, ior tlie same ciiine, and 
 less able to labour lus defence, was purj)0scly marked 
 out to be the hr.-^t l^rought on : hul he deceived them 
 so far as to plead his cau>e to a miracle. 'J'lie three 
 chief evidences against hiu\ were Dr. ()a!es, Dugdale, 
 and 'J'urberville : tl)e fu'^t swore that his Joi'dship had 
 brought him a ct)!mnission signed by the i)Ope, to be 
 paymaster ot the army to be raided against the king: 
 the second, that he liad ohercd him live himdred
 
 ii; .:(M!N i;r.i;i> r.v 
 
 j I !; . !- I., kill the k'.i.:'; ; ;iim! liif tlnr.l, !;,'.( i.f li.ui 
 (,.' 1 1 li Miii :i : .' 'A .sn! iwi' t 111- lii c.iilliil iN ' !. liM ,1 L II 
 (iM'it ii i,t 'i:i!(. .\h(l .-<) I n i! ivc -( t iii:!i'j,!v wtic !:it'V 
 1,1 111! ;ii 1 ol!.'-.' '' iiu'i * \ :.|i i,.-i. ll:;it I, '.\ ;.!) -;il add 
 Lc-p(l nic-'i I 1 i:.< 1; m. i.;tu iin' Isiiuw ii w li it lo I niiik, iiad 
 tlii' w iliH --' ~ I'l 1 :i liii! 1 lie 11 (if aiiv tiiu Ica^t c unlit : bill 
 ilakiM -iirli N\ (, I'r lln i;i '(/' ciciu.-c-, all'l ihilucil cuii- 
 trada ;n;i!- w ImtIi u iia (I to n.v to i i-c t(j\\ ani- tlic lat- 
 t( V ( lal, I'.al ( o:i~ul( 1 iii'j; l:i( iii, an i ttic \(.rv c\il iKiinc 
 ( r t!a |!i ()[ Ic I'liat ^\>.(';(' a'jaiii-l ti.i- lonl, 1 Wii- tully 
 ^a.l! Iit.d mat all wa- niiti'illi liu'V laid to lils Chaiiic" ; 
 [lit tiif I'Oo!' iZ' iii'a'iiiaii wa^ coiidfiniii d i)V a iii.i|(tnlv 
 ol 'J'J. llu hcaial 111- a<'(M;-crs. and (Uluidcd lii.'ii-ih 
 with ulcat -tfadiiiC'- and rc-(diit ion. and ic(:ci.cd his 
 ^(n'Liicf Willi uical I'oui'a'^c and t'oii.po-ui c ; nur did 
 i,c stooj) iK'ncalh tia; w ri'ilil ot' iii^ doom, till he -nh- 
 linttcd ii.< iicad to the h'ock. \\ 1 1 1 1 hi- la-t l)l\'alti pI'O- 
 !('-lin'j . i~ iniiof. r.'jc. ;i;. I tia/cin;! wioi;.; !, .Millcictl. 
 M\- 1 .(;! d Ihiliii i\ \\ a- ( nc I i;.,t i:a\ I hi- V(;icc loi" hini ; 
 and tiic kiii:^ \\.;u ia.aril ah lii- tiial, \\,i- cxlreinclv 
 'oiuaa lie i a.l l.i.' v\'__ ,A\ a;.d ala niitnc-- ol' i:i- lati;. 
 
 ill mi at niv I .'.rd 1 lailila\"- in tlic I); uiiMiiii ol' \)c- 
 cf mi '( ; . 1 d- an I . ( d. \'. iiat w a- t .'uai l'i iici ah\' tii'.know n, 
 tiiat 111- loi d-'ap -al up tor !m -l iinai- tt r ; jo,- 1 ,-a\v 
 tiie 1 rcnrli anhja adcji' (ajnif pruatrlv to mm np'i': 
 h;ii?int->. 1 111- -an..' div liii' coiiina .n- w a i a-vi ; 
 w lial tlu \ \s (jiild d' ' !o! Iia' i\ ii _: a'.a',' -o lOi; : a -;i ; wi 
 I o n o ( 1 1 1 ( ! . a - I o t . a n . a ! : ( I - : > i n , i ,:-',;.;, n r." ' o i ; 
 1.1(111 ila \ \n\i d '1- >.;;- ry^ tii;it t'.i- wo'hd j at 
 mm into a cond a iw.. i .. ^aul la Im n i , i !',' 
 
 a ! 1 1 1 1 - d I 1) I - ; 1 1 u I I ! ^ f h : I ! . ; 1 1 ( j a r o a i . ' , ' a - 
 
 ;dil(' hini to a--i-l mi- , , ' : : < < . o .iii- 
 
 oai-'i tiic diikc ti- ! a . ' :'"
 
 238 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 frequent meeting of paiTiament, and change sucIj ofli- 
 cers about him as the house shouU! pomt out. There 
 were many who believed the king would be tempted to 
 comply ; but, the very next day, seeinL:' my Lord Hal- 
 lifax, he ci,--urcd me there was not the least jtr()ba!)inty 
 that he would, for '' that it was like ofiering a man 
 money to cut oil' his nose." 
 
 The same day the unfortunate Lord StaHbrd came 
 to the house of lords, and was admitted, under a no- 
 tion that he had some discovery, or coniession to make, 
 concerning the popisii plot. ; but instead of that, he 
 only protested his ovvn innocence, and accused Lord 
 Shaftsbury of a corrcsi)ori(lencc uith the papists, and 
 of sending him to the Duke of York, to o'esire him to 
 use his interest with the king to dissolve the long par- 
 liament, as the best thing thatcoidd be done to favour 
 the poi)i.?Ji interest, and so he was remanded back 
 again. 
 
 On the C4-th, 1 was at the kin.g's couchee, when 
 there were but four present: his mcii?sty was in a very 
 good humour, and took up some time in displaying to 
 us the fallacy and eniptiness of those who i)retend to a 
 fuller measure of sanctity than their neighbours, and 
 pronounced them to be, for the most [)art, abominable 
 hypocrites, and the most arrant knaves; as instances of 
 which he mentioned several eniinent men of our own 
 titr.es, nor si)ared to introduce some mitred heads among 
 the )(-!, \' horn he p.ietcndcd to be none of the best, 
 l!i(juuh ihf, ir devout exterior gave them the chai-acter 
 of saints witli the crowd. However, there were of the 
 men, so pointed out, some nhom tlie king had no 
 reason to love upon a political account, which may be 
 pleaded in al)atement of the acrimony ^ji liis censuro.
 
 siK JOHN lii'.Ki.^!;^ 
 
 ?. ;:) 
 
 I U' w a- tii.il iii^iil t\V( full liDui,^ ill ]r.iui.!j oil ni- 
 (loat.'i.-. ami it v'.a'- hall' an !i(i:ir pa-t (;u- l.riw;c iic 
 wvnl to I;(.m1. He- MfiiKMJ to i)C (\u][c tice !Vu:ii caic 
 and 1:<)m!i!(.. tiioui^li one \\oii!il have llion-jlit, at t'ni.-> 
 lime, l.c .'^:;i>tiM iiavc l)f( n ovi rwii'vlmrd liir;c\", it!i ; 
 lor cvciA !)u iv wow i.n.ijiMcd he niu-l cither di-nii-s 
 the [KulM,ncn! in a It -v (ifV-, or delivrr hiin-ell uj) to 
 t!icn- [iiH 11!^ de-iie- ; hnl the strait> he \va> in seemed 
 IK) was- lo Lnioa:i\'.-> liiui, a- I pi-t now ob~ei\ed. 
 
 ( )n lilt: '_(lh, I (hnitl with M\;t (*\e( llent m.in l)r, 
 (i inniii'i, 1)1--'. op o!' l.U' : ti:i lanion.s l)i-. ( )ate.-- \sa- 
 ol' the eonipanv at lahh', and fln-hed \s ilh t lie liioULihts 
 of riinninL; do'A 11 t!ie Duke of \oik, e\pre^-( vl hiui- 
 H'lt'ot' hi.-5 hi^hne.--.- and hi^ lamiK', in terin> l.ial he- 
 ^j)oke him a tool and -omet'.iinj; wor.-e; nor (-(jnlented 
 v\ith tlii-, hnt lie mn-l rail at tin; (jueen, hi- mother, 
 and iKi' iirc-ent maje-tv. In tins .-Irain did he hnri'y 
 (in, wli.lr no >onl dai'ed lo < >[tp()-e him. t'ur I'm;" oi" he* 
 nij; made a [> u l\ :ii liie plot ; lid, i\u loiw r ahle to 
 \>rAV w I'll tiie inndeni e ot ti:e man, I tonl-v iimi to task 
 i"V -leli pnrj'<-e. thai he ihiii^ oi;t ot t!r' :o(jm wilii 
 .-ome ih a:. d ill' hi--i:op t(^lil me liiat - ir!i wa:- the 'je- 
 nerai di;.l ol In- ih-eoM-e, tnat he :.,:d M)nieti;ne> 
 eiieekrd !..ai lof I'lt- indeeee.cv ol" ;:i- talk, hnl lliaL 
 tmdiii'j !' had done il to no mama i' (jt' pwrpo-e, he 
 h.id d( -i-led liom anv t'art!i(a- etlorl t(_) -el hcand- lo 
 jii^ \ i. nhnee. 
 
 On li." 'Jwih, i/M-d S:atloi(j ua- led Im 1:k' iddid 
 ondo->\(r Mill, \sli.af h/ jua-uUd in tnr tiri;,( -I tii'- 
 m.d ot v'.ii.it Wii- I. lid to la- enai'u".. and ti; al m -o eo- 
 'jent, eo;i', iiuan^, and pei-u>i-i\e a m.iiiiu i'. Li il ail tiie 
 ''I ii"hh :- !m liev( (1 hi- \".(iro-, and ^i a s id i,.- d( -lin\. 
 ! ' I ' ' ' ! I ( h I \ 1 d n a d \\ 1 1 a m \ I j id 1 1 d i . ; a \ , w i d
 
 240 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 said to me, " well, if it conies to a war, you and 1 
 must go together." I told his lordship, I should be 
 ready to follow him, happen what would ; but that if 
 the king expected his friends to be hearty in his cause, 
 and steady to his person, he should consider with him- 
 self, and encourage them a little ; and thereupon ac- 
 quainted him with some of my disappointments at 
 court, notwithstanding the most solemn reiterated pro- 
 mises ; and added, that I should be glad his majesty 
 would send me his envoy to some part of the world or 
 other. But to return to things of more public and 
 general concern ; 
 
 On the 4th of January, 1680, the king sent 
 down an answer to the house of commons, sig- 
 nifying, that he still persisted m his resolution, not 
 to disturb the immediate succession to the crown ; 
 which had so unhappy an effect, as to cause the pass- 
 ing of some very violent votes against such as were 
 understood to be the king's chief advisers in ttiis mat- 
 ter, namely, the Earls of Hallilax, Clarendon, Fe- 
 vcrsham, the jMarquis of Worcester, and ^ir. Hyde, 
 since Lord Rochester. Upon this the parliament was 
 prorogued from the lOth to the 20th of January; 
 some tliought in order for a dissolution, while others 
 ])crsisted, tiial the king would suffer them to sit at 
 that lime, and pass the bill. Wailing this day on Lord 
 IJaUifax, he (omnhunetl much of the severity of the 
 coinmons in ihci'; voIq, " that he wa^ a promoter of 
 poperv, and a belrayei' of tlie people," which, said 
 he, were a man ever so innocent, yet coming from the 
 representative body of the people, is too heavy for the 
 sliO'iiders of any one single person ; that he had iheie- 
 i'ore bome thoughts of retiring from court; but llint,
 
 SHI JOHN Ri:Ri:si'.v 
 
 2 it 
 
 however, he would i;(j liis own pare, aiul not be kirketl 
 out at their pleasure, 'i'hat it" lor the fiiliire the kiiv 
 should have occa.-ion for him, in anv ihiuLl tlial was 
 just, he >houhl he reaiiv to seive hini : tiial it" I would 
 re{)Oxe a eonlid-Mice in him, he would let me know when 
 it was time to app(>ar for the king's service, and tliat I 
 should share t'orlunes with hlu), and so on. Jiut, at 
 the same tune, he eomplamed of the fickleness and 
 incLrtitude ot tiie kiny!;".s temper ; and oh-erved, that 
 wiiile he ^cemed perfectly lo approve of the couixmI 
 you nave liim, he hcarkc-ncd to otlu-rs from a hack 
 do(jr, whicli made him wavering of nind, and slow to 
 resolve, 'i'hc next dav I waited on Lord Danby in the 
 'lower, and he >poke, of the king's unsteadiness, in the 
 very self same strain ; and particulaily observed, that 
 though the Duke of York had but lillle influence with 
 him, a.> to what puiely regarded him-clf, the mim,-tei' 
 would find him an Overmatch with hia maiesty, as to 
 any other p/crson or concern. The same day the Duke 
 (d' Xeucintie ttjjd me he was to wait o.n the king the 
 next, and that iie tancicd he would offer him some 
 emplovmcnt, hut that as his majesty iuid not done ;l in 
 belter times, he wtjuld excuse hunself now thai they 
 were so dangerous ; w hicli recalled lo niv inmd what 
 Lord Ilallifax had observed a few days f)efore, tiiat the 
 king's luicerlaiiity and silence, as to wliaL ho pro[)osed 
 to himself, matle men afi'aid to >erve i.un. 
 
 In the mid.-l of this, the citv of London petilu):ii 
 ihe kiuLl, on ihe ljt:i, bv their common council, te)r the 
 sittmg of the parliament, at th(.' time a])puintrd : lo 
 which the kiuLl nridc an^wfr, '' it wa.> none ot meir 
 buHuess ;"" mid it w a- the di>eourse that the parliament 
 would be di,-)Solved. and a new one called lo s:L al ( )x- 
 
 11
 
 24'2 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 ford. My Lord Hallifax seemed averse to this disso- 
 lution, but he only seemed so ; he could, certainly, 
 have no very cordial wishes towards those who dealt 
 so severely, as he thought, with him. My lord was 
 now jealous, that the Earl of Danby would be taken 
 out of the Tower, and received again into councils; 
 which if it happened, his resolution was lo retire, and 
 his advice to nie was, m.t to press for employment, 
 till things were established upon a more solid foun- 
 dation. 
 
 On the l6th, liis lordship told me his thoughts were 
 absolutely to retire, not that he was at all dissatisfied 
 with the king, but that he was afraid the duke's supe- 
 rior prevalency with him, might peradventure carry 
 things too far. In short, every thing now, and for 
 some time to come, was in the most unsettled, dark, 
 and most perplexing suspencc, so tiiat a man scarce 
 knew what to think, or how to behave. 
 
 At length a new parliament was called on the 18th, 
 to sit at Oxford ; whether, being elected a member, I 
 repaired, and waited on the king, who received me 
 very kmcily, I told him, I had it in charge from se- 
 veral gentleriicr\ of our counlv, to acquaint him, they 
 had no pari iii the petition ollered to the knights of 
 thcir siiirc, lo prosecute the bill of exclusion against 
 Lis hi^hn.:ss ; and that the thiii^ had been rnana<ied 
 hill l.)y Six ur Si_\cii factious jjcrsons, though it had 
 ij'ccw iti.ii;:-i!iiOi!slv reported to be a u)ore general con- 
 cern. Ills liiaj'jsiy oHid, lie hail already received sou:ie 
 sh.orl aciuur.t in the saiiie purpose, and ordered me to 
 rUirn liis t!i;.uks to t!;use who did not busy them- 
 selves uieicui. 
 
 The ;;-ii!ia;iicnt Uitt op, the 21st Jt March. The courl.
 
 siK JOHN in: 11 !:sr.\ 
 
 uas al C'lnistchiiicli ; ami llic coiiuiujn- -al in l:ic 
 scliou!-, Iul V rw: vciy niucli >tiait(rirl for kjuid, 
 thctC l)f 1!)'^ ;i \cvy ':;cal ( )IK()tH>(,. nt' Ilirinl, (!-. lli-; 
 jnajt'^tv"-' ^iH'tfh to l)((l!i lioit-i'^ \'> a^ \v\\ 'M'acio':^, ap.d 
 cal('ui;ilc;l t ) r( conc'Lc ;i!l diltcrr; ''i -, ;ii)(l to tlisjuT-c 
 all j<'al()M-;i.'- a- to rf'i^ioii, iVf. l>iit was ^till awr-L' lu 
 wluit lorin. r n:'ri;;iiiu'nl.s nad -o pn-lual a.t, th-j t.\c!u- 
 "lon of iii- i);w!i:c.- fro::! liic luraif an-l power of k'lWS- 
 Ainl yd tiic lir-l point ih iKitcd \\a~, whctiur or no, 
 nulw ith-taiulnij; tlu' knii;'.- -pcci-'n, a hill ot' {(;lu>'.ou 
 i-liouhi not he luuniHl and hron^iit in : hut tor the p;"c- 
 ^(MIt it was onlv voted, tliat the ^eenritv of his nriies- 
 ty's pcr:;on, and ot' the piote-tant reliL!;ion >hould ho 
 taken into ecjii^ideration the COtli in-tant. 
 
 Xot to insist on the iinpeaehine:il ot" Fltzharris, 
 v\hich was done not t(j destrov, hut to >crve him in 
 opposition to the court ; the ^rand ari^ument lor liie 
 hill ot' exclusion was, that nothing C(juid preserve us 
 I'l'om popci'v lint that alone. Now the whole liou-e 
 \^a'- ot" opinion, that popei'V \va> io he k'j)t cjut ; the 
 dispute was onlv a- to the nieau^ ot" etteetinif it. '1 he 
 king had, in In? -peeeh, otl'ertd t(j a^ree to any thing 
 th;it ini^iit scM've to (puet the minds ot" the p( ople a.^ to 
 that [)articular, the uiteT e\ehision ot' his hrother only 
 excejjted. It wa.- tlaret'ore moved hy Sir Thoma- 
 Littleton, that a hill, to --eem-e t!ie piote.-tant reli- 
 2'a;n, sh(Mild he iiroKilht in, ;uid con^i-( ot" the toll(n\- 
 mg hc'iids ; tliat tiiC !)u!-.eol' ^'ork .-hniild eii'ioy the 
 title, and llie Piniee-,- of Oraiv^e e\erci-e the pnwrr. 
 'J"h:it it'a parhamrnl -hoiild he m hciii'i, \\iien il-ho;i!d 
 please' (iodio t;i!<' auay tht,' pic-ml kmi'. the;.' -!:i'uld 
 have power to Ml ; liial llie puhjc-,, and ad diner olli- 
 eer- ot' tlie crown. -':i(;:i',d he con' inuni. idl hhcrts and
 
 a44 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 property were secu'-ed : that if there was no parlia- 
 ment subsisting, one J'iiould assemble of course : and 
 that to prevent the duke's interferinii to prevent this, 
 he should, by the same act, be banished to the dis- 
 tance of oOO miles from England, not to return as 
 long as the king lived. To this it was objecled, that 
 the name and power of king were inseparable by the 
 laws of England ; that the father would soon fmd a 
 way to divest the daughter of her power ; that a re- 
 gency was never known but in cases of lunacy and mi- 
 nority ; and that the duke was not of a turn of 
 disposition to be easily governed. But to this it was 
 replied, that regencies had been frequently allowed in 
 other cases besides incapacity and lunacy, as formerly 
 in France, and now in Portugal ; that princes were 
 seldom so complaisant as to resign kingdoms or powers 
 though to a father; and that as for the authority of 
 parliament in this case, no question but the same 
 power that could alter the government, could also mo- 
 dify it. But exclusion was tiie word : some seven or 
 eight disgusted lawyers, and able speakers, joined by 
 some otliers, who had been so active in this matter, 
 that they thought, should the duke ever come to the 
 crown, he could never forgive them, wrought so pre- 
 valenily upon the members in general, that it was 
 voted a bill shoidd be brought in, to incapacitate 
 James Duke of York, from succeeding to the imperial 
 crown of this realm ; nor during this debate did some 
 forbear to reflect on his highnesss courage and 
 honour. 
 
 On the 2Gth of the same month, the lords refused 
 to receive Eitzharris's impeachment ; observing that he 
 being already indicted at common law, and in a way of
 
 =^iH JOHN iu:hi:sbv 
 
 '24 ) 
 
 trial i)V liis peers, as ma^na cliartii clirccicil, liu'V could 
 not [UTCtivc Ikj'a tiu'ii- iio'.i-^c coiiM take notice ot' his 
 oOi'iicc. 'Ill" coiiiiiioiis lieix'n[)on i^iew ani^rv uiih the 
 lord-, and voUmI tliat such tlieir lordship's procecdiiii^ 
 \va> a ilclav of ini-ticc, a hicach ot" tlie [)rivil^L^e oi' par- 
 liaiiient. and a bar to the fuithci" di-covery ot'the popi^h 
 pl(jt : and that lor anv interior court to pi'oceed there- 
 in, while an iin[)eachinent was depending, was an hii^h 
 lireach ol" the priviL\'c ot" parlianunt. Tne heats 
 izrew, in shoit, to an exce-^s ni both houses, both as to 
 tni'-. and tlie bill (jt" e\clu.-ion. Tlie coniuions, how- 
 ever, were of ojiinion, that the kin^ would give way 
 to thcin, he having already made >ucti advance.^ to- 
 wards their nieasuies, and being in such thorough dis- 
 tress tor monev, be^ldes that luanv who were near t!ic 
 king, urged them to pei>i-t still in their endeavours. JJuL 
 on the 'JSth, the vciv dav the king had appointed the 
 theatre to be made reaily toi" the coinm(;n> to -it in. they 
 having (om[)lanu tl oi the >tr<utiie-s of the .-cnool- ; the 
 black rod came, and comm.tnded th:in to attend at the 
 bar ot'the iiouse of h)rds, where being ct)m<'. tiie kmg, 
 m 111- rcjbo, told them, that ob>erving a Lireat diHerence 
 to have taken place hi i ween the two hou>es, which, if 
 thev >at any hjn^er, mii^ht increase to a pernicious 
 degree, it was his ple.i^ure to dls-olve that |)arliament ; 
 a blow so little t'ore>een, that there were tho-e who 
 tlujiight theie w(juld have been some stirs or ri-inus 
 about it, in London. 
 
 It was now observed, ttrat nianv of the di.-contented 
 members, of both hou>es, came armed, aiul more than 
 usnallv attended ; and it wa- atlirmcd there wa^ a 
 ilesign to have sei/ed the kiiiL:, and to have n -trained 
 bnn till they had granted their petition-. Hut if anv
 
 e46 MEiMOIRS OF 
 
 such design there was, it happened that the parties 
 either wanted the courage, or the opportunity to put it 
 in execution ; the king immediately departed with all 
 speed for London. 
 
 His majesty was so kind as to afford me several op^ 
 portunities of speaking to him, while I was at Oxford; 
 and Lord IlaUifax taking leave of liim, and, in a par- 
 ticular manner, recommending me to his thoughts, his 
 majesty laid both his hands upon me, and thanked me 
 for my constancy to his interest, and bade me be 
 assured of his affection. 
 
 By this abrupt dissolutioHj and what I had heard 
 from Lord IIalliia:i and others, I concluded the king 
 was determined never to rciin(|uish his brother ; as also 
 to call no other parliament for a long time yet to come. 
 The truth is, the question now was not so much, 
 whether the duke should succeed or not, as whether 
 the government should be monarchial, or republican ? 
 some of the adverse side, had, in the house, babbled 
 out, that the bill of exclusion was not the only mate- 
 ria! bill they intended to get passed this session, in 
 order to secure tlie people of I'ligland rrom falling a 
 pr( y to popery, and aibitrary power : tliat it was 
 neces;>;iry the military and civil power too should bt< 
 lodged in other hand.-3, and that the present officers o{ 
 }>o[\\ sliould be called to an account and changed : 
 whence the king being told, that ii' he quitted his 
 brother, it would be but an imuicdiate sle'p taken to 
 ruin all his friends and servants, and to become himself 
 exposed to the will and wibhes of those, wlioin he had 
 no vea.->on to think were over and above aflecled to 
 him, the king dreaded the consequence?, anc! resolved 
 accordingly.
 
 M\l .U}\\\ IIVAWMW 
 
 1 wa- llii'c'C ti'ur- in c.h' w ctk ; lii> di-ri n;, - i m _< "c- 
 rallv u[)oii t!i(; iiiipo^Mbiiil y ot' aiiv lliinu lil.t: the j u; i~ii 
 {)lol, am! tilt' c'()uli;i(Ju'tii/;i,- al' winch it \\,;- n.-.iii(/ up. 
 liiat he intended I ii/harii.i ^il(llild eunie upon hi-) tiial 
 iiiiincdiatelv : that in all afl.iii.-, relatin_: to hiin-(l(', 
 the l:r.\> shcmld ha\c their i^Llidar eoui'M'; and th;;t, 
 whatever hi< own jiiivate opniion nn^hl he, lie would 
 uovefn hv th( ni, and liv iht in onlv : a iiappine^s 
 .Midced it wa- lor \i\^ people, to live under >() 'j(j(;d ami 
 -o L'raeKJU- a prince ! and now- \\c hcjm to ha\'e a 
 ])iu--pecl ot' halevon davs a^ain ; l',r his inaie-tv h;iv- 
 iiiL', ^ince i;;e hi-l parlianieiil wa- di-M;lu d, i-:U( d out 
 a ileelaration tVan^dit witii tiie fairest jironn-ei to lii- 
 people, and a>snrinL: ihcin ot his tiiin intention-- to go- 
 vern inviolahly accordinij; to law, and ti;e like; it had 
 ~o iiappv an c l~u ct, tlial he recei\f d the liianks (<!" l!ie 
 <it\' u{ London, hv tlie hird nja\or, and ot" several 
 countie- and cori)orati(n- in l.n^land. 
 
 In th'' inteiiu), . Alav l) I'lt/liarii-; i^ arraiLinc d, at 
 tiie kini:>-hencn har, where hy In- eoniu :l he iL'Tu-ed 
 [() plead ; heeanse he stood in parlinim nl iin[)eaciied 
 loi" llie crime-, he th( in \\a- to he indi';t( d lor ; tiion^ii 
 the iinpe.n.'hnient specihed no ]Mi'!ieular tici. -on<, 
 \'. hicii the indictine;- ditl. '1 he eon.neil i'ov the kin;: 
 Slid, hi^ plra wa- (j\;!-ive, it not appuirin^^ vTiutiu!' 
 tiie same ciime^ we:\ intended hv tiie oik", a- hv tla^ 
 otiier. 
 
 'i'iii- i)f)iiu r\a-' ar'int d at the har on the 0[h, hut 
 the case heim: quite exlraordinarv, hoth in its own na- 
 ture, as wed a^ hecan-e ol iiie --evere vote ul" th'' (wn- 
 mon- at Oxtonl, the iMdi:"- took time tocon-;deroi it, 
 but iAo dav.s atlerwartU [>: 'noum-i. d md -'.. , ' n . tiie
 
 '248 MEMOIUS OF 
 
 king ; and in the entl Fitzhanis received sentence of 
 death, for his treason, and was executed accordingly- 
 
 On the 7th of July, my Lord Shaftsbury, and Lord 
 Howard, were sent prisoners to the tower; and my 
 Lord Hallifax told me, there would be enough pro- 
 duced against them to hang them both. A short time 
 afterwards, I was, by my Lord Hallifax, presented to 
 the king, in the closet, to take my leave of him, being 
 speedily to set out for Yorkshire: his lordship, who 
 was now become absolute favourite, presented me to 
 his majesty, and spoke to him very kindly of me, and 
 particularly desired him to confirm to me the promise 
 he had some tia^.e ago made to his lordship, that I 
 should succeed in the government of York; his ma- 
 jesty did it very willingly, without the least hesitation, 
 and gave me his hand to kiss upon the same; saying, 
 he was convinced how well I deserved of him. 
 
 On the 12th of October, I returned again to Lon- 
 don, and the next day my Lord Hallifax told nie, that 
 Lord Shaftsbury had written to the king, that if he 
 would be pleased to free him from his confinement, he 
 would engage to go to Carolina, never more to return 
 into England ; but that the king had rejected his re- 
 quest, and determined to leave him to the law. He 
 also told me, that were it not fur the interest the king 
 of France had here, he did not doubt but he should be 
 able to put England into a very happy state and condi- 
 tion in a very short time. That there was no hopes of 
 doing any thing by way of parliament, except his ma- 
 jesty should make some new attempt upon Flanders, 
 and that such an incident miaht be made use of as a 
 iiandle whereby to reconcile all ditierences. 
 
 Such an opportunity offered itself soon after, tliut
 
 siK JOHN iM:iii:sHV 
 
 ii(u> came tlir I'niicli kini: had taken^, Siia>l)iirL^ti ; 
 wiicnby hccDminii inasK.'r of the Ithine, he iin^iit iii- 
 Icrcepl all c(jiun:iinieali(Mi and cuininei'ee Ijelwccn ine 
 Jj)w C'oiiiiliie.s ami (ieriiuiny; ^() that the Neliicr- 
 laiuls woiilci he ah>eliit( ly obl'^n-d to h< iid the knee 
 to I'raiice, ii' we did not enter into a league wilii theni 
 aiiainsl tlie eoniinon advcr-arv, uhieh tliev did nio^l 
 eainr-lly solieit. I'ut uuv kin^ could lend them no 
 helpni'^ hand, without a parlinmenl to >ii[)plv him with 
 nitniey ; and w!)al (h-lie->^ his lu^iesty lahoured under 
 a- [o that \\a> MJtlieii-'nily under^ilood, partieularlv hy 
 I'ranee, w ho (l<t( i nnnco not to ^hp the ailvantaiif ; so 
 tliat w hat niv Loi d ILilhtax expected, Irom such an 
 occinrenee, proved to he all a delusion. 
 
 On the evenin'_[ of tlie liOth of this month, his ma- 
 jc-lv talked to me a urtat while, in St. Jiuucs's Park, 
 and at the l)uciie>s ol I'ortsmoulhs ; his discourse ran 
 ehirtlv upon the late uueijual vcnlicts and proceedings 
 of th<' jinies (f London luuI .Middlesex ; eoneeinnii; 
 which he hroke out into thi> e.\pie,-sion, " it i-^ a hard 
 ' c.i.-*' liiat I am tlu- hibt man to have law and julice 
 '' in t !ie w hole nation." 
 
 ]li> majc">tv went to see a new ship hiiiuclied at 
 I)cptfo!'d: he went in his haiLie, a;Hl I waittd on him 
 to the wutir >dde, hr saw me, and called me in. The 
 gentleman who wa< ap[)oinled to the command of Iki, 
 iave a <j,i"eat tlinncr to the kinii, where hi> maie>tv 
 commauded all the L^cnllemen to sit ilown at the same 
 tahle. lie was ri)orr than usually hciioii- that day, 
 and -eemini^ly undci' a greater weight ot" thou'^ht, than 
 had heen observed of him on account ol" tiic mo-l im- 
 portant huines-. 
 
 (hi the 4th of November, I went to pay a viMt to
 
 Z.jO WEMOEIIS OF 
 
 Lord Danby, still a prisoner in tlse To.vcr ; who, by 
 the drift of his discourse, was not in charity with the 
 then ministers, seemingly reflecting on then] as too fa- 
 vourable inclined towards Lord Shaftsbury, and so on- 
 Two days afterwards I acquainted my Lord Ilallifax 
 with this ; to which his answer was, tliat people were 
 mighty ready with their judgaienis and decisions ; but 
 that if the fact were even as suggested, what could the 
 kinii do better than set him at libeitv ? that he had as 
 good be enlarged upon terms, as by a jury which 
 M'ould most assuredly acquit him were he brought 
 to a trial, though ever so deep in guilt ; and that 
 were he out, he could not do the king so much 
 harm, as such an act of mercy and popularity would 
 do him good. The same day, one of the under 
 secretaries told me, the king was resolved to prosecute 
 him to the utmost, and that there was no uant of very 
 sufficient matter against him. 
 
 Lot before we come to the issue of such his majes- 
 ty's resolution, it may not be nmiis to observe by the 
 way, that my Lord Halifax, being by no means a 
 friend to France, was u[)on no goovl fooling with the 
 Duchsss of Portsmouth ; which gave the king sonic 
 trouble, as'it pioved a hi:;'iranec to the currency of his 
 affairs; wherefore he houghl to reconcile them, which 
 he (lid, outwardly, on ilie COlh ; as for a thorougii and 
 iiearty resolution, it was impossible, their views being 
 in such direet o[)[)0:-iiion to each other as they were. 
 
 On the 23d, pursir-.nl to t:ie king's resolution that 
 Lord Siraftsbnry sijould take his trial, a coimnission or 
 Oyer and Terminer was issued out for that purpose, 
 and the most capital articles of his accusation having 
 been committed in London, tijc jury was there return-
 
 siii JOHN hi:ui:si;y. 
 
 .1 
 
 1 .1 tor lilt riiulliiii of l\n: hill, and li.ou'^li n pi;), r was 
 iM ()iliK'( il, i-oiUaiiiin^ no lc-> than in tltci' of i.iL:'i 
 Irca.-on, which w.i-i j^wurn to h.ivc hctn tound aiiuni:^ 
 the |ia|)t,i>, in his tlo-ii, hv a sccic !arv ol state, vet 
 Mich ueic the ti:iic^, thai the uiand juiv brouL;ht m 
 their vei'dicl /Li-No/\i//i((<. 
 
 On liic JSih. in c.)'a>{ (|iience ol' th's, he wa^ enhirg'.d, 
 h'l! hecan-e liie rabl)h' in thecitv iiad iiihled honlircM 
 on the (hiv the |uiv acfiniltcd liim. the ju-iice^ ol' Lon- 
 do:\ and Midcht^cx had now ,-tiict uieUi'^ to picvent 
 tli(> hke tunmlliioiis duin::'-. Now tiitre were tho?(3 
 wiio, eoii>idei iiiii lic^w nearlv Loid 1 l.iditax w a- rehitcd 
 to !^hait-hui\-, iniai:iii(~d iii^ loi li^hij* was iiol^newd 
 that the latter was no h)riger a pn-onei' ; and indeed 
 wiiat '.natle nie, anioni:; olhe^^, hend a huie this wav, 
 ">a:^ thai wailing on hi? h)i\l-hi[) a httlc ea; Iv, I found 
 one ''i'niv h.Jid Shai't-hnrv's gentlemen with hiin. i]ut 
 hi- lo!-d.-lni) u( nu d it all verv -ciiouslv to nie, and -aul 
 l!(- u (;uld <, e l,;nj; coiivnu-e the world t)t" their inu-take. 
 It hciii^ e^!^'onl;'.:v with the kiii'j, when he retiirned 
 I'loniln- wiilk h^ foi e dinii( r. to di-co.nx: tlie foreign 
 !i:iiu>[ei5, wlio n-naih.' alicnd [o meet hi.i in the anti- 
 ch;i'.i)!)ei'. I:e did il next tia\ (;n t'le -nhj et ui' tiie hard 
 inc.iHne tleall to liini hv ladd Shattsbnrv s jurv ; and 
 It lell l(j my lot to explain .-ivev.d ihinj- in IVench re- 
 lating to the nialter m i;ai;d. A lew da\.T al!',;r\\ ai"d-. 
 (bee. 4j h'.s niaje-tv (h'clarcd liis di^i-leasure agaiii-i 
 the l)i;!.eol MoMinoulii, upon sevcrrd account-, icat 
 e.-[)ec:all\ tor nul Iuividli; ohi'i'ed to he hail I'oi" Mial't-^ 
 hui'.-. 'I he next dav lie made theDul'.e ofKiclimo:,d 
 hi.- ma-lcr of the i:or-e, and gave one oi" iJic rc.Mmc:i;s 
 "1 f>)(ji gnartl> lo t;ie i)n!\c of (ii'atton. And on tiie 
 71.!), the king, to cumplv with tiie nature of the tunes,
 
 252 iMEMOIRS OF 
 
 for it was shrewdly suspected he was not in earnest, 
 sent for the justices of Middlesex to appear before 
 him in council, where he gave them a severe repri- 
 mand, for that they were so remiss in their inquiry af- 
 ter the number of papists, and so back\vard to prose- 
 cute them. He spoke not himself, but did it by tlie 
 lord chancellor, and ordered them to be more vigilant, 
 mindful, and active for the time to come. 
 
 The same day, having been to visit the Duchess of 
 Portsmouth, my Lord Hallifax took me home with 
 him from Whitehall. On the way, I acquainted him 
 that the general report was, that his lordship opposed 
 the Duke of York's interest with the king, and his re- 
 turn from Scotland, which his highness most urgently 
 pressed. His reply was, that it was well if the dukes 
 overhastiness did not turn to his disadvantage ; that 
 his highness had a sort of hungry servants about him, 
 who weic eternally pressing for his return, nor would 
 ever let him be at rest, till, with a view to their own 
 interest, they put their master upon what might prove 
 much to their prejudice. And true it is, ijiat whilst 
 his highness was near the king's person, every body be- 
 iieved his majesty to be princi[)ally swayed and actuated 
 by his advice ; and consequently that popish councils 
 were then uppermost ; whereas he did a great deal of 
 good in Scotland, l)y kfCi)ing a watchful eye over that 
 mutinous kingdom. But the papists, antl others, his 
 highnesses creatures, pretended he was kept in Scot- 
 land that his enemies mig'.it the more easily work him 
 out of his l)rolher's good opinion ; and that the minis- 
 ters miglit have the king all to themselves, and guide 
 him according to their own will and pleasure. Upon 
 this Lord Hallifax observed there was great partiality
 
 SIR JOHN RKRESBV. 
 
 ;3i 
 
 in the jiidiznicnt of luvn ; for that in coiniDon ju-ticc. 
 thcv oiiLllil to luke as iiiuch luuicc of lhiii^> ihat were 
 inana^cd for the ciiikc'.s ailvaiita'^c, as ol what H'caied 
 to he oihciw isc : that, for instance, no hoiiy hail com- 
 iiiciulcd the iniiii-tcrs for pelting the Duke of Uit:h- 
 nuMid to hv' ina-icr of the horse in preference to the 
 Duke of .Momiioiilh ; though it must j)rove a ti;real 
 oh.-tacle to hi.T leturn to the king's person, and th(uii:!i 
 most evident it waa that no greater service eoukl be 
 (htne to his highne-s, than lo keep the Duke of Mon- 
 uiotiih tiou) court. 
 
 Alxjut this time I had a vieu' of goinL: envc)y to 
 Denm irk, hut to wave that, on the 4th ot' Januarv, 
 I'l'^I-C, I carried a gentleman, one Mr. (irant, a 
 leafier of tlie fanatic partv, to wait on mv Lord Ilal- 
 li;".i\. He ac'piainled hit lordship with the ihjuhle 
 (Iciihii'i- of -ome uicat men at conrt against him, \'v!io 
 had hcMi partiCLilarK in-t i umcnlal in f\a.-peratin'i the 
 commons ajain-t him m the late parliament^ ; which 
 ii:\ hnil look a-> a pici-f ot hma icc done, a^ it would 
 put iiim upon i;i- gUiiiil aL'ain-t the same men tor tiie 
 futuic. At the -nil'' time 1 conducted a gentleman 
 to mv loid, to a-k lii- j)ardon tor ^ome things lie had 
 heen I'cported to luive said aL'aiiisl liis lord-hip. In 
 g(jod policv, we ouuht to sutler no man to he our cne- 
 ni\', it we can po-->ihlv avoid il ; hut sucii was ins lorti- 
 iiip"> nut'iial (h-^ix-Hiion, that, in the w hole course ot 
 m\' lite. 1 ne\tr knew a man moie readv. at all times, 
 to toi'give, and -h.dl never torgiH \\\^ e\[)ie-^ioii upon 
 tlii- occa-ion, '* Sir, if von did not sav tiie woid^ 1 am 
 vei\- Lllad ot" it, and even if vou did, I am izl-id vou 
 tmd cause to he of another mind." In a [)ii\aie con- 
 ver-ation I. at the same time, had w iih ins lurd-tnp, lie
 
 254 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 told me, that the people about the Duke of York made 
 him mad ; that there was scarce one of them that had a 
 grain of sense ; and intimated that a parliament could 
 not be far off. 
 
 The next day I went to see Lord Danby in the 
 Tower ; he told me Lord Sunderland was ever railing 
 at Lord Ilallifax, though his brother-in-law ; and ob- 
 serving him to express some salisfaction thereat, I 
 presumed to remonstrate to him, that being a friend to 
 both, I could wish, now that he wa3 a prisoner, he 
 would foii^et all occasion of animosi'y against a gentle- 
 man in such high power, as my Lord Ilallifax ; for that 
 when a parliament should be called, his lordship might 
 stand in need of hi? assistance, and the good offices of 
 his friends. 
 
 On the lllh of this month, the king gave audience 
 to an ambassador from Morocco, who was admitted 
 with more than ordinary form, the king being of opinion 
 that a commerce established between that empire and 
 his kingdom, might prove of considerable profit to us, 
 especially as we had so opportune a place on that con- 
 tinent as Tangiers. The ambassadors present to the 
 king consisied of two lions, and thirty ostriches, at 
 which his majesty laughed, and said, " he knew no- 
 thing more j)r()per to send by way of return than a 
 flock of geese. " 
 
 On the C2d, I iip.ppened to dine with Lord Lumley, 
 at Lord fevrrsham's, when the former declared he had 
 speedy intentions of lesigning his post of master of tlie 
 hoi'se to the fpieen, which he had hitiicrto enjoyed 
 independently of il>e uja^ter of the horse to the king. 
 But it seems the Duchess of Portsmouth had prevailed 
 with the king to alter his {nxtent, and to make him an
 
 SIR JOHN i: rji L>r.v 
 
 ut'ticer iMulcr the Duke of Iiiclmiunil, coiUrarv to his 
 pioiiii.-e. '1 lu' (hii']ie-< \\;i> cerUiinly scjiiuiiiiit- lo 
 hhime, in thiiiLls (jf []\\< ii ituic ; toi" to cli-j.l.iv her 
 |)()\\er with the l\iiiL:, \shich iinletil wa- lireii!, and to 
 c\|)H'.-;s her tiieniUhip to tuine, >he woiihl tjlUMi per- 
 Miade llie kiiiij to break iiis ( iii^aLieiiienl^ witii olheis, 
 whieh was not lor li:- iioi^-);!!'. And vet his niaje.^l-.- 
 wa> not, al liii- time, llionLjhl to l)e eharnied with h i 
 hed. it In ini: Li;enerailv hcheNed he had not kiin with 
 her, ^lucc he w a- at Xrw inai \j t, at K a-t lour inoiilh> 
 helure. I a!-'.) iieanh tin- day, that ee.e of the tliree 
 inini-tei's wa> eiuleavonriDi^ al a reeoiieiliatKjn with u 
 i:r('at man w ho >\ a- iiM iViend to my L(;id il.dhlax; 
 and immediatelv wainiie^ hi^ lord5hi[) thcreoT, he 
 fh:inked me, and loid mc the i!dorinali(Mi wonM be ot' 
 ^o(h1 u-e to him. 
 
 ( )n ilie 'J^lli, we !iid aijviee thai infinite damaL'c 
 ha i hetn duwc U) i '-u nd, Ai;' -a c i'p, and tlie eireuin- 
 adjaeeiu'k-, l>v the inn.-t. dicani'id inundation tiiaL liad 
 evei- l,cen ioun\ II. dun lluhand had snlVeia^d most 
 lti'(Mhi:iou-lv bv li. i\')'>f\, t!ial the ^.-e'.ile-l part (>!''/ a- 
 land w a- ue.der wa'er, and that -' vviA towns and vil- 
 lage- iiad been -wept away with ah tiieif inhabitant^, 
 and l!;at, aeeordni'j; to eoin[)ntat.ini, il wouKi reipiii't, 
 an e\;)e!iei; ol' 1; ;i miiia/n^ -[( i .mi^ 'e> make L^ood lii.* 
 1(.:--. d lie U-V(ls al-o iu \ Dfi.-iiire a.nd Lnu'ohi^hirc 
 w( ic i.iul iridi'i \\;i:i r bv tiir 'aiiic late ; the mee^-aiit 
 lai;i-i i)\ tiil^ .-! a (ill na\i!i'.' bet u t!i;' >' ei-t thcri:;,;'. 
 
 .And now liie ij'.ial point in tn n 'i'!,il luii \\,i>, v.'...'- 
 t!i(;:' tiiei-c \\(;!ili| b'' a paiiiameti: ' ,.iied o[- ii-i;, th(, 
 '!iin;-Iei-- ot' ^tatt; bt nej di\i(U'd a> to t!ie tin::.,. .M V 
 l.oid llallitav aii'icd, liial .ill eli; >te.i(hi:n \' '- de.-i- 
 ''jij- ot' it, IVnii-'' oniv I ,\et],!( ,1, ,id I;m' iKniillli
 
 256 IVI EM OIRS OF 
 
 could be offered to discountenance it at home, but the 
 fear they might touch upon high points, which if they 
 did, his majesty might dismiss or dissolve them, just 
 as he pleased, and convince the world that it was their 
 fault and not his, and evince that he endeavoured to 
 give his people satisfaction by the means of frequent 
 parliaments. That if the king and the parliament 
 agreed, his majesty would thereby gain the grand 
 points of being united at home, and formidable 
 abroad. But some, as Seymour and Hyde, were 
 against the motion, more for their own sakes, than any 
 body's else. 
 
 On the ]'2ih of February was perpetrated the most 
 barbarous and audacious murder that almost ever had 
 been heard of in England. Mi. Thynn, a gentleman 
 of 9000/. per annum, and lately married to Lady 
 Ogle, who repenting herself of the match, fled from 
 him into Holland before they were bedded, was set 
 upon by three ruffians, who shot him as he was going 
 along the street in his coach. This unhappy gentle- 
 man being much engaged in the Duke of JNIonmouth's 
 cause, it was feared that party might put some violent 
 construction on this accident, the actors therein 
 making their escape just foi' the time, and being un- 
 known. I happened to l)e at court that evening, 
 when the king hearing the news, scenied greatly con- 
 cerned at it, not only tor the horror of the action it- 
 self, whicli was shocking to his natural disposition, but 
 also for fear the turn tiic anticoiu't party might give 
 lliereto. 1 left the coin^r, and was just stepping into 
 bed, when Mi', 'iliynn's gentleman came to me to 
 <irant him an hue and cry, and immediately at his heels 
 comes the Duke of Montague's puge, to desire me to
 
 siij .iniiN i;r,i;r>i',\ . 
 
 ((KiMj to liiiii at Mr. l..\:;'i- liM.'iP.i, -i !;il: i^ 1:1-; 
 
 CO.icil t"lM- inc. Willlll 1 llMil.' I:-" r.'. .!r,w'i',:' 1 
 
 tilcrr Inui'.d iii> !'r,ic(' - II T'I'.i'kK (1 witii m'.^i;! iM.d- 
 aiid LiciuicMicii, Mr. 1 ;.v ;.i! l:!ti,ii-, : :; ! .Mr. i:i\ii;i 
 liiiii-flf mortall'. \".()ma!('l v\:;l; I.'/c iiol !'.(i;!i a M;:.i- 
 cUi li;i--. I oil ;Ii-' -[)t)t '^; ;'. '.ili'.l -(\ t: :i': \\ wv.'W' - ::'ia;;:-l 
 p(M"-()i!- -u-prctril lo l.a\c !. '^i a '.iuiaI 1!,, f/'n, and tlui! 
 iii^iil L!t't -ii'iic iiiU'l'.iLi :; Cdii , lu: _: '.'..r actoi's 
 lliciiiM'Kt.'--. .\' I'.'ii.ith, !)', I'h' iiir'/i-n:,!'i'-.! dt" >i ci' iii- 
 iini!, \\h;) had cariK d (iiir t.\\' t'.i- i;i!!;;n~ l!'':ii iii^ 
 l(^i^:ll^at \\'(-!iniii-'.cr to tiic I'tla k !'a!I. li.irr to 
 take liDix', and i)V uhmii- ol a loo-r \'. omaii. wi.o ii-ed 
 \(.) vi-it the -aiiu; pc'l'ajii, l!a' con-la! ik- iu:nd out tkc 
 phicc (d ii!> a'hodc, an-! tl.cic look ii;- man, l>v nation 
 a Swci'c. \\\\() In n;-^ I)I'(hil;!iI lictorc inc, con!c--( I 
 iilm-'.ira -; l"\a'.it to a (i;'rn*.a;i captain, who liad told 
 him he h>id a (in, or' ! w ilii .Mi". '['[] i.!>. a.nd. h:.d t,t'tcn 
 ordiK (1 hnn to wa'.cli !a- coach : nid 'duit j ; :!': ic.ila! Iv 
 thtl (kis' li'C <'apl;on no -o .1.. i- i.n icr-loo,; ti.c i.-''':[c\: 
 
 t(J kc 'jonc h\-. I|,.i! 'i' h (OiCil 1.:;].' , ;: d w . ', I ^^ ( / 
 
 (Khca'-, a !^' > ''iii .. ht : Unan' ' 
 
 iio;'-> ! i (ck. a i. 1 . r,. . ; d.;V. I M : i( ~I o! 
 
 Ml-. d'.i\ nn. L . i; ' ( ivan'. I ai-,- i:nd. i-ldod, 
 
 W hcif^ po--:o' V t , :r (.:,:: n ; i, ' ' - - Co :; j ;.;:,: 
 
 wvvc to hi' 1'.) ;ii! ; ,i\ ' ' h.: . it' M .,: 
 
 mcnth, 1 . , ' 
 
 hon-( - 
 
 ha\ ii'Li ' a ;n ci' . : - < 
 
 t i I c ( ; r 1 : , , : n 1 : 1 t h c . ; ! 
 
 ic,- i:, :,!-. i -,,. ,. ' 
 
 (.-'(! .[::d..ni:!. ' :
 
 25S MEMOIRS OF 
 
 son, committing him to two constables. 1 wondered 
 he shonld make so tan}e a submission, for he was cer- 
 tainly a man of great courage, and appeared quite un- 
 concerned from the very beginning, though he was very 
 certain he should be found the chief actor in tlic 
 tragedy. This gentleman had, not long before, com- 
 manded the forlorn hope, at the siege at Mons, when 
 but two, besides himself, of fifty under his command, 
 escaped with life; and, in consideration of this ser- 
 vice, the Prince of Orange nrade him a lieutenant of 
 his guards, and, in reward for tbe same, the King of 
 Sweden gave him a troop of horse : but to insist no 
 farther on this, his two accomplices also were taken, 
 and brouglit to my house, where, before I could finish 
 the several e>:ou]iiialions I had to go tlu'ough, the king 
 sent for me to attend him in council, for tliat purpose, 
 with the jjrisoners and paj)ers. His majesty ordered 
 me to give him an account of the proceedings hitherto^ 
 as well with regard to the apprehending of the pri- 
 soners, as their examination, and then examined them 
 himself; and when the council rose, ordered me to put 
 every thing into writing, and in form, against the trial ; 
 which took me up a great part of the day, though I had 
 got one of I he clerks of the council, and another justice 
 of the peace to assist me, both for the sake of dispatch 
 and my own security, the nicety of the alfair requiriiig 
 il. as v.i!l, in the scfiucl, appear. 
 
 On the L)lh, the council met again, among otlicr 
 liiina-, to examine t!ic governor of you!]g Count Co- 
 niimsmark, a young genlleman then in Mi". I'ouberl's 
 acadeuiy in Lor.don, and sup'posed to he pi'ivy to tJie 
 murder. Upon this occasion, the king sent for me, to 
 attend in council, whcie the said governor confcsfjng.
 
 <^li: JOHN" i;i:i.;i>i;'i 
 
 c-y 
 
 t;i:il tin' cIlIcSI C'duiiL C'cliilii: ;;i,il ;., \. mo :.,'.i! In (, h m 
 f\ii^hi!i(l some iiion'h^ iicluic, ami in nit; i;:- addii --.^s 
 to liiL- huiv \' Ik; >o unrorlunatclv itKUi.rd Mr. 'I'l.vnu, 
 un"i\C(l iiK'OLjiHtc) ten ilay> I'ctbro tiic .-aid murder, and 
 lay (li>^iii-ed liil it \va> conuiiiltcd, '_;a\c '_:rcal i-au-c to 
 .-uspcct tiiat the eoiiiit \\a^ at the hottoni of this 
 liloodv affair ; aiullii^ iiiaje-tv ordered iiic tliereupoa 
 to '^o and search liis iod'j:inL:>, \\hi(di I did \\itli twcj 
 eon-tahlts, lait the hird ua- llown; he went awav hi - 
 tiiiie.-i in tlie uioiannL! ol" the dav al'ter !k' ilicd v.a-: 
 j)( rpctratcd ; ot'wlnch I ininic diate'v ;ja\c tla; kin.' an 
 aeeunnt. 
 
 I se',ei\d times afterwai'd- attended on tin; kin<_r. 
 holh in private and in counc;!, Irom time to tinu\ to 
 U;i\e liiui inlormalion, as iVe'^ii matter ocewri'ed, or ap- 
 peared : and upon the whole it was discovereti, parl!v 
 \r: lii;' (i(nK.-~ion ot" tne parties eoneerned, and [)arllv 
 ov t;:e inh)i'mation otOthcrs, that the ( icu'man ea[)lain 
 iiad \i< L\\ for fiuht vear- an nili.nate witli Coinit Co- 
 nin_;-mark. oni' (;f" the create',- 1 .): n in t;ie kingdom ol 
 Sweden, iii- iinrle hein^ al ;!;;t t in.: u;ovL'rn(M' ol' Wj- 
 liicrania. and ne.ir upon n:ai';\ nej; the kiiiL', - an:; I ; 
 ;ind in(M'< over li.at durmi!' t,;o L;;;ie la.' wa.- in l'n_hand 
 hefore. la.' had made \n> addre-.-e- to I. -ah.- ()j!e. t!i'.: 
 onlv daii'ii)ter and laare-'i of I'le \..\y\ of Noiiiinaihi:- 
 l.m I, who had hec !i niarrud t) the dece i-ed .Mr 
 I nynn, and that tin; ^.l)d. co;;!'.;. ha^.l rvj'-en'.'d -onie- 
 liaii'j; a- >in a!]r(jnt from M\\ 'i\.'.r,e. : li,,;' t' e rip' hn 
 iiio\(d Ihr ri.lo on t of paie fii'nd-hip ;o tiie coiint 
 ihoni^li not at all uitii h:- js:vit\-, a< pie!- edi'd. had 
 det( rmnvil \\it!nn ii:n;-;f lo rr'\ce;_" ii;-; cm-e, :ind 
 tiial in ( 'i\\'{ i|'ien <' o, ^;e .'i iii- re o! ni'in lie ineiaica" 
 ii li'pt lied ; ;l appeurt. d >d-", t .at .-le-'n in- e^n- '. lie-r.'n
 
 'zGo i\jEMoiiis or: 
 
 was furlhcred by the assistance of the Swedish lieute- 
 nant, and the Pole who had been by him obliged to 
 discharge the blunderbuss into the coacli. 1 was ex- 
 tremely glad thai in this whole business there vvas no 
 Knglish person directly or indirectly concc ncd ; for 
 the fanatics had buzzed it about that the design was 
 chiefly against the Duke of Monmouth ; so tiiat I had 
 the kings thanks nK)re tlian once, the tlianks of my 
 Lord IJallifav, and several otlu?is, for my diligence in 
 ti'acing out the true springs aiul motives of this horrid 
 action, as well as the actors tliemselves. The Duke 
 of ?iIonnioul!i had been out of the coaci) iibove an 
 hour, and, by the con!".'f:si;)n of the criujinals, T found 
 they were not to have made l!ie aaem[)t if his grace 
 had been \\\[\\ ^,Ir. Tlivmi. 
 
 r\[ean v.!;i!e it was ;:U^-;)ec!cd that Count Conings- 
 mark was still in the kin.!;diom ; ip.d search iieing uuide 
 after him, he was met uith alone in disguise at Graves- 
 end, bv a servant cf t!ie Duke of Alonmouiirs, just 
 as lie was step'piug out of a sculler, intending the very 
 next (kiy to embark on board of a Swedish bhi[). Be- 
 ing brou<ilitu[) to iowu, the kinLj inimediateiv called an 
 extraordmaiy council lo examine him. 1 was present 
 uixjp. this occasion, and observed ih.at he appc'.;rcd bc- 
 ibre the king wish ail tlu; assurance imaginable. He 
 was a fine person ol' a man, and I ihink his hair was t!ie 
 loii!.;-- :-t I e\(r LSiw. lie wa.s verv (|uick of pa.i'ts, but 
 his examinaii'ui \v;;s verv superticial, Ibr whicli iTa'H)n 
 lit; was i)s' t;;e Iving and council ordered to \)v, \.,r ^ime 
 dav, exauii'ird bv t!:e I^u'd chief jii-lice, ike atloiau'y 
 general, r.:id u)\>Hf, [)ul lie (;):d'e^scd rio'.k.'iiLi; of the 
 murder, picKMKhng f'.e lea-on '.'I'lV lie hiv at tiiis imic 
 cenci aitd, to bo thai kc \\ as tlicn under care for a
 
 sii; jo: IN i;!;i;l>^.^ 
 
 C'U 
 
 -^ii! ill veiKMcal (li>i-t( r, ami C'l linl :\vv (o aopciU' m 
 
 I hi:. Ill-, till tlic com -f (i| ill- ]i, r -i ; 1 [ill' 111 w ;- owr ; ami 
 (iiat 111- l:(;ii;_[ au ;iv m ti,-'^;ii* a lit i' \'..r t.n I w .'. - (-(mu- 
 in;tt('(l, w ,1- iiv I'lH' atl'v ;.' of !i H 11(1-, wiio [u\t\ him it 
 \\ (Mild ',(.[] ,[ oil i.i n .;.). !i I i( I)!- l.r.ow :i \.v w a- ni I .m.:;- 
 land, w iicM ail iiilima!(' ot i.i- i:il .rue ! irai, r -o \ lolciit 
 
 II >;i-i)icioii oi" ii,ivi,"j; ! ai i ;'( d -o i^lai'k a (A'(^1 ; and 
 ti.a.l he ("i'i. a\ omi d !o i;: .!vC ;;:- c'M-a|c, iiol hii()\>. iii'j; 
 h(!'.\- !ar the L.w - ol' i hi- hi:,d i::,ht toi tirit \c\\- ira- 
 ^oa i[i'.o!\!,' : 11!; .11 lla. ;::;'.!. III.! hi ii'.'j; at \[.v kmi:"- 
 ( ('icn I' na !;,i' 'J I -!, 1 I t !(( :\ ( d h\ h.- Ii::; ic-! ' "- dlri- 
 ((jin.-c, ih., [ he \\ ,!- w ihi ,'.^ I he I'oiM :,oiil i v.c^ ';li. 
 
 ( )ll I ho 'Jf !; ;i. M til-. ; -. luh; i l who i,cj,! I 'u- ar.ldfiilV 
 
 III Loiidoa, ca;:,.,' a;,d (' - 1. '. d a,o ;o pa ; him m a w av 
 how to -a\r C'oual. C'oiiiii_-marlv - hie, la auMli:!'^'; to 
 ii;c. (hat a- ho \\a- a in la ol \:ol loi Imu', he COldd Ilol 
 Iir.ikc a i a 1 1(1' i.-c (d 1 1 I li.iii to i: | 'po; t hi- o\'. m miio- 
 (a ':i(;o, and - : i a. i I !aa :-( . I I; oai ! ao i (|.:o i il t iir law. m ;i. 
 .-tlMiij,!' coaii!:',-. I lold ! aia laat il' li. ' roam \\a- 
 
 1 rah \ imioia a!, t h. ! l'.\ -^ o'h | i m; i;;- , ;'.. ;!C p; i', i.m;. ;,s 
 
 maihi tlaaij, i a !oi ( iL laa' a - :l i.c \\a- a. aa, luc; hat 
 .. it iiO oa ,. i lo ho . :aiia:' :.o\\ h'' a. .h.' aa\ ol.i r- to 
 j I \ ." I pa - a : ; > ,v t a . i !. 1 1 \\ i a a t o i >. : ; h a> a M m a ii o 1 
 hoaoar in-, caa iiia -. ai-t' ad ot laaiij, '.loa; to he hi- 
 lVi(ari-. J hi- v\ a- oa" ol' l;.o ii; 1 h: a.' < \ \ ilac o\ I'l" 
 oiUaad to mo, \\:,i ai 1 aa'_:,.' iia'.o ::rc>. p!' d witaoal. 
 an\' (htiij'a ol di-i'- a.ai . . aiiii ','>i'haal doaij mm'h lor 
 it: hat i!j\- opinaai aa- aa.\,i.> la a t!.al what i- -o 
 aai pia ad i- la adUit a i 1 t ) I ai r -tta'i a la! i' 1 1 ai r t ao 
 (Mii-c ol' It- \\a.-!'a a''' oidiiij; to ! aa -avia-. M U' 
 j).!rt<i iitalc ii{ L'.'iK n . u r : I i .'ac; a^ i'.;',-'i' I tli:- aia\- 
 a- 1 had doaa (,l:,, ;- \v ^^a , ,aid a I :. ; ' 1 -'.aM 
 alw a\ - du lui' iht' liaa t i a a.ta
 
 261 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 Bills being found at Hick's Hull against the three 
 murderers ol" Mv. Thynn, as [)rincipal, and against the 
 count as accessary ; they the next day njade their ap- 
 pearance at the Old Bailey, where, after a trial which 
 pasted from nine in the morning till five in the after- 
 noon, and a very vigorous prosecution on the part of 
 Mv. Thynn's relations, the three were brought in 
 guilty as princir/als, and the count by the same jury ac- 
 quitted as not accessary; it being per mcdktaian lin- 
 L>;uce, according to the privilege of strangers. I was 
 the lirst that carried the news of this to the king, who 
 ocemed to be not at all displeased at it; but the duke 
 of 3iIonniOuLh"s party, who all appeared to add weight 
 to the prosecution, were extremely dissatisfied that the 
 count had so escaped. 
 
 On the 10th of March, the captain, and the other 
 two, his accomplices in the murder of ]Mr. Thynn, 
 were, pursuant to ihcir sentence, hanged in the street 
 where they had perpetrated the crime. The captain died 
 without any the least symptom of fear, cr offering at 
 the least glaricc of rctkction on Count Coningsmark ; 
 and seeing me in my couch as i:e passed by in tlie cart? 
 he made a bow to me with the niost sleadv coimte- 
 naiice, as he did to several of Uie spectators lie knew, 
 before he was turned off; in short, his whole carriage, 
 iVom the hrst moment he was apprehended, to the last 
 ihat he resigned his breath, sa\oured mucli of gal- 
 lantry, but i;ot at ;;H of religion. 
 
 Having thus coiicluded the hisLory of ihis remark- 
 able transaclion, I shall only, by the way, observe that 
 I was soon after apjjoinled governor of \'ork, in onpo- 
 -itiun to a strong and potent interest against riic. On 
 'he yth of May, I had a very long conversalion with niy
 
 SI!; j()ii\ i{i:iiisi5v 
 
 'j>.i 
 
 UOoil iViciul iliC I'.ai I of Ilallilax, w ho coMtiiiucil -tcaciy 
 lor a parlianicnt ; aiiil cxpiH -^rd h:i;>(il' ni (j|>inion, 
 ihal tiic diiki' had 'jai.ud no ^irat a- ciidaiit. (jvcr ihe 
 i'.iiii:, hv his hilc joiiincv into Ihi'jKind. lioin u hence he 
 \^.l^ now upon hi- letmii to Scolhuid ; u jouriiev quite 
 (h^al,Mee^d)le even to the kin^\cn\n tViend- ; and indeed 
 he was ehictlv j^ersiiaded to it hy lu-. .-ci'vants, w lio 
 L[anied I'V hi-^ heinii !i('i"e. 
 
 Tiie next dav eanie new.-, that hi> hii:hne>s had l)ceti 
 1:1 ;.^!eal (hinder ot" heinj ca-t awav in hi> vovane hack 
 to (he iKKlii. t!ie ship he was in ha\'in'^ sti'uck upon 
 ^ ai mouth >ands, ai^d that a m'eal nunibei' (;t' t!ie pas- 
 -engers had been h)-t, a jtiece ot' news thai was at fn"Sl 
 eontfadicted, hut in a ihu' or two Cfjiilu'ined hv a par- 
 tieuhir account, that the CJloce.^ter, a tliird I'ate, in 
 \\ii!ch the Dijke ot' ^ ork had einharked for Scol- 
 hintl, liad actuahv suliered -hipwreck uixm ona of 
 ^'arnioutii sand-, caMed the Lemon and Oar; and that 
 the (hda'. witii ai)out an l(i() peison- were ^aved : 
 ainoni: iho-e li'i'it pei'i>iied were tiue Lord- O'lJnan, and 
 i!o\horouuii, and .Mr. ilvde, i.o.d C iai'cndon'i 
 hrot; er. 
 
 W'aiiiu'i on iiiv l.ii\(\ Iladil'.ix, on the '1 2d ol" tiiis 
 niontii, lie Icjhl nie tu.it the (kiv liel()i'e, t)euiLj Sinidav, 
 tiie Duke ol Ah^uuKjuih ( auie [o inui :!l';er pi'aver-, 
 and asked him it 11 wa- true t:i;'.L In- h)r(L-U!p, a.i was 
 rei)(Uted, had ud\i-cd tiic km^ in councd, to is-u.'ouL 
 a pro( lamation to torhid c very hodv Iroui keepniL: hiui 
 companv : and tiial he had an-were(h t::al he wa- not 
 f^hh^f d to satr-:'v hun, v, uetlier he i.ad -o ad\i-td lus 
 maje-tv or not ; and lliat t'le (hike irjihcd tceir v\oild 
 he U() uec(i ol a prochimalion \u pie\ciit luui Irom 
 inpnii lus lord-iiip c.imiuinv, and i:iai in aiKjth.ei'
 
 '^G4 ^lEMOIRS OF 
 
 place he would have said niore lo him, and so went 
 awa}'. 
 
