UC-NRLF 
 
OF 
 
 UJUVER? 
 
 or 
 
 2EYSICS 
 
THE INFLUENCE 
 
 OF A 
 
 MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA 
 OF IRON AND TITANIUM 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR S. KING 
 
 WASHINGTON, I). C. 
 PUBLISHED BY THE/ CARNEGIE INSTITUTION- OF 
 
THE INFLUENCE 
 
 OF A 
 
 MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA 
 OF IRON AND TITANIUM 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR S. KING 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE/ CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON 
 
 1912 
 
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON 
 
 PUBLICATION No. 153 
 
 PAPERS OF THE MOUNT WILSON SOLAR OBSERVATORY, VOL. II, PART I 
 GEORGE K. HALE, Director 
 
 PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
QCL75 
 
 PHYSICS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION i 
 
 THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. 
 
 1. GENERAL . : 3 
 
 2. POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN ZEEMAN SEPARATION AND PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT 5 
 
 3. FORMER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON 7 
 
 4. FORMER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM 8 
 
 APPARATUS AND METHODS. 
 
 i. SPARK APPARATUS 9 
 
 3. THE ELECTRO-MAGNET n 
 
 3. THE SPECTROGRAPH 13 
 
 4. PHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS 16 
 
 5. MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELD 16 
 
 6. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND REDUCTION 17 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 
 
 1. WAVE-LENGTHS 19 
 
 2. INTENSITY .19 
 
 3. CHARACTER OF SEPARATION 19 
 
 4. WEIGHT 20 
 
 5. VALUES OF AX 21 
 
 6. VALUES OF AX/X 2 21 
 
 TABLE i, MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON 22 
 
 TABLE 2, MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM 35 
 
 TYPES OF SEPARATION. 
 
 1. UNAFFECTED LINES 44 
 
 2. TRIPLETS 44 
 
 3. QUADRUPLETS 45 
 
 4. QUINTUPLETS 45 
 
 5. SEXTUPLETS . 45 
 
 6. SEPTUPLETS 46 
 
 7. OCTUPLETS 46 
 
 8. NONETS 46 
 
 9. MORE COMPLEX TYPES 46 
 
 RELATION OF SEPARATIONS TO THE NORMAL INTERVAL. 
 
 1. SUMMARIES FOR VARIOUS TYPES 47 
 
 2. DISCUSSION OF RELATIONS TO NORMAL INTERVAL 49 
 
 POSSIBLE RELATIONS BETWEEN LINES AS INDICATED BY THE ZEEMAN EFFECT 50 
 
 CASES OF DISSYMMETRY 51 
 
 LAW OF CHANGE OF THE AVERAGE SEPARATION OF THE ^-COMPONENTS WITH THE WAVE-LENGTH S3 
 
 THE EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD UPON ENHANCED LINES 54 
 
 COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS FOR THE ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT 56 
 
 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 64 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 65 
 
 iii 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The investigation of which an account is given in the following pages was carried out during the year 
 1910 in the Pasadena laboratory of the Solar Observatory. The object was to obtain as complete data as 
 possible concerning the influence of a magnetic field on the spectra of iron and titanium through a con- 
 siderable range of wave-length, and to present this in such form as would be useful for reference in con- 
 nection with questions concerning the effect of a magnetic field on the spectrum lines, such as those arising 
 in investigations on sun-spots, as well as for comparison with the known phenomena of the Zeeman effect for 
 spectra other than those of iron and titanium. The tables are designed to give an accurate description 
 of all lines between \37oo and X 6700, so far as it has been possible to photograph them. The measure- 
 ments of magnetic separations for each spectrum through this range show clearly the degree in which 
 the separation changes with the wave-length. The complex types as well as the simpler are studied with 
 reference to the prevalence of a fundamental interval between the components. Numerous cases are 
 noted of the recurrence of certain types of separation, and while the search for series relations in these 
 many-lined spectra has not proved fruitful, the descriptions of the type of separation show whether 
 certain lines are possibly connected, or whether they unquestionably arise from different radiating par- 
 ticles. A few cases of dissymmetry among components are given in the tables. It has been possible, 
 by reason of the large amount of material collected, to make a detailed comparison between the Zeeman 
 separation and the displacement of lines produced by pressure around a light source, and it is shown to 
 what degree a correspondence exists. The reproductions of spectra which are given are of selected regions 
 showing the various types of magnetic separation and the behavior of groups of lines which are of special 
 interest in other investigations on these spectra. 
 
 The desirability of making the material as complete as possible has necessitated photographing 
 the weaker lines in these two spectra so far as they were obtainable, a condition which has added to the 
 labor and altered to some extent the experimental methods that would have been used for the stronger 
 lines alone. The tables for titanium contain all but the weakest of those lines given in the regular lists 
 of arc and spark lines. As much can not be claimed for iron, however, as numerous lines, fairly strong 
 in the arc, are not brought out by the spark in the magnetic field even with an exposure of many hours. 
 This is especially true of lines of diffuse appearance, which are particularly numerous in the iron 
 spectrum. 
 
 The results of a number of investigations on the Zeeman effect for certain parts of the iron spectrum 
 have been published, and will be spoken of in the historical summary to follow. These are fragmentary, 
 however, with some discordances, and it is believed that there is little real duplication in the present 
 paper, even for those parts of the spectrum which have been treated to some extent by others. 
 
THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. 
 
 i. GENERAL. 
 
 It is not the purpose of the author to give here in any detail the development of the theory of the 
 Zeeman effect or to summarize at length the many investigations which have led to the present state 
 of knowledge regarding the phenomenon. Several such accounts have appeared in publications which 
 are usually accessible. Among these may be mentioned the memoir of Cotton (i)* (1899), the chapter 
 by Runge in Kayser's Handbuch der Spectroscopie (2) (1902), the detailed discussion by Voigt (3) (1908) 
 in connection with the related optical phenomena, and the brief treatment by Lorentz (4) (1909) in his 
 Columbia Lectures. Of these the second is by far the most complete, covering fully the historical devel- 
 opment, methods of investigation, and the theory and spectroscopic results contained in the literature 
 up to that time. For the purposes of the present paper, we shall consider the points in the theory which 
 apply closely to the results of this investigation, and summarize the work of other investigators in so 
 far as their results relate directly to those of the present research. 
 
 The later work on the Zeeman phenomenon has been concerned largely with the study of complex and 
 unusual types of separation. It was shown during the earlier investigations by Zeeman (5) , Michelson (6), 
 Preston (7), Cornu (8), Becquerel and Deslandres (9), (10), Ames, Earhart and Reese ("), Reese (12) , and 
 Kent (13) that a large proportion of the spectrum lines of any of the elements that have been examined 
 are split into more than three components. This involved an extension of the original theory of Lorentz, 
 which satisfactorily explained the triplet separation, in which two components are given by the light 
 vibrations in a plane perpendicular to the lines of magnetic force, these showing respectively a right- 
 handed and a left-handed circular polarization, and a central component by the light vibrations paral- 
 lel to the magnetic force-lines. Since the phenomenon in its simplest form justified taking the electron 
 theory as the basis of all conceptions of the action of the magnetic field upon spectra, a series of investi- 
 gations, among which those of Lorentz (14), Larmor (15), Voigt (16), and Robb (17) may be mentioned, have 
 greatly extended the mathematical theory, both for radiation in general and for the explanation of the 
 more complex forms of magnetic separation. Voigt and Robb have based their theory on the idea of 
 mutually connected systems of electrons, and have thus been able to account for many of the more com- 
 plicated types of Zeeman separation. However, both the nature of the connections and the way the 
 magnetic field effects such systems are but imperfectly explained. 
 
 The proportionality of separation of components to field-strength has been worked on by Reese ("), 
 Kent ( 13) , Runge and Paschen (18), Farber ( 19) , Weiss and Cotton (20), Paschen ( 21) , and Stettenheimer (22), 
 and established to a very close approximation. The law enunciated by Preston (23 ) that the character of 
 separation and distance between components (measured in terms of change of vibration frequency) is the 
 same for corresponding lines in the series of Balmer, Rydberg, and Kayser and Runge has been investigated 
 by Reese (12), Kent (13), Runge and Paschen (24), Runge and Precht (25), Miller (26), and Lohmann (27). 
 The last two have found some exceptions, though Runge and Paschen observed very close agreement for 
 the series lines of a number of elements. This relation has frequently been used, recently by Moore (28) , 
 in an attempt to find series among spectra containing many lines. 
 
 There has been considerable work in recent years on the commensurability of the separations of 
 spectrum lines, that is, on the existence of a fundamental interval of which the separations of all com- 
 plex lines are multiples, and on the extent to which this applies to the separations of triplets in which 
 
 * Numbers in parentheses indicate references to the literature on p. 65. 
 
4 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 there is always a great diversity for the lines of the same element. As this point will receive a good deal 
 of attention in the consideration of the results for the spectra of iron and titanium, it may be well to go 
 briefly into this portion of the theory. 
 
 If the Zeeman phenomenon were in full accord with the simplest form of the electron theory as given 
 by Lorentz, all lines would show the separation of the "normal triplet," in which the distance of each 
 side component from the central line would be given by the relation 
 
 e HX 2 
 AX= 
 
 m 4-irv 
 
 where e/m is the ratio of charge to mass of the electron, H the field-strength, and v the velocity of light. 
 This is derived (*a) from the fact that the change of period of the light producing one side com- 
 ponent is eH/2tn in 2ir seconds, or eH/4irm vibrations in one second. The number of vibrations per 
 second is n=v/\. The change of frequency is then 
 
 , vd\ eH 
 dn===- 
 
 X 47TWI 
 
 from which 
 
 e HX 2 
 
 AX= 
 
 m 4irv 
 
 If v be expressed in centimeters per second, the change in frequency per cm length is 
 
 AX ^ e H 
 X J m 4 
 
 The factor e/m is here expressed in electro-magnetic units. This value of AX/X 2 for a given field deter- 
 mines the separation of the side components of the "normal triplet" from the central line, and a con- 
 siderable number of lines in a spectrum will usually give a value of e/m in close agreement with that 
 obtained for cathode rays. The separation of the majority of triplets, however, differs from the normal 
 type, though sometimes by even multiples. This means either that there are real differences in the values 
 of e/m for different negative electrons, or that the relation derived from the elementary theory is not 
 sufficiently general. Lorentz inclines to the latter view (40). In discussing this question, Voigt (30) 
 observes that it is by no means certain that the field acting upon a given electron is the same as that 
 which we measure by one of our regular methods. The field due to the movement of charged parts of 
 the molecule itself must be recognized as possibly superposed on the external field due to the magnet. 
 
 The elementary theory does not provide for the more complicated types of separation, nor does any 
 extension so far worked out cover them satisfactorily. However, an examination of the results of Runge 
 and Paschen (18) (24) for several elements and of Lohmann (27) for the spectrum of neon (with the 
 echelon spectroscope) enabled Runge (g) to enunciate the following: 
 
 Die bisher beobachteten komplizicrten Zerlegungen von Spektrallinien im magnetischen Felde zeigen die folgende Eigentiim- 
 lichkeit: Die Abstande der Komponenten von der Mitte sind Vielfache eines aliquoten Teil des normalen Abstiindes 
 
 _AX^g H 
 X 2 m 4^v 
 Sicher beobachtet sind bisher die Teile a/2, 0/3, 0/4, 0/5, a/6, 0/7, a/n, 0/12. 
 
 This work of Runge is regarded by Voigt as showing that the internal field acting on the electron can 
 have little effect, that the electrons within the molecule have the same value of e/m as that of cathode rays. 
 
 Such a relation between the separation for individual lines and that of the normal triplet is of high 
 interest when applied to spectra containing many lines. It has been examined by Moore (28) for the spectra 
 of barium, yttrium, zirconium, osmium, and thorium, and relations similar to those observed by Runge 
 have been obtained. The objection can be raised to this method that, by choosing small fractions of the 
 interval a and correspondingly large multiples, the difference between the calculated and observed values 
 
THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. 5 
 
 can be made as small as we please and brought within the errors of measurement. Runge gives a cri- 
 terion as to how far it is allowable to go in such calculations. This question of commensurability will 
 receive attention in the following study of the iron and titanium spectra. 
 
 Dissymmetry in the separation and in the intensity of components on the red and violet sides has 
 been observed many times in Zeeman investigations. Voigt (3*) arrived at the conclusion that light 
 observed at right angles to the force-lines should give a triplet whose red component is slightly closer to 
 the central line and stronger than the violet component. Observations by Zeeman (30) on the iron 
 spectrum gave a number of cases where such a dissymmetry seemed to exist. Reese (12) also found triplets 
 and lines of higher separation for several elements which appeared to show the effect. More recently 
 a series of papers has been published by Zeeman (31) comparing the mercury triplets A 5770 and \57gi 
 by various optical methods. The latter line is distinctly shown to have its red component nearer the 
 central line than is the violet component, while A 5770 remains perfectly symmetrical. The amount of 
 dissymmetry appeared to vary as the square of the field-strength. This confirmed a measurement made 
 about the same time by Gmelin (32) with the echelon grating. A dissymmetry of this sort is always small 
 and difficult of detection. Large dissymmetries are to be classified as abnormal separations. A few lines 
 of such a character occur in the iron and titanium spectra, which will be noted later. Lines of very pro- 
 nounced dissymmetry were measured by Jack (33) in the spectra of tungsten and molybdenum. Chromium 
 also shows a great number of unsymmetrical separations. Some striking cases were observed by Dufour (34) , 
 and many others have been photographed in this laboratory. The theory of coupled electrons, by which 
 Voigt (35) has sought to explain complex separations in general, allows for the occurrence of such dissym- 
 metries. 
 
 The magnetic separation of absorption lines, or the "inverse Zeeman effect," has been investigated 
 by a number of observers, as a rule for only a few lines. In such experiments white light is passed through 
 the vapor of a luminous source placed between the poles of a magnet. It was shown by Konig (36) and 
 Cotton (37) that there is a full correspondence between the effects of the magnetic field for both emission 
 and absorption lines. The splitting of lines in the spectra of sun-spots observed by Hale (38) was thus 
 proved to be due to the action of magnetism by comparing the Zeeman effect for the same lines as pro- 
 duced in the laboratory. The peculiarities in separations of sun-spot lines can thus be studied, as is being 
 done in this laboratory and by Zeeman and Winawer (39) in their investigation of special polarization 
 effects for absorption lines, especially when the light passes at different angles to the magnetic force-lines. 
 
 2. POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN ZEEMAN SEPARATION AND PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 A preliminary paper on this subject has been published by the author (40). In the discussion of the 
 present results material will be offered for an extended study to test the hypothesis of a direct connection 
 between the Zeeman effect and the pressure displacement for spectrum lines. That such a relation exists 
 has been strongly advocated by Humphreys (4 ) in a series of papers which have been summarized (4) by 
 him, together with all other pressure investigations up to the year 1908. Humphreys's hypothesis, briefly 
 stated, is that the part of the atom to which the light impulse is due is a ring of electrons, rotating with 
 a period of the order of the light vibration. Each of the electron rings will then set up a magnetic field 
 of its own. The luminous gas will be in a condition of minimum potential energy when the planes of 
 the rings are parallel and the electrons revolving in the same direction. We must, however, in view of 
 the Zeeman effect, consider that different rings may rotate in opposite directions, and assume merely 
 that the regular condition is a rotation of the electrons in orbits approximately circular, with a tendency 
 for the planes of these to become parallel. The effect of pressure in the surrounding medium will be to 
 bring the rings closer together, thereby altering their mutual induction. If two rings rotating in the same 
 direction are made to approach, the current in each ring will decrease, which means a retardation of the 
 rotating electrons and an increase of period in the corresponding light vibration, resulting in a shift of 
 the spectrum lines toward the red. 
 
6 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 If rings of opposite rotation are forced closer together, their motion will be accelerated, resulting 
 in a shift of the spectrum lines to the violet. Assuming that both directions of rotation are present for 
 electrons producing each spectrum line, the general result will be a widening of all lines as the pressure 
 increases, with a prevailing shift of the maximum of each line toward the red. This last is due to the 
 fact that the condensing action of the pressure on rings rotating in the same direction is assisted by the 
 effort of these rings to get into the strongest part of their mutual field; while for oppositely rotating 
 rings the approach is opposed by the magnetic action, so that on the whole the retardation of the period 
 for a given line is greater than the acceleration, and the line, while being widened toward both red and 
 violet, has its maximum intensity moved toward the red. 
 
 Another theory, by Richardson (43), opposes the connection of pressure displacement with Zeeman 
 effect. Instead of basing his reasoning on magnetic perturbations, Richardson considers the electron 
 as an oscillator which sets up an alternating electrostatic field in its neighborhood. This field would 
 produce forced vibrations in the electrons belonging to neighboring atoms, an effect increased by pres- 
 sure in the medium. The electric field produced by the forced vibrations would then react on that of 
 the radiating electrons. The mathematical development gives a change of wave-length proportional to 
 the pressure and toward the red. Worked out numerically with the available data, the electrostatic 
 resonance theory requires values for the pressure displacement many times greater than those observed 
 experimentally. A modified conception of the equilibrium conditions might account for this discrepancy. 
 
 Richardson objects to Humphreys's theory largely on the ground that the magnetic disturbances 
 of period would be far too small to account for the observed displacements of lines unless the magnetic 
 field for any atom is greater than that corresponding to saturated iron, which Richardson holds to be 
 an upper limit. This is replied to by Humphreys in a later paper (41*, in which he questions the right to 
 base the possible magnetic intensity of iron atoms upon the properties of iron in large masses, since the 
 permeability and saturation point depend upon many factors of composition and physical condition. 
 Going farther, Humphreys considers an ideal electron ring and deduces an expression for the change of 
 rotation frequency brought about by an external magnetic field H, such as that due to a neighboring 
 electron ring. This is found to give an expression for the change of wave-length AX in the ether vibra- 
 tions of original wave-length X which reduces to AX/HX 2 =C, a constant, which is Preston's law for the 
 Zeeman phenomenon, indicating that the ideal electron ring is very similar in structure to the actual 
 radiating particle. If this similarity be admitted, Humphreys is justified in his next step, which is the 
 substitution of known values in the expression for the change of wave-length of ether vibrations pro- 
 duced by a change in the period of the electron ring. This gives a field-intensity for the rotating ring 
 of 45 X io 7 , which is about ten thousand times that of the strongest fields used in spectroscopic work. 
 The change in mutual induction by pressing together electron rings having fields of this magnitude may 
 be expected to give shifts of spectrum lines of the order of those measured. 
 
 A third theory is that presented by Larmor (44), who treats the electron as a Hertzian doublet in a field 
 of electric force. This field would be altered by any change in the distribution of material particles in 
 the medium such as would result from increased pressure. A molecule approaching a vibrating electron 
 would decrease the rigidity of the ether at that point. A lowering of the ether strain would tend to increase 
 the period of the electron, and it is shown that this might give displacements of the magnitude observed 
 for spectrum lines. A note by Humphreys (4'c) points out that several consequences of Larmor's theory 
 agree only to a limited degree with observed facts, although his claim that Larmor's equations should 
 give the amount of displacement inversely proportional to the wave-length is incorrect. 
 
 The interacting magnetic atoms of Humphreys seem to provide a very plausible theory, but experi- 
 mental data have been lacking to show the probability of a connection between the effects of pressure 
 and magnetic field on spectrum lines. Humphreys considers that, in general, lines of large Zeeman 
 separation are strongly displaced by pressure, but admits that there is scanty material on which to 
 
THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. 7 
 
 base this conclusion. The refusal of banded spectra, notably that of carbon, to show either Zeeman effect 
 or displacement has often been cited as probably resulting from a connection between the two phenom- 
 ena, and interesting developments on this point have recently been presented. Dufour (45) obtained 
 Zeeman separations for the component lines of the band spectra of the chlorides and fluorides of the 
 alkaline earths, the magnitude of separation being about the same as for line spectra. A short time 
 after, Rossi (46) selected three of these, the fluorides of calcium, strontium, and barium, and obtained 
 distinct pressure shifts for the bands, the shift being of the same order as for line spectra. Comparing 
 his results with those of Dufour, Rossi did not find any general relation between the magnitude of 
 the two effects. Numerous investigations on the Zeeman effect for banded spectra have been made 
 during the past two years, part of which are summarized by Dufour (47), but corresponding results 
 for pressure have not been obtained. 
 
 A detailed comparison of Zeeman separation and pressure displacement for the line spectra of iron 
 and titanium will be made in the present paper. 
 
 3. FORMER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 
 Passing to special investigations on the iron spectrum in which the magnetic separations for certain 
 lines have been described and measured, the first to be mentioned is that of Becquerel and Deslandres (9). 
 In this, 10 lines are given from \^&2i to X3&73, most of them of complex separation. Shortly after, 
 these writers used a stronger field and covered a larger region. This publication (10) gives no measure- 
 ments, being confined to a description of a few interesting types of lines. 
 
 A note by Ames, Earhart, and Reese (") speaks of the general characteristics of the iron lines between 
 \35oo and X 4400, with special mention of the type of separation for a few lines. Reese (n) gives measure- 
 ments of the separation for 23 of the stronger lines in this region, the source being a carbon spark with 
 iron as an impurity. Kent (13) continued the investigation with better equipment, measuring about 90 
 iron lines between X 3550 and X 4550. Special attention was paid to a number of complex lines. Reese 
 had observed that the lines on his plates could be classified as to amount of separation in about the same 
 way that they were classified as to pressure displacement. Kent, with more material available for com- 
 parison, found that this relation was not verified. 
 
 The paper by Zeeman (30) was concerned chiefly with the question of a dissymmetry of the side compo- 
 nents of triplets, as measured from the central line. Hartmann (48) investigated the structure of a num- 
 ber of iron lines with the echelon spectroscope. He did not, however, obtain as good resolution of com- 
 plex types as was given by the grating method in the present investigation. The most extensive set of 
 measurements thus far published on the iron spectrum is given in the thesis of Mrs. van Bilderbeek (49) . 
 These are from photographs made with a concave grating for a magnetic field of 32,040 gausses. Measure- 
 ments are given for 137 lines between X 2382 andX452g. Of these lines 55 (40 per cent) are to the violet 
 of the region covered by my photographs; the others are the stronger lines among those given in my 
 tables, and have been of great service in determining the field-strength. As will be noted later, there is 
 an excellent agreement between the two sets of measures for all lines whose components are sharp enough 
 to give measurements of high weight. Besides checking my standard field, the agreement between Mrs. 
 van Bilderbeek's field-value and that which I had obtained by other methods supports the contention 
 in her paper that the field-strengths published by Kent and by Hartmann are both low. 
 
 It will thus be seen that several investigations of special regions have been carried out for the iron 
 spectrum with regard to the Zeeman effect. The region covered, however, has not extended beyond 
 about X 4500, with the exception of a few lines in the green examined by Hartmann, leaving nearly three- 
 fourths of the range included in this paper as new territory. For the region from X37oo to X45oo, which 
 has been covered to some extent by others, the previous investigators have measured only the stronger 
 lines, the description of the character of separation is usually brief or lacking, and the complex separa- 
 
8 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 tions are but incompletely considered. The range of spectrum covered previously has not been sufficient 
 to draw any conclusions regarding the variation of separation with wave-length, the comparison with 
 pressure effects and other changes of physical condition has not been carried out, and no application 
 has been made of Runge's rule for the commensurability of the distances between components. These 
 points will be handled in the present paper as fully as the material will permit.* 
 
 4. FORMER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 
 A set of measurements was published by Purvis (50) for many of the stronger lines of titanium from 
 \28oo to XSOQO. The majority of these are in the ultra-violet, 86 lines being measured in the region 
 covered by my tables. Three violet triplets were measured by Reese (). A former paper by the author(s') 
 gave descriptions and measurements for 291 lines between \39oo and X66oo. These were made from 
 the first set of plates taken in this laboratory, the first and second orders of the i3-foot (4 m) spectro- 
 graph being used, with a field of 12,500 gausses. The data for the present paper were compiled from a 
 much more extensive set of plates, taken with higher dispersion and stronger field, the gain in all points 
 being so great that these measures may be taken as superseding the previous ones. A still earlier paper 
 by the author ( s) gave preliminary measures of some titanium and iron lines in a discussion of the charac- 
 ter of their separation in the laboratory as compared to that observed in sun-spot spectra. 
 
 * Note added January, 1912: A dissertation by Immina Maria Graftdijk on Magnelische Splilsing van ket Nikkei- en Kobalt- 
 Spectrum en van het Ijzer-Speclrum (Amsterdam, 1911) has just been received. Measurements are given for 38 of the stronger iron 
 lines between A 4300 and /". 6500 for a field of 32,040 gausses. The measured separations of triplet lines agree in general very closely 
 with those presented in this paper. The only notable discrepancies are for a few complex lines where a large difference in field 
 necessarily alters the appearance of the components which are measured. 
 
APPARATUS AND METHODS, 
 i. SPARK APPARATUS. 
 
 The source of light used in all of the work was a spark discharge from a 5-kw transformer made 
 according to special design by the Peerless Electric Company, of Warren, Ohio. The coils of this trans- 
 former are immersed in the best moisture-free oil and contained in a cylindrical iron tank 83 cm in diameter 
 and 125 cm high. The primary and secondary leads are passed through the flat top of the transformer, 
 on which is a large knife switch for the regulation of the secondary voltage. The bar of this switch forms 
 the radius of a circle, one end being pivoted, while the other end fits into any one of a series of jaws along 
 the circumference of the circle. The connections with the transformer coils are such that the secondary 
 voltage may be 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 times the impressed primary voltage, according to which 
 jaw the bar of the switch is fitted into. Thus with 100 volts on the primary the secondary voltage is 
 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, or 64,000, according to the connection. The use of a rheostat 
 in the primary circuit to regulate the impressed voltage will obviously give any secondary potential 
 desired up to 64,000 volts. The adjustable rheostat used is one capable of carrying heavy currents con- 
 tinuously. It is composed of sheets of tin cut into strips i cm wide by cutting almost across the sheet 
 first from one side and then from the other. The sheets of strips thus made are mounted vertically against 
 strips of asbestos fastened to a wooden frame, the distance between successive sheets being sufficient 
 to provide air circulation for cooling. Copper wires soldered to the tin strips at the proper intervals 
 lead to knife switches on the top of the rheostat frame. Various combinations of these switches place 
 parts of the tin resistance in series or parallel, and permit the resistance to be reduced by short steps 
 until all is out. One switch may be connected to an external resistance, thus allowing the latter to be 
 connected in series with any part of the tin resistance for fine adjustment of the rheostat. A bank of 
 twenty-four 32-cp incandescent lamps in parallel is usually used in this branch. 
 
 The primary current is supplied at about 104 volts from one side of the three-phase connection of a 
 1 5-kw transformer. This transformer and one similar to it are mounted in the transformer room of the 
 laboratory, fed by 2200 volts from the lines of the Southern California Edison Company, and are used 
 together to supply the 2o8-volt three-phase current for the D.C. motor-generator set which furnishes 
 current to the electro-magnet. 
 
 Two glass-plate condensers were used for the spark circuit during the series of experiments. The 
 more efficient one, used in taking the later photographs, is built up of 16 sheets of plate glass, of area 
 61 X 66 cm, and thickness 5.5 to 6.0 mm, laid horizontally in a strong, copper-lined wooden tank. 
 Between the glass plates and at the top and bottom of the pile are sheets of copper, 17 in number, each 
 0.9 mm in thickness and with an area of 3330 sq cm, one side of each sheet having a tongue 2.5 cm long 
 projecting beyond the glass plates for the connection, while the plates immediately above and below are 
 cut away so as not to reduce the insulation at this point. Around the other three sides the copper is 
 cut so as to come 2.5 cm inside the edge of the glass plates. This arrangement, together with the form 
 in which the copper is cut on the fourth side where the tongues project, insures a distance of 5.7 cm 
 along the glass from the edge of one copper plate to the edge of the next. The condenser plates are sepa- 
 rated from the copper lining of the tank by a wood flooring 2.5 cm thick and held in place by a wooden 
 box inside the tank. A thick copper wire is soldered to each of the tongues coming from the copper plates 
 and the other end of the wire connected to a binding post set in a plate of fiber extending across the width 
 of the tank, 7.5 cm below the top. This fiber plate was at first placed level with the top, as shown in the 
 photograph of the laboratory (Plate I). This condenser is entirely immersed in the best transformer oil, 
 which fills the tank up to about 5 mm above the fiber plate, thus insulating the condenser plates and also 
 
 9 
 
10 
 
 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 the binding posts, the screw tops of the latter projecting from the oil to receive the wires connecting them 
 in any desired combination to the discharge circuit, so that the whole or any part of the condenser may 
 be used. An adjustable spark-gap between the nearer binding posts on each side protects the condenser 
 against too long a spark in the circuit which might cause the glass to be punctured. Connecting wires 
 from the two central binding posts are inclosed in thick glass tubes which pass through a second fiber 
 plate directly above the first and level with the top of the tank to the high tension wires supported by 
 glass insulators and extending across the laboratory below the ceiling. A wooden cover fits into the top 
 of the tank and protects all parts of the condenser from dust. The leads from the transformer pass to 
 the overhead wires and other leads drop down to any piece of apparatus under the wires, so that the 
 heavy condenser can remain permanently in its place. 
 
 In addition to the condenser, the circuit from the transformer contains a self-induction spool and 
 spark gap in series with the spark under observation. Several self-induction coils are available, but the 
 one regularly used consists of 207 turns of insulated copper 
 wire wound on a wooden cylinder 132 cm long and 13 cm 
 in diameter. A sliding contact may be moved to any point 
 along the spool so as to include any desired portion of the 
 self-induction. 
 
 The terminals for the spark on which the magnetic 
 field acts require different handling according as the sub- 
 stance under examination is magnetic or not. In the 
 experiments with titanium, small pieces of the substance 
 known as "cast titanium," obtained from Eimer and 
 Amend of New York, were held in small brass clamps, the 
 vertical rods of which passed through larger horizontal 
 brass pieces set in a thick piece of fiber, through the 
 middle of which a brass rod passed and fitted into a 
 clamp, movable up and down on a support attached to 
 the base of the electro-magnet. 
 
 When iron terminals were used it was necessary that 
 they be held rigidly in place on account of the attraction 
 of the magnet. In all cases small cylinders of Norway 
 iron were screwed on the end of brass rods. The size of 
 the iron tips varied somewhat according to the kind of 
 spark desired and the width of the magnetic gap used. 
 Those most generally used with a strong field were 3.5 mm in diameter and about 10 mm long. In the 
 earlier work the iron-tipped brass rods were held in a hard-wood frame composed of two vertical rings 
 held apart by four horizontal pieces. The wooden rings fitted over the magnet core, against the face of 
 each coil, while the brass rods passed with some friction through two of the horizontal wood pieces at 
 opposite ends of the diameter of the rings. A better holder for iron terminals was devised later. This is 
 shown in Fig. i and is a modification of that used for non-magnetic substances, the parts being much 
 more rigid. The rod of 6 mm diameter to which the iron tip is screwed passes through a square brass 
 rod 16 mm in thickness, having a saw-cut from the hole out to the end. A screw at right angles to this 
 saw-cut, worked with a bar, serves to clamp the rod so firmly that the magnet does not move it. As 
 the column supporting the holder is screwed to the base of the magnet, all parts could be clamped so 
 firmly that the iron tips were held exactly in place. 
 
 The spark length for both iron and titanium was usually short on account of the proximity of the 
 magnet poles and the tendency of the spark to jump to these. With iron terminals, particles were given 
 
APPARATUS AND METHODS. I I 
 
 off rapidly by the strong transformer discharge and it was necessary to clean these off every few minutes 
 and also to file off the oxide from the iron tip. Titanium terminals wore away rapidly, owing to disin- 
 tegration of the metal, and the oxide also needed to be removed frequently if the brightest discharge was 
 to be obtained. The short spark gap necessitated an auxiliary gap in series, as otherwise the discharge 
 was not sufficiently disruptive to avoid melting the terminals. This auxiliary gap was a simple affair 
 of brass mounted on fiber. 
 
 When using the spark, the various parts of the secondary circuit, as well as the step-up connection 
 and the current in the primary, were adjusted to give the sort of spark desired. In this investigation 
 self-induction has been used in the spark circuit somewhat sparingly, since on the majority of the photo- 
 graphs it was necessary to obtain the fainter lines of sufficient strength for accurate measurement. Self- 
 induction in the spark circuit sharpens the Zeeman components in about the same degree that it sharpens 
 the lines of the regular spark spectrum, but the brightness of the spark is greatly diminished at the same 
 time, an effect only partially due to the decrease in intensity of the enhanced lines. The weaker lines as 
 a whole, especially the faint and diffuse lines of iron, are so reduced by self-induction that very long 
 exposures are required to bring them out. A compromise must be made, since in exposures running 
 many hours, especially for more than one day, there is risk of instrumental disturbances. The method 
 followed was to use the spark with rather high self-induction for one or more photographs of any region 
 containing strong lines, and especially enhanced lines, for which moderate exposure time was sufficient, 
 then to use small self-induction for photographs in which as many of the weak lines as possible were 
 desired. The loss of sharpness in such cases was counteracted as far as possible by the use of a narrow 
 slit and by selecting the kind of plate and developer which would give the sharpest definition and at the 
 same time show the lines. 
 
