Ex Libns 
 K. OGDEN
 
 THE AMEEICAN 
 
 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ' SYNOPSIS, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 merian Inbcutions in tjre Ocss 
 
 ^ GO 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 FRESH ANALYSES IN THE OPENINGS, SINCE 1882. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 J. W. MILLER, 
 
 EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE CINCINNATI COMMERCIAL GAZETTE. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W. W. MORGAN TUN., 17 MEDINA ROAD, HOLLOWAY, N. 
 
 SIMPKIN, MAR SHALL AND Co., STATIONERS' HALL COURT, E.G. 
 
 AUG. SIEGLE, 30 LIME STREET, B.C. 
 
 1885.
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Allgaier-Thorold ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 75 
 
 Allgaier-Kieseritzky ... ... ... ... ... ... 77 
 
 Blackruar ('ambits ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 84 
 
 Centre Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 62 
 
 Centre Counter Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 
 
 English Opening ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 58 
 
 Evans Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 
 
 Frencb Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 
 
 Four Knights' Game ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 
 
 Fyfe Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 
 
 Ginoco Piano ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 
 
 Grimm's Attack in KB Gambit, Defeat of ... ... ... ... 74 
 
 Hampe-Allgaier-Thorold Gambit ... ... ... ... ... 52 
 
 Hungarian Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 48 
 
 Irregular Openings ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 81 
 
 Jerome Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34 
 
 King's Bishop's Opening ... ... ... ... ... ... 69 
 
 King's Bishop's Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... 70 
 
 King's Knight's Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... 70 
 
 King's Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 
 
 King's Gambit Declined ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 
 
 Meadow Hay Opening ... ... ... ... ... ... 90 
 
 Philidor's Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 39 
 
 Queen's Bishop's Pawn's Game ... ... ... ... ... 46 
 
 Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit ... ... ... ... ... 48 
 
 Recent Practice of the Best Players ... ... ... ... ... 6 
 
 Ruy Lopez Knight's Opening ... ... ... ... ... 14 
 
 Salvio Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 77 
 
 Sicilian Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 
 
 Scotch Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 26 
 
 Steinitz Gambit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 
 
 Stonewall Opening ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 90 
 
 Two Knights' Defence ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 
 
 Three Knights' Game ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 
 
 Vienna Game ...... 50
 
 INTEODUCTION, 
 
 FEW words are needed in introducing the " American Supplement to the 
 ' Synopsis ' " to English Chess Players, its republication in this country 
 is at once a testimony to its value, and a return of the compliment paid by 
 the Americans to the last edition of the " Synopsis ;" with this important 
 difference, that whereas the Americans took the 140 pages of the " Synopsis " 
 without one word of acknowledgment, the editor of this reprint fully recognises 
 his indebtedness to Mr. Miller, and those who assisted in the compilation of the 
 " Supplement." This may be but scant repayment for the labour entailed, but 
 it is better than none at all. Perhaps, in years to come, when the law of 
 International Copyright has been amended, such compliments as this will be 
 neither necessary nor possible, but as the matter stands at present we hold that 
 acknowledgment should be inseparable from copying, and we are -pleased to say 
 this rule is pretty generally recognised. Mr. Miller's neglect of it, therefore, 
 is all the more noticeable, and has induced us to refer to it. With these few 
 words we let the " American Supplement to the ' Synopsis ' " speak for itself. 
 
 2000068
 
 PBEFACE. 
 
 THE Editor does not assume to be an analyst of Chess apart from the army 
 of Chess players who have given thought and study to the Openings, 
 and played them for many years. The body of analysis in the German 
 Handbuch is the product of ten thousand minds ; and the best analysts have 
 not been infallible, as witness the declaration of Howard Staunton that the 
 Sicilian was the best Opening for the second player. The Chess Openings 
 come and go out of fashion without much regard for individual preferences ; 
 and they stand on shifting ground, sometimes strengthened temporarily by 
 a new line of play, and again laid on the shelf as the novelty is fully dissected 
 and its weak points made known. It is certainly desirable to put on record 
 all noteworthy ideas in the Openings ; and this is the aim of the Editor, 
 especially for those originating on this side of the Atlantic. Space will also be 
 given to the freshest foreign analysis. Nearly three years have elapsed since 
 the third edition of Cook's " Synopsis " was published. Since its appearance 
 there have been memorable International Chess Congresses in London, Vienna, 
 and Nuremberg, and several Chess matches between the great Masters. The 
 proof reading has been carefully supervised, the Editor regarding this as 
 one of the vital things in the publication of these works. His warm thanks are 
 due to many American lovers of Chess for valuable suggestions and assistance 
 in collecting material.
 
 EXPLANATION OF NOTATION AND TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 bsab 
 
 fee-raft 
 
 bsgb 
 
 bsfc 
 
 bs2 
 
 bsgs 
 
 bs'J22 
 
 b?ax 
 
 QR8 
 
 QKt8 
 
 QB8 
 
 Q8 
 
 K8 
 
 KB8 
 
 KKt8 
 
 KR8 
 
 BHb 
 
 2?2b 
 
 Zab 
 
 eb 
 
 Z2 
 
 232 
 
 g?22 
 
 ^H2 
 
 QR7 
 
 QKt7 QB7 
 
 Q7 
 
 K7 
 
 KB7 
 
 KKt7 
 
 KR7 
 
 eab 
 
 erab sab 
 
 eb 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 8^22 
 
 fH2 
 
 QR6 
 
 QKt6 QB6 
 
 Q6 
 
 K6 
 
 KB6 
 
 KKt6 
 
 KR6 
 
 rab 
 
 rab 
 
 tab 
 
 tb 
 
 *2 
 
 ^32 
 
 <H22 
 
 TO2 
 
 QR5 
 
 QKt5 
 
 Bo 
 
 Q5 
 
 K5 
 
 KB5 
 
 KKt5 
 
 KR5 
 
 9H& 
 
 9t2b 
 
 sab 
 
 9b 
 
 92 
 
 932 
 
 9?X2 
 
 tax 
 
 QR4 
 
 QKt4 
 
 QB4 
 
 Q4 
 
 K4 
 
 KB4 
 
 KKt4 
 
 KR4 
 
 9b 
 
 9^2b 
 
 9ab 
 
 9b 
 
 92 
 
 932 
 
 9122 
 
 9H2 
 
 QR3 
 
 QKt3 
 
 QB3 
 
 Q3 
 
 K3 
 
 KB3 
 
 KKt3 
 
 KR3 
 
 zsb 
 
 412b 
 
 iab 
 
 ib 
 
 Z2 
 
 Z32 
 
 Z?22 
 
 ZH2 
 
 QR2 
 
 QKt2 
 
 QB2 
 
 Q2 
 
 K2 
 
 KB2 
 
 KKt2 
 
 KR2 
 
 8Hb 
 
 8?2b 
 
 83b 
 
 85 
 
 82 
 
 832 
 
 OT22 
 
 8H2 
 
 QRsq I Q K tsq 
 
 QBsq 
 
 Qsq 
 
 Ksq 
 
 KBsq 
 
 KKtsq 
 
 KRsq 
 
 PLAN OF THE WORK. 
 
 The tables arc so arranged that each column contains the moves of a single 
 variation. The moves are expressed as fractions ; the move of the first player, whom we 
 invariably call White, being above the line, and the move of the second player, Black, 
 below. 
 
 The notation is the most concise English method in use at present, and will be 
 easily understood by the reader. 
 
 K stands for King or King's 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 cli stands for check 
 
 sq 
 x 
 
 en pas 
 
 square 
 ,, takes 
 en passant 
 ,, even game 
 best move 
 ,, weak move 
 
 Q Queen or Queen's 
 
 R Rook or Rook's 
 
 B Bishop or Bishop's 
 
 Kt Knight or Knight's t 
 
 P ,, Pawn or Pawn's ? 
 
 + ,, superior position or game (if above the Hue for White, if below the line 
 for Black). 
 
 The figures at the top of the tables are the u umbers of the columns, inserted for 
 reference. 
 
 The numbers in the margin indicate the order in which the moves are to be played.
 
 KECENT PEACTICE IN THE OPENINGS OF THE BEST PLAYERS. 
 
 TT may be taken for granted that the Chess Master never reveals his opinion 
 of the various Openings so unmistakably as when he meets other Chess 
 Kings over the board in the International Chess Congresses. He will skirmish 
 and experiment in off-hand play, and give much attention to the hazardous 
 moves of current analysis in the periodical press, but when confronting another 
 player of the highest ability he becomes conservative, and his Chess, in the 
 Openings at least, takes a narrower range. In the International Tournaments 
 at Vienna, 1873, and Paris, 1878, the Gambits were neglected, not one game in 
 ten being a Gambit. In the International Tournament Paris, 1878, four 
 Gambits were declined and accepted in one hundred and two games. As the 
 late Mr. John Wisker said in 1880 : " The present generation of Chess-players 
 seem to have convinced themselves that serious games are not to be won by 
 tripping up the adversary in the Opening, but by sound calculation and 
 judgment in the middle of the game, and accurate play at the end. Wo do not 
 regret the change. It puts an end to Gambit-mongering to getting an Opening 
 by rote, and playing it off against an unwary adversary and brings the 
 functions of the Chess-player to their legitimate bearings. Chess under the 
 Congress system is likely to become more a matter of science, and less a thing 
 of quips and cranks than it has been heretofore. As to ' lively chess ' we hold 
 the opinion that the Openings without sacrifices present abundant scope for 
 brilliant combinations. It must be remembered, moreover, that five-sixths of 
 the lively games recorded in print have arisen from weak moves by players 
 innocent of great intricacies." 
 
 In August, 1882, Mr. G. Reichhelm, of Philadelphia, one of the veteran 
 analysts of the United States, wrote, in answer to a correspondent's question : 
 "Are Gambits sound?" that "the theoretical verdict is constantly changing. 
 In the Muzio, Allgaier, Kieseritzky, and Evans Gambit the defence is at present 
 considered to have the best of it, the strong point against the Evans being the 
 so-called Compromised Defence. The Buy Lopez Opening is the strongest debut 
 in which no sacrifice is made, but all the Gambits are practically sound, for the 
 attack generally wins two-thirds of the games." 
 
 The Vienna International Tournament, in the summer of 1882, lasted for 
 over a month. We find but two Gambits (Evans and Allgaier) in the collection 
 of forty-two games of that Congress published by Mr. A. G. Sellman, of Baltimore. 
 The London Congress of 1883 was the greatest of Chess gatherings in its pro- 
 portions and duration. Mr. Thomas Long, the distinguished analyst, after 
 summerizing the Openings at the Congress, reaches the following conclusions :
 
 1. That the Kegular Openings, as against the Irregular, are the favourites 
 by upwards of 3 to 1. 
 
 2. That amongst the Regular Openings the open games predominate by 
 about 100 to 80 over the close ones. 
 
 3. That the open Regular, the Ruy Lopez, is first favourite, by a small 
 majority, over the first close Regular, the French, viz., as 53 to 49. 
 
 4. That in the Ruy Lopez, the favourite defence is 3 P-QR3, by 27 to 
 19, 4 and 3 respectively. 
 
 5. That different players adopt various moves at the same stage in the 
 same Opening. 
 
 6. That the same players also adopt different moves at the same stage in 
 the same Opening. 
 
 7. That Chess practice shows that at almost every step in each variation of 
 all the Openings there are several roads equally safe, and that, according to the 
 temperament of the player at the time, or in accordance with his ordinary style 
 of play, will such and such a move be selected. 
 
 8. That the best players at times adopt moves even in important Tourneys 
 which they condemn, as is evidenced in several of the late Congress games. 
 
 9. That there is scarcely in any Chess Opening one particular move or form 
 of play universally accepted as the best, even amongst the magnates of the game, 
 although there are some generally preferred, and therefore, so far, approaching 
 finality in the favourite " Openings " of Chess. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Blackburne, in summing up the London Congress of 1883, in 
 which he participated, said : " No striking novelties have been introduced by 
 any of the players. The Ruy Lopez, as in all previous Tournaments, has been 
 the most frequent debut. Zukertort, in his Openings, generally won on the 
 Queen's side by adopting the English and the Queen's Gambit. Blackburne, 
 Mason, Selhnan, and Noa, have persistently adopted the French Defence. The 
 Giuoco Piano has also more frequently been resorted to in this than in former 
 Tournaments. No fewer than eighty-one games or exactly one-half of the won 
 games were draws." 
 
 During Mr. Zukertort's recent visit to New Orleans, he expressed his lack 
 of faith in the King's Knight's Gambit, and the King's Bishop's Gambit in 
 particular. As a first move he condemns P-KB4 for either first or second 
 player. He declared 3 P-KB4 a lost game for the defence in the Ruy Lopez, 
 agreeing there with the " Synopsis," page 29. He approved of the Queen's 
 Pawn Opening and the Evans attack. 
 
 The foregoing remarks show two things : First, that the Masters in supreme 
 contests do not risk their reputation on Gambits ; second, that analysis of the 
 Chess Openings is still in a transition stage. Such being the case, new ideas are 
 welcome : and the eventual disposition of them is not always to be guessed. 
 They will serve, in any event, to give variety to the game ; while the surprises
 
 8 
 
 and neat little schemes of the Gambits will never be disrelished. It often 
 happens to beginners in Chess that an antagonist makes a move or adopts a line 
 of play at an early stage that seems invincible. In such a case the " Synopsis " 
 will hardly fail to aid the student quickly, and often suggest a counter line to 
 turn the tables; for some of the bits of strategy most troublesome to learners 
 are wholly unsound. A good manual oh the Openings is indispensable to the 
 player who would improve and keep step with the progress of Chess. Such a 
 text-book embodies the Chess wisdom of centuries, and productions of the mental 
 ingenuity oi all nations, civilized and half civilized. Yet analysis of the Chess 
 Openings is not finished. There are, doubtless, errors to remove and important 
 discoveries to be made. 
 
 The Game of Chess is better known throughout the world now than any 
 other esthetic human invention. It is the first thing, and the only thing thus 
 far to gain admittance into the poet's " parliament of man, the federation of the 
 world." It is the first language to spread around the globe, none the less 
 expressive for dispensing with words, and none the less intelligible for its 
 unerring appeal to reason and mental concentration, rather than to the diplomacy 
 of the tongue. The communion of two minds at Chess is not subject to the limits 
 of language or nationality. Some knowledge of so universal a pastime should be 
 regarded as a necessary accomplishment for all.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 THE EVANS GAMBIT. 
 
 THIS beautiful Gambit is still in great favor. In tournament, as in off-hand 
 play, the attack wins a majority of games. Analysis has not yet found an 
 entirely satisfactory defence against the Evans. Dr Zukertort is of opinion that 
 the Compromised is the best of the defences. For rapid, sparkling, intricate play, 
 this Gambit is second to no other ; and analysts are constantly called on to examine 
 new lines of attack that may be adopted after a dozen moves have been played on 
 each side. The variations in the following pages present some forcible ideas. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB;J 
 Kt-QB3~ 
 
 B-B4 
 
 P-B3 
 
 B-B4 
 
 BxKtP 
 
 Position after White's 5th move. 
 BLACK.
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 EVANS GAMBIT. 
 234 
 
 ( Sec Diagram on page 9.) 
 
 <J 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 13-JB4 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-E4 
 P-Q4 
 
 
 E-Qsq (11) 
 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 
 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 PxP (5) 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-E4 
 B-KKt5 (1) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 KtxP 
 
 P-KB3 (2) 
 B-B4 
 
 KKt-K2 
 B-E3 (6) 
 
 KtxB 
 Q-E4ch 
 
 R-QKtsq(7) 
 Kt-Q5! (8) 
 
 Castles 
 B-E3 
 
 P-Kt4 
 KtxP 
 
 Q-Q2 
 QxKt 
 
 KtxKt ! 
 BxKt 
 
 P-Kt4 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-Q3 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 B-Q3 
 
 Q-B2 
 
 Kt-Q5! (3) 
 
 P-Kt4 (9) 
 P-K6+ 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 Q-K3 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 Q-K3 Q-Kt5 (14) 
 Q-Kt2 
 
 P-Kt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 
 KxB 
 
 Q-E3ch 
 
 E-Ksq 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-QE3 
 QKt-Q4(i3) 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-E4ch 
 
 K-Ksq! 
 QxB 
 
 QxP 
 BxPch 
 
 
 B-Q2 
 Q-E3 
 
 PxB 
 QxBP 
 
 K-Bsq 
 
 KtxKt +(12) 
 
 E-Bsq (4) 
 
 Q-Kt3 (10) 
 
 
 (I) This move is disapproved on page 59 of the " Synopsis," but the " British Chess Magazine," 
 May 1884 says : " There is now reason to believe that it is the most potent form of the attack." In 
 the London Congress, 1883, Tschigorin made this move against Steinitz, and won on the 39th move. 
 
 (2) Best. If 10 Kt-K2, 11 Q-K2 is very cramping. 
 
 (H) Instead of 14 Q-Q3, as given in the " Synopsis," leading to a winning game for Black. The 
 move in the text is the invention of Rosenthal. Black cannot reply Kt-K2, or B-Q2, without 
 losing a Pawn, and his development becomes very difficult. The succeeding moves arc from the 
 Tschigorin-Steinitz game referred to, whicli will be found in the Book of the London Congress. 
 
 (J) Continued 18 KR-Ksq 18 P-Kto, 19 KtxB 19 RPxKt, 20 Kt-Q2 + . 
 
 (5) The Compromised Defence. 
 
 (0) Now generally preferred to 11 Kt-K2. Dr Zukcrtort says it gives the most lasting form of 
 attack in the " Compromised." The other plausible moves are 11 R-Ksq, and 11 R-Qsq, lately 
 suggested by Mr \V N Potter. 
 
 (7) Herr Andcrsscn was experimenting with this move at the time of his death. Mr Mortimer 
 played it against both Steinitz and /ukertort at the London Congress, 1884. 
 
 (?) Recognised as a better continuation than the " Handbuch's " 12 Kt-QKt5. 
 
 (9) Mortimer played this move against Tschigorin in the London Congress ; and 18 Kt-Qsq 
 ty.ra.inst /ukcrtort in the same meeting. He should have lost both games. Black's 11 R-QKtsq 
 i.s unsatisfactory, 
 
 (10) Continual 18 M nn is t}\<}, 19 I'xij I'.i 15 IM, -JO KK-Ksqch, with a line attack. 
 
 (II) Mr W N Potter's recent suggestion. The variations are from his analysis in "Land and 
 \\ater."
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 11 
 
 (12) Mr Potter says (in " Land and Water " ) : " Mate next move, save for a useless check. If 
 15 Q-Kt5 or Q-K3, then 1G Kt-BGch, and wins ; or (in the latter case) 1C BxPch as before. After 
 
 14 Kt-Q5, there is 14 KtxKt, 15 BxPch, followed by 15 BxR ; or 14 B-Kt5, 15 BxB 15 KtxB, 10 
 QxKt 1G KtxKt, 17 BxPch, followed by Q-x.ll, with a comfortable superiority in each case. We 
 would, however, desire to point out that after 11 R-Qsq 11 Castles, White can at once play 12 B- 
 Q3 12 Q-K3, 13 BxPch 13 K-Esq, 14 Q-R4 14 P-KKt3, 15 Q-R3, or 15 B-Kt5, or 15 Kt-KKt5, with 
 a warm attack in each case. There is also 14 B-Kt3, 15 B-Ktsq, or 15 B-Q3, or 15 B-QR3, with 
 more or less satisfactory results. Altogether, we do not think that 11 Castles will be generally 
 adopted." 
 
 (13) "If Black takes the Queen," remarks "Land and Water," "he loses the Gambit Pawn; 
 and if he play Q-Q4, then 15 Kt-Kt3, and White seems to have at least as good a game as in the 
 normal grooves of this Opening. As to 11 R-QKtsq, White answers 12 P-QR4, and smiles. There 
 remains now but 11 B-Kt3, 12 Q-R3 (among other replies) 12 Castles, 13 Kt-K2, or 13 B-KB4, or 
 
 13 B-Q3, with a sense of comfort. Altogether we think we have made good our case, which is, 
 that 11 R-Qsq ought to be reckoned as a candidate for adoption. We purpose dealing with P-Q 
 Kt4, and our ideas will crop out in the form of additional variations. To proceed : 11 R-Qsq 11 
 P-QKt4, 12 KtxP 12 R-QKtsq, 13 B-Q3 13 Q-K3, 14 Q-R4 14 P-QR3, 15 QxB 15 RxKt, or PxKt 
 (if KtxQ, then KtxPch, with an undoubted advantage), 1G QxBP, and White has rather the 
 better game. Instead of 14 P-QR3 Black may 'play 14 B-R3. White has three replies, viz. : 
 
 15 QxB, 15 KtxPch, and 15 QKt-Q4. The two last named continuations branch out into a 
 luxurious display of variations and sub- variations, some of them highly interesting. As net 
 result, White, adopting any one of these three replies, can at least stand his ground." 
 
 (14) "This may seem formidable, but as a matter of fact, there are two replies one bein 
 
 14 P-KR3 14 Q-QKt5, 15 QxQ 15 BxQ, 1G KtxPch 10 K-Qsq (16 K-Bsq, 17 B-KB1), 17 Kt-QKt5 
 17 P-QR3, 18 Kt-QG 18 B-BG, 19 R-Ktsq, or KtxPch, and White for choice. Instead of 15 BxQ, 
 Black may play 15 KtxQ, wherefore 16 KtxRP 16 KtxB, 17 RxKt, and, while claiming no 
 superiority for White, we must express doubt whether his bold bid for a numerical superiority 
 can be proved to be a disastrous stroke for him. However, there is the other answer, vi^. : 14 B- 
 K2 (instead of P-KR3). If Black reply with P-QR3, then 15 Kt-Kt5 15 Q-B4 best, 16 P-Kt4, with 
 a promising attack. If Black answer 14 B-K2 with 14 Q-QKt5, then 15 QxQ 15 KtxQ (15 BxQ, 
 
 10 KtxPch), 10 B-Q2, with a good game. Altogether there seems to be plenty of scope for the 
 analyst in 11 R-Qsq, answered by P-QKt4. Our method (continues Mr Potter) of improving the 
 attack is impugned by " W W," than whom there is no more eminent authority amongst English 
 analysts. He writes as follows : ' If your move of 11 KR-Qsq is met by 11 Castles, and White 
 then plays 12 B-R3, Black's reply should be 12 P-QKt4, not P-QR3, which loses too much time ; 
 and if 12 B-Q3, not 12 Q-K3 (which. is all right before Castling), but 12 Q-R4, and I cannot see 
 that the attack is at all strengthened.' We mentioned two continuations for White, namely, 
 
 12 B-R3, and 12 B-Q3. These are the continuations which " W W " takes up ; he replying to the 
 former with P-QKt4, and to the latter with Q-R4. After premising that these moves are of such 
 importance that they ought to be considered, though we found it necessary to limit ourselves 
 previously to more patent defences, we will proceed to express our ideas analytically ; 11 R-Qsq 
 
 11 Castles, 12 B-R3 12 P-QKt4, 13 B-Q3 13 Q-R4, 14 Kt-K4 14 P-Kt5, 15 Kt-Kt3 15 Q-Kt5, 16 B- 
 Kt2, with a game such as any expert would be well satisfied with. White might also have 
 proceeded with 16 P-KR3 16 Q-K3, 17 B-B4 17 Q-Kt3, 18 B-QBsq, with a satisfactory game, nor 
 will it have been lost sight of that he could, if so choosing, have forced a draw in this variation. 
 As 14 P-Kt5 evidently conforms to White's desires, we must see if Black can do anything better. 
 14 B-Kt2 would be sufficiently met by 15 BxKt 15 KtxB, 16 QxKtP, with a good game. 14 B-Kt3 
 admits of 15 BxKtP 15 R-Ktsq, 16 Q-Q3 16 R-Ksq, 17 QBxKt 17 KtxB best, 18 BxP 18 R-Qsq, 
 19 B-KKt4 19 RxQ best, 20 BxQ, and White has regained both the Gambit Pawns. The prettiness 
 of this variation, arising as it does from 16 R-Ksq, which is Black's most plausible move, is 
 sufficient justification for giving it, but the very defensive move of 16 R-Qsq was better. However, 
 as against that line, White would be content with having regained one of the Gambit Pawns, 
 without having suffered in position. If brilliancy be White's object, he may answer 16 R-Qsq, 
 with 17 Kt-B6ch 17 PxKt, 18 PxP 18 BxPch, (if Kt-K3 then BxKt), 19 KxB 19 QxB, 20 QxQ 20 R 
 xQ, 21 PxKt 21 R-Ksq, 22 QR-Bsq ; but we do not mean to say that we recommend this course, 
 Still, the fact that White has so many resources open to his selection, would of itself cause 14 B- 
 Kt3 to be shirked, even were that move in itself good. There is, however, 14 R-Ktsq, but that is 
 so slow a method of proceeding, that we would simply answer it with 15 P-KR3. However, lest 
 we may have gone beyond the reader's range, let us retrace our steps ; 11 R-Qsq 11 Castles, 12 B- 
 R3 12 P-QKt4, 13 B-Q3 13 Q-R4, 14 Kt-K4 (A) 14 R-Ktsq, 15 P-KR3, and we should look upon the 
 game as undoubtedly in White's favor, for now he threatens Kt(K4)-Kt5, with direful effects. 
 Should the Knight get there, Black cannot play P-KR3, as hitherto, on account of P-KKt4, nor 
 can he play P-KR3 beforehand, to prevent its getting there, for then c^mes another destructive 
 move, viz. : Kt-Kt3. It is clear, therefore, 15 P-KR3 must be attended to. Some may suggest, 
 as a reply, 15 P-Kto, 16 B-Kt2 16 Kt-Kt3, but then 17 Kt-Kt3 17 Q-R3, 18 B-QBsq 18 Kt-B5, 
 19 Kt-B5, winning a Piece, which is good enough, though we imagine that White could also have 
 profitably played 17 Kt(K4)-Kt5. Here we must leave the variations arising from 12 B-R3 12 P- 
 QKt4, while, as to 12 B-Q3 12 Q-R4, we will content ourselves for the present with proposing 
 
 13 B-R3 13 P-QKt4, 14 Kt-K4, which is the same line of play, arising by transposition." 
 
 (A) An article in " The British Chess Magazine," for May 1884, calls this move a real novelty, 
 and adds : " Clearly, in Mr Potter's own words, 11 R-Qsq for White, in the Compromised Defence, 
 is a candidate for adoption,
 
 12 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 EVANS GAMBIT. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 9.) 
 
 5 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 n Castles 
 
 B-B4 
 10 B-Kt2 
 
 PxP 
 n B-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 .. r QE-Bsq 
 
 Castles 
 lf Kt-Kt3 
 
 " Kt-Kt3 
 17 Kt-Bo 
 
 J E-Ktsq 
 OA BxQBP (2) 
 
 1 B-B2 
 21 ExKt 
 
 P-Kti 
 22 RxB 
 
 > KtxB 
 
 B-E3" 
 
 QxK C-J| 
 
 8 PxP 
 
 B-~Kt3 
 
 13 Kt - K2 
 P^QBT 
 
 18 K - Rsq 
 P-B5 
 
 OQ E - Bs q 
 
 Q-Q'2! 
 
 P-Q5 
 
 19 
 
 14 2 
 
 Kt-E4 
 Q-Q2 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 P-B3 
 B-K2 
 
 l'-QKt5 (1) 
 Kt(B3)-Q4 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 
 Kt-K2 
 KtxKtP! 
 
 Kt-K4 
 
 Kt(Q4)-K6 
 
 
 
 KE-Bsq 
 Kt-K6 
 
 
 Q-Kt5 (4) 
 Kt(Kt7)B5 
 
 Kt-B5 
 ExKt 
 
 E-B2 
 P-KE3 (6) 
 
 Kt-K4 
 Kt(KG)xP 
 Kt-B5 
 Kt-K6 
 
 ExEch 
 QxE 
 
 KtxKt 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxE 
 QKtxKtP 
 
 Q-Kt4 
 QKtxKtP 
 
 Kt-B5 
 Q-Q4 
 
 Q-E5 
 BxKt 
 
 QxKP (5) 
 
 E-B2 
 Kt-KB5 
 
 KtxB 
 E-B7 
 
 QPxB 
 Kt(B5)xP 
 
 QxKt 
 Kt-E6ch 
 
 Q-B8ch 
 QxQ 
 
 BxEP 
 Q-Kt5ch+ 
 
 Q-E5 
 ExE 
 
 ExKt 
 KtxE 
 
 K-Bsq! 
 Q-B4+ 
 
 BxQ 
 Kt-KB5 
 
 - 
 
 KxE 
 QxEPch 
 
 KxKt 
 
 E-B7ch 
 
 
 K-B2! 
 KtxPch + 
 
 
 E-Kt2 
 KtxQPch + 
 
 K-Kt3 
 Q-K3 
 
 
 Q-Q8ch 
 K-E2 
 
 Q-E4 
 QxP+ 
 
 (1) This page is devoted to a game between Louisville (White) and Chicago (Black). An 
 analysis of it, by the late Hon Bland Ballard, of Kentucky, was published in " The Louisville 
 Monthly Magazine," from which these notes are condensed. 
 
 (2) The books proceed 20 B-Q4 20 P-BG, 21 Q-Qsq 21 B-Kt3, 22 P-QK3, and call the game even. 
 
 (3) If BxTl White mates in four moves. 
 
 (4) If 25 KxKt, 2G R-B7 26 Qxll, 27 Kt-KGch + . If 2G Q-Kt5 , 27 RxKtch + . 
 
 (5) Immediately fatal ; but Black's game is lost. If 27 K-Hsq, 128 P-B3 28 Q-Kt3l, 29 KtxP 
 29 K-Ktsq, 30 P-Kt4 + . If 27 Q-H4, 28 l'-Kt4 28 Q-HG, 29 Q-B4 29 QR-Bsq, 30 Kt-RGch + . 
 
 (G) White cannot play 2G H-B7, because Black wonld reply Q-Kt4, threatening mate. Judge 
 Ballard is, therefore, of the opinion that White, on his 18th move, should play I'-lvl^i, instead 
 of the book move, K-Rsq,
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 13 
 
 EVANS GAMBIT. 
 
 13 14 15 
 
 (See Diagram on page 9.) 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 B-K2 (1) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-R4 
 
 Q-E4 
 
 KtxB 
 
 QxKt 
 
 Kt-Kt5~(2) 
 
 P-KB3 (3) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 PxP- 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-E4 (4) 
 
 KtxP (5) 
 
 KtxB 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP_ 
 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-K3 
 
 Q-Qsq- 
 
 Q-Q3 
 
 KtxB 
 
 QxKt 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxP 
 
 Castles 
 P-Q5 
 
 KtxKP 
 QxKt 
 
 B-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Bsq 
 P-Q4 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 (7) 
 
 P-KKt3 
 
 PxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 E-Qsq_ 
 
 B-K3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Q-B3 
 B-E3 + 
 
 R-Ksq (6) 
 
 (1) This move is pronounced bad on page 52 (Cols. 1 and 2) of the " Synopsis." The variations 
 here presented are from the " Schachzeitung," 1879. 
 
 (2) This move is not given in the " Synopsis." 
 
 (3) White could probably do better by waiting and developing. 
 
 (4) PxP is the move in Cook. 
 
 (5) If 7 B-Q3 7 PxP, or 7 B-QKt3 7 Kt-KB3. 
 
 (G) Game played by correspondence. Continued : 13 P-KB4 13 P-Q3, 14 R-B3 14 PxKt, 15 P-B5 
 15 P-KKt3, 16 PxP 16 BPxP, 17 B-R3 17 B-B1, 18 RxB 18 PxR, 19 QxBP 19 B-Kt2, 20 Q-K4 20 
 Q-B3, 21 Kt-Q2 21 Q-B5, 22 R-Qsq 22 B-Bsq, 23 B-Bsq 23 B-B4ch, 24 K-Rsq 24 R-KBsq, 25 QxQ 
 25 RxQ, 26 Kt-B3 26 R-B4, 27 P-KR3 27 P-K5, 28 Kt-Kto 28 QR-KBsq+. 
 
 (7) Played by Mr Steinitz against Tschigorin, in the Vienna Congress, 1882. Mr Tschigorin 
 (White) won on the 40th move.
 
 14 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE KNIGHT'S GAME OF KUY LOPEZ. 
 
 r I iHIS powerful attack is adopted oftener than any other in the open games in 
 -- match and tournament play. It is also a favorite in correspondence games, 
 Paris playing it, the present year (1884), against Vienna, and Edinburgh against 
 Glasgow. It is one of the most common Openings witnessed in Clubs and off-hand 
 play. In a recent article, in "The British Chess Magazine," Mr Freeborough says : 
 
 " The difference of opinion that exists with regard to the defence to the Lopez, shows that 
 the true theory has yet to be discovered. It is still undetermined whether it is better to play 
 3 P-QR3, or let the first player's Bishop stand on QKt5. The latter has been held of late to be 
 the only ' absolutely correct defence.' The ' Synopsis ' alludes to 3 P-QR3, as a loss of time in 
 certain variations. Mr Steinitz has repeatedly pointed out its disadvantages. In the early part 
 of the London Tournament (1883) Zukertort played 3 Kt-B3, but later he played 3 P-QR3, his 
 opponents being Steinitz, Winawer, Rosenthal, and Mackenzie. As an annotator he is silent on 
 the subject." 
 
 The Ruy Lopez was adopted fifty-three times-in the London Congress, which 
 was more than one-fourth the number of games played. The second players 
 adopted for their third move, P-QR3 twenty-seven times, Kt-KB3 nineteen times, 
 P-KKt3 four times, and Kt-Q5 three times. Nine of the players out of fourteen 
 adopted 3 P-QR3, and five chose 3 Kt-KB3 ; but, while all the players who at 
 times played the latter move, at times also chose the former, four out of the nine 
 never played 3 Kt-KB3. Messrs Englisch and Mackenzie always moved 3 P-QR3 ; 
 Dr Zukertort having about equally favored both moves ; and M Rosenthal though 
 also using both giving the preference to 3 Kt-KB3 ; while Mr Steinitz never played 
 the last mentioned move. 
 
 After 3 P-QR3, chosen twenty-seven times by Black, White replied in twenty- 
 five cases with 4 B-R4, to which Black answered in twenty-two cases with 4 Kt- 
 B3, twice with 4 KKt-K2 (Steinitz), and once with 4 P-KKt3 (Steinitz). These 
 facts make it evident that the best third move for Black in this Opening is still 
 undetermined, though 3 P-QR3 and 3 Kt-B3 are most frequently adopted.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 P-KKt3 (1) 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 BxKt 
 QPxB 
 KtxP 
 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 
 P-B3 (5) 
 
 KtPxB 
 KtxP 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-B3 (2) 
 
 KtxP 
 KtxKt 
 
 PxP 
 BxKt 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q4 
 
 Q-Q5 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-Q4 
 
 QKt-K2 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxKt 
 QxP 
 
 QPxB 
 QxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 PxP (6) 
 
 QxPch 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-Q3 
 KtxQBP 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Q-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 QxQ 
 KtxQ 
 
 QKt-K2 
 B-Kt5 
 
 QxQch 
 KxQ 
 
 QxPch 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-QB3 
 B-E4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-QB3 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-QB3 
 B-QE4 
 
 B-KKt5 
 P-KE3 
 
 QxQch 
 KxQ 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-K5 
 
 QxQ 
 PxQ 
 P-QB3 
 B-E4 (3) 
 P-QB4 
 P-K5 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-QB3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-K5 (7) 
 
 BxKtch 
 KxB 
 
 B-QKt2 
 P-Q5 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 B-Kt5 
 
 Kt-K5 
 B-E4 
 
 Castles+ 
 orB-Kt2 + 
 
 BxKt+ 
 or K-Q2 + 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 Q-E4ch 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 P-Q4 - 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-B2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-QB4 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-KKt3 
 
 P-Kt3 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 KtxKt 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 + 
 
 Kt-E3 (4) 
 
 KtxP + 
 
 (1) This defence is allotted but one column in the " Synopsis." See page 29, Column 30. The 
 result is given as unfavorable for Black. But we notice that the defence has been adopted by 
 Glasgow in one of its pending Correspondence games with Edinburgh. The analysis of the defence 
 on this page, except Col. G, is by Mr A P Barnes, of New York, and was originally published four 
 years ago in " TJiC Canadian (Montreal) Spectator." The defence merits more attention than it 
 has received. Mr Barnes says that it can be relied on for rather the better game ; but this is 
 probably claiming too much. 
 