 It must, be by all corires?cd thai his grace in this 
 acted a very imprudent part, for he must needs have 
 known that his thus rjnestioiiiii^ a pi ivy councillor 
 concerning advice given by him at the board, would 
 sound very liarsh to the king : and, on the other 
 hand, if his inteniioiis -vvcrc icaHv for a quarrel^ he 
 might have chosen a more jMOpcr place, and have said 
 more, or nothing at :dk I ofiered lo ^ervc his lord- 
 sin p u'iiii my hie upon this occasion; i)ut he was so 
 very good as to say, that if it came to a neecssiiy of 
 that sort, he would nrake use of sDinebody he did not 
 esteem so much ;i3 he did me ; !)ut thai, ho'.vcvcr, he 
 did not tiiink iiimsclf obliged to fight upon thiit ac- 
 count; though he sliould ever l>ere:!dy to defend him- 
 self while lie wore a suor/i i)y his side. 
 
 I'he next day a eou.ncil was iicld at Hampton 
 Court, where, as soon as it uas up, his lordsiiip tcjld 
 VAC an order had been passed lo this elkect, " that 
 ' uljcreas the Duke o'i .Monmouth had liCen guilty of 
 ' some threalciuiig speeches to a n;ember of tliat 
 'board, in rckiiion io :^om( iliing ottered to ins ma- 
 ' jesiy in council ; his m;iie^fv considered t!ie same as 
 'an umnamii'i ly in^oleecc te\,ai(!s hiaiself; and did 
 ' iherelbre ch.irge all iii.> servants, and ail nuchas had 
 ' depep.;lei)ce on him, not to keei) comjiany v.iil;, or 
 ' ireciMcnt the said Duke of AIoe.niouLh lor the tune 
 ' to eoujc. 
 
 1 had a cnifereiice widi my Lord llallifax on the 
 
 " oi' Ju ic, wi'r'rein i (juocrved to hnn, tliat he was 
 
 ()() jViii.k an. I <Si' a with stune m bu.-ine-o with hnn, and 
 
 itiiers, Avlio were .\el! in the kmg'.-j fa'. oiU', and
 
 ^U; .1' \\\ U\M\.^\'.\. 
 
 '2'i') 
 
 l:i.l! t.K'V 'JflUTailv l.ttr.lVc'O lllIU : ;ill 1 tir-i;i'.i |,|;ii to 
 !.i ;-j) hmi-cll' 1:1 Tc \'> iiiiii-:'!!' il' p()--il!i'. lii- to'.il 
 i!;t' lie w.i- \'( IV -. iMiil;' I'l llir triilii aiiil l.iijiu l.iii''i^ 
 ol'wii.il I ^,inl. iiat cw;;;;;!;;';]. tM>>. 1'.. ro!ll 1 i:)la\(j|'.l 
 iiiC ticciioai I ceil Ira'.a' ii !:i liic (.rii'M' ot l-n-iiK-s, 
 aav! Ii(;j)i.\i 111- ia!;\aaiv \'..);li.i ^ap.i.at laai. Al lii;s 
 iKSK' ilC IH'.C 111!' (i :..(; ia;;- Ik (W la ixaiaW 111 t :.c iioith, 
 liat liuv \'. CI ( -ucji a- in coiraiiuii piiiitical jxaulcncc 
 ill a-t \ic I.. at' r-iijijaa --< d. 
 
 Aiai i;a'.\ I iciaiM ta iiiv ^tivci nan nt ol \ ori^, 
 \\ .ii , '., laoa :a iii,iii\ 1 1 a ii^a;'! ma- u ( ir ji. l n\' I't ijiai k- 
 iiMc, t'ic\' arc ol laa |Mi\ il'' aini 1 1 a : lliailar a iraliaclo 
 lie la :i' craiin(a ai( '1 ; 1 -.a.ll Luia/torc oiilv oti-riya,', 
 liial t a' cil\' 111' ^ orlv 1. al i 'Cii iiiorc iiotial lluui iiia-t 
 jiiart - 1:1 I alalia 1 1(1, li.r li.i' ai ;Li!;t aaa v a ; a!<, iicc ol' lar- 
 t,"ii. (lilt \l,\\ ai'Ka- I liail \>cr\\ tlaac ^aam lrai(\ lla 'iii^ 
 .-> ava a! 1 a \' ; ; . - 'a I'a .aa to a'i la ((' ol I !)tar w aiaiilii. I 
 ( a_: 1 J. il 111', -I 1 1 111 -oa,.' |i;a\ .ila ai-iaia. -c w illi Mr. Al- 
 ( il ; !:aii lia ai-(i( a , 1 a ; a < I 1 , aa -t (At raoraaraiv ol I iiC 
 
 w aola liataiau".. aial 
 
 \ ! a a 1 1 a. I 1 o a a 1 1 lac ( 1 a 1 1 - 
 
 j:i r [:.v\ \\<a'a 111, 11 [[/ \ (lid n'>' -ai '.v saa;a ^aca iy 
 -ian~ ol !( aioi-c ;ai i i, jaai! aa'c \<iv t'a . / toiaiua" Uc- 
 aavaai!'. t.,.it !:a r aia-- nl Ian ell - : a^ia ol (laaa'-; 
 i"oiaa;.M(i! iijoii .(al iKaai-ioii-, [\i/. l\\ t lal liaay 
 i.iiii -o ^lli II [)( I -1-; . (1 la liar; c:; la-" of >ua!i iia aiaa; - 
 a- tla.v kia w lo li <|iii((' u; :;i,ii -lal to l!,c kill,; in 
 lliat. tiay liad -o !i r ;i I 011 ) 1 \ 1 a a. id tiif l)uk(-' (a' 
 ^ (M'!x \". a( 11 no pa-- ' ! 1 ., on ai 1 laar (a !\ . la !a- w a.v (o 
 Scot kind ; aial in 1 a 1 1 Iia \' li al pat 1; p )ii: d loi" a pai i la- 
 in' nt. lait IK V( I' a a n :( -{(! or a niioi red ; kat tna i al a r 
 all lie w a- all aid t n( ir ol: . aia'- w <aa' i^ ) 1 n- a a 10 a- lo 
 kc jKii (kaaal. ii|)o 1 a caai ak rat i^ n |c - k , , t 'ic - ar- 
 '' lu'ar ol t:,i n c .ai l' l", wiiicn th"\- i\.<\ laal .'aiov'. Iio'.y
 
 ^y MEMOIRS OF 
 
 to ihjnk of. 1 then asked him what he lliouglit the 
 city might be persuaded to do by way of some atone- 
 ment : to which he answered, tl;ey niiiriit be brought 
 to do three things, if they might be accepted. First, 
 to lay aside Alderman Tiiompson, a pcevi-h anlimo- 
 uarchial fellow, to whom it fell of course to be lord 
 mayor the next year, provided his majcsly would, by 
 letter, command them so to do. Secondly, to chusc 
 a new hicrh steward, and to olTcr the honour to his 
 royal highness, in lieu of the Duke of Ikjckingham, 
 whom they would put out, or in case his highness 
 should refuse it, to his Lordship of Ilallifax ; and 
 thirdly, to elect better members for that city, when 
 occasion should offer. These three things, he said, 
 vere feasible, might they be thought sufiicient. 
 
 I immediately gave notice of this our conversation to 
 my lord, now ]\farquis of Hallilax, who, on the 22d of 
 August, sent me for answer, that thougli he approved 
 of the setting aside of Thompson from being lord 
 mayor, he could by no means think it safe to venture 
 the king's letter upon it, to the corporation, except 
 the siicce3s of the attempt were actually certain ; and 
 especialiv as things were in so very fair a way above, 
 j)articularly with regard to the (juo xairi'iailo against 
 the city charter, which, if it succeeded, every other 
 corporation wo'dd be obliged to truckle; and tliat 
 should the king's letter meet with the proj)osed elTect, 
 it would rebound hack again upon the court, and be 
 an encoiiraivement to tlic oilier party. 'J hat as for 
 their chusing his highness to be their hi<:^h steward, he 
 judged it improper and unht upon many accounts ; 
 and as for himself, he was willing to j)Ut himself upon 
 i.hc issue of what they ])ro[)osed, |)rovided it did not
 
 sn: JOHN im:iu>!'.y. 
 
 V')7 
 
 -i:cm to be lii-^ <)'\ ii iciiue-t, ;inil thai il ^liOnKl upijrar 
 lif hinl a c()^^!^!c^a!.!!' n uiilx r of iVic'.id-^ :'.ii.l \\(11- 
 \\ i-li'TS llarciii. llmiiiih li.c c\(.iit it-cli" .^hcjuM nol aiir 
 tucr: :i\\vh wastlic Mili-tar.cc oi \\i.>it lie rii'.ii;t; ci. 
 
 ()\\ ti)!' HUh ot' .'aiuiai'v, li'^J, l.i- l'ji-(i>iii|) idvi.-cd 
 iiic to (.'omi-' [n LoiuioM, uiicrc iio had ^omc lliiii_;- to 
 ted i:a', w iiic li il would !)C iiioii- proprr tcj coiiiiiuiiii- 
 f.ilc near at hand, tiian at siicli a di^taiici'. In conii:- 
 i>u:iic(.' of which I rc[)aii'(.'d to our cap.tal the moiUh 
 loliow 1 !)'_:. w here hc'iiii an iv( d. in- l()rd>h;;) w.is jdca-td 
 to aci juanil int u ilh ti.c w liolc ot a laic di-pntc iaj had 
 liad wiin niv Lord Hvdc, nov\- I'arl of K>)cnc.-lcr, and 
 lir-t lord coin;ni--ioncr oltiic trcasnrv. IIis loid-hi[) 
 !iad intornicti tlic kin-j; of d-O, ()()()/. of hi- hca.rth-nioncv, 
 \\lii<di had hccn iui--api)licd to .-onu' private use or u.-c.s 
 Lord lo)chc-lcr ccjuld not but know of, and wasinucdi 
 -u-prctcd to iiarc in ; to.jcthc!' -\illi .^oi;ic nii-cari"ia^c.T 
 and mi. inanai^cancnt ot the !cvcnu(\ \s hudi, it s(eiii-, 
 noljodv htii hi- lord.-inp liad the c(.)uraLj;c to c\po,-c to 
 t!ic kni^. lie Nild uic al-'i iic iuid hi!( !\- lyrou^iit in 
 l,(jrd Sm;d( rland to he ,-cci'elarv of -(ate, l>v en^.i-iiii^ 
 !:;r Dukcol' \ n\l in hi- h: !i;ilt; ami tiiat Wdw li!S 
 lii'ihnc-- M'cnad to he knidti" to liiat lorii, who l.ail 
 hihoured all liC ccild a^ain-t hnn in thc.^ late pulia- 
 inen!-, tlian to hini-ell, wi^o !,;;d doii'' all he could I > 
 .-erve hnn, and wIkj !:ad pai I iciilari\- made the luo-i 
 on- nlorahlc !it ad a'_nii-t tl.c h,ll ot e\(dnMon; and 
 toue!;ed upon -ome iiard rctuin- and di-ipponi: mi'iit^ 
 ot t.ir -:imc kiml, tiom tii' -aiuc ([uarlci'. Hut -lid 
 in.- lo! ddn p \\ a- w '.-il w i ; n ; lie kni'j, n w a- in no th _ la- 
 in tln'ir jiowa r lo I'enioM hen, tiioujh tin", i on,''.:., d 
 ' ;i( ir w hole -li ( n ^t :i \n ( n-ri it: and indt d 1 h,ui 
 CM-' Ml to kno'.v ]i')w laf'j'' vin nillucnt c !.c Ii.ul o'. er he-
 
 SC8 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 niajcstv; for to bisn it- was ubollv owiiiij; that I sat still 
 in nsy ^overiiiucnt of York. 
 
 A few days afterwards, his lord.riiip told me of some 
 hard usa^^e he had snct with iVoirt Lord Rochester, 
 contrary to their niu!u,d cnjiai^ernents, in favour of cacii 
 other, upon his first enteriii'i; into business; and that 
 bavinif oblained a promise to be lord [>residcnt, or lord 
 privy seal, as a vacancy of citlier should first fall out, 
 which happened to be of the seal, Lonl lv';ehcstcr had 
 behind the curtain done all in his power for \Iy. Sey- 
 mour ; that upon this occasion he had been raised to 
 the dignity of marquis, which he liad never desii'ed, 
 with a view lo make him ameiids ^'ov the seal ; but 
 that not declining tlie one or the otiier he had obtained 
 both; and that theren[)on Seymour had left the court. 
 That however, the kin<i commaudin'j; it, he was williuix 
 to be upon <iood tertiis \\ ith his lordship, but that lie must 
 give him some su^neicnt assurance that he v.as more a 
 friend to him than to Suntlerland, ere he could repose 
 any degree of confidence in him. 'idiat in th.e mean 
 tiLiie he would keep in liis corner, and cie attentive to 
 whatever migkit be for the kinii's se;vi;'e, and not be 
 afi'aid to ac(}U!:int his :n:i;esty with wluit nii^ht l)e for 
 his majesty's disadvanl;'.;:e, v.dioevei' ^ve:e ilse actors or 
 transactors; and in hue. {!:at u hen he had p;;->\ei-, he 
 sliould be caref;! to distinguisli those who were his 
 iViends, from tiiose who we:e not so. 
 
 Xow tlie affair oi ihe for;y thousand pounds, said 
 to have been lost to t'le kiufj;, upon his heartli-iuoeey, 
 and charged u|)on Lord, ilociicstei-, and tlie other lords 
 commissioners of the tre>iSUi-y, came to be ai-gueci by 
 council on botli sides, ii^dbre the king; and it plainly 
 a])pcared that the king wa? actually so mu 'h a ioser ;
 
 sii; Ju.iN i;i:ut.^:;\ . 
 
 l)ill -;ir:i was t!i>.' iiilt it -I li,;; \.,\A Rnr;- -ivv, :Mij-.- 
 |i()iL( il -.i- i.;' w ii- 1''. I'.'' l);.!-.!! ol' N'wik, l),ift-_> (){ 
 l*(ji t>:ii(Ji;l!i. a;!^l l.-utl ^;i;l>'l i lini!, had w i :i i::- ;ra- 
 ic^tv. lli.it little or ;;() iiolirr (,l' tiuj l':a ul \va lak. i ;;t 
 thai li;i!f : cvct [it 1 1; .-i-iiic oi ;:i:', I lo: d - I; iciids iiaviii-j; 
 tak' II t:!C liixitv !o c:':;-iii > \.<<vA i l;dida\, a- !. lo l,:;-v 
 111 inakiii'j; liic d;-c,,\i;v, [Ui. kiiv.i | .s',:l: i !i;ai -0 iar 
 a- t') -av i;[)(ail\' ilia" ! r.', r; r >ai ', a [ 10:1 iJi'' ; 1 d.. dial 
 ill- I(>.d-!ii[) lai 1 d,);: II I'da ; :a tia' wd^dc ; tidir, daL 
 !''. d;- oidii' all 1 a;.,)!' ) a.l.vM. M v I.t al i 1 daidx lo d 
 ui^'ld;- ua-iu)t tl.('(.'.i.- 'aa.i'.r liial wn'd.d a'h'-a.sr, as 
 to ti.e' ill laaii.iL'a'ai; ;.t el lac I'o'v.d raNaiaif, aaj (dj- 
 -ervcd dial idc aat ic aiil jvirtv La)a;t al diai a! ^aa:; a 
 lalr, til, It li;.' idarcal it ini'i'at cia'a'a' a i^alaa-v cUa- 
 
 w here, 
 
 A idw dav- aTtta-waiaU li:-^ !;)ri!dii:) tc!'! aia t'aediikc 
 
 iiiadr It lii'^ l)ii-iii(-~- to c'aair laiii all' lu a. hiving li.id 
 
 aav latiuaiai (ai tilia -aka inv liic liaiuil cai t!.o duv 
 
 daud, and the di-'<i- cv oa I.. a odiar, we:. [ .t^' a".;ta-al 
 
 talk of Ida lo.' a, d,.: d;at di- - ~:. jald ii'i>lv to 
 
 dun, dattac he '.'. uaid a'*, 
 
 Iiic aUa, ll,,,l . r i I 
 
 and M.al la' \\ a- two . 
 
 that da iiad (;!)-ai'\ cd 1. 1 > 
 
 spi'C.d a.-, il' I. -ad \[ 
 
 ti( a- a ar ^ .-1 all ai .. 
 
 li(a ii'^ t^i ii'rc w a> II ) 
 
 a ai'Mt ictl. laaa: n; <> 
 
 j-. -I', tlioa^dt d, ,, : ' ' , 
 
 iiuai d ai ItaN' - ( i : 
 
 ^.i V, ' I lie aiaa - : 
 
 '"; \\\\ It !.> i.aii 
 
 a 1 
 
 !: loa 
 
 . li.: I a" J- la^f, 
 
 i ". la ; ; [a.i I \\ a> 
 .'ad 1 1 i a ! I 
 '.I v\ a I.! 
 aoald I).' 
 
 ! t 
 
 I .; ! a
 
 270 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 that his majesty was angry with him for giving ear to so 
 groundless a rumour. 
 
 On the 28lh of February, Lord HalHfax told mc 
 the duke had assured him, he was not in the least con- 
 cerned in the difference between him and Lord Roches- 
 ter ; and that he had repHed, he was sure his highness 
 could wish him no ill, and that: if he did, he should 
 never do any thing to oppose him, but that in such a 
 case he should not be able to serve him with that zeal 
 he could wioh, and that his highness might possibly 
 repent he had lost his service to the deg'ree he desired 
 to use it for him : that he had done no more than ho 
 had been by the king commanded to do, and that there 
 was no man in the kiuLnlom so oreat that he could be 
 decently displeased with what was done at the king's 
 command ; that he perceived tiiey, meaning Rochester, 
 had a mind to rid thfir hands of him, and that it uas 
 likely they miffht endeavour to make him uneasy in his 
 station, but that lie would take care they should not 
 remove him, first, because he would stay with the king 
 to be ready to serve him, and secondly, because he 
 had a mind to disappoint those who so earnestly 
 Ionized for his absence : that liis whole view had been 
 to save the kin::: monev, and tliat he knew no greater 
 serxice that could be done to his highness, if h.e would 
 l)utbc j)lcased to look a litUe before him into futurity : 
 that the king indeed had made him a greater man than 
 he deserved to be, but that he had this to say for him- 
 self, he was a gentleman, and tliat his highness ought 
 in justice lo have sonic consideration i'or those that 
 bore escutcheons, as well as for those that had none- 
 some of the duke's crcalui'es vrcre scarce gentlemen ;
 
 sill jnil\ ii!:Ul>l-A . 
 
 J7I 
 
 ami thai lor iiis part la: >ii(;iiM ik vcr -ay aiiv t;,iii'_j [d 
 }ii> iii'4!iiK"-.s l)ul tniili, which ihoui^h, al tii -t bi^ht, il 
 might look a iitllc j)laiii aiui iioaicly, ni/.hi;ij; al ihc 
 lioltom eari'ie.l with il a ;jrcatcr hind of ic-pcd, ami 
 much more to liic >aiue t'li'cct. That to this hi- high- 
 ness made answer, that wlial hi-. loriKhip had said 
 5ccmed to he vtiv rational, that he was Mai-ihle of 
 L^reat ohhL^alions he had to iiim, and tiiat he ni'\er 
 \\(Hdd foi'jet ihini, hut .-cr\e hnn in all i;e was iihle. 
 and tlial >o lir> lordsinj) -honld lind. 
 
 Ills loi-il-h;p al-o U)M n;e, the -ainc d iv, I'l it !>. !i;!d 
 hecn with niv Ladv 1) iche.-- of j'u! t-;n )Utii. ami tiial, 
 amijng other (h>eour>e, he lold her, he l". rnnd li'at in 
 ca-e lie shonld .stand in nerd of hi> nniestv's favo;;i-, 
 he was not to expect inanv jV..nd,-, c;n tliat sid.' ol 
 AV'hitehall ; and that she made an'-\\er. t!i;il sonit; w.'.o 
 had Ijcen \'ery mnch his li lends, inean;,:j; liC'-.hol'.'r. 
 i:anic tiii'.her sonietinie^, and thai M.e hoped tliey 
 t\ould he as in';ch hi-^ fritaids aizani : li-at to thi< he 
 replied, he was in much douh! a . lo her interees-a>M, 
 and 'j^oud oHice-, in such a slrail, but lioped iir -hould 
 avoul ihi' (1 iiiL^cr of makuiLi; u-e tlare-if ; and t /<. 
 notiiT liial she iherenpion hlMr'i'"d, and -fCUKM! to he hi 
 some eonlu.-Kjn. llib lord-:iip tnrtiar saai, liial were 
 he (pule a> voun'j; as hr had Ikm n, ho ni,:iit be as \sell 
 with her as olheis ; hul ui)on ih:- I (;h > rvcti, thai his 
 loi'dihip ou:^hl to have 1 ejn furni-hed \'. 'th a Liood 
 pui'se as well a- .-omelhin::; (l-c liuil hc^^m \'. nh lii': 
 iinie letter ; for so, r( ji-jii - litl, l.oid IXmhv l.'.[)t. 
 intelligence ;o lorn^ ami -< u'l'cal willi iici'. 
 
 1 lu; e(jurt and the \'. hole U'wn were imi.'m'' i'.' 
 dividf.al as to the di-jMitc hc'twc;n the two lord-. 
 1 :iO.-e who hail an\ d- ; ' ndan'.a' on p.iv ;;,'.:.- ; iji i:.e
 
 U'-^ 
 
 :\IEMOIRS OF 
 
 exchequer, dursl not but be on the side of Lord Ro- 
 chester : but ail sober and serious persons, who were 
 independent, and wished well to tlie jiovernuient, ap- 
 ])lauded th.e integi-ily, the zea!, and the courage, of the 
 lord privy seal, who would not sec so great a sum of 
 the king's money inisa[)plied, and was so honestly bold 
 as lo com[)kiin, though he was sure lie should thereby 
 raise a nuuiber of violent eneuiies against hisn ; and 
 particularlv die \vhi;i;s, as ihev now called llse antieourt 
 3)arty, were lavish of their coirnneudalions, nol only on 
 account of the discovery, but in liopes this great man 
 might, by this quarrel, be brouglit to a cooler degree 
 of nioderalion. 
 
 In the niidst of this, on the !JOlii of ^larch, all 
 Christendom seeuied to he m chre.r.er of being involved 
 in a bloody war, l';c rebels of ]lun<j;nry haviiig called 
 in the Turk to a^si-t them against tlie eii;peror, and 
 one or two exce|)'ed, all tlie princes of the empire, 
 and the kings of Spain and Sweden, i}re!)aring to de- 
 fend the empire against tlie Turk on tlie on.c hand, and 
 the Trench king, likely to fall upon I'^laiulers, or some 
 of the princes of (ieru;anv, on tlie ollicr: uhiie we 
 sat at ea^e amidst tb.e blcs^iiigs and plciily of a peace, 
 whicli it wi!.^ ti.oe;ghl wo ild be lasting, because of the 
 death of the i)nsy and fictions Shaftsbury, not long l)e- 
 fore retired into Ilolhirid. 
 
 (loinix wilii my ii.r;! p'ivy seal, to take the air, in 
 Hyde l-*a;k, i;e toid ni;' !ie hofjcd I uas sorry he ju'esscd 
 me to come up to London, seein.g 1 con'.d n.ot so \vell 
 have been made ar(]uain;ed with the ttate of uMaii's at 
 such a (!isl:nice as \ ork : that ii \Nas nnccrLnn how 
 lonii; he s::onld be a')!f to keep iiis station, (hTvcn at so 
 lieretly as he ;v;;s by h(ji::n, but that he imagmed iic had..
 
 51 i{ JOHN i;r.i;r.>i'.v. :: ; 
 
 ill!' kii 4 to iii- l"i iciul, ;i:i.l coiil 1 r.ot ('.j:,(\ i'/c i^' w oiiM 
 {Ml t \'. .til hi II I tor ii(< other l.ui'.t t'i;!ii tlic iiavii;.: ohtvcd 
 hi- comiii.iiids ; liut - ivs he il vsc l.i'.l ;ijani iiiuicr tiic 
 liuliirncf ot I leiicli (-(I'Micil-, I si;;ill lairlv (|'iit, there 
 h(.ii)i,^ greater ciuiravom-s a'jaiii-t iiu' on the olhcr ^iWc: 
 ot the water, than en liii- ; and dc-ired nii^ when 1 
 jot into the eeiiiitrv aijaM), to tmn t!ic rej)(al ot" h::, 
 (h-^i aer r.ito railhav, ti!I !io -iio'dd :_!w m;- notice cf 
 li.'- iLM'eat, ".'. iiie'i he \\c;'.ld eai'lv d'>. n" i;c loand i' 
 enavoidahh' 
 
 1 "A o dav^ ali! i\\ ai d<, I '.v'jnt to -u i' [,(,ird l)anh\ in 
 l; < ioAea, and ihaind hmi to expre.-s tmn-ell" inueii 
 iiioi'e (<!;!;_^nii;'v lowaia!-^ lo'.'d |);avv seal, t'.iaii lie had 
 iteeii ii-(d t(; do hei'(. totbre : anioni! other thinL[>, if 
 ^ai:! hi- leaal-hij) had taken a pindent and hcciMii'.n^ 
 eoure in ihclaiini: iiimselt" lor a pariianuait, and ihal 
 h(' \'>a-- \er, Ll'.el ot' il n()on a [)iivale aceoiint ; lor 
 ilial he de.-j) iir( d ol' hein_^ (Mi'.ar.: 'd till tliere w .es a. 
 M'ltiii^'. lie -aid, I, Old lfo(!ie<tta- and his {)artv ihii;1iI 
 ^npporl thein-t Ives tor a whde, hat that llic inlere-t 
 th( , hndt ui)(,n wa> no helter than a sandv lonn- 
 (httion. 
 
 I he n\l (he; I eoinnuinieated l'ni< to Lord llaMitax, 
 '>\iio on hi^ pail ^eenied al>o to he more I'avonrahlv n:- 
 elnieil t(n\cn'd- land !)an!)V. than he had tor >oiiie 
 Iiine heeei : he said he had already enemies enonL^n, 
 aim thai w'ua' he liad lo >av a^ain-l thai l(M"d wa.s nf\v 
 onl ol hi-i mnni ; hnt thai however he ^vonhl not no.'. 
 ni:ik<; him>ell (lunnes ie; hcan^ his I'licnd, as he he! 
 !u! ni'a h.' done hv h; in'_:; olli''r\\ i-e ; ^o th il I ton nd lord 
 [tii\v -' al wa> makaii:''.!) hi- mt', ,(-i t)n the one hand, 
 ;.- l.oid Kocla-u r w .e- on liieoliaT, lor ine latter had 
 ' ; ' loi "^'xanoMi- to eoint, and prone-ed to l'" le- 
 
 I
 
 274 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 friend. Lord Privy Seal told me lljut Seymour had 
 made some advances to close with him, and that a ge- 
 neral reconeilialion was eridoavouring on the |)ait of 
 Rochester's friends. 1 told his lordslui), that, in mv 
 poor opinion, he had much better stand by himselt". 
 now that he had possessed himself" ot" the interest of 
 the nation, h>y the means of wliat he h;ul done, in op- 
 })osition to J>ord llochesler ; t!iaL il' lie closed in with 
 that sitlc again, he mig'til rmi the hazard of losing the 
 good o[)inion oi" hi-> coi'.niry, which he now so de- 
 servedly enjoyed, whereas il" he kepi himself separate, 
 he might be nnnster of both the one and ihc otiier .* 
 and tliat in case he shcuild fdl, the king would 
 hoon he "-ensible of siich a want of hii)i, that he could 
 not long l)c spared from court. To this his lordship 
 replied. It would !)e matter of great diijii'ulty for !iim 
 to stay there with men, w ho^e iiUerest it was to remove 
 him. I'hal thev would be apt to |ilay him tricks, 
 knowing that while lie was in any play, their carriage 
 and conduct would be no secrets to his maiestv ; but 
 that if they did engross the king all to tiiemselves liiey 
 would 1*01 long keep their hold : i"or that the king iiad 
 one Cjuality which would always preserve him from be- 
 ing long in ill irands, mer.niivg hib facility to hear all 
 persons, and to admit of all informations from a back 
 door, while the favourites did ivot in the least dream 
 of such his attention, ills lor(l?hi[> then lamented the 
 ])rodiuioi!s iiiliuraiCL- the Duchess of l^ortsmoutli iiad 
 over the kiu'j;, com|)!aining that she betrayed him not 
 in his comn'ils oiilv, but his bod also, a.nd that she cer- 
 lainlv liiv \\ idi the grand prior of France, wiioot"tcn 
 came over, luider li,e ma,-!, oi' love, the ht-ttcr and 
 nioie eirectuallv to ir.oibunl intelli;;{''nce arid !r;forina-
 
 ''\\[ .lollN ';i:iil.si;\ 
 
 liDii [<) ills inasUM" tiiC IVciuii l\in'_;. 1 Ir t!i' mhI it thai 
 t..;' k.Mi^ wa.^ too |.>i-^i\c Willi i'i;'.iui l<> t!,i ( ;i!i!ijs, 
 aial (;'i-civcil It a^ \]\< create -t lau'.t, tlial no ai'^aiiitni 
 CMild prcviii! oil iiiiu to r(.-\nl \\;,at la: clcr.rly saw Ik, 
 <Mi^iit to rot'iit, aiul lliat 1k' ('(-({i;J'-il too low 1V(j:;i 
 llic Mihimie c'Icvatioii ol' tii- liiiiiitv. IJi:^ lord-hii) tlin; 
 t(;!)k iiotiiT, li.at I also, in inv ^talion, wa.. tiic -;n/|ca'!. 
 nt ;ii'!'li c\\v\, and advi-' 1 iii(\ wi'c.'i I rttnrncd a'^ain 
 ii:tu t;i(; ( . ::,ti-\ , to drincan inv-cii' .-o a- to l.m:ii a- 
 L'i''it a nii_M- ;iL- of }'i,\a)Mr ai:d 1 li vi iltaico a.^ I 'i''- 
 
 Ci'Ml j\- .'Oiiid. 
 
 I [Kai the w h(j!f\ I jKa'ciavcal thai the I(/!'d pii'v'v 
 ^cal ha i tilt' iRltta" and more ai)i)rov('d can-c, and liiat 
 ihe Lo;d Koche^t'T had the UKjrc potent and cnei- 
 luh.nj int(;ic-t; that the hud privv seal descrvedlv 
 \\(;:e;d wil'i li,e hodv ot" the nation- and thiit the 
 l.'i; j kw ;,i- ( ; wci.i'aed, thonilh niuh'-^c rv( div ennu'jh. 
 enlv Willi th.' Duke ot' ^ ork, l!ie 1 )iu:lie'<s ot' Jhut 
 nion!,'!, n:v I/aal (jt' Hi mund, and ot!i( a'- at con rt, w iio 
 dcptaded upon his inaie-l\'^ pin-e, wiiieh hdtouied 
 t!if (h-;r.i) ilion (,!' I^iMil lo>cne-l(a\ In -^hoiL liie t"eviv 
 wa-, t!:.il th( (h!i'j<':aa' (it' iliose -o iK ai" the kin_: ne^lit 
 prcwiii Oil hnn to ahan(h)n th<' had ])ri\-v seah wlio 
 (h p(ai(h\l i:p!>ii hen-ell only, niton no mtere-l hut his 
 ()\sn, and ui)on the niiaif, whieli \\as eeiliimlv 'j;/eat, 
 ol'tiie important sei\iee^he had aheadv don\ and wa- 
 iie-l ahle loi' llie I'ntnri' to do lor thr (a'own; and hta'e 
 w f put a period to tin-- vear. 
 
 In April, Hod, I n. turned to ^ ork, and heard 
 ; :mI (a! V liad eiMj-c n the I )uke ol Kiehinond to he their 
 '.l['\ -Irward, wiaeh I v. a > la-t -orrv to undca'St i nd, as 
 t:air aii'iir- thru >i,jod, u:\ lord p.iw >c\e iiaviiiL' 
 ' .hn< d (eat houwur tor t:;e -alse of t!.e Dii'f oi
 
 276 MKMOIRS OF 
 
 Buckingham, who was to be ])uf out before another 
 could be admilLcd. The duchess took tliis very kindly, 
 and u[)oii receiving tlie patent for ih^at ofiice, which the 
 citv presented to the young duke in a gold box, her 
 grace sent my lor*.] nuivor a letter of thanks, wherein 
 the said t!ie king uas very well pleased tliat the second 
 citv m r'n^hnul had had that regard lor lier son, and 
 assured lain and the coiT)or;Uion of her utmost ser- 
 vices. But tli.e Duke of i>uekiny;ham took it extremely 
 ill of them, ov. the (;t!]er iunul, and wrote them such a 
 leLlci', ;> ni'; ht ( ;t.-i!v convince them of it. The Duke 
 of Dut ' )n;;ii,i i iK'ing well with the lord privy seal, 1 
 was at ;-':ne U)ss to know how to steer between tlie 
 divided i:ilerest,-, but I ho\)v I did it in such a manner 
 as to give (illuue t(i neidiir. 
 
 On the lit' th cf dune following, we were alarmed 
 with a rei'Oit of a dangerous conspiracy against the 
 kmg, of such a.^ luul been disappointed of preferments 
 at co'urt, and of protesiant dissenters. The same 
 conspiracy was also against the Duke of York, and 
 the de.Hgn was to lia\e shot both his majestv and his 
 highness as diey came Irom Newmarket, the day of 
 tlieir relm-n being hxed. d'his was to have been exe- 
 cuted bv Ibrtv men, who, the blow given, were to have 
 scoured to London, and to have reported it to have 
 beeii done by the papk-ts. In London it was said 
 there utre a bodv of men ready to lise, and to take 
 imme(ii;iie pus-cs-^ion of the eily and Tower, and con- 
 berpienlly of tiie w hole nation, and that the Duke of 
 ]\L)ninoiidi was ready to li(\id the iii'-urrccdon. 
 
 Ttiis -xsas mil ;i(ii!;)n^ Iv defeated by a lire which 
 Irui'.'.cd d'jwn a ::r(,:i [)art of the town ol" Newmarket, 
 uwd c;iu;ed tiie ld;i:'; s (!ep;n ture fi om thence ten days
 
 si!: .loiiN ni:iu:sin . 
 
 r,!i-t liitt; I, it \\"as ,;;'.(. 'A .M'! icin", <.! to kiii t'l" ; . o 
 roviil bioliicr- ;- i'.' v t. (::,' iVuM; I la'i.p'i'ii C ''.. I":L 
 t 'ic' kiiiL: l)f!:;.' ; !'!!, Lirv r r-t:' 'M- .! :t, tii: ir \ i'"\ lu^l)^ 
 ! ) (ii-li(<\- I) :, i)r '.: ,'..( r. i'li'-;' a::'l ['. 1 k.- (l!-:!j;- 
 jiointiii'ilt- I ' '.[ l".'''< .; '.. ,1 ol u;;!' (/I l.c :'.cl,i;i- 
 < ho' V CMi: -jih !'),-, lJiL(i;)i, lo li-L' lii- o'.\ II |'lllM~c, 
 w.i- ,: ' :i..-' l:;r::!, \\:)ic;i w I'l -!.'.' .'. oil hliii to (Ii~clo-C 
 t;ic Wiioii' (.n'lir, a:!'l ht acv' );oi:i_i\' di.l. I mod tji.-. 
 I1;ai;v o! I , i'o;i~');rat ..- ai. 1 .i''^ ''oi- \'. it 'iili'i- a ; ihc 
 D;^.;' of .Mi>;!,iioi,!;i tlnl, I.o' I (ircv I'.iai!'.: 1;!- tv,\,[)c 
 ji'tcr iiC iiai! hrcM takr;i, l)',il >i" 1 iionia-- A ; !'.i-[! o:ij; 
 \\a-> aitpi'cliciai. (I and ( ii;i.:lti'it io I'lic i'o'wr, toii,''- 
 ticr with tl.o Ivol of 1'.- "x, liio I/.:il ii,)'.a:ii of 
 J",-knck, L(jr(l iiii--( 1. aii'l in iii\ o;ii: i- ; ;i:;'l orders 
 wcic -Lilt doAii, to us Ml the ii(jrtl:, lo !\( cj) a \\:ilcii- 
 i'nl t\"r, and a i(,id\" li>in(i o\>;rad mi-jiU'Kui- |'<T;oi;,-, 
 and parli'Mjlai !v t(j lo-dx o ;l luv one Mr. ( i ood-'iioui^l:, 
 and (Ml'' Mr. Nilli.o;-ji, \\',o wr.aj mijmiom;'! t) have 
 mad'' tiicir \\\i\ I'lAani- i;-. \l: -nnn; S,;o'';..iiioii \\";' 
 !: !l' i'C( jttfd and i\ani!,:ri, ^\. nnl'T-;;) i t:ii> c'o,;- 
 -|in icv to iii\(' i)ff 11 L:i':'.'ia! w 1 [ n t'lc i ma ! v- and d i-- 
 coiii: ii'rd m I otii ijii::donw, and tliat o.c ( ):|-c-^j;ond - 
 (";;(' w ;:> Can m d on he! w ccn t iicin. iv I ,.r >.'o;i'li poil- 
 lai'-, and othci' (n.i-aiu- i;i di-^i; c, \\!.a!i cm-td 
 'ji'cat >(aiiiiii\- anil -caicn to he made and oh-rr\t d 
 "itii regard to all -n m pt op'r iVo.n the ii(;rlh i)nl lu 
 d.wcll on li.c part,. ml, ir-. (,]' ihi^ plot, \\\]i\ tiio prou:'- 
 made onlaiam-t iIkj -t; w !io -ntt'ciid t'iri', w rrr need - 
 1'--, ailir \'. hat lia- tic; n -aid and i\i'(.!A'((| h' man'; 
 iioih privaK Iv and pnhludJv c-on.\ i-iiin" it : .-o ! -hi',1 
 
 -a'. , liiat m t n( ronc- ; s 
 
 oviil lit n to l.oi\I
 
 2/8 
 
 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 Rusicl, the eldest son and heir to the Eari of Bed lord, 
 and olhcrsof uicre iufciior note. 
 
 While we were labouiiiii!; under tiic terrors of the 
 hite conspiraey, uneerlain lo wliat deirrce it njight ex- 
 tend, and what niight lie the luiuie }>nr|)ose and reso- 
 lution of the desperate pecide eoncerned, the rest of 
 Christendom was in some Gceniing danger of being 
 overspread by the Turk, and now, more than ever, un- 
 der the a[)preliensions of sucli a eatastrophc, the com- 
 mon enemy having for some time laid close siege to 
 V^icnna, and reduced that (!apital to great extremities. 
 PjuI at length it was lelieved, on tlie I'iih of August, by 
 the fortunate valour of the K\n<y of Poland, assisted 
 )ririei[)a!ly by the Duke of Lorraine, the empeior's ge- 
 iicral, and partly by the electors of Saxony and Bavaria : 
 !)ut the bare meniion of this bcmg as much as can be 
 required of my hands, I shall return to the j)Osturc 
 and current of our o^su alfairs. 
 
 In October, 1 had a letter I'rom my Lord Hallirax, 
 to acijnaiiit nic that I had the king's leave to come to 
 towt], which 1 had desired, as thinking it to be neccs- 
 .-ary I should t^e near llic ling's [.("r^on^ at a timev/iien 
 1 tiiought ho v\ould be taking of new measures an<l 
 making of nevv regulations, will; regard toaffaiiv in ge- 
 neral, and oiilccrs in j)arti('niar, i'or his own and the 
 iiatioifs greater Lccurity, after the late iiorrid machina- 
 tions: accordingly 1 set out th(^ latter end of this month 
 for London, where I arrived in Xoveuji^er. 
 
 I went to vi^riL my lord |)rivy seal, and found him 
 still rooted in the king's good esteem; but th.at the 
 (lukc was not alto.;et!ier so iirateful to him as he ouiiht 
 to have been. 1 found also, that the (.liflerences l.^ct-.^een
 
 s.i; ..'<)ii\ i;!:i:i>!',\ 
 
 I !l \\\[\\ ii:.i,i' ;iC!:i;; >: , ,l:. 1 \\';i I'm! : : tlia'l i;; I-.r ; ::<\,[ 
 'ji;ii T-Ii^wii I.' I ! [ . V Id:" I ;;m-. 'i;- , ! \ or,, w j- .;!' ; , n j>, 
 ii\' an oi'i L r ol I'.;: I :~'i !, (i:i a'' " >:: ;', <'t -):.;' w .): i! - tie 
 li.:il -joik ;i 1 ,:( k.'j \k.- .:\ 1 iin' vc. / u'lM''!!)' -1\'. 
 
 a:iil ti.c (i;i!.i' r-;( 'ii i! ,...;: L; ;:;-. i;(.;'il:(l aiv !. >-] il<,- 
 Cia--la;-, \\r."ii\ 1 Vi- Ui!. .::''' to laVu a li,:' w i L i ;i 
 
 Ka; I loaa;! lac :i(!|)"- n\ a ;i,a !; . a .; ;a !: - >'ili at ;i 
 'v ; I \' L';'; a t (i; -'aa^'a 1 !. aiaa 1 aia !;a"- w a-- i.; vi ai ' a" (;t 
 laliiaj !.( At -|aai_: auiiia' ia' vok'' ui I'la.a^c. ;ai;l 
 tlnrij^li ti.v' !;a;.M:i \\a- luaaa ili--a;i-li( d ai ;':a tr lioii- 
 (Iclav. tiiat im; t ot' llir ;;a'i.)i), 1 a/ an. ti: :t w a - :a mj,- 
 j)')--iii(Mi [u li!!.' 1 i\i,'ai iiii;aa'-t. .Val ja-t now il haj;- 
 )( ii'd thai l!if v.iann! i); imt oi' 1 aauicc l^-ai j; in |",:; j'l iirl, 
 aal n!.M rvc'l to I ,' v.av i' aai uf I'aa ! )ac!)c~^ cl' I'ort-^- 
 i.a) ilii, a:al :-:<! lA iiiaj. tin: !v.a.i caaic-aivt ;1 .-a) 'j,!'tMl a 
 i. aara-v tM aa at,^ ia- -( nl liMii aw .iv : an I il u a.- -!a'(",\all v 
 -a-j). alul t la' I )a(a,i - w uai J la <[ i"a loii j, txMai'l liuii, 
 w ;a .a I'' '." j c'lj.la -CI aai 11 to !); xaav Ima 
 
 I a. ul :a .1, (i. iVnai a l:i f tt II. i!i, t.ial -ail ; inaii; waan'iil 
 -ii )! [ i\' I lai )!' 1 \ ta V iinuai lo liir aaorMr' i laii ol liic 
 I ) 1 '.v I m' ^ oi u ami ia> j ' ' ^ ' '', a iiiv-I<a'-. \'. aali --acancal 
 11 a Iia\ (la\"- ai Li rw ai ! [' . !, \ jii i iiii'il. '1 in' I )nk(' 
 (i .^.^Mlnloul;l in la ' -^a-;" . I i| to ...i.c t.ikta la Isi'^'a 
 ; oiiK-a'. iaa ' aWroail. laiaiva^.iat nl i aa ; lai-, 'aaa'V. .-'K- 
 K iiiita - laaiHll' to M:. > ! lai \ ji ai.ia-, al W aitcaiail, 
 '.\!i(U tia- t iMii i laaii i; tr !orr ruai II tail, liii; Lmj; aiul 
 dn'kc \\> lit ti) liiiii. aa i. alli r ;i;i iiiair > I i-aoiii >(', -^a;- 
 I'laiil laai In 'j_ < to ai- looj,!!)^- at liu i o akait. atttaKltal 
 !'. Ill- oaa -( ivaiit-, aial aaiita' no <iiht,i i\>tiai al taaa 
 ' .1 ol' :'. -a;ar;',':t at Lii :i:; ; i'al wiiat wa- -ai'i v:
 
 siv) 
 
 r-JCMOiUS (>{ 
 
 f.]one at ibis inicrvicw, imy be conjccliircd sooner 
 than known. 
 
 Ihis uas matter of si;ri)i"i:;c to ail |vx)ple, and wait- 
 in;^ on lord privy seal, lie told me, he doubted not but 
 the Duke ot' Monmouth's aiTair, his grace haviii;^ that 
 (.lay kissed the king's hand, the duke's, and the queen's, 
 would be the subject of great speculation, and tliat va- 
 rious guesses would be niade as to the intercession that 
 brought it to j)ass. I told him the world said the Du- 
 chess of Portsmouth, and Lord Sunderland had done 
 it, and that it was publicly kn.own tliat the king had 
 the day before in council said, it v\as at the request ot" 
 the Duke of York, to whom his iirace had nrade sub- 
 mission, and disclaimed all cornpctition with for tlic 
 ciown, His lordshij) answered, that the thing was fu- 
 from so, for that the Duke of York and those in his 
 interest, had opposcti it to the very last ; and there- 
 upon owned himself to have been cliieily instrumentai 
 therein; and gave me several reasons, both puhlic and 
 private, thougi) not proper to !)C liere enumerated, 
 vihy he laboured to lh<it end. Ijv tliis it plainly aj)- 
 pcai-ed to nu:, th;it nolu ilhstan(bing tlie extraoidinary 
 streniith of the intercut combined a<iainst liim, thio 
 noble lord lir.d great j)ower with his niajestv. J lis 
 lordship moreover gave me to understand that hi^ 
 iirace had made confession of the late ijlot, but woind 
 iiot give any public evidence against the coiispirators. 
 ]>ut to dismiss this, certain it is that whoever wrought 
 so industriously; with the king, in favour of the Duke 
 of Alonmoutli, his maje>ty himself may be said to liave 
 had a large share tiierein. He had a paternal alfec- 
 'ion for hini, nor could refrain f.om tiie most o])eu
 
 Slli JOHN IM:iiI>l'.V. :-. 
 
 .\:pI [i.iMk o\i'rc->ijn- ot' It wii.i L\(-'r he ^:i'.\ Imn ; ami 
 !iic (hike, (i' 'I'M'-''^' P'^''^ ;i',! ih;' i-<"-i)''':t aiul duty iiua- 
 >^inal)lt.' Ill at liiiiii;)'_j iijioii, a!:(l tv;l'n) .\ in_j Uic Ki;i_'. 
 .M' an Willie tlir wiioic c lart ijc^an t-j di-covcr. tiial 
 
 tl)()!lL^ll (lis ilM'll!--- >>[ \ OlL M<'!li'd (nil'ALi: div to 
 
 a:i:'c to I . t_' l;aar ol Mijauiou t !i > i .aiiin!-^;oii, il w.u 
 l)v no iiif 111- an act (^i" t:!ioa'e, l)iU ot'nrcc-.-itv, ti.r kiiiLi; 
 ii.u.iii: tl'cl ncd !i<' w oiilil liiM^'it-o; and thaliit' \\'a-^ 
 iiol nrnl'' jiii\\' lo it a')o\-(_' Iwaj div^ i)'-. ,i\. il w a.s 
 ( M' ( :i ... 
 
 [i,v km: na-! 1.')'^ ci/iUTisad a <ii-,i!^a ;u a^ain-L 
 t!i<' citv (/I \(;;k, and cciinii'j; iVoai i "r 1 )n(:ii(,'.'-- ot 
 J-*ort.~!iio!it II s, on tiiC 'J:;tj (*i' NovcaiSar, iio a-kcil 
 III.", Itanin^ njion inv arm, ii I knew -'iriiiaciU matter 
 lo. I;!in;jmu[ a i/.d) ,\i>'.>-(hn'(j a_:ain-t tlifii' cdiarter. I 
 ttild hi- iii;ij('-;^. I <liii iidt, l)ut \\'(j\\\ iimdcavourlo in- 
 !o!m m\-(lt. tint Icaiad ] conkl not .?() well i\o il at 
 >i:c.i a di-Main\ a- li I v\a-~ u[> on t:ie pot : to wliicii 
 lii> maj<>t\' rojilud, ' I onl'; r.' omna.aid il to vcu. ' 
 1 l.r lord mavoi i' -(..'ii- :.ad rcia.-i'd to !( t a ir.oui.lr- 
 ttank trrcl ;:i- -ta^i; in lliat (at\', tn. -n^n iiv \\a^ \\\v- 
 iii-lu d \\i;n tin' kiiij;'- r. ((niimi'ndation, \\:ncii liir man 
 coiiipkiiiiiiiL! ot. Ill- m.i;;'-ly tooiiL^lit ia.n-cli liuirliv 
 liLiliit d, or iiijiiK d. 
 
 iiic lord nui\(jr ol ^ (;!'k litany arrucd. camr, on iini 
 \[\] ot' 1 )i criniita', to dc.-irc kavc to mai^'j u-c ol mv 
 name ixdorc the couiual, o far a- tc; -aw liic ^ovaanor 
 knew \\()\\ reads in.' wa- wiliihi- a--i-la;i;-e upon oc>;a- 
 -lon ot'tli'' late plot, to \iiiicii I L^avc mv ctJii-in'. I 
 \v( Il knew thai tl.e i)ake ol" \ oi k, wlio t!ioUL!,iit iimi 
 'i''(;e->ai \ to his once ill la aa'ptam in t .aat ( it w w i-iu d in 
 lii- lieai'l the man iiii'j;:.l Ik, pam-h( d ; Imi 1 miijined I 
 c(cild nol hu! m c,i-tice -Uuid I'V ! no ri \\ ' ,i; u .i.- i i'_;l;t,
 
 82 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 and that I could not do amiss in carrying liini to ray 
 lord privy seal, who gave him his promise lo assisjt 
 him at the board. I knew there was pirjue and malice 
 in the com{)laint against him, and uas in hopes it 
 ini<2;ht be a means of makiii''- him a tiioroiiiji-h convert, 
 if he was but mercifully handled in this troublesome 
 matter. 
 
 Being, the next day, at Lady Portsmouth's, the 
 king told me tiiere was iVcsh complaint against the lord 
 mayor of York, and that he was afraid he was but a 
 had man. I said I was obliged to acquaint liis majesty 
 with this truth, that he was very ready to give inc his 
 assistance in York, upon the late dreadful occasion ; 
 but that I could say nothing in defence of what he 
 might have committed since I left the place: to have 
 done with this ; 
 
 On the 6th of this month, the Duke of Monmouth, 
 having obtained his i)ardon, refused to sign a i)ublic 
 declaration of his knowledge of the late conspiracy 
 against the king, for which he vvas ordered to kee[) froiii 
 Whitehall, ?^^y Lord Privy Seal told mc, the manner 
 of doing tliir^, as required, \vas something! liard, but lluit 
 his grace ought entirely to have submitted liimself to 
 the kings pleasure, llis lordship, 1 found, was much 
 concerned that tiie duk(^ had been so obstinate, and iic 
 had reason to be so, bein^ now deemed, as he was, tlic 
 chief instrun.ent tliat brought him into favour. The 
 next day Mr. Algernon Sydney was executed upon 
 Tower Mill, as one of the conspirators, but said no- 
 tiling before he sniferecL lie only left a paper with 
 the sheritV, whicli I h; ;trd the king say was very trea- 
 sonable and evasive, thougli not wholly negative of the 
 fuct laid to hi.': cliarL';e ; but, however, it \\as not
 
 Ml: J<>!1.\ iti,i;r>irr. 
 
 '-'HJ 
 
 Miuiui't- })i<>p>.'" t(> 1)1' [)iiiit(Jii. Aiui i:(i:'. I i'i,i:iui liiaL 
 [[.c i >'.il.(' i! \ ui K w a- no; at .ili p!- a-fl with the ioi tl 
 |(;iv\ -. a'. l::')i!L';. i.i' iiiawc nncD m.c\^ ol liic ('(.niraiv, 
 lia t:jallic aasi.o! ecu -iii trd i.i; li'' i -, -'.oratioa ( ,! lii<j 
 l)Lik<M)l .\i')'.iiii!Mii!i ; uiui il w :i- !i;^ !), '.l-;iij) V ()\\ I! L'\- 
 |",('>-i(n, " ihaL liic (iukc \'.(ii!ui ri'j\t:' io'aut' ii iiiuj 
 Dili llic kiiiL^ having ia'cii llic chicl' promoter (;l" ;!, iL 
 tiiii i^.ol ajij'ear tiuil hi? loiil-liio liail lost aiiv Li'ouiul 
 \s;!;i liim. 1 he l)!!kf' ot Moiiiuoul.i wiuiKI no! ptr- 
 'iU.-'Ai \' hat \va^ e\[,eelcu ut' Im';, and i\uw eould his 
 ioiai-:.;!) help It .- 
 
 '1 ne coniL(.leiaie>, Spam, lloihind, Sweden, and the 
 re-t, vA\() wei'c no'v preparin_ lo le^isl t.he IVeneh, and 
 to pre-erve I'lanck !>^, \\(.ic verv an^rv with u>, tor that 
 V, e .^lill snpmelv p.:r.-i-led m ou.' neutrahty. and parti- 
 euia Iv the Sjiamard, \\!io .--aid il \\a- a breaeti ol" our 
 li aj'ie \'.il:i mm ; hat a.i i-emon-tranc(e- (d" tins -ort 
 \\ ( re \o none; i lleel ; om' k:!i_: prt'tt ndid his oun 
 aiiaw.- wcw m .-o ili a pi)-ti;i" al home, teal iiC could 
 iiot -o mueha-t;.mk ot m\ oe. ni^ nim^ li m a war; 
 \'. iiieh ('(jnlnanid li.c |ealon>v ol oni" ad:iiiinj to the 
 I;':ie;i mterr-t, and ol ii pii\a!e co;emvi'ee kepi up 
 v.\ll\ liiem, hv L.e mU i'\ em ion ot ine l)ii(:he.-> ol" 
 I'oi't.-monlli and oii.r;-. 
 
 '['i'.r. talk ot tiie town now \\ as, thai the Lord l*rivv 
 S( a! wa-, not weU with the kmi:, and tiiat at com t lie 
 met Willi (hx'om'a'j;* menl- ol" >uch a natma-, iis to make 
 !iim lelne Irom hir-mi --. I eomnmniea!;d tm^ to lies 
 l(jiik-a:p, on thi: llt:i. who tohl na', he iiad. nuleeal, 
 met wiin (h-eomaLeuM iit> liom some. I)i!t none' al ad 
 ;:(;mthe knr_^ lor laal ho wa^ a> \\(ll tli^ra a-- e\(a"; 
 and liial. there woaM he a I.nlner proilaeii ''; ui altau"-, 
 I I iiiil',; Inne. tlraei w.e- expectei!, and > pointed at
 
 284 iVJEMOIRS OF 
 
 the thing that I easily guessed what he meant. A few 
 (lays afterwards I was with the Duke of Albemarle, who 
 told me he was sorry to find that lord privy seal, 
 purely to outdo his anta2;onist Rochester, should have 
 had so great a iiand in bringing in Mcjntnouth, and 
 thereby have incurred the Duke of York's displeasure, 
 as well as the dislike of a great number of the loyalists, 
 who were before his friends. That, not many hours 
 before, the duke had told him, that if the lor-} privy 
 seal had had no friendship for him in any other capacity, 
 yet, as being the king's brother, he might have let him 
 into the secret, and not have brought in Mo;unout!i 
 quite without his [)rivity: that indeed he never could 
 forget what the lord privy seal had formerly done to 
 serve him ; but that he took a way, if ])ossible, to 
 make him foigct it; and that to his knowledge, 
 his lordship was still exerting his labours to re- 
 unite the king and 3iIonmouth. The Duke of Albe- 
 marle then cbserved, that his highness knew his rela- 
 tion to the lord privy seal, but that tiie loyalty and 
 respect he bore to his highiu'ss was more considered 
 by him than all that, and that he ho[)cd his lordship 
 desianed him no disservice in this affaii- with much 
 more to the same purpose ; in short, liis grace seemed 
 much to lament v. hat his lordship had done in fu'otir 
 of Monmouth. His grace added, that if the Privy 
 Seal would but trust him, lie would tell him how to be 
 too hard for Uochester, without recurring to such un- 
 popular methods. 
 
 On the 2d of January, I communicated the j)arti- 
 culars of this conversation to his lordship, who an- 
 swered, that he thercl)V perc(,'ived the duke had a mind 
 to be upon better n;easui"cs v.ith him ; but ihul, ah^o-
 
 siK JOHN in.id.-irr 
 
 '2>,., 
 
 luU Iv, lit' ii, 1(1 IK'l >CM1 lllC Dllkrof Mi-lllll')Ut!l ;-iiic-c 
 
 he la>l icU llic coin I ; tli;it a^ lu uh;it \\f t, ni doiic loi 
 lii,> l:i':k"(\ it \\a> purciv in oliCtliciicc lu (he kiiij- i oiii- 
 juuikU ; and liiat a> liu; kin.; wcjild not alhnv iiun, it 
 \\a- iiiip(j-sii)l(,' [\>v liini to have diM'lo.-ed ine niaUtT to 
 hi- hiLLlinc-> ; and conc-liulcil, thai he \\a> to dnic witti 
 tiir i)jkr ot' Alhcmaiic the ^\'(dnc^(hlv I'oUowiiij, antl 
 -houhl ihr hcltcr know what to sav \u hia ^lacc, it' h'':- 
 toiichcil iii>on till- atlan", ^-uicc I hiui taken cai'i to ap- 
 pi i-e hini u[ iu- t hou^iil-. 
 
 I Icaint iVoui a ^ical num, that u c were in ui) way 
 ol iiaviii'j a parhanient, Ihcic hciii^ ^-onic near the 
 kniLj, wiio advi-ed hiui to another wav ot" ridin;^ the 
 kuii:d(!n. '1 lie -aine gentleman, at the >aine time, hi- 
 menttd, tiiat now the tanaties had lujtiiin:; ekse to .'av 
 airani-t the ^o'veinnient. thev niu>t have r-ntlleicMit eause* 
 (j! eon)pLunt upon thit aecount, a? wed Ub on aeeount 
 <d -everal (Hher points now in ai^itation. Sonic d<i\-^ 
 al'leruard-, iiiv \^>\-(\ priw -eal told me, he had been 
 verv e.une-l wilii the kinu; t(j call a pailiament, ami 
 had repre-onted to hiiii, that thoiiL^h he had .slipped 
 liie oppoi tiiiiitv ot eallinii (Jiie immediatelv atter the 
 late plot, w iien he eould not po^sihlv ha\e tailed ot" one 
 aceoidni^ to liia mnid, and nii^ht tear he should meet 
 \\itii no <U)()d one now, he would (\o well to eon-itler, 
 luat the loniier he de!'e:red tiie ihm'j;, the woi-e it 
 ^\(Mlld he, and indeed >o vei'v had, that it mi'^ht be 
 n.-^ed a- an arjument i;e\ei" to call on*' more. I hat no- 
 tliin^oui^ht to ha\-e Ural weight w ith him, a.- iii- word 
 iM\iii to the people; that l!ic hiw Kipnred a parha- 
 mei'.t (o he ealled e\erv thiee \eai->; and tiiat, upon 
 tiie la-l di>-(di'l:o!i, iii^ maje.-tv had p|-oiiii-ed a leli- 
 11 ion- o;i-(. 1 \'aue-,' ' l' t:"' ! iv. -, hv a p: >,'. heni' ion ^etlii)'^
 
 80 ^lEMOlRS OF 
 
 forth his reasons for dismissing that parliament : that 
 the general construction put upon this was, that he in- 
 tended to call another within the three years, and that 
 he feared an ill use midit he made of his not doini' 
 what it was so generally supposed he certainly \^ould : 
 that though the aati monarchists were now at a very low 
 ebb, and under great discouragements, such liis majes- 
 ty's procedure might raise a spirit of discontent vvherc 
 it was least expected, meaning among those, who 
 though they were friends to the crown, were, at the 
 same time, desirous he should govern according to 
 law, and not only desired, but expected it, since he 
 had given his royal word, that he would do so : that if, 
 however, his majesty tliought i!0t well of tiiis, he would 
 be nevertheless .-o far from relinquihhing his service, 
 that he would make it h.is study to find out excuses to 
 make him easy with, the people. So then there was 
 no possibility or' seeing a parliament assembled, but by 
 some compul.-rion iVom a foreign cause, and nobodv 
 could tell, but tiiat if tiie war went on, the confederates 
 might be provoked to declare against CiS. 
 
 In short, affairs were now chieilv under the manage- 
 ment of the Duke of "^'ork, who carried every thing 
 uiih a very lofty hand ; but, what is very strange, the 
 I'.arl of Dauby was on the point of stepping out of tlie 
 Tower, though ai;alnst his highness's consent. Mv Lord 
 Privy Seal assured me his enlargement was at hand j 
 that he himself had been his lordslii[)"s chief friend, 
 and that the king luul made both th(.' duke and Lord 
 lioclu'ster seemingly set their ha.nds lo it. 'i'he duke, 
 indeed, appea''e(l to be hearty in it, and that the king 
 wa^so, there coukl be no doubt ; but Hoche.^ter ami 
 Sunderland did und.erhar.tl op[)ose it uith might and
 
 >ii; JOHN iii:Ki>p,v 
 
 JS7 
 
 i:,..:::. uiul -o ((^nUivca lliiU []:v indite iu.,.\t'tl loi/.i,! 
 'ill M- l()rii>:ii|) till lilt.- vcrv !a>l ilav (n" tiic l< riii ; 
 t;i(.M' t\\() l(jni> (lie ailinir. lli:U 1 )aiit)V iiiil:!iI loiii w iiii 
 Ilallilax \o waaki !i ihcir iiiicic-l. 
 
 .Aiiii iiD'A- ( !'('l)riiarv I' l wa.- rc-oivcil to ImIii^ ;i 
 i/iin ,, (i/-/-nh't(i. II Willi aiiv Cdlour ot" )'i-lic(: il coiilii \>r. 
 (lour, ;i^aiii-t liic cliaiUa' ol' \ ui k ; and two (ku^ al- 
 tiaw ,;i (U, I. (ad I )aiil\- w ,i-> i lilnl out ni !ii- loipj; t oii- 
 liii'jiiKMl (,I h'.,' V( ,ir-, ;;- w t If ;i'ii tla; [)(j[)l-a loiaU 
 wilt had lK(n iiiul; r d'irar.cr t\ia >ir' '^ t!ic liiiu; of 
 till Iii-t pint. l.oid l>;ii.!iv, raaic ti.r -aiuc dav to ki.~- 
 :il-> uiaii-K'- ;,a;id ;:it:a' l)Ldc!iaiil' id". wla.l\' I liap- 
 jiciK (1 t(; ln' ll|^(>'lt. 1 la; kiir^ r(.'ceiv( d liiin very 
 k.iidlv', and when the cail coiiiphilucd ol hi> loii'^ lai- 
 |iia-()!iiiic;;l, his iiaijoty told iiim, ho kiuw il was 
 a:^a:!i-t hh coii-ciit. whadi hi> lord>hiii ihaiikt'ullv ac- 
 k:io\\ ludL^' (I ; Iml tiu v liad ira luauuc .' ui piivato (h-- 
 (((111-0 loLi'thi. r. .Mv \m\\\ l'riv\ Seal caaio into tiio 
 prc-t.aico pic-ciitlv alloi', iiiid liiC t".\o hjial- ^ahititl 
 lac'i olhii"; hat it \'.a- \'(W ,-li_;htlv doiio on holh 
 -idc-- tlu- llCNl (\a\\ I.OW (.\ Cr, I WCMl iVoiii i!ic loi'd 
 pii'.N' -ca!, to \'-ail upon tho laih wiaai iii> h>r'!-iiip 
 (k-ii((l IOC to present iii< >ci\'K'o to h:ai, .uid to t(.ll 
 iiiiii. tliat he -h(jiiid ha\C' takcMi a iiioic paitaadar .-cjil 
 ol ikjIicc (jf Jiiiii, hut tiial iio lhoiij,:;l il would not 
 prove -(; UiUch lor io- -(a'vicc: and the vm\ >a!d, it 
 wa- loi" iho \vv\' -fit^ana' i ( ;'.-ou ho Irad h(.'havcd >(> 
 oHhthei I iiil\- t(),\ard> iu-^ haai-iiip; lor iiuic wa-> at 
 Oiat lnn( L!;i(-at ir.don-'. nl a li h nd.^nip hi Iw ci :i t;.r;n. 
 I .'/: d 1 )anh' OjIiI inc. iic w oc'd 1 1 tii c to h.- ho .-c niir 
 o| lo'\ II, i.or coiict 111 hiai.-i It w uii hu-iiu --, I :!oii_'i in; 
 doai-'i d 11'/: h'l! he innht i: l.r \'. ii;'d. h .t ii'i' npou 
 '- '!' 1; i' -1 /A U'-.w hho:; h" d' -.: I d, : I'l tore
 
 (288 
 
 r^IFMOIRS (3F 
 
 would have nuthing to do with it, declaring his aversion 
 to a French or a popish interest. He told me also, 
 the substance oi'wljat had passed between the duke and 
 him, at the vinit he made to his hit^hness, after he had 
 been with the king, and I thereby understood his lord- 
 ship was upon no very aftectionate terms with that 
 prince, lie said his highness told him, he had heard 
 he had spoken sliglitingly of him, and tiiat he answered, 
 It is true he had often been so unfortunate as to differ 
 M'ith hini in opinion, and could not he![) saying, that 
 he had never vet found any cause to rei)ent him of it; 
 but that for expressing himself any how against his per- 
 son, if lie heard so, tliey were whispers and lies ; and 
 desired to know who v.cre his informeis , but the duke 
 evaded that. In short, I found by my lord privy 
 Seal, that he and the carl of Danby had a good under- 
 standing together. 
 
 On the ist of IMarch, the king went to Newmarket, 
 and I followed him a few days afterwards; when the 
 Aveather being verv unseasonable and dirty, and walking 
 about the town with his majesty, he oh'scrved, that my 
 shoes were but thin, and advised :-iC to <ict a strontier 
 })air to prevent my catchii'g cold, uliich, though a tri- 
 vial remark in itself, may serve ibr an cxam[)!c of that 
 prince's great goodness and care for those {)ersons that 
 were near him, though ever so inconsiderable. The 
 manner of the ki;ig"s dividing his time at this place was 
 thus : he walked in the morning till ten of ihe clock ; 
 then he went to the cocikpit till dinner-time ; about 
 three he vent to ihe liorse-races ; at six he returned 
 to the cockpit, for an hour oulv ; liicn he went to the 
 phiy, thoug!) i!;eact(j:-i v.m' [,ut of a Icnil;!*- sort; 
 from thence to supnei'; i';f';: u- 'he 1 ): li;'-s ' f Ports-
 
 >iu .loiiN i(i:i;i>K\'. .- ! 
 
 i'ii);;t!i'< till l;rtl-ti!i:c ; ami >o to hi- own ;![, ii ta;c:il to 
 lukr i:H rc>t. 
 