 2. THE ELECTRO-MAGNET. 
 
 This apparatus is of the Du Bois half-ring type, made by Hartmann and Braun of Frankfort. It is 
 shown (in its present state, after being rewound) in the photograph of the laboratory (Plate I). The 
 coils, as used until recently, were each wound with 1250 turns of No. 9 wire (diameter =3.0 mm). They 
 are clamped to a horizontal iron base which completes the magnetic circuit. The magnetic gap is varied 
 by moving the coils upon this base, which is itself supported by three legs on an iron plate. A hole in 
 the center of this plate fits over a pivot in the middle of a round iron table, the ends of the plate resting 
 on a planed ring which forms the rim of the table. The magnet can thus be turned in any desired direc- 
 tion by rotating the base-plate upon the planed ring of the table. The magnet rests upon a cement pier 
 60 cm square and 82 cm high. The core of each magnet coil is pierced by a horizontal hole 17.5 mm in 
 diameter for the transmission of light along the lines of magnetic force. These holes are filled with cylin- 
 drical iron rods when such an axial opening is not needed. 
 
 A variety of pole-pieces was used for the magnet according to the way in which the spark terminals 
 were arranged and the directions in which the light was to be taken. Into each vertical face of the magnet 
 core is screwed the first section of the pole-piece, a truncated cone of soft iron 16.5 mm thick, whose 
 double angle is 1 1 2. The small end of this cone is a circular plane surface 39 mm in diameter. To this 
 circular face was fastened a pole tip of one of the following forms, each of which has a double angle equal 
 to that of the truncated cone just described. 
 
 (a) For the observation of the light from the iron spark parallel to the lines of force, the magnet 
 poles themselves were used as spark terminals in some of the earlier experiments. In this arrangement 
 the faces of the tips were circular, of 6 mm diameter. One pole was left solid and the other pierced with 
 a hole 3 mm in diameter, the spark being viewed through the tubular hole in the core. The pole-tips 
 were each insulated from the core by mica plates and held in place by fiber screws. The method gave 
 trouble, not only from the occasional breaking down of the insulation, but from the fact that the spark 
 did not stay in front of the hole in the pole-piece. It had the advantage, however, that the field was not 
 affected by the introduction of extra iron as spark terminals. 
 
I 2 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 (6) A stronger light from the spark was obtained for observation along the axis by not insulating the 
 pole-tips, using one solid and the other pierced as in (a), with the spark between iron tips at the ends 
 of brass rods held vertically between the magnet poles by means of a wooden frame or the brass and fiber 
 holder described on p. 10. Titanium terminals were held in the simple clamp described above. This 
 worked well for getting the "longitudinal effect" (w-component) without the introduction of a Nicol 
 prism in the optical system. Such an end-on arrangement is of course necessary for the study of the 
 circular polarization of Zeeman components. However, for general work in measuring the separation 
 of components, this method has the disadvantage that there is a considerable increase of field-intensity 
 close to the magnet poles, amounting with some gaps to 25 per cent, as well as an inequality at the two 
 poles resulting from one of them being pierced, so that the sharpness of the Zeeman components is not 
 all that could be wished. 
 
 (c) The most useful method, and that used (with varying shapes of the pole-tips) for almost all of 
 the best observations, was to set the magnet at right angles to the direction at which the light was 
 observed, use both pole-pieces solid, and separate the light by means of a Nicol prism over the slit into that 
 vibrating in a plane at right angles to the magnetic force-lines, or parallel to these. This arrangement 
 made it possible to photograph successively the Zeeman components given respectively by vibrations 
 perpendicular and parallel to the force-lines by turning the Nicol prism through 90, leaving the magnet 
 unchanged. Furthermore, by projecting the image so that only the h'ght from that part of the spark 
 midway between the magnet pole-pieces falls upon the slit of the spectrograph, the FIQ 
 
 change of field near the pole-pieces does not disturb the definition of the Zeeman com- 
 ponents. Even if the slit is long enough so that parts of the image come from regions 
 of different field-strength, the spectrograph, not being astigmatic, shows merely a 
 wider separation toward the ends of the components, the sharpness not being affected, 
 so' that accurate measurements may be made by selecting the narrowest portion of the 
 separation. 
 
 Three forms of magnet pole-tips were used with this arrangement. In the first, 
 the conical tips ended in circular faces 6 mm in diameter. This was used for most of 
 the work on iron and for the earlier work on titanium. With titanium, however, the 
 pieces of metal were irregular in shape and often rather large, so that with a short 
 magnetic gap it was difficult to bring the terminals close enough together to avoid sparking to the 
 magnet pole-pieces. The later and best set of titanium plates was taken with pole-pieces somewhat 
 chisel-shaped, made by milling out opposite sides of a conical tip of 12 mm face to a thickness of 1.5 mm. 
 The thin ends were then placed parallel to each other and in a line with the beam of light passing to the 
 slit. This gave a very uniform field for the light of the thick spark, part of the vapor of which might 
 otherwise have gotten into weak portions of the field. Probably the best design is a modification of that 
 just described, in which the chisel edge was left 3 mm in thickness and 12 mm long, and not so deeply 
 milled as before. This form of tip gave a very strong field and a gap of 6 mm could be used without diffi- 
 culty. The drawing in Fig. 2 shows this design, with which a number of the later iron spectra were taken. 
 
 A current of 10 to 12 amperes from a 1 2. s-kw generator was generally used for the magnet circuit. 
 15 amperes could be used for runs of two or three hours, but the magnet rapidly became heated. This 
 current was almost sufficient to saturate the core and a larger current gave but a small increase of field. 
 The heating of the core by long-continued runs, even at 10 amperes, was considerable in warm weather, 
 when the two electric fans used to blow the sparks, and which also played on the magnet, exerted little 
 cooling effect. Almost at the close of this investigation a very efficient means of cooling the core was 
 devised. Injuries to the insulation of the wire made it necessary to rewind both magnet coils. When 
 the cores were laid bare, a spiral of soft copper tubing of 6 mm outside diameter and 4 mm bore was 
 wound around each core next to the iron. Strips of "sooo-volt linen" were wound over the spiral as 
 
APPARATUS AND METHODS. 
 
 insulating material, the face-plates at the ends of the coil being protected by ebonite sheets, and 1300 
 turns of wire were wound on each coil, the extra 100 turns on the two coils more than compensating for 
 the magnetic leakage caused by introducing the copper spiral. 
 With a stream of water flowing through the spiral, the core remains 
 perfectly cool and a current of 14 amperes may be used without 
 serious heating of the wire. This improvement has given an 
 increase of field of about 25 per cent over what could previously 
 be used for long runs with the same magnetic gap. 
 
 The current is controlled by means of two Ruhstrat sliding 
 resistances in parallel and is read to o.i ampere by a Weston 
 millivoltmeter with shunt used as an ammeter. 
 
 3. THE SPECTROGRAPH. 
 
 The spectrograph which was used in this investigation was 
 described briefly in the general account of the Pasadena labora- 
 tory published in 1908 (53). It is of the Littrow or autocollimating 
 type, placed vertically in a well 30 feet (9.1 m) deep. The design 
 of this spectrograph was worked out during the early solar inves- 
 tigations on Mount Wilson and the first instrument in the obser- 
 vatory equipment was made by Wilh'am Gaertner of Chicago, and 
 has been in use for over three years as a part of the 6o-foot tower 
 telescope on Mount Wilson. A description was published in 
 Contributions from the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory (54) . When 
 the physical laboratory in Pasadena was equipped in 1908, an 
 exact duplicate of the mountain spectrograph was obtained from 
 Gaertner, with the addition of holders for lens and plane grating 
 to give a focal length of 13 feet (4 m) when desired, as well as 
 the full focal length of 30 feet (9.1 m). 
 
 The details of the mounting of the spectrograph can be seen 
 from the drawing in Fig. 3 and from the photograph of the upper 
 end (Plate II). The well is made water-proof with a h'ning of 
 brick, several layers of tarred building paper, and cement plaster, 
 the dimensions being 30 feet (9.1 m) below the floor of the labora- 
 tory and 8.5 feet (2.6 m) in diameter. Since the well was thor- 
 oughly dried out, no moisture has appeared to come through the 
 walls. The cover of the well is of reinforced concrete, with two 
 openings. A circular opening at the east side is inclosed by a 
 cement ring 70 cm high and no cm outside diameter, which 
 supports the metal top of the spectrograph. Entrance to the 
 well is provided for by an opening at the south side closed by a 
 wooden cover, from which a vertical iron ladder leads to the 
 bottom. Attached to the iron ladder is a stout wood platform, at 
 such height that the parts of the spectrograph for the 13 feet 
 (4 m) focus can be conveniently adjusted. 
 
 The spectrograph consists essentially of a skeleton steel frame 
 50 cm square, at the top of which is a circular cast-iron plate on which is the slit and holder for the 
 photographic plate, while below, the objectives and gratings are supported in the steel frame at the 
 
14 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 proper levels for the focal lengths desired. The weight of the frame is supported by a concrete pier 
 placed at the bottom of the well. This pier carries an iron plate with a spherical cavity, into which 
 fits a lubricated hemisphere on the lower end of the spectrograph frame. The iron plate at the upper 
 end of the instrument fits loosely inside a circular iron casting imbedded in the concrete ring already 
 described. The whole spectrograph turns easily about a vertical axis by means of a gear and pinion in 
 the outer casting. A simple clamping device holds the instrument against accidental turning when in use. 
 
 The slit of the spectrograph, 51 mm long, is placed on the end of a brass tube sliding within another 
 tube attached to the iron top. The divided head regulating the width of slit is graduated to read 0.025 mm - 
 For strong light sources, a slit width of 0.075 mm was regularly used. When the 30-foot arrangement 
 is in use, the light passes from the slit to an 8-inch (20.3 cm) visually corrected objective by Brashear, 
 which lies horizontally in a holder capable of being moved vertically for focusing by turning a rod pass- 
 ing to the top of the spectrograph and rotated by a hand-wheel. A metal box to hold a plane grating 
 is just below the lens. A rod, geared to the grating box and passing above to a second wheel at the 
 top of the instrument, permits the rotation of the grating about a horizontal axis to obtain the order 
 or region of spectrum desired. Scales which show the position of the lens and the inclination of the grat- 
 ing can be read by a small telescope at the top of the instrument when illuminated by incandescent 
 lamps turned on from above. The light reflected by the grating passes again through the lens and the 
 spectrum is brought to a focus above, the middle of the photographic plate lying in the same plane as 
 the slit. The holder carrying the plate rests in an iron frame supported at its center so that by tilting 
 the plate-holder good focus can usually be obtained over the whole of the plate, which is 17 inches (43 cm) 
 long and 3.62 inches (9.2 cm) wide. The plate-holder can also be moved parallel to itself by means 
 of a rack and pinion to permit the photographing of successive spectra. Two shutters, sliding horizon- 
 tally, are placed 7.5 mm below the plate and can be adjusted to shut out all light except the strip of 
 spectrum, the width of which is regulated by the.length of slit used. Light reflected from the lens sur- 
 faces would reach the plate were it not for these shutters and for the fact that a narrow bar is laid across 
 the center of the lens so as to cut off the reflected rays which would enter through the opening of the 
 shutters. With the 30-foot focal length, a slight inclination of the objective removed the reflections 
 without appreciably affecting the definition. 
 
 The arrangement of lens and grating to give the spectrograph a focal length of 13 feet (4 m) follows 
 the plan of that for the longer focus. The movements of lens and grating are regulated by the same 
 rods which control those below. The grating-holder may be moved over to the side of the steel frame 
 and the lens-holder swung back out of the way when the 30-foot arrangement is desired. 
 
 The two plane gratings used during the investigation were a Rowland grating 12.5 cm long and 9 cm 
 wide, having 568 lines to the millimeter and a Michelson grating 19 cm long by 7.2 cm wide, having 500 
 lines per mm. The former was used with the i3-foot arrangement for the majority of the plates. The 
 Michelson grating was obtained near the end of the investigation and a number of the later plates were 
 taken with this, which was adjusted for the 3o-foot focus. While longer exposure must be used with the 
 longer focus, the large scale is very desirable and the field is much flatter, so that as a rule the whole 
 length of spectrum over a 1 7-inch (43 cm) plate can be obtained in fair focus, even in the first order. 
 For very weak light-sources, however, the 13-foot arrangement often gives better results, as there may 
 be unavoidable changes in either the source or the spectrograph if the exposure is greatly prolonged. 
 
 The scales of the photographs for the two focal lengths and the several orders used in this work are 
 approximately as shown in the small table on the following page, there being a variation in the second 
 decimal place according to the part of the spectrum observed. 
 
 Other important features of the spectrograph are the occulting plate of the slit, the mirror support, 
 and the polarizing apparatus. Plate II shows the form of the occulting plate. It is of brass, dull silver- 
 plated, and supported on four pins screwed into the top of the spectrograph, so that it is entirely free 
 
APPARATUS AND METHODS. 
 
 Focus. 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 o 
 
 ANGSTROMS 
 
 PER MM. 
 
 13 foot 
 
 Second 
 
 2.05 
 
 13 foot 
 
 Third 
 
 i-35 
 
 30 foot 
 
 First 
 
 1.92 
 
 30 foot 
 
 Second 
 
 -95 
 
 30 foot 
 
 Third 
 
 0.60 
 
 30 foot 
 
 Fourth 
 
 o-45 
 
 from the slit, and about 2 mm above the latter. By moving the V-shaped opening a, by means of the 
 rack and pinion, any length of slit up to n mm may be obtained. A further movement brings the 
 double opening b, whose size may be adjusted by the sliding plate c, over the slit. By a proper setting 
 of the scale d, a double comparison spectrum can thus be placed outside that made with the opening a 
 without risk of instrumental displacement, since the plate-holder and all essential parts of the spectro- 
 graph are left untouched. 
 
 Plate II shows the arrangement of the mirror by which the light coming horizontally from any piece 
 of apparatus in the laboratory is reflected to the slit of the spectrograph. The holder for the mirror, which 
 is of plate glass 12.5 cm in diameter, silvered on its front surface, can be turned about a horizontal axis, 
 and is supported at the lower end of a brass cylinder. This cylinder 
 can either rotate or move up and down inside a stationary cylinder held 
 in position by three curved iron supports which are screwed to the top 
 of the spectrograph. The mirror may thus be placed in any position 
 necessary to direct the beam into the instrument. As the mirror can be 
 turned in any direction independently of the spectrograph, we may have 
 any desired orientation of the slit with respect to the light source, which 
 is usually out of the question with a spectrograph mounted horizontally. 
 This is a very great advantage in an instrument free from astigmatism. 
 
 For the Zeeman photographs the slit was regularly used parallel to the lines of force of the magnet. 
 In photographing arc and spark spectra in general, it is desirable to use the slit sometimes parallel, 
 sometimes perpendicular to the direction of discharge in the image projected upon it. 
 
 The Nicol prism, by which the light polarized in one plane is transmitted to the slit, is held on a metal 
 platform 3.5 cm above the slit. The Nicol prism which has been used thus far was loaned by Director 
 Stratton of the National Bureau of Standards. The diagonals of the face are 25 and 30 mm and the prism 
 is 6.5 cm long. It is held in a brass cylinder having a graduated circle by which the Nicol can be set at any 
 desired angle to the plane of polarization of the incident light. A second platform can be placed above 
 the Nicol to hold a Fresnel rhomb when this is desired for the study of circular polarization. 
 
 Since the beam passing through the Nicol is displaced parallel to itself, when the prism is rotated 90 
 to transmit the other Zeeman component the image does not remain on the slit. The image is then brought 
 back by moving the focusing lens, a simple glass lens of 58.4 cm focal length and 10 cm diameter. After 
 such a change, it was always noted whether the grating was well centered in the beam of light, which 
 usually had at least three times the diameter of the spectrograph objective. Although small movements 
 of a focusing lens of the focal length used produce very slight changes in the direction of the beam to the 
 grating, still care was taken never to move the lens when an instrumental displacement of the spectrum 
 lines could have any disturbing effect. After an exposure with the magnetic field, the only change before 
 starting the exposure for the spark without field was to move the occulting plate above the slit, so that 
 the comparison spectrum would be on each side of the spectrum taken with the field. The light source 
 thus remained unchanged in position, and all parts of the optical system as well as the photographic 
 plate were left untouched. 
 
 The spectrograph remains in adjustment for longer periods probably than with any mounting other 
 than the vertical arrangement in a well. The temperature change at the bottom of the well is entirely 
 negligible during short periods of time. A recent test showed that during three months in which tem- 
 perature variations of over 15 C were experienced in the laboratory, a thermometer placed beside the 
 grating rose very gradually from i86 to i9o C. During this time the lights were frequently turned 
 on to read the adjustment scales, and there were occasional visits by observers to the bottom of the well. 
 Mechanical vibrations are more disturbing. It has been necessary to close the driveway beside the 
 laboratory during exposures with the spectrograph, and to take care that no machinery be used which 
 would transmit a vibration to the spectrograph mounting. 
 
1 6 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 4. PHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS. 
 
 The requirements as to photographic plates in an investigation of this sort are to some extent con- 
 flicting. Speed, a fairly fine grain, good latitude, so that weak lines may be obtained without serious 
 over-exposure of the stronger ones, together with enough contrast to give sharply defined lines, are ele- 
 ments not easily combined in one plate. A number of plates have been tried, including the Lumiere 
 "Sigma," the Seed "Gilt Edge 27," "23," and "Process," the Cramer "Crown" and "Inst. Isochro- 
 matic." Each kind of plate will give superior effects for a certain type of line; but in general I have 
 obtained the best results for the work from the Seed "Gilt Edge 27" for the blue end of the spectrum as 
 far as about \46oo, and from there on into the red from the same plate bathed with the solution of pina- 
 cyanol, pinaverdol, and homocol recommended by Wallace (55). This plate is the best adapted of those 
 I have tried in regard to doing justice to all classes of lines. It is a fast plate without an objectionably 
 coarse grain. The latitude is good. In the case of lines of complex Zeeman separation, a plate with more 
 contrast will often fail to show weak components very close to stronger ones. 
 
 A properly chosen developer will sharpen the lines to a great extent, avoiding troublesome shad- 
 ing off from the central maximum. After trying several solutions, I have preferred a hydroquinone 
 developer giving strong contrast, due to Mr. Wallace, but not published so far as I know. The propor- 
 tions are as follows, using equal parts of A and B : 
 
 Solution A: Solution B: 
 
 Water. ... 48 oz. Water 48 oz. 
 
 Hydroquinone 640 grains Carbonate soda (anhydrous) I oz. 
 
 Sulphite soda (anhydrous) i oz. Carbonate potassium (anhydrous) 4 oz. 
 
 Sulphuric acid (cone.) 30 drops Bromide potassium % oz. 
 
 This developer does not stain the plates, even when warm. Development was usually carried to the 
 point where chemical fog sets in. This comes on slowly, and the solution is as efficient in bringing up 
 weak images as any I have tried. When used at 20 C a bathed plate is usually fully developed in 6 to 
 7 minutes. Some very good photographs were obtained for the region \52oo to \55oo by the use of the 
 Cramer "Inst. Isochromatic"; but it was found best to soften its contrast by the use of a metol-hydro- 
 quinone developer. For the region \48oo to ASIOO, where the "Isochromatic" is weak, as well as for 
 the whole of the orange and red, the action of the bathed "27" has been unsurpassed by any plate used 
 in these experiments. 
 
 5. MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELD. 
 
 The accurate measurement of field-strength presented some difficulties in the case of iron on account 
 of the use of metallic terminals for the spark. The field for titanium was more easily obtained, and was 
 based on direct measurements by a bismuth spiral. This instrument was obtained from Hartmann and 
 Braun, but instead of using the regular formula for temperature correction, the spiral was sent to the 
 National Bureau of Standards and there calibrated to provide a series of curves for the variation of field- 
 strength with change of resistance for temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C. When used at inter- 
 mediate temperatures the interpolation was simple. The resistance in and out of the field was measured 
 with a Kohlrausch bridge. 
 
 A set of plates of the titanium spectrum, extending over the whole region investigated, was taken 
 with the magnetic field as nearly the same as possible. All parts of the magnet were left unchanged 
 and the same current was used throughout. By check measurements with the bismuth spiral and by 
 comparison of plates which overlapped enough to measure some of the same lines on both, it appeared 
 that a field-strength of 17,500 gausses was maintained for this set with a variation no greater than 200 
 gausses. Other photographs taken to supplement the measurement of certain regions had their values 
 reduced to correspond to a field-strength of 17,500 by comparison of the separations of sharply defined lines. 
 
 For the iron spectrum it is well known that indirect methods must be used to determine the field- 
 strength, since the use of iron spark terminals distorts the field to such an extent that any object as large 
 
APPARATUS AND METHODS. I 7 
 
 as the bismuth spiral or an exploring coil for the ballistic method will not give true values for the field 
 to which the spark vapor is subjected. It may be that the iron vapor, when sufficiently dense, has an 
 appreciable permeability of its own. There is, however, no evidence on this point. 
 
 The plates for the iron spectrum were taken at intervals extending over a year, during which various 
 changes were made in the experimental arrangements which involved changes in the magnetic field. 
 However, a considerable region in the blue and violet was photographed with the same field, and the pub- 
 lication of Mrs. van Bilderbeek (49) gave an opportunity to make a comparison with her values. In her 
 work some photographs were taken using a spark with one iron and one zinc terminal, thus obtaining the 
 zinc triplet X 4680.3 17, as well as some iron lines in that region. Weiss and Cotton (20) by a series of very 
 careful measurements obtained the relation AX/HX 2 = 1.875 x IO 4 f r the separation of the outer compo- 
 nents of this triplet, from which Mrs. van Bilderbeek deduced the value 32,040 gausses for the standard 
 field which she used when iron terminals alone were employed. I was able to select from my list 33 lines 
 between the limits X37oo and X44OO, which are also given in Mrs. van Bilderbeek's table, in nearly all 
 cases clear triplets, for which my measurements are of high weight. The ratio between Mrs. van Bilder- 
 beek's values and mine for these lines was in every case very close to 2, the greatest deviation being given 
 by the value 2.14. The mean ratio for the lines is 2.01, giving a value of 15,940 gausses for the field used 
 by me in photographing the iron spectrum. This is in very satisfactory agreement with a value which 
 I had already determined by photographing the strong line X 4383. 7 20 as given by a spark between car- 
 bon terminals on which a little iron solution was placed in a field measured by the bismuth spiral as 
 17,600, and comparing the separation with that of the components of the same line very sharply 
 photographed with iron terminals used in the standard field. Exactly the same value was given by com- 
 paring the separation of X 4383. 7 20 in two photographs, one with iron poles, the other in which the line 
 came up as an impurity in a titanium photograph taken with the standard titanium field of 17,500. 
 Assuming that the value of the field for iron was established by the other measurements, this last test 
 gave an excellent check on the standard field for titanium, which would otherwise depend on the meas- 
 urement with the bismuth spiral. It would seem then that the value of 16,000 gausses can be safely 
 taken for the standard iron field with an error less than i per cent. A considerable number of photo- 
 graphs for both iron and titanium were made with fields close to 20,000 gausses, sometimes slightly 
 higher, but the measurements were reduced to correspond to fields of 16,000 and 17,500, respectively. 
 
 A similar system of checking field-strengths was applied for the region to the red of X44oo. A spark 
 was used with one terminal of iron and the other of brass. Two photographs were taken in which the 
 zinc triplet X 4680.3 1 7 appeared as well as a number of iron lines, among them the wide and sharp 
 triplet X4878.407. Using the value of Weiss and Cotton, the field-strength for the measured separation 
 of this iron line (20,360 gausses for AX= 1.389 A) was deduced. Spark terminals of the same kind with 
 all parts of the magnet unchanged were then used for a series of photographs covering the iron spec- 
 trum as far as X67oo. The field was thus kept as nearly constant as possible, and by comparing the 
 separations of iron lines with this known field with those on former plates taken with various fields it was 
 possible to reduce all values for the iron spectrum to the standard field of 16,000. 
 
 6. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND REDUCTION. 
 
 The measurement of the earlier plates was carried out by Miss Wickham, while the later plates were 
 measured by Miss Griffin. The machine used was a small Gaertner comparator having a range of 8 cm, 
 the divided head reading to o.ooi mm. The process of measurement included the identification of lines, 
 the determination of the reduction factor for the portion of the plate under examination and the measure- 
 ment of the separation of the Zeeman components. 
 
 Various tables were used in the identification of lines. For the iron spectrum the tables of Kayser 
 and Runge (56) for the iron arc were supplemented by those of Exner and Haschek (57) for the spark, 
 
1 8 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 also by the list of enhanced lines given by Lockyer (58) and by plates of the arc and spark spectra of iron 
 taken in this laboratory. For the titanium spectrum the tables and charts of Hasselberg (59) were use- 
 ful as far as X 5900. This was supplemented for the red end by the measures of arc lines by Fiebig (60) . 
 The spark tables of Exner and Haschek and of Lockyer were used as for iron. The identifications of 
 solar lines in Rowland's Tables are in most cases so close to the values in the tables of arc and spark 
 spectra that there is no doubt of the correspondence of the lines. The wave-lengths given in this 
 publication are entirely on the Rowland system. 
 
 The chart of the iron arc spectrum by Buisson and Fabry (61) was of great assistance in the approxi- 
 mate identification of lines, the scale being almost the same as that of my plates taken in the third order 
 with the i3-foot focal length. In addition to using this chart for the iron spectrum, it served also for 
 titanium when used in conjunction with a set of plates which I made of the spectra of the titanium spark 
 and iron arc side by side. 
 
 The definitive identification of lines was in the usual way by measurement from neighboring lines 
 whose identity was certain. On account of the incompleteness of the general tables of spectra for the 
 red region, a few lines are entered in my titanium table which may belong to other substances. Some 
 of these, in all probability, are lines given stronger in the spark than in the arc, which explains their 
 absence from Fiebig's list. The doubtful origin of such lines is indicated in the column headed "Remarks." 
 
 The spectrum given by the plane grating spectrograph not being quite normal, the reduction factor 
 of the plate, expressed in Angstrom units per millimeter, was determined at intervals usually of 2 to 3 cm. 
 The change in the factor between successive determinations was thus almost always less than 5 in the 
 third decimal place. This factor was multiplied by the distance in millimeters between the Zeeman 
 components, which was the mean of at least four differential measurements taken alternately right and 
 left, setting first on one, then on the other of the components whose separation was desired. The accu- 
 racy of setting on first-class lines was usually well within 0.005 mm - From such lines there are all grada- 
 tions up to those for which the measurements recorded can be taken only as indicating the order of mag- 
 nitude of the separation. Frequently a line has its components on one side blended with those of an 
 adjacent line. In such a case it is usually possible to make a more or less accurate measurement of half 
 the separation by measuring from the clear component to the no-field line which was always photo- 
 graphed in juxtaposition. The accuracy of measurement will be discussed further in the explanation 
 of the tables when the weight of measurements is considered. 
 
 After measurement by a member of the Computing Division each plate was carefully gone over by 
 the author. In this examination the identification of lines was checked, the character of the separation 
 and weight of the measurement as determined by the quality of the line were decided upon, and many 
 check measurements with the machine were made, including all measures for determination of the mag- 
 netic field by a comparison of the separation of lines on different plates. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES, 
 i. WAVE-LENGTHS. 
 
 The wave-lengths given in the first column are on the Rowland system. The methods of identifi- 
 cation and the tables used have been treated in the preceding section. 
 
 2. INTENSITY. 
 
 This column is intended to give an approximate value of the intensity of the lines in the spark spec- 
 trum. The numbers are taken (with occasional modifications) from the tables of Exner and Haschek 
 for the spark spectrum as far as X47oo, beyond which the intensities were estimated on the same scale 
 from my plates. Weak lines are graded " i " on this scale, but there is considerable variation in the strength 
 of lines which are given this value. For the purposes of this paper, this grading of intensities is sufficient. 
 
 3. CHARACTER OF SEPARATION. 
 
 In this column is described the type of separation of each line when the n- and ^-components* are 
 combined, as is the case when the light of the spark is observed at right angles to the magnetic force- 
 lines without Nicol or other apparatus to separate the light vibrating in the two directions. Thus in 
 the reproductions the two portions of each spectrum showing the effect of the magnetic field should be 
 superposed to give the appearance of the line as described in this column. 
 
 The description gives the best judgment of the type of separation that can be made from the photo- 
 graphs. It must be considered in connection with the measured separation and widening of components 
 given in the columns for AX of the n- and ^-components, and is usually made clear by these. Frequently 
 a supplementary remark is needed in the case of complex lines. 
 
 A line designated as triple has its one p- and two w-components of sufficient sharpness to give no indi- 
 cation that any of them are compound. Since the Zeeman components follow to some extent the general 
 character of the spectrum line, when a line is itself wide and diffuse, its components may be simple and 
 still not so sharp as those of lines which do not tend to diffuseness. The proximity of the no-field line on 
 the plate aids in the judgment of such cases, but some of them are uncertain at the best. The tendency 
 of some lines to reverse is very disturbing in this connection, since it is very difficult to obtain such lines 
 with really sharp components. Several iron lines between \37oo and \39OO, which give wide reversals 
 in the arc and spark between iron terminals, can be made to show the Zeeman components also reversed, 
 by the use of a strongly condensed spark, so that a triplet appears as a sextuplet. To decide such cases 
 it was necessary to make special photographs, using much self-induction and also with carbon terminals 
 containing a little iron. The titanium photographs were also useful in this connection, since the titanium 
 used contained enough iron to give the stronger iron lines which appear with sharp components under 
 such conditions. 
 
 The interrogation point is very freely used to indicate that the line is probably of the character given, 
 though not clearly shown to be so on the plates. The reason for doubt is usually given in the columns 
 for AX. Thus "triple?" means that the /^-component is slightly widened so that it may not be simple, 
 but still the widening may be explained by the strength of the component or by the fact that the line 
 
 * n and p are used throughout this paper as abbreviations of "normal" and "parallel." n denotes the Zeeman components 
 given by light vibrations in a plane at right angles to the lines of magnetic force, and p those given by vibrations parallel to the force- 
 lines. The symbols correspond to the letters s and p regularly used in German publications. 
 
 19 
 
20 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 itself is slightly diffuse, which may account for the lack of sharpness in the components. "Quadruple?" 
 means that the two w-components are fairly sharp, but the /(-component is probably double. A doubtful 
 quintuplet will usually have five components measurable, with indications that others are possibly present. 
 Doubtful sextuplets are very common. As a rule such a line has its two w-components widened so that 
 there are probably two pairs, while the /(-component is either distinctly double, or unresolved and con- 
 siderably widened. The decision between doubtful sextuplets and septuplets is frequently difficult and 
 often quite uncertain. The /(-component in such cases is not resolved, but the character of its widening 
 will often show whether it is double or triple. A widening with strong central maximum means usually 
 three /(-components, but there may be five. Such a line, if it has two widened w-components, is classed 
 as a probable septuplet. Octuplets and lines of higher separation are classified in a similar way, the widen- 
 ing given in the two AX columns, together with the remarks, showing in what respect the given char- 
 acter may be doubtful. Lines whose w-components are " fringed ' ' are difficult to classify. Such ' ' fringes ' ' 
 indicate very close, unresolved components, and these may be numerous. A field double that available 
 here would probably show the full structure. Many lines were fully resolved by a field of 20,000 which 
 had to be described as "fringed" for a field of 16,000. The degree of widening due to the fringes is given 
 in the AX column and a remark tells whether the fringes are toward the center or outwards. The number 
 of components is estimated as closely as possible from the width of the fringes, but when the structure 
 is very complex, an interrogation point is used without any attempt to give the number of components. 
 Although the doubtful elements which have been mentioned come into the estimates as to the char- 
 acter of lines, the large number of plates from which the material was taken gave an opportunity to study 
 each line under various conditions of intensity and degree of separation, so that the classification as to 
 character is probably as accurate as can be made without very much greater field-strength combined 
 with as high resolving power as was here used. 
 
 4. WEIGHT. 
 
 Under this heading, each line for which measurement was possible is given the weight 3, 2, or i, 
 according as the quality of the Zeeman components for measurement is good, fair, or poor. This grading 
 should be of much service in any use which is made of these tables. In attempts which the author has 
 made to compare his measurements with those of others, the discordances were nearly always found to 
 occur in the case of lines of such character that one or both sets of measurements were poor. If lines 
 of high weight in each set are compared, a good check on the observations is obtained. 
 
 Lines of weight 3 have sharply defined components, and for such lines measurements of the same 
 plate by different observers or different sets by the same observer usually give differences in the third 
 decimal place only, while for many lines of this class the probable error is not greater than two or three 
 thousandths of an Angstrom. Only lines of weight 3 should be used in comparisons of field-strength. 
 
 Lines are weighted 2, when the line is reasonably strong, because the components are widened and 
 probably compound, fringed, or perhaps single and poorly defined for some reason, so that the measure- 
 ment is not so close as for lines weighted 3. Measurements of weight 2 have usually a probable error 
 not greater than 10 per cent and may be used for quantitative comparisons where a high degree of pre- 
 cision is not required. When a component is measured from the no-field line, it is never weighted higher 
 than 2. A line whose components are uniformly widened, each consisting of two or more components 
 of about equal intensity, gives a better measurement than a line whose components are fringed, since 
 in the latter case photographic conditions affect the distinctness of the maximum of each shaded com- 
 ponent, this maximum being the part measured. 
 
 Weight i is given to lines which are very faint, much disturbed by blends, or of such complex struc- 
 ture that the components are extremely diffuse. The error of measurement for such lines may be large 
 and the three decimal places are entered only for the sake of uniformity. However, the figures given 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 2 I 
 
 show whether the line is to be classed as having small, medium, or large separation, and for this reason 
 the inclusion of such lines is justified. 
 
 When measurements are given for both the n- and the ^-components, the weight for each is given, 
 separated by a comma. In case only the p-component is measured, a dash before the comma indicates 
 the omission of the weight for the w-component. 
 