 (2) If 5 Kt-B3 5 Kt-Q.5, 6 KtxKt G PxKt, 7 Kt-K2 7 P-QB3, 8 B-R4 8 Kt-K2 + . If 5 P-Q4 5 KtxP, 
 G KtxKt G PxKt, 7 P-K5 7 P-QB3, 8 B-R4 8 P-Q3 + . 
 
 (0) 10 B-B4 10 Kt-B3. 
 
 (4) Edinburgh-Glasgow Correspondence game, which was concluded 19th June 1884, by a victory 
 for Black. The remaining moves arc 14 BxKt 14 BxB, 15 KR-Ksq 15 KR-Ksq, 16 P-B3 16 P-B4, 
 17 Kt-KBsq 17 P-R5, 18 Kt(Kt3)-Q2 18 B-K3, 19 R-K2 19 R-QG, 20 Kt-Ktsq 20 R-Q8, 21 K-B2 21 KR- 
 Qsq, 22 P-QKt3 22 R-B8, 23 R-Ksq 23 R-Q8, 24 RxR 24 RxR, 25 P-Kt3 25 B-R6, and White resigned, 
 
 (5) If 4 Kt-B3 4 Kt-Q5, 5 KtxKt 5 PxKt, 6 Kt-K2 6 P-QR3, 7 B-R4 7 B-Kt2-f . 
 
 (6) 6 BxKt 6 QPxB, 7 PxP 7 B-Kt5, 8 P-K5 8 BxKt + . If Black G PxP, 7 BxQPch 7 QxB 8 Qx 
 Qch 8 BxQ, 9 KtxP 9 BxKtch 10 PxB 10 Castles + , 
 
 (7) If 9 BxKt 9 BxB, 10 P K5 10 B-Kt2, 11 Castles 11 Castles, 12 Kt-Ksq 12 Kt-B4, 13 Kt-B2 13 P- 
 Q3, 14 P-B4 14 PxP, 15 BPxP 15 Q-Kt3, 16 B-Kt3 16 KtxP, 17 KtxKt 17 BxP + .
 
 16 
 
 AMEHICAX SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS GAME. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 IB 
 19 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Englisch 
 
 Castles 
 
 " P-K4 
 
 8 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 Zukertort 
 
 P-Q5 
 
 " Kt-QB3 ' Kt-B3 
 
 9 10 11 
 
 Match 1883 Match 1884 London 1883 
 Paris. Baltimore. Congress. 
 
 De Riviere Sellman Englisch 
 Tscliigorin Zukertort Zukertort 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 12 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 liosenthal 
 
 KtxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-B4 
 P-B3 
 
 B-K2 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-QB3 
 BxKt 
 
 (5) 
 
 P-KKt3 
 P-KR3 
 
 g-K-j 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-Q3 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-Q3 
 BxKt 
 
 QPxB 
 Q-K2 
 
 R-Ksq 
 
 B-Ktt2 
 B-K3 
 
 KtPxB 
 PxP 
 
 QPxB 
 PxP (4) 
 
 P-KB4 
 PxP 
 
 B-KB4 
 Kt-B3 ? 
 
 B-Q2 
 Q-Q2 
 
 B-Kt3 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-Kt2 
 Kt-B3 (1) 
 
 P-B3 
 PxP 
 
 B-B4 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 KtxKt 
 RxPch 
 
 P-KR3 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtPxB 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-B4 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 BxP 
 B-K3 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 B-K3 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-KKtsq 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q3 (7) 
 KtxP 
 
 Castles 
 R-Qsq (2) 
 
 Castles 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 QR-Qsq 
 
 B-Q3 
 R-Ksq 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 QxP 
 Kt-Kt4 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 Kt-B5 
 
 Kt-B2 
 Q-K2 
 
 Q-K2 
 B-B4 
 
 Castles (6) 
 B-Kt5 
 
 KKt-K2 
 QR-Qsq 
 
 P-B4 
 Kt-B2 
 
 P-B3 
 B-E6 
 
 P-KB4 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 B-K3 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 Q-Q2 
 
 . Kt-K4 
 B-K2 
 
 B-R3 
 R-Ksq 
 
 Kt-K3 (3) 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 P-B5 
 B-B5 
 
 P-R3 
 P-KR4 
 
 P-B3 
 B-B4 
 
 P-KKt4 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-R5 
 P-B3 
 
 R-B2 
 B-K3 
 
 P-K5 
 KKt-Q4 
 
 QR-Qsq 
 R-Bsq 
 
 Q-Q2 
 
 BxB 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 R-K5 
 
 K-Ksq 
 KtxB 
 QxKt 
 PxP 
 
 P-B6 
 Q-Kt5 
 
 R-Q2 
 P-KKt3 
 KR-Qsq 
 P-Kt3 
 
 PxB 
 P-QR3 
 B-Kt5 
 Q-B4 
 
 KKt-Kt3 
 B-K3 
 Kt-R5 
 R-B2 
 R-KKtsq 
 K-Rsq 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 I' KKt3 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 KR-Qsq 
 
 QxP 
 Q-QR4 
 
 B-R3 
 
 Q-Ki 
 
 P-QKt4 
 P-R5 
 
 BxKt 
 QxB 
 
 Q- !j 
 K Ksq 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 R-Q2 
 
 Kt-Kt4 
 KtxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 PxP 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Kli-Ksq 
 Q-Q3 
 
 P-QB3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-KJ'.s.) 
 
 BxKBP 
 
 < t >l:-Ksq 
 B-K8 
 
 P-B4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 PxKt 
 B-Q7 
 
 K-K3 
 P-B3 
 
 li- K3 
 KI-B3 
 
 P-Q3+ 
 
 1'xlM 
 
 B-K 
 
 QlMxsq! 
 
 KtxP+ 
 
 KI.-I53+ (8) 
 
 For Notes see page 19.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 17 
 
 RUY LOPEZ KNIGHTS GAME. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 13 
 
 Nash Cor. 
 Tourney No 3 
 
 Blake 
 Vincent 
 
 B-E4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 14 
 
 Match 1882 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Martinez 
 Steinitz 
 
 ~ Kt-QB3 P-QE3 (9) 
 
 15 16 17 18 
 
 New New Vienna 1882 Match 1882 
 Orleans 1883. Orleans 1883. Congress. Philadelphia. 
 
 McConnell McConnell Blackburne Martinez 
 Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz 
 
 P-B3 (13) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Castles 
 
 KKt-K2 
 P-Q4 
 
 KtxP 
 
 E-Ksq (10) 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-B4 
 BxKt 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 QPxB 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 BxKt 
 
 Q-K3 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-QB3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-K3 
 KtxP 
 
 QPxB 
 QxQch 
 
 B-K2 
 Castles 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-K3 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 B-K2 
 B-K3 
 
 KxQ 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-QB4 
 Q-Qsq 
 
 Castles 
 KtxBch 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-K3 
 P-KB4 (12) 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 P-QB3 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 QxKt 
 B-B2 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-B3 
 K-B2 
 
 B-Qsq 
 B-Kt3 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-B5 
 
 Q-Q2 
 E-Ksq 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-Kt5 
 
 E-Ksq (11) 
 Kt-K2 
 
 B-Q3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-KB4 
 
 BxB 
 EPxB 
 
 P-B5 
 B-B2 
 
 P-B3 
 B-Q2 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 Q-Q3 
 
 K-Q2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 K-Esq 
 P-B5 
 
 Q-E2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 K-Esq 
 P-KE3 
 
 B-KKt5 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-K4 
 P-B6 
 
 QxQ 
 BxQ 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 KKt-K4 
 B-B3 
 
 Q-Q2 
 Kt-KKt3 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 E-KKtsq 
 Kt-K7 
 
 P-B3 
 E-E5 
 
 Castles 
 Q-E5 
 
 KtxKtch 
 QxKt 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-KE3 
 
 B-K2 
 QE-Qsqch 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 K-Q2 
 KE-QEsq 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 Kt-K4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 B-K3 
 P-KB4 
 
 K-Bsq 
 P-QKt3 
 
 QxP 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 ExEP 
 
 B-Qsq 
 Kt-B5 
 
 B-K3 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-E5 
 
 Kt(Q2)-K4 
 
 KE-Bsq+ 
 
 B-K3 
 B-B3 
 
 ExE 
 ExE 
 
 P-B3 
 P-QE4 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Q-E4 
 
 K-Esq 
 E-K2 
 
 BxB 
 
 EPxB+ 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-E2 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxKtP+ 
 
 B-Ktsq 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 BxKEP+ 
 
 
 P-B4 
 Drawn. 
 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 For Notes see page 19.
 
 18 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 19 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Fleissig 
 Mackenzie 
 
 3 
 
 P-K4 
 
 20 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Weiss 
 Mackenzie 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 J Kt-QB3 
 
 21 22 
 
 London 1883 Corresponde. 
 Congress. Match 1884. 
 
 Steinitz Paris 
 Zukertort Vienna 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 23 
 
 New York 
 1S83. 
 
 Teed 
 Steinitz 
 
 BxKt 
 
 24 
 
 Match, 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Wurm 
 Blackmar 
 
 P-QB3 
 4 B-E4 
 
 P-B4 (20) 
 P-Q3 (21) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 ^ Castles 
 
 QPxB 
 Kt-B3 
 
 PxP (22) 
 PxP 
 
 KtxP 
 6 P ' Q4 
 
 B-B4 
 KtxP 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-B3 
 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Q-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-QKt4 
 7 B-Kt3 
 
 KtxKt 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-KKt3 
 P-Q4 
 
 B-K2 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 P-QB4 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 B-Q3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 8 PxP 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-B2 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 P-KKt3 
 P-Q3 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 B-K3 
 Q P-B3 (14) 
 
 Kt-B3 (15) 
 P-K5 
 
 B-QKt2 
 P-Q5 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-K3 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 B-QB4 
 10 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-Kt5 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-QE4 
 
 P-B4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Castles 
 B-B2 
 
 QxP 
 B-K3 
 
 PxP (17) 
 BxPch 
 
 ExP 
 B-Kt3ch 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-K2 
 
 P-B4 
 10 Kt-Kt3 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 P-E4 
 
 K-Esq 
 P-KE4 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-Kt3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 B-Kt3 
 iq QKt-Q4 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 P-R3 
 P-E5 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-KE4 
 P-KE3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-KB3 
 
 KtxKt 
 -. KtxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-B4 
 
 P-Kt4 
 P-KKt4 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-Q5 
 
 P-QKt4 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Q-K2 
 1K B-Kt3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 B-K3 
 
 E-Bsq 
 QBxKt 
 
 P-Kt4 
 K-E2 
 
 B-B4ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 10 BxKt 
 16 PxB 
 
 KtxP 
 Q-Q2 
 
 B-K2 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 PxB 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-E5 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Kt-B5 
 BxKt 
 
 lb P-B5 
 17 P - B3 
 
 B-B4 
 B-B2 
 
 Castles 
 B-B2 
 
 B-Q2 
 Q-K2 
 
 B-Q3 
 KKt-Ktsq 
 
 QxB 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 Kt-Kt6! 
 18 PxKt 
 
 Q-KKt3 
 B-KKt3 
 
 P-QB3 (18) 
 P-B4 
 
 E-B5 
 B-K6 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-B3 
 
 P-KE4 
 Kt-E5 
 
 A0 PxP 
 
 10 R - Ksq 
 
 Kt-B3 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 Kt(Bl-Kt3 
 Kt-KKtsq 
 
 E-Qsq 
 Kt(Kt3-K4 
 
 K-B2 
 
 K-Esq 
 
 B-QBsq 
 Q-Q5 
 
 Q-E5 
 OQ B-K3 
 
 Kt-K5 
 Q-K3 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-Kt3 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 KE-Qsq 
 P-Q4 + 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 Kt-B6+ 
 
 Q-E7ch+ 
 
 P-Kt4+(ic) 
 
 KE-Bsq 
 
 QxB (19) 
 
 
 
 For Notes see page 19.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 19 
 
 NOTES, to pages 16, 17, and 18. 
 
 (1) B-K3 or Kt-Q4 is the usual play. 
 
 (2) Threatening KtxP. 
 
 (3) Capturing the B would lose. 
 
 (4) Mr Ranken prefers KtxP, as giving a perfectly even game. The text move gives Black an 
 immediate advantage of position. 
 
 (5) Pronounced best by M Rosenthal. 
 
 (6) Mr Selhnan says the weakness of White's eighth move now becomes apparent. Black has 
 effectually parried the attack, and comes out of the melee with the advantage of two Bishops 
 against Knight and Bishop. 
 
 (7) Dr Zukertort thinks this sacrifice of a P would prove unsound against the best defence. 
 
 (8) This page gives the preference to games won by the defence ; the main difficulty with the 
 Ruy Lopez being to meet the many resources of the vigorous attack. 
 
 (9) In notes to this move, Mr J Russell says, authorities are divided as to the respective merits 
 of 3 P-QR3 and 3 Kt-B3. An examination of many games favors the conclusion that 3 P-QR3 
 gives more freedom to the defending player. It is difficult to perceive how this move can properly 
 be described as " lost time," unless White choose to capture the Kt at once, as recommended by 
 Anderssen ; and by a rapid exchange of Pieces, endeavour to bring about an advantageous end 
 game. But Black has two Bishops and an open Queen's file, which should more than compensate 
 for his doubled Pawns. It may be safely affirmed that 3 P-QR3 is in no case objectionable ; and 
 in many variations is to Black's advantage. 
 
 (10) P-Q4 is a more lasting attack. 
 
 (11) The moves so far are identical with those in a game between Mrs Gilbert and Mr Gossip, 
 won by the former. Mr Gossip (Black) played 12 P-KB4. 
 
 (12) This weakens the KP. The proper move was P-KB3. 
 
 (13) A venturesome sacrifice. It led in this case to a finely contested game of 81 moves, and 
 a draw. 
 
 (14) B-K3 is the usual move. 
 
 (15) Mr Sellman says the move usually recommended is Kt-Kt3, but the move in the text 
 seems preferable, as it embarrasses White's development after 10 QxP. 
 
 (16) Clearing the position at Ksq for his Rooks. 
 
 (17) Leaving the beaten track. 
 
 (18) Black took the attack at this point, and won after a hard contest of ninety moves. 
 
 (19) Continued 21 PxB 21 QxP, 22 QxQ 22 RxQ, 23 K-K2 23 R-Q4, 24 P-KB3 24 K-Ktsq, and the 
 game is still in progress. 
 
 (20) Mr C A Maurian says this Counter Gambit yields the second player a very inferior game, 
 in the opinion of most authorities, but against an opponent not well versed in the books, it is apt 
 to produce a strong counter attack. 
 
 (21) 4 P-Q4 or Q-K2 are also good. 
 
 (22) 4 Kt-Q5 is preferable.
 
 20 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE FEENCH DEFENCE. 
 
 ft 1HIS conservative, though not necessarily slow method of replying to the 
 -"- attack's 1 P-K4, is very much in vogue in formal and off-hand play. It 
 was played forty-nine times at the London Congress of 1883. Blackburne, Mason, 
 Noa, Sellman, and Winawer defended with the French, forty-three times in the 
 total of forty-nine games. Tschigorin chose it twice, Skipworth three times, and 
 Mackenzie once. The remaining six of the fourteen contestants, Bird, Englisch, 
 Mortimer. Eosenthal, Steinitz, and Zukertort, did not play it at all. 
 
 In the fort} -nine games the attack proceeded 2 P-Q4 forty-six times, 2 P-K5 
 twice (Steinitz), and 2 P-KB4 once (Englisch). 
 
 The old line of play, laid down in Staunton's " Handbook," viz. : 1 P-K4 1 P- 
 K3, 2 P-Q4 2 P-Q4, 3 PxP 3 PxP, was adopted at the Congress but eleven times. 
 A more recent form, not spoken of in the " Handbook," viz. : 1 P-K4 1 P-K3, 2 P- 
 Q4 2 P-Q4, 3 Kt-QB3, was adopted by the attack thirty-three times. The defence 
 replied 3 Kt-KB3 thirty-one times, and B-QKt5 twice. This more modern attack, 
 3 Kt-QB3, was invariably chosen by Bird, Blackburne, Mackenzie, Mortimer, Noa, 
 Tschigorin, and Winawer. Mr Sellman always adhered to the older 3 PxP, the 
 remaining contestants varying the move. 
 
 After 3 Kt-QB3 3 Kt-KB3 White adopted 4 B-KKt5 eighteen times, and 4 P 
 xP nine times, a majority of 2 to 1 in favor of the former. Blackburne and 
 Mortimer adopted both forms. Invariably Steinitz, Mackenzie, Winawer, Mason, 
 Bird, and Englisch attacked with 4 B-KKt5, and Noa, Tschigorin, and Eosenthal 
 with 4 PxP. 
 
 Mr Thomas Long remarks of the frequent employment of the French Defence 
 in the London Congress that : 
 
 " We might, at first sight, naturally conclude from those figures, that one considerable 
 section of these fine players hold the theory that, in the battle for position in the ' Openings ' of 
 Chess, Black cannot hope to equalise the game in as short a period (if at all) by adopting the open 
 game of 1 P-K4, as when he moves 1 P-K3, but we must consider that it by no means follows that, 
 because the second player adopts the ' French,' the ' Sicilian,' or ' Irregular' game, that he is of 
 opinion that the attack, in theory, must obtain the better position in the open game. He may 
 be desirous of avoiding some particular Opening, with some especial antagonist. 
 
 "Likewise with the first player: it docs not necessarily follow that, because he sometimes 
 opens with seme irregular or bizarre move, as 1 Kt-KB3 or 1 Kt-QB3, as in the Congress games, 
 that he holds that the defence must obtain the better position in the open regular, of 1 P-K4. 
 He too, doubtless, has his object at the time he thus commences his game for we find the same 
 players moving P-K4, or otherwise, on the first move. 
 
 " The fact is, theory holds however practice may vary that the second player con equalise 
 the game in every Opening commencing with 1 P-K4 on both sides in some Openings a little 
 earlier than in others and also that the first player need have no fear (where, as in the Gambits, 
 he does not make sacrifice of material) of even the best defences in any of the open games." 
 
 In the autumn of 1883 " Land and Water " published the following appre- 
 ciative estimate of this Opening : 
 
 " It is now nearly forty years since Staunton commended the French Defence, inasmuch as 
 it ' by nullifying the advantage of the first move, gives a higher tone and character to the game
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 21 
 
 than it possesses while chance is an admitted element of the struggle.' The accuracy of this 
 opinion lias been, to a large extent, verified by the Opening's subsequent career ; for though the 
 adoption of 1 P-K3 by Black, does not entirely deprive White of the profit derived from playing 
 first, yet at any rate it goes nearer than any other defence, to placing the players on an equality 
 at starting. Nevertheless, though this has at no time been doubted, the French Defence was, 
 until a comparatively recent period, treated with much scorn. It was considered a mean and 
 cowardly method of opening. Now all is changed, and its adoption by experts of the first rank, 
 is frequent in important games. Mr Blackburne, as is well known, scarcely ever plays otherwise. 
 It was a favorite with the late Mr De Vere, and also with Mr W N Potter, in his day of active 
 play, and it is likewise much used by Mr Mason ; so that altogether it might much more appro- 
 priately be called the Anglo-Saxon Defence, than the name which its adoption by Labourdonnais 
 against McDonnell caused it to receive. It scarcely needs mentioning that Labourdonnais was 
 not tlie first, by a good many, to move 1 P-K3 as second player. How old the Opening is no one 
 knows ; but, as Lucena alludes thereto, it is very clear that Chess players four centuries ago opened 
 their games in this fashion. The special features of the French Defence (in its normal grooves) 
 are very easily stated. The Bishops on both sides become immediately liberated, and capable of 
 a free action. No clogging, no blocking up. The King's Knight comes quietly out, and Castling 
 may quickly take place. As neither side can hinder that operation, so, and for that very reason, 
 a speedy resource to Castling by each player becomes advisable, lest the adversary's King's Rook, 
 which so early takes part in the fray, should prove mischevious. The Queens' Knights are also 
 fit for fighting, and the Queens' Rooks are in nowise prevented from responding to any call for 
 their services. The rapid development of Pieces on both sides is, therefore, a special feature of 
 the French Defence. As a consequence thereof, it must be admitted that there is in the Opening, 
 a want of that richness which attends a slow, complex development, and also a deficiency of 
 sparkling positions. Another notable feature is the marked augmentation of the power of the 
 Bishops, with its corollary in a sensible diminution of scope on the part of the Knights, so that 
 the latter are sometimes only useful as corks, for the stopping up of diagonals. A third very 
 remarkable peculiarity of this Opening is the active part played by the Rooks therein, while as a 
 winding-up characteristic it is worth noticing that the Queen often has to play the undignified 
 part of staying behind Bishops, and backing them up. All these points represent one and the 
 same meaning. There is a free board, and this is the ear-mark of the French Defence." 
 
 THE following is the position after White's 10th move, in the game between 
 Messrs Weiss and Schwarz, given in column 7, page 23. 
 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 WHITE.
 
 22 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 FRENCH DEFENCE. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 l 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Schwarz 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Mason 
 
 3 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Fleissig 
 
 4 
 
 Match 1883 
 Havana. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Golmayo 
 
 5 
 
 Match 1882 
 Philadalphia. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Martinez 
 
 6 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Winawer 
 
 P-K3 
 P-K5 (1) 
 
 P-QB4 (2) 
 P-KB4 
 Kt-QB3 (3) 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP en pass 
 BxP~ 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-QB3 (5) 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-KB3! (7) 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP en pass 
 
 P-QB4 
 PxQBP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-K2 (4) 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-KB4 
 
 BxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 BxP 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-K2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 P-QKt3 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-QB4 
 PxP 
 
 Q-B2! 
 B-KB4? 
 
 Castles 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-B4 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-BS 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Q-B4ch 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-Kt:; 
 Q-Q2 
 
 P-B3 
 PxP 
 
 B-QKtsq 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-QB4 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-B3 
 
 QxBP 
 B-Q3 
 
 BxPeh 
 QxB 
 
 BxP 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-QB3 
 Kt-K4 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-K2 
 
 QxP 
 K-Q2 
 
 Kt-B2 
 P-B3 
 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 B-B2 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Q2 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-Q2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 QH 
 Kt-Ktfi 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 Kt-E3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP en pass 
 
 Castles 
 B-Ksq 
 
 P-KB3 
 Kt-K5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-Q6ch 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-B2 
 
 KtxQP 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Kt-B5 
 
 BxKt? 
 BPxB 
 
 Q-QB4 
 
 CastlesKB 
 
 K-Bsq 
 BxKt 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-K3 
 
 Castles 
 B-Qsq 
 
 Kt-B5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 Kt-KKtsq 
 Castles 
 
 B-B4 
 P-QB3 
 
 PxB 
 Q-B5 
 
 P-Q4 
 Kt-Kt4 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 Kt-B4 
 P-QB3 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Q-B5 
 
 BxlJdi 
 QxB 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 P-K4 
 KtxBch 
 
 B-Qsq 
 B-K3 
 
 BxKt 
 ExB 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Q-B4 
 
 Kt-KKt5 
 Q-Q2 
 
 QxE 
 PrP 
 
 PxKt 
 Kt-K4 
 
 B-B3 
 Q-QB2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Ks,, 
 
 E-B2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-QB4ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 PxP 
 B-B6ch (8) 
 
 Kt-K2 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Ksq 
 B-B3 
 
 P-KB3 
 Q-B3 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 Q-K6 
 QxQ 
 
 K-'Kts<j 
 Q-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 
 Q-Kt4ch 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-K3 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 B-Kt2 (A) 
 QxP 
 
 KtxQ 
 KB-Ksq 
 
 QxBP 
 B-B4 
 
 K-Bsq 
 Q-E5 
 
 QB-Q2 
 Kt-Ksq 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-Q3 
 
 QB-Ktsq 
 BxP 
 
 Kt-KKt5 
 Kt-K4 
 
 Q-li4 
 QxBP 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 P-Q4+ 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-K2 
 
 B-B3 
 Kt-K5+ 
 
 IXt-^j. 
 
 BxKt 4- 
 
 .U.-A1.2 
 
 P-B3+ (6) 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Q-Q8ch 
 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 
 
 
 K-Kt2 (9) 
 
 For Notes see page 25.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 23 
 
 FRENCH DEFENCE. 
 9 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Weiss 
 Schwarz 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Rosenthal 
 Noa 
 
 Vienna 1882 Toronto, Nuremberg 
 Congress. 1884. 1883 Congress. 
 
 Wittek Zukertort Fritz 
 Mason Aid. Judd Mason 
 
 B-KK5 
 
 New Orleans, 
 1883. 
 
 Zukertort 
 McConnell 
 
 P-K3 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 PxP 
 
 B-Kt5 (19) 
 PxP 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-B3 
 
 
 B-K2 
 BxKt 
 
 BxKtch 
 PxB 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-Q3 
 
 BxB 
 Kt-B3 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QE3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Castles (18) 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-Kt6 
 B-K2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 P-KK3 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-K2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles 
 B-KKt5 
 
 P-QKt3 
 P-KE4 ! 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Castles (20) 
 
 B-E4 
 P-KKt4 
 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 Castles 
 P-E3 
 
 B-K2 
 E-Ksq 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-K5 
 Q-Q3 
 
 B-Kt3 
 P-Kt5 (10) 
 
 B-KKt5 
 P-KE3 
 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-K3 (16) 
 
 B-K2 
 BxPch 
 
 Castles 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-K4 
 KtxP 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 Q-Q2 
 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Kt-QKt5 
 B-KBsq 
 
 KxB 
 
 Kt-Kt5ch 
 
 P-QB3 
 PxP 
 
 P-QB3 
 Kt-B3 (11) 
 
 E-Ksq 
 P-KB4 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 B-KKt5 
 
 B-KB4 
 E-Bsq 
 
 K-Kt3 ! 
 Kt-K2 
 
 PxP 
 
 P-QB4 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Kt-K2?(12) 
 
 P-KE3 
 KtxB 
 
 K-Esq 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Kt-K5 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 E-Ktsq? 
 
 E-Ksq 
 K-Kt2 
 
 ExKt 
 Kt-B5 
 
 Kt-KE4 
 B-Bsq (14) 
 
 PxKt 
 P-QE3 
 
 P-KB4 
 KtPxPenp 
 
 B-B4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 KtxB 
 
 P-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 B-Kt5 (17) 
 PxKt 
 
 E-Esq 
 Kt-B4ch 
 
 Kt-Kt6 
 Q-Qsq 
 
 Kt-B5ch 
 BxKt 
 
 QxKt 
 P-B3 
 
 P-B4 
 Kt-K2 
 
 PxKt 
 PxP 
 
 K-B2 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 KtxBch 
 QxKt 
 
 KBxB 
 P-KE4 
 
 Kt-K5 
 P-B5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-B4 
 
 B-E4 
 P-B3 
 
 ExEch 
 K-Q2 
 
 BxE 
 PxKt 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-B3 
 
 E-K2 
 B-KB4 
 
 Kt-K5 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-Kt2 
 
 PxP 
 
 Q-Kt6ch 
 
 PxP 
 
 B-E3 
 
 Q-Kt5 
 E-Esq 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 Q-K2 
 BxB 
 
 Q-E5 
 P-E3 
 
 K-K2 
 Q-Kt7ch 
 
 E-Ksq 
 Q-B4 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-E2 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-Kt5 
 
 K-Ksq 
 
 Q-Kt8ch+ 
 
 B-K5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 E-K6+ 
 
 P-E3 (13) 
 
 Q-E5 (15) 
 
 P-E3+ 
 
 
 ExKt+ 
 
 For Notes see page 390
 
 24 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 FRENCH DEFENCE. 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Paulseu 
 Mason 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 Noa 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 Pleissig 
 
 ! Toronto, 
 1883. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Kittson 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 Noa 
 
 
 P-K3 
 P-Q4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-K5 
 
 PxP 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-QB3 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 B-Q3 
 
 
 
 
 
 B-Q2 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 
 
 B-KKt5 
 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 PxP 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-B3 
 
 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Q-K2ch 
 B-K2 
 
 
 BxP 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-KQ B-KKt5 
 
 
 B-KKt5(24) 
 P-B4 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-E4 
 
 
 Q-B2 
 B-KB4 
 
 Q-B2 B-KKt5 
 Kt-Kt3 P-KE3 
 
 
 P-B3 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 i r\ 
 
 KKt-K2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 B-K3 B-E4 
 P-Kt3 (21) P-KKt4(22) 
 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 Q-B2 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-B3 
 
 10 
 
 B-Kt3 
 P-QB4 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-K5 
 
 
 E-Ksq 
 B-Kt2 
 
 CastlesQE 
 
 Castles 
 
 10 
 
 P-QB3 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-B4 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-B4 
 
 E-QBsq 
 P-B5 
 
 P-KKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 1Q 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-Kt3 
 
 BxB 
 QxB 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 KtxKt 
 
 B-Ktsq 
 P-Kt4 
 
 BxB 
 EPxB 
 
 
 QKt-K2 
 P-K4 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 KtxKt 
 P-B5? 
 
 " BxKt 
 KtxB 
 
 Kt-K5 
 KtxKt 
 
 Ifi 
 
 P-B3 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 Q-B5 
 
 QxPch 
 K-Kt2 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 P-QE4 
 
 PxKt 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 16 
 
 E-QBsq 
 E-E2 
 
 E-K3 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-B3 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-K5 
 P-Kt5 
 
 P-KE4! 
 BxB 
 
 17 
 
 B-B2 
 P-KE5 
 
 QxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 ' Q-B2 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 PxB 
 QxP 
 
 1R 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 R-B2 
 
 PxB 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-B5 
 
 Kt-Kt4 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-K6 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 19 
 
 P-QKt4 
 PxP 
 
 Q-K2 (23) 
 E-B2 
 
 Q-K6 
 E-B3 
 
 P-B3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-KB4 (25) 
 
 20 
 
 BxP 
 BxB 
 
 E-Ksq 
 P-KE4 
 
 Q-K4 
 PxPch 
 
 PxKt 
 QPxP 
 
 
 
 PxB+ 
 
 B-K5+ 
 
 K-Esq+ 
 
 Kt-K5+ 
 
 
 For Notes see page 25.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 25 
 
 NOTES, to pages 22, 23, and 24. 
 
 (1) One of several innovations tried by Mr Steinitz at this Congress. 
 
 (2) Mr Sellman would prefer 2 P-Q4 or 2 P-KB3. 
 
 (3) Mr Max Judd suggests for Black 3 P-KK14, with the view of isolating White's KP. 
 
 (4) Not good, the Kt should have gone to B3. 
 (A) Black should have Castled at his llth move. 
 
 (5) Novelty for novelty. 
 
 (6) The game ran up to nearly 60 moves, White winning at last by a slight advantage in position. 
 
 (7) Mr Gunsberg and the London " CHESS PLAYEK'S CHRONICLE " approve of this reply. Should 
 White take the P, Black retakes with the Kt, thereby having won a move. If White support his 
 exposed K P, Black further develops his attack on the advanced position. 
 
 (8) It is said that this move cost Steinitz 70, and a division of the first honors at the Vienna 
 Congress. The game is one of those fought after the last round, to decide the tie, the result 
 being another and final tie. 
 
 (9) Continued 21 Q-E5 21 KtxB, 22 Q-B3ch 22 P-K4, 23 KtxKt 23 Q-Kt4. 24 P-Kt3 24 R-Bsq, 
 25 Kt-K4 25 Q-K2, 20 Kt-Q5 26 Q-K3, 27 Kt-B7 27 Q-E3ch, and White resigned. 
 
 (10) Mr Steinitz said this is new, and it is strange that the simple combination of the last two 
 moves, which wins a Pawn, should not have been adopted before. Though Black obtains some 
 counter attack, this does not outweigh the material loss. (See Diagram on page 21.) 
 
 (11) Best, to prevent Kt-B5. 
 
 (12) An error. It was here important to gain a move, which could have been effected by Kt- 
 K4, compelling an exchange of Pieces or the retreat of the Bishop. 
 
 (13) White won in an end game, having two Bishops against two Knights. 
 
 (14) Loss of time. Mr Sellman says Kt-K5 would have relieved him at once from the 
 threatened pressure. 
 
 (15) Black won. 
 
 (16) Dr I Byall says B-E4, is better. The text move confines White's Pieces, and apparently 
 gives the attack to Black. 
 
 (17) PxKt would be better, winning a Pawn with a good position. 
 
 (18) Premature. 
 
 (19) This move, with the capture of Kt that follows, is condemned by the authorities ; but Mr 
 McConnell prefers it to 3 Kt-KB3 for the defence. 
 
 (20) B-R3 would hamper Black's game. 
 
 (21) A new idea, played successfully by Dr Zukertort at the London Congress. Mr Freeborough 
 says this move of White is to be recommended, as it enables him to conduct on both wings, 
 operations that may supplement each other. 
 
 (22) A line of attack first prominently brought into notice at this tournament, by the Vienna 
 players. 
 
 (23) Black takes the attack from this point. 
 
 (24) This more was adopted in reply to 7 Kt-B3, in a series of games between Messrs Judd and 
 Kittson, of the Hamilton (Ontario) Chess Club, and they arc of the opinion that 7 B-KKt5 is 
 Black's best move. 
 
 (25) Mr Sellman says this is to the point. ShouH White now play 19 QxBP, Black responds 
 with 19 KR-Bsq, and the following would be the best moves in continuation : 20 RxP 20 QxR, 
 21 QxKtch 21 RxQ, 22 PxQ, and Black comes out with the exchange against two clear Pawns; 
 the chances appearing to be about equal. White eventually won, Black letting victory slip 
 through his fingers.
 
 26 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE SCOTCH GAMBIT. 
 
 NO very prominent novelty in this Gambit has been presented within the last 
 three years. The Opening, as generally played now, is not a Gambit, the 
 Pawn being recaptured on White's fourth move. Nearly all variations of the 
 Scotch lead to highly interesting, and often brilliant positions, and it is a game 
 prolific of counter attacks for Black. The neglect of such Openings in tournaments 
 and matches, is typical of the state of affairs which induced Mr John Buskin to 
 write recently to an English periodical, " Chess, I urge pupils to learn, and enjoy 
 it myself, to the point of its becoming a temptation to waste of time,- often very 
 difficult to resist ; and I have really serious thoughts of publishing a selection of 
 favorite old games, by Chess players of real genius and imagination, as opposed to 
 the stupidity, called Chess playing in modern days. Pleasant 'play,' truly ! in 
 which the opponents sit calculating and analysing for twelve hours, tire each other 
 nearly into apoplexy or idiocy, and end in a draw, or a victory by an odd Pawn." 
 While Mr Buskin does not quite do justice to the modern time limit system in set 
 encounters, he will find a multitude to agree with him, that the favorite old games 
 are more interesting than those of the present day. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 PxP 
 
 Position after Black's 3rd move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 WHITE.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 27 
 
 SCOTCH GAMBIT. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 26.) 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Match 1882 
 London. 
 
 Blackburnc 
 Mackenzie 
 
 KtxP 
 
 2 
 
 Coml Gaz Cor 
 Tourney 1883. 
 
