GERMAN GRAMMAR- FOR BEGINNERS BY PAUL VALENTINE BACON A L L Y N ' AND BACON Boston ani Chicago COPYRIGHT, 1907 AND 1912, BY PAUL VALENTINE BACON. EDT PREFACE. IN beginning German, most teachers use simple stories in connection with the grammar drill. Difficulties arise from the necessity of learning two vocabularies, as well as from the lack of correlation between the stories and the grammar. In this book the commonest words of the reading form the vocabulary of the exercises, thus allowing more time for gram- mar work. The stories were written expressly for this pur- pose and give the pupil at the outset familiar and usable words. These are mainly cognates, so that the reading may begin as soon as the German letters have been learned. The book includes seventy-two lessons, of which every fifth one is a review. In addition to this, Lessons XXXVII- XL review the first half, and Lessons LXV-LXXII the whole book, taking up at the same time the irregular verbs. These last eight lessons form an excellent summary with which to begin the second year. Special attention is invited to the way in which the gram- mar is developed. After the first essentials are finished, each important topic is treated in a group ojive lessons, making the book particularly systematic and thorough. Modals are intro- duced early, as they are vital. The treatment of the Depend- ent Order is put off till the relative pronoun occurs, and then the first half of the book is reviewed with the Dependent Order, making that the one new subject in Lessons XXXVII-XL. The Subjunctive is brought in earlier than in most books, to allow more time for practice. The plan of each lesson is simple. The memory gems or idioms are to be learned by heart. Up to Lesson XX they are translated for the pupil. The rules are stated as simply as 313170 PREFACE. possible, and analogies between English and German are con- stantly brought out. The vocabulary contains the main words of the reading that is meant to accompany each Lesson, but those who wish to anticipate or postpone the reading may use the grammar independently, as all the exercises are limited to the words in the separate vocabularies. It is impossible to learn German without constant practice and thorough drill. One object of this book is to furnish a large number of simple exercises. The first division in each consists of half a dozen questions about the story, suiting the book to the "direct method." Next come ten sentences in German illustrating the principles in the lesson, followed by about fifteen English sentences to be put into German. After Lesson XV connected discourse is introduced. Instead of monotonous work on forms, this book has the unique device of getting the pupil to put the story into a different tense, thereby keeping up the thought interest and at the same- time giving syntax drill. To the many teachers who, consciously or unconsciously, have contributed to this book, I wish to express my hearty thanks. In nearly every German class that I have visited, some point of difficulty has been cleared up or some subject presented in a better way than I had previously seen. All the best of these suggestions I have tried to embody in this work. Those teachers who detect their own peculiar methods of pre- sentation will, I trust, approve the appropriation. For inspi- ration, past and present, I am indebted to two former pro- fessors, Kuno Francke of Harvard and Hugo K. Schilling of the University of California, but most of all to my former teachers, Fraulein Anna and Fraulein Minna Sannemann of Hanover, whose wonderful knowledge of language and unusual talent for teaching first initiated me into the beauties of German. PAUL VALENTINE BACON. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION Alphabet Vowels Consonants Xll xiii xiv EASY READING Die Schuler ' Wand'rers Nachtlied Vergissmeinnicht Der Fischer und i Die Lorelei Die Dummen Heidenroslein Du bist wie eine Blume Der Holzhauer Du, du liegst n Der Wirtin Tochterlein Peter Zwirn O Strassburg Goldener Das Schloss am Meer Das Handwerk Der Fiedelboge Der gute Kamerad Die Siebenmeilenstiefel SYNTAX Grammatical Terms 1 iied . . . Goethe . 9 Fallersleben . 9 seine Frau . 10 Heine . 23 ....... . 24 Goethe . 46 Blume . . Heine . 47 ... . 47 im Herzen . . . . * . . 54 :erlein . , Uhland . 55 . 56 ...... . 67 . 68 leer . . . Uhland . 85 ...... . 86 des Neck . 88 xi Uhland . 96 stiefel ...... 97 105 vii viii CONTENTS. LESSON PAG1 I. Present Indicative Active of tyabett and fcitt. Gender. German Questions . . . * . . . .107 n. Past Indicative Active of tyabett and feitt. Nominative and Accusative Cases. Predicate Adjective . .109 m. Present Indicative Active of Weak Verbs. Declension of the Definite Article Ill IV. Past Indicative Active of Weak Verbs. Declension of the Indefinite Article. Progressive and Emphatic Forms. Useofntd)* 113 V. Present Indicative Active of Strong Verbs. Principal Parts of Verbs. Review 115 VI. Past Indicative Active of Strong Verbs. Masculine Nouns of the First Class. The Possessive Genitive . 117 VII. Present Indicative Active of toerfcett. Feminine Nouns of the First Class. The Indirect Object . . .120 VTCI. Past Indicative Active of toerfcett. Neuter Nouns of the First Class. Terms of Address 122 IX. Formation of the Future Tense. Position of the Infini- tive 124 X. Review. Imperative 126 XI. Perfect Indicative Active. Use of Tenses. Nouns of the Second Class 128 XII. Past Perfect Indicative Active. Nouns of the Third Class 132 XIII. Gender and Number of Nouns. Review . . . 134 XIV. Declension of the First Four Classes of Nouns. The Cases. Apposition . . . . . . .138 XV. Future Perfect Indicative Active. Infinitive of Purpose. Review 142 XVI. Prepositions with the Dative or Accusative . . .145 XVII. Personal Pronouns. Position of Objects . . .147 INTRODUCTION. I. VOWELS/ 1. LONG VOWELS. Long a as in father; SSciter, dber. " e " " they; jeljn, 2Beg. " i " " machine; ifytten, bir. " o " " note; @of)tt, lobett. u " mfe; Sul), flttt. 2. SHORT VOWELS. Short a as in a(ha) ; Staffer, SKann. " c " " net; toenn, genfter. i " " pm; gift^, id) bin* o o&ey; @onne, t)otL u pw; glui Gutter. e in unaccented syllables is never silent, but is always distinctly pronounced : arten, Stttter, otte$. Pronounce German final unaccented e like English final unac- cented a. Pronounce @(Je to rhyme with Mecca, ifyre like era. 3. VOWELS WITH UMLAUT. Long a like e in where; SKtibctien, jdfytett. Short a like e in net; Scanner, |)dnbe. Long ij not in English ; fcfyon, ^ontg. Short o " finmett, SBotfe. Long ii " " J!)itre, fitf)Ien. Short ii " ittte, xiii xiv INTE OD UCTIOJST. (a) To pronounce long 5, round the lips as for o in fold, and, while keeping them in this position, try to pronounce a in dale. Short o is the same sound, only shorter. (6) To pronounce long it, round the lips as for oo in boot, and while keeping them in this position, try to pronounce ee in feet. Short it is the same sound, only shorter. NOTE. Be sure not to pronounce long d or long like long e, nor short i> like short e, nor it like u 4. LENGTH OF VOWELS. In accented syllables a vowel is short if followed by two or more consonants or by a double consonant, as in 5ett, SBaffer, gtfcl), SBinter, $imftfer ; other- wise it is long, as in SSater, Sfyal, tfyun, cpler, ba. EXCEPTIONS. A vowel is always long before silent I) : <2>ofytt, Some indeclinables, like an, ab, man, etc., have the vowel short. 5. DIPHTHONGS. at) v . v li etj. v , fSatfer. like ai in aisle : J 1 inter, em. aw like ou in house; au$, Taut. cu] rl ftreu, 8eute. Hike 01 in ^oiZ; ^ ^ auj {aufer r tauten. 6. DIGRAPHS, ETC. ic like long t ; fie, triet. aa " "a; @aal* cc c; (geele. t) like a ; CONSONANTS. xv II. CONSONANTS. Classification. 1. 8 and r are called liquids; m, Tt, and ng, nasals. The remaining consonants are either stops or spirants. A stop is produced by a short puff following a complete closure of the oral passage; as b, b, f, t, p* In pronouncing a spirant, the breath passes through a narrow opening, producing a hissing or buzzing sound ; as \, f, t), fd). 2. A consonant is voiced if the vocal cords vibrate in pro- ducing it, as m, b, b ; otherwise it is voiceless, as , f, p, t* Compare zeal (z voiced), seal (s voiceless) ; van (v voiced), fan (f voiceless) ; bat (b voiced), pat (p voiceless). 3. A consonant is guttural if it is produced between the back part of the tongue and the soft palate ; as g in good, ck in luck. If produced in a similar way, but farther forward, it is palatal; as y in year. It is dental if produced between the fore part of the tongue and the upper teeth; as d, t. It is labial if produced between the lips ; as b, p. III. Pronunciation. 1. Of the consonants, f, I), I, {, m, tt, p, q, t, and , and gen- erally b and b, are pronounced as in English : bdbetl, )tebe, Ijoten, beteti, frcmf, Sftcmn, ^cwr, quer, ee, ftnben. But at the end of a word or part of a compound word, and before voiceless consonants, b is pronounced like p, and b like t. Thus, ab, Slob, 2lbfic^t, 9ftabtf)en, er Uebt, bu labft, grcibft, Iteb, are pronounced as if written d, ot, Sfyfidjt, 2fttitd:)en, er Itept, etc. x vi INTR OD uc r; oy. (a) bt like t: Stabt, gefanbt (6) 1) after an accented vowel is silent : Sttl), faf), fufyfett. (c) d like k: Stocf, SRitcfen. 2. Simple c is found only in foreign words. (a) c before a, 0, U, or a consonant, like fe: gcntdba, Sabtnet, (cmaf, Contract, grebit. (&) c before e, t, a, or ft, like te : Sebar, Stgarre, Sentner. 3. d) is a voiceless spirant. It has two different sounds not found in English. (a) After a, 0, U, au, it is guttural, as in Scotch loch : Slid), )aa% bod), aud). (6) After other vowels and after consonants it is pala- tal: 8td)t, redjt, id), toetdj. NOTE 1. To pronounce the guttural d), raise the back of the tongue till it almost touches the soft palate and expel the breath forcibly. NOTE 2. To pronounce the palatal ater, 23oget. But in foreign words it is pronounced like English v: 2$enu3, SSevcmba, 23erbum. 18. ft) is like English v in vice : ttrir, SBoIf . 19. i is like ts in hats: ju, 3ett, erj. (For and |, see 13 and 16.) 20. In pf, gn, and fn, both letters must be distinctly enun- ciated, as in English, hopfarm, ignoble, banknote: ^ferb, ttdbe, h I PABT'L EASY READING. mar em emitter. -S^^tt Xt)ar f e -SSruber. rid) mar aurf) fein 33ruber. gr% $ol)ann unb Detnrid) maren ^3ritber ie bret ber tuaren Ilein. S)te bret 33riiber fatten etnen 23atei\ er 3Sater iuar gut. ie bret 33riiber fatten and) etne SJJutter. 5 ie Gutter tt)ar aucl) gut. ie bret Keinen 33ritber gint3en in bte @tf)ule. )te brei Sritber tt>aren gute cfyitler. @ie gingen jebett Slag in bte djute. $a, fie toaren gute (Sc^itler. te fatten and) etnen 8e!)rer. J)er Se^rer tnar alt. er Se^rer mar etn guter, ic alter 2JJann. )ie bret Hetnen djitler ternten gut. @te gingen immer in bte @d^u(e. ie gingen im ommer, menn e^ mann mar* )ann mar ba^ ra^ gritn. Sftote 9tofen maren im arten. )er ommer i(t fe^r fdjon. 15 ie gingen aucl) im Sinter jur tfjule. $m Sinter ift e$ fait, ann ift trie! d)nee auf ber tra^e, unb gte ift auf bent Saffer. 9?ein r ber Sinter ift nicfyt f(^on. gute, alte ?eljrer tobte bie brei ^Sritber. @r fagte: i 2 . . . , - : , EAS Y HEADING. ,,Sie brei Sritber firib gute cpler. te lenten fefyr gut e fommen jeben Jag gur cljule. (2te f ommen immer gur Scljule. ie fommen im SBinter imb and) im Sommer. Sie fyaben and) einen guten 23ater imb eine gute SJhttter/ 5 S)er Secret toar alt. @r fag auf etnem (tu^Ie. er erfte 53ruber li)ar feljr Kein. Gr I)ieJ3 gri^. (5r gtng Jeben Jag gur Sdjute. Gr gtng im SBinter, luenn e fait tt)ar, unb er gtng im (Sommer, tDenn e^5 tDami luai. X)er Heine Scfyitler fag anf etner 53an! 10 Gr lernte immer gut. Gr I)atte em Kernel ^3nrf). )a$ 33nd) mar braitn. G\< mar ein engttfdjes 53uc^. G^ mar etn Sefebnd). 3iber ber Heine Sdjitter fonnte nod) ntd)t gnt lefen. Gr mar nod) gu flein, Gr t)atte nur ba^ 9t 53 G gelernt. a$ 2( 53 G (jatte er gnt gelernt. 15 Gr fonnte and) gtifylen. Gr 3a^Ite : f ,Gin^, gmet, bret, nier, fitnf, fed)^ fieben, adjt, nenn, gefyn." ,,2Bte I)eigt bn?" fagte ber 8et)rer. n $d) I)eige gri^/' antmortete ber fteine Skitter. , f Sarnm tommft bu jeben Jag gnr (gdjule?" 20 ,,3d) tt)t(t Diet lernen. ^tf) ^^H Softer merben. Gin Sof- ter mug tnel miffen. 9)lein 3Sater nnb meine 3ftntter fagen immer : , grit^, bn mngt gut (ernen/ " $&," fagte ber gute, alte Setter, ,,bu mugt gut lernen. 3lber bu bift nod) tlctti. Su ^aft nod) t)tef ^ett Su fannfr 25 nod) totete -3al)re lernen. S)ie alt bift bu ? /y ^^d) 6tti fed)3 ^al)re alt/' fagte ber Heine center. Ser ^meite Sruber mar and) Hein. Gr ^ieg 3^ ann - r ging aud) Jeben Jag gur cf)ule. Gr ging im ommer, menn grim mar, unb er ging im 2Binter, menu Gi3 unb DIE SCHULER. 3 djnee auf ber Strafe maren. Sr mar ein guter @rf)uter. Sr ternte immer gut, Sr fjatte jtoet 33ud)er. Sr fjatte ein beutfd)e3 Sud) unb ein engtifd)e$ 33ud). )a$ beutfdje S3ud) mar braun. papier in bem 33ud) mar ntdjt braun. (3 mar meift, engtifd)e 33ut^ mar rot. Sa^ beutfd)e ud) mar ftein, aber ba3 engtifd)e 53u(^ mar nit^t llein. &> mar gro^. S^ mar ein Sefebud). gmeite Sruber lonnte gut eutfd) tefen r aber er fonnte nit^t gut eutfd) fprecben. @r fagte: 10 n $d) !ann nod) ni(^t gut eutft^ fpredjen unb ii) Derfte^e e^ auc^ noc^ nit^t gut. 2tber id) mitt e^ gut ternen. SBenn id) gro^ bin, mitt id) nad) S5eutf(^tanb gefjen. eutfc^tanb ift ein fdjbnes 8anb. $n eutfd)tanb fpredjen atte eutft^. 3Keiu 3Sater mar einmaf in )eutfd)tanb. (Sr ^at ben 9?f)ein 15 'gefefyen unb bte tabt Sertin unb t>iefe anbere tabte. ^n 55eutfd)(anb ift e^ fe^r ft^on." ,,2Bte t)ei^t bein SSater?" fragte ber Se^rer. ,,2Bie tange mar er in eutfdjtanb ? u 20 ff @r mar brei ^a^re in eutft^tanb." ff 2Ba^ t^at bein SSater ba?" & ftubierte." ff a23o ftubierte er?" ,,Sr ftubierte auf ber Untocrfitftt in 33ertin." 25 mittft bu merben? 2Bittft bu and) )oftor merben?" > u fagte ber @d)uter, ,,id) mitt nid)t Sjoltor merben. ^d) mitt triet ternen, unb menu id) gro bin, mitt id) 53itd)er fd)reiben." EASY READING. fitr em 33ucfy t)aft bit ba?" ($ ift ntein englifd)e$ Sefebudj." ,,2Bo Ijaft bu betn beutfcfyeS 33ucl)?" ,,3ct) toetB titd^t. .^d) farm e$ nid)t finben. D {a, metn 5 33ruber |)einridf) fyat e$. ^einric^! ^itte, gieb mir rnein ff tann(t bu gut )eutfcf) tcfcn?" fel)r pt." ben erften a^ auf ber erften @eite." tt)ar einmal em SKann. liefer SJiann ^atte etn 3^ Dcrftc^c ba^ 9Bort ,Sinb' nic^t. $Ba^ tft cm f ,Sm Stnb tft Hem, uub tt)enn e^ fed^^ $afjre alt tft, ge^t e^ in bte i^ule. SBte t)tele 33utf)ftaben ftnb in bent SBorte 15 ,inb< ?" tr $n biefent SBorte finb t)ier SSuc^ftaben^' fr ut r (erne Me erften Stocm^ig 3 e ^ en au f ^^ e f er cite. a^ tft beine 9lufgabe fitr ^eute. Serne bie 3lufgabe gut." $&, ify leme meine beutf^e 2lufgabe tmnter gut. -3d) 20 mill Seutfcf) lernen, fo ba^ td^ e gut tierftefyen unb fprec^en !ann. 9ftein 9Sater lann gut eutftf) fpredjen, imb er t)erfte()t e^ fefyr gut. (5r ^at aut^ fctefe beutf(i)e 53itc^er. @r Heft oft beutfcf)e 53it^er. Sr fprtc^t oft ntit un^ tion 25 )er britte Sruber ^te^ ^etnrirf). (5r lernte aud^ gut unb ging aurf) Jeben Stag jur S(i)u(e. @r ^atte t)te(e 53itrf)er. gr I)atte beutf^e 53itcf)er unb englifcfye Sitter. "@r fonnte gut S5eutfd) lefen. gr fonnte auc!) X>eutf(^ fprerf)en. Sr lernte immer gut, unb er mar ein guter cpter. f DIE SCHULER. 5 toittft bu toerben?" fragte ber Scorer ben britten Sruber. ,,2Biflft bu and) Softer merben?" ,,5ftein," fagte ber britte Srnber. n $tf) tirilt nid)t Softer toerben. Qi) twit gefyrer toerben. .gd) ^itt ^rofeffor toerben an einer gro^en Unifcerfitat Qtf) toerbe entfcf) le^ren, nnb 5 ttf) tuerbc Dtclc tnbenten ^aben* Slber erft ntu^ id) nod) Did lernen. ^c^ toil! nad) Scrim gefjen. Sertin tft eine groe, fd)one tabt $d) tottt in Berlin ftubieren nnb triel lernen." ,,ter anf bem Stifle Kegt ein fe^r bi(Je 53n^. g ift 10 eine SibcL SBa^ tft ber erfte @a^ in ber Sibet? SBei^t bn ba^?" n ,Qm 3lnfang macfyte ott immel nnb grbe/ )a$ ift ber erfte afe." rr Srja^Ie mir bie gabet Don bem flngen i^amnte nnb bent 15 bnmnten SBoIfe." ff @in 8amm tear bnrftig nnb ging jnm glnffe gn trinfen* @in ffiolf tear and^ bnrftig nnb !am andj jnm gtnffe gu trin* fen. )er SBotf tear an(^ Ijnngrig. @r faf) ba^ 8amm nnb badjte : ,ut, id) trntt ba 8amm freffen/ nnb er fprang anf 20 ba^ 8amm nnb tootttc e freffen. ,,)a$ 8amm fagte : ,3^ mn fterben, aber id) m5d)te frigid) fterben. ^^ mod)te erft tan^en. SBillft bn nid)t fingen? SBenn bn fingft, fann tc^ gnt tcm$en/ , f Sa fang ber SBoIf, nnb ba^ 8amm tangtc. Slber ber 25 ^orte e$. @r lam fefjr fc^nelt, nnb ber ffiolf fonnte 8amm nid)t freffen." aft bn frfjott ein 8amm in ber @d)nte gefef)en?" , aber id^ fyabe Don einem 8ammd getefen. )a$ fam 6 EASY READING. gur (Scljule. )ie djiiler fagten: ,2BaS imtt baS 8amm in ber @d)ule?"' ,,9Barum lam ba$ 8amm jur cfyule? SBottte e$ auci) )eutfd) lernen?" 5 ,,Da3 toetB id) nidjt." ,, l a$ ttmr gut/' fagte ber Scorer. ,,$annft bit and) Me anbere $abe( tion bem SBotfe unb bem 8amme ff 6itt 28olf tt)ar fel)r ^ungrtg, gr lam $um fal) er em Samm, S)a 8amm tear tm gluffe unb tranf. 10 , f ,8amm/ ttcf ber SSotf, ,toa$ t^uft bu ba? u ma^ft ba^ SEaffer triibe, 3d) fanti e^ ^ter gar utt^t trinlen/ ff ,3lc^ nem/ fagte ba^ 8amm r ,ba faun id) gar nidjt 3^ bin unteu, uub ba$ SBaffer lommt t)on to ju mtiV ,,,23or fet^ SBodjen Ijaft bu auc^' S35fe t)on mir gefagt/ 15 rtef ber SSotf. ,,,33or fed) So^en n?ar it^ nodj gar nid)t geboren/ njSann tear e3 beiu ^Bruber ober beine d)mefter/ ,$&) t)abe aber feiueu 53ruber uub feiue @d)U)efter/ , f ,3)auu lt)ar e^ beiu 23ater ober betue Gutter/ rief ber 20 28o(f unb er fprang auf ba$ ^amm unb fra^ e3." ,,a^ ift genug/ j fagte ber 8ef)rer. ,,3)Jorgeu faunft bu bie nad)fte gabel lerueu." geljrer fa auf feinem tu^Ic. )er tutjl ftanb am 2luf bem 5tifcf)e lageu Diclc JBttdjer. 3luf bem 25 ftanb aud) ein fa^, ^ bem Iaf/ h)ar SBaffer, SBaffer tear fait )er Se^rer fyatte ein S3ud^ in ber anb. @r I)atte ba^ Sud) in ber Itnfen anb. Qn bem 33ud)l lt)aren gro^e 59ud)ftaben unb fleine 53ud)ftaben, g mar ein Sefebudj. DIE SCHULER, )er 8el)ter tjatte etne geber in ber redjten anb. ber geber lann man fdjreiben, 35er Setjrer twr ein guter, alter 2Kann, Sr fyatte aar nnb etnen grauen 33art (Sr toofynte in einem fdjdnen, fieinen aufe. @r ^atte tiiele fitter, aber bie tauter 5 tuaren nt(^t alfe gut, )er SBi(^eIm tuar and) fein tfjitler. (r lt)o^nte in einem groj^en aufe. a^ an$ ftanb an etner fdjonen @trae. 2lber ber SBil^etm (ernte ntdjt gut* Sr tear ntc^t Hug. gr mar bumm. ^m SBuiter ging er auf ba unb lam nic^t w gur c^ule. @r fagte: /f ^ bin nod) Jung. 3^ ^abe^nodE) ^eit genug. a^ ^ auf bem gfotffe tft fel)r fd)5n. ^^ geljc ^eute auf ba $, SKorgeu gel)e ic^ in bie cfjufe, nit^t ^eute. ^^ totH nic^t Jeben Sag in bie (^u(e gel)en. S^ ift nid)t gut, lt)enn man 15 gu t)te( ternt* S)a^ Semen mad)t bie fitter bumm/' ,,5Benn bu nid)t^ ternft, mirft bu and) nid)t3 tuiffen," fagte ber Sefyrer* f ,933a^ in ben Sitc^ern fteljt mitt id) aud| gar nic^t miffen. Qtf) wilt ntc^t Softer toerben." 20 mittft bu benn toerbeti?" mei^ id) nid)t" benlft bu benn? u mut boc^ cttt)a fyun." ,,SBenn id) grop bin, ge^e tc^ nad) bem SBefteu. Sort tft e$ )5n." 25 mitift buba tf)un?" mei^ id) nod) nid).t. ^d) benfe, id) fdjiefee SBoIfe unb anbere mitbe Siere. Qdj fjabe einen guten unb, @r ift fe{)r grofi* Qd) faun aut^ gut fcfjieften. a^ I)abe ic^ nid)t 8 EASY READING. an ben SBitdjern gelernt Qm SBeften fann man and) ofb finben, Qd) morf)te triel olb finben." ,,2Biltft bn ntd)t etttfd) lernen?" ,,3Zem, im SBeften, too man ba o(b finbet, fprirfjt man 5 fetn )eutfd)." , f 2lber bn mnt gnt lefen nnb frf)retben lernen*' 1 ,,2ftem 25ater erja^Ite mir Don etnem SJJanne. 1)tefer 3JJann lonnte nidjt lefen nnb and^ ntd^t fcfjretben, aber er fanb met)r olb afe bte anbern," 10 er SBtlfyetm mnrbe fiebjefjn Qafye alt. )ann gtng er nac^ bem SBe[ten Sort tDaren feme table nnb feme trapen. @r fcfyrieb an fetncn SSater nnb an feme SKutter. 3lber er fc^rieb nit^t oft @r fc^rieb feme 33rtefe ntcf)t mit etner geber. gr ^atte feme geber nnb feme Zinte. @r 15 fcfyrieb feme ^Sriefe mit etnem 33(etfttft @r fc^oB SBotfe nnb anbere S^iere, aber er fanb Tent @olb. gr tourbe etn btffer 3Kann. Sr tear bet bofen SKannern nnb fie t^aten fete! i)fe^, gr oolite etnen 3)fann fd^ie^en, aber ber 9Jfann fcf)op i^n tot. 20 ann fam ein 33rief. Qn bem Sriefe ftanb: er SBit- fyefm lebt nirf)t me^r." T)er 25ater Ia^ ben rief. er alte Se^rer && ben Srief and). %$," fagte -er r afe er ben Srief gefe'en ^atte, , f fo gel)t c. in bdfer Slnfang mact)t ein WANDERERS NACHTLIED. Solemn Solfgcmg Don oetfje (1749-1832). Uber alien ipfeln Q}t 3tnf), $n alien SBtpfetn bn etnen ancf) ; 5 Me 9Si3gtetn fcfyttetgen tm SSatbe. SBarte nnr, balbe $Rn^e(t bn and). 3. offmann t)on gaUerSleben (1798-1874). & Mttljt ein j^one^ Stu Slnf nnfrer Qtiinen 2ln ? ; @cm 3lng r i[t tDte'ber i @o Better nnb fo Mem. @ trei^ ntdjt Did jn reben, llnb atle, tDa^ e$ frri^t, 3ft immer nnr baSfetbe, t nnr: 10 EASY READING. 4, &er Jftfdjet unb feine tour einmal em 3D?ann. er 3JJann toar arm. tear em $ifd)er. 2r fyatte ein au$. )a au3 be$ toar ftein. )a$ au fyatte nur erne f)ur unb em genfter, G^ umr erne ittte. !Der 3Jiann ltar in bent aufe, 5 Sr fa am Stfdje unb a. Gr a 9)?iW) nnb 33rot. Sr .toar feljr ^ungrtg, benn cr ^attc bte gan^e 5JJa^t gefif^t* )er glup iDar tief unb in bem gluffc toarcn Dtele gtfd)e. Der gtfd^er ^atte au^ etne grau. 35te gran fa and) am ifd)e unb a. @te ijatte ein attc^ ^ieib an . @tc tear auct) o fc^r ^ungrig. @te a auc^ W\i unb 53rot. ff Q^ bin feljt ^ungrtg/ j fagte bie gran. er gifd)er r ber fel)r gut loar, ^attc au^ eine Xo^ter. )ie Xodjter be^ gifd;er^ tear fefyr fdjon. ie ar nit^t f)ungrtg, unb fie fa nidjt am tfd)e. Sie ftanb am 'genfter 15 unb fdjaute in ben arten, ber fc^r Itein toar. $n bem arten toaren eine Sa^c, ein unb unb eine $uf). ie 3Dtottcr fagte : W 8iebe Softer, I)ole mir SBaffcr au^ bem gluffc* ^d) toil! SBaffer I)aben." 35a^ 9)?abd)en, ba6 fo j^on tear, na^m ben Grater unb 20 ging au^ bem aufe. G^ ging in ben arten. 3Da l^ar bie Sae. ic Sa^e tuar Hein. @ie lag in ber ftarmen onne unb fonnte fic^. ,,?iebe Safec/' fagte ba TOabdjen, ,,tdj mu^ SBaffcr au^ bem gtuffe ^olen. Somm mit mir. ilf mir." 25 n $ltm," fagte bie Safee, bie in ber iDarmen @onne lag, rf ba^ t^ue id) nid^t. ^di tiitH nid)t mit bir ge^en. ^^ ^H 2)Wd) Ijaben." DER FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 11 ,,nt," fagte ba 3ftabd)en, ,,id) fann and) attein gefyen." )a$ fdjone 3#abd)en ging toeiter* @3 fam 311 bem unbe. )er nnb tear audj Item. Sr fafj unb fdjante nad) bem ,,8ieber unb," fagte ba 3ftabd)en, ff fomm mit mtr gluffc. itf mtr SBaffer ^olen." W 9lem/' fagte ber unb r ,,ba^ tottt ic^ nic^t $tf) bin fe^r ^ungrtg. ^d) \rnll erft Srot ^aben^' ,,ut/' fagte. ba3 SIRab* d)en r ,,bann mu^ id) aHein geljcn." 3)a 9J?cib(^en ging better, J)ann lam e6 311 ber $ul). 10 ie $uf) U)ar gro^. S)ie 5rner ber $ul) lr>aren lang. @ie ftanb unter einem ^aume, ,,uten 3ftorgen, Su^/' fagte ba 3)?ab^en, ,,elj' mit mtr 3um gluffe, Qd) mu SBaffer ^olen, u mufct mtr ^dfen/ 15 , f 5Rcm/ J fagte Me grofce, braune ^u^ ff ba^ t^ue id) ntd^t 3^ fann Mr nidjt t)elfen. Qi) mn SJKild^ geben, nnb ba^ ift genug." !Da 3Jfabc^en ging toetter. g fam balb 3um glnffe. Sim gtnffe ftanb ein fefyr grower 53anm 2lm gn^e be3 ^Banme^ 20 ftanb ein Jnnger 3)?ann, J)er Jnnge SKann toar anc^ ein gift^er* Sr tear and) feljr arm* ff nten SJtorgen, fd)one6 SKabd^cn/; fagte ber jnnge 3JJann, w @otl id^ bir Ijelfen? $tf) fann ben gtmer mit SBaffer gnt fitr btd^ tragen." , 25 rf 9cein, id) banfe," fagte bo aJiabd^en, ff id^ fann ba$ SBaffer gnt cittern tragen." 9J?ab(^en aber ftanb am Ufer be^ gluffe nnb fdjattte in ba SBaffer, ba$ fe^r tief tear, nnb e$ fa^ etnen fe^r gro^en 12 EASY READING. )ann ndfym ba3 SDtabdjen fdjneft ben gimer mit 2Baffer unb ging nad) aufe. ,,$d) mu B & em 2?ater fagen, ba| id) ben gropen $ifd) gefefyen fyabe," fagte e3. )a$ 2ftabd)en lam balb nad) aufe, )a3 au$ tear fefyr 5 Hern unb f(^Iecf)t. @3 tt)ar nur eine a(te Utte. J)te X^iir ber utte tear offen. a mar meber 33ett no^ gtu^I, nur etn Xi]i) unb eine alte ^Sanf, 93et( ber gtf^er fetn 53ett fyatte, mupie er auf etnem 33imbet @tro^ fc^Iafen. Seine gran fcfjlief and) auf einem ^3unbet trofy unb and) feine Jotter, 10 Qa, fie tDaren fe^r arm. @ie fatten nur bie alte ittte, bie ^a^e, ben unb unb bie gro^e, braune $ul). , f 2Sater/' fagte ba^ 3Kabd)en r afe e^ nac^ aufe fam, ff ict) ^abe einen fe^r gro^en gifdf) im gluffe gefet|en." ff ut/' fagte ber gtftfjer, ff ic^ inill gleirf) jum gluffe ge^en unb ben gifrf) fangen." 15 er ^ifdjer na^m fein %lty unb ging jum ^fuffe. (Sr fifdjte ben gan^en Jlag, aber er fing feine gif^e. e$ fcfjon 3lbenb tuar, fing er einen feljr gro^en ,,8affen @ie micf) Io^/' fagte ber tfd). ,,3 auc^ aCe^ geben, lt)a^ @ie ttmnfcfyen. Qfy bin gar fein gifrf). 20 ^cf) bin ber ofyn eine^ ganbevtic%." ,,yinn, bann gefyen @ie nur mieber in 2Baffer," fagte ber gif^er. ,,^cf) ttritt auc^ feinen if(^ r ber fpredjen faun. (So f je^t finb @ie tDteber frei," unb er toarf i^n au^ bem ?f in^ SBaffcr. 25 3)anfe ftfjBn," fagte ber gif(^ r ff jcfet fonnen @ie fic^ etnxx^ ttrimfcfyen. Qd) \mU e^ Qfynen gerne geben*" ff ^a/' fagte ber 2ftann, Ir id) rt)ei^ nirf)t, toad id) mir fd)en fod. ier im gluffe finb t)iele fangen, unb ba ift genug/' DER FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 13 2U3 er nacl) aufe lam, fagte er 311 feiner gran : ,,eute fyabe id) nur einen gifd) gefangen. 2lber e$ twr gar fern gifd). (S3 toar ber ofyn eine$ gro^en 3auberer3, barum fyabe id) tfyn toieber in$ SBaffer gett)orf en* (Sr fagte and), id) foHte mtr ettca^ n)i:n[(^en," 5 tf %lnn, n>aS I)a(t bit btr benn gemunf rf)t ?" fagte bte gran. ,,@ar nic^t^, 2Ba folltc id) mir tt)Unf(ften? ^^ Icinn }a genug gtfrf)e fangen/' fagte ber 3ftatm. f ,2)tt bift aber bod) bimun," rief bte ^rau unb tt)urbe fef)r bofe. ,,ef) ? fogfeicf) sit bem Sif^ e juritd wtb tDunft^e bir ein 10 Hcmc3 au^, bentt biefe atte utte tft gu fd)Ierf)t." rau r ba^ fann i(^ ntcrjt," fagte ber 9)iann benn ntcf)t?" tft Ja gan^ nnb gar ju t)teL" ,,9ld), netn r ge^ nur, @et bod) ntd)t fo bnmm, e^ nnr 15 fogfetd). er gifd^ ttrirb e^ bir gerne geben/' )a ntn^te ber SJfann gef)en r ftett bie gran e^ l^aben toottte. 2tber er gtng nid^t gerne, nnb er fyatte gro^e 3lngft. 2lte er an ben glnft lam, fa!) ba SBaffer grim nnb ge(b an^. ffM^r flfofcer Sif^r lommen @tc bot^," fagte ber gtfd) er / 20 nnb fogleid) fa^ er ben gifd), ber fdjnett an^ ber Sliefe be3 gtnffe^ ^eranflam. ff nten 2ag, >err gifd)er, ma^ molten @tc benn?'" ,,2Icf), tt^ tDtlt ntc^t^, aber metne gran ** ,,97nn, ixa tottl ^^re gran benn ?" 25 ,,@ie tDttt gern ein fd)i)ne, HeineS an3 tjaben, unb mtfl nid)t me^r in ber atten tttte n?of)nen," fagte ber gif^er. rr el)cn @ie nur Ijiti ," f a 9 te ^ er M^/ 'fo ift f^on tm neuen wufe." 14 EASY READ ING. )er 2ftcmn ging I)in unb fanb fcine grau in ber f)iire eine$ fcfyonen, neuen aufe$. mter bem aufe toar ein of mit iiljnent unb Snten unb ein tall mit trier $uf)en. 2Sor bem aufe aber toar ein fainter, grower @ar* 5 ten, Unb Me genfter nnb Dimmer ^ au f e ^ to&ren gro unb fcfjon, ff iel)ft bu r Iteber 3)iann/' fagte bie ^rau r ff tft e benn nun nid)t tiief beffer? llnjere alte @ittte toar borfj triel gu fd^Ied^t" rf-3^/" f^9^ e ^ er 3)^nn, ,,J e ^^ ^oflen tt)tr in unferent neuen 10 aufc and) fe^r fro^ unb g(udficf) leben." fagte bie grau, ,,ba$ Pollen unr erft nocf) fe^en." Xoc^ter be$ gifc^er^ aber fagte: n $a, 25ater, ba^ neue au^ tft fefjr fdjon unb ftrir iDoIIen ^ier nun fefyr glitd* Itc^ leben," Sie trug ein fcf)bne3, neue Sleib, @ie luar 15 fe^r fro 1 ^ unb menu fie gum ^fuffe ging, SBaffer ju ^olen, fang fie fo fcfyon, ba^ bie gifcfye au^ bem SBaffer famen um arme, }unge 9)Zann fam bann and) oft um gluffe, aber toenn er i^r ^effen lnollte, fagte fie immer: ,,9?ein, idf) banfe. Qd) faun ba SSaffer fe^r gut allein tragen." lamen auc^ anbere junge Scanner unb lt)ollten if)r , aber fie fagte immer: ^^ein, gefyen ie nat^ aufe gu 3I) rer Gutter, ^^ ^itt i a 9 ar n ^ir ^ a B ^ e m ^ fjelfen fotlen. efjen @ie nur fdjnefl." 5 3 u ^ e fet fam ein Junger SRann, ber fetjr retrf) tear. f ,@ie finb fe^r f^on/' fagte ei\ ff 5lc^ r nein, U)ie limnen @ie ba6 toiffen!" fagte ff 3^ bod^ r @ie finb fo fcfjon tuie ein Gmgel." SBte U)iffen @ie benn DBR FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 15 ba$ !ann ia ein jeber ganj gut feljen." ,,<>aben te fdjon einen Snget gefefyen?" , ba3 fyabe id) ntdjt" @ie inerben aucf) toofjf nie etnen feljen. 9Ba$ @tc ba fpredjen ift t)tel 311 bumm," fagte ba^ 9J?cibrf)en r unb ber 5 Jitnge 9)iann ging traurtg fort . i T)er ^ifdjer lebte nun erft fel)r gludltd) mit ^yrau unb in bent neuen aufe. 9Iuf ber anberen ette be^ lt)ol)nte after em raf, ber jel)r reid) n)ar unb etn groe3 @c^(oJ3 ()atte, Sine SDforgen^ fa^en fie iDieber 10 aHe am Sijdje unb a^en SJfitcf) unb 33rot 55a fagte bie gran: f ,Qn biefcm fteinen 5Refte ift e^ bod) ^u eng. @s tft l)ter attcS ju: Hein. 3d) it)it( ein @(^(o^ fyaben, itjte e ber raf fjat e()' jum gtfd^c. Sr fott un^ ein gro^e^, fd^one^ d)toft geben." 15 , r ^ld) ^rau," fagte ber 3ftann, , f e ift ()ier affe^ *fo fd^on in nnferem neuen v*paufe, Qdj gel)e nidjt gern ju bent gifc^e. Sr I)at un^ fd)on fo tne( gegeben. Sr I)at fdjon fo trie! fitr itniS getljan. Crr n)trb bofe merben, menu er l)drt, ba^ tt)tr nod) mefyr ^aben iDoUen." 20 ,^a, bu foHft gel)en/' fagte bie grau. ,,35er gtfd^ fann e^ ganj gut geben unb er t()ut e auc^ gern. e()' nttiv S)er 3)?ann ging nun toieber junt gifdje, meil e bie gran fo Ijaben iDoKte, aber ba er^ toar tljut fdjmer. Unb afe er an. ben g(u^ fam, mar ba^ Staffer ganj rul)ig unb ftil( r aber 25 triolett unb gran unb bunfetbtau. ,,8ieber M'd)/ fontnten @te fdjnell/' fagte ber 9Kann, unb fogleid) mar ber gifc^ ba. U)a tootten @ie benn I)eute?" fagte ber \m(l nid)t^ r aber meine 16 EASY READING. ,,9?un, toaS ttrifl ^t)re gran?" ,&, id) fann e gar nidjt fagen imb bin ganj traurig, eitt fcf)dne3, grofteS djlofc mill fie fyaben," antroortete ber 5 ,,efyen @te nur Ijin /' fagte ber gifd). ,,@ie ift fdjon itn djloffe." )a ging ber Wann Ijin unb fanb feine grau in ber Jf)iire eineS fe^r fcf)onen ^atafte^. w tc^ft bu, lieber 3)?ann, tote fcf)on e$ t)ier ift/ 1 fagte bie grau unb ging mit ifym in ba3 @^foB Ste fatten iet 10 t)iele iener, nnb im @d)Ioffe toar ailed tounberfc^on. ie fa^en auf gotbenen tiif)len unb apen t)on golbenen Xifc^en. SDfeffer, abeln unb 8offel r atle^ toar Don olb @ic !onn* ten jefet effen unb trinfen, toa^ fie luollten, nic^t Srot unb Sfttlrf) ; ac^ nein, fie tranfen ben beften SBein unb aften, toa^ 15 fie nur toimfdjten. ein ^dnig fjatte e beffei\ inter b*em c^Ioffe ftar ein arten, ber brei 2)M(en lang unb jtoei 9)^ei(en breit toar, unb ^inter bem arten toar ein 2Ba(b r fo grojj, ba^ er gar !ein Snbe ^atte, unb barin mar diet 2BUb, irfcf)e unb afen, Qn ben talkn auf bem 20 ofe aber ftanben bie fcfyonften ^ferbe, fr ^un^ ^ier auf bem @d)Ioffe ift e bo^ fd^dn genug/' fagte ber Sfflann. ,,)a$ iDotlen tDtr erft norf) fe()en/' fagte bie ^rau, benn fie fonnte nie jufrieben fein. 35ie Xo^ter aber trar imnter frol) unb glitcflic^^ @ie ^atte 25 jet bie fcf)dnften Steiber, unb SBaffer brau^te fie nidjt ntefyr ju ^olen. @ie ^atte aud) ein ft^dne^ ^ferb unb ritt burdj Salber unb gelber. )rei Diener ntuBten aber imnter mit* reiten, unb o^ne Wiener ging fie nie au$. armen jungen SD^ann, ber imnter jum gtuffe fam, DER FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 17 menn fie SBaffer fyolte, fafy fie je^t nie, abet tnete anbere junge banner fanten, bie atle fdjon unb reid) toaren. @ie fagten alle ba$ fdpnfte, ft)a$ fie ftmpten, unb ber eine ,tool(te e$ nod) beffer fagen al8 ber anbere, aber ba$ 3Kabcf)en tadjte nur unb fagte : ,,@eien @ie bod) ftilt ! $d) will e3 ja gar nicf)t 5 fyinm & tft Ja Die! gu buntm, ma^ @ic ba fagen," unb bann blieben fie nicfyt (ange. 3u(e^t lam ein reiser, junger raf. @r lam in etnem f^onen SBagen mtt trielen ienern unb ^Jferben* SBa^ er fagte twr and) bid fcfjoner, a( \va$ bie anberen gefagt I)at^ 10 ten, aber e3 Ijalf i^m atte nic^t^. SBenn ba 9J?abc^en in ben SBalb reiten mottte, fagte er : ,,graulein, barf id) mitred ten?" 9lber ba3 3Rttb^cn fagte: f ,2lrf) nein, ic^ banfe. ^d) fann ganj gut adein reiten ; meine Wiener reiten mit unb bas tft genug," i 5 (Simnat fagte er: ff ^rau(ein, ie finb fel)r fd)5n/' S)a ladjte. ba$ 3)Mbd)en taut unb fagte : ,,)a ^at mir fd)on einmal. ein arnter if^ e ^ G^fctgt afe ic^ nod) in ber fleinen ^ittte iDo^nte, SBaffer I)o(en mu^te unb nacf)t^ auf einem SHtnbel tro 1 ^ fd^Iief, Qdj benle aber, ber ttmftte gerabe fc fciel 20 bat)on, it)ie ie and)," J)a rief ber raf feine iener, nai)m ein ^ferb unb rttt traurig nad) aufe, )a3 (^Io^ be^ rafen ftanb auf ber anberen eite be^ g-htffeS. Die grau aber tt)ar nid)t jufrieben, v 9JJann," fpra^ fie 25 eine3 SKorgcn^ w gc^' totebcr ^um gifd). $d) mu^ S'onigin roerben itber ato 8anb,.tt)eit unb breit umljer!" ff ^ld), grau." fagte ber Sttann, ,,it)arum toittft bu fidnigin merben? $d) will nifyt $onig fein, unb ber gifc^ ftrirb KUU 18 EASY READING. geftrig bofe toerben." ,,3)ummt)eit," fagte bie $rau, ,,get/ nur I)tn !" )a ging ber 3)?ann sum ifd)e, aber ba$ er$ toar if)tn fd)tt)er, unb er toar fefyr traurig, )a$ SBaffer im gluffe s aber toar ganj fc^toarj unb unruljtg unb lam fyorf) an^ lifer, J)er 3)?ann fprarf) iDteber : w ro^er tfd>, lomtnen (Ste jc^nett !" unb ber gifd) tDar fdion ba. ,,9?un, ti)a^ lt)oCen @te benn?" , r ^^ ttJtfi nid)t^, aber meine grau " ff llnb grau benn?" f ,9l(^, id) lann e^ gar ntt^t fagen m 'will fie iperben." , f ef)en @ie nur ^tn, fie tft*e$ fdjon," fagte ber Site er junt ^alaft fam, faf) er bort tiele @olbaten, gran fa auf etnem fyofyen 2i)ron r ber ganj Don o(b 15 3^ betben Setten be J^rone^ ftanben rafen unb anbere en:en, iDunberf^dne grauen unb Sftabdjen. @ie felbft aber trug eine golbene Srone, unb atfe mu^ten t^un, toa fie i^nen befai)L , f 4Btft bu benn nun $bnigin, Hebe gran?" fragte ber 20 SKatuu r ,3fa, ba bin id) nun/' fagte fie, ,,ba fietjft bu \a. u S)a fat) fie ber Sftann eine SBeite an unb fagte : ,,$a, gran, e^3 ift aber bod) ettoaS @d)5ne^, toenn man Sonigin % fein !ann. Slber nun tootten li)ir and) nid^t^ mefyr n)iinfd)en." 25 ,,I)a tooften tt)ir erft noc^ fe^en/' fagte Me $rau, benn fie lonnte nie jufrieben fein. 5)ie od)ter tt)ar immer fro^ unb gufrieben. SBenn fie j;e^t in ben SBalb reiten tuottte, mupten immer jtootf iener mit- reiten, unb ba$ tparen atte rafen. 3lud^ famen t)iete DER FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 19 au3 alien Sanbern an ben of if)re3 23ater3, bet Ja nun ontg toar. ie tuaren atte fo fcfyon nnb fatten fo triete tenet, unb fie fonnten fo frfjon fprecfjen, aber e fyalf ifynen bodj dies tttdjts. )ie ^rtnsefftn fyorte e3 gar nid)t gerne, unb toenn bic Sautter fie fragte: ,,3:ocf)ter, toaS benfft bu t)on 5 biefem ober jenem ^rinjen ?" f o fagte fie immer : , f 3lrf) r 9Jhtt^ Lev, er ift ja fc^on genug, aber teas er fagt ift imnter fo bumm ; it^ mag e gar niif)t ^oren/' ie grau tear aber nic^t jufrtcben, unb fo fagte fie balb gu i!)rem 3)Janne : f ,^onigin bin id) nun (ange genug ge* 10 lt)efen ; irf) mu^ auc^ nocf) Saiferin inerben^ ,,Std), ba lann ber gife^ ja gar ni^t/' fagte ber 9ftann ; n i$ mag e ifym nii)t fagen." 3lber bie gran toottte e^ ^aben, unb ba mu^te ber 9Jfann toiebcr fyingetjen, Unb ate er an ben g(u lam r trar ber 15 SBinb Idt unb rau^. )a$ SBaffer be gluffcS toar unb ber immel U)ar bunlcL 3)er gifdjer ^atte b ni^t, ben gifrf) ju rufen, iDeil er ft^on fo triel gegeben Slber er fitrdjtete fid^ Dor feiner gran, unb fo rief er borf): (grower f^if^, fommen @ie fdjnell!" 20 ,,ier bin id) Ja. 2Ba^ milt ^^rc grau benn Jefet mieber?" ,,9l(^, w fagte ber gifdjer, ff nun tt)ilt fie $atfertn tDerben," n @ie nur fyin /' fftflte ber gifi), ff fic ift ba and) a fanb fie ber 3ftann no^ Diet Ijerrtitfjer ate ju- dor. Urn %en S^ron ftanben SRiefen, fo gro unb fo t)od), 25 toie ein Xurm; auc^ f g n)er 9 e r f ^ e ^ ^i e e ^ ginger, 5lud^ ftanben t?or ifyrem JI)rone Diele ^onige, fen unb anbere erren, unb afte mu^ten tf)un, tt>a^ fie tfyttett befall , f grau, w fagte ber 3ftann, ff bift bu nun taiferin?" 20 EASY READING. fie, ,,ba3 bin id) nun." ,,gs ift aber bod) etttmS d)one3, toenn man taiferin fcin farm/ fagte ber 9ftann, afe er fie anf ifjrem I)rone fi^en fal). ,,3ld), fo feljr Did tft e3 bod) nidjt," fprad) bie gran, benn s fie fonnte ntdjt jnfrieben fern. ,,@ei bod) enblid) jufrteben!" fagte ber 9Rar fo tueit, iDeit toeg, ba^ bie gran fagte : , f )a$ ift gett)i^, IDO bie onne nnr einmat int Qafyn fd^etnt." llnb ber 9)?ann fragte : ,,$ft ba^ nit^t, IDO bie 8ente anf bem So^fe geljen?" 20 !Der jnnge Saifer er^afylte aber tiiel t>on Jenem fernen Sanbe, too alle^ ganj anber$ tt)ar nnb boc^ fo tmmberfdjon. Unb bie ^rinjeffin ^orte e gerne, benn er er^a^Ite fefyr gnt. @o (ange er nnr eqafylte, lonnte e^ gar nid)t beffer gef)en; al^ er aber bann gntet^t fagte : ,,Gtma3 fo Sd^one^ tt)ie e, 25 ift aber in meinem gan^en Sanbe nid)t," bann lt)nrbe fie bofe nnb fagte, fie toolle ba nte ioieber ^oren llnb inenn bie 9)Mter fragte: f ,8iebe Jod)ter, iDa benlft bn tion biefem jnngen Saifer?"'fo antioortete fie: ,,@rja()fen fann er ganj gnt, aber er fpricf)t oft fo bnmm, ba^ id) e^ >ER FISCHER UND SEINE FRAU. 21 gar nidjt fyoren mag/ llnb fo nutate ber Jnnge Uaifer enb* lief) tranrig ftrieber nacf) anfe gefyen, benn e fyalf ifym al(e$ nid)t3. )a eqafylte er bann feinen 9ftiniftern tton ber ttmnber* fdjonen ^rin^effin, nnb er erjafylte e intnter unb immer tt)teber r bi^ fie jute^t einfc^Hefen* 2lber ber ^atfer fafy e^ 5 gar nt(^t, benn er bacfyte nur an bie fcfyone ^rinseffin, J)te grau toar aber not^ gar nirf)t jnfrieben, 3 uer f^ iDu^te fie aber nicfyt, tt)a fie fi(^ nod) ttwnfdjen foQte. @te fonnte an gar ntcf)t$ me^r benfen, 3lber bafb ging bie onne gn fritl) nnter , ober ber 3Konb ging ju fpat auf, nnb e$ 10 tt)ar fmfter, toenn fie 3J?onbfd)ein t)aben rnoHte. 3)a ttoflte fie benn anc^ @onne nnb 9J?onb auf* nnb nnterge!)en faff en* 3d, fie oolite ber liebe ott tDerben, SRann toollte aber nic^t tDieber gnm $Inffe gef)en, fann ja ber gifcf) ntd)t/' fagte er, ,,(5r ift Ja nnr ber 15 ine 3 au ^ erer ^/ un ^ ^ er 9 r ^te 3 au ^erer fann bod^ nirfjt fo diet ate ber liebe ott e^' (ieber in bie @tabt unb fanfe bir einen nenen itt" 2tber ba^ I)a(f nic^td, fie mnrbe f(f)recf(i(f) bbfe, fie toar fo ftolg, ba fie ben 93erftanb fc^on Derloren f)atte ; nnb fo tnnfcte 20 ber 9D?ann ^inge^en, Unb afe er an ben glufj.fam, toar ber imnte( gan^ finfter, ba^ SBaffer ging I)od) Uber ba^ Ufer, ber @tnrm fyentte nnb jerbrac^ bie ftarfften -SBannte, nnb ba^ iDttbe SBaffer im ^Inffe trng fie fort jnm 3Keere. Unb e^ bti^te nnb bonnerte ganj fcfjrecflid), 25 Sa f)atte ber 9)?ann fotc^e 5lngft r bafc er t'anm fpred)en lonnte; aber er fyatte nod) nte^r 3lngft t)or fetner ^ran, nnb fo rief er benn enblid) ben $ifd)* U^^ bw gifd) toar fogteic|> ba, aber er toar feftr t)5fe, ,,Sa^ tt)oHen @ie benn je^t?" 22 EASY READING. ,,2lcf), meine grew toift fo ttel toerben tote ber liebe ott/ ,,efjen ie nur Ijin ," fagte ber gifrf), ,,fie jifct fd)on toieber in ber alien ittte." Sort fanb fie ber 3)?ann benn and), unb fie toeinte bitter* s li^. )a tourbe ber Sftann fefyr bofe. ,,S)a bir ba3 od)fte nirf)t genug toar, Ijaft bu Je^t atte^ it)ieber berloren," fagte er. 3l6er lt>eil nun Me $rcm fo tranrtg toar unb fo bitterltc^ iDeinte, ging ber 9ftann bod) iDteber I)tn unb rief ben gifrf), obftfjon er bac^te: ff gr tutrb bod) nirfjt lontnten/' 10 f ,eben ie un^ nur ba^ Heine au$ tuieber /' fagte er. rf 3Bir tooften je^t gerne bamit gufrieben fetn." 2lber ber gif^ fam nicfjt me^r* a murbe ber Sftann fdjredti^ bbfe, ^ n ber 9lad)t ging er fort unb fam nie nrieber unb (iep Me grau in ber alten ittte ^uriid . a ntupte fie bkiben all 15 i^r 8eben lang, mu^te it)ieber auf einem 33imbef tro^ fd)Ia* fen unb f)atte nidjt^ ate Wlild) unb 33rot ju effen r unb baoon fyatte fie and) nid)t intmer genug. ie Softer aber blieb bet if)r unb tear if)r gut, ate fie alt ttmrbe. $e^t ntu^te ba^ 3)iabcf)en tt)ieber Staffer au bent 20 gluffe fyolen, unb bann fang e^ fo fcfyon, ba bie gifd)e au$ bent SBaffer fanten, urn e$ gu {)oren r benn fte tear intnter fro^ unb glitdlid), )ann lam aut^ ber junge Sftann, ber i^r immer f)e(fen tooftte, ba^ SBaffer ju tragen, aber fie fagte, bap fie e gang 25 gut atiein tragen t'onnte. Unb a(^ er bann jufe^t fagte : , f 9Dlabcf)en, bu toeiftt gar ni^t tote fdjon bu btft/ J ba (adjte fie laut unb fagte : ,,3)a3 fiaben mir fcf)on ^onige unb $aifer gefagt, tmb id) benle, bie tou^ten gerabe fo t>iet bat)on, tote bu DIE LORELEI. 