 5. VALUES OF AX. 
 
 The fifth and sixth columns of the tables contain the separation in Angstrom units of the components 
 given by light vibrating respectively perpendicular and parallel to the lines of magnetic force. (See 
 foot-note, p. 19.) When there is an even number of components for the same polarization, measurements 
 are made between the members of each pair which presents itself. A single value in one of these columns 
 means that one pair of components is present. When there are two or more pairs, the largest separa- 
 tion is given first, but the innermost pair is designated "Pair I." When there is an odd number of com- 
 ponents, any outer ones that may appear are measured from the central component, instead of being 
 treated as pairs, and the values are listed beginning with the outermost on the violet side, the presence 
 of a central component being indicated by o.ooo. No attempt is made to give the relative intensity of 
 the n- and ^-components, as this depends largely upon the optical system. However, if there are more 
 than two components for the same polarization, the relative intensity of the pairs (or of each component 
 when there is an odd number) is given in parentheses after the value of the separation. 
 
 If either AX column is blank for a certain line, this indicates that a single, sharp component appears 
 for this polarization. Thus for all clear triplets, the ^-component column is blank. If, however, the 
 ^-component is unresolved, but widened so as to indicate that a higher field would separate it into two 
 or more, the letter "w" with subscript i, 2, or 3 is used to show the degree of widening. Components 
 marked "w 2 " or "w 3 " as a rule are certainly compound. A slight widening, which probably means more 
 than one component, is indicated by "w u " but this may in some cases result from the diffuse character 
 of the no-field line. 
 
 There are many cases, especially in the w-component column, where a measurement is given, followed 
 by "w" with a subscript. This means that a pair is measured, but each member of the pair is widened and 
 probably compound. If the widening is uniform, there are probably two or more components of equal 
 intensity. If the constituents of the widened component are of different intensity the component is 
 shaded toward one side. Such a line has the degree of widening given and in addition is denoted in 
 the "Remarks" column as "fringed" when each component shades off from the center, or as having 
 "inner fringes" when the shading is toward the center. 
 
 The letters "n.m." indicate that a separation exists but is not measurable, usually by reason of the 
 faintness of the components. In such cases it is possible, as a rule, to tell the character of the separation 
 with fair certainty and the line is included on this account. Thus a faint but sharp ^-component com- 
 bined with traces of two sharp w-components is given as a triplet. The designation "n.m.w." is used 
 when the components are hazy as well as faint. 
 
 6. VALUES OF AX/X 2 . 
 
 Since in most points relating to the theory of the Zeeman phenomenon, the values of AX/X 2 rather 
 than of AX are considered (p. 4), the former quantity is entered in the seventh and eighth columns, 
 the positions of the numbers in the column being the same as that of the corresponding values of AX. 
 When X is in Angstrom units, the values given for AX/X 2 are to be multiplied by icr 8 . 
 
2 2 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 
 
 g 
 
 en 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A' 
 
 V 
 
 AX 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 HH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 ^-COMP. 
 
 K-COMP. 
 
 p-COMF. 
 
 
 36^0 663 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 176 
 
 
 I . 314 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wl 
 
 I 3O7 
 
 
 
 3670.240 
 
 2676 4<J7 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 7, 
 
 0.26lWl 
 
 o 236 
 
 W2 
 
 1.938 
 I .746 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 i o6< 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 3677.764 
 
 7670 OO2 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 0.167 
 o 268 
 
 
 1.234 
 i .980 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 3680 . 069 
 3682 2.82 
 
 3 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 3,3 
 
 2 
 
 . 296 W2 
 
 O 23O 
 
 O.III 
 
 2.186 
 i .696 
 
 0.820 
 
 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 3 C7Q 
 
 
 ;z-comps. have inner fringes 
 
 3684 2?8 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 7, 
 
 O I7O 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 2<C2 
 
 
 />-comps. almost resolved 
 
 3686 141 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O I94 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 1.428 
 
 
 n- and />-comps. diffuse 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 286 
 
 
 
 3689.614 
 3690.870 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 ? 
 
 2,1 
 2,1 
 
 0.373 Wi 
 . 268 Wi 
 
 0.097 
 0.096 
 
 2-739 
 1.967 
 
 2 23? 
 
 0.712 
 0.705 
 
 H-comps. fringed. Probably 4 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 />-comps. blended 
 
 3697-567 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 ? 
 
 -,I 
 
 2 
 
 n.m. Ws 
 
 0-345 
 
 I 723 
 
 2.522 
 
 w-comps. very diffuse. Probably 
 more than 4 
 H-comps. fringed. Probably 4 
 
 3702 . 170 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 2.1 1; 
 
 
 2 2o8 
 
 
 />-comps. blended 
 
 
 
 Triple' 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 428 
 
 
 
 37O3 062 
 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 3704 603 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 7 
 
 O 3IO 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 324 
 
 
 
 3705.708 
 
 3707.186 
 3707.959 
 3708 068 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 8 or 10 
 comps. 
 Quadruple 
 Quadruple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,3 
 
 2,1 
 2,1 
 2 
 
 . 294 W2 
 
 0,282 
 0.627 
 
 O 3 I < Wi 
 
 0.147 
 
 0.250 
 0.306 
 
 Wi 
 
 2. 141 
 
 2.052 
 
 4.560 
 2 2QI 
 
 1.070 
 
 1.819 
 
 2.225 
 
 Probably 3 pairs n-comps. May 
 be 2 pairs p-comps. 
 
 Blend with 3708.068 
 -comps. fringed 
 
 3709.389 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O 3.12 
 
 
 2 268 
 
 
 
 37 1 1 ^64 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 i i;68 
 
 
 
 3716.054 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 Quadruple 
 
 1,1 
 
 0.290 
 
 0.146 
 
 2.100 
 2 8?3 
 
 1-057 
 
 
 37I8.5S4 
 
 I 
 
 Quintuple? 
 
 1,1 
 
 ' -* y4 , , 
 
 0.271 (i) 
 
 o ooo (2) 
 
 0.286 
 
 1.960 
 
 O OOO 
 
 2.068 
 
 Unsymmetrical. Probably 3 n-, 
 2 p-comps. Red H-comp. not 
 
 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 measurable. Red />-comp. half 
 
 372O.O84 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 268 
 
 
 I 076 
 
 
 as strong as violet 
 All comps. may be compound. 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 
 Line reverses readily and 
 comps. are never sharp 
 Faint in spark 
 
 2722 O7I 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 02O 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 3722.729 
 
 4 
 
 12 comps. 
 
 2,2 
 
 Pair IV, 0.415 (2) 
 Pair III, 0.311 (3) 
 Pair II o 2ii (3) 
 
 Pair II, 0.195 (5) 
 Pair I, n.m. (i) 
 
 2.994 
 
 2.244 
 I <22 
 
 1.407 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3724. <26 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 84? 
 
 
 
 ?727 . 778 
 
 5 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 318 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 2 288 
 
 
 -comps have inner fringes. 
 
 27-10 ^34 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 4<I 
 
 
 Probably 3 p-comps. 
 Blend with faint lines 
 
 3731 .093 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o 176 
 
 
 I . 264 
 
 
 
 777.2 <AZ 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 7. 
 
 
 
 2 86< 
 
 
 
 3733-469 
 
 3 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.157 (2) 
 
 0.322 
 
 1.127 
 
 2.3II 
 
 
 3735-014 
 3735-485 
 3737-281 
 
 3738.454 
 3743-508 
 
 10 
 
 i 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 Triple 
 Octuple 
 
 2 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.158(2) 
 0.310 
 
 0.472 wi 
 0.254 wi 
 
 0.207 
 0.208 (4) 
 0.104 (2) 
 o.ooo (2) 
 0.112 (a) 
 0.213 (s) 
 
 0.166 
 
 W2 
 0.107 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 o. 106 (2) 
 
 1-134 
 
 2.222 
 3-384 
 
 1.818 
 
 1.481 
 1.484 
 0.742 
 o.ooo 
 
 0-799 
 1.520 
 
 I.I9O 
 
 0.763 
 O.OOO 
 
 0.756 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 p-comps. 
 
 Comps. of faint line to red (com- 
 puted 3743.615) are superposed 
 on central and outer red n- 
 comps. giving apparent dis- 
 symmetry. Compare 3788.046 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 x 
 
 X 
 H 
 en 
 
 5 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 i 
 
 IX 
 
 A> 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 M 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 ^>-COMP 
 
 
 3744.251 
 
 I 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 1,1 
 
 O.4OI W2 
 
 0.283 (i) 
 
 o ooo (i) 
 
 2.861 
 
 2.018 
 
 Probably 4 -comps. Apparent- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.415 (i) 
 
 
 
 Dare 3747 
 
 3745.717 
 
 i; 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O. 228 Wl 
 
 W2 
 
 1.624 
 
 
 w-comps fringed. Probably 3 
 
 3746.058 
 3747-065 
 
 I 
 
 Unaffected 
 Septuple? 
 
 1,1 
 
 0.413 w 2 
 
 0.306 (i) 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 2.941 
 
 2.l8o 
 
 p-comps. 
 Apparently same type as 3744. 
 
 3748.408 
 
 4 
 
 9 comps.? 
 
 2 
 
 Pair III, 0.316 (4) 
 
 0-341 (i) 
 
 W3 
 
 2.250 
 
 2.429 
 
 Probably 3 ^-comps. almost 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair II, 0.226 (3) 
 
 
 1 .609 
 
 
 resolved 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, o 101 (i) 
 
 
 
 
 
 3749.049 
 
 I 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 o . 240 wi 
 
 W 2 
 
 1.708 
 
 
 
 3749.631 
 
 10 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.289 
 
 
 2 .055 
 
 
 
 3753.732 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.395 
 
 
 2 8oa 
 
 
 
 3756.213 
 
 j 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.300 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.126 
 
 
 
 3757.081 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o. 197 
 
 Wl 
 
 i 306 
 
 
 
 3757-597 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.388 
 
 
 2.747 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 3758.375 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.269 
 
 
 .00? 
 
 
 f 
 
 3760.196 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.235 
 
 
 .662 
 
 
 
 3760.679 
 
 I 
 
 Quintuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.146 (i) 
 
 W2 
 
 .032 
 
 
 -comp. appears as unsymmet- 
 
 
 
 
 
 o.ooo (i) 
 
 
 o ooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o. 179 (i) 
 
 
 26<; 
 
 
 blend 
 
 3763.945 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.218 
 
 
 n8 
 
 
 
 3765.689 
 
 i, 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.228 
 
 
 .608 
 
 
 
 3767-34I 
 3768.173 
 
 5 
 
 T 
 
 Unaffected 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.600 
 
 
 4 22S 
 
 
 
 3770.446 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 191 
 
 
 I . 24. -2 
 
 
 
 3773-803 
 3774-971 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Unaffected 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,1 
 
 Pair II, 0.545 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.274 (i) 
 
 0.240 
 
 3.824 
 i .922 
 
 1.684 
 
 />-comps. faint 
 
 3776.600 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.229 
 
 Wi 
 
 i . 605 
 
 
 
 3777-593 
 3778.652 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.344 
 
 n.m. 
 
 2 .408 
 
 
 Very faint. Wide separation of 
 p-comp. 
 
 3779.569 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.277 
 
 
 I Q38 
 
 
 
 3781.330 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Many comps. n diffuse Not 
 
 3786.092 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.220 
 
 
 I. "^ 
 
 
 resolved 
 
 3786.314 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m.W2 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 
 3786.820 
 3788.046 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 Unaffected 
 Octuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.214 (4) 
 0.108 (2) 
 o.ooo (i) 
 o.ni (2) 
 
 O. Ill (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 O.lOg W 
 
 1.491 
 
 0-753 
 o.ooo 
 
 O 774. 
 
 0.774 
 
 o.ooo 
 0.760 
 
 Magnetic duplicate of 3743.508 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.219 (4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 3790.238 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O. 164 \V2 
 
 W2 
 
 I 142 
 
 
 
 3794.485 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 197 
 
 
 
 
 
 3795.147 
 
 1 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.325 
 
 W2 
 
 2 2<C7 
 
 
 
 3797.659 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.261 
 
 
 I 809 
 
 
 Probably 3 p-comps. 
 
 3798.655 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.326 
 
 
 2 2<CO 
 
 
 
 3799.693 
 
 ] 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.326 
 
 
 2 258 
 
 
 
 3801.820 
 
 I 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 i 
 
 0.190 
 
 W2 
 
 I ^14 
 
 
 
 3805.486 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 204 
 
 
 
 
 
 3806.865 
 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.226 
 
 
 I ^0 
 
 
 
 3807.681 
 
 3808.423 
 3808.873 
 3810.901 
 3813.100 
 
 3813-781 
 3814.671 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 7 or 9 
 comps. 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Septuple? 
 
 Triple 
 Quintuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 1,1 
 
 O.IlS W3 
 
 0.227 
 0.288 
 0.255 
 o . 203 Wi 
 
 0.266 
 
 ? 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0.182 (i) 
 
 0.109 (i) 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0.100 (i) 
 
 W 2 
 
 W2 
 Wl 
 
 0.324 
 
 0.814 
 1-565 
 
 1-737 
 1-756 
 1.396 
 
 1.828 
 ? 
 o.ooo 
 1.250 
 
 0.751 
 
 0.000 
 
 0.689 
 
 2.226 
 
 Sharp inner pair of -comps. 
 measured. Wide fringes prob- 
 ably indicate 2 outer pairs 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 p-comps. 
 
 Faint. Blend makes n-comp. 
 difficult 
 
24 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 i 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 AX, 
 
 'X 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n-COMP. 
 
 p-COVP. 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 />-COMP. 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 i 8n 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 O 258 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 I . 772 
 
 
 
 7 Q T >7 7 6 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I I SO 
 
 
 Difficult 
 
 22O C86 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 282 
 
 
 I O32 
 
 
 Line reverses easily. Comps. 
 
 7821 728 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 218 
 
 
 I 4,03 
 
 
 never very sharp 
 
 7821 081 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O 141 
 
 
 o.o6c 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 2^8 
 
 
 Not given by Rowland as Fe. 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Computed X = 3824 . 463 
 
 
 g 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 
 
 W2 
 
 I 872 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 7827 080 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I C7C 
 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 7870 806 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 n m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 ci2 
 
 
 
 7877 dc8 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 716 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 248 Wi 
 
 Ws 
 
 687 
 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 266 
 
 
 808 
 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 7877 768 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 o 198 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 222 
 
 
 <o6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 i 
 
 o 257 
 
 Wi 
 
 748 
 
 
 Enhanced line, diffuse 
 
 3840.580 
 
 4 
 
 9 comps. 
 Triple 
 
 2,1 
 
 2 
 
 Pair III, 0.337(1) 
 Pair II, 0.220 (2) 
 Pair I, 0.106 (4) 
 
 0.061 (2) 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 0.059 ( 2 ) 
 
 2.285 
 1.492 
 
 0.720 
 
 I 112 
 
 0.414 
 0.000 
 
 0.400 
 
 Difficult. Comps. not fully re- 
 solved 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 a 
 
 o 220 
 
 
 I 4OO 
 
 
 
 3845.310 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.234 w 3 
 
 0.197 
 
 1.582 
 I 6?O 
 
 1-332 
 
 n-comps. almost resolved 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o ?oo 
 
 
 2 O2 7 
 
 
 
 3850.118 
 3850.962 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Unaffected 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2,3 
 2 
 
 0.298 ws 
 o 268 
 
 0.218 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.009 
 i 801; 
 
 1.470 
 
 -comps. almost resolved 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 24.3. 
 
 
 I 6^2 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 3.22 
 
 
 2 160 
 
 
 
 3863 888 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O 2OI 
 
 
 I O4Q 
 
 
 Very faint. Enhanced line 
 
 3865.674 
 
 4 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 3.3 
 
 0.172 (i) 
 
 o ooo (2) 
 
 0.340 
 
 1.151 
 
 O OOO 
 
 2-275 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 171 (i) 
 
 
 T T^^ 
 
 
 
 ^867 6 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O. 77Q 
 
 
 2.267 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 406 
 
 
 2 711 
 
 
 
 3871-963 
 3872.639 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 Quadruple 
 12 comps. 
 
 2,2 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.272 
 Pair IV, 0.452 (i) 
 Pair III, o 344 (2) 
 
 0.125 
 Pair 11,0.231 (6) 
 Pair I, n.m. (i) 
 
 I.8I4 
 
 3-013 
 2 2Q3 
 
 0.834 
 1.540 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair II, 0.225 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 i . <;oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, o 116 (i) 
 
 
 0777 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3878.152 
 5878 720 
 
 4 
 e 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Triple 
 
 2,3 
 
 a 
 
 0.311 w 
 o 2.46 
 
 0.151 wi 
 
 2.067 
 
 2 3OO 
 
 1.004 
 
 Probably 6 n-, 4 />-comps. 
 
 3883 426 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ?88? 6?7 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 234. Wi 
 
 Wl 
 
 I ^^O 
 
 
 
 3886 ,-IA 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3887-196 
 3888.671 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 ii comps. 
 
 2,2 
 2,2 
 
 0.335 W 2 
 
 0.190 (2) 
 0.128(3) 
 0.072 (3) 
 
 o.ooo (i) 
 0.077 (3) 
 
 0.117 
 Pair 11,0.235 
 Pair I, n.m. 
 
 2.217 
 1.256 
 0.846 
 0.476 
 
 o.ooo 
 
 0.509 
 
 o 886 
 
 0-774 
 I.SS4 
 
 Red n-comps. disturbed by blend 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 2^6 
 
 
 
 3888 971 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3800 086 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 3892.069 
 3893-542 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0.237 wi 
 0.269 
 
 Wl 
 Wi 
 
 i 564 
 1-775 
 
 
 Red n-comp. stronger. Violet 
 -comp. stronger 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS or ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 2 5 
 
 
 f 3 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 = 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX, 
 
 'X 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 1 
 
 tt-COMP. 
 
 />-COMP. 
 
 M-COMP. 
 
 p-COUP. 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 Oil 
 
 
 
 ?8nc 80 3 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 286 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 1.6^8 
 
 
 
 3898 032 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 376 
 
 
 2.474 
 
 
 
 3898-231 
 
 2 
 
 Quadruple 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.707 
 
 O 340 
 
 0-352 
 
 4.653 
 
 2.294 
 
 2.317 
 
 
 3903.090 
 3904.052 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 2,1 
 
 0.278 Wa 
 0-233 w l 
 
 0.152 wi 
 0.098 
 
 1.825 
 1-529 
 
 0.998 
 0.643 
 
 Probably 6 n-, 4 ^-comps. 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 273 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 663 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2.28o 
 
 
 Difficult blend with 3909.802 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 326 
 
 
 2.128 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 2 O27 
 
 
 
 3917.324 
 
 3918.464 
 
 3018 163 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Q.554W2 
 n.m. 
 
 O 333 
 
 Wa 
 
 3.6lO 
 2.l69 
 
 
 
 w-comps. have inner fringes. 
 Probably 4 n-, 3 />-comps. 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 17? 
 
 
 I 130 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 . 271 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 28l 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 I .046 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 43Q 
 
 
 _ 
 
 3028 071 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 312 
 
 
 2.28l 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 282 
 
 
 
 3O3O 41O 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 312 
 
 
 2.270 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 
 W2 
 
 2 670 
 
 
 
 3935.965 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.319 Wi 
 
 O.227 
 
 2.059 
 2 .477 
 
 1-465 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line. Diffuse 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wl 
 
 2 062 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 77O 
 
 
 
 3Q47 142 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 I 
 
 o 243 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 i . t;6o 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 
 Wl 
 
 2 417 
 
 
 
 ?Q48 . 246 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o 247 
 
 
 1.581; 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 1OO 
 
 
 
 3Q1O. IO2 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o 348 
 
 
 2 . 230 
 
 
 
 3QCI in 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 288 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 
 I 844 
 
 
 
 3952-754 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,1 
 
 2 
 
 0.287 W I 
 
 0.145 
 
 1.837 
 
 I 862 
 
 0.927 
 
 Red p-comp. twice as strong as 
 violet 
 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3oc6 810 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 -2 
 
 o 289 
 
 
 I 846 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 807 
 
 
 Comps. hazy 
 
 3963-252 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 ? 
 Triple 
 
 
 W 3 
 
 Wl 
 
 2 672 
 
 
 -comps. not resolved 
 Faint 
 
 3966. 212 
 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O-474 W 2 
 
 Wl 
 
 3 OI3 
 
 
 Measurement is for wide pair 
 
 2066 778 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 338 Wa 
 
 W2 
 
 2 147 
 
 
 -comps. which have inner 
 fringes, ^-comps. not resolved, 
 probably triple 
 
 3967 . S7O 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 198 
 
 
 i. 258 
 
 
 
 3968.114 
 3969.413 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 Triple? 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 n.m. 
 0.354 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 W| 
 
 2 . 247 
 
 
 Probably 4 n-, 3 />-comps. 
 
 3Q7O. 14.O 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 348 
 
 
 2 2O7 
 
 
 
 2Q7I 4.7C 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wl 
 
 
 
 
 3976.532 
 3976.692 
 3977.891 
 3981.917 
 
 3084 in 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2,2 
 
 2 
 
 o-33 
 0.319 
 0.441 
 
 . 24O W2 
 
 Wi 
 
 0.127 
 
 2.088 
 2.019 
 2.787 
 1-513 
 
 } 
 0.800 
 
 Difficult blend 
 
 3985-539 
 3986.321 
 3990.011 
 
 3990-525 
 3994.265 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 
 0.282 
 0.196 W2 
 
 0.293 w i 
 
 0.251 
 0.283 
 
 W S 
 Wl 
 Wl 
 
 1.775 
 1-234 
 1.840 
 
 1-577 
 1-774 
 
 
 
26 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 X 
 
 INTENSITY. 1 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 OF 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 WEIGHT. 
 
 AX 
 
 AX/X 2 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 H-COMP. 
 
 p-coup. 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 />-COMP. 
 
 3996.140 
 3997.115 
 3997.547 
 3998 . 205 
 
 4001.814 
 
 4005.408 
 
 4006 . 464 
 4006.776 
 4007.429 
 
 4009 . 864 
 
 4013.964 
 4014.677 
 4017.308 
 4018.420 
 4022.018 
 4024.881 
 
 4029.796 
 
 4030 . 646 
 
 4032.117 
 4040.792 
 4044 . 056 
 4044 . 766 
 
 4045.975 
 4062.599 
 
 4063 . 759 
 4067.139 
 4068.137 
 4070.930 
 4071.908 
 4073.921 
 4074.947 
 4076.792 
 4078.515 
 4079.996 
 4080 . 368 
 4084 . 647 
 4085 . 161 
 4085 . 467 
 4096 .129 
 
 4098.335 
 4100.901 
 4107.649 
 4I09.9S3 
 
 4114.606 
 4118.708 
 4120.368 
 4121.963 
 4122-673 
 
 4123.907 
 4126.040 
 .4126.344 
 4126.798 
 4127.767 
 4130.196 
 
 4132.235 
 
 i 
 i 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 15 
 2 
 IO 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 ? 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 13 comps.? 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Septuple 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 ? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Octuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 13 comps.? 
 
 i 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 2,2 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2,2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2,3 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 W3 
 0.259 
 O.266 
 
 o. 226 wi 
 
 0.415 
 
 0.461 W3 
 
 O. 211 
 
 0.383 
 0.176 
 
 Pair II, 0.470 (i) 
 Pair 1,0.284(3) 
 
 0.236 wi 
 o. 250 
 0.397 wi 
 0.288 
 0.272 wi 
 o . 209 wi 
 0.311 
 0.274 wi 
 
 0.2II 
 0.254 
 
 n.m. Wz 
 0.319 
 0.298 
 
 0.418 W2 
 0.269 
 O.4O2 W2 
 O.4l8 
 0.366 
 O.I7O 
 0.360 
 
 0.302 Wa 
 0.386 
 0.184 
 0.479 
 n.m. 
 0.300 
 0.311 
 0.400 
 0.237 
 0.383 wj 
 0.302 
 
 0-397 
 Pair 11,0.382 (i) 
 Pair I,o.i88(i) 
 0.376 wi 
 0.271 
 0.244 
 n.m. 
 n.m. 
 
 0.402 Wi 
 0.370 
 
 0-335 
 0.284 
 0.196 
 n.m. 
 
 0.510 ws 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 w-comp. not resolved 
 Faint 
 
 Measurement is for outer pair 
 -comps. Wide inner fringes, 
 probably at least 8 -comps. 
 and 5 p-comps. Compare 
 4132.235 
 Blend 
 
 Very faint 
 K-comps. scarcely resolved 
 
 Comps. diffuse 
 
 Probably 6 H-comps. 
 
 Very faint 
 
 Blend makes measurement dif- 
 ficult 
 
 Faint 
 
 -comps. hardly separated, p- 
 comps. almost resolved 
 Comps. faint and diffuse 
 
 Blend makes measurement dif- 
 ficult 
 
 Faint, -comps. rather widely 
 separated 
 Measurement is for outer - 
 comps. Wide inner fringes, indi- 
 cating4pairs. 5 p-comps. almost 
 resolved. Similar to 4005 . 408 
 
 I.62I 
 1.664 
 1.414 
 2.591 
 2.874 
 
 i-3i5\ 
 
 2-385! 
 1.096 
 2.923 
 1.766 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 W 3 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.085 (i) 
 o.ooo (2) 
 0.089 (i) 
 
 Wl 
 
 0.529 
 O.OOO 
 
 0.553 
 
 1.465 
 i-SSi 
 2.460 
 1.784 
 .681 
 .290 
 
 915 
 .685 
 .298 
 555 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Wl 
 Wi 
 Wi 
 Wl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W3 
 Wi 
 
 950 
 .820 
 2.532 
 1.628 
 2.430 
 
 2.525 
 2.208 
 1.025 
 2.169 
 1.819 
 2.322 
 1.106 
 2.877 
 
 
 0.588 
 1.143 
 
 0.097 
 
 0.189 
 
 W 2 
 Wl 
 
 
 
 
 0.149 
 
 0.897 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 W 2 
 
 W 2 
 Wl 
 W2 
 
 
 1.798) 
 1.864 
 2-397J 
 1.413 
 2.281 
 1.796 
 2-352 
 2.261 
 1.113 
 
 2. 22O 
 
 1-597 
 1.437 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O.I9I 
 
 1.131 
 
 0.797 
 
 0.135 
 
 
 
 W 2 
 W 2 
 
 W2 
 W2 
 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 W 3 
 
 
 2.364 
 
 2-173) 
 1.968 
 i.66 7 J 
 1.150 
 
 
 2.987 
 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 \ 
 
 !H 
 H 
 Dl 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 JJ 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 1 
 
 M-COMP. 
 
 p-COilf. 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 
 4133.062 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.273 w i 
 
 Wl 
 
 1.598 
 
 
 
 4134.840 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.303 w, 
 
 w l 
 
 I 772 
 
 
 
 4136.678 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 252 
 
 w, 
 
 I .472 
 
 
 
 4137.156 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.314 
 
 
 1.814 
 
 
 
 4140.089 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 4142.025 
 4143-572 
 4144.038 
 
 4147 836 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0.392 w, 
 0.280 
 
 0-393 Wi 
 O.34O W2 
 
 V/i 
 Wi 
 
 W 2 
 
 Ws 
 
 2.285 
 
 1.630 
 2.288 
 
 1.976 
 
 
 n-comps. have inner fringes. 
 Probably 3 />-comps. 
 Diffuse ^-comp. appears stronger 
 
 4149.533 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.397 Wi 
 
 w, 
 
 2.305 
 
 
 on violet side. Possibly blend 
 
 4154.071 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O. 37O 
 
 
 2 196 
 
 
 
 4154.667 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O-379 
 
 
 2 ICK 
 
 
 
 4154.976 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.385 
 
 
 2 . 2^O 
 
 
 
 4156.970 
 4157.948 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.367 wi 
 
 0.415 W2 
 
 O.I2I 
 
 W2 
 
 2.123 
 2 .400 
 
 0.700 
 
 
 4158.959 
 
 4171 .068 
 4172.296 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 ? 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.589 Wi 
 o . 390 w 2 
 
 0.315 
 
 W 3 
 O.II7 
 
 3-405 
 2.242 
 I.SlO 
 
 0.672 
 
 p-comp. very diffuse 
 
 4172.923 
 4173.480 
 
 4173.624 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 In pie 
 Quadruple 
 
 Triple 
 
 1,1 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.470 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.185 
 
 2.698 
 
 I .062 
 
 Blend with next line makes 
 measurement difficult 
 
 4175.082 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.374 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 146 
 
 
 
 4175.806 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 206 
 
 
 I 6o7 
 
 
 
 4176.739 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 j 
 
 0.420 
 
 
 
 2 4O7 
 
 
 4179.025 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 V/3 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Comps. very diffuse, not re- 
 
 4181.919 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 339 
 
 
 I CMS 
 
 
 solved. Enhanced line 
 
 4182.548 
 
 i 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.272 wi 
 
 w 
 
 I . ccc 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4185.058 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.390 
 
 
 2 227 
 
 
 
 4187.204 
 
 4 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.395 w i 
 
 W2 
 
 2 . 2<;3 
 
 
 tt-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4187.943 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.402 
 
 
 
 
 ^-comps. 
 
 4191-595 
 
 3 
 
 Septuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 Pair II, 0.540 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.264 (4) 
 
 0-135 (0 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 o. 143 (i) 
 
 3.073 
 
 1.502 
 
 0.768 
 O.OOO 
 
 o 813 
 
 
 4195.492 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.320 
 
 
 i 818 
 
 
 
 4196.372 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O. 35Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 4198.494 
 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.383 
 
 
 2 172 
 
 
 
 4199.267 
 
 s 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 276 
 
 
 i $6< 
 
 
 
 4200.148 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 i 
 
 o . 364 Wa 
 
 W 3 
 
 2 062 
 
 
 Faint and diffuse 
 
 4201.089 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 i 
 
 0.438 
 
 
 2 d.82 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4202.198 
 4204.101 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.323 w 3 
 0.373 
 
 0.147 wi 
 
 1.829 
 
 2 I IO 
 
 0.832 
 
 Probably 6 -, 4 p-comps. 
 
 4206.862 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.338 
 
 
 
 
 
 4207.291 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.317 
 
 
 I 7OI 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4208.766 
 
 I 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.413 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 332 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4210.494 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.806 
 
 
 4. ^4.7 
 
 
 
 4210.561 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 i 
 
 0.411 
 
 
 2 3IO 
 
 
 Enhanced line Fe? Not identi- 
 
 4213.812 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.392 
 
 
 2 2O7 
 
 
 fied by Rowland 
 
 4216.351 
 4217.720 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 I 
 
 0.457 W2 
 
 0.402 w> 
 
 0.236 
 
 W 3 
 
 2.S7I 
 
 2 . 2?O 
 
 1.328 
 
 Comps. very diffuse 
 
 4219.516 
 
 4220.509 
 
 4222.382 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 0.284 
 0.368 
 
 0.475 
 
 
 1-594 
 2.066 
 2 66s 
 
 
 
 4224-337 
 4225.619 
 
 4226.116 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 0-439 wi 
 0.448 wi 
 n.m. 
 
 Wi 
 W 2 
 
 2.460 
 2.508 
 
 
 
 4226.584 
 4227.606 
 4233-328 
 4233-772 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 9 comps. 
 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 2,2 
 
 0.381 
 0.309 
 0.282 Wi 
 Pair III, 0.780 (i) 
 Pair II, 0.550 (2) 
 Pair I, 0.265 (s) 
 
 W2 
 
 W 2 
 0.140 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 0.140 (2) 
 
 2-133 
 1.728 
 
 1-574 
 4.3SI 
 3-068 
 1.478 
 
 0.780 
 
 o.ooo 
 0.780 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
28 
 
 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 e 
 
 7 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 tj 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 I 
 
 n-COMP. 
 
 ^-COMP. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 p-cottr. 
 
 
 42?6 112 
 
 n 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 4?2 
 
 
 2 SIO 
 
 
 
 4238.970 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O.32O 
 
 
 1.781 
 
 
 
 424O OI4 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 440 
 
 
 2 44.7 
 
 
 
 4245 422 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O.402, 
 
 
 2 . 736 
 
 
 
 4246. 251 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.273 
 
 
 1 .514 
 
 
 
 4.247 "COT 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 2c6 
 
 
 I Q73 
 
 
 
 4248.384 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 377 
 
 
 2.089 
 
 
 
 42 CO 287 
 
 8 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 11$ 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4250-945 
 4260 640 
 
 9 
 
 TO 
 
 12 comps.? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 o . 246 Ws 
 
 O 423 
 
 0.21 I Wl 
 
 1.361 
 
 2 33O 
 
 1.168 
 
 />-comps 
 Probably 8 -, 4 p-comps. 
 
 4267. 122 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 J 
 
 o. 2,00 
 
 
 I 648 
 
 
 
 4267.985 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.528 
 
 
 2.800 
 
 
 
 4268.OI 1 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o 462 
 
 Wj 
 
 2 C3C 
 
 
 
 4271 .325 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O. 3Q4 
 
 
 2 160 
 
 
 
 4271 .934 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.341 
 
 
 1.868 
 
 
 
 4282 . <6i 
 
 T 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 3IO W2 
 
 Ws 
 
 i 601 
 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4285.605 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 31 c 
 
 
 I 7I"\ 
 
 
 /-comps. 
 
 4294.301 
 4298. 195 
 
 5 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.319 w 2 
 0.457 
 
 0.138 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.730 
 
 2.474 
 
 0.748 
 
 -comps. almost resolved 
 
 4299 410 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 406 
 
 
 2 IO7 
 
 
 
 4302.353 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.316 
 
 
 1 . 707 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 433-337 
 4305.614 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2,2 
 
 I 
 
 0.415 w 2 
 0.328 Wi 
 
 0.265 
 
 Ws 
 
 2.241 
 I 76o 
 
 I-43I 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4308.081 
 
 IS 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 320 
 
 
 I . 724 
 
 
 
 4309. 541 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 32< 
 
 
 I 7^0 
 
 
 
 4315.262 
 4325.939 
 
 3 
 
 TS 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 3,3 
 3 
 
 0.517 wi 
 o. 245 
 
 0.090 
 
 2-777 
 1 . 3OQ 
 
 0.483 
 
 
 4327 . 274 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 31 3 
 
 
 I 6?2 
 
 
 
 4328.080 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 246 
 
 
 1 . 317 
 
 
 
 4337-216 
 4346.725 
 
 2 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2,3 
 
 I 
 
 . 264 W2 
 O 2O2 
 
 0.154 
 
 Wj? 
 