 Ferris 
 Braithwaite 
 
 B-QB4 
 
 3 
 
 Hamilton 
 1882 Tourney. 
 
 Braithwaite 
 Henderson 
 
 4 
 
 Nuremberg 
 1883 Congress. 
 
 Blackburne 
 Gunsberg 
 
 Q-Q2 
 
 5 
 
 Challenge Cup 
 M'chester 1884. 
 
 Von Zabem 
 Jones 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 6 
 
 St. George's v 
 Bristol, &c. 84 
 
 Wayte 
 Fedden 
 
 B-B4 
 B-K3 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-QB3 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-B2 (1) 
 
 B-Kt3 (2) 
 QKt-E3 (3) 
 Q-Kt3 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-K5 
 Q-E3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 Q-Q2 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-KE3 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-QB4 
 
 KtxKt (8) 
 PxKt 
 
 Q-Kt5 
 B-K2 (10) 
 
 Kt-K3 
 Kt-B4 
 
 B-Q2 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-Q3 
 CastlesKE 
 
 B-Kt3 
 B-Q3 
 
 Q-E6 
 B-B3 
 
 P-Q3 
 KtxB 
 
 KKt-Kt3 
 P-KB4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 B-KB4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-E3 
 
 EPxKt 
 B-QB4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-B5 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 E-Qsq 
 
 CastlesKE 
 
 P-KE4 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 P-KKt4 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt(Q2)-B3 
 
 KKt-K4 
 Q-E5 
 
 Castles 
 QE-Bsq 
 
 Castles 
 P-QKt4 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 CastlQR(4) 
 
 Kt-K4 
 K-Esq 
 
 P-KKt3 
 PxP 
 
 K-Esq 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-K2 
 
 Q-Q2 
 CastQE(ll) 
 
 Kt-K4 
 B-K2 
 
 P-KE3 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 QxP 
 Q-E4 
 
 Q-E2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-QE3 
 
 Q-B3ch 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 Kt-B4 
 BxKt 
 
 PxKt (6) 
 Kt-K6 
 
 K-Kt2 
 B-Qsq 
 
 P-B4 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-E4 
 
 B-KB4ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 KtPxB 
 P-KB4 
 
 BxB! 
 
 KtxE 
 
 P-B4 
 B-E5 
 
 P-Kt4? 
 PxP 
 PxKt 
 BxP 
 
 B-E2 (9) 
 P-Kt5 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 E-QBsq 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-B5 
 
 B-B3 
 Kt-Q7 
 
 Q-B3 
 B-Kt5+ 
 
 Kt-K2 
 QxP 
 
 P-QB3 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-Kt5 
 
 Q-Kt4 
 KtxP+ 
 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 B-K5 
 B-B3+ 
 
 K-Q2 
 Kt-Ktsq 
 
 Q-K4 (5) 
 
 
 B-Q2 (7) 
 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 For Notes see page 29.
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 SCOTCH GAMBIT. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 26.) 
 9 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 1882. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 Maurian 
 
 KtxP 
 
 Nuremberg 
 1883 Congress. 
 
 Paulsen 
 Leffman 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Fleissig 
 Zukertort 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Paulsen 
 Winawer 
 
 Match 1883 
 Havana. 
 
 Golmayo 
 
 Steinitz 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Rosenthal 
 Bird 
 
 B-QB4 
 
 P-Q4 (12) 
 B-QKt5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-B4 
 B-K3 (16) 
 
 Q-E5 (18) 
 Kt-Kto 
 
 B-B4 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-Q3 
 PxP 
 
 B-Kt5 
 KtxKt 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-QB3 
 
 B-Kt5ch(i9 
 P-QB3 
 
 g-KPch 
 B-K2 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-B3 
 
 QxP 
 KtxKt (13) 
 
 BxKtch 
 PxB 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-B2 
 
 B-B4 
 Q-K2 
 B-Kt3 
 B-K3 (20) 
 
 B-Kt5ch 
 B-Q2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 Q-Kt3 
 BxKt 
 BxPch 
 
 Q-K5ch 
 Q-K2 
 
 QPxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 K-Qsq 
 Castles 
 
 QxQch 
 KxQ 
 
 B-Kt5 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K4 
 BxB 
 
 Q-Qsq 
 BxB 
 
 BxB 
 QxB 
 
 K-Bsq 
 PxB (24) 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-E4 
 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles 
 
 PxB 
 Kt-K3 
 
 EPxB 
 P-KKt3 
 
 P-QE3 
 KKt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Q5 
 
 B-Q2 
 B-B4 
 
 Q-Q2 
 B-K3 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-E4ch 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Q-KE5 
 Kt-E3 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 B-K6 
 
 P-QKt4 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-KE4 
 P-QE4 
 
 P-B3 
 B-K2 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-B3 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 B-B5 
 
 PxB 
 KtxB 
 
 P-E5 
 Q-Ktsq 
 
 CastlesKE 
 CastlesKE 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-E3 
 QE-Qsq(2l) 
 
 B-Kt3 
 B-B4 
 
 KxKt 
 K-Qsqch 
 
 P-QKt3 
 P-E5 
 
 Kt(Q2)-Kt3 
 P-KKt3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 P-KE3 
 
 QxQ 
 ExQ 
 
 Q-E4 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 K-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 K-K2' 
 E-Qsq 
 
 KE-Qsq 
 Q-B2 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 E-Ksq 
 Q-Qsq 
 
 E-Ksqch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 P-B4 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-E6? 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-B4 
 PxP 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Q-B2 
 K-Esq 
 
 P-K6 
 PxP 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-K5 (15) 
 
 BxE 
 PxKt 
 
 ExP 
 B-K4 
 
 P-Q3 
 QE-K2 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-E3 
 
 BxP 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-QBsq 
 
 KtxP 
 ExB 
 
 E-B3 
 
 CastlesKE 
 Q-Q2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-KB4 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxP 
 
 P-E6 
 B-Bsq 
 
 Q-K3 
 Kt(Q2)-B4 
 
 Kt-Q5 (22) 
 E-K4 
 
 KtxP 
 PxKt 
 
 E-K5 
 B-Kt3 
 
 KtxP 
 Q-Kt5 
 
 P-QKt4 
 
 QE-KBsq 
 QE-Qsq+ 
 
 KtxBch 
 PxKt 
 
 QxB 
 B-Q7 
 
 KtxKt + (17 
 
 P-QE4 (14) 
 
 Kt.-B6ch!+ 
 
 
 Kt-B4 (23; 
 
 E-Qsq 
 
 Game was 
 drawn. 
 
 For Notes see page 29.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 29 
 
 NOTES, to pages 27 and 28. 
 
 (1) The usual continuation for White here is B-QB4, B-QKt5, or Q-Q2. 
 
 (2) P-Q3 may also be played. Mr Steinitz commended the Captain's move, as he obtained an 
 open Rook's file later on, when the Bishops were exchanged. 
 
 (3) Mr Steinitz would have preferred Kt-Q2. Black is able to defeat White's intention to 
 exchange the B, and play Kt-Kt5. 
 
 (4) White should rather have continued the advance on the K side with P-KR4. 
 
 (5) Continued 21 B-B3 21 ExP, and Black won. Mr Steinitz attributes the loss of the game to 
 White's failure to push on his KRP. 
 
 (6) If 16 QxKt, 17 Kt-B3, and White wins a Piece. 
 
 (7) Continued 21 R-K7 ! 21 Q-Kt3, 22 RxB 22 KR-Qsq, 23 B-K5ch 23 KtxB, 24 PxKt 24 RxR, 
 25 QxR, and White won In this game White made the best development in opening. His 21st 
 move brought about a winning end game. 
 
 (8) The approved move is BxKt. 
 
 (9) Losing a Pawn. But if the B had not been moved, White's Kt would have taken it, greatly 
 weakening Black's centre. 
 
 (10) Rev W Wayte says Q-Q2, followed by B-Kt2 seems equally good. 
 
 (11) Better have Castled with KR, says the same authority, and if 15 P-R5, 16 P-KKt4. Black's 
 development then would have been extremely difficult, and White would have had time for a 
 decisive advance of the Pawns. The text play gave Black an opportunity to clear his game. 
 
 (12) An experimental move by Mr Maurian. 
 
 (13) White seems certain to win a Piece, but Black saves it ingeniously. 
 
 (14) Continued 21 R-Q3 21 B-B4, 22 R-QB3 22 K-Kt3, 23 P-QR3 23 K ( ;-Q2, 24 R-Ktsqch 24 K-B3, 
 25 Kt-R6 25 KR-Ksq, 2G P-B3 26 R-Q5, 27 B-B2 27 R-Q4, 28 P-QR4 28 KR-K4, 29 P-Kt4 29 P-Kt4, 
 30 R-Kt5 30 P-R4, 31 RxP 31 PxP, 32 PxP 32 P-B4, and this move permitted White to exchange 
 off all the Pieces, after which one of his passed Pawns won. 
 
 (15) The " Schachzeitung " says this is hasty, and that P-B5 would have been stronger. 
 
 (16) This continuation is now preferred to 5 KtxKt, which soon results in an even end game. 
 
 (1 7) Black could not extricate himself from the resxilts of his 15th move. He resigned on the 36th. 
 
 (18) A move not much played recently. 
 
 (19) Unusual. 
 
 (20) Taking advantage of the novelty. 
 
 (21) Not as good as QxQ. 
 
 (22) Sacrificing a Pawn for a strong attack. 
 
 (23) The remaining moves in this interesting game were 21 KtxB 21 PxKt, 22 RxP 22 P-Kt5, 
 23 Kt-B4 23 Kt-Q5, 24 R(K6)-K3 24 KtxQBP, 25 Kt-R5 25 R-Kt4, 26 Kt-B6ch 26 K-Q2, 27 Kt-R7 
 (the Kt cannot get out) 27 R-Kt4ch, and White resigns. 
 
 (24) Better, says " Land and Water," than BxKt, but this is not saying much.
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE GIUOCO PIANO. 
 
 A LTHOUGH, as indicated by the " Synopsis," the drift of analysis in this 
 -j^- Opening is in favor of the defence, the debut has been frequently played 
 during the last three years in important contests. At this time 4 P-Q3 is 
 considered the best continuation of the attack, Mr Steinitz and M Kosenthal, 
 among other masters, preferring this line. 
 
 The " Jerome Gambit" 4 BxPch involves an unsound sacrifice ; but it is 
 not an attack to be trifled with. The defence requires study, and is somewhat 
 difficult. We give the fullest analysis of this American invention that has yet 
 been in print. The author is Mr S A Charles, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 
 
 Position after Black's 3rd move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 WHITE.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 31 
 
 GIUOCO PIANO. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 30.) 
 3 4 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 Winawer 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 Maurian 
 Zukerbort 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 Maurian 
 Zukertort 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Blackburne 
 Tschigorin 
 
 P-B3 
 
 3rd French 
 Nat Tour '83. 
 
 Goudjou 
 De Riviere 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Bird 
 Fleissig 
 
 P-QKt4 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 (11) 
 P-Q3 
 
 B-Kt3 (1) 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-Kt3 
 P-B3 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 P-KB3 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-Q2 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 B-Kt3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-Kt3 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-QB4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-KB3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-KB3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-K2 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-K2 (12) 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-Kt5 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-B3 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Castles 
 Q-B2 
 
 Q-Q2 
 B-QKt5 
 
 Q-K2 
 CastlesKB 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-B3 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-B3 
 P-B3 
 
 P-QB3 
 B-B1 
 
 P-KB3 
 KB-Ksq 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 BxB (*) 
 PxB 
 
 P-KB3 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-Kt4 
 P-Q4 
 
 BxB 
 
 PxB 
 
 P-Kt4 
 KBxB 
 
 Kt-K3 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 CastlesKB 
 
 Q-B2 
 B-Qsq 
 
 CastlesKB 
 P-Q4 
 
 QxB (13) 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 Kt-B4 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-Kt3? (4) 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 P-KB3 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-B2 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-K3 
 
 P-B5 
 B-Qsq 
 
 BxB 
 PxB 
 
 KtxB 
 QxKt (6) 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 CastlesKB 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-B5 
 
 CastlesKB 
 BxB 
 
 B-K3 
 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-B5 
 
 QB-Ksq 
 P-QB4 
 
 CastlesQB 
 BxB! (14) 
 
 PxB 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 QB-Ksq 
 
 Kt-B5 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 
 BPxP 
 
 Kt-B5 (15) 
 Q-B2 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 KtxB 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-B2 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 KtPxKt 
 Q-Q2 
 
 BPxP 
 B-B5 
 
 BPxB 
 P-KKt3 
 
 KtxKt 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt(Kt3-B5 
 
 Kt-B5 
 B-B2 
 
 B-KKtsq (7 
 K-Bsq 
 
 P-B3 
 KB-Bsq 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-Q4 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 B-K3 
 
 BxKl 
 
 KtxB 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-Q2 (3) 
 
 B-K3 
 P-Kt3 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-B7 
 
 Kt-Q2? 
 P-Q5 
 
 P-QKt3 
 CastlesKB 
 
 QB-Qsq 
 KtxP 
 
 B-B3 (8) 
 Q-K2 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 P-Q5+ (10) 
 
 Q-B3 
 Kt-Q2+ 
 
 K-Esq 
 QB-Ksq 
 
 KtxKtP (5) 
 
 B-Q2 (9) 
 
 
 
 Kt-B4+ 
 
 For Notes see page 33.
 
 32 
 
 AMEItlCAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 GIUOCO PIANO. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 30.) 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 1H 
 19 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 Amsterdam 
 1882 Tourney 
 
 Veraart 
 Loman 
 
 P-B3 
 
 8 
 
 Match 1882 
 London 
 
 Blackburnc 
 Mackenzie 
 
 9 
 
 Correspond. 
 Game 1874. 
 
 Marino, 111. 
 Cincinnati 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 10 
 PxP 
 
 11 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Kyall 
 Narraway 
 
 B-Q5 (28) 
 
 12 
 
 Bristol, &c. v 
 S George's 84. 
 
 Fedden 
 
 Wayte 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-K3 
 
 PxP 
 P-K5? 
 
 Castles 
 BxKt 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 B-KKt5( 2 9) 
 P-KE3 
 B-E4 
 
 B-Kt3 
 QKt-Q2 (16 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-QKt5 
 
 B-Kt5ch 
 B-Q2 
 
 QPxB 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-KK3 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-B2 (21) 
 
 Kt-K5 
 BxKtch 
 
 BxBch 
 QKtxB 
 
 KtxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-KKt4 
 B-KKt3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-Q4 
 
 KBxB 
 PxB 
 
 PxB 
 PxP 
 
 KtxKP 
 KtxKt 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-KE4 (30) 
 KtxKtP 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-KKt5 
 BxB 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 KKtKt5(24) 
 Castles 
 Q-E5 (26) 
 
 P-KE3 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-E5 
 KtxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-Q3 (17) 
 
 KtxKP 
 BxPch 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-KB3 
 Kt-Kt6 
 
 PxB (31) 
 KtxQ (32) 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP . 
 Castles 
 Q-B2 (IB) 
 
 KxB 
 
 Q-Kt3ch 
 
 Castles 
 B-B4 
 
 B-B4 (26) 
 KtxRP 
 
 E-B2 
 P-Bo 
 
 B-KKt5 
 Q-Q2 (33) 
 
 K-K2 
 K-B2 
 
 l'.-Kt2 
 Kt-QE4 
 
 BxQKt 
 KtxR 
 
 P-B4 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 Kt-B3 (34) 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-KKt5ch 
 K-K2 
 
 l'-Kt4 
 KtxB 
 
 PxB+ (27) 
 
 Kt-Kt4 
 P-KE4 
 
 
 P-KB4 
 Q-B4ch 
 
 Q-Q2 
 QK-KBsq 
 KR-KBsq 
 
 I--KR3 
 
 EPxKt 
 B-Bsq! 
 B-E3 ' (22) 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Kt-E2 
 Kt-Q2 
 PxP 
 QxP 
 
 K-Ksq 
 B-B2 
 P-B5 
 BxKt 
 PxB(KG) 
 PxP (19) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Kt4 
 
 P-Kt5 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-Kt3 
 K-Beq 
 
 I 1 - ,>Kt3 
 lu-B4 
 
 KtxP 
 KxKt! 
 
 H-Kt'J 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-KKt! 
 
 PxB 
 
 CastlesKK 
 Q-Ksq (20) 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-Kt3 
 Kt-K3 
 
 Q-KOch 
 
 K-Kteq 
 
 ! -ir,i 
 
 Kt-B8 
 
 QR-Ksq 
 E-B2 
 KI-KR4-I- 
 
 Q^Ba 
 
 B-B4+ 
 
 KxBch + 
 
 1'xK.l |2Mj 
 
 
 For Notes sec page 33.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 33 
 
 NOTES, to pages 31 and 32. 
 
 (1) The latest (sixth) edition of the German " Handbuch " gives BxB, and an analysis to show 
 that by this move Black obtains the better game. 
 
 (2) Castling would be better. 
 
 (3) Not as good as CastlesKB. White made a centre attack, and won on the 51st move. 
 
 (4) He should have exchanged Bishops. 
 
 (5) Continued 21 KxKt 21 KtxKt, 22 R-Qsq 22 Kt-Kt5, 23 B-Q4 23 P-QB4, 24 RxR. This last 
 move of White's is much inferior to R-Qsq, when if 24 P-B5, 25 R-Q4 25 PxP, 26 PxP, and, as 
 Black cannot capture the P, White remains with a fair game. The game was won by Black, on 
 the 34th move. 
 
 (6) If 14 PxKt Black rejoins 14 PxP, and White cannot retake without losing a Piece, by 15 P-Q4 
 
 (7) Mr Maurian says that 17 B-Q2, preparatory to Castling, would give Black a slight superiority. 
 
 (8) If 19 R-Kt2, or Ktsq, White would probably gain an advantage by 20 PxP, followed by Q-Q6. 
 
 (9) Continued 21 Q-R5 21 Castles, 22 PxP (capturing BP would result in losing QP) 22 PxP, 
 23 Kt-B3 23 B-K3, 24 RxRch 24 QxR, 25 KtxP 25 P-B6 ? and Black lost. He could have drawn 
 by 25 BxB. 
 
 (10) Mr Blackburne won on the 44th move. His success was mainly due to his attack on 
 Black's centre, which began on White's 9th move. 
 
 (11) M Rosenthal prefers Kt-B3, and P-Q4 for White's next move. 
 
 (12) Inferior to B-Kt3. 
 
 (13) This move allows the White Kt to take up a strong position at KB5. Black could have 
 obtained a favorable position by 11 PxB, followed by CastlesQR. 
 
 (14) The Pawns on the Q side can now advance. 
 
 (15) Worse than useless, as it drives the Q to a better position. 
 
 (16) This move is not considered as strong as formerly. 
 
 (17) The Berlin " Sonntagsblatt " prefers 11 PxP, followed by 12 Q-Kt3. 
 
 (18) Castles would be better. 
 
 (19) White is compelled to sacrifice a Piece, as a consequence of his 13th move, otherwise he 
 ould lose the chance of Castling, and have to bear a strong attack. 
 
 (20) Not so strong as B-KB4. 
 
 (21) In Mr Steinitz's opinion the Q would be better posted at K2. 
 
 (22) Intending to sacrifice the Kt. 
 
 (23) White's 20th move is bad ; R-Bsq or K2 giving the only chance for a draw. The game 
 continued 21 PxP 21 K-Rsq, 22 K-Rsq 22 R-KKtsq, 23 Q-Q2 23 R-Kt3, 24 R-KKtsq, and Black 
 announced mate in eight moves. 
 
 (24) In a communication to the London " Chess Monthly," for March 1883, Mr A A Bowley 
 says, this ingenious move results to Black's advantage, if he replies to it 10 Castles, as in the text. 
 If Black replies 10 B-B4 he does not fare so well, the play continuing 11 KtxBP 11 KxKt, 12 Kt-Kt3. 
 
 (25) If 11 KtxRP, Black obtains a superior game by R-Ksq. 
 
 (26) The only move. If 11 P-KR3, 12 KtxBP+. 
 
 (27) Black remains with two minor Pieces for the R, as the White Kt cannot escape. 
 
 (28) Dr I Ryall, Hamilton, Ont., says he has a liking for this move, after testing it in many 
 games. Though not always successful, it leads to very interesting positions. 
 
 (29) PremaLure. 
 
 (30) First played by Steinitz against Dubois, Congress of 1862, p 102. Dubois did not venture 
 9 KtxKtP, but defended himself by 9 P-KR4. 
 
 (31) Steinitz contemplated Q-K2 at this point, but Lowenthal afterward showed, C P C 1868-9* 
 p 162, that Black can give his opponent the choice of Q or R. 
 
 (32) If 11 KtxR 11 Q-K2, 12 B-B7ch (or A) 12 K-Qsq, 13 Kt-Q2 13 BxPch, 14 K-Rsq 14 Kt-KKt5, 
 15 Kt-B3 15 Q-B3, winning. (A) If 12 Kt-B7 12 BxPch, 13 RxB 13 PxRch, 14 KxP 14 Kt-KKt5ch, 
 15 K-Kt3 15 Q-B3, 16 Q-B3 16 Q-Kt2 and wins. 
 
 (33) Q-Ksq comes to the same thing. If Kt-B7, Black may play RxP. 
 
 (34) Black announced mate in seven moves.
 
 34 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 GIUOCO PIANO. JEROME GAMBIT. 
 
 T P-K4 Q Kt-KB3 Q 
 
 B-B4 4 BxPch 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 P-K4 ' Kt-QB3 
 
 123 
 
 KtxPch 
 
 B-B4 KxB 
 4 5 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 6 
 
 KtxKt ! 
 Q-Eoch 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 Castles 
 
 K-Bsq? 
 KtxKt 
 
 K-K3! (1) 
 Q-B5ch 
 
 BxP 
 QxB 
 
 QPxKt (8) 
 Castles 
 
 K-Q3 
 P-KB4 (2) 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-R3ch (4) 
 
 P-Q3! (5) 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q3! Q-B3 
 Kt-B3 (7) Q-Qsq 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-B3 (9) 
 
 Q-B3 
 PxKtch 
 
 K-K2 
 P-B5 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-Qsq 
 
 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 
 B-Kt5 Castles 
 
 Q-Q5 
 P-Q3 
 
 QxP 
 Q-B3 
 
 BxP 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-Q6 (6) 
 PxKt 
 
 P-E3 ! P-KKt3 
 BxKt P-KB4 
 
 B-KKtu 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q3 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-Q4 
 
 K-B2 
 Kt-K2 
 
 QxB Kt-B3 
 
 CastlesQE 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-QB3+ 
 
 K-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 BxP 
 Q-E4ch 
 
 B-Kt3 
 K-Esq 
 
 B-K3 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 
 P-Q3 (3) 
 P-KE3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 QxB 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-B5 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Q-R4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 QxP+ 
 
 KtxEP 
 KxKt 
 
 P-QKt4 
 P-B4 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 KtxP 
 KxKt 
 
 QB-KBsq 
 Kt-B4 
 
 QxKP 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-Kt5! 
 
 KtxP 
 PxKt 
 
 Q-Kt5 
 B-K3 
 
 Q-K4 
 Q-Q3 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-B3 
 
 B-B4+ 
 
 Q-K3 
 B-B2 
 
 P-B3+ 
 
 (1) If 6 Kt-Kt3 ?, 7 Q-Q5ch 7 K-Ksq, 8 QxB 8 P-Q3, 9 Q-B3 9 Kt-B3, 10 P-Q3. 
 
 (2) If 8 P-Q4 8 BxP, 9 Kt-R3 9 K-B3 + . 
 
 (3) 12 P-Q4 also looks good. 
 
 (4) If 8 P-B5ch 8 K-Q2, 9 P-Q3 9 Kt-KB3, 10 Q-Qsq 10 KtxKP+ . 
 
 (5) If 7 P-KKt3, 8 Q-R3ch 8 Kmoves, 9 Q-QB3. If 7 Q-B3, 8 P-QKt4 8 Q-Kt3, 9 Q-R3ch 9 K-Q3, 
 10 PxBch 10 K-B3, 11 P-Q4 + . 
 
 (6) If 9 K-B2, 10 P-Q4 10 B-KKt5, 11 P-B3 (if 11 Q-Q2 11 B-Kt3, 12 PxKt 12 PxP! ) 11 KtxHIVh. 
 12 PxKt 12 B-R6 + . 9 Kt-BS + . 
 
 (7) If 8 Castles 8 Kt-KB3, 9 P-KB4 9 Kt-B3. 
 
 (8) If C KtPxKt, 7 P-Q4. 
 
 (9) If 8 P-Q4 8 B-KKt5, 9 Q-Ksq 9 K-B2.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 35 
 
 TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE. 
 
 THIS Opening leads to intricate and daring counter attacks, and analysis has 
 not yet determined whether the advantage in the middle game inclines to 
 White or Black. Such being the case, it is an Opening to be encouraged, and yet 
 it is one occupying very few pages in the books of Chess Congresses, and in the 
 records of serious match play. We have the pleasure of laying before the student 
 some novelties in the Opening that have been tested, and have excited much 
 interest in the Chess circles of several large American cities. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-B4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Position after Black's 3rd move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 W Wffift A Ww* * ^M^ Ftsti^ 
 
 WHITE.
 
 36 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 35.) 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Bird 
 Tschigorin 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Bird 
 Tschigorin 
 
 P-Q3 (3) 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 McConnell 
 Zukertort 
 
 Kt-B3 (9) 
 
 5 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 McConnell 
 Zukertort 
 
 6 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 McConnell 
 Zukertort 
 
 KtxP? 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 B-Kt5 (10) 
 P-QE3 
 
 Kt-QE4 
 B-Kt5ch 
 
 B-KKt5 (7) 
 KtxBP ! 
 
 BxKt 
 QPxB 
 
 P-B3 
 PxP 
 
 P-KE3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 BxQ! (8) 
 KtxQ 
 
 KtxP (11) 
 BxPch 
 
 PxP 
 B-K2 
 
 P-K5 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-QE4 
 KtxP! 
 
 KxB 
 Q-Q5ch 
 
 P-KB3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 KtxB 
 KxB 
 
 K-Ksq 
 QxKKt 
 
 P-K5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 B-QB4 
 P-KB3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 K-K2 
 
 P-Q4 
 Q-QE4 
 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-Kt4 (1) 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-E2 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 P-Q3or 
 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 E-Bsq 
 
 Castles 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 P-QKt4 (4) 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 E-Bsq 
 E-Ksq! 
 
 BxKt (15) 
 PxE 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-KB4 
 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-KE3 
 
 PxP 
 QxBP 
 
 K-B2 
 KtxPch ! 
 
 B-E6 
 E-Ksq 
 
 B-Q2! 
 
 Castles 
 
 CastlesKE 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Castles (5) 
 
 KtxKt 
 B-B4 (12) 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-KB4 ! 
 
 KtxKt 
 Q-Q4 
 
 Kt-B5 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-E3 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 Kt-B6ch 
 PxKt 
 
 K-Q2 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 QxQP 
 
 Kt-K4 
 B-Kt2 (2) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 P-QE4 
 
 Q-KKt3ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 B-B4 
 B-Kt5 
 
 B-K3 
 Q-QKt5 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtxP+ (6) 
 
 Q-E4 
 E-K3 
 
 Q-Kt3 (16) 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 P-QE3 
 QxKtP 
 
 Kt(K4)xB 
 PxKt 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 E-KKtsq 
 
 Q-B2 
 E-Q2 
 
 Q-B4ch 
 B-K3 
 
 Q-Q2 
 Q-K2 
 
 B-E6 (13) 
 Q-Q4 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-K3 
 
 QxBch 
 K-Esq 
 
 KtxP 
 P-Kt3 
 
 Q-B2 
 B-E6! 
 
 E-Qsq 
 P-Kt4 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 QxQ 
 
 Q-B4+ 
 
 P-KKt3(i4) 
 
 K-Bsq 11) 
 
 PxQ+ 
 
 For Notes see page 38.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 37 
 
 TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE. 
 
 (See Diagram on page 35.) 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 , Kt-Kt5 
 
 PxP 
 
 R B-Kt5ch 7 PxP ft B-K2 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 7 
 
 Cincinnati, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Lukenbach 
 
 K-KB3 
 
 Kt-QE4 
 
 8 
 
 New York, 
 1879. 
 
 Grundy 
 Starbuck 
 
 3 P-B3 
 
 9 
 
 Q-B2 (24) 
 
 PxP P-KE3 
 10 11 12 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-K5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-B4 (18) 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-Q5 
 P-KB4 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 B-QB4 
 E-Bsq 
 
 P-E3 
 B-K3 
 
 Castles (22) 
 P-B3 
 
 PxB? 
 
 Q-Qsq (29) 
 P-B3 
 
 B-Kt2 (19) 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Q-Qsq 
 P-QKt4 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 P-QKt4 (30) 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-KB3 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 PxB 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 P-Kt3 
 
 P-K5 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 E-B2 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 P-Kt3 
 
 K-Qsq? 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 P-Kt3 
 
 QxEP 
 PxB 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 QxEP 
 P-Q4 
 
 QxEP 
 QxKP 
 
 E-Qsq 
 P-Q4 (25) 
 
 QxEP 
 Q-E4 
 
 QxKtPch 
 E-B2 
 
 KK-Ksq 
 E-Ksq (20) 
 
 P-K6 
 E-B3 
 
 B-E6 
 PxB 
 
 PxP en pass 
 BxP (26) 
 
 QxKtPch 
 K-Qsq (27) 
 
 KtxKBP 
 Q-E4 
 
 BxBP! 
 BxB 
 
 Q-Kt8ch 
 B-Bsq 
 
 BxE 
 KxB 
 
 Kt-K6ch 
 BxKt 
 
 E-Qsq 
 K-B2 (28) 
 
 Kt-E6 
 Kt-Kt4 
 
 QxB 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 P-B3 
 P-B4 
 
 QxP 
 Q-B3+ 
 
 BxB 
 PxKt 
 
 Q-Kt7 
 QxKt 
 
 KtxE 
 KtxKt 
 
 Q-Q5ch(21) 
 
 PxKt (23) 
 
 
 BxP+ 
 
 Kt-K6ch+ 
 
 Q-B2 + 
 
 For Notes see page 38.
 
 38 AMEEICAN bUPPL-EMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to pages 36 and 37. 
 
 (1) The previous moves are according to the most modern ideas in this Opening, but 11 P-KB4 
 is preferred for White. 
 
 (2) Lost time. B-K2 should have been played. 
 
 (3) Mr Bird think this move has merit, and deserves investigation. 
 
 (4) This move of Suhle's is generally thought to turn the game in favor of the second player. 
 
 (5) Bird's move, which Kev W Wayie pronounces much better than the " Handbuch's " Kt-B4. 
 
 (6) Mr Bird says he should have continued this game, 17 QxKt 17 P-QB3, 18 QxKP 18 PxKt, 
 19 P-B5 19 Q-B2, 20 B-B4, with a P more, and at least as good a position. But Mr Wayte does 
 not think that Suhle's counter attack is thus proved a failure. The fault, he says, lies in Tschi- 
 gorin's 15 Q-Kt3. The natural instinct of a strong player to keep White pinned as long as possible 
 is here misleading. Black might have recovered the P, with at least an equal position, by two 
 distinct modes of play : (A) 15 BxKt, 16 QxB 16 QxP, threatening to win the Q, and White's best 
 reply is apparently 17 O-K2, since 17 P-QB4 would leave his Q awkwardly placed ; (B) 15 QxP, 
 
 10 QxQ 1G KtxQ, 17 B-Qsq(c) 17 P-QB3 !, 18 BxKt 18 PxB, 19 Kt-B7 19 B-Kt2, 20 KtxB 20 Bx 
 Kt. (c) In this last variation 17 P-QB4 is inferior : 17 P-QB4 17 P-QB3, 18 PxKt 18 BxKt, 19 B- 
 Qsq 19 QB-Qsq, and White must lose another P. 
 
 (7) This move was suggested by. the Berlin " Schachzeitung." The analysis here is by S Euphrat 
 and S A Charles, Cincinnati. 
 
 (8) If 6 Q-K2?, 7 P-Q6 7 PxP, 8 P-KB3 8 B-B4, 9 KtxB 9 P-K5, 10 Castles 10 P-Q4, 11 B-K2 
 
 11 Q-B4ch, 12 K-Bsq, &c. + . 
 
 (9) This resolves the game into a variety of the Giuoco Piano, leading in this and the following 
 two specimens to some very interesting play. 
 
 (10) The ordinary continuation here would be 4 B-B4, 5 P-Q3 5 P-Q3, 6 Kt-K2 or Castles, with 
 an even game. 
 
 (11) A venturesome move. 
 
 (12) 14 Q-KB4ch is apparently better, e.g., 14 Q-KB4ch 14 K-K3 (if 14 K-Ktsq, 15 QxKt, 
 remaining with a better game and a P ahead), 15 Q-KKt4ch, and if Black play 15 B-B4, 16 P-KB4. 
 
 (13) Intending QB-Ksq, but White's attack proves too vigorous. 
 
 (14) Continued 21 Q-B4 ! 21 B-K3, 22 BxB 22 BxB, 23 B(Ktsq)-Ksq 23 B-Ksq, 24 K-Ktsq ! 24 
 B-Q2, 25 BxBch 25 BxB, 26 B-K7, and Black resigned. 
 
 (15) Mr Zukertort varies his play in this second trial, but his llth move is probably overbold, 
 and does not take into consideration White's effective 13th and 14th moves. 
 
 (16) Q-B2 at once appears better. 
 
 (17) Continued, 21 B-B5 (necessary to prevent Black from playing B-Q3 and thence to Kt3 
 White does well to sacrifice the B) 21 P-QKt3, 22 P-Kt5 22 Kt-B4, 23 B-Kt4 23 Kt-B5, 24 QB-K2 
 
 24 P-QB4, 25 PxP en pass 25 P-B4, 26 BxP 26 PxB, 27 B-Ktsq ! 27 B-Q2, 28 BxP ! 28 B-Q3, 29 
 P-B7 29 QxP, 30 BxB, and again White won. 
 
 (18) This move is a departure from the " Synopsis" (See page 44, Col. T). The continuation 
 there is 10 Castles, 11 P-B3 11 P-B4, 12 Castles 12 B-Kt2, 13 Q-B4 13 B-Bsq, and the variation 
 is left without comment. 
 
 (19) Black has obtained the advantage in position, witli all his f irces well in hand to commence 
 attacking operations. 
 
 (20) The P could not be saved. 
 
 (21) Continued, 21 K-Bsq 21 Kt-Kt5, and White resigns. 
 
 (22) This move, the invention of Mr Henry Loewe, Cincinnati, O., has proved CD be OIK- difficult 
 to meet in actual play. As far as White's 12th move, the game is identical with Col. o, page 43, 
 of the " Synopsis" (see Diagram below), which proceeds, 12 Q-Q3 or B-Q3 for Black, and says it 
 is doubtful if Black has an equivalent in position for the Pawn lost. 
 
 (23) Continued, 21 PxKt 21 PxBP, 22 BxP 22 PxB, 23 BxBch 23 KxK, 24 Q-B3ch 24 K-Ktsq, 
 
 25 Kt-B3 25 B-Kt5 !, 26 Q-B4 26 B-KBsq, and Black wins. 
 
 (24) This move, or P-KKt3 is White's bc.-t resource. 
 
 (25) If 17 PxKt 17 Ktmates. If 17 QxKP 17 Kt-K6ch, and wins Q. 
 
 (26) If 18 KtxP 18 Kt-B5, 19 B-B3 19 B-Kt3 + . 
 
 (27) B-B2 may be played. 
 
 (28) If 19 QxKt 19 Kt-K6mate. 
 
 (29) The late Mr D F M Starbuck, of Cincinnati, often played this novel variation with success. 
 The usual move at this point is Q-Q3, followed by Kt-Kt2. The text move, however, leads to some 
 fine situations. 
 
