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 ]}!2D n^u 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE MERCHANT TATLOES' HEBREW GBAMMAE. 
 
 Paet I.-EASY first EXERCISES. 
 Part II.-FIRST READINGS, WITH NOTES. 
 
 Part III. 
 ENGLISH PIECES WITH HINTS, FOR HEBREW COMPOSITION. 
 
 TWO GLOSSARIES. 
 
 Rev. C. J. BALL, M.A., 
 
 CENSOR AND CHAPLAIN OF KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. 
 
 Multie tenicolis lingua?, ccclestibus una. 
 
 LONDON: 
 SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 
 
 15, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 [4H rights reserved.']
 
 PJ 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 TO 
 
 THE REV. T. K. CHEYNE, M.A., 
 
 OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD, 
 IN 
 
 TOKEN OF SINCERE ESTEEM. 
 
 s. n ^ ir~*
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface . . . . , , , . . i 
 
 Part I. Elementary Exercises . . ... . 1 
 
 Part II. Readings from the Old Testament . . .59 
 Pai-t III. Pieces for Composition . . . .133 
 
 Hebrew-English Glossary 203 
 
 English-Hebrew Glossary 245
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 This work is strictly what its name denotes, a book for 
 beginners. It should be used in conjunction with the 
 Author's Grammar ; those parts of the latter should 
 first be studied which correspond to the introductory 
 exercises. It is believed that any one who carefully 
 works through Part I., with constant reference, as 
 suggested, to the Grammar, will find no difficulty in 
 reading the historical books of the Old Testament. 
 
 Part II. is provided with references to the Grammar, 
 all of which should be conscientiously examined. The 
 utility of this course will at once become evident to the 
 student himself. 
 
 Part III. is intended to meet the needs of candidates 
 for scholarships at the Universities ; and the whole work 
 is based on five years' experience in preparing such 
 candidates in connexion with Merchant Taylors' School. 
 
 A KEY to the exercises will shortly be ready. 
 
 C. J. BALL. 
 
 King's College. 
 
 Drcnnher, 1878.
 
 PART I. 
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES 
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH 
 AND ENGLISH-HEBREW.
 
 PART I. 
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 EXERCISE 1. 
 See Grammar, p. 43 c, 44. 
 
 Prefix the article to : 
 
 lyi word, thing (m.) 
 
 7ilil great (m.) 
 
 litD good (m.) 
 
 *l7v boy (m.) 
 
 p.NI earth, land (f.) 
 
 byT} palace (m.) 
 
 D'lh] boys (Gr. p. 23, note 1) 
 
 Tin splendour (m.) 
 
 pX stone (f.) 
 
 y^ city (f.) 
 
 nn dearth (ra.) 
 
 Wli^ man, Ac wo (m.) 
 
 I'ly evening (m.) 
 
 ^"}.0 sword (f.) 
 
 D^n wise (m.) 
 ■•n living (m.) 
 y^-l wicked (m.) 
 nSy dust (m.) 
 li^n he-ass (m.) 
 VO illness (m.) 
 nSn milk (m.) 
 ^;^f a fleet 
 *^y oppression 
 n^f lion (m.) 
 mhn God (m.) 
 y'l bad, evil (m.) 
 Ipn kindness (m.) 
 D^^I)n wise men 
 
 2*
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 nii^n swords n^n to a mountain 
 
 T -; T T 
 
 py clouds (m.) D"*iri mountains (m.) 
 
 ]^y smoke (m.) *l|p book (m.) 
 
 EXERCISE 2. 
 
 See Gr. p. 44, B, notes 1, 2. 
 Write the interrogative n22 before : 
 
 T • T V V T T T T T 
 
 .nyi — n^i^y _ 0*1 — 1^^^ — n^in — :^nn 
 
 And prefix the interrogative H (Gr. p. 112, 4^ note) to : 
 
 ^iil nation "^19^ she said 
 
 n^3 he wept CJ!1^^^ ye said 
 
 ^£5^ he fell r\t)3 he made 
 
 JjinpS thou tookest ^^T^'O J^ killed 
 
 p7 to a son IDT they will walk 
 
 DnnpS ye took Dn^ 
 
 EXERCISE 3. 
 
 5 in, by, with y to 3 as, like 
 
 '^I'l'^D? in the way, always contracts into "XT}^ 
 \)1^rh to the lord, „ „ „ piSS 
 
 nxri5 like the lion, „ „ „ n^f^ 
 
 etc., the n of the article being elided, and the preposition 
 
 taking its vowel.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 5 
 
 Translate : 
 
 i\m^ — (ba-oni) ^;«5 
 
 By the boys. To the earth. In the dust. With the 
 kindness. For the lion. As the sword. For the good. 
 In the evening. With the stone. In the oppression. 
 Like the wicked. Like the wise. 
 
 EXERCISE 4. 
 Gr. p. 25, 5, ad init. 
 
 Note. — ?, ?, ?, appear as 3, ?, ?, before letters witli sh'wa ; ^''l^'l 
 words, CI?"]? with words. See Gr. p. 13, note 2. Sh'wa is omitted 
 after yodh ; as ij^''? in honour, = '^\>\ -\- ?. 
 
 Translate : By a lion. In a fleet. As an ass. In a 
 heat (nn). With stones (D';l?^f). In eating (SbX). In 
 a sickness (h^). To God (Gr. p. 26, h). As a lion. 
 With a lyre ( /^3). According to (5) the word. 
 
 Translate : By falling (Gr. p. 14, 3). To great ones 
 (D^Snil). In ways (DOn^). Like blood-drops {'12'!) of 
 the lion. For one fearful (J^T) of man. According 
 to (3) word of (y?^) God. By word of the man. By 
 prowess of (Hl^iil) the king C^/^). With weeping 
 (^55). In the days of i^^\) the famine. To thy right 
 hand {^)V)'
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 EXERCISE 5. 
 
 '\P from ; "^^IP from a word. The nun assimilates ; see Gr. 
 
 p. 27, 2, nVa. 
 
 1^"5^P from a land. Gutturals cannot he doubled; 
 
 see Gr. p. 24. 
 
 ^.^^IJjQ ffrom the land 
 
 ? }*-inD on the outside of . . . 
 
 \ and; Gr. p. 118, ad Jin. Orig. w&, which became wl and wi, 
 and even w^. 
 
 Notice also m-in^O = m-inno from Yehuda, and n|?.*.n '^'l ('Tl = 
 ^H; + "!) and the hands of the boy. See Ex. 4, note. 
 
 Translate : 
 
 • -; T I • . T " • • T : • v: IT • v; |.. 
 
 n^!iS vr\'o — DixS niD« 
 
 • - - I • T T IT T : IT 
 
 (Gr. p. 46, pron. suff., and p. 48, 4.) '^f^f2 riHpS 
 (p. 47, ad med.) ':?^J^■nX nb^S? — 1|Ste^ DJ3ln0^it 
 
 From fruit of (^1?) the ground (n^*lX). And weeping 
 of the man. And eating. From blood-drops of the lion. 
 Fearful of God. And stones. And from the land. And 
 to the king. And with a sword (Ex. 1). And from 
 sickness (Ex. 4). And to the lion. And to the man. 
 And to a man. And in days of old (2']|?). On the 
 outside of (to) the city. In the hands of the king. He 
 came into (3) Y^riishalayim (Dv^^"l)). From days of 
 old.' The word to Yehuda(h) and Y^rushalayim.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 EXERCISE 6. 
 Pausal and Pretonic Yowels. 
 Gr. p. 37, h, 38. 
 Translate, parsing the pausal forms : 
 
 __ nins — 'iv^ — hrm — ••:diS — vh^ ^nh 
 
 VAT V • 'a •• -A - • AV : AT 
 
 ... ,T - TV • - IT - • IT T 
 
 And with weeping. And to the sword. In a vision 
 (^Xl). From the sickness. And in the fleet. Generation 
 and generation (^H, Gr. p. 118, ^J. Day and night 
 (DV, HT^S). (Athnah or silluq falls on the last word in 
 each case). 
 
 EXERCISE 7. 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 Demonstrative, see Gr. p. 42, 43 ; Personal, p. 44, 45. 
 See also p. 124, line 3; 126, at end, "In a sentence the 
 subject," etc.; 127, lines 1-7. 
 
 nin5 high, tall ^'^ man, vir 
 
 IpT old J^l evil, f. T\'T) wickedness 
 
 T\i7\ girl Sn5 great, f. nSn^ 
 
 l^p young, small, f. HJ^p T^V small, younger 
 
 Translate : 
 
 nn:i xin nnn 3- nn rsryn ' 
 
 - T T T V - I T T IV
 
 HEBREW PEIMER. 
 
 f >sri ^'^^iji D^ai 
 h)i^r\ hyr\r\ nj 
 
 T T IT 
 
 T : - ■ T 
 
 j^^nn [tSj'^n nS*n 
 
 This great mckedness. The wickedness is great. The 
 old man. That old man. An old man. This is the old 
 man. That girl is young. A man, and a boy, and a 
 mountain (see Ex. 6, pretonic )). Thou art the man. 
 Who are ye? He was in (?) sickness. This oppression 
 is evil. Thou wast great. This boy is good. This 
 sickness is evil. 
 
 EXERCISE 8. 
 
 ntpT]^ cattle (coll. f.) 
 Pjiy birds (coll. m.) 
 
 Translate : 
 
 
 ^iri new, f. ntj'nn 
 
 T T 7 T T -: 
 
 'p some of... (Gr. p. 50, 1.9) 
 
 IP! '^^ 
 npiTj nx-iri nnnn 
 
 T T -: - • t: IT 
 
 1 T -: IT • V •• •
 
 ELEMENTAKY EXERCISES » 
 
 Who is that man? What is this (f.)? Some of 
 the birds. Those men (p'^)^) are old (Gr. p. 62). 
 Thou (f.) art young. Those cattle are not clean. 
 Those boys are not tall. You (m.) are dust from the 
 ground. He was a farmer (man of the ground). 
 
 EXERCISE 9. 
 
 Gr. : Pronouns, p. 46-50; Order of Words, p. 123, 124. 
 
 nb'y he made ^^5 ^^ came, went 
 
 (^) «nj'5 he called n^| he built 
 
 \T\'l he gave, put, made Hj^? he took 
 
 nnnn dry land "l1^^ light 
 
 Translate : 
 
 : Dnxn-'^rnxi ^r\^^\ ^ni« rim 
 n^intpn r\'fpr\':fr^ Sia npS 
 
 \ V IT T T T IV t| T T . 
 
 T •• - T V T • • • -.- T 
 
 (Gr.p.l24,3,subj.afterpred.) DV ^ixS DWX Nnp 
 
 He came unto you. Art thou like us? The cattle 
 which were upon the earth. He made all living
 
 10 
 
 HEBEEW PRIMER. 
 
 (n*nn ^^5) from man to cattle. You have that sword 
 (to you that sword). He made mankind on the earth. 
 Great was the wickedness on the earth. Yonder man 
 came to me {verb first). The wise man went to the 
 mountain ("Tinn, Gr. p. 52, H locale). He gave you all 
 that you have (all which to you). He took some of the 
 people. He called us out of the dust. He called the 
 weapon (V?) a sword. 
 
 5)D3 silver 
 
 nriT gold 
 
 \yi^ shield 
 
 rm^ the Underworld 
 
 Ur)^ health, peace 
 
 nbi^ food 
 
 EXERCISE 10. 
 
 Gr. pp. 54, 55. 
 
 rh^^ night (m.) 
 pt^"^^ deep 
 n5S;3 well (f.) 
 nbV bird (c.) 
 1^:^ sheep (coll.) 
 TVi* moon 
 
 Translate : 
 
 iir!5(Ex.2)Dmr| Sm 
 
 •^ibs (pi.) D^nSxg ^D 
 
 T IT • T •• T : IT 
 
 (Ex. 2, n inter.) iS DiSk^H
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 11 
 
 That well is deep. This bird is clean. Is the lion 
 clean ? Who made this shield ? What did he call (to) 
 this bird? He made the gold like the dust. He took 
 some of the sheep from thee, and to us he gave them 
 for food. Are ye well? {Is health to you?) The moon 
 is large to-night (the night). 
 
 EXERCISE 11 
 
 Gr. p. 55, 6, pp. 56, 57, 2, 3. 
 
 1. Write down the abs. pi. of n*[J<, f., ^^^^ m., 
 Th% f., nr, m., r\yp^ f., Tli^'pa, m., D^, m., ^135, m., 
 
 pSx, m., n|D, f., n*ririri, f., nn^v, f., n^n^, m., nny, iild, 
 
 2. The f. sing. abs. (Gr. p. 56, h) and constr. (p. 57, 3) 
 of 7n|, "11!^^, Cp^, Dp, D1 (qame9 in qdm^ ram, does 
 not change). 
 
 3. The constr. sing. (p. 57, 2) of l^^l, p^^, :3nS, [p, 
 n?3, 1|T^ ; and the constr. pi. of DID, D^, Sx, nHNI, 11^5, 
 Jib^^ (none of these vowels change). 
 
 4. The constr. sing, and pi. (p. 57, 3) of the following 
 words with mutable vowels : H^S?^, nXO, ni<3, HS*^ ; also 
 constr. sing, of H^^, Hiy, H^H, Hlnyin. (Gutturals do 
 not take simple sh'wa, Gr. p. 25, 4.) 
 
 5. Make the dual of 1) hand, p^^ leg, S^ll foot (add 
 the new ending to the stem ragl), DV day, ]^ tooth 
 (stem shinn), ^ nostril (stem 'app), py eye, "^l^ {birk) 
 knee.
 
 12 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 EXERCISE 12. 
 
 Gr. p. 46; The Suffixes, pp. 58, 59. 
 
 SING. PLUR. 
 
 ^hf2 king D^5^? kings 
 
 f INiri TlS^ king of the land pxri"";?'?^ kings of the land 
 ^37^ my king ^^^0 my kings 
 
 «("'<■ 
 
 m.) king T^t? thy (m.) kings 
 
 115^0 thy (f.) king ybhf2 thy (f.) kings 
 137^ his king ^^^7? liis kings 
 
 nS?^ her king C*?*?? her kings 
 
 ^ii?^ our king ^^*??? out kings 
 
 Dp57^ your (m.) king S5^?r^ your (m.) kings 
 
 p57^ your (f.) king P'*57^ your (f.) kings 
 
 D37^ their (m.) king DH''!]?^ their (m.) kings 
 
 ]^b^ their (f.) king [nO^^? their (f.) kings 
 
 Learn the above by heart, and notice (i.) that all 
 suffixes in the sing, attach to the stem walk; (ii.) that 
 in the pi. all attach to mHdkhay (ey^ -ey) except khem^ 
 khen, hem^ hen, which four attach to malkhey ; (iii.) that 
 kaf in the pi. is aspirated. 
 
 EXERCISE 13. 
 
 See last Exercise, and Gr. p. 59. 
 
 Write out with all the suffixes the sing, and pi. of 
 (i.) '^'I'l a way, pX a stone, D'13 vineyard, [|| vine; 
 (ii.) tOlK^ a rod, "Tli a vow.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 13 
 
 SING. PLUR. 
 
 ?137^ queen niD/?? queens 
 pNinnsS;? „ ofthelandpxnniD'p^ „ of the land 
 
 ^nS?^ nay queen ^Hi^?^ my queens 
 
 '?[n|)7^ thy (m.) queen '^''fei^?^ thy (m.) queens 
 
 'Jjri^?^ thy (f.) queen "Tj^ni^?^ thy (f.) queens 
 
 inS?^ his queen VHI^^^ his queens 
 
 fnri37^ her queen ri''J0i^7^ her queens 
 
 ^^n37^ our queen li^'HI^'p^ our queens 
 
 D^n^i?^ your (m.) queen D^l'^rili?^ your(m.)queens 
 
 pri57^ your (f.) queen p'*ni^7^ your (f.) queens 
 
 ^^hU*. , . / X DH^ni^S^:) their (m.) 
 
 Dm^^ their (m.) queen ^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 i^hU*. 1 . .^x P^niriS^:] their (f.) 
 
 iWS^ their (f.) queen '-j^^^^^j ^JJ 
 
 Learn the above by heart, and notice (i.) that in the 
 sing, all the sufl5xes but khem, khen, are preceded by 
 qame9 in the open pretonic syllable ; (ii.) that in the 
 sing, the kaf is unaspirated all through; (iii.) that all 
 suffixes in the pi. attach to malkhothay {-ey, -ay, -ey); 
 (iv.) and that the kaf is aspirated, and therefore without 
 dagesh, throughout the plural. 
 
 ;EXERCISE 14. 
 
 Write out H^?^ and n7f2^ a shirt, wrapper, with all 
 suffixes sing, and pi. See last Exercise, and Gr. p. 59.
 
 14 
 
 HEBREW PRIMEE. 
 
 EXERCISE 15. 
 
 Gr. p. 59 ; Suffixes, p. 46. 
 
 D5?j pleasantness 
 
 im pillar 
 
 1DJ precious, costly, f. ri'lj^''^ 
 
 /^n a breath, vanity 
 
 *^D;3 idol 
 
 U^2 vineyard 
 
 [35 vine 
 
 hyi_ foot 
 
 t!iy slave 
 
 pNI stone 
 
 Translate : 
 
 ^^1^ Snn i^Nt 
 n^xn D^^inNin nn)*^^^ n^ 
 
 "=11"! way 
 
 *ini? vow 
 
 t]w^ ear 
 
 7"T[il greatness 
 
 m^ life, soul (f.) 
 
 trntr root 
 
 ^DT remembrance 
 
 iriT gold 
 
 P|D| silver 
 
 Cy"Tp shrine 
 
 D'-'inn p^<a D^n':'.^ npS inx 
 
 My vineyard. His vine. Her foot. A slave's foot. 
 Her stones. Thy ways. Thy (f) vows. Ears (constr.). 
 His greatness. Their kings are great kings. How
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 15 
 
 great are the kings of those cities (t^***!!?) ! My boys. 
 Their life is precious. Their lives are precious. Roots 
 are good for food. Your ears are large. Their remem- 
 brance. Our sceptres are sceptres of gold and silver. 
 The shrines of their (m.) idols are great. Their (m.) 
 ways are ways of pleasantness. His robes are very 
 costly. The pillars of that temple are lofty. 
 
 EXERCISE 16. 
 
 Gr. p. 
 
 r\T\Tp joy 
 pjn strength 
 TTT]^ cloak 
 T\TT\ ruin 
 nri£) gate 
 Xhr\ delight 
 n^l^ bow (f.) 
 hr}^ tent 
 K'ln month 
 
 Translate : 
 
 in? nytJ^ 
 
 T T •■ -; |- 
 
 60, Rem. 1. 
 
 pil cornfloor 
 
 'IW gate 
 
 riB'^n reproach 
 
 ppn smoothness; lot, part 
 
 7^.y steer 
 
 rhy^^ heifer 
 
 Ssjb a deed 
 
 y^lT seed; offspring 
 
 ^IJj^ri aspect, appearance 
 
 I" - : T T : T 
 
 I ... T -: T ■■ : - 
 
 iN^ D^;i5^ x^nn i^sjn ^nns 
 i^yn nnin nks
 
 16 HEBEEW PRIMEE. 
 
 t: it 
 
 Our ruins. Our seed. Your (m.) deeds. Their (f.) 
 lot. Thy (f.) reproach. Cornfloors (f. ending). The 
 steers are in the cornfloors. The gates of her city are 
 high. God is our strength. The reproach of thy (m.) 
 off'spring is great. Your (m.) silver sceptres. We have 
 many slaves, and much (use 1*1, a subst.) gold and 
 silver. Their (m.) ways are not my ways. His tents 
 m^e tents of delight. All my delight is in them (m.). 
 This is their lot from Yah we. 
 
 EXERCISE 17. 
 
 Gr. p. 60, Rem. 2, pp. 61, 152, c, d. 
 
 1 with verbal noun = when. 
 
 nj:?5 well, pi. nhj^i, constr. nn^f3 
 
 pbi^ eating 
 
 *^^^ corpse 
 
 U^p shoulder 
 
 iby standing 
 
 "75? 1p3 punishing 
 
 m^ stench 
 
 *lb^? saying 
 
 
 Translate : 
 
 
 T=^^ 
 
 n^y 
 
 D^;^ nhx| 
 
 np52^ 
 
 um:i 
 
 Dnn:i3 mi
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 17 
 
 Dnj< np3 Di*!i ^i)^^ 
 
 DH^ iS^^{ (after) '^m ^^^^^ 
 
 • •• ; • T - T 
 
 My eating. Thy (f.) eating. Her (f.) standing. The 
 stench of the corpses is very bad. Thy shoulder. His 
 well. Your (m.) saying. When you eat this (in your 
 eating). When God punisheth the wicked (D'^^^'l). 
 Wells of water and wells of bitumen ("^^H). When the 
 man stood in the gate of the city. 
 
 EXERCISE 18. 
 Weak Forms. 
 Gr. p. 60 (i.). 
 
 in sharp 75 whole, total 
 
 pi thin iV might 
 
 t)3 palm (of hand), du. D^3|l "^D den, lair 
 
 y] great, D''51 many HSD booth, hut 
 
 f p end ^n^;, they dwelt 
 
 ny time, pi. niny ^^l he dwelt, abode 
 
 nil shouting 
 
 in mountain ^1 evil, bad "l 
 
 ^j- 1 n ^*,K / '\ see Gr. p. 24, 1, 
 
 IS bull ni3 cow {=parra) g^tturdsl 
 
 1^ prince DS? people J
 
 18 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Translate : 
 
 rhi^T] nip^in niisn 
 ...... I - 
 
 Dri7 nnntp D^sa 
 
 T T . T - : IT 
 
 The peoples, all of them, are mine. The shouting of 
 the princes. My times (f. ending). They dwelt in 
 booths on the mountains. The lion abode in his lair. 
 God is my might. The peoples of the earth are many. 
 Many mountains are upon the earth. My palms are 
 thin. Thy (f.) princes, all of them, are wicked. The 
 end came to ( v^i^) my people. Their end is near 
 
 EXERCISE 19. 
 Gr. pp. 60, 61. 
 
 W'p water, constr. *^ 
 
 ni kid 
 
 v3 weapon, vessel 
 nX"! he saw, heeded 
 *^*1 weak, tender, f. (13*1 
 ^1^ captivity 
 ^SJ beauty 
 "Tjiri middle 
 
 p)^ street, pi. n'0 
 ''hi bucket 
 
 * t: 
 
 P! wine 
 
 *in!l river 
 
 t^y eye, D^rs? eyes (f.) 
 
 n|) fruit 
 
 TS? goat, pi. Dny 
 
 '^^p he poured
 
 ELEMENTARY EXEECISES. 19 
 
 Translate : 
 
 n^!in ^ins inyn hi< ^<!l i'2'2 )y:ivi) ^:iniK ti'h>i 
 
 ■AT - I : V V T - •• T •• T "it: : - -: • - 
 
 n^yn ^in5 vnSx S5'n■n^{ n^a 
 Dp^ pxjb "^yiT j<3 t^'pr'^^^ D'-!n d:£5 ^ug^ 
 
 Those oxen are lean. He saw them in the streets. 
 Her eyes are weak. Your fruit is very good. All these 
 kids of the goats belong to that man. Ye killed the 
 tender kids in the midst of the streets. He poured the 
 water of the river into his bucket. How great is thy (f.) 
 beauty ! The trees of the land yielded not their fruit. 
 He poured their wine on the ground. Their great God 
 saw their grievous oppression. 
 
 EXERCISE 20. 
 
 SING. PLUR. 
 
 "ll*^ a word D'^'lll words 
 
 T T * T ; 
 
 D15<n 'll'l word of the man DIKH '•'ll'l words of the man 
 
 T T IT - : T T IT •• : • 
 
 ^^ll"^ my word The rest of the plural 
 
 ^y^.^ '^^. thy (m.) word is formed exactly 
 
 "^IW thy (f ) word like U'^hl2 in Ex.12,
 
 20 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 SING. 
 
 1*11*1 his word 
 n*!!"^ her word 
 ^i'11'1 our word 
 Dl'll'l your (m.) word 
 p"]!"^ your (f.) word 
 D*!!*^ their (m.) word 
 
 pi"! their (f.) word 
 
 PLUR. 
 
 but keeping i (not 
 a) in the first 
 syllable before the 
 heavy suffixes khem, 
 klien, hem, hen. 
 
 Learn the above, and (i.) form the rest of the pi. ; 
 (ii.) write out ^^p\, constr. n*!^^, with all suffixes sing, 
 and pL, on the model of ril/D, Ex. 13, but keeping i 
 (not a) in the shut first syllable; see Gr. p. 62. 
 
 EXERCISE 21. 
 
 Gr. pp. 62, 72 col. 1, perf. qal of strong verb. 
 
 TV^l^ ring-fence, fold 
 ypp proverb 
 D^JlS bricks 
 nx cedar 
 D:S^| wings (f.) 
 p7 white 
 
 npi spotted 
 
 np/p curse 
 
 in; he fled 
 
 X*11J fearful, awful 
 
 \'^'l he slept; adj. asleep 
 
 ^{''li prophet 
 
 Translate : 
 
 ^h i^m ^m ^^^ig nn HD 

 
 ELEMENTARY EXEECISES. 21 
 
 T " : T.. )-T t:- - TTiT -: 
 
 IT •■ 1" • T : T :iT 
 
 Your old men are as boys. Deep waters ai^e my 
 words. They slept an everlasting sleep (sleep of 
 eternity). The king's sleep fled. How good is thy (m.) 
 sleep (pausal) ! Heardst thou the awful curses of the 
 prophet? All of them are asleep in that great city. 
 The cedars of the mountains are tall. His wings are 
 very white. Ye gave me some of your bricks. Her 
 fences are high. He spake pleasant words to his 
 servants. Their proverb is excellent in our eyes. He 
 came to the folds of the sheep. In our folds lie (f^'^, 
 ptcp. m. pi.) the spotted goats. 
 
 EXERCISE 22. 
 
 Gr. pp. 62, 63. 
 
 Vowels mutable: 
 
 yV tree U^^\ days 
 
 j5 son yi a fish 
 
 W name m fish (coll.) 
 
 i: hand, du. DH^
 
 22 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Vowels immutable : 
 
 "li a light, lamp, pi. nil!? 
 
 'lil stranger, resident foreigner 
 
 7^ (cill) shadow 
 ^J^*? before 
 yy^ stream 
 tSSitJ^ judge 
 DJ sea, pi. D*^* 
 h)r\^ planted 
 )3W he heard 
 
 Dipp place 
 
 li'lp near 
 
 ^np holy 
 
 D'^Cri complete, perfect 
 
 D^^V^ pleasant, amcenus 
 
 yy\'2 star 
 
 T 
 
 i^i^ seat, dwelling 
 \'12\ right hand 
 
 • IT T - ( V : T - - : V • v: t t 
 
 ■^Sm T\)'i ^m ni2:ipan-S3 on n|pNi 
 
 A lamp to my feet is thy word! He made its (f.) 
 lamps of gold. How many are the fishes of the sea! 
 What is thy name? I know not the names of the sons 
 of these strangers. I heard the sound (voice) of the 
 pleasant streams of water. My son stood before his 
 judges. Days of distress (rTl^) are near to you. This
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 23 
 
 is the place of the dwelling of the Holy One of my 
 people. He took that sword from the hands of his 
 little son. God is the holy judge of all the earth. All 
 his delight (fSH) is in the perfect of mankind. His 
 hands made 0^)^) us all. What is his name, and what 
 his son's name? (use maqqef in both clauses; see Gr. 
 p. 36, ad init.) We were sitting (ptcp. qal) in the 
 pleasant shadow of the trees. Under (in) thy shadow 
 sat all the nations which are near to thy land. The 
 fish of the seas are more numerous than (Gr. p. 137) the 
 sons of man. 
 
 EXERCISE 23. 
 
 Gr. p. 64. 
 
 y^S) offence 
 
 nb'y maker 
 
 nb'yp a work 
 
 nyh shepherd 
 
 T\ypf^ substance, esp. cattle 
 
 ND5 throne 
 
 nn^!l terror 
 
 T T - 
 
 y^T\ he set up 
 pyi to chase hotly 
 T\W2 a command 
 
 tOS^^ judgment; custom 
 
 ltVtt2 a track, path 
 
 r\yi'!2 pillar 
 
 nxtpn a sin, offence 
 
 tV|5i cleanness, purity 
 
 p5 between 
 
 ]^n^ he pulled down 
 
 rri^ip grave 
 
 jl^t^'l former, first 
 
 Translate : 
 
 toara na^5 vt mi^ 
 
 u'W nb^y r\r\' Dy;b my
 
 24 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 h]2 )b^; n^^n nin^s t]^3^ ]v^: n:;h 'nn; ^;^f 
 
 DHNbn ^^y n^n^p *ni!n 
 
 ni3D nb^y ^njp.p'p^ nbi:: m^) n'^ti nrh rin^ 
 
 bnrniup r\y$J2 x^n nnn^np-Sy nn^^ ripp! y^n 
 
 n)i r\';h niws*p3 tog^f^^ nixD? ^n^;^ n*^ 
 
 *' Tell thou. 
 
 With purity of hands he did this. Great a7'e the 
 works of Yahwe. All the works which he did were just 
 and sincere (justice and sincerity). He came from his 
 field in the evening. What is our offence, what is our 
 sin, that thou hast hotly chased after us? Ye kept 
 all my commands and my judgments. And there was 
 strife (^''T'*'?.''}) between the herdsmen of the cattle of 
 'Abram, and between the herdsmen of the cattle of L6t. 
 The upright walk in paths of straightness (p"]^). He 
 pulled down the pillar (H!!^^) of the house. He broke 
 up the pillars of God's house. Thy throne ('^^fIp3, Gr. 
 p. 23, note 1), God, is for ever! Her pillar is very 
 high. He set up their thrones for these judges. There 
 is no remembrance of (to) former things (m.). 
 
 EXERCISE 24. 
 
 Gr. pp. 24, 56, a, 65, QQ. 
 
 2^*111 ( = harrash) craftsman 7^5 camel, pi. D'*?^^ 
 ^'T\ (= hirrish) deaf J^p small
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 25 
 
 ^'1^ (= parrash) horseman '2'2'~\ chariots, coll. 
 
 1N*5V neck, sing, and pi., constr. "1N*5V, '"I.^^^V- 
 
 Translate : 
 
 He fell upon his neck. He put an iron yoke ( /J^5 'V) 
 upon the neck of all the nations. Ye put your feet upon 
 the necks of those kings. The king's horsemen {^^'^^) 
 have taken the camels of the strangers. He gave these 
 stones to the deaf craftsmen (D^ti^"}riri D^^in?). These 
 little stones are precious. That man is a smith (SJ^'lll 
 7n5)- My father! my father! the chariots and horse- 
 men of Yisrd'el (Gr. p. 134, ad Jin.) ! He took his cloak 
 which fell from upon him (/i^^). Is this your youngest 
 (the young) brother? How good and how pleasant is the 
 dwelling (ri!3^) of brothers together (t in^^"D^) ! Thy 
 wife abode in that city. These are the sons of 'Add, 
 wife of ''Esdw. The days of the years of the life of your 
 fathers were many. Your daughter is very fair. He 
 slew those men with the edge (mouth) of the sword. 
 Why didst thou say, She is my sister? Ye preserved 
 (^0^'^C) ^y father, and my mother, and my brothers, 
 and my sisters. He built for them houses of hewn 
 stone (ri''Til). These were men of renown (name). Ye 
 deserve death (sons of death are ye), because ye watched 
 not over (/S^) your lord(pl. intens.). 
 
 EXERCISE 25. 
 
 Gr. pp. 72, col. 1. 
 
 ri7y leaf, foliage ^ItD^ outstretched 
 
 r\lt field J^^:?J prophet
 
 26 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ri^iy^ lowliness tJ'J^V perverse 
 
 •^Sn he walked '^^l.V blind WU4.^ ^^!^\ 
 
 n.^X bliss (pi. of state) D^« dumb 
 
 yytp interpreter H/Til plunder (gere. firm) 
 
 Translate : 
 
 Djjyn^^ kS Dpb nniv D^^i? 
 
 T T : • ' : : . t ... v t ,... - t 
 
 D\v^l nv?5 '^^fi nS im ^'^r\ n.^x 
 
 The leafage of that tree withered not. From the tree 
 I took some of his leafage. All of them a7'e dumb 
 dogs. They walked like the blind in the streets. He 
 walked in lowliness of heart. I have put (given) my 
 words in his mouth. He will not shed innocent blood. 
 Wilt thou remember (f.) the words of the wise prophet? 
 the bliss of those who keep (ptcp.) his statutes! Pour 
 out (m.) before him your heart! Hearken thou, my 
 daughter, to (5) my voice ! I will remember my covenant 
 which is between me and between you. Hearken to me, 
 ye who pursue justice!
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 27 
 
 EXERCISE 26. 
 Gr. pp. 72, col. 2, 3, 137, 144, 145. 
 
 7*15 to be great, grown up ip^l to rot 
 
 yyp^ to draw near tjVfD to be angry 
 
 153 to be heavy ^^^ to lie down 
 
 h'y able, to prevail over (7) ; 7^^ is, or will be able 
 
 70 to be brought low li^ to be afraid, '').^f2 of . . . 
 
 pt^f2 to be sweet P^ (is, was, etc.) not 
 
 ty^iS to be clothed HNIpS to meet . . . c. suff. 
 
 Translate : 
 
 ^Bptph n^h^ *n5i|'^ n«^ nn^a nnx^n 
 
 :^5a^ ^niJiy ^-t!i5! n^? ^^^^ 
 imb jbj'^n vnx b"!;;*! 
 
 Av T • v: • I - T ... -: •• - T 
 
 AT : - T T ^ : 
 
 *^S^ri-niJ5 ^ni^sSri p ^3 d^ds n^h^ n^^vi 
 
 * Gr. p. 141 (c) 
 
 t Gr. p. 141 (a).
 
 28 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 The city shall be brought low. They prevailed not 
 over me. Canst thou count the stars of heaven? I 
 cannot count them. After whom art thou pursuing? 
 Thou art more just than I. He will draw near to meet 
 thee (m,). The eyes of lofty ones (D**)!!^) shall be 
 brouo;ht low. Thou wast afraid of them. And the 
 woman said, Art thou Yo'db? and he said, I am. That 
 which I feared came to me. And the battle was heavy 
 unto Shd'iil. The land was not able to bear (nxb?) 
 them. On me, my lord the king, be the guilt, and the 
 king and his throne be innocent! And lo, Shd'iil was 
 lying asleep in his tent, and the people lying (pi.) 
 around (nii''5P) him. I was afraid of the wrath (5|i<) 
 with which Yah we was angry against (v^) you. I 
 cannot (impf ) bear all this people, for it is too heavy 
 for me (heavy from me). 
 
 EXERCISE 27. 
 Gr. p. 72, col. 4. 
 
 "755^ he is great, powerful DH pi he fought 
 
 ^ty^"^ he was wary, guarded self against ; c. "p 
 
 ulb"^ he escaped ri*l^^ he is cut off 
 
 yiilSJ'J he sware 11^^ he was parted, separated 
 
 Parse :
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 29 
 
 Translate : 
 
 A- T V V : T : I: ■ : - : 
 
 T VT-- TT- |"T 
 
 J hi<i^''^ nrhrh ni'^n^-m ^i^^pl 
 yh nr\-hTim Sins SNnb':-S3 t)px;. ^Dijii 
 
 Beware, for thine own sake ("^7) ! They have not 
 been cut off. Ye shall beware for your lives! How 
 (Y^) shall we escape? These escaped from his hand. 
 From the camp of Yisra el have I escaped ! Before the 
 face C^S'^y) of all the people I will be honoured. That 
 soul has been cut oif from its people. He was buried 
 in his father's grave. Pleasant were they in their life, 
 and in their death they were not parted (pausal gere). 
 Thou shalt beware of every evil thing (^^"l). And 
 Absalom (Di?^^^!^) ben-David had a fair sister (to 
 Absalom was a fair sister), and her name was T^mdr. 
 I cannot escape from them. Escape (f.) for (75?) thy 
 life! And the P^lishtim gathered (nif. imperf), and 
 Shd'iil gathered (qal imperf.) all Yisra 61. Thou canst
 
 30 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 not fight with (UV) him, for thou art a boy, and he has 
 been a man of war from his youth. He took their king's 
 coronet from off his head ; and its weight was a talent 
 of gold. 
 
 EXERCISE 28. 
 
 Pi'el and Hithpa'el. 
 
 Gr. p. 73 ; Perfect and Impf. with Waw conversive, 
 pp. 144-149. 
 
 135 he stole ; deceived 2J^[55 he sought 
 
 D?£5^ he fulfilled (a vow) tJ^^lp he sanctified 
 
 bfp he cursed 73^ he bereaved 
 
 5 /^1 he slandered, acted as spy 
 75? ^32 he atoned for, pu. was forgiven 
 
 Translate : 
 
 Dnrii< Dn^5 ^|V5 b'snn*! lix-n^ys nm h-^^j^i^ 
 
 Dn;ivr! p.xp ^nnij niir*5 
 i^^Ti ^^i^h w i|S»n ^;inx-SN ^r^ri^p Nrn^iiJji
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 31 
 
 t mr\-n^ m^r)'] Dn^^f d^^^^^^ nS^ 
 ^gK D^K^32? Ss^ri-p ^iin D^sj'i nSstr n^■^f3 
 
 This day thou (m.) shalt not tell good news. 1 
 will make atonement for them. Thy sin shall be 
 expiated (pu. of ^33). This guilt Q)V) shall not be 
 forgiven you (7). And he stole the heart of the men 
 of Yisrd'el. I will pay my vow which 1 vowed to Yahwe. 
 Gather together (nif.), ye sons of Ya'aq6b ! The woman 
 said, Let my lord the king speak ! Is the hand of Y6'ab 
 with (n«) thee in all this? Fulfil (f.) thy vows! He 
 abode there two years in days, and the king's face he 
 saw not. And thus said he in his cursing. Make thou 
 atonement for us! Unto thee shall be paid the vow! 
 And he slandered thy servant to my lord the king. 
 Tell ye (m.) not glad tidings in the streets (Hi^iri) of 
 ' Ashq^lon ! I Yahwe ain sanctifying (pi. ptcp.) Yisrd'el. 
 And I will take you from the nations, and gather (pi. of 
 y^p) you from all the lands. What can we say (impf.) 
 to my lord, what can we speak, and how (T]f2) can we 
 clear ourselves (p"l^, hith. impf.; see Gr. p. 27, 2)? 
 God hath found the guilt of thy servants. And I 
 guarded myself (*10^, hith.) from my sin (PV)-
 
 32 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 EXERCISE 29. 
 Hif'il and Hof'al. 
 
 D'•7w^'^ he finished, executed ; made peace with (^l^5) 
 
 Y7?^n he threw (hof. pass.) 
 
 T'^DH he delivered up ; 1!^ into power of 
 
 7^3^'n he brought low, humbled 
 
 D'*3^ri he rose early T\''^^T\ he cut off 
 
 ^''tl^r\ he destroyed 15 back 
 
 Parse : 
 
 Translate : 
 
 \)np ini« mh") ^\^^^ Ds^n 
 
 nxv-Sx )yh0, i^xrn^ !ini3»i 
 
 ^JHJif T5 §^;T5pJ!i-DJ:5 D^nSxn ^S nyn^'n 
 
 * See Gr. p. 154, complementary verbs. f Gr. p. 150 (c). 
 X Gr. p. 149 (a). § Gr. p. 158, NB. (2).
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 33 
 
 He threw stones upon them. Did not a woman throw 
 a stone upon him from (/V^) the wall? Thou shalt not 
 destroy him (7{<, with jussive). swear (precative) to 
 me that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me ! Will 
 they deliver me and my men into the hand of my foe? 
 The pride of the wicked he will humble. And they 
 made peace with Yisrd'el. And all my will (]*^D) he 
 will execute. I will not destroy that city. Throw 
 down thy rod before Par 6(h). Thou shalt be cast out 
 of thy grave. In his heart is to cut off (?, with infin. 
 constr.) nations not a few (t £3^^) ! And God said, Be 
 there {''T)\) an expanse (Vp*!) in the midst of the waters, 
 and let it divide (^li, hif. jussive with 1) between waters 
 and (to) waters (7, pretonic). The expanse divides (hif. 
 ptcp.) between the waters which are below (? HHri^) the 
 heavens, and the waters which are above (? /Vf2) the 
 heavens. 
 
 EXERCISE 30. 
 
 Verb with Suffixes. 
 Gr. pp. 78, 79. 
 
 |*5p he gathered, collected 
 
 ^p*! he pierced, thrust through 
 
 7^^ he did to another (good or evil), c. dupl. ace. 
 
 IpT to be old 
 
 t]?^ he drew (a sword) 
 
 1p3 he visited, looked after
 
 34 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Translate : 
 
 ^sy ^iipT n^i '•in!i3 
 
 '-^sj^ 
 
 
 nniD "Ti^W* 
 
 i^^pS n^iLrn Dv-nx *-n:3T 
 n^npsn-^s ^»"t?^ ^^.1?J^"? 2ri:3s*-n9 
 
 *- Gr. p. 151, 1. 6. 
 