23 5* $ie Soreleu einridj eine (1799-1856). nit^t, toaS fott e bebenten, id} fo tranrig bin; gin SDtardjen cms alten 3 e ^ ett / fommt mir nic^t au$ bem 8uft tft Bl^I unb e^ bunfelt, Unb ruf)ig fltept ber St^eitt; tpfet be^ erge funfelt 2lbenbfonnenf(f)em, ft^onfte S)ort oben immbeibar; Qfy go(b^ne ef(^metbe blt^et, @te famtnt t^r golbene aar, @ie Idtnmt e^ mtt golbenem Samme Unb fingt etn 8ieb babei; Sa^ ^at eine ttmnberfame, etoalttge 9Ke(obet, Sen differ im fletnen c^iffe (Srgreift e3 mit milbem SBe^; (Sr fdjcuit ntrf)t bte gelfenriffe, (Sr fdjaut nur ^tnauf in bie Qd) glanbe, bie ^Befien fcerfcfyltngen 2lm (Snbe Differ unb fiafjn; Unb ba^ ^at ntit tfyrem @tngen 8ore(ei 24 EASY READING. 6, S>ie 3)ummetu (S toar einmal em armer SKann, ber toofynte mit feinet gamttie in einer ffeinen ntte, bie fyatte nur eine*l)itr wtb ein Heine3 genfter. )te ntte ftanb am SBege t>or etner Ifeinen tabt inter bent anfe tnar etn ^tnp, nnb auf ber 5 anberen eite be^ NT e ^ ^ ar e ^ n 9 r B er SBcilb. 3)tefer arme 3JJann ^atte brei @o^ne. J)er altefte So()n fyteB ber ?ange, ber gwcttc f}te ber Side, nnb ber jimgfte ^ie^ ber nmme, S)ie brei b^ne gingen nie in bie (Sdjule, nnb fie fatten feine 4BUc^er f benn tf>r SSater -ttmr jn arm, 10 @r fonnte ifynen feine Sitdjer faufen, )arnm lernten fie anc^ ntd^t^. @ie fonnten tueber lefen noc^ frfjreiben. Ste luaren alle fe^r bnmm r aber ber jitngfte mar ber bitmmfte. @ie tuaren bnmm geboren nnb ba^ war ja nicfyt i^re @c^ulb. 3)ie Snmmen fyaben aber oft ba^ meifte IM, benn ott 15 uertci^t bie Snmmen nttf)t r nnb ba ift and) ja ganj recf)t r benn bie anberen fonnen fic^ felber I)elfen. 9?nn merben iDtr fefyen, benn bie ift eine iDafyre eft^i^te. 5lte ber altefte or ben $onig, )er Sbntg toar fefyr frog, tfytt gu fefyen unb fragte, toa3 er tooKte. ,,3^ ttrift mein (iicE fudjen," fagte er, ,,2Iber id) I)abe fd)on lange gefu^t unb fann e3 nidjt finben, $8nnen @ie 5 mir nidjt fyelfen?" ,,$3er su mir fommt, ^at fein liicE fd)on gefunben," fagte ber ^onig. ,,2lber bn meipt bod), ba^ IM ift nur fiir bie 5)nmmen. )te ^aben nte^r iM ate 23erftanb." ,,ann n?erbe id) fe^r t>iel litcf i)aben. 9Benn man bie 10 Snmmen rnft r bin id) immer einer toon ben Srften. )a Itegt in nnferer gamttie." J)ad ift gut/' fagte ber $ontg, f ,bann mu^t bu ^ier bei mir b(eiben )u follft mein 9Jfinifter iDerben. !Die umm- ften geben oft ben beften 9tat r unb man fann immer nod) 15 etmaS Don ifynen lernen, Sannft bu audj lefen unb fd)reiben ?" ,,9?ein, ba^ fann id) nid)t," fagte ber ange ftolj. ^Sann fannft bu nid)t mein 3)finifter toerben/ fagte ber Sonig, , f benn id) fann e^ aud) nid)t, unb barum mu^ id) etnen 9)iinifter ^aben r ber e fann, 3lber bu fannft ja mein 20 Wiener merben, unb ba^ ift gerabe fo gut," rt $a, id) bin and) (ieber iener," fagte ber 3)umme, f ,benn ein Sftinifter I)at gu Diet ^opfarbett, unb ba3 ift fd)tr>ere Sir- beit, ba$ l)abe id^ fc^on auf bem gelbe an ben Ddjfen ge- fe!)en, wit bie ba$ ^od^ Dor bem So^fe tragen," 25 So tDurbe er nun be3 ^i)nig^ iener, @r trug einen roten 9tod!, getbe ofen unb @d&ul)e mit filbernen djnatlen. S)a^ ii?ar aber ft^bn! gr mu^te 3)?effer r abeln unb 86ffel, Xefler unb Xaffen auf ben Xi]tf) tragen unb mu^te 28ein fiir ben Sbnig au^ bem tetter Ijokn. !Da^ mar fefjr DIE DUMMEN. 27 fd)fln, benn toenn er SBein fyolte, tranl er immer felbft bte alfte, unb menu er bann etnen teller ober eine affe fallen liej}, gab tfym ber $ontg tmmer etnen Staler. )a modjte id) auci) )tener fein. Sine3 age& aber fagtc ber ontg : ,,)u bift nun fcfyon 5 triele donate bet mtr getnefen* SBenn- bn aber jn lange I)ter bletb(t f tDerben betne (Htern benfen, ba^ bu gar ntd)t JDteber^ fommft. arnm mn^t bu nun fyetmgefyen, S)u btft tmmer em fel)r guter Wiener getoefen. afitr gebe id) btr btefen Hetnen Xi\tf). @r ift beffer ate olb unb (gilber. SBenn bu 10 ^ungrtg btft, braudjft bu nur gu fagen : ,tfcf)letn, bed' btd^ ! c unb fogletcf) trierben bte jrf)onften petfen unb etranfe ba^ rauf ftefyen*" S)a na^m ber Junge 3)tann ba^ Jifd)Ietn unb gtng bamit fort . & tt)ar ntt^t jd)tt)er, unb er lonnte e ganj gut tra* 15 gen. 33a(b fam er 3U bem 33aume, tno er ben ftetnen, btden 3J?ann gefe^en ^atte. (Sr gtng bretmat um ben ^aum Jfyerum unb ftanb tmeber in bem gro^en SSalbe. Sort tt)ar 'e$ fc^on unb fttIL 5Tcur bte 2SogeI fangen. ?angfam gtng er auf bem SBege meiter . Site e$ Slbenb 20 tear, fam er ju etnem SBirt^^aufe t>or bem SBalbe/ er bi(!e, runbe SBtrt ftanb t)or ber f)itre. !j)er unb lag neben ifym, unb bte fd)i)ne SBtrt^tocftter fcfyaute gum genfter bittau^ * ,,uten 2lbenb, err SBtrt," fagte ber 8ange, , f fann i(^ l)ter itber ^ad^t bletben?" 25 ,,Qa, ba^ fdnnen @te r tt)enn te elb {)aben/' ,,elb ^abe id)/' fagte ber Junge SJiann ftolj, ff unb id) I)abe and) nod) ettoaS Diet 53effere^." 2lte ber SBirt ba^ ^orte r tDurbe er feljr ^ofli(^, unb er ging mit il)m in^ au^, unb 28 EASY HEADING. ba$ Sftabcfyen mnftte bem jnngen Sttanne em fa bom beften SBein bringen, llnb ate ba$ Sftabdjen ifym ben 28ein brad)te, fat) er, baft fie mnnberfdjone, Mane Slngen l)atte. llnb ate er ben SBetn 5 getrnnfen fyatte, brad)te fie ifjm nodj ein Ia8. )a fat) er, ba fie and) ttnmberfcJjone, rote Stppen nnb b(onbe$ aar I)atte, llnb ate fie it)m ba^ britte (a bradjte, fal) er, bag fie ba$ fd)onfte 3)lcib(^en in ber ganjen Sett war, benn ant^ bte nmmen tDiffen ganj gnt, tt>a3 fdjtin ift, tnenn fie e$ 10 fe^en. Sie mar and) fdjon, t)tel fdjoner ate bie 5)amen nnb ^rtn- jeffinnen, bie er am ofe be^ SonigS gefel)en ^atte. @o tranf er ein (a3 nad) bem anbern, nnb ber SBirt fa^ neben fym nnb erjd^Ite i^m efd)id)ten, benn er mar olbat getoefen, '15 mar in fernen Sanbern gemefen nnb I)atte t?iel gefefjen, aber ber jnnge 3)iann fytirte e^ gar nid)t r benn er fat) nnr ba$ fc^one DJZabdjen, ba it)m ben 2Bein bradjte. @onne mar nntergegangen, nnb e3 mnrbe fd^on bnnfet, fd^marge, finftere 9?ac^t fam, nnb ber Sinb me^te faft 20 nnb ranf). 5)a macf)te ba$ 9J?abd^en Spren nnb genfter jn nnb marf 0(3 anf ba$ gener nnb jitnbete bie 8ampe an . J)a mar e^ fyett nnb marm in ber @tnbe. I 35er jnnge 9J?ann aber fagte : , f ^)err SBirt, id^ f)abe etma^, ba^ t?iet beffer ift ate @olb nnb ilber. 3J?tid)ten @ie e^ 25 feljen ?" 35a^ mar gerabe, ma^ ber SBirt miffen motlte, benn er mar ein bofer 3Kann, arnm mar er fro^ nnb fagte g(eid): $*." ^Jifc^tein, bed' bid)!" fagte ber Jnnge 9)?ann jn feinem Xif^Iein, nnb fog(eid) ftanben bie fc^onften @peifen nnb ber DIE DUMMEN. 29 befte 2Bein barauf. )a fe^ten fie fid) an ben tfdj, ber 2Birt unb ba$ Sftabcfyen unb ber junge 9)?ann, unb fie aften unb tranfen. 2lber ber 2Birt erjafylte nicfyt mefyr. @r tranf ben SBein unb badjte bofe ebanfen, benn er tt>ar ein fdjlecfyter Sftenfrf). fylte ber junge 2JJann, S^eben i^m fa^ ba$ f(^one 5 nnb er erjd^tte i^r it)nnbert)otte efrf)tcf)ten t>on il)ren fdjbnen, blauen 2lugen, )te tt)aren fo gro^ unb ttef unb blau tt)ie ber mtme( im Sommer, unb trenn man fytneinfcfiaute, ftanben bie S^ore be$ intmete lt?eit offen, unb man fonnte bie Itetnen (Snget feljen, tDte fie mit ben w ternen fptetten, Unb er erjaljlte t^r t)on i^rem fc^onen aar ; ba^ U)ar tDte @olb unb @onnenf(i)etn. Unb er erjcifylte i^r Don if)ren 8tp* pen ; bie iDaren fo rot ttrie bie 9?ofen, tt)enn bie @onne fie fii^t. Qa, e$ triaren gqnj munbertjotte ef^i^ten, unb ba$ 15 2Jtab(i)en ^orte fie gem, 2Bo er fie geternt I)atte, tDU^te er felber nicfyt 3lu^ ben Sit^ern ^atte er fie nid)t gelernt, benn er fonnte toeber lefen not^ fcfyreiben, unb in ben Sud)ern fte^en folrfje efd)irf)ten aut^ ni(^t. Unb er tranl ein Ia$ nad) bem anbern, unb nac^ {ebem 20 erja^Ite er immer biefelben ef(^i(f)ten, aber ba 3ftab* ^orte fie ja gent* Unb jute^t fagte er ifjr, tuie er in i^ren Slugen lefen fonnte. 3)a ftanben bie f^onften efd^td^* ten Don alien, aber bie ttmren fo ftf)5n, bag felbft ein ngel fie ntdjt lefen bitrfte, i X)a ftanb ba^ 9JJab(^en aber ^Bfeltd^ 25 auf, & tear and) fd)on fe^r, fe^r fpat, unb ber 2Birt gab bem {ungen 3J?anne ba befte 3i mtner r ba^ er Ijatte. 2lber er fonnte nic^t frf)(afen, benn er bacfjte Immer an ba$ fc^5ne 30 EASY HEADING. $anm tear er eingefd)Iafen, ba rtef ifyn fdjon ber SBtrt & toar nod) fefjr fritf), unb bte (gonne mar nod) nid)t anfge* gangen. 9htr an bem Often fd)ien ein granes 8id)t ,,@ie mnffen fyente nod) einen toeiten SBeg marfjen," fagte er, s ,,)arnm biirfen @te ntd)t ?u (ange fcfjlafen." a ftanb ber Junge 20?ann auf r aber in fetnem o^f lag e [c^iDer trie ein 9JJiil)lftein nnb er war gar nid)t In|tig (5r I)atte Ja nid)t gnt gefd)Iafen, S)a3 griifjftnc! (tanb [d)on anf bem Zifdje. !Die |d)dne SSirt^to^ter fyatte e^ gentad)t r barnm 10 a er r obfc^on er feinen 2lppetit ^atte. S)ann fagte er bem SBirte ,,Sebemo^(/' aber jn ber fdjonen gBirt^to^ter fagte er ,,2lnf SBteberfe^en/' nafjm fein Jifd)(ein nnb ging bamit (ort. 2lber e tnar fein Stfd^Iein gar nid)t !Ea^ ^atte ber bofe SSirt ttJd^renb ber 97ad^t genommen nnb I)atte il)m ein an- 15 bere Jifd)lein bafiir gegeben, ba$ g^rabe fo an^fa^. 211^ er nad) anfe fam r erja^tte er ton feiner 9?eife, ton bem ^alafte be^ S'bnig^ 2Ba(bmann nnb Don bem number- DoHen ifd)Iein, ba^ biefer i^m gegeben I)atte, aber leiner Oolite e^ glanben. er jnnge %)laun fad)te. f ,@ie luerben e^ 20 ba(b glanben, toenn fie t?on meinem ifdj(etn effen/' bat^te er. ,,2ifc^tein, bea$, ba no^ t)iel 10 beffer tft afe etb 3Ba$ benfen @te benn t)on mir? SBenn ic^ etb ^aben ftriff, fo braud^e i(^ nirfjt bafitr su arbeiten, tt)ie anbere 8eute. S^ein, ba^ fann ic^ triel beffer," Site ber SBirt baS l)orte r tourbc er fe^r Ijflflicf). w !Da ift h)ieber etner t)on ben ummen," bac^te er, ($ ift 15 gut, ba fo Dtele umme auf ber SBeft finb, ie brin* gen einem ba^ IU(J in$ au^, fo ba^ man e3 nitf)t auf ben (Strain ju fuc^en braud^t." Unb bie frfjone SBirt^torf)ter mu^te ein (a^ Dom beften SBetn f)olen, unb ber >idfe tranl e^ f^nett, benn er tt>ar fe^r 20 burftig, tote attc 3^9 er * ^ fd)fine 9Jfabc^en brac^te aber immer norf) me^r SBein, unb al er fo ba fag unb trattf, fa^ er gar balb, tt)ie f(^on fie lt)ar, @o(d)e groften, btauen Slugen ^atte er notf) nie gefe^en, J)er SBirt erjafylte efrf)t(^ten t)on fernen Sanbern, too er 25 Sotbat getoefen toar. er junge 3)?ann lonnte aber fein 2Bort fagen. g^ ift audj nid)t leidjt, Diet gu fpre^en, toenn man fott^ ein fdjdneS 9Jicibcf)en fiel)t. S)a^ fyat f(^on mandjer au^gefunben, 84 EASY HEADING. Site eS bnnfet mnrbe, rief ber SBtrt bie iener. @r Kefl grope 8ampen an^unben ; bie brannten fdjdn unb Ijett. Slndj lie er mefyr @olj aitf ba$ getter merfen. ann gingen fie in ba3 (Shimmer, ort mar em ifd), baranf ftanben bie 5 fdjdnften peifen. letter unb affen maren fel)r f^on, Sein raf i)at fc^dnere, 3)ieffer, abefn nnb 8dffe( n?aren nom feinften @ilber. er SBirt erjd^Ite intmer nod) feine eftfjicfjten. )er jnnge 3ftann fap neben bem f(i)dnen 3JJtib* d^en nnb bergap ba^ @pred)en, aber ba^ Sffen nnb rinfen 10 uerga^ er nit^t. S^ac^ bem Sffen fpielten fie Garten, nnb ber jnnge 3Jfann tierlor imnter, benn er ntn^te immer baran benfen, toa6 fitr it)nnbert)olle, b(ane Slngen bie fdjdne 28irttod)ter tjatte. llnb er fi^ante tiiel met)r in i^re 3lngen r al^ in feine Sarten. Sr 15 fonnte in iljren 2lngen an^ Diet ntefyr fe^en, ate in feinen Garten* @r bac^te, bap er bort fein (nd fa^, aber ba^ ^at fc^on manner gebadjjt, it)enn er in ein ^aar gro^e, blane 2lngen ^ineinfdjante, SIfe fie jn ^Bett gingen, tear e$ fdjon fe^r fpat. er 20 Sirt gab bem jnngen 3JZanne ba^ befte ,3i mme ^ ftber ^iefer fonnte lange nidjt fd)(afen, benn er ba^te immer an bie gro^en, blanen SIngen ber 2Birttoct)ter. Site er am 3)torgen anfmad)te r iDar e^ @onntag r nnb bie @onne ftanb fc^on fyod) am imme(, aber fein $opf n)ar fo 25 fcfjwer, nnb er mar gar nic^t fo frof), \me er am Slbenb ge # iDcfcn mar. gr ftanb au, a^ fein grii^ftncE, nnb I)atte nid)t t)ie( gn fagen. er SSirt mar an^ ganj ftill, benn er Ja gerabe fo Diet SBein getrnnten, mie ber jnnge Sftann. bie fd^dne 2Birt^tocf)ter mar frofy nnb fang mie ein SSogeL DIE DUMMEN. 35 id) erft elb fyolen," fagte ber junge 9ftann, afe er gegeffen fyatte, unb ging gum Static, too fein ^ferb ftanb. )er 3Birt folgte ifjm, benn er tooflte feljen toaS ber junge 9ftann tfjat Sin ber Satire be3 tailed blieb er ftefyen unb fd)aute 5 Ijinetnf, a fal) er, mfe ber junge 3)?ann ju bem ^5ferbe gtng unb fagte: ff ^5ferbc^en r ftrede bid)!" unb trie ba^ eine anbt>ott olb niefte* a tear e^ aber gerabe, er feljeti tooHte. Sann gtng er fd)nett tDteber gum aufe juritd: . 10 Site bann ber Junge 2Kann fam unb t^m ba$ elb geben ttjottte, fagte er: ,,2ld) nein, ge^en ie bodj no(^ nitf)t fort . eute ift ja onntag* 3lm onntag biirfen @tc bo^ nt^it reifen, 33teiben @ie bi 3)Jorgen, @ie fyaben ja ^t\i genug unb fonnen tnorgen autf) nod) na(^ aufe fommen^' 15 Unb aucf) bie fcfyone SBirt^toc^ter fagte : ,,33feiben @ie boc^. Sim onntag ift e$ ^ier immer fo fd)tin. @ie miiffen blet* ben/' unb fie fal) ifyn mit ifyren gro^en, blauen Slugen fo freunblid) an , bap er gleid^ '$&" fagte* @o blieb er, unb e^ it)av ein luftiger onntag. @ie tanj* 20 ten unb fangen, a^en unb tranfen bi$ fpat in bie Stac^t; gur ^ird)e gingen fie aber nicfjt ,,ier mocfjte i(^ immer fein," badjte ber junge 3)?ann, , f toenn jeber 3:ag onntag mare," angen fonnte er aber ni(^t fefjr gut, benn er it)ar ja fo groft unb bicf, baft bie 8eute i^n ben 25 )iaren nod) gerabe fo arm tt)ie tmmer. @ie iDaren aber bod) feljr fro^ r afe fie if)n fafyen, nnb er erja^Ite i^nen, too er getoefen nnb toie er fein IncE gefnnben ptte, aber fie ladjten nnr nnb toottten e^ ntd^t glanben. 10 ,,yi fottt e^ f ogleid) - f efyen, ob e^ ttwfyr ift ober ntt^t/' rief er. ,,^ferbd)en, ftrede bicf)!" aber ba$ ^ferb ftanb ba, toie jebe$ anbere ^ferb nnb niefte nid)t S)a lac^ten bte anberen nod) tanter, aber ber S)i(fe ftmrbe fo tranrig, ba^ er brei 2^age (ang ntd^td effen fonnte. ^a, ber SScrluft feine^ 15 litcf e^ ntad)te it)n fe^r tranrtg. tonrbe ber jiingfte Srnber, ber nmme r and^ alt, nnb ba ging and) er in bie SBelt nm fein Iiid jn fnc^en. Unb er lam, toie feine Sritber gnm ^alafte be^ ^i)nig^. , f 2Ba^ 'tuiflft bn toerben?" fragte bet 20 Sonig. n Qi) mocljte olbat toerben/' fagte er r nnb fo tonrbe er @olbat 2Ber am toenigften fonnte, gar nicfyts ton^te, nnb am bitmntften toar, ber toar beim ^onig SBalbmann ber befte Sotbat. !l)er mmme aber fonnte nnb tonj^te gar nid)t& 25 SBenn bie anberen Solbaten re^t^ gtngen, ging er linfe, nnb oft lag er nod) im 33ette nnb fcfjltef, toenn e fc^on SJfittag toar. )arnm ^atte ber ^onig iljn fe^r gent, nnb baft tonrbe er Offijicr nnb gute^t an^ eneral. a mot^te ic^ and) ofbat fein. Qfy tonrbe baft eneral toerben. DIE DUMMEN. 37 @o torn* er nun enerat, nnb trng einen blanen 9to(J nttt golbenen $nityfen, unb cine geber anf bent nte. $a, ba$ tear fcfyon, nnb foenn er bnrdf) bie traften ritt, liefen bie 9Kcib(f)en atte an genfter, nm iljn jn fefyen. SBer modjte ba nicfyt eneral fetn! toar er aber lange genng betm ^onig gemefen nnb ftrieber ^eintge^en. a fagte ber @8ntg jn i^m : f ,SBa^ id^ b^inen Sritbern gab ft)ar beffer aU olb nnb tlber, aber fie Ijaben e gteic^ ftrieber t)erloren r nnb e^ fjat ttynen ntt^t^ gef)olfen a^ titcJ tft nnr fnr bte Snntnten, aber id) toeij} 10 ntc^t, ob beine Sritber jn bnmnt toaren, ober ni^t bnntnt ge* nng. arnm tt)itt \ btr ettoaS anbere^ geben* ^ er / ^i^^t biefen @acf t)otl olb. 33iellet^t fyaft bn nte^r Iit(J banttt*" . )a na^m er ben @aen fonnen mir nicfjts tljun. $$ fyabe fie gar nicfyt gern, unb fie toerben mid) fdjon laufen faff en." @o ging er nun.mit f einem olbe toeiter , abet e3 toar fetjr s fdjtuer, unb bte Sonne fd)ien toarm, unb ber SBeg tear fanbig, 3ute^t fam ba ein Better auf einem fcfyonen ^Jfcrbc. 3)er fagte: ,,uten Sag, tnein err. 2Bie gel)t e$ 3f)nen?" ^Sld)/' fagte er r ,,mir ge^t e6 gar ni^t gut. @8 ift Ijeute fo fyei, unb ber SacE ift fo fairer, ba id) i^n faum tragen 10 lann. (5^ ift and) olb barin, aber id) oolite bod), ii^ ^atte ein ^5ferb bafiir. & ift fo fdjon, trenn man reiten !ann. 2)a fitjt man auf bent ^ferbe, gerabe lt)ie auf einem tuljte, unb man fommt nad) aufe unb n)irb bo^ nic^t mube^ ; ff oren @tc/ fagte ber 9teiter. $&) gebe ^^nen mein 15 ^ferb, unb @ie geben mir ^^ren @a(f. $d) tf)ue ba^ genre, toeil @ie fo mitbe finb, unb tueil id) ein fo gute$ er? tjabe, bag idj immer fro^ bin, ben 8euten gu Ijelfen." ff 3)a^ ift fefyr gut t)on ^^ etl * -34 ^ an ^ e -3^^ taufenb* ma(. 3^ toerbe e^ nie Dergeffen. 3lber ber @ad ift fc^toer, 20 ba$ fage n^ 3^) nen ^ e toerben tniibe fein, menu @ie fyeim- fommen." @o fpra^ ber junge 2Jiann, na^m ba^ ^Jferb, unb ritt bamit foit2- 311^ er nun fo ritt unb an gar nid)t$ bacfjte, lief ein afe Dor it)m itber ben 3Beg. S)a fprang ba ^ferb p(o^Ii(^ 25 auf bie (geite, unb ber 5)umme lag auf ber Srbe. 9)Ht bem Sopfe fiel er gerabe auf einen tein, unb ber tein rt)ar I)art, luie afle Steine. @ trar gut, ba^ gerabe ein Saner mit einer Sufy lam. er fing ba$ s $ferb unb brac^te e^ bem $)ummen. DIE DUMMEN. 39 Stetten," fagte biefer, ,,ift abet gar nicfjt fd)on, menn man fo auf einen (Stein Ijerunterfattt Da ift $l)re uf) beffer. Die giebt Jeben ag 2JWd), gutter unb cife, unb man mirb and) nidjt Ijeruntergemorfen. $a, menu id) fo eine $ul) fyatte, bann fcritrbe id) mir ntdjtS meljr wimfdjen." 5 ,,oren ie, Iteber grennb/' fagte ber ^Saner, ,,te finb etn gnter, junger 3JJann ; ba !ann ii^ an -3^^ 2Iugen fe^en, barnm modjte id) ^^nen ^dfen. eben @ie mir ^^r ^ferb, unb nefymen @ie meine Su^" a t()at ber umnte fo* gtetdj unb tear fo frofy tt)ie ein itemed ^inb ju SBetl)nac^ten. 10 S)er Saner aber fprang auf ba$ ^ferb unb rttt bation , fo fdjnett er nur fotmte. 55er umme naljm feme Su^ unb gtng Better , unb bacijte intmer an ba^ gro^e (ucf, ba^ er l)atte, ,,o Die! Iit(f tt)ie id), I)at nod) letn 3)?enfd) gefjabt," fagte er gu fid) felbft, 15 S$ lrar aber fel)r tuarm, unb jule^t ipurbe er au^ burfttg. fc^on tft e^ bod), baft id) je^t bie Sulj ^abe !" fagte ei\ fann id) bie Su 1 ^ melfen unb lann bie WHlty trinfen. tft gut fiir unger unb Durft" Unb er fing an bie $ul) ju ntelfen, aber e^ lam leine 20 aftilcf), unb gule^t gab il)m bie u^ einen fol^en d)(ag t?or ben ^opf mtt bent ginterfufte, ba^ er auf bie (Srbe fiel unb gar nicfyt me^r mu^te, mo er mar, Unb afe er fo auf ber 6rbe lag, fam ba ein SKann, ber trieb ein djtoein. er SRann ^atf bent )untmen mieber auf bie Seine, Stber btefer 25 mar gar nidjt me^r fo fro^. ,,)a$ mar aber gar nid)t fd)bn/' fagte er : ff 3BU^ mill fie nid)t geben, aber fd)(agen fann fie mie ber SU^, )a$ [jdtte id) ni^t gebac^t," 40 EASY READING. ,,3a," fagte ber 2ftann, ,,bie Sufy ift fcfyon tuel ju alt, )ie ttrirb feine SDftld) meljr geben." wlXiS benfe id) aud)," fagte ber )umme, ,,aber toa$ fod id) tfyun? 3 a / toe* id) ! e fa SdjtDein fyatte! 3)a giebt triel 5 (Sdjmeinefleifcf). te SBurfte finb fe^r fd^Cn, unb 33utterbrot mit @c^m!en effe tc^ and) feljr gerne." ,,5ren te/' fagte ber 9ftann, ,,t(^ gebe 3^) neTl me ^ c^tDein fiir 3^ re ufyr ^6er t(^ t^uc e nur, tuetl @ie e^ finb, unb toett ie fo gerne 33utterbrot mit @d)in!en effen." 10 3)a iDar ber umme tpieber fo frofy tuie ein Sngel unb bantte bem 3)?anne taufenbmaL , f 2ld) bitte/' fagte ber 3Kann, ,,icf) ^abe e }a gerne getfyan, ttjeil @ie e^ ftnb/' unb trieb f^nell mit feiner ul) baDon ^, 911^ aber ber Dumme fein @d)U)ein forttreiben oolite, ging 15 e$ gar nid)t fo fcfyon, benn nic^t ein {eber fann @(^tt)eine trei* ben. (3 lief bur^ gelber unb 33iifd)e, unb ber J)umme mu^te mitlaufen. @^ tDar aber fe^r fjeift, unb jule^t tt)ar er fo mitbe, ba feine 53eine if)n ni(^t me^r tragen fonnten. j)a Hep er ba^ @c^tt)ein laufen unb legte fic^ am SBege nieber. 20 2lt^ er fo lag, fam ba ein 33auernjunge, ber trug eine fette, toeipe an^ unter bem 5lrm. er )umme er^a^lte il)m fein UngUtd e^ mac^t nid)t^ au^Jagte er. n $i) taffe ba^ (aufen. a^ S^beinefleif^ ift bod) $u fett. ^c^ 25 effe e nt^t gern. ^ a r toenti id) fo ^tne fd)t5ne an$ ^atte !" Unb ba gab ifim ber 3 un 9 e ^ e an ^ un ^ trieb ba^ @^tt)ein nadj aufe. Unb aud^ ber J)umme ging mit ber an^ toeiter unb bat^te tmmer nur an fein (ltd (o lam er batb in ein Heine^ DIE DUMMEN. 41 )orf. )ort begegneten ifym brei 2ftcibd)en, brei djmeftern. ,,@ef)t, ma$ fitr fdjflne, meie gebern bie @an3 l)at !" fagte bie altefte unb ftreidjettc bie an$. 2lber iljre anb bUeb feft an bet an$ fyangen, unb fie fonnte nid)t fort , unb fie nutate bent 3)ummen folgen. 5 ,,SBo gef)ft bu ^in ?" rief bte gtoette Sc^lDefter unb na^m ifjre anb, unb ba mar aut^ fie feft unb ntuBte nutgeljen. Uttb bte Jitngfte @d^tt)efter fa^te bte jtDette an unb tooflte fie fatten, unb ba ft>ar fie and) feft unb muftte tnttge^en. Unb fo muBten bte bret 9)labd)en bent untnten fotgen* @r aber 10 fal) fie gar nid)t, benn er bad)te nur an fein Iit(f, 21(3 fie aber mitten im )orfe it)aren r fam ber ^JJaftor, unb al$ er fie fa^, ftmrbe er fe^r bofe, ^Sftabc^en/' rief er, ,,iDa$ ma^t t^r ba? $ft ba^ fd)on, ba ifjr ba ^inter bent jungen Sftanne f)ertauft? e^t nac^ aufe ju eurer 2Kutter!" 15 er mar fo bofe, ba^ er bie jitngfte djmefter an ba$ fa^te, unb ba tr>ar er and) feft unb nutate au^ ntitge{)en. aber fal) er ben djuttefyrer, unb ba rief er : ,,err , lomnten @ie bod), unb Ijelfen @ie mir!" Ser fam unb moHte i^m ^elfen, aber ba mar and) er 20 feft unb nutate bent 3)ummen fotgen. X)a lam gerabe bie grau be ^aftor^, unb afe fie i^ren 3)?ann faf) rief fie : ,,2Ba miltft bu mit ben 2ftabd)en ! 8a fie bo^ ge^en!^ ff 9ld), fei bu bod) rul)ig unb gel)' nad) aufe l u fagte ber 25 ^aftor. ,,2Ba^ mitlft bu benn fyier?" ,,o/'' rief bie gran, ,,id) foil na^ aufe ge^en, unb bu faufft l)ier mit ben 9)Jabd)en auf ber (Strafte krunt L >eW bu felber nad) aufe!" unb fie mar fo bofe, baft fie ifyren 3Kann 42 EASY READJNG. in bie ^rnare faftte. )a war aucf) fie feft unb ntuftte audj mttfommen. Unb bie $rau fdjrie, unb ber ^aftor fcfyrie, unb bie Sftabcfyen fcfyrieen, unb afte unbe im )orfe ^famen nnb bellten. Qtyt crft fal) ber )mmne bie 8eute, bie i^m folgten, benn 5 er ^atte immer noc^ an fein &iM gebatfjt, unb er fa^ and) bie unbe, bie il)n beij^en itiollten, unb ba ^atte er folrf)e Hngft, ba^ i^m bie ,3dl)ne Happerten, unb bie ^>aare ju ftanben, (Sin grower, fdjtDaqer unb luottte i^n gerabe ein beipen, ba ftanb fclo^lirf) ein graue^ 9J?annIein t)or 10 ba t)atte einen groften @a(J auf ber (Sdjulter, , f $nitypel au bem ad!" rief ba 9JMnnIein r unb ba fam ein $nitppet au bent @ad unb frfjlug auf ben fdt)tt)ar^en unb unb auf bie anberen unbe, fo ba^ fie laut unb fortliefen, fo fcfjnelt fie nur fonnten* 15 ff SnitppeI in ben acf !" rief ba 2Rannlem, unb ba ber ^nitppel tDieber im Sacfe. ,,ie ^aben ba eine iDunberf^dne an$," fagte ba^ (ein. ,,3Bo ^aben ie bie ^er?" ,,)ie ^abe ic^ fiir ein cfytDein befommen." 20 ff Unb ba^ @d)tuein?" ,,abe id^ fiir eine $ul) befommen." ff Unb bie Su^?" ,,abe ic^ fitr ein ^3ferb befommen." ff llnb ba^ ^ferb?" :s ,,>abe ic^ fiir einen @acf tood o(b befommen/ rr Unb ba^ o(b?" ^at mir ber bnig Salbmann gegeben." t)aben Sie aber gut gemarf)t. at ^fyr 25ater f otdje flugen i)I)ne ? u DIE DUMMEN. 43 ,,6r l)at beren brei" ,,ttnb mi)cf)ten @ie mir je^t nid)t bie an$ fitr meinen @acf geben?" "3 a r 0etotB ! @oW) eitt (Sad: ift bod) fdjito. SBenn id) ben fjabe, brancfye id) leine Slngft ttor ben nnben ju fyaben." llnb 5 fogleid) gab er bent 2ftannlein bte @an^ fitr ben @ad , f 2Bie gnt ttnb frennbltd^ @te finb," fagte er, n $d) njerbe e^ nte tiergeffen," @o gtng er nnn nttt fetnent @atfe Better , nnb gnle^t lam er ant^ gn bent 2Btrte, tt)o feme betben 33riiber getDefen toaren, ort luar e$ nnn fd)on ! S)er SBirt Ijatte ja ben Sltf^ nnb 10 ba^ ^ferb, nnb fo mar er fefyr retd) geftorben. @r ^atte ftc^ etn nene$ 3Btrt^an^ banen laffen. 5)a^ ttmr gro^ nnb fc^on lt)te etn @cf){oj3, nnb elb l^atte er ntefyr tt)te ein Sdntg, S3 tt)ar fdjon Slbenb, afe er ^n bent SBtrt^^anfe lam r aber fyetteS 8tc^)t fd)ien an^ ben I)ol)en genftern, nnb er Ijorte 15 tt)nnberf(^one 2J?nftf, Ser SBtrt ftanb t)or ber X^ttre, nnb randjte etne fe^r feme Stgarre. 2)er Slnpg, ben er trng, mar Dont beften @d)netber gentad)t morben, nnb fo fa^ h)te etn grower err. Site er ben Jnngen 3)Jann nttt bent grofjen @acE fa^ r fragte 20 er fogtetd) : ,,2Ba$ mollen @te nttt bent^alten acf?" n Qa, ba^ fann tt^ ^fynen ntd;t fagen/' mar bie 2lntmort f ,2lber biefer @ad ift nteljr mert ate olt) nnb Sttber. ^8ttte, nel)tnen @te il)n bte Sftorgen fril^ menn ic^ mieber fortge^e. ,niip^cl an bent Sad!' ntitffen ie aber nt(^t fagen*" 25 S)a mnrbe ber SBtrt fe!)r I)dfli(^, w S)a ift gemift mieber einer t)on ben nntnten," ba^te er. , f 2Benn no<^ ntefyr font* men r merbe id) jnle^t nod) ^ontg merben. Sinn, mir merben e^ ja fe^en." 44 EASY READING. $a, toir toerben e$ feljen. )er )umme aber ging in bie tube, too bie fcfytine SJiufif tear, >a toaren fcfjon mele junge 8eute unb tanjten. )er )umme tangte and), gr tanjte mit ber fdjonen 2Birt$tocf)ter, s toeldje fo tdjflneS, blonbeS aar unb groe, blaue 5lugen I)atte. 5r tanjie fo gnt r ba^ bie ft^bne 9Birt^tod)ter nur mit i!)m tan^en ttjottte. @r toar aud) ja olbat getoefen^ nnb olbaten tanjen atle gut. er SSBtrt fonnte fawn marten, bte ber a(t gu 4Bette ge* 10 gangen toar, benn er bac^te : ,,)er @ad ift getoi^ nod) beffer al^ ber Jifc^ unb ba ^ferb." ann na^m er ben @ad unb fagte : v^nuppet au^ bem @ad !" unb tote ber 53Itt^ lam ber l au^ bem @acf unb feeing auf ben Sfttcfen be SStrte^ unb tmmer fort, fo ba^ er braun unb blau tourbe, unb ber 9Btrt 15 fd^rte unb Ijeutte, ba^ a((e ?eute au$ ben -93etten fprangen. ie Seute famen unb fafjen, toarum ber SBirt fo ^eutte. liefer aber rief: ,,Ufe! itfe!" aber letner toottte t^m ^elfen, benn Jeber toar fro^, bap er ben Snitopel nt^t auf feinem 9tit(fen fufylte. er umme fam auc^ unb fagte: 20 ,,)a$ ift recfyt! -3^ ^) a & e e ^ 3^ netl i a 9 e f a 9t @i^ ^aben ben ifd) unb ba^ ^JJferb gefto^ten unb toottten no^ mefjr ^aben, aben (gie }e^t genug?" w clfcn @ie mir bod)!" fd)rie ber SBirt, benn ber Puppet arbeitete immer nod) fleiftig. n $d) toiH $!)nen ben Jifcf) 25 unb ba$ ^JJferb and) jurudgeben," f ,T)ie braudjen @ie mir gar nit^t ju geben, !Die toerbe ic^ neljmen, o^ne @ie barnac^ ju fragen," fagte ber 35umme. ,,elfen ie mir bo^!" f^rie ber SBtrt n $tf) gebe toa^ i^ ijabe." DIE DUMMEN. 45 ,,@o? 2lud) $l)re Jotter?" ,,3a$ Seffere^." 25 ff %lnn gnt, id) ^abe einmat einem SJfanne brei SBimfdje ge-- geben, ber iwtnfd)te fid^ fiir ba^ erfte feljr Die! Sier f fitr ba^ 3tt)eite nod) me^r 53ier, nnb fitr ba3 britte fo Diet 33ier, al^ er nnr trinfen lonnte. SSa^ tenfen @ie baDon?" ift and) ni^t Diet beffer," DER HOLZHAUER. 49 ,,9hm, @tc ttriffen ja ttrie e$ bem gifdjer gegangen tft. )er tnoflte and) immer mefyr f)aben, unb jule^t fyatte er f)at feme gratt getfjan. Die toar nie jufrieben, unb bumm toar fie and). -^(i) ()abe aber feme grau." 5 ,,3)ann ttmnfdjen @te fi(^ bot^ erne. 9lber mac^en @te fdjnett! 8affen @te mtt^ nttf)t erne ganje tunbe luarten, SBiinf^en @te bot^ fdjnetU" w ^a^ tt)iC ic^ aut^ r aber leine bumme gift^erfrau, bte ntd)t6 tt)ct. ^ tDtft erne ^rmjeffin ?ur grau ^aben. 10 3lber e mu^ erne n)trf(td)e ^rmjeffin fern, mtt blauen 2lugen wtb btonbem aar, unb fie muf; and) jung unb fd^on unb fhtg fein, unb eine tone foH fie tragen t)on retnem olbe," ,,gilr ba smette ttritt id) ein f^5ne^ cf)(o^ mit gro^en genftern unb Stpren, unb an jeber J^iire folten jtoei Siener 15 ftefjen, bie [often bunte ^leiber tragen unb eine geber am ute. Hub fitr ba britte tt)unfd)e id) mir i^ trift -- " Slber ba^ tear gerabe ba^ @e^ttmmfte. gr tou^te ni^t foaS er iDoftte. @ie fic^ bod^ ein ^onigrei^. 2Benn @tc eine 20 ^etraten, fo miiffen @ie bot^ au(^ ein 5nigreid) ^^^r ^^> bann fommt eine^ Sage^ ein anberer 5ntg mit Dieten olbaten, nimmt mir mein 5nigreid) unb fyeiratet meine ^rin^effin, unb mi(^ felber ta^t er binben ober titten. 25 -3d) toet^ fcf)on, tt>ie ba in ben 3Kcir(^en immer gefyt. ,,@o tt)unfd)en @te fii^ bod), ba^ ie in ben rimmet lorn* men, lt)enn @ie fterben." 50 EASY READING. ,,a ift Krirfiidf) ein guter ebante, abet fterben ttritt tdj nod) lange nidjt Slber feien @ie nur rufyig! 2ftorgen ift and) nod) em Slag, unb toir fyaben }a geit genug. $$ ^eift fdjon, toa$ id) imH. giir ba$ britte geben @ie mir nod) 5 brei anbere SBiinfdje." f ,2lber, lieber an^, ba^ !ann id) ja ntd^t. @o gel)t ba$ ja nid^t in ben 9)2tird)en. @ie finben ba^ in feinem anberen 3)idrd)en, nnb tuenn ie and) alte DJidrt^en lefen, bie gefdjrieben limrben/' 10 ,,)ie anbern SBMrc^en finb an^ t>ief gu bumm. ^ aber nteinen britten SBunfd) I)aben, unb toenn ie i^n mir nicfyt geben, fo iDunfdje ic^ r baft @ie ein gif^ toerben. @ie miiffctt bann tief im bunfeln SSBaffer leben, bi^ ein 5ifrf) e r fommt nnb 3ie fangt. )ann i^erben @ie gebraten nnb ge* 15 geffen, nnb ba^ ift lein 23ergnngen. ^a, bann toerben ie anber^ benfen." Sa mnfcte bie gee i^m geben, iwS er fi^ tDiinf^te : bie ^rinjeffin, ba^ t^Ioft nnb bie brei anberen . SBiinfdje. :Dann wunfc^tc er fid) an^ nod) fd)nell ein grofte^ .^onigreid^ mit 20 nieten olbaten, einen fd)onen golbenen S^ron nnb noc^ brei anbere SBimfdje. ~X)ann gtng er in ba @(^(oft, ort toaren t)iefe iener nnb grofte erren unb amen, unb bort fafc aud^ bie ^rin^ geffin an einem golbenen Sifd^c. 5lber niemanb fa^ ben ' 25 an3, benn er trug noc^ feine alien Ieiber, unb grofte erren unb amen fel)en feine geute, twelve fd)Ied)te Sleiber iragen. arum n?itnfd)te er fid) fd)ne(I eine $ rone unb neue Slei* ber unb nodj brei anbere SBimfcfje. a muftten fie gleid) atle, bap er Sonig ttmr, unb fie t^aten gern, toa$ er i^nen befa^L DER HOLZHAUER. 51 o toar er nun $onig unb lebte erft rerf)t glMlicf) mit feiner $onigin in bem fyerrlicfyen ^alafte. 2lber balb fal) er, ba feme $rau bodj nidjt jufrteben toar. 33alb twr bie$ nid)t rerf)t, balb }ene$; ba(b tear ein ifcf) gn f)0(f), ober eine l)ur ju flein, ober ein tnfyl tt)ar t)ietteict)t nirfjt fcfjim 5 genug. ann fagte ber an^ fc^nett etnen SBnnfd^ nnb ma^te e^ anber^ r abet bann lt)ar e^ ber . ontgin and) noc^ nicf)t rerf)t r unb fie ging auf ifjr 3mmw unb fprad) ben gan^en ag fein SBort. 10 3lber ber cm$ barter ,,@o t^un geit)i a(Ie ^oniginnen/' unb barum blieb er intmer gleic^ fro^ unb glurflicf). S^ur ba^ Steiten macfjte i^m fein 25ergnitgen r unb ein S'tfnig mu diet reiten* @r ^atte einen gro^en SSalb* )arin trar t)iel SBilb, ^ r W e un ^ a f en * SBenn er bann mit ben erren 15 unb amen in ben 2Ba(b reiten toptfte, um ju jagen, ftel er oft ti^rn ^Jferbe, benn ate er jung ttiar, ^atte er ba3 9teiten nit^t geternt, unb ie^t mar er gu alt ba^u. ann la^te bie Sonigin Iaut r unb ba^ tpar gettri^ nit^t Wfli^, Sine^ 3^age toolite bie Sonigin einen neuen arten ^aben, 20 unb ba toiitif d(jte i^r ber ^'dnig einen ; barin toaren bie Slumen t)on otb unb Ia^ r unb bie SBege non @Uber. old) einen arten I)at nic^t jeber $onig. 2lber bie ^onigin iDoIIte gar nid)t ^ineinge^en. , f otb unb ilber fann ic^ im t^toffe genug feljen," fagte fie. ,,3lber 25 ba^ Derfte^en @ie toteber ntd)t," unb bann fprad^ fie eine gauge fein SBort meljr. fagte fie : f ,SBir mitffen au^ ein neue^ @cf)to alte tft gar ju 52 EASY READING. ,,2cf)on gut/' fagte ber $8nig unb mimfdjte fid) fdpiefl ein neue d)IoB, fo fdjim urie er e$ fid) mtr benlen fonnte. xHber Me gran mar mieber nidjt gufrieben. ,,Ia$ unb olb unb 2ilbcr ift genug ba, aber ganj uub gar Icin efd)tnadL 5 2Ba$ meifc and) fo cm Sonig, ber bod) nur eiu otjf)auer in?" fagtc fie. 3)a$ mar uuu boc^ ju bid, uub ber gute att$ hntrbe aud^ bofc unb fagtc : ff 3fefct .tmll tc^ aber au^ Icin SBort me^r ^oren. 2Bcnn @ie nidf)t fogtet^ rut)tg finb, merbe id^ @ie in 10 cine alte ttttc ^incinlDimft^cn. 2)ort tocrbcn @ie auf einent ^iinbd @tro^ fd)Iafen mitffen, unb bann merben @ie balb anber^ benfen unb jufrteben fein." Hub cr war fo bofe, bap er fyinauSging unb bie Sonigin allctn im 3^ mmcr iUriidlie^ inter bent @d)Ioffe auf ber is Jraw fanb er brei 3)iener, bie bort fa^en unb Garten fjrid* ten. ,,^ao mad)t ^l)r ba?" fragte er. fpielen farten, err tonig," mar bie Slnttoort. ift gut," fagte er. ,,)a fpide ii) g(eid) mit /' unb er fcote fid) unb legte feine Srone neben fid) auf Tte~ Stre^^e. 20 Unb line er fo ba fafc unb ftridte, tuurbe er nrieber fro^ r unb balb ijatte cr gan^ dergeffen, ba^ er $8nig mar, unb ma^ fur cine bofc ivrau er ^atte. gr fptdte aud^ fe^r gerne, obfcfyon cr immcr ocrlor. ;Hbcr bie Momgtn fam i^nt nad^ unb afe fie it)n fa^ ttrie er 25 auf ber Ircppe fa^ unb mit ben )ienern tarten fpielte, ba fing fie a> ju fd)dten. 2ie frfjalt fo laut, bap man e^ im gan^en 2diloffc horcn fonnte, unb bie J)iener famen ade unb ftanben auf ben Ircppcn, unb bie ,f)erren unb 2)amen ftanben an ben ucrn unb fdjautcn su unb (ac^ten. DER HOLZHAUER. 53 3uerft ftriette er rufyig better , benn er Ijatte gute Sarten unb toottte ba$ (Spiel getmnnen, unb ttwS bie Sonigin fagte, toar iljm nitfjtS 5fteue$, benn er fyatte e$ fd^on oft genug ge* l)ort gr mnrbe oft genug gefdjottetu 3lfe er aber fa^, bag atte tauten, fprang er ple^t auf, nnb bte golbene Srone ftel 5 t)on ber Jreppe Ijerunter unb jerbrat^* ,,grau/' rtef er, , f feien @te bot^ rufytg ! 53in it^ benn $8* nig getoorben, bamit meine iener itber mic^ Iacf)en fotlen! SBa3 benfen @ie benn? ,.aben @ie ben 93erftanb t^erloren? ^c^ iDolUe bot^, ba^ it^ nie einen SBunfcf) ge^abt l^citte !" TO Unb faum ^atte er ba gefagt r ba maren @rf)to^ unb Die* ner unb afte$ plo^tid^ tterf^tDunben. @r ftanb mieber am 33acl)e tm SBatbe, unb t>or ifjm I)ing ba6 S^e^ am 33aume. S)er 3So* get, ben er frei gelaffen Ijatte, t)erft^tt)anb gerabe j^ifc^en ben Saumen, unb in ber gerne fjdrte er eine timme : ,,@ie 15 bummer 2ftenfcf)!" 54 EASY READING. 10, $>, bit Hcgft mir im (FOLKSONG.) m, bu liegft mir im ergen, )u, bu liegft mir im @inn, )u, bu mcufjft mtr triel djmerjen, SBei^t tticf)t h)ie gut it^ btr bin! Q&, K K ja, iDei^t nic^t luie gut id) bir bin! o, fo ftrie i(^ bic^ liebe, o r fo tiebe aud) mid)! e r bie gartlidjften Xriebe gii^f ic^ nur ein^ig fiir bid)! 10 Qa, yi, W, W, W id) nur eingig fiir bic^ ! 3)od), bod) barf it^ bir trauen; J)ir, bir mit Ieid)tem @inn? !j)u r bu barfft auf mid) bauen, $ei$t Ja, ttrie gut id) bir bin! 15 3 a r K jci, ja, toeiftt ja rt)ie gut ic^ bir bin! Unb, unb tt)enn in ber gerne )ir r bir mein 33ilb erfdjeint, r bann tt>imfd)f id) fo gerne, un$ bie 8iebe Dereint! K ba un bie 8iebe Dereint! DER WIRTIN TOCHTERLE1N. 55 11* Subttig Ufytanb (1787-1862). ($ gogen brei -SBurfcIjen toofyl itber ben 4Bet einer $rau SBtrttn ba fefyrten fie ein. ,,$rau SBtrttn, I)at @te gut 53ier unb 3Bem? 2Bo ^at @ie ^{jr [(^5ne^ SHdjterlem ?" Sier unb 3Bein tft frtfc^ unb flat, SJJetn So^terletn Itegt auf ber otenbal)rV' Unb ate fie traten gut hammer f)tnetn, a lag fie in einetn f(^tt)arjen @d)rein, )er erfte, ber f(f)Iug ben djfeier jurittf Unb fc^aute fie an mtt traurigem SSlid: lebtcft bu not^, bu fdjone iDitrbe bid) tieben fcon biefer )er jlt)eite becfte ben Unb fe^rte fit^ ab unb toeinte baju: r,3l^ r ba bu liegft auf ber STotenba^rM 15 Qd) $aV bi(^ geliebet fo mandjeS Qafy." er britte Ijob itjn mieber Unb ftiftte fie an ben 9)?unb fo bletrf) : tiebf id) immer, bi(^ Iteb' t(^ nod) Unb merbe bi^ lieben in ttrigfeit" 56 EASY READING. g$ twr einmal ein @d)neiber, ber fafe auf bem ifd)e unb nafyte ttrie anbere cfyneiber aud). (5r l)ie ^eter gmirn. )a$ ift ein jefyr guter Statue fitr einen Sdjneiber, unb bod) mar er nidjt gufrieben. <2cf)neiber mar er gemorben, meil fein SSater 5 e^ and) getoefen trar, aber gute 2lrbeit ^atte er no^ nte ge* madE)t, obiro^I ber 9Keifter ifjn geuug gefdjolteu ^atte. ^eter aber badjte immer : ,,9Barum bin id) nitf)t 3 ; ^9 er 9 e * njorben? Ser uinttut bie Siicf)fe auf Me d)ulter, gel)t in ben grimen, bunften SBalb, uub fdjieftt irf^e unb afen 10 3a, e^ ift bo^ eiu frifdjeS, frete^ r fro^Iicfje^ 8eben Qtf) toei aud) gar nirf)t, n^arunt id) ^ier not^ langer bleibe/' Unb jo fafc er benn auc^ ^eute, unb tt)ar bei fefyr [(^(ec^ter 8aune. @r jerri^ einen gaben nad) bem anberen; ft)a$ er aber babei jagte mar lein ebet ann fo er hrieber eine 15 SBeile unb fdjaute burc^ ba^ Heine tritbe ^enfter auf ben of fyinauS . ,,Ser ma^t ^eute mieber fd)led)te Slrbeit/' bac^te ber SKeifter. )ie anberen efetlen aber arbeiteten fleifng. ie murben nie gefcftolten* & tear je^t grueling, S5ie 2ftorgenfonne fdjien fo milb 20 unb toarm tiom blauen immel fyerab , unb bie 23ogel fangen liberal! in ben Saumen. ^Cbrau^en mar e ganj anber^ al6 in ber engen, bumpfen tube. )a marf er auf einmal bem Sfteifter bie Slrbeit an ben Sopf, marf @d)ere unb 33itge(eifen in bie nat^fte (ScJe, toarf 25 tittle unb an!e um^ ergriff feinen ut unb fyrang jur )er 3Keifter aber faqte nid)t$, obfdjon er bofe genug mar, PETER ZW2RN. 57 6 fitrd)tete fid), betm er mnte, baft ^Jeter eine ftarfe ganft fjatt*. ,,ott fei )anf !" rtef ^Jeter, ate er branften mar, ,,ba$ mar em gnter ebanfe son mir ! Sftnn mag fommen ma ba mitt, e3 ift bod) immer nodf) beffer, ate in ber bnmpfen @d)neiberftnbe 5 fi^en! 3Bie fonnte icf) nut fo butmtt fein r ein cfjneiber gu merben ! rau^en im SBalbe ate ^^9^ ^ a ^ ift ba^ 8eben fitr mid^! @$ ift noc^ nirfjt 311 fpat bagu." llnb fogleic^ ging er 311 einem Sc^miebe, ber nidjt l^eit ba- Don iDo^nte unb SBaffen ju Derfaufen l)atte. )a fanfte er 10 eine alte San^e, bie JDar tt)ol)l fitnf gtten Iang a^ (Stfen baran mar attein eine @I(e lang nnb fo fd^toer, ba^ ein ftar^ ler 2Jfann fie fanm tragen lonnte, 3lud^ fanfte er eine grofte topfnabel nnb feijr ftarlen gaben. ff !Da^ fann icf) anf ber 9teife t)ietteidE)t nod) gnt gebrandjen," fagte er; bann ging er 15 l)inan in bie tueite S3elt. s ^ort fam er benn and) balb in einen fefyr gro^en/ bnnfetn SBalb, toie alle c^neiber, tt)enn fie anf SReifen ge^en. 2lber er trng ja feine gro^e Sanje anf ber @d)n(ter. !Da ^atte er benn and) feine 2lngft nnb ging frtit)lid) meij^f^: 3 c ^^ e ^ tiefer 20 fam er in ben ftitten, griinen 2BaIb r mo bie 33anme fo gro^ nnb bidjt maren, ba^ er ben btanen immel balb gar nifyt mel)r fe^en fonnte* 3u(e|t mnrbe e3 aber ftodfinfter, nnb ba ftmfste ber (St^neiber, ba^ e Sftadjt mar* @r legte fid^ mit feiner 8ange nnter einen 25 48anm nnb fdf)Iief fogteid^ ein, benn er mar fe^r mitbe. Site er einige tnnben gef^tafen fyatte, mad)te er ^lo^tit^ anf. !)a mar e^ in bent finftern SBalbe nod() Better ate bei age, fo ^ell, ba^ er fanm fefyen fonnte. g^ mar aber fetn onnenfcfjein, 58 EASY HEADING. and) tear fein geuer ba. >er djneiber fyatte aber feme 2lngft, benn er Ijatte feine grofte Sanje, 9?nl)ig fdjante er umtjer . 3uk^t fat) er etttaS 22eie3 fyinter ben groften, bnnften 5 SBaumen in ber gerne. )a fprang er anf unb rannte mit fetner anje barauf Io$, fo fdjnelt er nur lonnte. Slber ^lo^- Ii(^ ftanb ein |)rac^ttge^, tt)etJ3e$ ^ferb tior i^m r nnb barauf fap eine tt)unberfd)dne r Junge Same mit einem grimen Steib, nnb enter tDeipen geber am nte, 10 a ftanb ber ^eter nnb lonnte lein SBort fprerfjen. fo ec^dne^ t)atte er in feinem 8eben nod^ nie gefefyen, nnb er e$ felber gar lunate, it)ar ifym bie ?an^e an^ ber anb faflen nnb lag ba anf ber (Srbe. 2lber bie fc^one S)ame fadjette nnb fagte : ^u 15 ftrie fommen @te I)ierf)er ? SBiffen @ie nidjt, ba^ bte ber SBalb ber Dergauberten ^rin^effin olbrdsrfjen ift?" w @o!" rief ber cfyneiber, ber je^t lt)ieber fpredtien fonnte, al^ er fa^ r ba^ e bod) !ein efpenft tt>ar. ,,>ie fc^dne ^rin* ' jcffin finb @ie tt)o^t gar felber ?" 20 a nidte bie fdjdne Same la^elnb nnb fagte : $$ I)abe an^ ein groe$, ^errtid)e^ @(^Iop nid^t mett Don Ijier, arin tft ei3 gar fd)dn. Slber leiber bin id) Deqanbert, tt)ie fo t)tele $rin}effntnen, bie biefem ober jenem alten 3 au ^ erer i^ r ^ atl ^ nid)t geben tDottten. @o l^abe icf) benn and) fdjon itber ^nnbert 25 3 a ^ re ^it meinen tenem nnb )ienerinnen tm @d)Ioffe ge* fdjfafen. 3Jnr eine einjige tnnbe in ber 9Bod)e barf id) in ben SSalb reiten, nnb ba$ tft jnr 9J?itternac^t Don amftag anf onntag." rf @d)dne ante/' fagte ^Seter, ,,c frent mtt^ PETER ZWIRN. 