 .MaiTh L'."'. Itt-^L l)Ut to ii. r. I' (lor.r \'. it'i t'l t -iMlo- 
 iiic-!ii- i;:\ii>i(>ii-. il ii;a\ \)C prcp'T r;-( [n talu' K'Kut, 
 Inal tiiC war anroau -niii'ii to h'j in lla' wav (>! a \li''/ 
 \aji iiL (()iit!iiiia!U''\ t;,o'i ,!i i.'n- I I't iH'ii kiii'.f Lad 
 c'ii .cti ratlin- a- tiacc or a j u'/ ha' a aci'laaa tc;':a ul" 
 \a!-: l);Li:i'ii jt. 'A a> iij^ai \c:\ i.'.'il > 'iuli' 'm.;-, he 
 
 I ! :- ::^ to l i\'' ii|' a;:',' t i: ill j; he i.ad ta!,.:), cal ia r iVtJMi 
 >pa:!i or t:a' ( iMj'ii'i', '> taal t.i!. .t \' a- lai i.,^^ liiaMiil 
 ti.a! liic loiili 'ItaaU - wiiiiltl aLTrc liait'ai. Ou: kii'Ll, 
 lj)\\t\\\ -cri )i!ii( (I llic litiicii Kiiij,".- I'lii'!-. V'l-iaa- 
 liii'iuki! : . a :a l!: ' ailiO-^ a- f'M-' aiaiai', aiiM ja'. aj;(al 
 lo !/(, i;aa:\:;i ' ' i; !<< i > '> a t; ic:a a -'a-a Uu ; c la; ' to a 
 
 I I o i a t . 
 
 M' ..:i wliii''. I a.l !(0r!ii -fi..i" 'i Mil iiiiieil [v a\rr!'al 
 f iiwaa- I') ailv la.ai. 1..^ IiKanI-, au'.l Mi'. ( iaih,! pain, 
 oia 1)1 I. a.' a aa a., -i^aai'- < i laa liaM-iirv, \'.a-; naitlc 
 '-.t'Mlarv 1.1 -Uila (-!'' I.'a.' ad ul AjTil, ia.-l>aul d >!i' 
 i-\(^iiv.l .kukia-1, wiiuiiad lia\(', h\' ;a i-oa ';:' i^-, l.'!'( at 
 a:it', la IH ti;a ; a j ;\ aa;ta.ai tlu L w '> aat naa! w it;i - 
 uiJl till- j' a uCi jKitiiai (il tijc Lad\' I 'or;,-ua>ir.'a. '\ uc 
 lord jiiivv -. al, tnc .-aiiic ua\\ 1 ^d. aio, t;aU iti:)iiad 
 uil ti a'~r (aaida.ac d Uilt 1 1 -1 - v\ i I'c .-'id a,- a\ '.'l i' 1 o liiili 
 a.T r\La', i!,'_' !>!a .:' \', a- laa ' ,; !a !. ~ - a.:; Lad to ;a;n a,- he 
 had ii--uaii',' la ' a ; ;a;l il \\ ;> \ ^ i v (li)'vaou -, lad la- 
 lord.-i!i|) wa- \i -1 la iaa-iii' -- d.;ai in lure ; hi- h),d-:a[>, 
 li(r,\tjS(r, [>.\ (( it. , , I-; :' \tiv l:i:j'' pMrlam I'i laf 
 lani^ -, c-'( I ai, ai,d w aal la .-.ihi had _ ii' I'.id , a;i'iaL 
 \\"(rj,aL \\!!a i;!-. .i,aii-l\. .\i,d; a;i 'a./ 1 l;:i oi M.i ', 
 ttio Diikc of \ n\k 1- d( cla.r! d Iwrd :.'.^'\ a-.i:a!;\u 
 ol' laa'.laad : laal i-, i>'' \'.a- n'.'.u-'a-; \'. iiii tii |-.ua 
 ai liial ()l!a;c, \'.i'dijal (.il.'ar the Ullc or inv p.i^Cw',
 
 90 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 because his highness could not dispense with the oaths 
 or tlic sacrament, a circumstance which gave great 
 offence to numbers of people. Nor must we forget 
 another thing, thougli of a private nature, which hap- 
 pened tills day ; for the Duchess of Portsmouth, con- 
 trary to custom, wain'ng on the queen, at dinner, as 
 lady of tliC bedcl^ambcr, her majesty was thereby 
 thro'vvn into such disorder, that the tears stood in her 
 eyes, while the other laughed at it, and turned it into 
 a jest. 
 
 News cams on I'iC 25th of this month, that the 
 French had possessed thicmsclves of Luxemburgh, 
 which our court seemed to be not at all displeased 
 with- but there wci-c those, and some of them the 
 king's best fiend-, v,i;o were extremely sorry to hear 
 it. that place being icckoncd lo be the key of Ger- 
 many, ilollaiid, and. ]dL;iider3, and prol'ably too op- 
 portune to advance the grandeur of the common 
 cnen^y. A few days afterwards, I vrcnl to Windsor, 
 to congraVulate the king u[)on liis birth-duv ; the crowd, 
 upon this occasion, was great, but as for gaiety and 
 gallanlry, there was but liitle of either, especially as 
 to apparel. And now the Duke of York is declared 
 of the ';!eat coun>'ii, commorilv called the ])rivy coun- 
 cil, wi.eiu'o he hud bjcn exeUuled ever ihnce the sta- 
 tute whicli recpfircvl the taking of oaths, which his 
 high!u;-s iefnsin;.^ upon this readmission, it Ijecame the 
 oul)ject of niiu:'!i Lid I., cUid was deemed to be a l.)reacli 
 of one cd' tlio mo-l fcolemn and most cx[iiieit acts of 
 parliament. 
 
 Intending for the n.frrlh, I ^\cnl to t..!:e leave of the 
 king on liie Jotii of .lun.e, \'>iio told n.e, that those 
 who had icrved him so carefully and to well as I had
 
 SIR JOlfN l!i:ni>!'.V 
 
 201 
 
 (lonr, >iionkl alwavs \>c in Iii^ tiionLili!-. and thiit I 
 sliould liiul it bo li\" ( \jiri K IMC. 1 \v:',U'(l a'.-o on the 
 (liikr. and d'-rtd lu-^ (:')nin:;ii:d> t.)r ^ u; 1. : !ic ?' Id 
 ine, t,L' (io'ilit'.d nwt Im;' I .~i:'"i!d do '.".li'ii I 'can:" n.j 
 tor his in;M' -iv".- -^ : \ i' f, ai ' ' I'.at in: :;; ^ .; ii ; m';, .. 
 d([)(ndMi lipon in*''. I ;. - i:- I !;' !i;"':i." -, I -I'i'iid 
 i:i'\< 1" tail ill iinv i>:;!'t ot iiiv trial : li'i i., ,.:'al ol' ;,;iri 
 to !.' aid.cn to lai -tta':!.'- ! '!ait ini j.t >: [ . ' nan tn my 
 j/ii imlicc. ! I'l. ! ;. ai t:;;u ( >.a ' ,' a ' i''"-. ..rd i'- daa- 
 ji', lilor-, ;!i;d laat :t "a- a: ; -"^. a^. !,:> !o ; i.p'; to 
 liv(j wdiaji! na au"-, .ad ( -j > r.^.ii' a- 1 l.,,d a- 
 lioiaaa <a >. ;a laa 'a, a 1 a;j: [a a't ran. . lo ai; a\ c^: ( . ad 
 and .oaa- (jI' -ajaaiwr !';ia,:v, \'-aoc'aild nut. i- :[ !ool-> nji- 
 (;a Ilia, tor liiaL rc>aon, 'Aa.'nan <'\c oi (a.\v. A /'W 
 da'.- altt rward-, I \ :a'a i a, a Lard l)anl)^, \'.lio in- 
 fo:a,: d an. liuit Lord K(j(dic^-'aa" \\a- alo.-aiiLj ni with 
 t'.L niiid, aili- lai a. not I -iiopo-a (ail ot" aa\ atiai'iion 
 t(r tht ai, hat to make hi:i:-cll tar -tron"*a- inwd a j iin I 
 lord priw -cal, who wa- -a-[M ctcd to -t<ind npon u 
 liriiitT !;ottoiii llian hf, ;aid coa-i 'i a a>t!v to ha ht'ilcr 
 ahh' to -aai! the >ho(dv ol" a ['.ai hanii nt, in lai-a t!ic 
 kiiaj; -iionhl \ir [n'c'.ailcd on to call uii ; hat, ahi-^ ! 
 j'aiiiainriit^ m miad to ha no ha.jvr thoaaiit of, ;ind to 
 hf (jintu (ail ol' door-; tor, il \".a- lajrd l)aniv".- oj.a- 
 iiion, thiTi; waia a \aa'v .^Irict coninnction Ijciwa ( n u- 
 and I'r.iia'o, thcaa^ii they had -o iatih/ taken I.axi'ai- 
 hniaiii, aad waac ilia Iv !o ^nclaa'd acaa)rthn_; to taair 
 0'.\ n w i-:n -. 
 
 I i( 'aimed to the noilii, and the Anaa-t rolloam,';, 
 we iaid tin' 'jraolal \':.\\- laat IJiahi had liat n ta.ia n ai' 
 t ae ( la.p' aa', hv tia' l)ah'o! laaa'aai; a- aao, a, .t 
 a ta.a''; wa- iiaair h. twiiai I. a: lanp. ror aiai la' I'^-'Jia 
 e! 1 iaaeo, w iarh hx )!-,ial a- itaa'aiLial p'Mi^a wai^ uL 
 
 c a'
 
 '202 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 hand, thai the Christian powers might the bLller exert 
 themselves against the presumptuous arms of the infi- 
 del. And what slill added to the good aspect of the 
 thing, we had advice, there had been great alterations 
 made with regard to the grandees at couit, and that 
 particularly Lord Rochester had been removed from 
 the liead of the treasury board, to that of tlie council ; 
 in which, though he was advanced in honour, he was 
 put backward in profit and power : it was therefore 
 most evidently what he never sought for, and as plain, 
 that Lord ILdlifax had brought it to pass : thus it was 
 tliat Lord Danby, now in tl]e country, conjectured ; 
 and it was soon conhrmed to me, by a letter from my 
 Lord ]Marquis himself, whe.cin he made use of these 
 words; " You may b-eljeve I am not at all displeased 
 to see such an adversary removed fro;n the only place 
 that couki give him [;ower and advantage; and he 
 hears it --vitli so iillle philosophy, that, if I had ill na- 
 ture enoiHih, he gives me sufficient occasion to triumph. 
 You see I c.uuiot hinder myself from imparling my 
 5;alisf.'Clion to so good a friend/' But the wonder 
 was, liow thu linger oi n:v lord privv seal was able 
 to eilbcl ihis agamst the siioulder of the Duke of 
 \ oik, whosilli coniinued a IViend to Uocliester as 
 much us ever, 
 
 I went to vi.-ii f!;e Duke oi' Xewca-^tle at his castle of 
 Notiiugliani, on ino 4 th of Septemljei", where the Duke 
 (;f ihickmghain had been not long i)efore, and giving a 
 long accei.nt of ;iiiuirs above, \vliich seemetl to in'i- 
 iiiale a.^ if^ r.ot'.viiiislanding what had lalclv happened, 
 the J'rciicii interest \\:is suU uppermost at court. Ilis 
 gi-ace told Uic akso^ liuit Ihickiugiiam was very angry 
 v>iih the Mar(|Uis of ilaliifax, for rcfuring to admit of
 
 MU .H >llN Kr.i:i.^l".\ . :m; 
 
 <i niu'att cniniiiui'.ir;! tioii witliliic 1 re iii'ii ;iir,i)n--,i(lor. 
 w liCIl 1k' oili I f(| tci liMlW Ihlll to !il- Iwrd-liij) : ;i;mI t!i iL 
 I lis ifriicc -1i!!mIi1 .-;iv, \<\- pow ( r \\ (-iiM lu vt ; 'm' cun-i'irr- 
 ;il)!c While liC coiituiMi i! ,!\(M'-r to t''.;il ip.' I't t. \].i\ 
 ill ((jiilradii-ti.-n lo li;!-, 1. tow aiiN tiu' ';itt( ; < : ; ! ut' t!ii-; 
 saiiiL' !i:()iit:u I'l ci ivdl a \( i\' kind !< l!ci' lioiii my I. mil 
 .Mar(|iii-, i'.i'.d o'lui'- fioir, \'vv\ '_:'<'''' ikm-m;i<, w: u-Ii 
 
 _M\C III!.' to Uiu!c;-tai, i, tlnM-C \', O'.,:! jMc/l.,'' I\- I;" S()ii;c 
 
 laitiur cnaiijc al CMi:!!, t!,;.! !ii- lo: i!-; J |i ^!o .-i v>;! y 
 liiiii witiitlu' ixiiii, ami tiiat il wa- IvlicviJ t!,.' powtr 
 ul lla~ rrcn-'ii inltii'-t \\a- >oiii('\'. li at al)at( il. 
 
 ( )ii liu: 'J(M:i (it' .Ia:uiarv, Id'--;,'), a y//" ..'/yr, ..','(', 
 wliifii lia 1 -o lo:;^ liiia a tciaal tiitiii, \\a..s ~(i',(i| upon 
 till' citv ul \ oils, aial li.c la-ohilioii tiic It'll jio;i, wa^to 
 ^' \)\\ ii[) tiio ( tiarlc r. aiiJ to olUT at no tlrti ]'.<' a'^aiii-l 
 tia' l^iiij; : 1 ('iul'i\ (Hired, a- imicii a< I Ci.ir. (.'iwciitly 
 ro'ild. to a.pp, ar <ai:lc iiidiiiiTriit oi; ( 1 1 :,( r -idr ; ii;it 
 aiaio-t upon t;a' iiack n{ [i\\<, I ;iad l::" -ad i.'a\-, 
 iViMii ti!>: I'.aii ol' ianii'mt:,',!, liiai !,i- n. di -I\ ;.ad li'aai 
 talxCii, upon tiic 'Jd ot 1 'eo; ;;a i'. , witii a li! ol'aii ajui- 
 p!( \\'. t,aai_:li lia'V c-;dU'd it an i j iiep--\- : aa.d (aal 1m> 
 l:ad coiitiiricd a- IL w i |-f (l'_ad alaio-t tint o 1, ;'i.-, nil 
 ia' wa- lii'fja'j;;:! t'o inn, -ell a^ai'a. hv lilieo.M--, cuppinj;, 
 VoliiitinL^, and -ev ;-;il otii; r lueail'- llial iiad ia en \\-li\. 
 Ill- lord-jnp iartiiei more, i:i in- K I ter, o: d Ted me, -o 
 lo di -[)()-' I a' tl.ii!.;- ;i- najnt l)e-l pre, mit d;-' ei i > inee> 
 anal tronliit . m eao hi- mie-iv -nonld nn! aTniiatt ly 
 ^nti'i' a. ie!i|-,': a'a! a:i l;a' m tM'--.:.'v pit eau lion- 
 \\ ere taiNt ;i ;.eeo;- ! , : t'.oayi e,;i.m t!i;' n; ". liiat 
 1 1 K' la n _; \'. a - 1 e : ' e . ' i e . : m ! m - o ; e ' v. w t I e > n ! i : e . - 
 ;'niee, In- la' \' a- no' a, : leil iioiili:( - an, 1 w ' ' n_,- in 
 m'rputm a -man In, id mn.ln; Ita' tint a ..i - aiicr- 
 '.'id-. we l:ail new ^ lir.it m- inaie-tv wa- lalltni inio :
 
 'if)4 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 relapse, and that his pliysicians were in great fear he 
 coiild not recover. At this uo doubled our diligenee 
 to secure peace and quieines:-, and lo pi'cvcnt any ob- 
 stacle that might start up in prejudice to tl 3 Duke of 
 York. Two days afleruards, Feb. 7/, cauio news, that 
 my great and good inaitcr was departed this hfe. The 
 mail came not in till four in the morning, w'nen I was 
 sitting up to receive it, resob/ed to sufier no letter to 
 go out till I iiad been wilh tlie Loid iMayor, and the 
 High Sheriff, to v.lioni I imaiediately delivered their 
 own ie'.Lcrs, by which tiiey bad orders, together with 
 myself, from the privy council and tiie secrjetary of 
 state, to proceed inr.iiefhalely and pi'oclaim James the 
 Sccciido As soon ui v.:- had gol every thing ready for 
 tiii:j ceren;ony, winch we had before day, I gave leave 
 iov tlie delivcrv of the rest of the letters ; and by seven 
 in liie morning, the higii sheriti^ met by the arch- 
 bishop and most of the gentlemen in tlie town, moved 
 tovvards the Castle-yard to {)roclaim the king there, 
 while I caused all tlie garrison, ihe necessary guards ex- 
 cepted, to be drawn together in the Thursday market. 
 i)V nine in the niurnin.!; of iIjc Sth, the kimj was nro- 
 elainjcd by my lord mi;yor, the high sheriff, and myself; 
 tiic first did it in tliC usual phiccs in the city; the 
 second did it in tlie Ca-tlc-yard for the county, and 
 I did it in the 'i'hursday market, lo tlie garrison 
 there drawn out together ; I then ordered a double 
 discharge of tl.c arliliery, aiid several vollies, accord- 
 ing to the orders I had for lh:it end received iVoiU my 
 Lord Simderland. All this v/as trai^.-acted with ;dl 
 i::;aginable token of peace and joy ; not only in Vorl-, 
 but afterwards thrc;UL;Iioi!t tlie whole county, and in- 
 deed, liie whole kinifdom.
 
 Ill JOHN iii:in:srA 
 
 lli.il .-<J ~'!i)i;; ;i |i:i;tv .(> hrd rcai'Cii il- i, ;:'.,; I'l ]>i''i- 
 aiiii.'i,t. aii'l -') i'( rt!i;;iL'N):'-!v Cii'lid (/'.it lor i'." < >. - !-,i- 
 -!on nf tilt' 1 ),;!.r 111 \ ui 1;, -:.i>,!!i| wr.w tip'in h,-, ,[[*_:,- 
 >ii)n ;u'i iU!v'-( t' lo ii:iii, \\i[.\ ^'Ar:\ d; 1>t( iici,' a;;il ':';u-' 
 Mil'iMi- io.i. lliit il ii;;r. I..' ;a\'>ii!u^:(i. llicv we::' [\\\a:\- 
 of t'iic (litltTcncc tiicn: wa-- bLl'Atc.i llic ^piiil ul' l:.^ 
 laic ai: 1 t;ic prc-ciU kiniz : tiaj '.'nvw.cv ll.cv t'liwivilit. 
 iii!jl;t. I(jr pcaoc ^a!:'', iic .-o;)!,''r [t\u ij^ii; to ahainiou 
 lii- li'.'ulhrr. liiau tic l.ilti r tanu!'. to i\ 'louiicc hi.-> 
 rU'li* a:ul t:lli' lo tarcc knim_l!aj<. I'ta' l\ar ol" a war. 
 iliil wiial -ri'vc'l la \( ;'\' c|(.;^ na.'a-arc to (ji;a( liic 
 ii.iiuls ami allav lii'' iia->;;ai- of ni' n, wa^^ Kmil: .laincs's 
 <lcclari\li(_)n to ti)c orivA (arai-.a! ii!i!!j(;,!i,. tci\' -.HI. a' tlio 
 liix-alli was out nf la- bioUaa'"- lio.iv, \'. la. ioiv i)c pio- 
 :ii;.-cal to lU^i'viui [\,v (j;(nern!iaaU of I'ai;_laihl, bolii ni 
 c'.an-cl' aiut f^t'.li', aiu! caiaMi.lI-. lo li-cad in the loot-lcj s 
 ot' !ii< iat(.' iii,,|<'^tv, wiia I'f.auil Id lii^ iuiul:i('-s ami 
 lrnit\- to-Aai\I- ii:- p.oj^lt;; a;al l::al a- on t:a' CaK: 
 liaiiil. \\r \', oiilil (!( I'.aal Ihc jii^l li^iil- aial pi i rojalivci 
 c<l' I i)f ci'ow 11, .M) fill [',.{ ulla. 1' I:',' \'. (jmIo iii\ ,.i:a r.o loan'^ 
 pr.^p. rtv. 
 
 I 'a\Ml ut Yd:'.: a lew (ia\- to la . ; Itic iuace, 
 >,.al, in t;a' iiuan liaa-, ia. ! iiolira !;():n tiic p!ai[i;,r 
 haiai.-', tiiat I wa- ciaitiiiiH (| m inv c aniiiaaal. a.iai t'aal 
 1 lual lca\a' lo -i I oal l' a' Loiaiiai. a- !, iMi'artl ijail 
 iU-irci|. Tail on la" l!':n [..' ir l)a_an to lc -n .U 
 iliati'a at (amrt : !. .; 1 K-aiic^U r w a - iha<M' 'oial ia.di 
 trt. a-wi! r oi 1 'iMianil ; !(a(l \)\iv\- rial \\a> inatio hao 
 prc-al'ait of t !u; (aanir.l ; w huai I iioa -a il \-. a-- a jtcp 
 ta'ajiar a- lo pfai r. n w n, umicIi ifaihl'al laat i! wai^ 
 no I a I hi - lool-iap'- (i- ^ai' ; tiic tiaol aaia {'f' M ol I no 
 .'ii\\ -cil IK ln_ lai^a J I" be an oNCii'aivinLa' ['A' lh(>
 
 cg6 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 honour of the othci-. And now we liQ;] liie r:grecai)lc 
 prospect of a pariiaincnt, which il was said i:is iriajcbty 
 intended should meet in May next. 
 
 It was now l)eyond all doubt thai tiic Idii:- uas a 
 papist; for on the 13th of April he wecc pubhcSy to 
 mass, though he ordered the chapel of Wdiiiehull to 
 be kept in 67/z^ quo; wiiither the Princess of Denmari: 
 repaired daily, while the king did the same to the 
 queen's private chapel. In the interim, I was chosen 
 a member to sit in the ensuing parliament for the city 
 of York ; and with this new charge, I this day sat for- 
 ward for London ; where being arrived, iny Lord 
 Marquis of Halifax told me, he and Lord Rochester, 
 the treasurer, were now very v>cll together ; that he 
 had used his constant endeavours to serve the king, 
 and that he would continue lo do tlie same ; but that 
 he iiOped his majesty would not think of imposing hio 
 religion on hiui ; which he seemed sorrowfully to a])- 
 preliend, the most considerable posts in the army in 
 L.'chuui, L'cing nou' put into the hands of pa joists. 
 His !oi'dsiil[; ihcu rccaUed to me several mslanccs of the 
 late kiiV:5's 1 indncr;5 to him, and cerlainly no man was 
 deeper ii! his f.ivour, wlum nis majesly ^va,^ unfortunately 
 'Bnatciicd a-/. ay, than my lord marcp.iis. A Irwdaysaf- 
 teru'ards, i wailed on Ins m.de^lv, k;^r-ed his iiand, and 
 at tiic same time pit -entcd him wAli an ad(lre.::s iVom 
 the vviung men of ihc^ city of \ ork, Viiio iiad petidoned 
 me lor h';:ve to exercise tht,'in-ci\ c:> <it arms on certLiiu 
 days en' [\./ year, wincli the king recvixed very kii;c.ilv. 
 
 'l^lie ticxt ckiy my Lord HaUiiax told mc he 'iacl had 
 two private auoi(;accs ui the kiii:, and that he; had iis 
 ;^nch phun ter.n.-. tohl luwi his mind, {'.pen tiiC grand 
 point of governmcp.t, that he much v.ondered tJif;
 
 sni joii.N i;r.Ri>!',^ 
 
 ^ji 
 
 i.'iUS, con-iciciiii'j; lii*^ natuiMl U'ihik r, too!, ii wnn I'u.it 
 raliuix ,-> aii'.i co'iipd-ufc li iii>i. lli- l')!'i-'i!|i [..>'.\ 
 oi)<L'i'\(Ml, iL |)i)--i:)lv inij'.il \)C m-i-'ial on, liia! -oin- 
 act^ .^iiDMul, 111 Uic c'ii-.iii:rj; pai liaiin iit. Ik' IljicmuiI, 
 N\iiic;i wu'.iM ici|Uiic' a w^ii.ilv ami iiia'iire litlitHTa- 
 tioii ; iiial t'liii'lu'd oil -oiiic ll)iii'i,> ii'it ai[()Ll(,'lii(.'r ^ly 
 
 lit lo IK- lll-ri'U d i;i ll:!- \i\.[( V. 
 
 I i-.i !.i:iu wa- doAiutl and the ([ui (ja in Wotmin- 
 .-U r .\. .itj. 1,11 li,.' 'J.iil (jf .\pril, Willi all iaia.jnat.;.. 
 p 'ui;i and niauniticcmx', cxcc])! tiial liicrc was no cal- 
 vaic.t Ic inrua^n liic (nt\, a- the cu-luiu had turiiifily 
 in ( ' . ; . 
 
 d la n' iiiajc-lk^ \\\nl ii:i\-alcd-.' t(j iht' |.ilacc al 
 \\ c.'.lnnn-tLi'. wiicif lii-'w Ha iiolalily, aiul ail tiic olll- 
 cci; u[ Inccntjwn pat on t'nii' ro'ac-, ioi ni ihtn-, and 
 cn~;-ii-, and llicncc iaajc(a'(h'd lia'on'i.'n raauT \ ard, 
 lad'd m anal prcpaia d i'*,- that parpos(". in [),cici'--i()n 
 la \\ t-iann-tcr Ahh' ., wnt^n.T in^ c 1'.?ui'jip/ iKiaif 
 (_a)ai[i.c t( a, ihiA ah iL'iarnLd lo lac a dh tuaiiuj^t 
 san.pt naa- diiiarr. Aad now inc ;i('at!cna a of the 
 ii(ja~(' f)t ('aa,ai(;a- l)f_;aa lo coii-airr w aa! l,u caauL 
 aajiit den. and ul liKiii, a? wihl a- waai ia,_,aL he 
 ^iiaal'M al taa approachiii'^ >L'~-ioa, thr paihaniiLaii 
 Col.- i-lii:^ oi a La aL iiandai- ol loyal U(aitl( iiu ii, wiio 
 \\ai\' iK'Ncra.. la -^j ^oial pdiiol-^, and iruc proti -lant-. 
 1 a'' ! jioit \\(.ait, liiat iheic would \)C mora rc<|iii|-ad la 
 hi !.,ha ol pop(a\. than lao law- now in loiaa wonhl 
 ahow (a ; aad t .at Iw Kaa_ cxpia'tcd ihc -lUhinoat 
 (*t a (aa.- ...a u \a ana njion iani, .^nitahlr U) that ol lia: 
 hil'' hma, ha-.h. - a -aai ol icadv iiioncN' Uj >ah\a aa iiis 
 pKMal (;CCiL-ain-~ 1 hat in lavour ol pop* r. il woahl 
 \>- pa pi d to !( peal the //..'/;((..v ci,)'pus act, w aiaa I 
 .. I .- aiai;a oi)Mo.-t;d !i\ M)ina 'jr. a I uiu -, ni ti'ca"
 
 208 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 private discourse, as well as by some of us ; and to en- 
 act a general toleration or liberty of conscience, which 
 some seemed willing enough to subscribe to ; though 
 at the same lime, the resolution was to admit of no 
 alteration lo capacitate papists to enjoy any place or 
 cmployuicnt in or under the government. As for the 
 affair of moncv, n;en in ijeneral seemed willing to 
 settle an handsoaie revenue upon the king, and to give 
 him money, bat whctlier their grant should be perma- 
 nent or only temporary, and to be renewed from time 
 to time by parliament, that the nation might be the 
 oftener consulted, was the c}uestion : in all this, 1 
 resolved punctually to do my duty to the crown, but 
 not to be unmindful of a due regard for my country 
 and my religion. 
 
 On the 4th of May I had some discourse with Mr. 
 Ililliard, Sir lloger Martin, and olhtr gentlemen of 
 great consideration with the popish party : they told 
 me, the king would expect a repeal of the sanguinary 
 laws ; that the papists should be allowed the private 
 exercise of their religion, and that they, at least such 
 as had served the royal family in the v/ars or other- 
 wise, should be capable of employment under him : 
 that the king would, in parliament, give full satisfac- 
 tion to the nation, with regard to their religion and 
 properties; bul tiiat if reason would not serve his [)ur- 
 pose, he knew \vhat he had to do. That the king 
 would never divide the regal power by admitting of 
 that of the {)0[)e ; that his majesty was too fond of 
 power to be guilty of th:il oversight; and that his 
 adhering to the defence of tlie churcJi of England, 
 would on the other hand, deter the pope from pressing 
 him to admit of his supremacy ; in short, that it wai
 
 sill JOHN iM:ni>in 
 
 '~ji 
 
 \-.\\ !( .iM)iiaMi' tliC kill'.: --liouM iiiM^t on tir- M-!,C;;| of 
 t!i/ -( v( : ;:i pciiil ! r,\ -^ n. ii; -t I'.c p ip^M- ! i:' t:.,'t i, lii 
 ;l.!)i,M (!';, l.c womM 1c;i'.(' tl.ciii mas ill ii j :! i._;";it a liC 
 {"aunil li)Ciii : Ij.iI whal vnihIoiu (jr .-;':>: li,tir w i- \\\ 
 \.\\n-c \\\\(), at till- tiMi , (NJuKi Diit 1' al -i;. !i a! L:a;iK Ills, 
 nc;'(l not lie >:\a\. 
 
 I wailcJ on the l^inu i:' !;:' l'^irL;c frum ^\'llilcilall lo 
 Soiia ]>( l-iioii-(\ wlicrc hi- went to visit tia; ([uocu 
 lowaucr: il wa- upon lliis ilav, llial thr uotial Doctor 
 ()ak.^ \". a- cc'iuictcd ot' ixajury, it htiivj; provcti, liial 
 lieu a- at ^t. Oincr's tlif 'Jitli ot' AiMal, lo;>, wiicn iiC 
 :-\vorclM ua- at t!a; W'iiilc-liorrc 'i a\ai n in the Sti-a:al, 
 Wiicro I'lcki'riivj. Cii'ovc^, Irclam!, and other ic^uit.s 
 .-ij;!i('d the tlealh ot" Iviua ^ harir< the --eoml : this wlis 
 a L'l'atelul neariiii; to tiie kniLi, '^^'i"-' thereupon ob-crveti, 
 tnat, iialeeih tin :'c liad heea a ineelinii; ot' the je-uil^ 
 liiaL ihi\, aiul th;il all the schioiar-^ ol" St. (Inier's 
 kn;\\ (;i It, hilt tiait il -a a- w \\ I)' elor ( )al( - kiuw no 
 hettci' \\lRi"e It \s,i- to liL' : tui'. .-av- iii.^ iniii-!',, taev 
 UH'l in St. .la.nu.-'s. wiave' I lla;n hi\id. \shahi, ir()alis 
 liail hut knowUj h(; \'.oul(l have cait out a li:a' .-p..t nt' 
 ^-^fM'!-. tor nie. 'I !a' kni'j; then ,-uh|MiM'al, tiiat ( )ates 
 eiin.; tin:-- ecjiuieled. tin' pop ^n p.'j! -.vas now di ad ; 
 to whieli I an->".\ erniL';, that it had Iuiil!; .-inee lieen drad, 
 and tlait now it \Noiild he huiied; hi- maje-Iv -o w t 11 
 appa'oVL(l (jt' the turn, th.it ij;(anj; witn him al'tei-wai'ds 
 to the I'rinee-- of l)uiaiark, I lu;ard him I'epeat 
 it to her. 
 
 'i lu-ee (jr toui' dav- aflerward-, \\r jiad ad\iee, liiat 
 
 a .-tore ol' arm- hail hctai houLliit up m llolhm I, arid 
 
 "..vrsad into Seolland : aiul li.at I.oid .\i ;vlr. l.:)ril 
 
 <iU'y, and -onie .-aid the hake ol' .Miae.i :... weio 
 
 la.iHv '4()Ue V. nh rhem (a' all(.a' t'!i(.an.
 
 S.OO MEMOIRS OF 
 
 Meanwhile, the parliament assembled in the usual 
 apartments at WrsUiiinstcr, on tlie Ijdi of ]^lay, but 
 did notiiing tins day but tiiho the oath?, find chuso 
 their ?|.C'iker, Sir Jehu Trevci", who was coniirmed 
 by the king: the two next (Uiys were a'iO tcd\en up 
 in swearing the members, and taking the test. On 
 the twenty-second, the king made a spcccli to both 
 houses, and therein assured them, ho would support 
 and defend the ehurch of England, wdjose members 
 had ever been most loyal in tlie worst of times, in the 
 cause of his father, and the support of his brother ; as 
 also to adhere to the government l^.oth in chin'ch and 
 state, as by law esLablished ; and tliat as he never would 
 depart from the just rii^lits and prerogatives of the 
 crown, so neitlier would he altempt to invade any 
 man's property, lie desired of us suitable returns in 
 settling the revenue on iiim for life, as in the late king ; 
 and concluded with an account he had received from 
 Scotland, that the ivail of Argyle was landed with men 
 and arms, on the M'eslern Islands of that kingdom ; 
 and that the said lord had published two declarations, 
 in both of which he charged him with tyranny and 
 ysurf^ation. 
 
 The commons returned to their house, immediatelv 
 yoletl, that the king's speech should be taken inlo 
 speedy consideration, and were so well {)leased with the 
 ROicmn security tlie king had given them as to their 
 religion and proiierly, that tiicy voted him the very 
 same reve;uie for hi.-, life, as had been c:t;oved bv the 
 late king for his. 1 hey then voted, tliat tiie king 
 irhould, by the wliole house in a body, be thanked for 
 ).is speech, ni which tiie lords coLciured, and it wa-
 
 ^1.: j(>ii\ r;r,i;r.-i;i 
 
 i'>\ 
 
 ac'i - II ii-:..:! . tidiic li.c ;' \t u,iv ; \". i.rii iin ,' i.irtiu. riiioni 
 \';vi ail aiitlrc--^ t' n.- iii,i|i l/, ii-M:ri:i^ iiiiii. t:;(V 
 \".i>i!!(i Utml li\- l.iiii Willi ii;( II livc^ and lurluiu-, 
 a..!i:i~t. Aij". l.-, i.i- a''t!iftr-, ami all ollar t aitors 
 V, ;,.it ( r \ t !' : ^.i..^_ll iiciu.1 iM'i-'-:ili al a.taa .: li.iiil . to llic 
 kiwj. iic w,;- jaa ill \n a'l^w;'.. liiaL ia' ( \[)cct(il no 
 I 1;^ ';i a r i:!ia;;a I'l c .: i; iii!v iii.i'l;' ii_) of inonai'- 
 i:a .! ,:;, i ( ;,:,,!( i' 1 irilaial iia ii, aiai liiat he >l;uuUl 
 It ai iiO ,, ( ,Ui( 1 iiad or iii,_!il iia\(;, wiiilc he 
 
 ha^l i.ii:ii < -.!.. .\:ii.l now al; l!i;;rj..s >(. riiKal lo 
 
 Miiilo \\:t:i a \ ( ; \- a i-piL'ioa- i (.;i.ii:'!ia;;C( , liir kiiij; 
 torhcai ii! j; liio i'a-t aiK.uaa- to'.'.anU a {[...wiv of i"c- 
 hiMoii, and .-ta aiMj; to h( h( ii! (j,.iia lai' contrai'v wav. 
 In lh(.' lUid-L (^f till-, a iiioiioii \; a> mad-: in the 
 hon.-c, on 'ac '_-lt'n, li.al .-oia; lian.^ iio'.v >h()uKl he 
 doiK' t( [I'aa-t." \'..v juo|:ic, uft' r ?tj much had hc(,!i 
 tiont to ui'ato ; t:a i.i;;, ; pomlhi:: al a pr{j|u r .s<,'{'urity 
 lor t la' |>: otf' ::;i,i i a i i^ aMi ; a pon w men a lu halL' aii.-^- 
 uij. It \'. .;- i;i ; ,"( a o) I aM^:;a:;l' U I ( '1 K iiL:!(jn. 1 his 
 connalkc, liaj nt \i ili-'. j) i-^i d a voL,', inal the hou>c 
 
 -houhl he naiW d i'\ !,i:'in, to i'; -o,\(' lo -land h',' the 
 
 kii.L:. \\i;'i li'.' :!' i.'.a and i'>rt;.i . -, ;or I'l'' delmcr ot 
 inc i(aij,ion (n i.,' ( hnich ol l.a.d aid, a> h\ hiw (.-lai)- 
 h^ljcd : a- al o to |ir;^iail an a hhc-- to liic knij, lo 
 ix-ne oal !ii- io-.al pi a'hnna i loa, ior [aii'nij, ihc hi\\.s 
 in e\(cut: m a_ai;;-t ;dl di enia.- ol \\\:a\ (h nonnna- 
 tion -o' \. I', ; a::d [.{.- \(.l' , tiaji)L::i ;a a \i.:v lidl 
 coniMi.t i ' ' . pa id /: ' /! , '. .' ;..:. ', ('/. /a. 
 
 l! It I ,! n. \! da loll, poittal 
 
 lo l!a' iaiii^c, a oi n I - . ' " llic iioii-c 
 
 MiOidd ron^an' \\ i : a I ,< , ' . . ' i i , la .; - .'.oat 
 l:a' I. ., ^-M 1 ;! .,!- ,,] ^ . , I. ' 
 
 : ' a, . (.^1 a n' _ ' ' oi . ; . ^ ol
 
 S02 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 peace were in fault that the laws were not more duly 
 executed ; that votes of this sort would alarm the 
 J\ingdoui, and might create a jealousy of the king, who 
 had so solemnly declared his intentions to defend our 
 religion ; that the king hnd told us, tljo way to keep 
 a good understanding between him and his parliament, 
 would be to use him well, and that he could not but 
 take this amiss ; and {inally, that it might be an en- 
 couragement to tlic rebels alixiidy in ariiis in the king- 
 dom of Scotland, and so on. I'o tiiis it was answered, 
 that it would have hut an indifferent look with the 
 nation, if we, being members of the cliurch of England, 
 should let sr.ch commendable votes in favour of our 
 relij^ion drop uifoceded : at length the previous ques- 
 tion being put, whctlicr to agree or not to agree witli 
 the committee, it was carried in the negative. The 
 whole matter then was sunnned up in this vote, that 
 an address shouhl be made to the king, purporting 
 that the house did entirely rely on his royal declara- 
 tion, that he would defend and secure the reformed 
 religion of the church of England, as by law estab- 
 lished, by far dearer and nearer to them than their 
 lives. 
 
 On llie r>Oth of this month, v.-e had information, that 
 Argyle had penetrated into his own territories in the 
 nortli oi" Scotland, wiiii a body of 3000 men, and that 
 lie was fortifviniT hiniself there. The next dav 'he kin^ 
 came to the house of lords, and passed the bill for the 
 continuance of the revenue of excise and customs for 
 his own life. Having done this he spoke to both 
 h.ou-es, ant' 'Jianked them for the cheerfulness and ala- 
 crity whereu il!i liiev had [)asscd tl>e same ; he said, 
 their disp'atch was as pleasing to liim as the bill itself;
 
 Ml: .h)ii\ i\\w>\'.\ 
 
 jii : ;.,r li.t' !M\'v ivi!il (irdiKir/jc >lori_s. \i>r [>. :.,.', dii 
 itic Kite l..iii^'- (kS*- to hi-, MT\.r.;t- a",!i r.i;i!;;y, ;i'-:l 
 lor (l( Ira", i';_ [l\c v'l/w^') iic wa- like 1 i he at in li'itli- 
 in:j t::(.' I'tlx/i.. ..i i i S-o'.Kiini ; h'l t.ii'ii rfCouniK inkni 
 t.hc iiuw t!j ';-. a- iht -irrii.tii an i -loi'v of the iialioii ; 
 a-.:i;Mii'.^ u- in; had a Irur I'li'ih-li Ik art. i^aUjiH ul t;ic 
 h(jii(jiii- (;!' til'.' i..ili(in ; an 1 tiiat Ikj j i'.MH'.i n.n.-cli 
 \Mih t,;<' lhi,i: ::.l-, hv ( lOil'- hlc illj an 1 I'l-ir a:^>i:t- 
 ancr, to lai-c tip n jiut.'.lii'n (il'it ;:i lia' 'Aorhh hiiilit-r 
 tiian It had tvri' vi t hi ^ n ni the i!,;\ (! an\" ol in- 
 aiKx -tui ~. 
 
 '1 ni- .-[Lac!! hrin^ taken into coii-id iMti on, it \'.a-, 
 
 \i\ a couiniillcc ot tiic wlioK' iion.-!', vol; <1 tiiat a >ii[)- 
 
 j)ly -'-iiouhl \n' L^i'an.ud to iii- Uiaje-tv foi' th'' u-c tlaaa ni 
 
 s[a mil. d. W'iiih' L:/in'^> wcao '^oiirj; on in tin- ca-v 
 
 and iiai anonioi:- i nan nor, \\v liad now.-, ii'om Lvmc; ni 
 
 1 )u!^ot-:.ii o, li.at liio 1 )nke ot' Mo'.anouin w as 1 ;ndrd 
 
 in tiiat n, i^nln i.: i.ood^ w ihi anni- tor 'Ji mm jO men, to'_:c- 
 
 ihor wiiii (ittiroi--. ;uid M)hi:or-. to tlio nunihi'r (/I'ahuut 
 
 'J"u ; tiia.t nranv of th-/ poojilc fl.>.t^ld la to hmi, from 
 
 liait tai'lKJii- connti'-'. and l:i,it he iiad lieclarcd iinii- 
 
 ^-od tiic ]irol(a'!'jr t;f t.io prot'-t-oi! roii.non. ajai'i-L 
 
 popcrv. \\ i'ii ail -juid tiicn ti:v' . inir '(.nt (hnvii tin) 
 
 Dnko (^f Aihomr.uio, tlic h)rd lioiUia.ant oi" tlrit pait, 
 
 to rai-ij the nid.lia ; and alier iiiiii. -oa.o io!n[):'.nir- ol 
 
 t!io .-tandinj fo'/t, aial -.v Iroo;;- of hor-e and dra- 
 
 L;0(;n-. l.viiK^ i- nalnraliv a - i!"o ;ii',d ad\ anta^.' ou- 
 
 po-t, and 'a- ni M(ania)iidf- p;)\\(a' ; -o inat in. two 
 
 or thi'(rd;iv- lo'.i; ( , wo 1 loard ! ic \\ :: - ;y'o-tron_'; ! .t, 
 
 at ih'' -an;- time, ll, at \\ir Dnk- <( Adion; n ie ;.ad 
 
 :'a!-i d t:.e M:i iti;', -nai v,.'~ mar./:. in;! !o',',ard- ;...n v..\:i
 
 504 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 The king no sooner heard that Monmouth was 
 landed, as we have said, than he communicated the 
 same to the commons; upon which they immediately 
 voted him their thanks, and resolved in a body of the 
 whole house, to wait on his majesty with their own 
 address, wherein they promised to stand by him with 
 their lives and fortunes, against that ungrateful rebel 
 James Duke of Monmouth, and all others whosoever 
 they might be ; such were the promising bc^ginnings of 
 this short and memorable reign. Soon after comes 
 Monmouth's declaration, wiiich the king, the next 
 day, sent to both houses, who attended iiim that very 
 day, and voted a reward of 500(~/. to any body that 
 should take him, and bring liim to liic king, dead or 
 alive. I'his declaration charged James Duke of York, 
 for so it stiled the king, witli the burnir.g of the city, 
 the death of Sir Kdmundbury Go.UVey, the mnrdcr of 
 Sidney, and Lord IiUbseli, v.ilh the poi.-onin^ of the 
 late king, and tearing his cro.\n iVoni his head : it 
 charged him also with being a sluvc to popish councils, 
 and with ])acking the ])resent parliament; and that 
 therefore he \vas come to icvcnge all these things on 
 the pretended king ; tliat iic would never hearken to 
 any teruis, or accouuxkuion until his v.ork v.as com- 
 pleted, and that as he wai^ resolved to give rio quarter 
 to those that oppo.^c him, he exloi led all good })eo[)le 
 to come in and assist him. To tliis he suhjoined, that 
 he had a Just title to tlje crown, but that he would lay 
 no claim to it until lie had called a free parliauicnl, to 
 whom he was ready to give full saiisfactifju as to tliat 
 matter ; that parliaments should sit every year, nor be 
 dismissed until all grievances were rethessed, and that 
 he would grant liberty of conscience to ail manner of
 
 SIR jniiN rj:in>>r.\. 
 
 f 
 
 lie, not cxclii:!';).; v\i'a iI^l' [> 
 
 ' t " - ' ' 
 
 :i : :!.-K a 
 
 ii.(.' f 111 liii' -.1:1.1 s[\ .;;:!. 
 
 .\If:i!r.v !ii!(', r;i;>!!' i;-.'.v- t!i;'t Mi ',i::ic)i;rli i.iv'ii'- 
 )i!:i; f!;cii o;it of iL" to.-. 11 ol l/;iii'.' \\it!i C!") To K :i:: 1 
 ]n^l-((j!;e, Ijciil nut v\ r'li .-ornc (;t' llic 1 )i)i'-;r-'!M:o !i;iii- 
 li.l, r.illril oil li.c.ii. i.i.'v;! -frvcial ji(M"-oii-^ of iiotc. :i;nl 
 l.il'.^n :r(Kiit' [)i'i-')i!'.-i''. Ai!*l iio'.v ri:i adiiiti ti".:!! -:ip- 
 j;'. I- vo'a I, Icr (it t; <i\ ::i4 ll.r rvpciicr of \\.c \\;.r, 
 ii_^;ti;i-l tf:c Dil.c ft' .M>it:;iio;;:!i. 'i"!,c iio;:-c> ;!i)'.:i 
 till- ()'.'. i-!:);i i('-'::m',1 ii-ili' into a co::!-!!!! tco ot' t;i;.* 
 Wwolf, to con iii'.r c;i ih \\ r;- ao-l n.-c.':;- ;Vir im:-. i- 
 tiii-^ i!',",v s:i[i[jlv, V(tt>i til it i' <:ioii!i| i);j Ic'.ird upon 
 ,-iU'li new toi;n;i;i:io:i~. ,;- fjid ri' ;> 'rolt ;ipoii -a iihiii liio 
 (oiiij);i>.s ot I'lc l)tli-> of n!'.)::,il:lv, Miirc ti.( viW!' I(fi', 
 t'xrcjilni^ t:;t.' l.ilc l:":h'!':i1 Uio v.\ tiic city ot' Lo'id >( 
 and i)iM'Vi..'i of So'.i'lr.M'i k. S;co;:dl\, ti] it II blio;! I 
 he k\i'vd oil's ll|>M'i !;:' ':'.'.[<, of tilC >aill" ilO'i-C^ f);' 
 H.i le':;ii (.1 i,::'- \o:i!'. j'.'i y W '. i);)o;i -Midi l"i p';".d it ;o!j- 
 as wciC iioA la: !. ri;i!:\,'\, I.m! t::ri\" .-!"ioid>i I'L' :l 
 
 { ; i:i~(' [n pi ( '. ' Mt ;iM\- i!i ,11 1; t"'. ii :::t ' - ".\ it inii iw 
 
 , I 
 
 iiui];-. J;i;iilv, ih.it i;:f !ioii-f sl^jald l.'C niovi d i....t 
 u i'l'.l liii'j'it t'<; lao'.i.Ia 1.1 for tiiat inicut ; 1:1 aU 
 \\;ar:i tot; li'*) ! -c co. .-a : i d wi'di tiic coaiiiii ttna 
 
 'J '10 i:r\l d,:v Jaia' Is) t'aa kini^ -aait to i'-, to dp- 
 -af nc \\(,aild i^ivc iiiiii ri(d:i, upon >iiiiio liMi !, I-a' 
 iacii a jMiii as wo .-iiouM ihailv h'. to <j;i"a;!l hiai, ta- 
 \^ aiai^ lli'j - I j>[>ia'--a;a (>: tiic re!/' 'iia)ii la liio v\ . t t ; ar.d 
 f aat '.'.<; u oald i>r('ja: (. oa 1 ia a of '.--<. .<-i a to In ai a coa- 
 r'.ti ).) t I uo oii:ai f;r -oair- tiiiK.a w i(am n [w. da\s. I. ,1- 
 oa t ')i-. \\( ro-o'. vaal a j 1 01 iato a f. inaialU r n| l.i'j \\ a> !> 
 I'oa-'', a'al \(j''d liaii \ .J -aa: of i'ito(,o>);. p.- -m;; 
 a M d a t :, 1 j.c ; aad at !!: -aaa- r
 
 305 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 pointed a committee to inquire into, and bring in an 
 cstimettc of" the yearly value of the rents of the new 
 buildings upon new foundations. 
 
 But notwithstanding all this, the court seemed to 
 be much concerned at the increase of the Duke of 
 Monmouth's forces, which were now reported to con- 
 sist of 4000 foot, and tour troops of horse, with which 
 having nmrched towards Taunton, a populous and fac- 
 tious town, he made himself master thereof, two regi- 
 ments of the militia running away, when they heard 
 he was near the place; but the Duke of Albeiuarle 
 liad still orders not to fjght till the standing troops 
 bad joined him, which it was supposed they would do 
 upon the 2()th instant : on which day also, some 2500 
 of the gi;aido, horse and foot, marched to reinforce the 
 troops thut had before been sent to the Duke of Albe- 
 marle, commanded by Lord Feversham. The same 
 day, the commons underotanding it would be a tedious 
 task to levy the necessary sums upon the new founda- 
 tions, proceeded to shift the tax upon French linen, 
 brandies, callicoc?. Sic. 
 
 But [ cannot Iiclp observing, that my Lord Ilallifax 
 took it ill of me, that I h;,id been so earnest for the taxing 
 of tiie new buildings, he having a deep concern therein ; 
 but I told hiui it was my judiiirieiit, and that if iiiy 
 father's interest had been ever so much tiierein, I 
 should have done llie same thing; ihat, however, I 
 was very sorry he. alcove all men in the world, sliould 
 disa})|)r()vc ol' anv thiivj; I did ; l;ut we presently under- 
 stood each, other, and he said he v. ;is very sorry he had 
 said any tiling to di^lurbme: this, though a trans- 
 action of (juitc a !;j-ivate nature, i could not Ibrbcar
 
 S{U JOHN' Kr.!{I.si;\ . 
 
 tilt;' liiCiilion ill] :\> it wa- the (miIv line we ever ?o 
 iii'k:i ,1^ -emit (I lu (iill r. Hut t'l i i l;i: n l( n: iltcr- (j( 
 more '.'cii'mmI iimj)' i; lance. 
 
 ( )ii t.ie '.''Jd, lii- iiiiit-:\' liail a'K'it'e iVoui S fitl.iiu!, 
 tli.it l!:e I", 111 dt' I )eiii).irl.)ii. coiliiiKiinli i" in e.'iiel (jf 
 ii!^ toree- ill that !,;;i^i!(j:ii, lia^iir^ iioliec tiiat tie' 
 i''').l- i!,;(l [)a--eil Ihc liver aliove 1 )iiii'.ai (on, iiacl 
 iiia; v:'<;(l ti ,)ai (Jja-jow to Slnliiei, ;unl ()\x 1 1( lok liieiii 
 I.' u the ei i-e of t!i'' <liv, hut ll,..t :a the iiijlit tiie 
 )'hi:> -'((l(^a'Aa\ tioMi iiiia into KnilVi w ; that the 
 Ninl idil I:. ''a ['i!-ii''i! thciii \\:ta hi- hur-c am! ih'a- 
 L'lxea-, aiel i;a '.T-'ooci t!eiL ".hev weia- ii;al inj; i '.ay 
 ti'c^iii iiiiii !ii V* rv _'!! il e.ee. li. HKi ; thai t.ie -aaie ihiy 
 t a: ee -c rvaiit- i-l eaaL^eej to a 'j:('iit ieinaii (>l" Ki eli '\, 
 icii II [ion I lie 1 .:irl ot .\ ; .i\ 'le, a-^ Me \'. a- at I iit;^ aw av iii 
 thr (h.-_;a!.TC (ji a eoan!r\ man, \<. ith ;i hiue ijoimet on his 
 iit'ail ; .ill I t!iat !!, hi'l v.oaeale.l !aui in several 
 I-laM - (;1 tn- h. ,:'i ; th! a! hs-t, tc a; m^ tiiev \\oni<l kill 
 him. iic eonle--e(i ..\\i]-: h' to i,r lac j ', 1 1 1 ot Aiuvlr ; .mil 
 tliat till reajaai I! ' ," irei ttikt a i;.ai p.!-o,a_T. an I e )\\- 
 (hieteil hna to (lia-.'ow, uaiar \\r \\a- (aaimi t f Ci !. 
 ! it A'.\ aia-om.t ot ail thi- to liie ca; iiinon-, 
 
 '. 'aa i< ;a!u: ! tiaii' li;>ii;k,- la" tiio -aiin', h\ aeli oi 
 I ! KJi' iiK mot 1- a- w ( ! e oi' I lie j n i w eoimeii. w Uo eaine 
 iiie!\ "illi l!)i- an-aer, that !ii- niair -t\' wa- e\(!-\' day 
 inoie ami inoie -,il.-htil '.'..la Ln in lor th; ir /-al an 1 
 li\al;\' to III- pemon amt .'i;\a rniiit nt, aial liial ho ^i\o 
 tin m la- la aik~, 
 
 ( )n I,.' J. Jo. tiio Liaj; had notna', tiiat .Monmont'i 
 had -t i;l a htler b > tae I )ak- o! Ahiema ! le, uiuu i tae 
 iiUmiiid ndc ik ill- na-t tia-t\ and \s (.hi -lii^a )\ed 
 I oe-m an ! tamea nior, ( .in-lopaar l)ak<' ol Aihe- 
 n.a;.'. , ehaa''iiia_' hnnii|ioii a- all'' nance ttj coam- into
 
 tycQ MEMOIRS OF 
 
 his aid and assistance ; in a ^vo^(], lliat be row look 
 upon him to be king; that be was marched from 
 Taunton towards Ijiistol with al)out 5000 men and 
 boys, and that Albejiailc was at ins liocls. 
 
 On i'.c <i4lii, I happened to dine with Sir James 
 Sm!:h, t: <: loid-niayor of Loncion, whoiii I Irad for- 
 merly known iniiiviately well, and wlio was of a very 
 loyal club in the city, wiiere I used to go, while the 
 f<inatic r)!ot wus in agiuiiion, This gentlcuian com- 
 jjlaiijC'J to me, tiial he enjoyed no more than tbe bare 
 title ot lord-inavor, the lord chief justice, JeBeries, 
 iisurpmg ;hc puwer ; that the city had no sort of inter- 
 course with tbe King, but bv the intervention of that 
 lord ; that whalcvtr was well done in tlie cltv, was 
 attributed to his influence and management ; and that 
 iiini elf and the aldermen were, by the court, looked 
 upon no l)ettcr than his tools : that upon all occasions 
 his lordship was so forgetful of the iiigli dignity of the 
 city, as to use him and his brethren with conLen)i)t; 
 in fip.e, that the lord chief justice was to be pitied; 
 that his haughtiness would be the ruin of him ; and 
 that lie actuahv intended to let the king into the mys- 
 tery of thiCse tiungs ; out that he thought the present 
 time was not ahogclher so proper, seeing a remon- 
 strance of this l( iulcncy might be construed into iu\i-' 
 imy and d;>aneciion. I answered, that the king was 
 too well ac(juainted with the lord-mayor's services and 
 integrity to suspect him of that, and tiiat, in my 0})i- 
 inon, now was the fittest time for exposing a man in 
 that credit at court ; I'or that now the greatest notice 
 would be laivCnol ail such giievances. Indeed I was 
 sorry at my iicart to see such good nsen (lis^atirlicd in 
 any degree; but i v,us as glad to hud this ju'oud num.
 
 >i!J JOHN ui:i:i>r.N. 
 
 1 i liiroii'^'i ; lor l.c li.id to uiv knriv\i:'.t^ u-^.l [\.j 
 <;.''. (> ^'o!'. a~ ^<-i;:-v.!; :i^ U \v,i- |)(;--li/lo t ,.r him \ij 
 '!- Ill' ciiv n\ ], . , \i)[\. {"or ai \ (ji'k \\v [>'it out ii\<j 
 a! I' ;i)'^*M, t.'di^'i '.( hail -oh'iiii;lv cirj ij( d lo \:>-c\) 
 th'- : :" a'!. I ::>i:, wilhoiii -' With h a- allowiiiLI liirni 
 
 10 hi I,, I'.'l a- lo tiif ciiuu- ih'.'V stooil a(a-ii-^'(l ch 
 'I li<- ii' ;i ,-. [- raai li.c \(.-i\' -ante hat! ht ru i: ( (jui-iiiiy 
 (a\u;, o : 1 i,o;u!w ;, u'.al ta:i(. iiutiiV i.a'l b;t, u tii!::;cl 
 ',:( . r l',, ,r ! ,;r,) r,'ia':i!> witlajiil --o lU'Mii a> iainj; 
 ;- .la .. 1 ! I :. ;: .: ; ! :, [.rt\ li! -ii'a t, 1 \va-> at liaj 
 \>'i . .1' ! '!! Ill ila' hi i.ujiar.ic, </l' ('a; 
 v,A\. [[{ -ia ii! lau l)i,l-.i.' ot .MoiuiKJii'll L'ivi' a 1 '.o'V 
 to I .<; Kia.:"- larcc-, 11 w - iiiwau to hr Icaiia! tia'io 
 \'.oij' i hr ivli l;l-ill TCI ! !(Mi 1!' la^laiijll. 
 
 Oi '.a ^_o ol aar, i..ylii tuju.-;< at lonrlcd tliC !,;i;.!; 
 la tj,a iaj.i-c ol 'mO-. aiid ,.,- !i;:iji' tv ha\iiii,f ()a--("! 
 ri'.e h ''-, oiwna'(i t.:C la-aaj lu he adioiirncal lo the 41;) 
 
 -! .\-i^u-', w aaa, w a- (lo!:c a(aa)niiiijl\ . Aiul nov\ the 
 la::- ol la',-o \\'..n w (. \ r haiii- In tia' l:,o; ci ilaifil t , 
 ad a ;i t(; t.," ho,*;'- ('i {,:(<- w .n wrvc a-.>;-i' la it. 
 
 i lif 1) ila: u'' .MMiaiaiiidi- aiinv u,.- -vvtdUd to a 
 .-od\ ol' 1J,(;(M loot, Ulal 1, ".(() ho;-r, uiiiih liiov(al 
 
 11 mil phua; to puKO', la l;iL iah-, aad iii(do.-Lal caaiii- 
 Ii' ot ti;c wc-t, w 'MMT, taoii^ii [i\c koiii'-i aiiav kc'[it 
 [) <ii\ (;"( ai wiCi tia'Mi, tia \ C(/iiid aal oiler to 
 L^'''' i>.Hli''. '\ \:(' kiiij'- :i!'iiiv, tiiil \\a- ncaii-L to 
 Ma;,ai')ij:a, ua- c )a :i;a;; ;c d hv Lord 1 "cvc: :diai:;, 
 iarl did i; ;t 'Ol- 1-' ( f :ii;av(.' hiH);' loot, aiid a';) 
 1: '|M'. hut I " a I,.' , u t ,( iii'i-th; oi' taa i^iatid-. I:i 
 
 dav or two lac kaij; laid :;'!\u;a, tait Moi,:iioi;;h 
 
 it 11!' > Ih'al :> a, :i;t i", i ij.it he iiil( 
 
 ! t ; V a 'a I 11 
 
 ti^V iiiaaiii liirra \'.i,,.-I i.r r(:';c-a(;: ih- a;;;:\, aad 
 f d* I -<"' i 1 ' '-> !>. aai a a '-'.k-v alt'_ r a ai
 
 310 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 On the 6th, the Diike of Moniiiouth being then in- 
 formed, that Loi\l Fcvershaiii lay encamped at not 
 above three miles from liridgeuater, that his army was 
 as yet but small, that he was in cxpcctaiion of being 
 reinforced b\ three English, and three Seotcli rcgi- 
 n^ients from Holland, and that a body of horse was on 
 its mareli from London to the same purpose ; he steals 
 out about one in the morning, witli his whole army, 
 and n)oves towards the royal eamj), and that with such 
 silence and good order, that tlir^ king's people knew 
 nothing of the approach till alarmed by the fire of 
 one of their out-sentries. The ])uke of ]\Ionmonth 
 marched at tlie head of the fool, and Lord Grey led 
 up tlie horse, and they brcjiight ilicir cannon to play 
 wiihin j-ihlol-shot. On the other hand, our people 
 got into order rs fast, and received them as well as 
 could be expected, Iral were so overpowered by num- 
 bers, that till Lord Grey went oiF v.ith the horse, 
 which were frigljte::ed at the cannon, we were in ver}'' 
 imminent danger of losing the day: but for the Duke 
 of JMonmouth, he stood till a great part of his foot 
 %vascnt to pieces, and then made off; but so narrowly 
 tluit his coat, his papers, and l!!^ secretary \\ere taken 
 Ferguson, liiat arcii [)reL.bvLerian priest and rebel, 
 and Lord (irey v/as taken in disgiiise, ^Ince davs 
 afterwards. 
 
 'J'he Duke of Mor,n:on'ih had, bom the very begin- 
 ning of L.,is des{)eiate attempt, Lcirdvcd Aviiii the eon- 
 duct of a great caDlain, as was alic^wcd even bv iho 
 king, who, in Uiv beai i'!g, said he h'dd not made otic 
 lalse step. Aed thi.is was tlus great storm, \\hiic!i ga- 
 thered from a >i\in\: e'oiid, the nu;nber that kmded 
 \^ith ihr: dal- c not exrer.dm:/ 160 : thus I sav was tl^is
 
 Si!; JOHN u;:i;i>;'.\ . 
 
 I;i\t li. IJ.t 1 MoiM.oulii (li :.:;;i'tl a \ . '. r.'.. ; ;, w l^ 
 Inucll to \>r l^.licil, li,;it lii..' d.- l .Vr:'l ,i w i !,;! :,;ivc 
 ii-L'iiiii -'UM !:'.ri;')cr-, ill l!i 'm;'." I'.ii jf.i. l - /' i . .^ii.iil. a- 
 t(>t:a\c iiiaih' liic I'Kjwa itici'aiitci-. ilul [i) omi^'.v'c 
 
 tilC killil"- 'J'Mxl lurlMlU', oil In-' ^::i C:;!.!; \::dl 
 
 ti,;e ilukc iim:.-( ll' ii.ul Iilcii tal-.i n iimIi- ji.i-i' i': .i .\ia.<\, 
 
 >\' a j)ai\;( 1 ot couiiliv Ic'i'M^.^ \\i,j wcit' i i ijut i of 
 
 i.lii. to^; 'ill'!" v.:['a ciK C ^C'iiL Iloiii. \,|io i ('ii>_; li'.-L 
 
 !i-i- (Vurrd in a i w-'ii, h;l.i l:,!';i \\ic (!'.;!.( i)i;ii-' ll' .^a> 
 
 \n[ lai o;i ; aiul hi'.' .--a'lif iiav I:.." i)'..(:.( -- </' .^Tj:!- 
 
 iioiith aiui i;c/ I A () -iM- w c.rc -, Hi iijf.i- iir.\(r. 1 m' 
 
 ln:-.c, wiivU ill' \'.a.^ Likt ii, \\>i^ a..;.';-! .-;a.:i!, ii'-; i,:!\- 
 
 iiLi; hivw ill a hill lur ihiw s'i.tL-; !.'; \'.i- li'w't' uu- 
 
 >'.X)\ iii'il w i'.li ari!;-. iiui' mavi': an\ ('u: . .!';. !. ;:_' dc- 
 
 tU'.li' I, :' ( u 1 y l:,;:-j; 1 ;il a w atiM liC i.a.l i:, ia-; , ock':t, 
 
 uul al) /al \:r.i.f !. aniivcl [Hi i.i'!-, in. ^,,: t, \\;,i,ai was 
 
 .!i i:.'.' :::);;'. .a. ; ad l;:t. lil- liaiU,-'\'. a.ai now u!i- 
 
 liT. \'>a-> cxlit; Hi', w t di j>:ca-,' 1 at d.;^ la a-; ir.t '.a 
 
 \ :i> (;! a t( inj't r r .i \\ :'\ caiial la it l.c ;,' . . : a ji|>(\irtal 
 
 lrai!-|a;rt' d a|aj!i aii\ uiaM-n-a ; aad-n.'y nrpcNia' 
 
 < oa; 1 i)a\"c a :_r(.'a Icr rt'a-;ui La' i" li:aa n ' . I ;a.l i.c 
 
 : aa t:a; ; ( iK .dijii pdi ki'd ii|iii\ i:,a \ i, :a ii /,-. a:al 
 
 laiii'. .! Inaaa' M'alc>i .)!! t tu' 1 uroa.a, 1.-. I ia,: (aidra\ ma ,; 
 
 Iwal iiad d'. rii ii.-. il 'n; --'i^aac dial (aiL ol i ;. 
 