 He did us good. Ye did him harm. Judge me, 
 Yah we, according to my righteousness (pIV). 
 Thou (f.) shalt not destroy it. She has done him 
 good (m.) and not evil (m.) Thy (f.) judges take 
 bribes (IDki^) from the wicked against the innocent. 
 They thrust him through. I have consecrated (hif. ^"IP) 
 thee. Gather thou us from the nations. They repay 
 me (impf.) evil (f.) for (Hnj^) good (f.). I will honour 
 (pi. n^3) thee greatly. Thou makest him rule (hif. 
 impf.) over the works of thy hands. And he sought 
 him all the days, and God gave him not (pf.) into his 
 hand. Lo I C^^H) am. about to gather them (pi. ptcp.) 
 from all the lands. Behold thou art old, and thy 
 sons do not walk (pf.) in thy ways; now appoint a 
 king (hif. of "^2^) over (?) us, to judge us like the 
 nations.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 35 
 
 EXERCISE 31. 
 
 The Pe Guttural Verb. 
 Gr. pp. 82, 83 ; see also pp. 4, 24. 
 
 ^pr\ to devise "j^Sn to crave, love 
 
 bir\ to cease "nDn to need, lack 
 
 ^TS? to leave, forsake ^iri to kill 
 
 I^V to stand *^£n to turn, change 
 
 n^V to work, till 
 
 pX to prop ; hif. to believe, c. ?, to trust in, c. 2. 
 
 Parse : 
 Translate : 
 
 • IT : - -: T T • • 1- T -: 
 
 ^'^ bSni^h nsDt) n^sn Jii5inS Dn^a nin rni 
 
 ^' T : • : : • T : - T -it: t t : v v I - t 
 
 D:nvi5"rix +nnnyii i^^p Sid 
 
 i-i^rii niSpn him 
 
 p.i<n n^n;nS^ onn mS ^^I??.". 
 
 * Gr. p. 50, ad init. f Gr. p. 144 (3).
 
 36 HEBREW PEIMER. 
 
 nnib^ ^^m D'^■^^f^ nyn ^Ss; cjn^tj^n C]rl^{•! 
 npnv iS-n^nri5 nin:^ Dn^^ pxsxri 
 
 Thou didst not forsake them (pf.) in the desert. Ye 
 have not forsaken your brethren. Thou wilt not leave 
 my soul to Sh^'61. Thou lovest (imperf ) not sacrifice. 
 And she ceased to speak unto her. I will not forsake 
 my people! He will kill with the hail their vine! And 
 he stood between the dead and (between) the living. 
 His sons will forsake my law. Why (V^'^^) is the house 
 of God forsaken (nif. pf.)? Let me alone (cease from 
 me) for my days are a breath (/^O)- The land shall 
 be forsaken (nif. impf.). Ye shall devise evil in your 
 heart against each other (Gr. p. 50, ad init). All the 
 waters were turned into (7) blood. Who is able to stand 
 before Yahwe ? And he made him stand before Par'6. 
 Ye have not trusted in me, to hallow me (hif. inf. ^J'Tp, 
 c. 7 prefixed) in (?) the eyes of Yisrael. Cease ye 
 (ethic dat.) from man, in whose nostril is a breath,'*^*^^^ 
 for wherein (MD!l) is he worth heeding (nif. ptcp. itJ^H. 
 The nif ptcp. often = Lat. gerundive, e.g., 1|l^^ 
 laudandus) ? 
 
 EXERCISE 32. 
 
 The Pe 'Alef («"S) Verb. 
 
 Gr. p. 84. 
 
 7p{< to eat "I!l^{ to be lost, perish 
 
 '^^^J to say yr\\^ to love; see Gr. p. 108.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 37 
 
 Translate : 
 
 nni 'd? DnS i^i^) D^l'^^? "ii^« n^ 
 
 : '^pNh ^bx l|n-[*y ^32? 
 !i3»a S^xh ih v^) nito ny^n f !J^ 
 
 ** " S5^^rl*l in322 nsj^Kn nnpS 
 
 A- - : • • T • IT . T I : IT 
 
 ^-njni x^n n»y nnni ")sr« nmr\ onxn n^^?h 
 
 T : IT • T • T " T V -; T • IT AT T T V - 
 
 • - V T •• T •■ 
 
 :Y,*ri ^2?-;-S3 n^iS^xh tb^ys ^;npy^ nDnxn ^nn^f 
 njn! ';?3'7 n:v '^^^^ ™;>| ^"l'^^^;. 15"^5? 
 
 * Gr. p. 148, 4. t Gr. p. 141 (c). 
 
 Ye spake unto me,* saying, What is his name? They 
 shall perish (pausal form with 9ere), but (1) thou 
 shalt abide (stand) ! Ye will say, What shall we eat ? 
 Say (f.) now (^5^), Thou art my sister. But (1) from 
 the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the 
 garden, said God, Ye shall not eat from it! The 
 woman gave also (D5) to her husband with her (Dy), 
 and he ate. Dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life 
 
 * Gr. p. 152 (c).
 
 38 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 (D''*ri) ! / And the women said (impf. with 1 conv.) 
 True (pnv), king ! * Saith the fool (bn^) in his heart, 
 There is no ("P*^) God. Trees ye have planted (^tp^), 
 but ye shall not eat of (p) their fruit! And I loved 
 (!inx, iinpf. c. 1 conv.) Yisra'el more than (p) all 
 peoples of the earth. In the day of your eating (see 
 Gr. p. 84, 5<"S, ad inii.) from it, I will punish you! The 
 way of the wicked is lost (freq. impf. 3 sing. Gr. 
 p. 141, B (c), f. gere in last syll.) ! 
 
 * Gr. p. 140, ad init. 
 
 EXERCISE 33. 
 
 Verbs 'Ayin Guttural. 
 Gr. p. 85. 
 
 7X5 to redeem, ransom "^ /O,^ possession, heritage 
 
 '^']5 to bless (pu. pass.) T\T\'0 to destroy 
 
 [y^^ to lean, /S? upon . . , to rest 
 
 Parse : 
 
 T : A" T : • -: IT • • t : • t ": : • 
 
 Translate : 
 
 IT : 
 
 * O draw near! Gr, p. 70, 8.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 39 
 
 pin dSx^ ^3 
 
 I T T T -: I 
 
 May God bless us (impf. c. suff.) ! House of Yisrd'el, 
 bless ye Yahwe ! Ask thou of me, and I will give thee 
 the nations for thy heritage ! From death will I redeem 
 them. And I, I know my Avenger (p^^) liveth ! He 
 hath blest thy (f.) sons in thy midst (qirb) ! Above 
 women in the tent shall she be blest (pu. impf.) ! I 
 will bless those who bless thee (ptcp. with suff.)! 
 Have ye not asked whence yonder (Gr. p. 43, b) man 
 has come ? Rest yourselves under (nnn) the trees. 
 When they leaned upon thee (in their leaning, inf. c. 
 suff.) thou begannest to break in pieces ("1^^, impf. 
 nif ). All the nations of the earth shall bless themselves 
 (hithpa.) in thee! Upon (/N) thine own understanding 
 thou shalt not lean. A woman asked of her neighbour
 
 40 HEBREW PEIMER. 
 
 (nriJ^t?^^) ornaments ( v5) of silver and ornaments of 
 gold. Ask (sing, f.) for him the kingdom, for he is 
 my elder brother (Gr. p. 137 (1) (2). 
 
 EXERCISE 34. 
 
 Verbs Lamedh Guttural. 
 
 Gr. pp. 86-88, 4, 24. 
 
 n7^ to send VpS to cleave 
 
 )^^p to hear HHB to open 
 
 '^1)^ still am I . . . yn^ to be satisfied 
 
 ^^^n lo, I ! = here am I H^^ to anoint 
 
 np3 to open H^^ to forget 
 
 Translate : 
 
 •^I^^^. 'TihiA rin^a^ 
 n^x: ^niw^ nW dvi n^^vf^ pjn nrr\ *3-iiy 
 
 • : • - T AT : V • V T -: | v ' - : vit 
 
 D^i^^'n n!3>Nt3 n^n Din;^ myip ^yp:?i n-jn Di*^ 
 
 J inns:!
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 41 
 
 V : - : T : •.• I ■• t t t -: it | • v : - - . -- 
 
 * Gr. p. 147, 1 (a). 
 
 Then (TJ<) shall the eyes of the blind be opened (HpS, 
 nif. impf.). Thou (f.) didst eat, and wast not satisfied. 
 They shall eat, and be satisfied (pf. c. "j, and 9ere in 
 pause). Thou shalt eat, and not be satisfied. Thou 
 hast forgotten (f.) the covenant of thy God. Send ye 
 one of your number (from you one). Pray send one 
 of thy brethren. God will send me before you. He 
 is not going to dismiss thee (J^X, with suff. and pi. 
 ptcp.). And I said unto thee, Let my son go (pi. imp.) 
 that he may serve me (1, c. impf. and suff.); and thou 
 refusedst (JX^, pi. impf. c. waw conv.) to let him go 
 (7, c. inf. pi. and suff. 1). Lo, I am about to send (hif. 
 ptcp.) a famine in the land. And the earth opened 
 (qal impf. c. ')} her mouth, and swallowed them and 
 their families (C'riJ?). If I forget thee (impf. c. f. suff.), 
 Y^riishaldyim, let my right hand forget (impf. 3 l).^^^'^\^'\ 
 
 EXERCISE 35. 
 
 Verb Pe Nun (fS). 
 Gr. p. 89; see also p. 27. 
 
 [HJ to put, give '^V^ to keep, guard 
 
 ^^J to approach ^S^ to fall
 
 2 
 
 HEBREW 
 
 TTLUTER. 
 
 
 
 n:ii (in hif.) 
 
 to declare 
 
 pm to kiss 
 
 
 Sifi (in hif.) 
 
 to escape 
 
 
 
 
 Translate ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 m^m r\:mr\) 
 
 
 ^:!1 
 
 i<:-r\m 
 
 *3in!i3 vnssj^ni vsn ntn Dyn tJ'^ij 
 
 : ■ T T : • ■ : v - t t 
 
 n^QX? *^3i nS^n t^h'^}\ 0*^5^ nan 
 
 D^iiin ^nSw^? Dni« ^S^vr^D '^^^'n?? oyn Hi*?*! 
 
 YJ?*? Y91^ ^^^1 "l!^'^^^ 1^09 ^l'?5 YO^^ "^^^^^ 
 
 I 1" T - - -: IT • : Av •• : - ": i- : • - - : t | - ^ 
 
 nhyp 'iHiSi D5?S )nm nnS-na *nnjpKi 
 
 * Gr. p. 143 (2). 
 
 We cannot escape (nif. inf. constr. c. 7) of ^^^) from 
 the face of the king of ' Asshiir. He cannot deliver you2.CvU«w 
 from my hand. Thou shalt not give up (I^D, hif.) a^^.'j^i, 
 slave to his lord, that escapeth (nif. impf. ^^J) unto
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 43 
 
 thee from (05?^) his lord. He will deliver you from the 
 
 hand of your foes. I will give as (Jcaasher) ye may 
 1^ bid me (say to me, impf.); so (and) give ye me (1) the 
 
 damsel ("^V^) for wife. Iron is taken (hof. impf.) out of 
 n .\, earth. Their daughters we will take to us for wives. 
 
 And next (y^^) Y6sef drew near (pf. nif ). And it 
 j)^ was told (impf pu.) to Ldban on the third day that 
 
 Ya'aq6b had fled (pf. qal ni!!). Tell us, pray (Ni"), 
 
 how (Y^) ^1^0^ wrotest all these words from his mouth. 
 
 He sent me to tell thee all these things. From dread of 
 
 the foe thou wilt keep my life. 
 
 EXERCISE 36. 
 
 Verbs Pe Waw and Pe Yodh (V'S, ^"3). 
 
 Gr. pp. 90-92; 
 also pp. 6 note 1, 7 ad init.^ 25, 26, Weak Letters. 
 
 1^\ to sit, dwell p^) to suck 
 
 ^y to seize, occupy ; hif. dispossess, expel 
 \)\ to bear, beget *1VJ to fashion (as a potter) 
 
 \>T} to walk, go ^y to be dry 
 
 yij to know T)) to go down 
 
 VS^** (in hif.) to save, rescue 
 
 Translate :
 
 44 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 nn nyhv 
 
 D^v \n^ ^;)^ D^b ^S-np] tN5cri-V^ ^r^S 
 
 v?in| n^SS '^^n^x ni^a ib^ri 
 
 *;^f ^5 riyi!l 'p,:?'i^ d^:dS^ nb'i D^i-i iSd ripri 
 
 D*ri ^y^v ni*;i« *^;i{< n'pN: d^hni nn*^ nvni^< 
 
 T : - IT J V ■• - • A" T 
 
 '?|55'?3 "^^n^ ^n^'O 
 
 T T -: IT I • T T T T T V V • - 
 
 : m'' r\iWT]'h2 n^yi rnxn Sn^<n ^n2:-ny 
 
 IT • .• T - T V •• : I V T T - v: IV - t 
 
 * Gr. p. 147, 1 («). t Gr. p. 144 (3). 
 
 X Gr. p. 141 (c). 
 
 And they (f.) bare sons and daughters. And he 
 begat (hif.) a son. I was not known (nif. pf.) to them. 
 Lo, thy wife ; take her and go () pretonic) ! This ma7i 
 was born (pf. pu.) there. Save me, God! Teach me 
 thy statutes! House of Ya'aq6b, come ye (^3?) that we 3^^^ 
 may walk (impf. in H— , with 1.) in the light of Yahw^! 
 Wilt thou go with me to the battle ? Prolong thy 
 kindness to those who regard (yT*) thee, and thy 
 guerdon (I^pIV) to the upright of heart ! And from all
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 45 
 
 his troubles (HII^) he saved him. Y6sef was taken 
 down {ly, hof. pf.) into Egypt (Hpn^V^). This is the 
 land which thy God is about to give (ptcp.) to thee, to 
 occupy it (i^Pl^^^). And he gave them the land which 
 he had sworn to give them, and they occupied it, and 
 dwelt in it. They were unable to expel all the 
 nations. 
 
 EXERCISE 37. 
 
 Verbs 'Ayin Waw and 'Ayin Yodh (V'V, ^"V)- 
 
 Gr. pp. 93-97. 
 
 *1^D to depart H^^ to set, put 
 
 y\^ to go back, return D^i to flee 
 
 T\)f2 to die D'lp to arise 
 
 UT\ to be exalted, lifted up 
 
 n't to set, put tO^Z: (nif.) to totter 
 
 y)D (nif.) to retire, fall back 
 
 Parse : 
 
 — Di^^ — m' — r\r\^T\ — nfip — n^p 
 
 — npv — 'mm — ^zpzpn? — m^ — ny) 
 
 Translate : 
 
 xpn sy^xn nav rt!!D ^^yTirri njri! mp
 
 46 HEBREW PRIMER. / 
 
 T • • ) : T -: : ■ ..- • 
 
 *J3X: *nDiJx Dn^cD 1to^^•n vnnsnx: \m n^s ion 
 
 .. : • T T ^- • • • V - T : : - I - •• - t- 
 
 Dnxn-n^ 5'^ Db^*i Dnj^p psj^ I^ Q^n^^f nin^ y^*v 
 
 . T .. I .. ... ^ • -: 1- - I- V V - T . : 
 
 hh i^yo r^pb^ ^3 '^oon^f nns ^nSx n;ri! 
 ^ijj niong 'O-Syi tri3'^;ii risin ^o-n« 
 
 IT • T IT : : :att 
 
 * Gr. p. 143, 2. t Gr. p. 150 (c). 
 
 I Gr. p. 149, note 2. 
 
 He hath said in his heart, I shall not totter (nif. 
 impf.). He was not able to kill me (hif. inf. c. /)• 
 My money is restored (hof. 112J^). And thou (f.), arise, 
 go to thy house! Backward ("^inj^) I have not fallen 
 (nif. ^^D). Thou makest him rule over (5) the works of 
 thy hands ; all thou hast put (P\^) under his feet. 
 Lofty eyes thou wilt humble (hif. SstJ'). Know ye that 
 I ain God ; I will be exalted among the nations, I will 
 be exalted in the earth (qal impf.)! Above (jO) my 
 assailants (ptcp. of D'lp) thou wilt raise me (pil. D"l"l).
 
 ELEMENTAEY EXERCISES. 47 
 
 Ye shall not make me a judge (hif. D**^). Depart from 
 me, all doers (PV^, ptcp.) of wickedness Q)ji^). Thou 
 art my God, I will extol thee (paus. '^— ). And thy 
 heart will be lifted up (pf. qal c. *!), and thou wilt 
 forget thy God, who brought thee forth ({<''V^) from the 
 house of slaves, who guided thee C]^^, hif. ptcp. with 
 art. and suff.) in the great desert. And Yah we made -^^^^^^j^ 
 the sea depart (hif. impf. y^) by a strong east wind all 
 the night; and he made (D''b^, hif. impf.) the sea into (?) 
 dry land ; and the waters divided (^p^, nif. impf.). 
 This (f.) is the sign of the covenant which I have 4^*ii4i4 
 ratified (Dip, hif. pf.) between me and (between) all 
 flesh which is upon the earth. Let him go and return 
 (qal juss.) to his house, lest he be killed (die) in the 
 war. 
 
 EXERCISE 38. 
 
 Verbs Double 'Atin (VV)- 
 Gr. pp. 98-101. 
 
 i5p to go round 77^' to spoil 
 
 D^^ to be wasted HS to plunder 
 
 D^n to finish, intr. to end ^7^ snow 
 
 "^^J to be pure 77^ to roll 
 
 Parse : 
 
 Dtoin^yx — mi'; — n»^;i — ^m — bi^\ — ^m
 
 48 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Translate : 
 
 t nrh S^^K m] w:^ '2 '^i^^p-n^ '^w 
 Tijn ])^ri] pxn pisri pi3n 
 
 T : • • : - T : t t : • ■.•:-": |- t : 
 
 cni nrhij rhf? ^'wb^ '10^^ '^IIJ ^^^T ^P^*5 
 
 ^jnrnx in^^n^j ^sb vSy D':?^^n d^v'^'? '^'?^l1 ipxh. 
 D^jyii^n^-nx nnn^n^ nnbn n*ri"nx Dp;! ^'hrhm] 
 ]prnyi ^yiib n:5n-by isdj i^yri ^s?^^i<*! §b3^^. did 
 
 |V)t • T T T 
 
 * Hif. juss. f According to thy slaying, rilO, hif. inf. 
 
 J Gr. p. 147. § Inceptive impf. 
 
 All the people had finished crossing the Yarden 
 (?, c. inf. 11!?). And that year ended (qal impf. c. 0). 
 And ye shall go round (pf. qal c. I) the city, all the 
 men of war, girdling (inf. hif. f]pi) the city once. Thou 
 hast profaned the name of thy God (pi. 77)1). And all 
 the cattle and spoil of the cities we carried off (Til) for 
 ourselves (for us). They have laid waste (hif. pf.) all 
 the cities of thy country. They stood still (ptcp. and 
 pron.) until all these words were ended (Dh"iy). 
 Sinners shall be destroyed (nif. WI2T\) from the earth.
 
 ELEMENTARY EXEECISES. 49 
 
 Cast ( /7Jl) upon Yah we thy path. And I will make 
 her princes (^\T^) purer than snow (hif. pf. c. 1). For 
 (7V) their sins I will waste them (hif. impf. c. suff.). 
 And God made the people go round (hif. shortened 
 impf. c. ']) by way of the desert. And Ya'aqob drew 
 near, and rolled (hif. impf. c. •*!) the stone from upon 
 the mouth of the well. 
 
 EXERCISE 39. 
 
 Veebs Lamedh 'Alef (^5"/). 
 Gr. pp. 102-104. 
 
 Xy9 to find ; to happen to 
 
 ^^'^P to call ^^ib' to hate 
 
 Nn; to fear nS^ to be full 
 
 Parse : 
 Translate : 
 
 T : - |- : - T T - T : ,T ; A • ." T - ... - - :- 
 
 nixn^n n»S m\ '^^I'm D|7ii ^ri;)Sn r\i6f;i ':^
 
 50 . HEBKEW PRIMER. 
 
 *i5 •T[:in5 ^nry ^3 niK^^ ^l^S^? njn^S ^nx3p N^ip 
 
 * Gr. p. 149, The Imperative. 
 
 The waters of Dim6n are filled with blood (pf. qal). 
 We will fill (pi. impf.) our houses with spoil. I will 
 hate (qal) thy haters (pi. ptcp.). What hast thou found 
 of all the vessels of thy house? Set (D^b') it here (H^) 
 before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may 
 arbitrate (HD'', hif. impf c. 1) between us two. They 
 sought me (pi. ^p^), and I was not found (nif pf.). 
 Fill ye the waters in the seas ! And God said to him, 
 Thy name shall no longer be called Ya'aq6b; and he 
 called his name Yisrd'el. And you, ye hated me, and 
 sent me away from (with) you. Hast thou found me, 
 my foe ? And he said, I have found thee ! Wherefore 
 hath all this befallen us? He will not find thee, and 
 will kill me (pf.). Thou hast thrown ofi* (m:) thy 
 people the house of Ya'aq6b because (^D) they are full^^^^^ 
 (qal pf ) of (p) the East ; and his land has filled (nif. 
 impf c. waw conv.) with silver and gold, and there is no 
 (y^) end (nvp) to his treasures Of^^, pi. Hi).
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 
 
 51 
 
 EXERCISE 40. 
 
 Verbs Lamedh He (nh = "h = V'^). 
 
 Gr. pp. 104-107. 
 
 m to build 
 nyri to wander 
 n^in it was hot, 7 to 
 HDS to weep 
 nb'y to make, do 
 ni3 to turn round 
 
 nD5 to cover 
 n?^ to be exiled 
 = he was enrasred 
 
 o 
 
 ni^ (pi.pu.) to order, bid 
 HT! to live 
 
 Parse : 
 Translate : 
 
 m^ )2'rh ^'i!i mp\ ]^^■^5 lib 
 i^n^xS IDS r\mh D*n ^m 
 
 T •• : |v : • T - T IT- 
 
 j'?in*lto r\)i6^: *riD^5N*i 'tt^^ 
 ^*V« 6^:1 DSJ^ ^3 S^^-n^!l DipteS Nipn nsT)!: dsj^* m 
 
 * Gr. p. 144 (3). 
 
 t Gr. p. 149 (a)
 
 52 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 • T IV T •.. :i- I V T T - : : : it • - - : 
 
 PHP Sn:5 
 J pT^5!jt iiii5I? ^i':??-D5 1^5^; D^ S^s nnnr^y 
 
 * Intensity gained by repetition, cf. Gr. p. 151, a, b, c. 
 \ Gr. p. 154, ad Jin. 
 
 I did according to all that he commanded me. Thou 
 shalt turn in the morning and go (pf. c. 1.) to thy tents. 
 Thou hast forgiven (Xb^i) the guilt of thy people, and 
 thou hast covered (pi. pf.) all their sin. Thy sons and^i^^z- 
 thy daughters by the sword shall fall (paus. c. holem), 
 and thy land with the line shall be portioned out, 
 and thou in a heathen (^5^p) land shalt die, and 
 Yisrd'el shall surely be exiled from (^V??) his own 
 land! Earth, cover not thou ('/Nt, c. impf. pi.) my 
 blood! The daughter of Yiftali went, she and her 
 companions, and she wept for (pV) her maiden-hood 
 upon the mountains. The king of 'Asshiir took 
 Sh6m®r6n, and transported (hif. jussive Tw^) Yisrd'el 
 to 'Asshur (accus. ending), and settled (impf. hif. 
 l^**) them in his cities. There is a time for birth 
 (inf. "f7^), and a time for dying ; a time for weeping 
 (inf. constr.), and a time for laughing (p^b^). Order 
 thine household (?), for thou art about to die (ptcp.),
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 53 
 
 and shalt not live ! This do, and live (sing, verbs, )) ! 
 Thy guides (pi. ptcp. ^Si^^<) are misleaders (hif. ptcp. 
 
 nvri). 
 
 EXERCISE 41. 
 
 Verbs Doubly Weak. 
 Gr. pp. 108-110. 
 Translate : 
 
 lis^n-riNi n'Tihi< ^j) ^)i<-m ^)i<-'r\\ D\nS« i;bxh. 
 nmh iS-Nnj;)! nri(p-:i n^t *nhr]kn pnr ni^^n^ 
 
 i2'^i^^ 'i^?!?^ ^'p? '^? T^'y n^!ip-^{<^ 
 nnin-iy DS^^i ds^i vnny) ^^in +nS;^ Dri^Sy pSnj 
 
 * Into the tent of Sard. The article may be prefixed to the constr. 
 when the genitive is a proper name. 
 
 t By night. Gr. p. 132 (5). 
 
 J Wlio art thou that thou fearedst .... 
 
 § Gr. p. 131 («). II Inf. constr. 1^.
 
 54 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 nij;-^? mhi6 hm hv ^^nrii ^srsi ^nnin^ri-n^ 
 
 Pray do n,ot evil (^^1, hif. impf.), my brothers! 
 Remember to fear thy God all the days of thy life. 
 When (*3) thou tillest (impf.) the ground, it shall no 
 more yield (add to give) its strength to thee; a wan- 
 derer (yii, ptcp.) shalt thou become on the earth! And 
 Midy^n was brought low (^iO, nif. impf.) before the sons ^ 
 of Yisrd'el, and they did not raise their head againo^i 
 (f]D^). Hdgdr said, Let me not look on (5) the death of 
 the boy ; and she lifted up her voice and wept. I will 
 not smite every living thing any more (I will not add 
 again to smite). Only beware greatly (^f2^, qal) to do 
 the command and the law which M6she commanded 
 you, to love Yahwe your God, and to walk in all his 
 ways, and to keep his commands, and to serve him with 
 all your heart and with all your soul. And Sdrd said, 
 Banish (^^^, pi. imper.) this handmaid (HpX) and her 
 son; for her son shall not inherit with (Dy) my son: 
 and the word was very grievous (VV^) in the eyes of 
 'Abrdhdm. And M6she went up from the wilds (H^'ny) 
 of M6'db unto the mountain of N^b6 ; and Yahwe made 
 him see all the land, and said unto him. This is the 
 land that I sware to 'Abrdhdm, saying, To thy seed I 
 will give* it; I have made thee see it with thine eyes, 
 
 * Pausal suflf. 
 
 • "■■■ / . ■ •■-
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 55 
 
 but (1) thither thou shalt not pass over. And 1 am 2k 
 young lad ; I know not how to go out and come in. 
 
 EXERCISE 42. 
 
 Pausal Forms. 
 Gr. p. 37. 
 Translate : 
 
 Jitobcj'* «b Din* h^^' ny:3:ii irT7:Di 
 
 a:* t at:- t:-:-t: 
 
 • IT T -: • • 1 -: J- - • T 
 
 :*msn «S Dn^inyi D^b:n:Di ons D^i 
 ^h 'im D^y nDS;!i oSiy na^n D^^'^y ^rin^i 
 
 A-T- t:-t t -t I'-t: :• 
 
 ITVIIV 
 
 5iy|n ih\ w^ 5|S5^^h ^ \h'^y!^ *^?^^f fvn n^Jb 
 ♦P!?Gv T??^ ^^? D^wNi ^;35^ m% ^^m "ij^-j-nib
 
 56 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 The high ones shall be brought low {J. The judg- 
 ment of his God he has not forsaken (J. The covenant 
 of her God she has forgotten (tnnj^). Their sons 
 have they sent away (pi. Dm). My covenant ye must 
 not forget (5</, c. impf.). He said unto her, Go (p.); 
 and she went (p.). And N6ah commenced (hif. impf. 
 of 7 /PI, c. ')) husbandman (man of the ground), and he 
 planted a vineyard (*~). All things that crawl on (p^l, 
 impf. sing, f.) the ground, and all fishes of the sea, into^^S" 
 your hand are they given (nif. pf. paus.). He was fifty 
 years old (a son of fifty year) when {•)) he died (Gr. 
 p. 93, note 3). Go out from the Ark, thou, and thy 
 wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with thee (p.). 
 And he said unto him. What is thy name ? and he said, 
 Ya'aq6b. And he said. No longer shall thy name be 
 called Ya'aqob but Yisrd'el. I will thank thee in a^ 
 great gathering ( /Hp) ; amid a numerous (01^?) people ' 
 I will praise thee ! Pity me, God, pity me (pH), for 
 in thee hath trusted (n^DH) my soul ! 
 
 EXERCISE 43. 
 
 The Numerals. 
 Gr. pp. 66-68. 
 Translate : 
 
 nsr;!:nn-nx 'd^'d^^ ny!i"i?< r\t2rhb nm ^iDiy 
 
 ^ T • -; r V • T : t t ; - t t : • t • : it 
 
 (ftV ; - : T T - T : -: - • t V "
 
 ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 57 
 
 nyrh"h "i?r^^ d^S Si^^. d^^; n:b^-t| 
 r\)m ysi^i rr5i5^ nia^i y^n Sn5 cj^n^ ""^l^ '^^^^ 
 
 T : T 
 
 ... -: r - •• - T • : '^i • t -: t t •• : 
 
 D^sj^ns d^sSk ncj'syi n:)n ftS^^ d^ej^S^ on^nS ^SDXi 
 
 T IT • T -: V ■• : V V |v V • : •• t • : : v r. 
 
 yj? m-r\^p-hv n^« Sins d^i 
 cy;!:ni d^sSx n^Ssj^^i tiSj^ niK;!:-25^K' Dnipsn-Ss vn*i 
 
 He dwelt on the mountain, and his two daughters -^4^ ; 
 (= two of his d.) with him. The fourth generation 
 shall return (pi.) hither (^311). From the four (f.) winds a^^i^., 
 come, breath (art.), and breathe (HSJ, imper.) into (5) 
 these slain ones! TJwe were five (f.) cities in the land ^ 
 of MiQrayim speaking the language (lip) of K^naan 
 "Eyl6n judged Yisrd'el ten (f.) years. Behold, the sunc>'=^ 
 and the moon and eleven stars were bowing down§«^ !C 
 (ptcp. njnri^ri) to me! When thou goest (in thy 
 going) to-day from me (H^syp), thou wilt find (pf. c. I) \hj^ 
 two (constr.) men near (Dy) Rdhel's grave. And thej/ 
 two made a covenant before Yahwe. I will not destroy 
 the city (HH^J^, hif.) if I find there forty and five. And 
 the waters were gradually failing (going and failing, 
 inf. abs.*) until (^5?) the tenth month ; in the tenth, on 
 
 ^- Gr. p. 151 (5) ad med.
 
 68 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 the first of (?) the month appeared the heads of the 
 mountains. And in the second month, on the seven 
 and twentieth (20) day of the month, the earth had 
 dried (^5^)- And Shaul went down, and with him 
 3000 men {^'^). The youth shall die 100 years old 
 (a son of 100 years). Those who were mustered were a 
 hundred thousand, and one and fifty thousand, and eight 
 hundred and seventy (= 151,870).
 
 PAET 11. 
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT, 
 
 WITH 
 
 SHORT NOTES, AND REFERENCES 
 
 TO THE 
 
 MERCHANT TAYLORS' HEBREW GRAMMAR.
 
 PART 11. 
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 
 
 § 1- 
 
 The Creation of Heavens^ Earthy and Light. 
 
 I VlT T •• : -v- T - •• /.• v: TT V .. ; 
 
 /iinni '^r\T\ ^^nn^n nxm 
 
 T T : IT I V T T : 
 
 «:D^gn ^jrSy ^nsnn?: d\H^« m) 
 Di^ ''ni^S DNi^K K'ipn.
 
 62 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 '^ " At first." * See Gr. p. 130, No. 1. 
 
 " Gr. p. 44, note ad init. 
 
 '^ 3 f . sing. pf. qal of H^n, verb H"?, Gr. p. 106 ; see 
 also p. 139, N.B. and footnote. 
 
 " Notice absence of dagesh; Gr. p. 22, Dagesh, 1. 
 
 / Pretonic qameg; Gr. p. 17 (1). 
 
 ^ Ptcp. f. piel of ^ni; see Gr, p. 149, Participle, 1 {a). 
 
 ^ Pausal qame9; Gr. p. 17 (1), 37 (a). 
 
 ^ Jussive of T]'^^^ (resolution of ^H"*; so ^5 became **1^). 
 
 ^ ^"t) verb; Gr. p. 147, note 3, ad init. The yod not 
 doubled in way^hi; Gr. p. 23, note 1. 
 
 "' Impf. with waw conv. of HX"!; Gr. p. 24, 2. 
 
 " 1 and = 1 {labial vowel) before a labial ; wayyahdel 
 = hif. impf. with waw conv. fr. 7ll. 
 
 " Gr. pp. 43, C, 44, note, the Article; = niNH^ con- 
 tracted; so ^T\l for lliahosheh ; see also p. 125, ^8. 
 
 ^ Metlieg marking open syllable wa ; Gr. p. 37 (6), 
 ad init. 
 
 ^ Accent retracted because of penacute word which 
 follows. 
 
 § 2. 
 
 The Expanse of Heaven between the Upper and the 
 Nether Waters. 

 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 63 
 
 5?"'pnS ^ h)2J2 im D^an '" r:i*i 
 
 - )/>• TT - • S.V -: - - I •• 
 
 't:'^^ m'^h mhi^ i^^npn 
 
 •ATT - )v- TT • v: TJ: .- 
 
 " See § 1, L 
 
 * Constr. of *^|ri, weak segholate; Gr. p. 60 (ii). 
 " See § 1, h. 
 
 ('' '•n'"') = ^rr* + \ and let it he; distinguish this from 
 "Tl)") and it was; Gr. p. 144, note 2. 
 
 ' Hif ptep. / See § 1, /. 
 
 ^ Impf. with waw con v. of rib's?, T\"7 and fi guttural 
 verb; see Gr. pp. 24, 2, 106. 
 ^ See § 1, n. 
 
 * Mittahath = mm + tahath = ah infero^ on the under 
 side, below; so meal^ in next clause, = a supero, on the 
 upper side, above. 
 
 ^ From Vp^iri/; see § 1, o. 
 
 " See § 1, n. '^ See § 1, ^. 
 
 § 3. 
 Dry Land and Water ; Trees and Grasses
 
 64 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 t\:i''T\') n^^i'n 'n^^"ln^ 
 
 1 1" • : I- AT T - - vv T 1" : 
 
 "'w^ n|) '''nb'y ns ^-fy H ^ynp ^^S? 
 
 '^ Nif. impf. 3 pi. fr. n)p, verb r\'h, Gr. p. 106, a 
 command; jussive use of impf., Gr. p. 142 (b). 
 
 ^ See § 2, ;?;. 
 
 "" Nif. impf. (jussive) 3 sing. f. fr. nX"!; "and let be 
 seen ;" gere compensative, see Gr. p. 24, 1, and fi guttural 
 verb. 
 
 '^ See § 1, 0. 
 
 ^1=1 before sh'wa. Miqwe, constr. of miqwe; see 
 Gr. p. 64, Rem. 1. 
 
 f Weak segholates, A, Gr. p. 60 (i.). 
 
 ^ See § 1, m. 
 
 ^ Hif. jussive 3 sing. f. fr. N^, verb 5<"S; Gr. p. 102. 
 
 '^ Hif. ptcp. fr. yiT. I Constr.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 65 
 
 " Ptcp. of n^V- " Look out \'f2. 
 
 " 'dsher bo = in which, Gr. p. 128, 6; supply is. 
 
 ^ Hif. impf. with waw conv. 3 sing. f. of X^^; see 
 Gr. p. 109. 
 
 ^ Equals ):'^)>. 
 
 §4. 
 
 The Great Lamps for the rule of Day and Nighty 
 and the Stars. 
 
 DW'n ^y^pin 'Tiriw^ *\n^^ D^nW naxh 
 
 I" T : v.- T : • -: I : : t : 
 
 ^D^Sw niiK^n ''•';?^-nvSt D^rIS^f "byn 
 ♦ n^H'^y '"T^?^IV t3W'n y^pi^ tD^oS* cniws*qrin 
 
 6
 
 66 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 • § 1, ?. » § 1, i. 
 
 " PI. of ^1x9 '■) tbe shortening of qameg in this and the 
 next word is due to the loss of accentual support. 
 ^ Inf. constr. hif. ^ § 1, ^• 
 
 / Gr. p. 148 {b). 3 nm 
 
 T T 
 
 ^ Equals 'J<2p + ^; see § 2, ^. So Urqia = b' -\- 
 r^qia. See also Part I., Ex. 4, note. 
 " Hif. inf. constr. of 11^^. 
 '^ § 2, ^. ' 'Q\W. 
 
 P Constr. of riS^?^; Gr. p. 63, ad Jin. 
 ^ Pe min verb, Gr. p. 88, ad fin. 
 ' § 1, m. 
 
 §5- 
 
 Fishes^ Birds, Reptiles, formed and blessed. 
 
 r\r\^^^) «p|f D^jsn rirp\ u'rh^ lib^h 
 
 "•nbxS D^^^S^? ^Dnix ^'^iw 
 D^^*!i D^sn-nx ^xS^:^ Mini mis
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 67 
 
 " Accus. mater., Gr. p. 133 (b). 
 
 * Collectives. 
 
 " PU'el of f)iy (= pi'el, i.e., intensive stem), Gr. 
 p. 97, 5. 
 
 ^ hoi nefesh haJiayyd = all the animal life. Hahayyd 
 is a genitive ; cf. yad yemini, hand of my right, yom 
 haslishishshi, day of the sixth. 
 
 ^ Ptcp. qal f. / See a. 
 
 ^ See § 3, 72, q. ^ Gr. p. 129 (ii.). 
 
 * Verb 'ayin guttural, pi'el imp£, Gr. p. 85; see also 
 p. 147, note 3, ad init. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 47, 1, sign of accus. 
 
 '" Gr. p. 26, h; inf constr. of 1»i<, with pref. S; 
 = dicendo. 
 
 " Imperatives qal of verbs lamedh he; Gr. p. 106. 
 " Jussive of nnn; Gr. p. 105, Rem. 6. 
 
 §6. 
 
 Cattle and Reptiles ; Mankind and their Blessing. 
 
 nli^nS n*n /^s:; pxn "^^^in n^rh^ "i^j^h 
 
 T • : T - V V I ••' T T " • v;
 
 68 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^- ^iniD*i3 '' ):iph^fnii^ ^ ni^v} o'-hSx ^m^) 
 
 II T T S.t1-- : T T 
 
 "§3,p. Ml,/. 
 
 "^ Archaic form = n*ri; Gr. p. 52, middle, 
 
 ^ Adj. f. used as abstr. subst. in collective sense, 
 " living creatures." 
 
 / Collectives. ^ Qal impf. 1 pi. nsry. 
 
 '' Gr. p. 59, Segh. A. 
 
 * § 4, ^; see Part I., Ex. 4. Look out d^muth. 
 
 I Constr. of T\^X 
 
 *" Ptcp. with article = 6 epTrcou, rj epirovcra. 
 
 « Gr. p. 125, /3. " § 5, h
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 69 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 47, ad fin ; qame9 pretonic. 
 
 * § 5, n 
 
 ' Imper. of tJ'^S, with f 3 pers. suffix. 
 
 §7. 
 
 Seeding Grasses a7id Fruit Trees given for Food to 
 
 Animals and Man. 
 
 The Seventh Day made holy. 
 
 yil T)} fr'1? '\^"^^^. XW^^ ^^^. 
 pNn-Sy ran ^:h^ wizm ^T^f)^ pxri n*n-^^S^ 
 
 ^:DN;irS3i pxni Dwn ^^^^^d^
 
 70 HEBKEW PRIMER. 
 
 in^{ ty^p^l ^ ''i2''2m uv-m mhi< " ^^y^). 
 
 " Gr. p. 88, note. 
 
 * Qal ptcp. lamedh guttural, Gr. p. 88, 1. 
 '' 'dsher hd = wherein; Gr. p. 128, 6, ad ink. 
 ^ Yihye V . . , it shall become . . 
 ^ Greenness of grass = green grass; Gr. p. 128 (ii.), 
 ad fin. 
 f Equals plupf., " he had made." 
 ^ Notice the article. 
 ^ Pu al impf. 3 pi. of n':':D. 
 
 ^ Pi'el jussive, 3 sing, of n?^ ; Gr. p. 105, Rem. 6. 
 
 " Inf. constr. of HSJ'y, with 7 ; hard laasoth, fashioned 
 so as to make. 
 
 §8. 
 
 'lyob^ his Wealth and Piety. 
 
 ^ IT .. jT : V v: >•• • JT T ; jT - r T -it T . 
 
 '^\m'2 LrSsri ^D^::i nnti' iS /rh^'^
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 71 
 
 A : JT - VT •.. -: 1- 
 
 : D'lir^i?""^?;^ Snj mri tJ^^^n ^n^j 
 
 A J" »•■■ V : • J T : T T •« : IT : 
 
 DnnSs D^n^K ^ ):ii:i) ^h ^ixDn '^SJ|^^ ni»5< iibx ^5 
 
 AT T : • V v: > : I" - t j : it - • j- t .< 
 
 <••• -:i- T^T 
 
 *" " There was," emphatic = existed, once lived. 
 
 * Supply was^ as usual in Hebrew, Gr. p. 124, 1, note. 
 Look out D^. 
 
 " Wehayd, impf. of habit, Gr. p. 148, c, 5. 
 '^ Constr. of NT; see Part I., Ex. 4. 
 
 ' "i^D, ptcp. / nS\ 
 
 ' 15, Gr. p. 65. ^ n5, Gr. p. 65. 
 
 * njipX); Gr. p. 64, Rem. 1. 
 ^ Segholates A, Gr. p. 59. 
 
 "* 79^1 ; lamedh doubled in pi. to preserve original a. 
 '' Collective. " Gr. p. 137, 1. 
 
 ^ Accus. loc, Gr. p. 133 (a). 
 
 ^ " In the house of each, (on) his day ;" accus. temp., 
 Gr. p. 132 (b).
 