59 latmtfdjaft 31: madjen. )arf id) Qfy fitter fein? )arf id) @ie Don bem bofen 3 au ^ er befreien?" ,,3a, bad bitrfen @ie ganj gettrift, unb toenn @ie mid) be* freien, mu id) ^fyre grau toerben, unb @ie ftnb bann ber err tion atfetn, iDa^'tc^ Ijabe: em prac^ttge^ @rf)to^ t)tefe 5 )tener, gro^e SBalber unb getber unb Jonnen olbe^." ,,3ja^ ift aber bod) gar nifyt fcfylecfyt," ba^te ^etei\ n Qa, ba^ tft gett)t^ beffer, ate treun man (Sdjnetber ift, unb in ber bumpfen, engeu tube fi^en muf;." S)ann fagte er taut : f ,Sine ftfjone, Junge grau unb nod) olb basu, ba^ finbet 10 man nid)t alle age, nocf) auf alfen @tra^en agen @te mir, fd)one ^rin^effin, toaS tnu it^ tf)un, um biefen f)errlic^en ^5refe gu gett)innen?" f ,geidjt ift e^ nid^t/' fagte ofi>r8Sd)etu ,,^n bem SBaibe t)or meinem @(^Ioffe lebt ein fdjredlit^ grower -S3ixr, unb ber 15 I)at bi Je^t nod) jeben jerriffen, ber mtc^ Je befreien tooflte. S)iefen 53aren aber mitfjen @ie tfiten." ,,Qd) merbe ben 33eiren ganj gettjij^ t5ten, fcfibne ^finjeffin, aber tt)a^ mu^ ic^ bann tljun, tt)enn ber 53av tot ift?" ff -3?a, bann bin id) au bem @d)Iafe ermad)t, unb meine 20 Diener and), ie fommen aber fogtei^ auf ito$ @d)Io^ r unb no^ an bemfelben Sage iDerben loir oc^jett tyaltetu @ie finb ein ed)ter fitter, ntd^t ma^r?" ,,ett)t^ bin id) ba," anttDortete ber c^netber ftolj. ff 93Bte ^ei^en @ie, unb toad fitr ein SSBa^en ^aben @ie?" 25 fragte bte ^Jrtngcffni* ,,$d) bin ber fitter ^eter toon ber Site, unb mein pen ift bie @d)ere, bad -Sitgeleifen, unb jtoei 3la^nabe ,,@o?" fragte bte ^rinjeffin, ^eter toon ber gtfe? 60 EASY READING. fenne id) aber nicfyt unb and) nidjt. ben 9?amen. ift toof)l em gang neuer Slbel?" ,,etoi|V' antirortete ^eter ftolg, ,,$)er neitefte unb befte." ,,@onft mar bod) hnmer ber aite Slbel ber befte," fagte 5 bie )ame. ,,)od) ftenn @ie mid) befreit fyaben unb mein emal)l finb, t^erben te Ja ber retdjfte fitter im gan^en ^anbe fein. ann tutrb e au^ ntd)t3 au^mad)en r ob ^^ r 9lbel alt ift, ober neu." @o fprad) bte ante otbro^cfjen unb ftmr ^Io^It(^ tier- 10 fd)tt>unben, tocffinfter lt)ar e^ irteber im 2Ba(be, 5)er @d)neiber fa^ unb fjorte ni(^t^ me^r, djiDarje 9la(^t unb tiefe tide lag ring^ umfjer. S)a legte ber @d)neiber fid) nicber unb fdjlief ein, o()ne itber ba^ r luaS er gefet)en I)atte f nac^gubenfen, benn er toar nodft fe^r mitbe, 15 grul) am 3Korgen tt)ad)te er auf. a toar e^ im SBalbe nocf) ganj bunfet; nur au$ bent Often lam ein graue Sic^t. Sr bac^te iDteber an Me fdjone ^rinjeffin, aber er fagte ju fid) felbft: ,,'DaS mar gett)i^ nur ein Xraum. 2lber ^ungrig bin id) babei gemorben, unb je^t mu^ id) mad)en r ba^ o id) ettoaS gu effen finbe, S)a^ ftrirb aber tnof)I nid)t (eic^t fein, benn id) benfe ni(^t, baft fyier in biefem SBatb 8eute @r nagm feine Sange unb ging lueiter in ben 2Ba(b ^in* ein, fo fdjnett er fonnte* (5f)e er abr.r tneit gegangen tt)ar, fam er pI5^(id) an einen fd)()nen gro^en arten, a ftan* ben fciele ^Btumen, f(^one 53aume, unb in ber $erne fa^ er and) ein prad)tige$ d)(o^. )ie SD^orgenfonne fdjien auf bie Ijofjen Jiirrne, unb fie glangten ttrie olb. (Sdjneiber toollte gerabe in ben arten ge^en, afe et PETER ZWIRN. 61 em faute^ eranfd) fyorte. g$ toar al$ ob ein tnrmtmnb bnrd) ben SBalb lam, 2lfe er aber fyinfal), tag ba ein fdjrecf* ticf) grower 33ar nnb frfinarcijte fo lant, bafc fief) bie 33anme bogen* ,,o," bad)te ^eter, ,,ba Ijaben ttrir il)n ja. 5ftnn toerben 5 tDtr fe^en," Unb f^nett na^m er 9Za^nabeI nnb gaben nnb begann ben (Scfytoanj be^ 53aren an ben nacfyften Sanm jn na^en, 3lfe bet cfyneiber gerabe fertig tear, ertoacfjte ber 4Bar unb fd^ante tl)n mit f^redtirfjen 3Ingen an . ,,2Ba3 tt)iC(t bu 10 ^ier in meinent SBaIbe? j ' brnmntte er t^i!^ nnb ftanb anf r merfte aber nidjt, ba^ fein @c^tt)anj am 33anme fe(tgentt|r" t)i(I id)," fagte ^Jeter rn^ig. ,, 9lrbeit fitr mid), ober lann id^ anf bent @d)Ioffe i)tettet^t 15 etrna^ jn tfynn flnbcn? ieb mir 3lrbeit, toenn it^ bitten barf." W 35a ift nicfjt iDa^r," rief ber 33ar. ,,35n bift ein fitter ttrie bie 2tnbern r bie dor bir ^ier lr>aren. 2lber bie ttmrben at(e jerriffen. n bcnfft ancf) bie ft^one ^Jrin^effin jn ge* 20 trinnen, aber bn ftrirft batb anbere^ebanlen ^aben." 3)?it biefen SBorten itjottte er fit^ ancf) fcfjon anf ben @rf)neiber ftur^en, ber aber fagte : ,,@et bod^ rn^ig, lieber ^Bar! n barf ft ba^ Ja ni^t tfynn! $tf) bin tuirfli^ nnr ein armer @rf)neiber nnb fam fyierfyer, nm Slrbeit gn finben. 25 @tel), fjier l)abe id) 9?abel nnb gafcen tt^ie atte @(i)neiber." , f Du bift atfo mirfli^ nnr ein @cf)neiber," fagte ber Sar ettoaS milber. ^^nn, bn fie^ft and) {a gar nicfjt an$ ttrie ein fitter. Qtf) mn^ mir einen nenen Dtod 62 EASY READING. etnen fatten brannen, ben id) onntagS tragen lann. )iefen fjabe id) in ber tabt madjen laffen, nnb er ift fdjon alt nnb Ijat Sdcfjer. 2lber toa$ tragft bn benn ba auf ber @d;nlter?" ,,2Mj, ba$ ift ja nitr mein 3 a ^ n f t0( i) er u ^eijst kodj, 5 ftrie bie gebrancfyt toerben?" ,,@inen ^aljnftodjer fyabe i^ mir au^ f(^on oft gettjiinfrfjt, eftern Slbenb I)abe i(^ etnen 9?itter gegeffen, nnb bc^ ^leift^ fifct mir jei^t no^ jtoifd^en ben 3^^ nen ^annft bn mir ba ttid)t ttiit beinem $at)n]totf)tr bie $on 3f)nen. 9Bie fonnten @ie aber eine fo grofte Jf)at fcottbringen?" ,,^a/' fagte ber 9titter r ,,um eine ftfione Same ^u befreien, fann ber ftarfe 3Kann aHe$. er SSar ftitrgte fid^ fogleit^ auf 20 wtf) -Jfil^r ft&er W) 39 me ^ c^toert unb fd^Iug i^n jtuei* mat iiber ben So^f, fo ba^ er tot gur Srbe nieberfieL Urn aber eine fo f^one Same tme &ie ju befreien, tote idj ganj gerne nod^ gefyn anbere 33aren." a tt)ar bie Same fefyr fro^, ate fie ben fitter fo fpre* 25 djen I)brte. n $a, u fagte fie, ,,@ie finb \mtilify ein edjter fitter. Slber ba @tc nun ben ^reis gemonnen I)aben, fo lommen @ie benn audf) fyerein , bamit tt>ir bie od^^eit fatten lonnen." a i)5rte man pfo^Hd) ein f^redli^e^ ^3rummen, & 64 EASY READING. mar ber 33ar* er lam au$ bem SBalbe, rannte mie mutenb iiber ben of, unb fam gerabe auf bie reppe ju. a liefen bie tenet afle in ba3 6d)lo, fo*"fd)nel( mie fie nur fonnten. er fitter fprang auf fein $ferb nnb mar 5 fort mie ber SBtnb, aber bie s }Jrmgeffin fonnte &or SBfagft nid)t t)on ber tcllc fommen. 3)er 53ar aber la^te tout, marf bie aut t^on fid), nnb ba ftanb ber ^eter t>or ber frf}onen ^rmgeffin. Sir madjte eine SSerbengnng, fo gnt er e^ nnr fonnte r nnb e war iDtrftt^ gar nirfjt fo ft^Iedjt. 10 J)aJ3 ii) e^ bin, ber ben ^Baren getotet l)at, tranche id) $I)nen tt)ol)( nidjt me^r gn fagen, fc^onfte ^rin^effin!" f ,3ld) r ja,.@ie finb e^, err t>on ber @tte. Sel(^ ein SScrgniU gen! enrij$ gtanbe id) ba^ nnn ganj gerne, nnb barnm molten tt)tr and) fogleid) in ba$ c^to^ ge^en nnb ^oc^jeit fyalten." 15 Unb am nac^ften SKorgen mar alle ferttg nnb odjgett mnrbe ge^aften, fo ^errlic^ nnb pra^tig, mie e nnr auf bem @d)Ioffe einer tjerjauberten ^rinjeffm mog(td) tft. 9tun mar unfer ^3eter ein reid)er 9Jfann r Ijatte er bod) fd)bne^ d)(o^ gro^e SBalber unb gelber nub onnen 20 @o lebte er benn aut^ erft ganj gtucflid) unb pfrieben mtt feiner jungen gran, aber jule^t murbe e i^m tm c^toffe bod) etma$ langmeilig, arum fagte er eineS 3)?orgen : ,,8iebe $rau, ^ier tm c^Ioffc tft e$ mir ju bumpf unb eng. $d) mod)te ein menig im arten fpajieren ge^en, a ift e$ 25 fo fdjon. 3Beier @anb liegt auf ben SBegen, bie 53Iumen bliil)en r unb bie Sonne f^eint fo jc^on, Sotten @ie nicfjt ^ttfommen?" a^ tt)at bie gran bann aucf) gan ( } gerne, aber mie fie fo tn bem fc^onen arten auf* unb abgingen, lief ein grower, PETER ZWIRN. 65 alter aje auS bem SBalbe, gr fefete fid) Dor ifjnen auf ben 2Beg unb macfyte bem ^eter ettte 5Rafe. a imtrbe ber ^5eter bofe unb fttcB erft mtt bem gu^c nad) iljm, bann toolltc er gerabe einen (Stem aufljeben, um tljn bem -afen an ben u toerfen, ate biefcr anfing ^u tyredjen : nrifl fo em d)netber jetn? etn fitter, [to^ unb fein? 3ft bod) tuir ber ^3eter S^^rn, at nur gaben ftatt eljirn. O^ne Sitct, o^ne elb 10 Sauft er bur(^ bie gatt^e SBett." ift ba ?" rief bie ^rtn^effin unb toar fe^r erfcfjrod en, ,,@ie finb etn djnetber, unb 3f^r Slante ift ^Jeter $mim? Unb fol(f) etn SJJenfrf) Ijat mt^ au^ metnem fiifeen glummer aufgetDedt, mt(f), bie ^rtnjefftn otbrd(f)en, unb ba bin id) 15 je^t bie gran eine$ @cf)neiber^ getDorben!" ,,!Dumm^eit/' rief ber erfd)mnnben, noc^ e^e fie n !galt" fagen fonnte. S)a mn^te fie attein junt t^toffe juritdgetjen; ber dfjneiber aber mar im fit!)(en r bunflen SBalbe unb fang ein fro^Ii^e^ 8ieb. 15 ,,a c^Ummfte ift nur, baft id) meine San^e babei ter* loren I)abe/' fagte er, aber er ging fdjnelt meiter ^ unb ma er nad)f)er noc^ alle^ gett)an ^at, lann man ntd)t einmat in einem bicfen Su^e befd)reiben. (5r murbe ein grower ^ager, i^at Diele SRiefen getotet unb bie ^^O 6 ^ a ^ en ^ m ^Ityt ein 20 d)Ioft gebaut, ba gans toon olb mar unb fo fciele 5tiirme t)atte, ba^ man fie gar nidjt ja^ten lonnte. Db bie fdione ame otbrd^c^en traurig murbe, ate il)r emat)I ploi^i^i fortging, meift man nidjt, unb in ben 33u* d&ern fte^t aud& nic&t^ baoon. 25 gte lebt tmmer nod) allein mit ifyren ienern im @d^foffe r benn ein anberer 9?itter ift nie gefommen. 3)a ift e^ nun aber fefyr einfam unb langmeilig, unb ba^ ift nod^ t)ie( f^timmer, ate menu man einen @d)neiber ge^eiratet fyat. !Da^ fyat fie jei^t and) fdjon auSgefunben, aber e^ I)i(ft i^r nidjtS O STRASSBURG. 67 13* O (FOLKSONG). ) trapnrg! D trapurg! Du ttmnberfrfjone @tabt! Darinnen liegt begraben @o ntanirfjer @olbat @o manner, fo fcfjoner, 2lucf) tapferer @o(bat r 3)er SSater imb Iteb' Gutter @o frii^ berlaffen ^at 3SerIaffen, t)erlaffen, 6 fann ja nt^t anber^ fein ; 10 !Denn ju trapurg, ja 311 trapurg, Da miiffen olbaten fein S)te SKuttcr, btc SKutter, Die gtng uor^ aupttnann^ au^ : ff 2Ic^ au P ttnann r I^ber ^auptmann, 15 ebt mtr ben @oljn f ,Unb tuenn t^r mtr gebet 9lucf) nod^ fo trieteS elb ; guer @o^n unb ber tnu^ fterben Qm ftetten, bretten gelb," 20 toeiten unb tm bretten, brau^en tior bent getnb; fein fdjtoarjbranneS @o bitterli^ nm ifyn S lueinet, eS gretnet, g^ Haget gar fo fe^r : ^Slbe, ntein er5a((ertiebfter, SBir fe^'n nn ntntmermefyr!" 68 EASY READING. 14, (Softener* toar einmat tor Icmgen ^afyren em artner Sftann, bet Ijatte fein ciu$d)en in einem bitten SBalbe, barin toofynte er mit gran unb fecfys finbern, unb ba$ ttmren atte naben. Obfdjon ba3 aud)en Hetn unb fdjtedjt toar, fo fatten fie 5 bod) genug ju ef[en, unb frol) unb gufrieben inaren fie and). (Sie luaren glMttcfj. 2)2el)r ^at and) ein ^aifer nid^t, unb manner Sonig Ijat nid)t fo t>ieL er JUngfte t>on ben Snaben lt)ar blog 3tt)ei Qafye alt, aber er toar grower unb ftdrler ate fern -SSruber, ber boppett 10 fo alt tear, (ir fjatte auc^ ^)aare fo Ijdl ttrie olb unb @on* nenf^ein, 3)arum I)ie^ i^n ber 93ater nur ^olbener/' Gtne^ Jage ging ber $ater in ben SBalb, urn Dots ju I)auen. Da rief ber ^itngfte: f ,3Sater, td^ gef)e mtt f it^ tt)itt bir fyelfen," unb lief i^m nad). ,,ut," fagte ber SSater, ,,fomm 15 nur, fleine^ 9)iannd)en^' !Da nal)m i^n ber 3Sater bei ber anb, unb fie gingen jufamnten in ben SBalb ^tnein. SBie fie nun fo gingen, !am ba ein afe. Dcr lief fo fdjnett er nur fonnte, aber er tt?ar t)ertDunbet f unb bte unbe iDaren ^inter ifynt I)er. @r fturste tnie tot ju il)ren git^en 20 a I)ob i^n ber $nabe fd)nel( auf, unb ber SSater fterf te in feme grofte Jaf^e. (eid) iDaren and) fdjon bie unbe ba ; bte bettten laut unb tDodten ben afen tjaben, aber ber $nabe na^m einen @tod, unb jagte fie fort. Da liefen fie guriid in ben SBalb, toofyer 25 fie gefommen tDaren. Der 33ater ging bann mit bem ^naben Better, bi^ fie ju etnem 53ac^e tauten. ter nafym er ben afen au^ ber afdje, GOLDENER. 69 unb al er fal>, bap er nod) lebte, tmtfd) er if)m bie SBunben, benn er liebte bte iere gar fefyr. 33alb tourbc ber afe frifd) unb munter, fo bag er ftneber laufen fotmte. ,,)u bift fo gut getoefen, bag id) bir gar ntdjt genug banfen lann," fagte er. ,,3dj modjte e3 bir lofjnen, 5 aber attcm faun ict) ba3 nicSt* arum get)t mit mir tia^ metner SBol)uung, beun id) btene bem 3^ er 9 e ^tafebeht 3)er tft fe^r rett^ ; ber gan^e SBalb tft fein, unb in ber @rbe ^ot er ganje Serge tjon o(b/' @o fpratf) ber gafe, unb ba gingen fie in ben bidden 28a(b, mo 10 fie balb gu einer fel)r gro^en dje famen. reintat Hopfte ba ad)en baran. vSBer ift benn ba ?" rtef jentanb tm Saume, ,,^^ 6m e^ r bein a3d)en, mit jmei SKenfd^eu. ^omm l)erau, ic^ ^abe bir ettra^ ju fagen/' !Der Saum tDar fyofyt unb Ijatte leine flatter mefyr, unb 15 ^ot^ oben tear ein 8od); barau^ fam ber 3 it)er 9 un ^ f^ ratl 9 <5v(J\A/^^ fd)net( l)erunter r obft^on er einen langen 33art f)atte. 2lfe er faf) bag ber ^afe Dertt)unbet tear, twtrbe er feared lid) b5fe. a er badjte, ba bie beiben 9Kenfd)en e^ get^an fatten, er* griff er einen tocf unb ftiirjtc fid^ auf ben Ihtaben, ber 20 gerabe na^e am 33aume ftanb, er aber fitefj ben 3^^ 3 ur ^^ f ^ a ^ er m ^ ^ etn So|)fe tjart an ben 53aum f(^Iug. a rief ba a^c()en : ,,@etb bod) rut)ig. iefe 3)?enf{^en fyaben mid) Ja gerettet, fonft fatten bte Qaev unb unbe mid) getoift getdtet/' 25 a ftanb ber 3^ er 9 tutebcr auf unb toar auf einmal ganj freunblid). (5r mar gerabe fo grop mie ber ^)nabe. Sart, unb ^)aare maren dott olbftaub unb aud) fein fo bap er ganj gelb au$faf). 70 EASY READING. ,,$ommt," fagte er, ,,ttrir tootten un$ l)ier auf ben 33aum ftamm fe^en. 3ftein a$rf)en fott mir ersafylen, ime e ge* fommen ift." )a$ tfyaten fie bann and), unb ba$ a$djen erjafjlte. 5 Site eS ju gnbe tear, fagte ber 3toerg 3 U & em olgljaufcr: ,,3fc^ bin bir fe^r banfbar fiir ba^ r lt)a^ bu getfyat: ^aft SBte fann id^ bid) bafiir belo^nen? aft bu nicljt t)ietleid^t einen SBunfrf)? aBiinf^e bir ettoaS!" ^Slrf)/' fagte ber 2Jfann, w n)a^ fott id^ mir tt)iinfcf)en! $$ 10 ^abe ja etn au, eine grau unb fecf) Sinber, genug ?u effen unb norf) ein it>enig etb. SReljr fann man ja gar nirfjt f)a* ben/' Sa f(^aute ber 3* t)er 9 i^)n ganj erftaunt an. fagte er, ff bu I)aft gar letnen SBunfc^ ! 6olrf) einen 15 ^abe id) nod) nie gefe^en* a^ ift ja gar nic^t mogli^/' <5o f-prac^ ber 3 tt)er 9 un ^ 39 ^ e ?ffc au^ ber afdje, urn gu raurfjen. ie 3 it)er 9 e Knnen aber leinen Slabaf befommen, barum mitffen fie immer 9J?oo$ rauc^en. Site ber r 3 U)er 9 nun ^ e ^f e if e m ^ 3Koo fittten trottte, 20 gab i^m ber ^otj^auer feinen Seutel unb fagte : ,,?teber 3ti)erg, nimm eintnal t)on meinem Xabat (Sr ift nicfyt gerabe nom Seften, aber man fann ifyn bo^ gans gut rau^en/' 3^a fprang ber 3 tt)er 9 ^ or iJtcubc in Me 8uft, unb fetn e* fitfjt Iarf)te irie ber SSoHmonb. gr fittttc fc^nelt bte ^Jfctfe, fdjlug 25 geuer au^ einem tetne, fet^te fic^ i^ieber auf ben 33attm* ftamm unb rauct)te nrie ein Dfen ober ein d)ornftein. ^Ioi^(i(^ fagte er gans fremtblid) : rf Somm ^er, fleiner 3unge, ic^ \rnll bir einmal in Me Slugen fe^en." 60 fprad) er unb ftellte ben Snaben Dor fid) ^in, ann blie$ er i^m GOLDENER. 71 t*F' auf einmal ben bidden 9taud) in bie Slugen. 3ja$ mar fdjarf untr biiTgar fefyr, aber ber Snabe falj iljm feft unb ru^ig in$ eficf)t. !$&," fagte ber 3^9' ffba^ ift ein prad)tiger 3wtg e * 9Iu bem mirb noc^ etma$ 9ted)te^." S)ann fprang er pld^lid) am Saum ^inauf. unb fdjlitpfte in 5 ba3 8ocf). Slber nod) einmal fcfjaute er ftrieber fagte er r , f au bem ^ Un 9 en ^^ not ^ ettua^ merben bie 8eute \ii) noc^ Dermunbern. Unb ber abaf ift ei f^iittelte er ben Sopf, fo bap ber olbftaub lt)ie 10 9tegen t)on bem langen Sart nnb aar ^ernnter ftet, nnb fort toar er. 2)er olbftanb aber fiet bem ^naben anf ben Sopf, benu er ftanb gerabe nnten am gu^e be^ 33anme ; ba glanjte fein aar nod) feller ate jutior, unb Don nun an nann* ten U)ti attc 8eute nur fr olbcncr." 15 ^a^re famen unb gingen r grii^ing, ommer, erbft, unb SBinter. ie Jungen 53aume be^ 2Batbe8 touc^fen im 'SRegen unb onnenfc^ein, 2lber Don ben 6o^nen be$ ^)ol5^auer^ IDU^^ leiner it)te olbener, unb obfc^on ber jungfte, toar er bocf) batb ber ftarffte Don alien, unb auc^ ber grd^te. 20 3Benn ber 3Sater bann tief in ben SSatb ging, um 0(3 gu l)auen, fo mu^ten i^m bie Sinber ju SJfittag ba^ (Sffen nacf)* bringen. ofbener ging bann immer mit einem -SSaumjiDeige Doran ; fonft tuotlte. fein gefjen, benn jebe^ fitrc^tete fic^ in bem finfteren Satbe. 25 Senn aber (Softener Doran ging, fo folgten fie freubig, tin% ^inter bem anberen, burd) ba^ bunfelfte )im er unb ftetfte fie ftt^ gum Slnbenfen an ben ut !Dann ging er auf ber Sanbftra^e fuftig Better. Sa(b begegneten i^m bret 9?duber, ,,uten 5H?orgen/' fagte olbener, benn mit 9faubern mu man fyofHcf) fein. 74 EASY READING. Da ftanben bie 9ftiuber [till, unb fdjauten untfyer, fetner abet fafy ben olbener. ,,2Bo bift bit benn?" rtefen fie. ,,ier ftelj' id) ja &or $I)nen," fagte otbener. ,,9Bo, too?" fdjrieen fie, unb tmtrben fcfyon gang ftmtenb. 5 ,,@eien <5ie bod) nid)t bbfe r meine erren," fagte olbe- ner, unb nafytn ganj I)ofUd) ben ut ab Da fa^en fie il)n auf einmat unter fi(^ ftefyen unb erfd^rafen ganj getDalttg baritber. rr Do ift ber Sofe!^ frfjrieen fie, tDarfen elb unb SBaffcn 10 fort unb (iefen bation, fo fdjnett fie nur !onnten, ,,Da$ finb ja fonberbare SRduber/' bad)te olbener, na^m fo t)iet elb er luollte, unb ba befte etoefyr, unb bann ging er toeiter. Satb begegnete ifjm ein -Saner, f ,uten Xag, S'auer/ 1 15 fagte olbener, , f it)ie rneit ift e$ bi^ sur nci(i)ften tabt?" Da blieb ber 53auer gang erfcfyrocfen ftefjen, matfjte 3)iunb unb 2lugen tt)eit auf unb fdjaute untfjer. ,,ier ftetje ic^ ja Dor $f)Tt en * agen 6ie tnir bo^, lt)ie meit e^ ift bis gur nci(f)ften tabt/' fagte olbener, unb 20 fapte itjn beim 3lrm, ff crrgott/' fc^rie ber Saner, , f t)Uf mir, baS ift ber 33ofe!" unb lief bat)on, fo frf)neH er nur fonnte. ,,Da6 ift Ja ein fonberbarer Saner," bac^te otbener, unb ging tteiter. Salb fam er an einen Sad). Die onne 25 ftant fcf)on ^o^, unb e n)ar ^ei^, ba tranf er bann tjon bent fit^Ien 2Baffer. Dann fe^te er fic^ ane Ufer, legte unb etoefyr neben fic^ ins ra, unb rufyte. SSaffer luar ffar, unb ber blaue intntet fpiegefte fid) barin, unb and) bie gritnen Sciunte, unb olbener^ GOLDENER. 75 eigene eftalt mit ben fyetten gotbenen ocfen. 211$ er aber ben mt ttrieber anffe^te, mar feine eftalt dnf einmaf anS bent SBaffer Derfrfjumnben. ,,<5o," fagte olbener, ff je^t toei id), toa$ fttr eine geber ba$ ift, bie id) ba am nte ^abe." @r na^m fie Ijerunter 5 nnb ftecfie^fie in Me afrf)e. SBa^renb er fo ba ftanb, lanten brei ^rinjen be^ 2Bege^ ,,itten 2:ag, meine erren," fagte olbener, , f tt)o geljen @ie benn fo eilig fyin?" ff 2Bir ge^en pr tabt/' fagten fie, ,,bort ift ^eitte ein gro* 10 ^e^ geft )er Sonig ^at einen SSogel aufftelten laffen, SSer ben 2?ogel I)erunfer frfjte^t, be!omntt bie ^rin^effin jnr gran nnb tuirb nadf)^er felbft Sonig." ,,!Da^ ift ja fd)on," fagte olbener, ff ba ge^ r id) gleit^ mit nnb rt)ilt mein IM and) t)erfnd)en," 15 f/ 9lrf) nein/ j fagten bie 3lnberen, ,,ftenn it)ir ^rin^en ben 3Sogel nid)t treffen Ibnnen, bran^en @te e$ an(^ ni(J)t jn t)erfn^en/ rt ,,a$ luerben it)ir fc^on fe!)en/' fagte olbener, nnb fie gingen toeiter. 3a(b lamen fie jnr tabt a mar a((e^ SSoIf anf einer 20 gro^en 2Biefe fcerfammelt Ser SSoget tnar anf einer langen < tange anfgeftellt, nnb mele Sonige nnb ^rinjen toaren an fernen Sdnbern gefommen, nm iljr IM jn t^erfn^en, )er ^dnig nnb bie ^rinjeffin fa^en anf gotbenen tit^len, nnb fcfjanten jn, (Siner nat^ bem anbent f^offen fie, aber feiner 25 fonnte ben 33ogel treffen, ^nle^t trat otbener t)or, ,,a ift gettrift ber 6of)n eine^ $aifer$," fagte ber ^onig, afe er feine golbenen Sodfen fal). ff 2l(^ netn, S5ater/' fagte bie 93rinjeffin, , f fie^ nnr, ma^ er 76 EASY READING. fiir fcfyledjte Sleiber Ijat; er foft nid)t auf ben 25oget fdjie, en*" ,,@et nnr rutytg," fagte ber Sonig, ,,ba bte ^rmjen ifyn nidjt getroffen fyaben, nrirb er e and) nid)t fimnen." 5 9lber olbener ftanfyyfrfton nnb jielte unb fd)o, nnb ba lag ber 3?oget, mitten bnfdjge[d)offen r am gn^e ber tangc. gtn^umje^nrer ^nbetrnf be^ ganjen 25olle^ erfd^ott, nnb alk^ rtef : ,,eil!" nnb ,,0^!" {o lant e$ nnr lonnte, nnb frente W- 10 5Rnr bte ^rinjen madjten bbfe eftrfjter, nnb bte lt)ar t.ranrtg, n)ei( fie am nac^ften Jage ben 6of)n etne l^aner^ ^etraten follte, 3 e W 9^9^ a ^ e 3 um Wafte. ot*t n?nrbe gegeffen, ge* r - : trnnfen, nnb getan^t, aber fo rerf)t fro^(td) luar bo^ ntemanb. 15 f/^ er ^P e ^ n ^)^ 9 U ^ f e m/ /; bat^te olbener, al er bte bofen -33Itcfe fat). 2)a naf)m er feme geber, ftecfte fie tmeber an ben nt, nnb je^t f'onnte i()n niemanb fe^en. 3n einer gcfe be aale^ ftanben bte bret ^rtn^en nnb fprad^en jnfammen. rf 3)cr altc Sonig ift fel)t bofe/' fagte ber 20 etne, , f aber er ift em ganjcr ilontg nnb irirb fein ffiort ^al ten." rtQa," fagte ber anbere, f ,ber ^i)nig ift aber nod) lange nic^t fo bofe n)te bte ^rtn^efftn. 3J?an fann gar nid)t totffen, lt>a^ bte nod) tf>nn tt>trb r e^e fie ifyn ^eiratet." 2lnf ber reppe t)or bem c^Ioffe ftanben etntge *5 $&," fagte ber etne r ber n?ar em grower, grober, Stexlf , f bte ^rmjefftn mitt, bap id) ben otbener toten fott ; fie ttitt mir aber nnr einen Staler geben, aber id) unit ften ^ef)n. Safitr fanfe id) mir jnerft ein groped Jyaj"; imb fiir ba^ iibrtge fanfe ic^ 'mir ein HeineS Sdntgrei^, GOLDENEK. 7? gerabe grog genug ift, bag man otjne orgen bafcon leben faun, unb bann f-ottt ifyr metne SKmtftcr fein. 3lber Je^t mug id) fort, benn um onnenuntergang ftritt bie ^rinjeffin micf) erft nod) fprecfyen ; betm t^toctneftafl fyinter bem tt)trb fie mid) treffen, unb id) benfe fie tntrb mtr frfjon fo 5 t)iel elb geben, wit tt^ niir fyabenmfljL - & fort, unb olbener fo(gte i^m. Die tDartete frfjon auf if)n beim 6(f)U)eineftaH. ,,uten 3tbenb, err ^ciger/' fagte fie, ,,id) U)erbe ^^nen gern ettoa$ mel)r geben, aber @ie fcerfcmgen bo^ tptrflic^ ju 10 trieL 2tber la^t un^ ^ier in ben djtDeineftatt treten ; ba toerben un^ bie Seute nicfjt fe^en, unb bann Idnnen roir ru^ig jufammen fpre^en." 2lber olbener ftanb ^inter bem ^dger unb fdjlug i^n redf)t unb IhtfS itber bie Q{)ren, fo bag er taufenb terne 15 auf einmal fa^ 35a finite er unb fcfyrie: n&itfel Qitfei S5er Sofe ift I)inter mir!" benn er fonnte ben olbener ja nid)t fe^en, unb er fprang in ben @(^n)einefta(L S5a fdjob olbener fc^neK ben^ ^Riegel t>or bie ^itr, fo bag er nicfyt tDieber ^erau^fonnte. ^ 20 )ie ?prittjcfftn tuar in tljrer 2lngft in ben 'anfeftafl ge* laufen, ber neben bem djtoeineftaft ftanb, unb afe olbener ba$ faf), fd)ob er ba and) fcfynett ben 9tieget t>or bie Jfyiir, fo bag fie aud) nitf)t I)erau^!onnte, ^e^t tt)urbe e$ Stac^t, unb bie ^rin^effin toar fort, unb 25 niemanb tougte ttio^in, unb niemanb fonnte fie finben, obfc^on man iiberatt fudjte, nur nic^t Winter bem ctjfoffe im dnfe* ftatt, benn bort fut^t man ja feine ^rmjeffin. So mugte fie benn bie ganje 9?a^t im cinfeftaH 78 EASY HEADING. unb bie $rfauefftn fc&rie, obfcfjon fie eine ^rinjeffin toar, * unb ber Qtytr fhtdjte, benn er iwr eben em grober, fya^ lidjer Serl Srft am nadjften^orgen, ate ber <5d)ti)eineiunge fam 5 um bie Sdjtoeine guv ^iiftern, unb ben (Stall aufmad)te, ba fanb er ben -Sager unb tie ifyn ^erau r unb and) bie ^rinjeffin, 2lber fie fcfjamte fic^ fo fefjr, baB fie tout meinte, unb fie fitrd)tete fic^ auc^ t)or i^rem 33ater. a ging olbener jum Sdnig unb fagte, er ^abe nod) 10 feine 8uft ju fyeiraten, er tnitrbe mieber in bie toeite SBelt t)inau^ gef)en, and) toitrbe bie ^rinjeffin gett)i^ lieber einen toon ben ^rinjen fyeiraten. S)ie ^rin^en aber fagten : ^ein, eine ^rinseffin bie eine ganje 9]ac^t im anfeftatl gefeffen Ijat, iDotten tDir auc^ 15 nicfjt," unb bann gingen fie and) fort; unb tr>enn bie $rin* jeffin ni^t geftorben ift, fo ift fie gert)ip jefct eine alte, olbener ging aber mieber in ben SBalb sitritd:, um bie ittte feine^, 33ater ju fud^en, Jag unb iJiadjt lief er 20 uber gelfen unb alte, gefaKene Sa^imftamme ; and) fiel er gar oft iiber bie fcfytoarjen surseln,' bie iiberad au$ bem Soben ^erDorragten.^ VXr^l^*^ 2tm britten Jage aoer tourbe ber SBalb enbti^ tt)ieber Better, unb ba fam er fyinauS in einen fdpnen, listen 25 arten. S)er luar t?o(I ber Iieblid)ften Slumen, unb tueil otbener foIcfyeS noc^ nie gefe^en ^atte, btieb er Doll 53e* wunberung ftetjen unb freute fic^ tt)ie ein Smb. )er artner im arten erblidte i^n nirfjt foglei^, benn olbener ftanb unter ben (Sonnenblumen, unb feine $f m GOLDENER. glanjten gerabe fo itrie etne 33lnme. ,,)a$ ift gerabe ber recfjte 33nrfd)e fur mid)/' fpracf) er, fobalb er ifyn faf), nnb fdjlofc ba I)dr be$ arten. olbener toar snfrieben bamit. ,,ier nnter ben 33lnmen ift e$ ein gar bunted 8eben," bacfyte er. ,,23on Sonigen 5 nnb tabten fyabe id) fdjon genng gefefjen; ba bleibe icf) Ueber I)ier." 2lntf) fjatte er fd)on ganj bie offnnng anfgegeben, bie ittte feine^ 23ater^ tDieber jn finben. ,,gort in ben SOJalb," fprat^ ber artner eine 3ftorgen$ gn 10 olbener, ,,!^ole mir einen hrifben Stofenftotf, bamit id) ga^me $j$" 9?ofen baranf pflanje." olbener ging nnb lam mit einem tod ber fdjbnften SRofen jnritd. J)ie it)aren gerabe ate tyatte fie ber tefte olbfdjmieb fitr einen ^5nig gefc^miebet. ,,gort mit ben golbenen 3tofen!" fdjrie ber artner, ,,bte l)at ber 33ofe bir gegeben/' nnb fo ftieft er i^n an^ bem arten nnb feeing ba^ f)or jn. ie golbenen 9tofen aber jertrat er mit ben Stiffen, olbener lonnte bie SBorte be$ drtner^ nid^t begreifen. 5)ie artner glanben, baj} golbene 9?ofen 20 Unglitd bringen, aber olbener ttmftte e^ nit^t. (Sin 3 n)e ^9 &tt ^ em SRofenftod war i^m in ber anb geblieben. !Camit ging er nnn anf ber Sanbftrafte toeiter. 53alb fam er jn einem 53ad)e. ,,ier Will id) ben $wei$ jnm Stnbenlen in bie (rbe pfl'anjen/' bai^te olbener. Slber fo* 25 gleic^ .ttmd^ ber 3^ e ^ un ^ ^urbe in einigen 3)Jinnten ein f^5ner, r gro^er 9tofenftod mit ben pra^tigften, golbenen SRofen. ,,SBenn ba^ fo gefyt," fagte olbener, ,,tt)erben wiv fyier balb einen l)errlid)en arten fyaben," nnb f(^nel( brac^ er 80 - EASY READING. emeu nnjeren 3eig ab unb pp an 3 te ^ n auc ^ in unb atebalb trug er aud) ebenfo fctyflne, golbene SRofcn. 2lber ber anbere SRofenftocf trug jefet btofi gembfynlidje, rcte SRofen unb toar em getobljnltcfier, intlber Wofenfted. ,/JJitr au^ rerf)t/' fagte (Mbener, ppiidttc bie fc^onen, golbeneu SRofett unb ftecfte fie in feine afdje. SSon bem 9iofenftod aber brad), er einen 3^9 a ^ un ^ ^ a ^) m ^) n m ^ T)ann gtng er lueiter unb fam in eine tabt mit engen unb I)ol)en ciufern, ier Derfaufte er feine golbenen an einen olbfc^mieb. $ e t ^ atte er e ^ unb fonnte fic^ ebenfo fd^one $feiber faufen tnte ein ?llx> er aber bur^ bie 6tabt ging r fam er an einen fyerrlicfyen Garten, an beffen I)oren ein grower, pBlid)er 6olbat 15 ,,9S?em ge^brt biejer arten/' fragte olbener. ,.(5r gefjort bem Sonig/' fagte ber ottmt, , f aber freten ie nur ein, ber Stntritt ift frei fiir jebermann." Ta ging er fyinein, unb tmr gan? erftaunt itber bie Dielen prad)ttgen 53(umen unb 33aume, bie er no^ nte ge* 2ofel)en l)atte, 2(ber er bad)te bet fic^: fr @ol^c Stumen, mie bu fie pflan^en tannft, befi^t ber Sonig bod) nidjt." iiMc er fo bac^te, ftanb er ^Ib^lic^ i?or bem $8nig, ber gerabe in bem arten fpa^ieren ging. ,,0tim, mein greunb," fagte biefer, n toit gefaflt bir ber ^arten?" ,.C> gang gut," anttoortete otbener, ff aber icf| fjabe boc^ fc^on fc^bnere Slumen gepflattjt, al^ bie finb, toclt^c in biefem arten madjfen." Grftaunt fdjaute ber fbnig i^n an unb fprad) : ,,33ift bu GOLDENER. 81 betm cirtner? ,3eige m * r flktd)/ ^ a ^ ^ u fatmft, unb toenn id) mit bit gufrieben bin, fottft bu mein ^ofgartner toerben, benn ber meinige ift Dor einigen Stagen geftorben, onft aber laj} 7 id) bid) in$ efcingniS toerfen." )a pffangte olbener fdjnett ben SRofenjtDeig in bie (rbe r 5 unb er toucf;8 unb iwrbe jogleit^ ein . prac^ttger 9?ofenftod mit I)err(i(f)en gotbenen 5Ro[en. $&," fagte ber onig, ,,ba^ I)a(t bu tt)irlli^ gut gemadjt, unb bon Ijeute an bift bu ntein ofgartner." )ann rtef er bie ^rtnjeffttraen, unb fie fanten unb ftatfd^ten t)or 10 greube tnit ben |)anben, unb bann befam Jebe eine golbene ,,9JZorgen totrft bu ben gangen arten t)oll fofcfyer S^ofen ^flanjen/' fagte ber $8nig ju otbener, ff fonft laffc ic^ bit^ in^ efangni^ tDerfen, bort fotlft bu terl)ungern unb tier- 15 burftcn." Sa tourbc olbener ganj traurig, benn er ftmftte gar tt)o^(, ba^ er nur einen fold)en SRofcnftod pflan^en fonnte. 3lber e^ fing an ju regnen unb e^ bli^te unb bonnerte unb ber $onig gtng mit ben ^rin^effinnen in ba olbener aber ftedte feine meifee geber an ben mt unb 20 folgte ifytten. 2)er olbat ber tjor bem d^Ioffc SSat^e ^telt fa^ ifyn nidjt, gr ging alfo fyinein unb lam in ben groften aal, tt)o ber S'onig mit ben ^Jrmgcffinnen jufammen .fag. @ie beit)unber= ten bie fcf)onen, golbenen 9tofen r aber ber Sonig fpradf): 25 $&) fiird)te nur ba unfer neuer artner ein 3eig 5 ton bem Stofenftocf unb ging bamit gur @tabt l)tnau^, ofyne bag bte otbaten, inelrfje S?ac^e ^telten, i^n jafjen, benn er fyatte nod^ bte geber am ute. 2lm anbern 2Jforgen aber, al6 ber ^bntg in ben arten fam, fanb er bort nur etnen getDo^nltc^en, tDtlben SRofenftod 3ja tpnrbe er fo bofe, bap :o er atle Solbaten an^ bem 8anbe jagen Ite. otbener ^atte bte it)et^e geber t)om ^)nte ^erunter genom- men, nnb gtng trteber in ben SBalb, nm bie ^ittte fetne5 n fuc^cn. & lief Sag nnb ^ftadjt Don 33anm gn Sanm, ton gel^ sn gefe, Slber bie Serge twren fo 15 bte SHitfte fo ttef, nnb ber Satb fo bi^t, ba^ e^ Jag nnb 9?q$t faft gletd) ftnfter tt)ar. >^ /^ (Snblid) am brttten Sage tt)urbe ber SBalb !)el( nnb immer Better, nnb ba !am otbener l)tnan^ an ba blane 2)?eer, Sa lag eS tor tl)m, fo enbloS nnb meit, nnb bie @onne, bte 20 eben nntergmg, fpiegelte fid) in ber frtyftattenen gladje. S5a Jt)ar e^ tute fliepenbe^ olb, gerrlit^e @^iffe f(^tt)ammen baranf, mit ftotjen golbenen %a^nen rftannt fc^ante er nml)er. (vinige gifcfyer luaren in einem fd)onen 4Boote am Ufer. 25 T)a trat olbener I)inein nnb fa 1 ^ mit (grftannen anf ba ttjeite 2fteer ^inan^. f ,35a^ ift gerabe ber redjte Snrfc^e fitr ^/ fpradjen bie ^ifd)er nnb ftie^en torn Sanbe ab. olbener n)ar gerne bamit ^nfrieben. ff ier anf ben 9Bef* n/ bac^te er, ,,ift e^ ein golbene^ 8eben" 2lnd) ^atte er GOLDENER. 83 feine offnung mefyr, feineS 33ater$ wtte ttriebequfinben. 1)te gifcfyer rwrfen tljre 5fte^e au unb fingen nicfyts. ,,8afj fefjen ob bu glitdlidjer bift," fpraS) eitt alter gifdjer mit filbernen ^waren ju olbener. Sftit ungefrfjicften Danbeft fenfte olbener ba^ ^e^ in bte 5 Xiefe, gog unb fifdjte cine feone Don I)eHem olbe, rief ber atte gif^er unb fiel bem olbener ju f ,3Sor ^unbert ^a^ren Derfenfte ber a(te Saifer, ber feine (Srben l^atte, fterbenb, bte Srone tn 9JJeer. 9?ur ber IM'ltcfye, ber bie Srone ttrieber au ber Sttefe ^erau^jog, 10 follte fein ?ta(^folger tuerben. 33i% je^t lt)ar ber J^ron aber in rauer get)ullt r unb e$ tDar lein S?atfer im Sanbe." n&tii unferm Saifer!" rief en bie Sifcl)^ unb fe^ten bem olbener bie Srone auf. Sa erfdjott t)on d^tff su @d)tff bie ^unbe t)ott ofbener 15 unb ber lidjten Saiferlrone, @ie erfrfjofl itber ba^ 3Reer, toett in ba? 5anb ^tnein* -33a(b tnar bte golbene gladtje mtt bunten ^acfyen befei^t, unb mtt (to(jen r prtidjtigen Stiffen. 55iefe grit^ten atte mit lantern ^ubel ba^ @(f)iff auf toet c^em ^atfer olbener ftanb. @r ftanb mit ber Ijeften ^rone 20 auf bem |)aupte, auf bem 93orbertet(e be^ @cl)iffe3 unb fc^aute ber @onne ju, lt)ie fie im 3Jfeere erlofd), ^m 2lbenbtt)tnbe fee^ten feine golbenen ?ocfen. 2lm fetben 2lbenb fam ber ^ot^auer mit ben anbern o^nen au^ bem SS5albe r too fie gearbeitet fatten. Sett 25 olbener fortgegangen, toar er nie mefjr fo re^t glitdlid^ unb frot) getoefen, f ,8a^t un^ fcfynett ge^en/' fagte ber Slltefte, ,,e$ tt)irb fdjon bunfeL" ba, ber 3ftonb!" fagte ber ^todte. llnb ba fam e^ fyett 84 EASY HEADING. ben bunfien annen fyer&or, unb erne grauengeftatt, (euc^tenb tt)ie ber 2ftonb, fefcte fid) auf einen ber moofigen Steine, fpann mit frtyftaltener pinbel einen listen gaben in bie 3ladjt fyinauS, burdj tabte nnb 8anbe, nid'te mit bem @aupte gegen ben ^ol^auer, unb fang : ,,2)er ttJeige gin!, bie golb'ne ie $aifertron' tm SJJeere Unb ^od^ ait} feinem ^aifert SDer olbener, bein jiingfter 10 Unb ber SBalb ftintmte ein in ben Qnbd, unb bie 53erge bonnerten e3 guritd ; unb ber fyette (St^ein breitete fi(^ au$ iiber SSalber unb Serge unb SBalbe aber Hang e$ r\atf) t \me taufenb luunberbare " (Stintmen, unb bie $aume*flitfterten miteinanber in g 15 ni$fcotlen SBorten, ff Sommt r ti)ir ge^en gu unferm Sruber olbener/' riefen bie Sdfyne, unb ba frfjlo^ ber ^oljljauer bie S^pre feiner wtte ju, unb fie gingen in bie 28ett ^inau. 2lber faum traren fie nocb auf balbent SBege, ba begegneten f\ Tj|jry^ J 20 i^nen fd)on olbener^ Soten ju ^3ferbe unb ?u SBagen, ju olbener, unferm marfjtigen Saifer/' f|)racf)en fie, ^od^ auf feinem St^rone t>on li^tem otb r unb ju feiner ?infen fte^en gitrften, unb ju feiner 9?e(^ten fte^en e, unb feine Sefet)(e ge^en au^ in atte 8dnber^ DAS SCHLOSS AM MEER. 85 15. $a$ ^rfjloft am SSJleer* Subraig Uljfonb (1787-1862). >aft bu ba$ @djloj3 gefeljen, )a t)ol)e @ci)lo$ am often unb rofig U)et)en SOBolfen britber f)er. fief) niebernetgen bte fptegelftare glut, mbd)te ftreben unb fteigen ber SlbenbtDotlen Iut am Unb ben Sftonb bariiber fte^en Unb 9tebet tt)eit um^er*" er Stub unb be$ 3Kcere SBaHen, aben fie frif^en Slang? 3Serna^mft bu au$ l^o^en fallen 15 (gatten unb geftgefang? SBinbe, Me SBogen aKe 8agen in tiefer 9tu^ ; @inem Slagetieb au$ ber d mit 86 EASY READING. @al)eft bu oben geljen )en ontg nnb fein entafyl? er roten 2ftantef SBdjen, )er goftmen kronen traljl? giifjrten fie nid)t mit SBonne (Sine fcfyone ^ungfrau bar, errlid) ttrie eine @onne, @tral)lenb im .golbnen fa^ tc^ bte (Sttern betbe, ber kronen 8t(f)t r Jrauerlleibe ; 16 S$ i(t fc^on metjr ate fynnbert Qaljrt ^er, ba lebte in etnem ftetnen Sorfe in )eittfd)(anb ein Snabe, ber ^o^^^ 15 f ,3 ^ an ^ f0 Sc^mieb luerben," fagte ber SSater. ^ot)ann muftte erft bei einem alien cfymiebe in bie geften. )a$ tljat er ate er trier^n ^ a ^ re a ^ ^ar. Sr roofynte bet fetnem 3Keifter nnb arbeitete unb lernte ba ^anbinerf. Qr tuar je^t 8e^rling, Sin Sealing belam aber 20 gemb^nlid) tetnen So^n ; nnr bie $oft tt)nrbe i^m gegeben, gr mut$te mel)rere 3fat)re bei bent 3fteifter bleiben ; bann macf)te er fetn efeUenftitcf, nnt jn jeigen lt)a^ er gelernt DAS HANDWERK. 87 fjatte. )a$ efettenftitcf mar gut, barum murbe er efette Qtty fonnte er gefyen, mofyin er mottte, unb e(b tierbienen. Slber er burfte nur bei einem 3)eifter arbeiten. (r burfte nitfjt fitr anbere 8eute arbeiten unb elt) bafitr nefymen. @o arbeitete er mefyrere ^afyre. ^ r 9^9 ^^ e ^ e ^ @tabt 5 jur anbern, arbeitete unb ternte trieL T)a^ maren feine 2Banber}al)re. ^ule^t fam er ju bent orfe juritcf mo feine eimat mar. Qtyt Derftanb er fein ^wnbmerf gut unb mar ein titdjtiger @rf)mieb. Qtyt macfyte er aut^ fein s JJJeifterftit(f. & mar fefjr f corner gu macfyen, aber er ma^te e gut, unb 10- barum murbe er 3JJeifter. Sr faufte fic^ ein au$, unb bort arbeitete er, unb menu jemanb fi^ etma$ ma^en laffen moltte, fam er pm 3^) a ^ unb ber 3ofy atm a ttt immer t)iet 2lrbeit, benn er mar ein fefyr guter @df)mieb. a er 'nun 9)feifter mar, l)atte er aut^ 15 ba$ 9?ecf)t, 8e^rlinge unb efelfen ju ne^men* @o mu^te man fritfjer in Seutfc)Ianb ein anbmerf lernen, aber Je^t ift ba$ aui) atfe^ anber^ gemorben, unb jeber fann ein anbmerf ternen, mie er mitt. 88 EASY HEADING. (S toar einmal ein junger Snabe, ber Ijtefc gri, unb Ijatte toeber 23ater nod) SKutter. Sr mar ein bttbfdjoneS Sinb, mit blonben Socfett, unb menu cr Dor ber S^iire auf ber @trae fpielte, blieben bie 8eute fteljett,unb fragten: ,,9Bem 5 ge^brt ber fitehie?" Sann antmortete bte bofe, alte grau, bte i^n nttt biinnen J\ \@itppen unb Dtclcn cfyeltttorten aufjog: ,,@r ift ein SBaifen* !inb, unb ba 53e(te mare fitr tfjn, tt)enn i^n ber'Iiebe ott ju ftc^ in^ imnte(reid) nd^me," 10 gril^ aber tootlte no^ gar ntd^t to tmme(ret(f). @ ge* fiel i()nt fjier unten ganj gut, unb er tt)U(^^ auf, it)ie bie rot* fopfigen S)ifte(n I)inter bem aufe. S)ie fatten auc^ fetnen guten ^(a^ unb bot^ trurben fie grof$ unb ftarf. pielfame* raben ^atte er ntd&t-^i;nb menu bie anbern ^naben be^ or* 15 fe$ im S3arf)e iWu^Ien bauten unb ffetne @d)iffe V ^**t liepen ober im !Q u fpietten, fag gri^ im SBatbe brau^en unb pftff ben 33ogeln i^re 8ieberjtad|> @o fanb ifyn eine^ 5tage ber alte StauS, ber ein 25oget* [tetter fear. $t)m gefiel ber ^iibfdie .^unge, unb balb tDurben 20 fie gute greunbe. 9Zun faf) man bte beiben I)aufig &or ber utte be^ SSogetftetter^ nebeneinanber fi^eit, it)ie jipei alte >irieg$fameraben. Slau^ mu^te ntc^t nur allertei hmnberbare efd)irf)ten 5U er^a^Ien, bie ber grit^ balb au^tnenbig lernte; er lonnte aut^ bie eige fpieten unb le^rte bem gri biefe 25 ^unft, tiarf)bem er ifym eine alte eige jum eburt^tag ge* fcfjenft t)atte. djitler lernte frfjnett. enn ef)e ein SDtonat Merging DER FIEDELBOGEN DES NECK. 89 fpielte er- fdjon bie gieber, ), bu lieber Sluguftin," ,,@uter SDtonb, bit geljft fo ftitte," unb ,,2lte ber rojftater bte rofc mutter nafytn." Saritber toar ber SJogelftetfet ttef geritljrt, unb fpracf) bte'propljetifdjett SBorte: ,,r% benl an m^J ^ fefje bid), toenn mtr ott ba 8eben fcfjeuft, no2| oerentft am 5 ftrcfytag ate erfteu etger!" Site grt fitnfje^n 3 erfuc^en, ob t(^ au tfym eth)a^ Dtbentli^e? mat^en fann," Unb atte fagten, ir>te glitdHcf) ber grt fet, ba er einen foldjen 3Jieifter gefunben ^abe, bet bem er ein nit^licfyeS ^anbtoerf krnen fdnne. liefer aber mar and) ntcfjtS eringe^ ; er trar ber bier be$ Sorfe6 unb ftf)or ben 33auern ^Bart unb Slber er gab t^nen and) Bitten, unb ri^ tijnen and) bte Iranfen 3cU)ne au, man^mal and) bte gefunben ; barum nannten t^n bie 8eute nid)t anber3 ate ,,err oftor" 9ln bemfetben STage noc^ tuanberte grt^ in ba$ au^ 25 feine^ neuen |)errn, unb fd)oty am Slbenb fyotte er ba^ Sier fitr ben SJfeifter au^ ber @5^fe ; ja, ber grt^ ternte ft^nelf. Salb ternte er and) nod) toa$ fonft jum anblt?erf gefytfrt, unb fein SJietftcr war jufrieben mit i^m. 9?ur f)atte er e$ V 90 ^6-F REDING. nicfyt gent, baft gri in f enter fieien eit fo fleiftig auf ber eige fpiefte. ,,@$ ift eine brot ofe Swift," fagte er. (Sin paar .Qafyre ttergingen. )a fam ber ag Ijeran, an toetdjent gri fein efellenftitd: ntacf)en fottte. SBenn ber SReifter bantit jufrieben twre, bann bitrfte er ^inau^ geljen, in bie tt)eite SBeIt r nnb fein IU(f fud^en, 2)a^ efeHenftud aber ar, ba^ er feinent ^)errn ben Sart fdjeren nutate, unb ba^ tear nic^t^ eringe$. gro^e Jag tt)ar ba. er S3arbier fo auf bent tuljle. ciic""5tu(Lum ben ate nnb Ief)nte ben i*^ '* - - naf)tn eifc nnb 2fteffer, nnb tote er gerabe fc^on an ber 2lrbeit ttwr, ^orte er ^lo^Ii^ t)or bent aufe eigenfpiel nnb efang. (Sin 3ftann mit einent 53aren fam / 15 5)a gntfte bent grife bie anb tote er bie SKuftl ^5rte r nnb anf ber SBange be^ 2Jietfter$ fa^ eine btntige St^rantnte, bie reic^te t)ont D^r bte ?nr SWafe. D toe^ bn arm |Lfi r ^l| < er tu^I, tooranf ber SDieifter gefeffen ^atte, fiet rudllng^ auf ben ^Boben, SSittenb fprang vao ber ^(utenbe in bie ^pofye unb gab bent <93urfrf)en eine fcfyaf* \ lenbe O^rfeige, bann ri^ er bie S^itr auf unb fcfyrie : n etf )a pacfte ber gri feine Sadden gufantmen, nafynt feine eige unter ben 2lrm unb gtngimnt fiudud. )er Sudud 25 toofynte int $3albe auf einer ^t^e^unb toar gerabe ju aufe, J)er 33urfd)e erja^tte, unb ber Sudud fjorte e aufmerffam an; bann aber judte er bie glitgel unb fpra^: greunb, toenn ic^ aHen I)e(fen toottte, bie ju mtr toerben, ^atte ic^ rtel ju t^utu Sie ^eiten ftnb ga j^^in DER FIEDELBOGEN DES NECK. 91 fdjmer, nnb id) mnft frofy fein ba$ meine eigenen Sinber et= toa$ gn effen fyaben. Sen 2Uteften fyabe id) bei einer 8erd)e in Soft gegeben ; ben ^toeiten I)at ber s Jtat^bar ginf in$ an$ genommen ; ba$ britte Sinb, ein Sftabcfyen, ift bei einer )rof- fel; nnb bie beiben Sleinften ftnb beim pa^, benn eine beffere gamilie fonnte id) fitr fie ntd)t finben ; ja r e ftnb f^mere 3 e ^ e ^ 3$ felber fann fanm mein 33rot fcerbte @eit t)ier3ef)n 2^agen effe idj nid)t ate 9?anpen, nnb Soft ift nidjts fitr beinen 2ftagen. ^a, e^ t^nt mir feljr leib, aber ^elfen fann id) bir nit^t." Sa tie^ ber gri tranrig ben So))f fyangen, fagte Sndnd 8ebett)o^(, nnb ging mit feinen trnben"^e8an!e @r tuar aber nid)t tneit gegangen, ba rief ifym ber Sncfncf nad) : ff alt, gri^ ! SDftr fommt ein gnter ebanfe. 33iefleid)t fann id) bir bo(^ fyetfen* Somm mit!" 15 @o fyrad) er, flog tor bent grife I)er r nnb fit^rte i^n in ben SBalb. Unb er flog in baS i(Jic^t, bnrd^ Sornen nnb ebitf^e, nnb ba mar e ni^t lei^t, i^m gn folgen. 2lnd^ JL brannte bie @onne fo red^t I)ei^ tjom tmmel tjerg^ Snb* lid^ ttJitrbc e lid)t sttrifdjen ben S3anmen r nnb ein Staffer 20 glanjte im onnenf^ein. Bir finb jnr tefle," f^rat^ ber Sndnd, nnb fe^te fic^ eine Srle. 3Sor bent jnngen Snrft^en lag ber bnnfet gritne Seiner ; SBafferpflanjen nnb SBafferblnmen ftanben am Ufer, ober fd)tr)ammen mit groften Slattern anf ber ftilten 25 ,,9lnn gieb ad)t," f^rad^ ber flnge 3SogeI r ,,tt)enn bte @onne nntergefyt, nnb ber lanj be^ 9BafferfatI in fieben garben lenditet, bann fommt ber Stecf an^ bent SBeifyer, tt)o er ein i L> ^ 92 EASY HEADING. frt)ftattene d&fofe fjat, unb fit am Ufer. )atm furdjte bid) nicljt, fonbern fprid) if)n an. )a ilbrige ttrirb fid) finben. Qdj modjte gent bfeiben unb bid) bem SBaffermann fcorftellen, benn id) fenne ifyn redjt gut, aber leiber fyabe id) leine gtit unb ntufe gletd^ i^teber narf) aufe," beban!te fief) ber gri^ bei bem Sucfud, f ,9lcf) bitte, fo einer ^Heinigfeit," fagte ber Sucfucf, unb fort toar er, 311^ iiber bem SBafferfatf bie fieben garben leu^teten, fam 10 ber 9?ecf iDtrflid) aud ber 4r S:ie|e, gr Ijatte ein rote 9Jod(etn an unb einen toeipen ^ragen, Seine aare iDaren griin unb ^t**Xv*^-**^* !)ingen i^m nne erne! intrre Sftaljne auf bie @d)ultern nieber, Sr fe^te ftd^ auf einen tein, tie^ bie git^e in^ Staffer ^angen unb begann, fein aar mit ben jefjn gingern ju bKmmen. 