 (30) P-KKt3 is th only mov.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 39 
 
 PHILIDOK'S DEFENCE. 
 
 THE difficult}' the second player experiences in this Opening in developing his 
 game, is so well known that the Defence has been almost shelved. Hardly 
 half a dozen noteworthy specimens of the " Philidor " have been going the rounds 
 of the Chess columns during the last three years. The best estimate of the 
 present standing of Philidor's Defence is contained in the following article, from a 
 recent number of '' Land and Water." 
 
 " The ' Philidor ' is a shrine of disappointment. Many analysts have worshipped thereat, and, 
 rising from their knees with shining faces, have gone forth to announce that the secret had been 
 confided to them. Their day of triumph has, however, been like the show of the Siberian sun in 
 midwinter, sometimes glittering, but always very brief. The reason why such a deceptive oracle 
 is so persistently consulted, lies in the yearnings of Chess players for some means whereby the 
 detestable tyranny of the Euy Lopez may be overthrown. The French Defence stands its ground, 
 very much to the annoyance of first plaj ers, thus balked of their Ruy ; and if the ' Philidor ' 
 could have but its legs made strong, second players would greatly rejoice, for no one likes the 
 monotony of having but one defence. Apart from the lack of variety, there is a strain upon an 
 exhaustion of the resources of a player, when thus bound down to a single Opening, as has often 
 been manifested in the play of Blackburne, that faithful servant of the French Defence. 
 
 " The weakness of the ' Philidor ' consists in the fact of KPxQP being (apparently) incumbent 
 on Black, whereby all his means of development become paralysed. Let us look at the board 
 after 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 2 P-Q3, 3 P-Q4 3 PxP, 4 QxP, and what do we see : White's Bishops 
 have a free and unrestrained action, so have the Knights, and one of them is already in play. 
 He can quickly bring out what Pieces he pleases, and can Castle on either side as he likes. 
 Being in possession of the Queen's file, he will naturally Castle on the Queen's side. Having 
 done so, and all his Pieces being able to operate freely, either in combination or separately, he 
 will have at his disposal an amount of power such as might seem sufficient to settle the issue 
 right off. 
 
 " Very different is it with Black's unfortunate army. He can, it is true, play his QKt to B3, 
 but that is an altogether illusory threat. His KB is hopelessly confined, and his QB has no good 
 place to go to. His KKt has nothing particular in view when coming to B3, and, indeed, is itself 
 often exposed to being attacked there ; while, as to the unhappy QP, it has obviously a most 
 distressing future before it. Black's evil condition proceeds directly from 3 PxP. Could that 
 capture be rendered unnecessary, his development, though slow, would be assured, and the future 
 of the game would be such as skill, hand in hand with patience, might hopefully face. 
 
 " An end so desirable has attracted the attention of various analysts ; and particularly, Mr J 
 Lord introduced 3 Kt-Q2. The defence, however, has not proved satisfactory, and, indeed, if met 
 at once by 4 P-B3, as advised by Steinitz, we can see that it ought not to answer, considering 
 that now White threatens B-QB4, followed by Q-Kt3. Our own opinion is, that unless Black can 
 play 3 Kt-KB3, as recommended by Major Jaenisch, the ' Philidor ' is doomed. We are, however, 
 by no means clear but that the move in question should stand. Let us set the moves. 1 P-K4 
 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 2 P-Q3, 3 P-Q4 3 Kt-KB3. White has three replies, namely : 4 PxP, which is 
 satisfactorily met by KtxP ; 4 B-KKt5, which Jaenisch answers with PxP ; and 4 Kt-B3, to which 
 the Riissian analyst again replies with PxP. As regards 4 B-KKt5, we will only say, respecting 
 the capture of the Pawn, that we doubt its necessity, but it may pass for the present, as the 
 inferiority which results is not very pronounced ; in respect, however, of 4 Kt-Bi3, which is the 
 more dreaded line for White, we cannot but feel, first, that to capture the P must yield a bad 
 game ; and secondly, that there is no necessity for such a continuation. As alternative, we 
 suggest for Black, 4 QKt-Q2, continuing with P-KB3 if, and when necessary." 
 
 Since the above appeared, "Land and Water " has published the following 
 further remarks on the Opening. Ed. English Edition. 
 
 " Rome time back we expressed an opinion that after 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 2 P-Q3, 3 P- 
 Q4, Black could advantageously continue with 3 Kt-KB3, having regard to certain improvements 
 upon that continuation which we then suggested. It occurs to us now that we may as well 
 support our hints with a few variations, and we proceed to do so. 3 P-Q4 3 Kt-KB3, 4 Kt-B3 
 'QKt-Q2, 5 B-QB4 5 B-K2, G Castles 6 P-B3, with a perfectly satisfactory game. Instead of 
 6 Castles, White could have played 6 Kt-KKt5,. a highly interesting line, but as giving it here
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 would distract the reader's attention, it is reserved as the wind up of this article. 3 P-Q4 3 Kt- 
 KB3, 4 B-KKt5 4 QKt-Q2, 5 Kt-B3 5 P-B3, 6 BxKt 6 QxB, with a clear even game, to say no more, 
 seeing that, as a matter of fact, we would take Black for choice. We may here remark that for a 
 continuation in some natural lines subsequently, Black, discarding prejudices, may safely proceed 
 with P-KKt3 and B-Kt2. We would further observe that in the ' Philidor,' as construed by us, 
 KKt-B3, QKt-Q2, and P-B3 form a triangle, each of the angles depending on the other two. 
 
 " Having thus looked around, let us go on again : 3 P-Q4 3 Kt-KB3, 4 B-QB4 4 P-B3, 5 P-B3 
 5 B-K2, G Q-Kt3 6 Castles, with, of course, an even game ; and indeed this variation is only given 
 to show that 3 Kt-KB3 enables Black, in certain positions, to Castle early. 3 P-Q4 3 Kt-KBB, 
 
 4 PxP 4 KtxP, 5 B-QB4 5 P-QB3, 6 Castles 6 P-Q4, 7 B-Q3 7 Kt-B4, 8 B-K3 8 B-Kt5, and the 
 game is equal. This a book variation. In lieu of 5 B-QB4, White might have played 5 B-Q3, 
 but Black, by replying with Kt-B4, maintains a perfect equality. After 6 Castles, Black was not 
 obliged to play P-Q4, as he had the option of playing B-K2, which move yields an even game. 
 Having thus disposed of all specific lines that are evoked by 3 Kt-KB3, let us now look at the 
 curious continuation to which we have previously referred. 3 P-Q4 3 Kt-KB3, 4 Kt-B3 4 QKt-Q2, 
 
 5 B-QB4 5 B-K2, G Kt-KKt5 G Castles, 7 BxPch 7 KxB, 8 Kt-K6 8 Q-Ksq, 9 KtxBP 9 Q-Qsq, 
 10 KtxB. 
 
 Position after White's 10th move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 " It will easily be understood that the tenability of Black's game depends upon whether he 
 can capture that presumptuous Knight, and it is also to be considered that Black is at present 
 two Pawns behind, so that, if he has to pay but one other Pawn for that Knight, he will be, 
 according to theory, numerically inferior. However, if the Knight can really be captured at the 
 expense of another Pawn only, we, for our part, would be quite satisfied with Black's game, seeing 
 that with his KR in possession of the KB file, and with his minor Pieces threatening to work in 
 a powerful co-operation, there will be at his command all the materials of a strong attack. Our 
 continuations will be as follow : 10 KtxR 10 P-QKt3, 11 Kt-Kt5 11 P-QR3, 12 QKt-B7 12 B-Kt2, 
 and wins the Kt. If 12 KKt-B7 12 PxKt, 13 Kt-K6, and it will be seen that White could draw, 
 in a very curious manner, by perpetually attacking the Queen. Black is certainly not called 
 upon to struggle against such a result ; but as many may feel, like us, disinclined to draw in such 
 a position, we may point out that after 12 KKt-B7, Black can play Kt-Bsq, or Kt-Ktsq, and still 
 win the Knight. In showing this we may as well return to White's tenth move, lest any student 
 may have lost his grasp of the position. 10 KtxR 10 P-QKt3, 11 Kt-Kt5 11 P-QR3, 12 Kt(R8)-B7 
 
 12 Kt-Ktsq, 13 PxP 13 PxP, 14 QxQch 14 BxQ, 15 Kt-R7 (or Kt-Q6) 15 RxKt. Now for another 
 variation : 10 KtxR 10 P-QKt3, 11 PxP 11 PxP, 12 Kt-Q5 12 KtxKt, 13 QxKt ; Black may now play 
 Kt-B3, a move that has far-reaching developments not unfavorable to him, or, in lieu thereof, 
 continue with B-R3, 14 B-K3 14 Q-QBsq, 15 CastlesQR 15 Kt-B3, which wins the Kt at once, or 
 B-B3, which saves the KP, and still allows of the Knight being won. There is also 13 B-R3, 14 Q- 
 BG 14 Kt-Ktsq, 15 Q-B7 15 B-Kt2, winning the Knight, as White, if taking the QB, will lose hii- 
 Queen. White might have played 15 Q-Q5, but Black, of course, still answers with B-Kt2. 
 
 " Another variation, and the last : 10 KtxR 10 P-QKt3, 11 PxP 11 PxP, 12 Kt-Kt5 12 P-QR3, 
 
 13 Kt-QG (13 QKt-B7 13 B-Kt2 ; or 13 KKt-B7 13 Kt-Ktsq, as in a previous variation) 13 BxKt, 
 
 14 QxB ] 4 B-Kt2, 15 Kt-B7 15 KtxP, 1G Kt-K6 16 Q-B3, and Black wins. Here we must conclude, 
 and in doing so we may say, that though relying on 10 P-QKt3, as an answer to 10 KtxR, we do 
 not consider that Black is absolutely confined to that particular move. It is indeed to be regretted 
 that the simple linen of play whereby we hoped to improve the Philidor, should have such a 
 complicated excrescence as G Kt-KKt5, but we rather fancy that when its effects are thoroughly 
 mastered, G Kt-KKt5 will not be considered a good line for White to adopt."
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 41 
 
 PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 i 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 1884. 
 
 McConnell 
 Zukertort 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Winawer 
 Blackburne 
 
 Kt-QB3 (5) 
 
 3 
 
 Coml Gaz Cor 
 Tourney 1882. 
 
 Shaw 
 Robertson 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 4 
 
 Coml Gaz Cor 
 Tourney 1882. 
 
 Narraway 
 Robertson 
 
 QxP 
 
 5 
 
 Schulder 
 Boden 
 
 P-B3 
 
 6 
 
 Living Chess") 
 Wakeneld '83, 
 
 J W Young 
 E B Hussey 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-B4 (1) 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-QB3 (2) 
 P-QE3 (3) 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 P-KB4 
 B-B4 
 
 P-KB4 
 PxKP 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-Q3 
 
 PxP 
 QxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 B-QKt5 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 BPxP 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-KKt5 
 
 B-K2 
 B-KKt5 
 
 QxP 
 Q-K2ch 
 
 B-Q2 
 BxKt 
 
 Px'KP 
 PxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-K6 
 
 P-KE3 (4) 
 BxKt 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 B-K2 
 Q-Kt5ch(7) 
 
 BxB 
 B-Kt5 
 
 PxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 B-B4 (11) 
 Kt-QB3(12 
 
 QxB 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 QxQ 
 KtxQ 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-K5 (9) 
 
 QxP 
 PxP 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B7 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-QKt5 ! 
 
 B-K3 
 P-QE3 
 
 Kt-QE3 
 B-KB4 
 
 PxP 
 
 QxPch 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 K-Qsq 
 
 Q-Q2 
 
 P-QE3 
 P-E3 
 
 P-QB3 
 Kt-Q6ch 
 
 Q-K2 
 BxKt 
 
 B-Q2 
 B-K3 
 
 QBxP 
 
 KtxE 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Kt4 
 BxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 PxB 
 
 QxQch 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Kt-E4 
 
 P-KKt4 
 P-Q4 
 
 BxB 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 BxQ 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 E-Ksq 
 Q-B3 
 
 P-K6 
 PxP 
 
 PxQP 
 KtxQP 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 E-KKtsq 
 CastlesKE 
 
 B-B4 
 
 CastlesQE 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 Q-B2 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 CastlesQE 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Castles 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Castles 
 P-KKt3 
 
 P-Q4 
 BxP 
 
 QxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 PxP? 
 Kt-K6ch ! 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-KE4 
 
 Kt-B2 
 B-E3ch 
 
 P-B4 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 QxPch 
 PxQ 
 
 Castles 
 BxP 
 
 BxKt 
 QxQPch 
 
 E-Ksq 
 P-E5 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 B-B3 
 P-Kt3 
 
 B-E6mate. 
 
 KKt-B3 
 P-QKtS 
 
 K-Ksq 
 BxB 
 
 Kt-K4 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 B-Bsq 
 BxKtch 
 
 B-B6 
 P-KE4 
 
 Q-KKt5 
 Kt-B7 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Q-Q7ch 
 
 P-Kt5! 
 QxP 
 
 KxB 
 
 ExE 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 P-E4 
 
 BxKt 
 B-B5 
 
 K-Bsq 
 BxKt 
 
 E-Ktsq 
 Q-E4 
 
 KxE 
 BxB 
 
 E-K7 
 Kt-Ktsq 
 
 B-Kt5ch 
 B-Q2 
 
 E-Qsq 
 QxKtP+ 
 
 Kt-B6 ! 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 KxB 
 
 E-K8ch 
 
 ExE 
 ExE 
 
 BxBch 
 KxB 
 
 
 Q-K2 (6) 
 
 K-Q2 (8) 
 
 BxKt (10) 
 
 Kt-K5ch (is 
 
 For Notes see page 42.
 
 42 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to page 41. 
 
 (1) A continuation favored by Mr Boden, but generally held to be inferior to 3 P-Q4. Of late, 
 however, several strong players, including Mr Blackburne, have given the text move some attention. 
 
 (2) Harrwitz's move, B-K2, is more usual, and apparently stronger. 
 
 (3) To provide a retreat for the B, should the adverse Kt attack from E4, but P-Q4 is preferable. 
 
 (4) Again B-K2 would be better. 
 
 (5) The game becomes substantially a Philidor in a few moves. 
 
 (6) Continued 21 B-Q3 21 R-Kt3, 22 P-B3 22 KR-Ktsq, 23 B-B2 23 Q-K7, 24 KR-Bsq 24 B-Kt4ch, 
 25 K-Ktsq 25 Kt-Q7ch, 26 BxKt 26 BxB, 27 R-Qsq 27 RxKt!, 28 BxR 28 BxP, 29 B-B2 (if PxB then 
 QxRch) 29 RxPch, 30 K-Bsq 30 R-Ktsq, 31 Q-K4 31 R-Kt8chl, 32 KxR 32 Q-Kt4ch, 33 Q-Kt4 33 Bx 
 Q, and Black wins. 
 
 (7) The " Synopsis " (page 21, col 5) proceeds here 7 Kt-Kt5 7 Kt-QR3, 8 QKt-B3 8 Q-Qsq, &c., 
 leading to an even game. 
 
 (8) As these contestants are experienced and skillful correspondence players, we give the 
 remaining moves : 21 R-R8 21 K-K3, 22 Kt-K2 22 P-QB4, 23 P-QB4 23 P-Kt3, 24 RxP 24 Kt-B3, 
 25 Kt-B4ch 25 K-Q3, 26 RxP 26 Kt-Q2, 27 P-QR4 27 P-KKt4, 28 Kt-Q5 28 K-B3, 29 K-Q2 29 P-R4, 
 30 P-R3 30 R-R3, 31 R-B5 31 P-Kt5, 32 P-R4 32 K-Q3, 33 Kt-B4 33 Kt-B3, 34 K-K3 34 K-B3, 35 R- 
 Kt5 35 R-Rsq, 36 R-Kt6 36 R-Ksqch, 37 K-Q3 37 R-Qsqch, 38 Kt-Q5, and White wins. 
 
 (9) Not in the books. The approved continuation is 8 Kt-B3 8 B-K2, 9 CastlesQR 9 Castles, 
 10 KR-Ksq 10 Kt-Q2, even game. 
 
 (1.0) Continued 21 P-KKt4 21 RxQBP, and White resigns. 
 
 (11) Kt-KR3 is the usual move. 
 
 (12) It would be better to play 7 KtxKP 7 PxKt, 8 Q-R5ch ; but games played at exhibitions of 
 " Living Chess " are not a fair subject for critical notes. 
 
 (13) Continued 21 BxKt 21 PxB, 22 KR-KBsq 22 P-KKt3, 23 K-B3 23 Kt-K4, 24 P-KR3 24 Q-K3, 
 25 Q-R4 25 Q-Q4, 26 K-Kt2 26 Q-B4, 27 QR-Qsq 27 Q-R4, 28 QxP 28 Kt-B5ch, 29 PxKt, and Black 
 drew by perpetual check.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME AND THREE KNIGHTS' GAME. 
 
 THE Four Knights' Game has scarcely a history outside of the tournaments 
 and matches of the last six years. It is a coaservative Opening, leading to 
 a free exchange of minor Pieces at an early stage, and to a slow, cautious middle 
 Game. It avoids a speedy, direct attack with a small force, and brings the 
 Knights and Bishops forward, as if to get rid of some of them without advantage 
 on either side would facilitate matters. The admirers of the Opening, for off-hand 
 play, are very few. 
 
 fTlHE Three Knights' Game is less of a " trading-off " debut, and often quickly 
 -L runs into fine combinations, resembling, however, those of better known 
 Openings. Its individuality is slight ; and its recorded analysis, in English, at 
 least, is brief. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-K4 Kt-QB3 
 
 Position after White's 3rd move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 For 3 Kt-B3, see cols 1-4 ; for 3 P-KKt3, see col 5 ; and for 3 B-B4, see col 6 
 on next page.
 
 44 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 FOUR KNIGHTS' GAME. 
 
 THREE KNIGHTS' GAME. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Schwarz 
 Mackenzie 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Englisch 
 Rosenthal 
 
 3 
 
 New 
 Orleans 1884. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Buck Dunn &c. 
 
 4 
 
 3rd French 
 Nat Tour '83. 
 
 Clerc 
 De Riviere 
 
 5 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Blackburnc 
 Steinitz 
 
 P-K4 
 
 6 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Bird 
 
 2 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 
 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 
 3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 
 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 
 4 
 
 Kt-Bb 
 B-Kt5 
 
 
 
 
 P-KKt3 
 P-Q4 
 
 B-B4 (15) 
 KtxP 
 
 5 
 
 B-B4 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt5 (6) 
 
 Castles 
 
 
 P-QE3 (12) 
 BxKt 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 KtxKt 
 P-Q4 
 
 R 
 
 P-Q3 (1) 
 P-Q4 
 
 Castles 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 QPxB 
 KtxP 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-K3 
 
 B-Q3 
 PxKt 
 
 7 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-Kt5 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 KtxP 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-K2 
 
 BxP 
 B-Q3 
 
 8 
 
 B-Q2 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-B3 (10) 
 
 Q-Q5 
 
 Castles 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 q 
 
 PxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-KB3 (7) 
 B-KE4 
 
 B-E4 
 P-Q6 
 
 QxKKt 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-B3 
 
 P-QB3 
 Q-E5 
 
 10 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-B4 
 
 B-Kc5 (8) 
 P-KE3 
 
 PxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 B-K3 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 P-Q3! 
 P-B4 
 
 11 
 
 B-Kt3 
 KtxB 
 
 B-Q2 (9) 
 E-Ktsq 
 
 P-K5 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 Q-Q4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 B-E6 
 
 B-Q5ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 Ifl 
 
 KPxKt 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-QKt3 ? 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-E4 
 
 Q-Q2 
 B-Kt5 
 
 Kt-K4 
 BxB 
 
 l'-KKt3 
 Q-K2 
 
 18 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 E-Ksq (2) 
 
 E-Ksq 
 E-Ksq 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-E5 
 
 P-E3 
 Q-E5 
 
 KxB 
 B-K2 
 
 K-Q2? 
 B-B4 
 
 14 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 P-Kt4 ? 
 KtxKtP ! 
 
 B-B4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Q-E4 
 
 P-KB3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-KB4 
 E-Qsq 
 
 15 
 
 Q-B4ch 
 B-K3 
 
 PxKt 
 BxP 
 
 B-KKt3 
 Q-K2 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B-i 
 
 QK-Qsq 
 
 BxKt (1H) 
 PxB 
 
 16 
 
 QxQP 
 P-B4 
 
 PxP? 
 PxP 
 
 P-KE3 
 Kt-E3 
 
 P-KKt4 
 
 Q-K13 
 
 P-B3 
 B-B4 
 
 PxP 
 B-E3 
 
 17 
 
 Q-Q3 
 P-KE3 '3) 
 
 E-K4? 
 PxE 
 
 P-B4 
 Kt-B4 
 
 CastlesQE 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 B-Q2 
 BxKt 
 
 P-Q4 
 QxP 
 
 18 
 
 P-B4 
 Q-B2 
 
 QKtxP 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-B2 
 P-KE4 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-B4 
 
 ExB 
 P-B5 
 
 P-QKt4 
 BxKtP 
 
 19 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 QR-Qsq (4) 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 BxB 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-E5 
 
 B-B3 
 B-B2 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 P-K5! 
 
 PxB 
 BxKt 
 
 30 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-QKt3 
 
 QxB 
 BxKt+ 
 
 K-E2 
 Q-K3 
 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Q-K3 
 
 BPxP 
 Kt-K6ch 
 
 K-B3 (17) 
 Q-K5 
 
 
 QE-Qsq (5) 
 
 
 B-Qsq (11) 
 
 KR-Ksq(i3) 
 
 BxKt (14) 
 
 Q-Q2 (18) 
 
 For Notes see page 45.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 45 
 
 NOTES, to page 44. 
 
 (1) Mr Sellman recalls the fact that, in the First American Chess Congress (1857), Morphy at 
 this point played Castles, and won ; and remarks that the termination was of such remarkable 
 depth and brilliancy, as to rank it among the immortal games. 
 
 (2) White has made a skillful Opening. 
 
 (3) Tame. Mr Kanken suggests as better, 17 P-B5 17 PxP, 18 Q-B2, followed next move by 
 QB-Qsq. 
 
 (4) Threatening BxEPch. 
 
 (5) Continued, 21 B-B2 21 ExEch, 22 BxE 22 B-Ksq, 23 B-B3 23 P-Kt3, 24 B-Kt2 24 B-Bsq, 25 Q- 
 B3 25 K-Kt2 (inferior to E-K3), 26 B-KBsq 26 Q-K3, 27 P-KKt4 27 B-Kt2, 28 P-Kt5 28 K-Bsq, 29 Px 
 Kt 29 Q-K5, 30 Q-Kt3 30 Q-B7, 31 E-Ksq ! (if Black captures the B he loses his Q) 31 E-K5, 32 ExR 
 32 QxE, 33 B-K5 33 P-E4, 34 K-B2 34 Q-B7ch, 35 B-K2, and Black resigned. 
 
 (6) This game was the last played in the Congress, and resulted in Englisch tieing with Mac- 
 kenzie and Mason for fifth, sixth, and seventh prizes. 
 
 (7) Mr Steinitz says this is weak. He prefers 8 Kt-K2, a move that cannot be made after the 
 KBP is moved. 
 
 (8) Lost time. He should play B-Q2 at once. 
 
 (9) The same authority prefers here 10 BxKt, and 11 P-Kt4. 
 
 (10) The usual continuation is 8 KtxP 8 KtxP, 9 P-QB3, and White is thought to have slightly 
 the better game. 
 
 (11) Continued, 21 Q-B3 21 P-B4, 22 P-B4 22 E-Bsq, 23 B-Qsq 23 E-B2, 24 E-E3 24 E-QB3, 25 B- 
 K2 25 B-Kt3, 26 B-Kt5 26 Q-Bsq, 27 P-QKt3 27 Kt-Ktsq, 28 P-B4 (Mr Steinitz pronounced this 
 advance premature, and held that 28 B-Q2 would have given him a decided advantage) 28 B-Kt4. 
 Black won on the 80th move, after a seven hours' contest, in three sittings. 
 
 (12) M Bosenthal says the best move here is B-Kt5. 
 
 (13) Continued, 21 Q-B3 21 B-Kt2 (M Bosenthal believes Black could have won by 21 QxBP), 
 22 Q-E5 22 B-Ktsq, 23 Q-Kt6 23 B-Q2 (M Bosenthal says that this move gives White the better 
 game), 24 QxQ 24 PxQ, 25 B-Kt3 25 B-Bsq, 26 P-Q5 ? This weak move permitted the Black KB 
 to enter the game. Black won on the 46th move. 
 
 (14) Continued, 21 PxB 21 B-K2, 22 Q-Kt5 22 Q-Ksq, 23 E-Q3 23 ExP?, 24 E-E3 24 Q-K2, and 
 
 White mated in three moves. 
 
 (15) Dr Zukertort says this is an inferior defence. He would bring out the other Kt, running 
 into the Four Knights' Game. 
 
 (16) If B-Kt3 White wins by P-K5. 
 
 (17) If QxB White would continue 20 BxPch 20 K-Ksq, 21 B-K5+. 
 
 (18) Continued, 21 QxB 21 QxB, 22 B-Ksq 22 Q-Q3, 23 B-K8 23 Q-Q2, 24 QR-Ksq 24 Q-QB2, 25 Q- 
 B6ch 25 K-B4, 26 QB-K6 26 BxB, 27 ExB, and Black resigned.
 
 46 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN GAME. 
 
 THIS Opening is also known as " Staunton's Opening," and the "English 
 Knight's Opening." The "Synopsis" says, without qualification, that 
 full analysis has shown that it is not to be recommended for the first player. 
 Chess periodicals may be examined for months, without finding a specimen of it. 
 Mr Staunton said of it, in 1848, that " it deserves, and if we mistake not will yet 
 attain, a higher place in the category of legitimate Openings than has hitherto 
 been assigned to it." Twenty-five years later he wrote that the Opening had been 
 grudgingly admitted into favor, and that another quarter of a century would 
 possibly be required to enable it "to take the rank it deserves among our best 
 debut." This opinion has not been verified, and there are but slight indications 
 that it will be. 
 
 Mr W N Potter has recently written two brief articles on the Opening, in 
 which he takes, if not a favorable, at least a neutral position regarding its merits. 
 He says : 
 
 " As to some defences, we fancy the last words have yet to be said. Take, for instance, 
 Steinitz's Defence : 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3, 3 P-B3 3 P-Q4 !, 4 Q-R4 4 P-B3. This 
 last move was adopted by Steinitz against Wisker in 1868, and ever since its introduction on that 
 occasion has been highly esteemed. Zukertort thought so well of 4 P-B3 that he adopted it 
 against Ro?enthal in their match. Wisker and Rosenthal both continued with 5 B-Kt5 ; and 
 Steinitz and Zukertort both replied with KKt-K2. Wisker then continued with 6 PxP, getting 
 thereby a bad game. Rosenthal's continuation was 6 P-Q3, and Zukertort answered with B-Q2, 
 whereupon followed 7 PxP 7 KtxP, and Black has undoubtedly the better game. Now, according 
 to our opinion, Rosenthal's sixth move was all right, but his seventh was a material aid to Black 
 in developing. Let the moves be replayed : 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 2 Kt-QB3, 3 P-B3 3 P-Q4, 
 4 Q-R4 4 P-B3, 5 B-Kt5 5 KKt-K2, 6 P-Q3 6 B-Q2. We now play for White, 7 Q-B2, and are 
 unable to perceive that Black has the slightest superiority. This, by way of a first step, and 
 because we do not want to inflict too violent a shock upon those who assume that 4 Q-R4, met 
 by P-B3, subjects White to a crushing disadvantage. 
 
 " It is a pity that the spirit of originality does not more obtain amongst analysts and players, 
 instead of so much following of the bell. Well, there is 7 Q-B2, by which move White means to 
 keep the position as it is, quietly developed, and leave Black to unlock himself. The following is 
 a probable variation, and it is one which we believe will be accepted with but slight modifications, 
 as containing the best line of play on both sides : 7 Q-B2 7 P-QR3, 8 B-R4 8 P-QKt4, 9 B-Kt3 9 B- 
 K3, 10 Castles (B-K3 has its claims, but it impedes the development of the QKt) 10 Q-Q2, or Q3, 
 and the game seems to us about equal. Black's position is stronger in some respects, but he is 
 subjected to counter-balancing disadvantages. Should he intend to Castle on the King's side, 
 there will be loss of time, and also a weakening of his strong points. Should he Castle on the 
 Queen's side, he must prepare for a very formidable attack, and, indeed, such an operation seems 
 out of the question, if theoretical doctrines and practical lessons stand for anything. There are 
 divers modifications, after arriving at White's tenth move, that are worth pointing out : 10 Castles 
 10 Q-Q2, 11 B-K3 11 Kt-Kt3, 12 R-Qsq, and White's game is good, as he now threatens P-Q4, with 
 effect, and, moreover, he now proposes to release QKt, seeing that, as the position stands, it can 
 go to Q2, and thence to KBsq. The idea that the QKt could not go to Q2, on account of P-Q5, 
 will be dispelled, if the student only looks two moves before him. Black, to prevent the QKt 
 thus coming out, may bring his QR on to the scene. As to this, we go back to White's tenth 
 move 10 Castles 10 Q-Q2, 11 B-K3 11 Kt-Kt3, 12 R-Qsq 12 R-Qsq. Here White may play 13 P-Q4, 
 which promises more than it can perform, but which, nevertheless, performs quite enough for 
 equality ; or he may simplify by 13 PxP 13 BxP, 14 QKt-Q2, where we leave him fully developed, 
 and subject to no inferiority of position." 
 
 Mr J Eeichhelm, of Philadelphia, does not agree with Mr Potter as to White's 
 ability to make an effective answer to Black's 4 P-B3, which Mr Keichhelin terms 
 " a crushing rejoinder." He says : 
 
 " Remember, it is part of Steinitz's system of play that, when the adverse King's Bishop is 
 either off the board, or not in a situation to effectively play to QB4, then the King's Pawn is best 
 defended by Pawn at B3. This hinders all attacks of Kt, or B-KKt5, and, in a great measure, 
 bottles up the attack." 
 
 Mr Potter, in " Land and Water," proposes that the first player should 
 continue thus, his innovation resting on White's seventh move : 
 
 " 5 B-Kt5 5 Kt-K2, 6 P-Q3 6 B-Q2, 7 Q-B2, and White is under no disadvantage. Even 
 assuming this to be absolutely correct, if the first player is compelled to battle to barely hold his 
 own in the position so early as the seventh move, this Opening may be quietly laid away on the 
 shelf." 
 
 Resuming the subject in the second article, Mr Potter remarks that he does 
 not allege that " Staunton's Opening " is a particularly good method of conmienc-
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 47 
 
 ing, but his position is, that the maledictions heaped upon it by analysts are, in 
 his opinion, undeserved. He says : 
 
 " We lately gave our reasons for supposing that (the line of play given above) yields no such 
 game as White should fear, and we rather fancy the same may be said of the forms of 3 P-Q4. 
 At any rate they, with 3 P-B4, may wait until there is more demand for an examination of their 
 claims than at present exists. The most formidable enemy of the " Staunton Attack " is 3 Kt- 
 B3. The recognised reply is 4 P-Q4, with KtxKP or P-Q4 as Black's rejoinder. Here Mr Edward 
 Marks stops in and proposes PxP, as another fourth move that Black can adopt. He sends us an 
 analysis, wherefrom we extract the following lines (beginning each time at White's third move) : 
 
 3 P-B3 3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 PxP 5 B-Kt5ch, with the better game ; 3 P-B3 3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 
 
 4 PxP, 5 KtxP 5 KtxP, and again Black for choice ; 3 P-B3 3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 B-KKt5 
 
 5 PxP, and such attack as White may have, will scarcely compensate him for being a Pawn 
 behind ; 3 P-B3 3 Kt-B3, 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 P-K5, Black has three replies, namely, 5 Kt-Q4, 5 Kt- 
 K5, and 5 Q-K2. Mr Marks sends us variations upon each, but they open up issues that cannot 
 be satisfactorily dealt with in the limits at our disposal. We may, however, mention, as one of 
 the main points, that Black threatens to break up White's centre, by P-Q3, on which account Mr 
 Steinitz, to whom Mr Marks submitted his variations, condemned White's game, as a whole. 
 
 " Our own examination of 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, has not had the effect of making us perfectly assured 
 of the goodness of Mr Marks' defence ; but that question becomes of minor importance in our 
 eyes, on account of the general feeling we have against P-Q4 itself. We prefer either 4 Q-R4, or 
 4 B-Kt5. The former, if we mistake not, is now suggested for the first time ; while as to the 
 latter, though not new, it has been hitherto wrongly continued. We will take them in succession : 
 4 Q-E4 4 B-K2, 5 B-Kt5, with the better game ; 4 Q-B4 4 P-Q4, 5 KtxP, and White for choice ; 
 4 Q-R4 4 P-QR3, 5 B-B4 (if 5 B-Kt5, then KtxP, and Black appears to us to obtain the superiorly, 
 though on this point we would be gladly convicted of error, whereas PxB we do not fear) 5 P-Q4, 
 
 6 PxP fi KtxP, 7 KtxP 7 Q-K2, 8 BxKt 8 QxKtch, 9 Q-K4, and White is a Pawn ahead, with no 
 disadvantage in position. Had Black played 7 P-QKt4, then 8 KtxKt, to say nothing of 8 BxKtP, 
 which could, however, have been profitably played. As far as we can see, 4 Q-R4 can stand. It 
 is obvious that 4 P-QR3, 5 B-B4 5 KtxP, 6 BxPch 6 KxB, 7 QxKt, produces no inferiority for 
 White, to say no more ; and therefore, after 4 Q-R4 4 P-QR3, 5 B-B4, Black appears to have 
 nothing better than B-K2 or B-B4. Either of these moves is doubtless good enough for equality, 
 but Black ought to aim at something more than an even game, if the unfavorable opinions of 
 various analysts are to be maintained. It is true that, after 4 Q-R4, Black can play at once B- 
 B4 ; but then 5 B-Kt5, and White has rather the better game. 
 
 " As to the other line mentioned, namely, 4 B-Kt5, the usual continuation is 4 KtxP, 5 Castles, 
 but we would play 5 Q-K2 5 Kt-Q3, 6 KtxP, and if White suffer from any inequality, we should 
 like it to be made known to us." 
 
 We conclude this debate on a neglected Opening with a game, at this debut, 
 played in July 1883, at the Nurernburg Congress, with notes from " The Field " : 
 
 
 
 11 B-K3 
 
 (3) 11 Kt-B3 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 BLACK. 
 
 12 Kt-Q2 
 
 (4) 12 Kt-Q4 
 
 Mr Winawer. 
 
 Mr Eiemann. 
 
 13 P-KE4 
 14 QxP 
 
 13 K-K2 (5) 
 14 B-KKt5 
 
 1 P-K4 
 
 1 P-K4 
 
 15 Kt-B3 
 
 15 KtxP 
 
 2 Kt-KB3 
 
 2 Kt-QB3 
 
 16 PxKt 
 
 16 QxPch 
 
 3 P-B3 
 
 3 P-Q4 
 
 17 K-K2 
 
 17 Q-B5ch 
 
 4 Q-K4 
 
 4 PxP (1) 
 
 18 K-Qsq 
 
 18 BxKtch 
 
 5 KtxP 
 
 5 Q-Q4 
 
 19 PxB 
 
 19 Q-Q4ch 
 
 6 KtxKt 
 
 6 PxKt 
 
 20 B-Q2 
 
 20 QxPch 
 
 7 P-Q4 
 
 7 PxP en pass 
 
 21 K-B2 
 
 21 Q-K5ch 
 
 8 BxP 
 
 8 QxB (2) 
 
 22 K-Kt3 
 
 22 Q-Q4ch 
 
 9 QxPch 
 
 \ / 
 
 9 K-Qsq 
 
 23 K-B2 
 
 23 Q-K5ch 
 
 10 QxE 
 
 10 B-Q3 
 
 
 Drawn Game. 
 