 72 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 '" Verb ri"7, inf. constr. 
 ' Verb ]% hif. ' D1\ 
 
 " Apodotic waw ; " theii 'Iy6b sent," etc. 
 "^ Equals impf. of habit; "he would rise early," etc., 
 Gr. p. 148 (c). Heela, hif. of nSy. 
 
 "^ Accus. ; " according to the number of them all." 
 ^ Pf. with weak waw; "and have cursed," pi. pf. 
 
 §9- 
 
 The Adversary before Yahwe. 
 
 AT : - v- : • : • v: it a- : t- - i- :i- 
 
 AT 1 • i- •• I >.T T - V -y : V 1 - 
 
 < IT •• jT : o v: J" : jt t : st i- 
 
 !• V; V • ^'T t • i-
 
 READINGS PEOM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 73 
 
 ^:';I315^^ Y^5?>"^^ ^^S-^D^{ 
 '•TIT' ^':?^n-S^^ v'^^ pn 
 
 Ia-.-t V- : • - T •• J J- 
 
 tnin^ ^:j3 ^d^d wn *kx*i 
 
 IT : V : >.• •• J T T - ••••- 
 
 " " Now there came a (Gr. p. 126, note 1) day when 
 the sons of God went," etc. " The sons of God," i.e., 
 the angels. Wayyaboic, impf. 3 pi. ^5^^. 
 
 ^ Sy before. ' § 2, 5. 
 
 '^ \\^ + p = from where, whence ? 
 
 T T 
 
 / Notice the pausal pathali; Gr. p. 37 (a). 
 ^ "Hast thou set;" D^b', qal pf. 2 sing., with inter, 
 prefix. 
 
 ^' Gr. p. 49, 7. ^' "l^D, ptcp. qal. 
 
 ^ Inter, prefix + hinndm, which look out; and see 
 Gr. p. Ill, 2. 
 
 '" Verb rV. " § 8, ^. 
 
 " p verb; Gr. p. 88,2. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 158, N.B. 2. " He will doubtless curse thee 
 to thy face!" Suppressed apodosis. 
 
 ^ Pausal form (= yabarrakanka, with nun assimi- 
 lated). 
 
 *" Note pausal and non-pausal forms.
 
 74 HEBREW PRIMES. 
 
 * Verb "'^, 
 
 * Compound prep. = "from," Gr. p. 116, 2. 
 
 For this name read 'Adonay ; see Gr. p. 14, note 4. 
 
 § 10. 
 Three Messengers of Evil. 
 
 P> DW1 ^ih:^^ vnhi vi::^ Di»n «*nn 
 
 /:Dnn^-Sy 'Tim niihN*n"i ni^in '^vn npsn 
 
 ^nnn-^^i)^ Man Dny|n-nKi ^Dnjprii ^n^ ^Sbrii 
 
 nS '^'^rh "nnS ^ii<-pi "^nbSsxi 
 
 I IT J- - : «.• - : i)- -: I - st : t • it 
 
 nXDXh K!i nil « n!nX3 ni i niy 
 
 jT V : •• - : Jv J 
 
 • - T - I • T : IT • v: J" 
 
 J IT J- - : V - : ;>• ■: I " st : r • it 
 
 t JT : jt • : - 
 
 I IT r - : <-■ - : ■>—.]- sr : t • it
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 75 
 
 "§9,a. * Gr. p. 149 (a), nm. 
 
 " For this verb see Gr. p. 108. 
 
 ^ r\"h. ' n"S, ptcp. pi. f. 
 
 / 'al-y^dehem, by their side. 
 
 ' \"Si; Gr. p. 88, 1. 
 
 ^ ]"^ and r\"h; Gr. p. 109, ad Jin. 
 
 * n3 mouth; Gr. p. 66, ad init. 
 
 ^ Pausal; = niPI. 
 
 "^ Gr. p. 143, note 2, is as true of the cohortative as 
 of the jussive form of the impf. 
 
 " Look out n|. 
 
 " Verb ["3; hif. inf. constr. 
 
 ^ K"3 verb, Gr. p. 84. m f. 
 
 ^ The Kasdim, generally identified with the Chal- 
 daeans. 
 
 ' See § 9, g. 
 
 § 11- 
 
 The Last and Crowning Disaster; 'lydb's 
 Pious Resignation. 
 
 niD^n DH^nx n\ri5 p. ^D^niri bS^x ^™?^ T^?
 
 76 HEBREW PEIMER. 
 
 I IT V - : V - : ■>■ -: \ - :t : t • ir 
 
 na^ :ii^i^ Dhvi ^^x i^|0 " to; D'Sy n^xh. 
 
 Iatt 1.T I- I - T JT : 
 I IT : vT : r- 3- : 
 
 " While ; dum hie loquehatur. 
 
 ' § 10, h. 
 
 " Pf., as the accent shows; Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4. 
 
 '^ § 9, ^. ^ § 10, g. 
 
 f So in Greek edauov, were killed. 
 
 ^ § 10, n. 
 
 ^ mp; Gr. p. 93, note 3. 
 
 ^' defective writing for /''VO. 
 
 ^ TV', gdzaz, Gr. p. 99, note 4. 
 
 "' " To the earth," Gr. p. 52, ad med. 
 
 " nn^ ; hithpalel, shortened impf. with pausal qameg. 
 Hishtahdwe, transposed from hithshahdwe ; yislitahu is a 
 contraction of yishtahaw, like Ydhu from Yahwe or 
 Yahawe, and ^H!!, ^nn, § 1, ^, /, from bdhew^ tohew. 
 
 " i^, third radical, omitted. 
 
 ^ Second qameg pausal. 
 
 ' § 1, fc 
 
 *" Equals meburrak^ i.e.^ pu'al ptcp. of J^ guttural 
 verb.
 
 EEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 77 
 
 § 12. 
 
 The Temptation and Fall of Man. 
 
 ti'Th^ nin^ T\m ^m 
 
 ft- v: JT : 1.T T y.' -; 
 
 m-irrS^ r\mr\ "i^^ni 
 
 AT T - V VT • IT V i - 
 
 AT • IT V VT T - V )- 
 
 " ITT ^ I." : I • 1" V • : !• Av ■• r- V ): ; • : 
 
 S5^^^:'7 ryn nib ^5 n£rxn ^xini 
 
 T -: - : I •• T J- T ■ IT vj" - 
 
 • : - : I •• T ■^T : V : •- -it j t -: i- s- :
 
 78 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 '^ Gr. p. 137, 1; p. 
 
 * ri*n is collective. 
 
 " A question. ^^ = ^XH ; 'af ki, Is it even so that, 
 Is it true that. 
 
 '^ 72 . . . X?, not any, no; Gr. p. 49, 8, ad fin. 
 
 ' Verb ^% Gr. p. 84. 
 
 / Collective. 
 
 ^ Potential use of impf. ; Gr. p. 142, C. 
 
 '^ Constr. of *^)ri, weak segholate, Gr. p. 60 (ii.). 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 22 (1), (2), Dagesh; verb f'S, y^p. 
 
 i Older form of ^H^^Dn (verb Vp, Gr. p. 94). Note 
 effect of shifting the accent. 
 
 "" Emphatic, "Ye shall not die!" Gr. p. 151. 
 
 " Verb '% ptcp. 
 
 " Inf. constr. with suffix, Gr. p. 152, c, d. " In the 
 day of your eating." 
 
 ^ The waw marks the apodosis, like 5e in Greek ; Gr. 
 p. 148, 4. 
 
 ^ Note the vowels of this word ; pf. 2 pi. of H^n, 
 verb r\'h. 
 
 *■ Gr. p. 26, h. " Pretonic qame9. 
 
 ^ Shortened impf. qal, 3 sing. f. of nX"!; Gr. p. 110, 
 third verb. 
 
 " Gr. p. 129, 2. 
 
 ^ Ptcp. nif. of verb fl guttural; = cupiendus or 
 amahilis. 
 
 '" " To look at," or " for becoming wise."
 
 READINGS TROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 79 
 
 "^ See Gr. p. 88, verbs \'% 1, and note. 
 ^ Notice the pausal forms; Gr. p. 37 (1). 
 
 § 13. 
 
 God^s Bow. 
 
 AV : • jv -: V.T - •.•J-: t 1 j- v •• j- • •• 
 
 IT ' v. : 
 
 I IT T IV V kv- jT -. :• : 
 
 AT T T : «.T- -.v.. T I 3" 
 
 IT T T V - : - : . - - < V ; I' I : 
 
 I ATT IV V |,.v- vT : ,T : 
 
 n% nn!i ^"ib^ ^n^h^xi!) 
 
 IT T - >V -: *.T T T : T - V iV T I " • V; I J" 
 
 " Ptcp. in future sense: "I am going to put." 
 * m {int\ with; Gr. p. 48, 3.
 
 80 HEBEEW PRIMER. 
 
 "^ " That it may become." 
 
 ^ Equals *^^y5, pi. inf. of J^V (no qal); see Gr. 
 p. 152 (c). 
 
 / " Then shall be seen ;" apodotic waw, § 8, v. 
 
 '•' Notice the place of the accent, Gr. p. 147. Pf. with 
 waw conv. 
 
 ''* " The waters shall not again become a flood ;" sing. 
 verb, pi. subj., Gr. p. 156, 6. 
 
 ^ ^^{'^ ; l sing. pf. qal, with suffix 3 f. sing. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 13, note 2. 
 
 § 14. 
 K^ndan promised to 'Abram. 
 
 /.T jT - V -: )v. T - I • •• : ) V IT JT 
 
 TAv : V j) : ".v 'r - V -: ) vjr t t v s-
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTASIENT. 81 
 
 AT : T : VT : T : | v t t 'j- - : • | < 
 
 Tiv : V v) : J- 
 
 "' Equals Wadonay =■ wa-ddonay ; see § 9, *. 
 * Nif. inf. constr. 1*13; mark effect of maqqef; Gr. 
 p. 36, note 1. 
 
 ' i^m-, imperat. <^ Verb T\'h. 
 
 ^ 'dsher *atta sham, " that thou there," = where thou 
 art. 
 
 / In these four words notice the old accus. ending, 
 conveying the idea of motion, -ward, Gr. p. 52; the 
 waw has pretonic qame9 with negba and qedma {negeh^ 
 qedem). 
 
 ^ Ptcp. = pres. 
 
 -^ p^, impf. 1 sing, with suffix 3 f ; § 12, x. 
 
 ^ § 9, ^; waw conv., as accent shows. 
 
 "* " So that, if a man can count." 751\ impf. of /b); 
 perhaps a hof 'al formation, though used as qal, which 
 it may be. 
 
 ^ n!l^; cf. /im, mina. 
 
 " Both segholates U, Gr. p. 59. 
 
 § 15. 
 
 'Abraham by 'Elohim\s Bidding goes to Sacrifice 
 his only Son. 
 
 a* T 
 
 7
 
 82 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^toun i2:Nh Dl™^^ M^'^^^ 1»^^h 
 
 ^pn^!-n^ rl;l^^{-1^^f ^i^n^nj?^ 
 ^n^ito n^"^^ ^"i^"'*^*?! 
 
 T ' : T <■• -: r : 
 
 ) IV •• >- >.v -: • T IV - - -< 
 
 iibp-n« ji'in?) ^('jinii dh^^^s^ '"^W".) 
 
 A : I JT : . V : • tt : v: v |--- 
 
 3T T. V ST T : - T • - • • : - j - 
 
 A - VT : !•• : J- -; 1- 
 
 . I jT ; . - V T- t' IT J"-: V T T : - |-'- 
 
 IT : - w ■• : J : [••- 
 
 • T ■CT T : - V I T : • V - 
 
 iS- : -Jv • V V- • T V J- 
 
 irh)h n|^n "Ti^ni ''D^vyDl ^^D '^l^i "^^^i
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. Si 
 
 ':^ rhxh rim i^-nx"i^ D^hSx Dn^nx hf^tkh 
 
 f,- : VT ^ : i)v - J ■■ ir • •;: t t : - 
 
 " Way'lii . . . w'haelohim, "and it happened after 
 
 these things that ; " the English subordinate 
 
 clause is co-ordinate in the Hebrew, a mark of ancient 
 speech. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 48, 5. 
 
 ^ ri3n lo! (properly, here!) Hinneni pausal, hinnenni 
 common form. 
 
 '^ Gr. p. 88, f'S, note. 
 
 * 'y. = "^7, Gr. p. 36, first note; imperative of yT\ 
 
 &)■ ' 
 
 f Ethic dative; cf. Fr. s'en aller; "betake thyself." 
 , ^ Proper name, Gr. p. 126, y ; str. an epithet. 
 ^ ri7y, hif. impf. with suffix. 
 
 * Gr. p. 43, ad fin. 
 
 ^ Impf. 1 sing. ; K"S, Gr. p. 84. 
 
 "' Gr. p. 70, ad fin. for the form\ p. 147, note 3 for 
 the use. 
 
 '' § 4, ^. ^ I^y. 
 
 P Gr. p. 93, note 3. 
 
 ^ " It was on the third day that 'Abraham looked up 
 and saw." Way' hi would more naturally have led off 
 the sentence. Wayyissa\ ["3 and X"7, Gr. p. 110. 
 
 *" ""'fi, imperat. pi. 
 
 * 'ad-ko., thither, to yon place. Nel'ka, cohort., Gr. 
 p. 143, 2.
 
 84 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^ See § 11, 72. 
 
 " See § 9, g, and Gr. p. 93, note 3. 
 
 " Adv. loc, Gr. p. 112. 
 
 "" Gr. p. 64, Irreg. Nouns, 1. 
 
 § 16. 
 
 The Sacrifice Forbidden by the Angel of Yahwh. 
 
 A- " IT V ) I. -: 1— - ■• : • - V T T. : - <t ) v • - 
 
 r^^mrrm njp;.i Sy-m Dn^^^t rh^'). 
 
 • 1" • V *• - AT T : - jT T : - V V- 
 
 T A : V - >- - : V I :iT t- : • 
 
 • IV • (.I : !• : :• i\- ■ " t : i- t ^ : 
 
 ''V^^lp? "^^^^ "Tnxj "inx S^^?-^3^1 
 ni!i nnn nSyS nnSy-n S^^i^-n^< np*") hrrsi^^ p^^\ 
 
 \ : - i- ,T^ : v-:i— • - t v (j--- t t: - | vv-
 
 KEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 85 
 
 * m-, impf. m\, shortened p^; Gr. p. 105, Kern. 6. 
 ' § 15, V. 
 
 '^ Gr. p. 47, 1, the objective pron. 
 
 ' See § 2, k. Mdal, top. 
 
 / § 15, c. 
 
 ^ Shortened form (jussive) from Hb'yp, impf. 2 sing. 
 
 of nb^i?. 
 
 T T 
 
 * M^'uma = n^^ n^ " anything whatever " (after a 
 negative). 
 
 /^ Constr. of KT,, § 8, d. 
 
 I § 15, q. "" " Behind," adv. loc. 
 
 "" Nif. ptep. Tn«. ' t1|'^. 
 
 ^ § 15, e. i See § 15, li. 
 
 § 17. 
 
 Yddqob and the Shepherds at the Well. 
 
 tuip-':^ ^^n^fiK nh') )hr\ npy* "nm 
 nn^5 'nx? nani &i7:5 
 
 A- T-: IT Iv. : - • - J- : - I • •■; 
 
 1" : - r - V.T : ) v ^v t : 
 
 • T -: IT T T jT : V IV :
 
 86 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 : It -: I vt t r- : j- 
 
 "linrp pS-n« 'Dnyn^n ''dhS i2:«h 
 
 AT I V I JT T V y.:- : - : - v t ■.• J- 
 
 : ITT V : r 
 
 t|X5:n-Dy "n«3 nri^i 'r'n^ n^ni Di'^a^ ^iixsj^h 
 
 I I - • «.T T • J" T •■ • : T J : 1- 
 
 ^ § 15, ^. ^ § 15, e. 
 
 * f 1.^, with accus. ending to mark motion towards. 
 ^ ^"ly, segholate 1st guttural, Gr. p. 60, Rem. 1. 
 
 ' Ptcp. = "were lying;" Gr. p. 149 (a). 
 
 / Sy before; § 9, h. 
 
 ^ Hif. impf. frequent. Hp^; Gr. p. 141, B {a). 
 
 ^' This word is the predicate, being without the 
 article; Gr. p. 126, ad fin. 
 
 ^ Constr. of (13; Gr. p. 66, ad init. 
 
 ^ Pff. with waw con v., continuing impf. frequent. : 
 " and all the flocks used to meet there, and men used to 
 {or would) roll;" Gr. p. 148 (c). 
 
 " Hif. pf. n^^; ry, Gr. p. 94. 
 
 " Dlp^. ° Gr. p. 47, 2. 
 
 P Gr. p. 65, ad init. ^ "Whence?" 
 
 '' Inter, part., an novistis? pT, Gr. p. 112, note. 
 
 * Notice the pausal vowel.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 87 
 
 * ni, Gr. p. 65. 
 
 " Fern, ptcp.^ as the accent shows; Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4. 
 
 § 18. 
 
 Yddqoh Prays to be Delivered fror)i the 
 Hand of 'Esaw. 
 
 V v: jT T • ■ T -: I- •« • • : |t 
 
 I /,-.• : - V T V T A- -: 
 
 ^:niina ^:3tJ^':> ^n^^n nnyi 
 la^y n*D ^nj< n*^: j^i '"^jS^!s:n 
 
 |. T _ V • - • : J T I ... 'IT <"T !• 
 
 '^ Notice this contraction from '7X1; Gr. p. 26 (b). 
 
 * Gr. p. 149 (a), ad Jin. " Who didst say, or keep 
 saying;" the ptcp. marks unbroken continuance during 
 a certain time. Or it may be present; "who ever 
 sayest," etc. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 48, 5.
 
 88 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^ HTi/i^, segh. noun. 
 
 ' "That I may deal kindly;" 12^;, Gr. p. 91. As to 
 the construction, see Gr. p. 144, 3. 
 
 / Gr. p. 137, 1; "I am too small for," = "I am un- 
 worthy of." 
 
 ^ More usually "Dy "IDH Plb^V he showed kindness to. 
 
 ^ " With my staff," 7(5^ ; note absence of daghesh, 
 see Ex. 25. 
 
 ^ Proper name, str. an epithet, and therefore with 
 article. 
 
 I rmp. "^ \% hif. imperat. 
 
 "" Ptcp. of statim verb; Gr. p. 72, Sn5. 
 
 " J"S verb; hif. pf of npj, Gr. p. 109, ad fin. The 
 final n elided before suffix. The pf. with waw conv. 
 continues the impf. as in § 17, I. "Lest he come and 
 smite me, mother upon children;" upon = after, in 
 addition to, like eVt with dative. 
 
 § 19. 
 The Brothers Meet. 
 
 '^'2, ib'y-n^ni i!5i*i vj^y 'ipvi' ^m 
 
 it:- J" : >.- : •■ t - : t •• - • t : - v ] -j-- 
 
 AT 1- |vv •• : - V : 3 T : - v v st-
 
 HEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 89 
 
 :D^ihn« nov-nxi Snrnxi 
 ^t!i35*i ^inp.^'*! mr'^'y ^'^3-':i 
 
 Iat V J" • V V- 
 
 1 -: I- : !•- V t; I^.. /-• - - : 
 
 '^ Ptcp. of KiS; "was coming." 
 ^ See Gr. p. 138, 3, 4. 
 " n^n ; shortened form of impf. n^H*. 
 '^ " By, or with." 
 
 ^ nns^. 
 
 / "First, in front;" adv. 
 
 ^ ipse. 
 
 ^ 0^7 at face of, before. 
 
 ^ § 11, 71. 
 
 ^ See § 17, c; here = to the ground, ^afxa^e. 
 
 " P, inf. with suffix, Gr. p. 89. 
 
 " \T\. 
 
 " "To meet him ;" inf. constr. fem. form of X'lD.
 
 90 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^ I"S. ^ r\"h. 
 
 '■ nm, Gr. p. 65. 
 
 * "He gave, bestowed," with accus. of person and 
 thing. 
 
 . § 20. 
 Yosef sold by his Brothers. 
 
 AT V V |v n V -: I- • :i- 
 
 T A - V r : ~- -..It-- 
 
 ^5^7:1 bn^^i^y /^n^!1 D^^S-S;)^fS '&^:'.i 
 
 AT : • • V.T T • ■■ ; : • J- : i •• • : 
 
 T : IT : • r : v : i 
 
 AT V V >.T : :• J- 
 
 A V.-T : V T !• 
 
 nnriip n^ijn^ D^p'J^f nnv,»i
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 91 
 
 T : IT : • Jv V >• T- 
 
 '^ "When." 
 
 * Notice this word; the abs- is riihS. The next 
 word is the usual constr. ; of. ^ltcov^ and our word 
 " cotton." 
 
 " *)1!l, with ace. ending, " into the pit." 
 
 ^ Equals p''']; defective writing, Gr. p, 10, 7. 
 
 « v/^ verb. 
 
 / ]"3; the nun first assimilated, and then dropped, 
 because a mere sh'wa follows, Gr. p. 23, note 1. 
 
 ^ r\'h verb. 
 
 ^ Is this pf. or ptcp. ? see Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4. 
 
 * '% hif. inf. 
 
 ^ Miprayim^ Egypt; accus. ending, marking motion 
 to. 
 
 *" HM ; the pf. with waw conv. continuing impT. 
 
 nahdjvg. 
 
 ^ n)n, Gr. p. 108. 
 
 ^ M/. impf. ri/V; the qal impf. has the same form, 
 
 '' See Gr. p. 139, note 1; "twenty sheqels of silver." 
 ' Hif. Xim, Gr. p. 107.
 
 92 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 § 21. 
 The Dream of the Fat and Lean Kiiie. 
 
 nx;n-Sy ^i0 njrri ^n% nyiSJi 
 nns) v^p ^^nVy ii<;n-)i5 nirrj 
 
 i5<;n-];!: jrinnx niSy rnin« nns y5g^ riirri 
 
 ^b'!! nipni nxn^ ^^nm 
 
 1 : - ,)- : - V T - V J- T : ^ =; I- 1- 
 
 TT- M"! •.•:-- <T T- r : 1- 
 
 nxnsni nxi»n nb^ misn ptJ' nx 
 
 A • : - : V.V : - - / : r - ' - jv ••< 
 
 • 
 
 " Y^^ ajine^ at the end. 
 
 * ^ Gr. p. 132 {a). 
 
 ^ Ptcp., " was dreaming," etc. ri/^, § 20, q. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 135, gen. of ref. 
 
 / nS^, J^"*^!! ; the qame^ is only pretonic, and therefore 
 vanishes in constr.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 93 
 
 ^ y^l bad, = VV1; therefore the qame9 is kept, being 
 compensative. 
 
 ^ '% like trn^, Gr. p. 90. 
 
 The Dream of the Full and Thin Ears of Corn. 
 
 r\'^^ uhm im 
 : nhbi nixns nnx n:3p!i niVy "' D^^ssy ynsj^ i nini 
 
 D^^^^'n vi# ns;} mp^n D^Sa^'n njyS^ni 
 
 jDiSr? n-in^ njjii ^fpn 
 inn 'D^m ii-^in? *n;i 
 
 T A. T -: T V : • V- : • ^- ■.. : - t v 3t) ; • - - : • - 
 
 -: V V T 'k :- .. . .- 
 
 ^ ^"3, like tyi\ Gr. p. 90 ; the qame? is pausal. 
 
 "^ Look out nSii^. 
 
 " A passive ptcp. followed by a gen. ; Gr. p. 135, 
 near end. 
 
 ° See Gr. p. 147, note 3, for the accentuation and 
 seghol. 
 
 ^ Why is not the yod doubled? Gr. p. 23, note 1.
 
 94 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 § 22. 
 
 The Two Dreams Interpreted. 
 
 nn« ihtjS DiSn ^'^J2m ^h'ih "tSV ^nyasj^ ^i«i 
 
 n^n D\:?^ yri^K^ nnbn b^Sa^'n y^g^i 
 : Nn nn^^ D^Sn 
 
 I VT V V -: 
 
 lO'lO^ riVyn nynni^ nipnn nii3n y^n 
 
 n^n D^;^' y^g^ 
 
 Dnfpn nisn^ nipn b^SstJ^n y^g'i. 
 
 : nj;"} *j^ j^^g^ m 
 
 ni^^!l D^iSi^ pK^ nan 
 
 • IT : • I ••■ y... T : \.T ^ JT T 
 
 tnnnx i^l '^?^ V^^ ^^^pl 
 
 I V IT T V VT T T ^T . :
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 95 
 
 Ia" •. -: I- V. - yr T IT .i)" : • | v t t ^ t t - ^ •=- t • i : 
 
 • Af -: 1- 1 : - V i) -: I- ST- - : 
 
 V: IT J- ■■ T T - I ^ T 1- 
 
 " ^aleyha^ upon, ^.g., concerning thee. 
 
 * Potential, " thou canst understand." 
 " Wayyaan, H^iy. 
 
 '^ bil'aday^ Not I ! 
 
 * Ptcp. == facturus sit. So below, 6a'o7/i = venturce 
 sunt ; nfmaher, festmaturus. 
 
 f Higgid, p. ^ n^^. 
 
 ^ herd., HJ^'H, hif. ; seghol before guttural, as the 
 nearer vowel. Gr. p. 24, h. 
 
 ^ " And upon (z.e., as to) the dream's changing to 
 Par'6 twice;" TW. 
 
 / T T 
 
 ^ " Surely {or because) the matter is decreed ; " nif. 
 pf. p3. 
 
 § 23. 
 The Burning Bush. 
 
 pnib ra linn nn* t^^m^{ nyh '^n^n nra 
 n|"|»n ^m |N!!in-nwNi :in^»5 
 
 IT /-
 
 96 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 AV : - I -1 • V." - - : Dt •■ Jr ; I - : - t... 
 
 t^K? d^'p^ riipn r\Ti] xn»i 
 
 IT •.. r.- •• vv : - : 
 
 AV - V T - j:- : - - V V : v : jt t i-^ t 
 
 A : • JT a- vT : ;/ — 
 
 n^DH i|inp D^n^« v'^n J{*ip»i 
 
 J ^J3n i^xh nsj'x: nsj'b "ixsxh 
 .,.. . ... J- ,.■.. J.. ... J- 
 
 A -: J-): • - V V- 
 
 :N!in tJ^np-n^n.^ v^y n^siy nriw^ i^« Dip»n ^2 
 
 1 v|v - : - T T J" ' T - >;•.•-: I t - j. 
 
 '^ See § 1, d. Haya^ with ptcp.; "and M6she had 
 turned shepherd to the flock . . . and he led the 
 flock . . ." 
 
 * " To Hor^b." 
 
 ' Shortened from Hi^X, § 3, c. 
 
 ^ Ptcp., " was burning." 
 
 ' Ptcpl. form = S^IJ^. 
 
 / niD. 
 
 ^ " Why does not the bush catch fire ? " Impf. 
 inceptive; Gr. p. 141, 2. 
 h pf. = plupf. 
 
 ^ n"7 verb.
 
 HEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 97 
 
 Adverb; Gr. p. 113. 
 Yerb f'^. 
 
 § 24. 
 Moshe charged to threaten Par 6. 
 
 - J- - J. 
 
 \riJD-n^j "^nxin nii^ya 
 
 ^^? ^P? "i:)^ ™ ^nys ^^Tp;?;^ \;jn 
 Dnp5 'inS? n;n-N^ i^x 
 
 /
 
 98 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 " See § 15, m. « § 9, h. 
 
 " Note the accent. 
 
 '^ " That they may serve, or to serve me ; " Gr. 
 p. 144, 3. 
 
 ^ Ptcp., = missurus sum,, " I am about to send." 
 
 / Thy heart = thyself; Gr. p. 49, 8. 
 
 ^ Final conj., "to the end that . . .;" strictly a prep. 
 = on account of . . ., as below ; *)^{^ 'J? would be 
 fuller. 
 
 ^ Impf. of V^' . 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 49, 7. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 109, ad. fin. 
 
 ^ Qame9 for seghol in pause. 
 
 '^ § 22, h. 
 
 ° A question; "Wilt thou still resist my people so as 
 not to dismiss them?" 77D raise a mound against (in 
 sieges); ptcp. hithpo'el. 
 
 ^ As to ptcps. see § 22, e. 
 
 ^ "At this time;" art. demonstr., Gr. p. 43. 
 
 '' ^dslier . . . kamdhu^ " like which " (that . . . like it), 
 Gr. p. 127, 5, seq. 
 
 * Notice the compound prep. = (going back) to (and 
 starting) from the day of its founding: *^'D\ inf. nif. 
 with suff. 3 f. 
 
 ^ Miprayim used as name of the country; therefore 
 the infin. has a fern, suffix, the construction being 
 according to the sense.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 99 
 
 § 25. 
 
 Par 6 changes his mind and pursues Yisrael. 
 
 Dyn n"i:3 ^5 u'^y^Ji t>u7 "n]i*i 
 
 AT T v.- T J- • - : • (v Jv : -■..- 
 
 ^ T V T T -:i- ''< : - - : I " t i-- 
 
 T 1 ' : I- 
 
 ^nray^ ^^"i^^^tijj 'mS^'''^ 
 D*n-':'j? 'D^ih Dnix 1:1^2^*1 
 
 T- - J- T <• -- 
 
 IT : V V T : • !•• ; \j -. : •- : : i-- 
 
 AT : • - J T S.T : |- : • -: • : -t J; | ,•• <•:■-: 
 
 iDxS bnpn y!?^^^ ^^151 ^'^^? "^^10 ni-NSLi 
 n3^»5 ^^Jn^^ Dnp-n« nny b'p nib \3
 
 100 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 "Miisj'inn Dmi d:dS Dn^^ nin^ 
 
 * ^T^y, inf. constr. with suffix and prefix. 
 
 ' Ptcp. n"S. 
 
 '^ Collectives; ?} miros- 
 
 ' § 20, /. / *"3. 
 
 ^ Mihheli = from lack; 'e^?i strengthens the idea of 
 want: lit., "from the lack of (z.e., consisting in) the 
 want of graves." Translate: "Was it for want of 
 graves ..." 
 
 ^ Cohortative = purpose. 
 
 * "Rather than our dying;" Hltt, inf. constr. 
 ^ Pausal form of ^5<T^. 
 
 "^ "To-day." 
 
 '' See Gr. p. 154, {a\ {b). 
 
 ° Fuller form in pause. 
 
 § 26. 
 
 God^s Angel guards His People. 
 
 They pass the Sea ; and the Pursuer is drowned 
 
 in the Waters.
 
 READINGS rHOM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 101 
 
 Av •■-: r •• (vv- 
 
 J Dn^^inxtj W) tih')^p j^vD ^^^V i^t)*!! 
 
 •• T : . J" -: - I •• ■ - : • a- -: i- ' I j- - t- 
 
 T :iT - T v.- V i)v v-|t I : 
 
 T :- - T T - ^JT - : T- V JT : ( v i- 
 
 AT T IT V VT - V V /T- 
 
 •IT - ».|:iT-- 
 
 AT T-- V.T - I V : j)" T : • I" : s t" 
 
 IT : • \.T • 1- T V T •% — : 
 
 DnnriiSi }i<y] bnp ^3175 
 
 IT - I V V A"^ f IT ^. : ■ ' : - J « 
 
 • It ; • >•• -: 1- V T T- 
 
 A-." : • v-:i-:i- T : :- |j- ■•< - t- 
 
 •• T : • J" : • T T • - : • v i- 
 
 : Dnv»!i DnS DnSi hin^ ^3 
 
 • IT ; • ; vv T ^T ; • t ; j* 
 
 AT- - v) :iT V /• : V V t : v <-
 
 102 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 T J" : I V .; : • t - t t - 
 
 IT - I ^ i: • V- : • V i)T -: «••-:- 
 
 ^ J. ^6r^(? eorum, " behind them." 
 " "But it lit up the night;" ni«, hif. impf. 
 '^ ze , . . ze, hie . . . ille, " the one . . . the other." 
 ' n^y, Gr. p. 109, ad Jin. 
 f ^Sn, hif. 
 
 3 U^'P; "and set (^.e., made) the sea into dry land." 
 ''* A dextra eorum. Min + ifminam = miyifminam 
 = miminam (one y disappearing because of shVa). 
 
 ^ D^n. ^ niD, hif. impf. 
 
 "' "And he drove it;" subject and suffix are both 
 collective. 
 
 " "I would fain flee!" Gr. p. 143, 2. 
 
 ° niS; "at the turning of dawn," = at daybreak. 
 
 ^ Ptcp., " Avere fleeing towards it," i.e.^ the returning 
 flood. 
 
 § 27. 
 
 The Dying Prophet adjures Yisrael to Refuse the Evil^ 
 and Choose the Good. 
 
 Di*n 'r\*^h ^::J^{ is^i^ nwn T\r^'t:ir\ ^5 
 
 A - >.):-: <■ IT iv -: - jt : • - •<
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 103 
 
 A- • \.- T - J 
 
 T IV -: I- : ^T J" • : - : 
 
 T TJVJT-: T- V^" V T T -;i- a- 
 
 A : >.T T - ) jv •• At 1. 
 
 A - V : V - 1- V - ) V T : • <- T •• : 
 
 ^ IT T V : v*-T - V : 
 
 nvn ^!|V)b 'pbif; n|^^? 
 
 vfinna ^n^S'p YD^^f ^r^^ ""^^^O?^^ 
 vbfi^ibi vnpni rmf2 ibiih) 
 
 A T^T ; • ".T ) ■•. : yT : • ■> : ■ : 
 
 mhi< nin^ ^iini n^nii ^'^n^^ni 
 
 P V v: jt : I : " 1" t • t : t j- t : 
 
 ^{nncj'iS ^n»2J^-Kn nnx-itj^i^ nx!i 
 
 it : • : t vt t jt - V "; I v t t 
 
 I A" 1 >. T ^. - ... T • :•«- . 
 
 T T -: JT - • T ]%:. • -: I- I 
 
 't^ir^^iS ntojy ^^nS n"i^n-n« nny nn^s n^j< 
 
 IT : • : T vT y T I •• ;- - v •• ' ^t - ... -:
 
 104 HEBREW PEIMER. 
 
 AT T I : - : 1.T T : - I v t : • j- t v t " : <;■ - r 
 
 ♦ "^Ol ^^P^* i;.np iv?^ ^'•''^3 ^^1™ 
 
 " Pi. ptcp., HK 
 
 * Nif. ptcp. f., contraction of nX7^1 
 
 ^ " It is hard above thee," = too hard for thee ; Gr 
 p. 137, 1. 
 
 "^ " So as to say," = that thou shouldst say. 
 
 ^ meeber lay yam, lit., eV rep wepau rrj Odkaaafi = 
 beyond the sea. 
 
 / " For the doing it," = that thou may est do it. 
 
 ^ Infs. constr. nrii<, "|Sn. 
 
 ^ " That thou mayst hve." 
 
 ^' Ptcp., " art going." 
 
 '' § 11, n. 
 
 " Emphatic repetition of stem, a device akin to re- 
 duphcation. " Ye shall surely perish." Notice the 
 pausal tobedun = ^l^xn. 
 
 ^ Hif. DV- 
 
 ^ Waw conv., " So choose thou life!" 
 
 § 28. 
 Battle of Bethhoron. 
 
 " The sun, the moon stood still in their sphere ; 
 In the blaze of thiiie arrows they vanished." 
 
 V -: 1- 1- V -v.. : V I ; • •• : - a : : • -
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 105 
 
 IT T V : I V v: IT J" : - r •• •• i : \: • ••; 
 
 A- - : ) :iT : y v •• jt • 
 
 J IV T : vv •• j)- . i -: I- 1 
 
 D^<n3 yt^in^ Dn^S^^ ni*"i 
 
 A : • -v.. : iv •• -: j t- 
 
 IT : • - I • ^T T T : T 
 
 pin-nn nSyp "x^;:}^ ^biy^. 
 npTy-ny Dwn-p niSnii D^3n^^ hnhvi "^hm fiinn 
 
 A-.T- 
 viT V V T : • ^-^ : i :iT j-; -. i- 
 
 Sx'ib'* *i3 ^"-^sS nbxn-HN* hin^ *nn dvs
 
 106 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 •■ T : • J" •■ : ••■ J- 
 
 lU'^n ^DV3 Nin'? "rx-K^*! 
 vinxi visS Ninn dv3 n'^n -"^^9"l 
 
 T-;i-:iTT: - ^- TT : 
 
 t:^'^ ^p!i nin^ ybK'S 
 
 1" T : • : vT : • t : i' 
 
 " ^'i^i; Gr. p. 65. 
 
 * Accus. ending to mark whither. 
 
 " Hif. jussive of T\h\ 
 
 '^ ""'S, hif. precative (imperat.). 
 
 ' nSy. 
 
 T T 
 
 / Notice the vowels (7^n army; ^"IH sword). 
 
 ^ The vowels imply the sing., the consonants the pi. ; 
 Gr. p. 14, note 4, seq. 
 
 /' See § 26, h 
 
 ^ 1"3 and r\'h', Gr. p. 109, ad fin. 
 
 '" Adverbial accus. of manner (cf. servit servitutem^ 
 etc.). 
 
 " Accus. of limitation; Gr. p. 132, 3; "By way of 
 the ascent." 
 
 " " And it happened, in their flight from Yisrd'el, 
 they were on the descent of Beth-horon," etc.
 
 HEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 107 
 
 " Pf. with middle E, T\'M2. 
 
 ^ Rahbim . . . medsher, = "more than those whom;" 
 Gr. p. 137. 
 
 '' Impf. inceptive^ which 1^ usually takes. "Then 
 began to speak." 
 ' p^; Gr. p. 110. 
 ^ " To put before one," = to give into one's power. 
 
 " nm, TV- 
 
 - [''55. ny = n^^f■ ny until that . . . 
 
 ^ " At perfect day," = when day was complete. " 
 " " And it happened not, as on that day, before 
 
 it or since, that Yahwe should hearken to voice of 
 
 man" . . . 
 
 Note. — The sentences, 'Az y'dabher . . . wayydmer 
 V'eyney Yisrael, are like Ex. xv. 1, and Ps. xviii. 1. 
 They seem to introduce a poem, or a citation from a 
 poem. The style of what follows is poetical, and the 
 " Book of the Upright " (probably a collection of sacred 
 lyrics) is named as its source. Clearly the sentence, 
 Wayyadmod hashshemesh . . . keyom tamim^ is a 
 quotation. 
 
 § 29. 
 
 Heaven and Earth must pass, but the Divine 
 
 Deliverance shall endure. 
 
 The Prophet recalls the Passage of the Red Sea : so will 
 
 Yahwe again save His People.
 
 108 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 f,- -; I- J- •• <•• : 
 
 *xin 'mf2 n^iin ^3 
 
 .. .. J. . |.. T <• 
 
 n'p^J!^ "1^33 n.5^ni 
 
 IT •• J ^- I T : . : 
 
 IT •• " VT •■. • ■ 
 
 AT J" : I V >■•.• " :
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 109 
 
 D^x:Si^ nnn nib ^^2:^3 n^y 
 
 A- T »'i V. v|v "J- • <: 
 
 I 1- - :■/■.■ : 
 
 .T V iv -: 1- - • : - ^ -: 
 
 nan Dinn ^2: 
 
 /.T - J : V 
 
 It T -: 1- ] JT V.T 
 
 ?D52:ni» j^n ^::il^^ ^:Di« 
 
 Av : V r : <■ •)• it »• it 
 
 'T\)b' mi^J2 '^xi^ni '■nx-^Jb 
 
 A- : - : K" ^" -: i- 
 
 :p75Dn npn ri*i<i^
 
 110 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 - - ~ J T 1 : 
 
 1 : - V- : V V : 
 
 AT - V. v:!-.-- T- 'i- 
 
 I : ^ T : ^T : 
 
 '^ Dx'?, like pb)2^ Gr. p. 62. 
 
 * ^''D. '^ nip. 
 
 "^ Sn^ pi., pausal form. ^ )"fi. 
 
 / kSn, "gnat;" cf. D33, Part I., Ex. 8, 13. 
 ^ nnn, nif. impf. '' 
 
 ^ " The people in whose heart is my law." 
 
 * " As in the days of old." Gr. p. 132 (6). 
 
 ^ Hif. ptcp. nvn. 
 
 '" Po'el ptcp. S^n. 
 
 " § 26, ^; ptcp., here: "that made the deeps of the 
 sea a path for the passage of the rescued." 
 
 " Pass. ptcp. qal of HIS. 
 
 ^ D1J; pf. of future certainty, Gr. p. 140, 3. 
 
 ? Pi. ptcp. of Dm. 
 
 *■ "Who art thou that thou fearedst." 
 
 * "Mortal man;" Gr. p. 142, note ad init. 
 
 * A relative clause; "grass he is made" = who is, etc. 
 " Hif. ptcp. of p^^. 
 
 ** "When he had resolved to destroy;" [13. 
 ^ Ptcp. ; Gr. p. 146, 3.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. Ill 
 
 § 30. 
 The Pious Exile trusts in his PeopUs God 
 
 ...... J r I . - .. 
 
 nin^ nvt2 niy 
 
 AT : J- •• • : ■;<. 
 
 Iat • J : T(. J" . 
 
 I" T : • 
 
 ^ni!?^" nin; 
 
 IT ^ - . X - - 
 
 " "A song for the np-goings," i.e., of the pilgrim 
 caravans from the lowlands of Babylonia to Yeru- 
 shalayim.
 
 112 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 « "Whence?" 
 
 " " To the stumble ; " verbal noun. 
 