5)a ging aber nidit leidit, benn in ben aaren V* ^ingen 3llgen unb Heine '(gfyntdentyanfa, unb ber 9lecf mat^te ein bofe efi(^t ju bem fdjtoeren SBert n&aS ift gerabe bie redjte 3ctt/' ba^te ber gr% @r trat fed au3 bem (Sr(engeblifd) ^eruor, naf)m ben ut ab unb 20 fprad) : f ,@uten 2lbenb, err 9?ecf !" II aber ber Sftecf bie (Stimme ^rte r fprang er toie ein gefc^redter grofc^ in$ Staffer unb t)erfc^tDanb. 53alb aber fam er ttrieber mit bem $opf e f)ert)or unb fprad) unfreunblic^ : M a^ trillft bu?" 25 ff Sttte, err 9?ecf," fing ber gri^ an, ,,itf) bin Sarbier, unb e^ toare mir eine grofte g^re, tpenn id) 3=^nen ba^ aar Icimmen bitrfte." ,,&l" fpra^ ber Wed erfreut unb ftieg au bem SBaffer. w Su fommft mir rec^t. 2ftir gel)t e^ gar fd)Iimm mit meinem DER FIEDELBOGEN DES NEC. gcmr, fcitbem bie gorelei, meine Slidjte, mid) fo fdjanblidj serlaffen tyat. 2Bct3 fyabe id) ntdjt atteS fiir bie unbanfbare ^erfon getljatu Unb eineS 3ftorgen3 ift fie fort, unb mein gofbener Samm ift aud) fort, unb jefct fifet fie, tote id) Ijore, aitf einem getfen im SRfjein unb t)at fid) in einen jungen 5 Differ in einem 3Mne tierliebt. Sa toirb ber gotbene au^ baib'W^ufdt fein." Jit biefen SBorten fe^te fidf) ber 9^e(J. !Der grife banb i^m em iDet^e^ 2iu$ urn ben al$ unb fdmmte ifym ba^ aar, ba^ e^ gtatt tourbe line'lSetbe; bann jog er ifjm einen 10 l, ber toar fo gerabe ttrie eine @i^nur unb ging tton ber @tirn bie auf ben ^acfen, na^nt ifjm ba Zndj ab unb t^ernetgte fi^, tme er e^ tjon feinem 2JMfter gelernt I)atte, !Der 5Red ftanb auf unb fpiegelte fid) im Staffer. & ftf)ien fet)r jufrieben ju fein. ,,SBa^ bin idf) fc^utbig ? u fragte 15 er bann. )a bad)te ber grifc, ba^ fein (u(f je^t lommen miiffe, unb er^ci^Ite bem anbte er fitf), um ju ge^en, toofyin, ba^ tDU^te er 20 felber ntc^t* a fa^ er $u feinen giiBen am SBeiljer ben giebelbogen be 9le(f liegen. (Sr I)ob i^n auf, unb ttrie er i^n in ber anb ^ielt, fiti)Ite er einen SRucf, ber ging Don ben ginger* fpi^en bi^ in bie gutter, unb er mu^te ben 33ogen foglei^ 25 t)erfud)en. ,,uter 3Jfonb, bu gel)ft fo ftitte" tuolltc er fpielen, aber bie S8ne tDaren fo fug unb fitberrein, tme er fie fritter nur einmal in feinem 8eben ge^brt f)atte, namli^ furj ate ber 3Jed fpiette. 5BogeI famen geflogen, fa|en in ben ^ttmQeu unb DER FIEDELBOGEN DES NECK. 95 ten, Me gifdje fyoben bie Sityfe au3 bem SBaffer, unb feits unb jenfeitS be SBeiljerS traten bie rirftf)e unb >afen au$ bem SBalbe unb fafyen ben pietmann mit Hugen Slugen an. )er $ri nmfcte nidjt, tote ifjm gefcf)a^ SBa^ i^m burd^ bie Seele jog, unb toa$ fern crg bemegte, ba$ fanb feinen 5 2Beg in bie anb unb Hang in ftijsett 3:onen, unb ber s JJe(! fam au^ bem SSBaffcr IjerDor unb nidte mit bem fio^f, bann t>erfd^tt)anb er unb liefc fiiij nidjt tDieber fe^en. Unb gri^ fdjritt ftebelnb au bem 2Mb f)inau unb jog bnrcf) alte 9?eid^e ber @rbe unb fptefte tior Sonigen unb Sat* 10 fern* a gelbe olb regnete in feinen ut, unb er toare ein fteinrei^er 3J?ann gett)orben r tDenn er lein ridjtiger Spiel* mann getrefen tuare. Sin riiijtiger pielmann aber tDirb fern reiser 3Kann, benn er jpiett ntd^t um be^ olbe^ ttriften* @einen cfjerbeutel I)atte er fyingegeben, barum lie^ er fid) 15 ba$ aar iDad^fen, inie fritter ber ftarle imfon. S)ie anbern pteHeute marten e i^m na^ r unb fie tragen feit jener ,3 e ^ Iangc, totrre^ aar, bi auf biefen Slag. 9Zeon feiner SRtefjte, 20 ber [d)5nen Sorefet. 96 EASY READING. 18. 3>er gutc gubtoig Utylanb (1787-1862). 3d) Ijatf einen ameraben, (ginen beffent finbft bu nit ; $)ie Xrommcl jrf)Iug jum @trcttc f gr gtng an metner @eite $n glei^em e^ritt unb rttt gtne ^uget lam geflogen ; @Uf mir ober gt(t e^ bit? g<^n ^at e^ toeggertffeti, gr Itegt mir Dor ben p^en, 10 911^ toftrt etn tttd Don mir. mir bie anb nodE) rei(J)en, )ertueit td^ eben lab'; ,tann bir bie anb nirf)t geben; 33teib' bn tm etu'gen 8eben, 15 3Jiein gnter Samcrab!" DIE SIEBENME1LENSTIEFEL. 97 \: /! :-- I Sluf fanbigentl ^fabe fd)dtt cm mitber ^ burd) ben 9Ba(b. @r Ijatte Me gcmbftrafce Derlaffett, toetl em Sauer il)tn emeu fitrjeren 2Beg gejetgt Ijatte. Stan toanberte er fdjon fett gtuet tunben bur^ bte Zannen, unb ber 2Ba(b tDotlte fein (Snbe nefjmen. 5 )te 3lbenbfonne Dergolbete bte fdjlcmfen tcimme, unb LAw* bte fSfpfel fu^r fitter SBtnb, )er anb be^ SBege^ tmmer ttefer, nnb bte Sntee be3 SBanbernben tmmer mitber, J)a fam burd^ ba^ ot^ etn ftctncr 3J?ann gefc^ritten, ber etnen ad auf ber gutter trng. 10 35er anbtt)erfburfd)e nat)tn ben ut ab unb fprad; : r; @ntf(f)ulbtgen te, lt)te tnett tft e$ nod) 6fe jur nct^ften tabt ? u r^acf) ber tabt totltft bu?^ [ragte ba^ SKanntem, ,,ba bift bu aber ganj auf bem unre^ten 5Bege te tabt Itegt 15 bort/' unb babet getgte er na^ red)t^. ,,SBenn bu iiber ben ,. , . /- . - .- . . . !Jarinen^uget gegangen btft r bann fommft bu an etnen SBafy, ben mujH bu burd)f diretten ; bann f olgft bu bem $fabe burd) bte SBtefe, bt bu jur 8anbftrae fommft, unb t)on ba ^aft bu no^ bret gute tunben bt# jur tabt." 20 ,,d)onen anf/' fprac^ ber mitbe ^8urfcf)e unb feufjte ttef auf, bann toottte er Better geljen, aber ber ^letne trat fcor i!)m in ben SBeg. ,,2Bte ^et^t bu, unb ma^ fur etn anbit)erf ^aft bu?" fragte er. ,,)aJ3 bu etn fttcMtnb bift, iuei^ td^ fd^on, benn fonft ^atteft bu mid) nidjt angefprot^en." ^ $&) ^ei^e (SrtSpm unb bin djufter." ,,(gin ^ufter bift bu!" rief ba^ -Sfttinnlein erfreut 98 EASY READING. ... ift ja gut, fomm mit mtr. Qd) unit btr Soft unb Strbeit geben, nritlft bu?" ,,ern," anttuortete ber 33urfcf)e, unb bann gingen fie ju* fammen in ben SBatb fjinein. 33alb lamen fie an etne 8icfc 5 tung, auf ber ein Heine3 aucf)en ftanb. 3)er blaue 9?aud) ^og langfam empor,^f*^ ,,@ie finb bafieim," fpra.d) ber fletne 9Kann. ,,ritt l)erein r greunb Sri^tn, unb fiirdjte bic^ nicf)t," ie 2l)ure toarb ge* offnet. 3ln einem SEifdje faen fe(^^ graubartige ,3tt)erge urn 16- etne bampfenbe @d)UffeI ^erum. (Sin fiebenter @tufyl aber ftanb leer. )ie 9J?dnnIein fprangen auf unb begriipten bie 9lnfommenben. .' I, /, finb metne 53ruber/' erflarte ber erfte ,3 iT)er 9 ; n< -' \ ^ bae @rj in ben Sergen, forfjen ba^ 15 fen bie (Sbeffteine, 9lber bei unferer Slrbeit in ben ergen n< - \ frfjme^en bae @rj in ben Sergen, forfjen ba^ atj unb kiben unfere djufye, unb fcfjon (ange fyaben toir un$ einen guten d)ufter geftmnfd)t 33(eib' ein paar/ Sage bei un$ unb ^ flicfe un^ bie djit^Iein, tf> foil bein (Sd^dben ni^t fein. ^e^t aber fomm unb i mit un$." 20 Da^ (ie^ ftdi ber fmngrtge SurfAe nid)t ^tDeimal faqen. (Sr : v iDarf fetnen Jornifter in bie (jcfe, jog eine 33anf an ben Xifc^ /unb fefete fid) ju ben fieben 3 ir)er 9 en S^if^/ 53^ot unb ^. anoere ^pet]en iDurben tl)m retd)itd) gegeben. Dann l)olten fie einen gropei^.' JSrug, unb barin U)ar ein 9Betn, mie ber 25 @d)ufter nod) leinen getrunfen fjatte. (S3 mar ein frbfjtidjer 3lbenb. grft itjollten bie 2}Janntein toiffcn, it)te e^ brau^en in ber SBeft au^fe^e, unb fatten gar fciete gragen. 5)ann erja^Iten fie Don einer onig$tod)ter, rteiB tc Sdjnee, rot toic 53Iut, unb fdjtoarj lt)ie DIE SIEBENMEILENSTIEFEL. 99 bte fcor langen ^aljren bet ifynen getoofynt fyatte. S)er (ter fannte bte efd)id)te fdjon, bemrfeme romntter fjatu fie tf)tn oft eqaljlt, abet er toottte bie Sftannlein nidjt beleibt* gen, unb fo fyorte er aufmerffam jn, bi an3 Snbe. )ann gingen fie atte ju Sette, unb bedor grtSpin fetn Slbenteuer itberbenfen lonnte, lt)ar er eingefdjlafen. ant anbern 2Korgen ertra^te, (aa in fetner hammer etn gcfriffcner @t^nt)e. 8eber,f$ed^ nnb gaben fanb er -aui^ ba, nnb aitf einem ifcf)lein ftanb ret(i)Ii(^e peife. 3)ie 3 it)er 9 e aber maren an^gegangen. UikJttfa I0 @r gtng an bie 3lrbeit nnb flidte nnb Ilo^fte bte @on* nennntergang. a lanten bie fieben SJJanntein snritcf, nnb e$ begann i^ieber ein fro!)Ii(J)e^ Seben. @o ging e^ fort eine 22Bocf)e fang. 3tm le^ten 9lbenb f^ante ber flet^ige Snrfrf)e anf eine tange SRettje fd^oner, fdjtDaqer @c^n^e. Slber er 15 toottte ben 3^ er 9f e ^ e ^ en befonbern efatten t!)nn, nnb ' M*N*ir** in ber Sftacfyt, tDd^renb fie fdjliefen, nix^te er einem jeben einen fyerjftfrmiaen ,8eberfleden anf bie |)ofen, jnm @d^n^ ge^ gen ba$ rantje eftetn, anf bem fie bei ber 2lrbeit fi^en mnftten. 20 3Ktt gerit^rten 53Iicfen faljen bie ^^^O am anbern 9Jcor* gen ba^ SBerl ber 8iebe. Sann ftetften fie bie $dpfe jnfant* nten, Sri^pin, ber djnfter, nal)m feinen Stornifter anf ben s Jtitcfen nnb fagte ^Sebemot)!," antenb brittften i^nt bte 3^)erge bie anb, aber ber eine, ben er jnerft int SBalbe ge* 25 troffen, nai)m einen @ad anf bie d^ntter, $< toitt bid) anf ben red)ten SBeg bringen/' fagte er. 9lfe fie an$ bem anfe traten, tag bidjter, graner 9lebel itber bem SBalbe. @ie gingen eine 2BeiIe f(^n)eigenb nebenein* 100 EASY HEADING. anber Ijer, bann I)ielt ber 3 lt)er 9 an > ffa ete fetnen ad nnb nafym ein ^aar a(te tiefel I^erang. ,,'DaS fott bein gofyn fein," fprad) er jn bem djnfter, ^Derarfjte ba3 efdjenf nidjt," fnljr crjort. afe er faf), tme ber Snrfcfye ben SJhmb fceqog. ,,)a$ finb bie tiefel nnfere 33ort)ater, be berit^mten )anmling3, Don bem bn fidjer fcfjon w !Die tiefel be^ Keinen <)anmling$," rief ber c^nfter er* frent, ,,bie iebenmeilenftiefel?" /h**J$ 10 f ,@o ift e/' ertDiberte ber 3^ er 9^ w^tmm fie f)in, nnb brandy fie 3n beinem Iit(f. o fprad) ber f 3 it)er 9' UTl ^ )er ben SBatb bebedenbe 9?ebel toar antf) ben; Sri^pin ftanb anf ber breiten 8anbftrae. 35ie onne 15 fdjien l)dl anf bie alten, am SBege fte^enben Slpfelbanme. f ,!Da^ foil ein 8eben toerben," Jnbelte er nnb fefete fid) anf einen teinfyanfen, nm bie SBnnberftiefet fogleid) an^njie^en* ,,9?nn gefye it^ jnerft in^ olbfanb nnb fiitte mir alte STaf^en mit olbfcmb, ba^ SBeitere ft)irb fit^ bann finben" 20 c^on fyatte er feine SBanberfdjn^e an^gejogen, ba liejs er ^B^tid) bie 3trme finfen nnb fa^ na^benftit^ fcor fid) nieber. r ,3Benn mir nnr einer fagen tooflte, in toetcfjer 9?id^tnng ba olblanb liegt!" @r fc^ante na^ red^t nnb nad) Ihife, aber nirgenb^ tuar ein SBegtoeifer jn fe^en, ber mit bem Strm nad) 25 bem otblanbe geigte. Sri^pin frat3te fid) Ijinter bem D^r, f ,en 9Beg iDei^ ic^ nnn leiber nid)t, nnb fo in bie SBelt i)inein jn lanfen, miirbe ntdjt ting fcin. SInftatt in^ olblanb, fonnte itf) an ben 9?orb* |jot ober jn ben 2Kenfdjenfreffern fommen, ^a, e toare redjt DIE SIEBENMEILENSTfF.FEL. 101 bitmm getoefen. )a$ 33efte toirb fern, toenn id) in ber nacljften @tabt cine $eit fang arbeite unb mid) anf meine grofte 3teife toorbereite." .Y<.-.-.~V, v - )a3 ttmr ' fcernttnftig gebadjt (r pacfte Me iebenmeiten* ftiefet anf ben Xornifter, fa^te feinen berben @tod fefter nnb 5 toanberte mnnter fcortoartS, nm balb jnr tabt jn fommen. & mar ein [onniger 3Jiorgen, 3lnf ben SBiefen, bnrd) toelc^e bie tra^e [ii^rte, mtifjten bie Sanern ba^ ra^ r nnb 2ftagbe mtt roten ^opftfiyern arbeiteten im en. ^.S 11611 )^ 9 e ^ e *fy in bie ^ei^en 8anber/' fprac^ ber c^nfter, f ,lDO bie fdjtoarjen 10 3JJof)ren gndmsfy [(^neiben nnb ber Saffee tDac^ft* Qn ein paar 9Bod)en ge^e ic^ nnter Batmen fpa^ieren nnb fc^tage mir ^ofo^nnffe mit bem @tode ab, nnb ftatt ber pa^en nnb ginlen mie ^ier, fi^en bort SIffen nnb ^Ja^ageien im 8anb. Sommt bann ein ?on?e ober ein 2iger, ber mid) freffen mitt 15 ein^ r jtuei, brei, fringe id) itber atte ^erge nnb ta^e ba^ ier an^> Slein, fo gtitdlid) mie id| i[t bocf) fein SKenfcf) anf ber SBelt 11 egen SRittag fam ber d^nfter in bie @tabt nnb fanb fo* fort SIrbeit, Son feinem erften oljne fanfte er in einem 20 33ncf)Iaben eine ^arte aranf toaren atte Siinber ber (Srbe, 2lnd) lanfte er ein alte^ r t)on einem gele^rten "profeffor ge* fd)riebene$ ^Bnd) r barin ta er fcon tt)nnber(icf)en Steifen ^n Saffer nnb jn 8anb, SiBenn bann am 3lbenb bie anbern e* fetten in ber @d^en!e tranfen nnb tanjten, fa (Sri^pin in 25 feiner hammer nnb ftnbierte toie ein ^5^i(ofop^. Sem 3J?eifter aber gefiel ber ftitte, flei^ige efette, nnb an einem Sonntag Stacfjmittag Inb er i^n 311 einem S^re. 211^ fie aber jnm 102' ,--./ ' ' ; ; .E^S'Y .READING. IjinanSgingen, toaren ba nicfjt jtoei, fonbern brei. )ie britte ^erfon toar aber granlein Slnna, be$ 3fteifter bilbf^one Zofy ter. Sim Slbenb beSfelben age fafc SriSpin nicfyt nber feiner Sanbfarte, fonbern er ging mft 9$ e tt Britten in feiner 5 hammer anf nnb ab, bi$ fein'fffitift^r Sfiitgefette bofe tonrbe unb anfing jn fcfyeften. a^fraJ) and) Sri^in in^ 33ett, aber er fonnte bie ganje Wafyt fein Singe ^nmai)en.^J^ 311$ er aber am nadjften onnabenb feinen 8o^n befommen l^atte, ging SriSpin ni^t in ben 8aben, toot^r ba6 alte $8n&) 10 gelanft fyatte, fonbern in einen gro^en ffanfMen, nnb am onntag^Dtorgen trng bie fi^dne 3J?eifter^totf)ter r afe fie ^nr ir^e ging, ein nene$, blanfeibene^ Sanb, aranf ftanb mit golbenen nrf)ftabett: ^( ,,9?ofett tiAtbellen, 2JJartnor gerbrtc^t, 15 S)odj treue ?tebe t?ermet!et tti(^t!" A . ' 'rf&* > n&ntyin," fprad^) fein -OKttgefetf, ein bot)after, mf^giinftiger Sftenfrf), ,,Sri^in, bn bift t)erliebt, in bie 2Jieifter$tO(i)ter bift V bn fceriiebt, aber e^-I)ifft bir a(fe3 nic^t^. er blonbe 8aben* ^ biener gerabf J |t^nn6er, ba$ ift ber Indli(i)e, ba bift bn ftfjon 20 t)ie( jn fpat a$ ^aft bn natiirli^ nicfjt bemerlt, bn gelef)rter ^Jrofcffor bit." ff @tf)n)eig I 11 ferric Sri^pin, ,,frf)tDeig, ober ify frf)(age bic^ gn ^Boben," ann ging er anf feine hammer. nQtty ift e 3 e ^ in bie tneite $Be(t jn ge^en/V fpracf) er nnb nal)m bie iebenmeiknftiefet an^ bem Stomtfter. ,,8ebe 25 IDO^I, bn liebe eimat, tebe toot)!, lieber err 3)?eifter, nnb bn fd)one galfcbe " fi . ' . ier fing er an gn frf)fud)3en, ba^ c$ jnm (Srbdfrmen tDar. 211$ er fi^ ett^a^ berut)igt ^atte, pacfte er feine @a^en in ben Xornifter, bie Sanbfarte aber fterfte er in bie Safc^e, DIE SIEBENMEILENSTIEFEL. 103 bcmn ftieg er Me reppe tjinunter, urn betn Sfteifter ju fagen. ,,SBenn ba3 gefcfyeljen tft," farad) er ju/ fid), ff fo gefye id) tor ba Stfyor, jiefye meine iebenmeUenfttefet an, unb am Slbenb lonn id) fcfyon im 8anbe ber bejopften Sfytnefen Opium 5 raudjen." 3lfe ber Slbenb gefomtnen war, fa er nid^t tm Sfjinefenlanb, fonbent am Stifd^, jimfdjen feincm SDietfter unb ber fc^onen 3Inna, unb nannte bte 9ftetfter3tod)ter feine Itebe Sraut; S)a bacfyte er natiirltc^ ntrf)t an bte grofte SBeltretfe. S)a 10 er nur efeft tuar r mu^te er crft fcin SKetfterftttd mat^en, unb bann fam bie ^oc^jett. ^ater famen au^ orgen tn^ S5te 3 a ^ ^ er ^^f e toud)3 twit jebem 5 a f) r r ^ub mu^te Don 3Jforgen bi^ 3lbenb fltcfen unb Uopfen, unb toenn er bann enb(idf) mtt ber 3lrbett fertig tuar, na^m 15 er bie Sanbt'arte - tor, ober^eine 3?etfebefcf)reibung. )ie @te- .' /'. /f * * -'"' benmeilenftiefePfjiftete er forgfattig. obatb ber altefte @of)n f)erangett)ad)fen toar, tooffte er ifym ba^ efd)dft itbergeben, unb bann enb(td) tDitrbe er bocf) bte V * k*--* ' /U ^ SBanberung antreten. Vebutb," ba^te Eriflpiri; ie Sinber 20 touc^fen ^eran, unb ber altefte o^n faf; ate Junger 3Jfeifter in ber engen tube* 5lber je^t mu^te'n bie Jod)ter tercet- ratet unb au$geftattet merben. 35ie gro^e SReife fonnte er ja au^ ftfjtp nodft autreten, , f @ebulb, Srfepin, ebu(b !" SBteber tef|titg v etne SReifye ton Qafytn. 3Weifter Sri^ptn 25 trug ein $appd)en ton fcfytoaqem ammet auf bem fasten cfjeitef, unb gran 3lnna fing an, ton ber guten, alten tit ju reben. 35ie Sinber toaren terforgt unb t)ieften bie @I* tern in @^ren. @ie fatten ein fonnige^ titbfein, unb bort [**? 104 EASY READING. fag ber 2ttte ben graven Ztii beS age im grofcen, toeidjen @tnl)t unb las in feinen -Sndjern. 3In einem onntagnadjmittag, ate bte genfterfcfyetben in ber @onne btinften, ftanb Srtepin Don feinent @ie anf unb 5 Ijolte bte iebenmeitenftiefeL (Sr l)atte einen 3)littag^fd^Iaf geljalten nnb fitl)tte fic^ fo leicfyt, tt)ie 5nr ^eit fetner frofjlt- c^en SBanberJa^re, oolite er enblirf) feine SBeltretfe antreten. Slber er e, ba^ e^ bie @einen ni^t gerne fatten, barum 10 er gan^ in ber @tit(e fortgef)en nnb tf)nen bie @atf)e f^ Ud^ mittetfen. Site er abenb^ ni^t wZi]tf) lam, fprad) grauSlnna: tirirb itber feinen Silvern eingefcf)Iafen fern/' nnb frfjtcfte jitngfte Gnfetfinb Ijtnauf, nm ben ro^Dater gn toetfen, 15 Itd^ ^orten bte guri^gebliebenen ctncn cfjretfen^mf, nnb ate fie beftitrgt in bie Stnbe be^ rogDatcrd eilten, fanben fie il)n tot im Setjnftu^I fifcetu 2lnf bent Zi\d) aber ftanb mit ^reibe gefd^rieben : ,,3^ [)abe bie grope SReife angetreten." PAET II. SYNTAX. German Equivalents for Grammatical Terms. The letter (of the alphabet), ber Sudj'ftabe. The vowel, ber SSoIal'. The consonant, ber Sonfottdttt'. The sentence, ber @di^ The subject, bd$ @ub{eft'. The predicate, bd$ ^rabifaf. The main clause, ber aupt'fafe* The subordinate clause, ber ^e'benfd^. The parts of speech, bte SRe'betette* The article, ber Slrti'fel, or bd3 efd)Iedjt$ f toort. The definite article, ber befttmm'te Slrtt'feL The indefinite article, ber utt'befttmmte Slrti'feL The noun, bd ub'ftantb, or bd$ aupt'tuort. First, second, third class, er'fte, gtpei'te, brtt'te The pronoun, ba$ ^rono'men, or ba$ gur'lport* The adjective, bd Stb'jectto, or bd (5t'genf(J)dft^tDort The numeral, bd^ ^umerd'Ie, or bd^ ^afyt'toort* The adverb, bd^ 3lbt)erb f r or bd Um'ftdnb^tDOrt, The verb, bd aSer'b(um), or bd^ ^e Strong, ftarf ; weak, f(f)U)dC^* The preposition, bte ^rdpofttton', or bd$ The conjunction, bte SottjimfttOtt', or bd 4Bin f bett)ort The interjection, bte ^ttterjettUrtt', or bd^ 2lu$' The gender, bd^ efdjled&t'. Masculine, mdnn f (t(^). Feminine, tDetb'Itc^* Neuter, fdrf)'(t(f) 105 106 SYNTAX. The number, bte 3 a ^'f orm - Singular, ber in'flufor, or bte ght'gal)!. Plural, ber ^tn'ral, or bte aftetyr'jaljl. The case, ber gall (pi. bte gitl'Ie). The nominative, bet SRo'mhiatfo. The genitive, ber e'ttitto. The dative, ber Sto'tfo. The accusative, ber SH'fufatto. The inflection, bte 33ie'gmtg. To decline, beflinte'ren. The declension, bte )e!tittatiott r . To conjugate, fonjngte'ren. The conjugation, )te Conjugation'. To compare, ftet'gent. The comparison, bte Somparatton', or bte tet'gerung. The positive, ber The comparative, ber The superlative, ber ( The tense, ba^ em'pu$, bte The present, ba ^5ra'|en^ The past, ba^ Qm'pcrfcft. The future, ba^ gutur' (ba er'ftc gutur f ). The perfect, ba The past perfect, ba The future perfect, ba$ JtDei'te gntur f . The mode, ber Wbn. The indicative, ber .Qftt'btfath). The subjunctive, ber The imperative, ber The infinitive, ber Qt The participle, NOTE. Properly the foreign terms should have the accent on the last syllable ; but in the language of the schoolroom the accent has been shifted from the meaningless ending to the distinctive part of the word. LESSON I. (PAGE 1 i-is.) PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF fjaben, to have, AND feht, to be. GENDER. Learn : grifd) begonnen, fyalb getoonnen. )eutfrf)e$ prtdjtoort (Fresh begun, half won.) Well begun is half done. German Proverb. 1. Conjugation of fyaben and fetn. PRESENT TENSE OF fettt (to be). id) bin, / am. felt bift, thou art. tv t fie, e$ ift, he, she, it is. ttrir ftttti, we are. fie l)aben f they have. fie ftnb f they are. 2. Gender (bd$ efdjtecfjt')- Like English, German has three genders: masculine (mcmn'It$), feminine (lt)etb'Itrf)), and neuter PRESENT TENSE (ba ^ Ijaben (to have). id) Ijabe, I have. bit tyaft, thou hast. e*, fie, e3 tyat, he, she, it has. ttrir tyaben, toe have. (a) The gender of a noun (ba$ |)attpt'tt)ort) does not neces- sarily depend upon natural sex, as in English, but utterly dis- regards meaning. Thus the German word for knife is neuter; for fork, feminine ; and for spoon, masculine. 107 108 SYNTAX. (6) The definite article (ber beftumn'te 2lrtt'fef, mas. bet, fern. Me, neut. bd$, the) is placed before the noun to indicate gender, and should be learned with every noun. It should be consid- ered a part of the noun and learned as its first syllable. The word is not 33ater, but ber 33ater ; not SJhttter, but bte 3Jhttter ; not 33ucf), but ba 3. German Questions. In German, as in English, a question is asked by inverting subject and predicate, or by using an interrogative adverb or pronoun. SSin id) ? Am 1 9 SBo btft bit? IVhere art thou? 3Ba3 I)at er? What has he? (a) The English repetition of the auxiliary in a question, as isn't he? don't you? won't they? can't I? etc., is given in Ger- man by the single phrase nicf)t tDdfyr (isn't it true?). He is the teacher, isn't he? &c tft ber 8el)rer, ntdjt We are the pupils, aren't we? 2Btr ftnb bte @df)itler, ntci)t 4. Vocabulary. ber Snt'ber, the brother. itf), I. twr f we. t, it. ber 2el)'rcr, the teacher. bit, thou. tyv, you. ber 3d)ii'(er f the pupil (compare er, he; it (when referring to a mas- scholar). culine noun not a person). ber 2?tt'ter r the father. fte^ she; they; it (when referring bte 9)htt'ter, the mother. to a feminine noun not a per- ba3 SJitd), the book. son). l)a'bctt f to have. . ttw3, interrog. pron., what? fcttt, to be. eitt f indefinite article, an. J0 r adv., yes. ettten (accusative singular mascu- nctn, adv., no. line of indefinite article eitt), a, an. Note that the same form, jte, stands for the singular she and the plural they. HABEN AND SEIN. 109 5. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. '].. 3Bci$ (wJiat) ift 2. 3ft er em (Staler? 3. 9Ba fyaben bie Sriiber? 4. bin id)? 5. SBaMaft ^? (6) 1. 3d) fjabe einen SSater. 2. )n fyaft einen 23ater, 3. @r (fie, e$) f)dt einen SJruber. 4. 2Bir ^aben einen Scorer. 5. ^^r {jabt einen Srnber, nid)t tna^r? 6. ^ci, fie Ijaben einen Setter. 7. ^{^ bin ein djitter. 8. @r ift ber Secret. 9. 9Bir finb cpter. 10. ^a, fie finb 33ritber. 11. 5Du bift ber Secret, ntc^t rna^r? 12. $a, fie ift bie SKutter* (c) 1. He is. 2. I am. 3. He has, hasn't he ? 4. We have. 5. It is. 6. You are. 7. They have. 8. You have. 9. She has. 10. Thou art. 11. We are, aren't we? 12. I have. 13. They are. 14. Thou hast. LESSON II. (PAGES 1 ie-2 9.) PAST INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF fyaben AND fein* NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE CASES. Learn : 2H(er SInfang ift fcfytoer. 3)entfd)e$ (Spricfjtoort, Every beginning is hard. German Proverb. 6. PAST (ba Sm'perfeft) TENSE OF PAST TENSE OF fettt* Ijttlicn. id) I)atte f 1 had. id) mar, 1 was. bit l)atteft f thou Jiadst. bu ttwrft, thou wast. er, fie, t l)atte, he, she, it had. er f fte f e$ tuar f he, she, it was. ttrir l)atten f we had. tint ttiaren, toe toere. il)r Jjattet, ?/o^ /iad il)r ttart f you were. fie Ijatten, i/ie?/ had. fie ttwrett f i/ie?/ toere. 110 SYNTAX. 7. Nominative and Accusative Cases. (a) The Nominative (ber Wtntnatto), as in English, is the case (ber gall or ber fia'fuS) (1) of the subject and (2) of the predicate after the verbs fettl, to be, and toerben, to become. )er 33ater toar gut, the father was good. @r tft ber Sefyrer, he is the teacher. (6) The Accusative (ber 2lf'fufatit)), like the English objective, is the case of the direct object. @te fyat ettten 33ruber, she has a brother. SBir fatten etnen Sefyrer, we had a teacher. (c) The forms of nominative and accusative are identical for all genders in the plural and for the feminine and neuter singular. They are different only in the masculine singular. 8. Table of Forms. Definite Article (bet beftimm'te 5frti'lel). MASCULINE (mamt'(icf)). FEMININE (ttmb'lid)). NEUTER (jad)'ttcf)). Singular. Norn. bct r the bte r the ba3 f the Ace. bcn f the bie r the ba3, the Plural. Norn. btc f the bie, the bie, the Ace. bic f the bie, the bie f the Indefinite Article (ber utt'befttmmte ^tti'fel). Singular. Nom. ettt, a cine f a eitt, a Ace. cineu f a eine f a eiit f a Note that the forms of the definite article for all genders in the plural and for the feminine singular are all the same. 9. A Predicate Adjective is not declined. )a$ 48urf) Wtb bie SRofe finb rot, the book and the rose are red. WEAK VERBS. Ill 10. Vocabulary. trie Ofa'fe, the rose. Hem, adj., little, small. Me Sdju'fe, the school. rot, adj., red. fcer >tul)f, fte cto'r. ntdjt, adv., not. gut, adj., a^r? (c) 1. They had the book. 2. The mother has the rose. 3. Thou hadst a brother. 4. The school was small, wasn't it? 5. You have the rose. 6. The teacher had the rose and the book. 7. She has the book. 8. I was. 9. She was. 10. They were. 11. We had a teacher, didn't we? 12. You were good. 13. They have the book. 14. We were small. 15. The rose was little and red. LESSON III. (PAGE 2 10-22.) WEAK VERBS. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF lobett, to praise. DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, ber, bie, bd3, the. Learn : uten 3ftorgetu uteri Jag. uten 3lbenb. ute 5Rad)t. Good morning. Good day. Good evening. Good night. 112 SYNTAX. 12. Present Tense of loben* id) lobe, I praise. ttitr lobett, we praise. bu lobft, Mow praisest. il)r (obt, yow praise. er, fie, e3 (obt, /ie, s/ie, if praises. fie (oben, /iez/ praise. 13. The Weak Verb (ba$ fd)toad)e ^eit'toort) has the following personal endings in the present and past tenses, except the third person singular of the past, which is the same as the first singular. SINGULAR (Me (Sin'gat)!). PLURAL (tie SDfceljr'galjl). 1st c eit 2d (c)ft (e)t 3d (c)t en (a) In the second person (bte Jtoette ^JSerfott') singular and plural and in the third (btttte) singular, e is sometimes pre- fixed to the ending for euphony ; that is, when the stem of the verb ends in the same letter as the ending, or in one of a similar sound : bit gritfteft, tlwu greetest ; er ftartet, lie waits. Naturally we cannot say bit gritftft or er ftartt So also for similar sounds: bit reijeft, tlwu provoJcest; er bdbet, he bathes. 14. Learn the present tense of fagen and (ernetu They are conjugated like foben. 15. The Definite Article. SINGULAR. PLURAL. Masc. Fern. Neut. All Genders. Norn, ber, the. bie f the. ba3, the. fcie f the. Gen. be$, of the. bcr f of the. fce3 f of the. bcr, ofthe< Dat. bcm f to the. ber r to the. bcm f to the. ben, to the. Ace. bcn f the. bic f the. ba^ f the. bic f the. Learn the declension of ber by cases and by genders; that is, across and up and down. DEFINITE ARTICLE. 113 16. Vocabulary. ba3 &va$ f the grass. lo'bett (weak), to praise. ber Som'mer, (the) summer. fa'gett (weak), to say. &er SSMtt'tcr, (Ae) winter. brawt, adj., brown. ler'ttett (weak), to Zearrc. (jriht, adj'., i 17. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. 1. 2Bat bd3 33ud) braun? 2. 3Ba$ Ijat ber cpter? 3. gernen Me Sritber gut (well)?- 4. 8obt ber ?e^rer ben SSater? o. 8ernft bit ba ut^? (6) 1. 3?cf) lobe ben filter. 2. n lobft ben Sefyrer. 3. gr tobt bte SRofe. 4. 9Btr loben ben 9Sater. 5. 3<^r'tobt ba$ Sud^* 6. @te lobenben ^ruber, ntcf)t iM^r? 7. S)er 3?ater tobt bte aflutter. (c) 1. The teacher praises the pupil. 2. The pupil praises the book. 3. He learns. 4. They say. 5. We praise the winter. 6. The mother praises the rose. 7. You praise the summer. 8. I learn. 9. She learns. 10. He says. 11. The pupil learns tKe book, doesn't he? 12. Thou prais- est the grass. 13. We learn a book. 14. I praise the school. 15. We say. LESSON IV. (PAGE 2 23-3 s). PAST INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF toben. DECLENSION OF INDEFI- NITE ARTICLE, etn, etne, etn, a. Learn : 9Bte gel)t e$ ? anj gut ; id) banfe. How goes it 9 (Familiar for How do you do f) Quite well. I thank (you). 114 SYNTAX. 18. Past Tense of loben. id) (obte, / praised. twr lobtett, we praised. bit lobteft, MOM dieted praise. iljr (obtet, ?/oi praised. er, fic f c3 lobte, 7*e, s/ie, Upraised. fie fobtett, ^ey praised. (a) All weak verbs form the past tense by adding te to the present stem. Note that the personal endings are the same as in the present tense, except in the third person singular. (See 13.) 19. The Indefinite Article. SINGULAR. Masc. Fern. Neut. Nora. Ctn f a. tint, a. ettt, a. Gen. ettteS, of a. etner, of a. tint r of a. Dat. cincm f to a. einer, to a. cittern, to a. Ace. eitteit, a. cine, a. eitt, a. The plural of course is wanting. Learn the declension of the indefinite article (ber im'beftimmte 5lrtt'!e() ein by cases and by genders. Conjugate the past of lenten and jagen like lobett. 20. Progressive and Emphatic Forms. For the English forms, he praises, he is praising, he does praise, German has only the form er lobt He ivas praising, he did praise, er fobte. So also in questions: Did he praise? Was he praising? 8obte er? 21. Use of ntdjt When ntdjt modifies the whole sentence it stands at or near the end; otherwise it comes just before the word or phrase it negatives : 9Bir lobett ben @djuler ntdjt We are not praising the pupil. )er 33ritber, tttdjt bet 23dter, lobt ben Scfjuler. The brother, not the father, praises the pupil. VERBS. 115 22. Vocabulary. fcer dtor'tett, the garden. alt, adj., old. ba3 Satyr, ^e year. fca3, pron. , Maj. ber ag, Ae day. fetyr, adv., very. bie 3eit, tfie time. timr adj., w/h'te. ttrie, interrog. adv., how? 23. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. 1. Sobten bie djitfer ben 8et)rer titdjt? 2. 3Ba3 lernten bie Sruber? 3. SBar ba3 ra^ tm (Somtner ntc^t grim? 4. Qft ber arten braun tm SBtnter ? 5. 3Ba3 [agteft bu ? (6) 1. )er S3ruber lobte ben arten, 2. Sir lobten ben Sag, ntdjt it)a^r ? 3. 3Bie [ernte er ba 53u^ ? 4. SBie alt tt)ar er ? 5. @r tear fel)r alt, 6. 8ob|e er einen @djii(er ? 7. 3=a r ber 8el)rer fobte einen Sourer, ^ @ie fagten ba^ nit^t (c) 1. You praise the book. 2. Hte learns. 3. She praised the garden. 4. We had a chair. >S. They said. 6. It is very brown. 7. The teacher praise(k a pupil. 8. We were very old. 9. He had a rose. 10. The father praised the day. 11. You learned a book, didn't ybu? (Hi We did not say that. 13. How did you say that? 14. Did he praise the pupil ? 15. How old were they ? LESSON V. (PAGE 3 9-is.) STRONG VERBS. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF fefjen, to see. REVIEW. Learn: )a Serf fobt ben 2ftetfter. )entfd)e3 pric The work praises the master. German Proverb. 116 SYNTAX. 24. Present Tense of feljen. id) felje, I see. ttrir feljen, we see. bu fteljft, thou seest. ityr fel)t, you see. er, fie, e3 fieljt, to, *to, ft sees. ftc feijen, they see. 25. Classification of Verbs. Verbs are generally called strong (ftarl), when the stem vowel changes in the past; weak (fd)tt)acf)), when it remains the same: (weak) tobett, lobte ; (strong) feljen, faf). (a) Strong verbs sometimes change the stem vowel of the second and third persons singular in the present indicative, as in fefyett, fprerf)en (bit fiefyft, er fiefyt ; bu fpridjft, er fprtdjt) ; weak verbs keep the stein vowel the same. (A complete list of strong verbs and these stem changes will be found on pages 327 to 333). 26. The Principal Parts (Me cmpt'formen) of a German verb are, as in English, the present infinitive, past, and past parti- ciple : fern, toar, getoefen ; fyaben, fyatte, gefjabt ; toben, lobte, getobt; feljen, fal)^ge[el)en. (a) In the present indicative the personal endings ar,e the same for strong and weak verbs. In the past, the endings differ from the present only in the first and third persons singular (see next lesson). The weak past participle always ends in (e)t, the strong in en. All verbs take the prefix ge in the past participle, except inseparables (Lesson XLI.) and verbs ending in ieren. 27. Conjugate the present tense of the strong verbs geljett and tyred) en, noting that gefyett does not change the stem vowel, while tyredjen changes it to i in the second and third singular. STRONG VERBS. 117 28. Vocabulary. tw3 attb, the country, land. Ic'fen (bit (left for lief eft, er tteft), bie Stafct, the city. la f gefc'fen, to read. ge'Ijen, fling, gegan'gen, ftre'djett (foridjfi, foridjt), fararf), gefpro'djen, to 29. Exercises. (a) 1. Questions about the story. 1. 2Ba Heft bet 8el)ter? 2. @prtd)t ber cpter ntdjt gut (well) ? 3. e()t er nad) (#o) Seutf^tanb (Germany)? 4. @tef)ft bu cine SRofe ? 5. 3 ft bie @tabt ntt^t alt ? (6) 1. r ftc^t ben Setter, ntdfjt tua^r ? 2. 3Btr fefjen emeu arten. 3. gteft bu ba3 SSndj? 4. ie fe^eu bie 9?ofe. 5. ^c^ fel)e ben tu^t ntd^t. 6. @el)t i^r etnen pilfer ? (c) 1. The teacher sees the pupil. 2. We see a garden. 3. They see a city. 4. They praised the city. 5. I speak. 6. Yes, the teacher speaks. 7. She praised the country, didn't she? 8. They go. 9. He goes. 10. You speak. 11. No, thou dost not read the book. 12. We speak and she goes. 13. She sees a rose and she does not go. 14. How do we see the garden ? 15. Does he see the chair ? LESSON VI. (PAGE 3 19-4 3.) PAST INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF fefyen, NOUNS OF THE FIRST CLASS. MASCULINE ; ber Stuber* POSSESSIVE GENITIVE. Learn : ift ba ? Si) &erftel)e e nidjt What is that ? I don't understand it 118 SYNTAX. 30. Past Tense of fefyett. id) fal), I saw. ttur faljett, we saw. bit fal)ft, thou sawest. ttyr fal)t, you saw. er, fic r eS fatj, he, she, it saw. fie faJjett, they saw. (a) The personal endings for the past of strong verbs are the same as in the present, except that the first and third persons singular have no personal ending. 31. From the list on pages 327 to 333 learn the principal parts of the strong verbs: fein, gefyen, tyrecfyen, fcfjreiben, fommen, tterftefyetu Conju- gate each in the present and past. 32. Classes of Nouns. Nouns are divided into five classes according to the way the plural is formed. The first class contains those which do not change in the plural, except some- times to take umlaut. (a) Umlaut means changed sound and is indicated by two dots over the vowel. 21, o, and u are the only vowels that can take umlaut. See p. xiii. 33. Declension of a Masculine Noun of the First Class. SINGULAR. Nom. ber SBrttber, the brother eitt SBntber, a brother. (subject) . Gen. be SBrttberS, the brother's. ettte3 $rttber3, a brother's. Dat. bent SBrttber, (to or /or) the cittern S3rttber f (to or for) a brother brother. Ace. ben SBruber, the brother etttett 25rttber f a brother. (direct object). PLURAL. Nom. bte S3ritber f the brothers (subject). Gen. ber Sritber, the brothers'. Bat. ben Sritbertt, (to or for) the brothers. Ace. bte SBriiber, the brothers (direct object). NOUNS OF THE FIEST CLASS. 119 Like ber ^Bruber decline ber @cpfer, tin 8ef)rer, ber 3Sater (bie SSfitcr), ein 2Btnter, ber arten (bie arten), ber ontmer. 34. The Possessive Genitive. The German genitive (ber e'nitit)) like the English possessive, is used to denote posses- sion : bdS $8ni) be 33ntber$, the brother's book. (a) )e3 33ntber$ $8nd) is not common in German, nor is the book of the brother in English. Avoid both these expressions. (6) The genitive singular masculine and neuter of all nouns except Class V. (Lesson XXI.) ends in (e)$, and the dative plural of all genders always ends in (e)n. 35. Vocabulary. SBerfitt', neut., Berlin. fd)ret'ben, frfjrteb, gefdjrie'&en, to bet Sku'&er; pi. bie SBriiber, the write. brother. fttifcte'ren, ftufcterte, ftubtert (weak), ^dttfdj'ftutt), neut., Germany. to study. ba (i%, the ice. berfte'Ijett, Ucrftanb' f ticrftatt'bcn, lom / men f lam f gclom'mcn r to come. to understand. too, where, not used to denote direc- itt (prep..), fw, into. tion. 36. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. 1. @al) ber @d)itfer ben 8el)rer ni^t? 2. 3Ba fpra^ ber 3?ater be^ @^Mcr? 3. Sofjht (whither) gtng er? 4. SBo ftubterte er? 5. 3Serftanbe[t bu ben 8e^rer ni(f)t ? (6) 1. 3d) tcrftanb e^ ni(^t. 2. 3=a, fie fa^ ba$ 3. n fd)rie6ft ein $ud), ntdjt tt)af)r? 4. er geljrer ba^ Su^. 5. )ie Sruber ftubierten in Berlin. 6. 9Bir t)er= ftanben ba $ud) be^ SSater^ ntc^t. 120 SYNTAX. (c) 1. I saw the ice. 2. Yes, they went. 3. We came. 4. I wrote the book. 5. He understood the teacher. 6. The teachers spoke. 7. He praises the city. 8. It was the father, wasn't it? 9. He saw the gardens. 10. She came. 11. Where is Berlin ? 12. It is in Germany. 13. We studied the teacher's book. 14. I saw the pupils 7 brothers. 15. The teacher's book is very old. LESSON VII. (PAGE 4 4-ie. ) PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF fterben, to become. NOUNS OF THE FIRST CLASS. FEMININE ; bie Jodjter. INDIRECT OBJECT. Leam : f d)retbft bit ba ? )a$ geljt ntdjt. What are you writing there ? That won't do. 37. Present Tense of tDerben. id) foerbe, / become. . ttrir tterbett, we become. bit ttrirft, thou becomest. tljr tt>erbet f you become. tt f fie, e3 tiriri> f he, she, it becomes. fie toerben, they become. 38. Declension of a Feminine Noun of the First Class. SINGULAR. Norn, bie od)ter, the daughter eine Xorfjter, a daughter. (subject). Gen. ber Xod)ter f the daughter's. einer od)ter f a daughter's. Dat. ber od)ter, (to or for) the eitter Xodjter, (to or /or) a daugh- daughter. ter. Ace. bie 0d)ter, the daughter eitte od)ter, a daughter. (object). NOUNS OF THE FIEST CLASS. 121 PLURAL. Nom. btc Bd)ter, the daughters (subject). Gen. bet Xodjter, the daughters' 1 . Dat. ben Xtidjtent, (to or /or) Me daughters. Ace. bte 0d)tcr, i/ie daughters (object). Feminine nouns keep the same form throughout the singular. Note that bte od)ter forms the plural merely by taking umlaut ; hence it is of the first class. Like bie Softer decline tie Gutter, the only other feminine of the first class. 39. The Indirect Object. The dative is used to denote the indirect object. If both objects are nouns, the dative generally precedes as in English, ie gab bem Secret ein -Slid), she gave the teacher a book. Qfy gab ber odjter cine 9Jofe, / gave the daughter a rose, or / gave a rose to the daughter. 40. Vocabulary. ba3 utb, the child. ba3 2ort, the word. bev Sftautt, the man, husband. fttt'&en, fanfc, rjefun'ben f to find. bic Xot^'ter f pi. bie od)ter, the ge'ben (gtbft, gibt), gab, gege'ben, daughter. to give. ttwvw, adj., warm. 41. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. 1. 2Bo fattb er ba^ U(^ ? 2. ab er bem ritber ein Sud)? 3. 9Ba^ Ia ber @d)UIer? 4. SBa^ bcrftanb er tud)t ? 5. 8a er ba^ 9Bort nid^t gut (^oe^^)? (b) 1. )u tDtrft rot, 2. )er omtner tDtrb trarm, ntcfyt tDa^r? 3. a^ Sinb ttrirb marm, 4. 9Btr iperben alt, 5. 3Me @(^uler be 8eljrer8 t^erben gut, 6. u gtbft bem filler etnen @tu^L 7. $tf) gab ber Jotter em SBui). (c) 1. I am becoming old. 2. It is getting to be (is becoming) winter. 3. He is coming. 4. We did learn. 5. The child 122 SYNTAX. is getting (becoming) very warm. 6. They did see the teach- er's garden. 7. They were reading the book, weren't they ? 8. He is giving the mother a rose. 9. He finds the book. 10. They found the child. 11. The pupil did not say the word. 12. He gave the man a chair. 13. The city is not becoming small. 14. Where is the pupil's book ? 15. Is the teacher's book getting (becoming) old ? LESSON VIII. (PAGES 4 17-5 2.) PAST INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF toerben. NOUNS OF THE FIRST CLASS. NEUTER; bd$ SSftabcfjetl. TERMS OF ADDRESS. Learn : 393a bebeutet btefer @a^ ? Qd) tDetft ntdjt. What does this sentence mean ? I don't know. 42. Past Tense of toerbett. id) ttwrbe (or toarb), I became. ttur ttwrbett, we became. bu ttwrbeft (or itmrbft), thou be- iljr twtrbet, you became. earnest. er, fic r e3 uwrbe (or marb), he, she, fie ttwrben, they became. it became. The forms toarb, toarbft, ftarb are used now only in poetry. 43. Declension of a Neuter Noun of the First Class. SINGULAR. Norn. btiS 2ttabd)ett r the girl (sub- cttt 9ttabrf)ett f a girl. ject). Gen. be 9Rabd)en, the girl's. etne TObd)ett3 f a girl's. Dat. bcm Sftabdjen, (to or for) the cittern Sftabdjett, (to or for) a girl. girl. Ace. bag 9ftabctyett, the girl (ob- cin TObtyett, a girl. ject). NOUNS OF THE FIKST CLASS. 123 PLURAL. Nom. Me 9ftj$d)en, the girls (subject). Gen. bet TObdjett, the girls\ Dat. ben Sftabdjeit, (to or /or) Me girls. Ace. Me -TObdjett, Me girls (object). 44. Terms of Address. In formal or polite address German uses the third person plural. The pronoun is always written with a capital. Have you the book ? (To the teacher) @aben @tc ba 33ucl)? (To a fellow pupil) @aft bn ba 33ud)? (To several pupils) @abt tfyr ba$ 33udj ? J)U is used with intimates, relatives, young children, and animals. .^fyr is the regular plural of bit* @ie is the common form of address to-dajf in Germany for both singular and plural, except when bit is required. NOTE. In translating you, think carefully whether you are address- ing intimate friends or not. When in doubt use @ie. 45. Vocabulary. Me 9htfgabe f the exercise. fra'oett (weak), to ask. bag 9ttctod)eit f pi. Me $labrf)ett, the ^ei'fjett (Ijetfit, for ^etfieft, ijetjst), girl. ^ie^ f getyei'ffett, to be called, be bet @a^ r ^e sentence. named. SBie l)eigett @te ? TF7ia fang, adj., Zow/. is yowr name ? bie ei'te f ^e page. 46. Exercises. (a) Questions about the story. 