 \\ dial 'A- L^iatA' I'aiiia to town, the kir.'.a al di i)v\:i 
 iCi[Mt.-t, -aw iiiiu al \\ liiti u id, wii-aic i:C (\ja(--(ai 
 ;a)iiM' d' t: -;ali la ul ia-> a!(aii[.t ; laicw U.f ' . ai.' oa 
 !:,(,' 1 .J 1 i I ll .\:\:\ II , and 1 v r^^i -^ ai, \\ do ii.id -i a ; ; d 
 dim a j) lo ll ; (L-: l.na. I' ' ail l.llc to ld<; la ow a, ,iad 
 11' 1 i '. ,1- pat a ; ' 'aiai;- t at ^t ,lr i 't' kai '. w ' ' a a 
 
 ^ iia\ ' a,; ; 1 :.i I j ! d d t a^' - aaa : coaa i a ' o a.ai ; 
 
 ' ! d,- I ', :.,a , ,, i . . : ,, , , . . ., I-
 
 312 IMEMOrilSOF 
 
 confessed, was not ibcn known. Vic concluded with 
 a desire of pardon, and, on li; , knee.'s b( >r'ied his life 
 of the king; and for llie same, he, by icllers, solicited 
 the IMO queens, until his liead ^^as at five blows 
 severed from his body, on Tower- hill. Vv'hen he 
 came to suffer, he submitted with great uriconccrn, 
 renounced all pretentions to the crown, and unkindly, 
 to say no worse, disowned his duchess, who to hinj, 
 who had nothing of his own, had brought a fbi'tune 
 of ten thousand pounds a year; sa3!nii she was gi- 
 ven to him as his wife in the days of liis minority, 
 but that the wife of his own choice, was the Lady 
 Henrietta Wentwoilh, the only daughlei- and hei- 
 ress of the Earl of Cleveland, who!ii lie iiad de- 
 bauched ; with whom, lie confessed, he iiad lived ac- 
 cordinij to the rules of his own convenience, thousb 
 not according to liie lans of the land, for tuo years 
 past. lie then said he was soiiy for the effusion 
 of blood he had caused, but. througliout his whole 
 discourse, made no mention of a rebeilicn ; and out 
 of his pocket were taken b(;oks, in his own hand- 
 writing, containing cljarm.s or spells to ojku the 
 doors of a prison, to obviale the danger of being 
 wounded in battle, together \\ uh sonus and pravers : 
 sv.vh was the latter end of the Duke of Monmouth. 
 Towaids the close of this month, I relumed to 
 my goveinmenf. where nothing oecuriing of a na- 
 lin-e general enougii to be worihv of public notice, 
 I sijall huny or. to the end of October, xrhen wc 
 bad the had news, tlial my I-oi'd Mar()ms of lial- 
 liiax, lord president of the privy council, was fallen 
 into di-grace Mith the king, and (juile dismissed from 
 :!.'e l)oard : he iiad ever been a true and kind palroh
 
 siii jnii\ ui:i(i.^i;v. 
 
 in 
 
 1') iii'^ ; hut w li.il \\,i-^ iiiorc. he wa^ a ii.iii of l;i( at 
 j:(.::ii:v aiul iiiw.-t ii:t|)[)V ta.i ii(-, wiiic'i n.aiic it 
 It ai't-il IJic [>'ii;l,c ii,i'::it i(.\ 1 I:i(; w.i'i. ot iii;ii as 
 svi-'Niiv ;i- !,;> iMf.iils; hat 11 Ik-I'I- t'lC i.iii_;- plca- 
 ^;i!,, il liciMaic ail liot.d :ii')|mK [n Miiimii to ii : 
 hut [v.o or l,;;(H' (;.r,> alicrwariU, hcum ^^ith ihc 
 Ai ( !.,-:i(i.) 1)1 \ uik a;i(i >ir 1 K lu v ( icjclci ick. liirv 
 t'i. 1 i;l;\ 1-. ,\.1< IliiC llu' l.ii,.: l:a;i \\u\ a>i(lo liu; 
 hii.i j .. -ill. ;i .ii't I, .at i>r l.ail a^-ii^iuii no caii-r lor 
 It; a. cl i V ;' 1 -.- il -i),,:i' iraloii -v, l.iat lln' hiii^ w ajiud 
 t/l , - ' : ;!'..- ^!.-u.l!, 111 la\(Mi;()I [w.jirrv. 
 
 .\ >l !. . ' I l.i,:i ol' l.M- ia t aiijdurniULiit hiiiiL^ 
 ('.:: I- ' ;!. i;'i 1 iic ; I'l (. .\ CJ\ . iwia 1 I It |).i li'c il to I -un- 
 ci 'i: ; \'. :ii (' 1 l.rinu lii,? h.xi-c >)l (.'(ciiaiuii-' hatl dc- 
 t; ; ; L i ! i:c CO. a;l, , a; ii.a ul l..e kii;ii'- sjicta li, on t'.ie 
 (,av ol lliCii- '1. ci::._. \\nu-'i \\>i^ lai' f.-ui, to the l.'Uii 
 l:!-'a;.;. '1 :.' '-ku c i l' In: .: ha.' \ n a ,! iht ir Inank.- ; 
 h,' ;,, '. ,] ,i.).\- i.i o;.: M . V..1 lo liiC -a;;io. made 
 i la a^o'-t :'. a- \- ; ; .\c haiti d I he km- m 
 
 . 1 i-c ho w a-^ J, .1. i : o .( t e( t !i( au 
 
 , . a v\ h. II hi' ji . I ti I u ; I il t hcaii ; I oaL 
 !.. I .- a.. .' '., '.\.i- ii!)>\ p i ! o>iV < joa-ia d ; hat taaf, 
 ,'i)\(vii. I..' Lio'. I a iuiii Ml 110^:. t l)( ill hia' nianiior 
 alaaiao 1 lui I. a/ Uilioc, it hi aij; oXjaaa'aaad, liuiL 
 th'- ma,;ia i-l' l.io kio^diaii \\,i> in ik/ tro; that 
 liurilaa', .i> Io(.' >landai'.; lai'v'O wa- hat .-mall, ho 
 had oom d it !') a c no-idt. oi hU; iioaiata', w oic;i woiiUi 
 !)( M a. '..ii'i'.o.o ('!...i_:o upon hia;. lor llio timr to 
 foaio; till!, m (^ o: -ah ra' iWa thciaa,!, oc di.siiad ,l 
 p;o|'o; tiwnaoic a,vl : liati i '. w .i-^ tiaa. 1 ; a i (; wiac 5onic. 
 j;'i; oil (aha 'i-^ oi ha-. aiMO,', hot t!;iL ho hMptal iL 
 \<o!iid oi.ir.o no (h'M'Oaoia^ hot'.sotai mm and la- pai- 
 iM:'a ' : I'l T 'ii'.'. t.aauiia llicy wViV i;ol ijiiaiilaal by
 
 514 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 law, ihey were such as liad shewn ihcir principles by 
 their loyaltv ; a'ul lliat having hacl experience of this, 
 he would not ex])ose lliein to slianiC by parting with 
 iheai, or to that eiToct ; and that, in fine, he would 
 venture his life for the tiuc interest of the nation. 
 
 The 12th insLant being come, the conunons voted a 
 supply to his m.'jesty, for his p;c:.enl occasions ; but; 
 would neiiher speciiy the (juantiiiii, nor the particular 
 use it was dcsi .-iicd for. U|;on this a long debate 
 arose, and the qje^-lion being put, they divided, the 
 noes being 50, an.d the avcs i'JS. They afterwards, 
 the sauiC day, canjc lo a divisioii u!)on (he (picslion, 
 whether that house wunui first proceed upon the sup- 
 ply to ihc king, or upon tlic second {)aragraph of his 
 iiu!jei-ty"s speech, concerniiig I'le poj)ihh otiicers in the 
 army ; and it w;is carried tor j;osiponing tliO supply, by 
 one voice oniv ; in which division the king was told 
 thatse\eral of hi^; SLa"van^-:and ofllcers of the army, tliat 
 were of iljC i;ou:<% vvcie a;;a;nst iiiui. The next day I 
 availed on the king to ki;;S his hand, and innnediately 
 he aiked me, uiien i can;e to town? i told him, the 
 jiighl bcfere : lie . aid, lie \vasbori-\ I iiad not been here 
 sooner, lor ihat it I \v.a\. hic siio-ild not have lost the day 
 befoie, lor one single vole, which he said was hard, and 
 the more so, becaa-e it \Nas owii;g to Ihs o^^ll olhcci's ; 
 Vvineh I look to be an (djiique piece of admonition to 
 me. 'liiis same (iav, tlie second j-art of the king's 
 speech, was taken into consideration, and tlie result 
 v/as, tiuiL an address o'nould be (hawn Lip and ]ire;ented 
 to Ifis mr:ie- ty, to rcprcM^nt to hh;n, that llie reception 
 of po[)i-!i ;( currants into li,e aiany wa> (pnte contraiT to 
 jaw, and to dcsiie t':at limv nn^lil be removed from 
 their pojts. A conMniuec was a!){)oinLed ibr this
 
 sii! .ir)iiN i;r,!;!>!n . 
 
 :"!ipo '. an.l likcAi in i'. .nnr a \)M lor t.-j lii>lt!niiii\- 
 iD'j; llic >ai'\ u^llLOl"^ i;i i:oii-idi la! .oil li.at L.t \ ':...i( 
 tiik-u'd ii.!() tiic St I vice >'.t a liiiif ()! .-ucti iiiiinii.inL 
 flaii'^cr. W'aitin'j; t..i^ (ia\- tji. I.orti lla.liiax, iic loM 
 luc the ]>ai lu'ula;'- (;t lii~ il!r-'i.i--i<)ii ; ;a- .-.ilii lie mi,!. I 
 lia\ (, coiiti;! ! i| wuu '.!(., iKi" ail wi i it I'^fri tlia.i ( VI r. \( 
 ).'' coiiKi 'mil i:! (.'(.MM-iiira' \..\.\v cuiaaii'ia J in mmii-; 
 lli.ii_^ \\,ii.-ii ia- -aw i:i (, ,;.l.r.o ; lii.it \liC !xiii'_: [Kii'tc;! 
 v.'A.i :., 11 will) >Li;ii:.:4 I ii.aiu -, l;;il \\(.;,M a->-i::i ini 
 r.t,i-i- lur il, .Mai liiat he w < .! 1 u, '.;:;(' i:t/;oi|\ nito lio 
 ]!,i(('. 1 :.i> lo;il laaMj; ^ lai.illv c.^t, ..iiu-il a w I'^c 
 J;. i:i. ;'.:.'l an ( xc, ;!rat -nl)a''.'t, i:..' it .no', al (;!' linu, 
 c.-;i( I'.ailv ;n ala';-I l;:(-' niLnu'v ot pailianant, was 
 n.MtU. oi a.-'cni>ii:iiciit to 'jj'cat mm.!; :.-, and mi'jclcal 
 a li.il' li.iL a (.liaii^v ol"coanc:l:i waiin cunjcqinmcc la 
 L :. i' ' a ( i:an :'' (;i ('(Cnu'.l.o;'.--. 
 
 ( )ii l:u- 1(1. h, tl.f ('.(.luilc conc'i iiin.j; tl.c aid lo be 
 
 o 1.,- in.iji-lv a: lie on. 1 nc najli'.i was at 
 
 !., ; ; , f.\i) i.undit.i In* a-,inil pwinai*, aiul iiifii Tuur 
 
 li'.ii'.di L'd l.,!j;:-a;'. 1 ['oand- on tn^' [i.nl c>i'i.a' iionntiv ," 
 
 \shi: l!.o- (1 lac cuurl in-i-lcii (;n t\v'l\r imndi-nl 
 
 ind piaind-, iar 11. c payui'. nl ol' Inu luw r.ii-,il 
 
 :;),,'i_-, lo!' a It;;. 11 ol" Ir.c \a .ir.-i lo co !:i', Hil liic 
 
 ;.o'i-f \'. al! [ivf no . ,tr to :,u':n ..n ajini.t'ilion ca'.-.o 
 
 inon-. \' tli(V iii:::lil 'j.i\c, ic-L il >honi(i [u.nc a loan ia- 
 
 ['jw lor llic snjjioil (jt a -',:!:il:n'j; aiinv ; tii' v r.itnrr 
 
 'i.o-f to 'ji'.a; il to li.c l.'a^ to ilo uit.'i ;L a^ h'' v, o lal : 
 
 aid at I'/n^ln >c>. ; n iu;;i Mad tiio(i-.r..d poai-iU wa-; 
 
 J lojio-td, and L'ran'a d. 1 i Inc C(aM'.c ol t;,:- di iuti', 
 
 !;,(; nM'lnliu-- ol a .-tin \\. j_ .ini;\'. c piaaanv tal la" 
 
 Ifinicnt ot' ulalluai wa-. 'jailc -cll!rd, a.i> nn)^ a in-' 
 
 .- d (Ml ia. tia; (aia -i''aa \\ adc t'a' ol ..t r \ ' . d die 
 
 r iji' it, ill'' iL'-L'i'-:a;v ol - ' . t " dl
 
 5lG MEMOIRS OF 
 
 example ihey were of to the country, and the heavy 
 burthen of free quarters : but there was a eompromis- 
 sion of all this, by the house's declaring its intention 
 to make the niihtia of more use for the tiuic to come, 
 and until liien it was agreed on, as a thing necessary, 
 that the army should be kept on foot. 
 
 The address against poj)ish officers being prepared, 
 was this nay read, and agreed to; but a debate arose, 
 whether the concurrence of the lords should be de- 
 sired or not : the courliers were against it^ that the 
 king migh.t have the beitei' excuse not to comply with 
 it, and tijc country gentlemen were, for that reason, 
 for enforcing it the more ; and upon this occasion I 
 divided with the country, but we lost it by some forly 
 voices. The next day we considered of the ways and 
 means for raising the seven hundred thousand pounds 
 we had granted, and the same da\ ue went in a body, 
 with our address to the king, wlio had appointed that 
 to be the time for his receiving it : but iiis answer 
 was, that he did not c%:[)cct such an address from such 
 a house of commons, especially as he had so lately of- 
 fered to our coiisidcration the great advantages of an 
 union bawcen him and us, the good eifects of wiiicb 
 had been already experienced. " I had (said he) 
 " reason lo hope the ie[)utation God has blessed uie 
 " with in the world, nsight have erealed and conlunied 
 ** in you, a gi-caler conhdence of me, and of all 1' say 
 *' to you : but iKV.vevcr you, on yo(n- part, proceed, 1, 
 *' on mine, shall be sieady to ail the pro.ni^e,^, I have 
 " made, and be very Jiia, to my word given in every 
 ' one of my speeches T this he uttered with gieat 
 warmth. 
 
 On the 18tli, the liouee consulted on the mcane to
 
 sill JOHN i:i.i:i>i/i 
 
 ::.7 
 
 .'i;ake llic iiiiiitr.i ot" iiiou: (.lit-Ttiuii .-(.iai,-: lor iiic fi:- 
 l:iK-, hut tii',' lU-bilr '. a-> U'li en Mrd to [I.e. '2\-i hi-tanf. 
 -At tiiC >A\]iV tun;' iL \\:i- iiiovcJ liv .Mr. W Mu :u!i, '. - 
 (lest <()i\ to liif I.fjid \V ;iari(Mi, l!i:i; a (la\ ii).L[!it !)C a;:- 
 jdjiiitcil I or tl.c (jo:i-i,lrrati'ni ot l:r. kiu'j -- aii^u rr to o;ir 
 mlihc^- ; \\!iic;i \'. a- it c'oiiiird hv All'. Cook, ol" Dcrltv- 
 sliiiC, a m lilL'itiaii ()\ l:ii'i;c llio'-i-and |.oii;iiU ptT an- 
 nnm, who "a :;> -> wai'ni a-, tntnii iJu- occ'asion, to sa\, 
 v'.' v., ;v all J .[i_'li- :!aii;n, an, I iImI he hop-.d uc ^houhl 
 n(;t. hi' iViLihtrncil ii(;!ii Durihitv h\' a lew iiiL^h words: 
 h:.t 'wit; !,^K]-o rr-cn'td t:ii> a- an <:\prt --lOii ot Ln'cat 
 i;idi\"L-ncv, and, in uirat. an^i r, .-iiidiii^ in'n' nicnihcr 
 to tiic icj'.'.er. tidl ri"( d tin; b.i--nu'-- :<:/ic d.c. 
 
 '1 iic mwt (lav, the lords hv^aii to consider that pait 
 ot his inaicstv's s[)ccc'n, rLiatnii; to popisli otticers, and 
 L;rf\\ Ncrv \\aiin in their dchate, which was udjourn-'/tl 
 to ti.i- J.)d in-tant. d"nc hin;^ iii [)pcned lobe pi'esent, 
 a^ he \\iis i^enerallv eon-tant m Ine i:onse ol loid-, and 
 w Is cme'i t-Miieerir. d at t:.e Iieethmi \".hieh ihev slid 
 \\a- u-L'd n[)on Inis sulijt e'. And, m tr;ilii, li i.;a.c 
 'j;i(.'aL (h-sal>lai'Lion, tnat tlie hiw i.i th;- po.nt partien- 
 1 iilv, would h' i:;i;- invaded a'id -;.'l at nonj;;it ; and 
 til'' veiv (u-t ot t::e kiii'j's Iiiei;.!-, a- well a^ hi- o'ti- 
 cer-, w'iieiiier eivd or aihitar\', e\eept sncii a- w (M'o 
 j)opis:iiv inclined, were -Iranj;; I . ahirmed thereat, and 
 '\pi\--ed liieni- five--, w iL;i '_ireal lre( ihjiii whenever it 
 happ'':it,-d to be tne top.e o! tinnr di-i:o'ii -(.". 
 
 In t;ie inid-i (jt' tni>, i 0:1 ihc x"Lh tne l\in'j. in tii^; 
 n-;ial s'ate, come-, and, by the hard ehancelh)!", ae- 
 ijuaints biiUi h(ju'e>, mat lor certain werdi!', I'ea-tHj-, 
 ti;- luin-tv tiiou.;hl tit to prordjM'' [':..- pa.i.anunt 
 :^n(i! ih" loin oT reljrnar,- next : and in:M il \'..;- j'ro- 
 ; , ' e. ! a ' 1; I : i 1: J . 1 ' - '. : ', V 1 1 ! .. n V c ; u -
 
 3!8 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 jcctures : some said the king had so good a revenue, 
 and was so good a man.iger, that he had it in his power 
 to subsist both his fleet and his anri}' without more 
 nioney ; and that therefore he wouUi scarce have oc- 
 casion for au}^ more parhaments ; that this seemed the 
 more lil^ely, as he had, by this prorogation, refused the 
 sum of seven hundred tliousand pounds, which the 
 commons were preparing to give him : while others 
 beheved the Idng would certainly meet us again, at the 
 term prefixed, and that, in the mean time, he would 
 fmd out some expedient to satisfy tlie houses as to the 
 only article they complained of, meaning the affair of 
 the po))ish officers; which though it was said, might be 
 shrewdly doubted, seeino; that S(jme of the genileriicn, 
 \Yho had signalized tliem.selves for the addre:-s, were 
 forbidden the king's presence, which was the case of 
 ]\Ir. Fox, paymaster to the army. Lieutenant Colonel 
 Darcy, ?\Iajor Webl), and others we need not 
 mention. 
 
 To pass over Lord Brandon's trial and condsmna- 
 lion, for the concern he liad had with the Duke of 
 Pvlonmouth, we must now obseive, that the popish 
 party behaved with great insolence ; u-hieh was the 
 more remarked, as the king of France uas now m the 
 h.eight of persecuting his protectant subject:-, wiio 
 juany of them bed ;is th.ey could, poor ant! naked : 
 being stripp^ed of all tiiey had. This so iireat and 
 cruel an instance of tiie spirit t!iat, for the most part, 
 possesses those ofthis aelusive persuaSiOn, uas now 
 the talk of all tiiinking j;eoj)ie, \vho bei^ati to le of 
 opinion, that every thing just anil huvi'i!!, ouL'.lit lo be 
 done to obviate the gro\Ath, and alnite the |)rrsent 
 pride of tiie i)ai)i-t.': in our dominions. Piut the kn.i^.
 
 :;[ jv;iiN i;!-,i;[;>;;'i 
 
 t) 
 
 a- >; i;c lUiU .1 I'.iiii'.l It) :-;.("..- i;-' I. >*-'- '"'.'.;i'-;i } ly ^ !i - 
 !iH ;; ', di''. l.u\M, (/! ihr 'J i i;\ \)< "j'-.i, lir !;:i>i 
 li'|>i'i("> rtl till J.;;il 1!: >i!i.li;!!, \-. .:" w.i- t < ii iv :(. u 
 (ACiMiti.l t',,((^ (l;r, < iit'i r\- ,'.rti- ; \\:..-h, it ir,'.i~t {. 
 ou iuhI, \\a- a 'jic.it act d' iii'Trv in ';is iiii|f-tv, l:ii-' 
 lord iiav'ni-; I' (11 [ .fd-iad in l.ic K.t'' i ''.^d. Iim" inrak- 
 iiiii a l)ov'- iicrk, \\!,' ;; 1," \\a- in hi> < ip-, ot which 
 liu!i_j (()!! vu'fc'd. i, w ;;~ CDivh ,>MU'd a- ;iilv ct" niuial(.T. 
 Al t!iH tiai;', VAr {i\t>\]i[' atcoart hc'jan to i)e 
 at -liiir \y\['.\ t a;h. (j::i':r : ti.." I.iird SmiuU rl nid wa-^ 
 iiiadf j)rc-'.dt i;t ol' i.:'j ia)ur.('':h aad 'aja'aanftl sccrc- 
 larv ot' .-late; hi- hird.-hip ha', iiij aiMtiillv iii-ai'iatcd 
 to 11. c ([tut!), ^la: h,;ul th"ii a imi ':':iKi'-taiidinL! w :t!i 
 the trcasiiiar. ) that laf l'iicir'< and rchitioii^ ol' the 
 kin-j"-- tir-l\\ii'c. a.-i r.ai-li(--r' i\ ( "h: ivii(h)ii, I )artiiuailh, 
 and other-. \\ t :\' in 'jaaitf-L la\-onr, aid in p')--;,:s-io:i 
 <j1" tta' h''-t jh.irt ~. w :,;'.</ iaf I.: : !>, lno'ij;li >\\c w a-^ 
 (;nt'( n caai-( .; ;, w i i\' !.at -'aai Iv 1 1.' ]aM\:drd for; and 
 her tVicnd- lita ): la-dmad to !', i. a I S in.d.iM Ian*!, 
 ihc Lord C i;,iia'(dor, ;ind thf \.-i\\\ (.'lai.CMlh taey 
 Itr^an to phiv th' !; ;v,isa' ' ;a:i:nl (,\i<at 
 
 otlier. 
 
 1, \'<jV Mi'.' \^..:' . .. '1 'a . ' ; a:;; , c.i.a; a '> I;ack- 
 ward- and I'l a\' ;' , d-. -o la'av n > ;:; a'",.' ,ind -innl 
 rcinovrd and -hn'i d .a ",;'. tha' 1 ' . I i-t)\\\c-> \\\c. 
 th<MiL:h'- li, acot iaa.ai ' ' .t ot my ani- 
 
 hit Ion : \\:\\\ nia(h' na" c a,a a!- , ' .a' a a .; ;i I ; no \di'ai 
 ovarv -oi)!-; ni in a^ad I ma-'- [n \> !;: ' la' coao'nL 
 w i! h w h.c' li'' h id. r .'';i ; t m v > al a- a >,!,'a a:.il 
 
 (' Mi-taiMat' a J 1 /a I : ' , oiaiit na.' 
 
 hi^ 'A ( a'l h : I'o; a . I t' ; , 1 ' ,- It- i < d 
 
 ^\ ith. I C::^! ;i to n; - il', (: t aa I ' - ' ' i""-^ 
 
 111',- 1^1 (amd, l.i jii . ,1 niv :a( a! ;a , . : .oal;
 
 320 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 on the contrary, could I but have strained to the pitch 
 some did, I iim viersnafied I had a fiirer ot^porainity 
 of rR'-!;!L: ii.v&elt" than ever I had ; but 1 preleiTird a 
 certain >af;'tv to an uv.r i-'nifi Mfaiicieur. 
 
 But thin-i uo'v, wjtii icrfjrd to those who enjoyed 
 any post.-- under the government, seemed to be cairied 
 to a very exti aor iinary length; for Fox, the pay- 
 master ni' the armv, whose eu)ploy was valued at ten 
 thousand pounds per annum, and Colonel Jolui 
 Darcv, gi-anJciii!d and hen' to the Eail of Holderness, 
 having ofrbnded the king by their votes in the lower 
 house, and having been thereupon forbidden the king's 
 presence, were now wlioHy laid aside ; a. id it was now 
 said that in council i' li id been agreed, that all per- 
 soiis, who f(;r tlie futuie otiended in the same way, 
 would be served in thn sanje manner, whitdi startled 
 a number of people. Ar.d now it was observed, that 
 the lord treasurer was more lowly and obhging than 
 usual, wljcnce it was conjectured that tiie odds were 
 against him, and as mucdi was confessed by some even 
 of his iVieuds ; his lord;hij) now setting up for the 
 protcstani interest, and the queen and her friends for 
 the })oj)isii. 
 
 Beside:3 tlie gentlemen 1 iiuvc alm.dv named, there 
 were sevei; 1 other mep "ers dismissed ninn iheir em- 
 })lovn]ents, for not vo.iUg as tiie kmg expected they 
 should, and jnirUculariy such as weie oi'ticers in the 
 army, who being not on'v so, but also great and very 
 eminent for their fauiiiijs and servie. .^ lo the crown, 
 it was matter of g;e:iL wonciei' to eviiy (jodv. Jnit 
 what surpiibtd me a-. )j.neli as any thing uas to hear, 
 fi'om the Arclilrfis;^)!) (d \ ork, that Loid AJairjuis oi 
 IJallilax wa:i coming iigum into play ; aij aLU'ceahle
 
 SIR JOHN Ki:i{i:sijv 
 
 3^1 
 
 surprize tliis, especially as llie times seemed to turn ; 
 hut the very next day, I liad the murtituatioti to 
 understand, from the marquis's own muulh, that 
 there was nc^ maiuier ot' toundation for the rc[jort. 
 Tiie Dukeof Alhemarle now told me several things con- 
 cerning the slate of affairs, which astonished me very 
 much : gentlemen were now in a most unprecedented 
 manner assaulted in tlie very streets ; one had a 
 powder thrown into his eyes, which deprived him of 
 sight ; another had his throat cut hv two men, though 
 neither cjf tlu'-^e gentlemen had given the least visible 
 provocation or ofTence to the aggres<;ors ; and the 
 Duke of Albemarle was met by a gentleman who 
 threatened him as his grace was going along in his 
 chair. And now it was whispered, " that the kmg 
 would still farther prorogue the parliament till May;" 
 which certainly was the wisest course he had, at this 
 time, to take, if he could n.ot re,-,olve to give some 
 j)roper ^ati->t":iclion to the houses, with regard to the 
 poj)ish (jthcei"s ; but that tin-, wa.s far from his 
 thoughts, ;nul quite ccuitrary to his intention, appeared 
 by a late admis-^ion of se\eral others of that supersti- 
 tKJii into military posts. In short, the king unhap- 
 pily |)er.>i>ting in his own wav, discharged his anger 
 against the Bishop of London, a mo-^t wortliy prelate, 
 brother to the late Earl of Northampton, putting bun 
 away from the council-boartl, on account of a speech 
 lie iiad, the last se^sions, made in the house of lords, 
 concerning the popish ofl'icers ; tliough, as I was told 
 by the Archbishop of York, it was spoken with ail 
 the deference and res[)ect imaginable. This decen? 
 speech was by some said to be the cause of his K)rd - 
 vhip':3 disniissioii ; but other-i attributed it to b-i ir. 
 
 Y
 
 rm MEMOIRS OF 
 
 dustry, in keeping the Princess of Denmark within 
 the pale of the protestant church, in opposition to 
 some extraordinary endeavours to get her over to that 
 of the church of Rome. 
 
 On the 14th of January, 1 685-6, my Lord Dela- 
 mere was tried by a particular commission, directed 
 to the lord high-steward, and thirty other peers. 
 The crime laid to his charge was conspiring to raise a 
 rebellion, and to subvert the government, in con- 
 junction with the Duke of Monmouth, and other 
 false traitors: and so on. I happened to sit near the 
 king during the whole trial : but the only positive 
 evidence against his lordship, was one Saxton, an 
 obscure fellow, who swore that about the time of the 
 Duke of Monmouth's landing, he was recommended 
 by the Lord Brandon, to the Lord Delamere, and 
 discoursed with him at his house in Cheshire, upon 
 the 4th of June, Sir Robert Cotton and another 
 gentleman being present ; that their conversation was 
 about assistance being given to the said duke ; and 
 that his lordship should say, " he was engaged to 
 " raise 10,000 men in his cause ; but that he could 
 " not effect it so soon as he had [)romised, because 
 *' of a present want he was under of money." What 
 the other witnesses had to alledge, was all circum- 
 stance and hearsay, some said the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth had told them, he depended upon help from 
 Lord Macclesfield, Lord Brandon, and Lord Dela- 
 mere ; and that they would be ready to rise in 
 Cheshire, as soon as he landed: others swore that 
 the duke had written and sent messages to his 
 friends in London, to give notice to the lords to be 
 ready j and that he was preparing for England. In
 
 SIR JOHN RI-RFSIJY. 3>3 
 
 the course of this trial, a point of law nevi'r before 
 heard tjf, was started, by the lord high-stewarti, and 
 the solicitor-general ; namely, that though there 
 were but one positive evidence, in a case of high 
 treason, if the rest, though but circumstantial, con- 
 curred therewith, it was sufficient to find a prisoner 
 guilty : for example ; supposing one man should 
 hear another say, he intended to kill the king upon 
 such a dav, and that another swears he saw the party 
 he in wait to prosecute his intention; the evidence is 
 sulTicient. But whatever there might be in this law, 
 it was by no means applicable to the prisoner ; lor lu* 
 most convincingly disproved the main evidence, Sax- 
 ton, and, by the clearest testinionv, made il ap]jear, 
 that neither the two gentlemen nor himself were 
 u[)on the spot upon the 4th of June ; that two of 
 them were llu-n actuallv in London, and the other 
 sixteen mil(S oil : he iwged also, that if the man had 
 worn nothing but truth aganist him, he could be no 
 legal witnes.^, bi'.ng him->elt a prisoner, ami taken in 
 rebellion when \h)nniouth was routed, and conse- 
 (jucntlv und'-r a temptation to swear aiiain^t him, to 
 !^a\e his own lilc. Upon the whole he uas ;icijuitted, 
 every one (jf the j)(,'ers di'claring Imn not guilt \'. 
 There were those who condemned the lawvers, who 
 had adviied the king to bring a {)eer to trial upon so 
 slender a foundation; wb.ilc others observed, that, 
 as the king had committeil liim to pri-^cMi, it \vas but 
 fit he sh'juM be briuigbt to a public tiKil, K -I it 
 shouK. be said he had been detaim cl when nolbine- 
 :ip[)eared agaiint bun. But when all was ('\er, I 
 plainly saw the king was in great r.ige witli S;'.\lon, 
 and the next dav he deelared, he shou'd be tir^t
 
 324- MEMOIRS OF 
 
 convicted for perjury^ and then hanged for high- 
 treason. 
 
 A few days afterwards, (Jan. 1 8th) I dined with 
 the lord- chancellor, where the lord-mayor of Lon- 
 don was a guest, and some other gentlemen. His 
 lordship having, according to custom, drank deep at 
 dinner, called for one Montfort, a gentleman of his, 
 who had been a comedian, an excellent mimic, and 
 to divert the company, as he was pleased to term it, 
 he made him plead before him in a feigned cause, 
 during which he aped all the great lawyers of the age, 
 in their tone of voice, and in tlieir action and gesture 
 of body, to the very great ridicule not only of the 
 lawyers, but of the law itself, which, to me, did not 
 seem altogether so prudent in a man of his lofty 
 station in the law ; diverting it certainly was, but 
 prudent in the lord high-chancellor, I shall never 
 think it : but let us step to the king. 
 
 It was now known, that Mrs. Sidley, who had been 
 the king's mistress, and had several children by him 
 when Duke of York, but whom he had deserted for 
 a while when he came to the crown, was as much in 
 his favour as ever ; for he created her Countess of 
 Dorchester, and visited her frequently ; which gave 
 the queen a great deal of uneasiness ; but there was 
 no help for it; till at length her majesty's party and 
 priests did so importune the king, and so pressingly 
 remonstrate to him the sin of this amour, and, what 
 was worse, the disparagement it would throw on 
 their religion, that it was reported he would abandon 
 his mistress, and that he had sent her word, either to 
 retire into France, or to expect to have her pension 
 of four thousand pounds a year withdrawn.
 
 SIR JOHX RKIU-SIJV. J-2j 
 
 To resume the lord-chancellor once an-ajn ; he 
 had now like to have died ofa fit of the stone, wiiich 
 he virtuously brouii^lit Uj)0u himself by a furious de- 
 bauch of wine, at Mr. Alderman Duncomb's ; where he, 
 the lortl-treasurer, and others, drank, themselves into 
 that height ortVen/.y, that, among friends, it was whis- 
 pered they had >trif)|)ed into then- shirts, and that, 
 had not an accitlent prevented them, they had i^ot 
 upon a siL^n-po^t, to drmk the king's health ; which 
 v.as the Mjhject of much derision, to lay no worse. 
 
 The term the [parliament was prorogued to bein^ 
 expired, the members ot the house of eouunons, and 
 the lords, met in their respective places. The com- 
 mons that appeared, weit to the number el about 
 one hundred and fifty; and being suu)moned hy the 
 black rod to appear in the house of lords, a commis- 
 sion directed lo the lord-chancellor, loi'd-lreasurer, 
 ;:nd other>, empowering them, or any of them, to 
 prorogue the parliament till the loth of May ne\t, 
 was read, and the parliamenl was j^rorogued accorti- 
 mgly. 
 
 Tliough it couKl not be as yet said, that the king 
 had made any ncjtable inva>ion on the rights of the 
 chiu-ch of I'^ngland, he recurred to all the methods 
 he could contrive and practise for the increase of his 
 own ; by putting more pajJist^ into ollice m this 
 kiugdoui, but e^pe(ially in Ireland; by causing, or at 
 least allowing popi->h bt)oks to be printed, and suld, 
 atul cried about publit ly ; by publishing some popish 
 papers fbunal m the late kmg's closet ; by a declara- 
 tion that his late majesty died a papi>l, and in what 
 nuniier , by an account of the conversation of the 
 'ale late Duchess of York, together with her reason-
 
 326 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 for the same, as written by herself: by a letter or 
 order to the Archbishop of Canterbury, to direct the 
 clergy of his province to preach a good life, but never 
 to meddle with controversies in their sermons ; by 
 sending the Lord Castlemain upon a solemn embassy 
 to the pope, and by much more of the same nature 
 and tendency ; which made it expected that more 
 would infallibly follow. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 29th of April, ]686, being the 
 first of the term, a great change was made among 
 the judges in Westminster-hall : there was a new 
 chief-justice of the common pleas, and another new 
 judge of the same bench ; there was a new chief- 
 baron ; in fine, four new judges of the several courts. 
 This made a considerable noise, as the gentlemen 
 now displaced were of great learning and loyalty, and 
 whose only crime had been, they would not give 
 their opinions, as several of their brethren had done^ 
 *' that the king by his prerogative might dispense 
 *' with the test required of Roman- catholics." The 
 next day I was informed by Mr. Jones, son to 
 the chief-justice of that name, lately turned out, that 
 his father, upon hisdismJssion, observed to the king, 
 that he was by no means sorry he was laid aside, old 
 and worn out as he was in his service ; but con- 
 cerned, that his majesty should expect such a con- 
 btruction of the law from him, as he could not ho- 
 nestly give ; and that none but indigent, ignorant, 
 or ambitious men, would give their judgment as he 
 expected ; and that to this his majesty made answer, 
 it was necessary his judges should be all of one mind. 
 He told me farther, that Sir Robert Sawyer, the at- 
 torney-general, had been directed by the king to
 
 sill JOHN Ri:R[:snv. oqt 
 
 draw up a warrant, by virtue of his prcroealivc, to 
 invest a priest of the church of Home with a benefice, 
 and to confirm one Walker, licad of a house in Ox- 
 ford, and some fellows of the same, who had erred 
 over to the p.ipa! communion, by a )ion ol-stdiitc: that 
 the attorney said tliis would not he ac;ainst one sta- 
 tute onlv, hut against all tlie laws since the days of 
 Elizabeth ; that he then^ore durst not do it, and 
 desired the kinii; to weiLrh the matter a little with 
 himselt ; for that it struck at the very root of the 
 protestant church, (juite contrary to his majestv's 
 late p;racious |)romises ; in short, that the attorney 
 farther said, he doubted not but as soon a> another 
 could be found to do the work, he should lose his 
 place; such a slave was the kiui^ to the j)riesthood of 
 Kt)me. 
 
 But whatever the altorniy at [)resent expected, the 
 solicitor I'inch v/as turned out on the 5th of Ma\', 
 ami one Powi^ appointed \\\ his slead, who was ready 
 and williufj: to clcj what the other refused : which was 
 to draw up a warrant for confu-miui:; ot Walker in his 
 oilice of head (jf Univer>ity-coIlege in Oxford, and 
 tlu'ee fellows of the same; and another in behalf of 
 the parson of Putne\-, which afterwards j)a';sed the 
 great seal, thouL^di the parties u(^re papists as strong 
 a>; could be. And to complete, as it were, all, most 
 of the protectant ofhcers in the army in Ireland were 
 removed, and papicts substituted in their stead. 
 
 On the lOtli of May, the terrn of prorogation being 
 elapsed, it was by commission continued to the 'I'ld of 
 November following. 'I'he king said thi-. morning, in 
 his bedchamb(M-, that many of the jjohticians of the 
 bouse of commons were come u|), in fear he '-liouM
 
 328 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 surprise them with doing of business ; but that he 
 would not do by them, as they had been wont to do 
 with the crown : a very extraordinary speech. But, 
 three days afterwards, taking my leave of the Lord 
 Dover, late Henry Jermin, Esq., a pnpist and great 
 favourite, he told me the parliament would certainly 
 meet at the time last limited, and that if they would 
 not comply with the king, they were to look to the 
 issue. In short, the king having lately got him a 
 Jesuit for his confessor, drove on at a great rate, and 
 seemed by far more intent than before upon promot- 
 ing and spreading his own religion. In a word, he 
 was now resolved to protect those of his own implicit 
 faith at all adventures, a notable instance of which 
 w^as exhibited on the 21st of June, in the case of 
 Sir Edward Hales, a profest papist, to whom the 
 king having given a regiment of foot, he was this 
 term sued upon the statute, for five-hundred pounds, 
 he keeping his employment without the qualification 
 required Upon which occasion it was agreed by all 
 the judges, Baron Street excepted, that the king 
 had a power to dispense with all penal statutes, and 
 that his majesty, enjoying alone the power, was the 
 only judge in the case ; and so Sir Edward pleading 
 the king's pardon, obtained the better of the prose- 
 cution ; an event which gave great surprize, and occa- 
 sioned much discourse the whole kingdom over. 
 
 Notwithstanding what had been so confidently as- 
 sured me concerning the sitting of parliament, a pro- 
 clamation was issued out on the 15th of October, for 
 the still farther prorogation of it from the 22d of No- 
 vember to the 14th of the February following. After 
 this, the king continued his course of displacing pro-
 
 -IR JOHN lu.ui.sin . 
 
 :i->'j 
 
 to.itants in favour of their enemies die j:;ij)i>t^, aiui I 
 e\|)ccte(l when it was to be my turn ; tor 1 had fre- 
 (ji;eiit alarms of that sort ; every post brouL^ht us ac- 
 count of ofhcers both civil and inihtary deprived of 
 employment ; of some who roii^ned their commis- 
 sions and places ; hut the mo-t general accounts were 
 of persons actually discarded, and that pa[)i--ts were, 
 h*r the most part, put in to >ucceed them. Lord Cla- 
 rendon, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, was recalled, and 
 Mr. Talbot, a rigid Iri-^h papi>t, a little before created 
 l'>arl of T\rconnel, >ent over in his room; which made 
 'H) dreadful an imj:)re'>'^ion upon man\ protestants of 
 that king(k)m, that they either left or sold their e>tates 
 as thcv could, and can:ie over into Eni^dand. Mr, Sa- 
 vllle, vicc-chamberlain to the king', and who had been 
 of his bedchamber when Duke of York, and since then 
 ambas'^ador in IVance, win put out ot all em[)lovinent. 
 Lcavii;^^ the public atl'iu-s (or a while, at this un- 
 t-Avard pass, I would venture to take notice ol a pri- 
 vate occurrence which made some noise at York. 
 The a-'^izes being there held on the 7th of March, 
 l-()v^()-7, an old woman was condemned for a witch. 
 Tho<e who were more credulous in points of this 
 natiire than rnvNclf, conceived the evidence to be very 
 stronir airain-^L lur. The boy slie was said to have 
 Iv witched, fell down on a sudden before all the court, 
 when he saw her, and would then as sutldenly return 
 to him-^clt again, .md ver) distmctly relate the several 
 injuries she had clone him : but in all this it was ob- 
 served, tilt: boy was tree Irom any distortion ; that \\c 
 did not toam at the mouth, and that his fits did not 
 have him gradually, but all at once ; so that, upon the 
 whole, the ludge thought it proper to reprieve her, in
 
 3^0 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 which he seemed to act the part of a wise man. But 
 though such is my own private opinion, I cannot help 
 continuing my story. One of my soldiers being upon 
 guard about eleven in the night, at the gate of Clifford 
 Tower, the very night after the witch was arraigned, 
 he heard a great noise at the castle, and going to the 
 porch, he there saw a scroll of paper creep from under 
 the door, which, as he imagined by moonshine, turned 
 first into the shape of a monkey, and thence assumed 
 the form of a turkey-cock, which passed to and fro by 
 him. Surprized at this, he went to the prison, and 
 called the under-keeper, who came and saw the scroll 
 dance up and down and creep under the door, where 
 there was scarce an opening of the thickness of half 
 a crown. This extraordinary story I had from the 
 mouth of both the one and the other : and now leave 
 it to be believed or disbelieved, as the reader may be 
 inclined this way or that. 
 
 It is fit we observe, that the way of dealing with 
 men, who proposed any business to themselves in the 
 government, and especially the members of both 
 houses of parliament, that were in possession of places 
 and near the king, was thus: his majesty took them 
 aside, and told them the test-act was made in the height 
 of faction, not so much in prejudice to the Roman-ca- 
 tholics in general, as to himself in particular, and to 
 obviate his rightful accession ; that while that, and the 
 penal laws remained in force, no soul of that persuasion 
 could be safe ; that it was against all municipal law, 
 for free-born subjects to be excluded the service of 
 their prince, or for a prince to be restrained from em- 
 ploying such subjects as he thought for his service ; 
 and that therefore he hoped they would be so loyal as
 
 SIR JOHN KKUKSIiV. 3J1 
 
 noL to refuse him tlu ir voices for annulling: such unrea- 
 sonable laws. I'Acry man that persisted in a refusal to 
 coiiiplv willi tlii5 suggestion, was sure to be outed . 
 
 I'he tune for the nieetinc; ot the parliament now 
 dravving near, an 1 >everal of the members neglecting 
 to repair to London; the king t)rdered the judges, in 
 thc'.r >everal circuit'-, to (cvl the pul^'S of the men ; 
 in consequence ui which I was, to n)y great surprize, 
 accosted at York by the judge, who told me, he had 
 orders to talk with me upon tlu- subject. I asked him 
 if his maj''sty had made jKuticular mention o( my 
 name; to u hi. h ri'plying, that he had onlv received 
 ,1 LTeneral order from the kinp;. to sound the inclina- 
 tions ot the sc'cral gentlemen who sat in parliament, 
 and that he had had a particular instruction from the 
 rliancellor only, as to myself by name; I desired time 
 tn consider iA it, and the next morning returned for 
 answer, that I perceived a denial would be construed 
 info d!>lovaU) , that I had so lately waited on the 
 kmg, and given such as>urance of niv integrity, tliat 
 I could not apprehend hi-? majest\' could harbour any 
 doubt a> to int , and. the rather, as he liad not been 
 plea-^cd to make use of fny name; that I could not con- 
 ceive myst 11 obliged to declare m\self to anvbody else: 
 but that if his majesty should think fk to say any 
 tiling to me farther than he had already, when I liad 
 tix' honour of waiting on him next, which I intended 
 should be speedil) , I would ^o consult my loyalty and 
 my conscience, Jiii to give him all the sati>faction in my 
 power: the judgt- told me he would make report ot 
 V. hat I had s.iid ; and did not seem to be very forward 
 in pressing a comjjhance ; he had his orders, and he 
 obeyed thenj, I dcenutl this to be the mo>t prudent
 
 'T^O 
 
 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 reply I could at this time make; for had I answered in 
 the affirmative, I might have incurred the displeasure 
 and censure of the greatest part of the nation ; if in 
 the negative, I should have utterly disobliged the king; 
 a caution the more necessary to be taken, as there was 
 no likelihood there would be any meeting of parliament, 
 to control him in his conduct. However, I believe 
 that in all cases of this nature it is safest to unbosom 
 one's self to the prince in person, and as much as 
 possible avoid the danger that may arise from the 
 treachery, the prejudice, or the ignorance of a reporter. 
 In consequence of this examination of the members, 
 a number of vacancies ensued, and among others that 
 were deprived, was Herbert, the vice-admiral of Eng- 
 land, and master of the robes: he, in those days, en- 
 joying places to the value of three thousand pounds a 
 year. The king having threatened, and put his 
 threats in execution, and also made use of the most 
 plausible persuasions, to draw the majority of parlia- 
 ment into his own way of thinking, as to the test and 
 penal laws, and all to no sort of purpose, cared not to 
 see them assembled at the time seemiugly appointed; 
 and therefore, on the 18th of March, declared in 
 council, that for divers weighty considerations the par- 
 liament stood prorogued to the 22d of the November 
 following. His majesty, upon the same occasion de- 
 clared, that it having been found impracticable to ef- 
 fect an uniformity in religion, though it had been the 
 great endeavour of four of his predecessors succes- 
 sively, assisted as much as possible by their parliament; 
 iind that such attempts having been experienced to be 
 highly prejudicial to the kingdom, witness the fatality 
 of the rebellion in his father's time; he was now de~
 
 SIR JOHN RKRKSFiV. 333 
 
 termined to issue out a cleclaratiou in favour of all 
 sorts of dissenters, tliat they might enjoy llu- frre {)rac- 
 tice of their own religion: hoping it might contrihute 
 to the general jieaee and cjuiet of the kingdoin, the 
 increase of the people, and the advancement of trade. 
 But whatever the reasons nlledged were, it appeared 
 to most men, that a deej) design was laid to sap the 
 foundations of the church of England, ijor could her 
 sons but dread some extraordinary shocks ; though 
 some there were, who apprehending no very extraor- 
 dinarv con^equt'nce of these machinations, believed 
 such a lt)leralion might be of public emoknnent, if 
 considered in a political view ; w Inch was by much 
 the most s[)ecious side of the building ; which shall 
 close up this vear. 
 
 At length the declaration for liberty of conscience 
 ni.idt.' ii> a{)pearance with us in the north, on the Jth 
 of A[)ril lt)S7 , gilded over with the taking pretence 
 of tenderness, on the part ol his majesty, towards all 
 hi> subjects whatsoever ; containing an in\ itation to 
 all strangers of ever)- sect to come among us : pre- 
 tending a farther improvement of our trade, and pro- 
 miNiiig protection to the bishops and ministers of the 
 church o( I-aiglaiid, in their rights, privileges, ami im- 
 munities, as alio the free and undisturbed exercise l)( 
 their religion in all their churches. But all this wa-; 
 too well understood to divide the protestant churches, 
 dnidc (7 i.'/ijjt ru, that --o the j)api.its might with the 
 more ea-^e ptjssess themselves of the highest })l;ice ; 
 which the presbyterians or Calvinists, who had most 
 of them began to conffjrm, seemed to be well aware 
 ol ; and therefore continued to report to our churches, 
 tlujutrli the anabripti^ts, ejuakers, and )iu!e[)endant-
 
 33i MEMOIRS OF 
 
 thought it worth their while to return their addresses 
 of thanks and acknowledgment. Elated, seemingly, 
 with this, the king goes on in his old course of dis- 
 placing gentlemen that had posts, but particularly such 
 as were of the parliament, and obstinate enough to 
 withstand his wishes ; and now the parliament being 
 prorogued, it was not thought worth the trouble to 
 inquire which way any body stood inclined, so that 
 the late question concerning the test and penal laws 
 was dropped, or at least suspended. All this ine- 
 quality of usage wrought but upon few protestants 
 either of estate or quality to change their faith, little 
 or not at all allured by the baits thrown in their way, 
 or terrified by the king's frowns and implacable dis- 
 pleasure : honour therefore now was the grand bul- 
 wark of our religion, gentlemen disdaining to have 
 thought they could sacrifice the sweets of conscience 
 to the mercenary viev/s of a reward. In the midst of 
 this, dies the Duke of Buckingham, a man once of 
 vast estate, and oftentimes in high favour with the 
 late king, though never with the present j a man of 
 the most exquisite wit of his time, the handsomest, 
 and best bred ; but unfortunately given up to pleasures, 
 unsteady in his ways, and, in all respects, an enemy 
 to himself. 
 
 While addresses of thanks were every day presented 
 to the king, on the part of the various denominations 
 of dissenters, and from some even of the church of 
 England ; I had frequent alarms that the papists were 
 in a way of persuading the king to grant them the 
 manor of York, as a seminary for the instruction of 
 youth in the principles of their faith ; and on the 24 th 
 of June I heard it was granted" accordingly to one
 
 SIK JOHN KKUrsiJV. 33J 
 
 Lawson, a priest, for a term of thirty \c:\r<. Siirpri/.cd 
 at this, I wrote to the Lord Bcllassis, thr principal 
 corninissioiier of the treasury, rrmoiistralni;^, that I 
 had had it hy my roninii^sidti u( governor, grante<l to 
 invseirh\- the late ^-ing, and contirnii'd h\ llii-. ; that 
 it was worth sixty pounds a year to me, and that it luid 
 cost me above two hnnthed poimds m repairs, ^mce I 
 had enj0}ed it ; and that as I had been allowed nothing 
 fur thisexpenee, I desired it might be either continued 
 U) me, ur that his majesty would be graciously pleased 
 to grant me such a compensation in lieu thereof, and 
 consider me in my disbursement, in such manner and 
 pro[)ortion, as in his great }ustic:e and wisdom he 
 should think tit. A lew days afterwards, a procla- 
 mation came to hand, bearing date the 'id of July, 
 whereby the king dissolved the parliament, and at 
 once stunned the mam body of the nation. The next 
 dav, the pope's nuncio bemg to make his public entrv 
 at Windsor, the Duke of Somerset, one of the lijrds 
 of the bedchamber m waiting, refused attendance at 
 that solemnit\' ; for which he was forbidden the conn, 
 and deprived of all his j)laces : the >ame fate bcf'el five 
 ot the six gentlemen of the priv\-chamber, for the 
 self-'-ame cau^e; '^o that ever\ hour thin<rs looked 
 worse and worse, A while after I had a letter \vo\n 
 Lord Fevcr^ham, toaccjuaint me, that according tomv 
 desire, \ic had spoke to the king concerning tlie manor 
 of York; but that he had found lie had pi-omiscil If tc* 
 father Laws(;n, for the u^es above speciliedi that his 
 majesty told him, he did not know I lived in it, .ju\ 
 that if I had bt en at any charge in repairs, 1 bhould be 
 considered for tl:e same; but added, for my present 
 comfc)rt, that, was I nut so isood a man as he took me
 
 336 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 to be, he would not have kept a governor at York so 
 long as he had done. But I shortly after had another 
 letter from the same lord, to tell me that the lords- 
 commissioners of the treasury had so represented the 
 business to the king, at Windsor, that no positive reso- 
 lution was as yet taken. 
 
 In the midst of the impending dangers which seemed 
 to threaten us, there was a nobleman, the Marquis of 
 Winchester, who had by his conduct persuaded some 
 people to think him mad, though he certainly acted 
 upon principles of great human prudence. This gentle- 
 man passing through Yorkshire, in his way to London, 
 I went to pay him a visit. He had four coaches and 
 an hundred horses in his retinue, and staid ten days at 
 a house he borrowed in our parts. His custom was 
 to dine at six or seven in the evening, and his meal 
 always lasted till six or seven the next morning ; during 
 which he sometimes drank; sometimes he listened to 
 music; sometimes he fell into discourse; sometimes 
 he took tobacco, and sometimes he ate his victuals ; 
 while the company had free choice to sit or rise, to go 
 or come, to sleep or not. The dishes and bottles were 
 all the time before them on the table; and when it was 
 morning, he would hunt or hawk, if the weather was 
 fair; if not, he would dance, go to bed at eleven, and 
 repose himself till the evening. Notwithstanding this 
 irregularity, he was a man of great sense, and though, 
 as I just now said, some took him to be mad, it is cer- 
 tain his meaning was to keep himself out of the way 
 of more serious censure in these ticklish days, and pre- 
 serve his estate, which he took great care of. 
 
 On the 12th of September the president of Mag- 
 dalen-coUege in Oxford, being dead, the king sent
 
 sii{ JOHN in:i{i;>r.\', 
 
 'j.;7 
 
 thrill lii> mnu'l'iuiu^, rc;juirin^- tlicin to (Ikvic^ tin; 
 l-i^iiDji ot' liiaL citv ill lii-i sli';i.l ; but t!h'\ :ii'-.w(_tl'>1, 
 /". !,^ pit uus ( s7. Tlu- kiiijx la'Mliii" Oxford 111 h.-; pro- 
 gress, ;iii(l tlu' MKistL'!' ami U'iiows ot tliat roIl.'^T w.ni- 
 iiiLT on liiin, lie told lluMii, ' till' [)i o[iIc' of tlic ( liiiri'Ii 
 of lai^L:l;nid had iimiI hiiii ih; that thrv had i)'-!iavid 
 m-ith<-r as lh-iiiIcmumi '>r LTciod suhiccts; ar.d ordt leJ 
 thL-in to ^"o piTst'iilK hack in then' elct'tion a;id 
 ( lioosc thi' hislioj), or he wouhl \cl thrrn find how 
 h('av\ a hand a kiii_u- iiath" 'l"hf\ went, hut i-ctunud 
 th'.s aiis\\(T: " that tiie\ wiTr sorr\ thc'\' should he so 
 untoitunatf as to Kill under iiis tiia)e,si \ 's dispK-;isnre ; 
 hut that the\ could not j)r'oceed to a new c'noiee without 
 actual COM) niissK)ii of w dful pei'iurv, and thereupon hoped 
 he u ould e\cusr ihcni."" Now, in this prcL;r( ss, it wa'N 
 an ol)srr\'alio;i LTeiii rail\ niad<', that the kiru'' courted 
 the dis-.( ntv ;'s, ;aid (hscountenanced the church oi 
 I, upland: !o'\ t i le pa] 1st s heme; h\' no ineaiisahiuiv 
 ol ihciiis- |\( s iiiinicrous en 'ueh to ii)^)c \\\[\\ \\ir na- 
 tional chuich, he t!iouj;ht to ,s!rcnL;tlieli iheni t", a 
 jiiiiciMii w,th the' dissenters, wlicin he hhnded w.tli 
 Ics iih'r!\ ot conscience, and \v;lh teliin;:; llieni th.d 
 hi- de-wed a rcj^c'al ol the te.st and penal ia\\s tiirtht il- 
 ea >l' and .scctirit \ , as nuich as in helialt of I lie pa[)i -t s. 
 
 A siran.j;e look it had, that tiicr ver\ peopK", who had 
 laleh. heen -o iiMKtatie;ahI\ l)Us\- to di\est hen ed his 
 iij,ht. and e\aai to deprnc Icin ot hie; it havine he n, 
 ,11 one parliament, attempted to iiiipi-acli him ot li::''.- 
 treason, upon the statute aLraiiist a i rconciliat ion v. idi 
 the ( liurch ol Koine; I .sa\ it looked strane-e, t..it 
 liicsr \'T\ men shiiuld he p!-el.r!-i'(l to thosi- w!' ) hi i 
 prestr\ed him cut < i tlica' iiaiids, nut in pa*!: I'li^ait 
 "\\'\, but in t;ie ficMal-o: hut it M'citis, ;i!l consoler-
 
 338 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 ations are of no worth or validity with a hearty zeal for 
 the priesthood of Rome, and that oblivion is so far 
 from being ingratitude, that it is highly to be com- 
 mended, a most salutary expedient, when for the advan- 
 taore of mother church. 
 
 In pursuance of this very ill doctrine, on the 28th of 
 September the king puts out several aldermen, who had 
 ever signalized themselves by their fidelity and loyalty, 
 who had adhered to him with the greatest constancy in 
 the very worst of times ; and, what is worse, they were 
 aldermen of the city of London, the) were members 
 of the church of England j and nonconformists filled 
 their places. Doctor Hough, president of Magdalen- 
 college, is now put out, by certain visitors appointed 
 bv the king for that purpose, for that he was elected 
 by the statutes, in contradiction to the king's incmda- 
 miis : but the doctor stoutly refused to quit, till com- 
 pelled by force, and then appealed from the visitors to 
 the king in Westminster-hall. 
 
 At this time it was my turn to feel a part of the storm 
 which had hitherto blown over me, or at some distance 
 on each side from me. On the 5th of November, I 
 received a letter from father Lawson, the priest I for- 
 merly mentioned, to give me notice, tliat the king 
 having made him a grant of his house, the manor of 
 St. Mary's in York, for the honour of God and the 
 good of his people, he expected from my usual civility, 
 that I would give him free and easy possession. To 
 whic!i I answered, that I held it by virtue of a com- 
 mission that constituted me governor of York ; that 
 he could not think I would divest myself of it by my 
 own act and (\Qe(.\', that I had too great a veneration 
 'or the king's bounty, and was too proud of his service^
 
 sin JOHN in;in:>in'. 'jr>'J 
 
 t.) (!() that; but that it" his in.ijcsty j)()>itlvi'ly corn- 
 iiiaiuird it, I >lu)ul.l have iK-lhiiii; to dohiit to ohcy ; with 
 this rr^crve, h()\V(.:\rr, that it hi^ niajosty l^avc tt aua\', 
 I hoped, and in justice' it was a (hily iiicuiDbeiit on him 
 to endeavour il, I was to haw >o\nv equivalent tor t!ie 
 loss. Several K-tters pa>>ed between us, till at length 
 the Ivud of I'ever'^hain ^ent me word, that it wa> :\r- 
 tnalK granted; while Liwson flattered me with espec- 
 tation^ that the kuiLC uoidd consider me (Mie wav or 
 ollicr, .;rid intormed me ul several things his majesty 
 >hc;uld ^aN ot iul'. 
 
 At !e^^th, on the 7th of December, father Law>oti 
 comes in [x.-rson, and claims ])o>session. It bemg in 
 vain to contest with bun, I ordered ni\ housekeeper to 
 give bin a(hnittan(-e ; but he lett it ap^ain tor tlie |;re- 
 sent, till I could !uo\e my ltoo.Is, The (dear profits ot 
 this pl;i',,e to me, !)'-;'!(-> i he n-e ot the hou^e tor niN'selt 
 and iriend>, an ' L:i'a->-> and ha\ tor my iiorses whiU' I 
 staid m t(;\\n, aniou'.ited to about foits j)oundh a \ear. 
 \lter this, I iAp( I'tetl the re--t woidd soon t(/dow; for 
 the kimj^ had cai. -cd or oi-dered the lord dieuteiKints ol 
 mo-t, it" II' 't ,ii:, ot the counties in laiglaiul, to call to- 
 gether (heir d' put:e> and the justices ot the [)eace, and 
 a-k them thi-^v' tb'ee (]ue>t;ons: 1. II in case the kini; 
 -hould I all a [jarhament, and they should b'." chosen 
 m''ml)( !'s ot" It ; whether or no thev would vote to take 
 ;nva\ tlu: ti>t and [)' ii; 1 huv -^ r 2. Whether or no thev 
 would i^e.e t In ir \ ote for such Miembers a-^ the)' believed 
 would be tor the re[)eal t' >r the s.ime ' '.'> . W hether or no 
 they vscnild live; p-eaecibb , and as Cbn^iians ought to 
 live, uithsuch a^ (litliM'cd [['<:':> them in n-liga)!! ? Some 
 lord-lie'^teiiaut^ w ho re!u--ed to ( ompK \Mlh tlii> ordi :', 
 ''Tr tumid out^ to - iw pla.ctj to pa; ists; and tiie dc 
 
 / !
 
 ^10 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 yjuty-lieutenants and justices of the peace, who did not 
 return a satisfactory answer, were for the most part 
 divested of ofhce. 
 
 This certainly was pushing the point by much too 
 far, nor could men forbear wondering to what purpose 
 it could be meant ; for what answer could any gentle- 
 man pretend to give, till he had heard the reasonings 
 and debates of the house ? And who could pretend to 
 answer for the man he voted to be a member ; or pre- 
 tend to be sure of what sort of a mind he would be when 
 he got to his seat in the house? If the general incli- 
 iiatiou had been to deceive the king, how easy was it 
 for men to express themselves one way and resolve ano- 
 llierr Besides, it was striking at the very foundation 
 of parliaments, thus to pre-engage the members, who, 
 according as things, upon their meeting, appeared to 
 them, are by the laws of the land allowed freedom of 
 speech, and freedom of judgment. But the most ge- 
 neral answer that was returned by the protestants of the 
 church of England was, that they, if of the house, 
 would so vote, as the reasons of the debate should pre- 
 vail with them ; that they would vote for such as they 
 thought would do the same; and that they would live 
 quietly with all men as good Christians and loyal sub- 
 jects. About this time there were great removes of 
 ofiicers, civil and military, and most corporations were 
 purged of tlieir church-of-England aldermen, and pa- 
 pists or dissenters appointed to succeed them. The 
 king, however, soon after seemingly abated of the ri- 
 gour of this scrutiny, though the lord-lieutenants con- 
 tinued the inquiry in most counties, but with very 
 httle success. 
 
 Whiie this was transacting in England^ the French
 
 sii{ JOHN Rr-Rf>in . ,;i! 
 
 K!!)^ was rngage.l in a iii^^li di.sjnitv wi'li lr\ liol'in-- 
 L){ Konu', conccni'iii; tht,' iminiiiunf^ aii'! iVai'.clix--; ot 
 ainl)aN^a(lor> 111 I'lat Citv, u!i\:), tlnMjh all ih'.- ; ra;' ,- 
 (II tlit.' c-athola- ri'li(j;i()ii -iib;ir,ttcil I'' llu- rc^nilatr )U u: , 
 llic Kini: o! b'ra.iirc wdnM not. ( iis aiiil),i^>a'!or, \\ii.> 
 woulil have (K-maii(!c<l liif ;aitn'iit laul;'-, \\a> ^I'lia it 
 audience, and jn-r^istm',;' ;n tli<' lliuij.', was dec!. i!'<vl 
 e.\C(.)niMUinicatcd ; itic caiaimais \\'-i\: ioria Kkai In i^,! 
 Inni a> .>\) aniha-sad.or ; an I tin. cdiun li ut St. I.eai-. 
 repnted the [)ar<i''hiai i Imrcli c( liie l'iin(ii nation, 
 uintlier the aiid)a--^a(K>i" .nid lii^ retinue la'-iaiird to t!ie 
 iinduiLrlit nia^> ot Chr';>lui:is, was int(a-dieiL'd, Icr ad- 
 iniltiii'j- Inni to partake ot llie (lc\'otnin> ol \\\c >ea-^on. 
 Upon uoticeof tlu->, the jJaiTiaiiient ol l^aia- w a> a>seui- 
 hled, and the allt)rne) u' iiei^ai (h'eu up an a[![)c:al hoin 
 Iv. me tn the ni-\t u'laier il c( anic il, ^et' mu" tort h t hat the 
 ]H)pe had no in-^t claim to iufalhhiht\ ; that he had no 
 power to e\coniinnnicatc jHinca'S ; that his piae-^tlv 
 iuthorit\ ua-^Mt'no weight in l^inpoia'.^; and that the 
 powi-rol the ke . > wa.- ahtised ulieii suh-^'.'rvaait toe\il 
 eni'-. Th it hi-> :iol:ne>s had not itni\- in tins acted 
 I >nti-adietoril\ to hi^ (diara(;ti'r as \acar, hut ai^o m 
 u'tu'^mu- hull^ tM -.uch a> Ins niaje>t \ I lad nominated and 
 recomuKaidt d to tin vacant i)i>hoprics m Ins t)\\n 
 kin_:d<)in, tor nw rea--on hut hecau<e tlie\ Wiinld n.'t 
 icknow ledLl'e lliiu t(J he intanihie, or, as tlie It.ihaii 
 doctor-^ call liim, lMn\er-al Miaiarcdi; tliat l)y tin^ 
 means there were no fewer than tlurtv vacancies nn->U])- 
 plied at tln> da\ ; an-1 tliat tlic pop,\ oh'-tinac\ earj,liL 
 to he controlled, as thf (ai-tom 1; id Icm n.i ih, h./en with 
 tile (diuia h, hy (rcnnnaiic, or naiional counciU. \t!ei- 
 tin-, and inuili more, tiie attorne\ wuhdrewa ::'i 1 was 
 ti\ the parliament adnnlt^.d as an a['[)er..!ni m lh' ca-e ;
 
 542 xMEMOlRS OF 
 
 the pope's bull was at the same time declared void ; it 
 Mas forbidden to disperse it within any part of the king- 
 dom, and ordered that the king should be humbly 
 entreated to exert his authority as to the immunities 
 and franchises of his ambassador at Rome; and to call 
 such councils, or assemblies of great men, as might 
 apply a remedy to the disorders that had arisen from 
 the long vacancies of archbishoprics and bishoprics; 
 and lastly, that he would prohibit all commerce with the 
 courtof Rome, nor suffer any money to be sent thither. 
 
 This was a strange sort of a scene to us in England. 
 It was thought we were most insejjarably linked toge- 
 ther willi our neighbour kingdom ; but while the one 
 is abjectly endeavouring to crouch to the lash, the other 
 is seemingly resolved to slip her neck out of the collar. 
 But on the 29th of January, 1G87-8, a proclamation is 
 heard, requiring public tiianksgiving tobe made, for that 
 our queen found herself quick with child. The joy on 
 account of this news, if it created any to speak of, 
 was continually interrupted by some violent or unequal 
 act or other, on the part of the king ; among the rest, 
 the Earl of Oxford, the first of his dignity in the realm, 
 though low in fortune, being couimandetl to use in- 
 terest in his lieutenancy for the repeal of the penal laws 
 and test; and making answer, ir^ plain terms, that he 
 could not persuade others to that, which in his ovv'n 
 conscience he was averse to, tlie k ing took his regiment 
 of horse from him, and gave it to the Duke of Berwick. 
 Some time afterwards, the Earl of Burlington resigned 
 his commission for the lord-lieutenancy of tiie West- 
 Riding of York, into the hands of the king, who im- 
 mediately gave it to Lord Thomas Howard, only bro- 
 ther to the Duke of Norfolk, a warm and zealous papist,
 
 SIR JOHN RLHIMJV. :>li 
 
 pursuant to the method his niajcsty hail iuihcrto tc- 
 ;i i(i(Hi->Iy ub.NcrvL'd with rcgarJ to most if tlu- liei. te- 
 nancies that heeame vacant in England. 
 