 (1) Inferior. 4 P-B3 is the proper continuation. 
 
 (2) This capture is unsound, and ought to involve the loss of the game, if properly followed up 
 by Black. 
 
 (3) If White had played now 11 Q-B3, Black's game would have been irretrievably lost. Win- 
 awer remarked that he knew the move well enough, and played this variation on the strength of 
 it ; but somehow, at the last moment, changed his mind. 
 
 (4) Now it is too late to retire Q to B3, because of 12 B-KKt5, &c. 
 
 (5) 13 R-Ksq would have been more forcible, and probably have won the game. If, in answer, 
 White Castles, Black wins with 14 KtxP, &c.
 
 48 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTEK GAMBIT. 
 HUNGAEIAN DEFENCE. 
 
 THE 
 
 rTlHESE Openings are not brought near together because they have any resem- 
 I blance ; indeed, they are antithetical. In the Queen's Pawn Counter Gambit 
 Black at once tries to seize the attack. In the Hungarian Defence the second 
 player takes a very quiet line of play, looking to a safe and substantial development 
 of his game, before either sustaining or attempting a serious attack. The Queen's 
 Pawn Counter Game does not stand high in the esteem of analysts. The Hun- 
 garian Defence has not received much attention from them, the debut being so 
 conservative that, like a fortunate people, it has but little history. It enables 
 Black to avoid the Evans and kindred attacks, and it is believed to be sound in all 
 respects. The fact that it is not mentioned by Staunton, Bird, Wormald, Gossip, 
 or Cook is due to its not having attracted much notice from players and analysts. 
 The reputation it has is fair. 
 
 QUEEN'S PAWN COUNTER GAMBIT. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 P-K4 
 
 1 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-KKt5 (1) 
 
 BxPch (2) 
 
 KxB 
 
 Kt-Kt5ch 
 
 Kmoves 
 
 QxB+ 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q3 (3) 
 
 B-QKt5 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 Kt-B3 ! 
 
 P-QB3 
 
 BxKt 
 
 BxB 
 
 Q-B4 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt5 (4) 
 
 P-Kt4+ (5) 
 
 PxP 
 
 QxP 
 
 B-K3 
 BxB 
 
 PxB 
 
 Castles 
 
 Castles 
 E-Ksq 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 + 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-R4 
 
 P-KK3 
 P-QR3 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-Q2 
 
 B-B4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QKt4+ 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 5 
 
 Q-B4 
 P-QKt4 
 Q-Q3 
 B-Kt2+ 
 
 (1) We are indebted to Mr George Tatnall, Wilmington, Del., for the analysis on this page. 
 
 (2) It is strange that this move has been overlooked. Mr Staunton and others even proceed a 
 few moves, and give Black an even game. 
 
 (3) After diligent analysis, Mr Tatnall regards this move as very strong. He says it wins a P 
 for White, or gives him a great superiority in position. 
 
 (4) He dare not Castle. 
 
 (5) These were the opening moves in a game in " The Commercial Gazette " Correspondence 
 Tourney, between Mr Tatnall and Mr J W Shaw, Montreal, Canada. White obtained the advan- 
 tage in the Opening, but through some minor errors did not win until the 80th move.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF tfHE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 49 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 HUNGARIAN DEFENCE. 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-B4 
 
 B-K2 
 
 4 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q5 
 
 PxP 
 
 QxQ 
 
 (2) 
 
 Kt-QKtsq 
 
 BxQ- 
 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q5 
 Kt-Ktl (3 
 
 Castles (1) 
 
 10 
 
 P-B3 (4) 
 
 
 PxP 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-B4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Ksq 
 
 Castles (5) 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-K4 (6) 
 Q-E4ch 
 
 Castles 
 P-K5 
 
 B-Kt5 
 B-K3 
 
 P-B3 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-Ksq 
 KtxP 
 
 
 KxKt 
 PxKP+ 
 
 P-Q4 
 KtxKt 
 
 
 PxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-Kt3 (7) 
 
 (1) Mr Potter considers that Black has an excellent game. Black now proposes to play Kt-Ksq, 
 followed by P-KB4, with a probability, unless met with nice play, of obtaining a superiority in 
 position. In playing 3 B-K2 Mr Potter says that Black supports his Q at the very moment she 
 wants support. 
 
 (2) KtxP will not do, e.g. : 5 KtxP, 6 KtxKt 6 PxKt, 7 Q-R5 + . 
 
 (3) White's move, 5 P-Q5, has the effect of depriving White of the slight advantage properly 
 belonging to the first move. Mr Potter remarks that extended analysis of the Hungarian is not 
 required, simplicity being its special characteristic. The " Handbuch's " suggested variation at 
 this point is 5 P-Q5 5 Kt-Ktsq, 6 B-Q3 6 B-Kt5, 7 Castles 7 Kt-KB3, 8 P-B4 8 P-B3, 9 Kt-B3 9 Kt-R3. 
 
 (4) This, and the following column, are from the German " Handbuch." 5 P-B3 seems to be a 
 better move for White than those suggested by Mr Potter. 
 
 (5) If 6 B-Kt5, 7 B-QKt5. If 6 PxP, 7 PxP 7 P-Q4, 8 PxP 8 KtxP, 9 B-Kt5 + . 
 
 (6) If 6 Kt-B3, 7 Kt-Kt5 7 Kt-QE4, 8 Q-B4ch 8 P-B3, 9 B-K6 + . 
 
 (7) Continued, 11 Kt-Q2 11 Kt-Kt2, 12 Kt-B3 12 P-B3 (premature, since it affords White the 
 opportunity for commencing an immediate attack), 13 Kt-Q4 (best; this, as will be seen anon, 
 obtains a decided advantage in position. Black has already a very difficult game to play) 13 PxP, 
 14 KtxP 14 Q-Q3, 15 KtxKP 15 B-R5 (B-B3 is better), 16 P-KKt3 16 B-B3, 17 B-KB4 17 P-Kt4, 
 18 Kt-B7 18 Q-Kt3, 19 KtxP 19 BxKt, 20 BxB 20 QxBPch, 21 K-Rsq 21 B-R6 (B-Kt2 would be still 
 better), 22 B-KBsq 22 BxB, 23 RxB 23 Q-QB4, 24 B-B4 24 QR-Ksq, 25 Q-Q2 25 Kt-K3, 26 B-RG 
 26 RxRch, 27 RxR 27 Q-B5, 28 Q-Ksq 28 Kt-Bsq, and White announced mate in five moves.
 
 50 AMEKICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE VIENNA GAME. 
 
 THE Vienna Game, with its ramifications, is the subject of much interest in 
 the Chess World, and some important discoveries have been made in it 
 within a year or two. 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) P-Q4 is the usual move. 
 
 (2) B-Q2 was the proper move. 
 
 (3) M Rosenthal, from whose notes to this game we quote, does not approve of this move. He 
 regards it as losing time. White should play 3 B-B4, or 3 Kt-B3. 
 
 (4) Black should have played here B-B4, followed by P-Q3, a position identical with one in the 
 Kuy Lopez. 
 
 (5) The proper play, 4 B-Kt5, 5 Kt-Q5 5 KtxKt, or B-K2. 
 (G) B-B4 is better. 
 
 (7) B-B4, followed by Castles, is preferable. 
 
 (8) This attack on the Q side is premature, the Pa .vns on this side being weakened for the end 
 game. 
 
 (9) Weak. P-Q4 should have been played. 
 
 (10) A premature attack. 
 
 (11) M Rosenthal would have preferred 20 Kt-K2 20 CasKR !, 21 BxKt 21 PxB, 22 Q-B2, followed 
 by Kt-Kt3 + . The game was equal at thfe 38th move ; but, through Black's weak play at that 
 point, White won on the 58th move. 
 
 (12) Lost time. He should have played at once 9 P-KB4 9 PxP, 10 KtxP, because now BxKtP 
 is not to be feared. 
 
 (13) B-Q5 would have been fatal. 
 
 (14) In seeking to avoid the exchange of Queens, Mr Steinitz did not observe that his Q had 
 no good square to go to. M Rosenthal says he should have played 14 Kt-B3, 15 Q-Bsq, and then 
 retreat. 
 
 (15) This mistake should have lost the game. He should have accepted the exchange of Queens, 
 then played Kt-K2, remaining with a good game. 
 
 (16) Too hasty with the attack. B-K3 would have won easily. 
 
 (17) If R moves, Black makes the paralyzing reply, P-Kt5. 
 
 (18) The usual attack is Kt-Q5. 
 
 (19) M Rosenthal, in a general way, dislikes this move. It opens the way for a combination 
 in which an adversary can sacrifice his QB. 
 
 (20) Lost time. Kt-K2 was the move. 
 
 (21) Again lost time. 
 
 (22) Weak. White should have kept his B, to take part in a counter attack. 
 
 (23) Continued, 21 Kt-R6 21 R-Kt2, 22 KR-Ktsq 22 R-QKtsq, 23 P-R5 23 Q-Bsq, 24 P-Kt3 24 Kt- 
 K2, 25 P-R4 25 PxP, a weak move. Black could have won a Pawn and the game at this point, 
 by P-Kt5. After a protracted struggle, Black won. 
 
 (24) 21 PxR 21 RxP, and White resigns. One of twelve simultaneous games played by Dr 
 Zukertort.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 VIENNA OPENING. 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 l 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Schwarz 
 Winawer 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 St. Louis, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Max Judd 
 
 P-B4 
 
 3 
 
 Match 1881 
 Paris. 
 
 Clerc 
 De Riviere 
 
 4 
 Paris, 1882. 
 
 Clerc and De 
 Riviere v 
 Steinitz 
 
 5 
 
 2nd French 
 Nat Tour '81. 
 Clerc 
 Chamier 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 6 
 
 Cincinnati, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Ettlinger 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-B4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 B-Kt5 (3) 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-QE4 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 (4) 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-E4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Kt5 
 
 B-Kt3 
 KtxB 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 B-B4 
 
 Kt-Q5 (5) 
 B-E4 (6) 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 Castles (18) 
 Castles 
 P-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-Q4 
 
 EPxKt 
 B-B4 (1) 
 
 Castles 
 P-Q3 
 
 KtxKtch 
 QxKt 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q3 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt5 
 P-KE3 
 
 P-B3 
 PxP 
 
 P-B3 (7) 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 Kt-K2 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-KK3 (19) 
 
 P-KE3 
 BxKt 
 
 B-E4 
 P-Q3 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-K2 
 
 P-QE4 (8) 
 P-QE3 
 
 KtxKKtch 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-Kt5 
 
 BxB 
 PxP 
 
 P-E3 
 P-KKt4 
 
 Q-K2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 Q-E5 
 P-B3 (12) 
 
 P-B3 
 B-QB4 
 
 KtxP 
 PxP 
 
 B-Kt3 
 E-KKtsq 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-E6 
 P-KB4 
 
 K-Esq! 
 Kt-KE4 (20 
 
 QxP 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-QB3 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-E3 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-E3 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Q-Kt7 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 KKt-Ktsq 
 Q-E5 (21) 
 
 P-B4 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 P-E3 
 
 K-Esq 
 Kt-E4 (2) 
 
 P-Kt4 
 B-K3 
 
 P-KE4 
 P-E4 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Q-K2 
 
 Castles 
 QKtxKt 
 
 P-Kt4 
 B-E2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-B3 (9) 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-B3 
 B-Q2 
 
 PxKt 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-K3 
 
 KtxP 
 Kt(E4)-B5 
 
 B-KKt2 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-K2! (13) 
 
 P-KKt4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-B3 
 
 Q-Qsq 
 B-E6 
 
 B-E3 
 P-KE4 (10) 
 
 PxP (14) 
 BxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-E2 
 
 P-KE4 
 P-KB3 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-KE4 
 
 B-B7ch 
 QxB 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 B-B4ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 B-E2 
 P-Kt5 
 
 KtxQ 
 BxPch 
 
 B-B3 
 P-E5 
 
 Q-B6 (15) 
 B-Kt5 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-QE4 
 
 P-E5 
 Kt-K4 
 
 P-E4 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 KxKt 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-E2 
 
 P-KB3 
 
 B-Qsq (16) 
 
 Q-Kt2 
 Q-E5 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 B-B4 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-Bsq 
 
 E-Ksq 
 B-E6 
 
 P-QKt5 
 PxP 
 
 PxB 
 BxQ 
 
 B-Q2 
 BxKt (22) 
 
 P-E6 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-KB4 
 
 BxKt 
 KtxB 
 
 PxP 
 BxKt (11) 
 
 BxB 
 
 PxP (17) 
 
 ExB 
 Kt-Kt4 
 
 B-Q5 
 B-Kt3 
 
 PxP+ 
 
 Kt-B4+ 
 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-K2! 
 Drawn. 
 
 Q-K2 (23) 
 
 QExKt(24) 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 52 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE HAMPE-ALLGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT. 
 
 AEEVIVAL of interest has occurred in the Hampe-Allgaier Gambit ; especially 
 in what may be called the Hampe-Allgaier-Thorold. The text books have 
 given the beauties and difficulties of this Opening but little attention. We present 
 the substance of an analysis of it, by Mr W Timbrell Pierce, published in "The 
 British Chess Magazine," 1884. 
 
 HAMPE-ALLGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 P-K4 
 
 g Kt-QB3 
 
 3 P-B4 
 
 4 Kt-B3 5 P-KE4 
 
 P-K4 
 1 
 Kt-KKt5 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 2 
 
 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 3 
 
 P-KKt4 P-Kt5 
 456 
 
 P-KE3 (1) 
 KtxP 
 
 
 Kt-K4 P-Q3 
 P-Q4 B-B4 
 
 KxKt 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-KE3 Kt-K4 
 BxP (13) B-Kt3 
 
 P-Q3 (2) 
 BxP (3) 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 P-KE3 
 KtxP P-Q4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-B4ch 
 
 QKt-K2 
 B-B4 
 
 KxKt PxKt 
 B-B4ch PxKt (14) 
 
 K-Kt3 (4) 
 B-K3 (5) 
 
 K-Kt2 
 BxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 KtxP 
 
 K-E2 (6) 
 Q-Q3 (7) 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 B-K5 
 
 
 KKt-K2 (8) 
 CastlesKE 
 
 QxP 
 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-E5 
 
 Kt-Kt5 (9) 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-K5ch 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 Kt-E2 
 Q-Q3 
 
 B-B4+ 
 
 P-Kt6 
 
 E-B7!+(10) 
 
 B-K3 
 QxKtch 
 
 Q-Kt4 
 Kt-K4 
 
 KxQ 
 B-Q3ch 
 
 QxKP 
 CastlesKE 
 
 K-E4 (11) 
 Kt-B4ch 
 
 B-Q3 
 KtxB 
 
 K-Kt4 
 KtxBch 
 
 QxKt 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 K-E4 
 Ktmates. 
 
 E-Bsq ! 
 ExE 
 
 
 KtxE (12) 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 53 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) If Black plays 6 P-B3, the following is likely : 7 QxP 7 P-KR4 (if 7 Kt-K4, 8 Q-R5cli 8 Kt- 
 Kt3, 9 Kt-R3, fec.), 8 Q-B5 8 QKt-K2, 9 QxP(B4) 9 PxKt, 10 Q-K5 10 R-R3, 11 B-B4, with a strong 
 attack. 
 
 (2) If 8 P-B6, White proceeds 9 B-QB4ch, or 9 B-KB4 as in the usual Allgaier, but with a 
 better chance. 
 
 (3) White may check with B either on this or the next move. If White plays 9 B-B4ch Black 
 should reply K-Kt3, in order to play B-Kt2. 
 
 (4) Better than K-Ksq, as the continuation then would be 11 B-K3 11 Q-K2, 12 Q-Q2, followed 
 by CastlesQR, with a strong game. 
 
 (5) This move seems essential, to protect the QP. . White may, however, try 11 P-K5, and 
 Black can hardly venture to take the P, because of the continuation 12 P-R5ch 12 K-B3 !, 13 B 
 or PxPch, &c. Black's best reply is, probably, 11 B-B4, 12 P-Roch 12 K-R2, 13 B-K6 13 KKt-K2, 
 
 14 BxBch 14 KtxB, 15 QxP, or Q-Q3. If Biack reply 11 KKt-K2, White proceeds 12 P-R5ch 
 
 12 K-R2, 13 P-K6 !, and Black has a difficult game. White might also play, with equal force, 
 11 P-R5ch, and 12 P-K5. 
 
 (6) Game, Zukertort v Hirschfeld. The object being to prevent White from Castling. In 
 another game between the same players occurred this variation : 11 KKt-K2, 12 Castles 12 R-Bsq, 
 
 13 Q-Q2 13 K-R2, 14 RxR 14 QxR, 15 R-KBsq 15 Q-Ksq !, 16 B-B7 16 Q-Rsq !, 17 Kt-Q5 ! + . 
 
 (7) Mr Pierce's latest opinion is that White's best course is to Castle (see next column). 
 
 (8) If Kt-Kt5, White wins with 13 P-K5ch. 
 
 (9) Best. If 13 R-Bsq, White continues 14 Kt-Q5, and wins. 
 
 (10) Threatening Kt-B6ch. 
 
 (11) If 17 B-B4, 18 RxB, with the better game, threatening R-R5ch, then if KxR, White mates 
 in three. 
 
 (12) This, a correspondence game between Mr W T Pierce (White) and Mr F Budden (Black), 
 was continued : 21 Q-QB3ch 21 K-B2, 22 R-Bsqch 22 K-Ksq (the move actually played was K-Ktsq, 
 but the text move is stronger), 23 Q-Kt7 23 Q-K2, 24 Q-Kt8, and White should now recover his 
 Piece and win, by B-Q3 and B-KtG. 
 
 (13) PxKt is bad, for then ensues 8 PxKt, 9 QxP 9 P-Q3, 10 Q-Qsq (of course White cannot 
 take KtP with Q) 10 PxKP, with much the better game. 
 
 (14) And Black appears to have the advantage slightly. Black cannot very well capture KP, 
 because of 11 BxPch 11 K-K2, 12 QxQch 12 KxQ, 13 BxKt 13 RxB, 14 PxP 14 RxP?, 15 R-R8 
 
 15 K-Ksq, 16Kt-Q5 + .
 
 54 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 HAMPE-ALLGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT. 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 P-K4 
 
 o Kt-QB3 
 
 3 P-B4 
 
 4 Kt-B3 - P-KB4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 7 
 
 London, 
 1881. 
 
 Wayte 
 Zukertort 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 6 Kt-KKt5 
 
 PxP 
 ? KtxP 
 
 P-KKt4 P-Kt5 
 8 P-Q4 
 
 P-KB3 
 
 8 
 
 New Orleans, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Ernst 
 
 KxKt 
 9 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Adair 
 
 10 
 
 St. Louis, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Haller 
 
 BxP 
 
 11 
 
 Correspond- 
 ence Game. 
 
 Monck 
 Jarvis 
 
 12 
 
 London. 
 
 Mephisto 
 Tschigorin 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-B4ch 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 P-B6 
 B-QB4ch 
 
 K-Kt3 (1) 
 BxP (2) 
 
 K-Ksq 
 BxP 
 
 QKt-K2 
 B-B4 
 
 K-Ksq? 
 PxP 
 
 K-Kt2 
 PxP 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-K3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-K3, 
 
 K-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-K2 
 B-K3 
 
 B-K2 
 B-K3 
 
 K-E2 
 Q-Q3 (3) 
 
 Q-K2 
 Castles 
 
 P-B6 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-K5ch 
 
 BxPch 
 K-Q2 
 
 BxPch 
 K-Q2 
 
 KKt-K2 
 CastlesQK 
 
 QxBP 
 B-B7 
 
 P-Kt6 
 B-B4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles (8) 
 
 P-Q3 
 Q-K2 (12) 
 
 P-Q4? 
 PxQP 
 
 B-Bsq 
 QB-Bsq 
 
 P-Kt6 
 BxB 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-K5ch 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 B-B3 
 Q-B2 
 
 Kt-E4? 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Q-B7ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-K4 
 
 B-QB4ch 
 K-B2 
 
 Q-K2 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 B-K2 
 PxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 BxB 
 
 Q-B8ch 
 B-Ktsq 
 
 B-K2 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Kt-K5 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Q-Kt2 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 BxPch 
 
 BxB 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B3 ! 
 B-B7 (5) 
 
 B-Bsq 
 Q-B4 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 P-KB4 
 QB-KKtsq 
 
 ExB 
 P-Kt5 + 
 
 B-B4 
 B-Bsq 
 
 Kt-KKt5! 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 K-B2 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-Bsq 
 Q-Q2 
 
 K-Qsq 
 PxP 
 
 
 Q-Q2 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-B7ch 
 K-K2 
 
 Kt(B3)xP 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 B-Q2 (9) 
 P-K6 
 
 QBxP 
 B-K2 
 
 KtxBP 
 B-Ktsq (4) 
 
 B-Kt5ch 
 K-Q3 
 
 Kt(Q4)-K6 
 Q-E5 
 
 BxB 
 BxB 
 
 K-Q2 
 Q-B4 
 
 P-KB4! 
 BxB 
 
 BxQ 
 KtxBPch 
 
 BxP 
 KB-Ksq 
 
 B-Ksq 
 Q-B4 
 
 B-QBsq 
 ExP 
 
 QxB 
 B-Q3 
 
 K-Qsq 
 BxB 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 B-K2 
 
 Q-K2 
 QxPch (10) 
 
 ExE (13) 
 BxBch 
 
 B-B3 
 KxKt 
 
 QxP 
 B-Kt3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-QB4 
 
 K-Bsq 
 B-Q3 
 
 K-Qsq 
 BxE+ 
 
 BxQ+ 
 
 Kt-B6 (6) 
 
 KtxQP (7) 
 
 Q-Kt2 (11) 
 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 55 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) Mr Potter, in notes to this game, expresses dissatisfaction with this move. He dislikes it 
 equally in the Thorold-Allgaier, although upheld by Zukertort, Steinitz, and Wayte. 
 
 (2) The object here, as in Mr Thorold's variation of the Allgaier, is to clear the KB file for the 
 B. Nevertheless, Mr Potter says, having regard to the position of the Black K, he prefers for 
 White, 10 Kt-Q5, as putting a useful Piece in action, and anticipating Black's B-K2. 
 
 (3) Q-Q2 would be better. 
 
 (4) If 20 BxB 20 KtxB, 21 QxKt 21 KtxR, 22 B-Q3 22 B-Q3 !, 23 Q-B2 23 R-KBsq+. 
 
 (5) Mr Zukertort afterwards pronounced this weak, and said 17 Kt-Q5 might have maintained 
 the attack. The variations, however, are very complicated. 17 RxP would be bad for White, on 
 account of 17 R-Bsq, 18 Q-Q3 18 Kt-QKt5 + . 
 
 (6) Continued, 24 B-K3 24 Kt-K4ch, 25 PxKt 25 KtxPch, 26 K-B3 26 KtxB, 27 KtxR 27 QxP, 
 28 BxQRP 28 K-K2, 29 Kt-Kt6 29 Q-K6ch, 30 R-Q3 30 Q-B4ch, 81 K-Q2 31 Q-R4ch, and White 
 resigned. 
 
 (7) Continued, 24 R-Q2 24 KtxKBPch, 25 QxKt 25 RxQ, 26 RxQ 26 BxB, and White resigned. 
 
 (8) Mr Ranken says this is an error, and that White should have played instead, P-B5. 
 
 (9) But now Black in his turn is faulty. He ought to plant the B at KB4, and on White's 
 playing B-B4, in order to double his Books, the Q might go to Ksq, and afterward to Kt3. 
 
 (10) Mr Banken thinks Q-K5ch would have given White an advantage. 
 
 (11) Continued, 24 Q-K4 24 B-Q3, 25 B-B3 25 B-B4, 26 B-K3 26 B-B4, 27 R-K2 27 BxR, and 
 White resigned. 
 
 (12) PxP would be dangerous, on account of B-Kt4. 
 
 (13) BxB, giving up the Q, would be better.
 
 56 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE STEINITZ GAMBIT. THE FYFE GAMBIT. 
 
 rriHE Steinitz Gambit, formerly considered a remarkable combination of in- 
 JL genuity and bold movement of the King, has doubtless met its fate in a 
 simple discovery by the Rev G A MacDonnell, that Black, in the opening moves, 
 has the option of forcing a draw. Mr Steinitz has hardly yet conceded the down- 
 fall of the Gambit ; but his attempted vindication of it in the London Congress had 
 a disastrous effect on his score. 
 
 THE Fyfe Gambit, which is not referred to in the " Synopsis," was introduced 
 early in 1883 by Mr Fyfe, of the Glasgow Chess Club. Mr Blackburne 
 gave it a brief examination, during a visit to Glasgow, and is said to have expressed 
 the opinion that the Gambit leads to an even game. 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (A) The Rev C E Ranken says (1884) : " This move undoubtedly, in our opinion, initiates the 
 true defence to the Steinitz Gambit, for if now PxP, it enables Black to draw, if he pleases, by 
 Q-K2ch, &c. ; or to institute, as the game (Col 3) exemplifies, a severe, if not fatal attack, at the 
 temporary cost of a Piece. If, on the other hand, KtxP, Black obtains a decisive advantage by 
 6 B-KKtoch, 7 Kt-B3 7 Castles, 8 P-B3 (or BxP) 8 P-B4, &c. 
 
 (1) This repetition of checks by the -Q, alternately at KR5 and K2, has apparently demolished 
 the Steinitz Gambit as an attack. White must either concede a draw at this early stage, or take 
 very hazardous risks. 
 
 (2) This assuming of the risks referred to, in a great International contest, was plucky, at all 
 events. 
 
 (3) 9 KtxP, 10 PxP 10 Q-Kt5, is recommended by Dr Zukertort, among others, as a more simple 
 and safer line of play. Mr Steinitz says White should play 9 Q-Ksqch, followed by PxP. 
 
 (4) A losing move. Q-K2ch is best. 
 
 (5) If 14 Q-K4ch, Black's best reply is Q-K2. 
 
 (6) Continued, 21 RxKt 21 QxKt, 22 Q-R4 22 P-KR4, 23 R-KKt3 23 KR-Ksq, 24 RxB 24 Q-Q8ch, 
 25 K-R2 25 QxQR, 26 QxQ 26 PxQ, 27 K-Kt3 27 QR-Qsq, 28 BxP 28 R-K7, 29 P-Kt4 29 RxP, 30 R- 
 Ksq 30 R-Q6ch, 31 K-R4 31 P-Kt3, 32 R-K7 32 P-Kt6, 33 R-Ksq 33 R-Q5ch, 34 KxP 34 RxP, and 
 White resigned. 
 
 (7) Not so good, Mr Steinitz says, as Kt-B3. 
 
 (8) Mr Steinitz condemns this as very weak, and regards Kt-KB3 as the proper move, leading 
 to a strong attack ; but these suggestions have not been fully tested. 
 
 (9) Continued, 21 B-B4 21 P-Kt4 !, 22 BxQPch 22 K-Kt2, 23 RxB 23 KtxR, 24 Q-BSch 24 P-B3, 
 25 R-KBsq 25 Q-K5ch, 26 K-Ktsq 26 Q-K7, 27 R-B3 27 KR-Ksq !, 28 BxR 28 RxB, 29 B-B5 29 Q- 
 R7ch, 30 K-Bsq 30 R-K7, and White resigned. Mr Minchin says, in the Book of the Congress, 
 that the result of these two games, at his own Opening, severely handicapped Mr Steinitz. 
 Whether the Gambit be or be not, he continues, theoretically sound, the danger in endeavouring 
 to avoid the perpetual check on the eighth move was so great practically, that even Mr Steinitz, 
 who is so thoroughly acquainted with all its intricacies, did not again venture to adopt it, and it 
 will probably never again be played in important contests, or only by an inferior player, content 
 to accept the draw, which the second player can force. 
 
 (10) The Fyfe Gambit, which has not yet been carefully analysed. " The Glasgow Weekly 
 Herald " pronounces it worthy of attention. 
 
 (11) A hampering move to Black. 
 
 (12) Perhaps tho capture of the Kt would have been better. 
 
 (13) Continued, 21 P-KKt5 21 RPxP, 22 PxP 22 R-R2, 23 PxP 23 PxP, 24 B-Kt8 ! 24 R-R5, 25 R- 
 Kt7ch 25 K-Qsq, 26 QR-KKtsq 26 RxP, 27 B-K6, and Black resigned. 
 
 (14) Continued, 21 QxQ 21 PxQ, 22 BxPch 22 K-K2, 23 B-Q5 23 B-B3, 24 P-B4 ?, and to this weak 
 move White attributed the ultimate loss of the game. 
 
 (15) Though White's Pawns are in a ragged state, Black's game is almost wholly undeveloped. 
 
 (16) If White wins the P, Black can force an exchange of Queens. 
 
 (17) Continued, 21 RxBP 21 K-K2, 22 QR-Bsq (not good, but Black failed to see the winning 
 reply, Kt-B4) 22 B-Q2, 23 RxRP, and Black's oversight led to the loss of the game.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 57 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 STEINITZ GAMBIT. 
 123 
 
 London 1883 London 1883 Germantown, 
 Congress. Congress. Pa., 1883. 
 
 Steinitz Steinitz Steinitz 
 Englisch Tschigorin Shipley 
 
 P-K4 
 
 FYFE GAMBIT. 
 123 
 
 Glasgow, Glasgow, Glasgow, 
 1883. 1883. 1883. 
 
 Spens and Fyf e versus 
 Crum and Thomson each game. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Q-Ksqch 
 
 ' 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 KtxB 
 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-Q4 (10) 
 
 PxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 KtxP 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 K-K2 
 
 B-Kt5 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 (A) 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-B5 (11) 
 
 BxKtch 
 PxB 
 
 Q-K2ch 
 K-B2 
 
 B-KKt5ch 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-KKt5 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 Q-E5ch (1) 
 P-KKt3 (2) 
 
 Castles 
 PxKt 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-QE3 
 
 PxP 
 
 BxP (15) 
 
 PxPch 
 K-Kt2 
 
 B-QB4 
 PxPch 
 
 B-E4 (12) 
 P-QKt4 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 B-Q3 (3) 
 PxKt (4) 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 Kt-QKt5 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 Kt-Kt3 (16) 
 BxP 
 
 PxEP 
 Q-B3 
 
 QKt-K2 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 K-Q3 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 KtxKt(Q4) 
 
 Q-E5 
 QxQ 
 
 PxKt(Q)ch 
 KxQ 
 
 QxQP 
 E-R4 (7) 
 
 B-B4ch 
 K-B3 
 
 BxKt 
 P-B3 
 
 KtxKtch 
 QxKt 
 
 KtxQ 
 B-Q6! 
 
 QxPch 
 B-K3 
 
 Q-B3 
 Kt-K4 
 
 Kt-K5ch 
 K-Kt3 
 
 B-B7ch ! 
 K-K2 
 
 EPxKt 
 B-QB4 
 
 K-Qsq 
 B-QB4 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-K2 (5) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-Q3 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 KtxKt! 
 BxQ 
 
 B-Q2 
 CastlesKE 
 
 E-Ksq 
 CastlesKE 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 B-KB4 
 KtxBch (8) 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 B-Q3 
 
 KtxPch 
 KxB 
 
 P-B3 
 KE-Qsq 
 
 P-B3 
 B-KB7 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-K4 
 
 PxKt 
 B-QKt5ch 
 
 BxP 
 KKtxB 
 
 KtxQch 
 ExKt 
 
 P-Kt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 ExP 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 P-B4 
 
 K-Bsq ! 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-B4ch 
 K-B4 
 
 KxB 
 B-B4 
 
 Q-Kt3ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 Kt-B4 ! 
 B-KB4 
 
 B-KKt5 
 Q-KB2 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 ExQ 
 ExE 
 
 P-KB3 
 P-Kt4 
 
 P-B4 
 BxKt 
 
 E-K3 
 P-Kt4 
 
 CastlesKE 
 B-Ksq 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 K-K2 
 P-KB4 
 
 PxB 
 Q-K3 
 
 Kt-E5 
 BxE 
 
 Kt-B4 
 KtxB 
 
 Kt-B4 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-QE3 
 P-QE4 
 
 P-KE3 
 
 KE-Ktsq 
 
 E-E3 
 PxP 
 
 PxB 
 B-E6? 
 
 KtxB (6) 
 
 QxKt (9) 
 
 PxKtch+ 
 
 B-Q2 (13) 
 
 QxP (14) 
 
 PxB (17) 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 58 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE ENGLISH OPENING. 
 
 THE " Synopsis " gives a few illustrative extracts from games at this Opening, 
 remarking of it only that it is calculated to bring about positions in which 
 each side is soon thrown upon its own resources. 
 
 No doubt this is a correct opinion, and the fact is the main reason why the 
 English Opening has been so frequently played of late in tournaments and matches. 
 We find quite a number of examples of it in the Vienna Congress of 1882, and the 
 London Congress of 1883. It was played in the telegraphic match between 
 Liverpool and Calcutta, 1881, and was the Opening chosen by Vienna in one of 
 the pending games with Paris. There is evidently a growing faith in its merits 
 as a solid and cautious Opening, a faith that has had a quiet development, but 
 that is striking, after a review of recent important contests. 
 
 The " Chess Player's Chronicle " says the Opening is safe, sound, and satis- 
 factory, and is frequently resorted to where a stern and determined struggle is 
 expected. Mr Bird said, in 1883, that it is equal to any Opening on the board. 
 
 M. Bosenthal has proposed to meet White's 1 P-QB4 with 1 P-K4, in order 
 to bring about an open game ; but Mr Steinitz's judgment is adverse to the 
 experiment.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 l 
 
 Telegraph 
 Match, 1881. 
 
 Liverpool 
 Calcutta 
 
 P-QB4 
 
 2 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Mackenzie 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 ENGLISH OPENING. 
 3 4 
 
 London 1883 London 1883 
 Congress. Congress. 
 
 Mason Zukertort 
 Zukertort Blackburne 
 
 5 
 
 Telegraph 
 Match, 1884. 
 
 Vienna 
 Paris 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 6 
 
 Vienna Club 
 Tourney 1882 
 
 Hruby 
 Schwarz 
 
 P-K3 (1) 
 P-K3 
 
 P-K4 (13) 
 P-K3 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 
 P-Q4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-Q4 (2) 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxBP 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-QKt3 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 P-Q5 (3) 
 B-Kt2 
 
 BxP 
 PxP 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-K2 
 P-K3 
 
 KtxP 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-QKt4 (4) 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Castles 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-Q4 
 
 Castles 
 B-K2 
 
 P-KB3 (14) 
 B-B4 
 
 QPxP (5) 
 BPxP 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 PxP 
 
 B-Q3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtxKt (15) 
 KtPxKt 
 
 KtxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-K5 
 
 Castles 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-QE3 
 
 Castles 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 PxP 
 BPxP 
 
 Kt-E3 (6) 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-Kt3 
 P-QE3 
 
 P-B4 
 B-Q2 
 
 Q-K2 
 Kt-QKt5 
 
 P-B4 
 B-Q3 
 
 Q-K2 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-K5 
 KtxB 
 
 Kt-K5 
 BPxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Q2 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 B-KB4 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 BxKt 
 E-Bsq 
 
 PxKt 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 CastlesKE 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Et-K5 
 B-Kt2 
 
 P-B5 
 
 B-Ktsq 
 
 QKt-B3 
 P-B3 
 
 BxP 
 P-K4 
 
 Kt-B2 
 P-K4! 
 