 'i S^, Segh. I., Gr. p. 60. 
 
 ^ " On the hand of thy right" = on thy right hand. 
 
 / Hif. impf. n^i, with suff. {yakkekka = yakkanka = 
 yankanka = yahankanka ; thus the second nun is not 
 epenthetic^ but belongs to the verb-ending). 
 
 ^ With article, as in § 28. 
 
 ^ Infs. constr. used as nouns; ^"3. 
 
 § 31. 
 
 ''^ Let all the Earth bless the Lord-" 
 
 AT : J : • 
 
 IT T T T - ^ !• t 
 
 AT : • ; iT : V J : • 
 
 :njra vis^ six? 
 
 : AT -: J : t tv. j 
 
 T : T T i -^ 
 
 at • : • VT I ■■ -:
 
 HEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 113 
 
 A : - JT * : T :v j i- 
 
 I T I V; T > *= : 
 
 * yil, hif. masc. pL, because hol-hdare^ implies "all 
 men." 
 
 * V^\ ' Hif. Tn\. 
 
 § 32. 
 -4 Prayer for the Light of Gocfs Countenance. 
 
 :w ntoT^3 hJ^Jii3 ''n5^i;!:S 
 5i::Diin Mi3n^ D^^lS^< 
 
 A" -: JT • r- -r : • •;: 
 
 T IV JT • \,T T r*<T 
 
 :Db D^^y ^inv 
 :d(p3 n^^y "^m 
 
 AT : JT : II I ... -.-i
 
 114 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 A- •••: J- -: IT : 
 
 I V IT •• : - T y : I • : 
 
 " Look out n^i, r\n:, and "lIXDTD. " For the Leader 
 of the strings: a lyric song." (The S? as in 3 vK^P, 
 means "over.") 
 
 ^ § 26, c; here ji'w55ZV6 ; the other impfs. are similar. 
 ^ " For knowing," = that men may know. 
 " § 31, c. " May the peoples thank thee . . . may 
 they rejoice when thou judgest . . . !" 
 / " Straightness, rectitude ; " adv. accus. 
 ^ nni hif. ^ Pf. of certain future. 
 
 T t7 
 
 Last verse = 1, 2. " God will bless us, that all 
 Earth's ends may fear Him ! " 
 
 § 33. 
 The Wonders of the Exodus. 
 
 jT^S nvf2 npy: r\'2 
 
 A :|t : JT : jt : it
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 115 
 
 A- •• : j| : IT • T ■.■\. 
 
 AT J- T-\ J) : 
 
 A- •• : J| : : • • t •.% 
 
 p« '^^n 1T^^{ ^^is^p 
 
 •AT - -: -V J- : I - 
 
 • IT : : - : . r - 
 
 " ^?V:, inf. 
 
 * " Yehuda became his sanctuary." 
 
 " Pausal form. 
 
 '^ i!3D. "The Yarden swirled backward;" impf. 
 inceptive, Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 ' Vocative, Gr. p. 126, ad init. 
 
 f Relative clause ; " ye mountains, that leap," etc. 
 
 ^ Ptcp. qal of "^Sri, with ancient case-ending ^— ; 
 Gr. p. 52. 
 
 * Accus. of result. 
 
 * Equals I^y^; constr. with old ending; Gr. p. 52.
 
 116 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 § 34. 
 David in Trouble recalls a former Deliverance. 
 
 ^^y2 u^mi!^ \ '•^3^ irnnii ''^rb "liM 
 
 I : T : - <•• : • : t ; /,■ t : i :^ 
 
 AT T a - T T A 
 
 /• : - : V- : I • - 
 
 T IV I- T T I : I a" 
 
 A--:r |J"T T :v jt - : 
 
 t^npx n1^^-S^< /''•Sip 
 
 ^TJ: ... jt : • h 
 
 • A !• '••: TVT -IT • : - T r -. 
 
 AT /:!•■• T ■». I 
 
 : hvi p iriK^ n^iD '^2J'^< 
 
 IT T JT • T >V -; 
 
 T : 1- • J. T ; V • 
 
 *nw^n r\T\h 
 
 " h of authorship. * V"V-
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 117 
 
 " D^p, ptcp. Rabbim is predicate ; " many are they 
 who rise upon (i.e., against) me." 
 
 "^ Really an old accus. form of HyitJ'J, but used as 
 nominative. 
 
 " Notice the euphonic dagh., Gr. p. 23, 3. 
 
 / 1^3, prep. ^ Hif. ptcp. Dn 
 
 /i « j\/[y voice . . . unto Yah we I cry ;" a change of 
 construction {anacolutlion) : or qoli may be accus. mod. 
 Gr. p. 132, c. 
 
 ^ "And he answered me." These two clauses, and 
 the next verse, refer, I think, to some past peril. The 
 impf. 'eqrd is explained by Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 129 (ii.) 
 
 "" " And I slept soundly ;" cohortative form, marking 
 intensity, earnestness, etc., of an act. 
 
 '^ f^p, hif. " See Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 ^ n*^, sc. nJHJP; "set, or marshal the array." 
 
 r j//ftj_ "Xhou smotest all my foes on the cheek;" 
 Gr. p. 134. 
 * " Yah we hath the victory ! 
 
 On thy people be thy blessing ! " 
 
 § 35. 
 
 The Good Sheplierd. 
 
 -rrh '■mh
 
 118 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 '^t^jpm^^ nan f|wvra ^tj^^ 
 
 ITT : y 
 AT - J" : T • : :-v •.• jv t ^ | «- 
 
 1- T I V J : T : I" : /• : - : 
 
 " Ptcp. nn, Avith suff. 1 pers. 
 
 * Only in pi. constr. (H^i would be the abs. sing.) 
 " Gr. p. 129 (ii.). ^ Pi. of Sh^; DHl 
 
 ' Pilel of niB^. / § 32, g. 
 
 ^ "Forthesakeof ..." 
 
 * "Even if I walk ..." ^ Gr. p. ]25 {a). 
 ^ " My cup is overflow, or fulness." 
 
 " n^K^, inf. of IK';; "and my dwelling (is) . . ." The 
 original vowel {a) is thus somewhat unusually pre- 
 served, hireq being the common sound. Perhaps yod 
 has fallen out, and '*i^5^)"! should be read.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 119 
 
 § 36. 
 
 A Triumphal Ode, on the Entry of the Ark 
 into Yerushalayim. 
 
 AT : I VJT T T -\. 
 
 IT " : J : •* '* 
 
 HID* D^»^-Sy x^n-^3 
 
 AT T : J- - - S. !• 
 
 njn; nxD npn^ nst* 
 
 AT : 1 J vv 
 
 AT < J" : • : IT . :».
 
 120 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 A • : J • T :». 
 
 IT T ; • J • T : 
 
 nym^i i Dny^ ^x^ 
 
 V •• IT • T : ^ : 
 
 dS^v ^nns )m) 
 
 AT ' J" : • : V 
 
 "^ Gr. p. 135 (i.). 
 
 * " Did He make her fast!" Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 ^ "Who may ascend?" ^ Gr. p. 135, ad med. 
 
 ^ "Who hath not lifted up his soul (his desire) to 
 knavery;" to lift the soul to . . . = to long or hanker 
 after . . . (nafsho, not nafshi, is right). 
 
 / " A reward, cr recompense." 
 
 ^ Defective for V^*}"! his seekers. " Of such a kind 
 (lit., this is the kind) are those who seek him." 
 
 ^ Prob. ^"^■S^f is omitted ; " God of Ya aqob." 
 
 ' ze strengthens mi? = tls ttotc ; " who is . . . ?" 
 "" Gr. p. 124, ad init. 
 
 § 37. 
 The Might of Yahwe shown in the Storm.
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 121 
 
 nhi^ ^^:s mh M^n 
 
 ft- •• J" : T -V i T 
 
 A : i : T -\ J T 
 
 • J- - - T : I, 
 
 A- : • V T - 
 
 - A - >T : 1 1 
 
 IT T IV T : )> 
 
 Dn^^< ^ ^:i^ nin* Sip 
 
 A- T-; J" T :v I a 
 
 :[m^n nix-nNt rip' '^0') 
 nsn^: S^n^ nin^ Sip 
 
 AT : • J- T T x ' ')j 
 
 i"(T J- : • T : J- r 
 
 nny^ 'tlb'.n*! niSjNi /hhp) i nin; Sip 
 : ni!i3 i^.>< iSi ^ iS:D^nn!) 
 
 I T J- •.. At 1" : 
 
 ^ty' ^ h)2f^h h nin* 
 
 AT T a T :v 
 
 jDSiyS *^S5 hin; n^j^n 
 
 IT a - V )vT : ' T :
 
 122 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 * Prob. = b'ney liaelohim^ § 9, a. See Gr. p. 131, 5. 
 " " In holy array," i.e.^ festal robes (hddara = adorn- 
 ment). 
 
 '^ " The voice of Yahwe (is) in power," = is powerful, 
 mighty. Notice this form of the predicate. So behadar. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 146, 3, 150 {h). A habitual fact is marked 
 in each case. 
 
 / Pilel of 7^ri. " The voice of Yahwe maketh hinds 
 to travail." 
 
 ^ " And in his palace they all shout. Glory ! " Or 
 more simply; "They all say {i.e.^ ascribe) glory." 
 Cf. V. 1. 
 
 ^ See Gr. p. 146, 2, for this verse. 
 
 * 7 = at, point of time ; more commonly 5. 
 
 § 38. 
 God the Guardian of the Holy City. 
 
 <^T jv -: r TV. i- v: 
 
 :nx9 ^)ii2^ mnv^ n^iiy 
 \ u^ip\ ' iSa Dnn DIM
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 123 
 
 A- v: *: <.:-,: t t : t t 
 
 ni^S;^;^ ^tog n^i^ ^ari 
 jpx n^gn )^)p^ p 
 
 jnSp :i|by^. 'rh^ ^:^ ^5^a 
 
 pNn n^rjr-Ty nianSx: n^^^^? 
 npri f]^pi 15^;, nK'i';). 
 
 n!<!i D!ni< D^i:iii ninx 
 IT T / T • - y T 
 
 AT • J T : iT : 
 
 :nSp mpy;. ^nS^ ii^ 2^m 
 
 " " For the sons of Qorali. After (the voice of) 
 damsels," ^.e., for soprani or trebles. 
 
 '^ " And when mountains totter (and fall) into the 
 heart of the seas." 
 
 ^ His^ i.e.^ the ocean's, implied in yammim.
 
 124 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 * " A river (there is) whose streams delight the city 
 of God." 
 
 / § 26, 0. 
 
 ^ Inceptive; "earth began to melt." The verbs in 
 this verse refer to a special deliverance. 
 
 T T 
 
 ^ Hif. imperat. nS*!; "drop (your hands)!" i.e.^ Be 
 still, yield ! 
 
 § 39. 
 Rest for all in the Grave. 
 
 I " • ■•• • -•' 
 tDij^^x] '^''n^p^ !^^r'? 
 
 r - T <T ■ : " T 
 
 AT •• -: J : • T A 
 
 DnS ^ in? Dnb'-ny 1^i 
 
 AV T JT T • TV "^ J 
 
 ^n^nx xS n2:to '?si3 i« 
 
 AV : rv J I T«. VJV : <:
 
 HEADINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT 125 
 
 :■ f, -.iT • T A JT 
 
 AT -: IT J- ■ -: --\ 
 
 A J' t;v 1 J )t 
 
 IT -; 1" a- : T V V : 
 
 " Inceptive past; Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 * "(Why) came I not forth of the womb to die?" 
 '^ " When I began to suck." py. 
 
 '^ " I had (= should have) lain down, and should be 
 resting : I had slept ; then were there repose for me ! " 
 Notice the states of the verb; Gr. p. 159, line 3. 
 
 ' Ptcp. nil. 
 
 / Wastes, i.e., ruinous tombs. 
 
 ^ Relative clause; " who have gold." 
 
 * Pi. ptcp.; notice double absence of daghesh, and 
 double accus. after verb oi filling. 
 
 ^ Part of the apodosis : " I should not exist." 
 
 ^ Relative clause. 
 
 '" Pf. and impf , hoth mark habit. 
 
 " 5?''^I, verbal adjective; "wearied of (in) strength." 
 
 " " Are easeful, at peace ; " pilel (no qal). 
 
 ^ Adjective.
 
 126 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 § 40. 
 A Vision. 
 
 AT T : • - t):>. - j- 
 
 I A -: 1- J- T - - s 
 
 tnb'^ nnyg^ '*i^Djyi 
 ym' ih v-tnya p 
 
 I A- -:i- ■» T T -: r |j-- 
 
 IT T; iT /■ T T T : - : 
 
 AT : jr T iv jv -:
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 127 
 
 Mn3; nnyS ^\)2^ 
 
 " Gr. p. 141, 1. * 13^p of it. 
 
 ' "In thoughts." ^yD = divide; Cjyp a doubter, 
 sceptic. [V-jn dream. 
 
 d " Met, befel me." 
 
 ^ Inceptives; Gr. p. 141, 1. 
 
 / p3; "I could not discern its form." 
 
 ^ Interrog. particle, Gr. p. 112, note. "Can mortal 
 man be more just than 'Eloah?" 
 
 ^ tohola^ folly? sin : only here. " And on his angels 
 he fasteneth folly." 
 
 '^ 'a/ =: ^af ki = much more. 
 
 ^ "Whose foundation is in the dust." 
 
 "" " They crush them " (impers. = they are crushed. 
 
 " Hof impf nns. 
 
 " "Without heed, no man heeding;" with mesim 
 supply Ub ; = one who sets his heart or thought to a 
 thing. 
 
 § 41. 
 
 The Unseen World^ Earth, Sea, and Sky, 
 controlled of God. 

 
 128 HEBREW PRBIER. 
 
 AT : T J : T : - n 
 
 T : |T y T- T • I : 
 
 '^\'h^ mun ^^-nj< 
 
 AT : y T : IT 
 
 A : ••• J : J T 
 
 AT T : • y- "1 
 
 D^t5-^:irSy ^n pn 
 
 •AT •■.: - ^^ ) ' 
 
 AT : •J- T J" 
 
 I T-;i- • : : • : 
 
 D*n m inb!i 
 
 AT - ^J- T A 
 
 J inn f ng ihj^nnS 
 
 AT : • -J- T :^ 
 
 - I- T JT T T ^T : 1 
 
 )bri Tiiip 1 ^l^^5■l^^ 
 
 T T : I .- • <■• I •
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 129 
 
 " lo-kdah = powerlessness ; and so lo-oz. "How 
 hast thou helped the powtrless, succoured the arm of 
 the defenceless!" 
 
 * lo-hohnia = unwisdom. "How hast thou warned 
 unwisdom ! " 
 
 ' larob, plenteously. 
 
 '^ Gr. p. 55, note; pi. of nfb. 
 
 ' "AYhose breath?" 
 
 / Pulal 7^n writhe, shudder. " The dead shudder, 
 Below the waters and the dwellers therein." 
 i.e.^ they tremble before God. 
 
 ^ " He spreadeth the north (sky) above the void (of 
 space)." 
 
 * " He bindeth, prisoneth." 
 
 * Pf. of habit: "the clouds burst not beneath them." 
 ^ ilin. " A boundary hath he drawn upon the waters, 
 
 (reaching) to the limit (extremity) of light and darkness." 
 '" t)^"! are stricken, tremble. 
 
 " "By his breath {or breeze) the skies are beauty." 
 
 '' Ptcp. hhn. 
 
 ^ "The flying serpent;" perhaps an ancient name 
 personifying storm. So Rahab may be the sea as a 
 proud and violent power. 
 
 Ends = mere glimpses of his ways. 
 
 10
 
 130 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 * " What a mere whisper is heard of him ! 
 
 And the tlmnder of his glorious deeds who can 
 perceive?" 
 
 § 42. 
 The Praise of Wisdom. 
 
 A" T • I • J- •• T : T - :«. 
 
 IT • U : V i" : 
 
 AT :? jv: <'i-T , 
 
 A- • J - TV 1 :. 
 
 T A--- : - J : M- ••. I 
 
 n^|)i« nn?? ^^?r) ^^^ 
 
 I- - : I^TT - V : 
 
 A" T • J • T ;>. J T 
 
 A - : • T V : - -V. I
 
 READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 131 
 
 AT 1 • a- •• I : T - :v 
 
 AT T 1- •■ !•• T ; 7 IV A 
 
 !ii2?« nipx pi^^ 
 : ny^sj^ Jiiyp^ 'i^'^Ii^^ 
 
 AT : - I J- •• • v^ 
 
 : nxT D^g^'n-'?! nnri 
 
 Iat : • - J T a -: 1- 
 
 IT • : |y • 
 
 ph iiDteS inb'ya 
 
 I A ■" T - J -; r 
 
 : niSip ^ vjrh 'rpi) 
 
 AT : - : - T TV JT 
 
 nXD:Dn N^n ^J^^5 nxn^ |n 
 
 AT : T J- T -:v J- : • I <•• 
 
 " 'ey ze^ where? * jHl 
 
 ' Perhaps "l^^D IlHT shut {i.e.^ treasured, precious) 
 
 gold. 
 
 ^ " As its purchase." 
 
 10^
 
 132 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^ Something " pure," i.e.^ glass, or crystal. " Gold 
 equals it not, nor crystal ; nor is a golden vessel its 
 exchange." 
 
 / Ramoth^ coral ( ?) ; perhaps from Dl*!, to he high, and 
 therefore tree-like. According to Lam. iv. 7, W^T^^ are 
 red; and the word may mean red coral; cf. Arab. 
 fanan, branch ; fannd, tree. 
 
 ^ Gabish, crystal (gabash = congeal). 
 
 ^' Piida, perhaps topaz. ^ \'^. 
 
 ^ " Arrow," and so lightning (Arab, hazza^ to pierce). 
 
 " " Marked it out." • " Gr. p. 152, a.
 
 PART III. 
 
 A COLLECTION OF 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 
 
 WITH NOTES.
 
 PART III. 
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 
 
 I.' 
 
 The Chaldean Cosmogony. 
 
 When ^ the upper region was not yet called Heaven, 
 And the lower region was not yet named Earth, 
 And the abyss ^ had not yet opened its arms ; 
 Then ^ the Deep of Ocean gave birth to all of them. 
 And their waters were gathered ^ into one place. 
 
 ^ Use D'l^?, with impf., Gr. p. 119, 2. Say, it was 
 called to the upper place . . . , Gr. p. 153. Cf. Ex. 
 XX. 4. 
 
 ^ ^^^{K' the Underworld; or (Psa. Ixxxviii. 7), *^i3 
 
 ni*nnri. 
 
 ^ Impf. with strong waw; the waw is resumptive. 
 ' See Part II., § 3, a.
 
 136 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Men had not banded ^ together ; no ^ animals wandered 
 
 about : '^ 
 When none of the gods had risen into being ; 
 Their name was not spoken ; their honours ^ (were not 
 
 known) ; 
 Then ^ were born the eldest of the gods, 
 Lahmu ^ and Lahamu arose into being^ and grew up ; 
 Assur ^ and Kissur were born next/° 
 Their days were prolonged. ^^ 
 
 ^ Mankind had not joined ("l^C') ^ ^^^ to his brother. 
 
 ^ px ; put the verb in ptcp. 
 
 "^ Say, in the field. 
 
 ^ Their glory., or their greatness. 
 
 ^° Begin with '^^^<"l and afterwards. 
 " T'^^0? hif- intrans. 
 
 II. 
 
 The Chaldean Cosmogony (continued). 
 
 He made the year ; into quarters ^ he divided it. 
 Twelve months, their constellations ^ three by three,^ he 
 
 fixed up. 
 From the days of the year he established festivals. 
 
 ^ ^5*^. y51 = divide in four ; rabb. 
 
 2 h'p^. ^ Gr. p. 68, note 2.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 137 
 
 . 4 
 
 He founded the dwellings of the planets 
 
 For their rising ^ and setting,^ 
 
 That nothing might go wrong,^ nor stop, 
 
 The dwelling^ of BeP and Hea he appointed^ with them. 
 
 And he opened great gates on all sides ; ^° 
 
 The barriers " he strengthened on left and right. 
 
 And in the centre thereof he placed luminaries ; ^^ 
 
 The moon he raised on high, to go round the night. 
 
 And made ^^ her traverse the night until the rising of 
 
 day. 
 Every month without fail ^^ to feasts she assembled the 
 
 people ; 
 And in the beginning of the month at the coming forth 
 
 of night, 
 Horns she shot forth to enlighten the heavens 
 On the seventh day, a feast ^^ he appointed ; 
 To cease ^® from all work he ordained. 
 
 * r\^7 ^^^'l^ travelling stars ; rabb. The fixed stars 
 are TO^ "3. 
 
 Coming forth (HX^), and going (^5^). 
 
 j^bn, impf. mrv, 
 
 ' \T\) or \'y)) with, m. 
 
 10 i''5p^ from around ; or as Assyr. (ina ^ili kilallan) 
 
 ^^ Psa. cxlvii. 13. ^^ See Part IT., § 4. 
 
 ^^ n^&*l and made her go round. 
 
 ^* She ceased not to call holy assemblies ; ^^p **^?'lp^ i^'^p.
 
 138 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 III. 
 
 The Chaldean Deluge. 
 
 That flood happened ^ whereof Samas had spoken to me, 
 
 saying : 
 " In the night I will rain ^ from heaven ^ heavily." 
 In the day I kept his feast,* the day of watching,^ terror 
 
 seized ^ me. 
 I entered ^ into the midst of the ship,' and shut my door. 
 * * * 
 
 A storm arose ^ at break of day,^ 
 
 From the boundary of heaven dark rain-clouds^ gathered. 
 
 Vul in the midst thereof thundered, 
 
 And Nebo and Saru marched before ; ^^ 
 
 The throne-bearers marched over mountains and plains :" 
 
 The destroyer Nergal overturned, 
 
 Ninip marched before, and cast down ; 
 
 The spirits bore destruction; 
 
 In their glory they swept ^^ the earth : 
 
 ' Begin with '7}% ' Hif. of 11:^. 
 
 3 hn^ nm\ or IX? HiS?!!. 
 
 * Gr. p. 136, 2. ... DV5 'H^. ^H :i^n to keep a feast. 
 
 ' mpm DV. ^ Waw conv. with impf. 
 
 ' Use n^n ark. 
 
 ^ Say, at the going up of the dawn. Gen. xix. 15. 
 
 ^ z^'^V.] j^V clouds and darkness. 
 
 i« D^^ISS. " n^i-pS valley 
 
 12 Xto^{tD. Isa. xiv. 23.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 139 
 
 Vul's deluge reached ^^ to heaven. 
 
 Six days and nights went by ; 
 
 Wind, wave, and storm, overwhelmed.^^ 
 
 On the seventh day, in its course,^^ 
 
 The rain from heaven and all the flood, 
 
 Which had destroyed like an earthquake, began to luU.^^ 
 
 The sea he dried up,^^ 
 
 And the wind and the flood began to cease. 
 
 I perceived the deep uttering a roar ; ^® 
 
 And all mankind turned to clay.^^ 
 
 Like reeds ^° the bodies floated.^^ 
 
 I opened the window,^^ and the light broke ^^ over my 
 
 face; 
 I sat down and wept ; over my face ran my tears.^^ 
 
 '' m or p^^ '' innn. 
 
 ^' 'h)p |ni ^^ Returned to dust. 
 
 The reed (H^D). 
 Were carried upon the face of the waters. 
 
 Say, mine eye ran down ("Tl)) with tears ip^'^'0% coll.) ; 
 Gr. p. 133, ad fin. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The Chaldean Deluge (continued). 
 
 I perceived the shore at the boundary of the sea:^ 
 ^ D*ri S]in ; say, shore of the sea, its boundary. 
 
 1-2
 
 140 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 For twelve measures ^ rose the land. 
 To the country of Nizir went the ship ; 
 The mountain of Nizir stopped ^ the ship, 
 And pass over it she could not. 
 
 * * m 
 
 On the seventh day, in the course thereof, 
 
 I sent forth a dove,^ and it departed. 
 
 Went the dove, and turned ; 
 
 It found no resting-place,^ and it came back. 
 
 I sent forth a swallow,^ and it departed. 
 
 Went the swallow, and turned ; 
 
 It found no resting-place, and it came back. 
 
 I sent forth a raven,'' and it departed. 
 
 Went the raven, and the corpses on the water it saw ; 
 
 It ate, it swam,^ it wandered away, it came not back. 
 
 I sent forth the creatures ^ to the four winds ; 
 
 I poured a drink-offering;^'' 
 
 I built an altar on the peak " of the mountain : 
 
 Seven by seven I took bowls ^^ of wine ; 
 
 Under them I put reeds, pine-logs,^^ and spices,^^ 
 
 ^ "l!3V, jugerum, str. a yoke. 
 ' Hif. -l^V- 
 
 ^ nii*n-nx nW, Gen. viii. 8. 
 
 T - V - • 7 
 
 ' m^. ' nn-i, f. 
 
 - T - ' 
 
 ' ^y. ' r\m; the impf. is rabb. 
 
 ' n;n, coii. '' "^p;? y^ri cp:). 
 
 13 ^'•^^ ^vy. ^^ nxb^
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 141 
 
 The gods assembled at its burning ; 
 
 The ofods like flies ^^ orathered over the sacrifice.^^ 
 
 '' niiT, coll. '' r\np, 
 
 V. 
 
 Tslitar goes down to the Underworld. 
 
 To the land of Hades, the regions of corruption/ 
 Ishtar,^ daughter of the Moon-god, turned her mind.^ 
 To the house where all meet;^ the dwelling of the god 
 
 Irkalla : 
 The house whose entrance^ is without exit;^ 
 The road whose way is without ^ return ; 
 The house at whose entrance they bridle in the light ; ^ 
 Where dust is their food ; their sustenance ^ clay ; 
 
 ^ To She 61^ land of destruction (t^5^f) ; or use v^O 
 regions. 
 
 ^ Set her face., or her heart. 
 
 * v-^:h im n^5. Job xxx. 23. 
 
 ^ 5<^i23. Translate : from its entrance thou shalt not 
 go forth. 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 142, note ad init. 
 
 ^ "IIX "]m_ the light is held back. 
 
 ^ Bread ; or jIT^ victuals.
 
 142 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Light they see not ; in darkness they dwell ; 
 Ghosts,^^ like birds, flutter their wings ^^ there ; 
 Upon the door and its bars lief^ abundance of dust. 
 
 When Tshtar arrived at the gate of Hades, 
 
 To the porter ^^ of the gate a word she spoke : 
 
 To the porter of the waters quoth she, Open thy gate ! 
 
 Open thy gate, and let me enter ! ^^ 
 
 If thou open not thy gate, that ^* I enter not, 
 
 I will force ^^ the door ; I will break down the gate ; 
 
 I will force the entrance ; I will cleave the portals in 
 
 twain ! 
 I will raise ^^ the dead, the devourers of the living ; 
 The living are outnumbered by the dead ! ^' 
 
 1" n'^^\ " eiJ3 nil 
 
 '^ n^nyn or ^^n^, with suffix. 
 
 • v: V • •• 7 
 
 ^^ Gr. p. 144, 3, ad init. 
 
 '' p3; use ptcp., Gr. p. 150 (c). 
 
 '' n^V, hif. 
 
 ^^ Many the dead above^ etc.; Gr. p. 137. 
 
 VI. 
 
 The Descent of Tshtar (continued). 
 
 Through the first gate he let her pass, and stopped lier; 
 There was taken off ^ the great crown from^ her head. 
 
 ' -im (^iD). 2 ^^.^^^^ ^^,^^^
 
 PIECES FOK COMPOSITION. 143 
 
 "Porter, take not off^ from me the great crown from 
 
 my head!" 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 * treasures ! " 
 
 Through the second gate he let her pass, and stopped her ; 
 There were taken off the earrings ^ of her ears. 
 " Porter, take not off from me the earrings of my ears!" 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 treasures ! " 
 
 Through the third gate he let her pass, and stopped her ; 
 There were taken off the precious stones from her head. 
 " Porter, take not off from me the precious stones from 
 
 my head!" 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 treasures ! " ^ 
 
 Through the fourth gate he let her pass, and stopped her ; 
 There were taken off the small lovely gems ^ from her 
 
 forehead.^ 
 "Porter, take not off from me the small lovely gems 
 
 from my forehead!" 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 treasures ! " 
 
 Through the fifth gate he let her pass, and stopped her ; 
 There was taken off the central girdle of her waist.^ 
 
 ^ Hif. impf. "TlD. * Hp^p peculiar property. 
 
 ' ni3^t?;i. « n^;^nn '% or D'i'35. 
 
 • mf2, with suffix nnp. 
 
 ^ The girdle of her loins from her middle. H^^J^^ "^ITJSI.
 
 144 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 " Porter, take not off from me the central girdle of my 
 
 waist ! " 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 treasures!" 
 
 Through the sixth gate he let her pass, and stopped her ; 
 There were taken off the golden rings ^ of her hands and 
 
 feet. 
 " Porter, take not off from me the golden rings of my 
 
 hands and feet!" 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 treasures!" 
 
 Through the seventh gate he let her pass, and stopped 
 
 her. 
 There was taken off the last garment ^^ from her body.^" 
 "Porter, take not off from me the last garment from 
 
 my body ! " 
 " Enter, Lady ! for the Queen of the land demands her 
 
 treasures ! " 
 
 T T ■• • ; T T 
 
 VIL 
 
 The Revolt in Heaven. 
 
 The god of life divine ^ thrice ^ uttered ^ the beginning 
 of a psalm. ^ 
 
 ^ Assyrian elliti = hig\ noble. "nHX. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 68, note 2. ^ T'^ri to pour forth {V^:i).
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 145 
 
 The god of holy songs,^ lord of obedience ^ and worship,^ 
 Seated a thousand singers ^ and flute-players,^ 
 And ordained a choir ^° to answer to his anthem in 
 multitudes." 
 
 With loud mockery ^^ they broke up ^^ his holy chant ;^* 
 They spoil/^ confuse, confound, his strain of praise. ^^ 
 The god of the precious diadem,^' willing to summon ^^ 
 
 his followers,^^ 
 Sounded ^" a loud blast that might wake the dead,^^ 
 Which to the rebeP^ gods forbad return ;^^ 
 Their service he stopped; he banished^* them to the 
 
 gods his foes. 
 
 ^ rrihi? service. ^ yt^^ ptcp. ; 7?ri, ptcp. 
 
 ^° D^^I^IO /in band of singers. 
 
 •:-')-t7 -t t-: 
 
 1^ Say, desired to call, . . . ? f 50- 
 
 1^ Dnnrj companions, ''^ ^^^ ^pn. 
 
 23 ^7ic? ordered the rebel, etc. ; *ri?57 "^ot to return 
 (inf. constr.). 
 
 2^ B'lJl (pi. jyi:!). 
 
 11
 
 146 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 In their stead he made mankind : 
 
 The first who received life ^^ dwelt with him. 
 
 ^® WJiom he made alive, pi. rT^n. 
 
 VIIT. 
 A Prayer. 
 
 Lord of all worlds, not on account of^ our own 
 righteous deeds ^ do we lay^ our supplications before 
 thee, but on account of thy manifold tender-mercies. 
 What* are we? What is our life? What our goodness? 
 What are our righteous deeds? What is our help? 
 What our strength? What our courage? What can 
 we say in thy presence, Lord our God, and our 
 fathers' God? Are not all the mighty as nought before 
 thee, and famous ^ men as though ^ they had not been, 
 and the wise as without^ knowledge, and the shrewd^ 
 as without understanding? For most of their doings 
 are empty,^ and the days of their life are vanity before 
 
 ' h^.. ^ PL of n|TO. 
 
 ' Hif. of Ssi 
 
 ~ T 
 
 * Gr. p. 44, notes 1, 2. ' Gr. p. 129 (ii.). 
 
 ' h^^. ' Nif. ptcp. of \% 
 
 « See Part XL, § 1, line 2.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 147 
 
 thee; and man's excellence over ^"cattle is nought ;^^ for 
 all things are vanity." 
 
 '° p. " Pausal forms. 
 
 IX. 
 
 A Tlianhsgiving. 
 
 Were our mouth ^ full ^ of song as the sea, 
 And our tongue with shouting as the roar of its billows; 
 And our lips with praise,^ as the spaces * of the firma- 
 ment; 
 And our eyes flashing, like the sun and the moon; 
 And our hands outspread like the eagles of heaven ; 
 And our feet swift as the hinds ; 
 
 We could not thank ^ thee enough, Lord our God, and 
 our fathers' God ! nor bless thy name, for ^ one in a 
 thousand of the thousand of thousands of thousands 
 and the myriads of myriads, in number, of the benefits ' 
 which thou hast bestowed^ upon our fathers and upon us. 
 Out of Egypt thou ransomedst us, Lord our God, 
 
 ' Gr. p. 66, ad init. ^ Gr. p. 133 (/>). 
 
 ' nn^, rabb. ^ nni22. 
 
 " V 7 T : V 
 
 ^ We suffice not for thanking ; [''5^, with ptcp. hif. pSD. 
 
 ^ Say, hast done with (Dy). 
 
 11*
 
 148 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 and from the house of bondage ^ thou didst redeem us ; 
 in famine thou feddest us, and in plenty thou main- 
 tainedst ^° us ; from the sword thou didst rescue us, and 
 from plague thou didst deliver us; and from sore and 
 stubborn " sicknesses thou didst set ^^ us free. Hitherto 
 thy tender-mercies ^^ have holpen us, and thy kindnesses 
 have not forsaken us ; and thou wilt never cast us off, 
 Lord our God. 
 
 ^ House of slaves. ^° ^^r'^. 
 
 " ]9«5 firm. ^2 p,lp^^^ p|_ 
 
 ^^ D''^n'1 ^ TO, airXayxva^t viscera, as the seat of pity. 
 
 X. 
 
 A Hymn. 
 
 Extolled ^ be the living ^ God, and all-praised ^ be He ! 
 He is,* and His being ^ is unbounded by time ! 
 He is one, and there is no oneness like His;^ 
 Incomprehensible,'^ and His unity ^ is endless ! 
 
 ' h'll ' Gr. p. 130, 1. 
 
 ^ Hithpa. T\1^; rabb. * Say, is found. 
 
 ^ niX^V^ ; rabb. Say, and there is no time to his 
 being. 
 
 ^ One (l^n^) li^s his oneness (^TlH^ ; rabb. 
 '' Hidden = nif. ptcp. ^7]^. 
 
 8 nnn^t; rabb.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 149 
 
 He hath neither materiaP likeness nor substance ;^° 
 
 He was before ^^ every created thing ; 
 
 Tlie first, without beginning to His beginning ! 
 
 Lo, He is Lord of the world ; 
 
 To all creation ^^ He sheweth" His greatness and His 
 
 sovereignty. 
 The inspiration^* of His prophecy He gave to His 
 
 peculiar ^^ and glorious ones. 
 There hath never yet risen -in Israel one like Moses, 
 A prophet, and beholder of His form ! ^^ 
 A true law God gave His people. 
 By ^'' His prophet, the faithful one of His house : 
 God will never alter nor change His edict ^^ for another ! ^^ 
 He watches and knows our secret ^° thoughts ; 
 He beholds the end of a matter at its outset. ^^ 
 He requites (to) a man with kindness according to his 
 
 doing ; 
 He gives the wicked woe according to his wickedness. 
 He will send our Christ at the end of days, 
 
 ^ Likeness of body (5|111, rabb.). 
 
 ^" And he is not body. " pitSlj?. 
 
 ^^ Every moulded thing. ^^ Hif. impf. n*1\ 
 
 ^* yS?^; rabb. use. 
 
 ^^ The men of his property and splendour (rip^D and 
 
 '" r\y\t2T}. 1' Upon the hand of... 
 
 ^® n*!, late word in Old Testament. 
 ^^ For besides it iTh\\ with suffix). 
 
 2« nriD. 2^ nx3Tp.
 
 150 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 To redeem those who hope for His final deliverance. 
 The dead will God revive in His great mercy : 
 Blessed unto everlasting ^^ be His lauded ^^ name ! 
 
 ^^ The end of his deliverance. 
 
 23 -ly-nS;. 24 Q£ 22. 
 
 XL 
 
 TJie Song of Zacharias. 
 
 Blessed be the Lord/ God of Israel, 
 For He hath visited and wrought ransom^ for His 
 people ; 
 
 And raised a horn of salvation for us, 
 
 In the house of David His servant, 
 
 (As He spake by the mouth of His holy prophets, 
 
 Which have been since ^ the world began ;) 
 
 Salvation from our enemies. 
 
 And from the hand of all who hate us : 
 
 To shew kindness ^ to our fathers, 
 
 And to remember His holy covenant : 
 
 The oath which He sware to our father Abraham, 
 
 1 Kuptoy = r\)r}\ 
 
 ^ Made a ransom = MIlS HK^y. 
 ' Who from everlasting they. 
 
 * Inf. constr. with 7 ; to shew kindness to = HK^y 
 DS? -TDH.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 151 
 
 That He would give ^ us, 
 
 That we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, 
 
 Might serve Him without fear. 
 
 In holiness and righteousness before Him 
 
 All the days of our life. 
 
 And thou, child, — prophet of the Highest shalt thou be 
 
 called, 
 For thou shalt go before the Lord to prepare His ways. 
 To give knowledge of salvation to His people 
 Through forgiveness of their sins. 
 By the tender mercy of our God. 
 AVhereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us; 
 To give light to them that sit in darkness and the 
 
 shadow of death, 
 And to guide our feet into the way of peace. 
 
 ^ Inf constr. with 7. 
 
 XII. 
 
 The Temptation. 
 
 Now Jesus, full of the Holy Ghost, turned back from 
 
 the Jordan. 
 And he was led in the spirit into the wilderness ^ for 
 
 forty days, being tempted by the devil.* 
 
 ^ Accusative; see Gr. pp. 132 (6), 138, 4, 5. 
 * IJI^^T] the fiend ov foe.
 
 152 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 And he ate nothing ^ in those days ; and when they were 
 completed,^ afterwards he became hungry. 
 
 And the devil * said to him, If thou art Son of God, 
 command this stone ^ to become ^ bread. 
 
 And Jesus answered him, saying. It is written, that 
 man shall not live on bread alone,'' but on every 
 utterance ^ of Yah we. 
 
 And the devil led him up into a high mountain, and 
 shewed him all the kingdoms of the world in a 
 point ^ of time. 
 
 And the devil said to him. 
 
 To thee will I give all this lordship,^" and their glory ; 
 
 Because to me it hath been delivered. 
 
 And to whomsoever ^^ I will I give it. 
 
 Thou, then, if thou fall down before me, — 
 
 All'' shall be thine. 
 
 And Jesus answered and said to him, 
 
 Get thee '^ behind me, Satan, for it is written, 
 
 ^ Did not eat anything^ H^'li^^. 
 
 ^ 3, with inf. constr. of H^^, and suiF. ; Gr. p. 152 {d). 
 
 ^ Say to this stone. 
 
 " Weak waw with jussive ; Gr. p. 144, 3, and note 2. 
 
 ^ ill? = in its separation. 
 
 8 >'r\> ^3 ^^^12, 9 ft|V^, rabbinic use. 
 
 '" \^\:h^ (cf. sultdn). 
 
 ^1 ^^^. '^ Say, all of them.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 153 
 
 Yahwe thy God shalt thou fear, 
 And him shalt thou serve alone. 
 
 And he brought him^* to Jerusalem, and made him 
 stand upon the tower ^^ of the temple, 
 
 And said unto him, 
 
 If thou art the Son of God, throw thyself ^^ hence 
 downwards. 
 
 For it is written. His angels he will charge for thee, to 
 keep thee ; 
 
 And upon hands they will bear thee, 
 
 Lest thou dash on a stone thy foot. 
 
 And Jesus answered and said to him. It has been said. 
 
 Thou shalt not tempt Yahwe thy God. 
 
 And when he had finished every temptation. 
 The devil departed from him ^^ until a fitting time. 
 
 ^* Made him go^ hif. 
 
 ^^ nil3 a mural tower, stans in praecipiti. 
 
 ^^ vSi, hithpa. ^'^ Say, ceased from him. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 From the Qurdn (1). 
 
 Lo, they who believe, and work righteousness, 
 For them there are gardens of delight;^ 
 Always shall they abide in them :
 
 154 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 God's promise ^ is sure, 
 
 For he is the almighty,^ all-wise. 
 
 He framed the heavens without pillars that ye see,* 
 
 And he cast upon the earth mountain heights, 
 
 Lest ^ she should rock with you. 
 
 And he spread upon her some of all creatures. 
 
 Also we sent down from heaven water, 
 
 And caused to spring up ^ thereon of every noble kind.^ 
 
 This was God's creation; 
 
 And show ye me what those beneath him® have created ; 
 
 Truly the godless are in plain error ! ^ 
 
 T T - - .. 
 
 * And their pillars are not seen. 
 
 ' tOi^; Psa. xciii. 1. ' r\f2)i, hif. 
 
 '' Every good plant after its kind ; Part II., § 3, n. 
 
 « Less than He. ' nx^: D^S^HD. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 From the Quran (2). 
 
 See ye not that God turneth darkness into light, 
 And turneth light into darkness? 
 And made the sun and the moon do service? 
 Each ^ runneth to an appointed goal.^ 
 
 ' Cf. Psa. xix. 6, 7. ^ p) h^'2^.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 155 
 
 And lo ! God knoweth whate'er ye do. 
 
 This, because God is the truth, 
 
 And because that which ye invoke beneath him is 
 
 nought. 
 And because God is most high, all-powerful ! 
 
 See ye not that the ships run ^ along the sea by God's 
 
 favour, 
 To show you of his signs? 
 