 The \\ e^t-Ki(llnLI: of York>hire had not been e\a- 
 nnned as i') the repeal (jt the te>^t ami penal laws; and 
 now at the uaMieral (juarti^r sessions at Pomfret, on tiie 
 24th of April, loss, the p()pi-'h justices, in number .six, 
 am! Sir John Hointon, the king's Serjeant, who, as I 
 p'resume, a-pired to be a jnilge, moved that an addre>s 
 <>{ ihanks might be signed and presented to his majesty, 
 tor his late uidiilgence a. to matters of conscience, and 
 that not onb, b\ all the in-tices, but by the two grand 
 juries : but none ot the justices, except the six above, 
 .and one Mr. Hull, nor either ot the grand juries, would 
 -et tlu ir hands to this address ; so that the Roman- 
 catholics sent it u}), signed by themselves, as the act 
 of the whole ses,si')ns. P)V such tricks and artifices as 
 these, the king uri- decei\C(l m the t)pinion his subjects 
 had of his Lite indulgence ; three or lour men, in sq- 
 ver;d jilaces as well as this, jiretending to spt;ak and 
 ans.ver k;rthe whole corporation, orcountv. 
 
 A tew (lav- afterwards (May the 7th) a Konian-(M- 
 tiiolic ju-t'''e tc^ld nie, the king was now convinced, 
 that he had been ill acKised in puslnng the (juestion 
 concerning the repeal ot the test; that he intended to 
 put nut some justices and admit others, though not by 
 that method, but by ini'orming him^elt, tVom such as 
 lie knew to be true to hi- service, how tlu'v stocul at- 
 tected as to libertv of conscience; and that he lia.l 
 [)articular orders from the Lord TIk. mas Howarei, who 
 had the same Irom the king, to advise first with me 
 upon tha.t subject. I tuld him tliat the method lately 
 taken had mo'^t assuredly been of no advantage to his
 
 2U MEMOIRS OF 
 
 majesty, most of the principal and powerful gentlemen, 
 in every county, having been thereby thrust out of 
 employment: but that this new method would be at- 
 tended with as great difficulties, and be subject to the 
 same fallacy, it being impossible for one man to pry 
 into the recesses of another man's heart ; nay, that it 
 was even a hard matter for a man to promise for him- 
 self. P^or according to the supposition, he was to be 
 either in parliament, or out of it; if he himself should 
 be elected, he could not honestly promise which way 
 he should vote, till he came to his seat, and heard tlse 
 tic-bates; and that if he was not elected, it would !;e 
 ]uitc impossible in any degree to answer for i; - m-;n 
 he should chuse for his representative; that I bvlievLd 
 most men thought a liberty of conscience niiglit be oi' 
 use and advantage to the nation, if settled upon a pro- 
 per foundation, and with true regard to the riglits and 
 privileges of the church of England. To this he re- 
 plied, that the king had openly declared the church of 
 England should have any reasonable equivalent she 
 could desire for her security, provided an act might pass 
 for the liberty of conscience : and told me we should 
 meet and talk farther upon this head, which for the 
 present I evaded as much as possible ; I carctl not to 
 explain myself quite, having no inclination to expose 
 myself any farther than was barely needful, or to give 
 characters of other men. 
 
 Having at two several times, in May, obtained leave 
 to repair to London, I there found affairs to stand 
 much in the posture I expected. The popisli })arty 
 was very urgent with the king to press the repeal of 
 the lawt; against them, and the other as obstinate and 
 headstrong against it; and what brought the dispute
 
 si!i JOHN' i{r:ki:>in-. ;:r. 
 
 i/ .1 '>till ofreater (IcLrrti' ol \variiilh, \\a- mw in^-to v. l;.;t 
 f-liows: his iDai'j-tv luvl latcK rtncwcd Im^ pr^KKinia-- 
 t;(>t) i'nr !ihfrt\ ot roiiscioiict% and p-:\cti order t ) il,i- 
 'Msh,)[)s. to (.\'ui-t> iL bi' rrad in iho (diurrlu'-; nt linlr 
 r('-[u;( tiv-' (li()'\'-<'S. I'lit- Arrlih^li' ij) ( )l C^in*''' b'.u'w 
 :i!id tiio ri -t <-'?' the order, rcinon^tr.ihd a^ai'.wt !: , 
 -it'':;i'_ tvirth, in a p liti-n [\\c\ ])r('-<cntrd to llir k:i,:r, 
 ';. :; U\c\ roii: ! not |t:i\ Ins ni, sickly obi'duaicc m \\li;it 
 ill- \\a> pKi^i'd to rt'cjuM'c o\ llirni, thai no hi^hoj), or 
 'ii!n;-tt*r ot th<' chur.h ut I'aiLi'aud cmiKl a>-fnt to i\n: 
 : '"oel,i:nati(in, whicli inii't ol r(<iir>c he nnph.cd hy 
 'iHif ri'a h:>;x it, or can^iiin; it to hr read; that a de- 
 ' htration o' the -^aine nature, on the part ol ihr kniir, 
 11 :(i been in parhainent ( ondnniied twict^ in the hite 
 reii:'!! ; that tiu'rett)re the\ iiiiLdit he liable to be called 
 to an aeeiiunt hereattrr, fo;- (ioinir \^hat hadi bctn j.tl- 
 ind^i'dt eontrar\ to l.iw ; tliat thoii^-h tin: king of iiiin- 
 xclt cmiii! i!ij If) ti ru>!^\ \\\f inun^ter^ r.r a'ftnt-> \vr!"i- 
 n.^j/On^ilile for wiiatcAcr ua^ d^^\]0. mlra.' lory ot t!ic 
 la'A ; and. ihoneji his niaie-^t^ h;.d been p'ra-ed to 
 declare i 'iheitv ot con-e'i n< e, if. ua-. iit \r;'tiiri''<s, 
 the d'lt'. 'ifthe- cdiTgv, a- nuudi a-, in iht'ni la'. , ! i pi-r- 
 >nade men into an a. Iheraiee to tin ir v oii,;;unii:;n ; 
 thai tor thein tn pnbli-h the king-"> ,)Ka.>i'i'c, ni tia- 
 nianniT i c jUiTo, would he the same a-> it thcv ni'd 
 th'- peoj;!.- thr\ needed not to eoine to chtin'' cxerpt 
 th(\ p'ca-i/d , ar.d that \i) the >a:nc rnu' he miLi-h; - jin- 
 niand tiinn to r^ a.d nia>-> in tlu'ir ehina iif>, an i u' 
 loend tt) obt'. 1 hf-M; and nianv other ar^aineii'- 
 W'-rr, ujion t hi> oeea^!o,ii, oticred b\ the i)i-lio['> , at 
 whicii tlu' kiiiLi- ' oiicrived >o VKjknt a di^pKa-i.: < , tliat 
 tluy wore eoininanded to appear in euuneil 'u-ldre linn, 
 ' '1 the Mil uf June.
 
 'J[6 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 In the mean time, I kissed the king's hand on the 
 Jst of June, and met with a gracious reception : I was 
 honoured with a visit from the Marquis of Hallifax, 
 who expressed himself pretty well inclined for liberty 
 of conscience, but averse to the test and penal laws all 
 at once, though he was seemingly not unwilling it 
 should be done gradually, and upon wise and weighty 
 considerations. 
 
 On the 8th of June seven of the bishops made their 
 appearance before the king in council, where they were 
 commanded to enter into recognizances of five hundred 
 pounds a man, to answer to an information to be 
 brought against them the next term, for disobedience 
 to the king's orders. This they refused to do, saying 
 they were not to engage themselves under any security 
 of the kind, till the information or indictment was 
 found, and that by so doing they should not only run 
 counter to the law, but betray the liberty of the peerage ; 
 npon which the Archbishop of Canterbury and his six 
 brethren were committed prisoners to the Tower, a 
 severity most deeply resented by the whole church. 
 Being then at Whitehall, I saw the bishops going to 
 take water for the Tower: they all looked very cheer- 
 fuilv; and the Bishop of Chichester, in particular, 
 called to me, and asked me howl did. The next day 
 the Lord Huntingdon, one of the privy-council, told 
 ]r,r-, that had the king known how far the thing would 
 have gone, he would never have laid the injunction he 
 did, to have the declaration read in churches. 
 
 In the midst of this ferment, on the lOtlj of this 
 !nonth, being Trinity Sunday, about four minutes be- 
 fore ten in the morning, the queen was deHvered of a 
 prince, to the great joy of the court. But as important
 
 >lll JOHN RF.IMMIV. 
 
 :;r 
 
 J- ihis event n^/igl>t seem to be, little iintiec inny Iji- 
 <;ii.i t(j fuive Ijeeii taken of it. The iin[)i isoninent (jI 
 tiie bi.->hoi).> was now uppermost in the minds of mcjst 
 ot" the people, who fl()ek.ec] to them in -ueii numheis, 
 ("or their bles>ini^, and to condole tJicii- hard iisatrc, tluit 
 great and \ery extraordinary remark^ were made both 
 c){ p'ersons and beiiavioiir. Amom:; tlu,' rest, ten non- 
 {onformist ministers went to })av them a vi>!t, which 
 ihe king- took so lu'inou-lv, that he sent for four of 
 them to reprimand the:n ; but their ati^wer was, " that 
 thev eould not but adhere lo the prisoners, as men 
 eon-tant ant! firm to the proleslant l'>:ith;" ur to that 
 purpose. Xa\ , wiiat is meMe eMtraoidmary, the \erv 
 soldicTS that kept guard in the Tower, would h-e(juentl) 
 diank good-health to the bi>ho{)s ; which being under- 
 stood by Sir l''.dward I lale^^, constable ot the Tower, he 
 sent orders to tlie captain ot the guartl, to see it was 
 vloue no more ; but the answer he received wa>, " that 
 tiiey were doing it at the veiy instant, and would drink 
 that, and no other lu-altli, \s Inle the hi-^hop^ were there."' 
 
 At length, (June Ifi), the lirst day ol the term came 
 'ibout, when the archbishop and the rot moving for 
 the llal-((i< ('(>rj)us, twenty -one o(" the verv prime ol" 
 the n(bility appeared at the Iving's-bench lo bail ihem ; 
 ;.nd the) were bailed accordingly. lJ[)oii this occasion 
 the liall autl Palace-) ards were crouded with thousands 
 ot peo()le; udu) bcggmg their blessing as tlu v ])asscd^ 
 the arclibishop trt:ely gave it, and as rr(H'I\, at the ->ame 
 time, exhorted dicm to be conitani lo their rehgion. 
 A fortnight atlerunrds, on tb.e 'ioth, an iiil"ormation 
 \\as exhibited against tlicir lordMhipi in l\\c Ivmjx's- 
 ''nch. for that the\ had framed and published ;i sedi- 
 
 ii> !d)e!, ol vvliicli tlie jury would noi fiud ther'-..
 
 SIS MEMOIRS OF 
 
 guilty. The council for the bishops, the ablest of their 
 profession in all England, produced such arguments in 
 their behalf, that the judges were divided ; two of them 
 declaring that the proofs did not extend to the making 
 their petition or address a libel ; and two of them, that 
 they did : which cost Sir Richard Holloway and Sir 
 John Puwell their seats on the bench, as soon as the 
 term was over. In the course of this trial, the power 
 of the king to dispense with the laws (that grand point) 
 was most exquisitely discussed by the bishops' council, 
 who were so much an over-match for the king's, that 
 at court it was most heartily wished this business had 
 never been pushed to such a crisis. Westminster- hall, 
 the Palace-yards, and all the streets about, were 
 thronged with an infinite people, whose loud shouts 
 and joyful acclamations, upon hearing the bishops were 
 acquitted, were a very rebellion in noise, though very 
 far from so either in fact or intention. Bonfires were 
 made, not only in the city of London, but in most 
 towns in England, as soon as the news reached them ; 
 though there were strict an<l general orders given out 
 to prevent all such doings ; and the clergy preached 
 more loudly, and more freely than ever against the 
 errors of the Latin church. Tlie next day I waited on 
 the king to the camp on Hounslow-heath, where every 
 bodv observed him to labour under a very great dis- 
 turbance of mind; but he spoke very kindly to me as 
 I rode by him, on several occasions. 
 
 On the 1 2th of July, I was present as a justice, at 
 the general sessions held for the Liberty of Westmin- 
 ster ; and some days afterwards, at the same held for 
 the county of Middlesex, at Hicks's-hall, where 1 
 found such a strange revolution among the justices of
 
 .i!{ .i;)ii\ i{i:i;i,-!;v. 
 
 .')!') 
 
 tiit^ ])(.';irt', SI) many papi^t-^ and tanatic- put i::t.) llio 
 >'i )iiiiii!>^ti)ii, that 1 lU'itluT si)ii^-!ii !)ii-n'>^^ nor clio-c 
 to mi\ \Mlli llicin. At till- la^L placi- llua\' \\<.t<- >^ yr- 
 ral iuilii-tfd .;- rint-T>, tor that tlu'\ liad h.-i-ii C!i:ir -lud 
 ill inakmi: (it hoiit.ri's, or contfihLitr"! thc'ri'to ; h.;t thi- 
 L^rand iur\ would hiid no hill, ihor.-h llu'v \\\:e st'iil 
 out no u'--> I hail three tiinr> ; >t) l:;(.mu imIK did tiie lovr ot 
 till- hi^liop> ami the [)rotA'Stant cauic ])i'fvail. And now 
 nn I A)rd 1 lallitaK ad\ist'd nic to ci>ii>idei' with !n\stdt. 
 w iu-lhiT as atl'aw^ stoo<l, it were prucK-'nl to continue 
 ill ni\ riiiplovnuMit- : I answered, I had great ohliga- 
 tioii-> to the k.i^^, ami would -^erve hiiii as \m'!1 as I 
 couKl, whil-^t he would allow nie that honour, without 
 roiu"erninLr hiiiiselt with m\ religion. 
 
 On the KUh, Lord Suuderland, who had heen h'ng 
 su'-peeted for a papist, openly tieelared hinisell o( that 
 etaiuiiunion, with the usual (Ha'einoiiies, in the king's 
 eiiaj t 1 ; and ten or ele\en d.i\ > atterw ard^, the king 
 went down to the riiaine^'s mouth. a> jtretended, only 
 to take a view ot' tiie lleet ; hut the real cause was to 
 apjiea^e the seamen, who were reach, to mutiiiv, on 
 account of some ot ttuar captain^., who had puhiicly 
 ci'iehrated mas> in their >hip>. 'I'he king llattered them 
 all he could; waait h'om >hip to ship; called them \\]> 
 hildreii ; >ai(l he hail lu^hmg to do wit h tiieir religion, 
 and t hat he gi'antetl liherty o! conscience t^all; hut 
 that he e\])ected tiie\ would beha\"e liki: nun u( ho- 
 noLU' and eajiiraLic \shen thne should he (^ccaMon fur 
 their service ; though lliey were so far gratilied, that all 
 the j)riest> wca'e ordei'ial on >hi 're. Admiral 1 lerherl, an 
 ahle seaman, whom the king had discariled from ,>e\e'r.;i 
 great po^ls, hecau m lie w ould not j)romise to Vdie \o': the 
 
 peal; w cut pi i\ ale's away 
 
 to 1 h)r.and. w ii vc 'le w.i-
 
 350 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 made rear-admiral ; which raised anger in the king, 
 and the rather, as a great many seamen went after him. 
 
 Some time afterwards in August, the Duke of Nor- 
 folk came to visit me in London ; with whom dis- 
 coursing upon the present situation of the kingdom, I 
 found him a very firm and steady protestant, to which 
 he had been converted in the late reign ; and by no 
 means satisfied W'ith the court. Some days afterwards, 
 carrying my wife and daughter to Windsor, to wait on 
 the queen, I perceived the court to be under some con- 
 sternation, and the king in an ill humour, though he 
 was of an equanimity which made it difficult to disco- 
 ver, at the news that the Dutch had fitted out a large 
 fleet as designed against us ; and that the French and 
 Dutch were on the brink of a rupture, and would each 
 of them press us soon to know which side we would 
 take. This, considering tlie jealousies we were under 
 on account of religion,, the violent discontents about 
 the army, and the ill time of the d<iy it was to call a par- 
 liament for fresh supplies of money, did very justly and 
 reasonably disquiet the court. And now the first thing 
 the king did, was to declare on the '24th of August, he 
 would call a parliament, to meet the 27th of Novem- 
 ber following ; protesting in council, that he was moved 
 tiiercto more for the good and satisfaction of the na- 
 tion, than for any apprehension he was under of the 
 Dutch armament. However, he commanded all officers 
 in general to their posts, and drew the forces out of 
 other garrisons and places to man the sea-ports. 
 
 Designing for York, I took leave of his majesty on 
 the 28th, but with terrible apprehensions that he would 
 put tiie same question to me he had to others, con- 
 cerning the repeal ; but he said nothing at all of it, only
 
 >IH .lOMN lU'llJI.SdN-. 
 
 t*ni(.)iiu'(l me to slaud :i catuinlale tar tlu- next p.ir- 
 .ianicnt at York, which I uouM Lcladly ha\e !).-LiifX- 
 <u-<etl, hut it could not he; auil so he \\i-;uii me a 
 'j-ood iouniev. Ju-^t at lhi> time I had iieus, l!ial the 
 (jiicstion had hi'i-u pat, tlie wci-k hL-lore, to a;! i.ii 
 justices of the W est-Ki(h^L^ and that lliev h;.d ad 
 answered ui the ueLfative ; so tliat I could not huL ttiuik 
 I had C' lucky e-^capc. 
 
 I sent 4iotiee to the nunor and ollicrs of York, that 
 I intencK'd to stand lor une o( their representatives, at 
 thr en>un)u; elet'tion ; and tound the niagi-tiac\ would 
 he lor the ino-t part agaiii-^t luc, though I had good 
 encouragenienl troni the other citizens. '1 he truth i<, 
 I \va^ at some 1(;>^ tuknou hov; toactin this matter ; I 
 was not desirous to he of this parliament, not only 
 heeau^i- I ua- p;r()\\n mhrm and alnio>t unlit to attend 
 liic dwiv ot tlu' hfj'.i^e , hut al>o hiciuse I was afraid 
 ihe kniLif wnui 1 r\j>c("t lunri- troui nif than m^ con- 
 -eicnce uduM extend to: lor ;;> I w;i^ (li'termined not 
 to \iolatf t!i:> on the uu^ '!.*, . >o I e^ uld hardiv resolve 
 l'()lli'nd -o'j'oo! ;i m..-l'-r tci the oii.er. In thesi; 
 vt!Mit-, I Went to ;hei^^ j,-.it \\'i',d>Of. AwA ^licwcA him 
 Lhe K'tlrr-. I iiad ~ia,l to ^ork, an.l I'ic an-Aer> I had 
 reeenrd thi-r 'o; (!c-;rniLi In- nn]e-!.>. to iiiduli;\' me 
 with replies to three ijueiac^ 1 liad [o make: 1. Wdie- 
 ther, <ec'mi,M,he conle-r v'.a.-- ;.k'- to he hotli (diai'p ahle 
 and ditli'/u'^ :ui 1 ih.' ->!;> ;\-- extcemclv douhtful, it 
 was hi- ph'a-u:'., 1 >Mou!d taud : i le i cplied ])0>itive I\', 
 I >liould. '.;. \\ ia th; ., a- the c pjM-iiKrn was very 
 ^tronsi a<_''au!-t me. h ; would ;mi;ute it to mv remiss- 
 ness 11 1 mi caiJi: d - 1 le promi-ed he \souid not. 
 .. Whrthti' he' woiiiv! a>>:>tinea!l he could lo jux'vent 
 m\ !)em,: liaitled, ;;'.: ! j;articulai!\ !'\' -^rr- !; n.evUis as I
 
 352 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 should propose to him ? His answer was, Yes ; and 
 he gave immediate orders to the lords for purging of 
 corporations, to make whatever change or alteration I 
 desired in the city of York, and to put in or out ; which 
 the king it seems had reserved to himself hy the last 
 charter, just as I pleased. But I was careful of what 
 I did in this regard : I considered that if I put out none, 
 it would look as if I had no power, and debase me into 
 contempt; and that if I displaced too many, it might 
 exasperate the city against me, make them believe I 
 was too deep in the court-interest, and prevent my 
 success on the other hand: I therefore only desired 
 that the lord-mayor might be dismissed his office, and 
 
 Sir Thompson appointed in his stead, which 
 
 would prevent his being a member of parliament ; and 
 that too, Mr. Edward Tomson and Mr. Ramsden, who 
 were my principal friends in the former election of me 
 for York, and were afterwards turned out partly on my 
 account, might be restored as aldermen. Then taking 
 leave of the king, and having presented him with some 
 Roman medals, which he took very kindly, he again 
 charged me to do what I could to be chosen. 
 
 I afterwards desired Mr. Brent, the agent for cor- 
 poration-matters, that if he had the power, I might, 
 with some others I should name, be added to the 
 bench of justices in that city, by a writ of assistance ; 
 which he promised me should be done. To leave this 
 affair for the present ; there had at this time been 
 fiCly Irishmen and papists sent for from Ireland, by 
 the Duke of Berwick, in order to be incorporated into 
 his regiment. Every captain was to have some ; but 
 Lieutenant-colonel Beaumont, and five captains more^ 
 who were all that were then on the spot, u\ quarters
 
 , ' I'l '!t-:n<>Lit!i, ixtu-rd to takf a iiKiii of tlicrii ; s.-mnrr 
 ' 1 ;; ( .inpaiiirs were ci )ti)(>Kic, aii'l that tin v were 
 :.>! It) part uitli mxM.l soldu-r^ and laitxli-^lniiiri, to 
 iiiaki room tor >ucli as wvic interior to tlicin and to- 
 r^-lL^UT^; (K'^irniLi; l!ir\ inidil (dioo-'C tin-ir own nuai, 
 or throw i!]) thrw coinmi'^-ions. The Dnkc ol J>cr- 
 wick took LTreat otience' at thi>, and -endinLT ^'" "- 
 f'Uint lit It t ) the kiiii:, he (h^patcdied tweiitv hor-e to 
 hnnLf thiii) iij) m cn-^todv to \\'ind>()r-i"a--tli', where 
 thev \\ri-e to he tried hv a eouiietl ot war; ;ind tliey 
 Wen- h;<.uLriit uj) aeeoi(!inL;!\ . I ^j'l'ke to them ]i\<l 
 a>. thev arrived, and tonnd the\' were aJI re>o!\rd to 
 '-tand iL ont ; hut t!icv told nie the (hike had not 
 ('tiered a man ot the Iri>h to an\ companv, then in 
 h;s L;'raee""> reLrimeiit, wliieh was ver\- kind ot him oil 
 hi-- ['.:rt. :nid a niira.;;;!; )us e^eape on mine. 
 
 M; ana h;'c, ''\r I'rmc,' ol Oran^'e and ihic I)nt(di 
 .enh :>>ad ); had laIeK _l:'I'..!i the kmj,' a--nranee^ tliat 
 tiN ; prci'arat.i 'i> u i I'e not a^Min-^t n-; hut hi>ma- 
 |:--; . , a^ ;l ia- in a !e a d'>wh; ot it, ordered L:;rcat tiiin:r=; 
 I'e.\,i;d.- a I! et Iiu' ti.e sj.rm^-; and 1 wa-> [)M-,itiM-i\ t,/ld 
 ])\ n<:r. tiiat he had a(tnally tArnt\-ii.e Inmir-d 
 llion.^and |io;;iid> iii \\\> eoih rs. 
 
 On tile 1 ( i:!i o! .Sc[)temh.'T, a eouneii ol wa.r -at njioii 
 CJcd.Mie! Beaumont aaid the !i\e eaptains, and the\- wre 
 all ea-iiaa-e(h ihorerli \\ith reluelanee on the jeirt ei 
 liie k;n :. who ^e(Mn(.d to (h\aid ti:e e. ii-C' ,iiei lee^ tit 
 
 I: the\ \>. ere oltiaa d |. )r!j;;v(aie-> i( the', woalihat ae- 
 . r\A ot the iiu 11, hat the\ .til retUH'd il ; w!.:eh eai.nd 
 a Lrre:it and e"'''!!. ral di-eonteait ihriuujIe'Ut t!ie aiin\. 
 
 aid jiai tieu!ail\' m thai laaiiiuait ; nii'-t ol which -o ai 
 .ill'a- (jaitted. 'J lie s.iin ' d i\ Sir \\ a'.'ta' \ .i\,e,a-. .md 
 
 .M; ^^ddi^.'e '!), einie e, ) to in. ike r-'; '. { < the i.mj'.
 
 'Jbi MEMOIRS OF 
 
 of the answers they had received from the West-Riding 
 and the corporations, to the queries they had put to 
 them ; in which I found the lord- mayor and aldermen 
 of York were so faulty, tliat they would out of course, 
 and that I needed not give myself the trouble of getting 
 them removed, and more remarkably my greatest op- 
 posers; so I left them to their stars, and only insisted 
 on the commission of assistance for myself and friends 
 I should name ; but every post brought me new fears 
 I should not be chosen at York, though several altera- 
 tions and restrictions from popular elections to a 
 mayor and twelve aldermen, whom the king appointed 
 as he pleased, were now made by new charters, for the 
 more certain election of such members as niiglit be to 
 the king's good liking. And now Lord Hallifax, when 
 I took leave of him, which was on the l6th of Sep- 
 tember, advised me not to be too much in earnest with 
 my election ; at least not to make too free a use of 
 the court-assistance, for many reasons he then offered 
 to my consideration. 
 
 A few days afterwards I set out for Yorkshire ; and 
 being at my seat in the country, I received advice 
 that my interest at York was much lessened by my 
 absence ; and what was still v^'orse, that Lord Mont- 
 gomery's company being ordered to march from that 
 city, his lordshi}; would, if I did not come speedily, be 
 obliged to deliver up the keys into the hands of the 
 iord-!]iayor ; I therefore immediately posted away and 
 received the keys, and the company marched. I re- 
 presented it to the king as a great inconvenience, that 
 tliere should not be so much as one company in gar- 
 iv>oii ;it York ; and desired to know what I was to do 
 viih the keys ? To the first of which his majesty an-
 
 iR .lofiN Ki:ui:sij\ 
 
 '..ri;(!, i!i;it u[)0!i more mature clclihcralion he had re- 
 (,i!I((l till' company ; and tliat as to tlx- second, I 
 nmrht dispose ol the kc'\>as I saw jx-opcr. 
 
 I dcswcd the lord-mavor to call a hall, tor ihat I had 
 somclhinLT to say to them. A hall was called on th;' 
 ]>t ol Oitohcr ; jjiit his lordship, the LTcatc-t cm-my 
 to m\ election, not havini^ [latience to stay till I came, 
 (li->in;->c 1 it almo.-t as >oon as as^emhled, ft^nin'j; I 
 should make some proselytes to my mterot. .hist on 
 the h.i k ol ihis comu's down a proclamation, setting 
 Inlh a ci rtam intention the I'rmce o( ()rang(; had to 
 m\ade this kin*,- iom, h\ the assi.stance and with the 
 concurrence of the Statt's(renera1, hoth with aslron;^ 
 lUet and a numerous army ; eommandini; all loT'l-lieu- 
 tenanls, tleputv-lieutenants. and all other his majesty's 
 nfllcers, to hold themselves in readiness to defend the 
 kiuL: and kiii^"doiii. At this tiim' Lord Idiomas I low- 
 ;i!'l u is lieuteu '.III ^il the W est - KiduiLT, a rii2,ad papist, 
 and lu'U u'*'"*' i^nhas-iador t>) liome. lie had left hut 
 three d piifi''^ hcicnd him, t^vo ot uhou) aN'' were 
 [^',:isi->, ;ind hut twt) <l the tiiia-e were now in the 
 countrv : wliile mi>-t of the irentr^ of ^'orkshire wert; 
 ' '>'iK t<; the cii\-, expectme; to meet with writs tor tlu.- 
 choice ol iiKauhers. I theretore pressed the hi:;h- 
 .dieriif lo aavi' notice to .some j,a'ntlemen, wliili' I con- 
 viaied others, for the ne\t da . ; when Sir I feni-y (ioode- 
 rick hcLfiii a d:sC(,ur<e, which I sec'iMided., to slii.'w how 
 little we Wi-rc ahle to ^er\e tiie kin_i^ with the n)iliii a, 
 vutiiout aimlher loi-j- lieutenant, under whom w ' 
 msLrht l.twlully mt.c, meanuiL; a protestant ; a.nd a*" 
 tiie same tune we -uhscriljcd a repre-cnt itr 'U d our 
 '-e to h:s Tiiaicsf . I u.:^ well a,\a!-;- !io\\ \ ^ ;a uu-
 
 356 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 grateful this would be to him ; but to obviate his dis- 
 pleasure, I gave him private intelligence of the inten- 
 tion to prepare it, and begged of him to excuse the 
 concern I had therein, assuring him it was now abso- 
 lutely for his service. 
 
 In the midst of this, on the 4th of October, comes 
 down a special messenger to purge the corporation, to 
 put out the former lord- mayor and aldermen, and to 
 appoint others, almost all papists; but the commission 
 was so defective, and there were such mistakes in the 
 execution of it, as frustrated the design. The next 
 day I prevailed with the lord-mayor to call a hall; 
 upon which occasion I spoke to them a full half- hour, 
 and so convinced tliem of the evil arts which had been 
 put in practice against me, and the great injustice 
 done me, that they all seemed to be converts in my 
 favour ; and to add to what I had said, 1 gave them 
 up the kevs, but made tliem own it as a courtesy, and 
 promise to restore them to me again, whenever I de- 
 sired it, for his majesty's service. And now Lord 
 Fairfax, a Romnn-catholic, and lord-lieutenjint of the 
 North -Riding, being at York, observed to me, it 
 could be for no good end that the Lords Devonshire 
 and Danby were come down to the country ; though 
 the former pretended he was only come to view his 
 estate, and the latter to drink the waters at Knais- 
 bourgh. They were both of them frequently engaged 
 in conversation at Sir Menry Goodenck's, and the first 
 o{ them came to York, where I paid all imaginable 
 civilities to him, and received the same from him ; the 
 other I waited on at Sir Henry's, not on(-e suspecting 
 hat men uf their high quality and great estate could
 
 iiiliMid aiiv tliiiiL; prrjiulifial 'n tiu- l o\ iTniiieiit or 
 (laii^a't'ous to liictD^cKo^ ; and iikUciI \\a\v oulvvanl 
 lu-havioiir v.as vt\ (U'cxait and iimocciit. 
 
 'J\v() da\^ al'uT\var(U I had an oxpri'^-; from Lord 
 l^\'>ton, tlu' nrw >C'cc('tar\ ot state; Snii Ireland, wlio 
 was tniair 1 papi-^t, and li;id \)cvi\ \\:r 'M\i\]nv ol LTrea' 
 !iii->rlnrl >infc In- liad \)cv\] near the kuiir, hrmj^ hiid 
 a>ide ; to acquaint inr lliat Ins niajcsty had L'ivcn a 
 V(Tv kind !( i-c])ti'n t<. our rrjin'x'ntation (n the |)arL 
 of t!icco!nit\, and that iti (> 'in'^hance therewith he 
 ha.d nanii-d th'' Dnke nt Neuea-t!e to he lerddien- 
 ieiiant "In'l V< irkslm-e ; and h;> L:race ciMnui.Mo town 
 >(jon rater, apMonned hi- depnt.es ;ind inilitia-ofiieiTN, 
 hoth lior^e and toot. The kniLT he^:_ran now, thouL:;h 
 I'afallv to ) la.te, to l)e sen^ihie cd his ca'ror \i\ caiaAuiL; 
 ma.tters to >o enornions a length at the instillation oi 
 [;ojM-!i e inne.'> , and now re~-tored ^e\'(aMl iii>tii\'s ol 
 tile ;'e:a I :n ino-t eoiaaiis, a.-< aNo the old eharteiN 
 ail laiuaand </\ar; he new (jnit^ h> hold ot the Ui-hoj) 
 of London, does )ii-;ae to M:';;(la!(ai-ei ille;j;e, and he- 
 L;in> aLi'iin to conrt the tdir.n li ot lin^-lant!. 
 
 Ailiid-l 1 !i:-> iieneinl r!onn,on tlie In'diot Octoher 
 (vMiie-^ new- ih.'.t tli^- I'rinee ot Oi-an^-e nicaaM-ed d.iiK, 
 and that \\\^ li<'( t ua> n ad', to spread canva<> lor ilie 
 >ea. Idwet; (ia.s atterv^ai'ds I liad oider< li'oni tin. 
 kill:;' to refei\'e >even hundred Seoteli hor-^e and dra- 
 C;oon-, on thi\r march Ir 'Ui tlic norrhern kn)e;doni; 
 and ]\\ {\vn (La\s the)' arri\e(h I wa-^ in ^i"eat lioj)es 
 t he\ would have taktai uj) their ijuarter- ni \ or k, lor the 
 M'enrit)- ol h(Mh the cit\ and counli". ; hut the daii_( i' 
 h inil\- approach inu", the ajiprehen^K ms ol the i'rmco 
 ot ( )iaii.';e"s descent Lii'o\sui^^^ >troneer and -troneer, 
 aid t!ie kiiiu; hciiii;- willinj; to ha\e lii> annv in a-
 
 S5S MEMOIRS OF 
 
 numerous a plight as might be, they were ordered to 
 continue iheir march southward, after tb.ey had been 
 with us but three days. The Duke of Newcastle, who 
 kept nothing a secret from me, told me he had heard 
 Lord D.mby had a grc;at sum of money in the bank of 
 Holland, and that he had been invited up to Lonuon 
 by my Lord Bellassis and the king's order; that he 
 had made some ofTers of his service, but that lie had 
 no manner of intention to go up; which last I very 
 well knew from other hands. 
 
 On the ]5th of October, upon some discourse with 
 the Earl of Danby, at the dean's house, his lordship 
 broke out into these expressions : " We are now 
 
 every way in an ill condition in this kingdom. 
 
 If the king beats the Prince of Orange, popery will 
 
 return upon us with more violence than ever.- If 
 
 the prince beats the king, the crown and the nation 
 may be in no small danger." The late lord-mayor be- 
 ing now superseded, ihough it was impossible to swear 
 the new one in, because of son^e mistakes with regard 
 to the new charter, it may be said that York was now 
 a very remarkable place; for it was an archbishopric 
 without a bishop, a city without a mayor, and a gar- 
 rison without a soldic. But these defects were soon 
 supplied ; the old charter was restored and the eld lord- 
 mayor therewith; the Bishop of Exeter, who fled from 
 that city upon the Prince of Orange's landing, was 
 made Archbishop of York; and I had one company of 
 foot sent to continue with me. 
 
 Strange it was, and a certain presage of the mischiefs 
 which attended this invasion, tiiat neitlier the gentry 
 nor the commonalty were under any concern about it : 
 said they, " the prince comes only to maintain the
 
 SIR .lOHN Ri:in>nv. 
 
 >y) 
 
 prolt-iaMt ri'liijioii : lie will (K) no iiaiin t'> l-Aiii- 
 
 !.m(!.'" \V[iile, on tik- ollur l.an-l, it \v.i> I'vorA court 
 ^i_L:-gfSt(.'(i that his aim was at the iTcnvn, ainl i:i il ihc 
 D.itfh, who a^,!^tc(.l him, LTra^pccl at the trade ut Taij;- 
 laiul. Jn truth, hi> hiL:hne>s'-^ declaration, when it 
 made it-> appearance, (which was a little while hef )re 
 iie landetl). seemed to he dark and ainhi^-iioas ono'.r^h ; 
 -ettiiij- iorth all the gnevant-CN ot the nation with i^reat 
 ;-; j:i:r,ivalion, and a^^trtinL:-, '' that tiie kinir's intention 
 w'a> to >i:n',ei't the l:'>\ e'-iciieiit hwli m ciunc'n a.nl 
 -Lite; thii hede-;L,"M'd to in. ike h'.m^ed ah->'i|:ite, and 
 ) extii'pate the pro!i -Lint reii^a >n ; t!i;:l to tin- \y\y- 
 j)o>e lie had in-i'-ted on ,a d;-;)La;-Mi_: pow,:"; tji.it he 
 had niouldefl and !a^hi oned all llie c!iarter-> [ ' h;- 
 mind, Lv) tile end he im^-'it have snch nK"nher> cl p u'- 
 e.ameai! a-^ he desired; th:!t he had e\a:iimed and pre- 
 v'ii.^,ij-id ^u-'!i :i> he intended --iion'd he ot the hon-t' 
 > ii (i.'imi ai> ; -Mil that, v'vhat \\a^ wor-e he iiad im- 
 p i-e 1 a >upp )-ilio.:^ Pnnee >>i \\ ales [\'.)n\\ i\\c nation, 
 merelv ti>j)r)m.)te p.[;er\-, and to dele. it the Priiico 
 :nd I'mi;'"-- il ()i-anj-e(j| their rii^dit mI siici\-.-i> ,n." 
 
 I'lie k:ii^', !i!ider-t iiidin^^ there was a Liia'at n^'i-t! 
 a -/I ah Mil i!ii-> Prince of W'ale"^, iiad, a lit tie luf ire 
 ' li.' in\ a^ii Ml, c.IKhI an e\t!'acrdinar\ coLnr'il, whither 
 m1 flic no!)ilit\, hi^hop-;, a.nd torei^ii imni.^te!"^ \\e;e 
 -nm'iioned, hetorcwIuMn the ijneen -do.\aL'<'r, ^evr-al 
 lorils amd ladie,^, and the kni^'- and ipieia;"- >t rvanl-j, to 
 the nmnher ot fort\, a-- weil prototint- a> p-ip-t--, 
 j:a\'c pi'ei^nant ewdetiee concernmL:,- ih(.' hirth ot this 
 prmee ; all which, wa> !'e-e\aainned :i chine, !, Mjon 
 oatii, and tlieia.' recorded.. 
 
 ( )n the 'iMth ot' Octohei- a rej)orL a.'-riwl 'iMt the 
 Ji)atch Heel havl heen ini>erah') shaiteied h\ Le!npe>t;
 
 '360 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 that Lord Sunderland was certainly out, and Lord 
 Preston, secretary of state in his stead. The king- 
 meanwhile made great preparations for war^ and had 
 swelled up his army, as vvascomjmted, to six thousand 
 horse and dragoons, and thirty-eight thousand foot: 
 the fleet also was out, under the command of Lord 
 Dartmouth, but much inferior to the Dutch, and did 
 nothing to the purpose. I'hree days afterwards the 
 Prince of Orange's declaration, conveyed by an un- 
 known hand to a citizen of ours, was brought to me; 
 and I immediately transmitted it to the secretary of 
 state. Orders were at tire same time sent down to us to 
 secure the Lord Lumley, then in the North-Riding; but 
 the gentleman, Colonel John Darcy, who was charged 
 with this comn)ission, pretended he could not find 
 him ; though it afterwards appeared his lordship was 
 not far oil, and migh.t have been seized at pleasure. 
 Tlic next day I had an express from the secretary at 
 war, signifying tliat the Dutch fleet had been seen ofF 
 Dover, steering their course to the westward : which 
 gave us some hoj)es there was no danger of their land- 
 ing in the North. In three days more I received by 
 another express, that the prince was actually arrived at 
 Torbay, in the West, (onthie 3th of this month, No- 
 vember), and that he had mnnhed straight to Exeter, 
 altA:nded by Marshal Schomberg, an o!ci and expe- 
 rienced oflicer, together with a number of our own 
 nobility and gentry of considerable name, and a great 
 land-army. 
 
 I immediately sent the Duke of Newcastle word of 
 this invasion, though he liad notice of it from above; 
 but he wrote back, that tlie prince being landed at such 
 .1 distance, his prcsen(;e would be no way necessary at
 
 ^lu JOHN i}!;iii:^i;\ . .s-.i 
 
 "\'.ik. I thought this a vcrv \w.\k an-wr:-, ;iiul '^ciit 
 hnii \stirtl that [\\c d iiiltit \\.is not oiiU Iricii the ui- 
 \aiitr>, liiit aUo troiii thrir ci int^ilcralcs al hn-iic; 
 and that it wa^ inipo-^Ni'Dli' t!ir ['riiua' shouil (Liir lo 
 :'.ttack I'aiLrl-Mid with an arin\ o! iiii'Kt ^' )ai )i t men, 
 i! hi- \\a-> iidt \(rv ^uta- ot a>.~:>taii(\' lr(i;ii (.iir- 
 si-!v(S. 1 he (It jnit\ -licati iiant<, hcm^- tin iii irain- 
 !ht, wiTc new a!! at "\()rk, and htiiiL: vct\' i)hcitou-> t< 
 [ai'-^crM' [)(.'aci', tjuie't, and 'j^nn,] ord^-r, propo-^rd a 
 nicrtniL:- ot the Li'cntrv and (re; h' >ldfr> ot t lio ((Uintv, 
 t I hi- held I'M Thiw-dav tin.- I();;i m-tant, ni ordi-r to 
 ilr.iu iij) siinic drchirat ion ol nndia'ki ii l.i\ah\' to thr 
 Ia'A'j: in thi-> tiini- ol (hnin;i i- ; as a!-') to C' ai adl on -uch 
 niattcr> as niiLchl he tm" iho liononr ot (hid, and oar 
 <.)\\ n ua-hata' and satity. dins hcinu' a n lot ion maio hy 
 Sir I haiiA ( joiidcru']., I sccondi-d it ; and ol)-^frvi;d t hat 
 an adah\->- o! suoh a tenia' niiLiiit l^mw ^uinr -at i-ia.ction 
 111 tile uownnncnt, and !)( a (ii-i-i lura^Tna iiL to its 
 i-neina->. Acoi i: dan jK a -innnion-- ua> ih-'awn np, to 
 hu' di-pri -I'd all till- ciamti'v o'.or, and m llic mean 
 innc I ui'oto nj) t'> Loral I'lT-ton, tin- >';( !ar-> oi -.tato* 
 to acijuaint hini u;th thi-^ siraiai:_-:v niU-nd<-d hual 
 a ;dre-s ifian tlic L,ant leniiii m oar ])art-. and x-nt a 
 Je-ltt-r totia- l)nk"ot Nowra^lli', (K-->aan::- iiun to rnalM- 
 one ot 1 ac conipan-, . 
 
 ()n tla- 1 )th ol \oM'!nht-r, iu-ina ai dmn- !' \-.itii 
 laad l,ai-|a-\, Sii" 1 Irin'y ( h;i ujera-r.. and 'lUwv-, at a 
 Lfi ntionians whu had invited ns, tlie '.ei'k o; tii,- pea-'o 
 
 (it the \\'(--l- Kld'lia Coni' ^ in. t-) Ll'.e !l-> n itiec ;it' a 
 
 new eo;niiii^>ion, in whnai -onie tl'irt\ ot the pi'iie ,pal 
 _ent! -nieii ot the- nei::hhonrho(),l were'etl o;it ; and 
 :':non_- tiie re>t , Sa" 1 h-iiiv hmiMd. l'ln-> tiea'A ham 
 : .to HU h a raj;!.-, tlial he vwed iie \va> -orv\ he- had
 
 362 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 promoted the meeting he had for the service of the 
 king ; but I heard that at this intended assembly there 
 were to have been some points discussedj which would 
 not have been of so gratefnl a nature to the court : for 
 it was at the same time the design to have petitioned 
 for a speedy and a free parliamentj and for other 
 concessions which were to have been demanded and 
 insisted upon. But all this was all along denied to 
 me, and particularly by Sir Henry Gooderick ; who 
 being an open man, I confess I added faith to his 
 words : but friendship is too often a blind to the eyes. 
 
 On the 19th the Duke of Newcastle himself came 
 to York, and said he heard there was a design to peti- 
 tion for a free parliament, and that he thought it not 
 fit there should be so much of the militia together, i 
 sat that night with his grace till it was twelve of the 
 clock; and we came to a resolution, that if the peti- 
 tion or intended address was not conceived in terms of 
 the strictest loyalty, we would not set our hands to it. 
 The next day his grace called together his deputy- 
 lieutenants, and asked them, if there was any thing 
 meant by their assen)bly on Thursday, more than to 
 make a declaration of loyalty to his majesty ? Where- 
 upon Sir Henry Gooderick, who was one of them, de- 
 clared plainly, that he intended to petition for a free 
 parliament, and hoped that the rest, wha should meet, 
 would concur therein, after the example of a late pe- 
 tition from some bishops and some temporal lords. The 
 duke took this somuch amiss, that he declared he would 
 not stay to be affronted or overruled by his deputies ; and 
 that he would be gone the next day. 1 made opposition 
 to this; observing that no absolute resolution could be 
 taken till the gentlemen ai)[)eared; and that if aught else
 
 >\\i .101 1\ Ri;i{i:<i;v. .'.'ji 
 
 ! i>i(ic'< ;i iiitTL' (K'c-hiraliMii ol loyalty ucn' th(ui{;ht iie- 
 (\--irv, It miglit l)c >o j)inK('(.l. ami v\ith ibal ui' ) Icsty 
 a- hv)'') to >ati>tv luTc, aiul not di-picasc at)')W; ]\\ 
 >!i()rt, that lii^ o-[M(.\; t)iiL:ht, at ail cvciit-^, to be on tlio 
 s:>o; ill a t',n:e o\ >a<-h urcat trouble and ilili'a-iilty. HiiL 
 111- wr'.it a\v,:\ ai- 'idiiij; to lii< word, >a\inLr iiobiKl)' 
 bad b v'r .)!" \,\< -idc !:at m\ -c\l. 
 
 ().: [\\c ll.l caiiii tbe (\a\' nt inc'ctbiL'" : a fata! o\iv I 
 tliiiik. I v\();;llii:.: ^jo lo ll]cm at the cotinnoii-ball, 
 wb'-'ii was tbr j/b'.'L' api'oiiitcd , nor I'.idcrd wa> I .i-ry 
 \\cii ab!r, I,'. r^M .);i o\ M)!!i^' lir'ai^c- I bad. nceu'.'d b\ 
 in\ b ' -> !..'.!:;:_ {i\)i>\\ iiic : but I beard tli t ir. tlie 
 inid.^t of a!)'>!it a luui '.red L^cn'lea.en ubo u]rt , S\i 
 Ileiir'. '.: ideru^k deli\ ered biiiiseb' Lo t!ii>, el'ieef : '"tbat 
 ibere I'ar.aD'r been ?j:;reat eiidea\-our> iii;ivle b\ llu- j^')- 
 ve'-i;!ii'iit I if b.ft; \t-ar:, t') briu^' popery into tbe niiil'- 
 d(;";, and !\ nian\ d'". aes to set at nau^'bttbe l.iw^ ol" 
 tiiC land, tbn re coul 1 b.' no [jrc;pi-r w \:\ >^ e! tin.' many 
 :j:rH-vanre-> \'. e !.J)' v.r^d nn^n. . but b\ .1 ; ; ee ji i'Miainent ; 
 t bat h'lvv \'.\.-> t '." oniv tma [.> jir'. d t- a er; t' a; of tbe 
 sfirl . :.nd "diat t'i. \ > add ni;t ni..;ate a b,i tier ottteiai 
 
 taan 
 
 II -M t before i M'an le. -i ^ ,r 
 
 .^ so'.rit na' 
 
 .i]\\ teanpor.ii. 1 nere wc la. tb >^e \\ln' ( it la-d watb 
 ben Ml oj)inaai. and would bave b I some exure-^-^ions 
 in ibi paper model ate d and amended , .aud ob-^erxe'd, 
 tbat a,; tbe -.urif time t lu\ pet itioneil ;i> t be\ di^^i^aied, 
 it U(juld be 'nut t luar d.it\ to a--ure bi< n) ij', '-t'. . tlu'V 
 Would ^tand lean by liim n tbe inid-^t of 1 1 ,e dan^aa--^ 
 wbieb tbreat^aa d botb bun antl bi-> kinLrdoni^, .it toe 
 laa/a.rd ol ibew b\a'-> and Jortunes ; but tbi^ vsa^ u\cV' 
 ridv'd. \\ btai iberi-tori' tbe diam^bt wa-^ eomp'eted 
 a.e<ardui.^ lo tbe inmd cj[ Su" Ileiiiv (joo,!eri> '% .ind bi> 
 f!;0!aU. ttijueb >eve!,d tlibldNed it and went .iw.e. , tln-v
 
 361 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 proceeded to sign; but before a third man could sub- 
 scribe it, in comes one Mr. Tankard, with a rueful 
 story that the papists were risen ; and that they had 
 actually fired upon the militia-troops. Alarmed at this, 
 the gentlemen ran out ; and those that were privy to 
 the design betook them to their horses, which were 
 conveniently at hand for their purpose. Lord Danby, 
 meanwhile m his lodging, waited for the false alarm, 
 and mounted, with his son, Lord Lumley, Lord Hor- 
 ton, Lord Willoughby, and others, who, together with 
 their servants, formed a body of horse, consisting of a 
 hundred in number, well mounted, and well accoutred. 
 These rode up to the four militia-troops, drawn out on 
 another account, and cried out, a free parliament ; the 
 Protestant religion ^ and no poperij ! The captains of 
 these troops were Lord Fairfax, Sir Thomas Gower, 
 Mr. Robinson, and Captain Tankard ; ivho being ad- 
 mitted of the secret the night before, though prompt 
 and ready enough in their nature for any action of the 
 kind, immediately cried out the same, and led their 
 troops over to them. In the first place they went to 
 the main guard of the standing company, which (the 
 number not exceeding Twenty) they surprized, before 
 I had the least notice or even jealousy of what was 
 in ngitntion ; not thinking it possible that men of such 
 quality, such estates, could give way to their discon- 
 tent, however great and just it might be, to the degree 
 of engaging themselves in an attempt so desperate, and 
 ;so contrary to the laws tliey boasted, and the religion 
 they piofu-s>ed. But I had no sooner notice of what 
 h:i(l been transacted, than T sent for the officers and 
 tlu? guard, and understood they were prisoners, I then 
 sont to eaei) captain of the four tn>ops, enjoining him
 
 >\li .roilN IM'lilMn 
 
 .A) ) 
 
 to hriii^ Ilis troc)[) to inc as tlu; kiiiL^'s sj()\ crunr, a^ aNo 
 fo lire main LTuaril ol" llic militia f(;i)l: Init t!ir\ w ,ul(l 
 iiol >tir a step: llu'v would liearkeii t;) lU) ()r(Kr->. I 
 llifu M'lit lur my own liorso, and \sas \\i->[ n-a K to l:' 
 to tlu; trtH)[)S, m hopes, 1)\ my |)re>(Mi( c, to re^'ain llirtii 
 to the kiiiii'-^ ^erMc-e; when Sir Ilenr. iM-lla-si^j \\\\i) 
 had commanded a re;,''iment in Holland, under tlu; 
 prin<'e, and had lurked ahout a loni^ whde m \ ork>hirc 
 lor Ins hi:j;lme^s's ser\iee, drew up a paitv ol thirlv 
 horstd)i.'fore in\ door, and p!e\ ruled my >-t u rin^^ ahr>)ad, 
 till Lord Da'ihy and lu^ j'riu'ipal campanion^ came u[) 
 u ' me. 
 
 His lord-hip loM nif, tiiat to ir-;>t wci'i- to ;io m;in- 
 ;ier ol laid or pmj)cjs(' ; that himM.ll, and the -laitle- 
 nien withlnm. w^re in arms for a ti\e parhauunl, and 
 the [)reserval:on ot the protectant reliLfion and Lr'>vcrn- 
 mcut, :i->h\ law e>tahli-lK il ; wh'cii tin- Ling- had alnio-i 
 t :'oUL:"ht to noihin^:-, an<l uhieh liic l^m e ol ()ra!i:;-e 
 v.a< come to re-tore ; and that he hopr'd I w.i.iid i,):ii 
 tiicm m so landahlr an ctfort. I ma ir an-wi r. liiai i 
 v'.a- tor a tree piirhauKait and ihr priiir^t.Mil rriiLj'oM a,- 
 \\ril a> tlu-'., hut that 1 wa-> a!-^o to'- tno km ;. 11 
 loid-hip la'plu'd. that he \\a> -o t )o ; and t hat h,- lio;i -,1. 
 a> uc a;j;rc(,;d m pMneijjK;>, \'. .' -houli coiu ar m a I'l;: ; 
 I told him ihouL^'i ^'- ' r\a.eil\ a:ji\rd ui tlu; mjttt r. \\ j 
 dilKaa-d \'. !(K1\' as to the [ruinuei- ; and 1 eouid not < on- 
 eeut; :t l.;v^!i.l to t.-xl' '!t lur. thuiL!; troin tiir 'aown !.-^ 
 
 ui\ manurr ol to!<f; and l!;al, as I \\^i p,,- h'liiour 
 ol hianij," his mijc^tv "- j; 'Wrnor tor V:k, it u i- :m- 
 po^siMc, \\hate'\er the coiui <iuen(i'-. 'n',!;i:. lie, toa- mo 
 to iom m ootK-eia wiih t.'io-M- w iio . ip'ail\ and a '...'.'. > dh, 
 
 \'\r\ in r( jaijniaiRe to and <( .ntrur, ;. of lu^ au'ii ailv 
 and I pnim:--ajn. 11:- ! 'Jcl-hin tlu n : '.id, " la.: mils:
 
 366 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 imprison mci" to which I made answer, " that I was 
 naked and destitute of friends and assistance, and that 
 1 acknowledged myself in his lordship's power, to do 
 with me as he would." But after some short consul- 
 tation, his lordship told me, he knew me to be a man 
 of honour, and that he should think my engagement 
 not to stir, to be as sure and as close a restraint upon 
 me, as a guard or a prison; so that, upon the pledge 
 of my honour, I was to confine myself to my room ; 
 his lordhhip, however, recommended what he had 
 offered to my farther consideration. They then seized 
 on all the gates, posted strong guards every where, 
 and suffered none to go in or out ; they secured such 
 persons as betrayed a dislike to their proceedings, and 
 especially the ofhcers of the company ; but the com- 
 pany itself revolted to them the next day. 
 
 Gathered to this head, the next day they visited the 
 magazine and stores, which God knows, were next to 
 nothing, notwithstanding all my most pressing remon- 
 strances to the king, both formerly and of late. The 
 militia-troops then, and some of the gentlemen who 
 fame in to serve as volunteer^, and who were not above 
 sixty, ransacked the hriuses of several papists, for 
 priests, arms, and iiorscs, which they took wherever 
 tliey found them. They seized also on a company oi 
 foot new raised, but not yet armed, in their quarters at 
 Tadcaster ; and a cr)mpany of grenadiers, as they were 
 on their march for London, by tlie wav of York : but 
 as yet they touched the property of no man but tlie 
 king's, tlie papists and myself excepted ; for they 
 made very free with my coals, and the other provision 
 that I had laid in for the use of the garrison. 
 
 On the 2-lth the car) caused the lord- mayor to call
 
 sii{ .loiiN in:i{i -UN . 
 
 :;6T 
 
 . hall; wlicrc \v.^ I"i-(l^!ii;) in nif a -; i'.\Ii, -^i'ttin_j 
 torih t tie reason tor their ri^ipu-, :iik1 ot ;!i!:- tl.\ 'ai\'i- 
 tion; <it'>irin<i; llic(it\ wini'i "ii \ulli l! -n ;;i lii;-^ 
 latter: and tlii'v siuncd it accoriiM';,! . ; as ili 1 aKo i 
 nuniber of ^ctith-mcn. 1 in> (u i-l.ii-at.on hciii^' the 
 next (lay |MiMte<l. thtri- apjivaiid ot trm ! ot ^>r^l^ t;> it 
 >t\ ; <)t Km'cI^" >()ns, ihri'C ; ot l)aronel-, t:\ c ^ (;t kni-!it>, 
 M\ ; ot c-.jnirc'N and L^i'iitleinen, ^ixt\-M\ , an.! o| ci- 
 ti/a-n-^ c'l York. (irt\-si\. \\'e liad now n(v^^ from 
 XoltiiiLdiain, that the I'.arl ot' DevtMi^liirt.', Lord Oi^la- 
 nii>-e, and nKinv more noblemen and eentlinu'.i were 
 ::-en .t'-o i\\ ihose [)arts, and thai p:real nnniher-; flcnktxl 
 i'l to ihem. 
 
 Meanwhile the kinc; was on hi^ marcdi to Sali>hui-\ , 
 v\hi(di he bad a['/j)ointed to be tlie general ri-nde/.vous 
 ot hi- whole armv, having sent the }()ung princi', hi-; 
 son. to Fort-nioiith, a> the report was by ^ome , but 
 to Tranee, >.eeor Img to olher^. In a da\ or two, I 
 made it m\ I'lajue-! to the I'>ar! of J)anh)-, that ho 
 woLiK! i:i\e me lease to l.u- a pri-oner at mv own Ikhisc 
 ,n the' coimtr',. w hei'e [ promi-e(t to aei nothmLT lo his 
 pi-ejudice, but to aecjuie-ee, and a.!);de b\' my word as a 
 'rue prisoner. llereujjon he sent toi- me to come and 
 dine u-tii him ; and at mv (.:oming into the rc)om told 
 me, that, to ji'.-e me the better -tom;ich to mv meal, 
 I might, eipon the- terms I liad propose'd, dep;i! I when- 
 i:\vv 1 plea-td. At tlirmer his lordship toM me, the 
 Duke ot Newea^tle's absence had bt'Ui what prinei- 
 [)ally tavuurcxl their de-ign , and that he doubled rn ' 
 but I liad soiiie tear- or ^u-picion ol \\hal \'.a- goin^' 
 lorward : lan^wared, that I did indi.'cd bebew they 
 wa.uld go ver\ high in llii;r pctitioM, but ". ver im;!- 
 ti:ned -u manv I'-enUeu'e'i cf {\\c'-v 'Mn' , ' Mua'itv
 
 368 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 would have ventured upon so perilous an expedient ; 
 and that if I had been aware of it, I should certainly 
 have made a resistance, though to ever so little purpose, 
 or at least have made my escape out of the town. I 
 had discourse with several of these gentlemen, and 
 perceived that they began to reflect on what they had 
 done, as of more danger than they at first thought of, 
 and found they were troubled, that men came in so 
 slowly to them. Lord Willoughby said it was the 
 first tim^e that any Bertie had been concerned against 
 the crown ; that it was a grief to him, but that the ne- 
 cessity of the times was fatally such, that there had 
 been no avoiding it. To this I observed, that the 
 flagrant invasion on our rights might have been re- 
 strained without a repelling force, and that a thorough 
 and plain representation of our injuries, properly urged 
 on the part of the whole kingdom, could not have 
 failed to reduce the king to a better and juster sense of 
 what he was about ; that the great want of money, the 
 violent distraction of the nation, and a plain discovery 
 that po[)ery could never again be imposed upon us, 
 would iiave obliged \\\> n ajesty, for his own sake, for 
 b.is ovvU safety -.ma M]ier(sl, to have altered the tenor 
 of his condiicf. Sir ileury Gooderiek. W{)uld then 
 iiave persuaded me to ^:o;n their declaration, but I told 
 them I could not poi^ibly do it ; for that though I 
 should be of a mind v.ilh tliem, as ;o the matter it eon- 
 rained^ yet being liow in arms 1 couid not, in ruy 
 "judgment, conceive Ijut a concurrence with them, as 
 to the coiiterits of theif paper, might be Justly con- 
 strued mlo a "oining with them in the force. Air. 
 Fankard also most earnestlv pressed me to be willi 
 them, but I lield out. In the midst of tliis comes the
 
 Hi .KMiN iii:Ki>i:\ 
 
 :j()'^ 
 
 i-!c;k < I the [''"I'v li; <ri\r me iioiu-t' ol a new coijiiiiis- 
 -'oi; I'l.it ua'^ h:'UL:iil iIdwh, wliuli ri'-t . ni-.l a!l llic 
 l;< ntlcuKii ol tiu- W i->l- Ivuliii;^' I have toniu-ii'v oh- 
 M-rved to lia\e hecii tunictl out; hiil thai idxmIi and 
 t\s' iiiort' were- omitted. Lord Daiih\ immed;att,:lv 
 took iij) thi>, and to!d iiu- it \\a> plain tliei'e was a re- 
 sentment aL:ain-t me, aiul that iL ua> ver\ e\id<nt 1 
 shoird meet With wni'-e (juai'tei on the oth* r >ii!.-, 
 than Irom them ; hi:t all this had no manner oi' I'tlltt 
 n[)on me. l"hr ne\t C\a\ tiie Duke ol" Xe\sca>tle seiit 
 onirr- to !ii> captain- ol hors^ to (h-mi-N tiie iniHtia 
 ti\)up> ; hut thr\ , in>te;!d I't obe\ mii 1,;> oidei->, km jlu d 
 at him t.)r \\i> ilktimrd iiu->-^a'_^-e. 
 
 This da\ I ohtaiiird a pa>> ol llkii' _sj:enera!-h: j)s to 
 c;<> to my o\\ n home, upon mv parole that I would con- 
 fine nu-e!l tlici'c, nor iacccmI the h{)und> ol ii\c miles 
 ,!!;oiit ; and ii\c jjraccahlv and C|U!etl'. , and ah>tain 
 Irom a'! manner t<t ho-.tilt' action. W e had wow news 
 a- it tluarnu had \.itcd Lraliae pailiaiiu'nt , thoUi.di 
 at llicsauH' tiM,ci!ic\ de( !a;\-d thc\ would (k/ieud his 
 majc-tv "- [KM'M ;ji t: oiii all mcai w uluuit eK(\ p*a mi : t ia" 
 \er\ ma;ter I df-ucd to he the c. nleiit^ nl < mr Verk- 
 -hii'e pi tiion. Ijut oM ihe heel> i-t lu;-- iaudah!e re- - 
 iution, It happ; IK d, a> ue were told, th;il a meidicr ^ 1 
 threat lilt I', .'liucr> ot ij:earm\\ and part uailar coiiii 
 deiit- o! i( kin,;", iiad re\i'lted and l^oik' o\er i.) the 
 I'ruiec Ol Oraii^-e; part;caikir!\ , that entlie li'lhol 
 No iai;ier, tiie kiUL,' ha\'U!--thcn reai l,evl Sal ;da: ;. , 
 ^^hl,re !e-.!rm\ 'Aa> > eiuie/.'. ou^ed, tic 1 .e:d ( in;: eii.'k 
 one ot hi- m 'i' ir-;j; neraU, under pi' eaiae ''I s:;c'.\;, _ 
 km iu> ou uia.rii-, riu-Kd h:s :;,. 'c-^; , u.to a tia. u 
 
 \snuii mu-<t, iiave hetra.\ea hun to lee hand- 
 tiie {kaU' e ,,f" () an;.' ^ 'H u;\-, h i i n n 
 
 a: ; 
 
 '> 
 
 aim:
 
 :j7o memoirs of 
 
 derate bleeding at the nose prevented tlie king from 
 proceedings and that the said lord perceiving his design 
 to be thus frustrated, immediately went over to the 
 prince, accompanied by the Duke of Grafton, Colonel 
 Berkley, and others; though, it must be observed, 
 that this Lord Churchill was raised, from a page to the 
 king, to the degree of a viscount of England, and in 
 possession of a great estate therewith, which was en- 
 tirely owing to his majesty's bounty. The king, as- 
 tonished, and not knowing whom to trust, returned to 
 Andover on the 24th, where he sat at supper with 
 Prince George of Denmark, his son-in-law, and the 
 Dukeof Ormond ; but to the surprize of all m.en, they 
 both deserted him that very night, and withdrew to 
 the prince, together with others of good note and ac- 
 count. The very next day, the Princess of Denmark 
 departed privately from Whitehall, in company with 
 Lady Churchill, and took refuge at Nottingham. Now 
 the number of all that thus forsook the king did not 
 as yet amount to one thousand j but such a mutual 
 jealousy now took birth, that there was no relying on 
 any one, no knowing who would be true and honest to 
 the cause ; wherefore the army and artillery were or- 
 dered to retire back towards London, where his ma- 
 jesty arrived on the 26th ; his out-quarters being at 
 Windsor, Reading, and places round about. 
 
 The next day he called together all the lords spi- 
 ritual and temporal then in town^ being about fifty in 
 number ; and pursuant to their advice, writs were im- 
 mediately issued out for calling a free parliament, and 
 for removino^ all Roman-catholics from councils and 
 employments ; for issuing out a general pardon to all 
 Vvho were with the prince, and for sending commis-
 
 ^ii; .'oiiN iii;!;i:>in . 
 
 ,:i 
 
 ~;i'!i''rs [n trrat \\-,t.!i liiu). '1 lir in-nchiTp.aiioii :u\'or;!- 
 
 i:i^i\ (M!ii<' out, tlir p'.rlininciit w.i^to iiu-.-t. t.j. 'ti the 
 
 i;)!l> ot" J:i!)tiar\- m-xt ciiMiiiiL;', and tin; Lord- II,illi(a\, 
 
 .\iiltir;i;ii.nn, ami ( jchI )l[!ii!i, \S( rr ajipoiiitcd coiiiini^- 
 
 M('tu.'r> to the j)r!iic(\ InU to ii'lui'ii hat!; n Ii:tlt; to 
 
 our iioriluTii [>arl> : Kingston upon Hull, orllu!!, tli it 
 
 coiinuK r.il)!r Lfarris,')!!, \va> surpnzi-d hv Mr. C" ijiK'\, 
 
 t!i(' licutru int-iiovtMiio'-, on the l'^\U ot Ntw idvi- ; 
 
 \\ho _L;-ath('riiiu,- a partv to hini, ^t'i/.cd tlie ^o\crii)r 
 
 hi:r,<(lt, I.ord Laiip:daK'. in tlu' ni^^ht, as al-o a nunil'i-r 
 
 I 't Ivonian-catholics wlio i\cd tor rclutxo to liiat phh'c- ; 
 
 ;!nd the '^ojdiirs joinin^;:," in the treaeinTv , thi\ dcelarc 1 
 
 for the kiuLf. and tlie protectant ri huion. and -^ci.f 
 
 nnnietliatc n,>t:ec to \ ork ol whai tlic\ I.il (!'>ne. 
 