 Kt-B2 
 B-B2 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 KKt-Q4 (8) 
 
 P-QKt4 
 Kt-K2 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 B-Kt2 
 E-Ksq 
 
 P-B3 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 B-E4 
 
 B-Q2 
 E-Bsq 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 PxP (16) 
 PxP 
 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K5 + (7) 
 
 E-Bsq 
 ExE 
 
 P-QE4 
 E-Ksq 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-B4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 B-QB4 
 P-K6 
 
 
 BxE 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-E5 
 Kt-B5 
 
 KE-Bsq 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 Game in 
 progress. 
 
 Kt-Q3 
 B-KKt5 
 
 Q-K2 
 E-Bsq 
 
 P-E6 
 P-K4 
 
 E-B2 
 P-K4 
 
 Q-QB2 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 P-B4 (9) 
 Kt-B5 
 
 EPxP 
 E-B2 
 
 QE-QBsq 
 P-K5 
 
 P-KE3 
 B-E4 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB+ 
 
 B-E5 (10) 
 P-K5 
 
 Kt-Ksq 
 P-B4 
 
 P-KKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 
 Kt-Ksq(ll) 
 
 P-Kt3 (12) 
 
 Q-K2 (17) 
 
 For Notes see page 61.
 
 fiO 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 ENGLISH OPENING. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Skip-worth 
 Steinitz 
 
 P-QB4 
 
 8 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Skipworth 
 Winawer 
 
 9 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Hruby 
 Mason 
 
 10 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 Mortimer 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 u 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 Tschigorin 
 
 12 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 
 Sellinan 
 
 P-K4 V 18) 
 P-K3 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-K3 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-K3 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-QB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-K2 (19) 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-K3 
 P-Q4 (22) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-K2 
 P-Q3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q3 
 
 B-K2 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-K3 
 P-QE3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-K2 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-E3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 PxQP 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-B4 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-B3 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 B-Kt2 
 
 KKtxP(29) 
 B-Kt5 
 
 QKt-B3 
 P-K4 
 
 QKt-K2 
 Q-B2 
 
 Castles 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Q-K2 (25) 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 PxBP 
 PxP 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-E3 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-B5 
 
 BxQKt 
 PxB 
 
 B-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kc-Q5 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-K4 
 
 K-Esq 
 P-QKt4 
 
 B-K2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-K5 (27) 
 
 B-K2 
 B-Q2 
 
 P-KE3 
 Q-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 P-KE4 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 E-E2 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-Kt3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-B4 
 
 Castles 
 Q-K2 
 
 K-E2 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 P-KE3 
 CastlesQE 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-Kt5 
 
 P-K4! 
 PxP 
 
 P-B4 
 PxQP 
 
 Q-B2 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt(K2)-B3 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 Q-B2 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 P-K4 (23) 
 
 KtxP 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 KtxP 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 P-QE3 (30) 
 KE-Bsq 
 
 Kt-K3 
 B-Q3 
 
 B-K3 
 QE-Bsq 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 QxKt 
 B-Kt2 
 
 KtxKt 
 BPxKt 
 
 KE-Bsq 
 Kt-Ksq 
 
 Kt(B3)-Q5 
 KtxKt (20) 
 
 P-Q4 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 P-K4 
 P-Q5 
 
 Q-B2 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-QB5 
 Q-B2 (28) 
 
 P-QKt4 
 P-KB4 
 
 PxKt 
 B-B4 
 
 QPxKP 
 PxP 
 
 B-B4ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Q-Q2 
 B-Q2 
 
 P-Kt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-QB3 
 Kt-Kt4 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-KE2 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-E4 
 
 E-Bsq 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 KE-Qsq 
 P-K4 
 
 P-B5 
 B-K4 
 
 KtxB 
 QxKt 
 
 P-KE4 
 Kt-Qsq 
 
 B-Bsq 
 KtxB 
 
 Kt-K5 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Q-Qsq 
 
 P-B4? 
 B-B2 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 P-QE3 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-Kt5 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-Kt4 
 K-B2 
 
 PxP 
 B-Kt5 
 
 B-E6 
 KE-Ktsq 
 
 P-QE4 
 Kt-B2 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 Q-B2? (21) 
 
 KtPxKt 
 QE-KB2 
 
 B-Q2 
 P-KE4? 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 BxE+ 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 Kt-K5 
 
 QxP+ 
 
 KtxQ+ 
 
 Kt-Q2 (24) 
 
 Kt-K5ch!26 
 
 
 B-Ksq (31) 
 
 For Notes see page 61.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 61 
 
 NOTES, to pages 59 and 60. 
 
 (1) "The Chess Player's Chronicle " says this is conceded to be the best reply, though many 
 excellent players adopt P-KB4. 
 
 (2) Though the " Chronicle " urges nothing specific against this, it prefers one of the following 
 moves : Kt-KB3, Kt-QB3, B-K2. 
 
 (3) A dangerous advance. One of the Knights should have been played. 
 
 (4) Well played. Liverpool gets more than an equivalent in position. 
 
 (5) 111 judged. The opening of the B file must greatly increase White's facilities for attack. 
 KtxP was a better move. 
 
 (6) The " Chronicle " says this Kt should have gone to B3, and eventually to KKt3, if possible, 
 but it seems the Calcutta players failed to consider Castling as a means of escape from their 
 embarrasment, and that they supposed the extra P would compensate them for any inferiority 
 in other respects. 
 
 (7) Calcutta did well to resign. If the Kt be taken immediately, White checks with Q, and 
 captures the KP. Black might have delayed the result by 16 P-QKt4, but White had a winning 
 position several moves back. 
 
 (3) The beginning of a vigorous attack. 
 
 (9) This move weakens the QP. 
 
 (10) Forced, to save a Piece. 
 
 (11) The game ran up to 73 moves, and was won by Black, though White missed a draw, and 
 possibly a win. 
 
 (12) The remaining moves of this game, which is undoubtedly the most brilliant played at the 
 Congress, were : 21 R-K3 ! 21 P-B4, 22 PxP en pass 22 KtxP, 23 P-B5 ! 23 Kt-K5, 24 BxKt 24 PxB, 
 25 PxKtP 25 R-B7, 26 PxPch 20 K-Rsq, 27 P-Q5ch 27 P-K4, 28 Q-Kt4 ! 28 E(Bsq)-B4, 20 R-B8ch 
 29 KxP, 30 QxPch 30 K-Kt2, 31 BxPch 31 KxR, 32 B-Kt7ch 32 K-Ktsq, 33 QxQ, and Black resigned. 
 
 (13) This idea of M Rosenthal's looking to an open game has received as yet no encouragement 
 from other analysts. 
 
 (14) This move makes Black's game inferior. Mr Steinitz says KtxKt, followed by B-Q3, was 
 the only plausible continuation. Blevck could not advance the KP, after KtxKt, on account of 
 the ultimate rejoinder, Q-QR4ch. 
 
 (15) A move that aids White to form his centre. Kt-Kt3, attacking the B, was better. 
 
 (16) If B-B2, White replies 15 B-Kt4, with fatal effect. 
 
 (17) Continued, 21 Q-Q3 ! 21 P-Kt4, 22 Q-Kt6ch 22 K-Qsq, 23 RxKtch ! 23 BxR, 24 R-Qsq, and 
 Black resigned. 
 
 (18) In notes to this game, Mr Steinitz says this reply is not much favored by book authorities 
 or first-class practitioners. He adopted it here in order to continue it with an experiment on the 
 next move. 
 
 (19) Mr Steinitz prefers Kt-B3. 
 
 -(20) This loses a P ; but, in any event, Mr Steinitz considers that Black has a slight superiority 
 of position. 
 
 (21) A blunder due to ill health. 
 
 (22) A position identical with one in the Hollandish Opening. 
 
 (23) Mr Sellman says White's conduct of the Opening is much to be admired. 
 
 (24) Continued, 21 Q-R5 ! 21 Kt-Kt2? (P-Kt3 was the only hope of prolonging the game), and 
 White won. 
 
 (25) The Q has no effect on this square. Castles, followed by P-QKt4 and B-Kt2, is better. 
 
 (26) Mr Mortimer had the game in his hands at the 38th move, but through errors, lost it on 
 the 62nd move. 
 
 (27) White has opened with skill. 
 
 (28) If QxP, Black's reply is R-Bsq. 
 
 (29) Mr Mason says it is the usage of late for Black to take the P with Kt, in order to avoid 
 the isolation of his QP. 
 
 (30) Preparatory to advancing the KtP. Black's position on the Q side is stronger than that 
 of his opponent. 
 
 (31) 21 P-K4. Mr Mason says, in a note to this move, that whether Black capture the P or 
 not, it is clear that White's game has improved, owing to Black's 17th move. Black resigned the 
 game on the 40th move.
 
 AMEKICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 CENTRE GAMBIT. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Correspond. 
 Match, 1884. 
 
 Glasgow 
 Edinburgh 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 3 
 
 Consultation 
 Game. 
 
 Berlin 1881 
 Congress. 
 
 Kt-QB3 (11) 
 
 4 
 
 Nash Corresp 
 Tourney 1884 
 
 Budden 
 Blake 
 
 5 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Winawer 
 Tschigorin 
 
 6 
 
 Paris, 
 1883. 
 
 Boistertre 
 De Riviere 
 
 P-QB3 
 
 P-K4 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Q-K3 
 
 Q-B3 (20) 
 Q-K3 
 
 PxP (22) 
 B-QB4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-Ko 
 
 P-KKt3 
 B-Q2 
 
 B-Kt5ch 
 P-QB3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-B7 (23) 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Q-K4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-Q5 (12) 
 
 B-E4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-QB3(24) 
 Q-Kt3 (25) 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-K2 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-B4 
 Q-Kt3 
 
 Q-B3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 P-B4 
 
 KKt-K2 
 Castles 
 
 KKt-K2 
 B-Q2 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-KB4 
 
 B-B4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kto 
 B-Q2 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles (13) 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-K3 
 B-K3 
 
 KKt-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 Q-Q2 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 KKt-K2 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 BxB 
 
 QxB 
 
 Castles 
 B-KKt5 
 
 P-B4 (1) 
 Q-B4ch 
 
 CastlesQE 
 B-B3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-B3 
 
 B-Q2 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Kt-B5 
 B-Bsq 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-Q3 
 
 K-Rsq 
 P-KE4 (2) 
 
 BxB 
 QxB 
 
 Kt-B4 
 Q-Q3 (14) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 P-B5 
 
 Castles 
 P-KKt3 
 
 P-Q3 
 
 BxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 QxB (3) 
 
 Kt-QKtl (9) 
 Q-E3 
 
 Q-E5 
 P-KKt3 
 
 QxQ 
 PxQ 
 
 Kt(B5)-Kt3 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtxB 
 Kt-Q5 (26) 
 
 KKt-K2 
 B-B4 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 Q-E5 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 Kt-E4 (17) 
 Kt-Kt5 (18) 
 
 P-QE3 
 P-B4 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 P-QB3 
 Kt-E3 
 
 Q-B4 
 P-KKt3 
 
 P-B4 
 P-E4 
 
 P-KB3 
 KtxEP ! 
 
 P-Kt4 
 P-KE4 
 
 P-QB3 
 Q-Kt8 
 
 Q-Ksq (4) 
 B-Kt3 (5) 
 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-Q4 ! 
 
 P-B5 
 Q-Q2 
 
 K-B2 (19) 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-Kt5 
 QKt-K2 
 
 B-KKI; 
 
 Kt-Ksq 
 
 Kt-KKtsq 
 P-Kt4 (6) 
 
 Q-Q2 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 B-E3 
 Kt-B4 
 
 BxKt 
 P-KKt4 ! 
 
 Q-K3 
 P-E5 
 
 P-Kt4 
 K-Esq 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-QB3 
 KtxEPch 
 
 P-QKt4 
 P-KKt4 (15) 
 
 P-KKt4 
 BxP+ 
 
 Kt-Esq 
 P-E6 
 
 J3-K3 
 Q-B2 
 
 Kt-E3 
 P-E5 
 
 K-B2 
 ExKt! 
 
 P-Kt5 (16) 
 BxKtP 
 
 
 Kt-B4 
 Q-B5 
 
 P-B4 
 P-K5 
 
 E-B4 (7; 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 PxE 
 B-Kt5 
 
 BxKt 
 QxB 
 
 KtxEP 
 QxKtP 
 
 B-Q4 
 P-KB4 
 
 QxEP (8) 
 
 Q-K3 (10) 
 
 QxB+ 
 
 P-E4 (21) 
 
 QE-Qsq + 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 63 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) This opens up Black's position to attack, but it is doubtful if he has a better move. 
 
 (2) The P obviously cannot be taken. 
 
 (3) It was necessary to take the B with the Q, because 13 BxB 13 P-Kt4, followed by KtxBP, 
 gives Black as good a game as White, if not better. 
 
 (4) At this stage QKtP or QEP might have been advanced. 
 
 (5) It is necessary to keep the B on this diagonal. 
 
 (6) The winning move. It is dangerous to take or leave the Pawn. 
 
 (7) White threatens Q-Q3. 
 
 (8) Not a good move. Black evidently did not notice the smothered mate variation if E was 
 retired to Esq. The remaining moves of this game, which was brilliantly played by White, were : 
 21 E-Esq 21 Q-Kt3, 22 ExKt 22 PxE, 23 P-K6ch 23 E-B3, 24 Kt-B7ch, and Black resigned. If 
 24 K-Kt2, 25 P-B5 and wins. If 24 K-Ktsq, 25 P-K7 and wins. 
 
 (9) As White threatens Kt-B6. 
 
 (10) Continued, 21 Q-B3ch 21 K-Kt3, 22 R-Ksq 22 KxKt, 23 ExQ + . 
 
 (11) White was played by L Paulsen, Eiemann, and Schallop, and Black by Blackburne, 
 
 Minckwitz, and Schwarz. 
 
 (12) The Kt cannot be dislodged here. 
 
 (13) BxP would be bad, for then follows 9 P-QB3 9 BxE, 10 Kt-B6ch, &c. 
 
 (14) B3 would probably be a better post for the Q. 
 
 (15) A losing move. P-QKt3 should have been played. 
 
 (16) This loses a P, but leads to a fine attack. 
 
 (17) P-B3 is the move. 
 
 (18) Threatening KtxKt, followed by B-B4. 
 
 (19) A mistaken attempt to win a Piece. The proper move was Castles. 
 
 (20) An unusual move, proposed by Mr Paulsen. 
 
 (21) Continued, 21 Q-Q4 21 E-Ktsq (White wins speedily if Black captures EP, by 22 Kt- 
 QB3, &c.), 22 Kt-QB3 22 E-Kt5, 23 Q-B5 23 B-Kt2, 24 Kt-B3 24 R-Ktsq, 25 P-B3 25 ExKtP, 26 KxE 
 26 BxKPcb, 27 B-Kt5 27 BxKt, 28 QxP 28 E-KBsq, 29 KE-Ksq 29 Q-Kt5, 30 ExP 30 QxKtP, 31 E- 
 Q8 31 P-Kt3 ?, 32 ExEch 32 KxE, 33 E-K8ch, and Black resigned. 
 
 (22) M Eosenthal says he prefers this to Q-K2 or P-Q4, which only equalise the game. 
 
 (23) The same authority recommends this move, as it preserves Black's advantag'e of a P. 
 
 (24) The correct move is B-Kt5ch. 
 
 (25) Kt-KB3 is better. 
 
 (26) Weak. He should have played Kt-QKto, followed by P-K5, to break Black's centre 
 Pawns.
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 CENTRE COUNTER GAMBIT. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 Schwarz 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 New Orleans, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 McConnell 
 
 345 
 
 New Orleans, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Maurian 
 
 6 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 QxP 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Q-K4ch (1) 
 B-K2 
 
 Q-Qsq 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-QB4 
 P-Q4 (7) P-Q4 
 
 Q-Q3 (10) 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-QB3 (2) 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 B-B4 (4) 
 
 P-K3 P-KKt3 P-QB3 
 P-Q4 B-K3 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-K4ch 
 B-K2 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-K3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-KB3 B-Kt2 B-B4 
 B-Q3 Q-Q2 (8) 
 
 (9) Kt-QB3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-B4? 
 P-Q5 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-B3 
 P-Q4 
 
 "B-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-KB3 
 Q-K2 
 
 Castles 
 Kt-K2 
 
 P-B3 
 
 P-K3 
 PxKP 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-Qsq 
 
 P-QKt3 
 P-B3 
 
 BxP 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 B-KB4 
 Kt-K3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Q-B2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxB 
 
 B-K5 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-Kt3 (6) 
 B-R6 
 
 PxKt 
 B-QB4 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 KtxB 
 
 E-Ksq 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-K4 
 P-B4 
 
 KtxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 QB-Qsq 
 
 B-Q3 
 E-Ksq 
 
 KKt-B3 
 P-QB4 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-K3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 PxP 
 
 P-B4? 
 Kt-B5 
 
 B-Q3 
 Kt-K4 
 
 BxP 
 P-KKt3 
 
 B-Bsq 
 P-Q5 
 
 B-K2 
 P-KB3 
 
 CastlesQB 
 Q-B3 
 
 P-KKt3 
 PxP 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 QB-Ksq 
 B-K3 
 
 PxKt! 
 PxKtch 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxKt 
 
 KB-Bsq 
 QB-Qsq 
 
 KxP 
 BxPch 
 
 KBxKt 
 P-K4 
 
 P-KK4 
 B-B4 
 
 K-B3 
 Q-B3ch 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-K5 
 
 BxB (3) 
 
 K-B2 (5) 
 
 B-Kt4 
 Drawn game. 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 65 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) Inferior to Q-R4. 
 
 (2) B-Kt5 is the usual play. 
 
 (3) White should have scored this game, but Black managed to creep out of his difficulties, 
 and won on the 52nd move. 
 
 (4) An unorthodox move. 
 
 (5) Continued, 21 B-B4ch 21 B-Q3, 22 QR-Qsq 22 Kt-Ksq, 23 R-Q5 23 P-Kt3, 24 KR-Qsq, and 
 Black resigned. 
 
 (6) BxKt would have been imprudent. 
 
 (7) The analysis in this and succeeding columns are from " Land and Water," which says of the 
 Centre Counter Gambit : " This Defence stands condemned by analysts, and tabooed by players. 
 We must admit that there is something suspicious about it, but at any rate it is a fighting defence, 
 and one far removed from drawish tendencies. When Mr W N Potter had to play his nineteenth 
 game against Mr Mason in their match, the former could not afford any draws, for the score then 
 stood : Mason 5, Potter 3, draws 10. By reason of draws above the number of eight counting as 
 half to each player, the score was really 6 to 4, and two more draws would have given Mr Mason 
 the match. Mr Potter chose then to rely upon a Centre Counter, and with good effect ; so much 
 so, indeed, that when the twenty-first game was played, Mr Mason chose a Van't Kruys, with the 
 expressed object of avoiding another Centre Counter Gambit. This instance shows that the 
 Defence is at least playable between strong players ; and, perhaps, were it oftener adopted, its 
 claims as a regular Opening might become recognised." 
 
 (8) " White has the advantage, but if Black had played 4 P-QB3, 5 Kt-B3, G B-B4 6 B-K2, or 
 6 B-QB4 G P-K3, we should doubt if White's superiority, though not to be denied, is at all 
 striking." 
 
 (9) " Or P-KKt3, with an almost even game. Instead of 4 P-QB3, Black may, like Anderssen 
 against Morphy, play 4 P-K4, whereupon 5 PxP 5 QxPch, 6 B-K2 G B-QKt5, and although we 
 cannot allow that Black is quite all right, yet we will not put ourselves so far in contradiction 
 with those who take that view, as to deny that there is plenty of fighting in his game. However, 
 after 3 Q-QR4, Zukertort recommends 4 Kt-KB3, which he considers prevents 4 P-K4, for then 
 5 B-Kt5ch 5 P-B3, 6 B-B4. Here the given reply for Black is B-KB4, but we would rather rely 
 upon B-K2, though we do not pretend that we relish, in either case, the effects of 4 P-K4. The 
 question arises whether the two replies, 3 Q-Qsq and 3 Q-QR4, comprise all that Black can 
 attempt. This we are far from thinking. Mr Mason, not long since, played 3 Q-K4ch, and we 
 do not know that any very dreadful disaster came, in consequence, upon Black's game. 3 Q-Q2 
 looks about as bad a move as could be made, but anyone trying to demonstrate it, might not find 
 tbe proof very easy. Suppose White play 4 Kt-B3, and Black, regardless of consequences, respond 
 with P-KKt3, what would come of it ? Nothing, save that White would have rather the better 
 game, which is an old story, and one that could just as well be told of many variations of other 
 Openings, even though analysts callously say, at the end, ' even game.' If the analysts were 
 asked to accept such equality as the basis of a real game, with a good round stake upon it, we 
 should probably find a display of practical modesty such as would be very edifying in its way." 
 
 (10) " We consider 3 Q-QR4 to be the best of the continuations, but we rather fancy that there 
 is another quite as good, viz., 3 Q-Q3, which directly intends the move striven against by analysts 
 and players, namely, P-K4. Now, how can White prevent that advance ? 4 P-Q4 is no hind- 
 rance, while 4 Kt-K4 is obviously futile, even if Black answer with no other move than Q-K4, 
 though various other good answers are open to him. As to 4 Kt-Kt5, that continuation will assist 
 Black's development, even if he should now take his Queen straight back to her own square, 
 though he might play instead Q-K4ch (see Col G). Altogether, we consider that the Centre 
 Counter Gambit deserves much more consideration than it has hitherto received. "
 
 66 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE SICILIAN DEFENCE. 
 
 rpHE frequent employment of this Defence in former years, was due to Mr Staunton's opinion 
 I that it was the best Opening the second player could adopt. This estimate has not been 
 sustained. In fact the Sicilian has now scarcely the standing of a first-class Defence. The 
 result of the Sicilian games at the London Congress was against the Opening. Mr Potter, who 
 has thoroughly tested the Sicilian in important contests, said of it (in " Land and Water ") in 1884 : 
 
 " The sympathy we feel towards defendants secures for this Opening our best wishes ; but we 
 cannot allow our judgment to be swayed by desire, and there is that about the Sicilian which 
 causes us to have the strongest doubts concerning its soundness as a Defence. 1 P-K4 1 P-QB4, 
 2 Kt-QB3 2 Kt-QB3, 3 Kt-B3 3 P-K3, 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 KtxP. Surveying the board at this, the 
 critical phase of the Opening, there can be no question but that Black's game looks highly 
 unpromising. Both 5 Kt-B3 and 5 B-Kt5 have been found unsatisfactory, and the same as to 
 any other move of a developing kind, so that, after the rise and fall of many hopes, the tendency 
 is to return to the old love, viz., 5 P-QR3, but White now plays 6 B-K2, after which let us again 
 look at the board. White has three Pieces in the field, and is able to Castle, while his QB is 
 almost in as good play as if already on the field, and he has a clear Queen's file. In other words, 
 White's game is in a highly developed condition, and for this advantage he has neither given up 
 a Gambit Pawn, nor made any other kind of payment. On Black's side, we see but one Piece in 
 the field, and none of the other Pieces can be speedily developed in any useful fashion. The 
 QB is dreadfully blocked up, and the QP dangerously weak. We are also constrained to look 
 curiously upon one special feature namely, that in the three lines of Black's position there is 
 but one white square unoccupied, viz., KKt3, as against eight black squares similarly unoccupied. 
 Those occupied white squares imply a very confined, locked/-up position ; whilst, as to the black 
 squares, the mere fact of K2, QB2, and QR2 being unoccupied at this early stage, indicates that 
 there must be various weak spots. These two defects ought certainly not to exist in the same 
 Opening ; but if Black had the means of now speedily developing, there might be no great 
 objection. But can he so develop? Let us repeat the moves: 5 KtxP 5 P-QR3, 6 B-K2. Black 
 is usually made to reply with 6 Kt-B3, which continuation, if maintained by play of a worrying 
 nicety, may end in preserving Black from a ruinous inferiority. Whether so or not is, to our 
 mind immaterial ; for we would not play the Sicilian upon such terms. And, moreover, we think 
 that Black has a better line, viz., 6 Q-B2, which enables him to attempt operations of a freeing 
 nature. There are also some grounds for supposing that this line may be adopted a move earlier, 
 even though the results seem too eccentric to be favorable e.g., 5 KtxF 5 Q-B2, 6 KKt-Kt5 6 Q- 
 Ktsq, 7 B-K2 7 P-QR3, and we should imagine Black's game to be as good as in the normal 
 grooves of the Sicilian. However, the QP always remains a source of anxiety, and we cannot 
 have doubts respecting the future of this Defence." 
 
 In a subsequent issue of " Land and Water" Mr A Marriott writes : 
 
 " Will you allow me to supplement your very interesting article on the Sicilian Defence, by 
 a variation which will, I think, confirm your opinion of its unsoundness, in regard to the con- 
 tinuation 6 Kt-B3. In a correspondence game played about a year ago, in which I played the 
 attack, the following variation occurred : 1 P-K4 1 P-QB4, 2 Kt-QB3 2 Kt-QB3, 3 Kt-B3 3 P-K3, 
 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 KtxP 5 P-QR3, 6 B-K2 6 Kt-B3, 7 KtxKt 7 KtPxKt, 8 P-K5 8 Kt-Q4, 9 Kt-K4 
 9 P-KB4. This seems the usual move at this juncture, and it is difficult to find anything more 
 satisfactory, in view of White's threatened 10 P-QB4. I note from " Westminster Papers," in a 
 game Zukertort v Anderssen, White replied to 9 P-KB4 with 10 B-R5ch 10 P-Kt3, 11 B-Kt5, and 
 the game was eventually drawn. The continuation adopted by myself seems to firmly establish 
 White's superiority : 10 PxP en pass 10 KtxP, 11 B-KKt5 11 Q-R4ch (if 11 B-K2, 12 BxKt 12 BxB, 
 
 13 Kt-Q6ch 13 K-K2, 14 Q-Q2 14 Q-B2, 15 R-Qsq), 12 B-Q2 12 Q-K4, 13 KtxKtch 13 QxKt, 14 B-QB3 
 
 14 P-K4, 15 B-Q3 15 B-Q3 (I cannot see a better move), 16 Castles, with a winning advantage. 
 The move apopted by Mr Bird, 3 P-KKt3, appears to me to be the most favorable form of this 
 hazardous Defence." 
 
 To this " Land and Water " replied : 
 
 " Your case stands established, we think. As to the combination of the Sicilian with the 
 King's Fianchetto, to which you refer, it was adopted by Mr W N Potter in various games played 
 by him in 1870-71, and it was about the same time he introduced his combination of the Centre 
 Counter Gambit with the King's Fianchetto. As to the Sicilian, we do not think that Mr Bird 
 adopted the King's Fianchetto in combination therewith until quite lately, while as to grafting 
 the King's Fianchetto on the Centre Counter, it was, if we remember aright, adopted by Mr 
 Blackburne in 1873 ; but we feel sure that he would unhesitatingly acknowledge that the com- 
 bination in question had been introduced beforehand by Mr Potter. We may add that to each 
 defence there is the same weakness, arising from the opponent playing B-K3, followed by Q-Q2, 
 a line of attack established by Mr Blackburne, some time ago."
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 THE SICILIAN DEFENCE. 
 
 67 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Blackburne 
 Mackenzie 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Englisch 
 Tschigorin 
 
 B-K2 (4) 
 
 3 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Blackburne 
 Mortimer 
 
 4 
 
 Berlin 1881 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Schallopp 
 
 5 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Blackburne 
 Bird 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 6 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 Paulson 
 
 P-QB4 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-Q4 (13) 
 
 P-K3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 
 KtxP 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 KKt-K2 (5) 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-K2 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 P-QE3 (9) 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KKt-Kt5 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-K2 
 
 KtPxKt 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-Kt3 (6) 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt5 
 Kt-Q6ch 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-Kt3 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 KtxKt 
 
 B-K2 
 B-K3 
 
 B-K2 (10) 
 KtxKt 
 
 K-K2 (A) 
 B-KB4 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 B-KKt2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 KtPxKt 
 P-K5 
 
 Castles 
 P-B4 
 
 KtPxKt 
 P-K5 
 
 P-K4 
 Kt-B5ch 
 
 KtxP 
 QKtxKt 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 B-B4? (7) 
 K-Esq 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Kt-K4 
 
 K-Bsq 
 B-Q2 
 
 PxKt 
 B-B3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Q-Q4 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 P-KB4 
 Kt-Q6ch(H 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 B-K2 
 E-Ksq 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 B-E3 
 
 P-B4 
 B-B5 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 B-K3 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 BxP! 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 K-Ksq 
 QE-Ktl (1) 
 
 E-B2 
 P-K5 
 
 Castles 
 P-QB4 
 
 P-KE4! 
 
 Castles 
 
 QxB 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 Q-B2 
 B-K5 
 
 P-KB4 
 R-Kt3! 
 
 P-Kt3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Kt-KKt5 
 P-KE3 
 
 QxKt 
 ExB 
 
 Q-E4 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-QB4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-B5 
 
 Q-E5 
 PxKt (B) 
 
 B-K3 
 B-B4 
 
 QxQ 
 KExQ 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-R5 
 
 E-Ktsq 
 Kt-Q6 
 
 P-QE4 
 E-Ksq 
 
 PxP 
 
 E-Ksq 
 
 KE-Qsq 
 Q-K2 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 P-Kt3 
 R-Kt3 
 
 E-KBsq 
 KtxB 
 
 B-E3 
 B-B3 
 
 Kt-Q5+ 
 
 B-Q4 (12) 
 E-B7 
 
 P-QE3 
 P-QKt4 
 
 K-B2 
 Q-B4 
 
 ExKt 
 B-B3 
 
 Q-Ktsq 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-K5 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 BxB 
 
 E-Bsq (2) 
 P-QB3 
 
 Q-K2 
 P-KKt3 (8) 
 
 Q-Kt5 
 E-QBsq 
 
 Q-QKt3 
 P-B4 
 
 KxB 
 P-KB4 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 Q-Kt5 
 
 E-QB2 
 Q-Q2+ 
 
 Q-KE5 
 Q-Q2+ 
 
 B-B3 
 Q-KB5+ 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-Kt5 
 
 PxB (3) 
 
 
 
 
 P-E5 (14) 
 
 For Notes see page 68.
 
 68 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to page 67. 
 
 (1) Mr Scllman commends White's Opening highly. 
 
 (2) He dare not take the B, on account of Q-R6. 
 
 (3) Continued, 21 PxKt 21 K-Ksq, 22 P-Kt5 22 Q-B2, 23 Q-K6 (threatening to win the Q) 23 K-Q&q, 
 24 R-Kt7 24 Q-Ksq, 25 PxP 25 K-B2 (if PxP White mates in two), 26 Q-Q2 2G K-Qsq, 27 P-B7ch 
 '27 KxP, 28 Q-Q6ch, and Black resigned. 
 
 (4) Mr Wayte says Dr Zukertort discovered that this is the right square for the B ; but the move 
 is generally deferred until after 4 P-Q4 4 PxP, 5 KtxP. 
 
 (5) Kt-Q5 may be played here. 
 
 (6) Mr Wayte much prefers 6 P-KKt3, and 7 B-Kt2. Black would then have a good prospect of 
 throwing forward P to Q4, and clearing his game. 
 
 (7) A lost move. P-Q3 should have been played. 
 
 (8) Confining the movements of the hostile Q. White keeps steadily in view the weak point 
 at Q2. 
 
 (9) Formerly considered necessary, to prevent White from playing Kt-QKt5. It is, however, 
 Mr Bird says, too slow for modern tactics, and experience has shown it to be no longer essential. 
 
 (10) P-Q4 should have been played here. 
 
 (11) Mr Bird says as a rule the effect of this check and establishment of either P or Kt at QG is 
 very advantageous. It is so in the present instance. 
 
 (A) A line of defence invented by Chicago players. 
 
 (B) A slip. QKt-K2 would have given a safe game. 
 
 (12) The best resource was QR-B1. 
 
 (13) The old style of attack. It is usual now to develop both Knights before this advance. 
 
 (14) This was a stubbornly contested game of 67 moves. White won.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 THE KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. 
 
 BY MR W N POTTER, in London " Land and Water." 
 
 THIS Opening is not in favor. Players of all strengths join in tabooing it. The 242 games of 
 the London Tourney supply but one example of it. This fact, which speaks clearly enough 
 as to the disesteem in which the Opening is held by first-rates, will probably be considered equally 
 conclusive as to its merits. No deduction would be more erroneous. An interesting chapter 
 could be written on the darkness of experts, and it could be studded with proofs from every great 
 Tournament. These contests are, in fact, rubbish holes, into which moves and variations once 
 thought to be correct are swept like so many dead leaves. As to the KB Opening, we are con- 
 vinced that the majority of first-class players are profoundly ignorant of its real principles, and 
 we will say the same of analysts. The cause of the mingled dislike and contempt with which it 
 is regarded, may be found in the fact that it has been clothed with variations utterly alien from 
 its real spirit. In our opinion, the KB Opening, far from being weak and inferior, is strong and 
 reliable. We also consider that, properly handled, it yields just that enduring attack in which it 
 has been said to be wanting. Our main notions will appear in the following variations. They 
 will be found very brief and simple : 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 B-B4 2 Kt-KB3, 3 Q-K2 3 Kt-B3, 4 P-QB3 
 4 B-B4, 5 Kt-B3 5 Castles, 6 P-Q3 6 P-Q4. 7 B-Kt3. This is our type position in this Opening, and 
 we consider that whatever course Black now adopts, White retains such initiative superiority as 
 ought to belong to him as first player. 
 
 We will notice three natural replies : Firstly, 7 PxP, 8 PxP 8 B-K3, 9 Castles, or 9 B-B2, 
 according to taste. Either course is good. Secondly, 7 B-K3, 8 Castles, or 8 B-B2, as in the last 
 variation, for it is but a transposition. Thirdly, 7 B-KKt5, 8 Castles 8 PxP, 9 PxP 9 Kt-K-2, 10 P- 
 KR3, followed (if B-R4) by 11 B-Kto, with the better game. Black would probably take the Kt, 
 but Queen retakes, and White for choice. 
 
 Let us now go back : 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 B-B4 2 B-B4, 3 Q-K2 3 Kt-QB3, 4 P-QB3 4 Kt-B3, 5 Kt- 
 B3 u Castles, 6 P-Q3 6 P-Q4, 7 B-Kt3, and the intelligent reader will see that we have again 
 arrived at the type position. Herein lies our idea of this Opening. Sweeping away the Lope/ 
 Gambit, and a lot of other old rubbish, we confine the Opening to a simple and legitimate 
 groove. Black may indeed diverge. He can play 5 P-Q3, to which we would still answer with 
 (J P-Q3, and White's game would be to our liking. It is true enough that 1 P-K4 1 P-K4, 2 Kt-KB3 
 2 Kt-QB3, 3 B-B4 3 B-B4, 4 P-B3 4 Kt-B3, 5 P-Q3 5 P-Q3, the well known Giuoco Piano variation 
 of the Blackburne Zukertort match, could now be turned into our line, last above mentioned, 
 by Q-K2 ; and we answer any objection on this score by saying that 6 Q-K2 would be our 
 continuation in that branch of the Giuoco Piano. Altogether we hope to have made it clear 
 that the KB Opening, simplified as above, is well worthy of being countenanced.
 
 70 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 
 KNIGHT'S GAMBIT. 
 
 THE KING'S 
 
 r I THOUGH theoretically the Defence obtains some advantage in these Openings, 
 -- it is more the fashion to decline than to accept them in match play. Even 
 the Muzio, in practical play, has a good recent record. In the Minor Tourney of 
 the London Congress, 1883, Rev G A MacDonnell played the attack against Mr 
 I Gunsberg, and won after a struggle of 66 moves. This was the only Muzio 
 contested at that great gathering. 
 