 1.404 
 I $4.$ 
 
 0.819 
 
 Blend with air lines 
 
 435I-930 
 4352.908 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 I 
 2,3 
 
 0.3II W 2 
 O.4l6 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 0.075 (i) 
 
 o ooo (2) 
 
 1.642 
 2.195 
 
 0.396 
 o ooo 
 
 Probably 3 p-comps. May be 
 O, but given by Lockyer as en- 
 hanced line Fe 
 -comps. fringed 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.075 (*) 
 
 
 o. 2,06 
 
 
 4367. 749 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 311 
 
 
 I 63O 
 
 
 
 4369.941 
 
 7. 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 282 
 
 
 I 477 
 
 
 
 4376. 107 
 
 ? 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4383.720 
 
 ?.n 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O 332 
 
 
 I 727 
 
 
 
 4385.548 
 4388.057 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 Quadruple 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.367 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.391 
 
 1.910 
 
 2.032 
 
 Enhanced line 
 -comps. blended with adjacent 
 
 4388.571 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 432 
 
 
 2 243 
 
 
 lines 
 
 4391.123 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4404.927 
 
 T5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.334 
 
 
 I . 72O 
 
 
 
 4407.871 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 631 
 
 Wi 
 
 3247 
 
 
 
 4408.582 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.488 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 <;ii 
 
 
 
 44I5-293 
 4422.741 
 
 IO 
 
 I 
 
 Septuple? 
 Sextuple 
 
 2 
 2,3 
 
 0.338 wj 
 
 Pair 11,0.432 (i) 
 Pair I. o i <C4 (i ) 
 
 Wj 
 
 0.280 
 
 1-734 
 
 2.208 
 o 787 
 
 1-431 
 
 K-comps. have inner fringes. 
 Probably 3 p-comps. 
 
 \\i1 ^f~-> 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.42,0 
 
 
 2 . IO4 
 
 
 
 4430 . 785 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 7IO 
 
 
 3 662 
 
 
 
 4433 . 390 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Comps. diffuse and blended with 
 
 4442.510 
 
 4443-365 
 4447.892 
 
 4454-552 
 4459-301 
 4461.818 
 4466.727 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 2,3 
 
 2,2 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 0.485 w 3 
 0.170 
 Pair II, 0.721 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.449 (i) 
 
 0.445 Wl 
 
 o . 449 w 2 
 Q-435 
 0.343 wi 
 
 0.184 w l 
 
 0.307 
 0.173 
 
 0.127 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.458 
 
 0.861 
 
 3-644 
 2.269 
 
 2-243 
 
 2.258 
 2.185 
 1.719 
 
 0.932 
 1-552 
 
 0.872 
 0.639 
 
 air band 
 Probably 6 -, 4 p-comps. 
 
 Close to air line 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 29 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 a 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 AX 
 
 /X 2 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 9 
 
 N 
 
 tt-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 n-coMP. 
 
 p-cour. 
 
 
 4.4.6o ^4 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 4^8 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 IO2 
 
 
 
 4.4.76 18 s ; 
 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I ?27 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed Probably 3 
 
 4482.338 
 4482.438 
 
 ddSd ^02 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I. 1 
 I.I 
 
 2 
 
 0.401 Wi 
 
 0.139 
 
 0.146 
 
 0.229 
 
 1.996 
 O.692 
 
 0.727 
 i . 140 
 
 p- comps. 
 w-comps. very diffuse 
 Probablyalso outer pair-comps. 
 Close blend with preceding 
 
 4489.351 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4491 .570 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 -comps. close, not resolved. 
 
 4494 738 
 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 i 40 1; 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4508.455 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o 184 
 
 
 o QOI 
 
 
 ^-comps. 
 Enhanced line. Comps. diffuse 
 
 4 <;i 5 508 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 628 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4522.802 
 452S-3I4 
 4528.798 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 1,2 
 2 
 
 0.274 
 
 0.457 W 2 
 
 o 3<c8 ws 
 
 0.164 
 
 1-339 
 
 2.232 
 
 I 74^ 
 
 0.801 
 
 Enhanced line 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4531.327 
 4548.024 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2.2 
 
 0.398 Wi 
 
 o. 104 
 
 939 
 
 er>4 
 
 0.506 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 4549.642 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 3IO 
 
 
 . ^41 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4556.063 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 408 
 
 
 Blend with 4556 306. Enhanced 
 
 4556.306 
 4584.018 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 n.m. 
 o ^76 
 
 Wi 
 
 78o 
 
 
 line 
 
 4592.840 
 4603 . 1 26 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.416 Wi 
 
 0.126 
 
 .972 
 2 671 
 
 0-597 
 
 
 4611 .469 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.652 
 
 
 3.OO7 
 
 
 
 4619.468 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 723 
 
 
 
 4629.521 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 308 
 
 
 i 8<7 
 
 
 Very close to air line. Enhanced 
 
 4637.685 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 line 
 K-comps. diffuse. Close to air line 
 
 4638.193 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 4647.617 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O. 3Q2 
 
 
 1.8l4 
 
 
 
 4654 . 800 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o <;43 Wi 
 
 
 2 "CO6 
 
 
 n- and ^-comps. diffuse 
 
 4667.626 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 481 
 
 
 2 2O7 
 
 
 
 4668.331 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 O 362 Wa 
 
 
 i 661 
 
 
 
 4679.027 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 124. 
 
 
 
 4691.602 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 8 
 
 
 .626 
 
 
 
 4707.457 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 36^ 
 
 
 647 
 
 
 
 4710.471 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o. 242 
 
 
 .OQI 
 
 
 Blend with air line 
 
 4736.031 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 O 4O< Wi 
 
 
 8o< 
 
 
 Weak, rather diffuse 
 
 4736.963 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 808 
 
 
 
 4741.718 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n m 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4745.992 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Comps. weak and diffuse 
 
 4787.003 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 400 
 
 
 i 78? 
 
 
 
 4788.952 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n m 
 
 
 
 
 w-comps. diffuse 
 
 4789.849 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4839.734 
 4859.928 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 Octuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 n.m. 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Too weak to measure 
 Strong central w-comp. Trace of 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.275 (0 
 
 o.ooo (4) 
 
 0.289 (0 
 
 n.m 
 
 0.271 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 0.269 (2) 
 
 1.166 
 
 o.ooo 
 
 1.222 
 
 1.147 
 o.ooo 
 
 1-139 
 
 faint outer pair 
 
 4871.512 
 
 4872-332 
 4878.407 
 4890.948 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 I 
 3 
 
 ii comps.? 
 
 Sextuple 
 Triple 
 10 comps.? 
 
 1,2 
 
 2,3 
 3 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.336 w 2 
 
 Pair II, 1.044 (3) 
 Pair 1,0.515 (2) 
 1.092 
 
 0.635 W 3 
 
 0-193 (i) 
 0.093 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 0.087 (2) 
 
 0.181 (i) 
 
 0.538 
 0.341 
 
 I.4I4 
 
 4.400 
 2.I7I 
 
 4-574 
 2.656 
 
 0.813 
 0.392 
 
 o.ooo 
 0.366 
 0.762 
 2.264 
 
 1.424 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 pairs 
 
 Violet comp. 3/2 stronger than 
 red 
 K-comps. uniformly widened, 
 probably 3 pairs. Trace of in- 
 ner pair />-comps. 
 
30 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 g 
 
 55 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 /X 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 3 
 
 
 M-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COtlf. 
 
 
 4801 68? 
 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 
 O 388 W2 
 
 
 i 620 
 
 
 M-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4903.502 
 
 4.OII .06^ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,1 
 2 
 
 0.866 wi 
 
 0.152 
 
 3.600 
 i .644 
 
 0.632 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 4919.174 
 4020.68? 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.591 w 3 
 
 0.270 
 
 2.441 
 i 841; 
 
 I.H5 
 
 Probably complex, but widening 
 
 4924 107 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 C77 
 
 
 may be due to strength 
 H-comps. fringed. At least 3 p- 
 
 4024 Qt;6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 comps. Enhanced line 
 Comps. weak and diffuse 
 
 4038. O07 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ^ O23 
 
 
 
 4939 . 868 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o <8o 
 
 
 2.378 
 
 
 
 4946 . 568 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 481 
 
 
 1.968 
 
 
 
 4957.480 
 
 4017 ?8<; 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2,2 
 
 o . 630 wi 
 
 O.IQO 
 
 2-565 
 
 2 3O7 
 
 0-773 
 
 Widening may be due to strength 
 
 4966. 270 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 588 
 
 
 2 H4. 
 
 
 
 AQ-7-1 28l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4078 78 s 
 
 
 Unaffected? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Only narrow H-comp. visible. 
 
 4982 682 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 I 8OO 
 
 
 Faintness of line may prevent 
 appearance of others. Possibly 
 similar to 4859.928 
 
 408 3 . 4 * ? 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o <8? 
 
 
 2 ?62 
 
 
 Blend with adjacent lines 
 
 4984.028 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wj 
 
 2 2OQ 
 
 
 
 4985.432 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 4?2 
 
 
 3.337 
 
 
 
 4985 . 730 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 2 88? 
 
 
 
 40OI 4^2 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 4994.316 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 <&l 
 
 
 2 .332 
 
 
 
 5OO2 . 044 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 660 
 
 
 Close to air line 
 
 5005 . 896 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1 .Q?3 
 
 
 w-comps. blend with adjacent 
 
 5006.306 
 <OI2 . 212 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.295 wi 
 
 0.182 
 
 I.I76 
 
 2 I *6 
 
 0.724 
 
 line 
 
 5015.123 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 488 
 
 
 
 coi8 620 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5022.414 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 263 
 
 
 1 ,043 
 
 
 
 5027.305 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 
 Wj? 
 
 I 008 
 
 
 Diffuse comps. due to blend with 
 
 5028.308 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 i "?o6 
 
 
 5027.939 
 
 co?o 428 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5041 . 255 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 Wi ? 
 
 I O'sO 
 
 
 Widening of p-comp. probably 
 
 5041 . 936 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 2 O^4 
 
 
 due to blend with 5041 .069 
 
 5050 . 008 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 a 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 72^ 
 
 
 
 5051 .825 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 a 
 
 O ?2I 
 
 
 2 .042 
 
 
 
 5065.207 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 I 3 2O 
 
 
 Comps. diffuse, disturbed by 
 
 5068 . 944 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.684 
 
 
 2.664 
 
 
 blend 
 
 5074.932 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wj 
 
 i 8? 
 
 
 
 5079 . 409 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 771 
 
 
 Blend with adjacent lines. Prob- 
 
 5079.921 
 
 i 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 i,i 
 
 0-737 
 
 0.206 (i) 
 
 2.856 
 
 0.798 
 o ooo 
 
 ably at least 7-comps. 
 Faint. Probably weak inner 
 pair w- comps. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 2IO (i) 
 
 
 0.814 
 
 
 5083.518 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.4,71; 
 
 
 1.840 
 
 
 
 5090.954 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Comps. weak and diffuse 
 
 S097.I7S 
 5098.885 
 5107.619 
 5107-823 
 5110.574 
 
 5123.899 
 5125.300 
 5I27.533 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple 
 
 Unaffected 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2 
 I 
 I 
 1,1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 0.513 wi 
 0.607 
 0.404 
 0.625 wi 
 
 0.539 
 
 0.519 wi 
 0.676 
 
 W 2 
 Wj 
 
 Wj 
 0.226 
 
 Wj 
 
 1-974 
 2-333 
 1-5491 
 2-394* 
 2.066 
 
 1.976 
 2.572 
 
 0.866 
 
 Blend 
 
 Measurement difficult owing to 
 blend with 5109.827 
 
 5131-642 
 5I33-870 
 
 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 0.957 
 
 0.459 wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 3-634 
 1-743 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 p-comp. almost resolved 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 >H 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 2 
 
 kft 
 
 A; 
 
 tft 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 X 
 h-t 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 B-COMP. 
 
 /i-COMP 
 
 
 5137.558 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.567 wi 
 
 Wa 
 
 2.148 
 
 
 
 5139-427 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.716 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.713) 
 
 
 Close blend makes judgment of 
 
 5139.644 
 
 5143 .III 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 i I 
 
 0.693 
 
 0.578 
 
 W 2 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.622) 
 
 2 184 
 
 
 ^-comps. difficult 
 Blend with adjacent lines 
 
 5151 .020 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 I 
 
 2' 
 0.629 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 2.371 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 5152.087 
 
 T 
 
 Octuple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 Probably 5 n-, 3 ^-comps Very 
 
 5159.231 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.442 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 1.662 
 
 
 faint 
 Comps. very diffuse 
 
 5162 .449 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.586 
 
 W2 
 
 2 . 2OO 
 
 
 
 5167.678 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.462 
 
 
 I .730 
 
 
 
 5169.220 
 
 in 
 
 7 or 9 
 
 2 
 
 0.563 W2 
 
 Wa 
 
 2.IO6 
 
 
 Enhanced line. -comps fringed 
 
 5171.778 . 
 
 T 
 
 comps.? 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 521 
 
 
 I -949 
 
 
 and probably compound, p- 
 comp. much widened with 
 strong center. Blend with 
 5169.069. 
 
 5191.629 
 
 T 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O . 7O2 W2 
 
 W3 
 
 2.6o6 
 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 5192-523 
 
 5195.113 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.749 wi 
 
 0.457 
 
 0.213 
 
 2.780 
 1.695 
 
 0.790 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 5195.647 
 
 T 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Comps. very diffuse 
 
 5197.743 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.304 
 
 
 I.I25 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5198.888 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Comps. very diffuse 
 
 5202.516 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.683 
 
 
 2.525 
 
 
 
 5208.776 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.623 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.294 
 
 
 
 5215.353 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.62*; 
 
 
 2.296 
 
 
 
 5216.437 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.305 
 
 
 I. I 2O 
 
 
 
 5217.552 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.611; 
 
 
 2.259 
 
 
 
 5225.695 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 Very faint, p-comp. apparently 
 
 5227.043 
 
 5227.362 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.949 Wa 
 O.4I T. 
 
 0.281 
 
 3-472 
 I.5I2 
 
 1.030 
 
 wide doublet 
 Probably 4 -comps. 
 
 5230.030 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o.6ic 
 
 
 2.248 
 
 
 
 5233.122 
 
 5 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O . 507 W2 
 
 Wa 
 
 1.851 
 
 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 5234.791 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.385 
 
 
 2.147 
 
 
 p-comps. 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5242.658 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.385 
 
 
 I .400 
 
 
 
 5250.817 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 618 
 
 
 2. 243 
 
 
 
 5263.486 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o.6t;i 
 
 
 2.352 
 
 
 
 5266.738 
 
 3 
 
 7 or 9 
 
 2 
 
 O 5O2 W3 
 
 
 I.SlO 
 
 
 ft-comps. widely fringed. Prob- 
 
 5269.723 
 
 R 
 
 comps? 
 Triple? 
 
 3 
 
 o. =;oi 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.804 
 
 
 ably 3 p-comps. 
 
 5270.558 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1.076 
 
 
 
 5273.339 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.651 
 
 
 2.343 
 
 
 
 5276.169 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 O 431 W2 
 
 
 I .547 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5281.971 
 5283.802 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 0.311 w 3 
 o 62? 
 
 Wj 
 
 i. US 
 
 2.232 
 
 
 n-comps. strongly fringed. Prob- 
 ably 5 ^-comps. 
 
 5302.480 
 
 ?. 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.632 
 
 
 2.272 
 
 
 
 5316 . 790 
 
 4 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 4.^ Wi 
 
 
 1 .610 
 
 
 Enhanced line. Diffuse comps 
 
 5324.373 
 
 S 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 648 
 
 
 2.286 
 
 
 may be due to character of 
 line 
 Red comp. slightly stronger than 
 
 5328.236 
 
 7 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 470 Wi 
 
 Wa 
 
 1.656 
 
 
 violet 
 K-comps. fringed Probably 3 
 
 5328.696 
 5340.121 
 5341.213 
 
 5353-571 
 5365-069 
 5365.596 
 5367.669 
 5370.166 
 5371-734 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 I 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 9 comps.? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 1,2 
 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 0.488 W2 
 0.664 
 0.486 W3 
 
 n.m. 
 0.354 w 2 
 0.471 
 0.414 
 0.456 
 0.413 w 2 
 
 0-275 
 0.429 
 
 W 2 
 
 Wi 
 Wl 
 W2 
 
 1.718 
 2.329 
 1-703 
 
 1.229 
 
 1.636 
 
 1-437 
 1-581 
 I-43I 
 
 0.968 
 1.502 
 
 p-comps. 
 
 -comps. blurred, probably at 
 least 6 
 Very faint 
 oomps. very diffuse 
 Blend with preceding line 
 Diffuse 
 Diffuse 
 -comps. fringed. Probably 6 
 -, 3 ^-comps. 
 
32 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 AX 
 
 /x 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 * 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 p-COlfP. 
 
 n-coitp. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 
 ^783 <78 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 i 6<;6 
 
 
 
 C7Q3 . 37C 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 673 
 
 
 2 7T4. 
 
 
 
 5397-344 
 S404-3S7 
 5405 989 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 9 comps.? 
 
 2-3 
 2 
 
 2,2 
 
 . 630 W2 
 
 0.467 wi 
 Pair II, 0.461 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.222 (4) 
 
 O.222 
 Wi 
 O.II7 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 O 121 (2) 
 
 2.l6.3 
 
 1-599 
 1-577 
 0.760 
 
 0.762 
 
 0.400 
 0.000 
 
 o 414 
 
 Diffuse 
 Probably third pair n-comps. 
 outside 
 
 5411 . 124 
 
 7 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 43? Wi 
 
 
 i 486 
 
 
 Diffuse 
 
 5415.416 
 
 C 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 510 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 73O 
 
 
 Diffuse 
 
 5424.290 
 
 5 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o . 498 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 I -603 
 
 
 Diffuse 
 
 5429.911 
 
 5434.740 
 5445 . 259 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 10 comps.? 
 
 Unaffected 
 Triple? 
 
 2,3 
 
 2 
 
 0.607 w 
 o 415 
 
 0.300 
 Wi 
 
 2.059 
 I 3QO 
 
 1.017 
 
 3 or possibly 4 pairs n-comps. 
 Probably weak inner pair />- 
 comps. 
 Diffuse 
 
 5447.130 
 
 5 
 
 12 comps. 
 
 2,3 
 
 Pair IV, 0.874 (0 
 Pair III, 0.701 (2) 
 Pair II, 0.477 ( 2 ) 
 
 Pair II, 0.447 (6) 
 Pair I, 0.226 (i) 
 
 2.946 
 
 2.363 
 I 608 
 
 1-507 
 0.762 
 
 -comps. barely resolved 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, 0.219 C 1 ) 
 
 
 0.738 
 
 
 
 5455.834 
 
 4 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 0-347 (i) 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0.680 
 
 If 
 
 1.163 
 o ooo 
 
 2.283 
 
 Central line of triplet dis- 
 placed 0.009 A toward red 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.345 (i) 
 
 
 i . 160 
 
 
 from no-field line 
 
 5463 . 494 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o ^6s 
 
 
 i 8q? 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 5474.113 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.686 
 
 
 2.280 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 5476.500 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 5476.778 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.647 
 
 
 2.1*7 
 
 
 
 5487.959 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 5497-735 
 
 3 
 
 Octuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.683 (4) 
 0.352 (2) 
 o.ooo (i) 
 o 34 (2) 
 
 0.346 (2) 
 o.ooo (3) 
 0.341 (2) 
 
 2.260 
 1.165 
 
 0.000 
 
 I 127 
 
 1. 144 
 
 o.ooo 
 1.128 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.706 (4) 
 
 
 2 8 
 
 
 
 5501.683 
 
 3 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 I OOI Wj 
 
 
 3 3O7 
 
 
 Appears as diffuse triplet. All 
 
 5507.000 
 
 3 
 
 9 comps.? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 J'.5W 
 3 38? 
 
 
 comps. doubtless compound 
 Probably 6 -, 3 p-comps. Outer 
 
 5535.644 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 I 4.27 
 
 
 w-comps. strongest 
 Blend with air line 
 
 5555.122 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 o 502 wi 
 
 
 I 628 
 
 
 Weak and diffuse 
 
 5563.824 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O.6<C2 
 
 
 2 . IO7 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 51565.931 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I <C42 
 
 
 Comps. diffuse 
 
 $569 . 848 
 
 1 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 33C Ws 
 
 
 I 080 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed. At least 3 
 
 5573.075 
 
 3 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I "III 
 
 
 #-comps. 
 n-comps. fringed. At least 3 
 
 5576-320 
 5586.991 
 
 i 
 5 
 
 Unaffected 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 510 Wj 
 
 W2 
 
 I 634 
 
 
 p-comps. 
 n-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 5598.524 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 close p-comps. 
 Very faint 
 
 5603.186 
 
 I 
 
 Quintiple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.372 (i) 
 o ooo (2) 
 
 0.728 
 
 1.186 
 
 O OOO 
 
 2.318 
 
 Compare 5455.834 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 34.3 (i) 
 
 
 1 .002 
 
 
 
 5615.877 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.586 
 
 
 i-8<!Q 
 
 
 
 5624.769 
 5638.488 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 1,2 
 
 . 664 W2 
 
 n.m. W2 
 
 0.481 
 W2 
 
 2.098 
 
 1.520 
 
 Faint and diffuse 
 
 5659.052 
 5662.744 
 5693-865 
 
 i 
 i 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.724 wi 
 0.596 
 n.m. 
 
 0.307 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.259 
 1.858 
 
 0.960 
 
 n-comps. diffuse 
 Faint 
 Very faint 
 
 5701.772 
 5706.215 
 5709.601 
 5718.055 
 
 5731.984 
 5752.254 
 
 I 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 Triple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 0.607 
 0.605 wj 
 0.785 wi 
 
 0-383 
 0.631 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 Wj 
 
 W 2 
 Wa 
 
 1.867 
 1.858 
 2.408 
 1.172 
 
 1.920 
 
 
 p-comp. almost resolved 
 
 Comps. diffuse 
 Comps. diffuse 
 
 5753-344 
 5763.218 
 
 5775.304 
 5816.601 
 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 0-575 
 0.631 
 0.762 wi 
 0.442 wj 
 
 Wi 
 
 Wj 
 
 1-737 
 1.900 
 2.279 
 1.306 
 
 
 Comps. diffuse 
 Probably numerous H-comps. 
 Very diffuse 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 33 
 
 x 
 
 E 
 
 n 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 H 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 \\ 
 
 A; 
 
 vw 
 
 
 
 H 
 K 
 ^H 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 2 
 w 
 
 tfc 
 
 n-coifp. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 M-COMP 
 
 p-COMP 
 
 
 5856.312 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 5859.809 
 5862.582 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 0.698 Wi 
 0.684 
 
 W2 
 
 2.033 
 
 I OOO 
 
 
 
 5884.028 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.436 
 
 
 I 2 SO 
 
 
 
 5905.895 
 5914.335 
 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 W 3 
 
 0.658 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 W2 
 
 I 880 
 
 
 w-comps. not resolved 
 
 5930.406 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.587 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.669 
 
 
 
 5934.881 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.589 
 
 
 I .672 
 
 
 
 5952.943 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 5975-575 
 
 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 
 5977.007 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.635 
 
 
 I 777 
 
 
 
 5983.908 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.608 Wj 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.698 
 
 
 
 5985.040 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.662 
 
 
 1.848 
 
 
 
 5987 . 290 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.624 
 
 Wi 
 
 I.74O 
 
 
 
 6003 . 239 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.772 
 
 
 2 . 142 
 
 
 
 6008.785 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.652 
 
 
 I 806 
 
 
 
 6020.401 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o . 845 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 .332 
 
 
 Diffuse 
 
 6024.281 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.649 
 
 
 1.788 
 
 
 
 6027.274 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.568 
 
 
 I l64. 
 
 
 
 6042.315 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 w-comp. blurred 
 
 6056.227 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 0.499 W 2 
 
 W2 
 
 I .361 
 
 
 /i-comps. diffuse, p almost re- 
 
 6065 . 709 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.403 
 
 
 I (XK 
 
 
 solved 
 
 6078.710 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.635 w i 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.718 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 6102.392 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 6103.400 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 -,2 
 
 n.m. W2 
 
 o.i;8 
 
 
 i ^6^ 
 
 
 6128.124 
 6136.829 
 
 I 
 
 ; 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 0.414 Wz 
 0.515 
 
 W 2 
 
 I.IO2 
 
 I 367 
 
 
 Faint and diffuse 
 
 6137.915 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 654 
 
 
 I 7^6 
 
 
 
 6141.938 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 1 .017 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.696 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 6148.040 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 . 649 W2 
 
 Wl 
 
 I 717 
 
 
 Very diffuse 
 
 6149.458 
 6157.945 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Quadruple 
 Triple? 
 
 1,1 
 
 2 
 
 0.812 
 
 0.719 
 
 0.740 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.148 
 1.896 
 
 1-950 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 6165.577 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 n.m. W2 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 
 6170.730 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.725 W2 
 
 W3 
 
 1 .904 
 
 
 p-comp. almost resolved 
 
 6173.553 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 1 59 
 
 
 4. 171 
 
 
 
 6180.420 
 
 T 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 Wl 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 6188.210 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Faint 
 
 6191.779 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 541 
 
 
 I 4.1 1 
 
 
 
 6200.527 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 I .026 W2 
 
 Ws 
 
 2 . 660 
 
 
 Comps. diffused 
 
 6213.644 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 Pair II, 1.603 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.798 (i) 
 
 0.572 
 
 4.ISI 
 
 2 06? 
 
 1.481 
 
 
 6215.360 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.583 
 
 
 I - ^OQ 
 
 
 
 6219.494 
 6230.943 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.991 wj 
 0.767 
 
 0.385 
 
 2.562 
 I .976 
 
 0-995 
 
 
 6232.856 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 i . 205 wi 
 
 W2 
 
 ^ IO2 
 
 
 
 6238.598 
 6246.535 
 6247.774 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 1,1 
 2,2 
 
 I 
 
 i . 042 wi 
 0.958 wi 
 
 0.670 W-2 
 
 0.512 
 0.278 
 
 Ws 
 
 2.677 
 2.456 
 I 7l6 
 
 I-3I5 
 0-713 
 
 Enhanced line 
 Enhanced line. -comps. very 
 
 6252.773 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.582 
 
 
 1.488 
 
 
 diffuse. Probably 3 ^-comps. 
 
 6254.456 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 952 
 
 
 2 4.24. 
 
 
 
 6256.572 
 6265.348 
 6270.442 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 -,2 
 2,2 
 
 n.m. ws 
 
 0.969 W2 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.696 
 0.278 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.469 
 
 1.778 
 0.708 
 
 n-comps. very diffuse 
 
 6291 .184 
 6298.007 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 1.014 
 n'm. W2 
 
 W2 
 W3 
 
 2.562 
 
 
 
 6301.718 
 6302 . 709 
 63IS-5I7 
 
 6318.239 
 6322.907 
 6331.067 
 6335 554 
 6337.048 
 
 3 
 i 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 i 
 3 
 3 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Septuple? 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 I 
 2 
 2,2 
 
 1.063 W2 
 
 1.618 
 o . 906 Wi 
 
 0-452 
 0.965 
 
 0.820 W2 
 O.665 W2 
 
 Pair II, 1.641 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.946 (i) 
 
 0.392 
 W2 
 
 Wl 
 W 3 
 0.632 
 
 2.676 
 
 4-073 
 2.271 
 
 1.132 
 
 2.414 
 
 2.046 
 
 1.656 
 4.086 
 2-356 
 
 0.987 
 1-574 
 
 w-comps. probably double 
 
 Faint, p-comp. almost resolved. 
 Enhanced line 
 
 Very faint 
 Probably 3 ^-comps. 
 
34 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 TABLE i. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 Ej 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 y. 
 
 t 1 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 O 
 U 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 /-COMP. 
 
 
 6330 006 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 6^44. 371 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 o. 771 wi 
 
 n.m. 
 
 i 016 
 
 
 Very faint. />-comp. double 
 
 6 3 c ? . 24.6 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.730 
 
 
 1. 808 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 6358.898 
 
 f 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 O . 746 W2 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.845 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 6380 958 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.464 
 
 
 1 . 140 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 6303 820 
 
 g 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o SQ3 
 
 
 I 4^0 
 
 
 
 6400 217 
 
 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 802 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 i q<;8 
 
 
 H-comps. slightly fringed. Prob- 
 
 6408 233 
 
 x 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 t 2 
 
 n.m. 
 
 O 34^ (i) 
 
 
 o 837 
 
 ably 3 close /J-comps. 
 Apparently 4 weak w-comps. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 
 o ooo 
 
 about equally spaced 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O ?4O (i) 
 
 
 o 852 
 
 
 6411.865 
 
 6417 133 
 
 5 
 
 x 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 0.686 w 2 
 
 I Ol8 W2 
 
 W 3 
 W3 
 
 1.668 
 
 2 d72 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed, probably 3 
 />-comps . 
 n~ and />-comps. very diffuse. 
 
 
 X 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 O 74.2. W? 
 
 Wj 
 
 I 802 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 ff-comps diffuse. Enhanced line 
 
 6421 57O 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o 003 
 
 
 2 408 
 
 
 
 643 I . 066 
 
 t 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 775 wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.87? 
 
 
 
 64^6 63O 
 
 X 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o 840 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 O27 
 
 
 Diffuse 
 
 6456 . 603 
 
 6462 06 c 
 
 x 
 
 x 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 } 2 
 
 0.781 Wi 
 n.m. 
 
 W 2 
 
 o ^8t; 
 
 1.873 
 
 I 400 
 
 Enhanced line. Possibly diffuse 
 triplet 
 
 H-comps. faint and diffuse 
 
 6469 408 
 
 x 
 
 ? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W-2 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 
 x 
 
 ? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 64O <C 213 
 
 a 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 682 
 
 
 I 6l7 
 
 
 
 6 si 8 SQO 
 
 x 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.837 
 
 
 I .970 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 6C46 470 
 
 x 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o ^84 
 
 
 I 363 
 
 
 
 6^60 460 
 
 x 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O Q2I 
 
 
 2 . 1 34 
 
 
 Close to air line. Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p-comp. apparently double. 
 
 6^03 161 
 
 X 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.699 
 
 
 I. 608 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 
 x 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 n.m. Wi 
 
 O <7O 
 
 
 I 332 
 
 Very faint 
 
 6627 7Q7 
 
 x 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 Very faint. Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 i 088 
 
 
 9 44 2 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 6678 23<; 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o 787 
 
 
 I . 76 C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 
 35 
 
 ^ 
 
 g 
 
 Cfl 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 ,V 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 3 
 
 tt-COMP. 
 
 p-COKP. 
 
 M-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 
 3659.901 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 243 
 
 
 I 814 
 
 
 
 3660.774 
 
 ? 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 -,2 
 
 n.m. 
 
 0.188 
 
 
 I .403 
 
 
 3662.378 
 
 3669.106 
 
 3671.819 
 3679.821 
 3685.339 
 
 3690.053 
 3706.363 
 
 3710 094 
 
 IO 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 20 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 ? 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 -,2 
 2 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.199 
 n.m. 
 n.m. 
 n.m. 
 
 0.232 
 n.m. 
 
 O. 2OI Wl 
 
 0.161 
 
 W2 
 0.139 
 
 1.484 
 
 1.708 
 1.463 
 
 I.I94 
 I .OI2 
 
 Enhanced line 
 Enhanced line 
 
 3717. 539 
 
 7, 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 
 n.m. wz 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 
 2721 . 770 
 
 5 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 48^ 
 
 
 
 3722.729 
 
 T, 
 
 Triple? 
 
 i 
 
 O- J 45 
 
 Wi 
 
 I .046 
 
 
 
 3724. 716 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 24? 
 
 
 I 7^1 
 
 
 
 3725.300 
 
 3, 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o. 261 
 
 Wi 
 
 I.88I 
 
 
 
 3729.952 
 
 <] 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 142 
 
 
 I O2I 
 
 
 
 3741 . 205 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 248 
 
 
 I 772 
 
 
 
 3741.791 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 263 
 
 
 1.878 
 
 
 
 3748. 232 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 100 
 
 
 I 3=12 
 
 
 
 3753.003 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.277 
 
 
 1.967 
 
 
 
 3753 . 732 
 
 3 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 374 
 
 W2 
 
 2 6<A 
 
 
 
 3757 824 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3759.447 
 
 70 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 288 
 
 
 2 O^8 
 
 
 
 3761 .464 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 2O7 
 
 
 
 
 
 3762.012 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 253 
 
 
 1.788 
 
 
 
 3771 . 798 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 3<;6 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 <O2 
 
 
 
 3776.198 
 3786.181 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0.336 
 o. 229 
 
 Wl 
 
 2-357 
 i S98 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 3813 . 537 
 
 3 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 288 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 i 980 
 
 
 
 3814.671 
 
 -\ 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.319 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 2 . IQ2 
 
 
 
 3836 . 229 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 34.1 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 71? 
 
 
 
 3853.872 
 
 7, 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 267 
 
 Wl 
 
 1.798 
 
 
 
 3858.262 
 
 7, 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.278 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.868 
 
 
 
 3866.577 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 284. 
 