1. 3Ba$ frag ten @te ? 2. ab bet Secret bem @^uler etne Slufgabe? 3. (Sprac^ ber 3Sater be$ (Sc^uter^ gut (weZZ) ? 4. ing ber britte (er afc toar fang* 2. )er @a tourbe eine Sluf- gabe. 3. SBurbc ber djttter rot? 4. erbe (oben, I shall praise. FUTURE OF WEAK VERBS. 125 FUTURE TENSE OF fobetU FUTURE TENSE OF id) luerbe Men, I shall praise. id) toerbe fcl)Ctt r I shall see. fott twrft fobett, thou wilt praise. bit tturft fdjen, thou wilt see. cr, fie, e3 tirirb fofceit, fte, she, it er, fie, e ttrirb fetyett, fte, sfte, # will praise. will see. ttitr toerbett (oben, we sftaZZ praise. Uitr luerben fc^cn f roe s/ia?Z see. il)r luerbct (oben f ?/ow will praise. tljr ttierbet fc^en f you will see. fte njcrben lofceit, ^ey ^i^ praise. fie toerfcen fc^en f ^ey t he will become., 10. We see, you praised, they will under- stand. 11. Thou earnest and I went. 12. He speaks and they understand. 13. You will study and we shall learn. 14. He came and saw and went. 15. Thou didst study ; thou wilt learn. 16. Go, study and learn. 17. Come, read and speak. LESSON XI. (PAGE 6 1-26.) PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE. NOUNS OF THE SECOND CLASS ?ernen Ste : $dj fjabe ie nt^t geljBrt. 8efen @te nodj etnmaf. I did not hear you. Read once more. NOUNS OF THE SECOND CLASS. 129 57. Formation of the Present Perfect Tense. The present perfect tense is formed, as in English, by prefixing the present tense of fjaben (to have) to the past participle. PERFECT TENSE (ba $erfe!t') OF lobeit, id) tyabe gefobt, / (have) praised. tori* Ijatieit getobt, we (have) praised. Jw fyafit getobt, thou (hast) praised, tljr Ijabt gelobt, yow (have) praised. cr, fie, e3 tyat gefobt, Ae, s/ie, ft fie Ijafcen gelobt, z/i^ (/towe) praised. (has) praised. In like manner conjugate id) fyabe gefe^ett, td^ Ijabe geljabt, it!) Ijabe gefpro(^en f tcf) ^abe ftubiert, ic^ ^abe fcerftanben, tc^ ^abe gefunben. 58. Use of fein as Auxiliary. Some verbs take [em as the auxiliary for the perfect. They are (1) intransitives that indi- cate motion (like gefyen, foTtttnett, etc.) or change of condition (like fterbett, to die, toerben, etc.), (2) fein and bletben, to re- main, and (3) the impersonals gefdjeljen, happen, and gettngett, succeed. PERFECT TENSE (bd s $erfe!t') OF id) bin gegangen, Ihavegone,Iwent. ttitr futfc getjangcn, we have gone. iw bift gcgangcn, tfiou hast gone. tyv feib gcgangcn f you have gone. cr f fie f c ift gegattgen, he, she, it fie fiufc gegangen, they have gone. has gone. In like manner conjugate id) bin gefommett, id) bin getoefen, id) bin getuorben. (a) The past participle, like the infinitive, stands at the end of the sentence. $fy fyabe ba$ $8nd) nit^t gefunben, / have not found the book. 59. Use of Tenses. To report a single finished act, espe- cially in conversation, the German uses the perfect where the English has the past. I just came, id) bin eben gefontnten Did you find the girl ? ^rnben @ie bd$ SRabcfyen gefttnben? 130 SYNTAX. (a) The German past is the English past progressive, and is used in continued narration. We were studying when he came, SBtr ftubterten, al3 er fam. (U) The present with fdjott (already) is used in German for the English perfect denoting what has been and still is. tttb fctjon Icmge fyier ? .Z/ave ?/cm 60. Nouns of the Second Class add e to form the plural. The masculines often take umlaut, the feminines always, the neuters never. Plurals that take umlaut must be learned from the vocabularies. Declension of the Second Class of Nouns. MASCULINE. Singular. ^ Plural. ber ttttb, the dog. bie ^ttttbe, the dogs. be3 ^Mtti>e3, the dog's. ber $wtbe f the dogs\ bcm ^>uttb(e) f (to or /or) the dog. ben ^unbelt, (to or for) the dogs. ben wtb, the dog. bie mtbe, the dogs. FEMININE. bie Suitf, the bench. bte S3anfe, the benches. ber SBattf, o/ the bench. bet SBanfc, o/ the benches. bcr JsBanf f (^o or for) the bench. ben 23anfen f (to or /or) zfte benches. bie SSanf, ^e oenc^. bie $an!e f the benches. NEUTER. ba $ferb f the horse. bie ^ferbe f the horses. be$ ^ferbe f ^e horse's. ber ^ferbe, ^e Worses'. bem^ferb(e) f (to or for) the horse, ben 9$ferbett, (to or /or) /ie horses. bag 9$ferb f /ie ^orse. bie ^ferbe, the horses. In like manner decline ber @tu!jl (bie tfl^Ie), ba 3a^r (bie 3al)re), ber Xag (Me Xage), bie @tabt (bie table), ber @afc (bie <^a^e), etn nnb, eine 53anf, em $ferb. NOUNS OF THE SECOND CLASS. 131 61. Vocabulary. Me $anf, pi. Me $att!e, the bench. ber 28o(f, pi. Me SSiilfe, the wolf. ber $fafe pi. Me gflftffe, /ie nwer. tyo'rett (weak), to hear. ber ^ttttb, pi. Me ^unbe, the dog. trin'fett, trattf r getrwtfen, to drink. ba3 Samm, the lamb. bur'ftig, adj., thirsty. ba^ $ferb, pi. bie $|$ferbe, the JjwtQ'rig, adj., hungry, horse. 62. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Bof)tn tft ba 8amm gegangen? 2. 2Ba$ Ijat ber SBoIf bem Samme gefagt? 3. 3ft ber SBoIf nid^t ^ungrtg getoefen? 4. @at ba^ 8amm etnen ^Bruber ge^abt? 5. @at ber @rf)u(er bie 3lufga6e gut (well) gefdjrieben? (6) !.. 3^ f)abe ba^ U(^ ge(e[en. 2. @r ^at ben Wlann gefe^en, ni^t tua^r? 3. J)a^ ^ferb tft fefyr ^ungrtg getDefen, 4. gin unb ift burftig gemorben* 5. SBofym finb bie SBoffe gegangen ? 6. 9Bir ^aben eine SRof e gefnnben. 7. 2Ba^ ^aft bn getrnnlen? 8. aben @ie einen -9BoIf ge^5rt? 9. 3Btr finb gelommen nnb f)aben etiten SBoIf gefeljen* 10. te glitffe tDaren nitf)t fe^r tang* (c) 1. We have seen the garden. 2. The wolf has heard the lamb. 3. The wolf saw the teacher's dog. 4. Have you (write three ways) found the pupiPs book? 5. The horses were very thirsty. 6. I have heard a wolf. T. She has come. 8. You have read the page, haven't you? 9. You (write three ivays) did not get (toerben) hungry. 10. He gave the lamb to the wolf. 11. The dog and the wolf were getting hungry. 12. Why did the lamb drink ? 13. The man gave the chairs and the benches to the pupils. 14. What has the father heard ? 15. Where (toof)in) has the dog gone ? 132 SYNTAX. LESSON XII. (PAGES 6 27-7 20.) PAST PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE. NOUNS OF THE THIRD CLASS. genten @ie : Gffnen @ie Me gefebiidjer unb lefen @te auf cite fedj$. Open the readers and read on page six. 63. Formation of the Past Perfect Tense. The past perfect (ba$ ^tu$'quamperfeft) is formed as in English : fyatte or tear is the auxiliary used. See Lesson XI., 58. CONJUGATION OF THE PAST PER- CONJUGATION OF THE PAST PER- FECT TENSE WITH Ijatte. FECT TENSE WITH ttwr. id) Ijatte gdobt, I had praised. id) ttwr gcgangen, I had gone. tw Ijatteft gelobt, thou hadst praised, bit ttwrft gegangett, thou hadst gone. er, fte f t ^attc gclobt, he, she, it cr f fic f e ttwr gegangen, he, she, it had praised. had gone. ttrir tjatten gclobt, we had praised. toir ttiarett gcgangen, we had gone. ilj* l)attet ge(obt f you had praised. tljr mart gegangett, you had gone. fit fatten gclobt, they had praised. fie ttwrett gegaitgett f they had gone. In like manner conjugate id) ^atte gefe^en, id) tt)ar gelDejen, tcf) fyatte ge^obt, id^ tuar ge!ommen f id) fyatte gej^rodjen, td^ tt)ar getoorben, i(^ l)atte ftubtert, id^ tyatte Derftanben, id^ I)atte gefunben. 64. Nouns of the Third Class add er to form the plural and take umlaut whenever possible ; that is, when the stem vowel is a, 0, U, or ait. This class contains only masculines and neuters. NOUNS OF THE THIED CLASS. 133 Declension of the Third Class of Nouns. MASCULINE. NEUTER. Singular. Singular. ber $ftamt, the man. ba3 23ud), the book. be3 3ftatttte3, the man's. be3 23ttd)e3, the book's. bcm battue, (to or /or) the man. bem 23ud)e, (to or /or) ^e 6oo&. ben ^amt, zfte maw. ba3 SBttd), Me &oo&. Plural. Plural. bte SRftmter, Me mew. bte SSitdjer, Me oooA:5. bet banner, the men's. ber S3it(^cr f o/^e books. ben Sftattttem, (^o or /or) the men. ben s Md)ern f (to or /or) zfte oooA:s. bic 9)Mttttcr f the men. bie In like manner decline ba Mnb (bie ^tnber), ba^ atnm (bie Hammer), bag ^anb (bie anber). 65. Vocabulary. ba $aar r pi. btc $aarc f ^/ie hair, fttt'gett, fang f gefungen f to sing. (German uses either sing, or pi.) bmnm, adj., stupid. btc anb, pi. bie ^panbe f the hand. }ung f adj., young. ba3 Se'f ebuc^ f pi. bie Se'f ebudjer, the f lug f adj. , bright, clever. reader. im'mer r adv., always. ttta'djeu (weak), to make. 66. Exercises. (a) 1. gatte bet Secret em ud(i gel)abt? 2. 2Bo ^atte er ba^ 53u^? 3. atte 2Btt^eIm bie 2lufgabe gut (well) geternt? 4. 38ar er ntd^t bumm genoorben? 5. 3Ba$ ^atte er bem gefyrer gefagt? (6) 1. @te l)atte nit^t gefungen. 2. Qtf) Ijatte bie anb be^ 30?anne^ gefefyen. 3. u ^aft ba^ 8amm gefunben, ni^t tua^r? 4. 23ir fatten bie ^Bitc^er nic^t ftubtert. 5. SBaren bie dnbe 134 SYNTAX. rot getoorben ? 6. gr ift ntd)t hnmer butnm getoefen, 7. )er Secret fyatte em Sefeburf) gefcfyriebetu 8. SBofytn toaren @ie gegangen? (c) 1. She had found the reader. 2. You had made a garden, hadn't you ? 3. The girl's hands had become very red. 4. Did the lamb sing? 5. They were studying the books. 6. You will see the river. 7. The pupil's hair was getting long. 8. They have read the reader, haven't they ? 9. The man's children had been stupid. 10. We shall not always be young. 11. Were you (write three ways) writing the girl's exercise ? 12. Why did he give the men the books ? 13. The teacher's pupils are always bright. 14. Was the child stupid ? 15. It had become very clever. LESSON XIII. (PAGES 7 21-8 24.) GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUNS. REVIEW. Semen @ie : (3 ift ntcfjt a(Ie$ olb, toa$ gtatijt )eutfd)e prtdjtoort All that glitters is not gold. 67. Number. In German, as in English, there are two numbers : Singular and Plural. 68. Gender. There are three genders : Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter. The gender of a noun is indicated by the article of the nominative singular : bet 2ftamt, Me grcm, baS. CUt3. Gender does not necessarily depend upon natural sex, as in English, but is rather a grammatical distinction. In order to fix the gender in mind, the student should learn the article GENDER OF NOUNS. 135 with every noun. The article should be considered a part of the noun. The word is not 3J?db(i)en, but bd$ SKcibdjett ; not SJtotut, but ber 69. Rules of Gender. There are no very helpful rules of gender. Below are given those which have fewest exceptions. These rules fall into two classes : those that determine the gender by meaning and those that determine it by ending. (a) Nouns that determine the gender by their meaning : 1. Names of males, days, and months are masculine. ber SJlamt, the man. ber (Sowt'tag, Sunday. ber $fai, May. 2. Names of females and abstract terms are mostly feminine. bte $Vft\t, the woman. bie greube, joy. bte Siebe, love. Exception : Jw3 SBetb, the woman. (See also &, 3.) 3. Names of cities or countries and words not nouns but used as such are usually neuter. ba3 fdjoite 23erfht', beautiful Berlin. fca3 treue $etttfd)'iaub, loyal Germany . ba Seben, life ((ebeu, to live), fca3 ute, the good. Nouns that determine the gender by their ending : 1. Nouns ending in *\ r ^tg, or 4tng are usually mas- culine. ber $e'Jrirf) f the carpet. ber &ft'ftQ,'fte cage. ber Siintj'Htttj, the young man. 136 SYNTAX. 2. Nouns ending in *et, ^ett, -feit, 4n, ^fdjdft, or are usually feminine. bie Sreutt'bitt, the friend (lady) . bie ^>0ff'mwg, hope. bie gfreunb'fdjaft, friendship. bie rei'I)eit, freedom. 3. Nouns ending in the diminutive suffixes, 'djen or *Ieitl, are neuter. bn3 Sftabdjett, the girl. ba3 gfraufeitt, ^e young lady. ba3 ^iinbieitt, Me little dog. ba3 ^fcrbt^en, ^e little horse. 70. Vocabulary. bet Sricf, pi. bie $riefe, ^e letter. ba3 ^Jo(b (no pi. ), gold. ba3 X^ier f pi. bie Xljiere, the animal (written also ier in the revised spelling) . fdjie'ffen, ft^o^ f gef^offen f to shoot. fter'bett (ftirbft, ftirbt), ftarb, geftorben (fein), to die. bti'fe f adj., bad, wicked, angry. fc adj., big, large. 71. Exercises. (a) 1. S8a$ tft ber Scpter getDorben? 2. atte er bie l)tere gefc^offen unb ba$ olb gefunben? 3. 3=ft er bofe getnefen? 4. at er bem 3Sater einen ^8rtef gefcfyrteben? 5. SBer (who) ^at ben 33rief gelefen? 6. SBa^ f)at ber Srtef gefagt? (&) 1. aben @te bie urf)er be rf)UIer^ ? 2. attet t^r bie Srtefe be^ SSater^ ? 3. SBir tDerben bie f)tere fef)en. 4. @r l)atte bem Sruber ba^ olb gegeben. 5. SBtrft bu ba^ J^ter fd)teen? 6. gr mar b5fe gemorben, tttcfyt ma^r? 7. @ie finb GEN DEE OF NOUNS. 137 ntt^t geftorben (translate two ways). 8. omnten @ie unb ftf)teen @ie ben SBolf. 9. )te SSruber fatten etnen SBotf ge* ftfjoffen. 10. )ie f)tere ftnb ntdjt geftorben; fie finb fefyr grog getoorben. 11. Qfy f)abe bie Slider gelefen ; td) toerbe fefet (now) einen 33rtef f^retben. 12. )er SSater be3 3ftabrf)en$ ift fefyr bbfe getoorben ; feme (his) mnbe finb geftorben* (c) 1. They will write the exercise. 2. I wrote the man (ind. obj.) a letter. 3. She had read the letter. 4. We have praised the pupils' exercise. 5. He will not shoot the wolf. 6. The man's dog did not die (write in two tenses). 1. You have (write three ways) written a book. 8. Go and shoot the wolf. 9. They have found the gold. 10. The animals are getting very large. 11. The man had become very wicked. 12. Have you given the teacher the gold ? 13. He had writ- ten the pupil (indir. obj.) a letter, hadn't he ? 14. The dog is dying; will you shoot the animal? 15. What will the pupil's brother become ? (d) Supplementary Exercise. 1. I wrote the exercise and studied the books. 2. She has written the girl a letter. 3. We shall read the book and learn the exercise. 4. I will not go and shoot the man's dog. 5. The men have given the gold to a girl. 6. Come and see the rose. 7. The pupil's brother did not become very wicked. 8. The teacher's daughter was teaching the girls. 9. The dogs are getting very large. 10. A man has come and he will shoot the wolf. 11. I shot the dog and it died. 12. You wrote a letter to the teacher, and he gave the letter to a pupil. 13. The wolves were large and they had become very angry. 14. Did you (write three ways) give the letters to the daughter of the man? 15. Go and study the exercise; it is not very long. 138 SYNTAX. LESSON XIV. (PAGES 10 1-11 9.) DECLENSION OF THE FIRST FOUR CLASSES OF NOUNS. THE CASES. Semen @ie : ($ommen @ic) l)erem. 33ttte, nefymen @te ^fafe, Come in. Please take (a) seat. 72. Nouns of the Fourth Class add *n or *etl to form the plural. They never take umlaut. Masculines and neuters of this class are sometimes said to belong to the Mixed Declen- sion, because the singular follows the strong, and the plural follows the weak declension. (See Lesson XXI.) Declension of the First Four Classes of Nouns. MASCULINE. Singular. 1st class. 2d class. 3d class. 4th class. * N. ber (ein) Srnber nnb Wlann Staat, the state. G. be3 (etnes) 23rnber3 ^nuti>e3 %Ranm unbe banner 8taaten r of the states. Sriibern ^wnben SJldnnern toaten, (to or for) the states. SBriiber ^wnbe Scanner Staaten, the slates. DECLENSION OF NO UN 8. 139 1st class. N. bte (eine) G. ber (enter) Xodjter D. ber (einer) Xodjter A. bte (eine) N. bte G. ber D. ben A. bte FEMININE. Singular. 2d class. 4th class. Sfran, the woman. fjfrfltt, the woman's. $ran, (to or /or) the woman. fjfrttn, the woman. XiJ extern Plural. SSanle 25 tittle S3anlen 1st class, (cin) NEUTER. Singular. 2d class. 3d class. N. G. D. bent(einem)9Jlabt^cn A. ba (ein) ^labdjen TObdjen n, the women. n, the women's. gfranen, (to or /or) women. $ranen, the women. 4th class. e eye. , o/ ^e ^ye. 2Jttge, (*o or /or) Stttge f ^e eye. 5fngctt, ^e eyes. n f o/ the eyes. N. bte G. ber D. ben A. bte Sftabdjen ^ferbe S5itd)er 9lngen, the eyes. NOTE. Except bie SJhttter and bie Softer all feminines are of the second or fourth class. The second class contains only monosyllables. So if a feminine word has more than one syllable, it belongs te the fourth class, and adds n or en to form the plural. Like ber @taat decline ber S)ont, the thorn; ber 9?ad)bar (bie -ftacparn), the neighbor ; ber @ee, the lake ; ber @traljl, the ray, beam (of light}. Like bie gran decline bie Sfyiir, bie iitte, bte 9iofe, bte eit. Like baS 2Utge decline ba 23ett, the bed; bag (Snbe f the end; ba8 emb r the shirt, ba Dfyr, the ear. 140 SYNTAX. 73. The Cases. There are four cases Nominative, Geni- tive, Dative, and Accusative. (a) The Nominative, as in English, is the case (1) of the sub- ject, and (2) of the predicate after the verbs fetn, to be, toerben, to become, bleibett, to remain, etc. : S>er SDtaun fdjmbt, the man is writing. Sittb @ie ber Scorer ? are you the teacher ? $a3 tut3 ttwrbe cine (Bdjufe, the house became a school. (6) The Genitive designates possession. It corresponds to the English possessive or to the objective with of: er Somber be0 SJiamte^, the man's brother. $>ie I)ur be3 aufe3, the door of the house. (c) The Dative corresponds to the English indirect object with to or for, and is also used with certain verbs and adjectives : (r gab bem Secret ba3 23ud), he gave the book to the teacher. $>er Scorer fdjrteb bcm ^inbc eitteu SSrief, the teacher wrote the child a letter. (r folgtc bem SOlannc, he followed the man. SaS SDlabrf)ett mar bem inbe gut f the girl was fond of the child (lit. good to the child}. (c?) The Accusative is the case of the direct object : Sic faty ben arten f she saw the garden. NOTE. The last three cases are also used with certain prepositions. Table of Cases. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Mas. te0d)ter bcr grau gab bcr Gutter bie Neut ^>a SBcib bc^ 3)lann(ctn^ gab bem wife (poetical) little man DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 141 74. Apposition. A noun in apposition with another has the same case. 1. Sfteitt $atcr, ber Setter, tft gefommett, my father, the teacher, has come. 2. 3ti) fefc ba3 Surf) meineS $ater3, be3 SeljrerS, / am reading the book of my father, the teacher. 3. (r tyat e3 wcittcm $ater, bent Setyrer, gegebett, &e #au3, bic ^a'u'fer, III, the ^o'len (weak), to go and get, to house. fetch. bic ^ntt'te f bic ^nit'tcn, IV, the hut. tte^'men (tummft, ntmtnt), nafym, ba ^(eib f bic $lei'bcr, III, the gcitorn'men, to take. dress ; pi. clothes. iJffttCtt (weak), to open. ttOd) f adv., yet. ttutl) tti^t f not yet. 76. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Ba3 fjatte ber 5Kann ? 2. mt bte grau be^ 3anne3 bem 2)?abrf)en etnen inter gegefcen? 3. 2Bo i(t bie grau ge* tt?ef en, unb tt?a f)at fie bent aKabc^en gef agt ? 4. 2Ba$ ^at ba 9)Zab(^en genomnten, unb tuo^in tft e$ (ba^ 3)fab(f)en) gegangen? 5. 9Ba$ ^at ba^ 33?abc^en gefefyen, nnb lt>a^ ^at e^ gefagt? 6. SBar ber nnb gnt, unb tft er groft getoorben? (5) 1. ^^ ^cib^ bie (Sinter gefyolt 2. ie gran ttmrbe alt, ntrf)t tua^r? 3. )ie Jpren be @aufe^ ftnb flein. 4. @ie 142 SYNTAX. fjaben bte l)ur ber ittte nod) ntrfjt geoffnet 5. )n rtrirft bem iOJJabdjen ben (Simer ntdjt geben. 6. te gefyrer nafymen bie 33ud)er. 7. 3Bir fatten ba3 $(eib ber grau nod) nicfyt genommen. 8. 2Bo tft bte f)iir be3 aufe3? 9. )ie grauen fyaben bie Sleiber noc^ nicf)t gefjolt (c) 1. The pupil has not yet read the book to the woman. 2. The child has opened the doors of the house. 3. The woman's house was small. 4. The teacher took a pupil's book. 5. The woman is the girl's mother. 6. The girl had opened the door of the hut. 7. The mother will give the pupil a book, won't she? 8. The girl has gone and got the children's clothes. 9. The daughter's dress was getting old. 10. The girl will take a pail and fetch the water. 11. Where (tDoI)hl) have you taken the girl's clothes ? 12. I have a pail ; I will fetch the water. 13. Is the exercise very long? 14. Will the women die ? 15. You had not yet come. LESSON XV. (PAGES 11 io-12 14.) REVIEW. FUTURE PERFECT OF ALL VERBS. Semen @te : gr fiefyt ben SBatb fcor 4Stinmen ntcfyt )entfd)e prtdjtoort. He cannot see the wood for the trees. German Proverb. 77. (1) a. What verbs take fetn as auxiliary instead of fydben? b. How are the perfect tenses formed? (2) a. Give the peculiarities of the second, third, and fourth classes of nouns. b. Which class has no feminines? c. How do cases in German correspond to cases in English? (3) a. Give a rule for each, gender as determined by mean- ing, b. Give a rule for each gender as determined by ending. REVIEW. 143 78. Formation of the Future Perfect (bd jtoet'te gfutttr'). The future perfect is formed by prefixing the present of trerbett (tjf) tterbe, etc.) to the perfect infinitive. The infinitive of the auxiliary (fyaben or fettl) follows the past participle : id) getobt fyaben, I shall have praised. Conjugation of the Perfect Present Perfect. id) Ijabc gelobt Past Perfect. id) Ijarte gelobt bu Ijaft gclobt bn Ijattcft gelobt er I)at gelobt er Ijattc geiubt ititr Ijaben gelobt Wir fatten gelobt iijr Ijabt gelobt il)r Ijattet gelobt fie Ijabcn gclobt fie fatten gclobt Tenses with Ijaben* Future Perfect. idj toerbe gelobt Ijaben, / shall have praised. bn nrirft gelobt Ijaben, thou wilt have praised. er ttrirb gelobt Ijaben, he will have praised. nrir werben gelobt Ijaben, we shall have praised. iljr wcrbet gelobt Ijaben, you will have praised. fie uicrben gelobt Ijaben, i praised. Conjugation of the Perfect Tenses with feitt. Present Perfect. Past Perfect. Future Perfect. ic!) bin gegangen id) war gegangen id) frerbe gegangen fciit, 7 shall have gone. bu bift gegangen bit ttmrft gegangeu bit nm-ft gegangen fein f thou wilt have gone. er ift gegangen er war gegangen er wirb gegangen fein, he will have gone. torir finb gegangen wir warcn gegangen wir werben gegangen f cin, we shall have gone. iljr feib gegangen i^r waret gegangen il)r wcrbet gegangen fetn f you will have gone. {ie finb gegangen fie waren gegangen . fie werbcn gegangen fein f they will have gone. 144 SYNTAX. (a) Conjugate: id) ttiefbc flcljabt Jjaben, 7 shall have had. id) toerbc gefdjrieben fallen, / shall have written. id) toerbc gewefeu fcin, / shall have been. id) focrbe gcttwrbcn feut, / shall have become. (b~) Give the future perfect of fefyett and fterben, and conjugate in full / shall have come, I shall have taken. (c) Give synopses of : feitt in the first person singular. Ijabctt in the third person plural. ttJCfbett in the second person singular. fomtttCU in the third person singular. fhtbctt in the first person plural. in the second person plural. 79. Infinitive of Purpose. The expression to, in order to, denoting purpose in English, is given in German by uttl .... gU with the infinitive. Uttl must not be omitted : She took the pail to get the water, fie naljm ben (Shner, urn ba$ SBaffer 311 He came to see tlie fish, er lam, urn ben gtfd) gn fefyett. 80. Vocabulary. bcr $aum f bic S3aumc r II, the tree. Me 9JlUd) (no pi.), milk. ba3 ^rot f bic 33rote f II, bread. cf fen (tffeft, igt), aft, tjegef'feit, to eat. ber 5$ftfd)r ^tc %tfd)t f II, the fish. fi'fcfjen (weak), to fish. ber gi'fdjer, bic gift^cr, I, the fish- fctjlie'ften, fd)Ioft f gef(^(of'fen, to erman. shut. 81. Exercises. (a) 1. Sofytn ift ba$ 9Kdbd)en gefommen? 2. at e^ etnen 3. Sa ^at ber 2ftann bem 4. at ba^ 2)Mbd)en etnen gifcf) ge]e^en? 5. 4. at ba$ Sftcibdjen etnen gtftf) gejefyen? 5. 2Ba$ ! genommen, nnb tDofytn ift e$ gegangen ? 6. |)at e^ Me be3 aufe^ gefd)(offen ? PBEPOSITIONS. 145 (6) 1. )er gtf^er toirb bic gifdje gegeffen tya&en. 2. @aft bu ba 33rot gegeffen unb bie Sftild) getrnnfen ? 3. er 33aum ift fefyr alt getoorben, 4. )er SSater nrirb nitfjt gefommen fein. 5. )a$ Sftabcfjen Ijatte bie SEIjiir be$ anfe3 gefcijtoffen, nicfyt ? 6. 3t ber 2ttann etnen gifc^ ? 7. 3? ft ba J^ier ein ? 8. te gtfc^er finb gegangen, um ba 53rot unb bie n f)olen 9. $ ^abe bent nnbe einen gifcf) gegeben. 10. @ie nafym ben (Sinter, nnt ba^ SBaffer jn trinfen* (c) 1. The girl's pail is very large. 2. The fisherman's brother is eating the fish. 3. The woman's mother shut the door and ate the bread. 4. The men will have seen the trees, 5. You were fishing, weren't you ? 6. The man ate the fishes. and died. 7. The pupil had gone to open the door. 8. The girl will go and get the pails. 9. He had taken the pail to* fetch the milk. 10. We shall have come to see the river, 11. I shut the door and shot the animal. 12. Had he shut the door of the hut ? 13. Where (tt)0f)in) will you go to eat the bread and drink the milk? 14. She was writing the teacher a letter. 15. The fishermen will have given the girl the bread. LESSON XVI. (PAGES 12 is-13 19.) PREPOSITIONS WITH THE DATIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. Semen @ie : (Site ntit SBeite. entfd)e$ @pricf)tt)ort (Haste with delay.) The more haste the less speed. 82. Prepositions with Dative or Accusative. The prepo- sitions used with either dative or accusative are : an, anf, Ijlnter, in, neben, nber, nnter, ttor, 146 SYNTAX. They take the dative in answer to the question where ? in what place ? They take the accusative in answer to the question whither ? to or into what place ? (r fa$ in bent (Utfe, he sat in the house. (r fant in ba3 ^wn3, he came into the house. (r ftanb in ber ^pittte, he stood in the hut. (r ging in bie ^wtte, he went into the hut. % ($r ging in ber ^itttc anf nnb ab, he went back and forth in the hut. NOTE. Many prepositions may unite with the definite article : am for an bem ; im for in bem ; in3 for in ba$ ; aitf for auf bag, etc. 83. Vocabulary. bie at'ae f bie $trtjett, IV, the cat. an f at, near; am ^tfrf)e f at the ber @ol|n f btc Stiljne, II, the son. table, never upon the table. bcr ifd) f Me Xifrfje, II, /ie table. cwf, o/i, wpow. (ic'gen f lag, gelegen, ^o Zie (o Ijin'ter, behind. recline}. in, in, mto. fit'^en r fa| f gefeffen f ^o sit. nc'ben p by, beside. f^rin'gen r f prang, gefprnngen, ii'ber, over, above; about. (fein), to spring. nn'ter, under; among. ftclj'en, ftanb, geftanben, to stand, nor, before ; in front of. tter'fen (nnrfft, tuirft), toftrf, gen>or= gttii'f^en, between. fen, to throw. 84. Exercises. (a) 1. SBofyin Ijat ber gifd^er ben gifd) geiDorfen? 2. SBo fjatte er ben gtf^ gefnnben? 3. 3Bar ber gif(^ im gluffe gettefen? 4. $3a^ ^at bie gran be$ gifrf)er^ bem 2ftanne gefagt? 5. 2Bo f|atte baS SKdb^en geftanben, nnb tuo f)atte bie grau gefeffen? 6. 2Bof)in tft ber ifd)er gefommen, nnb l)at er gefeljen ? PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 147 (V) 1. <3tnb @te in bag ang gegangen? 2. Me Safeen toaren auf ben ifdj gefprnngen. 3. aben @te bag htd) anf ben ifd) getoorf en ? 4. ) te $ae beg gefyrerg lag anf etner 33an!. 5. SBir toerben in ben arten gefyen, nicf)t tt)a^r ? 6. tanben @ie im arten ? 7. )te ^a^e f))rang auf ba ^ferb. 8. @ie ^atte anf bem Jif^e gelegen, (c) 1. The woman's daughter stood on a chair. 2. The girls had gone into the fisherman's house. 3. I shall see the fishes in the river. 4. You were sitting upon the bench. 5. They are coming into the woman's hut, aren't they ? 6. The son of the fisherman was in the river. 7. The men will have thrown the fishes into the water. 8. You had stood under a tree. 9. A book is lying on the table. 10. The brother of the fisherman has been very hungry. (d) A Story (eine efrfjtdjte). The girl's mother gave the man a fish. The man threw the fish on a bench. A cat was lying on the bench. The cat took the fish and sprang upon the table. The man became very angry (bofe) and shot the cat. ^ (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story also in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect. LESSON XVII. (PAGES 13 20-14 n.) PERSONAL PRONOUNS. POSITION OF OBJECTS. 8ernen 9Ber ift ba ? $$ bin eg. Sift bn eg ? gr tft eg. Who is there ? It is I. Is it you 9 It is he. 148 SYNTAX. 85. Personal Pronouns (^erfiJn'firfje gttr'tDfirtcr). SINGULAR. N. W), btt, <3ie, et, fte, e, /. thou. ?/ow. he. s/ie. it. G. meiner, beiner, 3^er, feiner, Hrer, feiner, of me. of thee. o/ you. o/ Mm. o/ Tier. of it. D. mir, bir, Stynett, U, i|r, il)m, to me. to /ieje. to yow. to Mm. to fter. to it. A. mid), bid,, 6ie, il)tt, f, e, me. Z/&60. you. him. ^er. tt. PLURAL % N. ttrir, we. iljr, <5ie, 2/ow. fie, they. G. mtfer, of us. euer, 3Ijrer, of you. i^rer, of them. D. nn3, to u s. end), 3^nen, to you. il)tien, to i/iem A. ttn3, ts. cud), @ie, ?/ow. fie, ^e?w. (a) Agreement of Pronouns. A personal pronoun of the third person must agree with its antecedent in person, number, and gender. Qfy fyabe Me iltte ntd)t gefefyen ; fie mar 311 Item, / did not see the hut; it was too small Sffetl @te ben ntdjt ; er tft ntcf)t gut, do not eat the fish; it isn't good, Ste ba$ au^? S geprt mir, do you see the house? It belongs to me. 86. Position of Objects. A personal pronoun, whether the direct or the indirect object, stands right after the simple predicate or auxiliary : ($r (job c3 fcem Seljrer, he gave it to the teacher. (r tyat mir eiiteit SBrief gefdjriebett, he has written me a letter. (a) If both direct and indirect objects are personal pronouns, the accusative comes first. 3d) Ijabe e3 iljm gcgebcn, 7 have given it to him. PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 149 (&) If both objects are nouns, the indirect object (dative) usually comes before the direct (accusative) (see 39) : (r gab fcem Scorer eitt Shtrf), he gave the teacher a book. 87. Vocabulary. Jm3 Seu'fter, Me Settfter, I, the win- gefal'Ien (gefatfft, gefattt), geftef, dow. gef alien, with dative, to please. tier $rewtfc, Me grewtbe, II, ^e geljo'rett (weak), with dative, to friend. belong. ber $alaft', Me ^aliift'e, II, the ttJoJj'nett (weak), to live, to dwell. palace. a'ber, conj., but. ba3 3iWmcr f Me 3immer, I, /ie fdjiw, ad J-> beautiful. room. 88. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Ba3 [jatte bte grew bem gtf^er gefagt ? 2. 28a ^at er t^r gefagt? 3. @at i^m ber gtfcfy etn @aM gegeben? 4. 9Bo tDo^nten ber gif^er itnb bte grau? 5. e^orte ttjnen ba$ QaviZ unb gefiet e^ i^nen? 6. SBaren bte genfter be& ^immer gro unb frfjott ? (&) 1. ^(^ trerbe Qfyntn ben nnb geben ; er gefyort mtr* 2. J)ic 9)httter I)atte bem Stnbe etnen $rtef gefc^rteben. 3. efa(It btr ba Su^ ? 4. (gte totrb e nn^ 'geben, aber e$ gefatlt nn ntcf)t, 5. er ^5afaft geljorte tl)nen ntrf)t r aber er tear (e^r ftfjon, 6. )er SSater gab bent greunbe etnen ^alaft. 7. a 33udj Itegt auf bem Xtfrfje ; \ aierbe e^ t^nen fyolen. 8. gin greunb ^at mtr gefagt : ef)oren btr bte ^aldfte ? " (c) 1. The teacher gives the book to a friend. 2. Did he give them the books ? 3. Do, the windows of the palace please you? 4. You (write three ways) are writing her a letter, but it will not please her. 5. The woman said to him : " I have not gone into the palace." 6. The windows of the 150 SYNTAX. room are very beautiful. 7. She had taken the letter and thrown it on the table in the room. 8. Had he given you the palace in the garden ? 9. He gave them a palace, but they lived in a hut. 10. She gave it to him and went into the palace. (d) A Story (etne efrf)tcf)te). The palace in the garden be- longed to a woman. She was standing at the window near the roses. They were very beautiful and they pleased her. A girl came into the garden, took a rose, and gave it to the woman. That (bd$) pleased the woman, and she gave the girl a room in the palace. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, perfect, past perfect, and future. LESSON XVIII. (PAGES 14 is-15 is.) PREPOSITIONS WITH THE DATIVE. INVERTED ORDER. Semen @ie : 9ld), bitte, fcerjetfyen @ic tnir. Qfy bitte urn 33ergeil)img. Oh, please, pardon me. I beg (for) pardon. 89. Prepositions with Dative. The commonest prepositions with the dative are au$, bet, mtt, nod), fett, toon, ju. 2ht bcm $attfe, out of the house. S3ct tw3 r with us, at our house. ) fcer 6tabt f to the city. 90. Inverted Order. In the inverted order the subject stands directly after the simple verb or auxiliary. This order is used (1) in direct questions unless the subject is an inter- PBEPOSITIONS. 151 rogative pronoun, (2) in commands where the form with @ie is used, and (3) in. declarative sentences if introduced by some word other than the subject. <3ie ^cutfrf) ? do you speak German ? ttrirfc er fummeu? when will he come 9 eben @ie mir fca3 23ud), give me the book. (SJeftern ttwr id) in bet (Stafct, yesterday I was in the city. Sc^t ift fie fertig, wow? sfte is read?/. 91. Vocabulary. tw3 Sdflog, Me <3d)li)ffcr, III, the je^t, adv., now. castle. ntor'gett, adv., to-morrow. nad) au'fc f home(ward). au f OM o/. 511 $au'fe f a Aowe. bei f a ^e /iowse o/, with, at, (near) al'fi), adv., so, therefore. by, used with words of rest. iwmt, adv., then. tttit f with. &eutfd) f adj., German, written with ttad), ^o Cof places usually), after. a capital when used as a noun. fcit f since. fer'ttg, adj., ready. &0tt f /row, o/. geft'crtt, adv., yesterday. gtt f ^o (of persons usually). Ijeu'tc, adv., to-day. 92. Exercises. (a) 1. (Stnb Me 9Kanncr nad) bem gluffe gegangen ? 2. ^aben fie bem 3fttibd)en gefagt ? 3. 9Bof)tn ift ba^ SKabc^en gangen ? 4. SBar ber gtf d^cr ?u aufe mtt ber grau ? 5. 3 fa^en fie unb lDa aftett fie ? 6. 3Ba^ l)at fie tf)m gefagt? (&) 1. ^e^t fpre^e id^ eutft^, abet bu tterftefyft mt^ 2. eftent finb totr au^ bem aufe in ben arten gegangen, 3. eftent fjabe id) ftnbiert ; ^ente ftubtere icf) ; morgen iDerbe tcf) ftubieren. 4. @ie tt)ar Don Mr jn mir gefommen. 5. @inb @ie mit i^nen cm bem d^Ioffe in ben ^5afaft gegangen? 152 SYNTAX. 6. eute ift er nadj ber @tabt gefommen, aber morgen toirb er gegangen fein. 7. SSir gtngen ntit ben gifcfyern in3 8. gr fam au$ bem arten ju Mr, ntd)t maljr ? 9. 2Btr ttmren fertig ; alfo finb ttrir nadj aufe gefommen. 10. eute bin id) 311 aufe. (c) 1. Now the teacher is coining with the pupils. 2. The children went to the houses of the fisherman. 3. The father of the girls will go to the hut. 4. The child has fetched water from the river in a pail. 5. To-morrow a fisherman will go with me into the hut. 6. The girl's friend had gone with the fisherman to the castle, hadn't he? T. Has the teacher given the pupils the books ? 8. Are you (write three ways) going into the garden ? 9. Were you (write three ways) going to the castle to see the girl's father? 10. To-morrow I shall go out of the city; I am ready now. (d) A Story (etne efdjttfjte). Yesterday the day was very beautiful. I took a book and went into the garden to study. The fisherman's dog came out of the hut. I gave him bread ; it pleased him. Then he fetched the fisherman from the house, and we went to the river to fish. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present and future tenses, using fyettte (to-day) and morgen (to-morrow) for geftenu LESSON XIX. (PAGES 15 ie^-16 15.) PREPOSITIONS WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 8ernen @ie : SBte ber err, fo ber )iener. )eutfdje$ Like master, like man. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 153 93. Prepositions with Accusative. The prepositions used with the accusative are bis, burtf), fur, gegen, ofjne, um, ttriber. $>tttd) belt arteit, through the garden. >I)tte bid), without you. 94. Possessive Pronouns. The possessives are formed from the genitive of the personal pronouns, as follows : id) ttteiit, my. fie iljr, her. iljr ewer f your. bit beitt, thy. e3 fern, fts. fie ityr, e* feiit, /ii's. ttrir tttt{er, a3 Sftabdjen fieljt feinc Gutter, the girl sees her mother. 96. Vocabulary. ber Ste'ner, bte Wiener, I, the fet^eu, fe^te, gefe^r, to set, to put, servant (male). to place. bie a'bef, btc abeltt, IV, the fork, o'^er, conj., or. bar Sof'fef, bic Soffcl, I, the spoon. M3, till, so far as. ba3 ^cf'fcr, btc SWcffcr, I, the knife. bltrrf), through. ber 2Ba(b f bic 28alber f III 7 the fiir f for. . wood. flC'gett, against (literally). fallen (faEt), ftc(, gefaUcn (fetu), uty'ne, without. to fall. um r about, around. rei'tett, rttt f gcrtttcn (fein), to ride. ttii'ber, against (figuratively). fdjnci'beu, fr^ttttt, gef^nttten, to cut. 97. Exercises. (a) 1. 3ft ber Stf^er au^ femem aufe unb burc^ ben 2?a(b gegangen ? 2. $3a^ ^at tfym ber gif{^ fitr feme grau gegeben ? 3. 3Bar e nt^t fdjon in i^rem ^afafte? 4. 9Bo ^aben fie flefeffen, unb tna^ ^aben fie ge^abt? 5. SBa6 ^aben fie jefet gegeffen? 6. Ser (who) ^at t^m ben ^alaft gegeben? (b) 1. Qdj foem o^ne metnen nnb fomnten. 2. @ie rttt mtt i^rcn X>ienern bnrcf) ben 9BaIb. 3. aft bn ba 4Brot fitr mid) o^ne betn SKcffcr gef^nttten? 4. er 3Mener ift mit REVIEW. 155 fetttem met gegen bte STpr gefaften* 5. Dfyne feine abet it ber SMetter mit feinem Sfteffer. 6. 9Bir finb um ba$ cm$ unb burd) ben SBatb geritten. (c) 1. My knife has fallen out of the window into the gar- den. 2. Did she ride without her servants ? 3. The fisher- man's daughter rode with the servants through the forest. 4. Will the servant fetch a spoon for the child ? 5. You had stayed in the palace without her. 6. Do you eat with your knife or with your fork ? 7. The servant was cutting the bread on the table with his knife. 8. He took the book and threw it upon a bench in our garden. 9. To-morrow we shall have ridden around the wood. 10. The cat had sprung from the table through the window into the garden. (d) A Story (eine efd)td)te). Yesterday our servant came into the room to put the bread and the milk on the table. Our cat sprang from a chair upon the table and drank the milk. The servant saw her, took her, and threw her through the window. She fell among the roses in the garden and ran into the wood. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect tenses, omitting yesterday. LESSON XX. (PAGES 16 16-17 is.) EEVIEW. PREPOSITIONS, PRONOUNS, AND WORD ORDER. (Lessons 16-19.) gernen @te : Qtf) banfe ^nett, (id)) banfe fefjr, (id)) bcmfe fdjon, fcefteti )cmf, thanks. SQitte, bitte fefyr, bttte fdjtin, you are welcome, lit. (/) beg (you not to mention it). 156 SYNTAX. 98. (1) a. Which prepositions take dative or accusative ? b. When do they take the dative, and when the accusative ? c. Give other uses of the dative and accusative cases. (2) a. Give the personal pronouns in German, b. Give all the cases where fie and tljr occur. c. Give the rule for the order of objects when both are pronouns ; both nouns ; one a pronoun and one a noun. (3) a. Which prepositions take only the accusative? b. AYhich only the dative? c. Give the rule for Inverted Order, d. Give the possessives. e. How are they formed from the personal pronouns? /. Give the rule for their agree- ment with antecedent and the noun they modify. 99. Distinguish carefully between lie, lay, lain (fiegen, fag, ge(egen) and lay, laid, laid (fegen, legte, gelegt). Also between sit, sat, sat (fifeen, fafc, gefeffen) and set, set, set (fefcen, fefcte, gefe^t). 8tegen and ftt^en are strong and never take an object; fegen and fe^en are always weak and transitive. 100. Combinations of Prepositions with Other Words.. (a) Many prepositions combine with the definite article : ant = an bent ; tut = in bent ; in = in ba ; jur = gu ber ; jnnt = 3n bent ; fnrS = fur ba$, etc. (See 82, Note.) (6) When referring to an inanimate object bd(r) is used with prepositions instead of a personal pronoun: banttt, with it; baranf, on it; baneben, beside it; bafitr, for it, etc. Compare the English therewith, thereupon, etc. 101. Vocabulary. ba3 ftelb, Me ftdber, ill, the field. ba3 (gntoe, Me @tri>en f IV, the end. bag fa3, Me QHafer, III, the glass, tyePfen (i)Uft), Ijalf, geljoCfett, with ber Stall, bie Stalle, II, the stall, dative, to help, stable. (e'gen f letjte, gelegt, to lay, to put. REVIEW. 157 102. Exercises. (a) 1. SBaS fag Ijtnter bem $afoft be$ $ifd)er$? 2. 3Ba3 toar ^inter bem arten? 3. 3Bof)in ift ba$ 3ftabd)en auf feinem ^ferbe geritten? 4. @inb bie )iener be$ gifcfyerS mit bem Sftabdjen gegangen? 5. aben bte Scanner bem SKabcfyen geljotfen? 6. at ba$ 2ftabd)en Ujnen gebcmft? (6) 1. )a (nbe be3 gelbeS ttmr neben bem tatte. 2. SBtr tDerben bem 8efyrer ^elfen ; er tt)irb im$ bafiir banfen. 3. @ie fegten ba^ ^inb in ben @tat( be^ gifc^er^. 4. STOctnc unbe finb Ijnngrig unb burftig gemefen. 5. Sir ^aben i^nen unfer Srob gegeben, nt^t n^a^r? 6. )a$ SKabc^en mirb ba^ SBaffer in feinem gimer ge^olt fyaben* 7. n ^attcft ba^ Ia3 genom^ men, urn ba SBaffer 3n trinlen. 8. a^ ^inb ift jnng nnb ftein, aber fefyr f(ug. 9. gr ift mit feinem Sfteffer bnr^ ba3 genfter in ben arten gefprnngen. 10. 9JJeine o^ne fatten bte (Sci^e ni^t getefen> 11. )a$ Sinb fa anf einem @tnl)Ie ; toir fe^ten e^ anf ben ifdj. 12. Sfteine $a^e ^at anf etner 53an! getegen ; id) fyabe fie in ben Stall gelegt. 13. at 3^ e ^ metn SSater fein 9fteffer gegeben? 14. @r tDirb Mr bamit ^etfen. (c) 1. The fisherman's daughter has gone into the field. 2. The girl's father had given her a horse. 3. You had laid the man's glass in the stall. 