 But little fresh analysis has appeared in these Openings, except in the King's 
 Bishop's Gambit, to which we devote several pages. 
 
 KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 
 
 Game, Mortimer v Steinitz, London 1883 Congress. 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 P-K4 
 
 ft P-KB4 B-B4 
 
 BxP K K-Bsq 
 
 P-K4 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 P-K5? 
 
 2 PxP 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 ' P-Q4 
 
 7 p -Q 4 t 
 
 4 Q-R5ch J P-KKt4 
 , Kt-B3 g P-KR4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 2 
 
 (1) 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 3 
 
 Q-Q3 (5) 
 
 Q-R4 P-KR3 
 456 
 
 Castles 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-Ksq 
 
 Castles QKt-B3 
 Kt-K2 Kt-K2 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-Ksq 
 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 Q-Kt5ch(6) 
 
 KtxB B-Kt5 Q-Kt3 (9) 
 PxKt P-B3 (8) 
 
 R-Qsq 
 Kt-Q3 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 P-KB4 
 B-Q2 (7) 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 KtxB! 
 KtxKt 
 
 (3) 
 
 
 RxKt 
 KtxP 
 
 
 QxKP! 
 KtxR 
 
 
 QxKt+ 
 
 (4) 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 71 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) The " Handbuch " gives this move equal authority with 10 K-Ktsq. Mr Wayte says 
 the move has been proved to be not feasible. Mr Steintz says, in his notes to this game, that 
 the advance of this P should be delayed as long as possible, in order to reserve Kfc-K5 for some 
 eventualities ; and that the P at K4, also prevents the entrance of the Black Kt at KB!, which 
 move often gives Black a strong counter attack. 
 
 (2) There is nothing better. If his KB moved Black could have taken the KP with B. 
 
 (3) The move made by Mr Steintz was an error. He points out the correct play for Black in 
 Col. 2. 
 
 (4) Black has two minor Pieces for the R, and a splendid position. The move Mr Steinitz 
 made in the game (13 Kt-Kt3) led to a draw at the 63rd move. 
 
 (5) A move recently suggested by Mr W N Potter. Mr Wayte considers it important, and 
 an improvement on 10 K-Ktsq for White. 
 
 (6) With a fine game, for Black must now move his K, with inconveniencies wherever it 
 goes. Black might have played (the notes on White, 10 Q-Q3 are by Mr Potter) 11 P-QB3, 
 whereupon 12 B-Kt3 12 Kt-Kt3, 13 Kt-K2, with an excellent game. Black coukl play 12 P-QKt3 
 but White gets a superiority by 13 Kt-K2 13 B-R3, 14 P-B4. We may remark that after 10 Q-Q3 
 10 P-Kt5, White could at once proceed with 11 Q-Kt5ch 11 K moves, 12 K-Ktsq, with what seems 
 to be at least an even game. There is also 10 Q-Q3 10 P-Kt5, 11 Kt-Ksq 11 Kt-Kt3, 12 Kt-K2 
 and White for choice. 
 
 (7) With a fairly good game. However, 12 B-Kt5 would have been a better move for Black. 
 White would then have had the choice of three replies, viz. : 13 K-Ktsq, 13 K-B2 and 13 B-Q2, 
 either of these moves preserving equality ; but, as difficult play arises, we would, after 10 Q-Q3 
 10 Castles recommend 11 B-Kt3 as not only a simple but safe course, provided that it be followed 
 up by Kt-K2, in almost every line of play, other than obvious exceptions. 
 
 (8) Or B-Q2, or K-Ktsq, or K-B2, with a tenable game in either case, without prejudice to 
 another twelfth move, viz. : QBxP, which has undoubted claims to be considered. 
 
 (9) There is a choice now of divers continuations at White's disposal, as for instance 12 P-R5, 
 which is stronger here than in normal variations ; 12 PxP, which has claims ; 12 BxKtch, which 
 is in accordance with latter day practice in analogous positions, though we must say that the 
 moderns are prone to exchange for very slight reasons, and thereby they often rebel against the 
 augmentation of force principle ; 12 B-B4, which some would prefer, and it would apparently be 
 a good sound move ; 12 B-KtS 1 which has points, though B-Kt5 might be a rather formidable 
 reply ; and 12 Q-Kt3, which seems to give White a kind of general control over the board, though 
 this would be to a great extent neutralised by Black immediately Castling, after which there 
 would be plenty of play on both sides. We shall be much surprised if it be not now admitted 
 that 10 Q-Q3 has claims that are worthy of consideration,
 
 72 
 
 AMEBICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 13 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mortimer 
 Bird 
 
 P-K4 
 
 8 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mortimer 
 Bird 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 9 10 
 
 Toronto, 
 1884. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Kyall 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 11 
 
 Match, 
 Paris, 1883. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 De Riviere 
 
 12 
 
 London 
 1884. 
 
 Sutton 
 Blackburne 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 PxP 
 B-B4 
 
 Q-B5ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 P-Q4- (13) 
 BxP 
 
 Q-B5ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 P-Q3 (1) 
 Q-B3 (2, 
 
 Q-B5ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 P-KB4 (15) 
 Kt-QB3(i6) 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-KK13 
 
 Q-B4 
 P-KB4 (4) 
 
 P-KKt4 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-Q3 
 
 Q-B3 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-KB3 (5) 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-KKt4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-B4 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-KKt4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 B-Kt3 
 
 B-Kt5 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 B-K3 Kt-K2? 
 B-K2 P-KB4 
 
 P-KB3 (14) 
 BxPch 
 
 Q-B4 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-K3 
 K1-QB3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-Kt5 
 
 P-Kt5 P-KB3 
 Kt-Ksq P-K5 
 
 QxB 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-KB3 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 BxKt 
 
 B-B3 B-Kt2 
 Kt-Q3 P-Q5 
 
 Q-B3 
 Q-B5ch 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-B5 
 QxQ 
 KtxQ 
 K-Kt2 
 
 PxB 
 BxP 
 
 P-B6 BPxP 
 PxP Kt-Ktf> 
 
 K-Qsq 
 Kt-B7ch 
 
 B-B2 
 
 Kt-JvJ 
 
 P-Q4 (6) 
 Q-Q3 
 
 Q-B6ch K-Q2? (12) 
 K-Ktsq (9) 
 
 K-K2 
 KtxB 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 BxB 
 BPxB 
 
 BxKt! (7) 
 PxB 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 QxKt 
 PxP 
 
 Q-B4 
 Q-KBsq 
 
 Kt-B7 ! 
 B-Ktsq 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-Bsq 
 
 Q-K4 
 PxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 B-QKt3 
 
 Kt-K8ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 BxP! 
 QxB 
 
 B-Ktsqch 
 B-Kt2 
 
 QxQ 
 BxQ 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 PxP! (3) 
 PxP 
 BxB-f 
 
 Q-B6ch 
 Q-B2 (8) 
 
 BxB 
 BxB 
 
 BxP 
 
 I.U-B3 
 
 B-B4ch ! 
 K-B2 
 
 QxBch 
 K-K2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-B2 (10) 
 
 B-K3 
 P-Q3 
 
 KtxKt 
 KtxQ 
 
 QxB-f 
 
 KtxQP 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 B-B4 
 
 P-Kt6ch 
 BxP (17) 
 
 Q-B3 
 B-KBsq 
 
 B-KBsq 
 Kt-K2 
 
 QKt-Kt5ch 
 K-B3 
 
 B-B5 
 B-Ksq 
 
 Kt-K4 
 Kt-Q4+ 
 
 Kt-K6 
 Q-B4 
 
 KtxBP+(H 
 
 
 BxKtch(i8 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 73 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) Mr Bird says : " 1 adopted this move with much success in America in 1877. Although it 
 is not recommended in the works of any of the leading authorities on the Openings, it has stood 
 the test of practice well, and I believe is better than P-KKt4, the move usually played in the 
 magnificent games of Anderssen, Harrwitz, Lowenthal, Kieseritzky, and other great masters who 
 were most partial to the unrivalled ' Bishop's Gambit Opening.' " 
 
 (2) Mr Bird continues: " Kt-QB3 is justly considered the best move at this point, as it 
 threatens at once to go to Q5, a formidable square. Kt-KB3, or P-Q4, are also frequently 
 played, the order of them being varied. The move in the text (Q-KB3) has the sanction of 
 Staunton, and has been regarded as free from objection by other leading authorities. With due 
 respect, however, I do not regard it as perfectly satisfactory. The ' Bishop's Gambit ' is rarely 
 ventured in Tournaments or great games, being an Opening of a dangerous and decisive character. 
 Out of the 283 games in the Vienna Tournament of 1882 there was only one example of it." 
 
 (3) Threatening P-Kt7. 
 
 (4) Mr Bird's notes :" I do not recollect to have observed this move at this point before in 
 an important contest ; it appears, moreover, worthy of attention, and, I think, strong ; it compels 
 Black to play P-KKt4 at once, if he intends to attempt to keep the Gambit Pawn, and this 
 deprives him of a numerous choice of moves which he might otherwise select." 
 
 (5) Black preferred not to attempt to maintain the Gambit Pawn. 
 
 (G) Mr Bird doubts the prudence of this move, which appears to lose important time. 
 
 (7) The Kt could not be allowed to go to K5. 
 
 (8) Black calculated on White playing to Ktsq, losing the B and not the R ; Black would 
 then have obtained an equivalent in position, for the sacrifice ef a R for B and P. 
 
 (9) Dr Ryall says K-B2 is probably better. 
 
 (10) P-Q5 would be bad. 
 
 (11) Dr Ryal) won on the 42nd move. 
 
 (12) Dr Ryall knows of two instances where this absurd move was made. 
 
 (13) A favorite defence of Morphy, who continued, however, 4 Kt-KB3. 
 
 (14) A grave error. B-Kt2 is the only correct move. 
 
 (15) A risky counter Gambit, not to be commended. 
 
 (10) P-K5 would be better. By the move in the text White goes on the defensive. 
 
 (17) If KtxP Black mates in four. 
 
 (18) Continued: '21 K-R2 21 QKt-Ktoch, 22 K-R3 22 Kt-B7ch, 23 K-R2 23 KKt-Kt5ch, 
 21 K-Ktsq 24 KtxPch, 25 K-Bsq 25 KtxQ, 26 BxKt 26 Castles, and White resigned.
 
 74 
 
 AMEKICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 DEFEAT OF GRIMM'S ATTACK IN THE KING'S 
 BISHOP'S GAMBIT. 
 
 THE following analysis, from Mr A G Sellman, of Baltimore, first appeared in 
 "Brentano's Chess Monthly," August 1881. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 B-B4 
 
 K-Bsq 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-K5 
 
 P-KE4 
 
 Kt-Q5 
 
 11 K-Ktsq 
 
 BLACK. 
 
 1 P-K4 
 
 2 PxP 
 
 3 Q-B5ch 
 
 4 P-KKt4 
 Q-E4 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q3 
 PxP 
 P-KE3 
 
 10 K-Qsq 
 
 11 Q-Kt3 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 12 KtxKP 
 
 13 Q-E5 
 
 14 PxB 
 
 15 B-Q2 
 
 16 BxQP 
 
 17 PxP 
 
 18 BxB 
 
 19 R-KBsq 
 
 20 BxP 
 
 21 K-E2 
 
 22 P-Kt6 
 
 BLACK. 
 
 12 Q-B4 
 
 13 BxKt 
 
 14 P-QB3 
 
 15 PxKt 
 
 16 Kt-QB3 
 
 17 B-K3 
 
 18 PxB 
 
 19 QxBP 
 
 20 Q-QB4ch 
 
 21 KtxP 
 
 and the " books " dismiss the game, asserting that White must win. Suppose, 
 however, Black continues with 22 Kt-KB3, then we think we can prove, by the 
 following variations, that the reverse will happen. 
 
 Firstly : 
 
 23 B-Kt5 
 
 24 K-Kt3 
 
 22 Kt-KB3 
 
 23 QKt-Kt5ch 
 
 (if 24 QxKt 24 PxBch wins. If 24 K-E3 24 
 QxB wins.) 
 
 24 Q-K4ch 
 
 25 K-B3 25 PxB 
 
 26 QxEch 26 K-B2 
 
 27 Q-Kt7ch 27 K-Kt3 
 
 and Black wins easily. White must 
 sacrifice his Queen to delay the impend- 
 ing mate over four moves. 
 
 Secondly : 
 
 23 P-Kt7 
 
 24 B-Kt5 
 
 22 Kt-KB3 
 
 23 E-KKtsq 
 
 (if 24 Q-R4 24 Kt-Kt5ch, 25 K-B3 25 RxP, 
 26 BxP 26 B-Kt3, and Black ought to win. If 
 24 R or Q-Qsqch, Black can reply with 24 K-K2, 
 in either case getting a safe game, and still 
 retaining the advantage of a Piece.) 
 
 24 PxB 
 
 25 BxKt 25 Kt-Kt5ch 
 
 26 QxKt 26 Q-K4ch 
 
 27 K-E3 27 QxE 
 
 28 B-Qsqch 28 K-K2 
 
 29 Q-Kt4ch 
 
 29 K-B2 
 
 and wins. 
 Thirdly : 
 
 White might play for his twenty- 
 third move QxKt or BxKt, bat, in either 
 case, Black speedily wins. In the first 
 place : 
 
 23 QxKt 
 In the second place 
 
 22 Kt-KB3 
 
 23 Kt-Kt5ch, &c. 
 
 22 Kt-KB3 
 
 23 KtxQ 
 
 24 Q-Q3ch 
 
 25 Kt-Kt6 
 
 23 BxKt 
 
 24 BxE 
 
 25 K-Ktsq 
 
 26 B-B7 
 
 (if 26 P-Kt7 26 K-B2 wins.) 
 
 26 Q-Q8ch 
 
 27 K-E2, or B2 
 
 and Black wins easily. 
 
 Fourthly : 
 
 22 Kt-KB3 
 
 23 K-K2 
 
 23 QorE-Qsqch 
 
 and Black still holds his advantage in 
 ,orce, with a perfectly safe game.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 75 
 
 ALLGAIER-THOROLD. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 Kt-KB3 4 P-KE4 . Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-K4 
 
 1 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 1884. 
 
 Adair 
 Zukertort 
 
 KtxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 2 
 
 Team match, 
 London, 1884. 
 
 Thorold 
 Ballard 
 
 P-KKt4 P-Kt5 P-KE3 
 
 3456 
 
 Glasgow, St Paul, Minn, London, Leamington, 
 1884. 1884. 1881. 1881. 
 
 Wright Hamilton Gunsberg Coker 
 Spens Rohrer Ballard Aspa 
 
 KxKt 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 BxP 
 
 B-K5ch 
 
 P-Q3 (14) 
 B-B4ch 
 
 BxP 
 
 PxP (1) 
 B-B4ch 
 
 K-Kt3 
 BxP 
 
 B-K2 
 B-B4ch 
 
 K-Kt3 (2) 
 
 Castles (3) 
 
 K-Kt2 
 
 Castles (A) 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-Q3 (15) 
 
 K-Kt2 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-K2 (4) 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 B-K2 
 B-K5 
 
 E-E2 
 Q-Q2 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-E5ch 
 
 E-Ksq (17) 
 P-K5 
 
 B-B4 
 B-K3 (5) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-E5 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 Kt-B3 
 E-B4 
 
 KtxEP 
 ExKt 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 E-Bsq 
 KtxP! 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 KtxP 
 KtxP 
 
 KtxB 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 K-E2 (6) 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 B-B4ch(10) 
 K-Esq 
 
 Kt-B6ch 
 PxKt 
 
 QxQch 
 ExQ 
 
 KxE 
 P-E3 
 
 KtxB 
 QxKt 
 
 K-Esq (7) 
 Q-Q2 
 
 KtxP (11) 
 E-B7ch 
 
 QxQ 
 BxQ 
 
 B-QB4ch 
 K-E2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Q-Q3 
 Q-K3 
 
 Q-Q3 
 B-B4 
 
 K-Kt3 
 QxQ (12) 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-E4 
 E-B7ch 
 
 K-Kt3 
 Kt-Q5! 
 
 P-B3 (18) 
 Kt-K4! 
 
 Q-QKt3 (8) 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 ExQ 
 ExP 
 
 B-QB4ch 
 K-Kt2 
 
 K-Kt3 
 ExP 
 
 E-E2 (16) 
 P-K5 
 
 KtxKt 
 E-B7ch 
 
 QKt-B3 (9) 
 BxEP 
 
 B-Kt3 
 B-B7ch 
 
 B-Q2 
 B-B3ch 
 
 P-Kt6ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 E-B2 
 B-Q3ch 
 
 K-Esq 
 QxKt 
 
 B-Kt3 
 BxBch 
 
 K-Kt2 
 ExB 
 
 K-Kt3 
 E-B6ch 
 
 B-Kt3 
 E-Q6ch 
 
 K-Kt2 
 Kt-B6+ 
 
 Q-E7ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 KxB 
 Q-Kt5 
 
 KxB 
 ExQE 
 
 K-E4 
 QE-Bsq ! 
 
 K-B4 
 E-B7ch 
 
 
 Q-E8ch(19) 
 K-K2 
 
 ExEch 
 ExE+ 
 
 ExE 
 KtxP 
 
 KxP 
 B-Q2 
 
 K-Kt5 
 E-Kt6 
 
 B-KB4 
 ExQB 
 
 
 K-K3 
 E-Ksq 
 
 P-Kt6 
 E-Esqch+ 
 
 KxP 
 KtxP 
 
 B-Q3 
 E-K5 
 
 P-Kt6 (13) 
 
 
 B-Kt5+ 
 
 BxE (20) 
 
 For Notes see page 76.
 
 76 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to page 75. 
 
 (I] Eev C E Ranken says, in the following notes to this game, that this move, it is true, breaks 
 White's centre, but then it lets in his KB, and isolates the Pawn. We therefore prefer either 
 P-BG for Black's 7th move, or to bring the KKt here to B3, for then if the P attacked the Kt. it 
 would go to R4, and, if 9 B-K5, Black could answer with Kt-QB3. 
 
 (2) Dr Zukertort, we believe, holds that this, followed by B-Kt2, is best. 
 
 (3) There would be no advantage now or at the next move in P-R5ch, as the K would simply 
 retire to R2. 
 
 (4) Kt-KB3 is certainly stonger, defending both the weak Pawns, as will be seen anon. 
 
 (5) Preparing an ingenious attack, the point of which seems to have escaped Black's observation, 
 or he would have replied with Q-Q2, or K-R2. 
 
 (G) Mr Ranken agrees with " The Field," in its notes on this game, that Black had ample time 
 now to play QKt-B3, though at the sacrifice of the KKtP, e.g., 14 QKt-B3, 15 Kt-Kt3 15 K-R2, 
 10 KtxB 16 KtxKt, 17 B-Q3 17 Kt-K2, 18 QxP 18 Q-Q2, 19 R-B3 19 K-Rsq, Ac. 
 
 (7) This does not turn out well at all. QKt-B3 would still be better. 
 
 (8) The Q should have gone to KKt3, and, if the P attack her, to R2, for now she is spn-dily 
 <<hut out from the game. 
 
 (9) If 18 Kt-Ktsq, then 19 KtxB 19 RxKt, iiO R-K8 20 R-Bsq, 21 RxR 21 BxR, 22 B-Kooh 22 B- 
 Kt2, 23 R-B8, and wins. 
 
 (10) "The Glasgow Herald " thinks that this move, followed by the capture of the RP, gives 
 Black a winning game. 
 
 (II) This move anticipates the threatened check at B7. 
 
 (12) Necessary, on account of the check at R5. 
 
 (13) Continued, 24 P-B4 24 B-Q5, 25 Kt-Q2 25 R-KBsq, 2ii Kt;-BH -H\ B-B7, 27 R-Qsq 27 RxKt, 
 followed by 28 Kt-B5, and Black wins. 
 
 (14) Mr. Potter calls this a very ineffective move. The proper move is P-Q4 or P-BG. 
 
 (15) Mr. Potter says Kt-B3 is decidedly better. 
 
 (16) He would prefer B-Kt2 here, as Black cannot escape some loss now. 
 
 (17) Kt-R4 would have been better, compelling the QB to retreat. 
 
 (18) Weak. B-Bsq was best. 
 
 (19) B-KB4 was the only resource. 
 
 (20) Continued, 24 PxR 24 QxR (hoping for the draw if White captuiv the B). -2'< ll-O:'-! -J5 
 K-Ktsq, 26 Q-R7ch 26 K-Bsq, 27 QxRPch 27 K-K2, 28 QxBch 2ft K-B2, 29 B-KtGch 29 K-Kt2, and 
 White mates in three. 
 
 (A) Mr Potter says 10 Q-Q2 has some claims here, but he does not regard it :is trustworthy. 
 But there is another continuation, to wit, 10 Q-K2. Upon this eccentric and apparently aimless 
 move he bases his hope " that the brilliant career of the Allgak r-Thorold shall not for a long time 
 come to a close." Black has three noticeable replies, namely, QxQP, Kt-QB3 and Kt-KB3. In 
 answer to the first, White proceeds 11 P-B3 ! 11 Q-B4, 12 B-K8, followed by B-Q4ch, and afterward 
 R-KBsq, or Kt-Q3, or Castles, as the case may require. 11 P-B3 11 Q-Qsq, 12 B-K5ch 1-J Kt 
 interposes, 13.R-Bsq 13 B-K2, 14 Kt-Q2 14 Kt-B3, 15 BxKtch 15 BxB, 16 Castles, with a strong 
 attack. If Black 11 Q-Kt3, 12 B-K5 12 Kt interpos. -, 1 :: I; IJ.sq, with a ml. -nil)!, ^uue. White 
 may also play 11 B-K3, with a strong game. It is to be noted that 10 Q-K2 10 QxP, frequently 
 allows White to Castle. Mr Potter promises to deal with Black's other defences at his tenth 
 move, at some future time.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 77 
 
 SALVIO. 
 
 1 P-K4 Q P-KB4 
 
 ALLGAIER-KIESERITZ8KY. 
 o Kt-KB3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 U 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 l 
 
 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Tschigorin 
 
 B-B4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 Weisbadan 
 1880 Con. 
 
 Consultation 
 Game 
 
 B-B4 (4) 
 
 PxP 
 
 3 
 
 Coml Gaz Cor 
 Tourney 1883. 
 
 Kittson 
 
 Tatnall 
 
 P-Kt3 
 
 P-KKt4 
 
 4 1 
 
 Berlin 1881 Vienna 1882 
 Congress. Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin Steinitz 
 Winawer Zukertort 
 
 P-KE4 
 
 2 
 
 New York, 
 1884 
 
 Thornton 
 
 Steinitz 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 Kt-KB3(l3) 
 B-B4 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-KE3 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-B6 (11) 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 B-B4 
 
 P-B6 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 Kt-QB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B3 (1) 
 B-B4 
 
 P-Q3 
 Kt-Q3 
 
 Q-E6ch 
 K-B2 
 
 PxPch 
 KxP 
 
 Castles 
 P-Q4 
 
 Castles 
 BxP 
 
 P-Q3 
 KtxKt 
 
 PxPch 
 KxP 
 
 Q-Kt7ch 
 K-K3 
 
 Q-E6ch 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 Kt-E4 
 Kt-K2 
 
 KtxP 
 B-KKt3 
 
 PxPch 
 KxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 B-KKt3 
 
 P-KB4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-Q4 (12) 
 BxP 
 
 P-QB4 (14) 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K6 
 Q-K2! 
 
 PxKt 
 E-KBsq 
 
 Q-K2 (5) 
 Kt-B2 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-Q3 (8) 
 
 KtxB 
 KtxKt 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 QxQP 
 P-B3 
 
 B-Q2 
 Q-Q2 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-B3 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-B4 
 
 B-Q3 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 Kt-Q2 (15) 
 KtxKt (16) 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-Kt3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 QE-Ksq 
 
 B-Q2 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 Kt-B4ch 
 KxP 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 Q-Q3 
 
 B-K3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 CastlesKE 
 E-K3 
 
 CastlesQE 
 P-Kt4 (6) 
 
 P-Q4ch 
 BxP 
 
 BxKt 
 P-K5 
 
 E-Bsq 
 KtxP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 KtxKt 
 
 K-Esq 
 Kt-K2 
 
 P-B4 
 P-Kt5 
 
 PxBch 
 QKtxP 
 
 CastlesQE 
 PxB! 
 
 E-Ksqch 
 K-Qsq 
 
 BxB 
 
 Kt-K7ch! 
 
 P-Q4 (2) 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-E4 
 E-Ksq (7) 
 
 Kt-Q3ch 
 K-Q3 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 Q-E5+ 
 
 P-Kt4 
 KtxKt 
 
 K-Esq 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-B4 
 E-Q3 
 
 KtxB 
 KtxKt 
 
 Q-B7 (9) 
 B-K3 
 
 
 PxB 
 Q-QE3 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 Kt-B4 
 
 Q-E4 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 BxKtP 
 PxP 
 
 B-B4ch 
 K-B3 
 
 BxP 
 B-Q2 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 Kt-E5 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-K3 
 
 Kt-Kt4ch 
 K-Kt3 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 B-B3 
 
 B-B3 
 
 CastlesQB 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 Q-E5 
 
 KtxP 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxPch 
 QxB 
 
 E-K6 
 E-Ksq 
 
 ExKt 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-B6ch 
 K-Esq 
 
 QxKt 
 QxP 
 
 QxBch 
 KtxQ 
 
 BxB 
 ExE 
 
 B-Kt2 
 KE-Bsq 
 
 P-E4 (3) 
 
 QxQ+ 
 
 KtxPch(lO) 
 
 QxE (17) 
 
 Q-Kt6 (18) 
 
 For Notes see page 78.
 
 78 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to page 77. 
 
 (1) P-Q3, followed on Kt retreating to Q3 by PxPch, is considered best. 
 
 (2) An unwarranted sacrifice, though leading to some lively play. 
 
 (3) Continued, 23 P-Q6 23 P-KB4, 24 QxQBP 24 QR-Qsq, 25 B-K3 25 P-B5, 20 Kt-K^ 20 Ktx 
 QP, 27 B-K7 27 KtxKt, 28 BxKt 28 P-Kt6, 29 B-B3 29 B-KKtsq, 30 PxP 30 PxP, 31 K-Kt2 ! 31 
 B-B3, 32 B-K5ch, and Black resigned. 
 
 (4) This game was contested between Bird, Blackburne, and Winawer (White), and L Paulson, 
 W Paulsen, and Zukertort (Black). 
 
 (5) Avoiding the lock-up of the Q following Q-R6ch. 
 
 (6) Mr Steinitz pronounces this move both premature and hazardous. 
 
 (7) Mr Beichhelm says this move loses the game, as it allows the exchange of the B for Kt. 
 Black won on the 47th move. 
 
 (8) The object of this deviation from the usual book move, B-Q3, is to imprison the Black Q, 
 but the result condemns the strategy. 
 
 (9) A lost move, as White does not check and capture B. 
 
 (10) Continued, 23 K-B3 21 KtxQ, 24 KxKt 24 P-KB4, 25 Kt(K3)-Q5 25 Kt-B3 ? (the losing 
 move. B-Q3 was the proper move), 26 QB-Ksqch 26 K-B2, 27 B-K5 + . 
 
 (11) The Cochrane variation, which Steinitz played successfully against Anderssen and 
 Zukertort. 
 
 (12) P-Q3 is better play. 
 
 (13) Mr Steinitz says this can be played in lieu of Paulson's B-Kt2, the moves being merely 
 transposed. 
 
 (14) This attempt to break through with the P, Mr Steinitz says, is not new, but in this game 
 Dr Zukertort has hit upon the exact point to apply it. 
 
 (15) An excellent move, giving Black the advantage in all variations. 
 
 (16) If KtxKtP the reply Kt-Kt3 wins a Piece. 
 
 (17) Continued, 23 PxB 23 Q-Kt8ch, 24 K-Q2 24 QxPch, 25 K-K3 25 E-Ksqch, 26 K-Q4 26 Q-K5 
 Oh, 27 K-B5 27 Q-K2ch, 28 P-Q6 28 Q-K4ch, 29 KxP 29 Q-K5ch, 30 K-Kt3 30 B-Ktsqch, 31 Q-Kt4, 
 31 BxQch, 32 PxB 32 Q-Q6ch, 33 K-Kt2 33 Q-Q5ch, and White resigned. 
 
 (18) Continued, 23 B-B2 23 B-KBsq, 24 B-Q3 24 B-K3 ?, 25 BxP ! 25 BxB, 26 QxB 26 B-B8ch 
 27 B-Ksq 27 Q-Kt3, 28 QxQ 28 BPxQ, 29 K-Q2 29 K-Ktsq, 30 B-Q8ch 30 B-Bsq, 31 R-Q7? (giving 
 Black a chance to draw. White's correct move was 31 K-K2) 31 B-Q3 !, 32 K-K2 32 B-Kt8 !, 33 
 K-B2 33 B-R8, 34 K-K2 34R-Kt8, and the game was drawn.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 79 
 
 KING'S GAMBIT. 
 
 KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 l 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 Sellman 
 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mortimer 
 RoRenthal 
 
 P-KE4 
 
 3 
 
 London 1883 
 Minor Tour. 
 
 Ensor 
 V.Bardeleben 
 
 P-Q4 (5) 
 
 1 
 P-K4 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Philadelphia 
 1882. 
 
 Steinitz 
 Barbour 
 
 P-K4 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-K4 
 P-KB4 
 
 PxP 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-B4 (10) 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 PxP 
 
 P-KKt4 
 B-B4 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 K-K2 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-B4 
 
 KtxP 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Kt5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-Kt4(14) 
 P-B3 
 
 P-Kto? 
 Kt-Ktsq (1) 
 
 P-Q3 (3) 
 KtxKtP 
 
 B-Q3 (6) 
 P-B4 
 
 Q-K2! (11) 
 Q-K2! 
 
 P-Q4 
 PxPenpass 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 B-K2 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-B3! 
 P-Q3 
 
 Kt-B3? 
 P-QE4 (12) 
 
 BxP 
 P-Q4 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 P-B3 
 
 BxPch 
 Kt-B2 
 
 B-KKt5 
 K-Q2 
 
 P-QKt4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-B5 
 
 Q-K2ch 
 K-B2 
 
 B-E3 
 Kt-QE3 
 
 Q-Kt4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 BxKt 
 QxB 
 
 KKt-Q2 
 P-B5 
 
 Kt-KKt5 
 P-Q4 (13) 
 
 Kt-K5ch 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 P-E3? 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-B3 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 P-QE3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 PxP 
 PxP 
 
 Castles 
 B-Q3 
 
 PxP 
 K-Kt2 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Kt-Qsq 
 
 P-QE4 
 Kt-B3 
 
 BxP 
 KtxB 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-B4 
 
 BxB 
 QxB 
 
 KtxKt 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-K2 
 K-B2 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 P-B4! 
 P-Q5 
 
 PxP 
 
 ExP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-B3 
 
 CastlesKE 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-B7ch 
 K-Qsq 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Q-K2 
 
 Q-K2 
 Q-B4 
 
 B-Kt6 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-Kt3 
 B-Q2 
 
 KtxE 
 QxP 
 
 Kt-K4 (15) 
 KtxKt 
 
 P-Q3 
 E-KBsq 
 
 B-Q2 
 B-Q2 
 
 Q-B3 
 Kt-K4! 
 
 E-Bsq 
 B-KE6 
 
 BxKt 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-Qsq 
 E-E5 
 
 CastlesQE 
 CastlesQE 
 
 QxP 
 B-B3 
 
 B-Q2 
 QxEch 
 
 B-Q5ch 
 K-Kt2 
 
 P-Kt4? 
 B-Kt3 
 
 P-B4 
 PxP 
 
 Q-K6 
 QxQ (7) 
 
 QxQ 
 BxQ+ 
 
 E-Ksq 
 E-Ksq 
 
 Kt-K3 
 Q-K3 
 
 QxP 
 E-E5 
 
 PxQ 
 
 QE-Ksq (8) 
 
 
 B-Q2 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 P-E3 
 Kt-B2 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-Kt3 
 
 B-B5 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Q-B3 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 Kt-Kt4 
 B-Q5 
 
 QE-Bsq 
 E-Esq 
 
 B-E3 
 B-Q4 
 
 PxKt 
 BxP 
 
 E-Ktsq (2) 
 
 Kt-K2 (4) 
 
 QE-Ksq (9) 
 
 B-B4 (16) 
 
 For Notes see page 80.
 
 80 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 NOTES, to page 79. 
 
 (1) Dr Zukertort says White may enter here into the Muzio with 6 Castles or 6 BxP, or proceed 
 with Kt-K5. The text move is new, but perfectly safe. 
 
 (2) Continued, 21 Kt-Kt4 21 Kt-B3?, 22 QxKt 22 KtxB (if PxQ, White's reply is ExRch+), 23 
 QxKt+. 
 
 (3) Mr Minchin says it is singular that such a master of the Openings as M. Rosenthal should 
 have selected this old fashioned form of defence, when that springing from Kt-KB3, and B-Kt2 
 gives so decided an advantage, that the attack is now rarely ventured on. 
 
 (4) Through errors White lost this game at move 53. 
 
 (5) An old move the Polerio Gambit. 
 
 (6) As at the similar stage of the Steinitz Gambit, Black may here play 5 Q-K2ch, giving 
 White the choice between a very inferior game and a draw by perpetual check. As Black is 
 playing to win in this game, Mr W M Gattie would prefer the following continuation for Black, 
 5 B-KKt5ch, 6 Kt-B3 6 Kt-Q2, 7 P-B4 7 Castles, 8 K-Q2 8 Kt-B3, with a good game. 
 
 (7) Q-R5 would have been a difficult move for Black to meet. 
 
 (8) An error. White should have played KtxB, afterwards regaining the P by QR-Ksq and 
 B-Q4. 
 
 (9) Further errors enabled Black to win on the 46th move. 
 
 (10) Mr Max Judd says this is Black's best reply. In his opinion, the capture of the Pawn, 
 whatever it may be theoretically, more often leads to defeat than success in practice and even in 
 match play. Taking the P gives the first player man} 7 ways of instituting a strong attack. Odds 
 givers are very partial to the Gambit accepted. By declining the Gambit with 2 B-B4 the game 
 remains even. 
 
 (11) Mr Judd says this is the best move at this stage, and leads in many cases to decided 
 advantage for Black. It prevents the establishment of White's centre Pawns. In this line of 
 play Black must not exchange his QB for the White KKt. The books advise it, but Mr Judd 
 says it is not the best play. 
 
 (12) Preventing Black from exchanging QKt for B, and having other obvious intentions. 
 
 (13) White might also play B-Bsq. 
 
 (14) An invention by Mr Barbour. 
 
 (15) Showing the purpose of his llth move. 
 
 (16) Continued, 21 Q-B3 21 RxB, and Mr Steinitz resigned, seeing that if he took the R he 
 would lose his Q by B-R6ch, forcing the K to abandon the defence of the Q.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 81 
 
 IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 
 
 THE popularity of the Irregular Openings in the recent Chess Congresses has 
 already been referred to. Specimens of these efforts to avoid book play are 
 very frequent in the Book of the London Chess Congress, 1883, and indeed the 
 volume might serve as a modern treatise on the subject. In the 242 games the 
 first player opened 182 times with P-K4, and otherwise 60 times. The second 
 player replied to 1 P-K4 with the same move 110 times, and otherwise 72 times. 
 White played 1 P-KB4 eight times ; 1 Kt-QB3 once ; 1 P-Q4 twenty-four times ; 
 1 Kt-KB3 nine times ; 1 P-K3 twice ; and 1 P-QB4 sixteen times. Ten of the 
 thirty-two games contested at that meeting by Dr Zukertort had irregular Openings. 
 We present one page from the London games, as examples of prevailing ideas in 
 declining to offer any of the standard debuts. 
 