 
 I OOO 
 
 
 
 3868.539 
 
 7, 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.343 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 . 2O2 
 
 
 
 3875 .425 
 
 7, 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O ^22 
 
 
 2 144 
 
 
 
 3882.309 
 
 7, 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.325 
 
 
 2.157 
 
 
 
 3882.439 
 
 /\ 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 3 GO Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 2.648 
 
 
 
 3883.033 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 8^O 
 
 
 
 3895.377 
 
 t 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 O. 3OQ 
 
 Wj 
 
 2.O37 
 
 
 
 3900.681 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O 272 
 
 
 I 787 
 
 
 
 3QO4. 026 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3913.609 
 
 7.n 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 219 
 
 
 I .4^0 
 
 
 
 3QI4-477 
 3Q2I .563 
 
 2 
 
 7, 
 
 Sextuple? 
 ii comps.? 
 
 2,3 
 
 i, 
 
 0.352 w 2 
 0.340 (l) 
 
 0.206 
 
 n.m. 
 
 2.298 
 2 . 2IO 
 
 1-345 
 
 Probably two pairs />-comps. 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 224 (3) 
 
 
 I 4"*6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 6 SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o ooo (3) 
 
 
 O OOO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 631 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.198 (3) 
 
 
 1.287 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 32O (l) 
 
 
 2 080 
 
 
 
 3924-673 
 3926.465 
 
 3 
 
 7, 
 
 Octuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,3 
 
 3 
 
 O.292 W2 
 
 o 247 
 
 0.162 
 
 1.895 
 
 1 .602 
 
 1.052 
 
 Probably 3 pairs w-comps. 
 
 3930.022 
 
 3 
 
 ii comps? 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.264 (l) 
 O.lS? (3) 
 
 0.292 
 
 1.709 
 
 I. 211 
 
 1.890 
 
 Trace of inner pair ^-comps. 
 Compare X 3921 .563 
 
 
 
 
 
 O OCK (2) 
 
 
 O 6l< 
 
 
 
 3932.l6l 
 
 3947.918 
 3948.818 
 3956.476 
 
 3958.35S 
 3962.995 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 
 ? 
 
 ? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 0.094 (2) 
 0.178(3) 
 0.267 (l) 
 
 0.406 W2 
 
 0.098 w 2 
 0.186 
 0.229 w i 
 0.287 
 
 0.461 W2 
 
 W 2 
 W 2 
 Wi 
 W 2 
 
 0.000 
 0.609 
 I.IS2 
 1.729 
 2.626 
 
 0.629 
 I-IQ3 
 1-463 
 1.832 
 
 2-935 
 
 
 Enhanced line, w-comps. have 
 strong inner fringes 
 -comps. strongly fringed 
 
 w-comps. fringed 
 
 -comps. have strong inner 
 fringes, similar to X 3932 . 161 
 
36 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 
 7 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 Ej 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 /X" 
 
 
 
 Z 
 
 HH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 n-cowp. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 
 1064. 4.16 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 2CQ Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 28? 
 
 
 Probably inner pair -comps. 
 
 3081 .017 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 188 
 
 
 I.I86 
 
 
 
 3982 . 142 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 Pair 11,0.390 (i) 
 Pair I, o 151 (i) 
 
 0.311 
 
 2.460 
 
 O (K2 
 
 1.961 
 
 
 3982.630 
 
 3 
 
 10 comps.? 
 
 2,1 
 
 Pair III, 0.784 (i) 
 Pair II o 475 (2) 
 
 0-565 
 
 4.942 
 
 2 OQ4. 
 
 3-56I 
 
 Probably weak inner pair p- 
 comps. Difficult blend with 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, o 148 (4) 
 
 
 O Q77 
 
 
 two preceding lines 
 
 2087 . 71$ 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n m 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 3989.912 
 
 ft 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 27$ 
 
 
 I . 727 
 
 
 
 3998.790 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O. 7T7 
 
 
 I .720 
 
 
 Unsymmetrical. M-comps. have 
 
 4.OOO O7Q 
 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 Ws 
 
 2 I CO 
 
 
 inner fringes, broader for violet 
 comp. ^>-comp. fringed toward 
 violet 
 
 4009.807 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 086 
 
 ? 
 
 O <*< 
 
 
 Unsymmetrical. Violet -comp. 
 
 4012.541 
 4021.893 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Octuple? 
 
 ? 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.198 w 2 
 n.m. 
 
 0.169 
 
 1.230 
 
 1.050 
 
 3 times strength of red. p- 
 comp. hazy, displaced toward 
 violet 
 Enhanced line. Probably 3 pairs 
 w-comps. 
 n-comps. diffuse, narrowly sep- 
 
 4024. 726 
 
 7 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 arated, p-comp. fairly sharp 
 K-comps. have inner fringes 
 
 4025 . 286 
 4026.69! 
 
 | 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,3 
 
 2 
 
 . 263 W2 
 
 o 220 
 
 o. 129 
 
 1.623 
 
 I 3C? 
 
 0.796 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4028 . 497 
 
 C 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 658 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4030 . 646 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 O 24.7, Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 i 40=; 
 
 
 
 4035.976 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 3.S4 
 
 
 2 . 173 
 
 
 
 4053.981 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 412 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4055.189 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 ^ 
 
 O ?CK 
 
 
 2 4O2 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4060.415 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O ^Ol 
 
 
 2 . ?o6 
 
 
 
 4064.362 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 ^08 
 
 
 
 4065 . 239 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 3QC. 
 
 
 2 7,QO 
 
 
 
 4078.631 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O. Tnc 
 
 
 2.374 
 
 
 
 4082 . 589 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 308 
 
 
 2 X88 
 
 
 
 4112.869 
 4122.306 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 1,2 
 
 0.3OI W2 
 
 o 261 
 
 0.236 
 
 1.779 
 
 i 1^6 
 
 1-395 
 
 n-comps. very diffuse 
 
 4123.713 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 264. 
 
 
 I . C.<.2 
 
 
 
 4127.689 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O. 2QI 
 
 
 1.708 
 
 
 
 4137.428 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o ^6<; 
 
 
 2 133 
 
 
 
 4151.129 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o 3OC 
 
 
 I .770 
 
 
 
 4159.805 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 52O 
 
 
 
 4161.682 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 2 858 
 
 
 Enhanced line, n-comps. have 
 
 4163.818 
 
 2O 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 696 
 
 
 inner fringes 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4171.213 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 2IO 
 
 
 
 I 2O7 
 
 
 
 4172.066 
 
 15 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 2^1 
 
 
 T ^^-> 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4173.710 
 4184.472 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.361 Wi 
 n.m. wz 
 
 0.096 
 
 W3 
 
 2.072 
 
 0.551 
 
 Enhanced line 
 Enhanced line, all comps. diffuse 
 
 4186.280 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 282 
 
 
 I 600 
 
 
 
 4200.946 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 ' Wi' ' 
 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 4203.620 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 2 ic86 
 
 
 Faint in spark 
 
 4238.050 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 286 
 
 
 i ^02 
 
 
 
 4256.760 
 4261 . 748 
 4263 . 290 
 4270.329 
 4272.701 
 
 4274.746 
 4276.587 
 4278.39 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0.396 Wi 
 0.324 Wi 
 
 0.331 
 
 0.378 W2 
 
 0.364 w 2 
 0.291 
 
 0.443 Wl 
 
 0.304 
 
 Wi 
 
 0.248 
 
 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 2.186 
 1.784 
 1.821 
 2.073 
 1.994 
 
 1-572 
 2.422 
 
 1.661 
 
 1.360 
 
 X given by Fiebig as 4272-581 
 agrees better with solar line 
 X4272.5OO. n-comps.have inner 
 fringes. Probably 3 p-compa. 
 
 n-comps. have inner fringes 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 37 
 
 x 
 
 >< 
 
 H 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 OF 
 
 i 
 
 
 iX 
 
 A 
 
 Vx 2 
 
 
 
 z 
 
 HH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 p-coitp. 
 
 n-CGMP 
 
 p-COMP 
 
 
 4281.530 
 
 1 
 
 Octuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 o . 444 (4) 
 
 
 2 422 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.218 (2) 
 o.ooo (i) 
 0.218 (2) 
 0.448 (4) 
 
 0.222 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 O.224 ( 2 ) 
 
 I.I89 
 
 O.OOO 
 
 1.189 
 
 2 44.3 
 
 I. 211 
 
 O.OOO 
 1.222 
 
 
 4282.860 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 244 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4285.164 
 4286.168 
 4287.566 
 4288.038 
 
 4289.237 
 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Septuple? 
 
 12 Comps. 
 
 3 
 
 2,3 
 2,3 
 
 2 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.566 
 0.400 W: 
 0.421 wi 
 0.516 w^ 
 
 Pair IV, 0.586 (i) 
 Pair III, 0.443 (2) 
 Pair 11,0.306 (2) 
 
 W! 
 
 0.166 
 0.146 
 
 W 3 
 
 Pair II, 0.288 (6) 
 Pair I, 0.140 (i) 
 
 3-083 
 2.177 
 2.290 
 2.806 
 
 3-186 
 2.408 
 
 i 66? 
 
 0.904 
 
 , 794 
 
 1-566 
 0.761 
 
 -comps. have inner fringes. 
 Probably 3 p-comps. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, 0.144 (i) 
 
 
 o 78* 
 
 
 
 4290.377 
 
 10 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 
 . 284 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 I . CA-1 
 
 
 -comps. strongly fringed 3 or 
 
 4291.114 
 
 2 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.221 (i) 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0-445 
 
 I. ZOO 
 
 O.OOO 
 
 2.417 
 
 more />-comps. Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 
 
 O.22O (i) 
 
 
 I I(K 
 
 
 
 4291.375 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 i 
 
 o. 210 
 
 
 
 
 
 4294.204 
 
 10 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.361 
 
 
 i 0*8 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4295-914 
 4298.828 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 Unaffected 
 Septuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 Pair II, 0.292 (i) 
 Pair 1,0.145(5) 
 
 0.060 (2) 
 o.ooo (3) 
 0.086 (2) 
 
 1.580 
 0.784 
 
 0.325 
 o.ooo 
 o 465 
 
 p-comps. distinctly unsymmet- 
 rical 
 
 4299.410 
 
 1 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 i 
 
 0.430 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.327 
 
 
 
 4299.803 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 i 
 
 0.356 
 
 Wi 
 
 1 .021; 
 
 
 
 4300.211 
 
 & 
 
 p 
 
 2 
 
 0.367 wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.985 
 
 
 K-comps. fringed. 3 or more p- 
 
 4300.732 
 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o . 265 wi 
 
 W] 
 
 1 .4.22 
 
 
 comps. Enhanced line 
 M-comps fringed probably 3 p- 
 
 4301 . 158 
 
 ? 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 0.350 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.892 
 
 
 comps. 
 
 4302.085 
 
 5 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 Pair 11,0.585 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.151 (3) 
 
 0.016 
 
 3.161 
 o 816 
 
 1.167 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4306.078 
 
 8 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.367 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 I O70 
 
 
 K-comps. fringed probably 3 p- 
 
 4308.081 
 
 8 
 
 Octuple 
 
 2,2 
 
 Pair III, 0.588(1) 
 Pair II, o 442 (2) 
 
 0.236 
 
 3.168 
 
 2 382 
 
 1.272 
 
 comps. 
 Blend with iron impurity line 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, 0.291 (3) 
 
 
 i <;68 
 
 
 
 4311.880 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.147 
 
 Wi 
 
 0.791 
 
 
 comps. Enhanced line 
 Outer pair n-comps. not measur- 
 
 4313.034 
 4314.964 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.449 W 2 
 0.424 
 
 0.159 
 
 2.414 
 
 2 277 
 
 0.855 
 
 able. Possibly 3 ^-comps. 
 Blend with faint lines 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4315-138 
 4316.962 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 Quadruple 
 Triple 
 
 3,3 
 3 
 
 0.392 
 0.207 
 
 0-349 
 
 2.105 
 I III 
 
 1.874 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4318.817 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.337 
 
 
 1.807 
 
 
 
 4321.119 
 
 3 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 Pair 11,0.785 (2) 
 Pair I, 0.257 (0 
 
 0.261 
 
 4.204 
 I .376 
 
 1.398 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4321-813 
 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 310 
 
 
 I 660 
 
 
 
 4323-531 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.464 
 
 
 2 4.82 
 
 
 
 4325.306 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 a 
 
 0.301 
 
 
 
 
 
 4326.520 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 3 
 
 0.403 
 
 
 2 1*2 
 
 
 
 4330-405 
 
 1 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.415 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2. 213 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4330.866 
 
 4338.084 
 4341.530 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 ? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 O . 654 Wl 
 
 0.247 
 Wj 
 
 w, 
 
 Wi 
 
 3-487 
 1.312 
 
 
 Enhanced line, w-comps. have 
 inner fringes 
 Enhanced line 
 Enhanced line Probably nu- 
 
 4344.451 
 4346.278 
 4351.000 
 4354.228 
 4360.644 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0.474 wi 
 
 0-453 Wl 
 
 0.387 
 
 0.300 wi 
 
 0.348 
 
 Wl 
 
 w. 
 w. 
 
 2.512 
 2.308 
 2-044 
 1-583 
 1.830 
 
 
 merous close -comps, not 
 resolved, center strong 
 Enhanced line 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
3 8 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS or ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 
 > 1 
 
 w 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 - 
 
 A, 
 
 b 
 
 AX/ 
 
 X 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 HH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COVP. 
 
 M-COMP. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 
 4767 8^O 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 7,7,2 
 
 
 I 74O 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 7.14 
 
 
 i 64^ 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 774 
 
 
 I 745 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 528 
 
 
 
 4391.192 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Septuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0.304 W 2 
 O 72<J 
 
 Wj 
 
 1-577 
 i 68- 
 
 
 Enhanced line. Probably 4 -, 
 3 />-comps. 
 
 4204 22< 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O.42O 
 
 
 2.175; 
 
 
 
 
 2O 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 O 347 
 
 
 i 706 
 
 
 
 4396 . 008 
 4398.460 
 
 47QQ Q7C 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 Triple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 2,3 
 
 7 
 
 0-374 
 
 0.144 
 
 O.47I 
 
 Wi 
 
 0.224 
 
 1-935 
 0.744 
 
 2 226 
 
 I.I58 
 
 Enhanced line 
 Possibly faint outer n-comps, but 
 not visible on strong photograph 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 411 
 
 
 2 IIO 
 
 
 
 AAQC O82 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O 71 6 
 
 
 I 628 
 
 
 
 440=; .806 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 7 
 
 n.m. Wa 
 
 0.314 
 
 
 I .617 
 
 
 4409.408 
 
 4.400 68^ 
 
 i 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 M 
 
 ,i 
 
 0.523 wi 
 n m Wa 
 
 0.171 
 o. 248 
 
 2.690 
 
 0.880 
 I 27^ 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44.17 4^0 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 381 
 
 
 
 
 
 4417.884 
 
 A4l8 4.OQ 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 Pair II,o.288(i) 
 Pair I, o.i 20 (2) 
 o 402 Wi 
 
 Pair II, 0.240 (2) 
 Pair I, 0.072 (3) 
 
 Wi 
 
 1.476 
 0.615 
 
 2 OOO 
 
 1.230 
 0.369 
 
 Probably weak pair n-comps. 
 outside. Enhanced line 
 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 478 
 
 
 
 4422.104 
 4422 08^ 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,1 
 
 2 
 
 0.358 wi 
 
 O 777 
 
 0.107 
 
 I.83I 
 I .Q27 
 
 0-547 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.426 2OI 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 7,l8 
 
 
 I 623 
 
 
 
 4427 266 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 712 
 
 
 I ^02 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 W] 
 
 2 78A 
 
 
 
 44.21 4C7 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O I C4 
 
 
 o 784 
 
 
 
 4427 . 74.2 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o 187 
 
 
 O QCI 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 717 
 
 
 
 44.26 7CO 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 466 Wi 
 
 Wf 
 
 2 7.6? 
 
 
 
 4438.359 
 4440.515 
 4 4 -JT 433 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 j 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 1,2 
 
 2,3 
 
 I 
 
 0.441 Wa 
 0.270 Wi 
 
 O 417 Wi 
 
 0.180 
 
 0.168 
 
 W2 
 
 2-239 
 1.369 
 2 OO4 
 
 0.914 
 0.852 
 
 
 
 I c 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4444.728 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 0.317 w, 
 o 388 
 
 0-24S 
 
 1.604 
 
 1.240 
 
 
 4450.654 
 
 4 
 
 10 comps.? 
 Triple 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.388 w 
 
 0.264 wi 
 
 1-958 
 
 I 7l6 
 
 1-333 
 
 Probably 6 -, 4 p-comps. En- 
 hanced line 
 
 44 c 7 486 
 
 a 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 2IO 
 
 
 I OSQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quadruple ? 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 
 AACC 48? 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 I 768 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wa 
 
 2 ^^4 
 
 
 
 446 7 84? 
 
 I 
 
 Triple ? 
 
 I 
 
 o 509 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 ^?4 
 
 
 
 4464.617 
 
 2 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 0.285 (O 
 
 0.287 
 
 1-430 
 
 O OOO 
 
 1.440 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 446 c Q7C 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 4.12 
 
 
 
 4468 663 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4471.017 
 4471.408 
 
 4475-026 
 
 4479-879 
 4480.752 
 4481.438 
 4482.904 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 10 comps.? 
 9 comps. 
 
 Septuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2,2 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Pair III, 0.724 (i) 
 Pair 11,0.386 (i) 
 Pair I, 0.126 (i) 
 Pair III, 0.826 (i) 
 Pair II, 0.613 (2) 
 Pair 1,0.364(4) 
 0.509 wi 
 0.829 
 0.611 
 0.548 
 0.498 Wi 
 
 0.458 
 0.113 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 0.116 (2) 
 w, 
 
 Wa 
 
 3.622 
 
 I-93I 
 0.630 
 
 4.132 
 3.066 
 I.82I 
 2-542 
 4.130 
 
 3-043 
 2.729 
 2.478 
 
 2.292 
 0.565 
 
 0.000 
 
 0.580 
 
 Trace of inner pair p-comps. 
 Probably 4 n-, 3 p-comps. 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 39 
 
 x 
 
 >< 
 
 H 
 % 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 i 
 
 iX 
 
 A> 
 
 /x 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 hH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 a 
 
 n-cottp. 
 
 p-COIfP. 
 
 n-coMp. 
 
 p-COUP. 
 
 
 4488 . 493 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.355 
 
 
 i 762 
 
 
 
 4489 . 262 
 4495.182 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 9 comps. 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 I 
 
 Pair III, 0.858 (i) 
 Pair II, 0.597 (2) 
 Pair 1,0.382(4) 
 0.353 
 
 O.III (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 o.no (2) 
 
 4.258 
 2.963 
 1.896 
 
 I 74-7 
 
 0.551 
 
 o.ooo 
 0.546 
 
 Compare X 4471 .408 
 
 4496.318 
 
 3 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O.4Q3 
 
 
 
 
 
 4497.842 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O C24 
 
 
 
 
 
 4501.445 
 
 TI; 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 298 
 
 
 I 471 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4512.906 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O. SOI 
 
 
 
 
 
 4518.198 
 
 4 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 3 
 
 0.498 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 44O 
 
 
 
 4518.866 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O. 22O 
 
 
 I O77 
 
 
 
 4522.974 
 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 3 
 
 0.502 W| 
 
 W2 
 
 2 4C4 
 
 
 
 4527.490 
 
 4 
 
 Octuple 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.324 (?) 
 0.162 (2) 
 0.000 (i) 
 
 0.166 (4) 
 
 0.164 (i) 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0.165 (i) 
 
 I.58l 
 0.790 
 0.000 
 
 0.800 
 o.ooo 
 
 0.805 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.338 (7) 
 
 
 I 64O 
 
 
 
 4529.656 
 4533- 4 J 9 
 
 2 
 
 <; 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.358 w 2 
 0.469 
 
 0.278 Wi 
 
 1-745 
 
 2 282 
 
 1-355 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4534.139 
 
 6 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 0.360 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 
 4534.953 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.449 
 
 
 2 l8? 
 
 
 hanced line 
 
 4535.741 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 424 
 
 
 
 
 
 4536.094 
 
 s 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.323 
 
 
 I ^7O 
 
 
 
 4536.222 
 
 3 
 
 Unaffected? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No resolution. Blend with 36 094 
 
 4537.389 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.355 
 
 
 1 . 72C 
 
 
 may conceal slight widening of 
 -comp. 
 
 4544-iQO 
 4544 . 864 
 
 I 
 3 
 
 Quadruple? 
 Octuple 
 
 I 
 
 3,3 
 
 0.308 
 0-334 (7) 
 0.168 (2) 
 
 0.000 (i) 
 
 0.170(4) 
 
 O 312 (?) 
 
 W 2 
 
 0.171 (i) 
 
 o.ooo (2) 
 
 0.166 (i) 
 
 1.492 
 1.617 
 0.813 
 
 o.ooo 
 
 0.823 
 
 0.828 
 o.ooo 
 0.804 
 
 Comps. in all respects similar to 
 X 4427. 490 
 
 4548.938 
 4549 . 808 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 Septuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 o . 560 Wi 
 o 440 
 
 W 2 
 
 2.706 
 
 2 I2S 
 
 
 n-comps. have inner fringes. 
 Probably 3 p-comps. 
 
 4552.632 
 
 4 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 3 
 
 0.510 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 460 
 
 
 
 4555-662 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. <;o6 
 
 
 2 4^8 
 
 
 
 4560.102 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 44.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 4562.814 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.424 
 
 
 ' f - 1 45 
 2 036 
 
 
 
 4563 . 939 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 276 
 
 
 
 
 
 4568.499 
 4571.095 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Quintuple? 
 Triple 
 
 ~,2 
 2 
 
 n.m. 
 
 O.22I 
 
 0.293 
 
 i o<c8 
 
 1.404 
 
 Only central 7i-comp. visible. 
 Line probably similar to 
 X 4464. 617 
 
 4572.156 
 
 70 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 319 
 
 
 
 
 
 4590. 126 
 
 3 
 
 Octuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 Pair 111,0.549 (2) 
 Pair II, 0.360 (3) 
 
 0.288 
 
 2.606 
 
 1-367 
 
 6 -comps. not completely re- 
 solved 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I, o 165 (2) 
 
 
 o 781 
 
 
 
 4599.408 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.423 
 
 
 2 OOO 
 
 
 
 4617.452 
 
 4 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 404 Wi 
 
 W2 
 
 i 8o< 
 
 
 
 4623.279 
 
 3 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.379 W 2 
 
 W3 
 
 I 772 
 
 
 #-comps 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 4629.521 
 
 4638.050 
 
 4639.538 
 4639.846 
 
 4640.119 
 4645 . 368 
 4650.193 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 comps. 
 
 Triple 
 Octuple? 
 Quadruple? 
 
 Sextuple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 3,3 
 3 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 3,3 
 3 
 3 
 
 Pair III, 0.873(1) 
 Pair 11,0.535 (2) 
 Pair 1,0.173 (4) 
 0.528 
 0.594 W 3 
 0-549 
 
 Pair 11,0.864 (i) 
 Pair 1,0.535(1) 
 0.880 
 
 o.733 w. 
 
 0.172 (2) 
 
 o.ooo (3) 
 
 0.180 (2) 
 
 0.224 
 n.m. 
 
 0-353 
 
 W 2 
 
 4.072 
 2.496 
 0.807 
 2-455 
 2-759 
 2-550 
 
 4-013 
 2.485 
 4.079 
 
 3-390 
 
 0.802 
 
 0.000 
 
 0.840 
 1 .040 
 
 1.640 
 
 #-comps. 
 
 Probably 3 pairs n-comps. 
 Blend prevents measurement of 
 p-comps, 
 
 Violet comp. 3/2 stronger than 
 red 
 
40 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OP ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 
 > 
 H 
 CO 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 A' 
 
 
 
 t-H 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 tt-COMP. 
 
 p-COtfP. 
 
 fl-COMP. 
 
 p-COUP. 
 
 
 4,6 cfi 644 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 O 2QS 
 
 
 1 . 360 
 
 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 Wj 
 
 Wj 
 
 
 
 Not resolved. -comp. has strong 
 
 4667 768 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 602 
 
 
 center with fringes. Enhanced 
 line 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o c;o6 
 
 
 2 31? 
 
 
 
 4682 088 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 820 
 
 
 
 ^688 CS4 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I ?74 
 
 
 
 4.6OI <s2^ 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 r> AAJ 
 
 Wl 
 
 2 OO3 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 S.SS 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 367 W2 
 
 Ws 
 
 I 662 
 
 
 n-comps. fringed 
 
 47IO ^68 
 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 
 Pair II, 0.486 (i) 
 
 
 2 . 191 
 
 
 Single sharp p-comp. Only line 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pair I o 183 (i) 
 
 
 o 82? 
 
 
 of type in spectrum 
 
 4722.797 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,3 
 
 Pair 11,0.555 (i) 
 Pair I, o. 224 (i) 
 
 0.390 
 
 2.488 
 I .004 
 
 1.748 
 
 
 4723-359 
 
 A77 I 2C6 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 
 2,2 
 2 
 
 0.453 w 2 
 o 412 
 
 0.226 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.031 
 841 
 
 1.013 
 
 H-comps. fringed 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ?62 
 
 
 
 4.74.2 Q7O 
 
 e 
 
 Triple 
 
 1 
 
 O 2Os 
 
 
 7U 
 
 
 
 471:8 ^08 
 
 a 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 382 
 
 
 .687 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Soc) 
 
 
 
 4.764 108 
 
 i 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line. Unresolved H- 
 
 4.760 ooi 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 O 583 W2 
 
 W2 
 
 2 <62 
 
 
 comp. Diffuse 
 
 4778.441 
 
 4780.169 
 
 4.781 QI7. 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Quadruple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3,2 
 
 .1 
 
 0.338 W 2 
 0.498 
 
 n m Wa 
 
 0.184 
 
 0.243 
 
 O ^14 W2 
 
 1.481 
 2.180 
 
 0.806 
 1.064 
 
 I 277 
 
 Enhanced line 
 All comps. wide and hazy. 
 
 4792 7O2 
 
 7 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O 37O Wa 
 
 W2 
 
 i .6n 
 
 
 Probably 3 pairs -, 2 pairs p- 
 comps. 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 o 848 
 
 
 
 4798.169 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 1,2 
 
 Pair 11,0.594 (2) 
 Pair I, o 218 (i) 
 
 0.388 
 
 2.580 
 
 O.Q47 
 
 1.685 
 
 
 4798-293 
 4799.984 
 4805.285 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 ? 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple 
 
 2,2 
 2,2 
 
 W 3 
 
 0.329 w 2 
 Pair 11,0.643 (i) 
 Pair I o ^64 (^) 
 
 Wj 
 
 0.182 
 0.149 
 
 1.428 
 2.785 
 
 I <77 
 
 0.790 
 0.645 
 
 >i-comps. diffuse, not resolved 
 Enhanced line 
 
 4805 606 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 i 7^:8 
 
 
 
 4808 7 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 i 6<;6 
 
 
 
 4.811 . 27C 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 72O 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 678 
 
 
 
 4827 804 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 7 7 .7 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I ^^6 
 
 
 
 484.1 O74 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 664 
 
 
 
 4848 . 60S 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 o 516 
 
 
 2 IQ? 
 
 
 
 4,8c6 203. 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 1 70 i 
 
 
 
 4864 362 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 i 864 
 
 
 
 4.86? 708 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Titanium? 
 
 4868 4<;i 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 i ^^8 
 
 
 
 487O 3.27. 
 
 e 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 i 640 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 488I.I28 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 o 831 
 
 
 
 4881; 264 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 78l 
 
 
 
 4QOO OQS 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 64 "\ 
 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 Triple? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 401^ 803 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 T AAJ 
 
 
 
 49I5-4I4 
 4920.047 
 4921 .963 
 
 i 
 3 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 3 
 
 O.4I5 W2 
 
 0.387 
 
 0.234 
 
 1.718 
 
 1-599 
 i 812 
 
 0.969 
 
 
 4925.594 
 4926.334 
 4928.511 
 
 4938.467 
 4968 . 769 
 
 4975-530 
 4978.372 
 4981.912 
 4989.325 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 ->I 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 -I I 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 n.m. wj 
 0.509 
 
 0.268 W2 
 
 0.392 
 
 n.m. wj 
 0.414 
 0.238 Wi 
 0.481 
 0.329 
 
 0.365 
 
 Wl 
 
 0.358 
 
 Wl 
 
 2.098 
 1.103 
 i. 608 
 
 1-673 
 0.960 
 1.938 
 1.322 
 
 I-54 
 1-450 
 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 j 
 
 t 
 
 ,x 
 
 AX 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 i 
 
 n-coMF. 
 
 p-COMP. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 p-COUP. 
 
 
 4991 .247 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 458 
 
 
 i 830 
 
 
 
 4997 . 283 
 
 2 
 
 
 -,3 
 
 n.m. 
 
 o 415 
 
 
 1.662 
 
 Numerous w-comps. blurred 
 
 4999 . 689 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.413 
 
 
 i .652 
 
 
 Red n- and ^-comps. stronger 
 than violet 
 
 5001.165 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 
 3 
 
 O.4OS 
 
 Wi 
 
 i .610 
 
 
 
 5007 . 398 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.339 
 
 
 1 .352 
 
 
 
 5008.632 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.414 
 
 
 1 .6 so 
 
 
 
 5009.829 
 
 T 
 
 
 -,2 
 
 n.m. 
 
 o 279 
 
 
 I 112 
 
 
 5010.396 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.354 
 
 W] 
 
 i .410 
 
 
 
 5013.479 
 
 s 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.455 
 
 
 1.811 
 
 
 
 5014.236 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 0.177 
 
 
 0.704 
 
 
 Titanium? 
 
 5014.369 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O. 217 
 
 
 0.863 
 
 
 
 5016.340 
 5020.208 
 5023 052 
 
 5025.027 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Octuple? 
 12 comps.? 
 
 10 comps. 
 
 2,3 
 2,3 
 2,3 
 
 2,2 
 
 0-543 
 0.507 w 3 
 0.466 w 3 
 
 Pair III, 0.684 (i) 
 Pair 11,0.416 (2) 
 Pair I, 0.133 (4) 
 
 0.214 
 0.276 
 0.370 w, 
 
 Pair 11,0.546 (6) 
 Pair I, 0.269 (i) 
 
 2.158 
 
 2.OI2 
 1.847 
 
 2.709 
 1.647 
 
 O- 527 
 
 0.851 
 
 1-095 
 1.466 
 
 2.162 
 1.065 
 
 Probably 3 pairs w-comps. 
 Probably 4 pairs w-comps. 
 ^-comps. have inner fringes 
 
 5025 . 749 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.471 
 
 
 .86; 
 
 
 
 5036 . 089 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O 4.5S 
 
 
 7O4. 
 
 
 
 5036 . 645 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.436 
 
 
 .718 
 
 
 
 5038.579 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O. 34O 
 
 
 72Q 
 
 
 
 5040.138 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.404 
 
 
 . ^QO 
 
 
 
 5053 . 056 
 
 g 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.449 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 7 CO 
 
 
 
 5062 . 285 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.412 
 
 Wi 
 
 i. 608 
 
 
 
 5064 . 244 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 Very faint 
 
 5064.836 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.463 
 
 
 i .805 
 
 
 
 5066.174 
 
 T 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 -,i 
 
 n.m. Wa 
 
 0.407 
 
 
 i <86 
 
 
 5069 . 592 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.235 
 
 
 0.914 
 
 
 
 5071.666 
 5072.479 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 1,1 
 
 3 
 
 . 47O W2 
 
 0.502 
 
 0.275 
 
 1.827 
 
 I OSI 
 
 1.069 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5087 . 239 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.329 
 
 
 i .271 
 
 
 
 5113.617 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.431 
 
 
 1.648 
 
 
 
 5120.592 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O.4.34 
 
 
 i 6<c< 
 
 
 
 5129.336 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.478 
 
 
 i. 812 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5145.636 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O.4Q3 
 
 
 i 862 
 
 
 
 5147.652 
 
 5 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 O.8O5 W 2 
 
 Ws 
 
 3.038 
 
 
 Probably more than 7 comps. 
 
 5152.361 
 
 | 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 3 
 
 o. 671 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2.1:28 
 
 
 ^-comps. almost resolved 
 
 5154.244 
 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.666 Wz 
 
 Wj 
 
 2.5O7 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5173.917 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 o. 292 
 
 
 .OOI 
 
 
 
 5186.073 
 
 8 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.385 
 
 
 472 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 5188.863 
 
 T? 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 O ?I2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5193.139 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.468 
 
 
 . 73C 
 
 
 
 5201.260 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.648 Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 
 
 39^ 
 
 
 
 5206.215 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5210.555 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.547 
 
 
 2 014 
 
 
 
 5219.875 
 
 4 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 
 0.326 (2) 
 
 w-> 
 
 i . 191 
 
 
 Unsymmetrical. Probably 4 n- 
 
 
 
 
 
 normal 
 
 
 
 
 comps., 2 violet blended, 2 red 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 264 (i) 
 
 
 o 060 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.400 (i) 
 
 
 1.468 
 
 
 0.062 to violet from normal. 
 