4. We sat in front of the house, and our dogs lay beside us. 5. He will set the glass upon the table. 6. The horses had lain in my father's fields. 7. Your son is fishing in the river, isn't he ? 8. We have helped them, but they will not thank us. 9. She took the fish out of the pail and went into the garden with it. 10. She set the glass on the bench and sat beside it. 11. Our teacher set a glass upon the table and laid a rose beside it. 12. Did you give us your books in order to help us ? 13. Has your 158 SYNTAX. teacher given them the readers ? 14. In the stables of toe palace are the girl's horses. 15. Will you ride with me through the wood to find the girl ? (d) A Story (etne efd)td)te). To-day the teacher's daugh- ter was riding through the wood without her dog. She came to a river and sprang from her horse to drink. A wolf was lying behind a tree and saw her. He was hungry, so he sprang toward (nad)) the girl. Her father, the teacher, saw the wolf, came with his dog, and shot the animal. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect. LESSON XXI. (PAGES 17 ie-18 is.) STRONG DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. NOUNS OF THE FIFTH CLASS, THE WEAK DECLENSION (ber $nabe). NOUNS ,OF MEASURE. Semen @te : uten Sftorgen, err Setter, uten ag, mettte mber. Good morning, (Mr.) teacher. Good day, (my) children. 103. The Fifth Class of Nouns, commonly called the Weak Declension, contains only masculines. It forms all cases by adding *n or *en to the nominative singular. Weak Declension of Nouns. Fifth Class. SINGULAR. PLURAL. N. ber $iwbe, the boy. bte ttabett f the boys. G. be$ titabett f the boy's. ber ttwben, the boys'. D. bem ftnabett, (to or for) theboy. ben nabeit, (to or for) the boys. A. ben Shmbett, the boy. bte ftttabett, the boys. tiTRONG DECLENSION. 159 104. Strong Declension of Adjectives. When not preceded by an article, the adjective must indicate the number, gender, and case of the noun This is called the Strong Declension of Adjectives. The adjective takes the following endings, akin to the definite article, except that in the genitive singular mascu- line and neuter euphony requires *tn instead of ?e$. Here the adjective does not need to be strong, as the noun ending indi- cates its number and case. SINGULAR. Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. N. guter Sftauu, gttte $rau, good man. good woman. good book. G. (gute) gitten Wianm. gitter $raiu (gutes) gutett D. gittem SJftamte, guter $rau, gutem A. guteu 9ttauu. gute gfraiu PLURAL. > T . gute SJlamter, gute $raueu, gute ! good men. good women. good books. G. guter TOuuer. guter graueu* guter SBitdjer* D. guteu 9Wauueru guteu gfrattem gitteu ! A. gute Sautter* gute fjraueu* gute ! In like manner decline junger $nabe, UJarmer Sein, tuetge Saffc, jc^bnc ttnb, 105. Omission of Article or Preposition after Nouns of Meas- ure. Nouns following the expression, a glass of, a piece of, etc., are given in German without preposition or article, unless qualified by an adjective. A glass of milk, eitt fd$ SJJttd^ ; a piece of bread, em <2tM 33rot ; a cup of white tvine, tine affe toeiften 2Betne$ ; a glass of warm milk, em Ia$ toanner apiece of good bread, tin @titrf guten 160 SYNTAX. 106. Vocabulary. Tlie Genitive of nouns of the Fifth Class is given in the Vocabularies. bcr raf, be rafcn, V, the count, btc Xaf'fc, btc Xaffcn, IV, the cup. bcr a'fe, bc ^afcn, V, the hare. bcr 2Beut, btc 298eute, II, the wine. bcr ^>crr, bc3 crru, pi. btc $cr= lau'fett (tauft), lief, gelau'fctt (fein), rcit, the gentleman ; as term of to run. address, Mr. crr 23ratttt, Mr. fdjfa'fcu (fci)taft),fd)Iicf, gefdjfa'fcit, Brown, declined in the oblique to sleep. cases with the definite article tljUtt, ttyat, gcttyatt', to do. (Writ- (be$ errn SBraun, etc.). ten also tint, tat, getan, in the ber na'tic, be3 ^itabcn, V, the boy. revised spelling. ) bcr Sottwt', be3 6u(batcn f V, the frfjttJars, adj., black. soldier. fitter, adj., heavy, hard, difficult. bag 8tiicf, btc Stitrfe, II, the piece. 107. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Sa$ fagte ba$ 3)?ab(^en bem rafen? 2. atte ber raf ft^tDarje ^ferbe nnb gro^e ^loffer? <3. So ftanb ba^ @c^(o^ be^ rafen? 4. 3Ba$ fagte bie gran ifyrem 9JZanne,nnb n)ol)in ift er gegangen? 5. SBie (how) ift ba$ SBaffer im glnffe geroefen? 6. SBa I)at er gn anfe gefnnben, nnb tt)a^ tfyaten bie rafen ? (6) 1. J)er Snabe be rafen naljm ein (Stitd gifd^ nnb ging bamit jn ben Solbaten. 2. )er nnb be @errn 4Braun ^at nnter einem 53anme gefd)(afen. 3. 3)a^ Stitd 53rot ft>ar fdjinar^ aber ba^ (a^ SBein ift rot. 4. i j)er err ging mit bem Snaben $um rafen. 5. 3)ie otbaten fanben einen ^naben in bem Sdjfoffe be^ rafen. 6. ie @d)(offer ber rafen ttiaren gro nnb fd)oru 7. SBerben @ie ba$ tl)nn? (S ift fel)r fdjtoer. 8. nte Sitter ma^en gnte @d^U(er. 9. Wit gro^en titcfen ^vot fa^en \mv an bem Jtfdje. 10. X)er ^nabe fyat einen afen gefunben, nnb ift bamit jnm rafen gegangen. WEAK DECLENSION. 161 (c) 1. The count took his horse, and rode with his soldiers through the forest. 2. The boys of the tkxunt are taking their horses into good stalls. 3. She has gone to his palace and has seen his soldiers. 4. The wives and daughters of the counts had black clothes. 5. Hard exercises make clever pupils. 6. Big soldiers laid heavy pieces of iron on the count's table. 7. They will give the boy a cup of milk. 8. The count had taken a book from his table and had gone into the wood with it. 9. Did your brother stand with the count before the door of your house? 10. The exercises of little boys are in large books. (d) A Story (cine efd)trf)te). The count and his son were sleeping in their palace. His soldiers sat under a tree in his garden and drank great glasses of wine. A hare sprang out of the roses beside the count's palace and ran through the garden. The soldiers ran out of the garden after the hare, but they did not find it. Now the count came, saw the glasses of red wine, and was very angry. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect. LESSON XXII. (PAGES 18 19-19 20.) DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES WITH ber " WORDS. Semen @ie : 3eber ift fief) fetbft ber Sftarfjfte. SeutfcijeS jmdjtoorL 'Every one is nearest to himself.) Charity begins at home. 108. Weak Declension of Adjectives. An adjective is de- 162 SYNTAX. clined as below when used with the definite article ber, or with any one of the following words that are declined like ber : bicfer, this; jeuer, that; jeber, every; mand)er f many a; folrijer, such a; roeldjcr, which. These may be called ,,ber" words, as they have endings like ber. This is called the Weak Declension of Adjectives. The ad- jective does not need strong endings, because number and case are shown by the preceding word. Masculine. N. ber (jute 9Ratm, the good man. G. beS guteu D. bcm guteu A. ben gutcu SINGULAR. Feminine. blefe gute $rau, this good woman. biefer guteu fjrau. biefer guteu biefe gute Neuter. jetted gute that good book. jeue^ guteu jeuem gutett gute PLURAL. Feminine. btefe guten these good women. biefer gutcn biefen gwten biefe gitteu Neuter. jeue guteu S3itd)er f those good books. jeuer guteu SBiir^er* jeueu guteu SBitdjeru. jeue guteu S Masculine. N. bte guteu SDlauuer, the good men. G. ber gutcu TOuuer. D. beu guteu Sftfauueru* A. bic guteu banner. In like manner decline ber fd)bne ^rin^, manner l)itngrige 2Botf, jene rote Sftofe, joldje gute Xodjter, jebeS Heine X^ier, n?etd)e ttmrme 3intmer. 109. Position of ^Rte. 3lie has the same position in the sentence as nid)t (see 21). I never saw such red roses, ^fy f)abe folrfje roten 9?ofen nte gefe{)en. He never came into the city, & fam nie in bte Stabt. WEAK DECLENSION. 163 110. Vocabulary. fcer i)'mg, fcte $tittige, II, the king. tud)t3, indef. pron., nothing. ber $ritt5, be3 ^tw^en, V, the me, adv., never. prince. fcie'fer, pron. adj., 7s. ber 8ittb, bte 28utbe f II, the wind. je'ber, pron. adj., every, each. nt'fen, rief, gentfen, to call. je'tter, pron. adj., that. toitn'fftyen (weak), to wish. tttan'djer, pron. adj., many (a}. fait, adj., cold. fol'djer, pron. adj., such (a). lteb, adj., dear. toel'djer, pron. adj. and interrog. ttett, adj., new. pron., which f 111. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Sa$ fagte btcfcr alte 3ftann f enter grau? 2. 3Ber (who) gmg in ben SBalb nut bem fdjonen 33?ab^en? 3. tcaren bicfc 3)tener ? 4. 2Ba3 tnar btc gran geftorben? 5. lt)Unf cf)te bte $rau 311 iDerben ? 6. SBte tt)ar e^ am gluffe ? (6) 1. ^tra iunge ^Jrtnj tft ber @o^n btefe^ gro^en 2. ^ebe gute grau l^at mant^em ^ungrtgen unb ein tiicf Srot gegeben. 3. .^cf) ^abe fold^c fd)tDarsen 2lugen nte gefe^etu 4. 3n tDet^em alten aufe ^aben @ie ben ^rtnjen gefunben ? 5. ^ebe Sette bte[e neuen 53urf)e tft fdjon ; icf) ttjiinfd^c baraM jn lefcn. 6. ^Jcner 5tag mar feljr f(^on, aber ber SBtnb tft fe^r fait gemorben. 7. er raf gab bem jungen ^rinjen emeu tmer. 8. )tefe neuen Stufgaben tr>erben gute (Stiller madden 9. SBtr tnerben bem frfjonen ^naben bie mei^en 9to[en geben* 10. er alte gefyrer ^atte bte guten @^it(er getobt (c) 1. These old soldiers will sleep, but the young king will not see them. 2. He has called that beautiful prince. 3. The wife says : " Dear husband, I shall not wish such big rooms." 4. The old woman has become very angry. 5. The old man had never gone to the big city. 6. Our servant found her in 164 SYNTAX. that small hut. 7. The old king wishes to call the little prince in order to give him a dog. 8. The boy's father will give him that new knife. 9. The count's new palace stands beside the long river. 10. It is large, and he lives in it with the old king and his servant. (d) A Story (erne efd)tc!)te). That beautiful palace stood in the great wood. The old king and a prince wished to live in it. The king took his horses and rode with many (an) old soldier through the great wood. The young prince was lying behind a tree near the palace. He heard the old soldiers, sprang upon the king and shot him. Then the palace belonged to the prince. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect tenses. LESSON XXIII. (PAGES 19 21-20 19.) DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES WITH ,,ehl" WORDS. ACCUSA- TIVE OF TIME. Senteti @te : 3d) famt ntd)t bafiir. $$ falte @te 6etm SBort. I cannot help it. I take you at your word. 112. Mixed Declension of Adjectives. An adjective is de- clined as below with the article em, the negative fem, no, none, or any possessive, like mem, beht, tl)r, etc. These are all de- clined like em, and may be called ,,em" words. In the nominative singular masculine, and nominative and accusative singular neuter, these words are not inflected. Therefore a following adjective must be strong in order to show number and case. In all other cases the adjective is MIXED DECLENSION. 165 weak. Hence the term Mixed Declension, because the adjec- tive is sometimes strong, sometimes weak. SINGULAR. Masculine. Feminine. N. mcttt armor ^ntni>, fetnc anbere Stabt, my poor dog. no other city. G. nteine3 armen $nnbe3, fewer anberen @tabt D. mcinem armen ^ntnbe* f etner anberen 6tabt, A. meineit armen ^ntnb, fetne anbere Stabt. PLURAL. Feminine. leine anberen Stabte, no other cities. Neuter. ttyr fletne3 inb, her, or their, little child. iljre3 ffemett ^inbe^* t^rem Ketneu ittbe* tl|r Masculine. N. tneitte armcu nnbe, my poor dogs. G. meiiter armen D. meinett armen A. metne armen nnbe, In like manner decline Neuter. iljre Keinen Sltttber f her, or their, little children. fetner anberen 8tabte* iljrerfleittett$htber, leinen anberen 8tabten il|ren f (emeu $utbertt. fetne anberen Stabte. t!)re ffetnen ^inber* fyr groger ^'nabe, unfere afte Gutter, feiu neite , bein junger greitnb, meine uietge $ftofe, euer a(te^ au^ (See 94, Note 2.) 113. Accusative of Definite Time. Expressions of definite time are put in the accusative. Every day, Jebett Sag; this year, bte[e$ Qafy. 114. Vocabulary. ber ai'fer f bie atfer f I, the em- fdjei'nen, frfjten, gefrf)te'nen f to per or. ber opf f bte ^ii^fe, IT, the head. ber Dtfte'fe, be Dltefen, V, the giant. bte 6on'tte, bte 6onnen f IV, the sun. ber Xljron, bte XI)rone f II, the throne. ber Xnrnt, bte Xitrme, II, the tower. an'ber, adj., other. shine, appear, seem. arm r adj., poor. brann f adj., brown. glntf'Itrf), adj., happy. griin r adj., green. Ijod), adj., high, tall, inflected J)0 l)cr r liol)c f IjotjCv. ttiet^ f adj., white. pfrie'ben, adj., contented, satisfied. 166 SYNTAX. v 115. Exercises. (a) 1. 28ie fanb ber gifdjer feme alte grau gu aufe? 2. 2Bo fag fie? 3. 9Ber ftanb auf iljrem fjofyen Jfyron? 4. 3Ba$ fyat ber 3ftann f einer atten gran gefagt ? 5. Sffier ift au3 einem fernen (distant) 8anbe gefommen ? 6. 3Ba3 fyaben bie gran unb ifyr alter 2ftann biefem jungen ^Jrinjen gefagt ? (6) 1. )ie @onne fd)ien Ipd) itber em altcS ScfytoB. 2. 3)er anbere ^atfer fyat mand^en gro^en Sotbaten in einem fyofyen 3. Gin junger ^rins unrb fe^r glucEtid) fein auf f einem 2I)rone. 4. )er arme $Riefe t)at lein aar anf bent 5. )ie gliicflicf)e Gutter ft^eint fe^r jnfrieben mit if)rem jnngen finaben, nicfyt lt)a^r? 6. SStr iDerben leinen anberen J^ron fitr ben aften aifer finben, 7. 3)Jein brauner unb tiegt auf einer neuen 23anf. 8. 3^ ^atte ifym em Stiicf gif^ gegeben ; e$ ^atte i^m gefalten. 9. Unfere iDei^e a& ift au$ bem genfter in unferen gritnen arten gefaHen. 10. ^ebe^ Qafy getjen h)ir in ben grihten 9Batb r um bie SBotfe ju fc^ie^en. (c) 1. A big giant sat upon his high throne. 2. To- morrow the sun will shine on many a high tower. 3. Those happy children are studying under that green tree in our garden. 4. No other king has such beautiful gardens around his castle, has he ? 5. Every big giant will help the old emperor. 6. Never had she seen such white roses in such (a) beautiful garden. 7. A beautiful green wood lies around the high palace of our good king. 8. My old mother set her cup of milk on the table, but another woman took it and went into the garden with it. 9. Every day the sun shines high over our old castle. 10. This winter our boys went through the wood to find an old hut. (d) A Stowj (eine efcfjtdjte). That day the sun shone SUMMARY OF DECLENSIONS. 167 through the tall trees. We went into the green wood and found an old tower beside the river. A poor old man with white hair lived in a little hut near this tower. The little old man came out of his hut and lay in the sun to get warm. We called him, but he did not hear us, so we came out of the woods to our house. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect tenses. LESSON XXIV. (PAGES 2020-21 25.) DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. SUMMARY. USE OF fettt* Semen te : )a$ freut mid) fefjr. 3)a$ tljut mtr letb. I am very glad (of thai]. I am sorry (for that), 116. Summary of Adjective Declensions. (a) An adjective in the predicate is riot inflected : ^a SBttd) ift fdjtter, the book is heavy. $>er ttabe ttwr Hein, the boy was small. ^ie Ofofen fittfc rot, the roses are red. (fy An adjective standing before its noun is inflected: $a3 fdjtuere SBttcf), the heavy book. (fitter SBeitt, good wine. (in fdjiwer (kartell, a pretty garden. (c) An adjective is inflected either (1) weak or (2) strong. (1) It is iveak when preceded by a ,,ber" word or an inflected form of an , f eht" word. The ,,ber" words have endings like the definite article. The ,,etn" words have endings like the 168 SYNTAX. definite article, except in the nominative singular masculine and nominative and accusative singular neuter, which are not inflected. The adjective, when weak, has only two endings, e and (e)n. It takes e in the nominative and accusative singular of all genders except the accusative masculine; (e)tt in all other cases. (2) An adjective is strong when not preceded by an inflected form of one of the ,,ber" or ,,ein" words. When strong it takes endings like the definite article. NOTE. In the genitive singular masculine and neuter, the weak form in *en is generally used instead of the strong form in =e : ein fa guten 2Beine$ (instead of gute Seines). (d) An adjective used as a noun is written with a capital and may be weak or strong : ein 2lrmer, a poor man; ber -S'Uttge, the youth. 117. Use of fein. German never uses nidjt ein to express not a, unless it is meant to be very emphatic. The regular use is fein. He did not say a word, (r fagte fein SBort. Not a single ivord did he speak, $fttd)t ein SBort fpracf) er. 118. Vocabulary. bie efd)trf)'te, bte Qkfrf)ici)tett, IV, boS tt'fer, Me Ufer f I, the shore. the story. ont'ttwrtett, attt'tt)0rtete f geant'ttiur- fcer ut, bte iite f II, the hat. itt (weak), to answer, to reply fcie $ai'feriit, bte ^ai'ferinnen, IV, with the dative of the person. the empress. ersaty'fett, er^Pte, er$al)lt' (weak) , bte ii'mgttt, bie ^o'mgtnnen f IV, to tell, to recount. the queen. fait'fen (weak), to buy. ba 9)leer, bte 9Keere r II, the ocean, aerbre'djett (gcrbrirf)t) f setbrat^', ber Sturm, bte Stiirme, II, the serbro'djen, to smash, to break to storm. pieces. trief, adj., much; pi. triele, many. SUMMARY OF DECLENSIONS. 169 119. Exercises. (a) 1. at ber junge $aifer erne lange efdjid)te erjaljlt? 2. 98a anttDortete bie ocf)ter ber Satfertn ? 3. 2Bo()in ging ber Saifer, unb toa tfyat er? 4. at bie gran fetnen neuen mt gelauf t ? 5. 2Bte mar bie grew ? 6. 2Ba3 faf) ber artne maun am Ufer be3 gluffeS ? (6) 1. Sine fdjone Sonigin fi^t cmf i^rem ^o^en J^rone. 2. 3ene alte ^aiferin erja^Ite t)iel tjon einem gro^en turm auf bem 2Keere, 3. ^c^ t)atte einen neuen ut gefauft unb fyatte i^n auf biefen fleinen @tuf)t gelegt, 4. u ^aft ifjr !etn 2Ki(tf) gegeben ; fie fyat ba^ Heine @fa serbro^en, 5. Jag eqafylt un unfer finger greunb eine neue 6. SKorgen toirb un^ ber gute alte Sefyrer fragen r unb tt)ir tDerben anttnorten. 7. iefer Keine ^ring mit bem roten ute auf bem opfe ift ber @o^n be$ gro^en Sonig 8. 2Bir (jaben an bem lifer be^ gluffeS gefeffen aber tt)ir fa^en !einen Sturm auf bem 9Keere. 9. iefe ^inb f)at ein neueS, $Bn3). 10. 8ieber 33ater, tDO ^aft bu biefen gro^en fauft? (c) 1. Dear brother, you have beautiful large trees in your garden. 2. Dear child, was your book a German book ? 3. The mothers of good little boys are happy. 4. This man will be the servant of a count. 5. This little woman became the queen, and that big man became the king. 6. She said to that man : " I shall never become empress." 7. The sol- diers of this emperor are great giants. 8. That heavy storm broke the tall trees against our castle. 9. The king had bought his little daughter (dat.) a new hat. JO. The old empress was telling the queen (dat.) a clever story, but she did not answer a word. 170 SYNTAX. (d) (Sine efd)td)te. My dear children, I shall tell you a lit- tle story. Every day I go through the big green wood on (an) the shore of our beautiful river. Yesterday I bought a new brown hat, put it on my (use def. art.) head and went with it to the river. I was sitting under a tall tree by the water to read and study. A great storm came and broke the tree (to 'pieces), and my poor new hat fell into the river. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Give the last three sentences of the story in the perfect and past perfect tenses. LESSON XXV. (PAGES 21 26-22 29.) EEVIEW. Senten * once. 128. Exercises. (a) 1. $onnte bet 8ange fern IM ftnben ? 2. 9Ben (whom) f)at er gefe^en? 3. 2Ba# tooCtc er t^un? 4. Sofytn fottte er gefjen? 5. SBarum bitrfte er feme 3tngft Ijaben? 6. SBotlte ber ^dntg if)m Ijelfen, ober lonnte er ntdjt ? (6) 1. Sem 2ftenfrf) fann }ebe^ gute ud) tefen. 2. ^^ lt)erbe einen neuen SRorf laufen miiffen, aber feinen ut. 3. u follteft foldje fd^meren tiefel ntt^t tragen* 4. )ort iDerben U)ir tnand)e fdjonen Stumen fe^en lonnen. 5. 2Ba3 tooKte ^^re gamttte ttjun ? 6. )er cxrme 3 :un 9 e f) ne SS^tftanb iDoIIte fern UtcE fudjett, ntcf)t tt)a^r? 7. SBa^ toerben @te mtt meinen @tiefe(n tljun fbnnen? 8. ajiorgcn rt)erbet tfyr nirfjt in bem arten fptclen bitrfen. 9. J)tc Gutter mu^te bem ^ungen einen neuen 3tod! faufcn. 10. gr tooHtc bie tiefef nit^t tvagen, aber er mnftte e (c) 1. May I go with you now into the forest ? 2. We were not permitted to go through the garden to-day. 3. To-morrow you shall carry beautiful flowers to the castle. 4. I cannot and will not do it. 5. He was obliged to read the old books, wasn't he ? 6. They will come at once in order to buy the young man a black coat. 7. They shall not go out of the house to-day. 8. You could not see the flower; it was too small. 9. No man with sense will want to do that. 10. The children will not be able to play there. PERFECT TENSES OF MODALS. 177 (d) (Sine efcfjtcfyte. A poor old man wanted to find a beautiful white rose. He was not allowed to go into the gar- den, so (alf o) he could not look for it there. " You ought to find it in the wood," said his wife. So he went through the wood and looked and looked for it, but he could not find it. So he had to come to his wife without the white flower. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story also in the pres- ent and future tenses. LESSON XXVIII. (PAGES 26 12-27 19.) MODAL AUXILIARIES PERFECT, PAST PERFECT, AND FUTURE PERFECT. Sernen @te : 3Bie Me Slrfceit, fo ber 8ol)n. )eutfd)e3 jmdjtoort 129. Perfect Tenses of Modals. The perfect and past perfect of the modals are conjugated with fyabett. PRESENT PERFECT. id) Jja&e, bit tyaft, etc., gefomtt, gemu^t, getoollt, etc., I have been able, etc. PAST PERFECT. id) Ijatte, bit Ijatteft, etc., gefomtt, tjemu^t, getuoflt, etc., / had been able, etc. The modal auxiliaries and nine other verbs (ful)tett, feel; t)etJ3ett, bid; fjetfen, help; fyoren, hear; taffen, let or have done ; lefyren, teach ; tenten, learn ; madden, make ; and feljen, see) have two perfect participles, one of which has the same form as the infinitive. This latter form is used only in compound tenses governing a dependent infinitive. The dependent in- 178 SYNTAX. finitive precedes the past participle (with infinitive form) of the modal. PRESENT PERFECT. id) tyflbe f pierett biirfeit, / have been or was permitted to play. bu tyaft fdjreibctt lihtncn, thou hast been or wast able to write er fyat Jerncn faintest, he has been or was able to learn. luir fyaben ftubieren miiffett, we (have) had to study. iljr tyabt arbeiteit miiffett, you (have) had to work. fie Ijabett geljett fallen, they (have) wanted to go. PAST PERFECT. id) Ijatte ftrielett bitrfeu, etc., / had been allowed to play, etc. Conjugate each of the above combinations in full throughout the per- fect and past perfect. The Future Perfect of the rnodals is regular, but rarely used. NOTE. Remember that German often uses the perfect where English employs the past. (See Lesson XI., 59.) (r tyat nid)t fptefen ttjoflen, he didn^t want to play. Meiben mitffett, / was obliged to (had to) stay. 130. Vocabulary. bic 5(r'bett, IV, the work. bic S^ei'fc, bic 6)jeifcn f IV, the bag Ofotrftn!', bic (^etriin'fe, II, the food. drink. bcr Sel'fer, bic XcHcr, I, the plate. bcr eMer f bic ^cl(cr r I, the cellar. ar'beitcit (weak), to work. ber 9Jttniftcr, bic 9)Zittifter, I, the br ou't^ en ( weak), to need, followed, minister (adviser). as in English, by a direct object bcr >rf)3, be3 Ddjfeit, V, the ox. or an infinitive. ber ORot, II, the advice. bcrf'en (weak), to cover; of a table, bcr <2d)itl) f bie 8d)ul)e, II, the shoe. to set. 131. Exercises. (a) 1. at ber cmcje bet bem S5ntg bfetben tniiffen? 2. atte er lefen unb fc^retben !5nnen? 3. at er Wiener PEEFECT TENSES OF MODALS. 179 toerben tooften? 4. 2Ba$ fyat er tljun miiffen? 5. at er ben ZV\ d) gut tragen lonnen ? 6. SBofytn fyar er tntt f einem neuen ifdje geljen tootten ? (6) 1. er neue 3)iintfter l)at bem Sontg gnten 9tat geben tniiffen. 2. $d) fyabe foldje alten cfynfye ntcfyt tragen lonnen* 3. (On fyaft ntdjt in bem Seder arbetten rotten. 4. .gljr Ijabt ben Jif^ mtt @peifen nnb etran!en becfen bitrfen, ntt^t tDafjr ? 5. Sir brandjten feine Steder, nm ben ifdj sn beden* 6. S)te Odtfen be ^nngen fatten in ben gefbern arbeiten miiffen* 7. $dj ^atte in ber S^at^t nidjt burd) ben SBalb ge^en toolten, 8. SBir fatten ben ifdj o^ne bie Seller nnb 9JJef[er ni^t beden lonnen* 9. )ie Sinber fatten f^ielen bilrfen* (c) 1. The servant has been obliged to set the table at once. 2. We have not wanted to work without food, have we ? 3. Thou hast not been abler to wear those new shoes ; they are too small. 4. They have been permitted to go into the cellar to get food and drink. 5. May I wear my new shoes to-day ? 6. You ought to see my new hat ; it is beau- tiful. 7. I need no advice from you, do I ? 8. The girl has been permitted to wear her red hat to-day. 9. We had been obliged to take our food and our plates into the garden. 10. You had not been able to please the minister. (d) (Sine efdjtdjte. The children had wanted to play in the house, but they had not been permitted. But they had been allowed to go into the garden to play there. There they had been obliged to remain under the thick trees ; the sun was so hot. They had wanted to set the little table there, but had not been able to do it. Their mother called them, and they had to go into the house. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story, substituting perfect for past perfect tenses. 180 SYNTAX. LESSON XXIX. (PAGES 27 20-28 27.) MODAL AUXILIARIES SPECIAL USES, IDIOMS. USE o^> goffer Semen te : kid) unb gletdj gefettt fidj gem. )eutf dje$ (Sprtdjtoort Birds of a feather flock together. 132. Special Uses of Modals and taffett. )iirfen, lonnen, muffett, and tootten are used regularly in the meanings already given ; tnogen and [ ottetl have also special uses. (a) SKogen has for cognate the English may, but is usually translated by English like, especially when accompanied by the adverb gem, genie, gladly. Srf) mag gent fittgctt, id) finge gent, / like to sing. Ste bicfe Slumcn ? do you like these flowers ? English may is rendered by bitrfett to denote permission ; by fontten to denote possibility. You may speak, $u iwrfft f^ved)Cttt That may be, ^a fatm feitt* (&) @olfen ; besides its regular meaning of obligation, is often used, especially in the present, to report hearsay, translated is said to. ($r foil fetyr retrf) feut f he is said to be very rich. Sie foil fetyr gut fittgcn, she is said to sing very well. An especially common German idiom is the question, 3Ba$ foff (bentl) ba$? what is the meaning of that ? what do you mean by that ? SPECIAL USES OF MODALS. 181 (c) Saffen in its causative meaning, to have (done), to cause to (be done), is used like the modals. (r fii^t cinen Dforf mactyett, he is having a coat made. jjgtr Ijaben tteue ^ittc laufen (affen, we have had new hats bought. mettt $ttd) Jjoleu laffett ? will you have my book brought ? 133. Vocabulary. gcu'er, bte $euer, I, the fire. laf'feit, (Ifffft) Kef?, gefaffett, o Ze ; b, II, ^e money. causative auxiliary, to have (a $r III, ^e wood. thing) done. bte SiKVc f btc Si^|JCU, IV, ^e Zip. bfmt f adj., &/w.g. ber Sd)nci'tier f bfe Sd)neibcr f I, ^/ie betm f coordinating conjunction tailor. (like nub, Clber, and obcr),/or ; btC Sttt'be, btC tttben, (small) used also to render questions less room, chamber. abrupt, but not translated, j ber 3Sirt f bic SBirte, II, ^e /ios?, tft bcttn the landlord. that f brtn'gett f brarf)te f gcbtadjt (irreg.), IfSf'n^, adj., polite. to bring. 134. Exercises. (a) 1. gBotfte ber SJtrt ben 8angen itber SRa^t btetben taffen? 2. gat ttjm ba^ 3Kabc^en em (a6 guten 9Beine geben miiffen? 3. 2ftod)te ber junge 3Kann ba Sftabdjen gern fe^en? 4. ott bte Softer be SBtrte^ frfjijn fern? 5. mrfte er neben bem a^dbc^en fi^en? 6. at ber SEirt ba^ 0(3 fitr ba gcucr bringen laffcn ? (6) 1. 3d) mag 3to[en unb atfe Slumcn. 2. ^f)re 8ippen fottcn fe()r rot fetn. 3. 2ftagft bu ein marme^ geuer in beinem 3ttnmer ? 4. 9Ba f ott benn ba ? SBaS ^aft bu ba ? 5, SBtr ^abeu e^ ntd)t geme t^uu mogen. 6. Qfy ^attet bem SBtrte ba^ efb bringeu muffen, ui^t rnaljr ? 7. )te 8t|)pen be SBirteS fiub blau gelDorbeu. 8. 3Mefer ftof^e SDtmifter !jat nicfjt fyftfltrf) fetn 182 SYNTAX. ftfnnen. 9. Qd) l)abe mir einen blcmen SRocf madjen taffen. 10. er ^rtnj itrirb ben SBtrt in bie (gtube fomnten laffen, (c) 1. You have not always wanted to be polite. 2. I had to have a new coat made, hadn't I ? 3. The landlord had a fire made out of great pieces of wood (see 105). 4. It is said to be very warm in your little room. 5. That polite tailor is said to have much money. 6. We shall have new, warm shoes made for our boy. 7. Did you want to (write in three ways, using different pronouns) bring that money into my room ? 8. His lips could not get blue; it was too warm. 9. The children had been permitted to bring the landlord the money. 10. The boys had to play in the room ; not in the garden. (d) (Sine @ef d)tcf)te. A proud prince wanted to have a new coat made. He had his tailor come [in order] to speak with him. His landlord shut the door, and did not let the tailor bring the coat. The poor tailor could not see the prince ; he had to remain in the garden. " What do you mean by that ? " said the prince, and he threw the landlord out of the window. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story also in the pres- ent, future, and perfect tenses. LESSON XXX. (PAGES 28 28-30 5.) EEVIEW OF MODALS AND Saffen. GENERAL EEVIEW, 8ernen @te : SSittft bit tmmer better fcfytoeifen? iel), ba$ ute Itegt fo nal), 8erne nur ba IM ergretfen, 5)enn ba$ Iucf ift immer ba, 3ol)ann SBolfgang Don oetlje (1749-1832) REVIEW OF MODALS. 183 135. (1) a. Give the German modals. b. What two ways may English will be translated ? c. Give the ways of trans- lating English may. d. What does ntogen usually mean ? (2) a. What peculiarity have the modals when governing a dependent infinitive ? b. How many perfect participles have the modals ? c. What is the difference in their use ? d. What tense does German sometimes prefer when English uses the past ? e. Give two meanings for f often ; two for (affen ; two for f onnen. 136. Vocabulary. ber ^rim'mel, the sky, heaven. bau'eit (weak), to build. ba3 fitrfjt, bie fiidjter, III, the light. bebeu'tett (weak), to mean, to ber $tor'gett, btc SWorgen, I, the signify. morning. fret, adj.,/ree / of the sky, open. bet (30u'tteitfd)ettt f the sunshine. or bem l)ore fitsen. 8. 8iebe SDhttter, barf id) im arten fpielen? 9. er immel foil frf)one l)ore fjaben. 10. ie $inber fjaben tm SBatbe fpielen bnrfen, aber fie finb in ben tiefen gln gefalten. 11. )nrd) ben SBafb ift ein grower 9tiefe mit trielen SMenern gefommen. 12. u mn^t bie teller anf ben Jifd^ ftetlen, nm va\& bie petfcn 3n geben. 13. 9Bir Pollen ben djneiber fommen taffen, nm nene SRocfe madden jn laffen, 14. )nrfen tnir ^ier nnter freiem immet (iegen, nm in bem onnenfdjein tDarm jn tuerben? 15. $eben SKorgen follft bn beiner $ae eine Jaffe mild) geben. (c) 1. In the (am = an bem) morning we do not need a light- 2. All cats are said to be gray in the night. 3. The proud tailor is said to be rich, for he has had a large house built. 4. We like to sit under (the) open (frei) sky to see the light of the stars. 5. Every morning we had to work in the cellar with the servants. 6. You like to play, but you do not want ' to work. 7. Every cold evening you ought to have a warm fire in your chamber. 8. The children have been permitted to go out of the house, but they have been obliged to remain in the garden. 9. What does that mean? (Write two ways.) 10. You will be obliged to stay in your room, for you did not want to write this exercise. 11. Yes, I wanted to do it to-day, for yesterday I had not been able. 12. To-morrow you shall become free; you will be permitted to go out of the gates of this city. 13. That sentence cannot mean anything (not anything = nirf)t), for I cannot understand it. 14. You muat study it; you ought to be able to read it. 15. This exercise must not get too long or we shall not be able to write it. (d) gine ef(f)icf)te. The old tailor's children had to go to INDEPENDENT POSSESSIVES. 185 (in Me) school to write their exercises. They did not like to work; they wanted to play near a deep river in the wood. One morning (ghieS 2ftorgen3) these pupils were playing in their garden, for they had not been permitted to go to the river. They saw a big brown dog in the wood. They could not catch it, for their father did not want to let them go. So they 'had to run out of the garden without their father. The dog sprang upon a stone in the river, but the boys could not jump (fprmgetl), so they fell into the deep water. The father was very angry, and said, " What is the meaning of this ? " (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story, except the last- eight words, in the present, future, and perfect tenses. LESSON XXXI. (PAGES 30 6-31 19.) PRONOUNS PERSONAL, POSSESSIVE, INTENSIVE. ADVERBS. Sernen @ie : (Sfjret bte grcmen, fie ftedjten unb toebett Dimmttfdje SRofen in$ irbifdje geben. 3ol)cmn gljrtftof griebrirf) toon fitter (1759-1805). Eeview Lessons XVII., XVIII.', and XIX. 138. The Independent Possessive. When used without a noun, (a) the possessive takes the definite article and is de- clined like a weak adjective. The suffix ~tg may also be added; ber (bte, bci$) meitte, or bet (bte, ba$) metntge, mine ; ber (Me, ba$) beine, ber (Me, ba$} beinige, yours, etc. SDIctn SBtttf) ift a(t f ba beiue (betnige) ift ttcu, my book is old, yours is new. SJleine JBii(i)er fittb a(t, bte beinett (beinigen) ftnb ttcu r my books are old, yours are new. 186 SYNTAX. (6) If the article is not used, the possessive takes the end- ings of the strong adjectives. The forms in *ig cannot be used without the article. Wlein 23urf) ift alt, 3tyre3 (ba3 $Ijre, ba3 Sfyrige) ifi tteu, my book is old, yours is new. (Setn SBvubcr ift bet Scorer, meiner (ber meitte, be* meiuigc) ift ber Sdjitler, his brother is the teacher, mine is the pupil. 3d) Ijabe mew Shtdj tyter, aber Soljamt Ijat fewe3 (baS feine, ba3 feitttge) Ucrtuteu, / have my book here, but John has lost his. ter ift Styr $ut, aber metnen (ben meincn f ben nteinigen) tyabe ii^ Iti^t gefuttbett f here is your hat, but mine I have not found. The same rule applies also to em and fein, except that they do not take the suffix -tg, and fein cannot be preceded by the article. Reiner fcott ttyttett fteljt e f no one of them sees it. $>er cine ift nid)t $uf riebeit, one (of them) is not satisfied. 139. The Intensive Pronoun, felbft or felfcer, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, is inde- clinable. It is used for all persons, genders, numbers, and cases. Ste ift fetber gefummctt, she came herself. 295tr fyabeu e^ fetbft gefe^en f we saw it ourselves. (a) elbft may precede its noun. It then means even. Selbft few SBruber liebt il)tt nt(^t f even his brother does not love him. <3te mag felbft bte Dtofen ttid)t f she does not like even roses. 140. Adverbs. The uninflected form of most adjectives is used also as an adverb. $tt btft gut (adj.), you are good. $n fentft gut (adv.), you learn well. tr ift ein l|of(td)et 9ttamt (adj.), he is a polite man. fel)r tybffid) (adv.), he spoke very politely. THE INTENSIVE PRONOUN. 187 141. Vocabulary. ber Stn'aug, Me Stooge, II, the suit Me s JJei'fe, Me $eifett, IV, ^e (o/ clothes}. journey. Me gfe'ber, Me $ebertt, IV, the auf ^ei'fen, abroad, i.e. traveling, feather, pen. not u iw Europe." ba3 grittj'ftiirf, Me $riil)ftitife, II, Me a'fd)e, Me Safefjen, IV, ^e the breakfast / /or breakfast, ^ttttt pocket. $riil)ftttif. Uc'lien (weak), o Zove. bet Sa'ger, Me 3>ager, I, the hunter, f^trf'eu (weak), to send. fdbft, pron., self; adv., even. fatt'0e f adv., a long time, long. 142. Exercises. (a) 1. )er &cmge Ijatte fein titcf tierforen ; toottte ber !St(fe ba^ fetntge fudjett? 2. at er e^ fmben fonnett? 3. at er fetbft in ben 2Ba(b g^^ti miiffen? 4. 2)io(i)te ber ^ciger einen ut mit einer geber baran tragen ? 5. SBoGte ber Sonig felbft eine geber an bem fetntgen ^aben ? 6. Sonnte er einen ariinen ma^en laffen ? (6) 1. ^I)r grut)ftit(f ift ^ter ; ba^ unfrtge ift nod^ nid)t fertig* 2. 5)u ^aft einen nenen 2lnng marfien taffen ; id) mu^ ben meinigen fefijft marf)en. 3. 6r fottte fein $Bni) nafy aufe bringen ; id) I)abe meine^ ^ier. 4. @ein ut ift f^bn, aber ber 3$n$e gefaQt mir and) gut* 5. )er 3^9 er fatte f e ^ 9Keffer felbft ucrlorcn ; feme gran toofftc i^nt ba$ i^rige nic^t geben> 6. $d) ^abe mein gritf)ftit(f in ber afd)e ; e^ ift ein @tfiue(rf)em tocher ttic(d)em In tDa^ fiir etn, only the eitt is inflected. (Sin is of course omitted in the plural. $&a fiir etnen Ofotf l)abett Sic gcf auft ? w/m son o/ a coat have you bought ? 2$a3 fiir SBii^er ftttb bicfc ? what sort of looks are these f 144. Combination of Interrogative and Preposition. When referring to an inanimate object, tDO(r) is used with preposi- tions, instead of ft>d : faction, of what ; to omit, with what ; toorin, in what; etc. (See Lesson XX., 100, 6.) Compare whereof, wherewith, wherein, etc. 145. Vocabulary. bte (Sl'tern (nosing.),^ parents. ba3 293et'ter f bie 2Bctter f I, the Me ul), btc iilje f II, ^6 COM?. weather. bet I)ee, II, ^e ^ea; written also fett'ttett, lanntc, gefannt (irreg.), Xec in the revised spelling. to be acquainted with, to know. 190 SYNTAX. ttie'fen (weak), to sneeze. tteifj, &tt foeifct, er toetfc, ttitt ftecfen (weak), to "stick," to put, toiffett, etc. to thrust. ttwrum', interrog. adv., tofty. ftif'f en, KM^te, gettwfjt (irreg.), to two, interrog. adv., ftow. knowledge o/, to know ; id) too, interrog. adv., where. 146. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Ba$ fitr em ^ager ttar bet SDtde ? 2. SBomtt tnu^te cr nad) aufe gefjen? 3. 2Bofytn Ijat er ba$ @e(b geftedt? 4. Qn toeffen @an^ ift er gelommen? 5. 2Ba^ fitr einen @tatt fatten bte Sit^e ? 6. 9Barnm ^aben bte tener getad^t ? (6) 1. SBer ^at genteft; tDelt^e^ Stnb imr e^? 2. 28a$ fitr SBetter icerben ttnr ntorgen f)aben? 3. SBer fennt betne Qi) tretg nt^t." 4. SBeffen Sn 1 ^ gtebt ^^nen bie fitr 3^rcn XI)ee ? 5. ^rf) nefjme letne 5KU(^ nut enter Staffe X^ee. 6. 3Ba$ ^aft bn in betne Xafcfye geftedt? 7. iffiem tt)ofiten @te etne Xaffe J^ee jnm gritfyftitd: geben? 8. SJfetne Stnber, tf)r fennt enre (SItern fe^r gnt ; baS tnet^ td^. 9. @ic f dnnen ntetne (SItern ntrfjt fennen ; @te ^aben fie nte gefe^en. 10. SBa fitr etne geber l^at er an ben nt ftedfen tDoflen? (c) 1. To whom did he give that old white cow ? 2. Whose books have you there ? 3. Who wants to go with me into the forest to-day ? 4. In which forest did he sleep, and under what kind of a tree? 5. Which horse will you take? 6. What kind of an animal did he buy, and what will he do with it? 7. Why have your parents been obliged to give their cow to the landlord ? 8. Where shall we be able to find such good tea? 9. What kind of books will you give to your sister ? 10. I did not want to know your brother, but he did not know it. DEMONSTRATIVE PBONOUNS. 191 (d) (Sine ef cf)td)te (answer the following questions in German* making a connected story). SBeffen ^Jferb fyatte bet Side ? Datte ber $onig felbft bem )ia$, something, somewhat, some, any (see (e) below). An adjective following is strong and, except ember, always begins with a capital. ute3, something good. efb, some (any} money. anbere^, something else. (6) $rgenb, which is used with some other word to give it a more general meaning : Stgenb jemanb, trrjenb ctncr f some one, any one. Stgenb ctttia^ anything at all. (c) SJJJatl, one, they, people. It is used only in the nominative, and is often best rendered by the passive voice. 9fttm fagt f they or people say, it is said. (ine, cittern, ettten are used for the gen., dat., and ace. of matt. (d) 2ftel)r, more. 9ft etyr elb f more money. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 193 (e) s JMcI)t3, nothing, not am/thing. $Rid)t$ is always used in- stead of a negative and ettoa$. J5Te did not see anything, cr fal) tttd)t3, A following adjective is strong and, except ember, always begins with a capital. k9Hrf)t3 @d)one r nothing beautiful. 9?id)t3 attbere3, nothing else. (/) SBeniger, /ess, /ewer. SBentger elb, Zess money, (g) fiaitter, nothing but, mere. Sauter 0ffc, nothing but gold. (h) The following generally have no inflection, except an $ in the genitive : jebermann, every one, everybody ; {emanb, some one, somebody ; ntemanb, no one, nobody, not anybody. 149. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Bo fag ber 2Btrt unb n?a t^at feme f^bne Stouter ? 2. gattc ber 5Di(Je etlt)a^ ute^ ? 3. at ber SBirt me^r e(b ^aben tDotten ? 4. 9Barum l^at ber -3a^ ttte$ geben* 7. SBtr mdgen gern ettoa^ Sl^ee ^aben ; bie ift lauter SBaffer* 8. @ie tnitffen tDeniger gebern in ^tjrem ute tragen, 9. 