 And when the wave like shrouds * hath covered them. 
 They calP on God, showing him pure devotion;^ 
 But when he hath brought them safe to shore,^ 
 Some of them halt between two opinions.® 
 Yet no man denieth ^ our signs. 
 Save every treacherous ingrate.^** 
 
 Mankind, fear your Lord, 
 
 And dread the day when father shall not atone for son, 
 
 nor son for father, at all ! 
 Lo, God's promise is true. 
 
 ^ Psa. civ. 26 ; "J/H, pi. impf. 
 
 ' Psa. civ. 6; m^i^. 
 
 'Cf. Psa. cvii. 28; "Sj^ p^V- 
 
 ^ Worshipping purely. 
 
 ^ Psa. cvii. 30; led them to the haven (Tint)) of their 
 desire. 
 
 8 D^3V4)ri 'Pip-h)3 nD3, 1 Ki. xvii. 21. 
 ^ y]^*!. = charge with falsity.
 
 156 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Therefore, let not the world ^^ beguile you/^ 
 And let not the Guileful beguile you as to God ! 
 
 Lo, with God is the knowledge of that hour," 
 
 And he sendeth down the rain, 
 
 And he knows what lieth in the womb. 
 
 And no soul foreseeth what it will gain to-morrow. 
 
 And no soul foreseeth in what land it will die : 
 
 Lo, God knoweth, is aware ! ^* 
 
 " ^70^ Q^r^^ 'men of the world ; Psa. xvii. 14. 
 12 DjS ^'^':S^ [^m\ Isa. xxxvi. 14. 
 " That day^ i.e., the judgment. 
 
 XV. 
 
 From the Qurdn (3). — Muhammad^ s Paradise. 
 
 Verily we have prepared for the unbelievers chains,^ and 
 
 yokes,^ and blazing fire ! 
 But the righteous shall drink of a cup whereof^ the 
 
 mixture shall be camphor, 
 The fount whereof the servants of God shall drink,* 
 They shall make it flow ^ in sluices ^ everywhere. 
 
 1 
 
 3 n? n|)3 ^p9. * Nip. 
 
 ' rhviK ^ nT, hif
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 157 
 
 For they fulfil the vow, 
 
 And they fear the day whose evil shall be swift :^ 
 
 And they feed ^ the needy, and the fatherless, and the 
 
 bondman, with food. 
 For the love of Him. 
 
 " We feed you only for God's sake, 
 "We want not from you^ return or thanks.^" 
 Verily " we fear from our Lord a Day of Gloom, of 
 12 calamity!" 
 
 Therefore God will keep them from the evil of that day, 
 And will cast ^^ upon them bright looks and gladness. 
 And He will requite ^^ them in that they were patient, 
 with gardens and silken attire ;i^ 
 
 There shall they lie upon couches ; 
 
 They shall not see therein sun ^^ or moon.^^ 
 
 And low down anigh them shall fall the shades thereof, ^^ 
 
 And the grapes thereof shall hang low.^^ 
 
 ' Its calamity tarries not (*lHNt T*}??). 
 
 ^ Gen. xlvii. 12, 7573 (pilpel of 7l3) with dupl. accus. 
 
 ^ Seek not from your hand. ^'^ Blessing. 
 
 1 D7^^{1 hut (on the contrary). 
 
 2 nri^'*^ terror. ^^ Make his face shine. 
 ' ^^. '' Eze. xvi. 13, *^9 n^5. 
 
 ^ The shadows shall incline around them. ; they shall 
 descend in the shady place (r\v'$p). 
 
 1^ Shall bow as a rush (p^^N).
 
 158 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 And men will go round to ^° them with vases ^^ of silver, 
 and flasks. 
 
 The flasks shall be of silver ; 
 
 They shall themselves fix the measure.^^ 
 
 And there shall go round to them immortal youth s;^^ 
 
 When thou lookest on them thou wilt think them 
 
 scattered pearls. 
 And when thou lookest, thou shalt look on loveliness, 
 
 and a realm of glory. 
 
 Upon them shall be robes of brocade,^* green ^^ and 
 
 glistening, 
 And they shall be adorned with bracelets of silver. 
 And their Lord will make them drink a pure liquor.^^ 
 
 Verily this shall be your recompense, 
 And your effort shall be accepted ! ^'' 
 
 2" m wait on. "' t]D| n'l^^. 
 
 ^ napn, Jud. V. 30. ^' y^V coloured robe. 
 
 2« p^p myp\', cf. Isa. XXV. 6. 
 
 2^ He will accept (n^"!) the works of your hands. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 The Merciful Eider. 
 
 I know that Allah loves the poor, and that he gives 
 riches to whomsoever he will try;^ but to the poor he 
 
 ' ps, i=)1V-
 
 riECES FOR COMPOSITION. 159 
 
 sends all who speak his word, that they may rise in the 
 midst of their misery.^ Does not he give rain, when 
 the blade would otherwise wither,^ and a dewdrop^ in 
 the cup of the thirsty flower?^ And is it not sublime 
 to be sent^ to seek them that are weary, who have 
 lingered ® behind after the work, and have fallen down 
 exhausted ' on the road, because their knees were not 
 strong enough to carry them to the place where they 
 should receive their wages ? Should not I be glad to 
 give a helping hand^ to him who tumbled into the 
 ditch, and a staiF to him who climbs the mountains ? 
 Should^ not my heart leap with joy, when it sees 
 that I have been selected^ amongst many, to turn^° 
 lamentation into prayer, weeping into thanks- 
 ffivino^ ? 
 
 2 rriV (§arra), ')V. 
 
 ^ Say, upon the grass when it begins to ivither; or, upon 
 the drooping (y^'i^^) grass. Deut. xxxii. 2. 
 
 ^ h± nV^V; Gr. p. 136, note (1). 
 
 ^ Is it a s?naU thing that I should he sent ... ^5 tDy^H 
 and impf. ; or, rTli^lsn-^^ HXT ^T\ and inf. 
 
 ' T5SJ, pi. ' n«^;i, ^'vi. 
 
 ^ Impfs. Shall not I reach {Vh^) the hand of my 
 help. 
 
 ^ God hath chosen me out of many. 
 
 '' Cf. Isa. XXV. 2.
 
 160 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 The Unrighteous Judge. 
 
 A time will come when the passenger will stand before 
 a house and ask, " What is this, that the harp ^ is silent, 
 and the song of the maidens is hushed?" And they 
 will answer, " A man has died." 
 
 And whosoever journeys ^ to the villages shall sit in 
 the evening with the host,^ and round about him the 
 sons and daughters of the house, and the children of 
 those who live in the village, and he shall say : 
 
 "A man has died who promised* to be just; and he 
 sold justice to everyone who gave him money. He 
 watered his field with the sweat of the labourer ^ whom 
 he had called aAvay from his own labour.^ He did not 
 pay the labourer his wages,^ but lived on the food of the 
 poor. He became'' rich from the poverty of others.^ 
 He had much gold and silver, and plenty of precious 
 stones; but the labourer who lives in the neighbour- 
 hood did not know how to appease the hunger of his 
 
 ^ Isa. XXV. 8, the joy of the harp has ceased. 
 ^ ^^n "liiri ; the stranger that sojourns in . . . 
 
 * Said^ or sware ; inf. with ?. 
 
 ^ iny ; nnhy. *• Tr\2m. 
 
 ^ 'Ijyy, hif ^ His neighbour.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 161 
 
 child.'' He smiled like a happy ^^ man; but there was 
 gnashing ^^ of teeth from the suppliant who sought 
 justice. There was contentedness ^^ on his features; 
 but there was no milk in the breasts of the mothers 
 who would fain have given suck." Then the people of 
 the villages will say: "Allah is great: we curse no 
 one!" 
 
 ^ Satisfy his child with bread. Gr. p. 133 (b). 
 
 12 
 
 His face shone. 
 
 XVIII 
 
 A Javanese Elegy. 
 
 I know not where ^ I shall die. 
 I saw the great sea on the south coast, 
 When I was there with my father making salt ; 
 If ^ I die at sea, and my body be thrown into the deep 
 
 water, 
 Then sharks^ will come, and swim round my corpse, and 
 
 ask, 
 " Which of us shall devour the body that goes down 
 
 into the water?" 
 
 I shall not hear it ! 
 
 ^ Gr. p. 136 (ii.); omit relat. 
 
 ' Gr. pp. 157, 158. ^ P^ri. 
 
 12
 
 162 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 I know not where I shall die. 
 1 saw the corpse of Palisoe who died of old age ; 
 For his hairs ^ were white : 
 If I die of old age, with white hairs, 
 Hired women ^ will stand weeping near my corpse ; 
 And will make lamentation^ like the mourners^ over 
 
 Palisoe's corpse; 
 And the grandchildren' will weep very loudly:^ 
 
 I shall not hear it ! 
 
 I know not where I shall die. 
 I have seen at Badoer many that were dead. 
 They were dressed in white shrouds, and were buried in 
 
 the earth ; 
 If I die at Badoer, and I am buried beyond ^ the village, 
 Eastward against the hill,^" where the grass is high; 
 Then will Adinda pass by there, 
 And the border ^^ of her dress will sweep softly along 
 
 the grass: 
 
 I shall hear it ! 
 
 * The hairs of his head; or, u'hite hairs were to him. 
 
 ' Cf. Isa. vii. 20, HT^H 'm-, or nif. ptcp. of nsb'. 
 
 ® 7!l^{, qal impf., and hithpa. ptcp. ; or 1^135?, with 
 accus. pers. 
 
 ' Sons of sons. ^ Cognate accus. 
 
 ^ Without; Gr. p. 117, line 4. 
 
 ^^ On the east before the hill. 
 
 '' nVvO t|35, 1 Sam. xxiv. 5.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 163 
 
 XIX 
 
 The Preaching of the Buddha. 
 
 The angels ^ throng ^ to hear the discourse ^ until all 
 the heavens are empty; and the sound* of their ap- 
 proach is like the noise of a storm, till at the blast ^ of 
 the archangel's trumpet they become as still ^ as a 
 waveless '' sea. All nature ^ is moved ; the everlasting 
 hills on which the world is built ^ leap for joy, and bow 
 themselves before the Teacher; the powers ^^ of the air 
 dispose all things as is most meet; gentle breezes 
 sigh,^^ and delicious flowers ^^ fill the air with their 
 scent. ^^ 
 
 ' mh^ *;J5; or, D^^ilfp. 
 
 "- TliilJ^n troop together (1^15 a troop). 
 
 ' ni^N, or V3 "^m. 
 
 * The voice of their goings (is) like a storm (that) roars. 
 Gr. p. 128 (1). 
 
 ^ When the prince (DON7!3n IB') of the angels blew the 
 trumpet; Gr. p. 152 (d). 
 
 ' ^'Q'^m, or ^D^*l. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 130, line 5; D^S:i h ['N. 
 
 ^ All things tremble (p\l2^ nif.). 
 
 ^ Foundations of the earth, "KH HP^'^- 
 
 ^" The mighty ones of the expanse order all their realm 
 fittingly. Use Tp^Pl, with inf. of ^1^; Gr. p. 154, note. 
 
 " im blow; tOX^ gently. '^ Flowers of delight. 
 ^' Emit fragrance, n***! [H^, Cant. ii. 13. 
 
 *12
 
 164 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 The evening was like a lovely maiden ; the stars were 
 the pearls upon her neck, the dark clouds ^^ her braided 
 hair,^^ the deepening space ^^ her flowing robe,^^ As a 
 crown she had the heavens where ^^ the angels dwell ; 
 these three worlds were as her body; her eyes were 
 the white lotus flowers, which open^*' to the rising 
 moon; and her voice was, as it were, the humming of 
 the bees.^^ 
 
 To worship the Buddha,^^ and hear the first preach- 
 ing of the word,^^ this lovely maiden came. 
 
 ^^ w^v riDf n. 
 
 '' nmi ntj^j-jp, isa. iii. 24. 
 
 ^^ The deep of the heavens ; or, circle of the heavens^ 
 yT\ ; or perhaps ^Hh, Job xxvi. 7. Cf. also IX., 4, supra. 
 
 " S^^^nS. '^ Gr. p. 136 (ii.), omit rel. 
 
 -« nri3. Cant. vii. 13. '' Dnh"1 n^TO. 
 
 ^^ Prophet^ or wise man. ^^ Beginning of his words. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Buddhist Ethics. 
 
 As the vassika plant casts down ^ its withered blossoms, 
 
 ^ Job XV. 33 ; as the olive casts away (*^??'!) its 
 withered bloom (^I^^).
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 165 
 
 So cast out utterly,^ ^ mendicants,* ill-will and lust. 
 
 Do no violence ^ to a Brahman,^ ' 
 But neither let him fly at ^ his aggressor. 
 Woe ' to him who strikes a Brahman ! 
 More woe ^ to him who strikes the striker ! 
 
 What is the use of plaited hair,^ fool ! 
 What of a garment ^^ of skins ? 
 Your low yearnings are within you ! 
 And the outside thou makest clean. ^^ 
 
 He who, though he has committed no offence. 
 Endures reproaches, bonds, and stripes,^^ 
 And out of much endurance ^^ 
 
 ^ / V^, or hb. ^ ye poor. 
 
 Bhikkhave, i.e., Buddhist monks, who lived on alms. 
 
 ' Dy ynn, or D^n nb^y. ' A priest. 
 
 ^ Fall upon; or, turn his hand against. His aggressor, 
 V^p, pi. 
 
 ^ Evil will befal (^IJ^^, ^\.) to . . . 
 
 ^ And he will increase (H^l, hif. impf.) evil . . . 
 
 ^' Pro. xxiii. 29. h 'Hi:? . . .h ^i^*, or ^IH n'^] . . . '\r\. 
 
 ^ Zee. xiii. 4. "15?^ ^1"1^ ^ ^^^^''' cloak. Say, where- 
 fore to thee the hair cloak. Isa. i. 11. 
 
 ^' niy T\)T\2, Gen. iii. 21. 
 
 ^^ Thy face only thou washest. 
 
 ''- And the whip, tOi^J^I. 
 
 ^' Cf. Pro. xvi. 32, in)iy Tti.
 
 166 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Makes for himself a mighty army/* 
 He it is I call a Brahman. 
 
 ^* Founds for himself strength ; Psa. viii. 3, T^ 1D\ 
 
 Note. — The last stanza may be paraphrased thus : 
 " Lo, the man who is without fault (Pi<, with ptcp.)^ and 
 bears (ptep.) reproach, etc., and from the greatness of 
 his humility (or longsufFering, 0^35^ "^I"!.^) founds (impf.) 
 for himself strength, to this man I will say, Priest." 
 Isa. viii. 12. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 A Parable of the Sower. 
 
 A wealthy Brahman named Bharadvaja was ^ holding 
 liis harvest home, when ^ the Teacher came and stood 
 by with his bowl. Some of the people went up and 
 paid him reverence ; but ^ the Brahman was angry, 
 and said,* Sramana,^ I plough and^ sow, and'^ having 
 ploughed and sown I eat ; it would be better ^ if you in 
 
 ^ ri^n, with ptcp. Was holding the feast of his harvest. 
 ^ And a man from the sons of the prophets came and 
 stood by him., and his bowl in his hand. 
 ' And. * In pause. 
 
 ^ Ha^ prophet ! " D^l. 
 
 ^ And I eat my bread in its season. 
 ^ Is it not good for thee to plough like me., etc.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 167 
 
 like manner were to plough and sow, and then you 
 would have food to eat. 
 
 Brahman, was the answer, I too plough and sow, 
 and having ploughed and sown I eat. 
 
 You say you are a husbandman ; but we see no signs 
 of it,' said the Brahman. Where ^° are your bullocks, 
 and the seed, and the plough? Then the Teacher 
 answered, Faith is the seed I sow," and good works ^^ 
 are as the rain that fertilizes" it; wisdom and modesty 
 are the parts ^* of the plough, and my mind is the 
 guiding ^^ rein. I lay hold of the handle ^^ of the Law; 
 earnestness ^Ms the goad I use;^^ and diligence is my 
 draught-ox. Thus^^ this ploughing is ploughed, de- 
 stroying the weeds of delusion. The harvest ^ that it 
 
 ' And thy work is not seen. 
 ^'^ Where they., the bullocks which to thee, etc. 
 " Draw forth, "^^fp, ptcp. ^^ Works of justice. 
 " Makes it great. ^* HH^ handles. 
 
 ^° D757 for restraining, Psa. xxxii. 9. 
 '' Staves of the Ark of Covenant; nnyn \T^ ''^X 
 17 D^'iK'^tt straightforwardness; or say, zeal for my 
 work. Diligence = n"iri2p 1\. 
 
 ^^ Say, I set, i.e., sharpen; !2X3, hif., 1 Sam. xiii. 21. 
 
 ^® So I plough the ground, ploughing and uprootiyig 
 thorns of deceit ; Gr. p. 151 {h), inf. abs. 
 
 ^^ My harvest, and the reward of the toil of my 
 business.
 
 168 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 yields is the ambrosial fruit of Nirvana,^^ and by this 
 ploughing ^^ all sorrow ends. 
 
 ^^ Nirvana = extinction^ i.e.^ of the passions. For 
 this substitute, '* fruit of the tree of life," 
 
 ^^ And by the works of my hands I make to cease 
 sorrow and sighing. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Buddhist Ethics. 
 
 He ^ who, himself not stainless, 
 
 Would wrap the yellow-stained robe around him, 
 
 He, devoid of self-control and honesty, 
 
 Is unworthy ^ of the yellow robe. 
 
 But he who, cleansed ^ from stains,* 
 Is well grounded in the precepts,^ 
 
 X. 
 
 ^ He who longs to put on the robe of the ^efod (E 
 xxviii. 4). And he profane^ lacking honesty (Ex. xviii. 
 21), and not pure^ that man, etc. 
 
 ^ p |bp ; or say, is not accounted a master of the *ef6d 
 in honour. 
 
 ' nriD, hithpa. ' imi 
 
 ^ And remembers the precepts to do them.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 169 
 
 And full of honesty and self-restraint,'' 
 'Tis he who is worthy of the yellow robe. 
 
 The mendicant who controls his tongue/ speaking 
 
 wisely, and is not puffed up,^ 
 Who throws light on ^ worldly and on heavenly things, 
 His word is sweet. ^'^ 
 
 That mendicant whose life is love,^^ 
 Whose joy the teachings ^^ of the Buddha, 
 He will enter " the tranquil lot. 
 
 Let his livelihood be kindliness," 
 His conduct righteousness. 
 Then in the fulness of gladness,^^ 
 He will make an end of grief.^^ 
 
 ^ And restrains himself (p3^^, hithpa.) iji the honesty 
 of his heart (W). 
 
 ' Psa. XV. 3, does not slander ; or Pro. xxi. 23, keepeth 
 his tongue. 
 
 ^ His heart is not high, Psa. cxxxi. 1. 
 
 ■* Teaches his people. *inn, str. illustravit. 
 ^^ He uttereth goodly words, Gen. xlix. 21. 
 " The law of kindness upon his soul. 
 '^ npb. Cf. Psa. i. 2. '' Inherit. 
 
 Kind in all his works, and just in all his actions. 
 
 nin^b' ynb^, Psa. xvi. ii. 
 isa. xxi. 2, nmx n^s^n.
 
 170 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Paraphrase of Othello^ 
 Act iv., sc. 3, 22. 
 
 Emilia. — Lo, I have put the coverlets on thy bed, as 
 thou didst bid. 
 
 Desdemona. — What difference between coverlet and^ 
 
 coverlet? Is not one like another? 
 How do we resemble children, and folly is bound up 
 
 with our heart ! 
 If I die before thou diest, clothe my body, Emilia, in this 
 
 linen robe.^ 
 
 Emil. — Utter not with thy lips words like that ! ^ 
 
 Desde. — My mother had a maid betrothed to a man, 
 
 and her name was 'Aziiba;^ 
 And her lover became mad,* and forsook her, and went 
 
 his way. 
 And in her mouth was set a song of old, by name. The 
 
 Willows of the Brook, 
 The words of which were sweet to a broken-hearted^ 
 
 maid like 'Aziiba. 
 
 ' To. ^ n-in p!i '^inpn-riwSi. 
 
 ^ Thou shalt not make go forth loith thy lips according 
 to that word. 
 
 ^ niliy Forsaken. * Mad, j;?^?.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 171 
 
 And she sang that song at the time of her soul's going 
 
 forth. 
 And I, I have set to-night that song before mine eyes, 
 And ahnost do I crave to sing it^ as did ' Aziiba : — 
 But make haste ! Complete thy task ! 
 
 (Desde. begins to sing.) Under the Oak of Weeping 
 ' Aziiba is weeping for the husband of her youth : 
 
 The willows weep, they shiver, for the broken heart ^ 
 
 Of her that pineth away ^ through love : 
 
 Her hand on her head, and her head between her 
 knees : 
 
 Shriek, wail, ye willows ! willows ! willows ! 
 
 Her eyes were red from weeping, and stones were 
 moistened by her tears : — 
 
 {To EmM.) Put this aside,^ Emilia! 
 Shriek, wail, ye willows ! willows ! willows ! 
 
 {To Emil.) Make haste, complete thy work, he will 
 
 come in a moment. 
 Among the willows of the brook when I die, crown ye 
 
 me with a garland ! 
 Even in his wrath I love him; speak ye no treason® 
 
 against him, — 
 But not so is the end of the song. Lo, he is knocking ! ^° 
 
 EmiL — It is not he; only the wind bloweth !^^ 
 
 " ^?^. 
 
 
 • T t: IT T T ; •.. T 
 
 ' '^yp. 
 
 T T 
 
 - p3^. 
 
 ^^ Nif. ptcp. 

 
 172 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 Paraphrase of Othello (Ithiel)^ 
 Act v., sc. 2, 259. 
 
 See, a sword in my hand ! 
 
 A better than it thou hast not seen on warrior's thigh. 
 
 1 remember the days that with my sword that ^ is in 
 
 my hand 
 I clove me a path between twenty obstacles ^ like thee. 
 But in vain ^ do I boast now ; for the wheel has turned,^ 
 And who can reverse ^ its revolution ? Fear not me ! 
 And let not my sword scare thee ! Lo, I am come to 
 
 my end ! 
 Here is the limit of my life;^ here the shore to my ship ! 
 And wherefore, then, shouldst dread me? 
 Even at the shaking of a feeble reed 'Ithi'el would turn 
 
 backward ! 
 Nay, whither ^ am I to go ? 
 How can I look on thy face, victim of wrath,^ destroyed, 
 
 faded flower ! 
 Thy face is white as the snow, and thy flesh cold as the 
 
 ice! 
 When we shall stand in the judgment. 
 
 ' IT. 
 
 2 D^V^?. 
 
 ^ imS. 
 
 ' Nif 
 
 ' y\^, hif 
 
 ' ^b^- 
 
 ' Gr. p. 150 (c). 
 
 ' nipiyj,
 
 PIECES FOK COAIPOSITION. 173 
 
 Shall I not at the sight of thine eyes throAv myself from 
 
 heaven to the underworld, between evil angels? 
 Cursed art thou, treacherous slave ! 
 Come, ye ghouls and demons, smite me, hack ^ me to 
 
 pieces ! 
 That I may not look thither, towards the desire of ray 
 
 eyes! 
 Put my flesh in burning sulphur ! Scatter my dust to 
 
 the wind ! 
 And bring down my soul to streams of fiery torrents ! 
 Alas ! my wife ! my wife ! my dead ! 
 Woe's me ! woe's me ! 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Paraphrase of Othello^ 
 Act iv., sc. 2, 47. 
 
 that God had tried me with abundant distress and 
 
 disaster ! ^ 
 that he had rained on my head fire and brimstone (^<^ 
 
 from heaven ! 
 Given my substance to plundering,^ so that my bread 
 
 and my clothing I lacked ! 
 Or made me walk in captivity, without ^ a hope of the 
 
 future,^ 
 
 ' r\\m\ nnv, isa. xxx. 6. '' nn, from tt^. 
 
 ' D3N!l. * And hereafter, nnHwNt.
 
 174 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Still should I find comfort, still all my life (would be) 
 
 within me ! 
 But to set me up as a mark ^ for ttie arrows of scorn 
 
 and contumely,^ 
 To become a gazing-stock ^ all day long, and a laughing- 
 stock to every passer-by, — 
 Alas ! who could stand it ? 
 Yet even in an iron furnace ^ like that, may be ^ I could 
 
 play the man,^" and I should come forth purified. 
 But he hath destroyed the fountain ^^ from which are the 
 
 springs of my life ! ^^ 
 And my well, upon which I live, or cease to be, 
 Has become a well of alien trouble, full of scum ^^ and 
 
 abomination. 
 Therein the melting snaiP^ walks, and frogs leap^" 
 
 there, 
 And who can longer hope in this vale of misery?^® 
 
 ' r\'y2>f2. ' D^pl jyS, Psa. xliv. 14. 
 
 ' niN^, Eze. xxviii. 17. 
 
 T -: 1-7 
 
 ^*^ 1!3!l, hithpa. impf. pausal. 
 
 ^2 Pro. iv. 23, D-^n HI^VH^. 
 
 '^ Lam. iii. 45, Di^?^^ ^Hp. 
 
 " Psa. Iviii. 9. Sto^ snail. D^J^l melting, liquefactio. 
 (The passage in the Psalm is : k^rno shablul temes 
 yahalok, i.e., like the snail which departs a-melting '--= 
 perishes by melting.) 
 
 15 13-13. i« ni3y.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 175 
 
 And now, change thy visage/^ Patience, ^^ though thou 
 
 be young and fair as an angel of God, 
 And become hideous ^^ as an apostate ^^ spirit ! 
 
 '' Or, mah thy face fall. '^ njjy nS. 
 
 '' HNiib yn. 20 Tip. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 The Power of Imagination. 
 
 Hip. — 'Tis strange, my Theseus, that these lovers 
 
 speak of. 
 Thes. — More strange than true.^ I never may believe 
 These antique fables,^ nor these fairy toys. 
 Lovers and madmen have such seething brains,^ 
 Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend 
 More than cool reason ever comprehends. 
 The lunatic, the lover, and the poet,* 
 Are of imagination all compact:^ 
 
 ^ Things wonderful above the truth. 
 ^ Trifles of yore (Dlp'^S) a7id words of vanity like 
 these. 
 
 ^ For the spirit of the lover and the maniac i^r^P'O) 
 boils over much (^Sn), and their heart fashions vanities 
 (7iri) above all that a man of sense (73K^n) understands. 
 
 * The man pleasant of songs (Hn^^T 0"^^); or, the 
 singer., ^''5?^, pil. ptcp. 
 
 ° What are these if not seers of vanity and nothingness?
 
 176 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 One sees more devils^ than vast hell can hold;^ 
 
 That is the madman : the lover, all as frantic,^ 
 
 Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt : 
 
 The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,^ 
 
 Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven ; 
 
 And as imagination bodies forth ^° 
 
 The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen 
 
 Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing ^^ 
 
 A local habitation, and a name. — Shakespeare. 
 
 c DH??^; orig. lords (Assyr. demigods). 
 
 ^ Many above S/f'6l. 
 
 ^ n^ri, hif. ptcp. And this one wanders like his neigh- 
 bour^ and the brow (HV^) of the Egyptian is fair in his 
 eyes. 
 
 ^ The singer''s eye looks to the heaven above and to the 
 earth beneath^ Isa. li. 6; Gen. xv. 5 (Gr. p. 113), in his 
 exalted frenzy. 
 
 ^° When he sees in his heart . . . Gr. p. 152 (<i), then 
 he gives with his pen ipy^) a form to them. 
 
 ^^ And to a breath of nothingness he gives (impf.) a 
 place of dwelling and a name. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Puck. 
 
 Now the hungry lion roars, ^ 
 And the wolf behowls the moon ; 
 
 ^ A sound of roaring of hungry lion .
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 177 
 
 Whilst the heavy ploughman ^ snores, 
 All with weary task fordone.^ 
 
 Now the wasted ^ brands do glow, 
 Whilst the scritch-owl,^ scritching loud,^ 
 Puts the wretch '^ that lives in woe 
 In remembrance of a shroud. 
 
 Now it is the time of night, 
 That the graves all gaping wide 
 Everyone ^ lets forth his sprite 
 In the church-way^" paths to glide i*^ 
 
 And we fairies ^^ that do run 
 By the triple Hecate's team, 
 From the presence of the sun, 
 Following darkness like a dream, 
 
 Now are frolic : not a mouse ^^ 
 Shall disturb " this hallowed house : 
 
 ^ Man of the ground ; or I^J^. 
 
 ^ For with toil of his hands he is icearied ; or, wearied 
 in strength^ 113 y^^V 
 
 ' Burning; or, m ^Sm. ^ T^h. 
 
 ^ Shrilling ( /HllC, pi.) her voice. 
 
 ^ Reminds the reclining one whose heart is sad (i^53) 
 of the garments of the grave. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 50, line 1. ' Gr. p. 142, ad fin. 
 
 ^^ The field of the dead. 
 
 ^^ And we are sporting^ the runners of the chariot to 
 Ashtoreth threefold of form C^i^'n-n^^m). 
 
 '-' 1|?y. " py, affright. 
 
 13
 
 178 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 I am sent, with broom/*' before ^^ 
 
 To sweep ^^ the dust behind the door. — 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 16 
 
 
 5^D5^tO. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 Althaea^s Brand. 
 
 She has filled with sighing the city, 
 And the ways thereof with tears : 
 She arose, she girdled ^ her sides. 
 She set her face as a bride's : 
 She wept, and she had no pity :^ 
 Trembled, and felt no fears.^ 
 
 Her eyes were clear as the sun,^ 
 
 Her brows were fresh as the day:* 
 
 She girdled ^ herself with gold, 
 
 Her robes were manifold : 
 
 But the days of her worship " are done,*' 
 
 Her praise is taken away. 
 
 Cant. vi. 10; or, the brightness of her eyes as the 
 
 sun. 
 
 4 
 
 Job xli. 10, her eyelids like the dawn. 
 ^ ^T^<, hithpa. with accus. 
 " Isa. Ix. 20, dSk^. ' Honour.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 179 
 
 She set her hand to the wood,^ 
 
 She took ^ the fire in her hand : 
 
 As one who is nigh to death, 
 
 She panted with strange ^° breath : 
 
 She opened her lips unto blood," 
 
 She breathed,^^ and kindled the brand. ^^ 
 
 Atalanta in Calydon^ p. 82. 
 
 ' Piur. = firewood. ' nnn, nriPi\ 
 
 '' nr. " Plur. 
 
 T 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 From the Same. 
 
 For death is deep as the sea, 
 And fate ^ as the waves thereof. 
 Shall the waves take pity on thee. 
 Or the southwind offer thee love? 
 Wilt thou take ^ the night for thy day. 
 Or the darkness for light on thy way, 
 Till thou say in thine heart, Enough?^ 
 
 Behold thou art fair,^ thou art over wise ; 
 The sweetness of spring ^ in thine hair, and the light in 
 thine eyes. 
 
 ' Decree ir\rr\y) of God ; or 'pjl^n decrees. Or, [na^NI 
 destimction. 
 
 ' n'^l^l. ' nr\ ny. Gen. xviii. lo. 
 
 13*
 
 180 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 The light of the spring in thine eyes, and the sound in 
 
 thine ears; 
 Yet thine heart shall wax heavy with sighs, and thine 
 
 eyelids with tears. 
 Wilt thou cover * thine hair with ^ gold, and with silver 
 
 thy feet? 
 Hast thou taken the purple to fold thee, and made thy 
 
 mouth sweet ?^ 
 Behold, when thy face is made bare, he that loved thee 
 
 shall hate: 
 Thy face shall be no more fair at the fall of thy fate.® 
 For thy life shall fall as a leaf, and be shed ^ as the rain ; 
 And the veil of thine head shall be grief; and the crown 
 
 shall be pain. 
 
 * Cf. Eze. xvi. 10, et seq. « Gr. p. 133 (a). 
 ' Cf. Cant, V. 16; say, sweetened thy palate, "^H p^fl^H. 
 ® In the day thou art humbled (/$^) and fallest. 
 ' ^11^^:.; or ^SK^■,nif. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 From "J. Song in time of Revolution.'^ 
 
 The heart of the rulers is sick,^ and the high-priest 
 
 covers ^ his head : 
 For this is the song of the quick that is heard in the 
 
 ears of the dead. 
 
 ' Isa. i. 5. '2 Sam. xv. 30.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 181 
 
 The poor and the halt and the blind are keen^ and 
 
 mighty and fleet : 
 Like the noise of the blowing of wind is the sound of 
 
 the noise ^ of their feet. 
 
 They are smitten, they tremble^ greatly, they are 
 
 pained^ for their pleasant things;^ 
 For the house of the priests made stately,^ and the might 
 
 in the mouth of the kings. 
 
 They are grieved and greatly afraid; they are taken, 
 
 they shall not flee : 
 For the heart of the nations is made as the strength ^ of 
 
 the springs of the sea. 
 
 They were fair in the grace of gold, they walked with 
 
 delicate feet : ^° 
 They were clothed with the cunning of old,^^ and the 
 
 smell ^^ of their garments was sweet. 
 
 For the breaking of gold in their hair they halt ^^ as a 
 man made lame : 
 
 ^ Hab. i. 8, mn. ' tyyi. 
 
 ' Psa. vi. 4, Snia. « Sv . . . ^ nv. 
 
 ^ T'lX^ pSD, floored with cedar. 
 
 ^' Isa. iii. 16, ^r^ ^m i|iSn. 
 
 ^^ The work of the wise of old their clothing., Jer. x. 9. 
 
 ^- Gen. xxvii. 27. '' in, Gen. xxxi. 32.
 
 182 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 They are utterly naked ^* and bare; their mouths are 
 bitter with shame. ^^ 
 
 '' Mic. i. 8, nnyi hh)t^. 
 
 ^^ Shame is bitter i?i their mouth. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 From the Same. 
 
 But the arm of the elders is broken, their strength ^ is 
 
 unbound and undone : 
 They wait for a sign of a token ; they cry, and there 
 
 Cometh none. 
 
 Their moan is in every place, the cry of them filleth the 
 
 land: 
 There is shame in the sight of their face, there is fear 
 
 in the thews ^ of their hand. 
 
 They are girdled about the reins with a curse ^ for the 
 
 girdle thereon : 
 For the noise of the rending ^ of chains the face of their 
 
 colour ^ is gone. 
 
 For the sound of the shouting of men they are 
 grievously stricken at heart ; 
 
 ^ Their loins he hath loosened, Isa. xlv. 1. 
 
 '' Sinew, yi ' Psa. cix. 18, 19. 
 
 ^ Their faces pale, ^1^5^,^., Isa. xxix. 22.
 
 riECES FOK COMPOSITION. 183 
 
 They are smitten asunder with pain, their bones are 
 smitten apart. 
 
 There is none of them all that is whole ; their lips gape 
 
 open for ^ breath ; 
 They are clothed with sickness of soul, and the shape ^ 
 
 of the shadow of death. 
 
 ^ For lack of . . . 
 
 '' Psa. xliv. 20, with the shadow^ etc., are they covered ; 
 or, the shadow^ etc., is their covering. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 "/ am the Resu7Tection" 
 
 Then ^ when Jesus came, he found ^ that he had lain in 
 
 the grave four days already. 
 Now Bethany ^ was nigh unto Jerusalem, about ^ fifteen 
 
 furlongs^ off. 
 And many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary,*^ 
 To comfort them concerning their brother. 
 
 ^ 'n25'i^5'), with pf. ; or impf. with strong waw. 
 ^ Say, found him. 
 
 ^ fl^i^ ^1^'^ a hibra of ground (exact equivalent not 
 known). Gr. p. 132 (a); simple accus.
 
 184 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Then Martha, as soon as she heard that Jesus was 
 
 coming, went ' and met him ; 
 But Mary still sat ^ in the house. 
 Martha, then, said to Jesus, 
 Lord, if ^ thou hadst been here, my brother had not 
 
 died! 
 •But ^" even now I know ^^ that whatever thou shalt ask 
 
 of God, God will grant thee. 
 Jesus saith unto her, 
 Thy brother will rise again I 
 Martha saith unto him, 
 I know that he will rise in the resurrection ^^ at the last 
 
 day. 
 Jesus said unto her, 
 
 I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE. 
 
 He THAT BELIEVETH IN ME, EVEN IF ^^ HE HAVE DIED, 
 
 SHALL live! 
 And WHOSOEVER LIVETH and BELIEVETH IN ME SHALL 
 
 NEVER DIE. 
 
 Believest thou this? 
 She saith unto him, Yea,* Lord, 
 
 I have believed that thou art the Christ, the Son of 
 God, who was coming ^^ into the world. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 117, line 1. 
 
 ' Ptcp.; Gr. p. 149 (a). ' Gr. p. 158, 4. 
 
 ^« '^jX. " Pf.,Gr.p. 140,arf2mV. 
 
 ^^ n*nri reviving^ T\'G^'pT} rising ; rabb. synonyms. 
 
 '■' Gr. p. 158 (2). * D;?N*- 
 
 '' Ptcp.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 185 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Raising of the Widoiv^s son. 
 
 And it came to pass the day after, that ^ he went into a 
 
 city called ^ Nain : 
 And many of his disciples went with him, and much 
 
 people.^ 
 Now when he came nigh to the gate of the city, 
 Behold,^ there was a dead man being carried forth,^ an 
 
 only son to his mother, and she a widow; 
 And much people of ^ the city was with her. 
 And when'' the Lord saw her he had compassion ^ on her, 
 And said unto her. Weep not.® 
 And he came ^° and touched the bier. 
 And the bearers stopped.* 
 And he said. Young man, I bid thee, rise ! 
 And the dead sat up," and began to talk : 
 
 ^ Impf. with strong waw, Gr. p. 145, 1. 
 
 ^ And its name. 
 
 •^ 7n5 7rip a great gathering. 
 
 ■* Use waw. 
 
 •'"' Ptcp. act. = men were bearing. 
 
 ^ [^ belonging to . . . of origin; 1 Sam. i. 1. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 152 (d). 
 
 ' hv. D^H; impf. Din;. » Gr. p. 143, 1, note 1. 
 
 ^" Came near. ' Pf. in pause. 
 
 " Arose and sat.
 
 186 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 And he gave him to his mother. 
 
 And there came a fear on all, 
 
 And they glorified God, saying, 
 
 A ^^ great prophet hath arisen ^^ amongst us, 
 
 And God hath visited ^^ his people ! 
 
 '' Use '2; Gr. p. 162, 1, 2. 
 '' Both pfs., Gr. p. 139, 2. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 The Beatitudes and Woes. 
 
 And he lifted up his eyes upon his disciples, and said : 
 
 Blessed ^ are ye poor, 
 
 For yours is the kingdom of God ! 
 
 Blessed are ye that hunger now, 
 
 For ye shall be filled ! ^ 
 
 Blessed are ye that weep now, 
 
 For ye shall laugh ! 
 
 Blessed^ are ye when men shall hate you, 
 
 And when they shall ban * you, and reproach you, 
 
 And cast out your name as evil, 
 
 For the Son of Man's sake ! 
 
 Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy, 
 
 ^ ^*!^K, the bliss of the poor ! Use the 3 pers. in 
 the first three couplets. 
 
 ^ Satisfied. Use the pausal form. 
 
 3 Dpn.^'i<. ^ nnsn separate.
 
 PIECES FOll COMPOSITION. 187 
 
 For lo, your reward is great in the heavens ; 
 For such things did their fathers to the prophets. 
 
 But woe unto you the rich, 
 
 For ye have received your consolation. ° 
 
 Woe unto you that are full, 
 
 For ye shall hunger : 
 
 Woe unto you that laugh now, 
 
 For ye shall mourn and weep ! 
 
 Woe unto you when all men shall speak well ® of you, 
 
 For so did their fathers to the false prophets.' 
 
 But I say unto you that hear, 
 
 Love your enemies,* 
 
 Do good to those who hate you,* 
 
 Bless those who curse you,* 
 
 And pray for ^ those who deal * despitefully ^ with you. 
 
 ' ni2:^n;ri. « Praise. 
 
 ' Prophets of lying. * Ptcps. with suffix. 
 
 « ny? S^Snn. » nn^ oppressor. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 ^^ Jesus lives! Alleluia!" 
 
 Jesus lives I ^ no longer now 
 
 Can thy terrors, death, appal us; 
 
 1 1 
 
 n.
 
 188 HEBREW PRIMEK. 
 
 Jesus lives ! by this we know 
 
 Thou, grave, canst not enthral us.^ 
 
 Alleluia!'" 
 
 Jesus lives ! henceforth is death 
 
 But the gate of life immortal ; 
 This shall calm our trembling breath,^ 
 
 When we pass its gloomy^ portal. 
 
 Alleluia ! 
 
 Jesus lives ! for us He died ; 
 
 Then, alone ^ to Jesus livinsr, 
 Pure in heart may we abide, 
 
 Glory to our Saviour giving. 
 
 Alleluia ! 
 
 Jesus lives ! our hearts know well ^ 
 Nought from us His love shall sever;'' 
 
 Life, nor death, nor powers of hell ^ 
 Tear us from his keeping ever. 
 
 Alleluia ! 
 
 ^ Lead us captive^ J "^^^ "^5?^? Psa. Ixviii. 19. 
 
 ^ Therefore shall the breath of our fear be stilled 
 
 ^ Cf. turning of last clause. 
 
 ^ For Him and not for another. 
 
 ^ Say, we believe. 
 
 ^ Nought will divide between us and His love.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 189 
 
 Jesus lives ! to Him the throne 
 
 Over all the world is given ; 
 May we go ^ where He is gone, 
 
 Rest and reign with Him in heaven. 
 