 5222.849 
 
 S223-79I 
 
 5224.471 
 5224.712 
 5225.198 
 5226.707 
 5238.742 
 5247.466 
 5252.276 
 
 5255-973 
 5260.142 
 5262.321 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 IO 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 Unaffected 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 0-437 
 0.631 
 0.608 
 0.548 
 
 0-349 
 0.379 wi 
 
 0.773 W 2 
 
 0.686 w 2 
 0.647 wi 
 0.430 
 
 0.739 W2 
 
 Wi 
 W2 
 W 2 
 Wi 
 
 W 3 
 
 1.887 
 2.312 
 2.227 
 2.007 
 1.277 
 1.381 
 2.808 
 2.487 
 2.342 
 
 1-554 
 2.671 
 
 
 
 All comps. measured from nor- 
 mal 
 
 Enhanced line 
 Enhanced line 
 
42 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS or ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 
 > 
 H 
 
 c/5 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 A 
 
 x 
 
 X 
 
 AX 
 
 fV 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 H 
 
 fc 
 
 I I 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 W-COMP. 
 
 p-COitP. 
 
 n-coMp. 
 
 p-coup. 
 
 
 ^263.660 
 
 I 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 701 wi 
 
 
 2.530 
 
 
 
 5266 141 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 4.08 
 
 
 i 706 
 
 
 
 5282 . 576 
 
 2 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 n.m. wj 
 
 W2 
 
 
 
 
 caS^ 613 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 4.60 
 
 
 i 680 
 
 
 
 5284 281 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 5295 .955 
 
 3 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 562 wi 
 
 Wj 
 
 2.004 
 
 
 
 C2Q7 4.O7 
 
 c 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o ^80 
 
 
 i ?86 
 
 
 
 ^208 672 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.47^ 
 
 
 I .602 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 4.CK 
 
 
 I 7^8 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 C2CI 26l 
 
 4 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 487 wj 
 
 Wi 
 
 I . 7OI 
 
 
 
 t;^6o 782 
 
 sr 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.480 
 
 
 1.665 
 
 
 
 5381 221 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 44O 
 
 
 I C2O 
 
 
 Enhanced line 
 
 <?oo 203 
 
 i 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 O.422 
 
 
 I .AC2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 488 
 
 
 I 67 <I 
 
 
 X by Fiebig 
 
 CAQA 2l6 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 O 7^ Wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 ?I7 
 
 
 X by Fiebig 
 
 <4.OQ 823 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. 501 
 
 
 I .712 
 
 
 
 5418.979 
 
 3 
 
 10 comps. 
 Triple 
 
 1,2 
 
 2 
 
 0.538 w 3 
 
 O 7<? 
 
 0.346 w 2 
 
 1.832 
 
 2 <<CS 
 
 1.178 
 
 Probably 6 -, 4 p-comps. En- 
 hanced line 
 
 ej.74, 4.26 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 
 o <;i2 
 
 
 I 7OO 
 
 
 Blend makes measurement dif- 
 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 620 
 
 
 2 066 
 
 
 ficult 
 
 Ci8l 6l2 
 
 4 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O. <C4Q 
 
 
 1.827 
 
 
 
 5482 078 
 
 4 
 
 ? 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 n.m. 
 
 
 
 Numerous n- and />-comps. 
 
 1:488 *7J. 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I 
 
 o ^8 Wi 
 
 
 I 122 
 
 
 blurred 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 O 3QO W2 
 
 Wa 
 
 I 204. 
 
 
 K-comps. fringed 
 
 
 K 
 
 Triple 
 
 2, 
 
 O ?I ? 
 
 
 I . 7OO 
 
 
 
 EX I 2 74.1 
 
 12 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o. ?6? 
 
 
 1.869 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o ^6^ 
 
 
 I IQ3 
 
 
 
 cci4. 7^3 
 
 12 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 466 
 
 
 I . 112 
 
 
 
 5565-70 
 
 8 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 2 
 
 0-475 W 2 
 o <o8 
 
 0.287 
 
 1-533 
 
 I lO'C 
 
 0.926 
 
 
 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 I 802 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 676 wi 
 
 Wi 
 
 2 IOO 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 462 
 
 
 1 .441 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 7<\I 
 
 
 
 5689.694 
 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 
 0.515 W2 
 
 W 2 
 
 I-59I 
 I IIO 
 
 
 -comps. fringed and diffuse 
 
 5708.435 
 5712.098 
 5714.120 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 ft 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Unaffected 
 Triple 
 
 2,1 
 2,1 
 
 2 
 
 O . 846 Wz 
 0.790 W 3 
 
 o 623 
 
 Q-373 
 0.360 
 
 2.596 
 2.421 
 
 I 007 
 
 1-145 
 1.103 
 
 X by Fiebig 
 
 5716.671 
 5720.666 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Quintuple 
 
 2,2 
 1,2 
 
 0.673 w 3 
 
 0.473 (i) 
 
 o ooo (2) 
 
 0.502 
 0.882 
 
 2.059 
 
 1-445 
 o.ooo 
 
 1-536 
 2-695 
 
 Difficult 
 
 
 
 
 
 o.476-(i) 
 
 
 1-454 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 i 684 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o >;o8 
 
 
 I. S42 
 
 
 
 5762.479 
 
 i 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 
 n.m. ws 
 
 Wj 
 
 I 6OQ 
 
 
 -comps. diffuse, barely sep- 
 arated 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 7O7 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 
 n.m Viz 
 
 W} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 
 
 I 807 
 
 
 
 5804.479 
 5823.910 
 5866.675 
 5880.490 
 5899.518 
 5903-555 
 5918.773 
 5922-334 
 5938-035 
 
 594L985 
 5953-386 
 
 2 
 2 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 Triple? 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Sextuple? 
 Sextuple 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 2,2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2,1 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 0.634 wi 
 
 0.480 W2 
 
 o 674 
 0.830 
 0.656 
 0.876 
 0.882 
 0.312 
 0.840 Wj 
 Pair II, 0.905 (2) 
 Pair 1, 0.295 (3) 
 0.637 
 
 Wl 
 
 0.268 
 
 0.226 
 
 0.547 
 
 1.882 
 
 I-4I5 
 1.958 
 2.401 
 1.885 
 
 2.SI3 
 2.518 
 0.890 
 2.382 
 
 2.563 
 0.836 
 1.798 
 
 0.790 
 
 0.641 
 1-549 
 
 Red comp. strongest? 
 p-corap. scarcely resolved 
 
MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM. 
 
 TABLE 2. MEASUREMENTS OF ZEEMAN EFFECT FOR TITANIUM Continued. 
 
 43 
 
 ^ 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 V) 
 
 CHARACTER 
 
 | 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,X 
 
 A> 
 
 A 2 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 g 
 
 HH 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 K-COMP. 
 
 p-COOP. 
 
 -COMP. 
 
 p-COUP. 
 
 
 t;o66 .o<< 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 O tCQO 
 
 
 I 6l7 
 
 
 
 5978.768 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.533 
 
 
 1 .491 
 
 
 
 5999 .920 
 
 7 
 
 Quadruple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 823 wi 
 
 W2 
 
 2 286 
 
 
 
 6064. 8*3t 
 
 1 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 a I<I 
 
 
 
 6085.470 
 
 6091 .395 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 Sextuple? 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 
 3 
 
 I . OOI Wj 
 
 o 670 
 
 0.307 
 
 2.703 
 
 I 83 
 
 0.829 
 
 
 6093 . 030 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.755 
 
 
 2 .034 
 
 
 
 6098.870 
 
 7 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o. 563 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 
 I . ei4 
 
 
 
 6121.215 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.622 
 
 
 1.660 
 
 
 
 6126 .435 
 
 | 
 
 Septuple? 
 
 2 
 
 o . 706 Wi 
 
 Wa 
 
 1.881 
 
 
 w-comps. fringed. Probably 3 
 
 6146.445 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.476 
 
 
 .260 
 
 
 ^-comps. 
 
 
 I 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 698 
 
 
 8d< 
 
 
 
 6215.630 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 0.697 
 
 
 .804 
 
 
 
 6220.700 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.618 
 
 
 597 
 
 
 
 6221 .552 
 
 T 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.511 
 
 
 . 320 
 
 
 
 6258.322 
 
 TO 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.661 
 
 
 .688\ 
 
 1 
 
 Red -comp. of first line blended 
 
 6258.927 
 
 17 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o 714 
 
 
 -82 3 [ 
 
 t 
 
 with violet comp. of second 
 
 6261 . 316 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 556 
 
 
 418 
 
 
 
 6303-985 
 6312.456 
 
 6318.239 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 Octuple? 
 Octuple? 
 
 Triple 
 
 2,2 
 2,2 
 
 2 
 
 0.565 w 3 
 o . 766 w 3 
 
 0.529 
 
 0-554 
 0.463 wi 
 
 .422 
 -923 
 
 -335 
 
 1-394 
 i . 162 
 
 w-comps. very wide and diffuse. 
 Probably at least 3 pairs 
 -comps. wide, not so diffuse as 
 6304 . Probably 3 pairs. Pos- 
 sibly 4 ^-comps. 
 
 6336.329 
 
 ^ 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 0.606 
 
 
 .510 
 
 
 
 6366 . 564 
 
 4 
 
 Triple? 
 
 2 
 
 o 671 Wi 
 
 
 .6?5 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Sextuple? 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 840 
 
 
 Xby Fiebig 
 
 6491 . 800 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 7<2 
 
 
 .785 
 
 
 Enhanced line Tit Not given by 
 
 6497 840 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 86? 
 
 
 Fiebig for arc 
 
 6508.380 
 
 2 
 
 ? 
 
 T 
 
 I 318 Ws 
 
 
 3.112 
 
 
 w-comps. very wide and diffuse 
 
 6513.300 
 
 7 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 o. 610 
 
 
 1.438 
 
 
 Enhanced line Tif Not given by 
 
 6546.479 
 
 X 
 
 Triple 
 
 2 
 
 O 4<Q 
 
 
 i .071 
 
 
 Fiebig for arc 
 
 6554.470 
 
 9 
 
 Triple 
 
 J 
 
 o. 795 
 
 
 1.851 
 
 
 
 6trc6 308 
 
 
 Triple 
 
 3 
 
 o 896 
 
 
 2 085 
 
 
 
 6ct;o 8is 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 i ?8o 
 
 
 Ti? Not given by Fiebig 
 
 6c6<; 783 
 
 
 Sextuple' 
 
 
 
 
 2 ^2O 
 
 
 
 6575 .437 
 
 2 
 
 Triple? 
 
 I- 
 
 
 
 1.480 
 
 
 X by Fiebig 
 
 6S99-353 
 6606.160 
 6666.714 
 6667 998 
 
 r 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Triple 
 Quadruple? 
 Triple? 
 Triple? 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 0.711 
 0.881 wi 
 
 0.753 Wi 
 
 Wl 
 Wi 
 
 1.633 
 
 2.019 
 
 1.694 
 
 
 Ti? Not given by Fiebig 
 X by Fiebig. Blended with flut- 
 
 6716.922 
 6717.964 
 6743-381 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 Triple 
 
 I 
 il 
 2 
 
 0.772 
 0.862 
 0.759 
 
 
 1 .711 
 
 1.910] 
 
 1 .669 
 
 
 ing lines 
 
TYPES OF SEPARATION. 
 
 The number of lines for each type of separation, including both the clear and the doubtful cases, is 
 given in Table 3. For the quadruplets, sextuplets, and septuplets, the questioned lines greatly out- 
 number the clear cases. For example, iron shows only two clear septuplets and titanium two clear quad- 
 ruplets. A strong field will probably show that these doubtful lines have usually been correctly classi- 
 fied as to number of components, but actual measurements for the unresolved components are at present 
 lacking. 
 
 TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF TYPES or SEPARATION. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 Unaffected 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Triple 
 
 2Q7 
 
 
 Quadruple . . 
 
 AQ 
 
 28 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 Sextuple . . . 
 
 118 
 
 77 
 
 Septuple 
 
 VI 
 
 12 
 
 Octuple 
 
 6 
 
 
 9 components 
 
 
 
 10 components 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 ii components 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 12 components 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 13 components 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Unclassified . 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 662 
 
 Atfl 
 
 
 
 
 i. UNAFFECTED LINES. 
 
 A number of lines in each spectrum show no tendency toward separation or even widening by a 
 magnetic field as high as 20,000 gausses. The light giving such lines is unpolarized so that a single 
 sharp line appears in the magnetic field spectrum, whatever the optical system may be. The num- 
 ber of these lines is not large, the undoubted cases being as herewith : 
 
 
 IKON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 ^3746. 058 
 3767.341 
 3773-803 
 
 3786 820 
 
 \38so.n8 
 
 SI23-899 
 5434.740 
 
 \4295.Qi4 
 5222.849 
 5714.120 
 
 
 
 
 2. TRIPLETS. 
 
 The number of triplets is larger than that of any other one type, the number of clear cases, i.e., those 
 whose components show no widening which would indicate that they are compound, being 297 for iron 
 and 247 for titanium. The relation of the separation of these to the "normal interval" will be treated 
 in another part of this paper. 
 
 A rather curious mistake has found its way into the literature based on some lines in the iron spec- 
 trum. Becquerel and Deslandres in their first publication (9) gave X 3865.674 as an "inverted triplet," 
 having but a single w-component and two /^-components. This evidently arose from under-exposure of their 
 photographs for the -component, as in their next paper (10) they gave the correct character of this line, 
 44 
 
TYPES OF SEPARATION. 45 
 
 it being a quintuplet with three n- and two /(-components, the central w-component being strongest. 
 Reese (12) made the same error concerning both this line and X 3643.469, together with another farther 
 to the violet. Kent (13) followed with a publication in which the lines are correctly described. Cotton (i) 
 calls attention to the confusion which has come about and gives the correct structure. Runge (*) cites 
 the first paper of Becquerel and Deslandres and that of Reese concerning the inverted triplet, without 
 noting that the error had been corrected in each case by later publications, though Runge later (2^) repro- 
 duced the diagram of Becquerel and Deslandres from their second paper, in which the correct structure 
 of these lines is given. Other works on spectroscopy speak of the inverted triplet, the basis for this 
 being the publications which have been mentioned. No real case of the inverted triplet has presented 
 itself in the iron or titanium spectrum, nor, so far as the author is aware, does such a type exist in any other 
 spectrum. Apparent examples of such inversion are likely to appear on plates not fully exposed, since 
 some quintuplets, \4464.6i7 of titanium for example, show a central w-component very much stronger 
 than the two outer ones, so that the central component may easily appear alone. 
 
 The tendency of Zeeman components to follow the appearance of the no-field line as regards sharp- 
 ness or diffuseness frequently makes it difficult to judge whether a line is a true triplet or not. If the 
 lack of sharpness is not due to the character of the no-field line, a doubtful triplet may be (i) a quadruplet 
 if the diffuse /(-component is really double, (2) a sextuplet if each of the three widened n- and ^-com- 
 ponents are double, (3) a septuple! if the two w-components are double and the /(-component has three 
 close constituents. Still higher separations for doubtful triplets are not impossible, but probably there 
 are very few such. The criterion for distinguishing between these possible types is given on p. 19. 
 
 3. QUADRUPLETS. 
 
 The unquestioned quadruplet is somewhat rare. The great majority of lines having two n- and two 
 /(-components have their w-components widened to some extent and are usually classed as doubtful 
 sextuplets, since so many of these have been resolved by the strongest fields used that it seems probable 
 that a still stronger field would show four w-components for such lines in every case. Occasionally, how- 
 ever, the two w-components are sharp. The relative separation of n- and /(-components varies greatly 
 for different lines, but the /(-components are almost always closer together. The most decided excep- 
 tion is the titanium line X 4398.460, apparently a quadruplet, whose w-components show only two-thirds 
 the separation of the p pair. 
 
 4. QUINTUPLETS. 
 
 The quintuplet appears least often of any of the less complex types. As a rule this separation gives 
 three n- and two /(-components, the distance between the /(-components being the same as between the 
 outer w-components. The central w-component is the strongest of the three, and the effect when the light 
 is observed at right angles to the lines of force without a Nicol prism is to give a triplet, the components 
 of which are of about equal intensity, caused by the superposition of the p doublet on the two outer 
 w-components. Good examples are XX3733-469 and 3865.674 of iron, and 4291.114 of titanium. The 
 first two were originally mistaken for "inverted triplets" on account of the strong central -component. 
 Dissymmetry is sometimes present, as in X 5455.834 of iron. A different type is presented in X 4710.368 
 of titanium, which shows four w-components and a single sharp /(-component. No similar line has been 
 observed in either of these spectra. 
 
 5. SEXTUPLETS. 
 
 This type usually has the two pairs of w-components of equal intensity, shown by a uniform widening 
 in cases where the pairs are blended. As has been previously noted, the sextuplet is a very common 
 
46 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 type, a great number of lines being classed as probable sextuplets which show as diffuse triplets with this 
 field. A field of considerably greater intensity will probably show these to be similar to most of the sex- 
 tuplets which are fully resolved here. The /'-components of those sextuplets which have been measured 
 are usually rather narrowly separated, while the two pairs of w-components are frequently almost blended. 
 
 6. SEPTUPLETS. 
 
 The prevailing type of septuplet has four n- and three ^-components, the two pairs of w-components 
 not usually being of the same intensity. When blended, the M-components give the "fringed" appear- 
 ance often noted in the "Remarks" column, in which case the weaker pair may be either inside or 
 outside. When the ^-components are not resolved, it is often difficult to distinguish this type from the 
 sextuplet, the difference depending on the existence of a central maximum in the widened ^-component. 
 
 7. OCTUPLETS. 
 
 The typical octuplet has five n- and three />-components, equally spaced. The outer w-components 
 are usually the stronger and the central one quite weak, so that when the three />-components, if the 
 central one is the stronger, are superposed, as when the light is viewed across the lines of force without a 
 Nicol, the effect is to show five components of about equal intensity. Examples of such lines are 
 XX 3743. 508, 3788.046, 5497.735, of iron, and 4281.530, 4527.490, 4544.864, of titanium. The last two 
 were given as septuple ts in my former paper (51) on account of the weakness of the central -com- 
 ponent. Another arrangement is presented by the titanium line X43o8.o8i which has three pairs of 
 ^-components and two ^-components. 
 
 8. NONETS. 
 
 Good examples of lines having nine components are found in XX 3840.580, 4233.772 of iron, and 4471 .408 
 4489.262, 4629.521 of titanium. These have each three pairs of w-components, the innermost pair being 
 strongest, and three /'-components. The type is probably rather common in both spectra, since many 
 lines classed as doubtful septuplets may have a weak outer pair of ^-components, making a total of nine. 
 
 9. MORE COMPLEX TYPES. 
 
 Lines having ten components are represented by XX44I7-884, 4471.017, and 5025.027 of titanium. 
 These are made up in each case of three pairs of n- and two pairs of ^-components. Eleven components 
 are shown by X 3888.671 of iron, which has a central w-component in addition to the pairs of the ten- 
 component type. Several good examples of twelve-component lines are given byXX3722-729, 3872.639, 
 5447.130 of iron and 4289.237 of titanium. These are all of similar structure, having four pairs of 
 w-components, the two inner pairs having the same separation as the two pairs of ^-components. While 
 twelve is the highest number of components which is measurable on my plates, the iron lines XX 4005. 408 
 and 4132.235 are given as probably having thirteen components each. Five ^-components are almost 
 resolved in each case and the wide inner fringes for the -components are estimated to consist of four 
 pairs. Many of the lines whose type is questioned without attempt to estimate the number of compo- 
 nents have probably as many as the most complex of those measured, and some of them possibly more. 
 
 Good examples of almost all of these types of separation are present among the violet iron lines shown 
 in Plate III, which has the advantage of showing the n- and ^-components both separate and in combi- 
 nation, the latter spectrum being taken at right angles to the force-lines without the use of a Nicol prism. 
 Polarization by the grating reduced the intensity of the ^-component for this region of the spectrum, 
 as is shown by the relative weakness of the central component of triplets in the spectra lettered b, for 
 which the Nicol prism was not used. 
 
RELATION OF SEPARATIONS TO THE NORMAL INTERVAL, 
 i. SUMMARIES FOR VARIOUS TYPES. 
 
 The study of how generally the separations observed show a simple relation to the fundamental 
 interval, the theory of which was summarized on p. 4, has been gone into in some detail. The relation 
 
 e H 
 a= 
 m 4TW 
 
 gives a value for a of 0.753 f r H = 16,000, and of 0.812 for H= 17,500, if e/m be taken equal to 1.75 X io 7 . 
 The "normal triplets" for iron and titanium, with the standard field-strengths used in this work, should 
 accordingly show values of AX/X 2 for the distance between the side components of about 1.500 and 1.600 
 respectively. 
 
 In the following summaries an attempt has been made to show to what extent the separations for 
 various classes of lines may be considered as multiples of the interval a. In Table 4 the clear triplets 
 for iron and titanium are thus classified, those triplets given in Tables i and 2 as doubtful not being 
 included. The allowable deviation for any line from the exact multiple was estimated as closely as pos- 
 sible according to the weight of the measurement, knowing the probable error for each weight. Lines 
 not falling into any class are placed in the "Odd" column. In the case of titanium a large proportion 
 of such lines appeared to be definite odd multiples of a/4, while the regular classes consider only multiples 
 of a/2. As in all of the following work relating to the interval a, greater field strength is desirable, as the 
 accuracy of the classification increases with the numerical value of a; but Table 4 shows in a general way 
 how the magnitudes of the separations may be grouped. 
 
 TABLE 4. SEPARATION OF TRIPLETS AS RELATED TO THE NORMAL INTERVAL a. 
 
 
 a 
 
 30/2 
 
 2(1 
 
 5a/2 
 
 3<* 
 
 ?fl/2 
 
 4<i 
 
 5* 
 
 6a 
 
 ODD 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Element, Iron: 
 Wt. 3 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 2? 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 
 Wt. 2.... 
 
 2 
 
 
 IO 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 20 
 
 
 Wt. i 
 
 I 
 
 
 IO 
 
 II 
 
 IO 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 a 
 
 21 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 72 
 
 II 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Element, Titanium: 
 Wt. i... 
 
 
 e 
 
 4.O 
 
 i <; 
 
 14, 
 
 I 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 76 
 
 
 Wt. 2 
 
 c 
 
 e 
 
 27 
 
 i-j 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 21 
 
 90/4, 32 lines 
 " Odd " includes ?fl/4 7 lines' 
 
 Wt. i 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ga/4, 8 lines 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7 
 
 
 7? 
 
 -an 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 O7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The relation of the separation to the normal interval was also studied for those lines which appear 
 on my plates as quadruplets with components in many cases diffuse, indicating a compound structure. 
 The two ^-components are usually fairly sharp, but the re-components are often formed of two or more 
 pairs blended. Close agreement with exact multiples of the normal interval can not be expected for 
 lines of this class, but in the majority of cases the distance between the components of the n and p pairs 
 could be expressed as multiples of a or a/2 closely enough to show a real relation; 66 lines of iron and 
 
 47 
 
INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 49 of titanium were thus treated, and 80 per cent of the former and 75 per cent of the latter were found 
 to show separations related to a in this way. Table 5 gives the number of lines corresponding to each 
 ratio of separation for n- and p-components when these could be expressed in terms of a or a/ 2. 
 
 TABLE 5. SEPARATIONS OF APPARENT QUADRUPLETS IN TERMS OF NORMAL INTERVAL. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 
 No. OF LINES. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 
 No. OF LINES. 
 
 H-COMP. 
 
 ^-COMP. 
 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 n-coMp. 
 
 /l-COMP. 
 
 RATIO. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 M 
 
 3d 
 
 i: 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5<J/2 
 
 a 
 
 5:2 
 
 3 
 
 
 5/2 
 
 SI/2 
 
 i: 
 
 I 
 
 
 70/2 
 
 a 
 
 7:2 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 a 
 
 2: 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 a 
 
 30/2 
 
 2:3 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 2: 
 
 2 
 
 
 M 
 
 30/2 
 
 4=3 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 30/2 
 
 2: 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Si/2 
 
 30/2 
 
 5:3 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 a 
 
 3 = 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 70/2 
 
 3^/2 
 
 7:3 
 
 
 
 ga/2 
 
 30/2 
 
 3 = 
 
 i 
 
 
 SO/2 
 
 M 
 
 5=4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 5 = 
 
 i 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 30/2 
 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 3< 
 
 M 
 
 3=2 
 
 S 
 
 i 
 
 n.m. 
 
 M 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 30/2 
 
 a 
 
 3:2 
 
 i 
 
 
 n.m. 
 
 30 
 
 ... 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Fourteen lines of iron and 13 of titanium gave separations not to be expressed in terms of a/2, but most 
 of these showed a simple ratio between the n and p separations. For iron, 2 lines showed a ratio of i : i, 
 6 lines of 2:1, 2 lines of 3 :i, 2 lines of 4:1. The odd lines of titanium had among them 5 of ratio 2:1, 
 and i of ratio 4:1. 
 
 The more complex lines, so far as they were resolved by the field employed, have been arranged in 
 the following summary. In each case, below the wave-length, the first column gives the interval in 
 terms of a from either the red or the violet component to the center of separation. (The triplets and 
 quadruplets in Tables 4 and 5 have their separations given as the total distance from the red to the violet 
 component.) The second column shows whether it is the n- or ^-component which has this separation. 
 If both letters are present for a given interval, there is a superposition of components having the two 
 polarizations. The last column gives the ratio of the successive intervals. 
 
 Iron: 
 
 X 3718. 554 
 
 S<J/4 2 
 
 50/8 p i 
 o no 
 
 Titanium: 
 
 < 3760.679 
 (_ 3814-671 
 
 X42QI.H4 
 30/2 n,p 
 o n 
 
 QUINTUPLETS. 
 
 3865.674] 
 
 5455 . 834 > have the arrangement 
 
 5603.186) 
 
 , 
 i 
 
 X44&4.6I7 
 
 70/4 n 2 
 
 70/8 p i 
 
 o no 
 
 X 4710.368 
 
 40/3 n 8 
 
 a/2 n 3 
 
 o p o 
 
 X572O.666 
 
 30/2 n,p 
 
 o n 
 
 Iron: 
 
 Titanium 
 
 * 3774-971 
 50/2 n 10 
 53/4 5 
 a p 4 
 
 : X 3982. 142 
 
 31/2 n 3 
 a p 2 
 a/2 n i 
 
 X 4109. 953 
 30/2 n 
 30/4 , 
 
 X4422 
 2 3a/2 
 
 I 
 
 0/2 
 
 X 4321. 119 
 2ia/8 
 7 a/8 n,p 
 
 SEXTUPLETS 
 741 X4447. 
 n 3 2a 
 p 2 33/2 
 n i a 
 
 X 4640.119 
 3 50/2 n 5 
 i 33/2 n 3 
 
 O #1 
 
 892 
 
 n 4 
 3 
 
 /> 2 
 
 X 472 
 
 3</2 
 
 90/8 
 
 W/8 
 
 * 4872. 332 
 
 33 2 
 33/2 ,/> I 
 
 X 6213.644 
 33 n 6 
 33/2 w 3 
 o /> 2 
 
 169 X 4805 
 n 3 30/2 
 
 /> 2 3 
 I 3/2 
 
 .28 S 
 
 3 
 
 n 2 
 < i 
 
 X 633 7. 048 
 33 n 6 
 30/2 n 3 
 
 3 /> J 
 
 30/2 n 3 
 
 3 /> 2 
 3/2 I 
 
 X 4302. 085 
 20 n 8 
 3"/4 P 3 
 
 O/2 2 
 
 2.797 
 H 12 
 
 # 9 
 i 
 
 X 4798 
 
 3a/2 
 a 
 
 3/2 
 
 SEPTUPLETS. 
 
 Iron: 
 
 X 4009. 864 
 20 n 8 
 
 o n 4 
 30/4 # 3 
 
 ^9 
 
 X 4191. 595 
 20 n 2 
 a n,p i 
 o p o 
 
 X 4352. 908 
 
 (20 n 4)? 
 
 30/2 n 3 
 
 a/2 p i 
 
 o p o 
 
 X 5079. 921 
 
 23 n 2 
 
 a n?,p i 
 op o 
 
 Titanium: 
 
 X 4298. 828 
 
 3 2 
 
 3/2 H,p I 
 
 o p o 
 
RELATION OF SEPARATIONS TO THE NORMAL INTERVAL. 
 
 49 
 
 Iron: X 3 748. 408 
 30/2 n 3 
 a n 2 
 
 0/2 ,/>?! 
 
 o /> o 
 
 OCTUPLETS. 
 
 Iron: \3743- 58 X 3788. 046 X 4859. 928 X 5497. 735 
 20 n 2 20 n 2 (30 n 2)? 30 n 2 
 a n,p i a n,p i 30/2 n,p i 30/2 n,p i 
 o n,p o o n,p o o n,p o o ,^> o 
 
 Titanium: X 4281. 530 X 4308.081 X 4527. 490 X 4544. 864 X 4590. 126 
 34 n 2 20 8 20 2 20 2 30/2 n 12 
 30/2 ,^ i 30/2 6 a ,/> i a ,^ i a n 8 
 o n,p o a n 4 o , o o n,p o 70/8 p 7 
 
 30/4 A fit 1 ) yl 
 
 NONETS. 
 
 
 X 3840 . 580 
 
 X 4233. 772 
 
 X 5405. 989 Titanium: X447i.4o8 
 
 X 4489 . 262 
 
 X 4629. 521 
 
 30/2 n 
 
 3 
 
 30 n 
 
 3 
 
 (30/2 
 
 3)? 
 
 210/8 7 
 
 210/8 n 7 
 
 50/2 n 5 
 
 a n 
 
 2 
 
 20 n 
 
 2 
 
 a n 
 
 2 
 
 150/8 n 5 
 
 150/8 n 5 
 
 30/2 3 
 
 a/2 n,p 
 
 I 
 
 a n,p 
 
 I 
 
 a/2 n,p 
 
 I 
 
 9"/8 n 3 
 
 90/8 n 3 
 
 a #2 
 
 o p 
 
 O 
 
 o p 
 
 O 
 
 o p 
 
 O 
 
 30/4 p 2 
 
 30/4 p 2 
 
 0/2 n i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o p o 
 
 o p o 
 
 O p O 
 
 TEN-COMPONENT LINES. 
 
 Titanium: X 441 7. 884 
 
 ? n ? 
 
 a n 8 
 
 30/4 /> 6 
 
 30/8 3 
 
 a/4 p 2 
 
 X 4471. 017 
 90/4 TC 6 
 
 3 /4 4 
 90/8 n,p? 3 
 30/8 i 
 
 X 5025. 027 
 
 30/2 24(5) 
 
 50/4 p 20(4) 
 
 o n 16(3) 
 
 50/8 p 10(2) 
 
 50/16 n 5(1) 
 
 The numbers in parentheses for X 5025.027 give a simpler relation between the intervals than the exact 
 ratio of the multiples of parts of a. Another probable ten-component line 13X3982.630, for which the 
 measurements are poor. Its w-components are in the ratio 5:3:1. 
 
 Iron: X 3888. 671 
 
 30/2 3 
 
 o n,p 2 
 
 a/2 n,p? i 
 
 o n o 
 
 ELEVEN-COMPONENT LINES. 
 
 X 4871. 512 
 (30/2 n 3)? 
 a n,p 2 
 0/2 nf,p i 
 o p o 
 
 Titanium : X 3930 .022 
 
 90/4 n,p 3 
 
 30/2 ,/>? 2 
 
 30/4 n i 
 
 o o 
 
 X 487 1.5 1 2 has its w-components blended, but the structure indicates the above arrangement. 
 The titanium line X392I.563 has probably the same structure as X393O.O22. The w-components 
 have the ratio 3:2:1:0, but the measurements are not good enough to be sure of the relation to a. 
 
 Iron: X 3722. 729 
 
 20 n 4 
 
 30/2 3 
 
 a n,p 2 
 
 a/ 2 ,/>?! 
 
 TWELVE-COMPONENT LINES. 
 X 3872. 639 X 5447. 130 
 20 n 4 20 n 4 
 30/2 n 3 30/2 n 3 
 a n,p 2 a n,p 2 
 
 a/2 n,pfi a 1 2 n,p i 
 
 Titanium: 
 
 X 4289. 237 
 20 n 4 
 
 30/2 3 
 a n,p 2 
 0/2 n,p i 
 
 2. DISCUSSION OF RELATIONS TO NORMAL INTERVAL. 
 
 It is shown in Table 4 that for iron two-thirds and for titanium over one-half of the clear triplets 
 are separated by the intervals 2a, 50/2 and 30. For both elements, however, a very large majority have 
 separations of this order of magnitude, since almost all of the lines classified as "odd" give intervals 
 within this range, the numbers corresponding to 7*1/4 and 90/4 of weights i and 2 being given for titanium 
 in the "Remarks" column. A more precise classification, in which smaller fractional parts of a can be 
 used, must await an investigation with greater field-strength, which will also decide the structure of 
 most of the doubtful triplets, the separation of which is not included in any of these summaries. 
 
 Table 5 shows how generally the separations of those lines showing two n- and two /'-components 
 can be expressed in terms of the interval a, also the wide variety of separations which prevails. The ratios 
 of 2 : i and 3 : i predominate for both elements. As has been previously noted, the /'-components almost 
 always show the narrower separation. 
 4 
 
50 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 The ease with which the separations of the complex lines both in iron and titanium can be expressed 
 in terms of a affords a confirmation of Runge's law, since failure to give approximation to exact multiples 
 of a appears to occur only in the case of measurements of small weight. It has been necessary only in 
 a very few cases to use multiples of any quantity smaller than a/4, so that errors of measurement are 
 seldom large enough to influence the ratios found. This question will become of more importance when 
 very close components are resolved by a stronger field. 
 