3Son ttjcffcn braunem In^uge ^at man gef^rod)en? 10. fo(rf)en gttten IMbc^en etma^ @d^5ne^ geben fonnen. 194 SYNTAX. ' (c) 1. Whose clothes are those (Me) on the little bed ? 2. That is my new gray suit; I had it made yesterday. 3. These children in school must know more than (al$) those in the fields. 4. You cannot say anything (not any- thing =?) bad about any one. 5. One does not give anything good for something bad. 6 : This little cup has good tea, but nothing but water is in the one on the table. 7. One could not see anything beautiful in such thick woods, could one ? 8. Everybody in that room must have something new to learn. 9. Everybody will work in order to have more money, and no one wants to have less. 10. Whose cows are those ? The one in the field is mine ; that in the stall is hers. (d) Sine efcfytdfjte. An old man wanted to come to the city to buy something beautiful for his daughter. He sought everywhere, but he could not find anything (not anything = ?) good. Everybody in the city saw him, but nobody spoke with him. They (write two ways) did not know him. Some one ought to speak to such old men. At evening he had to go home without anything, for he had not been able to find- any- thing (nothing). (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect tenses. LESSON XXXIV. (PAGES 34 19-864.) INFLECTED INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. Semen @te : $em fd)one3 Seben ttrirb gefunben, 3ertegft bu e in ag' unb Stunbetu 28tfl)elm SKiMer (L!794-1827). INFLECTED INDEFINITES. 195 150. Inflected Indefinites. The following indefinites usually take the regular inflection of adjectives : (a) %tt, all 2U( is usually uninflected before bet (demonstrative or arti- cle) or a possessive pronoun : m fetrt (SHitcf, all his luck. 5111 ber Styee, all the tea. Jftit all fcinctt &ittitent, with all his children. 21ft is never inflected weak : All that, ba afleg, not ba atfe. The neuter afte$, used alone, means everything, all. When all is used for whole or entire, the German uses gatl5 : All day, ben gansen Sag. (&) Slnbet, other, different. Another (for one more) is nod) tin : (ttt attberer Sag, some other day. nod) cin Sag, one day more. (c) 33etbe, &o/i, wo : The two friends, Me betben fjremtbe, (d) (Sintg / some; jeb . . . , every, each; meljrer * . . r several. (e) @tn r a, owe, and feitt, ^10, not a, not one, no one, are de- clined like the possessive pronouns. (See Lesson XIX.) Of course em has no plural. (/) SSiet, much, many, and toetttg, little, few, are usually un- inflected in the singular; in the plural they are inflected like other adjectives : Utef eft>, much money ; triefe 23ud)er f many books. citt tticnig, a little ; lucutgc Xagc r few days. 196 SYNTAX. (g) 2Jiandj, man?/, many a (one), fold), such, such a (one), and iDelrf), ichichy besides the regular inflection (given in Lesson XXXII.), are sometimes uninflected, especially in the singular, and always before em. A following adjective is then strong : Sold) fttyiweg ^Better, such beautiful weather. $iand) rote SBInme, many a red flower. 2Be(d) bummer Shtabe, what a stupid boy I (Sold) ein warmer ag, such a warm day. 295eld) etn armcr SDlamt, what a poor man ! (li) )tefer and jener are used for the latter and the former, respectively : The former went, but. the latter stayed at home, Better gittg, after biefer blieb gu 151. Vocabulary. bag SButt'bef, bie SBimbef, I, the bag Sil'ber, silver. bundle. ba Xud), bie Xit^er f III, the cloth. ba $>ittg f bte ^itt0e f II, the thing, fdjau'eu (weak), to look, to gaze. the creature. Dergeffen (Dergiffeft, tjergigt), tier= Me $ar'te f bie Garten, IV, the card. ga f Uergeffeu f to forget. bag ^Saar, bte ^aare r II, the pair; feht, adj.,^^e. ettt paar f two, a couple of, is in- a,att$, adj., all (entire or whole} \ as declinable and does not alter the an adverb, entirely, quite. construction. He went with a gatt^ ttttb gar r adv., emphatic, to- couple of good friends, er ging tally, completely. tnit etn paar gitten greunben. nur f adv., only. 152. Exercises. (a) 1. 3Sannn fonnte ber Qa^r bte ganje Sftadjt ntcf)t f^tafen? 2. 3Ba^ fagte ber 2Birt bent jungen 9ftcmne? 3. at er nod^ etnett Jag bteiben Gotten ? 4. |)at i^m ber SBtrt ein anbereS ^ferb gegeben ? 5. atte er att fetn IM fcerloren ? 6. fonnte ba^ ^ferb t)tet elb niefen ? INFLECTED INDEFINITES. 197 (6) 1. 9l({ ba$ ilber tft in einem anberen 33imbeL 2. >ein SJruber fyat Die! elb, aber ber meinige Ijat nur feljr toenig. 3. 2ftancl) reiser SJfann mag gent att feine armen grennbe tier- geffen. 4. $dj fjnelte Garten ben ganjen Jag mit ein paar anberen grennben. 5. J)u I)aft in bie beiben 33iinbe( gefcfyant ; aber bn fyaft ni(^t S^eue^ ftnben fonnen, 6. @ie ^aben mir meljrere titcfe Jnd) geben tt)o((en r nicfyt tna^r? 7. SBir fatten ba$ at(e ganj unb gar bergeffen. 8. SBoHen @ie mir nod) eine Xaffe 3Wi(d) geben? 9. )Urfen lt)ir einigen grennben ein toenig e(b geben? 10. )er SBirt fott t)iel feine^ itber ^aben ; er fottte bem @d)neiber ein ^aar tucfc geben, nm nod) einen 2lnng madjen jn taffen. (c) 1. Will you lay a couple of cards on this little table ? 2. They had drunk several cups of tea, but I gave them another. 3. You did not have much money to buy the cloth. 4. Your friend and my brother had to go to the same school and have the same books. 5. The latter is always praising his teachers, but the former does not like to go to school. 6. We looked all day toward the palace, but we did not see anybody (not anybody = ?) there. 7. Many a rich man has lost everything here. 8. This king has more soldiers but less money, hasn't he ? 9. You ought not to forget all the things in that bundle. 10. Somebody must go with this little boy through the woods. (cT) (Sine efd)id)te* All day the two old women had car- ried their heavy bundles. Many other women had seen them, but nobody had been willing to help them. Everybody had had to do something else (anbere$) The one with a cloth over her (use def. art.) head had had several things in her bundle, but the other had had more. They had looked into 198 SYNTAX. their bundles and had both been very contented, for every- thing in them had become nothing but gold. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, past, future, and perfect tenses. LESSON XXXV. (PAGES 36 5-87 20). REVIEW OF ALL PRONOUNS EXCEPT THE RELATIVE. 8enten @ie : )er grofyfinn gletdjt ber Hetnen 33tene, 3)te cmf Me 33 lumen nieberfinft tlnb taumelnb burd) Me fitften )ufte en |)ontg nitr unb nte bte tfte 2lu$ jungen $fumenle(d)en trtntt* -Sltga (L (L t)on ber SRcdc (1754-1833). 153. (1) a. Give all the German translations of mine, yours, hers, theirs, b. How do these differ in English from my, your, her, their ? c. Give the rule for the independent use of ettt and fem. d. Give the two uses of felbft. e. Have German adverbs a form different from adjectives ? (2) a. What are the German interrogative pronouns ? b. How do they combine with prepositions ? c. What other combination with prepositions have you learned ? (3) a. What peculiarities has an adjective following ettoa$ or nt(f)t$? b. Give two translations for the two brothers. c. How are other and another expressed in German ? 154. Vocabulary. bet eneral', bte @ettera'le f II, the ber noj)f f bte nityfe, II, the but- general, ton. bte attb r bie aitbe f II, the hand. ber 9fttt'tag f bte 9ftittage, II, noon. REVIEW OF PRONOUNS. 199 fcer Snef, Me a3 au3, bag Oddje3) id) gefauft Ijabe, the house which I have bought. $>er Sftantt, ben (toeldjen) id) Icnnc, the man whom I know. $>er djneiber, fcet toeldjem id) tooljite, the tailor with whom Hive. (c) SBer and tt>a (see Lesson XXXII.) are both used as in- definite compound relatives, meaning he who, whoever, that which, whatever, what : 2Ber leinc gfreunbe Ijut, ift arm, he who has no friends is poor. 3d) tyabe getljau, ina^ it^ tfyiw fomttc, I have done what I could. (d) SBa is also generally used as a relative after neuter adjectives and neuter pronouns : $d) 0ebe bit ba3 SBefte, ttJa^ id) l)abc f I give to you the best that I have. (r Ijatte nid)t3, ttJa^ id) Ijabcn tooflte, Tie Tia^ nothing that I wanted. (e) When referring to an inanimate* object, ft)o(r) is used with prepositions instead of a relative pronoun: lr>0t>0tl, of ivhich ; tporm r in which ; toottttt, with which ; lt)of itr, for which' etc. (Compare 100, b and 144.) (/) The relative is never omitted in German as in English. The house I bought, $>a3 $tw3, ba3 id) gefrntft Ijabe, Jfte maw j/ow saw?, $>er 931atttt f ben @ie gefe^en tyabetu (g) A comma always precedes the relative clause in German. (h) When the antecedent is first or second person, it is repeated directly after the relative, and the verb agrees with it. 202 SYNTAX. l who did this, id), ber id? bie3 getljatt Ijabe. You who know that, bit, ber bu ba3 ttict^t* If the antecedent is not repeated, the verb is in the third person. 3d), bet bie3 gctljatt tyat, /wAo did this. $>u, ber ba3 157. Dependent Order. In the dependent order, the verb, or in the case of the com- pound tenses the auxiliary, stands at the end of the clause, This order is used only in dependent clauses. These are introduced either by a relative pronoun or by a subordinating conjunction (bd, toeit, ft)0, etc.). Illustrations: All the preced- ing examples in this lesson. 158. Vocabulary. bcr SBau'er, bic 25auent, IV, the bebecTen, beberfte, bebcrft (weak), farmer, peasant. to cover. bic (r'be, IV, the earth; twf erffaren (weak), to explain. (Srbett, on earth. foft'CU (weak), to cost. ber gety'fer, bie gel)ler f I, the mis- to'ten (weak), to kill. take, blunder. J)Ctf?, a( lj., hot- ber Offei'ter, bie $eiter, I, the franl, adj., sick. rider. pfoij'ttd), adv., suddenly. fd)(ed)t, adj., bad. 159. Exercises. (a) 1. 3SaS erHarte i^m ber 3Kann, ber bort ftcmb ? 2. tl)at ber better, rtcld^cr auf bem [t^onen ^Jf erbc rttt ? 3. fagte ber mmme bem 2Wanne r bem er ben @acE gegeben 4. Sa$ t^at ba ^Pferb, ipelcfyeS man t^m gegeben ^atte? 5. (gagte er cttt)a bem Saner, ber ba ^5ferb fing? 6. SBer mar e^ r beffen nf) ber Snmme i DEPENDENT OEDEE. 203 (6) 1. SBittft bit bie gef)fer erfiiiren, Me id) gemadjt Ijabe? 2. )er Saner, toeldjjer ben 9teiter faf), tmtrbe plo^lid:) Irani. 3. )a3 $ferb, beffen better fo l)ei fd)ien, loftete Diet e(b. 4. ier ift ba an3, tt>e(d)e id) fccrlanfen toil!. 5. (r tragt ben 9?oerfcf)ftnmben ; 3Ba$ &erfd)totttbet, ift fcin liid Subnrig cfjnabel (1792-1860). 160. Vocabulary. ettt, btc IBeitte, II, ^e Zegr. ba 8c^ttJetn, btc S^tueiuc, II, iAe e ^BU^C, II, the lightning. pig, hog. ber S3ufd) f bte SBiifdje, II, the bush, ba^ tttt'gliicf, II, the misfortune. bet @d)itt'!en, btc 6rf)itt!ett f I, ^e bie 25?urft, btc SSiirftc, II, the sau- ham. sage. bcr 8d)Iag, btc 6(^Iagc f II, ^e trci'bctt, tncb f gctricbcn, stroke, the blow. 161. Exercises. (a) 1. SSarum ift ber 33auer fo fd)neft auf ba^ ^ferb j^rungcn ? 2. 3Ba3 t^at bie Su^ r tt)eld)e er bem Sumrnen gab ? 3. Sa$ tDottte ber SKann, ber ba3 @(^lDein trieb ? 4. 3Baritm gab bie ^itl) feine WRltf) me^r? 5. SBar fie totrfltd) (rea%) t)iet gu alt? 6. 2Ba^ it)ot(te ber Dummc au bem d)it)eine (6) 1. @ ift bie Gutter be^ @(^uter^ r bie ba^ SSntf) f)at. 2. ^ti ber lleinen @cf)ufe toar ein guter 8eljrer, ber eine rote 9?ofe ^atte. 3. SBir loben bie emitter nit^t, bie nidjt diel lernen. 4. e^ft bu im 3Sinter in ben arten, ber bem el)rer gel)ort ? 5. aben @ie ber Softer be^ 9Kanne eine lange Slnfgabe? DEPENDENT ORDER. 205 6. )er @a, toelcfyen ba SJftabdjen lieft, ttrirb fefyr lang, nicfyt toafyr ? 7. )a SBetter, toetcfyeS ttrir tm ontmer tjaben, twrb tDcirm toerben, 8. SBtr fyaben Me $ferbe gefefjen, bie ba$ SBaffer getrnnfen fyaben, 9. )er Huge 3^9^ ber ein Sefebnd) in ber anb Ijatte, mar nad) anfe gegangen. 10. ie grau, beren Stub ben (Stmer genommen fjat r ^at bie Jt)itr ber iltte gefc^Ioffcn* 11. Dcr Saner toottte ba^ @(^iDein mit Dielen (Sc^tagen in ben nfd) treiben, 12. er -Saner ^at ba$ ( getdtet, nm SBitrfte nnb @d)tnfen cffen jn Idnnen. 13. )er treibt man^e Sinber in^ ou^, bie gern im 935albe bleiben mdgen* 14. 3ftan i(t, tua^ man i^t r fagt ein bentft^e^ @pri(^^ tt)ort 15. ( ift fein Ungliid, ein djtoein bnrt^ bie Sitf^e treiben jn mitffen. 16. 3)te @d)(age be^ Saner^ ^aben bem armen @(f)tnein ba^ 53ein jerbro^en, (c) 1. Have you a teacher who is good ? 2. The chairs, which we had in the school, were small and red. 3. The winter is the time of the year which we praised. 4. My brother had gone into the city to find his dog, hadn't he ? 5. The exercise about which (ftornber) you asked me was get- ting very long. 6. A lamb, which had come out of the wood, was drinking in the river. 7. You who write so beautifully must teach me this exercise. 8. You will not understand the sentence that I shall read to you. 9. The girl who will fetch the water must take a pail. 10. The fisherman has eaten the fish that he caught in the river. 11. The lightning is very beautiful, but I do not like it. 12. One cannot drive a pig without blows. 13. Do you like to eat sausages and ham ? 14. Any one who has to drive a pig through the bushes will have great misfortune. 15. The lightning drove us out of the bushes in which we were staying, but we did not go home. 206 SYNTAX. LESSON XXXVIII. (PAGES 40 23-42 u.) CONJUNCTIONS. DEPENDENT ORDER (continued). REVIEW OF LESSONS XVI.-XXV. Semen ie : a Heine SBortdjen -JJhtfj u 3ft bod) oon alien Stiffen, ie 3ftenfd)en InadEen milffen, S5ie -gubnng 33ecf)ftein (1801-1860). 162. Conjunctions. (a) The Coordinating Conjunctions mtb, and; aber (attetn, fon* bent), but; benn, for; and ober, or, do not affect the order. They are used in compound sentences. Qd) lam unb er ging nacf) aufe, I came and he went home. & muft fommen, ober trf) irerbe nat^ au[e ge^en, he must come or I shall go home. (>) Subordinating Conjunctions are followed by the dependent order (see 157). They are such words as toett, because ; ba, as; afe, when, etc., and are used in complex sentences, ^rf) fam, toett er nad) an[e gtng f I came because he went home. @r mn lommen, n)ei( (or ba) id) nad) au[e ge^en tDtff, he must come because I want to go home. (c) Conjunctive Adverbs, such as atfo, so, accordingly ; bod), yet, etc., are followed by the inverted order when they intro- duce a clause (see 90). Qfy fam ; alfo ging er nadj aufe, / came, so he went home. $$ tnodjte gern bleiben ; bodj tt)ill id) nad) anfe ge^en, I should like to stay, but I shall go home. CONJUNCTIONS. 207 \ 163. Vocabulary. ba3 <0rf, bie ^tirfer, III, the ml- faff en (weak), to seize, grasp. lage. fdjrei'eu, fdjne, gefdjrieett, to cry bie an3, bte anfe, II, ^e #oose. out. bte 6ft)nl'ter, bie djuftertt, IV, the bud), conjunctive adverb, yet. shoulder. erft, ./zrsZ (/or the first time}, just ; bet 3aI)U, bic Bafytie, II, ^e tooth. not until (then or now}, usually beget/nett (weak) (fein), with the with another adverb. dative, to meet. toeif, subordinating conj., because. bei'fcett, bif, gebiffeit, to bite. too, relative adv., where. 164. Exercises. (a) 1. ab ber )nmme bem 3a3 l)atte er ? (6) 1. $)te Sa^c fag auf bem Xifc^e, mofjin ^^r @o^n fie getegt Ijatte. 2. a ^Jfcrb gef)drt bem grcunbc be^ ^rinjen, tt)ctl ber Sfintg e^ tljm gegeben I)at. 3. grft ^eute ift er nat^ v^aufe gelommen ; alfo lonnte id) e i^m nit^t geben. 4. er $nabe ritt urn ba djloft bur^ ben SBalb, bod) I)at er niemanb gefe^en, 5. n mn^t i^m banfen, benn er Ijat bir gefjolfen. 6. T)ie olbaten fjaben ben ^naben anf ba3 Sett be rafen getegt ; alfo ^at er gnt gef^tafen. 7. SBir riefen, aber il)r Ijdrtet ntd^t, lueil ifyr am gnbe be^ getbe^ mart. 8. ^n jcncm atten nrme fte^t ber J^ron eine^ groften 9?iefen, n?e(d)er nnfev Saifer tterben tt)irb. 9. n fdjeinft nidjt gtit(f(id) r tt)eit bir bein alter 33ater feinen nenen nt gef'auft I)at. 10. SBoHen @ie biefem alten gifc^er Jene efd)id)te fcom gro^en @tnrme er ( ^af)Ien ? 11. ^m orfe bin ic^ einem 3ftabd)en begegnet, ba^ 208 SYNTAX. etne cm$ auf ber coulter trucj. 12. aft bit gefd)rteen, toetl btrf) em nnb gebtffen l)at? 13. 9Mn, ber nnb fyat nticf) mit ben ,3af)nen flefafct, bod) I)at er mid) ntdjt gebtffen, 14. @rft ntorgen toerben totr totffen, toofytn tinr gefyen follen. (c) 1. My little son stood in our room. and threw his knife and his spoon through the window. 2. Our old friends live in a couple of little rooms, because it pleases them. 3. To-morrow we shall ride with many servants into the castle. 4. That new knife that I bought for a little money will not cut any- thing. 5. That beautiful glass has fallen from the table where (toorjin) you set it. 6. Hard exercises make good pupils, because they have to work in order to learn them. 7. You never saw such beautiful trees, yet you do not seem contented. 8. I did not hear that long story you told. 9. That new hat you bought for me cost much too much. 10. That poor child stayed in bed and cried all night because it had lost its little bird. 11. (The) geese have no teeth, yet a goose seized that boy to bite him. 12. He cried out and ran toward the village where he lived. 13. In front of his house he met his father, who had come home just yesterday LESSON XXXIX. (PAGES 42 15-448). .DEPENDENT ORDER FOR MODALS. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXVI.-XXX. 8ernen @te : Syrum frofjUcf) in ben $ampf t)tnein ! 9Ber ftegen totfl, mnft fterben ftinnen. Qa, foil ba$ 8eben recfjt gebetfj'n man bent obe and) ttmS gonnen. (1816-1872). DEPENDENT OEDEE FOE MODALS. 209 \ 165. Modals in Dependent Sentences. In the dependent order in simple tenses, the modals stand at the end of the clause, just like other auxiliaries. In a compound tense of the modal, when there is a dependent infinitive, the personal auxili- ary (f)dben or toerbett) stands just before the rest of the verb phrase (" two infinitives "). That is the man who wanted to buy my horse, bfl ift bet SW&Ktt, bet rncin ^Sferb Ijat faufen ttiolleu. Here is an exercise you will have to write, Ijiet ift eitte 2lttfjjabe, bie btt twtft fdjtetben ntiiffen. NOTE. In translating two or more infinitive forms at the end of a clause, alwaj's begin at the end, then take the one next to the end, then the third from the end. 3d) Ijabe end) fptelett Ijorett fimnen, I was able to hear you play. 166. Vocabulary. bet &nity'pcf, bie &nitypef, I, the tau'djeu (weak) , to smoke. club. tatt'3en (weak), to dance. bte Sen'te (pi.), the people. befom'men f befant, Iicfommett f to bie SWufif, the music. get, receive, as distinguished from jw3'ttjettbtg f adv., by heart. tyofen, to go and get, to fetch, and ftl, conj., when (always with past toerbett, to get, in the sense of time). become. 167. Exercises. (a) 1. 28te fyatte ber umme bie cm$ belommen ? 2. SBofite er bie ati$ f iir ben fittitppel geben ? 3. ^arn er ju bemfelben SBtrte, tt>o feme 35ruber getnefen toaren? 4. 3Ba$ bat^te ber 9Strt r al^ er ben mtmnen fa^ ? 5. anjte er tm ^itnmer, too bie 2ftuftf tear ? 6. SKit toem f)at er getanjt ? (6) 1. 28ir burfen nttfjt au^ bem Sanbe (jefyen, bot^ mitffen unr unfer (ltd fudjen. 2. U)u fannft ntd)t fo bumm fein. 3. Qdj mag gern meinen neiten 9?ocf tragen, aber id) barf e$ nic 210 SYNTAX. 4. )te betben ^nngen toottten bort mit ifyren 33Inmen fpieten, bodj burften fie nidjt. 5. )er iener. fyat ben ifdj betfen muff en, toett er ntdjt fyat arbeiten Pollen, 6. SBtr brandjen bie peifen nidjt, bte bit in ben Seller Ijaft tragen mitffen. 7. Der 2Sirt nutate ba$ ^ferb bringen, ate ber Jlonig e3 faufen mottle. 8. 2lte a He @terne fc^ienen, ftanben bte JI)ore be3 ^immel{< offen (see Lesson XVIII., 90, (3)). 9. Site bte 8eute nad) aufe gingen, n^oHten fie atte tanjen, 10. er ^3rtnj I)at ben (Scfynetber lontmen laffen, inetl er etnen nenen Slnjug ^at madjen faffen tuoHen, 11. 3)te armen 8ente l^aben nidjt tanjen lernen fdnnen. 12. J)etn 9Sater lt)trb bid) ntcfyt rant^en fel)en tt)oHen, 13. Sir fyaben bie Sonigin fingen fyoren bitrfen* 14. !Dn ttrirft S)entfd) lefen lernen ntitffen, (c) 1. In the broad way must be many stones. 2. (The) fortune cannot make me too rich. 3. When the young man wanted to wear his new coat, he was not permitted (bnrfte). 4. We will go there at once in order to dance and hear the music. 5. This week you have not been able to work, yet I saw (use perf.) you play (ing) yesterday. 6. The people had to fetch food and drink (use pi.) when they wanted to set the table. 7. You will have to get new shoes in order to dance well. 8. The landlord is said to be very rich, because he has had many new suits made. 9. The tailor was said to be too proud; he did not like to make the clothes. 10. The people in the little room could not see the fire smoke. 11. You wanted to go home where you could see the people dance. 12. We could not get our new clothes, because we had to go into the city. 13. When the prince wanted to ride through the gate, the servants could not open it. 14. The children who have been permitted to go out of the house have been obliged to remain in the garden. BE VIEW. 211 LESSON XL. (PAGES 44 9-45 26.) EEVIEW OF LESSONS XXXI.-XXXVL Semen tc anStoenbtg : Die Oftenfdjen, Me bie $htf)e fucfjen, Me finben ^htfye nimTrtermefyr, 23ett fie bte fthtlje, bte fie fudjen, in (Site jagen t)or fid) fyer. -SBttyelm SUHittcr (1794-1827). (Observe the use o/btc #s article, relative, and demonstrative.) 168. (1) a. Name the relative pronouns in German, b. How do they combine with prepositions? c. What is used as a rela- tive after neuter adjectives and neuter pronouns ? d. Name the indefinite compound relatives. (2) a. What punctuation precedes the relative in German ? b. May the German relative be omitted, as in English? c. How is the relative for the first or second person used ? (3) a. What word order follows the relative? b. Name and illustrate the other word orders, c. What kind of con- junctions are followed by the same order as the relative ? d. How do compound tenses of the modals in dependent clauses differ from compound tenses of other verbs so used ? 169. Vocabulary. iw3 $>ad), bte $>arf}er r III, the roof. tyou'ten (weak), to howl. fcer aft, bte afte f II, the guest. ftet'gen f ftteg f gefttegen (fein), to bte U'fe, the help. climb. ba3 Wlai, bie 9Wa(e f II, the time. faum, adv., hardly. ettt'mal, once. (attt f adj., loud ; adv., aloud. 5tt)ei'maf, twice. frf)ttwd) f adj., < weak. bet Ofiiirf'en, bte 9ftttcfett f I, the back, ftarf, adj., strong. tot, adj., dead. 212 SYNTAX. 170. Exercises. (a) 1. 3Ba tljat ber Snitypel, ate ber SBtrt tyn naljm? 2. eutte ber SSirt feljr tout? 3. 2Sa3 gab er bem )ummen? 4. SBarum finb feme 33ritber auf ba 3)ad) geftiegen ? 5. aSarum mute ber umme $onig toerben? 6. ginben @ie iljn fefyr bitmm? (6) 1. er ^ciger, toeldjen id) auf 9?eifen I)abe ft^idcn mitffen, fonnte gut fc^teBen. 2. (gte braut^en nic^t ju ge^eu, ba fann id) felber t^un 3. )er Slujug be^ ^ager^ fjat t)te(e Safdjen, ber meiutge Ijat nur lt)euige 4. SBa^ fitr Seute fofieu il)re glteru fern ? 5. >a iDet^ id) utc^t ; id) lenue Me beiben uidjt. 6. SBeffen Slu^ug ift berjenige, meldjer auf bem ^Bette Itegt ? 7. SKau I)at uu^ etlt)a^ Sicucd eqafylt, ma^ uu^ gefallt* 8. SBer ade^ t)at r lauu nid)t mefyr iriiuf^eu, 9. @m anbere^ 2)M lt)erbe id) nocf) eiue SEaffe Zfyt trinleu, iDeil er fo gut ift* 10. aonc^ ftarfer aft t)at an jeuem ifc() gefeffeu. 11. Site lt)tr t)om J)ac^e fieleu, tDo^tn t))ir geftiegeu toaren, I)euftett tt)tr taut, 12. er ftar!e 9?iefe l^at mandje 8eute r bie fd)lDac^ it)areu,.auf bem SRiiden getragen. 13. S)er eueral ^at bie fc^Ic^tcn r, bie er gemadjt I)at, nii^t fcergeffen lonuen. 14. Qfy nad) red)t uub Hute gefdjaut ; plotstid) fa 1 ^ ic^ biefen Steiter. 15. a^ finb bie @ade, t^oriu man alt bie Snopfe f)at* (c) 1. He cried a long time because he could not open the bag. 2. That hunter's hat has a feather in it; I must put one in mine. 3. You did not want to know him, but I did not know it. 4. What do they say of (toon) all these things ? 5. This is the one who has forgotten all he knew. (See Lesson XXXVI., 156, d and /.) 6. Somebody told me something about (Don) that old farmer. 7. Everybody knows several mistakes that you have made. 8. The two INSEPARABLE VERBS. 213 boys found another child in the garden, yet they would not play with him. 9. Many a poor man has no clothes to wear. 10. In (bet) such cold weather many people have to sit about the fire all day. 11. The weak boy who climbed upon the roof, fell into the garden. 12. He was not dead, because he could howl so loud. 13. Who wishes [for] everything, is to get nothing. 14. We could not open the door of the house in which the farmer lived. 15. What a stupid boy i* the one who cannot explain his mistakes ! LESSON XLL (PAGES 47 9-4829.) SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE VERBS. Semen , mt.fi*> tier-, set>, and usually itbeix (&) Inseparable verbs differ from other verbs in only one way they never take the prefix ge* for the past participle. In this they resemble verbs in *teten (see Lesson V., 26, a). tt, ersatjlte, ersatjlt ; fcerfteljeit, toerftattb, toerftauben* Synopsis of Inseparable Verbs. WEAK. STRONG. Pres. id) ersdfyle, / tell. it!) t>ctfte^c f / understand. Past. id) crsaljlte, / told. id) toerftanb, / understood. Fut. id) mctbc ersaljlett, I id) toerfce t)crfte^en f / shall under* shall telL stand. 214 SYNTAX. Perf. id) tyabe er$al)ft f / have id) Ijabe tJerftanbett, / have under- told. stood. Past Perf. id) tyatte ersaljft, / &ad id) tyatte Uerftanbcit, / had under- told. stood. Fut. Perf. id) ttierbc er$aJ)lt Ijaben, id) toerbe toerftanbeit tjabett, / I shall have told. have understood. Conjugate each tense in full. 172. Separable Verbs (Jrentl'bare gtit'ft'Mw'). All other prefixes are separable. Separable verbs have the following peculiarities : (a) The prefix always takes the accent, as in English : pick up', take down 1 . an'fangen, ftng an', att'gefangen, to begin. (b) With simple tenses in independent clauses the prefix is put at the end of the clause. 3d) fange Ijeute mtt fciefer 3(rbcit an, / begin with this work to-day. $u ftngft geftern mtt bctncr 5tufgabe an f you began with your exercise yesterday. (c) In compound tenses and dependent clauses the prefix is attached to the verb. ^ftorejett luirb er an'fcwgett, to-morrow he will begin. Saljft bu, too tint an'ftitgett ? did you see where we began ? (d) The signs ju of the infinitive and ge of the perfect par- ticiple are put between prefix and verb. SBtmtm ttmttfd)t iljr ntdjt nu^ufangeit ? why don't you want to begin 9 Sie Ijabeit fc^r gut an'gcfangett, they have begun very well. NOTE 1. Separable verbs are very common in German. In translating a printed or written sentence it is always well to look toward the end for a separable prefix. They are usually prepositions, and in the first sixty- six pages of this book they are marked with a small circle. NOTE 2. When two verbs mean the same in German and one is sepa- \$EPAEABLE VERBS. 215 rable, Germans usually prefer to use this. Thus, while 3d) fjabe bie $ufgabe begontteit, and 23ttte, tt)otten @ie ba3 genfter bffnen ? are perfectly correct, a German is more likely to say, 3d) fyabe bie 5lufgabe angefangen, and $itte, toolkit @ie ba3 gettfter aufmadjen? 173. Conjugation of Separable Verbs. anfangen, to begin. PRESENT TENSE. SYNOPSIS. id) fange an Pres. id) fange an btt fangft an Past. id) ftng an er fangt an Fut. id) ttierbe anfangen ttiir fangcn an Perf. ir^ J)abe angefangen iljr fanget an Past Perf. id) ijattc angefangen fie fangen an Fut. Perf. id) toerfce angefangen l)aben Conjugate each tense throughout in full. In like manner conjugate art'faffen, fagte an', an'gefagt, to seize; aitf'mat^en, madjte anf, aitf'ge- madjt, to open; toei'tergefyen, ging ttJei'ter, tt)et r tergegangen, to go on farther. 174. Vocabulary. foa SBier, bie S5iere f II, the beer. anf'madjen, ma^te anf f anfgemad)t f * the meat. to open. f bie S0lard)en f I, ^e fangen or Ijangen (^angt) f ^ing f ge= fairy tale. l)angen f to hang, to be suspended. Me^Jlan^ bie SJlanfe, Il,*^e mouse. n>ei'tetgel)en f ging ttieiter f tteiter= an'fangen (fangt an')r ftg an, an- gegangen (fetn), to go on or far- gefangen, to begin. ther. an'faffen f fa^te an, angefaftt, to nnn f adv., well, used as exclama seize, take hold of. tion at beginning of a sentence, an'fomnten, fant an, angelommen followed by a comma and the (fein), to arrive. Normal Order ; otherwise, now. e'fye, sub. conj., before. 175. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Bte fangen atte 2Kar.(^en an? 2. SBot)on eqa^lt btefe ef(^td)te? 3. Q ft ber 3J?ann in bem 9Ba(b anaelomnten ? 216 SYNTAX. 4. 3ft er toeitergegangen, ober fyat er bort ettt>a$ gefunben? 5. at ber 23oge( angefangen, feme efdjtcfyte 511 erjafylen? 6. 3Ba3 t)at ifym ber 2?oge( geben tootten ? (6) 1. gr fing an, em 3ftard)en 311 erjaljlen, nid)t toaljr? -2. 9?nn, bu fyaft ba3 genfter angef aftt ; toirft bu eS anftnacfyen ? 3. .^cl) macfyte bie l)itr auf ; bann gtng icf) Better. 4. 5ftun, ii)ir (jaben ba^ tittf gleif^ gegeffen, ba^ in jenem Dimmer l)tng. 5. 3^ ^ a ^ e ^ a ^ U( ^) ^^^foren ober toergeffen, tneldje^ bu mtr geftern Derfauft ^aft. 6. gl)e fie anfittg, bie Jfjur aufjuma^en, ift er cmgefommetL 7. 9tun, ge^eti ie fteiter, e^e ^^r greunb anfommt? 8. )ie SKaufe fatten angefangen, ba$ gfeifd^ ^u jerreipen, e^e rtrir e fatten anfaffcn lonnen. 9. )ie 8eute merben angefangen fyaben anjnlommen, e^e wiv tueitergegangen fein toerbetu 10. Qfy fange an, biefe a^e gu Derftel)en, efje ic^ mein 53ud) anfmat^e, um fie jn lefen, (o) 1. They will have gone farther before you arrive. 2. She has begun to tell them that beautiful fairy story. 3. Before we arrived they began to eat the meat and drink the beer, didn't they? 4. Are you opening the window in order to let your coat hang in -the sun ? 5. The mouse seized the meat to tear it, but the cat arrived before it (the mouse) began. 6. Shall I open the door for you ? 7. You began that fairy tale before we arrived. 8. We are opening the door in order to go farther. 9. Before they arrive you must let us begin to tell that story. 10. You must begin to understand these sentences before we go farther. (d) gine efd)id)te (use perfect tense). Yesterday I wanted to make a little ship (ba @d)tff). Well, I seized a piece of wood that lay on the table and began to cut it. But my knife fell out of the window and I lost it. Before I could go far- s COMMON PREFIXES. 217 ther my brother arrived. He opened the door suddenly and began to tell me a fairy story. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, past, future,* and past perfect, changing yesterday to to-day and to-morrow. LESSON XLII. (PAGES 49 1-50 16.) SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE VERBS (continued). 8enten @te cmSttenbtg : gef)t e$ Io$, now it is going to begin (familiar), f (idt mtr gar ntdjt em, 7 haven't the least idea (of doing that). 176. Meaning of Prefixes. The meaning of most inseparable prefixes is hard to define. In general mtj}- equals mis-; jet* means to pieces, and eni> denotes separation. The others vary. tJerftetyett, to understand; mi^'Dcrfteljett, to misunderstand. brcdjcu, to break; 5erbred)Ctt f to smash, to break to pieces. fauf en, to run ; entlaufett, to run away. The separable prefixes usually have their literal meaning : ftetyctt, to stand ; aufftefyctt, to stand up, get up. bredjett, to break ; abbredjett, to break off. laufen, to run ; tteglaufen, to run away, to escape. 177. Common Prefixes. The four prepositions, buttf), liber, Utn, and unter are sometimes separable, sometimes inseparable. (a) They are inseparable when used in a figurative meaning, or one not exactly literal. The verbs are usually transitive, have fydbetl as auxiliary, take the accent on the root of the verb, not on the prefix, and do not take ge in the perfect participle. 218 SYNTAX. ftberge'ljett, Merging', iibergan'gen (fyabett), to omit, skip. 2Bir toerben bicfe Seite iiberge'Ijett, we will skip this page. SBir Ijabeu biefe Seite itbergan'geu, we have skipped this page. unterfyal'tett, uuterljielt', uuterfyaft'eit (fyaben), to entertain. @ie unterljalt' tuele gfreunbe, she entertains many friends. ie Ijat Iriele gfreunbe uttterljal'teu, she entertained many friends. burdjret'feit, burdjrcift'e, twrdjreifi' (t)abett),o travel over, to "do.'* 3d) bur^rci'fc ^cntfd)(anb jcbcu 6ommcr f I travel all over ("do") Germany every summer. 3d) tyabe $>eutfd)tottb (e^tctt Summer burd)reift' f / "did" Germany last summer. umge'Ijett, umging' f umgatt'gen f to avoid, evade. Sic umge'Ijett biefe3 @efe^ f ^e?/ evade this law. @ie Ijaben biefe3 ^Jefe^ umgau'gen f they evaded this law. (b) They are separable when both prefix and verb are used in their natural meaning. The verbs are often intransitive, take the auxiliary of the simple verb, and have the accent upon the preposition, as in the case of all separable verbs. 3d) fcije meineu SBtHen iwrd), 7 carry out my purpose, put through my will. ($r ift ii'bcrgefaljren, he crossed over. Wad) einer 2BeUe feljrten twr um f after a while we turned round. $ie Sontte ift un'tergegangeu, the sun has set. (c) When used regularly with a simple verb, these four prepositions look like separable prefixes. Hence they are often so called, and the principal parts of the verbs are so given. Compare the examples below with those under (a) above. fitycrgetyeit, ging ii'ber, u^bergegtittgett (fetn), to go over. 3d) getye iibcr ba i$tto r I go over (across) the jield. 3d) bin iiber baS gelb gegaugen, / went across the Jield. COMMON PREFIXES. 219 utt'terljattett, Ijteft un'ter, mt'tergeljaltett (fyaben), to hold under. (r fyalt bie ai?e ttutcr bem Xifdje, he holds the cat under the table. (r tyat bie $a^e miter bem Xifdje getyaltett, he held the cat under the table. burdj'mfen, reifte burd)', bttrd)'flereift (fein), to travel through. S95ir reifen burd) ^eutfdjltwb, we travel through Germany. Btr finb burd) ^)etttfd)(anb geretft r toe traveled through Germany. um'geljett, gtng nm', um'gegangett (jetn), ^o ^o around. ^ic geljcn um ben 28rtlb, you are going around the wood. Sic ftnb urn ben 28alb gegangcn, you went around the wood. 178. m and er. All verbs of motion are commonly com- pounded with fytn or fyer to denote direction of motion. in always means away from the speaker, fyer toward the speaker. $>a ge!)t er ^in f there he goes (away from here) . SBoHett 8tc ^cr (or tyterljei') lommen ? toi'W you come here f ^iwttctt (Bie l|erauf!ommen ? ca?i yow come up (here}? 3d) faun itidjt l)tttattfgc^ett f I can't go up (there}. itt unb ^er means here and there, hither and thither. (r Kef Ijttt Wttb tyer, he ran hither and thither. SBo means where (rest) ; tooljui' means where to, whither ; r' means where from, whence. 179. Vocabulary. ber ggitnfdj, bie S93itttfrf)e f II, the iiberfet'5ett f iiberfe^'te, iiberfe^t' f to wish. translate. burd)blat'tertt f burt^blat'terte f iiber5ett'geu f iiber5eu^'te f iiber= burd)b(at'tert f to skim over, run ^eitgt', to convince. through (of a book). umar'mett, itmarm'te r ttmarmt', to burd)brin'gett f bur^brano', buvc^^ embrace. brmt'gcn f to penetrate. ttmge'ben (umgtbt')f ttmjjab', nm* ge'bcn, to surround. 220 SYNTAX. ttttterl)al'tett, (imted)alt') f nntcr= ttrie'bcrfommett, lam tote'ber, tme'* Ijiett', itnterfyaCten, to entertain. bergefimtmen (?ein), to come ttittentelj'men, unternaljm', unter= again. nom'men, to undertake. ttrieberljo'Iett, ttueberljol'te, ttrieber= The above are the common in- I)0ft' f to repeat. separables with burrf), liber, um, This is the only inseparable com- and unter* pound of timber. All others are separable. 180. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Bieberf)oIte ber 9ftann feme brei 2Bnnfd)e ? 2. tin* ternal)tn e ber SSoget, iljm atteS 311 geben, li)a er ti)ilnfd)te? 3. 28ar er itbergeugt, etje er ineiterging ? 4. 9Ba finbet man in ben 3fttird)en nicf)t? o. at ber 9Kann fetnen 3Bunfd) n}ieberl)olt ? 6. Q]t er toettergegangen ober iinebergefommen ? (6) 1. SStr bnrcf)brangen ben SSalb, ber ba3 @an^ umgab, 2. 6Ijc ntein 23ater mirf) ubergeugt ^at, fyat er mid) nmarmt. 3. 3d) bin ^ergefontmen, nm ^Ijre nenen Siidjer 5n bnrdjblattern. 4. )er @d)iiler irirb ben Safe itberfei^en unb ben Sefjrer Uber3engen, nid)t tra^r ? 5. !Dn bift nad) feinem anf e t)tnge- gangen, aber bn inoltteft bie 2lrbeit ntcf)t unternefjnten. 6. @ie hrieberfyolten bie 3lnfgaben r iDett^e fie iiberfe^t fatten. 7. ie marten ^fjr 53n^ auf unb fingen an jn iiberfe^en, 8. 3Keine Sritber finb geftern angelommen ; ftir ^aben fie nmgeben nnb umarmt 9. g^e i^r ()erfantt, mn^te id) in bie @tabt gefyen. 10. @ic iDerben biefe <2ae nit^t Derfte^en fdnnen j ie ntiiffen fie ube x rfe^en. (c) 1. Can you repeat the exercise and translate it ? 2. I ran through that big book which you gave rue. 3. He will entertain you, but he cannot convince any one. 4. Before we had arrived the children had surrounded the old man, hadn't they ? 5. When (al$) you penetrated the thick wood, high THE IMPERATIVE. , 221 trees surrounded you. 6. Will she undertake that exercise which we could' not translate? 7. The poor old man ran hither and thither, and repeated the same words. 8. Mr. Brown has surrounded his table with the books (Lesson XXXVI., 156, /) he likes to read. 9. We could not under take anything new, since (use bentl) we have no more money. 10. You must repeat and translate these sentences. (d) (Sine efdjidjte (use past tense). Last (le^t) year my father began to " do " (burcfyrei'fen) Germany. He wanted to travel through several cities, but suddenly he became ill. He could not go farther, so he had to return (jurMfommen). When (ate) he arrived, we all surrounded him and embraced him, and he entertained us with stories of Germany. (e) /Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the present, future, perfect, and past perfect, changing last year to this year and next (n&djft) year. LESSON XLIII. (PAGES 50 17-51 29.) IMPERATIVE. Semen @tc auStoenbtg : - @et butbfam gegen at(e 2lnber3fetn, Unb lafj bid) tetnen SBtberfprncf) fcerbrtegen * Sftur immer ftef)' auf bet'nen etgnen git gen, Unb fprtdj jur redden 3ett entfcf)(o'ne$ SWetn. -@. 9Bt(^ert (1831- ). 181. The Imperative. (a) The imperative for formal address is like the inverted indicative : toben @ie, praise ; fe^en @ie r look ; f angen @ie an, begin ; itberfe^en @ie, translate. 222 SYNTAX. (b) The second singular imperative adds e to the stem. This e may be dropped in conversation : lobe, praise ; fytire, listen; fange an, begin; ftefje auf, stand up; uberfe^e, translate. (c) When the root vowel e changes to te or t in the second singular indicative, e is not added to form the imperative : ftel), see ; gib, give. (d) The second plural imperative is identical with the' in- dicative without the pronoun. The connecting vowel (e) may be inserted for euphony. (See 13, a.) 182. Conjugation of the Imperative. FORMAL. SECOND SINGULAR. SECOND PLURAL. loben Sic lobe lobt, praise fcljcn Sic ftel) fetyt, see lommeit Sic lomm fommt, come fattgen Sic an fangc an fangt an f begin iibcrfc^ett Sic iibcrfc^c iibcrfc^t, translate madjen Sic auf tnat^c aitf nta^t auf, open (irreg.) fcictt Sic fci fcit> f be Except jein all imperatives are regular. The only ones offering any difficulty are those of, verbs whose root vowel is e, which changes to te or t in the second singular. These form the imperative simply by dropping the (e)ft of the second person singular present indicative active. tterfett, bit rtnrfjt, ttnrf; geben, bit gtbft, gib; lefett, bit Itef(ef)t, lies; fpredjen, bit tyridjft, Vocabulary. bcr u'9Cttb(itt f bic ^ttgcnblttfc, II, auf ftcljcn, ftanb cwf, aufgcftanbcn the moment. (fetn) f to stand up, get up. ba3 ^o'ttigmd), bic ^5ntgreitl)c f II, beftt'djctt, befttd)tc f befttt^t, to visit. the kingdom. THE IMPEEATIVE. 223 lut'tcit, bat, gebetett, to beg; for, su'madjen, tttadjte 511, sugemadjt, to Ultt w. ace. (id)) bttte = please in s/iw, cZose. a request; and you are welcome bod), adv., yet; with imperative, / in answer to f , battle/' MawA; 2/ow. pray or do; matte bod), pray UWt'teit (weak), to wait; for, aitf waft; or do wait, usually used if w. ace. bitte is omitted. ftci'gctt (weak), to sftow. ftfjncl!, adj. or adv., fast, rapidly. tme'ber, adv., again. 184. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Ba Ijat ber SSoget tf)un miiffen? 2. 2Bot)tn tft ber SDlann gegangen? 3. SBa$ ^at er bort gefmtbett? 4. 9Sa t^at feme fiSntfltn? 5. at fie bie Jpr i()re^ 3^ mmcrd 3 U ' gemarfjt? 6. 2Ba$ fagte fie Don bem djloffe unb bem arten? (6) 1. Sittc, jetge mir bem 33ttd) ; ic^ Ijabe metne^ fcertoren. 2. SSarten @te borf) etnen 3lugenbIt(J ; er ^at ttergeffen, bie Spr gujumadE)cn* 3. teljt bot^ auf unb befut^t enre grennbe. 4. gauge bie 2lufgabe an unb itberfefee biefe cite. 5. gr bat urn ein onigreitf) unb nod) brei SBitnfcfye. 