 Alleluia ! Amen. 
 
 ' Gr. p. 159, N.B. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Evening Hymn. 
 
 God who ^ madest earth and heaven, 
 
 Darkness and light. 
 Who ^ the day for toil hast given, 
 
 For rest the night : 
 May thine angel guards defend us,^ 
 Slumber sweet thy mercy send us,^ 
 Holy dreams and hopes attend us,* 
 
 This live-lono^ nio;ht ! 
 
 Note. — Each stanza should form 62.2^ Hebrew lines. 
 
 ^ Thou. 
 
 ^ protect us with the watch of thine angels ! Psa. 
 v. 12; ^X, hif. 
 
 ^ Make sleep fall^ etc., in thy mercy. 
 
 * Send to us thoughts (C^yK^) of thy justice in visions^ 
 in the watches of the night. Job iv. 13.
 
 190 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Guide us waking,^ guard us sleeping, 
 
 And when we die, 
 May we ^ in thy holy keeping 
 
 All peaceful lie ! 
 When ^ the last ^ dread ^ call shall wake us. 
 Do not thou, our God, forsake us, 
 But to reign in glory take us. 
 
 With thee on high ! ^'^ 
 
 ^ !1, with inf. ^ Make us rest. 
 
 ' Begin with i^^'hi^. 
 
 ^ Tn the day of the trumpet. 
 
 ^ In the dreadful day., and u'ho can endure it I Gr. 
 p. 142, note ad hut. 
 
 ^° In the lofty places of the heights of thy heavens. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 "aSww of my Soul.''^ 
 
 Sun of my soul, thou Saviour dear,^ 
 It is not night if thou be near; ^ 
 may no earthborn ^ cloud arise, 
 To hide thee from thy servant's eyes ! 
 
 ' Begin, My beloved ! My Saviour ! 
 
 ^ At the brightness of thy rising darkness has fled. 
 
 ' Psa. X. 18.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 191 
 
 When the soft dews of kindly sleep 
 My wearied eyelids gently steep,* 
 Be my last thought how sweet to rest 
 For ever on my Saviour's breast.^ 
 
 Abide with me from morn till eve,® 
 For without thee I cannot live; 
 Abide with me when night is nigh. 
 For without thee T dare not die/ 
 
 If ^ some poor wandering child of thine 
 Have spurned to-day the voice divine. 
 Now, Lord, the gracious work begin. 
 Let him no more lie down in sin. 
 
 Watch by the sick,^ enrich the poor 
 With blessings from thy boundless store ;^'' 
 Be every mourner's sleep to-night 
 Like infant's " slumbers, pure ^^ and light. 
 
 * When pleasant sleep has fallen upon m,y eyelids^ 
 Gently descending like the dev> upon grass. 
 
 ° that{Gr. p. 1 60, ad init.) then I might say in my heart. 
 How happy to repose (]v) in my Saviour's breast 
 (p''n)ybr ever I Psa. cxxxiii. 1.. 
 
 « ^m ny twUight. 
 
 '' Terrors of death will fall upon me. Psa. Iv. 5. 
 ® Interrog. ; Hath a man rejected . . .? 
 
 Like a perverse {^2"^) son {that) chooseth not to hearken. 
 ' tJ^3«, nif 
 
 ^'^ From the ivealth of the storehouse of the fulness of 
 thy blessings. 
 
 " pr, ptcp. '2 Without sin.
 
 192 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Come near, and bless us, when we wake, 
 Ere through the world our Avay we take;^^ 
 Till in the ocean of thy love 
 We lose ourselves in heaven above ! ^'^ 
 
 ^^ When we go forth to our works until evening. Gr. 
 p. 37 {a). 
 
 ^^ And in our end (HnnX) may we rejoice (^i3y, hithpa.) 
 in the abundance of thy love^ 
 In the greatness of the delights of thy heaven ! 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 Reading from the Pirke Ahhoth. 
 
 nm [K^Ji m:i px^ n \rr\y^_ ^^h xn nri« p^i 
 (?)*^^iM nm |«^i ^nnnp snatp^ (?)n5<3 j\s*^ 
 
 " Reflect on three things ; rabb. =■ Heb. 7^5^n. 
 
 * *Sm, lit., transgression; rabb. 
 
 " 'athid litten = daturus es, tliou ai^t going to give. 
 'athid = ready, litten, rabb. = latheth. 
 
 '^ Reckoning., account. 
 
 ^ From an unclean germ (lit., foul drop).
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 193 
 
 VI \rh ynvi ^n^^ 't2 '^^h) nySini /nan nsy DipxsS 
 
 (?) ppn] 
 J H)n "^ina syhi'pn d^dS^h ^;?^;b "^jS^ *;j$S 
 
 / T - T ^ T 
 
 ny^:^ nan xsn oSiyn ^*n hbt2 nn oSip D^nib 
 
 / Both words mean worm. 
 ^ T]^1 to be like. 
 
 T T 
 
 ^ IlpoOvpov^ porticus, vestibule. 
 
 ^ Prepare^ hif. \\^'^', rabb. use. 
 
 ' Enter., nif. D^3; rabb. use. 
 
 *" Triclinium = palace or dining-hall. 
 
 ** ^n Aowr. " Repentance. 
 
 ^ Refrigerium animi, refreshing of the spirit; rabb. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 The Value of the Law. 
 Rabbi Yose ben Qisma ^ said : 1 was ^ once travelling 
 
 * Use n^ri, with pi. ptcp. of "^Sh. 
 
 14
 
 194 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 on the road,^ and met * a man who saluted ^ me with, 
 Peace, and I returned^ his salutation. He then said 
 unto me, Eabbi, whence art thou?^ I answered him, 
 I come^ from a great city abounding in sages and 
 scribes. He then said to me, If^ thou art willing to 
 dwell with us in our city, I will give thee thousands of 
 gold dinars, besides diamonds and pearls. Whereupon 
 I answered him, If thou wouldst give ^ me all the silver 
 and gold, diamonds and pearls, that are in the world,* 
 I would not ^^ dwell save ^^ in a place ^^ where the law is 
 studied ; for thus is it written * in the Book of Psalms," 
 
 ^ In the road ; pausal form. 
 
 * All these verbs are pfs. with waw. Say, and there 
 met me one man, and gave me peace, and I returned to 
 him peace. Returned, ^I^JD? fj'OHi the Chald. use. 
 
 ^ r\m Dip;p nrx^?. 
 
 ^ From a great city of icise men, etc., / (pausal pron.). 
 Of expressed by bp, a very common rabb. pt. = ? + ^ 
 
 ' Say, Thy pleasure {\\T\) that thou divell ("inri^) with 
 us, in our place, and I, I will give thee a thousand of 
 thousands in dinars Cl^"''^) of gold, and goodly stones, 
 and pearls (niv^*!^, cf. papyapiTTf). 
 
 ^ Ptcp. = about to give. 
 
 " D7iy!l^ which (are) in the world. 
 
 " xWs*, rabb. from Chald. = xS-D«. 
 ^^ A place of law. 
 
 * Ptcp. m. '* ^'h^^ "Ifip.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 195 
 
 by^^ David, king of Israel, ^etttv^^ is t^v lato'^ to me 
 tijan tijousantJs of goia anU silbcr.'^ Besides,^^ at the 
 time of man's departure from this world, he is not^^ 
 accompanied either by silver or gold, by diamonds or 
 pearls, but by the law and by good deeds only,^*' as it is 
 written,^^ Wi'^tn'^^ tijou iualliest it si)an leaU tijce, h)i)Ctt 
 tijott Imt Uoirnt it sljall iuatci^ obcr tijee, antr toijcn ti^ou 
 atoafeest^^ it si^all talft toiti^ fi)tt.^' "When thou walkest 
 it shall lead thee," that is, in this world; "when thou 
 liest down it shall watch over thee," that is, in the 
 grave ;^^ and "when thou awakest it shall talk with 
 thee," in the future world.^^ And it is said,^^ ST^e 
 
 '' 'X ^^- '' Gr. p. 137, 1. 
 
 -^^ Law of thy mouth. ^'' Pausal form. 
 
 ^^ And not, further, is it the case that, at the hour of 
 his departure, i.e., of man, QtQ. inTp3 ny^'3^ liy N7l 
 Cli^ 7^. ny^ = moment^ in Daniel ; Arab, sa'at, hour, 
 Petira is rabb. 
 
 ^^ Use p^?, and ptcp. pi. of HP = cleave to . . , rabb. 
 Say, cleave not to him, i.e., to man, not (lo') silver and 
 gold, etc. 
 
 ^^ Nif. pf. 3 sing. m. with -^ prefixed. 
 
 "^ Inf. hithpa. with prefix and suffix, Gr. p. 152 {d). 
 
 " "Pp, pf. hif with waw con v. 
 
 2^ '^n''b'Jl (rfb') ; use pausal forms. 
 
 T - T ^ T 
 
 ^" Ptcp., and one saith to me ; impers. use. 
 
 14*
 
 196 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 stlbtT is mintf anU tijc goW is mm, sattii^^ tljc ILorD of 
 
 2'' DX5 = utterance, oracle. Constr. of unused abs. 
 DIXi uttered. 
 
 XL. 
 
 Beading from the Pirke Ahhoth. 
 
 ^"^^ "^Wl ^h^ 'W n!?i5<ri ^Dni^a '^n™ y^'^x 
 
 : - • • : ••:/••■ t • 
 
 '^♦pxri-oy /W 'T|'p^i^ ^^^ >^B^ 
 
 ♦Tpn ^'^iW "^iWi ^W 'W 
 
 •y^-) /W ^V^i ^W "^V^ 
 
 " Heb., measure; rabb., mores, dispositions, natures, 
 characters. 
 
 * T'TAa^ 25 mm« es mzTze, or what I have is mine. 
 " Middle, between the extremes of bad and good. 
 "^ Common people. 
 ' Temperaments. 
 / Easy. 
 
 ^ To be pleased ; here to he appeased, pacified ; pi. in 
 rabb. = to pacify.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION, 197 
 
 m-j? n^p] Diy5^ n^p -n;)^? Mip^n j^v' 
 
 •T^Dn m'h r\):) Dip':' n^p -nD^jri!! h^sr ^<^f* 
 
 •VK'-) ^ni^iS riK^p^ Diy:pS n^ij 
 
 i^ih n^pi yi23?y^ n^n^ *)^^p^ npijn k^) 
 ♦ Vl p'?n IT iz^h y^^'^ v^^pb HK'p -nito pSn ir 
 
 * Hif. inf. of "1D3 ^fo /6>5^, corrupt^ destroy. " His loss 
 goes away (= disappears through) his gain." 
 
 * To forget. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 The Almsgiver and the Student. 
 
 Four dispositions are found among those who give 
 alms.^ Tliere is he who is willing to give,^ but^ icho 
 does not wish others to give ; he has an evil eye * 
 towards others. There is he who ivishes others to give,^ 
 
 ^ He who is willing that he may give, ptcp. of M^'l, 
 followed by • ^ and impf. 
 
 ^ Simply N7I, and impf. 3 pi. 
 
 ^ Say, his eye evil; 7^5 = in what belongs to = as 
 regards = towards; rabb. 
 
 ^ These and the following verbs are all impf. t^ini 
 sed ipse.
 
 198 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 but who will not give ^ himself ; he has an evil eye 
 towards himself.^ He who is willing to give,^ and wishes 
 others to give,^ is pious. He who neither gives ^ 
 himself^ nor wishes others to give./ is wicked. 
 
 Four dispositions are found among those who go to 
 college.^ There is he who goes, but does not^ work; 
 the reward of going is all he gets.^ There is he who 
 works, but does not go; he gets the reward of work. 
 He who goes and works is pious. He who neither goes 
 nor works is wicked. 
 
 Four dispositions are found among those who sit for 
 instruction before the wise : the sponge, and the funnel, 
 the strainer, and the sieve. ^^ The sponge is ^^ that 
 which sucks in ^^ everything ; the funnel, that which 
 takes ^^ in at one end,^* and gets rid of ^^ at the other ; 
 the strainer is what gets rid of the wine, but retains ^^ 
 the lees;^^ and the sieve is that which gets rid of the 
 bran,^^ but retains the flour.^^ 
 
 ^ tJ^'nnteri rr'S house of study ^ rabb. 
 ® pNI, with suffix, followed by ptcp. 
 ^ The reward of going (n^vil) is in his hand. 
 '' :i13p, cf. cTTToyyoy. "^S^^, fr. ^32J' to pour. H W^p, 
 pi. ptcp. of "1^^ to keep. HS^, fr. 5)^^ to shake. 
 
 Ptcp. hif. of D53 to gather^ with prefix 'p. 
 iT5 . . . in, Gr. p. 42(a). '' Hif. ptcp. of NX!- 
 
 '' toSp, ptcp. f. '' Dn^^. 
 
 nW (in Heb. meal). '' rhb.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 199 
 
 XLIL 
 
 Fruits of the Study of the Laic. 
 
 y T - .. 
 
 " Rabb. to study. * For its own sake. 
 
 " Heb. to he pure ; rabb. to have merit^ deserve ; 
 lidh^bharim harbe, is deserving of much. 
 
 '^ And not only so^ but (that) all the world is under 
 obligation to him. 
 
 ' Rabb. n + 5 = sufficient ; sufficient is he for it. 
 
 f Maq6in, place, in rabb. = God, as containing all in 
 Himself. 
 
 ^ Creatures, from X"!^, Heb. 
 
 ^ Hif. ptcp. f. ; a?id it (i.e., the law) invests him with 
 humility and reverence, etc.; dupl. accus., Gr. p. 134, 
 line 6. 
 
 ^ IK'S, late in Bibl., to be proper, fit, suitable ; hif. = 
 to make fit.
 
 200 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^in^^i'^^pi ^Ntpnn-p nnprii??^ j^j^fji v ypn pnv 
 r\i)2y) ny^ n^tr^im nvy ^liDD " m:) "' nor nh 
 
 / . T : T • T ■ : T ■• V ■ I • v: IV ; / : " • 
 
 "'n 'h ^p^^tji ^p_ ^^)pr\] nS^"^£5i n)^ht$ 'h n;™ 
 
 mm 
 
 in^ibn^i in'?^^^:^ ^^ijjis^r'^i? "^hm^ "nn i|>sii y^^v 
 
 ^ Pi. ptcps. 
 
 "* ^7z<i bikings Mm nigh to virtue [roorth^ desert^ merits 
 in rabb.). 
 
 " Nif. ptcp. pi. from H^n, Chald. to be useful; = and 
 men gain from him counsel, etc. 
 
 " Equals quod dictum est, as it is said. 
 
 ^ Scrutiny of judgment — - reasoning potcer (Heb. IpH 
 to search out). 
 
 ^ Pi. ptcp., a7id men reveal = and ar^e revealed. 
 
 *" 1*1, Chald. a secret. 
 
 ' To cut off., to cease., rabb. 
 
 ' Bibl. to be strong. 
 And becomes., Chald. impf. of T\yr\ (Heb. ri^H) with 
 waw ; and he goes on and becomes modest. 
 
 Ruali = Ovfio^i here passion, 'erekh ruali = slow 
 to anger. 
 
 "^ yH^, rabb. to forgive. 
 
 ^ jiS/y, rabb. force., wrong., injury. 
 
 ' Works of God, i.e., things.
 
 PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 201 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 Tlie Great Accompt. 
 
 Rabbi 'El'azdr Haqqappdr saith, Envy, lust, and 
 ambition,^ take^ men out of this world. He used to 
 say. The born^ are doomed^ to die, and the dead to 
 revive,^ and the revived^ to be judged;® to know,^ to 
 make known, to learn,^ that He is God, He the Fashioner, 
 He the Creator, He the All-wise,^ Pie the Judge, the 
 Witness, the Prosecutor,^'' destined ^^ to judge hereafter. 
 Blessed be He in whose ^^ presence there is no^^ un- 
 righteousness, no forgetfulness, no respect of persons, 
 no acceptance of bribes. And know that all things 
 happen according ^^ to the account; and let not thy 
 imagination^^ assure ^^ thee that the unseen world is a 
 
 ^ li!33 glory. 
 
 '- Ptcp. hif of XV! to go out. 
 
 ^ ^"h", ' Gv. p. 152, ad fin. 
 
 ^ Simply to live; the living. 
 
 ' inS, nif. inf. contr. from [nn^. 
 
 7 ^yh = common nynS. « Nif. inf. of H!- 
 
 ^ Hif. ptcp. of p5 to discern. 
 
 '" n ^^^5, Gr. p. 129, ad fin. 
 
 ^^ "I^nS? ready., with gerund. 
 
 12 \'m ...^', double negative. 
 
 '^ '^h. '' ^t.^ Gen. viii. 21. 
 
 '' Hif. impf. with suffix, n^X
 
 202 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 house of refuge for thee : since of necessity ^^ wast thou 
 fashioned/'' and of necessity wast thou born;^' and of 
 necessity thou art living, and of necessity must thou 
 die; and of necessity must^'^ thou hereafter submit to 
 trial and account before the supreme King of Kings, 
 the Holy One, blessed be He ! 
 
 ^^ '^n")3"7y = te invito ; *n'l3~7y me invito, etc. ; a 
 very common rabb. phrase. nn^H coegit, he forced. 
 
 ^' Ptcps.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH 
 
 GLOSSARY.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 K 
 
 '2,'i^ father. *nx, V5«, 
 DH^lnX, sing. c. suff. ; 
 ^nnx, pi. id. 
 
 *T5^ ^^ W7as lost^ strayed^ 
 perished. ^"1?^^*!, impf. 
 3 pi. c. waw conv. ; 
 pniNh, impf. 2 pi. m. 
 pausal. 
 ]n5^i^ destruction 
 
 75^? r?ic»wrmrz^ (for dead), 
 m. 
 
 755<, /5i<,l'. mourn 
 
 [IK a5ifowe,f. D^;n^f,^inNl 
 
 pl« rfw5^. p?x;.,iiif.impf. 
 p!lJ<ri, inf. c. to wrestle; 
 cf. luctari. 
 
 ^nx mighty^ poet. 
 
 DnX man; coll., C^XH. 
 (2) « ??zan, esp. homo, 
 common man 
 r\'!T]^ ground. Wl^, c. 
 
 ' suff. 
 
 ]nX owner, dominus. 
 *^^^f /S/r, and 'Tli^, 
 intens. pi.; last = com- 
 mon title of God. 'riih 
 
 nnX Noqal. n-^Xi, nif. 
 ptcp.c.old gen.ending, 
 great, glorious, poet. 
 n'!!'^X a cloak 
 
 nriwNt he loved. T\'2T\^, 
 ger. inf.
 
 206 HEBREW 
 
 7riX in hif. to shine 
 
 ■ 7I^^{ tent^ m. ri/nxn, ace. 
 aft. V. of motion ; vHi:^ 
 
 1^{ or 
 
 2i^{ soothsayer ;'2) demon 
 
 n^1^< {causes), "N-Sy be- 
 cause of, for sake of 
 
 v^K perhaps 
 
 rh^^ hut {\) 
 
 \^y^ wheel 
 
 P^< to hurry, hasten 
 
 nix to shine, ^iixh, hif. 
 
 • T : 7 
 
 inf. ger., to give light, 
 ? ; "^^.^l (^"f^d he lightened 
 or brightened, c. obj. 
 nssi), hif. juss. 
 
 m^{ fofa (f.), espec. of 
 power, wonder,(n]ijL€Loi> 
 
 N.T. "•n^n^^, pi. c. sufF. 
 ^nix, ^n)i^, ^ijniw^, etc., 
 
 see HNt 
 
 TNI then, adv. temp. TN^ 
 from the time (lohen), 
 ever since, of yore 
 
 1T« in hif. jnxr) he hear- 
 kened 
 
 PRIMER. 
 
 ])}!< ear, f. D^JJX ears, 
 du. ; ^JTi<, constr. 
 
 hithpa. gird oneself 
 m brother, 'm^ ""^'m, 
 
 vnx, ^rix, vn.si, etc., 
 
 see Gr. p. 65. 
 
 mriK sister, inhx 7^25 §.; 
 
 see Gr. p. 65. 
 
 *l^^!» o?ze. in{<, constr. ; 
 
 nnx, f. 
 
 inx Ag grasped, seized. 
 THi^l, imper. a/zc? sezVe.' 
 pi. sAwi, shut off 
 
 T\Vr\^ possession 
 
 "inx another. H^inx, f. 
 (dag.impl.in n); Dnni<, 
 
 nnnx,asiffromnnx. 
 Cf. m 
 
 *ln^ after (lit. back), af- 
 terwards. *1D^!» ^/^^'N 
 behind, loc. and temp.; 
 
 nnw>{, vnn«, etc. 
 
 pini< next, hinder 
 ^J< island, sea-coast 
 
 n^X he opposed, air. 2m 
 foe, adversary 
 
 n*X whei^ef i*X z/;A6re 
 (is) AeP
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 207 
 
 U'^^ sea-coasts 
 
 h\H ram. nh^ pi. 
 
 7^K strong; pi. chiefs^ 
 nobles 
 
 nS»X hind 
 
 T T - 
 
 Tyjy^ terror ^dread. riH^'^J^ 
 id. (old ace. like HH'!!^, 
 
 |^i< where! |^t<^ whence! 
 
 j^5< 720 f, nothing (akin to 
 last word). j^{<, eonstr. 
 
 J^X a?26? zy (</ww wilt) 
 
 not 
 
 ^*'^ a man, vir, as op- 
 posed to DIX homo. 
 
 Vnx ^6> (?ac/i (?^A^?', in- 
 ter se. 
 
 |^l"'^^ continuance, prim- 
 ness, strength 
 
 '^ii onli/,modo ; 2)surely, 
 profecto 
 
 h^^ he ate. h:2i<\ impf. 
 SpN^ and h^i<\ pans. 
 ':'bxS, ger. inf. ; t ^3^ 
 = 73X^, pu. ptcp. 
 
 ■7i< ne, fjLy, (do) not, pro- 
 hibitive 
 
 7^5 6^(?(i. In prose usu. 
 with some defining 
 adjunct, e.g., 'el shad- 
 day 
 
 "7^^ to, unto. vX, p. 
 ^Sx, vSnI, D5^^^f, see 
 'Gr. p. 48, 5. 
 
 nS« 6^0^, poet. U'rh^ 
 
 gods, pi. intens., (76>g? 
 
 nksi /A^5^. ':'{s*n, id. c. 
 
 art. ; usu. H ?xri 
 
 ji/K a!?z oah 
 
 c^^ dumb 
 
 ^7^ <2 thousand. ^$?5<, 
 constr. pi. 
 
 D&«t mother. 1SX Azs ?n. 
 
 "DX if, when 
 
 n^{< handmaid. i^H^X 
 
 ^i123^? firmness ; (2) /a/^A- 
 fulness, truth, honour 
 
 ]b'^ prop up. p^Xn, hif., 
 c. 5, ^/'W5? m, c. 7, be- 
 lieve ; f ^^f,!, impf. ; nif. 
 >X!1 was firm, sure
 
 208 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 nJ^X truly 
 
 ^D5< he said. ^Di<\impf. 
 ^I2iik^\ c. waw conv., 
 npS\ npXh., pausal; 
 nk^S, ger. inf. ; nbJJ, 
 imp.; IpX!*., nif. impf. 
 s/m^/ he called 
 
 n^5< irz«#/i, sincerity^ good 
 faith 
 
 ^^'y^ mortal man^ poet. 
 
 ^^i^? groaning^ sighing 
 
 ^;^5 /. ^iix id. 
 
 *iX fleet^ ship 
 
 Um^ See ^'^«. 
 
 T'pi^ boimd^ prisoner 
 
 P|D5< A^ scraped, gathered. 
 P]DX!l i(;(25 gathered, as- 
 sembled, 'mr^^ ^DX,!'. 
 /id shall join his people, 
 i.e., shall die. ^BJ^^H, 
 pi. ptcp. ^/id rearguard 
 (as gathering up strag- 
 glers) 
 
 tj5:? also,even. f]t<n num 
 etiam ? 
 
 t|NI nose. S)S5!? nostrils, 
 nose; (2) anger. ^SX 
 7wy . . . 
 
 D''p''fiX channels, brooks 
 
 DS{< 6>72/y, restrictive adv. 
 "•S D35S> hoioever,ti\xa&[i 
 
 v^NI (szc?^) wear, &gszc?d 
 
 nS'nX locust, coll. 
 
 ^i5'^^? floodgates 
 
 'j^y\^ four,i. mT\^ forty 
 
 \r\l$ chest, Ark (of the 
 Covenant) 
 
 nrili< caravan 
 
 IT ; 1 
 
 •^inx to be long. yi^^Q, 
 hif il, he prolonged, 
 lengthened D*^) Zzje (of 
 God granting long life, 
 and of living long) 
 
 length. With D^p) 
 = always 
 
 f, ear^/?, Z(27zc/, 7^, 
 terra, fl^f^i, c. art.; 
 
 nvn^t, *n^>;< ^(? the 
 
 earth, yafia^e, after 
 verb of motion
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 209 
 
 ^'li^ he cursed. Cf. dpa. 
 nxri, impf. 2 s. ; HnNI, 
 prec. imp. ; J ^^'^\ hof. 
 impf. 
 
 m fire, f. 
 
 n^'X woman. HK'X, cstr. 
 ^ri^J:^ ?7zy wife; ^m, 
 'PI pL, see Gr. p. 65. 
 
 n'lbp'NI a icatch (of the 
 nio;ht 
 
 '^^^^ (place, Assyr. asru), 
 indecl. part, marking 
 relat. clauses, ^^^f^ 
 where ? '^??'^^5 as, so 
 as, when 
 
 n.^X Miss of .. .! ex- 
 clamation 
 
 nm constr. of r\m wo- 
 man, wife, n. f.; c. suff. 
 
 r\H, -asi, c. sufF. ^ni<; 
 
 mark of obj. of trans, 
 verb (= old n. mean- 
 ing existence) 
 
 m, -n«, c. suff. ^m; 
 
 prep, luith, /lera, ^vv, 
 cum. nxp from, airo. 
 
 nrii< ^/iczf, pron. 2 m. ; 
 pi. DJ^lt:? you, ye, m. 
 
 |in5< she-ass 
 
 5 xVz, ^?/, ?/?z7A, instr. 13, 
 ^i3, [n!p, c. suff. ; for, 
 at (of price) 
 
 135 garment. n;i3, V1^5 
 
 15 j9ar/. l^l' a part, 
 separately, alone ; ^^4? 
 by itself 
 
 Sin In nif. SinJ /^e 56- 
 parated himself; "OI^T^ 
 imp. pi. nif. to separate 
 
 ^m emptiness 
 
 Snn No qai. Snn; ^c^ 
 
 shake, quake for fear 
 
 nbn^ cattle, coll. nans, 
 
 constr. ; in^O?? with 
 suff'. 
 
 15
 
 210 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Xi!l to go. X!l, HwSS, pf. 
 Xii;,Nn;i,impf.; «;3*i, 
 hif. impf. (also 1X^3*1); 
 V\'i<'1ir^\ hif. impf. 3 
 s. f. 
 
 ^13 pit. JTlSn into the 
 pit. ^I^n n''5 /wMse of 
 dungeon = prison 
 
 TT3 Ae spoiled 
 
 ins Ae c/icsg. in5\ c. 5 
 
 riD5 ^rw-si^, confidence., se- 
 curity 
 
 P5 between 
 
 |''5 ^t> distinguish^ un- 
 derstand. l''2n, hif., 
 ^0 explain; nif. #o ^^ 
 intelligent; pi^r^'! hith- 
 pal. perceive., see 
 
 ri^5 house., m. 7^*5, cstr. 
 nn^3 m^c . . . 
 
 T l" 
 
 n^3 ;c> zi*^^^:*. 135*1, impf. 
 c. waw con v., "^^l*!, id. 
 shortened form ; H^lS, 
 ptcp. 
 
 "li^S firstborn., firstling 
 
 "•^J^ weeping 
 
 nrip5 terror., poet. 
 
 V5 nothing., not. v?P 
 
 n^''75 nothing 
 ^73 Ag swallowed. y?5! 
 
 ^ri^5 720?. DX "^5 non si 
 = nisi, except., unless. 
 "•ri/i? so as not., c. inf. 
 
 [5 son. "15, *i?5, ir-, 
 D^;i3,^;?5; see Gr. p. 65. 
 
 niS /ie built. \2.% impf. 
 shortened, with waw 
 conv. 
 
 Dp55 See Dli 
 
 IllsyS /or ^/ie .sa^-g {?/, in 
 order that 
 
 "1^3 around^ over 
 
 lyS f<? 5?^r?2, trans, and 
 intr. in, ptcp.; iy?\ 
 impf. 
 
 TV? = ^^n? 
 1*V? vintage 
 yV5 i?^'^2/5 ^<^^'^
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 211 
 
 57p3 he deft^ clove. Nif. 
 reflex, and pass. ; yW^I 
 pi. impf. and he cleft 
 (wood) 
 
 T\^^\>'^ a valley 
 
 1M ox, coll. oxen. Dp1p5 
 your oxen 
 
 1p5 morning 
 
 JJ^j5!l {^i.oWp':i)he sought 
 after, ^^y^ ™pf- c- 
 waw con v., followed 
 by ger. inf. 
 
 15 pure ; (2) cor?z 
 
 N'13 Ae made, created. 
 
 ir\y 
 
 ni3 to flee. Impf. A; 
 ^J$D from . . . 
 
 Nn| fat 
 
 n^'lS fleeing 
 
 ri''*!^ covenant 
 
 "^13 ^(9 ^72^^/. "^I^, pi. 
 fo ^/^S5; impf. *^*!^^1; 
 pu. ptcp. "^1^^ 
 
 "^^5 ^7266. d:3^5, du. 
 
 riD'l^ gift, present. ''TS'T^, 
 c. sufF. 
 p*!!! lightning 
 ^m flesh 
 
 *12?^5 pi- ^^ ^^^^ ^006? news, 
 c. ace. of recipient 
 
 ri5 daughter. IDS, etc. 
 c. sufF., see Gr. p. 107. 
 
 Dv^nS maidenhood 
 
 njJ^i majesty, pride 
 
 \m id. 
 
 7i<5 ^(? ranso7n ; 2) rescue 
 T\\2^ high 
 rri^^l prowess 
 
 *l3il A^rc*, soldier 
 ^5^ ^(9 conquer. 7 
 
 15'
 
 212 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 7n5 great 
 niS^'^il jeers 
 n^ kid 
 
 7"l|l to grow up. Impf. A 
 5)'15 to m.och^ jeer at 
 n*l*l5 fence 
 
 *iil nation 
 
 n^lwl a body 
 ^lil <(? sojourn 
 
 -T 1 
 
 * T 
 
 N)^ valley 
 
 n?! to lay bare, disclose ; 
 (2) to fte e^eVec? 
 
 775 to roll. iS^^I ^726? 
 ^Aey ti56<i to ro?/ 
 
 7^5 to 6?c) to <2?zc>#Agr(good 
 or evil) 
 
 7^5 camel. D^7^5 
 
 ^55 to stoa/. Pu. z^as 
 stolen; (2) brought by 
 stealth 
 
 n7y5 rebuke 
 
 vine. 
 
 *5S5 
 
 ri''7S5 brimstone 
 
 75 foreigner (resident)., 
 ptcp. of 715 
 
 [75 threshingfloo7% corn- 
 floor 
 
 2^75 to d'?^z'ye o?/^, and so 
 
 "T ' 
 
 pi. tJ^75"*. c?nue (2?/7a?/, 
 or /(9?^^/i 
 
 D^l ram, shower 
 
 pyi to cleave to; hif., 
 Ao^/y pursue 
 
 7!17 ?(;orc?, 5 tor?/, eiJ^/i^. 
 
 n!i7 
 
 717 In pi. 7!37 Ae spoke. 
 
 057573 ^5 ye said, 
 inf. constr.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 213 
 
 1^*1 plague^ pestilence 
 tJ^^"^ Jioney 
 
 T\ a fish 
 T\yi fish^ coll. 
 
 in uncle 
 
 'in generation, age. m^'l, 
 
 Dnii 
 
 jn to judge. ]% ptcp. 
 
 i^^'l No qal. Pi. cn^5^ 
 
 ''yi_ roaring. D^p"^, c. 
 suff. 
 
 /I. poor, weak. ^'y% 
 
 pi. 
 
 rh'l draw water. T^jllPt) 
 impf. 2 pi. f. 
 
 V*! bucket 
 
 D1 ^;/oo^ 
 
 ni^"l likeness 
 
 D^"! ^(9 oe silent, still, 
 dumb. ni\ pi. W^. 
 (Aram, form) ; Dil, 
 imper. starid still 
 
 ntt^l silence 
 
 T T : 
 
 nyi knoiiiedge (inf. cstr. 
 
 of yn:) 
 
 ^p'l to pierce 
 
 Ij*!*! f(? ^gyzfZ (a bow) 
 
 '^'I'l a ?^c>(2C?, way^ journey 
 
 5<^'l grass, esp. young 
 N^"^ to sjt?row^. Hif. id. 
 [e^-n to6e/<2if 
 i^i^'l /ig anointed 
 
 n 
 
 nin ^2V6, ^ra?/ / C(??7ie ! 
 
 nn\ !an, pi. 
 
 7^n nothingness (breath) 
 inn ornament, majesty 
 
 rmn id. 
 
 Nin /i^, ^Aa?. In Pent 
 also she 
 
 "iVTy he became, was. *n^, 
 juss. ; ^'^^3 
 
 72)^'^ temple, palace
 
 214 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^n|ri See n:Dj 
 
 pri inf. abs. hif. of pS 
 to fix; steadfastly^ mo- 
 tionless 
 
 "^/H he walked^ went. '^T 
 impf. ; "Tl?*^ and he went^ 
 ^5 7*1; njll?^ weioillgo; 
 
 r\^^ limii go; '^Sxri 
 
 shall Igof ^^7 go thou., 
 f.; *ri?\l, hif imp. s. f. 
 to^e away! 1^7 ^o y^/ 
 ^^71, paus. ; "^Sn. ^726? A^ 
 made go., brought 
 
 7}>T\ to praise^ pi. Pu. 
 ptcp. = praiseworthy., 
 laudandus 
 
 D/H hither 
 
 n^n, ri/^n,^ murmur., roar 
 
 D^ri /6» c?rzu^, r^M^. 511*1 ; 
 D&ri»1, c. suff. 
 
 riiiri thither., hither 
 
 n^n /^/ ^>eA(?Zi.^ *33n, 
 
 : *^j3n, paus., behold me! 
 here am I ! 
 
 ?n to turn., overturn. 
 "^bn*; ^3^ri*"! and were 
 changed ? zVi^o; *2l3hn, 
 ptcp. c. old gen. ending 
 
 T\'2^'n overthrow 
 ^n MIL mountain. 0*111, 
 
 ' • T ' 
 
 pi. 
 
 ^"in to hill, ^hn*, impf 
 Dill to pull down. Din* 
 
 ' nt^irf 
 
 ri5T to sacrifice 
 n^l sacrifice 
 nj ^/i/5, m. 
 
 IT this^ m. and f. ; also 
 as rel. which
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 215 
 
 ilT to flow. n^T, ptcp. 
 f. constr. 
 
 n2lT, nsr to he pure 
 
 ■^51, ^3T to he pure 
 
 *)DT ^6) remember. Impf. 
 0; in nif. to he men- 
 tioned 
 
 "l^jf memory^ remem- 
 brance 
 
 |i^2T memorial 
 
 TTp] song, poet. 
 
 T T 
 
 tpt <^^<^- *i?p!? constr. 
 
 ^T strange, foreign. rTHT 
 unlawful, f. 
 
 ynj seec?. "^yiT thy pos- 
 terity 
 
 yiT ?o 5(?i(7. Hif. #0 6ear 
 
 7in a /mg 
 
 p^n in pi. to embrace 
 
 ^J'iO ^<? bind on, saddle. 
 
 mr^., impf. 
 jjn ^6> ^^ep a feast. yr\\, 
 
 impf. 
 
 "in sharp 
 7"in to cease. 7'iri.^, impf. 
 
 ^in to (ir<2zy a circle (air) 
 
 h)n to shudder. Pil. S^^H 
 to hri7ig on travail 
 
 /in sand 
 
 y)r\ outside, m^fin, pi., 
 
 sti^eets. pn^ 072 fAe 
 outside 
 
 nin to 56;^ 
 
 pTH to ^6 strong, to urge, 
 7y ; hif. to lay hold of, 
 c. 3
 
 216 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 pin strong 
 pTH strength 
 
 XDH to sin. ^?^n;., impf. 
 Xtpn sin 
 nXJpn a sin, an offence 
 mm id. DppN^n, c. suff. 
 "•n living. ri*H, f. 
 T\''T\ to be alive, live. n^ni". 
 
 T T ' • • ' 
 
 impf.; juss. ^n); pi. ri*n 
 
 to preserve 
 n*ri animals, coll. 
 D^*n life 
 
 ~>\T\ wealth; 2)host,army 
 TVyTJ cave 
 DDH wise 
 ^Sn milk. !37n, constr. 
 
 T T .. -; ; 
 
 DPn a dream 
 
 p7n equipped, ready. 
 Coll. warriors 
 
 vH sickness 
 
 HTSn /ar 6e i7.' (ad pro- 
 fan um) 
 
 ^/H In po. to wound. Pi. 
 to profane 
 
 Llbn <o dream 
 
 tj7ri ^(? ^/zt/(3 away. Pass. 
 hif. f^ a/fer ; (2) grow 
 again 
 
 ulT} smoothness; (2) lot, 
 portion 
 
 ThT\ In pi. to divide, por- 
 tion out 
 
 tJ'/H to vanquish; (2) c. 
 impf. ^7n^ to he weak, 
 frail 
 
 nX^n cream, curdled milk 
 
 T : V / 
 
 "1/^n to crave, like. nZsrT* 
 
 - T / : V 
 
 and nbn: 
 
 *n^n he-ass 
 '^'tn fifth 
 h't2T\ to pity, spare. vl2iy, 
 *l2?n clay, mortar 
 1£5n bitumen 
 
 T\mn five 
 
 jn favour ; (2) beauty 
 n^n to encamp 
 
 D3n accus. arch, of JH, 
 hcdpeav, for nought, 
 gratis
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 217 
 
 pn to bestow^ c. accus. 
 pers. ; (2) topity^ impf. 
 
 tn),c.suff.^^3nv, "ri^n^i; 
 
 imp. c. sufF. ""^iiri pify 
 me ! 
 
 Pjin profane^ infidel^ = 
 Arab, kdfir 
 
 IDH kindness, mercy. 
 
 DnpD 
 
 riDn to fly for refuge, c. 5- 
 
 non; 
 
 IDn ^0 ^acX^ "IDH.^, pi. 
 
 |*3ri ^(? desire, loill, c. inf. 
 and 7; if*^ ^ove, c. ace. ; 
 and 5 
 
 ■f*!)!! delight, pleasure, 
 will 
 
 IVC ^^ cleave in twain, 
 hew in pieces. Hif. id. 
 
 nn^n?:, ptcp. f. 
 
 1*11 arrow. D'^VH, pl- 
 
 n^n ^^ halve, f n:i 
 
 a# midnight 
 
 "y^n court, nh^ri 
 
 pn boundary ; 2) custom, 
 statute 
 
 r\^r\ id., f. 
 
 i*)n sword, f. niiin -, 
 
 V V 7 T -; / 
 
 in pans. i'lH 
 
 ^"nH to be dry. Hif. to 
 dry 
 
 nS'in a desolation, waste, 
 ruin 
 
 *tT\ to tremble, ^'^n.'*; 
 hif. to frighten, scare 
 
 Tr\T\ to be hot, impers. c. 
 dat. to be angry ; *in*^ 
 w and he was angry 
 
 \nn heat, anger 
 
 tO*in stylus, graving-tool 
 
 D^n Inhif. to exterminate 
 (prop, to consecrate, 
 devote. Cf. ha ram, 
 women's chamber) 
 
 t)iri to pluck. Pi. t)'in 
 
 to reproach, 7, 3 
 rifi^n reproach 
 ^"in craftsman 
 ^"in to plow
 
 218 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 ^in In hif. SJ'nnn to he 
 silent^ hushed^ keep 
 quiet ' 
 
 ^in deaf 
 
 2^n to think^ purpose. 
 nb'D!; in nif. to be 
 reckoned., valued 
 
 "^m to be dark, "^^nj 
 
 darkness. 
 c. art. 
 
 '^b'n to unthhold^ keep back 
 fpr\ to strip 
 jnn father-in-law 
 
 nnri to be broken, esp. by 
 fear; in hif. to scare, 
 affright; nif'al impf. 
 
 nn-, id. 
 
 to 
 
 «2?D to be defiled; 2) adj. 
 polluted, heathen 
 
 75^ to dip 
 
 yib ^(? sm^ in. Pu. 2Z76is 
 
 nriD to be pure. ^T\'0\ 
 "lintD pure, clean, fit for 
 
 food, rrfw^, f. 
 
 lib ^0(?(i; (2) goodness, 
 kindness, happiness 
 
 l^b goodliness 
 
 |nb ^6> grind 
 
 \J2iO to hide 
 
 ^D /iV^^6 owes, coll. DSD 
 
 D^D not yet. D'^bl before, 
 usu. c. impf. 
 
 bx^ In hif. S^Nin ifo w;?//, 
 &e willing, undertake. 
 7X1*5, impf. c. waw 
 conv. ; foil, by ger. 
 