 The presence of "magnetic duplicates," lines exactly similar in structure, with the same intervals 
 between components, furnishes a means of selecting lines which may be connected by series relations. 
 Such duplicates occur for almost every type of separation. Six quintuplets of iron and two of titanium 
 show the same structure and intervals. These are XX 3 733 .469, 3760.679, 3814.671, 3865.674, 5455.834, 
 5603.186 of iron and 4291.114, 5720.666 of titanium. Several types of sextuplets appear. The red lines 
 of ironXX62i3-644 and 6337.048 are duplicates, also the titanium lines XX3982.I42, 4798.169, and 5491.985. 
 Duplicate septuplets of iron areXX4i9i.s85 and 5079.921. The only titanium septuplet fully resolved, 
 X 4298.828, has the same structure. The four iron octuplets are of the same appearance but have dif- 
 ferent spacing, XX3743-5o8 and 3788.046 being alike, as are probably also XX4859-928 and 5497.735, 
 though the former was not fully measurable. The blue octuplets of titanium XX452749O and 4544.864 
 are also duplicates. The iron nine-component lines XX 3 748. 408 and 3840.580 are alike, and X 5405. 989 
 has probably the same intervals. Another spacing is shown by the titanium duplicates XX 447 1 .408 and 
 4489.262. The lines of iron which probably have ten components are not fully resolved, while the three 
 titanium lines show diverse arrangements. Perhaps the finest examples of spacing in multiples of a are 
 the twelve-component lines XX3722.729, 3872.639, 5447.130 of iron, which are exact duplicates, while 
 X4289-237 of titanium is in all respects similar. 
 
 POSSIBLE RELATIONS BETWEEN LINES AS INDICATED BY THE ZEEMAN EFFECT. 
 
 It is hoped that the measurements presented in this paper, especially the summary of complex sepa- 
 rations given on pp. 48 and 49, may eventually aid in finding definite relations among the lines of these 
 spectra. At present, nothing conclusive along this line is to be offered. Numerous cases of magnetic 
 duplicates have been shown to exist in both spectra. Such lines, especially if they are in the same part 
 of the spectrum, are often affected in the same way as to change of intensity in various light sources 
 and show a similar magnitude of displacement by pressure. The same vibrating particle probably pro- 
 duces them. 
 
 The differences in wave-number (i/X) have been formed for the various pairs of magnetic duplicates. 
 Only one case was found where two pairs of magnetic duplicates have the same difference of wave-number. 
 The iron octuplets XX 3 743. 508 and 3788.046 have exactly the same difference in wave-number (314) as 
 the sextuplets XX63I3.644 and 6337.048. No case was found where two pairs of magnetic duplicates 
 of the same type have the same difference, though this was tried wherever promising, both between known 
 duplicates and as a means of finding new pairs. The differences between duplicates were found to vary 
 greatly for each element and to bear no simple relation to one another; so that as yet no clue has been 
 found which will serve in building up series relations. 
 
IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 *37i8. 554 
 3760.679 
 3892.069 
 
 3952-754 
 4878.407 
 
 5324-373 
 5455-834 
 
 X 3998. 790 
 4009.807 
 4298.828 
 4645.368 
 4997 . 283 
 5219-875 
 5903-S55 
 
 CASES OF DISSYMMETRY. 
 
 There are but few striking examples of dissymmetry in the iron and titanium spectra, either in spacing 
 of the components or in the intensities of the violet and red components. However, fourteen lines show- 
 ing distinct dissymmetry may be listed as shown herewith: 
 
 The nature of the dissymmetry is covered in each case in the 
 "Remarks" column. Several triplets show either the red or the violet 
 component decidedly stronger. Quintuplets are likely to show irregular 
 spacing or intensity, or both, as in the cases of XX 37 18.554, 3760.679 and 
 5455.834, of iron. The last line has its central w-component moved dis- 
 tinctly to the red from the position of the no-field line (see Plate IV). 
 The titanium septuplet X 4298.828 shows three /(-components, the interval 
 between the central and violet components being about two-thirds that 
 
 between the central and red. This line appears on Plate V. Several of the other lines are of complex 
 type and highly unsymmetrical. 
 
 The plates taken in this investigation are for the most part not suitable for the detection of a differ- 
 ence in the spacing from the central line of the violet and red component of triplets, since a Nicol was 
 almost always used to separate the n- and ^-components. However, two of the best plates in the set 
 were taken without a Nicol for the iron spectrum in the blue and violet regions and include most of the 
 lines mentioned by Zeeman (30) as showing a difference in the intensity or in the spacing of the violet and 
 red components. These plates were taken with a field-strength of 19,500 gausses. A set of measure- 
 ments was made for the sharpest triplets occurring in this region to test the question of a difference in 
 the spacing of the violet and red components from the central line. The method was to make settings 
 successively on the violet, central, and red components, and then repeat in the inverse direction, con- 
 tinuing until four sets of readings were obtained from which the mean distance to each side component 
 was computed. The measurements given in Table 6 are the mean of two independent sets taken in this 
 way, which in general agreed closely. Thus each value of AX is the mean of eight determinations of the 
 interval in question. The values of AX are not reduced to the standard field. Differences in favor of the 
 violet interval are +, those in favor of the red interval . 
 
 TABLE 6. SPACING OF VIOLET AND RED COMPONENTS OF IRON TRIPLETS FROM THE CENTRAL COMPONENT. 
 
 
 AX 
 
 
 
 AX 
 
 
 X 
 
 CENTER TO 
 
 CENTER TO 
 
 DIFFERENCE. 
 
 X 
 
 CENTER TO 
 
 CENTER TO 
 
 DDJFERENCE. 
 
 
 VIOLET. 
 
 RED. 
 
 
 
 VIOLET. 
 
 RED. 
 
 
 3687.610 
 
 0.204 
 
 o. 198 
 
 +0.006 
 
 3920.410 
 
 0.231 
 
 0.218 
 
 +0.013 
 
 3709.389 
 
 O.2OO 
 
 O.2OI 
 
 o.ooi 
 
 3923.054 
 
 0.228 
 
 0.223 
 
 + 0.005 
 
 3758-37S 
 
 0.179 
 
 0.165 
 
 +0.014 
 
 3928.075 
 
 0.227 
 
 0.223 
 
 +0.004 
 
 3763.945 
 
 0.148 
 
 0.136 
 
 + O.OI2 
 
 3930.450 
 
 0.230 
 
 O.22I 
 
 +0.009 
 
 3765.689 
 
 0-153 
 
 0.142 
 
 + O.OII 
 
 3997-547 
 
 0.173 
 
 0.168 
 
 +0.005 
 
 3798.655 
 
 O.2I2 
 
 O.2O9 
 
 +0.003 
 
 4063 . 759 
 
 0.179 
 
 0.177 
 
 + O.OO2 
 
 3799.693 
 
 0.213 
 
 O.2II 
 
 + O.OO2 
 
 4236.112 
 
 0.285 
 
 0.280 
 
 + 0.005 
 
 3827.980 
 
 0.153 
 
 0.139 
 
 +0.014 
 
 4260.640 
 
 0.278 
 
 0.272 
 
 + 0.006 
 
 3856.524 
 
 0.222 
 
 0.213 
 
 +0.009 
 
 427I-934 
 
 0.218 
 
 0.216 
 
 + O.OO2 
 
 3860.055 
 
 O.2I7 
 
 O.2I9 
 
 O.O02 
 
 4308.081 
 
 O.2OO 
 
 0.194 
 
 + 0.006 
 
 3886.434 
 
 o. 225 
 
 0.214 
 
 + O.OII 
 
 432S-939 
 
 0.170 
 
 0.161 
 
 + 0.009 
 
 3895-803 
 
 0.223 
 
 0.223 
 
 o.ooo 
 
 4383.720 
 
 O.2I7 
 
 O.2IO 
 
 + 0.007 
 
 3899.850 
 
 0.225 
 
 O.22I 
 
 +0.004 
 
 4404.927 
 
 0.212 
 
 0.208 
 
 + 0.004 
 
52 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 These measurements are intended only as a preliminary test of the reality of the difference in triplet 
 spacings. The evidence, however, points strongly to the existence of a true difference for many, if not 
 all triplets. Only 3 out of 26 lines fail to show a larger interval for the violet component. Although the 
 settings on a component seldom show a range greater than 0.004 A, which would indicate a very small 
 probable error in the mean of 8 determinations, it is likely that the actual probable error of the indi- 
 vidual differences shown in Table 6 may amount to 0.003 or 0-004 A as a result of systematic errors in 
 the settings due to the character of the lines. The mean of all the differences is + 0.006 A, with a calcu- 
 lated probable error of o.ooi A, which can scarcely leave any doubt as to the reality of the difference. 
 
 The measurements show that the magnitude of the difference can hardly be the same for all of the 
 lines. The true probable error will then be somewhat smaller than that given above, which would only 
 make the evidence for the reality of the dissymmetry predicted by Voigt the stronger. The lines from 
 X 3930.450 toward the violet, 17 in number, are with one exception either normal triplets or have the separ- 
 ation 30, usually the latter. Of the 9 lines showing a difference greater than 0.008 A, 3 are normal trip- 
 lets and 4 have a separation of 30. The question of dissymmetry seems worthy of investigation through 
 a long range of field-strengths for these lines, especially to test the generality of the change of spacing 
 with the square of the field-strength observed for one of the lines in the mercury spectrum (see p. 5). 
 
 An element which might sometimes affect the spacing of Zeeman components is the apparent differ- 
 ence in the wave-lengths of arc and spark lines. The spark is made more disruptive by the magnetic 
 field, and a greater disruptiveness seems in general to cause the lines of the spark to be moved slightly 
 toward the red as compared with their positions in the arc spectrum. The reality of this effect is still 
 a disputed question, but evidence published by a number of observers, as well as some photographs of 
 the arc and spark which I have taken for this portion of the iron spectrum, indicate that measurements 
 taken in the regular way will give a slightly greater wave-length for the spark lines, the difference being 
 greatest for a very disruptive spark. If this effect has a part in the Zeeman phenomenon, we should 
 expect all components of the triplet to be displaced alike. The greater strength of the middle component, 
 however, would probably make the effect more perceptible for this, as the apparent displacement is more 
 or less combined with unsymmetrical widening and is usually more distinct for strong lines. However, 
 in the photographs from which the measurements of Table 6 were taken, triplets to the violet of X 4000 
 show the middle component only about as strong as either side component on account of the polariza- 
 tion given by the angle of the grating used, so that the conditions of the spark discharge would not seem 
 to be adequate to explain the difference in spacing, unless the direction of vibration of the electrons, 
 parallel or perpendicular to the lines of force, affects their susceptibility to the displacing action of the 
 spark discharge. On this point we have no evidence. 
 
 The other point of dissymmetry predicted by Voigt, a greater strength for the red component of the 
 triplet, is quite perceptible for many lines, especially in the iron spectrum. The difference is rarely greater 
 than 10 per cent., and, to be clearly detected, the two components must be distinct but not of full density, 
 since blackness of the components in the negative destroys so slight a difference. On account of this 
 necessity for just the right degree of exposure, it is difficult to say how general the phenomenon is, but it 
 is certainly present for many lines. 
 
LAW OF CHANGE OF THE AVERAGE SEPARATION OF THE ^-COMPONENTS 
 
 WITH THE WAVE-LENGTH. 
 
 A glance through Tables i and 2 shows that for both iron and titanium the tendency is for the values 
 of AX gradually to increase as we pass to greater wave-lengths, while the values of AX/X 2 remain of about 
 the same magnitude throughout. A statistical study of this apparent constancy of the averages AX/X 2 
 has been made; and both the range of wave-length and the number of lines available are sufficient to 
 show clearly how the matter stands. 
 
 The method of treatment has been to obtain the mean value of AX/X 2 for the w-components for each 
 500 A from X37oo to X67oo. When there are two or more pairs of w-components the mean of the separa- 
 tions is taken. This is necessary for the sake of consistency if any lines other than clear triplets or quad- 
 ruplets are to be considered, since the measurement of the widened -components given by a great many 
 lines is merely the mean separation of two or more unresolved pairs. 
 
 The averages thus obtained are presented in Table 7. The means for the six groups of 500 A are 
 given first, then the means for the three groups of 1000 A. These latter are the means for the whole 
 number of lines considered in the range, not the averages of the means for the 5oo-groups. Of course, 
 no account can be taken in this summary of the considerable number of lines which are described, but 
 whose w-components are not measurable. 
 
 TABLE 7. MEANS or AX/X 2 (B-COMPONENTS) FOR SUCCESSIVE REGIONS OF WAVE-LENGTH. 
 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 RANGE OF X 
 
 
 
 
 No. OF LINES. 
 
 MEAN AX/X 1 . 
 
 No. OF LINES. 
 
 MEAN AX/X 2 . 
 
 3700-4200 
 
 267 
 
 2.003 
 
 80 
 
 1.009 
 
 4200-4700 
 
 IOI 
 
 2.051 
 
 152 
 
 2.027 
 
 4700-5200 
 
 74 
 
 2.123 
 
 81 
 
 .684 
 
 5200-5700 
 
 62 
 
 1-932 
 
 47 
 
 .819 
 
 5700-6200 
 
 37 
 
 1.837 
 
 34 
 
 .942 
 
 6200-6700 
 
 41 
 
 2.131 
 
 28 
 
 .764 
 
 3700-4700 
 
 368 
 
 2.016 
 
 232 
 
 .986 
 
 4700-5700 
 
 136 
 
 2.037 
 
 128 
 
 734 
 
 5700-6700 
 
 78 
 
 1.989 
 
 62 
 
 1.862 
 
 The close agreement of the means shows that there is a real relation, giving an approximate constancy 
 of the values of AX/X 2 for different parts of the spectrum. Taking the successive means of the 5oo-groups, 
 the average value for iron is 2.013, f r titanium 1.858. The largest deviation from the mean for any 
 group is 8.7 per cent for iron and 9.4 per cent for titanium. For neither element is there any systematic 
 change in the means for successive groups. 
 
 The means for the groups of 1000 A show a still closer agreement, the largest deviation from the mean 
 of these groups being only 1.2 per cent for iron and 6.8 per cent for titanium. 
 
 It will be noticed that the mean values for titanium run smaller than those for iron, although the 
 titanium measurements correspond to the larger field-strength. A number of spectra will have to be 
 examined in this way and the measurements reduced to the same field-strength before we can say what 
 significance, if any, there is in this point. It may prove to be connected with certain properties of the 
 elements concerned. 
 
 It is not difficult to see that this constancy of the mean value of AX/X 2 depends on the general relation 
 of this quotient to the fundamental interval a, and that it results from the fact that the great majority 
 
 53 
 
54 
 
 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM 
 
 of the separations for the w-components range from the values of 2a to 30 and that the various values 
 of the multiples of the interval are more or less uniformly distributed throughout the spectrum. This 
 was shown for the triplets (p. 47), the greater number of which show a separation greater than 20. The 
 exceptional large and small values for triplets, together with the mean separations of the complex lines, 
 combine to form a fairly definite mean which holds for the whole range of spectrum examined. 
 
 Since AX/X 2 is shown to be very nearly constant, it may be said that for the spectra of iron and titanium, and 
 probably for spectra in general, the mean separation of the n-components varies as the square of the wave-length. 
 
 A similar rule must hold for the ^-components, since it was shown (pp. 48-49) that complex lines of 
 the same structure in different parts of the spectrum show the same relation to the interval a. 
 
 It is of interest to note that a computation along the lines of that carried out here, but different in 
 method and with comparatively little material at disposal, was made by Mr. Hale (38) in his comparison 
 of sun-spot doublets with the Zeeman separations on some preliminary plates made by the author. The 
 mean AX for a number of iron lines in the blue was divided by the square of the mean wave-length for 
 the region considered. Measurements for lines extending from the green into the red were treated simi- 
 larly. The quotients of the mean AX by the square of the mean X for the two regions agreed exactly. 
 While this result does not have the same significance as the comparison of the mean values of AX/X 2 , it 
 is clearly based on the same relation for the rate of increase of AX with X. 
 
 THE EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD UPON ENHANCED LINES. 
 
 In my former paper (51) on the titanium spectrum, the behavior of the enhanced lines was examined 
 to see if, as a class, they were affected by the magnetic field differently from the non-enhanced lines. 
 The various types of separation were found to occur in about the same proportion for the enhanced lines 
 as for the spectrum in general. The same conclusion was arrived at by Mr. Babcock (62) for the enhanced 
 lines of chromium and of vanadium. 
 
 Table 8 gives the numbers of enhanced and non-enhanced lines considered both as to type and magni- 
 tude of separation. Here, as in Table 3, a given type includes both the clear and the questioned cases for 
 that type occurring in Tables i and 2. 
 
 TABLE 8. COMPARISON OF TYPES or SEPARATION FOR ENHANCED 
 AND NON-ENHANCED LINES. 
 
 CHARACTER OF 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 NON- 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 NON- 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 Unaffected 
 
 o 
 25 
 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 
 9 
 368 
 45 
 7 
 no 
 
 34 
 46 
 
 
 
 49 
 S 
 
 i 
 
 '3 
 
 i 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 242 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 64 
 II 
 28 
 
 Triple 
 
 
 Quintuple 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 
 Complex 
 
 Total 
 
 43 
 
 619 
 
 82 
 
 376 
 
 
 The enhanced lines of each element are found to present a diversity of types. The enhanced and 
 non-enhanced triplets are in about the same ratio as the total number of enhanced and non-enhanced 
 lines, both for iron and titanium, this ratio being about i : 14 for iron and about 1:5 for titanium. Those 
 types for which the number is sufficient to give the comparison some weight are in the same ratios. There 
 seems to be no undue proportion of any one type among the enhanced lines, considered as a whole. 
 
EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD UPON ENHANCED LINES. 
 
 55 
 
 Since the triplets appear to be representative, and as their magnitudes of separation can be handled 
 most readily, Table 9 is arranged to compare the values of AX/X 2 for enhanced and non-enhanced triplets. 
 Triplets whose separation was not measurable are omitted, as are some non-enhanced triplets of very 
 large separation, larger than is shown by any enhanced lines. 
 
 TABLE 9. VALUES OP AX/X 2 FOR ENHANCED AND NON-ENHANCED TRIPLETS. 
 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 RANGE OF AX/X 2 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 NON- 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 NON- 
 ENHANCED. 
 
 o i.o 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
 1.0-1.4 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1.4-1.8 
 
 7 
 
 94 
 
 26 
 
 99 
 
 1.8-2.2 
 
 5 
 
 93 
 
 ii 
 
 66 
 
 2.2-2.6 
 
 3 
 
 84 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 On account of the small number of enhanced lines of iron, Table 9 serves to bring out little more than 
 the distribution of the values of AX/X 2 . More enhanced lines are available for titanium, and in the study 
 of these, two points are noteworthy: the absence of very small separations, and the disproportionately 
 large number of enhanced triplets giving values from 1.4 to 1.8. This range includes the normal triplet 
 at about 1.6, and the table shows that the separations of over half of the lines in question are close to 
 this value. This is due in part to a condition which appears to be the only respect in which the enhanced 
 lines are in a class by themselves as regards the Zeeman phenomenon. In the region from 3600 to 460x3, 
 which is rich in enhanced line's for titanium, the strongest enhanced lines were selected, 22 in number. 
 These are lines showing a high degree of enhancement in the spark and are as a rule much stronger in 
 the spark than any of the lines characteristic of the arc. A short exposure with a strongly condensed 
 spark would show these lines almost alone. Of these 22 lines 17 are clear triplets; the remaining 5, with 
 one exception, the weakest in the list, are of more complex character, These lines, with their intensity on 
 the scale here used, their type of separation, and the values of AX/X 2 for the triplets, are given in Table 10. 
 
 TABLE 10. EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE STRONGER ENHANCED 
 LINES OF TITANIUM. 
 
 X 
 
 INTENSITY. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 AX/X 2 
 
 X 
 
 INTENSITY. 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 AX/X 2 
 
 3685.339 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.708 
 
 4302.085 
 
 5 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 
 3741-791 
 
 10 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.878 
 
 4308.081 
 
 8 
 
 Octuple 
 
 
 3759-447 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 2.038 
 
 43I3-034 
 
 8 
 
 Sextuple 
 
 
 3761.464 
 
 10 
 
 Triple 
 
 1-463 
 
 4338.084 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.312 
 
 3900.681 
 
 5 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.787 
 
 4395 201 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.796 
 
 3913.609 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 1-43 
 
 4443-976 
 
 15 
 
 Triple 
 
 1-509 
 
 4163.818 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.696 
 
 4468.663 
 
 15 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.702 
 
 4172.066 
 
 15 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.442 
 
 4501-445 
 
 IS 
 
 Triple 
 
 1.471 
 
 4290.377 
 
 IO 
 
 ? 
 
 
 4549.808 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 2.125 
 
 4294.204 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 i '958 
 
 4563.939 
 
 IO 
 
 Triple 
 
 1-325 
 
 4300.211 
 
 8 
 
 ? 
 
 
 4572-156 
 
 20 
 
 Triple 
 
 i .526 
 
 The values of AX/X 2 for the lines in Table 10 do not appear to be as closely related to the interval a 
 as is usual among a like number of triplets taken at random. The measurements are usually of high 
 weight, the photographs being made with self-induction in the spark circuit, and still there is a total 
 lack of 'normal triplets, the values of AX/X 2 being scattered rather uniformly from 1.3 to 2.1. The most 
 we can conclude is that for titanium the strongest enhanced lines tend toward the triplet type, but not 
 toward the simplest intervals of separation. When we extend the comparison to the weaker enhanced 
 lines, many of which are of considerable strength in the arc, a large variety of types appears, with none 
 predominating. 
 
COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS FOR THE ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 A summary of the theories on the possible connection between magnetic separation and pressure 
 displacement is given on pp. 5-7. The data now at hand permit a considerable extension of the compari- 
 son made in my former paper (4). This is mainly in two directions. First, photographs of titanium arc 
 spectra under pressure made in this laboratory by Mr. H. G. Gale have materially added to pressure 
 measurements for this substance. Although this material has not yet been published by Mr. Gale, he 
 has kindly permitted me to use his values in this comparison. Second, spectra given by the electric 
 furnace under pressure have recently been obtained by me, and the preliminary results (63) bear on one 
 of the questions involved in the present discussion. 
 
 In Tables n and 12 the values of the magnetic separations in the second column are taken directly 
 from Tables i and 2 respectively. These values of AX are for the w-components, the mean being taken 
 when there are two or more pairs. Numerous changes have been made as compared to the former paper 
 on this subject, due to better photographs being available. 
 
 The measurements of pressure displacements expressed in Angstrom units are taken from the publi- 
 cations of Humphreys (416) and of Duffield (64) for the iron spectrum. For titanium, some measurements 
 are given by Humphreys, but most of the pressure values are from the photographs of Gale. The meas- 
 urements by Humphreys in the third column are for a pressure of 42 atmospheres, his other measurements, 
 for 69 and 101 atmospheres, being for only a part of the lines. For the iron spectrum, the displacements 
 of Duffield for 41 atmospheres are given in the fourth column. For titanium, the measurements of Gale 
 taken for 9 atmospheres total pressure were multiplied by 4.7 to bring them to the same order as those 
 of Humphreys, assuming a direct proportion between displacement and pressure. Occasionally a line 
 was not obtained by these observers for the given pressures, in which case an approximate value was 
 deduced from the measurement for some other pressure and is accompanied by an interrogation point. 
 
 TABLE n. ZEEMAN SEPARATIONS AND PRESSURE DISPLACEMENTS FOR IRON. 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 H = 
 16,000. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 RATIO SEP. 
 TO DISPL. 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 1 
 
 AND DlSPL. 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 
 TT 
 
 16,000. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 RATIO SEP. 
 TO DISPL. 
 
 "IdSIQ ONV 
 
 dag S3ssvi3 
 
 42 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 41 ATM. 
 (DUF- 
 FIELD.) 
 
 42 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 41 ATM. 
 (DUF- 
 FIELD.) 
 
 3659-663 
 3669.666 
 3670.240 
 3676.457 
 3677.764 
 3680.069 
 3683.229 
 3684.258 
 
 3687.610 
 3689.614 
 3695.194 
 3704.603 
 3705 . 708 
 3709.389 
 3716.054 
 3720.084 
 3722.729 
 3724.526 
 3727.778 
 3733.469 
 3735.014 
 3737-281 
 
 0.176 
 0.176 
 0.261 
 0.236 
 0.167 
 o. 296 
 0.480 
 0.170 
 0.311 
 
 0-373 
 0.261 
 0.319 
 0-294 
 0.312 
 0.290 
 0.268 
 0.260 
 0.256 
 0.318 
 
 0.315 
 0.310 
 0.254 
 
 0.050 
 0.050 
 0.047 
 0.050 
 0.052 
 0.062 
 0.040 
 0.053 
 0.090 
 0.084 
 0.070 
 0.046 
 0.054 
 0.095 
 0.107 
 0.047 
 0.050 
 0.054 
 
 O. IOO 
 
 0.050 
 0.092 
 0.040 
 
 
 3-54 
 3-54 
 
 5-55 
 4-V 
 
 3-21 
 
 4-77 
 
 12.00 
 3-21 
 3-46 
 4-44 
 3-73 
 6-93 
 5-44 
 3.28 
 2.71 
 5-70 
 5-20 
 
 4-74 
 3.18 
 6.30 
 3-37 
 6.35 
 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 L:S 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:M 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 S:L 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 M:M 
 S:S 
 
 3738.4S4 
 3743-508 
 3745-7I7 
 3746.058 
 3748.408 
 3749.631 
 3758-375 
 3763.945 
 3765.689 
 3767-34I 
 3788.046 
 
 3795-147 
 3798.655 
 3799-693 
 3805.486 
 3813.100 
 
 3815-987 
 3820.586 
 3824.591 
 3826.027 
 3827.980 
 3834.364 
 
 0.207 
 0.318 
 0.228 
 
 0.214 
 0.289 
 0.269 
 0.218 
 
 0.228 
 
 0.326 
 
 0-325 
 0.326 
 0.326 
 
 0.204 
 
 0.203 
 0.264 
 0.282 
 
 0.345 
 0.274 
 
 o. 225 
 0.248 
 
 0.078 
 o. 100? 
 0.050 
 0.050 
 0.040 
 0.085 
 0.090 
 0.095 
 0.106 
 0.118 
 0.090 
 0.093 
 0.085 
 0.075 
 0.092 
 0.058 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 0.125 
 
 0.040 
 0.090 
 
 O.IO2 
 O.IIO 
 
 
 2-65 
 3-i8 
 4.56 
 
 5-35 
 3-40 
 
 2-99 
 2.29 
 
 2.15 
 
 3^62 
 3-49 
 3.84 
 4-35 
 
 2.22 
 3-50 
 2.40 
 2.26 
 8.63 
 
 3-04 
 2. 2O 
 2.25 
 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 S:S 
 0:S 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 S:L 
 0:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:M 
 S:S 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
COMPARISON OF RESULTS FOR ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT. 
 TABLE n. ZEEMAN SEPARATIONS AND PRESSURE DISPLACEMENTS FOR IRON Continued. 
 
 57 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 H= 
 16,000. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 EJJ 
 
 53 
 QO 
 So 
 H 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 1 
 
 AND DlSPL. I 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 H = 
 16,000. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 Sg 
 
 tn 8 
 
 20 
 So 
 f* H 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 
 
 AND DlSPL. 
 
 42 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 41 ATM. 
 (DUF- 
 FIELD.) 
 
 42 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 41 ATM. 
 (DUF- 
 FIELD.) 
 
 3840.580 
 
 3841.195 
 3850.118 
 3856.524 
 3860.055 
 3865.674 
 3872.639 
 3878.720 
 
 3886.434 
 3887.196 
 3888.671 
 3893.542 
 
 3895.803 
 
 3899.850 
 3903.090 
 3904.052 
 3906.628 
 3920.410 
 3923.054 
 3928.075 
 3930.450 
 3948.925 
 3950.102 
 3956.819 
 3969.413 
 3977.891 
 3981.917 
 
 3984.113 
 3986.321 
 
 3997.547 
 3998 . 205 
 
 4005 . 408 
 4009 . 864 
 
 4014.677 
 4017.308 
 
 4022.018 
 
 4045.975 
 4063 . 759 
 4071.908 
 4107.649 
 
 4109.953 
 4118.708 
 4127.767 
 4132.235 
 4134.840 
 4I43.S72 
 4144.038 
 4154.667 
 4156.970 
 4175.806 
 4181.919 
 4185.058 
 4187.204 
 4187.943 
 
 4I9I.595 
 4195.492 
 4196.372 
 
 4198.494 
 4199.267 
 4202.198 
 4204.101 
 4210.494 
 4219.516 
 4222.382 
 4227.606 
 
 0.221 
 0.164 
 
 0.341 
 0.341 
 0-343 
 0.284 
 0.346 
 0.348 
 
 0.335 
 0.264 
 0.269 
 0-347 
 0-349 
 0.278 
 0.233 
 0-347 
 0-349 
 0-351 
 0.352 
 0.352 
 0.234 
 0.348 
 0.289 
 
 0-354 
 0.441 
 O.24O 
 
 0.216 
 0.196 
 0.266 
 o. 226 
 0.461 
 
 0.377 
 0.250 
 
 0-397 
 0.272 
 0.298 
 0.269 
 o. 170 
 
 0-397 
 0.285 
 0.271 
 0.196 
 0.510 
 
 0.303 
 0.280 
 
 0-393 
 0-379 
 0.367 
 0.296 
 
 0-339 
 0.390 
 
 0.395 
 0.402 
 0.402 
 0.320 
 0-359 
 0.383 
 0.276 
 
 0.323 
 0-373 
 0.806 
 0.284 
 
 0-475 
 0.309 
 
 0.090 
 
 O.IOO 
 
 0.082 
 0.038 
 0.042 
 0.103 
 0.108 
 0.044? 
 0.056 
 0.073 
 0.089 
 0.072 
 0.030 
 0.036 
 0.095 
 0.056 
 0.050 
 0.033 
 0.032 
 0.038 
 0.047 
 0.050 
 0.066 
 0.036 
 0.089 
 0.042 
 0.060? 
 0.085 
 0.061 
 0.048 
 0.066 
 0.103 
 0.040 
 0.050 
 0.062 
 0.037 
 0.103 
 0.107 
 0.092 
 0.060 
 0.062 
 0.085 
 
 
 2.46 
 1.64 
 
 8.97 
 
 8.12 
 
 3-33 
 
 2.63 
 7.86 
 
 6.21 
 
 4.59 
 2.97 
 
 3-74 
 1.16 
 9.69 
 
 2-93 
 4. 16 
 6.94 
 10.58 
 10.96 
 0.92 
 
 0.75 
 4.68 
 
 5-27 
 8.03 
 
 3-98 
 10.98 
 4.00 
 2.54 
 3.21 
 5-54 
 3-42 
 4.48 
 9.42 
 5.00 
 6.40 
 
 7-35 
 2.89 
 
 2-51 
 1.85 
 6.62 
 4.60 
 3.19 
 2-39 
 4.86 
 
 5-Si 
 
 3-97 
 4.41 
 
 5-73 
 
 4-55 
 4.84 
 
 9-75 
 2.08 
 
 o-93 
 1.30 
 
 3^78 
 4.14 
 
 6.22 
 5-13 
 3.84 
 
 i-33 
 0.72 
 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 O:M 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:L 
 S:L 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:M 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 S:S 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 L:S 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 L:L 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 M:M 
 S:S 
 M:L 
 S:L 
 S:M 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 L:L 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 M:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 M:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 M:L 
 M:L 
 M:L 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 L:L 
 S:M 
 L:L 
 M:L 
 
 4233-772 
 4236.112 
 4245.422 
 4250.945 
 4260.640 
 
 427L934 
 4282.566 
 4294.301 
 4299.410 
 4308.081 
 4315.262 
 
 4325.939 
 4337-216 
 4352.908 
 4367.749 
 4369.941 
 4376.107 
 4383 . 720 
 
 4404-927 
 4407.871 
 4408 . 582 
 
 4415-293 
 4422.741 
 4427.482 
 4430.785 
 4442.510 
 4443.365 
 4447.892 
 4454.552 
 4459-301 
 4461.818 
 4466.727 
 4476.185 
 4494.738 
 4528.798 
 
 453L327 
 4548.024 
 4592.840 
 4603 . i 26 
 
 4647-617 
 4691.602 
 4710.471 
 
 4736.963 
 4787.003 
 
 4789.849 
 4859.928 
 4871.512 
 4878.407 
 4919.174 
 5171.778 
 
 5i95.ii3 
 5269.723 
 5328.236 
 5371-734 
 5397-344 
 5405-989 
 5429.911 
 
 5434-740 
 5447.130 
 S4S5-834 
 5497 -73S 
 5501.683 
 5507.000 
 5615-87? 
 