 Aho;;t the same time a part\ was di^patciied irom 
 
 "\ ork to <(']/.' the De.ke ot Ncu'e;i -tic's hordes and 
 
 aian-; \\h:e!i t!ie\ dul, hut no Ujaneiirof attrmp.t or 
 
 r i;n"\' \^a> oiiaTil t > le^ L'raic"-. pt'--on. In short, 
 
 tl:. !( v\Tr hut trw Lf;; :! Icnien ii; oar ;.:irU <t tiic 
 
 eoun''. ill it adh. Ti ;1 to the kar;; i:or inder'l in .mv' 
 
 pa;1 of ; i:o nort ii ot h'a)<j;land, 
 
 Oa e.o ]()!h ol Dccemher, l'l\!nouth, ih-i^l..l, and 
 othrr jiL.ai -, --uhniMtid them-elvcs to the- jaaiiee, an 1 
 tiie d.Uiaion hojan to ho ^janiial. In tiie m;d-t a-^ ;t 
 ucre ol thi^, tlie i'rinev' (if W alo is hronu'Iit irom 
 rosUiui aith to I.'iachai, wlnai I'Wa-v soul eooelu''! 
 lie \\a> ui IVane*' : hut ho niadi' no eon: in aanar ; lii 
 queen tin' \ t IV \\c\l niLrht , hiauLr Sund,a'. , oaia'v mm- la;', 
 ah;.ul twoKr ot th<' ('ook, down to a vo .>il p:;\.i!t''. 
 piaparcd, whioh h\ a ta'.omail 1;' L;a.h' ^^a^ wafir 1 ( '. i : 
 to Dunkirk. The nr\l da\ a ri-imont ol S. >)ti.'i 
 }a<r-~o dt-^iTtetl to tla- pr;;.ic: n(M v'.a-> lluac an la vv 
 ;( :ireo Lut h;s neiir-f v icoi 'vcd. M.c J ih, ih iievo c'
 
 572 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 one sort or other ; so that, prompted thereto by most 
 fatal advice, he the next day, being the 11th, with- 
 drew himself piivately, attended only by two or three 
 persons, to follow the queen, as was then most com- 
 monly believed. This was very extraordinary and 
 quite wonderful : for his commissioners having just 
 before sent him word, that afi'airs miuht be managed 
 with the prince to his majesty's satisfaction, he had 
 summoned his cabinet council to meet the next day, 
 at nine in the morning ; though it seems he intended 
 nothing less than to be with them ; for he went away 
 that very night, without so much as leaving any order 
 or direction behind him. The lord-chancellor with- 
 drew at the same time, and took the broad seal along 
 with !)im ; so that all was now in the utmost confusion, 
 nor is tlic consternation to be expressed. Upon this 
 the lords, as well spiritual as temporal, wrote to his 
 highness of Orange, to let him know the king was 
 gone from ihcm, and to acquaint him they would en- 
 deavour to kc(?p things in order till they coukl receive 
 iiis directior:s, and to in\ite him to town. 
 
 Th.e rabble had been before sufficiently incensed 
 against the papists; but now ajjprehending, and rea- 
 sonably enough, that ihe king had withdrawn himself 
 by their advice, or rather at their instigation, they grew 
 10 that heigiit of outrage, that, rising in prodigious 
 multitudes, and dividing tliemselves into great parties, 
 they pulled down tlii- chapels of that worship, as well 
 as the houses of nrany of its professors, taking and 
 spoiling their goods, and imprisoning such as they sus- 
 pected to be priests : nor did they spare even the chapels 
 and houses of ambassadors, and other foreign ministers ; 
 ;'nd particularly the Spanish ambassador, who. as wa*-^
 
 slit ,i()iiN iM;in:^i:\ . .:; 
 
 _riic!Ml!v C()n)[)ulr(!, t't ln> null ;iii.l ()l!;r: s who --.niii-til 
 !ii- jirotrctioii, li;;-' i^u hU :im,1 pl.ilc !> tin- value ot 
 oiic" lumdrcd ihuusaiid |)()Uii(U I ir.iMi trom ,i:i;i ; wlial 
 \'..i> ot less worth, and hi!on^;ii;:; t'.) thai ^iij-tr-~t,liuii, 
 ua> Iniriil puhlici}' in the sinit. 1 iie ^anu- ila; , th.- 
 lot-d-ch.iiirtlior, who had w.iitrd t < > i'^ii; t tr the tide, 
 thoiudi in the d!>L;'ui^e t)t a ^eaiiMii, and de>Mtir.e ot \i\i 
 (\ (- hiH.'W-, wdiieh 111- had pui'piiM. 1) cut i It, wa- -t.)j-t 
 at \\'aj)| ill.:, taken and eoininilted lo the I'ouer iiy 
 order ot the lords. He was lir>l hron-lit lo the lord- 
 ;i;!\.;r iij,.>n -u^j/uaon only; hut heinj^ -^oon known, 
 ;he\ wei'e ohii.,fd to givL- hnn a -t ron j; Li'i'^irtl, or he had 
 ' , ii,.,n!\ hecn torn to piece'-. Pen, the L:ri:at (juaker, 
 a niau'if reputed wit, and iniieh eon>n'.ted hy the kini;, 
 '..'til reL;'ard lo the diNpi-n-niL!; power he wou'.d untcjr- 
 'unately Iia.ve u-ui'px d, and the .'-elieme ol hherty ot 
 ..!;- eiiei', w;i^ lakeii al-o, a> wa> lather Pet<.'r>, that 
 ;,:. i:d.,ir\ , l! i.it >cand.d to the pri\\-ti r,);ed, where he 
 '.vi^ tiie !ir>t ol his peni:e:e';H ortler that had >at (or 
 ;i;.in\ ;i \ear he to re. 
 
 1 !,e kniLi', h(Ave\fi", upon his departure wr^-: ' ; . the' 
 ; n. !.:. n".eri-> nt ! 1 1 -^ ai'ii;\, --1^:111 1 \ 111 j". t!: at thir^'- he- 
 : !_:, i)ri);,,;!it to exlreiiiit ie>, and heui^- el)ii_-.' i l.) nd 
 a\\a\ fhe (jueeii and t he pnnee, he w a> i' ireed loi.'.'e.v 
 hun>ell ; hut hoped it iniLi^hl, at .'^i/nie t;ui.: or ooi.'r. 
 piea-e ( n/d t< > touch the hearts ot tlii-- nat a in \m! h t rue 
 lti\ ah \ and hwiiour : tiiat , c( mid he hut ha', e 1;m- ;. d t > 
 h;-. tr(H)p>, he \Miuld at lea-^t have oiu' ilew lor i; , lull 
 'hat though there were >(>nie lo\al aiid hra\e niL'n 
 iinon^- the:n, hoth fdiieei-.-. and ^eliier--, it w.i- then 
 .'id\ier to hnn not to "va-nture hlnl^elt at tneir i:ead, or 
 !i> iiL;hl thel'nneeol Oraiiee with t hem. Ileth.inked 
 iioH," tor their lulehtx who had heen true l^ hun; anil
 
 37i MEMOIRS OF 
 
 added, that though he did r.ot expect they should ex- 
 pose themselves, by resisting a foreign army, and a 
 poisoned nation, he hoped they would preserve them- 
 selves disengaged from associations and all such evil 
 doings. In the postscript he told them, that as he had 
 ever found them loyal, so they ever had and ever should 
 find in him a kind master. Lord Feversham, then 
 commanding as general, dispatched this letter to the 
 Prince of Orange; and sent him word, that having 
 thereby directions to make no opposition, he had, to 
 prevent the effusion of christian blood, given notice of 
 the same to his army, which had thereupon in great 
 measure disbanded. 
 
 His majesty, in the mean time, endeavouring to for- 
 sake the kingdom, in a hoy, with few of his attendants, 
 among whom was Sir Edward Hales ; and stretching 
 over from an island in Kent, was boarded by a boat, 
 with thirty-six armed men, who were bound, as they 
 called it, a priest-codding, or catching. They used 
 the king, but especially those tliat vvcre with him, with 
 great rudeness and incivility, and took from his majesty 
 tlnee hundred guineas, all he was at that time worth, 
 and his sword : but when they came to understand who 
 he was, they offered to restore him both ; but he would 
 take back nothing but his sv/ord. Being brouglit to 
 shore, he v\ent to Lord Winchelsea's, where he was 
 taken with another fit of bleeding at the nose, which 
 made him very weak and very sick. Information of 
 this being sent up to the lords at Whitehall, they or- 
 dered four noblemen, Aylesbury, Middleton, Yar- 
 mouth, and another, with some of his servants, to 
 attend him, and carry him necessaries ; some of the 
 guards also, and Lord 1 eversham, waited upon him ;
 
 sii{ JOHN Rri{i:<i}v. :,::, 
 
 ijiit tlu'ir orders wcri- to K-ave il to his ui.'ijcstv's ouii 
 choice, cither to go or to rcliirn ; it hcin^: deemed unlit 
 to put any rotraiiil upon him. Much ahoul the saine 
 time, the Lords Pi'terhorouiih and Sah.shur\, who had 
 been lately convertetl in father Walker, master i>! 
 Univcrsity-collcixe in 0\tord, were al>o taken : hut the 
 Prince ol Orange bcmir invited to London, had rcachetl 
 W nuKor before he knew the kni'j,- had been iwlerce[)ted. 
 
 Before his highness came to town, he sent his own 
 people to po^^ess tliem-el\cs (>f the Tower: he cpiar- 
 tered ihein iii and near the town, and p<osled them at 
 \\ hiteiiail ; and at two in the morning .^enl hl^ maj^^ty 
 notici', that he nui>t remove thence that da\ to .'>ome 
 place ten or twelve nnle> di->tant, and he attended by 
 his highne>-s's guards. Ilis inaicsty therefore went to 
 K(;che>ter, attendetl b\ Lo\\\ Dunbarton, Lord \vles- 
 i)ur\ , ;iiid Lord Arraii ; and then the pnnce came to St. 
 ,lame>">, where he was complum'nted by many of" the 
 nobilitx' ; the bells rang, bonfires were lighted up, nor 
 was an\ jjublic jirofosion ol i' >\ wanting among the rab- 
 bK' ; while senoii-. men m lln' citv seemed to think it 
 hard the kiiiij,- should be so forcetl to withdraw b.imsclt 
 a --econd t ime. 
 
 d lie j)rince. upon in^ arrival, ^eemed more iiudmed 
 to the pre>l~) teriaiis than to the members of the church ; 
 whieli startled the clerg\ : he oidw-red as manv of the 
 kiiij"-> force> to be gathered togi'tlh r a^ po>-ible, and 
 conliiicd l>ord IVwiT.sham to \\ mdsor-c.i^l !i' for having 
 di>ban (led them, and \uv otlu'r matter- laid to his charge ; 
 nor must we loii'-et, that his hii:hne--> a-sumed so much 
 to !iim>(df", as to make tin; Duke o! Beaufort wait lull 
 lour hours before he would give him admittance. The 
 king alarmed at this procccdung, began to llunk hunse'l
 
 376 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 in danger, and sent to the lords, signifying, it was his 
 desire to go out of the kingdom. Their lordships took 
 some time to consider on the answer they were to 
 make ; but wlijle they were in the nVuht oi Hieir deli- 
 beration, he gratified himself in his own desire, and 
 went privately away. And now the English guards and 
 other troops were, by the prince, sent to the distance 
 of twenty miles from London, to make room for the 
 foreign soldiery he had brought with him. 
 
 The lords having for some time sat in their house, 
 and finding that his majesty would not appoint another 
 chrincellor or keeper, nor produce the grent seal ; the 
 lords, I say, being about si^ -y in number, as well spi- 
 ritual as temporal. Lord Ha Hfax being in the chair, 
 made an order to banish all papists that had not kept 
 house for four years last past, to the distance of ten 
 miles from the city. Their lordships ceased not <.o sit, 
 though it was Christmas-day ; and, among other things, 
 framed an address to the prir.co, that he would take 
 the government on himself, till alfairs could be settled; 
 and the ne:xt day a certain number of lords Vvcre ap- 
 pointed to wait on him therewith ; but his higlmess 
 e^aid, he could give no answer to it, till he had the opi- 
 nion of the commons; for it was but two days before 
 that he had ordered the lord- mayor and fifty of the. 
 alderint'ni and common-council, together with all such 
 gentlemen as had been meml)ers of parliament in the 
 late reign, and were in town, to meet together in the 
 house of conmions, to sit there as a eounnittee, \n imi- 
 tation of the lords. Tltey met accorvlingly, lothenum- 
 berol about threehundred, and voted a concurrence with 
 the lords in most things, and particulaily in their address 
 to th.e prince to take the ciovcrmncnt uu()n hun till the
 
 ^ _ . .; .KiMiiarv, v.licii iic < Mivciit:' 'ii \'.m- t.i 1 , - i mnoiu'd , 
 ?!ic writ-, ;t -ii'iiiM -fci'!, lli;!! li'.d !ht!i : u.-.I '"^i (or 
 l!ir calliiiLi: c t a ])ai'li,'.iiu-iit , aii 1 lii-' rK-( t!o:l^ lii.i? 'la 1 
 tli( r^'Ujion hceii ii.a'lc. !'i\aMii!!i': Vi 'nl au<l mil' air clte'-l . 
 .'\1! i\\\< \v ;'.> t rail SIC t;'(l in thr !ii: l-t ,,| ...iiiio-i a (ifa'K'aliii, 
 no nii~fl.;rl \\a-> altc!!;!):, d, in (ll--'a.i^ ;- rai>v'd i>v\n- 
 iiU'iilcd, I'lit ail \\a- 1 '.i- f, , I. >;'.; -: n> .. ::'hl -i;!)iii.--!!)ii. 
 On till' J'^lli ct nci-f'Mil.T,-. t'v [a-.M \' lia\''!i:;- re- 
 caavcd t liiN addi' --. rc|'!rd. lli:it lie would, accordiii::; 
 |{ thtar aai\ir<.-, tiiia'iVviiir U) -ci i::r tli'' j'caia* (I I'le 
 liai.i II til' t.ic :iu'i- I'i.;- Ill t:u- (omaailKai ; aiul l!iat 
 
 M o;dc: to t'lC said nii'rtill^-, In' Would l>--llr OUt Ilis 
 
 !iat,rs to tiic Nr\( lal (aniiitic-^ and town-.; that lie 
 would take care tlic- ri\cniU' should he a[)plicd to the 
 ino-t j'toiHi' u-e- (tie exiLicncacs ot athiir-i re(]uired ; 
 lli:;t he woiiM do 111-, hu^t to jn.' Ireland into such ;i 
 c n ':' aci a- ::r, irhl ht st niaintaiu i he c He^t'-it !\-!iLrion 
 aii 1 !-'i;^!;-li ;!.;i:e-t ii' ihai kin_ij;doin; ai, i .i. ' he 
 \wn.' 1 at ,.'! t i;c - i '/CU'd hi'!)'-i-l( for the laws a no 'ii!)a'- 
 I'.i - ot' l!i' e k''ij.i":r,s, .iiui t he prr-i r\ at ion of the pro- 
 [(>! .lie, ',;:'Ji ; ii beiii _ 'h'' \aay ead (or w hah he carne. 
 
 N r ^ ,1 c .au', tlial the kiULi was -.ale arri\e(! iu 
 !V,a, ', and lii.il he \'>''- jone to tic (juei'M, wIkj 
 \\a- .. i':'."i^. llie luncii kniL!,' a! tir->t prej)are(l the 
 ea-tle (1 \nu taiiu> lor iheir reception and caiUrtaiii- 
 nciit : 1 at their maie-tic- alterward-^ laanov. i to St. 
 (n re. lie-. The kiiiL,^ thu- adxeiit in a ^tran^'c land, 
 t!ie I.( r 1 l\r(!'Miel. Lieutiaiant o( Ireland, ia\rrlhe- 
 le - la iii.ciK 1 fiMii and >ti(lta-t to i,;, maie>t\, \\:!fi 
 a luuir rou-^ army c' l'a[)i-^t>; ui"!o Lord liicneijicai 
 iieatird aiiotiii r (,(' [ircae-tants, and had taki n 1. ahhac 
 dr!T\-, and Maiu- otiier aron- toun- ;n tiiat :.:!._! an. 
 ^nd now heiic- at lihert\ Ic) 'jo wlnaa I i leased^
 
 378 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 on the 22(1 of January, 1 688-9, ^ repaired to Lon- 
 don : where being arrived, I was presently sensible 
 of a great alteration ; the guards, and other parts 
 cf tlie army, which both for their persons and gal- 
 lantry were an ornament to the place, were sent to 
 quarter at a distance, while the streets swarmed 
 with ill-favoured and ill-accoutred Dutchmen, and 
 other strangers of the prince's army ; and yet the 
 city seemed to be mightily pleased with their deliver- 
 ers, nor perceived their deformity, or the oppression 
 they laboured under, by far more unsupportable than 
 ever they had suffered from the English. 
 
 Though the convention met on the 22d, there was 
 nothing considerable done till the 28th, when, the 
 settlement of the nation being taken into considera- 
 tion by the commons, they voted, " That King 
 James II. having endeavoured to subvert the govern- 
 ment of this kingdom, by breaking the original con- 
 tract between the king and the people ; and, by the 
 advice of Jesuits, and otlier wicked persons, having 
 subverted the fundamental laws ; and having, lastly, 
 withdrawn himself from the kingdom, had abdicated 
 the government, and the throne was thereby vacant." 
 Hie next day the lords entered upon the considera- 
 tion of the same ; and several motions were made, as 
 there h;id been the day before in the house of com- 
 mons. Some would have had the king recalled upon 
 terms; but these were few: others would have had 
 the government continued in the king's name, while 
 the prince was investjed with the executive power by 
 the stile or title of regeiit, or protector : some, again, 
 were for havmg it that the king should forfeit the 
 crown, and the prince be elected thereto ; and others.
 
 siu .KHix iM:fn>i;\-. tm 
 
 .'luaiii, were fur !ia\in<j: tlu' prince and prin. (-> crnwiicJ, 
 n-> in llie ease of I'hilip and Mary ; and tliat tlic 
 prince should he kniLi" ''^ descent in iii^ht ut h'is 
 wile, whilf no notici- was tt) hr takm of the I'rinco 
 ot \\'a!e>, \\h( shcjuld he rendered incapahle lo suc- 
 eeeci, as a KoniaM-eat huhe, lie ha\lno- been hap^lized 
 in thai chnrch. On the ;U)tli, then- K)rd>hip> \ nied 
 ;i eoncnrreiiee with the commons as to the niai!) [)oint, 
 I lie \.icancy ot the throne ; hnt could not ag-ec with 
 them a'- to certain wordn : and st) adjourned the de- 
 hale till the next ila\, thmigh it wa> carried b\ no 
 more than so small a majfU'ity as three. ld)e ianie 
 (lav the commons rer>olvi'd, lir>t, that it iiad heeii 
 tound mconsistent hjr a prote^tant kin^'dom t(/ he go- 
 \ere(l b\- a poj)i^h prince; secondK, that a eommittee 
 -!u uld he appointed to hrina" in general heads of what 
 wa- absolutelv necc-ssai'y (or the better .-ecuritv of our 
 reh_!,-ion, lavv--, and liberty. 'J"hi-> last vote or re--olu- 
 ! .Ill was of ni'i^t high inijiortance, and w iselv intended 
 to giw birth to the conditions on which t!ie |)erson 
 ih.it ne\t filled the throne >h()uld be t-niitle.l thereto, 
 ,iiid to bind hiin (hnvn to a more strict ob>ei\anee ui 
 \\\\a[ ought to be, than had heretofore been tin' ea-c. 
 Meanwiiile, the prince seemed not at all to (H)ncei'n 
 inm^elt with what was going lor\vard , aiul owly de- 
 ^wetlthat, the eircum-tanci s .)t Holland and Ii'ciand 
 iLCjUUiiiLi' it, the\ would make all po->ibI'' di>j)atcli. 
 :md eoiiie to a-> early a conclusn)!! as the\ coaid. 
 
 'l"he iie\t d..:\ wa> .ipjiointctl a le^t.\,.l oi thai:k^- 
 j'.viii-- tor hi^ b;_;llncs^'> arrival, a^ it waswordi'd. 
 ' 'l~o deliver u-^ from popery and >'i,i\ery ," luit i' wa~ 
 .ib^-ued that the ])ub'ic e\presM(M!^ ol joy llowi" ikj! 
 
 *Me he'ght cNp'c^ted ; which, \'.hence it can., to
 
 380 M EM (31 R8 Ol 
 
 pass, might be in part accounted for here, but may 
 be better deferred to a little distance of time. The 
 same day the lords sat, and resumed their debate ; 
 but differed with the commons as to their term, ahdi- 
 cated, and would have had, deserted, substituted in 
 lieu thereof; nor could they quite agree with them, 
 that the throne was absolutely vacant ; so that there 
 v/as still room for the constitution of a regent or 
 protector, or even for a revocation of the king him- 
 self upon terms. 
 
 In the midst of this, on the 1st of February, I saw 
 Lord Hallifax, in company with Mr. Seymour, the 
 quondam speaker of the commons^ a man of great 
 parts, and much for continuing the power in the king's 
 name, and even in his person, could we but be se- 
 cured from the danger of popery. Dr. Burnet also 
 was present, who with great violence argued that the 
 prince was to be crowned ; and urged, that England 
 could never be happily settled till his highness was at 
 the helm, and this kingdom in strict conjunction with 
 Holland. Seymour said his proposals were impracti- 
 cable ; for that if the prince was king, he must main- 
 tain himself as such, by the means of an army, which 
 was not to be relied on against their natural sovereign. 
 He observed, that as the laic ICnglish army would 
 not fight for popery, they would be as backward in 
 fighting against ilioir king ; and that it was impossi- 
 ble for England and Holland to join heartily in one 
 and the same interest, being suitors, as they were, to 
 one and the same mistress, namely, trade. That 
 same night my Lord Hallifax told me, he was not at 
 first in the secret of the prince's expedition ; but that 
 as his highness was now with us, and upon so good
 
 >]R JOHN in;iJi>in . :>i 
 
 .111 oi-ra-^'u^n, lu; tli()iiu;lit \vc wi-rc ol)'i_rt.>l i ^ -.nii,: I>v 
 >!;m1 (l.-tcii'l liiin, I loM liiii), 1 tia<l iu-anl I.m'I D.hi' y 
 
 L'\[:rClCil to 1)0 hftorchaiul Wltil lil'll lll t'nr |;;!iic'> 
 axjcl 'Taci'-; ; Init 1k' u"a\'t' nic ^oiiu' rra^o'i^ Iw inikc 
 !IK' Ij'-licvi- (itl)rr\vi'-(,' ; too'r^ iiotic' that lii^ lo;(l>liij) 
 bcj-an t') laj in lii-; /.':\\ ; aii'l ci'iicliiilrd t!ial lli ' -aul 
 lord (Miilil liavi- iin lif)[)r> ot I.t'ihl;- trca-tii'i r, lii-> !i ^!)- 
 iit <s liavinLT drclarcd lie would liavc (t)IlU^l-^;<)I!t:^ lor 
 the r\ecuti')ii ol that ollicc. His loi-dshi;) tiieii \)io- 
 (X'l'dfd to tell III;' he hini>e!t -hoiild ht ein;;lo\cd, 
 and o!]"cri''d to me >oine arLiaHiients t-i priiw the Ic^-a- 
 hi'v of vci-vuij.- under the future Li'overnineiil ; p.'.rli- 
 culai'Iv tiiat tli"ULj.-h the kiii-j: had r.-h.U' luidied his 
 iuiiction, the eon^titution \\a> noi tor that rea.-on to 
 he ^uflVred to (all : that tall it niu>t. if men \M)uld 
 Uiit a.et nndt'r tlm-i lo whom it v\a> (k'lei^ated ; in 
 ti'ie, that m our prc-iait (-i^cnm^ta;l(\s iIk' s,j/'/, j,,,- 
 hi.' was to he th>' . ^ in'-' f/ta . 11;^ lord-:ii[) then 
 - . ';it;nt:>' '1. tiial ;;i':c uaa'e ^>l nianv u 1 1. dcelnir 1 t'j 
 -( T\c. eid ^') h\V wiio wci'e lit Inv it, that it I had a 
 'iini'l t; i iM.jaL'i' mv -i-l!. tiiei'e W' ai'd hi\ doiihtlos, room 
 -\\'r..r.{ lit I'lr iiir , .ad, that. ati( i- thinL;s were Li[M)n a 
 -'ah!'- ! iind.itia:. I eii^h; mt-rtain -o'lir tluuuht - i 4' 
 /'ii^: -.-If am' ,1-- . li a' to sonu' [}rinec < a- ^lat^', 
 ..h'.reh' I n,:_.i,t. h> (^t .,1' thewa\, till t!ie rloud^ 
 v. hi'.di ! e:i' j; o'.aa' n-, \'. ( re d>j)' r>ed and IjI^wh :i'a.!\. 
 n, ad>hi;' tjirn cidi ri d to r.irrv iii-' the next morn- 
 ni^L' to tlie jaane* , whom I h.adlint vet .-^riii ; a.di'. >,'d 
 me' to hi; eaiitio'i-> .,1 thf rimpaiu I K'l't, and t^a t. 
 v-a-; I ir(aim^[;f( 1 m all ]]]\ a( tion- a:\'\ hriia\ loar. 
 
 idle ntxt u.i\ 1 went t'; nuv't tar m.najm-, \\\, u ; 
 v^ th the pnncr ai hi- i-i di ha!n!)ca ; I ait > < "m ci : j^ - ni t.> 
 he ' 'Id me hi^ ha,hnc>s eoa'd no! '.
 
 3S2 MExMOJRS OF 
 
 seen for two hours yet to come ; and r'clvisecl me to 
 defer the waiting on him till the next day At the 
 same time the lords, who were for conferring the 
 crown immediately on the prince, began to appreliend 
 the adverse parties might prevail against them ; where- 
 fore they found means to stir up the people, who in a 
 tumultuous manner, offered a petition to the two 
 houses of parliament, that they would crown both 
 the Prince and Princess of Orange, and take speedy 
 care of liberty and property, as well as for the defence 
 of Ireland. But the lords rejected it, because it was 
 not signed ; and the commons did the same, saying, 
 they would not be awed in their votes, nor be directed ; 
 for that they ought to be free. The very same day 
 the king sent two letters, the one to the lords, the 
 other to the commons; but the messenger not being 
 present to testify they were brought from the king, 
 they vvere laid by, and the person who brought them 
 was ordered to attend on the lords the Monday morn- 
 ing next. At this very juncture I was told, by a 
 court-lady, that it was much wondered my friend, the 
 Marquis of Hallifax, had been so eager for the kings 
 having abdicated the government, when he absolutely 
 knew his majesty would never have gone, if he had 
 not beea frightened into it. She assured me his lord- 
 ship had treated with the king to come again into bu- 
 siness, a few weeks before the prince's intention was 
 certainly known : that she was the very person his 
 lordship sent to the king ; that the king actually gave 
 him a meeting at her house: that they had agreed 
 upon terms; nay, what is more, that his lordship had 
 treated with some priests for his return to court. 
 That upon this account his majesty particularly de-
 
 >\\l JOHN lli:iM>IJ\ . '.v) 
 
 j)eii(lc(l U})Oi"i him, when he naiiu-d him one oi thi^ 
 < ommissioners to go to thL"|irmcc; that atti ! !i,ivi:;_ir 
 coiifc'rrcd with his hi^-hiie>s, he scnl ihi- k;;i:, .1 jui- 
 \ato It'ttcr, intimaliiig an ill cic.Niu-n agaiii-L hi- jHr-oii, 
 and that this was tiie real cause o( his m:iic>i\\ l::.,hi, 
 and the tlejxirUire ot the (jiieen. 'l"h;it alter tiie l^i:),!^ 
 was hroiight hack. Lord I lallitax was en.- of the ju\rs 
 that came and admom^hed him, on helia't" o: the 
 j)rince, to leave Whitehall, for K' '-heste;- or ILi;n, 
 Ailhinthe --horL spaci' ot tuo !iour> ; and that li;s 
 lordslii{)'s rea-on for ron'.('\ mii: tlii^ ungralelul mc<- 
 >aL;t' to his maie^ty, '.va>, that lie u.is as-i,!\:d the 
 jirince's j^artv had in eouiu il ri -^oived to ~^vi/.c (Mi l.is 
 j)cr>on, and irnpri-on him. That upon Iir- \\hole it 
 must he notorioublv known to his lor(Khl,o, th.it the 
 kinLL" hatl iio maimer ol inelinaticMi to withdrr.w cither 
 the lh->t t'V the second time ; and that lie was con;- 
 j elled tlicreto out ot a principle of mere >e!t-[)r -.\ a- 
 tion. Sl;e !".iri!,( r i::ii).irted to me, that th'.' k,:ij w;!> 
 
 ...:i 
 
 I , .- ', 
 
 -o terrihlv po.-<e-M- 1 t)t nis (ianc^:\ an. I so d. . : i'. ai- 
 iiicted uheii the Priii'C^-^ Anne went a'Aay, th:.i .. di-- 
 ordeir.l him m h:> uii.Ier-t.m^Im-- ; i^.l tiiat i.e re- 
 ro\ert(i j)r(tt'. well upon h;> I'clnrn. Siie ei'iitiii ..-t], 
 that tne second time he wentaw;;), ia -u hit Ic de- 
 M'Oied .ai\ >ueli thin'", that he knew iiof \\ii:ch v. ,;v 
 {" -it Iwruard; one \>.h:le he resolw.d t(> ^^;> north- 
 V, ard. and tiir. iv. him~rh :i;ti) \\\r haia'- 1 1 tiie I,n;-d 
 Danh', . aiiclMrr. lu- had ihoikLrht^ ol ^^a;., t(^ the 
 Arehlj>ii()[> e! (';.'.'; iharv, (;r the lV-li'>p o! W iiiehe-- 
 le!- : that ^iii' iu;---h u,;- -. nt to !;,. ^e la-t, tn Lii'i-.v 
 t tlu/. wuuld rc'.i !'.- an 1 -^eurc hue : ;::i'i t!iai th--. 
 neither ra'ci p^tcd tli" mia:oip, u i;- i>' , ',, d :. .S,:c 
 'id m^: nmreover, that tiie lurd< me ] .] ; !-,>"
 
 SS4f MEMOIRS OF 
 
 of the marqni for the prince's service, but were far 
 from intending him any advantage thereby. That his 
 Jordship having been the first that advised the taking 
 away of the charters, he would be in some danger of 
 being called to an account for it^ as soon as the go- 
 vernment was well settled ; as well as for other arti- 
 cles, he having great enemies among the party to which 
 he adhered. At last she desired me, if possible, go to 
 contrive that she might speak to his lordship, and en- 
 deavour to moderate him so far as to make him think 
 well of a regency, and not hurry on so fast for a for- 
 feiture or abdication. I told her I would do what I 
 could in it; but was sensible his lordship v. as too far 
 engaged to recede. The same lady again told ire a 
 great lord of Scotland had, but a few days before, 
 assured her, that in case the two houses agreed to make 
 the governmeiii vacant, that kingdoni would clioose for 
 herself, be no more a province to England, nor give 
 any longer attendance at the dcor of an English, court. 
 
 The lords this day did nothing more than order the 
 eit'hth of February, which used to be kept as the anni- 
 vrsary of his majesty's accession, to be no longer ob- 
 served as a festival ; and sent down tlieir resolution to 
 the commons concerning the abdication, and other mat- 
 ters there'') relating;: which the commons, the d'iy 
 after, taking into coisidernhon, they resolved to adhere, 
 loti lern verl-is, to thei? first vote. 
 
 On 'he 'id I saw the Dul:-" of Somerset, the Earl 
 of Bu.nngt( i, the Earl of Scarsdale, and some other 
 lords, vv.io had all been active in the orince's cause, 
 which the) n^w see:iied in some measure to repent. 
 Som( ot them said, rie thms. had run a length they 
 little expected ; others^ that they could never have be-
 
 ]\i .loiiv i{|;wl:^l:^ 
 
 licvcd ihc priih ^> \V(HiI'! Iiavc comIcikKaI l>.r the crown ; 
 bill .ill iii^fL-fil III ojjiiiioii, it was to I)c Mt c,!i llic !ii.\ul 
 of liic pniic\'~^>, and >o doci i.d iu i!.^ I'l^^di! cwiir^c: anl 
 tlu- \].iv\ ot SiMr-vlaK,' [)art:fii!a! !\ told inr, llu- I^Iik-c-s 
 of Driiinaik \\a> vcrv Mii'-ili'.i: ot llic error --lie Iiad coin- 
 ri)iUc-d in !ea\ in::- her fatluT, to iiiak" hei-eh (W apart; 
 u'liii the j'nnee ; who no'.v in lelurn wa^ i r,d,j:e, oariie'- 
 to ])ut her hv In r right^ and to ohlain prlo:aL\ of -".'- 
 ((-^>ll'n helore her. 
 
 On tlif ttii, ihe I a->:> havinj; .ent (K..\\n [n the eo-;- 
 inon^ t!ieir rra^un^ l^a" ahuhni:^ 1)\ then' word /A n .'' /, 
 andwie. li.e^ U; yii^'.ii ih-.'rc w a> no \-acane'. ; the h >;:se 
 ihcreiij). ai ii;-.;d,d , lia' a\(> hcaig l"^'!, anw' the noes 
 I^ [ . I lie ii; \t d,i'. the h.o.i-er- Ii.:d a li'ee e mf' relr'e ; 
 the i->sne ot wli!i-!i wa.-, tli,;L the day after-. !a nrj t'lC 
 filh, t!'i' lia'iU (\in'ana\d with th.' eoninion-. A \;i- 
 can.". h -n:, th;'.^ (ii ..!' hand.s pro'.ioe.ncd, th" I )i-;ls 
 
 "oei.e.iLe, ,o e 
 
 ', e - 
 
 r in w .ial :;,:ai'er the tnroi:.' was 
 
 . ti. 
 
 {<) ne l.li>.i, ..': in ti.a ':i.! [a-- i :; \ot.', lliat tn<.' 
 l'r;nee and V::. - -~ ^'f Ovav.^c. s.eild hr ; r^ ^ vain.ecl 
 h-, !u-t\Irai,,: ..'h ..i' I\-:i^- Wd;;; .a: and Oievn Mar\. 
 iv.il ihe e Min. ai> j ro cedi d. a ^t p ;ard:> r. ;ind\M:e(l 
 liiiit a:, -.a" t' li la tin,' Ii'as, and the ncjati'.e \oi<'e, 
 -nonid hi w -'fvl .a t'l.- r.iiiLi; s.n-i\ ; dt . 'arin::- it iai- 
 prt i;'( I- t hiaa -;,,:, 'a! ie 1 \'. o iie^aiLi'a - : Iiial lile- >ae- 
 ee--lon ot \\\c ( ." M '!i od ! to tia' new r.i.a:: aaid 
 aa.-ii, ,and Ivi I h<- -^a: \a\ i a' ot t:.e two; to :itot',v;: 
 i--n'', ..\:'\ ai li'd.e.i'; th.aa a', t^ th'' I-'ina'. - Xnnc and 
 her i^^ui' , ,i ;...'. .ii ' ^ f a . M su ii i -n-a ; '.l:c e.->e.a iif 
 the f. inLT m e . , a..d ii.s e an . .... ',.; \ .a;; ii , 
 
 and -o to the r^: .il dar. | a, a-:- [.. d, ^ ^.a,, a . la 1; d. 
 On th. -ih. id:' ronnn. ..- liavai aa:/rtr 1 .t -^liua: e
 
 386 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 ject, sent up the same to the lords for their concurrence, 
 intending to lay them before ihe prince for redress, at 
 the same time they made him a tender of the crown of 
 England with all its dependencies. 
 
 Meanwhile the Marquis of Hallifax desired me to 
 get the lady, I just now mentioned, to my house; 
 where he gave her a meeting on the 9th ; and was 
 two hours in conversation with her. During which, 
 he afterwards told me, she was so free with him as to 
 say, she wondered he, of all men living, should con- 
 tend that the king had abdicated, when he knew him- 
 self to have been so directly instrumental in forcing 
 him away, by sending him word, that if he staid his 
 life would be in danger : that for this notice and ad- 
 vice the king owned himself indebted to him for hi^ 
 life now, as before that he was not excluded : that to 
 this his lordship replied, the king had done ill by him, 
 in sending him a messenger to the prince, and going 
 auay before he could return : that to this she returned, 
 his lordship was not to say that to her, who actuallv 
 knew he first sent him away, and was then angry be- 
 cause he went : that then my lord complained to her 
 of the king's never send'ng for him till the prince was 
 landed : that this also she contradicted, by observing 
 that his lordship knew lier to be privy to frequent in- 
 vitations he had from the king, and that he might 
 have iiad his own terms long before, if he had not 
 stood s(i aloof: that ^;he then remonstrated to him, that 
 though he was so deeply at prehcnt embarked in another 
 interest, lie could not be veil too cautious ; for that 
 the Karl of Danby would most certainly get the start 
 of him, and play him the same in this court, Lord 
 Sunrk rlaud had in tlic other ; that all they were nov.'
 
 loiiijj,, U)tU'rr(l ii]u)7i an viiicertaiii fiuiiulatioii , that 
 ScothuiJ won! 1 most asa'.ireiilv cluxise her own kuiLT ; 
 OiaL Irclaiul was ()rt)l).i!J\ l(y^t auJ g'oiic, the Lord 
 Dcjnily Tyrcuiiml hcinu- fii re al the h-.'ad ot an arin\- 
 ui -Jo.oOo inni ; and that laigland hcr-^elt' was much 
 'IImuOiI, and in threat (h^tr.iotion ; with nuich mcjrc to 
 thr '^amc cthi't : that hi-, lurdshij) hunsi'H contosc-d 
 th<T<: wire but small hopes of a lasting peace from thi> 
 settlement, though b\- far the best that could be formed 
 at this time of the day ; and that as he was well aware 
 ot the great interest ^\\c had with the king, he liopi^i 
 she uould up >M ()eea-u)n be lii^ h'iend, as he would be 
 hers whenever ^he nught stand in need of hiin. 'idu' 
 truth i^, she dealt wuirc. ruund!) witii him than any 
 bodv el-e could have vi'ntured to do with so trreat ;i 
 man; but his lo;dshij) kiK-w her W(di, and was j;re- 
 ijai'ed io!' all ^lic li:id to s;'.\ , teillnn: nu' lum-elf" it wa- 
 but prirbnre to 1< uu an eai- to ever\ l)()(i\-. 
 
 'riurt w( re !no>t eei-L.uuiv jre.it rmd violent discon- 
 tent- at thi> f;;i: , .unl the cau>es tliercof were these : 
 the p-i'UK ; iiad (1; clar(".l hr had no desiij-n upon the 
 crovMi, :md now souglit it ail he could : he came to 
 settle the pro; '-taut religivon, and yet brought over 
 4()(i() papi-ts with bun m bis army ; a number not t ii 
 short ot" u li.a th(; king bad m ius ; Init then the for!;;er 
 were iureiifner-- ; ti.e latter, (or l!ie mobt j/arl, iaiidi^Ii . 
 public (kdaratioii i,ad been matle that the bilh ut the 
 Pruit e o! VX'a't- wa.s la'.^e (jr suppositious : that tiiei'c 
 wa-i a jfrivali- tieai) made with IVaiii.e to ruslave I'.n.r- 
 liu;! ; tiial ti;e nii'.vder of tin: late king ami of the i'lrl 
 oi l'',sr,e\ Wv.ub' Im amj'iv made eut , atid \et iK>tb::ig 
 of all tb: - app' a; '/d, exi eplm'j; .M.i!r:i suiall ei:\';un-tanee- 
 relatm::- to tiic lau'l ' ^^scx: I'.^m. the prince kept
 
 388 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 his Dutch forces in town, while the EngUsh were 
 marched off to remote quarters ; his highness declared 
 he intended to keep his own men here, and to send ours 
 to Holland and Ireland ; the Princess Anne of Den- 
 mark was postponed in the succession ; several noble- 
 men were disappointed of posts and preferments they 
 deservedly expected for joining with his highness, be- 
 cause they would not vote so readily for him as he 
 imagined; in short, the letters his majesty sent to the 
 two houses, were not so much as opened ; and trade 
 (the Dutch being a frugal people) seemed to be much 
 abated in London, to what it had been in the king's 
 time. These were the causes of the discontents that 
 now broke out and appeared. 
 
 On the 11th, the two houses having agreed upon a 
 list of grievances and usurpations, and the Princess of 
 Orange being now safe arrived ; they both in a body 
 attended their highnesses on the 12th, who sat in two 
 chairs of state, in the banquetlng-house, Whitehall; 
 where the speaker of the house of lords having read 
 their grievances and desired redress, at the same time 
 made them an offer of the crowns of England, France, 
 and Ireland, with ail the dependencies and dominions 
 thereunto belonging. The prince in a short speech 
 told them, he did accept of the same, and would do all 
 lie could for the preservation of their liberties; and 
 then went away with the princess ; while the heralds 
 and several of the nobility {)roceeded to proclaim them 
 king and queen, in the usual form. The remainder ot 
 the day was spent in joy and acclamation ; though some 
 there were who had but a sorrowful countenance in the 
 midst thereof. 
 
 The chief of the articles the convention demanded
 
 >i\{ .ioii\ i{i:in>!;\ 
 
 .;>'! 
 
 ri^^lrt. >s ol, Were; ^ii>[)rii>i' mi ol tlic l.r.v^, or their t'xc- 
 ciilion bv the km;!, u ilhoiit the coiiscnt nf piirliaim-iit. , 
 the prett'iuied ]n)\\rr to ih-pcn-i' with \:v\^; thcemut 
 ui eeelesi.istical ceimmi^^ioiKT'- ; the raiMiii:; ut iiioiun Ir. 
 preroirati\ e ; the kee|);iii:; up a ^taiiihiiL:; (nret; iii tnius 
 ot peace, \\ith(ait t!ie M;i>ent ot parhaine'iit ; the ob- 
 st^;l(tlOll^ m ule to liie liee elioiee ol iiu iiihers to reprt;- 
 :eiit thi' p.-nplc; l\\v hat-N to ireedoin o( speecliiu [jar- 
 haineiit ; atul the ilnpo-^it!on ot e\ei->sivt' hail, or fines. 
 The lioii-e-> tlieii (K^ired the oaths ot alle^naiiec ami 
 ^lijjri'in.iev iiii^ht he sii])pi\'-,-<c(K ;i!i(l the \\\\) lollowiii^ 
 taken ui their stead : " I ,/. I', do -^lIleerely protnise 
 and -ueai-, tliat I will he tan iitid and hear true alleu:ianco 
 to ihur inair-tics ki:iL:" \\ illiani and Oneen Alarv ; so 
 hel[j ine ( iod." " I ./. />. do s\\ I'ar, that I do trom my 
 ln' art abhor, dett'st, anil abjnre a^ impious and heretical, 
 iliat damnahir doctrnif and po-ition, ' that prniees e\- 
 ( ounnnnicated or ('..prated 1)\ the'pope or any autho- 
 ' latv of the See ol lioine, in.iv lie deposed cjr murdc-red 
 h\ their -^n'Mect^ or an\' other what-^oever :' and I do 
 dcrlarc, tiiat no T rriLiai prince, per>on, pri-jate, or state, 
 hath or oii-ht to liave .mv iuri-<liclion, pt)\ser, -^uijeri- 
 ():!t\-, [)!-c-cniuieii'-e. or autiiont\- ei'ele-ia.>,tieal orc:i\il, 
 w'.tlmi thi> realm; ^o help ineCiod." 
 
 'ihe da\s follow iiii:, the houses beiiiLC ;id)t)nrned for 
 .>ome time, ueia; taken up m eoneaatulat ion> to the 
 }u\\ kiiii:, \w!io^e number^, on thi> occasion, were un- 
 speakabu- , m nainn.L! ami swearm;^- a new privy-councd ; 
 bv whose a(h ice, his majt'sty l)eLian tirst with appomt- 
 \n'^ the ij;real (dhcers ot the court ami the kingdom , 
 \'. hik' the <^M-anil expectation was, who would have tlic 
 preterence, 1 lallitax nr Danby. The latti'r certain!) 
 'toned til be ! iftl-trea -urcr ; but tlu' tormer a-isured nie.
 
 390 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 he was disappointed, and obliged to take up with the 
 presidency of the council; a place of great honouiiand 
 credit, but very sinall profit ; while Hallifax liirnself was 
 made lord privy seal, of his own choice , an ofilce of 
 great trust, and worth full three thousand pounds a 
 year. Before this was publicly known, his lordship iold 
 me Danby was down in the mouth, and would not 
 suffer his neighbours to be a little quiet about him, 
 and that for his own part, as they yet stood seemingly 
 fair together, he would give him no just occ;isiun of 
 offence. 
 
 The king being thus seated in the throne, the great 
 business was to procure such a parliament as would 
 confirm what the convention had done ; and because a 
 iiew election might carry some hazard with it, or, as 
 was pretended^ might be the loss of time, when the 
 exigencies of the state required such immediate dis- 
 patch ; it was, after gr-eat disputes between the lawyers, 
 as to the legality of the thing, and warm debates in both 
 houses, ag*eed that the convention should be converted 
 into a parliament which was accordingly done on the 
 23d, by a bill framed for that jmrpose ; which having 
 first passed the house of lords, was transmitted dowii 
 to the commons ; who having passed the same, it was 
 at length offered to the royal assent, which was granted 
 of course, 
 
 x\nd thus was a parliament obtained ; after an ex- 
 traordinary manner, it must be confessed ; but being 
 thus constituted, they proceeded to prepare several bills, 
 and particularly one for a comprehension, and another 
 for the toleration of protestanL dissenters ; which be- 
 ing moved by Lord Nottingham in the house of peers 
 on the 28th, was seconded by some bishoj)s, Uiough
 
 SIR JOHN Ki:in>II\'. ;;oi 
 
 .nore out of tc;ir tli;m uir!in;Uion ; :uk1 a tliiivi for llu 
 lai-iiiti; c)f 4(K),CH>') pouiuU In' a tax upon lau'l. 
 
 And now Lord Arrau, who liad bci-n a liltk- before 
 a.->ault('d in Leicester- ticlds h\ ci^;ht rurtiaiH, ixv.d 
 iiad, at a nicctui;::; ot t!ie Scotch nobihty in London, 
 proposed torec.ill Kiu^ Janie-, wa.'^ ccjuiinitled prisoner 
 to the Tower; aiul niMi\ of the same nobiht\ being 
 on the ])o\\\t ot >cttinL;' lorwai 1 lor the convention 
 HI tiieir killed'),-;), wi-rc >to[)ped. 'ld;c saine d:i\ 1 
 (Hned witli the l,>i!' ot l)anb\, who treated ine with 
 more mtim;::', and irecdoni tii.iii I opt'Ctcd ; 'n!> 
 lordship said he had madic a i.u^- rt:i;'Mt of me to the 
 kin^-, wh.en he g^i'-'e hiin an acco;mt of the surpri-al 
 of ^'ork ; but I found him extremely cooled uuh re- 
 gard to aflai's, as now m;."a^-ed. He said, that bc- 
 iuL^ embarked w ith his all, !ie \va- -orrv to see thm^i's 
 >i) b'ller coiidui ted ; that Ireiandt Nv.i-, m a maimer 
 bee'oiiic imaucihle, b-. our n- -'k ''t of ser.'lmL!- force-, thi- 
 ther before no\v ; that wit! re-ard to f!.;-, ai.vl otjua 
 mutei'ial p^jiiit-, ('(pciils mdieeJ.ed, he h id been p:e--s- 
 in^^ with the kmj lo a (K'p;ri'e ma-;' ot m. r.-fclv ; thai 
 tie had told h:^ m.'.ie>t'., he ph:ii;'\' <avv lu' did al! he 
 (ni'd to cnceiira'je th'- pre^l,\tenaiis and to ch^- 
 hi'artcMi the clmri h, wliith could ii"t but be abso- 
 Inteiy pi"eiu(hcial both to hi:ii->ell ami the i:o\ern- 
 iiieiit ; though he at the -ame tim(' ob-er\'ed, that 
 liis majesty interfered but iittlt- in council^, bemg pre- 
 vented tli(;retrom i-artb. b\ incbiiatiM;), and partly by 
 ^vant ol iteaith. Indeed the king lookicl but id, and 
 the (bifhcadty he ];djouri d under in >\\:iliou mg. >teme 1 
 to foretell him a man o! shoia. c oiitmuanee m lbs 
 worhL lb;> lord-hi'p t-u'tber toKl u;e, he ha ! been ap- 
 noiiiled pre-id.eut of the council (] 'te agaiii-^l hi> ui'l.
 
 392 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 after the king had declared he could not give him 
 the staff of treasurer, determined, as he was, that 
 the treasury should be in the hands of commissioners ; 
 that he had been offered to be secretary of state and 
 president both at the same time, and that he had de- 
 clined the first; that all he had asked of the king for 
 himself, was a patent to which he had a right by a former 
 grant, and that he would also be pleased to gratify some 
 gentlemen who had, upon this revolution, joined him 
 in the north ; in fine, that the king had told him it 
 would be by no means for his interest to be out of all 
 business; and that he had, in a manner, forced the pre- 
 sidentship upon him. His lordship expressed himself 
 doubtful of the continuance of afliiirs, as they now 
 stood ; and informed me that King James had sent 
 down to him in the north, offering to throw himself 
 into his hands before he went away. To this, he said, 
 Iris answer was, by Charles Bertie, who brought the 
 message, that his own force, which he depended upon 
 in the north, was not sufficient to trust to; but that if 
 liis majesty would bring a considerable party with him, 
 and come without his papists, he would sooner lose his 
 life than lie should suffer the least injury; but that the 
 king having no mmd to part with his l^omans, would 
 not comiC. His lordship then said, that if the king 
 would but quit his papists, it might possibly not be too 
 late yet for him. He then observed, that the Duke of 
 Gordon, a papist, and governor of Edinburgh -castle, 
 the only magazine m Scotland, who was lately ready 
 and willing to surrender it to any body, now held it out 
 obstinately for King James; and that the discontents 
 in England grew greater daily and greater. He then re- 
 flected on Lord Hallifax, the king, and all about him,
 
 >1K .loii.N in:in>nv 
 
 o < 
 
 i\> ino-^t strangeK inlatuatcd wiih notions uf ilu-ir nun 
 Mciint\; aiul particularly aninia(Kfrl(.'tl mi th<- l:ist - 
 nj(.'nti()iic(l lord for iii^i>tiiiL: uiili such vioK-iirc, m ;i 
 spi'ccli of his, that the prince should In- intitlcd l^^at 
 and riu-litful kiuLi' ot" this realm, (which I sup;);)>v: the 
 Lord I I:illil'a\ did uilh a view ol cont niuii!:; the old 
 o:\{\\> ot alle_;j;iauce and snprcniacv, and to ohviate all 
 scr;i])Ie ahout takmu; tlie new), >avinL:,-it \\a^ mere non- 
 sense , tt)r tliat, iiad the I'rmce ol \\';ile< been made 
 kintr, lu' could lUAcr iia\c hciMi dccMiicd our lawhil so- 
 \treiun win!e h> lathei' lived. Init \.:< !ord->hi[) i)C- 
 vt.thele^s appia'cd very serious and urixeiit ahout the 
 leL:a!it\ ot takmi: (he neu oath--, and condt-mned the 
 hi>iiop> tor llieir <(]ueann>hness in that re>peet, thou'jh 
 thev thfinsrhes had had so lar^e a hand in hniij:inLi; 
 .dxuil this oTcat and extraordimrA' chanL:;e; and tlu ri'- 
 1,1 'Ml (juoted L(ir>l Nottm'jham'-- --jH'eeli, who, in tlu- 
 h"U>e ot ioid> had oh^erve 1, that thoii-h lu' had never 
 in the i<,'a-.i coiix-iited to thi> re\ i enti' )n, hut had with 
 ad hiv nii^:^iit iip;;o-cd tl<' pi'iuce's ac<'ess!o:i, as eon- 
 iiar\ \'' law ; '.! sinee hi- ii!^^hne-> wa^ here, and we 
 )!Ui--t o^-.*.- Dur protection to li.m a- km^" <:' /':( fo, he 
 t In ''li:' ;t It hilt Jii-t and leLi,al to -\\ eai' allcLi-ianc-e to him. 
 I ha\e he<-n the mo-T rxact in the particalars ot" this 
 < MO ri -,it ; 111, t( > gi\e the oettt'r in^ijht into the thouj:hts 
 't I In: ijrea'ot mill upon lhi> occasion ; thouuii I won- 
 Cii^red hi-- luddiip would \entui-e to he >o \er\- undi>- 
 :jtr.-ed \\ith uie, hut ln' wa- ^ure I wanild not helray 
 !ii!U, lhou|j^^h i\r\\ ['> Ltu'il llallitax. 
 
 dTie \erv -^anie ^a\\ alter stwer al attempts of the 
 Mirt. the Maiijuis ot I lallifax:, now a^-ain lord ])ri\v- 
 -eal, pM'--ented nie to ihekuiL:, ha\inLC helMic i\Hpie->ted 
 
 "1 tli.il a NajuiiLj- "-oil ot mine iniL^liL ha\e mv eoni[)aiu',
 
 391 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 and that he might be excused from duty a year or two. 
 on account of his education ; but his majesty thought 
 it an ill precedentj and would give no ear to it. Having 
 kissed his hand, I told him I had had the honour of a 
 trust upon me from the late king to the very last, having 
 been a stranger to his designs till I saw them in execution, 
 and that I could not then, in honour or justice, com- 
 ply with them ; but that I was a firm protestant, and 
 had upon that account been a sufferer in my estate j 
 concluding, that I should be strictly faithful to my duty 
 wheresoever I served. My Lord Hallifax then desired 
 I might keep my company without paying any atten- 
 dance, to which I subjoined, ^' If you have resolved to 
 take away my two governments of York and Burlington, 
 I hope you will not expect I should wait on a single 
 company." His majesty said, " No ; he did not expect, 
 attendance from me." Which was all that passed. 
 
 On the 1st of March, I was told by a lady whom 
 King James had trusted with some seals and jewels, 
 that his majesty had written her word to put them into 
 the hands of a certain j)erson he sent for them. She 
 shewed me the letter, which was dated the 17th of 
 February, new-stile; whereby I understood that he was 
 to set out for Ireland as the very next day, anil that he 
 depended upon his old fiieiids to asj^istliini in his cause. 
 This lady told mc the French King had supplied him 
 with a great treasure of money, and OOOO Swiss pro- 
 testants : that he intended to go through Ireland for 
 Scotland, there to call a parliament, instead of the pro- 
 posed convention; and that thence he would march 
 into England, and put himself entirely into the liand?: 
 of the protestant interest. She added, tliat as .-lie had 
 a friendship for the lord priw-seal, she had a mind to
 
 sij{ ,K)ir\ Rr.in>in 
 
 .?<);; 
 
 tiisciosc horscir to liiiii, il with ;iii> safety she rnit;lit do 
 >o. I toltl lier J would speak to his loi(lshi|) thai very 
 niLrhl, atid let her kiunv farthv'r. 
 
 Ilaviiiti; ^Mi o',)portuuily of speakiiip; to him nccord- 
 itiglv, I failed r.ot to he as gootl a> my word; thouLi;h 
 1 imist own, itie topic heirif; ol '^o nice and tendei' a ^ort, 
 r diti it with great e;iiition. Ihnvcver, I gave hiiii 
 plaiulv to uiuler>ta;ul, tliat liie chief motive which in- 
 duced the lad\ Ki doire a meetinLT ^^ iiii him, was t ; 
 i!ii;ai-t to Ii.iii w hat mi^^ht. be fiM- lii> own 'j:;ood, and tlu, 
 ;-!.; vice of the p..h1ie. Hereupon he hegan to oe mor- 
 fn-e and ojun wnh nu t'; n he had hitherto heiMi, on. 
 tin- chapter; ;nnl I told him. in g'/iieia!, iha! gi'eat (!'"- 
 signs Wert' on foot: he --ail he helie\ed il, an<l thai 
 though men seemed to he Ick' the pie-^cmt interest, a- 
 nio-l pieva'ient, it wa.^ not altogetlicr (hscret't to ven- 
 ture; t('0 lar : tiiat A mailer,-, realK' '.>.ei'e- a> I had said, 
 it was lull saic to CA-v\ \l hiir '.sil!i the f m l!ie o[)j)o- 
 .-ilion, and to iel -inn''' pi'oj le know h'.' ->pijke a!\K;i';. - 
 .\iih !:r^ at i-espi c t if King Janu^; thai if' ^^(' came to 
 :)\i^'^-. it Uu< uncrtaiu who would siiike h.artlot; ami 
 'hal he -hould he' glad to meei the iady a' my house, 
 wiiccevcr >he pleased. \l\it lll^ li u'd-iiip, luiw^vcr, >aid 
 all inriguKihlc care wuuid he taken to w;!rd ofh an)' flan- 
 ger that nnglit threa.ten ut that an atany of .!i),(K)(> 
 men would \)c pa-esently rai-,..(l , that all SLi->picious j^er- 
 a/ii^ would he >( cured, tin p^arliainent intending to 
 n\est the king with a |)ower to impii^on whom he 
 pleased, and to keej) them in safe ciistod) till thev came 
 to a trial ; and in fiiu', that the j)arliament would mo>t 
 ]>Uaitifui!v furnish t!.' k'ng tor the prosecutujn of the 
 war. .\l ilii> time sevt-ral lor Is and gentlemen of In^tli 
 h'Mises withdrew to their several connlnes ; and I was
 
 396 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 told that some vvlio were outwardly great friends to the 
 present government, were treating for terms on the 
 other side; which I communicated to hislordship, and 
 particularly made mention of some he little suspected. 
 Whereupon his lordship said, that if King James was 
 actually driving on at the rate reported, the papists 
 would certainly contrive some how or other to assas- 
 sinate or kill King William, well knowing what a task it 
 would he to defend the crown on the head of a woman ; 
 with much more to the same effect. 
 
 I waited on Lord Belassis, first commissioner of the 
 treasury under the late king; who told me^ that though 
 he was himself a papist, he had been quite averse to the 
 measures which iiad been taken to promote the catholic 
 religion ; but that his council never had weight, the warm-, 
 ones having insinuated to the king that it came from a 
 man old and timorous, who, having a great estate, did 
 not care to run any hazard of it. He then observed, 
 that as there was such a number of great men combined 
 in this revolt, it was almost im{)Ossible to think the 
 king, being a papist as he was, should ever again be 
 restored ; but that if he would but be a protestant, it 
 would certainly happen in a very short time. This 
 lord was very deservedly esteemed one of the wisest 
 men of his party. 
 
 Meanwhile, (March 3), the two houses were at some 
 stand about the taking of the new oaths. The com- 
 mons made scarce any scruple to swear ; but some of 
 the lords refused so to do, and a great number of bishops, 
 conceiving they could not lawfully comply, seeing they 
 had before engaged themselves under oaths to King 
 James; and even those who did comply, did it as a 
 local and temporary duty naturally resulting from the
 
 prolcctioii they Dwed to King W illiaiii aihl Oikcmi Marv. 
 I'iiis cl.iv Lord lla!lita\ iml the lady I jii-l n.-.v incn- 
 tioiit'd to haVL' rcccivfd a Irttri tioiii Kiiilt .f:!!iir> : ^h' 
 ik'alt \cry Iraiikly with Iniii, l)iit diir>t not tc!l liini ;;!'i 
 -lie knew. 1 lowrVtT, lu; dr-iird lu r to hr li;^ I: lend il 
 anv alttTatH'!! ofallairs shoiild !>\ a.ny Mlcan^ lu' h.'o'iLriit 
 to |>a>>. 
 
 Now tlic* two hoii-j^ li id, > 'tur <lav-> hi'loiT, \')tcdi(j 
 
 >lai\d l>v Kin^- William and (.^nci n M.;r\ uiili their 
 
 iivcs raid tortuiK'^ ; thr coinnion^ had c'lnij.lt U'd liic 
 
 hill to;- la\ mil:.' a t.i\ U|i,)n land, and di^iilHTatr ! 0:1 ; )lhia- 
 
 \\a\> I'tr lf\\:r._- oi nio:ir\' tor t;;.' (I'own, a-> v\a!l to 
 
 '..'a>c nuai, a> to >n]i|)lv l!u' I0--S ol ih at l)faii<;ii ol tnc 
 
 rrvtaiLic calk'd lii'art ii-na tnr\ , \'dr,i-!i t!u\ witc, h-, an 
 
 act for that purpose, taking cjuitf a\va\, a> ti-oah'.c,>o;;;j 
 
 to co'.iect, and oppri'-.-ivc m it> iKiturr , while th;' \c:\v^ 
 
 irreatlv and (;!ratl\' increa-cd, t!ia' kaig .lann.-> \'..i>a.;- 
 
 tua'.i'v 111 ha-I.ind, and thai S^ 'tiand \': .ild luil !.i,; to 
 
 I akc hi^ [;:;: t : u iuaafuia- ri)Min!>-.. .n^ 'a t.; c l;; w n 1 )..l lor 
 
 ilu- iMisini I ! 111. (I M)toi!,an,l twiiiiv -;i!':inj-> ,;d\ wih.'c 
 
 c.lli;.'.atl li (.\i.;-\ n,;;;: hat n a a il I .-t.ni'lm^- !:., c\\- 
 
 'oaiM-a'aiLat, .::i 1 I h' la^lt the col )! ,' I > v'.ir.'MK-l ot' 
 
 1 !.( n; :Ot,n 01 .,,...1;'\ .111 1 Li'; i;at n.It '.-:!, ir \va-> innoh 
 
 .ipj-ia li luh d : '1 aiM n i i ir 'j;-> v. ;, i \in\ he (a-ii, 
 
 c.d!c-^ :.d t-. . :;r ;. '!... 1 oaiah K;:,: had, Idr his 
 
 Indi (. .j.cd.t;. ai, liinad.tol iv .i.j Jaa.c^ \\:th a;-.jiia- 
 
 dr, n .a lin;!',:in i;a:n ot w .oa -;\ L'-mt ha.^ itr^, ;ni<l 
 
 thia o liia. -h;;i-, a.li WMi : laaiord and !;!!: , .i> .1'- > \. ah 
 
 a iuai I ! .::i H) J K H)'. ai ri'ad\ m- airv , an ! ^ ',1 x >< ) [a-tMU -. 
 
 a- a jaa'Mait lor In^p'okct, ' 'gi-lhc!' v\ ih jilaU , tia:I-, 
 
 aoiid a in i-t ro\al an^! ^p!-. ..!al >- prpa.jo. 1 (r .1^0-U.l 
 
 h:ai also with L'!,:ht e \pi f i; a'd .i - ; 'er-, oi,,: hun- 
 
 J'cd ol nitcrioi' laac, a .;aard ot o:a' ir.aiLli\:l b\^i-^, a
 
 39S MElMOIIlS OF 
 
 band of skilful pioneers, 15,000 of his own natural 
 subjects, arms for 40,000 men more, cannon and am- 
 munition in a great abundance, and over and above, 
 made him an offer of 15,000 of his French troops; but 
 King James excused himself upon this head, saying " he 
 would succeed by the help of his own subjects, or perish 
 iu the attempt." In the midst of this threatening 
 danger, Lord Hallifax told me the commons were still 
 bent upon pursuing him and Lord Danby ; and that 
 some of them had declared they would give no more 
 money till the king had dismissed them, and some other 
 of his officers; but, said his lordship, the king is not 
 to be wrought upon as they imagine ; he is very well 
 able to defend himself. They were angry with this no- 
 bleman for advising King Charles IL to take away the 
 charter of the city of London, and for opposing the bill 
 of exclusion. But I told him it was quite foolish for 
 men who had raised a new fabric, immediately to pull 
 down the main support of it. Flis lordship said he 
 was very little solicitous whether they succeeded in 
 their attempt or not, and that it would be no great 
 mortification to him if he did surrender his place. His 
 lordship then begged of me to endeavour a reconciliation 
 between him and a lady I had formerly brought to bAm 
 about some business wherein she thought herself ill 
 used; for that she had a good interest with King James. 
 There seemed now to be great discontents ar.iong all 
 sorts of men ; affairs looked somewhat ernbroile'I , and 
 on the 13th of March I heard Lord Privy ..Seal say, that 
 in the posture the nation now stood, the King (Jair s) 
 if but a protestant, could not be kept out four mont'is; 
 nay, Lord JJaaby went farther, and averred, th.it if <e 
 would but give us satisfaction as to our religion, as he
 
 '{]{ JOHN Rriirsiiv 
 
 ,300 
 
 cSilv nii^"]a, It would bf very li.iid to make head against 
 iniii: ^^a)Hlgs which I thouuht \vr\ exlraurtlina: v ti> 
 fa!i iroi'i Mich L;icat men, andot the Liine^ loo. A few 
 vlays afterward^, (on the I7lh), Lnrci Dmihartoir^ re- 
 i^inieiU, which he had loiiij; -nice hrouj^dit out ot IVancc, 
 and wa> now ([uartered at Ipswich,, hemLi; all Scotch, 
 and e;in->i-t!n.; ot 1 i(H) iiitn, cho->e rathei' U) march ott 
 ni a body with their arm^ and fonr j-ieco (^1 cannon, 
 t'>\vaviis Scotland, than obey oi-cKts, wiiich were to ein- 
 fiark and sail lor Holland. I^ord Priv\-Seal doing: nif 
 the hon;nr ot" a v:>it this daw told me the kinij; had sent 
 two regiment> of Dutch hursc, and one of dragoons, 
 .it'ter tiiun; that it the Scotch regiment had done tin-. 
 ^\i'Ji(nit confederacy, they were all Icxt , but that it" any 
 otlicr of our forces were in tlic secret, and under en- 
 .:iagem'-nt to join and support them, there miiilit be 
 'langcr in the thuig. I now perceived his lordship lu be 
 .cr\ unca-\ that l)anh\, under pretenct^ ot illness, so 
 luch a!i-i;nleil lum-elt trcun busine>- , and very much dis- 
 i'lea-ed tha* s,.:iu', wvy htlle cjualified, iiad so won(k'r- 
 tu!l\, by iii> Mi'Mii-. g')t Mit(j poits ot C( lM^e(|uence ; and 
 ;, '.rtu'ii!:u h- lu.it l-'U\| W 'l!ou_'lib\, a \ti"',' voung man, 
 '!.(. .[.iilc .1 -(i.iligc! to hl;^;llt'^s, --hould be the chan- 
 'ello!" 01 !.!!(. I x(.tiC>]Ucr. I Ic'.vl in- iMfdi^hip, I W(.n- 
 dered nnu n Mioo- that Lord Mordauiil. who nc\"cr -a\^ 
 .1 huniiia.'i JMiund- ligclhcr'it hi> own, should pretend 
 t' he th-. tu-t commissioner (jf the irea-urv ; I then 
 ieallur) trLcIv \utli him a-, to t lie apj)arcnt tinciM'taint ', 
 ot t!;e Limes; deMred hiin to be cautiou- ,nid circum- 
 spect, and assured him I wished hi- salel\ and hi^ ta- 
 .ti:iy'.->. as muc:'n a.s my own. His loid-iup then oh-crv cd, 
 '.niong ulher things, that the kini; u-ecl no .uN ; to 
 . iiicli I replied, " that, m tu)' opin on. s(;i;;e aiK were-
 
 400 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 necessary in our government." '^ I think so too," said 
 be ; *' we act a little too plainly." I acquainted his 
 lordship with some particulars which caused a mur- 
 muring in the town, and of some which caused the 
 same in the country ; whereupon he said, ' Come, Sir 
 John; we have wives and children, we must consider 
 them, and not venture too far," Fie then proceeded 
 to intimate, that if a change should happen, there would 
 be a general pardon ; though, said he, " I hear there 
 is one which creeps up and down, wherein I am ex- 
 cepted, but (said he) as you know I gave you seme 
 oblique hints of what was likely to be brought about, 
 (though so obscure that I must own I did not take 
 them), so you must let me know what you hear on the 
 other side," And indeed I loved liim so well, that I 
 was always ready enough to communicate to him what- 
 ever I heard, re'ating eitlscr to the public or his own 
 private service, provided I did thereby no prejudice to 
 any particular person, or incurred the guilt of betray- 
 ing what was toid me in pure confidence. 
 