 *l^{^ an arm of the Nile, 
 the Nile; (2) a 7'iver 
 
 b^y, produce (of the soil)
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 219 
 
 ^y to be dry, withered. 
 tJ'l^:, impf. 
 
 nK'3^ dry land 
 
 p3) sorrow 
 
 -lil) to fear. Pf. 
 
 V''^ weary 
 
 11 hand, side (locally), 
 n;, c. suff. 
 
 r\y to throw. Hif. min 
 
 TT T 
 
 to thank, praise 
 
 yT to know; 2) to regard 
 
 in) togive, provide,? to. 
 ^yi, imp., ascribe ye 
 
 ^n; See m. 
 
 nV day. PI. 0^2?:, 'f?) 
 D^V ^y ^^2/ (^^^ ^^^') 
 
 in! (union) together. HH! 
 (/iz5 unions) id. 
 
 I**!!) (??2??/ (}7i6, esp. 50?2. 
 
 vTl* In pi. 711) ^() wait, 
 hope, '7^ for; hT^I] 
 impf.; hif. hm to 
 trust in, ? 
 
 ntD* In impf. 1^^) 2^ 25 
 wje^/. Hif yii'T} to do 
 well 
 
 j!) wine 
 
 ny In. hif nOin to ar- 
 bitrate, dispute, decide 
 (a cause) 
 
 h'y to be able. Pf. 0; 
 7^^ impf, to master, 
 
 c. 7 
 
 ly boy; rriT ^M 
 D) sea. D^S* pi. 
 
 n^_) seawards = west- 
 wards 
 y^l right hand 
 
 py to suck. py\ impf. ; 
 hif. p'^yT) to suckle; 
 ptcp. ^ipT^ nurse 
 
 ID) to found, constitute; 
 nif. Ipli /^ sit down, 
 espec. sit together in 
 council; (2) pass, of 
 qal. 
 
 PjP) to add, do a thing 
 again. Impf. hif. ^^pi\ 
 5)01*1; nif t)D1i to join, 
 
 c. Sy. 
 I*!!?) to counsel 
 IT a wood. nilVl, pi. 
 
 ^IJ beauty. *3]J, paus.
 
 220 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 t^r to go out. «r,impf.; 
 
 Vmp. N;?; hif. X^V^n 
 
 to bring out 
 y^' In hithpa. l^^inn to 
 
 station oneself^ take 
 
 one^s stand 
 ^T to mould., fashion. 
 
 nV^!l, impf. with waw 
 
 conv. 
 
 1^^ In impf. c. waw 
 conv. h n^*l, impers. 
 and it was iiarrow to 
 Jiim = and he teas 
 vexed., grieved 
 
 j*p^ In impf. f|^'*l and 
 
 he woke (f |T:) 
 ^T>\ precious.) costly 
 
 «T to fear. ^^T^ ''^TJ 
 nif. N*11i terrible 
 
 ^'y, fearing^ fearful. ^"^.^ 
 constr., ^^{'^^^, f. 
 
 n«7. fear 
 
 IT to go down. Impf. 
 
 "T?.!, "^Tl, ^7)-'^ inf. 
 
 nnn; hifii/nnin to 
 
 bring down 
 
 rr\' to throw. Hif. rm 
 
 TT ^ 
 
 to point out., show., teach 
 H'^^ moon., m. 
 
 •^Ii; //iz^/i, f. Constr. 
 
 p"!^. greenness 
 
 t^y^ to get, win, take. 
 tJ^n;:, impf. ; n^n, inf.; 
 gerund c. suff. nn^l? 5 
 hif'il SJ'nin /() 6^;?^/ 
 (nations), to seize (their 
 lands) 
 ^l* property, means. 
 h'li^^ I have, opposed 
 
 to v"r^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^' 
 
 with interrog. pt. tJ'.^H 
 an est? Is there'? 
 '2P\ to sit, settle, dwell. 
 ^^\', nif. nC^'li; inf. 
 
 ]P\ to sleep. I?''?^. impf. 
 c. waw, pans. ; HJ^^XI 
 and I slept soundly 
 T\'^'\^\ deliverance, victory 
 y^r^ Nif. y^li to be saved. 
 Hif. y^^in to save, 
 rescue, help 
 
 ^'^1 straight, upright 
 U\r\1 fatherless, orphan 
 nn^ In nif. ^m to be left, 
 
 to remain; hif. *T*niri 
 
 to leave alive 
 1T)l remnant
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 221 
 
 3 as^ like. ^p3 UJce me. 
 T\b^ like him. "^^^^ 
 like thee 
 
 1^X3 as, when 
 
 153 to be heavy. Irapf. 
 A. Nif. to be ho?ioured 
 
 133 heavy, great 
 n^133 heaviness 
 
 1133 glory 
 
 nb'33 lamb, f. 
 
 SJ'^I ^0 trample down, 
 subdue 
 
 (13 ^Aere, ?Aws. n3"15? 
 thither, yonder 
 
 |ri3 priest, prince 
 3313 stor 
 
 T 
 
 p3 nif. Ji3i to be estab- 
 lished, set up. ]^y<, 
 impf. ; hif. pH he ap- 
 pointed; pil. pi3 jt?re- 
 2?«re, establish 
 
 Di3 c'wp 
 
 HwSb so. '131 "T3 so and 
 so 
 
 ri3 strength, power ^113 
 w??/ s. 
 
 in3 to conceal. Pi. 1H3i 
 ?z7e i(/77^ Az6?6 (a fact), 
 
 shalt be hidden, de- 
 stroyed, nif. c. ]*15^n"]^ 
 
 *3 for, if, when 
 
 ^^3^3 = '^] + :2 = as in 
 days (of) 
 
 133 cii^cle, circuit, coun- 
 try round; (2) a talent 
 
 ^3 all; c. suff. D^ all 
 of them 
 
 ^^1 dog 
 
 Th'2 to be finished. Pi. 
 to finish. 131)^ ^3^. 
 he left off from speak- 
 ing 
 
 v3 vessel, tool, iceapon, 
 ornament. PI. C]v3, 
 
 n?373 reproach, disgrace, 
 shame 
 
 i^3 poet. = 3 as, /xX-e
 
 222 HEBREW 
 
 II SO, thus. p'Sy there- 
 fore 
 
 |3 gnat 
 
 t]i3 wing. D!5i3, du. ; 
 ''£^5, constr. 
 
 1133 /ia?p, cittern. PI. Hi 
 
 yji In nif. ^c> be brought 
 low., vajiquished 
 
 HM In pi. to cover., hide 
 niD3 covering 
 KD3 ^/irone. With suff. 
 
 5|D|I silver., money., price 
 
 PRIMER. 
 
 t|5 ^a?m(ofhand). 0^33 
 du. 
 
 1S3 In pi. *1$3 to atone., 
 
 3113 cherub. Cf. Assyr. 
 kurubi, man-headed 
 bull 
 
 D1| vineyard 
 
 ni3 ^0 cz^#. Nif. to ^'f? 
 cut off., destroyed 
 
 3n3 to write 
 n^nS a tunic, ■)(ltu>u ; c. 
 
 suff. ^nin3 
 
 V 
 
 7 to, /or, at ; c. suff. w, 
 1|7, paus., D37, DnS 
 
 ^<7 not. k7) neque, nor 
 \M2 a people. D^^i^^?, pi. 
 33^ heart. 'f|;i3^ 
 
 37 heart. "137, c. suff. 
 
 137 in separation, alone. 
 ^3^, c. suff. 
 
 n37 Jlame (air.) 
 
 |37 white 
 
 r\;:h brick. D*33^, pi. 
 
 mh to be clothed. C^^s'pl 
 he clothed another, c. 
 two ace. 
 
 n3n'7 flame. nbiS 
 
 h if, if!
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 223 
 
 nh tablet, r\^r\h 
 
 *ri? cheek. ^n7, paus. ; 
 
 D::n^, du. ■ 
 nrh Nif. nrh; he fought, 
 
 warred, 5 against 
 DH? bread 
 u7 frankincense 
 hh night. Usu. rhh', 
 
 c. art. 'hr^ ; rhh^, p. 
 
 [v lodge, pass night. 
 1?7 ^^^^1 captured. liD?*! 
 
 1^7 ^c) learn. In pi. ^o 
 
 rnh whyf r\J2-^h. rrth 
 
 iT IT J T T IT 
 
 nj 7^ A?/, pray, t'l wore ; 
 T*D7 lamp, flame 
 ^JS? before, prep. See 
 
 imp. 
 
 tDj^7 if6> gather, collect. So 
 pi. t3,l?'?p. 
 
 p25'7 tongue, wedge, ingot 
 
 D 
 
 1>{D might; adv. mi^cA, 
 greatly 
 
 nX2p « hundred. HXp, 
 constr. ; ^1^{0, pi. 
 
 ^^'l^{^ anything, quidquam 
 (after a negative) 
 
 ^1^5^ a lamp, luminary 
 [X^ In pi. j{SI^ /(? refuse 
 
 j^^ shield 
 T\hyi2 stroke, plague 
 *l!l*]^ desert 
 rri^ measure 
 
 mh whyf (=yn;-n^) 
 na, n^, n^ ivhat? 
 
 *in^ /6> hasten 
 rrnn^ haste ; adv. hastily
 
 224 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 m and nif. :ii^? melt 
 away, espec. through 
 fear 
 
 U\t2 to totter. Nif. id.; 
 impf tDI^* 
 
 d)f2 tottering 
 
 7)f2 to circumcise 
 
 7^23 opposite 
 
 Tni\t2 birth ; (2) birthplace ; 
 (3) offspring 
 
 "ty^l/^ a set time, festival; 
 (2) set meeting, as- 
 sembly 
 
 ^023 snare, noose 
 
 T 
 
 n^22 ^0 c?2^. Impf. ni23), 
 n»*i; ptcp. n^; hif. 
 
 JT'pIl he killed 
 r\)j2 death. Jli^, constr. 
 
 np = nrn^ what is 
 
 that f 
 
 ^itoTp a psalm, ode 
 
 nn^ lie wiped out, blotted 
 out 
 
 ninp camp, army. Hl^np 
 
 "pi. 
 
 npnp refuge 
 ^n^, n"in^ to-morrow 
 
 T T 5 tt: IT 
 
 l^n^ ^0 crws/i, bruise 
 
 T\r\T\'t2 censer 
 
 ntSD a roof 
 
 ntOX: r«m. Hif. I'tOXDH 
 
 T T ; 
 
 to send rain 
 
 'p loho? 
 
 D^/p icater. ^12 and ^^^!?, 
 constr. 
 
 Di^Z:^)!: See p^ 
 
 JVp kind 
 
 1\^^^ straightness ; (2) up- 
 rightness ; (3) adv. 
 
 T\2J2 stroke, slaughter 
 
 [i^^ jylace, spot, poet. 
 
 "ID^ ^0 s^/{. Impf. 
 
 ih^ full. nxSp, f 
 
 «^^ to fill, be full. VI 
 to fill 
 
 X7p fulness, to ttXtj- 
 pco/xa 
 
 '^ip^ messenger, esp. a di- 
 vine one
 
 nEBREW-ENGLISII GLOSSARY 
 
 225 
 
 n!5S7p icork^ product of 
 labour 
 
 \hl2 halting-ijlace^ stage 
 
 vh'b salt 
 
 Tr)'!^ Nif. to vanish 
 
 T\l2Thl2 battle, war 
 
 \:hj2 In nif. vht^} to es- 
 cape 
 
 j*Vp inteipreter 
 
 *^7p to be king 
 
 np7pO k{?igdom 
 
 n?^^^ sovereignty, domi- 
 nion 
 
 ■|P from, out of airo, eV, 
 ab, ex. With suffix, 
 
 ''yfp^ from me 
 
 T\}J2 to count 
 nn^ip rest 
 
 niip id. ; (2) place of rest 
 nn^p present, offering 
 
 D^'^D times 
 n^Dp casting, smelting 
 
 yDp journey, march 
 7^VP path, track 
 
 toyp little, few. tO^V?^', 
 hif. to make few 
 
 /"•yp tunic (a long sleeve- 
 less robe) 
 
 nyp a well 
 
 7i?^ surface. ? ^^^^^ <??i 
 the top of 
 
 7^^ /r6>??i upon 
 
 (17^^ ascent 
 
 /or i^/ie sa^'6 o/, and 
 conj. in order that 
 
 rrny^ cave. fT^V?, constr. 
 
 nb'yp work, task, nmip, 
 ■ pi. 
 
 ^{y^ to find; c. ?, obtain; 
 nif. jc>r<9z;e to ^6 
 
 i^p standing-place, sta- 
 tion 
 
 n^5ip pillow 
 
 niyP bidding, command. 
 niyx?, pi.' 
 
 •^IP^ gathering 
 Si^'ljpi? sanctuary 
 
 S^^ 5to/. ^Sp;b 
 
 16
 
 226 
 
 HEBKEW PRIMER. 
 
 Hipp gains, wealth, esp. 
 cattle. C. suff. DH^ipp 
 (where ^ is third rad.) 
 
 riNfl^ aspect, Jigure; Tjsight 
 
 Di*1^ height 
 
 T\'2Tp chariot. T\y2Tp, 
 constr. pi. 
 
 n^^D deceit 
 
 D^*l^ trampling 
 
 n^VlD pasturing 
 
 n'l? ^(? ^>g ^^zVif^r. Hif. I^n 
 if(? embitter 
 
 "^l^^ #() prolong., draw out 
 
 dwelling, tent 
 
 hm to rule. Hif. inf. 
 7pf2in sovereignty 
 
 7^^ similitude, proverb 
 
 r\)Wl2 staff 
 
 lOS^^ judgment, equity, 
 manner, custom 
 
 nnS^^ hind, tribe, family 
 
 y[^V1^ weight 
 
 T\T\pt2 banquet 
 
 K^^ burden 
 
 'STp^'O wages 
 
 ^^12 stronghold. ^3^^^ 
 
 prip to ^^ sweet. Impf. A 
 
 ^{!l now, pray, enclitic 
 particle of entreaty 
 
 nii<^ pastures, constr. pi. 
 
 Y^) and pi. to mock, de- 
 spise, reject 
 
 tD^lJ Hif. ^'IIT] to gaze at, 
 ^■•5? prophet 
 
 ^{^i nif. and hithpa. to 
 
 prophecy 
 
 75^ to fade, wither 
 (1755 corpse 
 
 3^5 the south. T]^^) south- 
 wards 
 
 l^i /r6»?i^. Prep, before, 
 c. suif.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 227 
 
 IJli In hif. yTl to bring 
 
 to thefro7it, declare^ tell 
 
 "T'-Jli prince^ chief 
 
 n^j brightness 
 
 J^wlJ to touchy strike, y^!, 
 impf. 
 
 Pjjii to smite, strike. f|ill, 
 impf, ; nif. pass. 
 
 ^^5 ^^ oppress 
 
 tJ'Jli In nif. m to draw 
 near, approach; impf. 
 qal, ^'^\ ; inf. constr. 
 
 ny^^ stringed instrument., 
 lyre 
 
 1}. heap 
 
 Tli ?6> wander., flee 
 
 n"1i ^(7 thrust; nif. ^a 6e 
 expelled; hif. trans. ^<? 
 f/irM5< ow? ; (2) seduce 
 
 y]} to vow. ^'l), impf. 
 ^ni to lead. Impf. A 
 
 Sn:j In pi. Sn;?, Sn:^ ^^7 
 
 lead 
 
 in^ a n'ver. PI. D''— 
 and m— 
 
 nii 5^(2?, dwelling., poet. 
 
 nii 2!6> alight., rest, ? o?z. 
 Hif. H"^!! to set down ; 
 (2) give rest 
 
 Dli /(? slumber 
 
 y^i ^(7 shake, quiver 
 Xlii terrible, nif. ptcp. of 
 
 ^■■T^ prince (nazar, to 
 consecrate) 
 
 DvTi streams (nazal, to 
 drop) 
 
 nn^ ^0 ^eac?, guide. ^X})\i 
 qal pf,, hif. impf. 
 
 7ni <2 wady, mountain 
 torrent 
 
 n7rtj p>ossession 
 
 Dili pi, ifo comfort; nif. 
 reflex, comfort oneself 
 = take vengeance 
 
 nKTI^ copper, brass 
 
 ntpi ^{) stretch, sp>read out. 
 t3*5, impf. c. waw conv.; 
 (2) /(} bend. So hif. 
 
 )i^^ to plant. y^\ impf. 
 
 16*
 
 228 
 
 HEBREW PRIME !l. 
 
 nXJJ fipicery 
 
 n:Di In hif. r\^ri to smite. 
 "^"X impf. c. waw conv. ; 
 see Gr. p. 109. 
 
 nnj In hif. "1^5n to gaze 
 at, recognise, discern 
 
 HDi a stranger, foreigner 
 
 D"''l^y^ youth, ju vent us 
 
 D]3 pole, banner 
 
 HDJ In pi. to tempt, try 
 
 "Ijp^ idol, molten image 
 
 yD!l to move camp,march. 
 W, ^yip:, impf. 
 
 D^'VJ pleasant 
 
 Sy^ sandal, th^}, du. 
 
 Dy^ p)leasantness 
 
 ^yj ^oy, servant ; cf. 
 7rat9, puer. D''1V^? pl- 
 nnyj girl 
 'ly^ /(? shake. So pi. 
 nS^ ;^ breathe 
 h^) to fall, hb', impf. 
 73^ untimely birth 
 
 CrSJ 50w^, ///"e ; (2) will, 
 desire ; (3) self 
 
 2)^:1 In nif. n^;i to stand; 
 l**-^!! fo .se< up ._.,^ 
 
 7^i In nif. to escape ; 
 hif. 7''V'n to rescue, de- 
 liver 
 
 ^V^ to guard 
 T]'2'p} female 
 1p3 spotted 
 ''P^ c^eaw, innocent 
 jVpil purity 
 
 Up) to avenge, c. accus. 
 Dp^, impf. 
 
 t]pi In hif. to go round 
 
 "IJ a lamp 
 
 - T 
 
 Tp) to draw out or off. 
 7^, imp. 
 
 n^^^ blowing, breath, 
 blast 
 
 ^m to blow 
 
 p^^ to kiss. p^\ impf. 
 
 i^m to lift, bear; (2) to 
 forgive (sin). HXtJ^?? 
 inf. ; m\ impf.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 229 
 
 :\m In hif'ii, :^''m to 
 
 overtake^ to win^ ob- 
 tain 
 
 N^b^i piHnce^ chieftain 
 
 pi to put, set, give, p, 
 imp.; |ri^, impf.; ri!ir)5< 
 / will give ! 
 
 fnj to pull down 
 
 nXD a sea. D'XD (the 
 third part of an 'Efd, 
 sesquimodius) 
 
 ilp to go roimd^compass. 
 ±1 2B\ impf. (np 
 not found in O.T.) 
 
 y^p around. DU^^D 
 places round, with 
 sufF. 
 
 *?[5P thicket 
 
 7^b burden. Dri/^D their 
 burdens 
 
 ^-1D to shut. Hif. deliver 
 up (into power of) 
 
 ilD to go away from. 
 i1D!l, inf. draw back 
 from 
 
 DID horse. D^D^D, pi. 
 
 5]1D re^Js, sedge, coll. 
 
 "^ID to turn aside. 'TTW^ 
 
 T I T 
 
 ^^3 Ze^ me now turn 
 
 aside. ^p*1 
 "inp /ig traded 
 IHD trader, merchant 
 
 "^D (ie^z, /azr 
 n3D trellis, booth 
 7pD pi. /ig stoned 
 
 TuD to lift up. Pu. 06 
 weighed 
 
 77D to ^/i?'c>?^? z/:/) (a 
 rampart). 77Wpn to 
 oppose oneself to 
 
 y7p rock (str. ravine) 
 
 n^b flour, very fijie 
 
 "Tj^p to uphold 
 
 *l^p and pi. to bristle up 
 
 n3p thicket, brush 
 
 Dp 7?/c>^/i, weevil, arjs
 
 230 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 lyp to prop^ support 
 
 rriyp a storm. H'lyp, 
 constr. 
 
 ISp to mourn. "T3p* 
 
 nSp to destroy. T\^'D\ 
 
 y^'O sapphire 
 
 ^SD hook 
 
 ^3p ^0 count. ^Sp*, nif. 
 impf. zV can he counted. 
 ^3p)^, pi. and he told 
 
 *inp hiding-place^ lair, 
 covert 
 
 inp ^0 AzW^. Hithpa. 
 hide oneself 
 
 T " T 
 
 n^y s/aye. ^^^. thy s. 
 "T135? to serve 
 
 ■ T 
 
 rrniy service = servants^ 
 servitium 
 
 *155? to cross., pass ovei\ 
 away. I^J^ (^P?) wi<>- 
 72^y ^/ia? passes., cur- 
 rent, n^^^n inadepass., 
 transferred^ / wto 
 
 '1^5? the other side, "l^yp 
 7 (??2 ^Ag c>?/igr 52(i(? of 
 
 rrilS? work., taskwork 
 
 hy^ huiiock. rh^vi, f. 
 
 ri/^y. ca?*#, wagon^ chariot 
 
 "li? to, 50 /ar as to, usque 
 ad. As a conj., U7itil 
 
 "ry everlasting. 1 1'S\ 
 paus. 
 
 rriy (a?z appointed) meet- 
 ing, assembly. '^''^fllV 
 
 T\TiV testimony, law 
 
 T.y flock, nnny, nny, 
 
 pi. 
 
 *liy sfz7/, longer, any 
 more (after neg.) 
 
 niV to 5«?/ «^(3m (a7r). 
 T'yn /ig called to wit- 
 ness, appealed to 
 
 ri/iy sacrifice, hurnt-offer- 
 ing
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 231 
 
 D/iy hidden^ i.e., inde- 
 finite time; (2) eternity 
 
 77iy child, hoy, poet. 
 
 cjiy to fly. piy;n 
 
 P]iy 62Vc?5, coll. 
 
 n|I.V blind 
 TJ? s;r()?2(/ (of a gale). 
 
 nty, f. 
 ty TOZ^/i?, poet. *TV and 
 
 niy Ae left 
 
 T^iy strong 
 
 nm Ae /i^Zped *1TV! 
 
 nn|y help 
 
 tD^V &zVc?s (?/ j9r6?/, coll. 
 
 j:y gyg, f. D'^'y the 
 eyes; V^^y /izs e?/es 
 
 Dny, ny, pi. 
 
 '7!) Mj90?i. n vy heside-i 
 
 near it. *=|")'!|"^y «A^?' 
 ^Ae manner of 
 
 riSy ptcp. pi. f. of next 
 
 word 
 nSy ^(? ^0 2<p. Tih% inf. 
 
 con^tv. rising (of dawn) ; 
 
 hif. pSy*! anc? c>/^re^ 
 
 Ami; npyn nlf. inf. ; 
 
 rhT, impf. 
 
 ]V?y jy/^A, a name of 
 God, if6>5^ High 
 
 oSy Nif. <(? ie hidde7i 
 
 T\a7^ damsel 
 
 Dy j9ec>p/g. -Dv, ^»y 
 
 "Dy ?yz7/i, o-uz^, fxera. 
 
 n^y z6'z7A m^. Dxy 
 
 2vith, amongst you 
 
 nay to stand. nby!,impf. 
 
 "T^Sy pillar 
 
 pt2V glen 
 
 pa^ deep 
 
 n^V toansioer. IZX^'^- 
 
 njy ^c &e oppressed. Pi. 
 inf. constr. IHIiy /o 
 oppress him 
 
 ni3y lowliness 
 
 ^^y oppression
 
 232 
 
 HEBREW PlilMER. 
 
 ISy dust 
 
 T T 
 
 nnsy lead 
 
 |*y tree^ also coll. trees. 
 D^Vy, '^ logs, firewood 
 
 pn!^*y ;6>27, trouble, pain 
 
 n^y counsel, plan 
 
 Ij^V to hind. npp*l,impf. 
 K^j>?y crooked, perverse 
 I'ly evening 
 
 D^!liy ivillows 
 DnV ?2al^e^. D^DnV, pi. 
 
 '^'ly to arrange. "^hV*! 
 <2WcZ /i6' laid (the fire- 
 wood) ; {2) to compare 
 
 7^*15? gloom 
 
 )^'y smoke. [Ei^y, constr. 
 
 JK^y smoking 
 
 i^y verdure, grass 
 
 rib's? he made, did. HW, 
 impf. ; b^yri-Sx ^0 72(7^ 
 
 ny ^z/72g. ny3 a^ this 
 
 time 
 
 riny ?2o?y 
 
 T " 
 
 n^ny he-goat ' 
 
 nj<3 5iVZ^, corner 
 
 T / 
 
 yj3 Ae treated, made a 
 compact, 5 ?^'iV^«; (2) A^ 
 struck. ^yi?|3^"||) Z^5/ 
 Ae strike us 
 
 ^1^3 corpse 
 
 ^^^ lie met 
 
 rriB Ae ransomed; 2) ^e- 
 livered 
 
 riQ mouth. ""B, constr.; 
 V3 A/s mouth
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 233 
 
 p3 to disperse. Hif. 
 I^^Sn, LlT^% ^0 scatter 
 
 T3 gold (str. purified) 
 
 inS) fear^ dread, poet. 
 
 in3 to tremble. Hif. ^6> 
 
 ~ T 
 
 frighten 
 
 N73 a ivonder, miracle, 
 and coll. 
 
 t<7S /o separate (no qal). 
 X/S^ 25 iconderful 
 
 ^73 stream 
 
 773 No qal. Vi. to judge; 
 hithpa. intercede for, 
 pray to, y^', ^V? 0^ 
 behalf of 
 
 t073 In pi. deliver 
 
 n^v3 escape ; (2) concr. 
 2^;/ia^ /i«5 escaped 
 
 T T : • 7 
 
 inf. 
 
 ger. 
 
 D^^fi the face, looks. ^j?3; 
 ^^37 6e/6>r^, coram ; ''JS? 
 before me; fjiShf^fvm 
 before me = out of ray 
 sight; ''^l^TlX ^/^ /Ae 
 presence of 
 
 1123 corner ; (2) ^ow;^?' 
 
 D''D3 T\yr\'^ atunicofends, 
 i.e., reaching to wrists 
 and ancles 
 
 7yG maZ:^, (io, poet. 
 
 7^3 deed 
 
 0^3 ^w?,e {stroke, blow). 
 D^^yS y^^ 5^z;^?i times; 
 
 DV3 ^0 strike. Nif. D^Sni 
 ^6> 6e disturbed 
 
 n^3 ^(9 (}/?e?i 
 
 npS to visit, review, mus- 
 ter, punish 
 
 "13 a bullock 
 
 ni3 Nif. n^SJ Ae parf^dZ 
 /r(?m (him) 
 
 rriS heifer, cow 
 >*15 y*n«Y. V73 /«5 /riuV 
 j^^S spread, increased. 
 
 n^3 ^c bear young, etc. 
 
 p^3 and pi. break off 
 
 tJ^'lS horseman. D^Ei'13, 
 pi. 
 
 Tt^'13 to spread out
 
 234 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 10^3 to strip oneself; hif. 
 another ; (2) to attach 
 
 yi2^3 rebellion, fault, tres- 
 pass 
 nS a piece of bread 
 D5<nD suddenly 
 
 nns he opened. nriS;, 
 irapf. 
 
 Pins door, gate. ^H^B, 
 constr. pi. 
 
 "in3 he interpreted, ex- 
 plained 
 
 t<n^. 
 
 !18<V See NV!- 
 |K"^ sheep, coll. 
 
 constr.; HIXIV 
 
 p^lV jws^, rectus 
 pnV ^0 l^e just. p^V^. 
 p*!^ straightiiess, straight- 
 forwardness,right deal- 
 ing 
 npnV righteousness; (2) « 
 jMs^ reward 
 
 ni^ In pi. n^^V to appoint, 
 order ; D^V, pi. c. sufF. 
 he charged them 
 
 n^^ rock 
 
 I^V hunting 
 
 ni9?V shade,gloom of death. 
 ? = n^D^V ^?(?<?"i ; cf. 
 other Masoretic dupli- 
 cations 
 
 i^'12'^ to thirst 
 
 " T 
 
 IJy^ yoke 
 
 n^^ outgrowth, herbage 
 
 Tyiyi shot up, sprouted 
 forth. Hif. caused to 
 shoot up 
 
 1^5^ wool. 
 
 'T'VV small, young
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 235 
 
 pyy to cry out. p^V^ 
 impf. 
 
 npyv outcry^ shrieking 
 
 |3^ to liide^ store up 
 
 pS^ north. ri;i^^ north- 
 ward 
 
 ^^m a bird 
 
 TT^ distress, trouble 
 
 y^ii to 02?press. v "^V, 
 impers. /«!7/z troubled; 
 T> n^*1_ a/Z(i Ae was 
 troubled 
 
 ^1^ oppressor, besieger, foe 
 
 1*5^ ^^ grasp, collect. Nif. 
 reflex. ^V^P^? /i^^'^ «-5- 
 sembled 
 
 "l^p grave. C. sufF. il^p; 
 njp,, paus. ; ^jn^p 
 
 ^5p /i6 buried 
 
 D*lp ^Ae ^asil; (2) yore, 
 old times. n^Hp? ^^^^ 
 ward 
 
 tJ'np ^0 6e Ao^y. Pi. he 
 hallowed 
 
 K'np holiness ; (2) Ao/y 
 place, sanctuary, shrine 
 
 ^yi\> holy 
 
 /r\'D congregation 
 
 mp Nif. to be gathered ; 
 pi. M^lp waited, '^^, 7 ; 
 n^p^, impf. 
 
 7ip voice. Tw)'p thunders 
 
 D^p ^(9 rise. Dp, ptcp., 
 assailant, foe. Dp*1 a^zcZ 
 Ae rose 
 
 pp Only in liif. f ^pH Ae 
 awoke 
 
 Pp ^(?/mr. !i:i^p*l 
 
 [top sma//, little, young 
 
 |bp ^(? &e little ; and adj.
 
 236 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 TTltDp incense 
 "litOp smoke 
 
 •^//p cursing^ curse 
 
 n^p meal 
 
 ^^p Pi. was zealous 
 
 '"^^p he acquired^ gof^ 
 bought. Ip*5, impf. c. 
 Avaw conv. 
 
 }*p end 
 
 n^p g/zc? (loc). 
 
 nvp edge 
 
 ^"'Vp harvest 
 
 ^Vp ?^a5 angry 
 
 N'lp to happen^ meet. Inf. 
 constr. riN^p, whence 
 
 riiSnpS 
 
 to ??2e^^ 
 
 Nnp to cr?/, call. Nnp:, 
 
 impf. 
 
 ^Ip /i6 came nigh. yip\ 
 impf; ^^Ipn, idem; 
 (2) he brought near, 
 offered 
 
 ^"^p midst 
 
 l^'lp offering 
 
 np ^^^^'^- ^^^Ipj du. ; 
 
 yip to 7'^?ZC? 
 
 Ei^p stubble 
 
 ^It^'p to attend (air). i^^pH 
 /i(3 listened^ attended 
 
 ng'p Aarc?. n^p, f. 
 
 "l^"p to ^'mc?. Impf 
 
 ng^p bow. '•ri^p, f. 
 
 nx*! Ae saw. nj;?'!*, impf 
 ^^7-^5 with waw conv. 
 ^1^\ 3 f. 
 
 ^N"]!) vision. ^i<h, pans. 
 CN") wild bull or (?.2;. 
 
 Assyr. ^yy<y :zt ^, 
 
 riniu 
 
 ^Nh head, top. D^^X*!, 
 pi. ; (2) host, band 
 r^pir\_ in front
 
 HEB-REW-ENGLTSn GLOSSAT^Y. 
 
 237 
 
 rT'^K'l beginning 
 
 H'l adj. great ^ much^ 
 many; adv. enough 
 
 ih multitude^ abundance 
 
 151 ^^ ^^ numerous. ^S1, 
 3 pi. 
 
 r\'2'T\ a myriad, 10,000 
 
 T\y] to multiply, become 
 great. H^T, impf. 
 
 1*51 to lie down 
 
 hT\ In pi. he slandered. 
 In ptcp. = spy 
 
 nil i?(9 ^?'e<2<i on, subdue, 
 
 y^l #c> scare, rebuke. Hif. 
 <o s^zV/, settle, set 
 
 tp^l to pursue, tl'l'l^jimpf. 
 
 !ini pride, insolence,^OQt. 
 as a name of the sea, 
 and of Egypt 
 
 Cpril drinking -troughs 
 
 'HTS wind, spirit, f. 
 
 n^)1 abundance, overflow 
 
 Ur\ to be high. D'1^, 
 hif. ptcp.; D1*^ a?zr/ 
 
 he raised; pil. ^a?<2/f, 
 efferre laudibus 
 yin In hif. ^ynn shout 
 ye ! yi*l, impf. c. waw 
 conv. 
 
 yT\ to run. 1*1*1 and he 
 ran 
 
 p)1 In hif. p^in fo pour 
 out, draw (a sword) 
 
 ihl breadth. H^ril zV.? 
 breadth 
 
 pini /ar o/", distant. 
 pirrip <2/<2r 0^, longe 
 
 Sjlll I^ P^- ^^ ^^<?^c? or 
 A(9z;er over 
 
 Dni ivomb 
 
 |*ni Ae washed himself. 
 
 pni /<? ^e /ar. Hif. to 
 remove far ; pDin /ar 
 o/, longe 
 !3''1 quarrel, strife 
 "^l tender 
 
 Dpn vainly, without cause 
 or effect 
 
 Ipl chariot, usu. coll. 
 151 ^^ »'2^^- ^^T 
 ^151 goods, wealth
 
 238 
 
 HEBREW TRIMER. 
 
 D*1 liigh., ptcp. of UT\ 
 
 niJ'n lie cast, shot, poet, 
 in this sense 
 
 rite'l woi^m 
 
 Tiyi shouting 
 
 T^^y] shouting for joy 
 
 J^l bad, tigly- y^, c. 
 dist. acct; Hiyi, f. pi. 
 
 ny'n wicked deed, wicked- 
 ness, f. 
 
 ^y*] famine 
 
 IV'l shivering, trembling, 
 poet. 
 
 ms?n id. 
 
 T T : 
 
 ny*] Ag grazed, fed 
 
 ny"l shepherd, ptcp. D'^Vh 
 
 ■pi. 
 
 VI friend, comrade 
 
 nn id., f. 
 
 Dp In hif. myy thun- 
 dered, m^). ' 
 
 yy") to do evil. Vy., impf- 
 (2) to be evil; (3) ^Am^ 
 evil or Aarc? 
 
 D"'Xfi*l #Ae iceak, i.e., ghosts 
 in the Underworld 
 
 TlSl to cast down. Hif. 
 let fall the hand, let 
 alone. Juss. 2 pers. 
 tj'iri; IS^ri, imper. pi. 
 
 p*! empty 
 pi o?2/y 
 
 Ipl leapt, frisked, "fpl! 
 V\'!5'1 expanse 
 ^^^ poor, needy 
 y^"] xncked 
 
 V 
 
 5^5^ /)?enfy 
 
 ^522^ fulness, satiety 
 
 V!3^ ^(? ie satisfied 
 
 rn^ field, ^r^ij^hisf 
 
 r\^ lamb 
 *^)iy to fence, hedge round
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 239 
 
 m to set, put W^, 
 pf.l, Db^,3, n^b^, 3f.; 
 UP^) and he put 
 
 pT\W to laugh 
 
 r^y'P white hair, age, ca- 
 nities 
 
 n^b' hire, wages 
 r\J2h^ cloak 
 SiKD^ left hand 
 
 nibb^ to he glad; pi. to 
 
 ^gladden. r^W\ 
 nn^K^ joy, gladness 
 rhfpP cloak 
 
 5<ib^ to hate 
 
 " T 
 
 i^^^ an enemy 
 D^SV^ divisions = thoughts 
 niyb^ hair, coll. 
 
 T-: ~ ' 
 
 nS^ lip, edge, bank, T\W 
 constr.; D'HS?^, du. the 
 lips 
 pb^ a sack 
 
 nb^ chief, overseer, prince 
 nb', constr. pi. 
 
 impf. 
 
 Jlb'b^ joy 
 
 hm to ask. nrh^^, pf. 
 2 pi. hi^i^\ 
 
 ^X^ the grave. Under- 
 world, Hades. rh)m 
 unto the grave 
 
 \)m pil. of unused JXtT, 
 to be quiet, at rest 
 
 im to be left over. Hif. 
 n^X^n to leave, let re- 
 main; nif. to be left, 
 survive 
 
 ^:i^ See n^: 
 
 tO!l^ rod, sceptre 
 
 *5^ captive, coll. 
 
 d^SstJ^ ears of corn, f. 
 
 ynSJ' Nif. ys^^ ^0 sw7<?ar, 
 
 yn^ seven; and riV^K^; 
 Gr. p. 67, Rem. 2. 
 
 •11^ ^0 break ; pi. intens. 
 ^0 shiver, break in 
 pieces 
 
 m^ to rest. r\^^\. Hif. 
 rT'^^n make cease,stop. 
 ^If|5^n, pf. 1 pers.
 
 240 
 
 IIEBKEW mBTER. 
 
 m^ inf. constr. of ntT^; 
 hence pei^liaps "'fl^^, 
 Psa. xxiii. 6, = wy 
 dwelling (usu, shibti, 
 with a thinned to i) 
 
 v^'^ e|n^,f,nsn^(inpL 
 
 only) scorched^ blasted 
 DHiJ^ onyx 
 2^^ to go had, return ; 
 
 verb'ry. Hif. i^^n 
 
 to make go hack.restore. 
 X0, pil- nefesh, to 
 refresh the spirits 
 
 ^\p evil; 'i) lying; ?>) no- 
 thingness, nought 
 
 b^^ to row; (2) to run, 
 5 over 
 
 p\^ leg 
 
 ^'W lane. ^'0, pi. 
 
 nity ox. Dn^^, pi. 
 
 nnjJ^ to horn doum. Hith- 
 
 T T 
 
 pal. npriC^n to pros- 
 trate oneself, le or 
 lifn^y, before. (In this 
 form the third radical 
 is repeated ; shaha = 
 shahawa orig.) Short 
 impf. c. waw, ^nri^*^, 
 (= wayyishtahaw) 
 
 lon^ to slay (a victim), 
 macto 
 
 "in^ c/az672, poet. ^ri^,p. 
 
 nn^ Pi. to destroy. Hif. 
 destroy ; 2) corrupt, e.g. 
 one's life, dark6 
 
 y^ to sing 
 
 ^'P and mp a song 
 
 n**^ to set, put, appoint. 
 
 n^*^ to lie dow7i. 1'2^' 
 
 - T • * 
 
 n5^ to forget. r\^'^\ 
 
 vb^ to be bereaved. Pi. 
 to bereave 
 
 DD^ Inhif. D^3^n;impf. 
 c. waw conv. C^SJ'*^, to 
 rise early 
 
 Dp^ upper part of the 
 back, including both 
 shoulders. Dpl^, paus. 
 \)^'2X^, c. sufF. 
 
 jlDK^ to abide, dwell, settle 
 
 nn;^^ f., c. 3 f. sufF., from 
 p^ inhabitant 
 
 T!>^ snow 
 
 Uv>^ soundness, health., 
 peace
 
 Dp name. "^^^, paus. 
 "^W, W,c.suff.; pi. 
 
 D^^I^" the heavens. No 
 sing. (Assyr. sing., 
 samu ; pi., sami and 
 samamu) 
 
 D!?^ to be silenced., as- 
 tonished; 2) laid waste, 
 dispeopled, destroyed. 
 Impf. m\ and D^;: 
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 
 
 Tv?^ to put forth (e.g., 
 hand), send. Pi. let 
 go, dismiss 
 
 ]rh^ table 
 
 'ph^ third 
 
 ^Sk' Hif. 'r\hm to throw, 
 cast. ^h^\ 
 
 77^ spoil 
 
 u7U to be safe and sound. 
 Pi. cans. ; (2) finish ; 
 {^)pay, repay 
 
 t|7^ to draw out (e.g., 
 sword) 
 
 \ih^ and r\'^^^ three 
 
 W there. 
 
 n»K^ thither 
 
 241 
 
 T]f20 a waste, desolation. 
 
 So r^tzb^^ 
 
 T T : 
 
 oil 
 
 a rapid, transient 
 sound, whisper. (Arab, 
 shuma^un, hurrying) 
 
 y^^ to hear, listen to, obey, 
 c. ace, and le or 'el 
 
 ^J2p report 
 
 112^ to guard, ivatch ; 
 (2) keep (e.g., a law). 
 Impf. 
 
 ^b'^ sun, f. 
 
 p tooth. n\-\^ teeth 
 (stem shinn) 
 
 nil^ to change. Nif. re- 
 flex. 
 
 n;i^ year. PI. D*;i^ and 
 
 Ty)p sleep 
 
 ti\)P tivo. ^J^, constr. ; 
 
 f. D:n^, ^n^ 
 
 'y^ second. mV, f. 
 Also adv. a second 
 time 
 
 'im U'y^ twelve 
 
 17
 
 242 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 n]n:p du. of n:^, bien- 
 nium 
 
 IV^ In nif. \0:, to lean 
 upon, c. 'al; (2) rely 
 upon > 
 
 ^w gate. DnysT, ny^. 
 
 T\'n^P maid (servant). PI. 
 
 D3^ to judge. Impf. 0. 
 
 tD3K^ ptcp., a judge 
 
 "^^W to pour out. '^bSJ'), 
 impf. 
 
 73^* to he brought low. 
 Hif. to humble., bring 
 down 
 
 TTl^P beauty 
 
 np^ to drink, np^n, 
 
 hif., to water; short 
 
 impf. c. waw conv., 
 
 fpf 1^. ; V. T\'h 
 
 tOp^ to rest. Impf. 
 