 Mr E Freeborough says the Opening 1 P-KB4, advocated by Mr Bird, does 
 not stop the reply from Black 1 P-K4, if the latter wishes to play From's Gambit.
 
 82 
 
 IRREGULAR OPENINGS. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 l 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Rosentlml 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 2 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Englisch 
 
 3 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Mason 
 
 4 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Zukertort 
 Winawer 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 5 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Mason 
 Steinitz 
 
 B-B4 
 
 6 
 
 London 1883 
 Congress. 
 
 Tschigorin 
 Blackbume 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-K3 
 
 P-K3 
 P-K3 
 
 P-K3 
 P-K3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-K3 
 
 B-B4 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-QB4 (18) 
 PxP? 
 
 P-QKt3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-QB4 
 B-K2 (4) 
 
 B-Kt5 
 B-K2 
 
 P-K3 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-QB3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-K2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Castles 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-B3 (19) 
 P-K3 
 
 B-K2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 Castles 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QKt3 
 
 P-K3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-K4 
 B-Kt3 
 
 B-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 P-B4 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-K2 
 B-Kt2 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-B4 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 BxP 
 P-B3 
 
 Kt-K2 
 B-Q3 (22) 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QKt3 
 
 Castles 
 P-B4 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-B5 
 
 KKt-K2 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-K5? 
 B-Kt2 
 
 BPxP? 
 KPxP 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-B2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 B-Kt3 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QE3 
 
 BPxP? 
 KtxKt ! 
 
 P-QKt3 
 QKt-Q2 (5) 
 
 E-QBsq 
 B-Q2 (10) 
 
 P-QE3? 
 P-QE4 
 
 Castles (20) 
 Castles 
 
 KtxKt 
 PxKt 
 
 PxKt 
 KtxP 
 
 B-Kt2 
 E-Bsq 
 
 B-Ktsq (11) 
 E-Ksq (12) 
 
 Kt-Kt5(15) 
 P-KE3 
 
 Kt-B4 
 P-K4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 CastlesQE 
 
 P-B3 (1) 
 KtxKt 
 
 R-Bsq 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-KE4 
 PxP 
 
 P-KR4 
 B-Kt2 (16) 
 
 KtxB 
 EPxKt 
 
 Q-K2 
 B-B5 
 
 PxKt 
 Q-B2 
 
 B-R3 (6) 
 B-Ksq (7) 
 
 BPxP 
 P-K4 
 
 B-K5 
 P-Kt5 
 
 P-Q5 
 PxP 
 
 CastlesQE 
 KE-Ksq 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-B5 (2) 
 
 Kt-QR4 (8) 
 Q-K2 
 
 PxP 
 KtxP 
 
 BxKt 
 BxB 
 
 PxP 
 B-B4ch 
 
 KE-Ksq 
 Q-B2 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-QKt4 
 
 B-Kt5 
 P-QE3 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxKt 
 
 Q-Kt4 
 P-Kt6! 
 
 K-Esq 
 Kt-Kt3 
 
 P-Kt3 
 B-E3 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 B-QB3 
 
 B-Q3 (9) 
 P-B5! 
 
 Kt-B3 
 BxP 
 
 B-Qsq 
 PxKt 
 
 B-Kt5 
 B-Q5 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-Kt3 
 
 B-B3 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 BxB 
 QxB 
 
 BxPch 
 K-Bsq 
 
 PxP 
 BxP 
 
 Kt-K4 ! 
 BxP 
 
 P-B4 
 P-K4 
 
 B-Q2 
 BxB 
 
 B-B5 
 R-B2 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 Q-B3 
 
 P-B4! 
 P-B4! 
 
 E-QKtsq 
 B-Q5 
 
 PxKP 
 ExP 
 
 ExB 
 B-Q6! 
 
 Kt-B3 
 P-QKt4 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-Kt5 
 
 QxB 
 
 QxQ 
 
 P-B4! 
 QKt-Q2(2i) 
 
 Q-Bsq 
 E-K2 
 
 ExP (3) 
 Q-Q2+ 
 
 B-Ktsq 
 P-Kt5 + 
 
 B-K2 (13) 
 QE-Qsq 
 
 PxQ 
 P-K4 
 
 P-Bo 
 Q-E4 
 
 PxP 
 RxE 
 
 
 
 Castles (14) 
 
 B-B3 (17) 
 
 KtxKtch+ 
 
 QxE (23) 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) Dr Zukertort says M Rosenthal plays this game below his usual standard. He has already 
 a bad game, and the text move loses time on the K side, and gives White an opportunity to break 
 up the Q side. 
 
 (2) Blocking the action of both hostile Bishops, and opening a good square for his B at QB4. 
 
 (3) A blunder, but Black's game is lost, his position being blocked and his Pawns weak. 
 
 (4) Dr Zukertort says White may also proceed with 4 P-QKt3, 5 B-Kt2, and 6 B-Q3. 
 
 (5) After the exchange of Pawns on the previous move White makes the text move to protect 
 the QBP, and keep the QB file clear for the Books. 
 
 (6) Black errs here in attacking White's QBP, which is not open to assault. 
 
 (7) Threatening to win a Pawn with 14 PxP 14 BxB, 15 PxKt 15 B-Kt4, 16 Kt-K5 16 Q-Ksq. 
 
 (8) PxP would be better. 
 
 (9) Overlooking White's next move. He should have captured the Kt. 
 
 (10) White could not play the KP on account of Black's reply B-Kt5 
 
 (11) Preparing to attack on the K side. 
 
 (12) Making an outlet for the K, and preparing to attack in the centre. 
 
 (13) If 19 Kt-Kt5 White wins a Piece by BxPch, &c." 
 
 (14) White won after a hard battle of 58 moves. 
 
 (15) A premature attack. 
 
 (16) Dr Zukertort says that he should have played B-Q2. 
 
 (17) This game was a prolonged struggle of 79 moves. Black overlooked a draw at move 45, 
 and again at move 59. White finally won. 
 
 (18) Mr Steinitz says this is a novelty which seems to break the force of this attack, once so 
 much dreaded that Morphy avoided it against Harrwitz by 1 P-KB4, after losing twice with the 
 defence 1 P-Q4. 
 
 (19) Securing a centre, and an excellent game. 
 
 (20) Kt-B4 would have been premature, on account of the reply Kt-B4. 
 
 (21) White probable saw too late that he could not capture the QP. 19 QKtxP 19 PxP, 20 
 BxP 20 KBxKt, and White cannot retake without losing his Q. 
 
 (22) Mr Bird says White has unquestionably the better Opening. 
 
 (23) This was a fine game of 45 moves, and was won by White.
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE BLACKMAR GAMBITS. 
 
 THE following account and analyses of these methods of commencing the 
 Game have been re-arranged, and in a few instances slight revisions have 
 been made, by Mr Edward Marks, of the Athenaeum Chess Club, London ; who, 
 however, disclaims any responsibility for the accuracy of the analyses. 
 
 The American Supplement introduces the Blackrnar Gambits as follows : 
 
 " Mr A E Blackmar, of New Orleans, sends to the editor the following 
 analysis of winning positions in two interesting Gambits invented by him, and 
 which he has been playing for four years. The second Gambit is not played 
 much, because few make use of the Hollandish Defence, Black 1 P-KB4. 
 
 " In the first Gambit the general opinion is that Black should not capture the 
 second Pawn, but play 3 P-K3 or 3 P-K4, as suggested by Mr Chas. A Maurian. 
 
 " Mr Blackmar has a manuscript book of over 300 games played at the 
 Gambits, and his conclusion is that both lead to most interesting positions, giving 
 White an immense variety of brilliant attacks to repay for the Pawn sacrificed. 
 
 " The second Gambit resembles From's Gambit at White's fourth move, 
 except that White is a move ahead." 
 
 FIRST GAMBIT (see pages 85-88) : 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-K4 
 
 P-KB3 
 
 KtxP 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 PxP 
 
 PxP 
 
 Position after White's 4th move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 
 WHITE. 
 
 SECOND GAMBIT (bee page 89) : 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-K4 
 PxP 
 
 P-KB3 
 PxP 
 
 KtxP 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 B-Q3
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 THE BLACKMAR GAMBIT. 
 2345 
 
 (See Diagram on page 84.) 
 
 85 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 IB 
 
 B-B4 
 P-B3 
 
 KtxB 
 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-K3 
 B-QB4 
 
 B-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-K5 (1) 
 
 B-Kt3 
 QKt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 P-KKt4 
 
 Castles 
 QKt-B3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 Q-K2 
 
 RPxKt 
 BxP 
 
 B-Kt3 
 P-KE4 
 
 P-KE3 
 KtxBP 
 
 B-E4 P-QR3 
 Q-Ksq KtxB 
 
 PxB 
 Q-B2 
 
 P-KE3 
 KtxB 
 
 ExKt 
 Kt-K5 
 
 BxKt EPxKt 
 KtxKBP Kt-Kt5 + 
 
 K-B2 
 Kt-B3 
 
 PxKt 
 BxPch 
 
 B-K5 
 BxP 
 
 Eesigns (2) 
 
 Q-B2 
 Kt-K5ch 
 
 K-E2 
 P-Kt5+ 
 
 B-Q4 
 KtxE 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 QxP 
 
 
 Q-KBsq 
 KtxEPch 
 
 B-Qsq 
 B-B4 
 
 
 K-Esq 
 Kt-B7ch 
 
 Q-K2 
 B-Kt5 
 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 Kt-Kt5ch 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 KxKt+ 
 
 
 K-Esq 
 ExKt+ 
 
 B-K2 
 
 P-K4 
 
 KtxP 
 
 BxKt 
 
 ExB 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Q-K5 
 
 Castles 
 
 QxB~ 
 
 Q-Kt3+ 
 
 (1) Threatens BxB. 
 
 (2) Correspondence Game between A E Blackmar and L S Atkinson. 
 
 NOTE. The French Defence now often runs into the Blackmar Gambit, viz. : 1 P-K4 1 P-K3, 
 2 P-Q4 2 P-Q4, 3 P-QB3 3 PxP, 4 Kt-Q2 4 Kt-B3, 5 P-B3 5 PxP, 6 KKtxP. If 4 P-B3 4 B-Q3, 
 5 PxP (or K4-Q2) 5 Q-R5ch + .
 
 86 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 P-K3 
 B-Q3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-B3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 
 B-K3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Kt-Q4 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 CastlesQR 
 
 B-K2 
 
 Kt-K4 
 
 P-KE3 
 
 B-Q2! 
 
 KKt-B3 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-K5 
 
 KtxKt 
 
 PxKt 
 
 B-Kt4 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 
 BxB ~~ 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE BLACKMAR GAMBIT. 
 8 9 10 
 
 (See Diagram on page 84.) 
 
 11 
 
 B-Q3 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-KB3 
 
 BxKt 
 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-B7 
 
 B-Ksq 
 
 Q-B5 
 
 B-Bsq (2) 
 
 Kt-K4+ (3) 
 
 P-KB4 
 Q-B5 
 
 KxKt 
 Kt-K4 
 
 PxKt 
 BxBP 
 
 PxB 
 B-KBsq 
 Q-K2 (4) 
 B-B3+ (5) 
 
 QxB 
 
 QKt-K4 
 
 Q-K2 
 
 Q-B5 
 
 B-Q2 (6) 
 
 Kt-B7 
 
 KxKt (7) 
 
 Kt-B6ch 
 
 K-Bsq 
 
 BxP 
 
 P-KKt3 (8) 
 
 PxKt 
 Q-E5 + 
 
 (1) An unfinished Correspondence Game. 
 
 (2) If 12 Kt-K2, or B-K2, or B-B5, or B-K4, then 13 Kt-K4+. 
 
 (3) If 13 KxKt, 14 Kt-Kt5ch, or 14 KtxBPch. If 13 B-Kt2, 14 KKtxBPch+ . 
 
 (4) If 15 Q-Q2, 16 B-Kt5ch, and then to B6+. 
 
 (5) If 16 P-Q7, 17 B-B4ch+. If 16 P-K4, 17 R-Kt3. If 16 P-B3, 17 BxRoh+. 
 
 (6) If 12 PxKt, mate in two. If 12 P-KKt3, mate in four. (A) If 12 P-KB3, 13 Q-Kt6+, 
 
 (7) If 13 P-KKt3, or KR-Qsq, 14 QKt-B6ch+. 
 
 (8) White mates in eight moves. (B) 
 
 (A) I cannot discover it. E.M. 
 
 (B) There appears to bo a mate in six moves, e.g. : 1 Q-R4 1 BxPch, 2 QxB 2 QxKt best, 3 B- 
 KtSch 3 K-Kt2 best, 4 Q-R6ch 4 K-Ktsq, 5 BxQ, and mates next move.
 
 12 
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 THE BLACKMAR GAMBIT. 
 13 14 15 
 
 (See Diagram on page 84.) 
 
 87 
 
 16 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 & 
 17 
 
 B-Kt5 
 P-B3 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-K4 
 B-QB4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Q-E4ch (5) B-Q3 
 
 P-K3 
 
 Castles 
 
 P-K5 
 BxBPch 
 
 B-Q2 P-K3 
 Q-Kt3 Castles 
 
 B-Q3 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 K-K2 
 BxKt 
 
 P-K5 P-B3 
 Kt-Kt5 QKt-Q2 
 
 Castles 
 Q-E4 
 
 Castles 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 P-KE3 (4) 
 Q-K2 
 
 Q-B3 B-Q3 
 B-QB4 Q-Ksq 
 
 BxKt 
 ExB 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Q-E4 
 
 BxKt 
 PxB 
 
 Kt-KE3 B-E4 
 E-Bsq+ (6) Kt-K4 
 
 QKt-Q2 (1) 
 B-KKt5 
 
 P-KE3 
 Kt-K4 
 
 ExB 
 QxPch 
 
 B-Kt3 
 KKt-Kt5 
 
 P-KKt3 
 BxKt 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxB 
 
 K-B2 
 
 QxKtP 
 
 B-K2 
 KtxKtch (7) 
 PxKt 
 KtxKP 
 
 B-K2 
 RxKtPch 
 
 P-KB4 
 Q-E3 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Q-Q5ch+ 
 
 BPxE 
 BxB+ (2) 
 
 Q-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 
 PxKt 
 B-QB4 
 
 
 QE-Ksq 
 BxKt 
 
 Castles 
 B-E6 
 
 PxB 
 Kt-K5 (3) 
 
 E-Ksq 
 QxPch 
 
 
 K-Esq 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 B-Bsq (8) 
 
 (1) If 10 P-KB3, 11 BxKP+. 
 
 (2) Game, Blackmar and D Daponte. 
 
 (3) Thus far this is a Game between A E Blackmar and J A Galbreath. White played 16 Kt- 
 Kt5, and Black played QxRch and lost. He should have played Q-Kt3. 
 
 (4) If 8 PxKt, 9Q-Kt3+. 
 
 (5) Showing the purpose of White's fifth move. 
 
 (6) Game, Blackmar and L L Labatt. 
 
 (7) The position at this point is shown by the Diagram on next page. 
 
 (8) Correspondence Game between A E Blackmar and L S Atkinson, discontinued after the 
 seventeenth move.
 
 88 
 
 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE BLACKMAR GAMBIT. 
 
 T P-Q4 
 
 2 P-K4 
 
 oP-KB3 4 KtxP r P-B3 6 B-Q3 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 7 Castles 
 
 PxP 
 8 QKt-Q2 
 
 PxP B-Kt6 J Kt-KB3 P-K3 
 Q Q-Ksq in Kt-K4 ^KKt-KtS 10 KtxKtch 
 
 P-B3 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 J 
 
 B-B4 B-Kt3 B-K2 
 
 D osition after White's 12th move. 
 BLACK. 
 
 " '9' i'Wfr i '%%% & 09 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 WHITE. 
 18 19 
 
 PxKt 
 KtxKP 
 
 BxKt 
 KtxKP 
 
 PxKt 
 B-QB4 
 
 PxKt 
 QxPch 
 
 Castles 
 B-B6 
 
 B-B2 B-K2 
 BxP B-QKt5 
 
 K-Bsq 
 B-KB4 
 
 B-Ksq 
 QxPch 
 
 BxB Q-Q2 
 QxB BxBch 
 
 B-B2 
 B-Q6ch 
 
 K-Bsq 
 Q-Kt4 
 
 Q-Q2 PxB 
 Q-K2 QxKtPch 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 B-QB4 
 
 P-KB4 
 BxP 
 
 B-Bsq K-Qsq 
 Q-B5ch QxKtP 
 
 Q-Q2 
 BxB 
 
 Q-Q2 B-B2 B-Ksq 
 QB-KBsq B-B5 (2) B-B7+ 
 
 PxB 
 
 QxP+ 
 
 B-Q3 Q-K3 
 Q-Kt5+ (1) B-Q2 (3) 
 
 
 
 
 (t) If Black plays 20 B-K2, White mates in seven moves. (A) If 20 BxR, mate in two. If 
 20 Q-K2, 21 R-B8ch wins. If 20 Q-Qsq, 21 R B7 21 R-Ktsq (21 Kt-Q2, 22 B-Kt7ch, mating in 
 two), 22 B-Kt7ch wins. 
 
 (2) If 19 B-Kt5 19 Q-Q4. 
 
 (3) If 20 Kt-Q2, 21 P-Q5 21 PxP, 22 B-Ksq. 
 
 (A) Mate in five by 21 B-Kt7ch 21 KxB, 22 R-B7ch, &c. E. M.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 
 BLACKMAR'S SECOND GAMBIT. 
 
 89 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 G 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-K4 Q P-KB3 A KtxP ^ B-Q3 (1) 
 
 P-KB4 
 
 1 
 
 J PxP 
 2 
 
 PxP 
 3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 4 5 
 
 6 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-KKt3 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 P-Q3 
 P-KE3 
 
 P-KKt3 
 KtxEP 
 
 P-Q4 
 KtxEP 
 
 Kt-B3 
 Kt-Kt5 
 
 ExKt 
 BxPch 
 
 ExKt 
 BxPch 
 
 P-K4 
 KtxEP 
 
 
 P-KKt3 
 KtxP 
 
 E-B2 
 B-Kt5 
 
 K-Q2 
 BxE 
 
 P-K5 
 BxP 
 
 KtxKt 
 BxPch 
 
 B-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtxB 
 
 Castles 
 
 KtxB (5) 
 Q-E5ch 
 
 K-Q2 
 Q-E5 (6) 
 
 K-Bsq 
 BxE 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 Q-B3 
 
 K-K2 
 
 Castles 
 
 B-Kt2 (7) 
 P-Q5 
 
 KxB 
 BxKt 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Q-Ksq 
 B-Kt5ch 
 
 B-K3 
 P-Q5 
 
 Kt-Q5 (8) 
 Q-Kt4ch 
 
 Kt-Bsq 
 Q-Kt4ch 
 
 BxB 
 
 Q-E5ch 
 
 P-B3 
 B-B4 
 
 KtxB 
 QxKtch 
 
 B-Ktsq 
 B-Kt5ch 
 
 P-K3 
 
 B-E7+ 
 
 P-K3 
 PxKtch 
 
 K-Bsq (2) 
 Q-E8ch+(3 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 QE-Ksq (4) 
 
 K-Q2 
 KtxBch 
 
 KtxB 
 QxKtch 
 
 
 PxP 
 
 Castles + 
 
 
 . ' 
 
 ExKt 
 QxPch+ 
 
 K-Q2 
 KtxBch 
 
 
 
 
 K-Bsq 
 Q-Kt4ch 
 
 
 K-Ktsq 
 Kt-Q7ch 
 
 
 K-Bsq 
 R-B8+ 
 
 
 (1) The position is like that of the From Gambit, except that White has given KBP instead of 
 QP, and is a move ahead. (A very material difference. E.M.) 
 
 (2) If 13K-K2,14RxB+. 
 
 (3) Game between A E Blackmar and A Labry. 
 
 (4) If 14 QxBP, 15 BxKt 15 RxB, 16 Q-R3ch 16 K-Qsq, 17 Q-R8 + . 
 
 (5) If 9 Q-K2, 10 KtxKtch+. 
 
 (6) Appears better than B-B5ch, P-Q5, or Q-Kt4ch. 
 
 (7) If 10 P-K3, 11 P-Q5 11 Kt-K4, 12 PxPch 12 K moves, 13 BxKt+. 
 
 (8) If Kt goes to any other square, White mates in two.
 
 90 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT TO THE 
 
 THE MEADOW HAY AND STONEWALL OPENINGS. 
 
 rriHE "Meadow "Hay" is an invention of Mr Preston Ware, of Boston. Its 
 -- first move is P-QE4 for either attack or defence. Mr Steinitz gave it some 
 passing attention in 1878, and pronounced its irregularity more manifest than its 
 value, and said it was not likely to supercede the debuts of the middle Pawns, 
 which free the actions of the Queens and Bishops. When it is remembered, he 
 remarked, that there are actually over 400 different ways of starting the game on 
 both sides, on the first move only, without proceeding further, it would occasion 
 no surprise that originality is sometimes applied to the very first move, and strange 
 Openings are thus introduced. Mr Ware has played the " Meadow Hay " at Chess 
 Congresses in Europe and America, and proved it to possess considerable strength 
 among the Irregular Openings. 
 
 The " Stonewall " Opening was also invented by Mr Ware, but thus far has 
 attracted little attention. 
 
 NOTES, to opposite page. 
 
 (1) And White mates in four moves. This game is one of a match played by Mr Ware with 
 Mr Keyes, in Boston, in 1878. Mr Ware played his "Meadow Hay" Opening in all the ten 
 games of the match, winning nine of them. 
 
 (2) Mr Steinitz would have preferred P-QKt3. 
 
 (3) Black's EP was bound to fall, and the open R file gives White the better position. The 
 game is one won by Mr Ware from Capt Mackenzie. 
 
 (4) From a game won from Mr Ware by Capt Mackenzie. 
 
 (6) The " Stonewall" Opening. 
 
 (6; A loas of time. Mr Sellman recommends P-QKt4. From a game won by Mr Ware from 
 Mr Weiss, at the Vienna International Chess Congress, 1882. 
 
 (7) Beginning a counter attack. 
 
 (8) A weak move. The game was won from Mr Ware by Mr Paulsen at the Vienna Congr-s=, 
 1882.
 
 SYNOPSIS OP THE CHESS OPENINGS. 91 
 
 THE MEADOW HAY OPENING. THE STONEWALL OPENING. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 P-QB4 
 
 P-E5 
 
 P-QB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 
 
 P-K4 
 P-QB3 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-KB4 (5) 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-Q4 
 P-K3 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-Q4 
 
 P-K3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-KKt3 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 P-K5 
 B-B4 
 
 P-KB4 
 P-E6 
 
 P-K5 
 B-B4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-K3 
 
 B-Kt2 
 P-K3 
 
 B-Q3 
 BxB 
 
 PxP (2) 
 Kt-KB3 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-K3 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-Q3 
 
 P-Q3 
 B-K2 
 
 QxB 
 P-K3 
 
 P-K5 
 Kt-K5 
 
 P-Q4 
 Kt-KE3 
 
 P-B4 
 P-B3 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 B-B4 
 Q-B2 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 P-Q4 
 
 B-Q3 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 P-B4 
 
 Kt-KB3 
 Kt-Q2 
 
 B-Q3 
 B-K2 
 
 P-B3 
 P-B5 
 
 P-QE3 
 B-Q2 
 
 P-B3 
 Kt-B3 
 
 Castles 
 P-E3 
 
 Castles 
 Castles 
 
 BxB 
 KtxB 
 
 Castles 
 P-QE3 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-K4 
 
 P-QB4 
 P-KB4 
 
 P-B4 
 P-QKt3 
 
 P-QKt3 
 P-QKt4 
 
 P-QKt3 
 P-E3 
 
 P-K4 
 BPxP 
 
 PxPen pass 
 QxB 
 
 B-K3 
 B-Kt2 
 
 P-QE4 
 P-Kt5 
 
 B-Kt2 
 B-Ksq 
 
 PxP 
 P-Q5 
 
 Q-Kt6ch 
 K-Qsq 
 
 QKt-Q2 
 ExP+ (3) 
 
 Castles 
 PxBP 
 
 Kt-K5 
 QKt-Q2 
 
 Kt-B4 
 B-Q3 
 
 PxP 
 
 Kt-K2 
 
 
 KtxP 
 B-Kt5 
 
 KtxKt 
 QxKt 
 
 Q-Kt3 (7) 
 K-Bsq 
 
 PxB(Q)ch 
 KtxQ 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 Castles 
 
 Kt-E4 
 E-Qsq 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 B-K2 
 
 Q-Kt3 
 Q-B4 
 
 Q-B2 
 P-B6 
 
 Kt-B5 
 Q-K2 
 
 Kt-Q2 
 Q-Ksq 
 
 Q-Q6ch 
 K-Ksq 
 
 P-Kt4 
 Kt-E5 
 
 Kt-E4 (6) 
 B-E4+ 
 
 Q-Qsq 
 P-KE3 
 
 Kt-B3 
 E-KKtsq 
 
 Kt-Kt5 
 P-Kt3 
 
 
 KKt-B3 
 B-K3 
 
 Kt-K5 
 Q-E6 
 
 Q-B2+ (4) 
 
 P-KB3 
 B-Qsq 
 
 P-Kt3 
 Kt-B4 
 
 B-Ksq 
 P-E3 (8) 
 
 Q-B5 (1) 
 
 PxP+ 
 
 For Notes see opposite page.
 
 Will shortly be issued, Price, 3s 6d. 
 
 f\* 
 
 MODEKN CHESS OPENINGS. 
 
 A compilation of the most popular Openings, with the latest variations. 
 
 -:o:- 
 
 Orders, or suggestions in reference to the work (which will be of a similar 
 character to the " Synopsis of the Chess Openings ") to be addressed to the 
 Publisher, W W Morgan Jun., Office of THE CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE, 
 17 Medina Road, Hollo way, London, N.
 
 THE STAUNTON CHESSMEN. 
 
 The following are the opinions expressed upon the STAUXTON CHESSMEN by the leading journals of the diy : 
 
 " A set of Chessmen of a pattern combining elegance and solidity to a degree hitherto unknown, has 
 recently appeared under the auspices of the celebrated player, Mr. STAUNTON. A guiding principle has 
 been to give by their form a signification to the various Pieces thns the King is represented by a crown, 
 the Qaeen by a coronet, &c. The Pieces generally are fashioned with convenience to the hand ; and it 
 is to be remarked that while there is so great an accession to elegance of form, it is not attained at the 
 expense of practical utility. Mr. STAUNTON'S pattern adopts but elevates the conventional form ; and 
 the base of the Pieces being of a large diameter, they are more steady than in ordinary sets." Times, 
 
 " A new set of Chessmen has recently appeared under the auspices of Mr. STAUXTON, who, observing 
 their manifest superiority over the old figures in ordinary use, not only as works of art, but in the more 
 practical necessities of convenience, has vouchsafed the guarantee of his name and recommendation. 
 Those who have been in the habit of playing the game will remember the awkward and inelegant 
 structure of the generality of the shapes which have been in vogn.9. No artistic feeling until now 
 has ever been brought to bear upon the formation of a pattern which should satisfy the eye both on the 
 score of elegance and propriety." . . Standard. 
 
 No. B d 
 
 000 Ebony and Boxwood, in polished Mahogany box, velvet lined 15 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 00 Ebony au.I BJXWOO;], largo size, in polished Mahogany box, velvet lined - - - 17 6 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 Ebony and Boxwood, loaded with lead, superior finished, in Mahogany case - - - 1 5 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 1 Ebony and Boxwood, loaded with lead, in ornamental Carto:ipierre Casket - - - 1 15 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 1 Ebony and Boxwood, loaded with lead, small size Club, in Mahogany case - - - 1 15 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 2 Ebony and Boxwood, loaded with lead, Club size, in strong Mahogany case - 2 5 
 
 Base of King, 2 in. diameter. 
 
 3 Finest African Ivory, in Cartonpierre Casket - - - - - - 4 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 4 Finest African Ivory, in Cartonpierre Casket, richly lined - - - - - -600 
 
 Base of King, If in. diameter. 
 
 4 Finest African Ivory, small size Club, in Cartonpierre Casket, richly lined . - 8 
 
 Base of King, 1J in. diameter. 
 
 5 Finest African Ivory, Club size, in extra large Cartonpierre Casket, richly lined - - 10 
 
 Base of King, 2 in. diameter. 
 
 5 In handsome Spanish Mahogany case, fitted in trays with divisions, lined throughout 
 
 with rich silk velvet - - -11 50 
 
 NOB. 3, 4, 4, 5, may be had in velvet-lined polished Walnut cases, with locks, at same price. 
 
 In order to guard againt fraudulent and inferior imitations of the STAUNTON CHESSMEN, the public 
 are requested to observe that each box bears the signature of Mr. Staunton. 
 
 THE STAUNTON CHESS-BOARD, 
 
 Folding Leather, richly ornamented ; in Cartonpierre, to match the Stannton Caskets. Price 2 10s. 
 
 :o: 
 
 FOLDING LEATHER CHESS BOARDS, with red and buff squares, suitable for the Staunton 
 
 Chessmen. 
 
 16 in., 6s; 18 in., 7s 6d; 20 in., 9s 9d; 22 in., 12s. 
 W. W. MORGAN Jan., 17 MEDINA ROAD, HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
 
 Chess requisites for sale by W W Morgan Jun., 17 Medina Road, Holloway, London, N 
 
 THE 
 
 This invention supplies a want felt by all Chess players. The IN STATU 
 QUO Chess-board is so contrived that the Game may at any time be discontinued, 
 and the board folded and placed in its Case without the Chessmen being 
 disturbed. For ordinary play, as well as for sea or railway use, this Board has 
 obvious advantages not possessed by any other hitherto offered to the public. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 9 inch polished mahogany board, with bone men complete, in leather case 
 
 Ditto, enclosed in leather lock case, book shape, with brass bolts to prevent the 
 
 board closing when in use, with men complete 
 Ditto, with division on the board for the captured Pieces, enclosed in leather lock 
 
 case, with bolts, &c., and men complete 
 
 Any of the above, with Ivory Chessmen, 15s per set extra. 
 
 13 inch polished mahogany board, with extra large size men, enclosed in leather 
 
 lock case 
 Ditto, with division on the board for captured Pieces, enclosed in leather lock case, 
 
 with bolts, &c. 
 
 Either of the above, with Ivory Chessmen, 20s per set extra. 
 
 1 10 
 1 15 
 200 
 
 2 10 
 
 3 15 
 
 RAILWAY CHESS BOARD. Polished mahogany, folding, with pegged men, complete, 
 Sin, 6s 6d ; 6in, 7s 6d ; Sin, 10s ; lOin, 12s ; 12in, 15s 6d ; 14in, 1 5s. 
 
 STUDENT'S CHESS BOARD. Leather, in case, with pegged men, complete, Ginch, 5s ; 
 Tin, 6s ; Sin, 7s. 
 
 TTTHITTINGTON CHESS BOARD. Polished Mahogany, with folding flaps and pegged 
 W men, complete, Sin, 14s ; 12in, 1 8s. 
 
 STAUNTON CHESSMEN. (For full particulars see last page.) 15s, 17s 6d, 1 5s, 1 15s, 
 2 5s, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11 5s per set. 
 
 ENGLISH PATTERN CHESSMEN. Rosewood and boxwood, Is 6d, 2s, 2s 6d, 3s, 3s 9d, 
 4s 6d, 5s 6d, 6s 9d and 8s 6d per set. Ebony and boxwood, superior quality i 
 French polished, 4s, 5s, 7s 6d, ]0s 6d, 15s and 18s 6d per set. 
 
 T71DINBORO' CLUB PATTERN CHESSMEN. Ebony and boxwood, French polished, 10s, 
 Fj 12s 6d, 15s and 18s 6d per set. Solid Ivory, in best box, 3 7s 6d per set. 
 
 DUBLIN PATTERN CHESSMEN. Ebony and boxwood, French polished, 10s, 12s 6d, 15s 
 and 18s 6d per set. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S CLUB PATTERN CHESSMEN. Ebony and boxwood, French polished, 
 1 5s, ditto, loaded, 1 10s, ditto, ditto, largest size, 1 16s per set. 
 
 BONE CHESSMEN. 3s, 4s, 5s, 7s, 8s 6d and 10s per set ; handsomely carved, 15s 6d and 
 1 Is per set ; improved pattern, solid bone, 7s 6d, 10s 6d and 15s 6d per set. 
 
 CHESS BOARDS. 
 
 MAHOGANY. 
 Polished rosewood and holly squares. 
 
 Superior quality 
 Best quality 
 
 16in 18in 
 s d a d 
 8 10 6 
 
 20in 
 
 s d 
 
 12 6 
 
 22in 
 s d 
 
 24in 
 s d 
 
 16 19 22 25 28 
 
 ROSEWOOD. Best polished Club Boards, 24 inch, 1 16s each. 
 
 FOLDING LEATHER BOARDS. 
 Black and White squares. 
 
 Ordinary quality, on wood 
 Superior quality, on wood 
 Best quality, on millboard 
 
 Red and White squares. 
 
 Ordinary quality, on wood 
 Superior quality, on wood 
 Best quality, on milboard 
 
 lOin 
 
 12in 
 
 14in 
 
 IGin 
 
 18in 
 
 20in 
 
 s d 
 
 s d 
 
 s a 
 
 s d 
 
 s d 
 
 s d 
 
 1 G 
 1 9 
 3 
 
 1 9 
 2 3 
 3 6 
 
 2 
 2 6 
 4 3 
 
 2 3 
 3 
 4 9 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 
 G 
 
 4 6 
 5 3 
 8 G 
 
 9 G 
 
 1 9 
 
 2 3 
 8 9 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 
 5 3 
 
 3 
 3 6 
 G 
 
 4 
 4 9 
 7 
 
 5 3 
 
 6 G 
 ( J 9
 
 DKAUGHTSMEN. Wood, 9d and Is per set ; hardwood, Is, Is 3d and Is 6d per set ; ebony 
 and boxwood, ivory pattern, polished, Is 6d, 2s and 2s 6d per set ; ditto, best 
 quality, polished, 3s, 3s 6d and 4s per set ; ebony and boxwood, ditto, turned 
 edge, 3s 6d, 4s and 4s 6d per set ; bone draughtsmen, 5s, 6s 6d and 8s 6d per 
 set ; ivory draughtsmen, 1 7s, 1 lls 6d and 2 2s per set. W W Morgan Jun., 
 17 Medina Eoad, Holloway, London, N. 
 
 SPECIAL BAEGAIN. 
 
 VOLS. VI. VII. VIII. 
 
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 TEN SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE. 
 
 Neatly bound in three volumes, as good as new. Sent to any part of the United- 
 
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 The three volumes contain upwards of five hundred and forty Problems ; three 
 hundred and thirty Games, annotated by John Wisker, J H Zukertort, and others ; 
 the Chess News of the time (May 1873 to April 1876 inclusive) ; Chess Articles, 
 Analyses, &c.; Whist; Dramatic Notes, &c., &c. 
 
 W W MORGAN JUN., 17 Medina Road, Holloway, London, N. 
 
 STEINITZ & BLACKBUBNE, 
 
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 ANNOTATED BY W STEINITZ. PRICE ONE SHILLING, 
 Post free from W W Morgan jun., 17 Medina Road, Holloway, London, N
 
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 1867 
 
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 examples of intricate combination, illustrated 
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 Souvenir of the Bristol Chess Club; con- 
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 Stamma, Phillip. The noble Game of Chess ; 
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 Studies of Chess : containing Caissa, a Poem, 
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 Vielle, C. Methode pour apprendre seul la 
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 Walker, George. Chess made easy; being a 
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 THE 
 
 BRITISH CHESS MAGAZINE. 
 
 EDITED BY JOHN WATKINSON, 
 
 WITH THE CO-OPEEATION OF 
 
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 W T PIERCE, 
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