 0.532 
 0.452 
 0-493 
 0.246 
 
 0.423 
 0.341 
 0.310 
 0.319 
 0.406 
 0.320 
 
 0.517 
 0.245 
 0.264 
 0.416 
 0.311 
 0.282 
 0.424 
 0.332 
 o.334 
 0.631 
 0.488 
 0-338 
 0.293 
 0.430 
 0.719 
 0.485 
 0.170 
 0.585 
 o.445 
 0.449 
 
 0-435 
 o.343 
 0.306 
 0.302 
 0.358 
 0.400 
 0.311 
 0.416 
 0.566 
 0.392 
 0.358 
 0.242 
 0.426 
 0.409 
 0.352 
 0.564 
 0.336 
 i .092 
 0.591 
 0.521 
 
 0.457 
 0.501 
 0.470 
 
 0.413 
 0.630 
 
 0.341 
 0.607 
 
 0.568 
 0.692 
 1.040 
 
 I.OOI 
 
 1.026 
 0.586 
 
 0.240 
 0.274 
 0.060 
 0.089 
 0.246 
 0.083 
 0.043 
 0.084 
 
 0.370 
 
 0.405 
 
 2.22 
 
 1.65 
 8.22 
 2. 7 6 
 1.72 
 4. II 
 7.21 
 3.80 
 1.30 
 3.56 
 I4.36 
 2.52 
 
 2-93 
 
 8.00 
 5-18 
 
 5-i3 
 10.87 
 2.66 
 3-04 
 3-Si 
 3-05 
 3-89 
 4-Si 
 7.82 
 3-78 
 
 2-55 
 2.83 
 
 3-25 
 5-56 
 2.81 
 
 7.25 
 
 6.12 
 
 4-25 
 1-51 
 2.08 
 5-32 
 
 3-21 
 
 3.78 
 
 6.09 
 
 5.60 
 
 S-ii 
 
 4 03 
 S-oi 
 5-38 
 4.40 
 
 1-45 
 0.80 
 
 2-73 
 1-58 
 6-95 
 5-71 
 6.04 
 4.70 
 
 4-35 
 7.88 
 
 3-4i 
 7.14 
 
 5-98 
 6-59 
 9-45 
 10-54 
 8.55 
 7-33 
 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:S 
 S:M 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 L:S 
 S:M 
 S:M 
 L:S 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 L:S 
 M:L 
 M:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 L:S 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 S:S 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 L:S 
 M:S 
 M:M 
 M:L 
 M:L 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:S 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 M:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 L:M 
 O:L 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 
 
 
 0.082 
 0.177 
 0.069 
 0.056 
 0.086 
 
 0.313 
 O.O6O 
 0.041 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.090 
 0.036 
 0.097 
 0.090 
 0.052 
 0.060 
 0.055 
 0.039 
 0.125 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 0.180 
 0.160 
 0.087 
 0.065 
 
 0.055 
 o. 190 
 0.190 
 0.060 
 o. 180 
 0.080 
 0.160 
 0.060 
 0.056 
 0.072 
 
 0.200 
 
 0.172 
 0.075 
 0.097 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 0.093 
 
 0.070 
 0.070 
 0.060 
 
 0.085 
 0.076 
 0.080 
 
 0.390 
 
 0.420 
 0.400 
 
 0.375 
 
 0.075 
 0.080 
 0.083 
 
 O.IOO 
 
 0.095 
 
 0.080 
 
 O.IOO 
 
 0.085 
 
 O.I 2O 
 
 0.095 
 
 0.105 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 0.095 
 
 O.I 2O 
 
 0.080 
 
 
 
 
 0.082 
 0.056 
 
 
 
 
 0.060 
 0.047 
 O.o6o 
 0.056 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.078 
 0.046 
 0.043 
 
 0.159 
 0.164 
 O.o6o 
 0.172 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.172 
 0.039 
 0.046 
 0.042 
 
 0.168 
 0.172 
 0.078 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.082 
 0.082 
 0.086 
 
 
 
 
 0.099 
 0.082 
 0.108 
 0.086 
 0.095? 
 0.099 
 0.086 
 0.065 
 0.065 
 
 
 
 
 0.105 
 0.055? 
 
 
 
 
 0.116 
 
 
 
 0.064? 
 
 
 
 0.070? 
 0.040 
 
 
 0.047 
 O.igo 
 
 0.431 
 0.310 
 
 Large 
 Large 
 Large 
 0.065 
 0.078 
 0.060 
 
 o.i57 
 0.078 
 
 0.358 
 0.431 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.073 
 0.071 
 
 0.074 
 
 
 
58 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 TABLE 12. ZEEMAN SEPARATIONS AND PRESSURE DISPLACEMENTS FOR TITANIUM. 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 H = 
 17,500- 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 RATIO SEP. 
 TO DISPL. 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 
 
 AND DlSPL. 
 
 X 
 
 SEPA- 
 RATION 
 H = 
 17,500. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 Si 
 
 co a 
 
 g 
 S 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 
 
 AND DlSPL. 
 
 42 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 42 ATM. 
 
 (GALE.) 
 
 24 ATM. 
 (HUMPH- 
 REYS.) 
 
 42 ATM. 
 
 (GALE.) 
 
 3900.681 
 
 3904.926 
 3913.609 
 3914.477 
 3921-563 
 3924.673 
 
 3926-465 
 3930.022 
 3947.918 
 3948.818 
 3956.476 
 3958.355 
 3962.995 
 3964.416 
 3981.917 
 3982.630 
 3989.912 
 3998.790 
 4009.079 
 
 4009 . 807 
 
 4012.541 
 4024.726 
 4028.497 
 4035.976 
 4055.189 
 4060.415 
 4064.362 
 
 4065.239 
 4078.631 
 4082.589 
 
 4112.869 
 4151.129 
 4159.805 
 4163.818 
 4171.213 
 
 4172.066 
 4186.280 
 
 4203.620 
 
 4272.701 
 
 4276.587 
 4278.390 
 4281.530 
 4282.860 
 4285.164 
 4286.168 
 4287.566 
 4289.237 
 4290.377 
 4291.114 
 4294.204 
 
 4295.914 
 4298.828 
 4299.410 
 4299.803 
 4300.211 
 4300.732 
 4301.158 
 4302.085 
 4306.078 
 
 4313.034 
 4314.964 
 
 0.272 
 0.240 
 0.219 
 o-352 
 0.426 
 0.292 
 0.247 
 0.362 
 0.098 
 0.186 
 0.229 
 0.287 
 0.461 
 
 0-359 
 0.188 
 0.469 
 0.275 
 0.317 
 0.347 
 0.086 
 0.198 
 
 0-394 
 0.269 
 
 0-354 
 0-395 
 0-395 
 0.396 
 
 0-395 
 0-395 
 0-398 
 0.301 
 
 0-305 
 0.263 
 0.294 
 
 O.2IO 
 0.251 
 0.282 
 
 0-457 
 0.364 
 
 0.443 
 0.304 
 0.664 
 0.244 
 0.566 
 0.400 
 O.42I 
 0.370 
 0.284 
 0.441 
 0.36l 
 
 0.218 
 
 0.430 
 0.356 
 0.367 
 0.265 
 0.350 
 0.368 
 0.367 
 0.449 
 0.424 
 
 
 0.212 
 0.085 
 0.174 
 O.O28 
 O.Oig 
 0.047 
 0.235 
 0.042 
 0.028 
 0.075 
 0.047 
 0.080 
 0.042 
 0.038 
 0.094 
 
 o.oig 
 0.103 
 0.113 
 0.028 
 0.038 
 0.042 
 0.038 
 0.085 
 0.244 
 0.085 
 0.075 
 0.094 
 0.047 
 0.019 
 0.061 
 0.047 
 0.207 
 0.160 
 0.179 
 0.146 
 0.188 
 0.056 
 0.179 
 0.075 
 0.136 
 0.188 
 0.061 
 0.132 
 0.160 
 0.099 
 0.118 
 0.108 
 0.216 
 0.103 
 0.136 
 0.103 
 0.118 
 0.103 
 0.103 
 0.136 
 0.099 
 0.113 
 0.160 
 0.113 
 0.216 
 0.146 
 
 1.28 
 2.82 
 1.26 
 12.57 
 22.42 
 
 6.21 
 
 1-05 
 8.62 
 3.50 
 2.48 
 
 4.87 
 
 3-59 
 10.98 
 
 9-45 
 
 2.00 
 24.68 
 2.67 
 2.80 
 12.39 
 2.26 
 4-71 
 10.37 
 3.16 
 
 1-45 
 4-65 
 5-27 
 4.21 
 8.40 
 20.79 
 6.52 
 6.40 
 
 i-47 
 i .64 
 1.64 
 1.44 
 1-34 
 5-04 
 2-55 
 4.85 
 3-26 
 1.62 
 1.09 
 1-85 
 3-54 
 4.04 
 
 3-57 
 3-42 
 1-31 
 4.28 
 2.65 
 
 1.85 
 4-17 
 3-46 
 2.70 
 2.68 
 3.10 
 2.30 
 
 3-25 
 2.08 
 2.90 
 
 S:L 
 S:M 
 S:L 
 M:S 
 L:S 
 S:S 
 S:L 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 S:S 
 S:M 
 L:S 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 L:S 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 S:S 
 S:S 
 M:S 
 S:M 
 M:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 M:S 
 M:M 
 M:S 
 M:L 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 S:S 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 M:L 
 L:M 
 S:L 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 S:L 
 L:M 
 M:L 
 O:M 
 S:M 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 M:L 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 M:L 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 
 4318.817 
 4326.520 
 4338.084 
 4346.278 
 4360.644 
 4394.093 
 4395.201 
 4417.450 
 4421.928 
 4422.985 
 4426.201 
 4427.266 
 4434.168 
 4440.515 
 4443.976 
 4449-3!3 
 4451.087 
 4453.486 
 4453.876 
 
 4455.485 
 4457.600 
 
 4465.975 
 4468 . 663 
 4471.408 
 4475.026 
 
 4479.879 
 4480.752 
 4481.438 
 4489.262 
 4501.445 
 4512.906 
 4518.198 
 4518.866 
 4522.974 
 4527.490 
 4533.419 
 4534-953 
 4535-741 
 4536.094 
 4536.222 
 4544.864 
 4548.938 
 4549.808 
 4552-632 
 4555-662 
 4562.814 
 4563.939 
 4572.156 
 4617.452 
 4623.279 
 4629.521 
 4682.088 
 
 4691-523 
 4758.308 
 
 47S9.463 
 4841.074 
 4981.912 
 4991 . 247 
 4999.689 
 5007.398 
 5013.479 
 
 o.337 
 0.403 
 0.247 
 
 0-453 
 0.348 
 
 0.325 
 0-347 
 0.381 
 0.289 
 
 o.377 
 0.318 
 0.312 
 
 0-259 
 0.270 
 0.298 
 0.388 
 0.340 
 
 0.210 
 0.263 
 
 0.351 
 0.400 
 0.481 
 0.340 
 
 0.601 
 0.509 
 0.829 
 o.6n 
 0.548 
 0.612 
 0.298 
 0.501 
 0.498 
 
 O.22O 
 0.502 
 
 0.495 
 0.469 
 
 0.449 
 0-424 
 0.323 
 
 0.502 
 0.560 
 0.440 
 0.510 
 0.506 
 
 0-424 
 0.276 
 0.319 
 
 0.404 
 
 0-379 
 0.527 
 
 0-399 
 0.441 
 0.382 
 0.430 
 0.390 
 0.481 
 0.458 
 0.413 
 0-339 
 0-455 
 
 0.042 
 
 
 8.02 
 
 2.86 
 2.78 
 1.62 
 1.90 
 4.92 
 2.94 
 3-00 
 1.61 
 
 3-34 
 2.61 
 4.46 
 1.49 
 
 1. 01 
 
 2.89 
 
 3.29 
 2.79 
 
 1.15 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.82 
 
 2.07 
 
 3-94 
 i-57 
 6.75 
 1.41 
 6.28 
 4-49 
 4.85 
 4.19 
 1.38 
 3.8o 
 3-66 
 2-34 
 3-44 
 3-75 
 3.13 
 2.81 
 3.12 
 2.86 
 
 6. 27 
 3-73 
 1-95 
 3-86 
 3.83 
 
 1. 12 
 
 1.84 
 1-36 
 2.97 
 3-21 
 
 3.12 
 
 5.18 
 
 5-51 
 5-70 
 4.67 
 
 13-44 
 6.25 
 
 3-39 
 3-44 
 2.26 
 
 8.12 
 
 M:S 
 L:L 
 S:M 
 L:S 
 M:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:L 
 S:L 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:L 
 S:L 
 S:M 
 M:M 
 M:M 
 S:L 
 S:M 
 M:L 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 M:L 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 S:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 S:M 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 O:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:L 
 L:S 
 S:L 
 M:L 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 M:M 
 L:M 
 M:M 
 L:M 
 M:S 
 L:M 
 L:L 
 L:M 
 M:L 
 L:S 
 
 0.073 
 
 0.141 
 0.089 
 0.028 
 0.183 
 0.066 
 0.118 
 0.127 
 0.179 
 0.113 
 
 0.122 
 O.O7O 
 0.174 
 O.I4I 
 0.103 
 O.II8 
 O.I22 
 0.183 
 
 0.108 
 
 0.193 
 0.193 
 O. 122 
 
 0.216 
 
 0.089 
 0.362 
 0.132 
 0.136 
 O.II3 
 0.146 
 
 o. 216 
 
 0.132 
 0.136 
 0.094 
 0.146 
 0.132 
 0.150 
 
 0.160 
 0.136 
 0.113 
 0.160 
 0.136 
 o. 150 
 0.226 
 0.132 
 0.132 
 0.038 
 o. 150 
 
 0.235 
 0.136 
 0.118 
 0.169 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.045 
 0.030 
 0.045 
 
 
 
 0.024? 
 
 
 
 0.056 
 
 
 
 0.049 
 0.047 
 0.055 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.176 
 0.124 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.080 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.103 
 
 0.087 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.115 
 
 
 
 O.IOO 
 
 0.077 
 0.080 
 0.067 
 0.092 
 0.029 
 0.077 
 0-135 
 
 0.120 
 
 o. 150? 
 
 0.056 
 
 
 0.104 
 
 O.IIO 
 
 
 
 
 0.104 
 
 
COMPARISON OF RESULTS FOR ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 59 
 
 The fifth and sixth columns contain ratios of Zeeman separation to pressure displacement, the one 
 numerical, the other of letters denoting the order of magnitude. In the numerical ratios for iron the 
 values of Humphreys are used for the sake of uniformity, those of Duffield for an almost equal pressure 
 being taken when a line was not measured by the former. In the case of titanium the values of Gale 
 are the more numerous and are used in the ratios when possible. The letters S, M and L in the sixth 
 column stand for small, medium and large values, respectively, of separation and displacement. The 
 limits covered by these classes are as follows: 
 
 
 SEPARATION. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 S . 
 
 <o.3oo 
 o . 300-0 . 400 
 >o.400 
 
 <o.o6o 
 0.060-0.100 
 
 >O.IOO 
 
 < 0.060 
 
 0.060-0.125 
 
 >O.I2S 
 
 M 
 
 L . . 
 
 
 The reasons for this classification are given later. 
 
 The question as to whether there is a close proportionality between magnetic separation and pressure 
 shift is decided in a definite manner by the sixth column in Tables n and 12, giving the numerical 
 ratio of separation to displacement. The separations for each spectrum are taken for a constant field 
 and the displacements for a constant pressure. The probable errors in measurement can explain only 
 in a very small degree the larger differences in these ratios. For iron the ratio-values run from 0.72 to 
 14.36, for titanium from 1.05 to 22.42. The distribution between these limits is such that any range 
 which might reasonably be assumed as due to poor measurements covers but a fraction of the lines. 
 Thus in Table n, ratios ranging from 2.00 to 5.00 take in 90 out of 173 lines, or 52 per cent; the same 
 range for titanium includes 67 out of 122 lines, or 55 per cent. The range from 3.00 to 5.0x3 in the two 
 spectra covers 35 and 34 per cent respectively. 
 
 The lack of constancy in the ratio being apparent, the question arises as to whether there is any real 
 connection between separation and displacement. A broad classification of the values in order of magni- 
 tude may be of service in this connection. For this purpose the separation and displacement values are 
 classified as small, medium and large, the range for each class being given above. The ratios showing 
 the comparative magnitudes of separation and displacement for each line are given in the sixth col- 
 umn of the tables. The displacement measures for titanium run in general larger than for iron, so that 
 a higher point of division between the medium and large classes is chosen. The following summary of 
 the data will show to what extent a general agreement exists between the Zeeman and pressure phenomena. 
 
 The ratios of classes from Tables n and 12 enable us to form Table 13, in which the 173 iron and 122 
 titanium lines are placed in three main groups. Group i consists of the ratios S : S, M : M, L: L, and 
 shows that the separation and displacement for the corresponding lines are relatively of the same order. 
 Group 2 contains those lines for which separation and displacement are not in the same, but in adjacent, 
 classes; while for Group 3 the separation and displacement are of very different magnitude, one small 
 and the other large. Those lines which show no Zeeman effect, but distinct pressure displacement, are also 
 in Group 3, the letter O being associated with S, M, or L according to the magnitude of the displacement. 
 
 It will be seen that 44 per cent of the iron lines are in good agreement as to order of magnitude, 
 44 per cent show a probable discordance, while 12 per cent strongly contradict the hypothesis of 
 equality of relative magnitude. Titanium shows a somewhat larger proportion of its lines in poor agree- 
 ment as to separation and displacement. This indicates clearly that the two phenomena are not very 
 closely related as regards size of one increasing with size of the other. The large number of lines in Group 
 2 renders any positive conclusion difficult on account of the possible influence of errors of measurement. 
 
6o 
 
 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 Trials with other limits for the small, medium and large classes have shown that the group percentages 
 are not materially altered, as this results in a transfer back and forth of lines near the limits chosen. An 
 attempt to reduce Group 2 was made by taking all those lines which had one or both values so near the 
 limit of the class that the error of measurement, if in the favorable direction, might have put the two 
 values into the same class and so have brought the line into Group i . Lines of complex Zeeman separa- 
 tion were also treated in this way; 35 iron lines were thus selected, which when added to Group i as given 
 in Table 13 raised its total to 64 per cent of the whole. This number, then, may be in fair agreement as 
 to order of magnitude, while the remaining 36 per cent are divergent beyond the errors of measurement 
 and in some distances widely different. This last device is of course not a fair treatment of the data, 
 since the error of measurement is as likely to move the values wider apart as closer together, and if the 
 same treatment had been applied to the lines of Group i, some of them would have moved into Group 2. 
 However, giving the agreement hypothesis the benefit of the doubt, the proportions of 64 and 36 per 
 cent appear to be the most favorable that can be gotten out of the list of iron lines. 
 
 TABLE 13. SUMMARY OF CLASSES. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 RATIO OF MAG. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 GROUP 
 TOTAL. 
 
 GROUP 
 PERCENTAGE. 
 
 RATIO OF MAG. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 GROUP 
 TOTAL. 
 
 GROUP 
 
 PERCENTAGE. 
 
 Group i 
 
 s-s 
 
 24 
 29 
 
 23 
 27 
 
 22 
 13 
 IS 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 ) 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 76 
 
 v 77 
 
 > 20 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Group i 
 S:S 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 26 
 
 12 
 10 
 12 
 12 
 
 IS 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I- 
 
 1- 
 
 23 
 
 43 
 38 
 
 19 
 
 M:M 
 
 M:M 
 L:L 
 
 L-L 
 
 Group 2 
 S-M. 
 
 Group 2 
 S:M 
 
 M- S 
 
 M:S 
 
 M-L 
 
 M:L 
 
 L-M. 
 
 L:M 
 
 Group 3 
 S-L 
 
 Group 3 
 
 L-S 
 
 L:S 
 
 o-s 
 
 O:S 
 
 O-M 
 
 O:M 
 
 O-L 
 
 O:L 
 
 
 
 In Group 3 we have those lines for which either separation or displacement is small and the other 
 large, and in addition 4 lines of iron and 2 of titanium which appear to be unaffected by the magnetic 
 field, while they show a variety of displacements, in some cases large. These offer examples of ability to 
 respond to one displacing agency and not to the other. 
 
 A closer quantitative comparison is afforded by taking the average separations and displacements for 
 large groups of lines. This is done in Tables 14 and 15. The method in forming Table 14 was to make 
 a list of all pressure displacements classified as small, place opposite them the Zeeman separations for 
 the same lines, and take the mean of each list for comparison of the magnitude of the two effects. Means 
 were formed in the same way for lines of medium and large displacement. The ratios of mean separa- 
 tion to mean displacement can then be compared. In obtaining the results for each class, means were 
 formed for the lines in three groups according to wave-length. The whole table thus gives a comparison 
 of the means for the several groups, and also an indication as to how the means for both separation and 
 displacement change with the wave-length. 
 
 Table 15 was made in the same way as Table 14, except that here the class of Zeeman separation, 
 small, medium, or large, was taken as the basis, and the corresponding pressure displacements used for 
 a comparison of means. 
 
COMPARISON OF RESULTS FOR ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT. 
 TABLE 14. MEANS OF SEPARATION AND DISPLACEMENT CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AMOUNT OF DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 6i 
 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 RANGE OF 
 X. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 MEANS. 
 
 RATIO 
 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 RANGE OF 
 X. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 MEANS. 
 
 RATIO 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 Displacement: Small J 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 35 
 18 
 
 i 
 
 0.290 
 0.361 
 0.242 
 
 0.046 
 0.051 
 0.060 
 
 6.30 
 
 7.08 
 
 4-03 
 
 3900-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 o.339 
 0.319 
 
 0.423 
 
 0.034 
 0.038 
 
 0.041 
 
 9-97 
 8.39 
 10.32 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 means 
 
 
 54 
 
 0.313 
 
 0.048 
 
 6.52 
 
 
 22 
 
 0.340 
 
 0.037 
 
 9.19 
 
 
 Displacement: Medium . . . . J 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 19 
 
 0.272 
 0.297 
 0.478 
 
 0.084 
 0.080 
 
 0.085 
 
 3-24 
 3.71 
 5.62 
 
 3900-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 6 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 0.249 
 0.378 
 0.385 
 
 0.092 
 
 0.099 
 0.093 
 
 2.71 
 3.82 
 4.14 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 
 
 71 
 
 0-335 
 
 0.083 
 
 4.04 
 
 
 45 
 
 0.362 
 
 0.097 
 
 3-73 
 
 
 Displacement: Large J 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 8 
 24 
 9 
 
 0.221 
 
 0-452 
 0.679 
 
 O.IOQ 
 
 0.207 
 0.245 
 
 2.03 
 
 2.18 
 2.77 
 
 3900-4000 
 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 3 
 3i 
 19 
 
 0.246 
 
 o.379 
 0.446 
 
 0.207 
 0.175 
 0.157 
 
 1.19 
 2.16 
 2.84 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 
 
 41 
 
 0.462 
 
 0.196 
 
 2.36 
 
 
 53 
 
 0.396 
 
 0.170 
 
 2-33 
 
 
 TABLE 15. MEANS OF SEPARATION AND DISPLACEMENT CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AMOUNT OF SEPARATION. 
 
 
 IRON. 
 
 TITANIUM. 
 
 RANGE OF 
 X. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 MEANS. 
 
 RATIO 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 RANGE OF 
 X. 
 
 No. OF 
 LINES. 
 
 MEANS. 
 
 RATIO 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 SEP. 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 SEP 
 
 DlSPL. 
 
 Separation: Small ! 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 42 
 18 
 
 i 
 
 0.240 
 0.258 
 0.242 
 
 0.072 
 0.077 
 0.060 
 
 3-33 
 3-22 
 4.03 
 
 3900-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 ii 
 J9 
 
 3 
 
 0.230 
 
 0.247 
 0.265 
 
 0.107 
 0.128 
 0.153 
 
 2.15 
 
 i-93 
 i-73 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 
 
 61 
 
 0.246 
 
 0.073 
 
 3-37 
 
 
 33 
 
 0.243 
 
 0.123 
 
 1.98 
 
 
 Separation: Medium 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 o.337 
 0.346 
 
 0.356 
 
 0.065 
 0.098 
 0.136 
 
 5.18 
 
 3-53 
 2.62 
 
 3900-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 4 
 34 
 7 
 
 0.348 
 0.360 
 0.362 
 
 0-359 
 
 0.055 
 
 0.114 
 
 0.113 
 
 6-33 
 3.16 
 3.20 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 means . 
 
 
 o.343 
 
 0.088 
 
 3-90 
 
 
 45 
 
 0.108 
 
 3-32 
 
 
 Separation : Large ! 
 
 3660-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5600 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 2O 
 
 0.460 
 
 0.495 
 0.629 
 
 0.041 
 0.173 
 0.137 
 
 11.22 
 2.86 
 4-59 
 
 3900-4000 
 4000-4500 
 4500-5000 
 
 3 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 0.452 
 0.519 
 
 0.471 
 
 0.027 
 0.138 
 0.127 
 
 1.67 
 3-76 
 3-71 
 
 Total of lines and weighted 
 means 
 
 
 45 
 
 0-553 
 
 o. 151 
 
 3.66 
 
 
 42 
 
 0.490 
 
 0.125 
 
 3-92 
 
 
62 
 
 INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON THE SPARK SPECTRA OF IRON AND TITANIUM. 
 
 In Table 14 the ratios of classes given by the weighted means for the three magnitudes of displace- 
 ment are M : S, M : M, and L : L for both iron and titanium. Table 15 gives for the three magnitudes 
 of separation the ratios S : M, M : M, L : L, for both elements. There is thus good agreement as to magni- 
 tudes except for the first class in each table. A large proportion of the lines for this class come from 
 the region below X4ooo and there is a sufficient scattering of high values for both separation and displace- 
 ment to put the means into different classes when formed in this way. The behavior of the ratios of 
 weighted means in the two tables is interesting. Those in Table 15 decrease very nearly in the ratio 
 3 : 2 : i for the three classes in the iron table, and about 9 : 4 : 2 for titanium, showing that the displace- 
 ments increase in size much faster than the separations. The same material is used in Table 15, but here we 
 find an approximate constancy for iron and a gradual increase for titanium. It is probable that the 
 change as shown in Table 14 is a real one and that it is obscured in Table 15 by the large difference in 
 range of values of separations and displacements. The limits of this range are in the ratio of about i to 
 3 for the separations (omitting a few extreme values) and about i to 10 for the displacements. Thus, 
 in Table 14, when the displacements are grouped so as to increase in magnitude, there is a much smaller 
 variation among corresponding values of separation than we have among the displacement values when 
 the separations are graded as in Table 15. The widely divergent values of displacement scattered through 
 Table 15 would thus act to make the ratios of means more or less discordant. 
 
 A classification by Duffield (640) may be used in comparing the displacements measured by him with 
 the corresponding Zeeman separations for iron. He forms three main groups according to amount of 
 displacement. Table 16 gives the mean separation and displacement for each of these groups, at first 
 singly, then combined so as to form two groups with more lines in each. 
 
 TABLE 16.- MEANS OF SEPARATION AND DISPLACEMENT FOR DUFFIELD'S DISPLACEMENT GROUPS. 
 
 
 No. or LINES. 
 
 MEAN SEP. 
 
 MEAN DISPL. 
 
 CLASSES SEP. 
 
 AND DlSPL. 
 
 Group I 
 Unreversed 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 M-M 
 
 Reversed 
 
 
 
 
 M- M 
 
 Group II 
 
 6 
 
 o 483 
 
 o 168 
 
 L-L 
 
 Group III 
 
 
 
 
 L- L 
 
 Total of Group I 
 
 
 
 0.319 
 o 068 
 
 M-M 
 
 Totals of Groups I and II 
 
 16 
 
 0.431 
 
 0.262 
 
 L:L 
 
 We see that separation and displacement are of the same order of magnitude throughout. In the 
 last two lines the larger number of values gives means of higher weight. These means show as before 
 that a much larger range is covered by the displacements than by the separations. 
 
 Two additional points are to be considered in this comparison. The first is the rate of increase of 
 the two effects with magnetic field and pressure, respectively. Duffield found that the displacements of 
 lines belonging to the three groups treated in Table 16 have very different rates of increase with increase 
 of pressure, the lines of Group III showing the most rapid change. A corresponding phenomenon in the 
 Zeeman effect would mean a different rate of increase of separation with field-strength for different lines. 
 We are not certain that this does not exist, since the proportionality of separation to field-strength has 
 been established by careful measurement for only a very few lines, but no evidence of a difference for 
 different sets of lines has thus far been presented. 
 
 The second point is the relation of the variation of separation and displacement with the wave-length. 
 In Tables 14 and 15 the division into regions of wave-lengths shows the distribution of magnitudes in 
 these regions. Following down the columns headed "No. of Lines" in each table, we see that the propor- 
 tion of small values for both separation and displacement is greater in the region of short wave-lengths. 
 
COMPARISON OF RESULTS FOR ZEEMAN EFFECT AND FOR PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT. 63 
 
 For the medium and large values in each table, the proportion of lines increases in the region of greater 
 wave-length, this being very decided for the "large" group. Thus there is a clear increase in magnitude 
 of both separation and displacement as the wave-length increases. The lines here compared seem to be 
 representative of the spectrum, as the same relation holds in the complete Zeeman tables, which contain 
 a much larger number of lines for this range of wave-length. 
 
 When pressure measurements of high accuracy are available for an extended region of wave-length, 
 the rate of variation with the wave-length will appear, and the closeness of agreement with the relation 
 found for iron and titanium, namely, that the magnetic separation increases proportionally with the 
 square of the wave-length (p. 54), will afford strong evidence concerning the common physical basis 
 of the two phenomena. An attempt at a comparison of this sort has been made by the author in a recent 
 paper (63) on the effect of pressure upon electric-furnace spectra. The displacements of iron lines given 
 by the electric furnace for a pressure of 9 atmospheres were measured for two regions 1000 A apart, from 
 \4O5o 10X4450 and from X5O5O to \545o. The list for the latter region did not include as many of the 
 weaker lines, whose displacements are often large, as was available for the blue region, so that a compari- 
 son of the means of all displacements would not have been fair. It seemed best to limit this preliminary 
 comparison to those lines in each region which show the same general behavior in various light sources. 
 In the furnace they appear at low temperatures and show reversal with strong widening under pressure. 
 They are lines which, although not connected by series relations, show such similarity in their response 
 to the excitations of furnace, arc, and spark that the vibrating particles which produce them can be 
 assumed to have many points of similarity. 
 
 Fifteen lines of this character in the blue region were compared with nine similar lines in the green. 
 The mean pressure displacement for the two sets was found to be almost identical, being 0.058 A for the 
 blue and 0.060 A for the green lines. The magnetic separations of the same lines, taken from Table i, 
 give mean values of 0.330 A and 0.520 A, respectively, for the blue and green regions, an increase of 60 
 per cent for a difference of wave-length of about 1000 A. The evidence from these selected lines is, there- 
 fore, against a close connection between the magnetic and pressure phenomena. Measurements for the 
 arc under pressure, however, show a more frequent occurrence of large displacements as we pass toward 
 greater wave-lengths, and more complete measurements will show the rate of change. 
 
 Summarizing the comparison here presented, it may be said that there is a fair agreement between 
 magnitude of magnetic separation and pressure displacement for the lines of iron and titanium when the 
 means of large groups are considered. The number and character of the lines not in agreement, however, 
 show that the correspondence is not close enough to justify preferring any one of the theories for the 
 pressure effect on this ground, or to predict the effect upon a given line of one influence from that observed 
 for the other. The degree of concordance which we have could perhaps result entirely from the fact 
 that the magnitude of each effect increases with the wave-length. This does not prove a close physical 
 relation, since any theory of the pressure effect that might be offered would probably involve a change 
 with the wave-length. A comparison of the rates of change of the two effects appears to be a more prom- 
 ising line of investigation than an extension of the method followed for iron and titanium; as the number 
 of lines treated for those spectra is sufficient to show clearly the degree of correspondence. 
 
SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 
 
 The leading features in this investigation may be summarized as follows: 
 
 1. The effect of a magnetic field upon the spark spectra of iron and titanium has been studied for a 
 total number of 1120 lines between the limits \366o and X 6743. The character of the magnetic separa- 
 tion is given, with weighted measurements as complete as was permitted by the magnetic fields available. 
 
 2. The types of resolution, ranging from lines unaffected by the magnetic field to those having thirteen 
 and possibly more components, have been classified and the important features of each class have been 
 discussed. 
 
 3. The relation of the measured separations to the "normal interval" 
 
 e H 
 a= - 
 
 m 4irv 
 
 has been studied for all types of resolution. A large majority of the separations of triplets and quadru- 
 plets show a close relation to this interval, while the generality with which the more complex types show 
 the spacing of their components to be simply related to this interval indicates a full confirmation of 
 Runge's law. 
 
 4. Many cases of "magnetic duplicates," i.e., lines exactly similar in resolution, with the same inter- 
 vals between components, have been found among the more complex types, indicating close similarity 
 in the light vibrations which give rise to these lines. Large groups of lines showing triplet separation 
 are similar in this respect. 
 
 5. The large range of wave-length covered has made it possible to observe the rate of increase of 
 magnetic separation with the wave-length. This increase is such that the mean value of AX/X 2 for suc- 
 cessive intervals throughout this range shows a close approach to constancy for both iron and titanium, 
 with no systematic variation. The conclusion is that for these spectra the mean separation of Zeeman 
 components varies as the square of the wave-length. 
 
 6. Cases of unsymmetrical separation of Zeeman components, so distinct as to be classed as abnormal, 
 have been pointed out. The theory of Voigt concerning a slight dissymmetry in the intensity and spacing 
 of the components of triplets has been tested for a number of iron lines, with the result that this effect 
 appears to be real in many cases, although some lines fail to show such a difference. 
 
 7. The enhanced lines of the two elements have been compared with those showing no enhancement 
 in the spark, both as to type and magnitude of separation. The only difference between the behavior 
 of the two classes in the magnetic field appears to be that among the stronger enhanced lines of titanium 
 the triplet type strongly predominates, the separations usually being of medium amount and not closely 
 related to the interval a. 
 
 8. On account of a possible similarity between the actions of the magnetic field and of pressure around 
 the light source as displacing agencies, a detailed comparison has been made of the magnetic separations 
 and corresponding pressure displacements for these spectra. It was proved that a close correspondence 
 does not exist, but there is a general agreement as to magnitude of the two effects when the means for 
 large numbers of lines are considered. 
 
 In conclusion, I wish to acknowledge my great obligations to Mr. Hale for his unfailing support and 
 interest in the equipment and development of the physical laboratory and for much advice as to the 
 conduct of the investigations. A great deal of credit is due also to Miss Wickham and to Miss Griffin 
 for ^their careful and often difficult work in the measurement and reduction of the photographs. The 
 large number of spectrograms required to do justice to the iron spectrum, in particular, increased the 
 work of measurement out of proportion to the total number of lines treated. 
 64 
 
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PLATE 1 
 
PLATE 2 
 
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PLATE 3 
 
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