 /j^^ <2 sheqel (a certain 
 standard weight) 
 
 7p^ to z^^zyi. Impf. 
 
 t]p^ In hif. t)^p^n to look 
 forth (from a window, 
 etc.) 
 
 X'l^ reptiles, coll. 
 J*'^^ to creep, or tor?w^ 
 
 m and nW S2> 
 D:n^ two, f. 
 7^n^ planted 
 
 n 
 
 *)>{n form, look 
 
 75Jn f. world, poet., never 
 c. art. 
 
 ^nn emptiness, (empty) 
 space 
 
 DinJil roaring deep. PI.
 
 HEBREW-ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 243 
 
 TvpTli^ praise 
 
 \"i:ji See n;n 
 
 Tn)T\ confession^ thanks- 
 giving 
 
 '^T\ middle. "^irijConstr.; 
 ^iptnS in our midst 
 
 T\vy\'F\ worm^ maggoty grub 
 
 niiyi^l an abomination 
 
 ^^M to traverse^ spy out, 
 reconnoitre 
 
 Tn\T\ instruction, law 
 
 ri*K^^n aid^ counsel, sageness 
 
 nnri under, instead of 
 
 nvD^l completion, end, ex- 
 tremity 
 
 pjjl to poise, prove. Pi. 
 weigh 
 
 TDl^ he hung 
 
 n^ri was astonished, a- 
 mazed, startled 
 
 "^^Jl grasped, upheld, 3 
 
 n^'lDri likeness, shape 
 
 rriltori exchange 
 
 "T*ttJjl continually, always 
 
 Wl2iS^ perfect, complete 
 
 Dri id. 
 
 D^J^ icas finished, spent. 
 
 • ' AT : • j- 
 
 quite cut off 
 ^^n a palm-tree 
 ^:^T\ See \T\) 
 Pilfl sea-monster 
 nyj^ ^(? wander, stray 
 ypjjl Ae 5^62^ (a trumpet) 
 
 J D^n it shall be unpeopled, 
 impf. 3 s. f.; see DDSJ^ 
 
 17*
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW 
 
 GLOSSARY.
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 Abide, to, dwell, l^) 
 
 able, to be, 7b\ 75V, impf. 
 c. 7, and inf. 
 
 abomination, Hliyin 
 
 above (over), /^ 
 
 according to, 5 pref. 
 
 account on, of, //^'^ 
 
 accounted, to be, 12^1, nif. 
 
 act, Syb, rhhv^ 
 
 add, to, ^l?:, impf. tj^DV 
 
 advantage, ji^H*. 
 
 afraid, to be, N"!; ; of, *iS^ 
 
 after, nn{< 
 
 again, 1)}J; to do again, see 
 Gr. p. 154 (b). 
 
 against, *^y, ^^^P, c. sufF. 
 
 all, 7^ (noun) ; c. sufF. 173 
 
 almost, t3y^?3 
 
 alone, "157; c. suflf. HI/ 
 (in his isolation) 
 
 altar, 1151^ 
 
 alter, to, t|7n, hif. 
 
 and, 1 
 
 angry, to be, ^Vp ; ^^^, and 
 hithpa. 
 
 another, "iPliiit 
 
 answer, to, n;iV; Hjy;, |V*1 
 
 appal, to, nyi, pi. 
 
 appear, to, come into sight, 
 nX'l, nif.
 
 248 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 appearance, look, ^^r\ 
 
 arbitrate, to, D^^in, hif. of 
 ny ; between, 1^5 
 
 arise, to, D*lp 
 
 ark, riiri 
 
 arm, ynj; pi. D^yilT, and 
 
 army, 7^n 
 
 around, l^^lD, adv.; HIl^lnD, 
 c. suff. 
 
 as, like, 2 prefixed 
 
 as, adv. n^^f^ 
 
 ask, to, /i<^; from, [^ 
 asleep, |^), v. and adj. 
 ass, ni^n, m.; pHJ^, f. 
 assailant. Dp, c. suff. 
 assemble, to, ^DX^ 
 atone, to, *133 ; for, 7^ 
 avenge, to. Dpi; DHD, nif. 
 awful, 5<nU 
 
 B 
 
 Backward, yiTMj: 
 
 bad, yn, f. nn 
 
 banish, to, S^l^, pi. 
 barrier, bar, H^l?; D^H^^ 
 
 battle, n^rh^ 
 
 bear, to, 17) (to give birth 
 to) 
 
 bear (carry), NS^i 
 
 bear (endure), id. 
 
 beauty, *|5J 
 
 because, conj., ^3 [S?!, ^5 ^py 
 
 become, to, H^H, oft. c. ? 
 bed, n^t) 
 
 / T • 
 
 befal, to, Kip 
 
 before, ''i?^/, c. suff. 
 
 beget, to, 1?^ 
 
 beginning, H^^NI (always 
 before a genit.) 
 
 behold, to, D^3n (D^J) 
 
 bereaved, to be, /^^; be- 
 reave, to, pi. 
 
 betrothed, to be, t|in, nif.
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 249 
 
 between, pS, c. suiF. 
 beware! nif. impf. 1^^ 
 bid, to, 1^{<, c. 7 
 bier, piS (coffin) 
 billow, % Gr. p. 60 (0, A 
 bind, to, n^j-p 
 
 birds, the, ^^5?^, coll. ; a 
 
 bird, im; DnSV 
 birth (the act of bearing), 
 
 bitter, n», f. n"lD 
 
 7 - 7 T T 
 
 bitumen, I^H 
 
 bless, to, ^12^ pi. 
 
 blind, ^^ 
 
 blood, D^ 
 
 blow, to (a trumpet), Vpri 
 
 T 
 
 blow, to (of the wind), 
 
 - T 
 
 boast, 77n, hithpa. 
 
 body, nn5 
 
 bondman, "l^pX, ^n*f 
 
 bonds, DnpiD 
 
 bone, C^5?; pi. nitt^y 
 
 booth, n^D 
 
 boundary, 7)^^ ; nV|!5 (end) 
 
 bow, T\pD 
 
 bow, to, before, HH^, hith- 
 pal. 
 
 bowl, nii^p 
 boy, n^;, pi. Dn^; 
 
 bracelet, 1*^^ 
 
 brand (fire), H^J^ 
 
 bread, DH?, paus. DhS 
 
 break, to, 1^^; and pi. 
 intens. 
 
 breaking, 1^^* 
 breasts, DH^ 
 breath, H^^;) 
 breathe, to, HSJ 
 
 ' ' ~ T 
 
 breeze, H^l 
 
 brick, n;in^, pi. n^^!!^ 
 
 bride, Tw^ 
 
 i T - 
 
 brightness, r?JJ 
 
 bring forth (cause to go 
 
 out), i<^vin, hif. N^^^ 
 
 bring forth (bear) "IT, f. 
 brook (gully) 7)1^ 
 brother, HX 
 bucket, hi 
 
 I ' t: 
 
 build, to, nJS 
 
 ' ' T T 
 
 bullocks, see oxen
 
 250 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 burn, to, f\'i^ 
 bury, to, nip 
 
 business, a, \1}V 
 but, DX '2 
 
 C 
 
 Call, to, J^np 
 
 camel, 7^1; pi. D^F^ll 
 
 camp, riin^ 
 
 captivity, ^5^, HJ?^ 
 carry off (spoil), ITS 
 
 cast out, to, Y-?^*^' ^^^'j 
 pass., hof. 
 
 cast upon (a burden on 
 
 God), hh^ 
 
 cast down, S^fi^H 
 
 cast off, m)', impf. SrtS) 
 
 cattle, npnS, coll. 
 
 cave, rriy^ 
 
 cease, to, /"IH, c. ? and inf.; 
 
 - T 
 
 cedar, T'lX 
 
 chains, W^] 
 
 change, to, "^Sri; into, 7; 
 nif. pass. ; I^D, hif. 
 
 charge, to, see command 
 
 chariot, H^^l^ 
 
 chariots, coll. ip"] 
 
 chase hotly, to, p7% after, 
 nnx, c. suff. 
 
 child, n^;.; coll. S]D 
 choose, to, ins, from, p 
 Christ, n^^m 
 
 city, yv, f. 
 
 clay, l^n 
 clean, *linD 
 cleanness, [Vj^J 
 cleave, to, V^'^ 
 
 cloak, n-n^x, c. suff. ini^N* 
 
 clothed, to be, tTl^ 
 clothing, tJ'!in'p 
 
 coast, t)in, nsb^ 
 
 cold, Ip 
 
 come! HD?, pi. w
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 251 
 
 come, to, Xi!l, unto, 7 oi" ^^ 
 command, to, H^V, pi- ^)'^ 
 command, ril^p 
 commence, to, bflT] hif. of 
 
 " T 
 
 companion, Vl, f- J^VI 
 
 complete, to, perfect, np3 
 
 complete, perfect, D''23ri 
 
 condemn, to, y'^IH (lit., 
 make guilty) 
 
 consecrate, to, tJ^'^'^pH 
 
 cornfloor, pil, pi. niiD*15 
 
 corpse, ^^5, nS!?^ 
 
 costly, np:, f. nij-^; 
 
 couch, b^^v, f. nib^n^ 
 
 count, to, *lSp 
 country, }*'3{<»n 
 
 courage, iTnl^^ 
 covenant, H'^'lS 
 cover, to, HM 
 coverlet, n?^ 
 
 cow, nifi 
 
 / T T 
 
 craftsman, t^nn, pi. D^^'-lH 
 
 crave, to, "[*3n 
 
 crawl, to, b'^'l 
 
 cross, to, *liy 
 
 crown, to, *K2V1 
 
 crown, n"lDy 
 
 cry, npVV 
 
 cup, Di3 
 
 curse, "^77|P 
 
 curse, to, 7?p, pi. 77^ ; niX 
 
 cut off, n^^^n ; be cut off, 
 
 D 
 
 Damsel, *^y^ (in Pent.) 
 
 darkness, "^^H 
 
 dash, to, Pj^5, against, 3; 
 impf. 
 
 daughter, HS 
 
 I dawn, yh', nn^ 
 
 day, DV 
 
 dayspring, see dawn 
 deaf, B^nn 
 dearth, l^y'n
 
 252 
 
 HEBREW 
 
 deceit, rf^l 
 
 deceive, to, 135, c. 1/ (to 
 steal the heart of) 
 
 deed, hvh 
 
 deep, pb]^, f. HjW 
 
 deep, the, DinJj), f. 
 
 delight, fSn 
 
 deliver from, rescue, to, 
 
 S^5in,hif. of b:^:; to'pp 
 
 deliver up, ^^IPH ; *^% into 
 hand of 
 
 demand, to, 7^^ 
 
 demon (demigod), "1^ 
 
 den, *^b 
 
 depart, to, 'IID 
 
 deposit, to, "I^p^H; with 
 anyone, T5 ; pass. hof. 
 
 desert, ^S*]^ 
 
 destroy, to, n^HSJ^n, DH*^; 
 nif. pass. 1*1^ 
 
 destruction, HXi^, niBTl^ 
 
 devise, to, l^H 
 
 devour, to, V?3 
 
 dew, 7D 
 
 die, to, n^^:, yi5 
 
 disciple, *1^^7 
 
 PRIMER. 
 
 dismiss, to, hW, pi. of PlSc^ 
 distress, T\1)i 
 
 I TT 
 
 ditch, nn^ 
 
 divide, to (reflex.) yp5^, 
 one's forces, p?!!^ (in 
 impf.) 
 
 divide, to, trans., Vp'^, pyPI 
 
 do, to, nb^v 
 
 do to another (good or evil) 
 
 " T 
 
 do good, n^D^ri; evil, nD 
 
 (^og, n^l 
 
 doing, vySp 
 
 doom (judgment), [H 
 
 door, n?*! 
 downwards, Ht^^/ 
 draw nigh, to, ^^3, I'lp 
 draw a sword, f]?^ 
 dread, to, Hnn, nif. ; impf. 
 
 dread, in3 
 
 dressed, to be, ^l'?, ^3^* 
 
 drink, to, HH^ 
 
 dry, to be, ^y 
 
 dumb, DpX
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 253 
 
 dust, nsy 
 dwell, to, IK^: 
 
 dwelling, a, 2f)^; h)^] (of 
 a star) 
 
 E 
 
 Each... other, VPIX ... ^K, 
 see Gr. p. 50. 
 
 eagle, "^^^ 
 
 ear, |TX, f, 
 
 earth, pNI, f. 
 
 earthquake, H^JT 
 
 east, Dnj5 
 
 east wind, DHp 
 
 eat, to, 7^^ 
 
 edge (of sword, etc.), HS, 
 constr. *3 
 
 eight, n;ibK^ 
 
 eldest, firstborn, 1)^^ 
 eleven, ib^y ^H^y (also 
 
 "y "in«) 
 
 empty, to, pp3; nif. impf. 
 
 pis' 
 end, fp, tjiD, nnrix (of 
 
 time) 
 end, to, intrans. D^ri ; impf. 
 
 enemy, ^^^<, ptcp. of i!5^ 
 enlighten, to, 1*^^M (hif. of 
 
 liN) 
 
 envy, HJSt^p 
 
 escape, to, tD7^J, nif. of u7!2 
 (2) Wi (in impf., nif. 
 of h)i^) 
 
 establish, to, W'^, m\ (to 
 set, appoint) 
 
 evening, 1*]^ 
 
 everlasting, Dviy 
 
 every, bb 
 
 evil, adj. and n., ^H, f. HS^*] 
 
 exalted, to be, D1*1 
 
 excellence, "iHItt 
 
 execute, to (fulfil), wh^n 
 
 exiled, to be, Tt7^ 
 
 expanse, Tp^ 
 
 expiate, to, 133, for, 7^ 
 
 extol, to, D^il, pil. of UT) 
 
 eye, t:V, f.
 
 254 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 F 
 
 Face, D"*^3, constr. ^^3 
 fail, to, ^pn 
 
 fair, n|);, f. ns: 
 
 faithful, p^} 
 faithfulness, good faith, 
 
 fall, to, h^; 
 
 fall back, backslide, ilD 
 fall do-wn (in reverence), 
 
 n)nr\m • see r\m, 
 
 Heb. Eng. Gloss, 
 false, :3T3 
 falsehood, ^T3 
 famine, ^yn 
 
 famous = man of name 
 farmer, HpnX &'^ 
 fashion, to, ^^* 
 father, ^i;5 
 fatherless, U^T\\ 
 fear, to, XT 
 
 feast, Jn ; to hold a f. ^jIH 
 feeble (soft), "p. 
 fence, H^Tlil 
 
 festival, nn^y, nyi^, ^nyi'^ 
 field, rrp 
 
 fight, to, Dn?0; against, ?; 
 with ■Dy 
 
 filled, to be, X?^; to fill, pi. 
 find, to, ^^^12 
 
 f 1 T T 
 
 finish, to, uh^r}', nb 
 
 firmament, see expanse 
 first, pSTiSn ; (of month) nnX 
 fish, to, T\: coll. nJI 
 
 ? 7 T / T T 
 
 five, n^bPt 
 
 fix up, to, 1^13, D^pn 
 flask, V^n5 (bowl) 
 fleet, "'iX 
 fleet, see swift 
 flesh, ^m 
 flood, 7^3^, m. 
 
 flower, nrv, f ;?, nv;i 
 
 fly (of birds), tjiy 
 
 fly (escape), TH^ 
 
 foe, n.^lX, ptcp., of rx 
 
 fold, rrn}
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY 
 
 255 
 
 folly, rh^ 
 food, nS^x 
 fool, ':';i;i; 'np 
 
 foot, hyi; feet, D.^S^I 
 
 for (instead of), nn^l 
 
 forget, to, HDK^ 
 
 forgive, to, 7 ^<^^; for- 
 given, to be (of a sin), 
 13::, pu. 
 
 forgiveness, nilvP 
 
 form, shape, H^IDri; D/V 
 
 forsake, Xiy 
 
 forty, D^y™ 
 found, to, ID) 
 fount, ]1Vp 
 
 four, ny:n>x 
 
 frame, to, *1VJ 
 
 free, 'ppn 
 
 free, to set, "H vhp 
 
 frog, y^iijy 
 
 from, "1^; ^ prefixed to 
 gutt. 
 
 fruit, n|) 
 
 fulfil, to (vow), dW 
 
 G 
 
 Gain, to, n3j5 
 
 gape open, to, nv|) 
 
 garden, j3, 1133 
 
 gate, lyK' 
 
 gateway, nri|) 
 
 gather, to, ]^5p ; reflex. 
 
 gathering, b'HO 
 generation, 1)1 
 ghoul, I^V^ (hairy goat) 
 
 girdle, IIT^, rTlUri 
 
 girdled, to be, 'ITNI, c. ace. 
 
 girl, nih'. 
 
 give, to, p^ 
 
 give up, to, *)^ilpn ; to, 1^5 
 
 glide, to, t)^n, tj':'ni 
 ffioom, nicj'n 
 
 O 7 T T -: 
 
 glorify, to, HSS 
 glorious, ini< 
 glory, mn3; \m
 
 256 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 glow, to, Vl^in 
 go, to, "^Sn 
 
 go by, to, l^y (of time) 
 
 go out, to, 5<^) 
 
 go round, ^5P; ^""jpn 
 
 goad, I^ll^l 
 
 goat, ly, D'TV 
 
 God, mh^ 
 
 going, march, ^IIIvm 
 gold, ^HT; poet. T3, DHS, 
 
 pin 
 good, niD, f. nniD 
 
 gradually, see Gr. p. 151 (b) 
 grapes, bunch of, ijy, ^5?^ 
 grass, nb^S?; i^^ 
 grave, ^5)7 ; •^11^'? 
 
 great, to be, 13^5 
 
 great, to make, 7*1^ 
 
 great, 7*1*15 
 
 greatly, IXp 
 
 greatness, 7*15 
 
 grieve, to, HiS^, nif ; 7^t^, 
 hithpa. 
 
 grievous, to be, ys?*! 
 
 o;round, n^*li< 
 
 grow up, to, 7*15 
 
 guard oneself, to, ^^tJ^5, c. 
 
 guerdon, Hj^'lV 
 
 guide, to, y/'^'^, hif of 
 
 guilt, pv 
 
 H 
 
 Ha! n.N?n 
 hail, nn3 
 
 hair, a, rTiy^; white hair, 
 
 T •* 
 
 hallow, to, ^"""^pn (also, to 
 acquit) 
 
 halt, see lame 
 
 hand, 1), f. ; DH), du. ; '% 
 constr. 
 
 handmaid, nilfiK^ 
 
 harm, to, n^'^I)! 7^|; (the 
 verb takes a sufF.)
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 257 
 
 harp, 11i!l3 
 
 harvest, "T'Vp 
 
 hasten, to, ^H^, pi. 
 
 hate, to, X^^, and pi. ptcp., 
 foe 
 
 hatred, r\i<p 
 
 have, to, v l^^. (there is to 
 me); V'^^^f'^l, all 
 that I have 
 
 he, ^^1n 
 
 head, mi 
 
 hear, to, VJ^p 
 
 heart, inl^, ^b 
 
 heat, ''in 
 
 heathen, adj., i^^b (pol- 
 luted) ; D^ i5 (nations) 
 
 heavy, to be (burdensome, 
 severe), 1125 
 
 heed, to, nxi, IfiSJ' 
 
 7 7 T t7 - t 
 
 heifer, n':>:iy 
 
 7 T : V 
 
 help, to, nm 
 
 help, n^Ty 
 
 hence, 113^ (from here) 
 herdsman, Hyh 
 here ! Hiiri (voici !) c. suff. 
 ^ewn-stone, T\''U 
 
 high, D1 (ptcp., of D*I1) 
 hind, n'^^i^ 
 holy, 2i^np 
 honour, *lii3 
 
 honoured, to be, 15P^; 
 
 honour, to, ^5-? 
 hope, nipri 
 
 hope, to, n^n, pi. c. ace. 
 and 7 
 
 hope (wait), 711^ pi. ; Sh^.*, 
 impf. 
 
 horn, Pi"?; du. D^;i'lfp 
 horseman, SJ^l^ (parrash) 
 house, n^5; constr. n*5 
 how! n^, n^, D^, see Gr. 
 
 P- 
 how, quomodo, ^^ 
 
 howl, to, hh'ri 
 
 humble, to, h'^n 
 
 humility, 11)^5? 
 
 hundred, HN^; constr. HX^ 
 
 hungry, to be, yOl^; also 
 adj. 
 
 husband, tJ'^N, ^^5 
 
 husbandman, ")5X; see 
 farmer 
 
 hushed, to be, ^t2'l 
 
 18
 
 258 
 
 HEBREW rniMER. 
 
 I, ^isi, ^5^X 
 ice, rrij^ 
 idol, '^w, dSv 
 
 if, -DX, ^3 
 ill-will, n^p 
 in, into, 5 pref. 
 inherit, to, ^1) 
 innocence, |VJp^ 
 
 innocent, ^j5^ 
 
 instead of, Pnri; DJ^riJ?, c. 
 
 suff. 
 interpreter, |* v!?, hif. ptcp. 
 
 of yh 
 
 into (of change), ? 
 invoke, to, 5 ^^*lp 
 iron, 7n5 
 it, X\n, nXT, f.; Nin, m. 
 
 Joy, nn^^; mm 
 
 judge, tOSJy 
 judge, to, tOS^ 
 
 judgment, t03^D 
 
 just, to be, p'lV, impf. A 
 
 justice, pn^; tOB^p 
 
 K 
 
 Keep, to, 1^'^ 
 
 kid, n;i, pi. D^n?, constr. 
 
 kill, to, :iin 
 
 kind, Tpn 
 
 kindness, lOT) 
 king, "^^9 
 kingdom, nD7&^ 
 knee, "Tl-ll, du. D:313 
 know, to, VI); pass., nif.
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 259 
 
 Lack, to, icn, ion* 
 
 7 7 - T 7 ' : V 
 
 lack, pPn 
 
 lacking, IDtl ; 1. honesty, 
 
 lad, nS;, nyj 
 
 lair, "^b 
 
 lame, HDS 
 
 lamentation, 7i^^5 
 
 lamp, ^i 
 
 land, p«, pi. ni^f'^^{ 
 
 lano^uao-e, HSb^ 
 
 last, see end 
 
 laugh, to, pnb' 
 
 lay hold of, to, JTSri, 5 
 
 lead, to, "^h^r^ ; N*^nri (hof. 
 pass.) ; nnj, impf. hif. 
 
 leaf, nSy 
 
 7 V T 
 
 lean, thin, p% pi. D^jp*! 
 lean upon, to, J^^-?; /S] 
 leap for joy, P^, 7^^ 
 leave, to, iiy 
 left, the, '?i^<^:^ 
 lie down, to, '2^^ 
 
 life, D^*ri; tJ'Sj, pi. msi'Sp 
 
 lifted up, to be, D1*l (of 
 pride) 
 
 light, ""li^ 
 
 likeness (look, aspect), IXh, 
 
 line (measure), vJH 
 
 lion, nj<, nn« 
 
 lip, nSb'; du. D:n|5^, cstr. 
 little, tb|5 
 
 live, to, ri^n 
 
 " J T T 
 
 living, *n 
 loftv, D^, flbH 
 
 ./ 7 t7 - T 
 
 long, to, ri)J<, hithpa. c. inf. 
 and 7 
 
 look at, to, £D^5ri; HXI; 
 
 on, 5 
 lord, JTO; my lord! ^;l^^? 
 lot, 7*11;!, p7n (portion) 
 
 love, to, rini^, fsn 
 
 loveliness, '•S'!, Isa. xxxiii. 
 17. 
 
 low, to be, ^SK' 
 
 IS*
 
 260 
 lower, to, bring low, TBK'n 
 
 lower, adj., ""liinri, f. n"'jyinn 
 
 HEBREW PRIMEK. 
 
 lowliness, ni3y 
 
 lust, Tm}^ 
 
 M 
 
 Maiden, ThT\'2 virgfo; H^Sy 
 
 7 T : O ' r : - 
 
 puella 
 maidenhood, Dviri3 
 make, to, TW'Q] (appoint), 
 
 maker, nb'y 
 man, DnX; a, ^'^J< 
 mankind, DIJ^H 
 
 7 T T T 
 
 many, 11, D'*51 
 
 meet, to, yJ3, c. 5 (= hit 
 upon) 
 
 midst, "^^fl 
 
 might, TJ^ 
 
 mighty, liSil 
 
 milk, nSn 
 
 moan, ^^J^{ 
 
 modesty = humility 
 
 moistened, to be, lb*l 
 
 moment, in a, ^^"^3, VT] 
 
 money, f)p5 ; (a bribe), IH^ 
 
 month, ^^n 
 
 moon, T\y 
 
 more than, "|p 
 
 morning, "IPS 
 
 mother, DJSt 
 
 mould, to, *)V* 
 
 mountain, 'IH 
 
 mourn, to, SlN, S:3K* 
 
 mouth, n3 
 
 much, ih (multitude) 
 
 myriad, H^ll'l 
 
 N 
 
 Name, b^' 
 
 name, to, X*lp, 1^^{, 'p 
 
 nation, DV, ""lil 
 
 near, ihj:?; prep. S^X
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 261 
 
 near, draw, to, I'll"? 
 
 neck, "IJ^'lV, and pi. 
 
 neighbour, see near 
 
 new, ^"in 
 
 next, adv., *inx 
 
 night, riT? 
 
 noise, [i^H 
 
 no longer, 1iy . . . k? 
 
 no man, 73 . . . ^^7; px c. 
 ptcp. 
 
 nose, D^£)J|{ 
 
 nostril, PjX 
 
 not, N7 (gen. non); 7^{ 
 (gen. ne); see Gr. 
 p. 163. 
 
 not (is, are not), "px, c. 
 suff. 
 
 nothingness, 7^n, px 
 
 now, nriy 
 
 now (hortatory enclitic), i<2l" 
 
 
 
 Oak of weeping, nm pW 
 
 oath, nyiin^ 
 
 occupy, to, ti^y 
 offence, HX^H 
 offend, to, XtOH 
 
 7 7 T T 
 
 offspring, VIT 
 
 old, IpT 
 
 old age, D^^lpl 
 
 old time, D'l|!5 
 
 on (of time), 5 
 
 on (upon), 75? ; c. suff. vp, 
 see Gr. Suff. Pron. 
 
 once, nri5< D^B (one time) 
 
 one, '^^^5 
 
 / T V 
 
 only, adv. restrict, pi 
 
 open, to, np2; pass., nif. 
 
 open, to (intr.), HHS ; (the 
 mouth), n^£) 
 
 oppression, ''^y 
 
 order, to, H^V, c. ? 
 
 order, set in, arrange, '^'1)2 
 
 ornament, Dv?, v3 {crKevrD 
 
 ourselves, see Gr. Pronouns 
 
 out of, "p
 
 262 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 outstretched, ^1tO!l 
 overturn, to, "^SH ; impf. 
 
 ox, y\'J 
 
 oxen, np3, coll. 
 
 Pain, ]mVt 
 
 palm (of hand), f)3 
 
 pant, to, n^sn, ff^p 
 
 pass over, to, cross, 1^^ 
 
 passenger, ^l!!^ 
 
 path, S|yp, ^'I'l 
 
 patient, ))V 
 
 pay, to (a vow), DT^ 
 
 peace, to make, Dv^H; 
 with, "HN* 
 
 peace, D17^ 
 
 pearls(?), D^i^J?) 
 
 people, Dy 
 
 perfect, D^^H 
 
 perish, to, *I5^5 
 
 perverse, ^j^J) 
 
 pillar, n'lay, nn^o 
 
 pity, to, pH; impf. [h: 
 place, Dip^ 
 
 plague, ^51 
 
 plant, to, yt:;i 
 
 planted, 'r'ln^ 
 pleasant, D**!?^ (amaenus) 
 pleasantness, Dpi 
 plenty, ynb' 
 
 plow, to, s^nn 
 
 plow, a, n^")DD 
 plunder, ri7TH 
 poor, JVliS*, ^;^, D^*;iy 
 portioned out, to be, pyH 
 pour, to, "^3^ 
 poverty, tJ'^l 
 praise, to, /^H 
 praise, n^njjl 
 pray! i<J (end.) 
 prayer, Hp^Jjl 
 precept, nip3 
 precious, 'IjT
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 263 
 
 prepare, to, p^H 
 preserve, to (keep alive), 
 
 n*n 
 
 prevail over, to, /b), c. ? 
 
 pride, HIXJ 
 
 prince, "V, "l7;i (str. Na- 
 zirite) 
 
 profane, ^3n 
 
 profane, to, 7pn 
 
 prolong, to, "^W 
 
 prophecy, T}^^!) 
 
 prophet, X"*^!! 
 
 proverb, 7^9 
 
 prowess, n*11i5 
 
 pull down, to, |*n^ 
 
 punish, to, lp3 
 
 pure, *15 
 
 pure, to be, "^51; hif. to 
 make pure, HDT 
 
 purify, to, ppT (to strain); 
 pu. pass. 
 
 purity, ]Vpi 
 
 purple, T\vl'\T\ 
 
 pursue, to, P|*l'^ ; after, ^IHi:? 
 
 put, to, inj, n^^' 
 
 put down, TyiT\ 
 
 Queen, n^?^ 
 
 Q 
 
 quicken, to (make alive), T\\T\ 
 
 R 
 
 Rain, "ItO?: 
 
 rain, to, *^^b9^l 
 
 raise, to, C^lH, hif. of D^*!; 
 
 D^pn, hif. of Dip 
 ransom, /Xjl, ITIS 
 
 ratify, to, D^pD; hif. of Dip 
 
 reach, to, ? T^'^ 
 
 recompense, J^p^V ; see 
 return 
 
 red, to be, DIX
 
 264 
 
 redeem, to, vXil 
 
 reed, n^j^ 
 
 rein, ]Cr) 
 
 remember, to, ^pT 
 
 renown, Up 
 
 repay, to, b^3, ypT], dW 
 
 reproach, to, ^*in, pi. 
 
 reproach, T^pIT}^ H^S^ 
 
 requite = repay 
 
 resemble, to, TM^l^ nif. 
 
 rest, to, \V0, m, r\2p 
 
 return, 7^&ll 
 
 return, to, i^^, hif. trans. 
 
 revolution, HS^pJ^ 
 
 riches, h\r}^ ^f]3 
 
 xIEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 right, the, p^! (hand) 
 rise, to, U)p 
 
 river, iriD ; pi. Cnn^ and m 
 roar, to, H^n, DHJ 
 
 roar, \m, r\^m 
 robe, n^i, S^yD, r\tht 
 
 rock, to, tOiD, nif. 
 rod, nm 
 
 roll away, to, vjIH (in impf.) 
 hif. of hh^ 
 
 root, JJ'nb" 
 
 rot, to, !3p*l 
 
 ruin, nSin 
 
 ? T : T 
 
 rule, to, S^9, 5 
 run, pn 
 
 Sacrifice, HIT 
 salt, nS^ 
 salvation, T\W'> 
 sanctify, to, ^'^p 
 satisfied, to be, V^^ 
 save, to, W)r\ (V^:) 
 
 say, to, ^^X 
 
 scare, to, nyS 
 
 scatter, to, HnT (pi.), pSH 
 
 sceptre, L3^^ 
 
 scribe, *1$D 
 
 sea, D), "D)
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSAKY. 
 
 265 
 
 seat, n^iD 
 second, W, ^'^^ 
 see, to, DNI 
 
 7 / T T 
 
 seed, yiT 
 seek, to, J^P5 
 seize, to, THi^, T^^^^ 
 sell, to, 1^f2 
 send, to, D?^ 
 serve, to, 1^)3 
 set, to, D^B^ 
 set, fix, to, n^K^ 
 set up, to, y^ri (:2XJ) 
 
 settle, to, ymr\ ci^') 
 
 seven, seventy, see 
 pp. 66, 67 
 
 shadow, 7V 
 
 shaking, HSI^ri 
 
 shame, HB^S 
 
 sharp, in 
 
 shed, to, "^S^ 
 
 sheep, ]X^ 
 
 shepherd, nyi 
 
 shield, ]yf2 
 
 shine, to, y3\ hif. 
 
 ship, n*;iNi 
 
 Gr. 
 
 shiver, to, yiJ 
 shoot forth, to, ri^ib^fH 
 shoulder, DD^ 
 shoutino^, n-J^ 
 
 show = make see, hif. 
 shriek, to, py^ 
 shrine, l^lb 
 shut, to, IJp 
 sickness, vD 
 sighing, nn^X 
 sight, nxi^ (look) 
 sign, m^{ 
 silver, P]p3 
 
 sin, to, ^{tD^, Nton^ 
 
 sin, a, ^^{^^ 
 
 sincerity, ntJK 
 
 sing, to, y^ 
 
 sinner, NISH 
 
 sister, ninK, Gr. p. 65 
 
 slander, to, Cj'in, 7^*1 
 
 slave, l^Vl 
 
 slay, to, Jl'iri 
 
 sleep, T])^ 
 
 sleep, to, [SJ';, J^^^. 
 
 small, fbp, [bp
 
 266 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 smile, see laugh 
 
 smite, to, ri3n (H^i) 
 
 smoke, [^V 
 
 smoothness, p/H 
 
 snow, J^p 
 
 softly, tDih 
 
 son, [5 
 
 song, y^ 
 
 sore, y*1 
 
 sorrow, fl^l 
 
 soul, ^|3i 
 
 sound, zip 
 
 south, ]m, :2^^. 
 
 sow, to, J^^T 
 
 speak, to, "n^"^ 
 
 spirit, T}T) 
 
 spoil, ^^^^ 
 
 sport, to, pH!^, pi. 
 
 spotted, np^ 
 
 spread out, to, HDJ, ^^13 
 
 spring, a, J^VO 
 
 stafF, ':'pO 
 
 stand, to, lt2iV 
 
 star, 135^3 
 
 statute, pn, D*pn 
 steal, to, 335 (also qal) 
 steer, "13, S^y 
 
 still, yet, niy 
 
 stone, |3NI 
 stop, to, intr., l^V 
 storm, "lyp 
 
 straightness, pl^, 1)^''^ 
 strange = wonderful 
 stranger, ^3 
 stream, J7|l 
 street, p^K^, fin 
 strength, pin, T^ 
 strengthen, to, pTH 
 strife, nn 
 strike, H^J, hif. 
 stripes, ri3D, coll. 
 
 strong, pjn, nw^ 
 
 suckle, to, py, hif. 
 substance (wealth), ^13") 
 sulphur, nn?^ 
 sun, m*^ 
 
 supplications, D^^l^np 
 swallow, to, y7^
 
 swear, to, V^^^ 
 
 sweat, nyf 
 
 sweet, to be, I'll? 
 
 EXGLISII-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 swift, 7p 
 swim, to, TiTlHi^ 
 
 / 7 T T 
 
 267 
 
 sword, yy!) 
 
 T 
 
 Take, to, T]p7 ; (a city) *1j7 
 
 take down, to, inin, hif. 
 of IT; pass. hof. 
 
 tall, tlh^ 
 
 teach, to, ynin, hif. of 
 
 tear away, to, 7T| ; from, p 
 tear in pieces, to, Vj^'2 
 tell, to, *151; (good news) 
 
 tempt, to, JlDi; p!! (to 
 test); nif. pass. 
 
 temptation, riD^ 
 
 ten, nb'y 
 
 tender, '^'n 
 
 tender mercies, D^isn'l 
 
 tent, SniS 
 
 terror, ririp!3, Jl^^PS poet. 
 
 thank, to, nnin, hif. of m^ 
 
 thanksgiving, ITliJ^ 
 
 that, N^n, f. N^ri; pi. nm, 
 f. n^n 
 
 thigh, "^jn;; constr. *^T, f. 
 thin, pi, 
 thinor, -iin"! 
 
 O' T T 
 
 this, nj, f. nwst; pi. rhi^ 
 
 thorn, ]*ip 
 
 thou, nrix, f. ri5< 
 
 thousand, 5)7?;^ 
 throne, ^sD^ 
 throw, to, '^h^n 
 
 thrust through, to, Ijyi 
 thunder, to, D^yiH 
 
 till, to, nny 
 
 time, ny 
 together, *in^ 
 toil, Xl% h^V 
 
 1 - • •,> T T
 
 268 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 token, nSI^ 
 
 tongue, pSJ^7 
 
 tooth, J^'; teeth, U'W 
 
 totter, to, tOltti, nif. of 
 
 treasure, ^)^)i<', pi. nm^ 
 tree, J*y 
 trouble, nnv 
 
 trust in, to, [""P^f^? ^- ?' 
 npn (take refuge with) 
 
 turn (round) to, intr. H^S, 
 n:3^; ]|)n5 and she 
 turned 
 
 turn into, to, "^SH, c. v 
 
 turn backward, to, ^IID, nif. 
 
 two, D:^^'; constr. ';^p; f. 
 
 u 
 
 Under, nnri 
 
 understanding, HJ^S, ^5|^l' 
 Underworld, the, hi^f 
 upon, by 
 
 upper, Py^, adj. 
 upright, *1^J 
 uproot, to, tJ^IK^, pi. 
 
 Valley, X^|, p^^ 
 
 vanity, Snn (a breath), i<p 
 
 veil, Pl^;iV 
 
 very, "IXtt (after adj.) 
 
 vessel, v3 
 
 village, *ll^n, pi. D^— and 
 
 m- 
 
 vine, t?5 
 vineyard, 0*13 
 vision, *X'n 
 visit, to, Tpfi 
 voice, zip 
 vow, ^"13 
 vow, to, T]^
 
 ENGLISH-HEBREW GLOSSARY. 
 
 269 
 
 W 
 
 Wa^es, "IDK^ 
 
 wail, to, hh^T\ 
 
 wait, to, /H*; njp, for, ? 
 
 walk, "^/H 
 
 wander, to, riyri, 1)1 
 
 wanderer, pi 
 
 war, n^n?^ 
 
 / T T : • 
 
 wary, to be, 1^^); c. "[^, 
 beware of 
 
 waste, to lay, D^H, hif, of 
 
 watch, to, 1^^; over, 7J^ 
 watch, to, nS^ (observe) 
 water, D^^ 
 water, to, T^p^r' 
 
 hi 
 
 wave 
 
 way, XP^^ 
 weak, Ifl, tJ^^n 
 weapon, v5 
 weary, V^JJ 
 weary, to be, T]ip^ 
 weep, to, n^il 
 
 weeping, *55 
 well, a, '^^?5 
 wheel, 7^7^ 
 where? H^i^ 
 white, p7 
 white hair, Tiy'li^ 
 
 7 T •• 
 
 who, which, that, 1^5:^, see 
 Gr. p. 45, note (3) 
 
 who ? ^^ ; what, H^ 
 
 whole = sound, Di?^' 
 
 why? y!)'^^ 
 
 wicked, y^l 
 
 wickedness, Jl^'H 
 
 widow, ^li^7^{ 
 
 wife, nm^ constr. H^X 
 
 wilderness, n!3*iy, ^STJb 
 
 will, to (desire), }*^n 
 
 will, fsn 
 
 willows, D^5^^ 
 
 wind, nil, pi. T\)r\)1 
 
 wine, p^ 
 
 wise, D^n
 
 270 
 
 HEBREW PRIMER. 
 
 Avith (instr.), 5; (accomp.) 
 
 wither, to, /^^ 
 wolf, ^i^] 
 woman, see wife 
 womb, pil 
 wonderful, is7^) 
 
 word, 111 
 
 } T T 
 
 work, a, r\m^, Tlti^hb, ht2^ 
 
 f 1 •: —. \- f T T : / T T 
 
 work, to, n^V 
 
 world, D7iy (late use = 
 aLcov) 
 
 wrath, 5)5^, Pj^j-J, m 
 
 write, to, IHS, impf. 
 
 Year, Hi?^, pi. QV and Hi- 
 yoke, 7J; 
 
 young, jbp 
 
 youth, Dn^y^
 
 THE 
 
 MERCHANT TAYLORS' 
 
 HEBREW GRAMMAR 
 
 BY THE 
 
 Eev. C. J. BALL, M.A., 
 
 Second Classical Master in Merchant Taylors' School. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 The Academi/, Marcli 9, 1878. 
 "This is by far the most useful Hebrew Grammar for beginners. It states 
 principles in a simple and straightforward manner, and is generally accurate. It is 
 also the first Grammar of English origin in which the languages closely allied to 
 
 Hebrew are used for the purpose of comparison Mr. Bail's comparative 
 
 philology, however, is only incidental ; his knowledge of the facts of the language is 
 solid and accurate. The book deserves to become popular in schools and colleges." 
 
 The Athenceum, December 16, 1878. 
 "Me. Ball's 'Merchant Taylors' Grammar' is certainly accurate and well- 
 arranged, but we object to the introduction of comparative matter in a work 
 intended for the use of beginners." 
 
 The Church Quarter I)/, January, 1878. 
 "A work constructed on philosophical principles, and not unworthy of the 
 ancient and famous school from which it comes." 
 
 Multfe terricolis lingiiie, coelestibus una. 
 
 LONDON: 
 SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 
 
 15, PATEENOSTEE EOW. 
 
 Octavo, Paper wrapper, 4s. 6d.
 
 A CARD OP 
 
 HEBREW 
 
 NOUNS AND YERBS 
 
 DEAWN UP 
 
 Rev. C. J. BALL, M.A., 
 
 Second Classical Master in Merchant Taylors' School. 
 
 MultsB terricolis linguffl, ccBlestibus una. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 
 
 15, PATERNOSTER ROW. /^ 
 
 Small Quarto, Cloth, 3s. 6d.
 
 University of California 
 
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