 On the '22d, the lord privy- seal told me the rebels 
 (meaning the Scotch regiment) liad submitted them- 
 selves to the king's mercy; that their officers would 
 have persuaded them to fight, tliough the Dutch were 
 four times their number; and that they were in con- 
 federacy with others, who, as it happened, did not dare 
 to lift up their heads. His lordship continued, that 
 there were now great hopes of Scotland; and indeed 
 the kirk party, which declared for King William, was 
 by much the strongest there. King James appeared too 
 late in Ireland; but he had this to plead, the winds 
 would not permit him to stir out of Brest sooner than 
 he did, l^lie church of England was now furiously
 
 s(!{ JOHN Ki:ui:'^!5\ 
 
 i')i 
 
 (lr';\i'ii ;it h\ s():iir Ml Ifiih hou-c-; K;iiu:\\ ;!',:, ud l).:-;ng 
 svr!nin^'\ a ixriMicr iru'u 1 to '^^ ',il\ ii);>n). In tlit ii()ii>c 
 ot ioi\U il w.i-> >lruni:"i\ (IchahHl on the i ! 1, :m I ('arli- 
 ciiI.irK In tlu'loiil })n\\ -seal, (uliich lc)>t liiin ^o'lic ( ro 
 iliU. that t!i'' rci-cjjt'DU ot the Sarr.imcr.l >lio',i!.l h-.- ii'* 
 lo'i-'': a part ol thr tc'>t. as rfjuirrd !)v t'.u.' -tatnti- of 
 ('haia '- II.; aiih lithe hou^c- ot c-ominou^ it was si i lily 
 cuiuriiUHh that thr kni^- in his coronation oath >honKl 
 ui't part uuhnU !)in(l hini-fU to tin.' (.luirch ot J"nL:lan I 
 a- h\ !aA i-st.ih;i>h(\l ; i)'.il hoth the-c [.o;nt> hciiiL:; car- 
 rich in tavonrol the chn-rh, c\inc(,;h iicr intercut to h,; 
 ->troii^Tr than aii\ otlirr in arh.anicnt, anil wou'.il. as 
 it \\a> thoii^ht, iihlurc the kin^;: to cor.rt lua- a lilllc 
 more than he hah di )ne. 
 
 The allairs ol all Jhirope were now sceniinuK' at :\ 
 staiih. thoiiL^h prei)a:alion> were evcry-w here making- 
 loi- wa!'; I'ne e;npii\- wa-- mn^terinLT np all her c|n(jt;i-> 
 auMin-t Trance on the one hanh, an 1 the Turk on the 
 other; S'pa '1 h,-lra\e(l a ui!hniiaie-s to -ale with the 
 einpeior; b\".e'len. Iliiiiand, ..lul I'ai'ilaii;!, wi're iwulv 
 to ho l.!ie -anie ; wliile Driiniark M'cnich to he lived to 
 a iienfra !tv. lH'- jape wa- -lih n; aii-'cr vsitli I'rance, 
 ihoii^ii -lie dbl .ill -ill- ( Hihl tonV'i!:t\ hnn, ja'ctcndme; 
 to hlow u'p ill" lla'iie- ot a r:-hj,-ion> war; hnt ihi- was 
 not to >ej"ve the pn!'|!o-e at pre-ent, h;> holine-s iJunk- 
 11111 the Kinj; ol IVaaice wa- _L:;ro\\ii loo hij; tor his 
 nci^iih onr-, and that tlieia-li)re ri'^^^;;,-,! wa- to hi \::<..\ 
 chiel!\ no\\ ioi- hi- l- nr i M-ai-- ; the ciinriii '.'.a- o.a ot 
 llie '|ne-t" 111, the worid v\:is now u-pa aaiio-t , ae.id. i.\)i\- 
 <iaiaiec \v-,i, pu-;lla!!ne;i '. and indolenei,', ,:ceor> j;.!; to 
 thT.ii I'A 11 aail a\i e.', I d ina.Min- ol t"''- Koni.ii r:\rd. 
 
 1 1 iiaji; .!i-d tic- da\ , M,.:a ii .!-^). t:ia! I !:., 1 \\ ,f h t !; 
 Ihdiop ot' St. 1) e..a'-. . ,.' a-ked il' 1 "!' .iLp.l ' ' '
 
 402 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 safely take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy; he 
 being one of the prelates that had hitherto stood out, 
 and were now cited to appear before the house of lords, 
 I told him it were fittest for me to be advised by him 
 in such a case, and that certainly his own conscience 
 could not but dictate to him right: but I found he was 
 already resolved, and accordingly he went the next day 
 and complied. Meanwhile the archbishop was obsti- 
 nate in his refusal, and would not so much as repair to 
 the house of lords, disavowing the authority either of 
 the king or the parliament. The lords sent his grace 
 a letter, admonishing him to come to the house; but 
 he wrote to excuse himself, by an answer directed, not 
 to the lord privy-seal, or the speaker of the house of 
 lords, but to the Lord Marquis of HalHfax. The house 
 voted this answer to be not satisfactory, but thought it 
 nnadvisable to pursue the point too far, sensible of the 
 ill blood that had been set on float, by the late severity 
 of usage towards the episcopal order. A day or two 
 afterwards, the church of England carried a second 
 vote in the house of commons, and indeed it was high 
 time for her sons to exert themselves, the dissenters 
 having not only prevailed that the oaths meant for her 
 security, some prayers in the liturgy, and certain cere- 
 monies should be altered or dispensed with ; but a mo- 
 tion had likewise been made that there might be some 
 alteration in the very creed. In a few days afterwards, 
 a very extraordinary debate arose in both houses, be- 
 tween the dissenters and the members of the church; 
 the former pushing their act of comprehension and to- 
 leration farther than the latter were willing it should go. 
 The)/ were almost equally matched, and sometimes one 
 carried a vote in both houses^ and sometimes the other.
 
 SIK .fOUX IJKRL^liV. 
 
 10.3 
 
 Oil the l>t(>f April, a p.uiiibcr of rrL"!nivnt>, lliO'iph 
 man\ ot them were unarmed, unclothed, and iii want 
 uf nay to cK-ar oil" tlu'ir c|uarler>, were ordered to K.areli 
 iiorihward ; it beiiiix pa^t all doubt that Kiii^ Janic^ was 
 now ill Irelaiul, and intended lor Scotland, though the 
 kirk [)art\ in the convention ol that kin^rdom Wi-vc (or 
 opposinii; him. Money was at tin-; tiinc very -earce at 
 court, ami \ct great preparations were dadv makmi^ for 
 tlu' coronation ot Kinj- \\ ilii.im and Oucuu Mar\-. lUit 
 thouu-li necc'-saries were ecrtainl) wanting; lor liie armv, 
 tin- court and the due ^up[)ort ot the go', ernment, it was 
 not that the parliament was ha(,^k\\ard m iiivinir, but 
 the moni'v could not l)e raised soon enough, the (-itv 
 reluming to atlvance any money upon the acts that were 
 j)assed ; tor great discontents were visible to c\ery eye ; 
 which seemed r;itlier to inerea'^e daily than to dimini->h. 
 A levy t!.i\s allerw ards, (Aj)ril 7), I s^i^v Lord Pri\y- 
 Seal, who told me t;;.;t li the church of Mnglaml was a 
 suflerer, she might thank hcrselt tor it, hc-r pretences 
 being tot) large; that the commons were ^o ^low in 
 their proceediiiL!'-, tluit it looked as it" they thought the 
 whole world w,.s ('(JiitiiU'dto We-^tmin ter ; that the 
 kmL;- al^o w,:S verv ililatory, to the great Inndrance ol 
 businc'--', though d.^patch could at no imi lie ever 
 more recpiircd ; hi> lord-iii[) continued, that there was 
 a necessity tor acting \'.'.th so many tools; that tluy 
 alone urreui^e \\liv> had nothing to do ; am! m >rci i\ er, 
 that he had heard there were some Iri^h laU'lc'.! in .^e>)t- 
 laud; that S -otLmd, however, won' 1 gcw' t'.iem buL a 
 coo! reception ; that King James h,id notliuigto iK - 
 jxaid on here bu; the' arm\ , w hu;h wo'.ild be >o d'-; o-ed 
 ol a^ to l)c; unable ttj do anv thing lor Inm; e.M 1 tie.: 
 ii he canie not vcv --oon. he woul 
 
 )e di-a[M' ^:iited ot
 
 404 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 this his only hope: he concurred with me, that the Earl 
 of Danby had procured the government of Hull as a 
 place of retreat, where he might make his own terms in 
 case of a change of the times; and assured me he was 
 more afraid of the consequences of King William's 
 cough, which increased upon him with great violence, 
 than of any thing else. I must confess I, upon this 
 occasion, temporised a little, it being neither safe nor 
 prudent to be too open with a privy-counsellor, and so 
 great a minister, especially as I had been guilty of 
 freedoms with his lordship to little or no purpose ; 
 though whenever he asked me my opinion, I never 
 failed to deal uprightly with him. 
 
 But now let us take a view of the coronation of our 
 new king and queen ; a splendid sight as usual, which 
 took place on the 11th of April, iSSQ: the procession 
 to the Abbey was quite regular, though not so complete 
 in the number of nobility, as at the two last solemnities 
 of the same kind. Particular care was had of the house 
 of commons, who had a part prepared for them to sit 
 in, both in the church and in the hall. They had 
 tables spread for them at the banquet, to which I, 
 among other friends, had the honour of being admitted, 
 as well as to be with them throughout the whole of the 
 show ; so that I had a very fair opportunity of seeing 
 all that past. The Bishop of London crowned them 
 both, assisted by the Bishop of Salisbury, the late Doc- 
 tor Burnet, who preached the sermon ; and two others- 
 A few days afterward, being with Lord Privy-Seal, the 
 Bishop of Salisbury came in, and complained heavily of 
 the slow j)roceedings of the house of commons ; say- 
 ing, the Dutch would clap up a peace with France, if 
 they did not mend their pace; and observed that the
 
 Ml{ JOHN IMM{r<llV. 
 
 4.0: 
 
 church of F^iiglaud w;i> in tlu' fau't, aiul cxpr-'sscd hiin- 
 scit" a< it he ihou^rlit they meant a k.inlhl(^^ i(j Kiwj^ 
 .fanicn h\' ihi'ir indhwd ot procedure. Lord Pr.'.^Scal 
 agreed with him in lii-^ sentiments, and added, that tlic 
 church people hated the Dutch, and h id rather turn 
 j)api'>ts th:ni recei\e the pre.shytenans amoni,^ them ; 
 but that, on liie other hand, these were to tiie full a-, 
 rank and niveterate a(^;lin^t thost% and u\uld niarr all 
 their hu->incs>, hy their inachertence u iili regard to their 
 bill ot coniprehenMon, and their ill-tuning ot other 
 !)ill> ; 111 ^hiu't, that lhe\ would th>i:-u->t tho>e from 
 wh'Mii ihi'V Inuki-d t'lr indulgence. 'idu/\ \\i r. both 
 anLrr\ with the comuion^" ad(hH'->s to the kin;/ the djy 
 beloiT, doinn J,- him to su])[K;it a.nd defend ilie (diurch 
 ol I'-n^l;in(i aci'ording to h;> lormer deedaratitui, and tu 
 'ill ;i convocation ot the clerii\-, which the bishop said 
 would \:r thi; utter nun ot t!ie coinprelicusion .>cheme. 
 In tine, iiie ma'"j'i;.s took notu-e, that, at the rate we 
 proceeded, the g' '. eii'.nient cuuld not but be \ erv short- 
 lived. 
 
 King James \'.a-> all this while in Ii'eland ; tli(; con- 
 \ eiii p III ol S(': iikmd opi)o>:ng liim w :tli might and mam, 
 and du-laring tin- throne ot their kingdom to be v acant : 
 preseiitb. at'tcr we had advii'c that they had vote<J W'll- 
 ham and MaiA to be' king ami (jueen of Scotland, con- 
 verted tie ir convention into a parliament, and invited 
 the JaiLilish forces on their borders to come into llnar 
 king<loiii, tti be read\ to a>.- i>t them against Ivmg James 
 and Ills trit nds ; but at the -ame l;:ne, that thev had 
 prepart d certain coiubtiims, and (h'awn up a li>t ot 
 cert.nn grievances, for the king to redress and as-.mt 
 to; ;m 1 i)articularly that e[)isc(;pacv should no liMiger 
 have being mSotland, and that the king shoLild, with
 
 406 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 regard to them, embrace the presbyterlan persuasion. 
 The Duke of Gordon, however, still kept the castle of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 At home the parliament was taken up with raising 
 of money; and the commons addressed the king to 
 declare war with France, and promised hun all the 
 needful supplies. But great heats broke out between 
 the two houses about the oath-biil, the lords being 
 williug to excuse tlie bishc{)s, convinced that several of 
 them would forfeit their sees rather than comply ; 
 while the commons urged that no soul should be ex- 
 cused. But as widely as they for the present ditTered 
 about this, they concurred in the bill for the toleration 
 of all protcstant dissenters. On the '20th, the king 
 gave a favourable answer to the address which reminded 
 him of his promises to the church of England, and 
 moved him for a convocation. A day or two after he 
 returned answer to the commons' address, that he 
 would declare war with France; telling them he 
 complied with their request, and the rather, as the 
 French king had in a manner begun ; and assured them 
 that whatever money they gave, should be faithfully 
 applied to the desired effect. 
 
 About this time a very sad accident happened, which 
 for a while v^as the discourse of the whole town : Mr, 
 Temple, son to Sir William Temple, who had married 
 a French lady with 20,000 pistoles ; a sedate and ac- 
 complished young gentleman, who had lately by King 
 William been made secretary of war ; took a pair of 
 oars, and drawing near the bridge, leapt into the 
 Thames and drowned himself, leaving a note behind 
 him in the boat, to this efl'ect : *' My folly in under- 
 taking what I could not perform, whereby some mis-
 
 sill JOHN ni:in;>i}v. 
 
 107 
 
 lurtunes liave bcfalk-n the kiiiu^'s M-rvii''-, i> tlic caii^c cj!" 
 iiu j)iittiiig iii\>>rll to this suldrii ciiJ : 1 \' i->!i liini 
 Miccc-'- 111 all his iiiidiitakin^r^^ and a httlcr .slt\ .nit." 
 A daiiL^eruus ihnin; it i-. for ^uinc coii-titntiuiis to Lii'.c 
 wa\' to tliscontciit, and nnaginary notion : hut, not to 
 dii^ro.>-> on tlll^ iiR-!aiudu)!\" suhi'-ct ; tin- pai hi anient pro- 
 ceeded to rai>c nione\ , hut U[)on terni>, ;ii;d pcr>oii-, 
 tliat gave ^ri at (l>->ali-^taetK)n. The j)oil Uci> (juite 
 strict, ^cMice a >oul hnn:.'; exempted thri'ch'om, huL 
 oueh as rcecivi d alMi> . ihi^ lK)n>e eon-5i.ntinir to a tjrant 
 uf ho K.'->-. than lour Jiiilhons tor i^)\]v \i ir oidw And 
 now r.ord Ihilid.'.K told nie that the Manjia^ ot" Caer- 
 jnartlun's re'l;ri'nu-nt into lhceountr\, hl^ jUTti-nces 
 to he >\ck, and, Jiis ^o seldom a[);)earinL; at court, 
 instilled frrsh iealou^ies of hini; that he liad heard he 
 -hculd ^a-. . thiiiL:- could not loii^; continue thu^ ; that 
 li!^ relaiior,-, an 1 Iriv luk v.erc very dar.:i-erou-' in their 
 di^cour-e, and t!i:i! I.v h.ui-e't ^^a^\erv open, that he 
 ujund th'.> Me\\ niariju;- leid no inin 1 to he iir.vard or 
 intimate with him ; th.it he -^uppo-ed li'-- lord.-iiij) miL;hl 
 nna,:ine he had 'm j't him at a distance Ironi the ti'ea- 
 Nurer"- -tad"; i'Ut that, imagine \v!i:!l lie \'.<!Uul, he did 
 not aho^'cthe!' dt -e^'o' u ; that, ol all men in l!u' woild, 
 i!ie hiiig ne\-er w oiiM h.n. e inve>ied liim w ilh that oliiee, 
 nor, indeed, wuli any otlur that wa^ v er\- con>;der;'.l)le, 
 .;^heue(U. i hud, M afijiiN h:;t held out ti!' Septemh^r. 
 lleriaip<in I .ie(jiia:!i'ed hi-> I. i:'d-'liip \'. ;th -oun u.-ri>unds 
 that made U ^-u-iu'cted lia' pre-ulrnl wa- di-c ntented. 
 lli.i loiaUli ji then ; mtmui'd, that i'<r h.-- o\"- n [tart he 
 lound the km::- \"ery well alievted l< -.ards hmi^eli , tha.; 
 his je.aiest) didc uwl only earrv il laU' to hun, p^'i-onalK, 
 lait that Iruiii third hands he had ii, thai ilie kiiit;
 
 408 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 used very kind expressions of him behin'l his back: for 
 that he gave him but very httle trouble either on aeconnt 
 of himself, or of other people, while the lord president 
 knew no end of his importunities. This urged me to 
 say, that I did not know what his lorc'ship might 
 thereby be a loser with the king, but that he gained 
 much with others I was certain j for that it was a com- 
 mon saying, no lord used his good offices for his coun- 
 trymen but the lord president; and this I observed, 
 because the lord privy seal, though otherwise very 
 kind and free with me, did not espouse my interest as 
 I expected he would. But his lordship farther told me, 
 that the king being so very inaccessible as he was, and 
 confining himself so to Hampton, v. hen there was such 
 absolute need of the most stirring action, was the de- 
 struction of all business. That he had desired his 
 majesty but to lie sometimes in town, and that his 
 answer was, it was not to be done except his lordship 
 desired to see him dead; which, said my lord, was a 
 very short ansv.-er. To conclude ; he proceeded to say, 
 that if the king survived this summer, which he thought 
 he fairly might, notwithstanding his consumptive dis- 
 order, or escaped the murderous hands oi the papists, 
 he doubted not but the government would stand firm, 
 though it devolved to tiie queen singly ; but that, how- 
 ever, the concern he had for his fatnily would naturally 
 tempt him to act with all the moderation that might be; 
 that uj)on this consideration it was he hni\ taken no 
 great or additional places, no new honours_, no blue 
 ribbon, as others had done. 
 
 The next day I was to go to Hampton-court, where 
 his lordship was to meet me, and present me to the
 
 ^111 JOHN ii::iM>ii\ 
 
 iii'> 
 
 [/\\]\X I'l-'torr I ut'iit into tlu^ rountrv. 1 In l)r;i-hii) i;'- 
 j.C'.'iii'd li;s promises to do (or rnr \.li;it in- ciul !. I)'.il 
 '>;iu!, it wouKl l)f l)ut (li-<'iTt ,' ui to Kt two t^v tlirci' 
 iiioiiths j);'.N^ ovcM--lu';ul, lKT>>rc 1 pn^-i-d in:itt r-. tif) 
 imicli, {o tlic (.'lul uc iniL;liL the ! fttiT m,'c \vii,;t wa^ 
 iikl'lv to !hh'()!11c ot lliiii^-. 
 
 r 1 V r 
 
 I'm-; Lfri ;it r:\^r ui t!u' Loi\l Mo! n i \or,i;is, willi 
 , '; < i-\ all in> on t!u' ihararti.-r ot tin' I .ai'i ol S i i; \ ! - 
 i )i;i). aaT ( Alricicil (fom tlio iiitroilcitoiA cliaMt'T of 
 t;iat truly ron-titit'oiia.! and wi'.iiahlc li!-toi-\ of \\\c 
 li;.^lil 1 Ion. Charles JaiiR'> I'ox, pauo K'. 
 
 ' I'lic prr^cciif.on ot I,or(l "^dratloi'd, or ratliiT the 
 niaiiiiieT ill \* h eh It was carnrd o;i, is I.-,-, jii^; iliahlr. 
 i Ir \'. a- <loi:hi!(>- a ixfcat (IchiKjuriit , and wrll dr>rrved 
 the -cver.'-t [Hini.dmu nl ; l)iit nolhiiiLr short oi ae'i.ai'ly 
 pr')Vcul ('a-^{M)t -ch-di'fcncc can iu-til\, or even i.'\(ai-c, 
 a d'-'partuT-c troin tiir sacred rules of 'i;in;;i,d iw-ia-'. 
 I'or It cm rarcl'. unleed happen, thai the nuM-Jin i to 
 be ,'!pj)reh( iid'-d, from suii",- ii;_r jn,,, erMiiiiial. how cr 
 vuiltv, to esea.pe, ran he <a] ia! t thai ri--ii!Li!i^ tro-n 
 tho v'olation ot th,o-e ru^s \ > \\ lurh tia- naio. ml o ^e 
 the ^.ruiit\ o| , li tliil i> lie,:'- [. l:i ue i; -ach |;avc 
 rxisledj Ihey ;iKbL have been ni ni.^:a:,ee-, \Miere iria!
 
 41D 
 
 has been wholly out of the question, as in that of Caesar 
 and other tyrants ; but when a man is once in a situation 
 to be tried, and his person in the power of his accusers 
 and his judges, he can no longer be formidable in that 
 degree which alone can justify (if any thing can) the 
 violations of the substantial rules of criminal proceed- 
 ings." 
 
 The following case speaks more than volumes, of his 
 lordship's tyrannical conduct in Ireland. The fifth 
 article of the charge of the commons assembled in par- 
 liament against the Earl, runs thus : 
 
 " That the Earl of Strafford did use and exercise a 
 power above, and against, and to the subversion of the 
 said fundamental laws and established government of 
 the said realm of Ireland j extending such his power 
 to the goods, freeholds, inheritances, liberties, and 
 lives of his Majesty's subjects of the said realm, and 
 namely, the said Earl of Strafford, the 12th day of De- 
 cember 1635, in the time of full peace, did in the said 
 realm of Ireland, give, and procure to be given against 
 the Lord Mount Norris, (then and yet a peer of the 
 said realm of Ireland, and then vice-treasurer and re- 
 ceiver-general of the realm of Ireland, and treasurer at 
 war, and one of the principal secretaries of state, and 
 keeper of the privy signet of the said kingdom), a sen- 
 tence of death, by a council of war called together by 
 the said Earl of Strafford, without any warrant or autho- 
 rity of law deserving any such punishment. And he the 
 said Earl did also at Dublin, within the said realm of 
 Ireland, in the month of March, in the 14th year of 
 his Majesty's reign, without any legal or due proceed- 
 ings or trial, give, and cause to be given, a sentence of 
 death against one other of his Majesty's subjects, whose
 
 41 1 
 
 iKinu' is yet. unknown, and caused him to be pnt to 
 dcatli in exceutioii of the same seiiti-nec. I h.it tht.' 
 said l/jrl of StratKird, uilhoul an\ K'l^al pruircdui^-^, 
 and ii])on a paper petition of Iviehard lioUton, didcau^c 
 the >aid Lord Mount Xorris to he (hssci/A'd, and j)Ut 
 out ot pn>>session ol his freehold and iuhentanrc ol Ins 
 manor of I'yrnore, in llic county of Armao:h, ni the 
 kin^do 1 ot Irchmd. the said Lonl Mount Norrl^ h;'.v- 
 in>;- ! L-en (.iirhti.en ^ear^ before in (juict possession 
 thereof;'
 
 412 
 
 Goxiernment of England and Ireland, and of the persons 
 who exercised it froyn 1654, where Sir John Rereshy^s 
 Travels begins to 1689, where his Memoirs end. 
 
 The chief governor of Ireland in 1654, was General 
 Fleetwood, who was succeeded in 1655 by Henry Cromwell, 
 son to the protector Oliver; he was succeeded in 1659 by 
 General Ludlow, John Jones, Mathew Tomlinson, Miles 
 Corbet, Esqrs. and Major Bury, as commissioners for the 
 parliament; who were succeeded in 1660 by Roger Boyle, 
 Lord Brogliill, Sir Charles Coote and Major Bury; who 
 were succeeded in 1660 by George Duke of Albemarle, who 
 was declared lord lieutenant, but did not go over ; John Lord 
 Ilobarts, declared lord deputy, but did not go over; he was 
 succeeded as lords justices of Ireland by Sir Maurice Eustace, 
 Sir Charles Coote, the Earl of Montrath, and Roger Earl of 
 Orrery; in 1661, as lords justices, Sir Maurice Eustace and 
 Roger Earl of Orrery; in 1662, as lord lieutenant, JamesDuke 
 ofOrmond; in 1664, as lord deputy, Thomas Earl of Ossory; 
 in 1665, as lord lieutenant, James Duke of Ormond ; in 1668, 
 as lord deputy, Thomas Earl of Ossory; in 1669, as lord lieu- 
 tenant, John Lord Robarts; he was succeeded in 1670 by Lord 
 Berkley of Stratton, who in 1671 was succeeded as lords jus- 
 tices by Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Dublin, and Sir Arthur 
 Forbes ; who were succeeded as lord lieutenant in 1671, by 
 John Lord Berkley of Sfratton; in 1672, by Arthur Capel, 
 Earl of Essex; who in 1675 was succeeded by the Archbishop 
 of Dublin and the Earl of Granard, as lords justices; who in 
 1676 were succeeded by the return of Arthur Earl of Essex; 
 in 1677, by James Duke of Ormond ; and in 1682, by the 
 Earl of Arran, as lord deputy ; in 1684, the Duke of Ormond 
 returned, and in 1685, he was succeeded by Henry Hyde, 
 second Earl of Clarendon ; in 1686 the Earl of Tyrconnel; in 
 1686, Sir A. Fitton and the Earlof Clanrickard, as lords jus- 
 tices in llic absence of Tyrconnel, who returned in 1687, and
 
 413 
 
 cnntiiiiud till the arrival of ihc kiii^' in |xr^()ll at Dublin in 
 
 The l!iii;jisli pct'ratriN crcati'd f)y ("Iiarl> > the Si'comI, t'rom 
 1')')') (( ItiSl, were dik- liiiiulrnl ami tucnt \ nine. I'lic 
 natural chiKlrt'ii ot'llic kiiitr that were d \ atrd to ihc ix'i'ra::. , 
 wtrc !.(, the Diilvc of M.)iiinimtli : .M, tin- Duke ot dial- 
 ton; 'JJ. I)nk<" of Norlliinuhcrlanil, cxti'ict in I 7 M) ; I ih. the 
 I!arl ot' l-*!\ mouth, ..^tinrt in h)^'; xji, thr i )nkr ot 1{ u h- 
 rnond ; 0!h, tin- Duke ol Soutliainpton, niciLTiHl into ihal ot" 
 ( 1 'Vclaiu! on tin- death ot' Iii> niolher, and Ijeianie extinct in 
 177:;; 7lh. the Duke ol'St. All) in's. 
 
 The peerai:es ereated b_v KiULr .lames the Sia'und, lV()ni 
 I'l^.) till hi> ;il)di(ati()n, were twi Ive. 
 
 I he Lord Stewards ot l!ni:land tioin the Restoration ; thij 
 Dukeot ()rino:!d, the llarlol t'lareiulon, lleneaL'e liiuh, 
 Lord I'lnch, ( 'li;iru'cllor .lelleries, and the L;ul ol Devon- 
 
 The 1,111(1 lliixh ('h;uu-ellor ;uiil Keep(>r of tlied'rrat "^eal 
 d aiiiiL;- 1 hr sanii- pel ioil . \sere, llidsl rode W hi!loek, I"mj .and 
 \\ dliain I.enlliall, Lsij. Keeper ot thed'reat S,'al lor ( edit 
 days. ( )rdered, Tliat W dliaie. I.enlliall, Sj)eaker ot' the I 'ar- 
 il iiueiit, hi', ;is he i, luai'liv noininatetl. coiisi it nlcd and ap- 
 pointed A f (/)'/ ot iIm' C; / ( (// ^/ (,.' ot the ( 'oiiinioiiwraltli ot 
 I .'iLrfind, loha\e. hold, e\t iiisc and . ;i |o_\ I he s ud i lliee 1.) 
 till' said \\ ilIeiMi I, .Ml hall, lioni ihi- lonrleenlh iIav o\ \1 ly, 
 I ' ,''. lor I l;e sp:u ! o! ci^ht {\a\ -. next en-'li:i_;", I'ld no h),i.:i i . 
 and thai in as lull, ample ;ind Iteiiern'ial niaiMa r to ;dl ni- 
 ti'ats ;nul purpo-e^. ;i-. ;iii\ Loid ( liaina!! m' ol l.nirland, 
 I .ord Ki'cpii r. or I .i ; 1 < 'onimi-^e \!': s m tl'c ( . real Seal n: > \ , 
 luiLdil, shoidd. or I ,):!;! to haw lield, e\er( im 1 oi < iino,, d 
 
 III. 
 
 pai^na-M !o tiu 
 
 I^. I IV T' 
 
 m/de. c ir(aiiiis( 1 ill d {oio v. i i ji r~, loe'. 'lie' I iil "I 
 Clar^-ndoii, ^a Hi ; i.ul , Hi i,!,. : i,;;i, t h, I . ii h f ^'s iT -! ei ly , 
 ^ir lieiira::o i ;:. ' . l.-rd ( .iiddloiJ. and ^a ( . >i_-.- .' 
 lia ie-. 
 
 | h. I.erd lliuh d'n a^as. > \'o re, ;'ir I, ail oi ( ' 
 .; !):' . ol MS.anaif , Ti. 'e; : ia..a < i,':-rd, :',- I al :
 
 414 
 
 ]);Hiby, tbe Earl of Essex, Hyde Earl of Rochester, Lord 
 Godolphin, and Lord Bellasyse. 
 
 The Lord Privy Seal in 1G60, Wm. Viscount Say and 
 Sole; John I-ord Robarts in 1669; Sir Edward Decring- and 
 other commissioners during the absence of Lord Robarts; in 
 1673, Arthur Annesley, Earl of Anglesey ; in 1682, George 
 Marquis of Ilallifiix; in 1685, Ilcnr}' Earl of Clarendon; 
 in 1686, Henry Lord Arundel of Wardour. 
 
 The Lord Chamberlains: tlie Earls of Manchester, St. 
 Alban'sj Mulgrave and Aylesbury. 
 
 The Ciroom of the Stole to Charles IL was John Earl of 
 Bath ; to James 11. Henry Earl of Peterborough.
 
 f\ i)i;\ 
 
 \\n-\ U" , 111 '^ .1 /' tl.ll.u, !' 
 
 \|-(01llll-, ( !; lIllll'T <.t'; .1 ..'Hit III ^.l!l^ Tl! I I ,1 1 . v.l. I II I .' Ill.tltrt- 
 
 a|i|ii ri.iNiiii.' 'ill ihf cmw ii, I '. 
 Aciiiii- Jiiliain;' - , t<>iiil) tn(lril |.i In- iiuniiirv in llu- iliuitli "l 
 *> iiiKi M.ii 1,1 a! I i.'l- 111 f. I'M III- lu.iM I A Ii l!:-- lakiii',: i t I'l^.i, ^ ;. 
 
 \liii -, llu- Il.lIlK ul ,111 llll|in>l III ri.lIlCf, ,' .. 
 
 \i:. 111. u (uiixiM il into till- .iji.ii tinriii- 111 t lie pal:;. - ..l' tin' ( i i,niil 
 
 D'il.r <,| I l(ii..|i( r, ^11; and lilt.) ill.- ii.Mi>v-, 111 1 1,1 1 \ in u'. lit i.l], ! '! 
 \iri.\v , 111 ^\'. it/. 1 1, Mill, ^' . 
 
 \llH'lli,tl Ir, ( It .'Ii;. Dukfol, \Mlll I ' I II u t U Ij j it 1 t i^.tlll- .ILlI'al Sa 
 
 ti.r\ "\ti the Diitt li, 1'.;). 
 
 AlbflluUlf, Dukf oj, lIKnlf UIIC <)t lllf I Olllllll-M.rllt !-< ul till- tn,a-ul^.. 
 
 17". 
 , ( liii-tniiliia, Duke i)t", .', Jl. 
 \lti!il,i, i.iii i.t tin \l|i- iiniunt.iiu-; tlif tr.i\ilicr-' iia->> ovor it ; tlifu 
 
 ilaUL.''!""!'-- li,l--.IL;f il'~l I llltil, I I . 
 
 \ii inaiiiii, an .nu n iil naiiif nt tlif (niinaii (itinilf ; iin|ioil tjf ihf 
 
 a[)[nll,iln.n, 1.1. 
 \1. -van. It I ill. iiHli'.MKiiit'.v set- lii^ to. it on tli-- in i k ol rrftitruk tin 
 
 t'n,|ni.ii, [itiNtiti. _' .it llic -aiiH' tinif .1 jM-sau'"' 111 tin- INaliii- !)\ 
 
 \\.t\ i.t ii|ii..,i.h to tilt fiisjn mr, '.(.: tin < in|itroi'- ri|>l\ to lii-' 
 
 jiojic, ,tiiil tilt |i.,|if^ n )..in(Ur, i.(.. 
 Aiji-, "it M 1 iptii.n ol tin li ,ivi lltr^' ^la^^aL; t.\tr soiiif ot tlio-c UDiin 
 
 t,iiii-, ;, 1 , . -. 
 
 Mt.ii, in t!if limit li ol I . \iininn ia'u> at I loiiiu a-, oi Ml.l^-\ -:1 
 
 \fi, - '. 
 \inlia--,nliii -, act "Hint ot tin 11 |.UihImI iiiti am 1 into ILint loil, !" 
 
 liif rifi t.oii ot lllf ( It nil, in rin[/t.ior, 1 JJ. 
 \iiib<)iM', .1 toititit.l |il.n( in I'lantf, (Ic>li ij.lu'ii i.t if, ._ 
 \iiiUi;l,itn \ |i,iili,niu ill. in li,iiUf, Iti. 
 
 NiiU'lu'ilit alif, liornan, llif it ,1-011 ot it- t iit uiar >li,i|it, ' 
 .Ani^li nlaiii, tit -i 1 ipti. n ot I li.it Io\mi, 1+1, 
 Am < iolf ot an old count .uul In- tlirtt -.ji;-, ' 
 XiiL'ti-', 111 1 i.iiu f, dt.-a 1 ijilioii .it , ,. I
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Angouleme, iii France, celebraferl for its castle, 30. 
 Ann, Princess, deserts her father, 370. 
 
 Anthony, Saint, >)ic1nres of his (pretended) miracles, preserved in 
 tiie church dedicated to hiui at Padua. His death and canoni' 
 zation, 6"]. 
 Curious reliques of that Saint, 6l. 
 
 Anthony (St.) of Padua, a church in Padua, description of if, 6l, 
 Antiquary, a stone gallery in the palace of the elector, at^Munken, 1 IL 
 Antwerp, description of that town, 146". 
 Appensol, one of the thirteen cantons of Switzerland, 44. 
 Apj)le, placed on the head of the child of William Tell, struck 
 
 therefrom by the father without injury to the child, 48. 
 Aqueducts, curious devices by means of them, in the gardens of Pra- 
 
 tolina, near Florence, .90. 
 Aretin, Peter, the obscene poet, his epitaph in St. Luke's church at 
 
 Venice, 69 ; taken away by the inquisitors. 69. 
 Anns of Johannes Acutus, in the church-whidow of Santa Marij 
 
 di Fiore, 84. 
 Armoury of the Great Duke of Florence described, S3. 
 Army of France, description of, 20. 
 Army, 10,000 foot, raised by parliament to oppose King Janic# 
 
 11. J.97. 
 Arno, Valley, account of its productions, .94, 
 Arran, Lord, assaulted in Leicestcr-lields by eight ruffians, 391. 
 Arsenal of Venice described, 69. 
 Arteliers, Notre Dame de ; a churcli at Suumur, celebraled for many 
 
 miraculous cures, 28. 
 Artillery, master of, in France, his office, 17. 
 Argvle, Earl of, 302. 
 
 Astride; ladies of quality ride so, at Lyons in France, 39. 
 Ashley, Lord, one of the commissioners of the treibnry, 170, 
 Angsbnrgh, description of that town, 1 16". 
 Aylesbury, Earl, 374. 
 
 P>accaract, a place in ( jermany so called ; derivation of the name, 1 'J.G. 
 
 Bagpiper, remarkable story of one, who during the plague, being 
 intoxicated, lay asleep in the street, and was taken up for dead^ 
 and placed among the bodies of several who had fallen victims to 
 tlic iufeclion, for inlerment, lOs.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 I''.i:li-t.i, .1 ,i,rt ot' iii.i liiih- ii-'(l l>\ \l' il.'in.iiii- I.>r < i-lm'.^ tl. ii 
 
 I I.M S 1 1; III ||. : w I .lUM- w il ii iiii :. (I: i!c \ i.n-:;\ , i ,' " . 
 I'.i .' ' . -. lu:u.',) 1,\ ih. -ln;l,:.,i' .t lli , \ h. ; i, r, I 7 . 
 
 ,i:< i,( ilih 1 I'.i.ii j'r iiK i;mI . :, ; . 
 
 i'.. M.ip!-, Ii )U |)i'i\ ni.-il till- 111 it .!\ , 1 , . 
 
 l").l/ll, <>!;r "t |!ir 1 i , ^ ; 1 c.-. i , Hit ll- <{ S\\ ,t /. : ,i:, , ; . . 
 
 r.r.tur..!!, Di.'k 1.1, : . 
 
 V.r l!-l i, J .:iM D.llx- ol, t, :.1M. II i: \ 1 ; .p. oUmI ..I 1,;, i;i ..;:, , ' 
 in ( )iir I. .'.'!. ^ iI:mi. Ii i' INmi' u. J. 
 
 P.< < ', ill' I l.l.i.lU It I 111 |iM .1 ( -1. l.'M I, 1 'fi. 
 
 I'm .i>l. I'U, 111 il,. f ,. ri'i.ui !..!:-, til j ill ill In njiw .ihI- mI' ,i \ xvA Ii >\;' 
 llir i.'intii,il, a ,1 11 l( :| l.\ I >t, p, : I . 
 
 Ill (i|lH , ( j I 111. _ 1 J 
 
 r>' l-'l.l, I'l' : Si:- l'\ \<:! I l| ( ,1 - 11 .1. -.11 i;,-. hill I.'M', I ,p |:'':i.-, I .1 . 
 
 I'" II, 'ii . II. Om' I ,.|v\ . Inn h i! il.'iiMi; 0- i!::.i.'ii- 
 
 i-M~, I... J, 
 
 A.r \'r'ii'' ''"^ ti..' t .-.i\i 111 ; - |';i-~ I. VI 111, . _ 
 im;-, .: _ i, l.-.i It ii i;i '.m-.;! \ liu) .Upmi 1i\ th'' \i|-i!!i,i.i >, 
 :, " I i , : . -. . i,i,r-i :r .'I , , : > ' i Iv ! i .; i : n;,' i \ ,it I I'l lit \ , 1 > 
 
 I -t,' I, , ,, _ , : " 
 
 I'l ic' . iMi Ml ;. Ill I ;i; .11- t ! ^.\ .! / : !.iii.l, : ; , 
 
 i:. .l^, M'. I," - ^ : .! v. KlK-'i i;i lii> It. II.' tu jl |v. 
 
 :i;.- . ' ; !i :.; ., ..: ' \\ !ti,. 
 
 i: ::. . I -i.t . -, I . 
 
 II ' ! . : ;; :i. . ' i . ii,. I il..'ii:;. -, ih 1' ,i , , ' . 
 
 I . ,. , . \t M> piilM! \ -III! \ |f|iri I II. _ ,.i;t , ' j . 
 
 r',. '..-, .'. I' ; t !!. .1 ;. .,\ II lu i 1 ii'i 1-. .1. ' I ij.I ''-II ..; ;i , ' ! 
 
 il. 1 , .. ..' -I in i I .|;i .-, i|. . !l|'I.'.i' ft' it, .' ;. 
 
 ni--.l. ; : '.. . t.t till ; win. ,ii i Mimti .1 .., iii I'r !!:.;, 
 
 r.. , 1 : '. .-t 1 .11 1 :.;U' i :i;i'l..\i i| !:i \ . iii. > , It '.ii^- . 
 
 1 i! .il . i!\, 
 
 t; ' ,1 ii.t i!
 
 INDEX. 
 
 liourges; Chailes the Scventli vi' i"r;inccj in mockery ^tykd ''King 
 
 of Bouiges," '^ )-. 
 Bouideaux, a cily (d France, actount of it, .31. 
 Braiulon, Lord, 3l.). 
 IJray, an Italian town, nuioli iiifv-lcd by robbers; severe conflict 
 
 uith the ba.iidiiti describe;!, .).}. 
 Bre-c'ia, an ancient city, bnilt by tbe daul--, d'-crijitioii of it, .)',). 
 Bridge, description of tlie celebrated one called iliaiLo, at Venice, 
 
 60 ; bridges erected in e\ery .street in Venice, O'J. 
 Britons, an observation of Tacitns respecting tliat people, 14. 
 I'rixen, the travellers arrive at that place, lOy. 
 Bronage, a fisbing-town in Trance, enlarged by Cardinal rachelicu 
 
 into a commodious liaven, 32. 
 l-runo, the founder of the order of the Chartcry, born at Cologne, 130. 
 Inusscls, description of that town, 14*. 
 ])uckinghani, first Duke of, worsted at the siege of Rochelle; ami 
 
 afterwards stabbed, 3,\ 
 ijuckingbani, second Duke of, bis ei'iUiity tu I.crd Clarendon, 17''. 
 disobliges the king (Charles 11.) and atteni)ts a mar- 
 riage with the dauijliler of the Lord Fairfax, Uil; 
 Sir John Reresbx's character of liini, ib. ; disgraced at 
 coiut, 17O; acts as jnime minister, il>.; his aversion 
 to business, and extravagant indulgen<-e of his plea- 
 sures, 171. 
 
 ~ again in di-graee, 177. 
 
 at the l)ar of the liou-e of jieers, for debauelnng Lat!'. 
 
 ^--i! lew -.bur;., in<l killing her ]<nd, 17^. 
 
 , hi.-; death, 3,i4. 
 
 r.'.irliii^lni!, Barl of, 3 i ,!. 
 I'lirnel, r>i hoj), .}M'. 
 
 ( .iImii fust broai lied hi- doctriiic at (iencva, 41, 
 
 C;inal Crande, the laim--t (anal in Venice, and over which stand: 
 
 the l)rid^e Riab<^; i;~ diiueiisioDs, ()3. 
 ( nilon-. ot S\\it/erlaii<l, ibtir names; bow governed; custom.- pc- 
 
 <nhar to some of thciii, 13; names of the eantctns of llatKi, 5V. 
 < ciniixah iiu\nii:;g of tl'f word, ()7 ; account of the bolemni/:atio;> 
 
 nt iuat h.dlov.ed : ! s( .i-on at Venice, ()7 ant! tS. 
 ( ,,i:i;. .'c (.1 iioud:, in Amice, done bv Uicaus ol boats, 03.
 
 IM)I.\. 
 
 ( .i-ll inaiiH', I.i'id, lii> t llill.^^-^ In i - |" j" , 
 
 CiiKiirif i.f Im ..u'.ii /.I, liii"\Mi 111 t<a> 'p\ t!i' '.ili t ; '... 
 Dm h. ~ c.r !'nii-iii..,it!i, ; ' '. 
 
 < .rll.|l>l., I.. mI. : 1. 
 
 C'.uilMii.iiA t'i\Mi>, III rr.iiicc, :;i.ii;tv 1 l.i llir C .il\ ;!ii-t^ liil -( >-'.i.I\ 
 
 111 ll;< < \C" IM nt' llicir II I'Ulnll. '.7. 
 
 ('fll ir, ill L.i,ii;.it\ , .1 ( I'll mm II imc, at /ui u li. i:i '^\v il .-i i !,;ii.l. Mi n '1 
 
 r. .: .1 (M I i\ i-iii!i- iM 'MM- I't >( ;uri!\ , ; -^ 
 
 ( . -,i i;,i;iIm ,-a , 111- riMi.ijili, - 1. 
 
 ' il-'i c, i.'hmI |i, ;M 1 1,1 |;u , m [ |. i;. ; |i|> <i|ll( i', 1 '- . 
 
 Cli.iliiii: i||-l,c>, I:iN i| w It il 1 :i l( li.tl, n-i il \>\ liir \Mi!lii lint' till- I.M\\ 
 
 (i>iuilih- 111:. I. I III' II p. iiii-.Mi-. to V-'\> llu iii~>l\i ^ wur.n .U 
 
 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i I , i ) ^ . 
 ( ll.lpt , lit' >!. I nVH IH I ,ll I |mI, ,11 r. .l.-M iHumI, s;. 
 
 ( Ii.iiuIh 1 111 r.'lii I, ,1 (I. ml I'l I'nii , m t ii i| i:i Lunii m' lln' i- 
 
 I Ulllril ( IiUItIh - III I'l. UK r, i I ; cii.-mlti < nt ,i< rum!'.-, ; ;, 
 (liaiuiiimnl I'laiu"'. Iii^ ili:^'mi\ aii'i utlu r, IT- 
 (' ir.miliic ilr I.I rnmiiillr, a ju.ii" lal i nv 1 1 i;i l\;i i-, II. 
 ( il.il...! lai I- at I'll 111 lire, nil 1 1 r li -ll\,il t ">I . .lullll, iliM ill). !, ^1 
 ( iiailt 111., _ I.I - ' I I'l. |i;i < I \ I ! 'M llii a. '11" III nt I'.il.i/.-i \ (I ( iiin, 
 
 ,:l I'll 11 lu I , 
 ( li.i: a - ihi I .!.', "I i i.uii I , 1.1- Miiiiicn ill ,ilii ,..l Xinln .:-c, J i. 
 
 ( il.: .( > I lir ( I .' . ill -Im li .;l |i 11 I irui.ll > 'I -|i'H ll'l_' llllll. ' I . 1 ' \ 
 ('li,:;It-, hii! Ill ruiM'liilv, ailrriinlc ir-ju rl i::'.: Ii: II. I'. 
 ( li.ii li - 1 1. I. -Imi, ,i tu i 1 I, 111 ill nil, 1 1> ! ; liiiiii> 111- I laiil al W iiil. 
 1 1,1 1 1 \'. nil 11! Ill I; 111.' ^nirufiH i\ I (! > 111(1 u' - ill- 111 1,1 ! i 
 |>:. ,i-.iu-, .mil .111, II ill - hiai ' H mm li ' . 'Ii< im -i \, /.'/. 
 iir ; I 1 1 n I s III- ijiii I a, tii' In, :J i nl I'm I ui;.il, mtn 
 1 ,11 : 1.1 1 I'l, lull 1 I'll una li '!> I ;, lilni \', nil in 1 , ! ii^. 
 .11 '|!i nil! I 'if jMi !i,m 1 i.t , il' \v .;- t '111 r. iiiii ,- i.i 'li I'' , i , 
 
 rl.trl- a, In .111 .llil.lia i ", "li ' 'ir I'll!. I III' < 'I ,11 . ' '< ", 
 
 !--' '> -' 
 
 111- iii.ia;;. r "I il: . i' ! i ?, a. tiiiif. .' ^ ^. 
 111- ill .nil, ,) : 
 ( 11 .111 1 \ . .Ill 111 ill nt' iiii'i.l. , ti anil li !i\ 1'' 'am , 
 
 u. ir lit ,lla>\\i 'I In 1 .'I I'' -il I ' I. 
 
 C il ill-. Ill I'l "iii'il. , .. . I' ' ! ', i'l null i\, 
 
 '.Ja. -I nt -1 . \iii II '1-, , 11 I. a 1 ill- , j i > : ' .r 
 
 I niivi nl I'l 1I..1I ^ I, .a .;t I a,i. ' i .
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chief-carver, au officer at the court of France, 17. 
 
 Chiiue of bells, in the town of Amsterdam, an extraordinary piece; 
 
 of mechanism, 145. 
 Chinon, in France, Q'J. 
 Chiosa, historical mention of that city, 100. 
 Christiana, Qi^ieen of Sweden, description of her person, 39. 
 Chur, a town of Roetia, described, 60. 
 
 Church; description of that of Our Lady, at Rouen, 2; that of St, 
 Dennis, 6; that of the Calvinists at Blois, 26"; of Notre Dame de 
 Arteliers at Saumur, 28; monuments in that of Nantes, 33; 
 churches in Angers described, 34; description of the great church 
 of Tours, 38; churches in Geneva void of interior decoration, 
 41 ; the church of Santa Maria Majorie at Bergamo, in Lom- 
 bardy, enriched with landscapes of wood artfully joined toge- 
 ther, 56"; description of the churches in Vicenza, in Italy, 68; 
 account of the cathedral of El Domo at Padua, and description 
 of the church of St. Anthony of Padua, O'O; account of St. Jus- 
 tina's church at Padua, 61 ; description of St. Mark's church in 
 Venice, 65; of St. George's church, in the island of St. Gre- 
 -'orv, 6"<); the number of churches in Venice, and a general state- 
 ment of saints' bodies and tombs contained in them, 6"y ; descrip- 
 tion of some of the prnicipal churches in Bologna, 76 ', description 
 of the churches in Florence: that of Santa Maria di Fiore, built 
 all of nrarble oi the outside, 81; of Maria Santa Novella, and 
 of Santa Croche, ?/>.; of L'Amianciatio, 8j; of St. Lawrence, 8(); 
 churches of Pisa described, ,'j6", })J ; and those of Trente, J07, 
 108; description of the cli-irclies in Munken, the cajdtal city of 
 Bavaria, 111; curiosities in tiie churches at Augsburgh, 117; St. 
 lUirthulonKw'., church at Francfort, 121; the cathedral of Co 
 logiie and its curiosities, 128; and description of the Jesuits 
 ciuirch at Cologne, 12Jj; description of the new church at Ant- 
 >terdam, ] tj ; ana of the liiurcho at Antwerp, 117; the churchc't 
 at Brussels numerous and large, 148, 
 (lunch-yard, the holy, at Pisa, extraordinary nature of its earth, 07, 
 Cliur( hill. Lord, 310. 
 Cinns:, a species of vermin in!V-tiiig the bedsteads and bed-clothes 
 
 ui the Italian inns, ]<13. 
 ^:l..icndon, Karl of, bh.n d tor the unfruitfnl match of the king 
 i^)lh the Infiiijla ut' Poi.iigal, 10/.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 Chirttid'in, flic ltciI I.url nt, |Mtstcu'ti| !)\ tlic [),ii l.mu ht, r<liir- 
 
 llll.. I'l.llH < , 17"- 
 ( l.in'iHini), -co'iiil r.irl >t', ; I '). 
 ( ltrj\, in liiiiiif, tluir |iri\ ilr'_'t -, \ c. ;. 
 f l\(l,iii(l, Dm lu ^^ I't ; till Inn -I \SMi!Mn Ml' li' r ai;*', K','- 
 riitiuitl, l.oiit, {(Hi1>M> liiiiiMlt' >i |>ll'l^!, and i.-iL'HN ln^ t.;|}. 
 
 (lock, Ijii.inL'iiiLr t.i the < allHdral-t liuirli nt' Nul'^IhiiuIi, \Mtli Ma 
 
 1 II' ' 1 I tie W iM- "mi M adorn I l; "UI ^a\ loui , \\J . 
 t iMi, \M.m l)\ <.liaii> I)nk<- ol i',iiri:und\, ,)r^^^rv^d 1)\ tlic (ili- 
 
 /i'il> i<\ /llIK ll, ! ^. 
 
 ('m||i,,./, a tov, n -il'.alid on tilt- iiwi ^Ia( m-. d<M iipU'JU ut it, 1 Jn. 
 
 ( 'slcniau'- N'inr, J''^. 
 
 (.>!,. L'l . rrali.ii-i , \\\f name ol' a ( ..1 !.-. at P idiia, 'n i 
 
 ('.,11' -' - at r.idiia, a(<>ai;,l n\ lli.-in, 'i. 
 
 ( ^.|lln> : 1^1 m-ial, ni i'lani < , in- aal'. ail \ , I' . 
 
 (nl'.Ljiic, ,i(il\ "t ( HTinaiiN , dt-i I iii'i'iii i.| ll, 1,'7. 
 
 < Miiiaii'diln-, iialaialaiid in an: 'a t iiird, in lianrf, 1 : , 
 
 (..,11 [lopii, r.i-lpi|i '..t 1. (Hid. .11, ,, J I . 
 
 ( .an .;lian", an !ial;iii i\\\, aiamint ..( il< Mtiuilion, Ici'. 
 
 ( ..illlli:-:'; !l ',, < ..illil, J -. 
 
 ( 1,11-; ,l.i. a -aji'iiii . il . i a in l!,, (.a,;t ot' ri.nar. llif dntii - 
 
 .;IIa. Ik d t'. :ii- la^li -iliialion, 1 ' ' llir ..llict mi|i|m c^-fd, //. 
 (..iiMiiia- Oidihiim: .i -\--s('nibh ot the 'I'liiar 1,-Iatt-; a -ort nl 
 
 |,, ml. inn ill ai i'li.- i . iN i mi-titnl nni and |ii'iouati\a-, .1. 
 ( ..ii\( ;-r, laniiiiar, all"'.'...! m 1 lain f, IjttuiTii |iaMi.t> and i liildia ii, 
 
 (Mil 1 i..in 1 iiialii'.'..!. i '. 
 ( n.ik- . Mr,, .it l. iW\dni. , \7. 
 Coikii \ , in ( I. 1 iiiaiiN, lilln ia-t,'.u(l<d. ill; acrouiit (d' tin a'r |)Miin|Kil 
 
 didi.-, il>. 
 C.pl. V, Mr , Mi:|iii/( s iinli, .;; 1 . 
 (,i|.;;'., a;:i..'I,i and r..initain in tin- i,'ard<'n- ot llic Dnkc . .t Id. - 
 
 1 1 111 . ll Ti it. .iai , . not V . I \ . . anniiidioii- t' .r ll -IniL; in, i i . 
 (,'oMi.n di Ml du I, niMi iiilmn mi in- toinli, n: M. l..ns rtan f\ ( Inui li 
 
 u) !di>i. Ill . , -'.. 
 (nsriiti^, '*'ir William, niadt; .iiu- ot tlir . . iiniin^Ni..n< r- nt tin 
 
 I n a-ni N, 17''- 
 r,,\. nil \ , ">M .ImIiii, rilirrt- .III till' kiiiL,'- \M 111 Iiiiil;, in a -[>< tadi hr 
 
 jiiadr, I. n \\ In. ll 111- I- w a\ laid and lii> m.-f -lit , ami I'l .nil ihclicr 
 liioi'.'iid llir Au aLan.-l MaiuniiL; and W .aiiidirL,', 17--'.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Councils of the Kiujj of Fiance; tlie high council, the roanril of war, 
 
 and the council of slate, 21. 
 Council of Trente, holdoi in the church of Siuiia ^lovia, 108; order 
 
 aii( manner of the session f iliat council, represented iu a paint- 
 
 eo-giass window of ilmt church, 108. 
 Courts, judicial, in Pari>, 11. 
 Court of the French king descvihed, 14. 
 Courtesan, anecdote of orn at Venice, 105; great encouragement 
 
 afforded to womui of that stanij) in Italy, 107, 
 Courtesy of the Italians in their oul ward demeanour, contradicted 
 
 by their inward selfishness and treachery, 105. 
 Crequy^ Duke of, anibas:ador from France to t;)e English Court, 193. 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 49; character ()f hhn by Sir John Reresl)y, l6'l. 
 Crown of France, though passing in succession froru father to son, 
 
 is in some respects not hereditary, 14. 
 Curiosities, in the Palazzo Vecchio^ at Florence, enumeraled, 81, 
 82, 83. 
 
 Panby, Earl of, Sir Tiionias Osborne created to this title, 176". 
 
 213, 3,9 1 . 
 
 . . bailed out of the Tower, after being confined five 
 
 yoars, 28?. 
 Dartmouth, Lord, 310. 
 Democracy, its effects among the Swiss, 53. 
 
 Delft, the travellers sto,. at, and vi>nv it and the tombs there.- !42. 
 Denmark, Cieorge Prince of, ent'jrtamed in Londo'i, 17 1. 
 
 Dennis, St., traditionary acci.unt of his iniraculous journe} ; stone 
 
 crosses erected in lionour of him, 7- 
 Desidcno, king of the Lombards, built the church of Santa Julia 
 
 a I Brescia, 57. 
 D'Estrcs, Count, commands the Frpuch fleet, lj6. 
 Devonshire, Earl of, 356". 
 
 Doctor, that title obtained at Padiui without nuu:h learning, f)0. 
 Dominic (St.), his portrait wrought in Mosaic work, m St. Mark's 
 
 church at Venice, 65. 
 Dominic (St.), his s})lendid shrine at Bologna, 76. 
 Donawert, a town of Bavaria; wheut e the iiame, 118. 
 Poort, the first town in Holland tliat the tra\ell( '^ arrived at, but 
 
 entered not into, as the plague was then raging there, 143,
 
 INDTA. 
 
 IhuiUiiii:, (oriiii<)iii<> I'.x'd h\ llu- (m:!1!.ui> in. ! ;',. 
 
 l)iii|>|iiiii: ('.t\f, a itiiiiirk.thlf ^iilili ; r.ni< .m |i!.i<. f i,t ir L liiiioii, a 
 
 I> I'lM , til.' ^' itc <)t |>r' 'l iu-\ , II 1 r.iih ' . K'. 
 
 Diiphai tmiN rcL'UlK.-" ruaii !lL> lldlii ImwuIi, .idiI l. ril-'> in d!) \ 
 
 Dui'c .ii:!>, ^11 Ji.hi, m.nlr oin'df i!,,' co!!;)!!;- : ;i i - 1 \]\f tri;i- 
 
 -m \ , I ; 1 1. 
 D-i'ih. .1 ;;iiiiic,ii~ \iiti.i\ f'lliii.l (iwi thfiii l)\ J,;!in-^ Di'.kf (i| 
 
 "^wik, i'.^; ;i"..iu Mil. (111. i| |iv I'li.K' !li.:'ill UUii tin: l>(;k(. nl 
 
 \ll>.!li,;i|.', Inj. 
 
 V'A'i li, \\:ii iiv( 1 irt .1 ,u Hi ' t!:< in, \' \. 
 
 I'm I. I, < ii.iiiiln I I'l : ,1 jii. ^li.ii . iiu; I 111 l*.ui>, 1 i . 
 
 r.llnln, ,1 Ml, .ill Inwi, in llal\, > '. . 
 
 I.Mt'-l "^nii <)t' til'- ( luin li : a li'U lt\ w !ii( li the Kiiii,' ot" rraiuc (jua- 
 
 iilif^ liiiii-rj!', 1 -.. 
 r.l DmiHi, ill'- . alli'ilial . Iiuirh ol i';,<*i;i, in It;il\ , ar(.iint ot" it, (i(), 
 r.lcclut- lit'' It nnaiiN ; \s!pi iiuc^iiii liia' w it li title, 1 ,; J ; w !ieiicetlu"\ 
 
 'I. rut- ll;. II j.'isvt'i , 1 '. ;. 
 I iiipt rm I i! ( M. mam , tii iiiitrf t li,- i lection, 1 , , , | ; ;. 
 i'ii_'l.:ii<l, !>; i. t' ,!,, t( ll 1:1' It- iinli.ipiis Inm - ."i tin- \c;ir Ifil, I. 
 I.i>i',i|ili "t"IV 1- l.iMi:-, CM 111 t ml) .,t l*,!Mi,,i. ' : r)):ia|>h ill till' 
 
 rliun h \..::\ III' ^I. .1:. ! :i,!, ;it r.'di;.i, ( .'. 
 !'|ilt.l]i!l ii;i I'l ', I \Mtii, ill'- (ii'>i('lii- ; ! 'I.'ilr j i..'t, iii'^!. !.i|Lr\ 
 
 <liiir.il .!l \ . ;:irr, t,' . 
 i'j)ila|'li (.11 I'lltii'sir Ci-vi, ! ri'T'ii. ', ^1: .;;:'>th, r. ><\i.v tlir 
 
 tlMIlit m| r. ;i':,M.'. , HI !': 1 ^ I il 'I r.'v! I'lMI. 
 
 r.(liirMi it, mmI - ;n a H'pn;:iii till ati li; tin ^i .iiv, ;. 
 
 I'la-iiiii- \\,i- I)- -M at llii't. I'Lu.. ; the ni;, m ',i- In i m liia. 
 
 t..\' n, -li-.-vii \:, the tia' lie;-, I : ;. 
 I'.Mira- the |u..|il:ei, |,.-. IImh. 'a e,.M-. , ;' tie' O.il 'l' M.iia. i,t |'ie- 
 
 MTVeil ,1- ;!ie DollU'sii !M. <.l 1'. 'h^U'lia JM.' ii-l ill t iu II iia a.. 
 
 tcrv, ;;. 
 
 I'-M\, ( a|>. h tii-I I'iiImI'. ( Miin,' 'ti li tii till T' \V' r, -VT- 
 i.-la'i-, till lIlK-, llillM.ie; na I M mI nl' "li'^ "kill-' lln i.i , -'. 
 l'.\elu-iiiii r.ill (i. 1 111' (1, J : . 
 
 LxeUuioii Bill 'Iiiu'.Mi ' 'it 1 t'the L"iiN, :^ i:
 
 Factions amongst pii\ate f;niii!ios prevaitnt ihrougliout Italy; con- 
 nived at by the govtinment fVoia motives of pciicy, 105. 
 
 Fag, Sir John, sunnuoned before the hinls, uhicii the connnons 
 considered as a breach of privilege, ] 7,9. 
 
 fair, description of that holden at Francibrl, IC'i. 
 
 Fanuiiarity between pareiits and tlieir < hildren in F/aiue, 13. 
 
 Feather-beds, {sleeping lictvveen two, a custom in the country of 
 Tyro], 10.9. 
 
 Ferdinand I. a siatiie of him, on horseback, erected near the south 
 door of the ehurcli of rAnnnnciatio at Florence, 86". 
 
 Ferdinand lif. arcount of the solenniization of his funeral obsequies 
 in St. Lawrence's church at Florence, 86". 
 
 Ferrara, a city of Italy, some account of it, 71. 
 
 Fe:)tival of St. Jo'.ni, account of the sok-inni/ation of it at Flo- 
 rence, (}1. 
 
 Fevershani, Lord, '2f)0. 
 
 Fiesolc, ruins of that ancient city, remarks on, .sv. 
 
 I'iiiances, /r f.r(r-iidcndaid dts, in Fraiu*-, his ufiice, '^4. 
 
 first Christian King; a title by which the King ot France qualities 
 himself, l.), 
 
 Fitzharris's in.pcachnient, tjic Lords refuse to receive, 5?4I; Fitz- 
 harris executed, 218. 
 
 Florer.ce, description ox that city, 77; its various forms of govern- 
 nient, ] <i. 
 
 Fhishmtj, brief descrii>tion of tliat town, 1 1.9. 
 
 Font, me pubjic one of Florence, description of it, 84, 
 
 Fool.-, '^l^.een, born of one father and mother, 14J. 
 
 Foot-soldi* rs, in France, ml6o4; their nundjers, 20. 
 
 Fountains, in the Duke of Florence's gardens at Fratolina, de- 
 scribed, (JO. 
 
 Fox, Mr. Charles, son oi SirSteplien, uJ8. 
 
 J'rance ; account of Sir jolni Reresby's embarkation for that coun- 
 try, 1; Ilia journey through it described, .2, J,9. 
 
 Account of the commodities of that country, 4 1, 14. 
 
 France, Le\vi>XI\\ King of, hi- victory over the I'rince of C)range, 
 lt);3. 
 
 fnrm^lirs a licet and money to King .James fur his Iji^h ex- 
 
 ficdjt.ion .')"/
 
 INDIA. 
 
 rr.i K 1- ^1. , Iii-> p. iitr.iil, V. MMmlit III N'^vi^c \\oik, i;i Si. M.uk , 
 
 !.r:( h ;;! \ Ch.r.-. d .. 
 :, :ir"i,ia. '^i- ^nahia. 
 1. '.'.( till I, .1 (lirmiiii tinsii, (l(^L^li)ll,.Il ot it, I .M ; tin i\;ttioii ,,\ 
 
 llir IMlllf, /'//. 
 r. ,:.'li i II ill' i.iiL''.i-li a^aiiivl tl,.' DiMi 'i, lii,t |m 1 1 iv liirm, 17 1. 
 ril)iir:', i.i,r ( f I'lr liiiil<-.'ii < .niU.ii> >>t ^\m;, ilainl, ) ;. 
 
 lMlil(i||!i' HI, .1 I,.l.-ill^ .>n\(llt Id I lalHl-, ,; ). 
 
 i,'.l/rll( , a i> ',.'i:iir 111 I i.iih ", .;i iMii^ Imni >a!t. J l. 
 
 lalliiA, til . . ;r,h.iJiii i; A cnr i.i tlir pnaic ol llic l,(.)U\ir, ill I'a- 
 
 ri^ '), 
 .ahli- 'Ic !.i I'li'M.-!-', til'' '^u.ir.h.iii <.l lli- iiia\ .m -lii)i >.l Taii^, 1.;. 
 .aiilrii - ,11 \ I 1 ' iia, <li -I rijiln'ii 'A ! Iif;ii, ;>^. 
 
 - !li'i-r in IlIIuihl; \" tin- |talac > .1 I iir ( , i ..iiHI ),ik,' -..I \".>\- 
 
 riiii r, (|c~( 1 lidil, : I. 
 
 fi.il.li'il, (K m; ;j-.;iiiu i.t .!ic Ixaulillli I'Wf at riwr.licc, In Im|1i;|!|;_' ti 
 
 i:,r ; M-.'.i.ia! .Ii Mrilici, Sd'; am! i.Tili,' DuL. ..f I'KwriuT 
 .11 r:alnliiia, 'M. 
 
 . (I, - l,|.ll..h ..f |l;ai ot Ihr I'.lr, 1,11 at Mlllikfll, 11,. 
 
 (..iidiur, la ri.ii.r., llir Diikr cit IImn.ih-, InaiM', ,',ii. 
 ( , I, - ..! ll'i l(i\' :i I.I \iiL,'-lniii:li. iiiaiuK r dt I In ir ci miM i in t iom, ami 
 l!;: |p'Cii'.i.ii ii:il|pii| 111 mi.udir^ tlinn, ||s. 
 
 < M !! \ ,1 . a( 1 iiiiui mI , iiat l.iv, II, ',' I. 
 
 ( .1 i; if.'.i iiii'~, /. < 'i;iiji.iiu i>r I 111' rn-nrii kin- - i; 1 1,111 i-, 1 " ; ,i IhhIs 
 
 ,:-M . ; Iii,i M -> ihlin - HI tlii' ai iii\, '^ '. 
 (..iit:lil\, ill ! r.iiift , 111. ill |iiii(iiiri| .iii'l t'lr'rilril ii\ !i,!i!i:i- i :. 
 (.i;i':\ il liath., thru M\rial liri;;!!-, I, ... Cdii-ali i ,il>lr |,il\i- 
 li -( - < ^t( ililnl to Mil 111 \'\ the kiUL:, ". 
 
 Ill I'laiK I', iiiaiinrr t.l tlinr Inn iIkp;, l ;. 
 
 (..iiri:'.\ ^t.. I llllli ll. III "-l. < 1 irL:iitN\ l-!,llli|, lie. II \riilic, ilr^ 
 
 . 1 ;|i;ipn ..1 ;1, . . 
 ( .1 I :i.,'ii , III .'11 "t 1 liat I" Kpli , lii>liiriral a.i miiiiI nl lli. ii i him, - 
 
 loi -, .11 1' I nl llu lii.iiiiai ~ .Hid nl4lplll^ I 'i I In p. .jiIi , 1 . 1 , 1 ; | . 
 (ilui-, .. , lit li ihirt'i II < aii'nii^ 1)1' .'^w 1' " I laii'l, i;. 
 
 < 11. ill. I - , >ti l'..l;iiMiiillinr\ , ^ -. 
 
 < ..mil I'l ul,l\ , Ml|nl tllinll- III lU'illlf- j. I till-Ill ,lt \ . liici; ml llill 
 
 il.iv. r ;. 
 'i ItiM.liiii, .^Ir,, iiK.'lc 1 1 rcl.irv lit' -tall , ''' ,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Godolphin, Lord, 371. 
 
 Gordon, Duke of, governor of Edinburgh castle, 3.92. 
 Grafton, Duke of, made colonel of the foot guards, 251. 
 (J rand Almoner, an ecclesiastical officer in France, l^S. 
 
 chamber, a judicial or parliamentary court in Paris, ] L 
 
 Grand-master, in France, his office, 17. 
 
 Gregory's (St.), Islar^d, near Venice, dcrscribed, 6's. 
 
 Grcffier en chef, or chief cleik, an officer in Paris, ];., 
 
 Grey, Lord, escapes abroad, 277. 
 
 Grisons, their struggle against the jiapacy, 53 and ,51, 
 
 Gnvachino, an abbot, his prophesies wrought in hieroglyphics of 
 
 Mosaic work in St. Mark's church at Venice, 6',). 
 (iruttoes, of curious devices, in the gardens of the Duke of Florence, 
 
 at Pratolina, ()v. 
 Groves, je<uit, 2^)9- 
 
 Guards of the French king, account of them, i.Q. 
 Guiche, Count, favourite with the Duchess of Or]ean.s, ] ~.3<, 
 Guise, Duke of, styled a Stranger-prince, in France, 16'. 
 Gunning, Bishop, 23*). 
 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, his prudent and manly reply 
 
 to those who advised him to fiie the town of Munken, lit). 
 
 Haerlem, the travellers visit that town, I4t. 
 Halifax, Lord, sworn in the privy council, I7j. 
 
 first minister, 237. 
 
 created marquis, 200, 
 
 Jiauiiibal's headpiece, preserved in the armoury of Pala/zoVecchio, 
 
 at Florence, 83. 
 ilaito, Archbishojt of Mrntz, his cruelty to a number of poor jhu^ 
 
 l>le, 12,3. 
 Hat--, f'.rbidden to be u.^t d lu Jhe towns of Switzerland^ 53. 
 Ilaukwood, Sir John, his line tomb at Florence, St. 
 llemietta Maria, the civil iif haviour of that princess to Sir John 
 
 I{crcsb\, l02; her dancuig much extolled, 1O3. 
 flenry 111. of France, rode on horseback to the top .f tj)." steeple 
 
 ol St. Mark's church at Venice, 66. 
 Ikwy the Fourth, emperor, :o!d the last remains of the demesnes 
 
 of the German crown, ill. 
 _ . _ ii,^ banishment and recall of Ih.c Jesuits; he be* 
 
 'I'leaths his hcarl to their college, 35.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 IffiTu!' ' II. ill, a -f.it. Is a|iaitiui-ii! -i i.illiil, in ilu jn! irr of ilit 
 
 r,!. < I I, .. MiK.k II, 1 IS. 
 
 li Ix (ilin>; ; acr.iiiiit nl' liic la-litiiii .i, cf km^'ir- i.t' i!:,;t i,i,!, r in 
 
 liMin c, 111 l^w, lt> l.\\ 1- llu' t I I !i I i,lli, i. 
 IlM;iKli:r, iliaunrr III wlllill tin l)uk< il I imr'Hi' I; (< >\< - it tlulU 
 
 111- tlrjcilili'!it-, V J. 
 H.ii>r--(.l(li< 1 -, ii: Ira;. it", iHrnlin- nl' tl,* ir ti _-:i!!: ;i; , '. 
 
 I1<M-C>. ill r.-lKi-;- Ildt WfU aii,;[ i l',| till' -.i>i :',,-. ! 1. 
 
 li')i X -rai'f, <lr-.i "ii' .1 .111: ,!i riiK!,.-, on :\ i<-;i\,:l ( !' si. 
 
 .I-'mi. ^i:. 
 liMM,M,J-^,!.riJ, ; I'.iri^, ar-.u.it . ', : 
 ii u,_;i. |)i., ,. ,>. 
 
 t |..\'. ,!li|, I.'tI, m'IiI |), ;-()1Ii r t.i 'llr Ti.Wl , , ,' I S , 
 
 it I.-! ink, t(^i iiiiMU i i . ilu TowiT, .'",". 
 
 1jm\. mI, ^11- i;..l,, II. 'J '. 
 
 1 Jii: iMiri:ii, in .s\, It/.; laii I, [J. 
 
 i,;ii , 11., [lot LrMrii at > . iK, :' :. 
 
 iiu\Mii-il \Mtli ^r< . t |iui.i|i ;iii(l iii;!miil"u( lu-f, J.;7. 
 
 w llnliavv li:iii-iii Hum I Jai:.i. 17-- 
 
 -I 1, , : Its . ,i; ;i;< il ii: ii ;ii .; I '.;I, 'i \ . 
 
 iii\ aili - 1 1 il.iipl, ' 
 
 ,1, ,li)ii- \ . ;:.< .' ' iiMii ,i| 1. aiiS' (|',i:iii;- .'1,1 LiiKiis K luK aiuciu 
 
 t;i. h.tlijii-., l- l,,!,.l . litd- tl.. i.ut; h ... 
 J.ii. ::. -, I... id ClKMMrllM!, i;). 
 
 . - 111- (1. 1( !U( i;"rs, ", J',. 
 
 - - t.ikcii 111 (l,.':iii-<- ai W iii'i'i. l;. ;ii:i| r :, 
 
 Ijll'h .1 to till' ! .\\( 1, J7 ' 
 
 Jt'iikiii-, Sir l.simtl, J >'). 
 
 J. -!' I , jr !; K- pra ii-f.| h\ tin iii, ?. . 
 
 .1 ih' ' hllM il .11.'! rol!ti;r, .!l \... kill. (If-ci !iii-i!, ; . '. 
 
 .Jr\\^, iiil. i,il..i .a i'r.i (i.'il, 1)1,: M-.irul t. \. . a !>!;;, I ;i. II o: 
 
 Ilu II I..1I-, I ' , til I 1: ;,\, ii-;i( , .It tin :, ,;.-,, Il a;-, , . 1 . 
 liit.iiil.i mT r. : iii'Ml, rt. cu. .1 li.tn ia-ula a' , .,.-.;!,, .. ,,|' l.i 1 jh i 
 
 - !., 1(17. 
 
 Iiili' 1 ii.M'. c, l.u - n-|i, <iiii!j 1!, .an. mil; llir (.criiian-, 1, ''. 
 
 iaii-, ... I :,..a r, iia-"iii,,i >-. 1 J. 
 
 Til': 'iiii> nt (irriuaiis diits .iiij (kar. l-, ;.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 I'nspiuck, the principal city of the {ountry of Tyrol, account of it, 
 
 109. 
 Lisciiption, a ciirioijs one under the A'irgin's poruait in the church 
 
 of the Jiicobins i.t Anjon, 34-. 
 joco, on > .,)" llic \j,,eiuue hills, where the travellers met v, ith a 
 
 iidious btorui, "7. 
 John, Kihii; of England, i.aken prisoner by Edward the Black 
 
 Prince at I'oicliers, 30. 
 Jolui (Si.), description of the fcsUval held at Florence in honour of 
 
 him, yi. 
 Joan d'Are, inscription under htr statue, 2i. 
 Ireland, Jesuit, QQ(). 
 Iron, crown of, formerly used in the coronation of the Emperor of 
 
 GtrmauN, 134-. 
 3-' r. strange way of pas;;!g that river, viz, by poles fastened to- 
 
 : '< r. 111. 
 },.: /.!; , -i\etch of the character and nunners of iliat people, 102. 
 I .. ., d.-->e.ii)ti )M of thai eoantrv i^- '>t- 
 J a ii,.<) (S-.), discription of the churcli dedicated to that Saint at 
 
 P.du.t, ul. 
 
 liallierine fSl.), binied in the church dedicated to her at Bologna; 
 rf ir;.. '\yb n .!i"i' 11 '-'in rnii-.g iier, 7O. 
 
 Khig < 1' Frai.ce, iiis arhilriirs sway; in-tances of his absolute autho- 
 rity, ]'j. 
 
 Laken, a town of Switzerland, ^vith a remarkable bridge of planks, 
 
 49. 
 La l^n^a, one of llie Alpine mountains; the traxellers pass over it, 
 
 ,') .') . 
 La flesche, in France, account of the Jesuits' college there, d.5. 
 Lambert, and otiier otlicers <jf the. army, tiilertamed with a di;;ncr 
 
 bv the city of London, 1()2. 
 Lanudale, Lord, 37 1. 
 Laniiiord^ in Switzerland, peculiar traits in their clianicters; iheir 
 
 method of hnesl.dling their guests, o3- 
 L'Annunciatio, a church ol llorcnce, <h'scription of it, 85. 
 landscapes, of wood inlaid, ni manner of paintings in the church ft 
 
 Santa Maria AJajorie, in Lombardy, .i^'.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 I .' \rtn,i. ,tn ,iin|)lii!ln;itr<' at \ imii,i, < ,.ii|cctiir ! Im h.ui- Ik '-ii !r,i!t 
 
 |i\ till ; .iu|>ri'r Xuu'ii-tii', i^. 
 1.1 ^iih-I. !;:(<, ail iiiiiKivt III I'laiKf, , \.iii. rat. ml; tin j.i. \,;wi-v \\ i.-ro 
 
 laiMil, l:>Mii i|iiaitoiiii.; - hlui^, .J. 
 I.iiultnlalc. Dm In >^ ><\\ ]<: ,. 
 
 I.amii liialf, Dukr ol, ^(Miic acfciiiil nt Iiiki, 1 ' 
 l.aiiiuliA, aniiiiiii^ lnuiitam -m 'Iciinii.iii.ii. .| m i|.. [ )ii|,c ut lln- 
 
 iriK ( - :: ;i.li 11^ .it I'latolina, 'M . 
 l.a\\ -, III li.iiH c, a! iMti.irN , 1 '.. 
 Law ifiK ! >l. , ai("iiiil n) the (liui.li (Icdif.iti il t.. i|;,it >,iiul, al 
 
 ri.'r-|l.(, ^(i; ;iil(l nt tlic rliainl I't ^1. I .,l\\ !. in ' , N^. 
 
 I.iaiii, Mr. I ii.li.ii k- \v illi *^ii JmIiii III II >l)\ (mt i'l ;;.,( <, i, accniii- 
 jMUii - liiiii I" M'lti-, '. >; ami Mji.ir.it'- lnni luin .:; llnMi.ir-, .~. 
 1.1'uImi II, ik'-. ! ipli'tii lit th.ii 1 i'\ , 'IS. 
 
 l.<..|i>.M, \;, ji'i'ikf I.I \ll-Ill,l, (.M ;lllt(.\\ M 1,1 iilltlr. 111 ; 1,, 1)\ 
 l^.i I .llllnll- nt' .^\\ It/i 1 !,!;iil, J ). 
 
 1 .1- ijnlii.iirc, a iiMl.irinii- inMui- in and .iIimmI i.\nii>, in rr.nni ; iii> 
 III, mm r nl ri'iniiiiltini: In- (! |aril.itii"is ,,ii jl,,. l,^,^ ;,|,,( |,i,,|Mitv 
 
 nl liasMMl^i,-. .;>. 
 I ( W i- I iir 'I'\'. Ill . ll, ! 1; i:.l I , M :m-i - In l i - 'n l r -i nit- .i; ; liji i \ 1, i.t 
 t" 1,1- pHli. I - - 
 
 I.,,,! ,1,. ri'ir.i . iilli, i.n-i- ,111 ..t:].\ \-< .idiii.' 'i:i !; . I , !: rv tn 
 I, '.,!- I;, I nil li t iilli .! I r.ii.i '. n I u ai 1::r ii- '.MiliMii .-t Lii:^li[3 
 
 .1 l!..- n|.|. I nt lllr i 1 -K ' . im-l, ' 
 
 I.. >i|. .1. .i. ri|'linn "! Ui.i; Inwn, 1 i .. 
 
 I : ' ( I i I- I, i-nr .H tii' i-.u.i i;- '; Ln ' , i. . 
 
 I, _ :. /;. I ),, II ( -an., in i' f . -t M;- i n '.a .{ ['.., , " '. 
 
 I.,. I I .1- nl I >. , nil, .-Ml,. ,,.,..-. 1 1, , ,.!, - . 
 
 1 .IV ,11- I ii .1 , I..- -I,,;!.! ,,i!.l l. I. Ii |.; I -I I \( .1 in l',ii|u,i, aii'l 1..- cp!- 
 
 I ...; l-'"ii' , ,1 l.ir.;. .ail-. i,i|' '.' ..l l .kii.u' i.;' -.''' | 'namd. |.f .,,,11, 
 
 |i:. -, I '., .1 i.i ill ,111, i.M \ ..1 I'.i! \.-.n. \ I'. I liM ,it 1 ...|i m.f, ^, . 
 I. .1111 , I ^. I. M I . i . , 
 [, 1:1 \, ,;l. ll.!:i n: l"\'> 1., 
 
 i.'.\' -hii ,i.tl. , 1' n i ,, I .ai .a '! ; '. 
 
 1 .' -ad. a., Ill I I, nil 1, ,' . 
 
 a I'.v.d iL-i'l' III I in I' .; . , dtHLOtd. '
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Low Commies, description of them, IM, &c. Further account of 
 
 tht Low Countries, the commonwealth, and people, 14y. 
 Lozannen, in Switzerland, 46. 
 Lucca, an Italian town, situated in (he Valley of Anio, described, 
 
 y4. 
 
 Lucerne, one of the thirteen cantons of Switzerland, 44; often fol- 
 lows the strict law of retribution, 45. 
 
 Lucius, the tirat who converted the country of the Cirisons from pa- 
 ganism; chapel erected to his nienwry at Chr.r, 51. 
 
 Lumley, Lord, 2.34. 
 
 Luta^tia, the ancient name given to the city of Paris by Ccesar, 8. 
 
 Luther, (Martin), mention of the place at Augsburgb, where he made 
 his confession before the Emperor Charles, 117. 
 
 Luzance, a French Jesuit, his conversion, &c. 181. 
 
 Luxemburg!), taken by the French, '290. 
 
 Lyons, in France, account of that town, 39- 
 
 iMaccleslield, Lord, 3'22. 
 
 Madonna di Tyranno, a town of the Valtalin; account of its pro 
 
 ductioiis, 52. 
 Madrid, a royal j-salare in France, bui't by Francis the First, 6\ 
 Magistracy of Paris, in what oSiicers invested, 1:3. 
 Mauie, description of tiiat river, 125. 
 iMaria Santa Novella, a heautiiul church of Florence, which Michael 
 
 Angelo used to call his Venus; dosiiiption of it, Si. 
 Mark, Saint, Ins body broiii^ht to Venice, in the year 8C9, by mer- 
 chants from Alexandria, 6(). 
 Mark's (St.) cliurcii, i)i Veuicr, <icscribed, (US. 
 Marinoutiers, a famous monn->tcry near Touis, '27. 
 Marriage; the Ciernaiis ve,y scrupulous of alhjng their families but 
 
 to persons of higli birlh, Ufj. 
 i^Iarshal of France, Ins dji^jnity and office, l6". 
 Martin, St., healed of a l)roken rib by a cruise of oil (preserved in 
 
 the monastery of Marumutiers) sent from heaven, '27. 
 Mascara, a curiously devised fountain in the Duke of Florence's gar- 
 dens at PratoHna, .91. 
 Malhenuilical device, a curious one, preserved in a chamber of the 
 Grand Duke's palace at Fh.'rcnce, 80.
 
 INDIA. 
 
 M.U.'ii. >, >f. {, .alii!:.'.l ,lt \:ii' II, I :ii:.,ll- l( i,.| I. |iriv 1 V il ;!l' ; 
 ^l .,i:l n!. 1..- t.ii.ilt at li. iiniiL, ti.'iii!i.>iKii\ ;u!. C'L.t'- i-r-j..(t 
 
 I, ^ 'r '1, II". 
 
 M . V ,: :;., I'liijirioi of ( ifii,i.iii_\ , iliviiliii that kiiijilMm i ,io : m 
 
 ( II. ! -, I -:. 
 
 Mi-lii', i.;f ;:(Ciiunl of tli.it r.iu:i'\, 7 n. 
 
 Mu;;.i_'ii. i;i >\\ !'! /I I i.in.i, iii-l n ic.il dciiirn ih i ihi^ri', 1,". 
 
 Al-i.. 11.1, -1: :- ill \ .:,:.( ~(. c.illrd, (, ). 
 
 riiiil.-, ;''-. -lit tiim- cili liiatfil r..i it> lr;uilitul paiiil.'l L'la-, 
 
 y]> i;j<M, 111 1 I. nice, a ( iii\i \aiu 1 1 I'l liM\rll.'t^; 111- iiiaiiii'T oi 
 ai I iiiiiii'iil.ilMi!, I'. 
 
 'iiili'-l Vii^riip, lii> .ipixilatioii ni the cliurv ii III ">.iii! I Maii.i Vo 
 .. ;i,.. a' ri-rrini', .^ . 
 
 ^Il'^h. Iriii.'. ,|. -( lijilinii III' ih.it r,!^, I ;<i; -. v. iits \ill.i_'. - near !> it 
 (|i MiiiM (i |i\ a -'i'!>! ii iin; "l.ili'iM^ ;ii,,i ,, 1\ t\M. -l . |i!i - :. HMa'.- 
 ,,.', -..L.t'i ..piKvii a!)i\c (111- w.iiii', ///. 
 
 All Mi. Inn, I.ui.l, ,; i. 
 
 Mil . nT l',,n~, 1 i. 
 
 "v| ,],. , .1 I'll 111 li 111. .'.-.:i'', J '. 
 
 '.];!, ... \, a_'- "I, III ill. l.iii'j^ fl I laiKc, I >. 
 
 M,:,. ;, .) 1 '. .a li l!i.,.-'iir, : . 
 
 NiiMi. II, ,:i ^ >ii/.!!a',M, 1 '. 
 
 a; ,:ui, .uln. D'liv.' ..t, ii. 1.i\.m| |)\ 111, Dii, h.-. 1,1 Oil. m-, i; . 
 ->.. . \v ilh liiii' 11,. I, r, ( M. 11,1, .'w .. 
 A. , ,1-, '1 I.I Milii..: : I I \ i.l-(.;. IK . \i.:\ ;,;,|- Kin- 
 ll ll. II 'LI 
 
 - -- - Mill. 1..!^ - liiiii-fU a1 \\ lull li, ill, j/ii 
 
 - Ill - I'M , !i! iMii (III 'I'liW . 1 -lull, 11'. ; 
 XImH-, III r:,ii,,r, lit -( I iMlhai i>t ilial Im\ui, 
 M..iila.'ii. , Diik. ,,t, _ , 
 A|,,i,il, a l,,\\ll III ^\\ 1' M ! I.iiiil, ,'; lidii ' it;, >,, ti'l.il I' 
 
 I., III. i.t lliillv III ai-a!.'i III, II, /,'/. 
 Nl'ii.l.iuiit, l.iii.l. , <; . 
 
 - jii,.,li !., ; . ii!:iliii-^loUt I I ,! I he 1 1, i-iii \ 
 
 ^l"!! M , [11. pjiJll- .jl li . .|i l;.,i;:lliat,, .1, i .
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Moaaic-work, in St. Mark's church, in Venice, representing the por- 
 traits of St. Frfincis and St. Dominic, 65. 
 
 Moulines, a town in Fri':"e, celebrated for its manufacture of liard- 
 ware, 38. 
 
 Mutles, an appellation given by the Low to the High Dutch; as 
 much as to say, hlockheads , \oJ. 
 
 Munken, the capital city of Bavaria, accovnit of it. 111, 
 
 Murano, an island adjoining Venice, where the Venice-glasses are 
 made, 6"8. 
 
 Muscovy, ambassador from, sent to Venice in l63(S, for the first 
 time, 72, 
 
 Musquefeers, a company of guards attendant on the French king, 
 serving on horseback, 9.0. 
 
 Nails; strange story of St. Katharine's nails still continuing to grow 
 after her death and burial, iG. 
 
 Nantes, a town of Brittany, account of if, 33. 
 
 Navy, the state and number of, and of that ol' France and Ilollancl, 
 ISO. 
 
 Newcastle, Duke of, "ZCS, 241. 
 
 Nicodenujs, statue of our Savim.r made by him, the head of which 
 {mirabile dictu!) was sent from heaven, t),3, 
 
 Nimeguen, the capital city of (iueldria, brief mention of it, 130, 
 
 descriptionof that city, the nielrupolis of Gucldria, 142. 
 
 Nobility and gentry, in France; no distinction between them for- 
 merly, 4. 
 
 Nordlingen, a place remarkable for the battle fought betwixt the 
 Germans and Swedes, II9. 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of, and his brdtlieis' petitior. to the house of coni' 
 mons, 1 S9. 
 
 Northumberland, \i<\\\ of, 2J;). 
 
 Nottingham Lord, 37 \. 
 
 Gates, Dr., 208. 
 
 Oaths of allegiance ami sujir'niacy suppressed, and otiicrs taken m 
 
 lluir stead, 3Sy. 
 <^bsc<iuies, funcical, ol' Ferdinand 1!!. solemnized at -^T. Lawrenc'- 
 
 iJuireh in Ilorence, 8(>,
 
 (>-;., i.,i.!n, ,-., 
 
 O.'ir, I. Mill. 1- ". 
 
 ( )i nil," , rnii' ' -- "I, -I f'T (it" ( li.iih > 1 1., i i ,. 
 
 I'niH'f ot'. M~il> iIh- ( unit "I l/i-Liii I, 1 ; . 
 
 -- i;!:iki - 111- a'i(lii->-i'- hi iii.> I . ii|\ M 11 \ . 1 ' ,. 
 
 ( )iMii.' , I'liiut: aiiil I'luii '--, tilt- I .(III I > 111 (,iii( n 111^' t:ii' < nKMi i i 
 
 iIkiii, >-^ 
 (>i.i:r.'''. l';.!!!''' NViliiini"!, aii.i In- I'liiicc--, |irii; |.i;iiui| U ::ii^' ,i;i'i 
 
 (,>IUlil. .">^. 
 ()i.iiMiv, r.illiri- <it l!i( ; .1 t'l.il' I iiil% -o cil.'fd, al *>.t.iui;u- '<'\ 
 
 I'laiKf ^r. 
 
 ( )i( i(.'-li,i, v( .il> 111 ,1 ili>ii)aii I lii-.itf t'lr llir -riialii! -, ',1. 
 
 OiU'aii-, 111 I'l iiKf, <lr>c ri|iliiiii 111 ill il I ii^, ' 
 
 ( tri.ai'-. 1 Iriiri.ii.i Dm In- ot, 1 ; <. 
 
 (ii.,iii-. Dm 111-- lit. .iiii\.- Ml r.ii^lauii, iri: -'i-|>'H l,-i| .it nil'.! 
 
 Iit\ t.> ill.- D :k- li.M liii-laii(l, 1 ; I . 
 ( )ii.-.iiis, Dnkr lit. hi- |.'.il.Mi,\, I ; .;. 
 Orliaii-. l>ii< lir-- ..r, h. r --udil.ii tlcatli, 1 ; :. 
 Oimniul, Dnk.- lit', , ' \ 
 
 ( )-lhi! III'. ^11 Til '111 i-, I'i I I-'', 1 "' I. 
 
 iii.iilr I'll! ill '-'lit I I 1 r,!i^!aini, i ,",. 
 
 OUil.l. \:'\n\\ \-'i. IJH !,i : i .ill i 1, 
 
 |'.t,|,l.l, , ! ;l _;i- I 'I \ aiii! MilMl -;tv nt I ; iK , il- m . int ,.,:i ..| ,t, . . 
 
 C.iIjm-'! ^.niil fi.iiM.Mi- .iinl ^l.l||ll!, ill 1 !,:(<, i i. -i i li i. <l. 
 ill.- l..i:,-,ic 111 Tail-, ': .i,..| llir u'l-.M r.!i,i!-, , /.; mi;.. nT , i 
 ,, 111 I. lit |ialaii at \,i|..ii, :i: d i i ,|i' . ..i I't ili. |i.tl,:,i- ::ii!.i 
 
 ( i!\ lit' \ . l.H I , ' . il- -. ll|i:i"ll 'I t:a ' il Mill D' k; - \> :[ .! 
 
 I i, ,1,11c.-, T'l. ^'' ahil "t I'al.:/ ' \ t. > lii.i, Nl; a-.. I .1 r..^':i.' 
 1 ii;j,. 1 i,i|.', ^ ^- : and lit 1' i-j M . \i !;..i .hi and rial.; ,, i. ^ " ; d. 
 -, : :|,!mii 'it ill. 1.1. I til. - ji li i< I a I Nlunivt n, M ,' ; ,i,i I . 1 \\i A il 
 111, \ Il . ici\ III ill. I 'J'N < iiiiiil i;--. at r>in--.-I-. 
 
 I', dial-, !h. f I!' .'I, in !' Ill-, d , nil. d, i. 
 
 I'.d.l//,. \--r.!ll" .il rinlMli.-, a MI -it til.- |H' tun - .nid lid, 1 
 
 . Ill in-il II - I ii.it a I .11 I k.il in !i!' -I I 'U l;in . ^ i . 
 
 I',, I |. d. -I i;|itii.n 111 di it I !t\. -. 
 
 l\ii , ,Mi. ' I -. ,il- III. i_. I.I '' iiii;i \ ' I \ -"M n^ ! . i.lil 111. ... 
 
 ili.ihl.- til- k"i in; n- ,1 , \ I'lj ill- , . I - ti 'I.. r.Mi . I 
 
 (t.i.i-t. -' -
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pailiament votes a million, to make war with France, 201. 
 
 addresses the king, to remove his ministers, 204. 
 
 votes to stand by William and Mary, 397- 
 
 Parliaments in France, historical account of them, 10. 
 
 Pastor Fido, passage therefrom, 104. 
 
 Patriarchs, palace of the, at Venice, description of it, 63. 
 
 Peasants in France severely oppressed by their obligation to pay the 
 taxes imposed on Ihem, 23. 
 
 Peasants of Germany, their miserable condition, 140; those in 
 Prussia, said to feed on raw flesh, ib. 
 
 Peculiarities of dress adopted by the women of Cologne, 129; "<^ 
 very handsome compliment to the women of Germany, 13S. 
 
 Peers, their state of precedency, in Franco; their first creation, l6". 
 
 Pell, the English ambassador from Cromwell, at Zurich, in Swit- 
 zerland, 49. 
 
 Penance, performed by persons on their own bodies, in the proces- 
 sion through the streets of Venice, on the Thursday before Good- 
 Friday, 73. 
 
 Pcschiera, Castle, the centre of the Venetian state, oj. 
 
 rclerborough. Earl of, 37 ^>' 
 
 I'elcr's (^St.) church at Piologna, contains several monuments, pic- 
 tures, &C. 7()- 
 
 Petronio's (St.) church at Bolognn, where Charles V. was confirmed 
 emperor, and received the crown of thorns from the pope, 76. 
 
 IVtty, the builder of the nviiguiticenl palaee of the Grand Duke at 
 Florence, 79- 
 
 Pickering, Jesuit, '2^)9 
 
 rictures, describing the (pretended) miracles wrought by St. An- 
 thony, preserved in tiie church dedicated to that Saint, at Padua, 
 (il. 
 
 risa, acit) of Italy, deserii)tion of it, 95. 
 
 Pistocia, a city of Eiruria, historical account and description of it , 
 91. 
 
 I'iiilip le Iklle constitute^ a sedentary parliament in France, in place 
 of that styled ambulutorv, JO. 
 
 Pitcher, oni- of porpli\ry, in the church of St. Maurice at Anjou ; 
 tradition respecting it, 34. 
 
 I'lace, niarket-i)lace, or M, Mark's Place, described, 60,
 
 INDIA. 
 
 I'! . Ml-, 111 l.oiiiii.ii, 1(1'.".; .u-.oiiiil I'l' li, .; ,1, ...lliil .:l,i;i;.l_\, P 
 
 ll^ I.l\ A'J.<-^ 111 ll'.t 1 lllllll I n ^, ' . 
 
 I'!i.i_;i ,>:;, III Miiiil^i!!'^ ; 1 1). II 1 1 II r <il (luiii;: ii m I !.il\ , 1 i 
 
 i'.'L",'!'! \i ii.ii.iiiK, <\ c< inil!y!i.iii-.i' III \\,r D'lk'- oT lior'Uti-, d'-- 
 
 ^. ,.|. .1, ^W. 
 I'.'^i:!.! Illl|>fl Kill , a p;i 1,1 ic 1,1' the l)u!. (<.!' rioK :nr, i ! >r i ; !)( (i , ,s > . 
 
 I'liiiit d'.ir^'iil, |iiuiil il> Nvs i^> ; i>i i'^iii (it iii.ii im"\-.''. j .'. 
 I'liirlin-. Ill ri.inrr, t h.ii 1 1 1\\ n < |;ji ri!)f<l. !; niiu "l ;. l!.iii,.ii. .r; 
 
 |)!iilh. Ii. IIm 1,', i/i. 
 I''i!iIkiimi-. Iii> ( |iit.'j)liin I !', tinnilint I.' \iiiiimn.il n ;il rint-. iii c, - 
 l'o(>iii.ii 1.1, -< ,1) ill ,1 K"1ii;mi tin .il 1" till' ill" (I III III lull-, I 
 i'lipidi pii.t. th 111 >! la '.\ > ut', J' '," . 
 I'.'lt-lli'iulil, Diuil'-- ct, llli- lll(-t al)--'illltr lit' ,ii; IJic k'lU - nil 
 
 li. -.-;-, 177 
 
 -'llllnll> nllNflsallMll !H'I\^^^I1 luiiUlil ill' 
 
 MiKiKi^ ..t IlalK^av, :: 1. 
 
 - ill r|>riM|ii;i(,u~, lIllilHIKi- iiMT lllf klllL.', ,'7' 
 
 i'ratitliiM, a -iiiiiiii' a r.-itli i,( c ut' the Diiju- ..f' riin.au r, ili -< a iln il . ''>. 
 Pinrai h', III- IIP "I ii::'T, tin iiwiiiiiL; tra\ rlli-r-, w iih lu-cvN^ai .t -. 1m lu n n 
 
 liaiiri aial l!a.i'., I". 
 I'l. , . ~-ii.a tliiMiijii ilu -:;,-. t^ lit \i';iir.Mii ll,. Iliui.ia- li.t.-ii 
 
 (,.- Ill 1 :.l :;., ill . iiln-.i, 7 ;. 
 I'l . ill! 1 1.1 ..! ^1 . .M 111; . maim. - "I I M- III 111 t.i 1 1 I.I ! i tin r. ( .. 
 I'll. Mil. ilil: 1!, l!i.i' i';. u.ilt-i nl li.iK Is iimi, .,.l!\ llin, 
 
 v.. .1 , M.:;, !, ".\. 
 I'.MNIlii illi.rl.'.V^ ( 111 Illi'-, nll^i I V..l ..ip^ (111 !'iia . i!i-|.'aill..,. 
 
 . 1 1 1 . 1 -, I \ I n , : I ; 1 : 1 , ! ' 
 I',., -t ..I til. ii' i.M l:i M M r.aii. . . Ill- .lul.i -, , - . 
 I'll 1 1 II I, ii: 111.- . iiui. Ii I.I ^.nii i < i.. Ii -, a I 1 l.i:. i;. .-. t la i. i: I a. i . 
 
 |i|i I uai- >;iillr~, 
 
 ' Mi.ii n I III I". 1 1 II i!.-' ;m1'.-' .' I I ;;. :,iii!s .il '<!. !.a . : , . ^ ' 
 
 /.i!iM-i, ! , 
 
 I In (,>M., II ^!l.!!. 1 'I I.I I'. :. , ; . . 
 
 II .;iii~tii,i .^'li, Ii. , t' ;, all : |. !.. . 'in:.' tli H 'nwii. 
 Ilaia-t'.l.!, I, 'a-'! ( .!( I' ji -' . , 
 
 K, ' . ; ..a , ! .(.II lain t..r!''.a .ui..i'. i.i-!..iii
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Rebellion, raised in Loudon by one Venncr, soon after the restora- 
 tion of Charles H,, l()6. 
 
 Red Tower, an ancient tower at Solothurn in Switzerland, 47- 
 
 Religit)ns, the three professed in Germany, 140; many forms of re- 
 ligion toleiiited in the United Provinces, 1. ">()". 
 
 Reliques in St. Dennis's church in France, T', <it the monastery of 
 Maruioutiers, 27, and 28 ; in Our Lady's church d'Arteliers at 
 Sannnir, 28; hi the great church at Angers, 34; in the church of 
 St. Anthony, at Padua, in Italy, 6l; and in St. Justina's church 
 there, 6l ; in St. Mark's church at Venice, 06' ; in the Dominican 
 church at Bologna, 76"; in the church of L'Annunciatio at Flo- 
 rence, 85; among the reliques )>reserved in the cathedral of Co- 
 logne, the bones of eleven thousand martyred virgins, 128. 
 
 llcresby. Sir John, leaves England, and embarks for France; his 
 reason for quitting his native country, 1 ; description of his tra- 
 vels through France, 1-43; through Switzerland, 44-54; through 
 Italy, 54-107; through the German dominions, 107-41; and ar- 
 rives in the Low Countries, 141 ; his stratagem at Brussels, 147 ; 
 termination of Jiis travels, and his arrival at London, 15.0. Sir 
 John Reresby's character of Oliver Cromwell, l6l; and of the 
 Duke of Buckingham, if/.; his first acquaintance with the Duke, 
 who expresses a kindnefis for him 1()2; he is present at the din- 
 ner given by the cily of London to Lambert and the other olHcer- 
 of the army, ib.; he travels to Paris, and is favourably received 
 b\ ihe (|necn-motlier of England and the Princess Henrietta-Maria, 
 then residing there, ib.; returning to England, he is entrusted 
 with a letter by Ihe queen-mother for her son. King Charles, then 
 newly restored to his kingdom, lO"4; at London he is presented U\ 
 the king, and delivers the letter, ib.; the queen-mother's fartii'r 
 kindness to liim, l()5, his liojies, however, of promotion, by the 
 queen-inotiiershitcresl, disappointed by her leaving England, 16'(); 
 in company with Sir Thomas Sands, he pursues after, and takc'^ 
 tlie rebel Venner and his accomplices prisoners, ib.; shortly after 
 this, Sir John Rereshy gains the esteem of the Duke of York, ib.; 
 disa})pomted in his hopes of accompanying the duke iji the expe- 
 dition against the Dutch, [67; he marries, ](>S: he solicits and 
 obtains from the king the office of higli-sherill' for the county of 
 N'ork, K)<); he is nanu'd by the king for that office, 170; he 
 h'ses the esteem of the Duke of Buckingham, ib.; dines with the
 
 I'liiK (^ lit ("ux ;uiv, ami i> kiii'llN li< :iti i| |i\ Imn^ 17 i : |.im> lii> 
 l:"ii| Iii ikI ami lui^tic-- tin- ipi. - n umiIh r, \\ liu diiil at I' im>, il> 
 
 i!i rc^')V, Sir JmIiii, a coii-iiirac \ .i:,',i(,i^I iiitii I'l \j< n lll^ . .iat<' ><n 
 accnuiit lit' |. !..|,\ , I - 1 . 
 
 - |iiinciiI((! to Kii'l; William, > ... 
 
 I\. trilllltlnii. law >.t, ^tlKllv t.iljnSol, III l.luillK, 111 >>,\!l/ I- 
 
 laml, I V 
 li'MiiL;., a iiiiiai kahji' li.iil in 'lie i liai.t< let ul liii- liilim-; tin. 
 
 Iia^r ami (.iwai.lK Nvav in vslmli tli'\ [uai ti-r il uu llitii mlv. i- 
 
 -.11 ii ', li ,. 
 Kr\ riiMi- lit [\\r ( iMWii tliiif tiim Hi'in' ill 111 U) anv [inu i ilnii; km:;, 
 1 '<' 
 111 tlir Kiiiu' lit Irami'. |i.;i! ii nl.u- arcuuut ot', JJ, J ;. 
 Ill \ \-iihii"iiiii ; ,!ii ,i|t|n'll,ilii)ii 'jiNiii In thr Kiiil; lit I'raiKi- liv tlif 
 
 r.iiilii rm ( |iaili'> \ . 'i. 
 Kiaitii, til.- (( k'biatril lii;iU'<', <'"ii-i-tinLr "ill'- 'if M;>oaii!i, >ituativl 
 
 iil>iiii lilt Caiiai (liamlf at \ .-iia f, (>. 
 Kirlu liiii, a tiiwii III ri.iiirc, ilc-( iijilinii ot il, -J'/. 
 
 ( anliiiai, .lit ;!.:- ih.' li-!iiiiL:-ti>\Mi "t liianiam' '"t" * 
 
 ( iiIiuiiihIimii- JiaM 11, .J; Iin ^.a--i rala^i'iii, '.3. 
 r.i.liiiMiiil. Dnk' lit. 111, i.ic 111. i-tcr lit' till' liur-r, J.l. 
 r.iili'.i^: l,i<i;i- iir.|ualil\ .il I.miI!^ hi I lam . i uIc a-li ulr lik.' iiifMi, 
 
 iliii_'.', .Ill I tall, in tiiw n, ,' i . 
 
 i;i',!ii-l!.. Ill I'lMiH I-, Iii-i.l:''I liv til.' Duke nf r>'u kiimliair, . ,' . 
 .Ii'-i I :|il H 111 lit t 111- i I w II, ... 
 
 r.i..ii,-Mi I, HmIi, r ',1 .1', ,'.; 
 
 Itn-tl.l, till- I .il.illl \ i.r I ii:illll>i|l\\< .lltll lit tin- { illv-)ll>, |()UlUl| 111 li-,l^t|r 
 
 \v illi "^vv li /I li.tml, ill; nanir^.il il-~ (anions, ih. 
 Hull.-, in ^^s,!- il.im! ; tin- tia\illi rs -|,.,.|, iheic, li. 
 ildiuui-, r.iiiji 1 <i lit lla-, a till, .i^-uimal lv tin- l,nip<r.n" of (ii.!- 
 
 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 \ I - 1 ', i - 1 1 - 1 \ til 1 1 1 - , 1 - - u 1 1 , 1 1 1 1: 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 M' r I 1 1 1 1 1 l; 1 1 1 1 \ , 1 ' 'i . 
 KiiUcnl.iiii, ,1 !,!!. 1\ tir,Mi, . t l.liial.-tl a^ Imiiil; itif biitli iilacc nt' 
 
 1 .1.1-11111 -, 1 i .. 
 Hum II. Ill I i.im ( ; i|i'-i 1 i|iliiiii III III, it citv . ,'. 
 
 i;ii(i\, lit' 1,11-1 M/.-, .uiiiiiiL' til' !i'li'|iii-- 111 ^t. !)( iiiii-'> rliiiia 11, 7. 
 ii'ip.-ii, I'm, 11, iMiii^ .III iiiii'iii; lit Mcturv ovri ill-' Dulili, ic,''.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ruppi-t, Piince, coninicinds the English fleet, 176, 
 Russell, Lord, 231. 
 
 , comniitted to the Tower, '277. 
 
 Jlye-Ilouse plot, the, 276'. 
 
 Siiint Dennis, a town in France; description thereof, 6 and 7 ; origin 
 
 of its name, 7, 
 Saint (lerniain, a house, or palace of the kings of France, built by 
 
 Charles the Finh, 6. 
 St. \ alary, a sea-pori in Picardy, 150. 
 
 St. \"errc, a place in Cerniany, where tlie traveHer.s lodged, 126^. 
 Sitintcs, a town in France, rem;!ikable lor the most cisiue llonian 
 
 theatre, CO. 
 >;siis-bnr}. Earl of, 37... 
 Salt, account of the French king's reveiiue from that article, called 
 
 la gabelle, 23. 
 Sampoule, la Saint; or cruise of oil, which, according to tradition, 
 
 healed St. Martin, 27- 
 Sands, Sir Thomas, Hcconipanied by Sir John Keresby arid a party 
 
 of gnaick;, [)ursues and takes the rebel Venner, J 66". 
 Santa Croche, a church of Florence, celebrated for its magnificent 
 
 pul[)ii, S.'i. 
 Saiulwich, Earl of, perishes in a sea engagement, 174. 
 Santa .Jul;;', a church at Brescia, built in 7''3, by Desideiio, king 
 
 of the Lombards, 57. 
 "aula jAJar.'a di Fiore, the catlicdral church of Florence, built on the 
 
 uut.'ide all of marble, 84. 
 ^anta Ahiria, a church at Trente, in which was holdeu the famous 
 
 popi>h coinicil, lOS, 
 Sauces, those of France excel the English sauces, 42. 
 Saumur, in France, des<riptiou of that town, 27- 
 Schenkensclians, a German tovvn, brief mention of it, 130. 
 Schombergh, Marshal, 360. 
 Schools at Padua, description of them, 60; public lectures read in 
 
 them. 60. 
 Schwytz, one of the thirteen cantons of Switzerland, 4t. 
 Scotland, the convention ihtre, declaring the throne of the kingdom 
 
 vacant, and vote William and Mary to be their king and queen.
 
 INDIA'. 
 
 ^(ipII.iikI, ;in iii-iirrc. Imh ih ir, :,". 
 
 "^1 I l|'tlllr 111 :.il liiu-l\ |i 1 \i 1 |i il I)\ ill' I' i|M . liMtahIc lll^! llli I- f!i( ir: ! 
 
 I\ \1<N iii'l< I III wluii li. HI .illiii.'K -I \ lii- ludt oil iIk link Ml 
 
 the l'.iii|Hior IVi'iii'M. k, (<(>. 
 Va-fiulit. M,i\ l(r7:, t>!\\<<ii llif Diit.li .uid r.iii.'li>li, 17 !. 
 ^<Li->tiil. Infill ni (;ir(liii.ill'ii(litiitu, ; ;. 
 S"(ll'\, ^l^-., . ic.it. (I ('. mutt ->, ot D-ik ll<^tc|, ; ,' | . 
 * ii.:t' Ik'U-. .it till' tii\\;i ot' \lll,'^lMIrl:ll, iic'>cri|)Iioii ot it, 117. 
 >iiit("iu c, .iiliiIr.uA, UM i| [)\ tiic kiiiij ut l"r;iiifi-, wIk'm Ih' wouM 
 
 li;i\< aii\ liii~iiii -- ti iii^.uttii, 01 (iKJiiiaiico i'ii;t''tt(l, 1'.. 
 .'^IkiIi-Imiia , l.uiil, oil ill t riii> uitli lln' ( niiit, is.,;. 
 
 --- -, i:,iii ui; :,ii. 
 
 iiiiiiclid, .111(1 llif bill tliri>\s.i nut li\ tlir i,'r,nii| 
 
 ,|in\, J ) 1 ; 1,' rc.it rt |oi( in^^ m (.nmlnii ,in,i Ali.l 
 illc^cx (III tli.ii (i(T;t>i(i!i. 
 
 xllt |ill-'>lKr ti) til'- '("i,\\ ri , Jl>. 
 
 _ liiN (ic.illi, Jr>. 
 
 *^ll.tllli liaiiMii, (iiic (il the tliii tccii ,aiit.iii> (it' ,'>\\ it/ci!anil. 1 ; . 
 
 *^lii|i|'iii'^, tliicc Iniiiilriil tlii.ii-aii'l (iiiuiiii- Mitcij ),,>_ \\>i, 
 
 **lhi|ik( ([11111,' .111(1 iitailin:: ijimmI-, c^t((iiii'l im ili-[>.iia'_M iiu ni t .. 
 
 ^aii ilil \ II! IlaU , r ' , . 
 ^|cc\c, L'lianN ol tile- a t uii)(.in\ -it llic riciicl' kiii',,''> ^i; irJ^ - . 
 
 ciilcil. I'*. 
 *<ii<)\\ -\>. .iter, llic iliiiikiiiL; t'ucrcot, ^.liit to (icca-i'iii till iiii,'i tiiiianir, 
 \\ liicli ill. iiili. till!, lilt ^ ot \ .i!c(iii;oiiic.i |;,i\c iiikIc!' til' ir i Iiihn, ,,(, 
 "^oloiliiii ii, one o|' tlif tiiii letai caiitoiis (lt^^\^lt/e^i. 111(1, ti. 
 
 , the lilt tlo|loll^ o|' iLe t .11 it oil ot' I he .11 lie 1 1,1 1 1 If, 111 S\Mt~ 
 
 /(ll.ni.i, IVIIL.I k.ilile tol It- .llieleiit tout!-, 17- 
 
 >oni( 1-ct. Duke o' It iiiM^ lo .It It 11' I I he Pope'- N lint ill, ~. ,',. 
 
 ^omel-el IJoiiM , >. I. 
 
 '>tiiii!i,iiM|itoii, i'iioiii.i- I'.iiiot, 111- il-atli, 17m. 
 
 ^u\\ it.iiliUL.', .1 li.ii li.irou- l; mil pMitiMtj li\ tin X.iuti.iii- .it tlitir 
 
 t .iiia-. .,1. "7 . 
 ^iKiit-, iiai titail, 11 ai count til tlioM- ni .u !i>t'(i >i \ > nit t tiiu in- i laa: 
 
 ^|>i'."_'iic, '*'ii r.'lw.ii'i, -l.iiii 111 .1 -I .1 li,'nt, 1' 
 ,>l.ilit,|.|, l.oitl. :i(,. 
 
 - - in- tri.il, : ;('. 
 t \%( 111. .1 on r'i\st I Hill, :
 
 INDEX 
 
 Stag, tiuduionarv story of cue whose Iioriis, &c. are preserved in the 
 
 ciiapel of Aniboise, 26". 
 .Statues of several of the Roman emperors, phiced in the antifjuary, 
 
 a stone gallery in the Elector's palace, at Munken, 114. 
 Steeple of St. Mark's clunch at Venice, ascended on horseback by 
 
 Henry III. of France, 6'6. 
 of the cathedral of Tisa, built in a crooked form, and 
 
 overhanging its foundation, ,07. 
 Steeples, two, near Middleburg, ^-ising out of the water, said to be 
 
 the only visible reliques of seventy villages drowned by a sudden 
 
 overflowing of the sea, 149. 
 Stephen, knights of the order of that saint, instituted in 1j61, at 
 
 Fisa in Italy, oG. 
 Stilicone, a Roman j^eneral, his victory over the Goths and Van- 
 dals, ()(). 
 Stranger-prince, who so styled in France, ij. 
 Streets, description of those at Venice, 6.5. 
 Suabia <u\d rranconia, two Gernuni provinces ; general description 
 
 of the manners of Jie people, and their acconnnodation of tra- 
 
 Aeliers, ug. 
 Sunderland, Earl of, ambasstdor from England to the court of 
 
 ] "ranee, \!j3. 
 Swellings, the inhabitants of Valcomonica subject to large ones 
 
 snider llieir chins; the cause to which this malady is imputed, 56. 
 Swiss, liiituiical remarks concerning that people, 52. 
 S\\i'zer!<;n<l, description of that country^ 44, &c- 
 Sword, the basbit-iiiltcd one belonging to V,'iUiani Tell, preserved 
 
 by the citizens of Zuricij, and shewn to travellers, 48. 
 Sydney, a beautiful youlli, enan;oured with the Di;clie;s of \'ork, 
 
 l68; he is banished the court, it). 
 Mr. Algernon, executed, 2S'2. 
 
 'i'v,diU3' observation re'^pecting the Britons, 41. 
 'Jtailk's, an oppressive Uw in France, causes an insurrection, 22. 
 Taillon, a kind of mililaiy tax in France, J'J. 
 
 laM's, Jiou rai-ecl at Florence, <ij; curious dispute between a 
 countryniun of Fioreiue and the collector of the ini|)osili<tub, ib. 
 J'* 11, William, Ills sv.okI preserved al /uiirh, in Switzerland, 4S ; 
 
 I'.t'- .n.iiiiiei ill aliirh !i<' -aved his cuuutr^, <7). 
 IVijiple, Su Wilham, IOk
 
 'r>lli|ili , Ml 111 nil -ci.taiA III u.il, iinl iliow .1 . liidlM-ll, l.K,. 
 (lilt It -l.iMK'iil, |p:t Ncivcii l>\ ill' lliiiuiiiu ;iii- ,it rxiloLiiii, wlu'li 
 
 tiit\ .ivMit t.) li.iM- Im-cii VM-itliii l)\ tin- |'iu|.inl I.mIi.i-, ; . 
 '! < triniif'. a >|>f( i(> <it t(\U M.iii- \\ li.it Km iiilihii.: Mill |Mita- ii;I, 
 
 |C(ull.U li. til \\\^-, j". 
 Till-, (In . .1 UmIMIII i>i;f (li's(lll)(i|, .;j. 
 'I'l'nlll-, , IM'VU n', t'.HIlHliy ll>t<ll>\ tlu*|)n|i, I ' I C I )\M I I 111" IjIljU' 
 
 i-)r 111' ( itrni.iiiN \s liii, I '. I . 
 I'|j'.uir~. an i.Irii ;\._- niaiin' m i'riitai:v, l/ilnni^mL: to tlu' Duko ul 
 
 I'lniiMull. , -. 
 riiNiui, Mr., iiio>! Iiai l..irim-l\ iuiiii!ri<'<l, ."'.". 
 I'liiii -, iiiiliai>|i\ ill r.i:i,'i..iul. 111 Kill ; luict -krt< h ,.t', l. 
 'i':t!<'-, a- "I r, 111, MaMpii-, r.ar"n, a.nl Knii;ht, ta>il\ a(i(iiiral)li' 
 III I'l.MKf, A'.)<\ i'\ hull- iiii|iiii tain <, 111. 
 I)\ \\ :ii.iM a>-mni i| iii I'l .im r, | :. 
 I'i', 111. - \. II -tainr^ (it ii,arlilr \\iiMi'_'lil |)\ iliat 1.11111111^ ,iili~t, |iri'- 
 
 - 1 \ 1 'i III "^t. \ ;ii 'it'll > '^ iliiinli at P.uIm.i, (i 1 . 
 i'. >i( ii-!nii-\ .TiMiiiit (ii M\ri,!l .llIioN^k^ 111. III.- till IT,. t', (l.-coiat- 
 
 ri- ['w r,ll,l'/i) \'fC.iilo .It l"liili-|l( r, .SJ. 
 
 I,,ui-, ,1 . ,;\ (.1 'I'ui.iiiif, -l\l>'il ///( < -iirdi n ttt l'r<nici, :<. 
 
 1". w li i,.. 1 ..) ( !.l(,mif. (It -I I i|ihiiii i>'i il, 1:7. 
 
 '1 , ..'ii,j, ill ri.iiht , |-,..|li |ii(Miiic> .nnl tnitriU ;,'cnlilil\, ; ;. 
 
 Ill ,!., .1. -. t ;j iiMM (.1 ih.ll li.WII, l"^i the tailKUL- (.nlllH ll lliililt II 
 
 ; III If, //'. ,iihl ; 1 '. 
 \ 111 i i.iin|., ii'Mili <!.( If(| ti. Iiiiii 'I I). In, 1 ) I. 
 I'luiiiji.t, . \(nu 111' A-aW ili-|i!aMil liN ,1 |.. iliiiiiit 1 (HJ that iii-Iiii 
 
 !,i, ;;I tl lii' llllU'l ,ll lit I I iiliiiainl III,, s' . 
 J iiS I,! "^I. M.dlin. |Ht-( i\f(| at M.iniKnitu i>i -anl tu liivo bcni 
 
 niu.i. iiliiii>K Iilliil villi \\ .ill r III tiiiir 111' M .in. it\, ,7. 
 iu-i n,-. riii.ii 111, iii'iM^ III l.iiiulnii with iiiiK li |i<im|i, ami i- 
 
 ii!,il:;iiIiii mIK i Mil it.uiitil li\ llif I. III". ]'i ' . 
 rMi..i|iii!, l,.:il.ir. Ill, I'll- iMiiMiiiili-naiil ..( Ill i.niil, .'.'.'). 
 
 V'ali MiiiiiiiU .1, 1 town 111 llil\, wlicff tia- iiili.iliil ant - li.Uf l.ii_;. 
 -\mHiiii:~ mihIi r tin 11 1 lini'., .n. 
 
 ,ll' llai, I li I 1 I'm \ -lll>li I t III lilt' ( ,1 i'iill>, I 111 I Id ' lit *^ 1 1,1 111,11, |>; 
 
 i!ri i\ all-Ill lit tin' ii.iiiii', ^ '. 
 ^ ;i'j:i'ii', .lac, ::i iiiImIiii.'IiN <,| \\\r |mi\uuc m wliiJi I'an^i^M- 
 ' ''ft,, -a.. Tl 'I lis tl.i- I Miiclii, s.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Venice, the description of that city, 6'2, cVt. 
 
 conjectures respecting the lirst builders of the city oi, 70^ 
 
 account of its government, and manners and customs, 70, 72. 
 \ enner raises a rebellion in London, on the restoration of Charles II,, 
 
 1()U ; he is taken and hanged, ib. 
 Verona, description of that city, 5J. 
 
 Verses over the door of the convent of Capuchins at Anjou, 34. 
 Viccnza, a city in Italy, description of it, 38. 
 Vienna besieged by the Turks, 27S. 
 
 relieved by John Sobieski, 27^- 
 
 Vin de Grave, a French wine so called, 31. 
 Vines, manner of their growtli in Italy, 102. 
 Virgins, of Cologne, eleven thousand of them martyred bv a king 
 
 of the Hunns, and their bones preserved in Cologne cathedral ! 12S, 
 
 Underwalt, one of the thirteen cantons of Switzerland, 44. 
 
 United Provhices, account of their constitution and government, 
 
 <flc. 153, &c. 
 University at I'adua, the sciences studied there, and its manner of 
 government, 6"(). 
 
 of Bologna, account of it, 77' 
 
 Unreformed triers, convent of, at Saumur, in France, 2vS, 
 
 Uran, one of the thirteen canttnis of Switzerland, 41. 
 
 Utrecht, the metropolis of the province of that name, description of 
 
 tlrat town, 145. 
 
 Wales, Prince of, with his mother, goes to Dunkirk, 371. 
 ' Water of Italy more costly than vvhie," verification of liiat pro- 
 verb, 91- 
 Wentworth, Lady Henrietla, 312. 
 Wharton, Lord, 317- 
 Whitehall, 299- 
 
 William and Mary, crowned the 1 1th of April, l67)9, 1-04 
 William, King, cough increases upon hini, 404. 
 Williamson, Sir Joseph, 211. 
 VVilloughby, Lord, 3()8. 
 
 Lord, made chancellor of the exchequer, 399. 
 
 Winchelsea, Earl, 3j4:.
 
 \' n I 1)1 -l> r, \I,u 'ii.i~ "!, Ill- I :: M .1' . i , ,ih'l ( 111 !"ii- v. . i -jw !ll|lI!_ 
 J;.- !lll!C. 
 
 Willi. 'W, t ii.niil. 'I ^l.i--. 111 ill- I liUK ii .'l^.i.t.i M II 1 I .il I |. ..!f, 
 
 (li -<i iliiiii,' til" '.M''.!' |Hi|>i-li < ill! IK 1 1 I I'll lit II iIh rr. 1 , 
 \\ mc^ 111 ll.iU . ii.imi - <it till' |ii :ii> ij>:il 'ii.-, n ' .. 
 f II niKMi\ , 1,'ctii'r.illN l)a I .mil -oiir, I I '. 
 
 ^\ ll, ll, . Ill ...U, t,l,.l n\ ,1, .It \ . As, .J". 
 
 \\ !\. -, III ill.' I.M\\ ( iilllltl |. -, . iirnlir.i'^f>l liV ;li, l.iw - til iLiMii'iiiI 
 
 MVir ill. II Ih.-ImmiI-, 1'": lli'-ir p; i\ili-u<-^ wiili ii-|iiii i., iIh- 
 i|i~j...-ai .>t iii. I! III. MI i.il;i |i..iii..u-. :i). 
 W oUifii, i:. ri.iiiir, lip M .(U.ilu.i-, ; 1 , lliiiM III ~>v. il/ii 1,111't -U riiii ll 
 111! 111. i: > !: I -Ills , . 
 
 - 111 it.iK kijil uiiiii I ui' .'.' ii-ti.iiiil. i'T. 
 
 Ill ;!ir l.'ivv ( miiliH' li-r 1 Ii.itiirj i!i-li< - lit I liiiiriial iiinlfl 
 1 1 I'll jM-Mit ..,i!>. In k- 1 |i tlnni-i l\i - w ,11 m, 1 ^. 
 
 ''l .11 'UDlllll, I ,.)l(i, I 'l' 
 
 - I'.iii. ;; t. 
 
 '; .Ilk, Dm ll. -- 1.1, hil -ll ,H li.Mn!\. 1(.^. 
 
 \ii:il|\it.\ Diuli. >- ..|', III.- (I. I i.iiiiii: Inr-' ir.i lr.i|ii-t. i,";. 
 
 M r.s ..- \i .lini.i, Dii. hi -- . t'. i;:. 
 
 i)i,l. .'t , all! rw.'.iiU Juii.-il. .: -n-.it I .\ i i ..| i h, TrciK h 
 
 l.llUI. l'_:r. .11:. 1 \ .'1 I 1,1 1 !. ; ll -( \' ||.. -|...k. .1, I f.'i ; 
 ll'' I 1 inill.lli'l- .11 \< . - 11 I ill' ill 1 I i'.jlilji|.. i| \nv ,:li 
 ' ' ^'.'i:! Ilirut .'.llh l'i.' l)l.;i!', '.lit I'.ilhiiit liliii.; 
 llii III 1.1 .iilii 11, . ' r : ll' ! Ill > .' :;!.iii. 11- \ :i. low 
 
 .'\. I 111. 1) .Il'll ll )Ml|ii|l . I . S. 
 
 . ...Ill i; 111 :ii tin |iii|ii-li -;i(i I -tilmi', i ; J. 
 i< 111-. Ill I,,k. ihr 11, '.li:- a- li.i.l l;;i:li .iiln ,'.il ; 
 'liiiiii- iiiiii-i ll a lailii'lii', .111.1 ir :l:;i- .ill 1,;- 
 
 I llllii. .\ IIU III -, . ^ 1. 
 
 Ill- -. I ..M.I 111 11 1 1.,_<', 1 77- 
 
 h> , .,! i.p.Mliii II \ l.'tli !- 1 1 tin |i'i| I , ' .' ! . 
 
 1 1 1 III 1 1- 1 1 . .Ill all I . .1.1, J V 
 
 .1 lull i.i II . ,i|i ll ilali i::iii In. Ill -iiK 11 I iliai: 1.. P.. 
 
 1 1 . .\\ II, J I . . 
 i. -1..1I li ,1- li.nl Iiil;!i .i.iir.u .'.I, _' ' ;. 
 
 - ll .'..1 , l| ll. I ill p! 1\ \ 1 I ..III ll, J'l '. 
 
 .1 liii I liii ll c\\ I .iiitmi-
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Zuiiigiiiis, a piomotor of ll;e f/piiiions ol' Lulher, at Ziuicli, slain in 
 
 l,).j(), in oj);:osing tlie papacy, j 1-. 
 Zurich, inelrop<)li> ;f she oauton oi the same name, iii SwitzerlaiK'^ 
 
 accLiunt of il, IJ, 
 the iiisl of .lie thirteen cantons in Switzerhinfl, 4 1 and 
 
 4:) ; the iiist also of the cantons that shook off the papal yoke, VI . 
 
 DIRECTIONS lOR PJ.ACJNG THE PLATES. 
 
 I'AGi- 
 
 1 . John Duke of F>cdford, , 2 
 
 2. Edward the Rhu k Prince, 3 
 
 3. \ ieu' of the Castle of Rouen, 6" 
 
 4. Charles VIE, King of Erance, , 10 
 
 5. The Maid of Orleans, 24 
 
 6. View of Orleans, 2 > 
 
 7. (;('orge Viliiers, first Duke of Buckingham, 32 
 
 o. View ol' Angers, in I'rancc, 34 
 
 *). ]Jiallo at Venice, O;) 
 
 J 0. Vieiv oi" Eloronce, 7^ 
 
 J 1. Erincess of Orange, Erinccss Pioyal of England, 141. 
 
 i 2. (^>U( en of Uolitniia, 1 44 
 
 ] .). < )liv< r Oomwell, 14S 
 
 1 4. View of Dover Castle, I V* 
 
 1 .'). Thomas Eord Eairfax, 1 () 1 
 
 ]Ck Duke of (iloncester, , Ui) 
 
 \J (ieneral Monk, afterwards Duke of Alhermarle, ]()J 
 
 18. Elate of the Elague, , . 16R 
 
 I'h Erince j;up< rt, . . . . i(>9 
 
 21 ). Ducliess ot Orleans, 1/2 
 
 2 1 , The Eari of Sandwich, . 174 
 
 ' ' Sir I'^duard Sjtrague, ........................... '7'"
 
 DlC! t 1 ;ci\- loil I'l. \i INi. 1 111 !!, \ 1 
 
 ;, M.iis -.1 M.mI, :,,. DiiJic- Ml \..i'. 
 
 I . I'lllli .-- M.IIA, \\ H. I.I llir I'.,,,. I'l U .111-1 .... 
 
 . l.,ul lit' D.nitiN 
 
 '11, \ ifw (il \\ imi-iu ... 
 
 " . \ lew 111 ."^I. .1 ,lilH >, 1 1 mil I III' \ lil,i'_:c 1 .1 ( ll.ll l!i_', 
 
 'S 'I'lif r.-iil "I' ^li.ttl-lnirv 
 
 ; ). \ i( w 111 ^ ink, 
 
 ,11. ri.itr.iit lit (IkiiI.- II 
 
 1 . I'lntMil 111 liu' I. .Ill 111 \l-vlr 
 
 .'. Dm!.. I't Miiiuii'Milli 
 
 : ;. Si I oiiil \ il'iK I-, I'liivi' 111 r.;ii kiiiLili. lilt, 
 
 . 1 . M,ui|iM- I't \N imlir-i' I , 
 
 : 1. Kill'- \\ illi im i ,,, 
 
 m I'lir ri.ili 
 
 ,1. (,tiu I II M.ii\ ' 
 
 " . \1 l|l|'l|. Ill li.llll IV 
 
 : .s. I nil Miiiiiiiiini 1 1^, 
 
 ,1' 1 li 111 S ( lIllllWl II, 
 
 I \ \i!!>n- I'.ail I't Xii-!' ^' .1, 
 
 -'"I 
 ]{ Il I 
 
 ,1 : 
 
 1 1 J
 
 This Daij was Pnblhhed, 
 BY EDWARD JEFFERY, 
 
 No. 11, PALI^r^IALL, 
 
 DEDICATED, BY P EIlMISslO::, 70 
 
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 NOllTHAMP'l'O.N, TJ1J-: EARL OF I^GREMONT, 
 
 Ay,D LOUD HOLLA XL), 
 
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 ANTIQUA HI A]\ REPERTORY, 
 
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