6. Sttte, ge^e nad) wufe ^u beiner SKutter, aber lomnte gfeid) tDieber ju un^. 7. Steven ie auf, bitte, unb ntad)en ie ba genfter 311. 8. efye bot^ nit^t fyin, id) noitt bir etnoa^ 9?eue jeigen. 9. Sir* beite immer gut unb lerne beine 2lufgaben, bann tDirft bu eutfd) fpredjen lonneu. 10. prit^ laut, bitte, unb lie bod^ nid)t fo fdjnelL (c) Write all imperatives three ways. 1. Please wait a mo- ment ; I want to close this open window. 2. Stand up, pray, and translate that long sentence. 3. Show me your new coat, please, before I visit my tailor to have mine made. 4. Do not begin to translate before the teacher arrives. 5. Lay the book on the table and write something good in it (l)tnem). 6. Do not repeat the sentence always before you go on to begin a new 224 SYNTAX. (one). 7. Please help me with my coat; it is very small. 8. When I got up to-day I skimmed over an old book. 9. Wait a moment for me, please, and I will buy you another cup of tea. 10. Do not show your exercise to your other teachers ; this book is not very hard. (cZ) gine efcf)t(f)te. A young boy asked his father for a new horse. "Father/ 7 said he, "please give me that big brown horse." The father said : " You are very young. Learn to read books and translate exercises before you begin to ride, We (man) cannot always ride, but we can always study." But he did not convince the boy. LESSON XLIV. (PAGES 52 i-53 ie.) INFINITIVES AND PARTICIPLES. Semen @te an^toenbtg : )enn toa man fdjtoarj anf toetfc befifct, ann man getroft nad) anfe tragen. Solfgang Don oetlje (1749-1832). 185. The Infinitives. (a) There are two infinitives in Ger- man: present, [oben, to praise; geljen, to go; and perfect, getobt jn fyaben, to have praised ; gegangen ju fein, to have gone. (6) The infinitive without the sign jn is used after modal auxiliaries and after fitfjlen, Ijetften, fjetfen, ^5ren, laffen, lefyren, (ernen, ma^en, fe!)en. 3d) fotttttc t^tt fc^Ctt, I could see him. 3d) fal) iljn am fjcnftcr ftcl)cn f I saw him stand at the window. r Icnttc gut fefen, he learned to read well. 3d) Ijiirte il)n !ommctt f I heard him come. INFINITIVES AND PAETICIPLES. 225 (c) In other cases ju is used ,when the infinitive has to in English : (r fmg an, eincn S5ricf p fdjmbett, Ae &e#ie $uf gabe ift f cfyttJer 511 itberfe^en, the exercise is hard to translate. (d) The infinitive may be used as a noun. It is always preceded by the neuter article and belongs to the first class of nouns : Sebcn ift feljr fdjiht, life (to live) is very beautiful. (e) Besides uttt, denoting purpose, the infinitive is also used after cmftdtt, instead of, and ofytte, without, where English em- ploys a verbal. Instead of going, he came, rmftott $tt geljeit, ift er gel outmen* Without asking me, she went home, Dtytte mid) 511 fragett, ging fie (/) The infinitive is always preceded by its objects and modifiers. See examples above. 186. The Participles. (a) There are two participles in German: present, lobenb, praising ; gef)Ctlb, going; perfect, gelobt, praised; gegcmgen, gone. (&) The participle may be used as an adjective or a noun. It is preceded by its modifiers, and as an adjective it stands before its noun : Qitt burd) Me Stafct ftteffenber fUtff f a river flowing through the city. (ht tJOtt einem gefetyrtett Secret gefd)riebette3 ^Bit(^ f a book written by a learned teacher. >te 5fuf0tttmett&ett, the neivcomers. 187. Infinitives and Participles are not used so much in German as in English. (a) German does not possess the progressive and emphatic 226 SYNTAX. forms of the verb. For the three forms, he praises, he is prais- ing, and he does praise, the German has but one form : er lobt. (6) Where English has an infinitive or participial phrase German uses a finite clause, commonly introduced by bd. Not finding him in the house, I looked for him in the garden, ba id) ityit nid)t im $au(e fattb, fudjte id) iljn im artett, Coming home, he found the letter on his table, al3 er ttad) ^cutfe lam, fanb cr ben SBricf auf feinem Xifdje. I knew him to be my friend, id) ttW^te, bafj er mcitt gtottttb ttwr* 188. Vocabulary. ber efd)matf , the taste. Jjerun'terfaflett, ftel tyeruuter, I)e= ba3 Se'beit, bc^ eben3 f I, life. runtergef alien (fcin), to Jail ba3 Javier', bie ^aptere, II, the down. paper (material only). Derbeffent, tierbcfferte, tjerbeffert f ba X^ca'ter, bie fyeater f I, ^e ^o correct, improve. theatre. 5tt'fd)iwen, fd)aute 511, pgefdjaut, auf'fpringen, f^rang auf f aufge- with dat., to look on, watch. fprungen (fetn), to jump up. ba, subord. conj., as. ftte'ftett, flog, gefloffett(fein), to flow. Jeid)t r adj., light, easy. 189. Exercises. i (a) 1. SBarum toar bie grau ni(^t jitfrteben ? 2. an unb tDa^ tt)at er? 3. Scfyautett bie anberen 511? 4. aSarum ift er aufcjcfprungen ? 5. ^ft [erne Srone ^cruntcr* gefatfen? 6. 3 ft ber 23oget ttriebergefommen ? (6) 1. J)a tii) aitffprang, fat) id) if)n (jerunterfatten. 2. Seine Dcrbcffcrtc Slufgabe ift f^mer jit iibcrfe^en. 3. O^ne gu moUen, ift fie mtt un^ gefommen, nid)t tt>at)r ? 4. fefcett btefer 3lufgabe ift fe^r letdjt 5. @(^aue bo^ gu, anftatt fo met ju fprecf)en! 6. )iefe3 te^te Rapier mar nicf)t nad) meinem efcf)ma(J gemefen. 7. )a bit it)n ni^t fyaft ftnben REVIEW. 227 fonnen, btft bn gletdj fyterfyergefommen. 8. )a3 unmet tan* jenbe 3Jabd)en tft Jjerutttergefaflen, anftatt anf^ufpringen. 9. JOIjne @te ju befudjen, toerben ftrir gtetcl) toettergefjen miiffen. 10. Qd) fefye, baft biefer le^te a fefjr leicfjt tft (c) 1. Without saying anything I sprang up and looked on. 2. We saw the man fall down who had jumped up so easily. 3. Having corrected your exercise, you must write it on a new piece of paper. 4. Not wanting to improve their taste, they remained at home instead of going to the (tn) theatre and looking on. 5. Did you write that last sentence without having to correct it? 6. Flowing water is very beautiful to see, isn't it ? 7. It is hard to buy a good coat without having much money. 8. Jump up, please, and shut the window. 9. Not having seen them go into the wood, she could not find them easily. 10. We heard you singing in the house. (d) A Letter (cut 33rtef). Dear Mr. Brown: I arrived here yesterday toward noon. Not having anything (not anything = ?) else to do, I went to the theatre in the afternoon. It was not an entertaining piece, so (a(fo) instead of waiting I went away (toeg) without looking on till (bt an) the end. I shall come to visit you to-morrow. Your friend. LESSON XLV. (PAGES 56 1-57 16.) EEVIEW. Semen te anSfoenbtg : Qn Dorfjmut iiberfyeb' btcf) ntdjt, Unb (af; ben 2ftut ntrf)t finfen, betnem Styfet nify' tn$ 8tci)t, Itnb tag bie SBnr^el trinfen. griebrtcf) SRitcfert (1788-1866), 228 SYNTAX. 190. (1) a. Give the inseparable prefixes. b. Where do the separable prefixes stand in simple tenses ? in compound tenses ? with the infinitive ? c. What prefixes are sometimes separable and sometimes inseparable ? d. Give the rule for distinguishing these by their accent, e. Explain the distinc- tion in the use of l)hl and fyer. (2) a. Give the rule for regular formation of the imperative second singular, b. Give the rule for the second singular im- . perative of verbs in e that change e to it or t in the second singular indicative, c. Explain the use of bod) with the im- perative, d. Is ,,6ttte" an imperative? Might it be? (3) a. Give the cases where English uses to with the infini- tive, where ju is omitted in German, b. What is the position of the infinitive with reference to its modifiers ? c. What is the force of ixm with the infinitive ? d. What other preposi- tions are regularly used with the infinitive ? (4) a. Give the two chief uses of the participle in German. b. What is the German equivalent for the following: He is singing very beautifully. Not seeing anything in the garden, I went into the house, c. What is the position of the participle with reference to its modifiers ? d. Which language uses participles more frequently, German or English ? 191. Vocabulary. bfe Suft, bte Sitfte, n, the air. fdjcCten (fd)Ut), fdjalt, gefdjolten, bag Spiel, btc Spiclc, II, the game, to scold. play. cttg, adj., narrow ; of clothes, tight ; btc 2Bci'Ic, IV, the while, time. of (air in) a room, close. iwf'ljorcn, Ijiirtc auf f aufgcljbrt, to frifd), &&]., fresh. stop, with infinitive and 511* frtity'lid), adj., joyous, happy. rc'bett (weak), to speak, to talk; gcnug', adv., enough, always fol- it is just a little more formal lowing the word it qualifies. than ftredjciu f|mt f adj., late. REVIEW. 229 192. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Bie f Sngt biefe ef d)id)te an ? 2. 3Ba toottte ^eter toerben ? 3. at ber Sdjnetber anf geljort jn fdjeften ? 4. SSar ^eter frofylid) in bem engen 3^^^^? 5. 2$ft$ fagte ^eter, al$ er toeitergegangen tnar ? 6. 28a3 Ijat er gefauf t ? (&) 1. )n I)aft angefangen, ben SBalb gn bnrdjbringen, aber rotr fyaben e nicf)t nnterne^men tuotten. 2. $Rebe boc^ nicf)t [o fdjnett nnb fdjtlt ben armen 3 u bift t)on beiner Gutter gelobt toorfcen, you have been praised by your mother. 195. Vocabulary. bet Sarm, btc Sorme, II, the noise, befm'en, befreite, befrett, to set bcr 9^ei'fter f bic 9tteifter r I, the free. master. em'fd)tafen (fc^taft ein), fd)Hef eitt, btc Xrc^'^c f bic Xrc^j^en f IV, the ctngefdjlafcn (fcin), to go to sleep, stairway ; upstairs (motion), bic to fall asleep. Xrcwe Jjtttawf f (rest) uben; tier^au'bcru, tJer^attberte, tJer^au= downstairs (motion), bie Xu^e beri, to enchant. l)tuuntcr f (rest) untetu 5etrei'gctt f 5cmf| f ^emffett, to tear auf'nwdjen, njadjtc anf f auf(jcttiad)t (to pieces). (fein), io ioaA;e tip, intrans. f^^Kf adv., already. 196. Exercises. (a) 1. 3S>ol)m ging ber @d)neiber, unb it)o ift er etngef d^Iaf en ? 2. Sa3 fal) er, afe er aitfma^te? 3. 9Beffen SBalb tuar e^ r toorin er eingef c^Iaf en tear ? 4. @r jtt^It bic cf ^td)te r t)on ttcm DATIVE OF AGENT. 233 ba$ 3)fribc!)en serjaubert ttmrbe ? 5. SBottte fie Don bem Jungen djneiber befreit toerben ? 6. 2Ba$ mute fie toerben, ate fie toon ^eter befreit trwrbe ? (6) 1. er arme (Sctjneiber ttmrbe t>on feinem 9fteifter ge* fdjolten. 2. 5Du ttrirft jeben Jag gelobt, ba bu beitte Slufgabe fo gut itberfe^eft 3. SBir toerben t?on meinem SSater umarmt tDerben, 4. J)er SBalb, tt)oritt ba @^to tag, ift fcfyon t)on bem @t^neiber burcfjbrmtgen tDorben* 5. @ie iraren Don if)rem 8e()rer bie SErep^e fyinauf getragen lt)orben 6. SBurbeft bu toon beittem 3Keifter bie reppe ^iuunter getragen ? 7. Slnftatt anf ^ jntua^en, ^at ba^ tier^auberte 3Jiabtf)en t^ieber einfd^Iafen miiffen. 8. >a$ bicfe papier ift fdjon t)on bem lleinen Snaben jerrtffen tDorben. 9. a ber 8arm fo laut tt)irb r tt)erben ft)ir auffjoren mitffen, bie genfter aufjumacfyen. 10. !Su toirft ntc^t befreit toerben, et)e ber 8ixrm aufprt, (c) 1. As the noise became too loud, the window was shut by the boy. 2. You were carried upstairs without waking up. 3. I am being surrounded by the children who have already been entertained by the master. 4. We had been freed by those men. 5. Not being able to run, the poor cat was torn to pieces by the dogs. 6. It had become very warm when we were called into the house. 7. I shall not wake up before I am called. 8. Will you please close the door with- out making a noise? 9. It must not be undertaken without your help (ing). 10. These sentences can be written very easily by you, as you have translated the exercise. (d) (Sine efd)trf)te. Yesterday was an unlucky (unglMUdj) day at our house (bei Wl$). In the morning our white cat was killed and at noon our big dog was shot by a boy who lives near us. Not finding them when he arrived in the evening, 234 SYNTAX. father got very angry and seized the boy to scold him. But learning that it had been done by accident (au 23erfel)en), he stopped without beating the boy. (e) Supplementary Exercise. Tell the story in the perfect or past (whichever you did not use) and, except the first sen- tence, also in the future, omitting the subordinate clauses. LESSON XL VII. (PAGES 59 7-60 22.) PASSIVE VOICE (continued). SUBSTITUTES FOB THE PASSIVE. Semen Sie au^toenbtg : (3 ift befthmnt in otte3 mat, )aJ3 man fcom Siebften, tuaS man Ijat, SKufj fcfjetben. -grnft greifjerr Don geu^ter^teben (1806-1849). 197. Uses of the Perfect Participle. When the Perfect Participle is used as an adjective denoting completed action in English, German uses fetn as copula. The door is shut. Me Sljitr ift gefrfjloffetu The cloth is torn, iw utf) ift ^erriffen. This must not be confused with the passive construction, often expressed the same way in English (because in English to be is both the sign of the passive and the copula). The door is (being) shut, btc $J)itr rtrirb gcfdjfuffetu The cloth is (being) torn, fca3 nd) ttrirb gcrriffctt. A simple way to distinguish is to make the verb active. If the tense stays the same without changing the meaning of the original sentence, use toerben. But if, in order to keep the original meaning, you have to change the tense, use fetn. THE PASSIVE VOICE. 235 PASSIVE. The door is being shut. The door is shut. The cloth is being torn. The cloth is torn. ACTIVE. RULE. Some one is shut- Use ting the door. Some one has shut Use feitt, the door. Some one is tear- Use ing the cloth. Some one has torn Use feitt, the cloth. EXAMPLE. >ie Xljitr ttirb gc= fdjloffetu $>te Xljitr ift ge= fdjfofieti. S)^ ud) ttrirb acr= riffetu feu* Always use fterben when the agent is expressed. TJie cloth was torn may be translated correctly, bd Zni) lt>ar 5erriffen or ba$ Zntf) tmtrbe gerriffen, but the doth was torn by the man can be translated correctly only by ba Zntf) ftmrbe Don bem 3)tannc jerriffen, 198. Passive of Verbs governing the Dative. Verbs followed? by the dative are used only impersonally (that is, with e$ as subject) in the passive, the subject being put in the dative of indirect object. lam thanked, e$ tmrb Ttttr gebcmft (lit. it is thanked to me). You were helped by a man, e ftwrbe btr (eil(^ r toon etnem aWannc ge 199. Substitutes for the Passive. German uses the Passive less than English. (a) When the agent is not expressed, man with the active may be used. I am thanked, man banft mtr. You were asked, man fragte bid) (end), @te). We shall be convinced, man ttrirb nn itberjengen. It is said, man fagt. (&) When the agent is expressed, the sentence may be in- verted, the agent becoming the subject, and the subject, the object. You were helped by a man, em 9ftann fyat btr (cud), $f)nen) getjolfen. The cloth was torn by the man, ber 3Kann 236 SYNTAX 200. Vocabulary. ber Scir, be3 Sarett, V, ^e bear. fof'gen (weak) (jeitt) with dat., to bte $a'me, bte $ameu, IV, the lady. follow. ber s #a'me(tt), be3 9?amett3, bte gettritt'nen, gettJatw, gettonttett, to 9?amett r I, the name. win. bcr ffitt tcr f bte fitter, I, Me fcragrto. edjt, adj., genuine, real. ber @d)lnf, be3 6d)(afe, II, (the} gettrif;', adj., certain ; adv., certainly. sleep. fflltft, adv., formerly ; adversative erlau'fcen, erfaubte, erlaitbt f with conjunct., otherwise. dat., to -allow, permit. 201. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Ba mu^te er t^un r um bte Same ju geiDtnnen? 2. 3Bar er gemi^ em edjter JRtttcr? 3. 2Serftanb bte )ame fetnen Xiamen? 4. SBa^ tljat ber c^neiber, ate bte Same ucrfc^ttjanb? 5. SBte tDar e$, ate er aufma^te? 6. tuotlte er ftnben ? (6) 1. )ie Same tft fcom fitter getoonnen noorben. 2. @rf)(af be^ 53aren ift geftrifs ntcf)t ed)t, fonft toirb er ntdjt fo fetc^t auftDarfjen. 3. @ttt>a3 fo ro^e^ fann geim nid)t t)erloren tuerben. 4. Qfy bin tf)m gefolgt, anftatt ifym ju erlauben r mtr gu folgen. 5. Die Xaffe, bie im arten t)ergeffen tDurbe, tft gerbrotfjen tDorben, ntc^t iDa^r? 6. Dfyne tjerbeffert 311 tt)erben r tDerben feine 3lufgaben itberfe^t. T 4 Siefer @a^ ift t)erbeffert ; jener ttrirb t)on bem ?e^rer tierbeffert tDerben. 8. m bift in bie Stabt gefdjicft tDorben nnb tt>nrbeft bort ton un gefunben. 9. Sftan l)at bid) in bie <2tabt gefdjidt, nnb \mr fanben bi(^ bort, 10. a^ genfter tt)irb Don bem errn anfgemad)t, nnb er lt)irb fe^r toarm in ber barmen 8uft. (c) 1. Put into the passive voice the first English-into-German sentence in Lessons V., VI. , and IX. 2. In Lessons XL, XIL, EEFLEXIVE VEEBS. 237 and XIII. 3. The lady, whose name has been forgotten, was won by the knight, wasn't she? 4. The bear has fallen asleep, and his sleep is certainly genuine ; otherwise he will hear us talk. 5. I was convinced when I awoke and got up. 6. You will not be allowed to begin your book. 7. We are being called by the knight who knows our names. 8. With out being scolded- those pupils cannot translate their sentence. 9. Coming borne late, you will be scolded instead of being praised. 10. Instead of being cut, the piece of cloth was torn by the tailor. (cT) Supplementary Exercise. Give the two substitutes for the passive suggested in 199 (a) and (6) for each of the abo\e sentences. LESSON XL VIII. (PAGES 60 23-62 9.) EEFLEXIVE VERBS. Semen @ie auSftenbig: g btfbet cm latent fid) in ber title, @td) em Sfyarafter in bem @trom ber SBett. SBotfgang toon oetlje (1749-1832). 202. Reflexive Verbs. A reflexive verb is one whose object is a pronoun referring to the subject. The reflexive pronoun for the first and second persons is the same as the personal, except for @ie (formal address). For the third person and @ie, it is fid) in both numbers and cases (dat. and ace.). As the reflexive verb always has an object (the pronoun), the auxiliary is always 238 SYNTAX. Conjugation of fid) freuen, freute fid), fid) gefreut, to rejoice. INDICATIVE. Present. Past. id) frcuc micfy, / rejoice. id) frcute mid), / rejoiced. bu frcuft bid), thou rejoicest. bu freitteft bid), thou rejoicedst. er frcut fid) r he rejoices. er ftcute fid), Ae rejoiced. ttiir freuen un3, toe rejoice. nrir freutcn uri3, ire rejoiced. iljr frcut cud) f yew rejoice. ifyr freutct cud), yow rejoiced. fie freuen fid), zfte?/ rejoice. fie freutcu fid), ^e?/ rejoiced. Future. id) toerbe imd) freueu, I shall rejoice. &u wirft bit^ freuen, thou wilt rejoice, etc. Per/eci. id) Ijabe mi^ gefreut, / have rejoiced. tw I)aft bid) gefreut, thou hast rejoiced, etc. Past Perfect. id) Ijatte mic^ jjefreut, I had rejoiced. bn l)atteft bid) gefrent, ^o?^ /ids^ rejoiced, etc. Future Perfect. id) tterbe mid) gefreut ^aben, I shall have rejoiced. bn tuirft biti^ gefreut fyaben, thou wilt have rejoiced, etc. Imperative. freue bi^, frent end), freuen Sic fid), rejoice. Infinitives. Pres. fid) (mid), bid), etc.) (311) freuen, to rejoice. Perf. fid) (mid), bid), etc.) gefreut (511) Ijaben, to ftave rejoiced. Participles. Pres. ftr^ freuenb, rejoicing (rare). Perf. fid) gefreut, rejoiced (used only in compound tenses, never as adjective). REFLEXIVE VERBS. 239 Give complete synopses of all persons and both numbers, including the formal address. Conjugate each tense in full, remembering to change the reflexive pro- noun in each form to agree with the personal one (subject). 203. Use of Reflexives. Eeflexives are commoner in Ger- man than English. (a) Any transitive verb may be used reflexively : $d) f d)netbe ba3 $f eif d), / cut the meat. 3d) fdjneibc mid), I cut myself. (b) Intransitives may also be used reflexively. This is an impersonal idiom, used only with e$ : (3 geljt fid) nidjt fetyr gut im SSalbe, the walking is not good in the wood. a ift in meinem erjen )ie 8tebe aufgegcmgen. -einrtd) @eme (1797-1856). 206. Impersonal Verbs. Impersonal verbs are of four kinds or classes. (a) Pure impersonals, including those denoting states of the weather. (5$ regnet, it rains ; e$ f tf)tteit, it snows. Conjugation of e3 regnct f it rains. Pres. c3 regnct, it rains. Past. e3 regncte, it rained. Fut. e^ tutrb regncn r it will rain. Perf. e3 hot gcregnet, iY /is rained. P. Perf. e3 ^attc geregnct, it had rained. F. Perf. c tntrb geregnet Ijaben, z tort? have rained. INFINITIVE. Pres. (gu) rcgitCtt, to rain. Perf. gcrcgnct (511) tyabett, to Aave rained. (6) Impersonal reflexives: e$ fragt fi(^, it is a question; e$ fcijtrft fttf|, it is proper ; e^ tjcrfte^t fic^ r ^ is a matter of course. Conjugation of e f djttft fid), i' zs proper. Pres. e fdjtrft ftd| f it is proper. Past. e3 fr^tcftc ftd) f it was proper. Fut. c ttitrb fid) f^irfcn f ^ toi7? be proper. Perf. e3 ^at fid) gefd)irft f ^ ^as 6ee/i proper. P. Perf. e3 ^attc fid) gefdjirfi, ^ Aa^ 6ee?i proper. F. Perf. e3 mirb fid) gef djirft !)aben f if toi7Z have been proper. IMPERSONAL VERBS. 243 INFINITIVE. Pres. fid) (jit) fdjirfeu, to be proper. Perf. fid) gefdjieft (ju) I)rtlicn f to have been proper. (c) Impersonals with -the accusative: e$ freut mid), lam glad; e$ twtttbert mttf), Iivonder. Conjugation of e3 freut mid), / am aJad PRESENT. e3 freut mid), / am glad. t freut uu3, we are glad. e3 frcut bid), thou art glad. e freut eud), yow are #Zaa*. e3 freut U)tt (fie, e), he (she, it) is glad. e3 freut fie, they are glad. SYNOPSIS. Pres. e3 freut Utid), / am glad. Past. e3 frcute bi^ f i/iow i^as^ glad. Fut. e^ tt>irb il)U freueu f he will be glad. Perf. e3 ^at itn gefreut f we have been (were) glad. P. Perf. e3 ^atte eud) gefreut, you had been glad. F. Perf. e3 nitrt) fie gefreut l)abeu f *^ey tw'W Tiave been glad. INFINITIVE. Pres. mid), bid), etc. , (gu) freueu, Perf. mit^, ttc^ f etc., gefmtt (ju) Ijalieu* (d) Impersonals with the dative : e tf)Ut tntr fetb r Jam sorry ; e$ fdHt mtr'etn, ^ occurs to me; e gettngt mtr, / succeed; e$ gefrf)tef)t mtr, it happens to me. Conjugation of e3 tl)itt mir leib, I am sorry. PRESENT. e3 tl)ut utir (eib f I am sorry. t t^ut tttt Ieib f ice are sorry. e3 t^ut Mr leib f thou art sorry. e tl)ut eut^ (eib r z/ow are sorry. e t^ut tljm (ifyr, itjm) leib, Ae (s/ie, e3 t^ut i^ueu leib, ^ey are sorry. it} is sorry. SYNOPSIS. Pres. e3 tljut mir Ieifc f / am sorry. Past. e tljat bir (eib f ^OM wast sorry. Fut. e niirb iljm leib tl)Utt f Tie miZZ be sorry. Perf. e3 ^at utt3 (eib getl)au f toe /iave been sorry. P. Perf. e^ Ijatte eui^ (eib getljau, yoz* had been sorry. F. Perf. e3 ttrirb il)ueu (eib get^au J)abeu f ^ey t(?i7Z Tiave 6ee?i sorryi 244 SYNTAX. INFINITIVE. -Pres. tmt, bit, etc., left ($ll) tljtttt, Perf. wit, Mr, etc., left gctljan (311) tyaben, 207. Impersonal verbs have two peculiarities. (a) They are found only in the third person singular, and are conjugated only with the pronoun e$. (3 may be omitted in an inverted or subordinate clause, except with verbs of the first class, e3 regttet, etc. (&) They are always weak, and always take fyaben as auxiliary. ($efd)eljett and ge ling en are exceptions to the last rule. 208. (3 ijtebt; e$ tft, there is or there are. There is (there are) is expressed in two ways in German: e$ gtebt and e3 ift. (a) To express general existence without naming a limited, definite place, use e$ giebt* It is always impersonal, singular, takes the accusative, and e is never omitted. ($ gtebt triele ftote Scute, there are many proud people. 2Bd$ giebt e$ S^eue^ ? What is there new f ( What's the news ?) (5) To express particular existence in a limited, definite place use e$ ift (or e$ finb). It is personal, the verb agreeing in person and number with the real subject (not e$), which is always in the nominative case. ( is omitted in an inverted or subordinate clause. @3 ift fetn $ta| mefyr tm STfjeater, there is no more room in the theatre. @3 finb JtDet Icifer auf bem Stfdje, there are two glasses on the table, eftem toar fetn ^fa^ tm J^eater, yesterday there was no room in the theatre. It is I, itf) bin e$ ; is it you ? btft bn e$ ? is it she ? ift fie e^ ? it is we, urir finb e$. @^ tcerben t^iele geute im SBalbe fetn, there will be many people in the wood. IMPERSONAL VERBS. 245 209. Vocabulary. ber ^on'ncr, I, the thunder. bie San'se, bie Sansett, IV, the lance. ber $(<% bie ^ld^c f II, seotf, room. J7*6 place is Me <3tette ; a roo n is cut ^trowe** ber Ofte'gen, I, ^e rain. Der Sdjnee, II, ^e snow. ber @d)ttwtt$, bie Sdjttwtt^e, II, the tail. t Miijt, impers., it lightens. t boit'ttert, impers., it thunders. e3 fallt mir ein' r impers. w. dat., it occurs to me. e3 fratjt ft(^ f impers., lY is a question. e6 geUngt' mir f e gelang tnir f e^ ift mir cjelwtgen, impers. w. dat. and the infinitive, / succeed. gefdjetyett, happens. gi(e)bt, e gi(e)bt, e impers. w. dat., ift it ift, there is. ftttb, there are. e^ reg'nct r impers. , it rains. e f^trft fit^ f impers., it is proper. e3 f j^ueit f impers. , it snows. e3 taut r impers., it thaws. e t^ut mir leib', impers. w. dat., I am sorry. t tierftel)t' fid) f impers. , it is a mat- ter of course. e3 ttwu'bert mtd) f impers., I wonder. fto'^en (ftbgt), ftiei gefto^en, to thrust, push, shove. ba f subord. conj., that. adj., industrious. 210. Exercises. (a) 1. SBte ift e bem t^neiber gclungcn, ben 33aren gu toten ? 2. 3Ba3 ift bana^ (wea#) gef^ef)en? 3. 2Ba ift bem fitter eingefallen, rait bem t^tDanse be^ 33dren ju t^un? 4. at e$ geregr^t ober gef d)neit, at^ er im SBalbe tt)ar ? 5. cfyid; t e fid), feberman ^eiraten ju iDotten? 6. I)at e ber Same leib, Don einem e^ten fitter getDonnen jn tDerben ? (6) 1. @ bonnert nnb bli^t nicf)t, ftenn e^ fdE)neit 2. er @djneiber ^at feine 8an5e in ben 33ciren gefto^en, al er ben etter, fctjb'uercu 2Bcttcr f more beautiful weather. (Sin beffcre3 S3ud) f a &eer 600^. 2)er I)5d)ftc SBanm r ^Ae highest tree. (b) For the English superlative in the predicate, when not modified by a phrase or clause, the German uses ,,atn" with" the superlative ending in en: S)tc age futb im Summer am fanajten, the days are longest in summer; am for an bent ; hence ,,am langften" means at the longest. liefer SBaum tftber l)od)ftc im (Garten, this tree is the highest in the garden. (c) As is translated by tt)ie ; than usually by al$, sometimes by tote. He is not so large as you, cr ift md)t fo grog ttric btt He is larger than 7, cr ift grower a(3 C or tt*) irf| (d) As . . . as is translated ebenfo * ttrie (or Me is as pretty as you, fie ift ebenfo fd)b'tt wie (or ol 252 SYNTAX. (e) The . . . the is translated by je * . . befto. The longer the sentence, the harder it is to write, je longer befto fdjtoem ift er $u fdjmben. 215. Vocabulary. bet Ktt'fattg, bie Stnfange, II, the fid) fitrn'mern (weak), to care, beginning, start ; from the begin- bother ; about, urn* ning, toon $dtfang an* tor'!0mmett, lam Dor, toorgefom* ba3 ORedjt, bie 9kd)te, II, Zfte right; men (jetn), to seem, appear. to be right, rcctjt tyabetu e'benfo . . . foie. (jusi) as ... as. bie SSatyr'tjeit, bie SSa^r^eiten, IV, gern f adv., gladly. Often trans- ^/ie truth. lated ZiA;c, with the verb it modi- aue'ftubett f fanb au3, au^gefunbeit, fies in the infinitive. Sty ftnge to ./i?id out. gent, 7 M&e o sing. betrii'gen, betrog, betrogen f ^o de- im mittbeften, i Ae ?eas^. ceive. je . . . be'fto, the . . . the; \t t adv., gtau'ben (weak), ^o think; with eve?*. dative, to believe. nal), adj., near. flenau', adj., exact. oft f adv., 216. Exercises. (a) 1. Ste ^at bie Same auScjefunben ? 2. SBurbe fie nic^t bofer, afe fie bie aBcdjrljeit lernte ? 3. SBarum ift ber t^neiber tiid)t Icinger geblieben? 4. $ ft er in ben narfjften SBalb gegan* gen? 5. 2Ba^ mar ba @(^Umntfte (worst)? 6. ^imtmerte fief) bie Same nm ifyren Derlorenen SRann ? (6) 1. Ianbe mir, bu lt)irft einen genaueren SInfang mac^en mitffen. 2. (gr ^at fie am ofteften betrogen, aber er fiimmert fid) nid)t im minbeften barum, 3. )ie 9Kab^en, gtanbe id^, finb junger a(^ bie Same, aber bie Same lommt mir am fd)onften Dor. 4 ^e ofter bn bie SBa^r^eit ft)ricf)ft, bcfto toeniger bethigft bit beine greunbe, ni^t tua^r? 5. Sir toerben nic^t genaner au^finben fonnen, baft bie Stabt ebenfo na 1 ^ ift nrie ber COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 253 6. 33on Slnfang an finb te son bem Snaben meljr ober toeniger betrogen toorben. 7. >ie atte gran ift fdjito ; Me Jnngere ift fdjoner; aber ba Jiingfte Sftabcfyen ift ba fdjonfte, ba'td) je gefefyen fyabe. 8. 2Btr fingen gem, ttrir tanjen lieber, nnb ttrir ftrielen am liebften, 9. ^e mefyr man fi^ um biefe 2lufgaben fiimmert, befto genauer ipirb man fie tirieberfyolen fbn^ nen 10. u bift ein t^entg grdj^ al^ jener ^nabe r aber er fann ebenfo ft^nell (aufen tt>ie bn. (c) 1. When we arrived at the river a little later it seemed to us as warm there as in the hot city. 2. The more exactly you speak the truth, the oftener will people believe you, won't t"hey ? 3. From the beginning I was right and you were deceived, but you did not bother about it. 4. We shall not be able to find out which guest will stay the longest. 5. He was ashamed of his beginning, and translated the end of his story better. 6. In the whole world there are no higher trees than these; they are the highest that we have ever seen. 7. The richest man is not always as happy as the poorest. 8. The heavier boys do not always appear to us the strongest. 9. The narrowest river was much deeper than the widest (one). 10. Those who study most are often the best pupils. (d) in Srief . Dear Karl : The farther I travel in this country, the better it appears to me. It is as beautiful as Germany. The sky is the bluest I have ever seen, and the trees are higher and greener than ours. But the longest rivers and the most beautiful things here do not please me as well as those at home. I am glad that we arrive at home not later than next week. Your brother. 254 SYNTAX. LESSON LII. (PAGES 68 1-69 21.) NUMERALS. Semen @te anStoenbtg : )er err ift tnetn trte ; mir ttirb ntdjtS numgeltu @r toeibet midj anf einer gritnen 2lne unb fnljret mid) gnm frifdjen Staffer ; er erqnidet meine @ee(e ; er fnfyret mid) auf renter tra^e urn femes 9?atnen$ tDtllen* llnb ob id) fcfpn manberte tin ftnftern l)al, fnrtf)te tcf) letn Unglucf ; benn 5)n btft bet mir; )etn Steven nnb tab trijften mtcf). S)n beretteft t)or mir einen tfd) gegen meine $einbe. S)n falbeft mein aupt mtt Dt r nnb fcf)enfeft mir t>ot( ein, nte nnb ^Barm^erjigleit toerben mir f ofgen mein Seben tang, nnb id) toerbe bteiben im anfe be errn immerbar* )er 23. ^5fa(m U)at)tb* Martin gutter (1483- 1546). 217. Cardinal Numbers. The cardinal numerals correspond to the English as below. They are indeclinable except ein$ (see 19) and eine Million, jtDet SMUonen. 1 einS 13 breise^n 50 fimf^ig 2 gtDet 14 t)ierje^n 60 fedjjig 3 brei 15 fimfjefyn 70 fieb(en)3tg 4 )ier 16 ferfjjeljn 80 ac^tjig 5 ffinf 17 fieb(en)ge^n 90 nennjig 6 ferf)3 18 ac^tge^n 100 Ijnnbert 7 fieben 19 nennje^n 200 gtoetljunbert 8 acf)t 20 jmanjig 225 9 nenn 21 einnnbjiwnsig fiinf nnb 10 getjn 22 jtDeinnbgtDan^ig 1000 tanfenb 11 elf 30 breiftig (not brei5ig) 1901 tanfenb nenn* 12 jftotf 40 trieqig ^nnbert nnb 1,000,000 eine 2iffion' NUMERALS. 255 German translates a hundred by Ijuttbert ; em fjutlbert means one hundred. (a) Cardinal adverbs are formed by adding *mat (ba$ 3Kat, /ie time) to the cardinal: etnmat, once; jtoetmat, Zwi'ce; breimal, times, etc. 218. Ordinal Numbers. The ordinal numerals are formed from the cardinals by adding fit up to 20, *fte, from 20 up. Exceptions : ber erfte, ber brttte, ber adjte. They are declined like other adjectives. ber erfte, 1st ber gnMmjtgfte^flto ber gtoeite, #d ber Ijunbertfte, 100th ber brttte, 3d ber taufenbfte, ^6>(9^^ ber tnerte, ^ ber taufenb a^t^unbert fedjSunb* ber fitnfte, 5th neunjigfte, 1896th (a) Ordinal adverbs are formed by adding sett to the ordinal stem: erften, firstly, in the first place; jtoeiten^, secondly, in the second place, etc. 219. Fractions. Fractions (except Me cilfte, the half) are formed by adding *tel (a softening of ber Setf, the part) to the ordinal stem up to 20, and =ftet from 20 on. (Stit 'Srittel, a third; bm SBtertef, three fourths; eitt Bttiwsigftel, a twentieth ; fiction unbcttftc( r seven hundredths. Fractions in *tet are all neuter nouns of the first class. (a) To express and a half German adds *IjaH) to the ordinal stem of the number next larger than the one to be expressed. Two and a half, brtttefyatb ; three and a half, triertel)a(b ; one and a half, attbertf)alb. Thus brittefjalb really means two whole ones (understood) and half the third; cmbertfydlb means one whole one (understood) and half another. 256 SYNTAJL. (b) The half (of) is bie mlfte ; half (of ') tfie fcoofc, bie d(fte be3 SudjeS. alb, /*#(/*, and gcmj, all, whole, are declined regularly follow- ing the article. Half a page, cine Ijalbe Sette ; all the way, ben gan^ett SBeg, 220. Vocabulary. ber 9f rm, bte 9lrme, II, Me arm. Ifo^'f en (weak) , o &noc&, intrans. ber SBadj, bie 23adje, II, i7ie ftroofc. fdjnrim'men, fdjwamm, gefd)njom= ber Stoct, bte Stijrfe, II, ^e s^'cA;, men, to swim, cane. Htii'be, adj., tired. though, although, with dependent order, written sometimes ob . . >UO^( f ob f ob bte (Btutt'be, bte Stuttben, IV, the hour ; the lesson. bie 2$al)'niutg, bte 28ol)ttmtgeit, IV, the dwelling. bic SBtttt'be, bte 2$ttttbett, IV, the triefletdjt', adv., perhaps. wound. toett, adj., far, distant. toett'tgftett)?, adv. , at least. 221. Exercises. (a) 1. SBie triete Sinber tjatte ber 2ftann? 2. SBar ber jiingfte ber gro^te ? 3. SBo^in ift ber 23ater mit feinem Sofjne gegangen? 4. 28ie tonrbe ber tniibe afe r a(^ ber Snabe iljm bie SBnnben iDnfc!^? 5. 3Bot)in gingen bie brei, nnb nrie oft f fopf ten fie an ben Saunt ? 6. 3Ba ttyat ber Heine SJJann, al^ er ben t)ertt)nnbeten afen fa 1 ^ ? (b) 1. )er ^itngfte ft>ar nnr t)ierte^alb ^Jafjre alt, obgletd) er grower n)ar a(^ feine jtoei Sritber. 2. Qfy fyabe breimal an bie Jt)itr beiner SSJo^nnng geffopft, ol)ne bicf) einntal I)c5ren 311 mad)en. 3. 3?iermal fe^^ ift t)iernnb^tt)an^g. 4. Sdjttrimme nid)t fo iDeit im 33ad)e ; fonft merben bir bie 3lrme ntitbe luerben. 5. )er @d)neiber fd)(ng feinen britten ofyn mit einem 9)?effer, NUMEBALS. 257 obtooljt er stoet SBunben am 2trme Ijatte. 6. gimf age in ber 2Bod)e fyaben ttrir gtoei bentfcfye tunben* 7. 3)n fyaft erne gan^e tunbe ftitbiert, obgleidj e$ Mr nur gelungen ift, anbertfyafb (Setten* 311 nberfe^en. 8. (grftenS fyatte fie jet)n 9?ofen, fto&on fie mir nur bie alf te gab. 9. ^toeitenS mar e$ ba3 erfte itnb britten^ mottte fie fetbft brei 23iertet I)aben. 10. 3Jiart mentgften^ brittefjalb tunben ftubieren, urn brei ober tiier gaben fdjreiben ju lonnen. 11. 2Bie t)iel ift fiebenmal neun? iebenmat neun ift breiunbfedjsig. (c) 1. How many books did you buy yesterday? 2. I bought five books for myself and three for my brother. 3. We knocked with our canes at least a whole hour in front of your dwelling, although you were at home. 4. You studied that exercise perhaps half a day, perhaps four hours, at least three hours and a half. 5. The first man was a tailor, the second a teacher, and the third was a prince. 6. These four books are mine ; those that my brother bought yesterday are lying on the table. 7. Seven of (t)0n) the boys went home, but the eighth went on the ice and broke his (fic^ ben) arm. 8. The brook where the tired bear washed his (fid) bie) wounds is three and a half hours distant from here. 9. We wanted only half of the cards, although we succeeded in get- ting at least three quarters. 10. In the first place you have three fifths of the money ; in the second place this is the sixth time you have asked me for it ; in the third place I am older than you and ought to have the most. (cT) gine efdjidjte. My best friend had four or five Ger- man books on his table. The first was perhaps the easiest, so he gave it to me. I perused it three times, but did not study it as industriously as he. The second half of the book was harder than the first. There was a whole sentence on the 258 SYNTAX. fifty-sixth page that I did not succeed in translating. There was a page and a half at the end where I understood only three fourths of the words. I let him have it gladly when I had read it. LESSON LIII. (PAGES 69 22-71 9.) TIME, DAYS, MONTHS, SEASONS, DATES. Sernen @te anSttenbtg : i' nur ba$ SRecfyte in betnen adjen ; cmbere ftrirb fid) Don felber macfyen. -3errn SJliiller^ $au3 gefe^en ? Tiave yow seen Mr. Millers house f Sie Strain Setting 7ie s^ree^s of Berlin. $>te ^(itffe IRu^(attb^ f the rivers of Eussia. (a) Names of persons ending in an s sound take an apostrophe in the genitive ; names of places ending in an s sound substi- tute the dative with t)0tt : $rhf SRcffct, Fritz's knife. $te Stra^en tion ^ari^ f the streets of Paris. (6) When modified by a ,,ber" or , f ettt" word proper nouns are uninflected. $>a3 $au^ be ^errn Sttufler, the house of Mr. Miller. "Sic Gutter ber guten 5(nna f good Anna's mother. (r gob e3 bent f (etnen 2Bi(l)e(m f he gave it to little William. $>ie SSalber be fernen SWuftlanb, the forests of remote Eussia. Notice that the German is exactly like the English except that it uses the article more frequently, and of course its adjectives are declined. PEOPEE NOUNS. 263 227. Vocabulary. $tt'na, Anna. Sdjil'Ier, Schiller. ber SBerg, bie SBerge, II, zfte moun- ber <3taitb, be on brei 3Siertet je^n bis em SSiertel gtt)otf, gebauert* 14. 9U3 ber arme 2SogeI t)om -3^9 er g^fcittgeti iDixrbe, iDotttc er toeber jingen noc^ picgen* 15. Sttte, Dergip ntd)t all biefe @a^e 311 uberfe^en, fonft ft)irft bu morgen urn ^atb elf t)on bem 8e^rer gefd)olten tDerben, (c) 1. If the rules are not used, the difference between the sentences cannot be comprehended, can it? 2. Last month we went to (in bie) church every day at quarter past six in the morning. 3. The longer the fall lasts, the better it pleases me. 4. On Friday, the twenty-third of September, at half past eleven, William fell into the river, and was saved a minute later by the fisherman. 5. Although these nets are rather strong, yet those that were bought last week by Fred's father are the strongest. 6. As I do not comprehend either the rule or (not either or = ?) those longer sentences, I will give up that exercise. 7. You do not speak so fast as Marie, but we under- stand her best. 8. We shall neither care about the dog nor be afraid of the wolf. 9. Without studying hard you will not be able to learn these rules and translate the sentences. 10. Pray be seated; you are very tired, I think. 11. The play had lasted an hour and a half, from quarter past eight till quarter of ten, hadn't it ? 12. There are some pupils in this school who have not tried to learn the last four rules in the book. 13. I shall arrive in the city next Saturday between 268 SYNTAX. half past seven and half past eight in the morning. 14. Last evening toward quarter to seven we went into a store to buy larger nets. 15. Believe me, this is the fourth time that I have tried to learn to swim. LESSON LVI. (PAGES 74 23-76 12.) THE SUBJUNCTIVE. THE AUXILIARIES. Semen @ie auStoenbtg : 2Bo man fingt, ba lajs bid) ruljtj nteber ; 33ofe 2ftenfcf)en fyaben feme Sieber. -$ol)ann ottfrteb @eume (1763-1810). 232. Subjunctive Mode. The subjunctive mode is formed regularly from the corresponding tense of the indicative. The subjunctive endings are : SINGULAR. PLURAL. 1st person =c -tn 2d person =eft =et 3d person =c =Ctt (a) The present subjunctive is formed by adding these end- ings to the present stem, except in the case of fetn, which does not add e in the first and third persons singular. (ft) The past subjunctive of iceak verbs is the same as the indicative ; strong verbs add the regular endings above and the root vowel takes umlaut when possible. (c) The future, perfect, past perfect, and future perfect sub- junctive are formed regularly from the corresponding tenses of the indicative. Instead of the indicative, the subjunctive of the auxiliaries fyaben (fetn) and toerben is used. SUBJUNCTIVE OF AUXILIARIES. 269 (d) Subjunctive of the Auxiliaries. (No translation is given, as the meaning varies with the use.) PRESENT. PAST. (bag) id) tyabc fci (bag) bit Ijabeft fcicft (bag) cr tyabc fci (bag) ttrir Ijabcit feien (bag) iljr Jjabet feiet (bag) fie fyabcu feien ttJerbe (bag) ttierbeft (bag) toerbe (bag) ttJerbeit (bag) tterbet (bag) ttierben (bag) id) fjottc ttJarc bit Ijattcft iuiircft cr pttc tuarc tutr Ijiittcn umrcu il)r ^attet hiarct fie fatten ttidrcn ttJitrbc ftwrbeft toiirbf* ttJurbcit wiirbet luitrbctt FUTURE. (bag) id) Ijaben tocrbc (bag) bu Ijabctt toerbcft (bag) er tyabeit toerbc, etc. fcin njerbc fern toerbeft fcin ttcrbe, etc. ttjcrbcn tticrbc tticrbcit njcrbeft tticrbcit ttc?bc f etc. PERFECT. (bag) icf) getyabt Ijabc (bag) bit gctyabt Ijabcft (bag) cr getyabt J)abe f etc. 0ett)cfcn fci gcuicfcn fcicft gctucfctt fci, etc gcttiorbcn fci gcttiorbctt fcieft gciuorben fci f etc PAST PERFECT. (bag) id) gcljabt l)attc (bag) bit jjeljabt pttcft (bag) cr getyabt I|attc f etc. gemefen toarc gcttwrbcn niarc gcttJcfen marcft gcworbcn ttwrcft gctucfen rtJrirc, etc. gctuorbcu toorc, etc. FUTURE PERFECT. (bag) id) (jcljabt ^abcn mcrbc gciticfeit fcin merbc gcttiorbcn fcin tticrbc (bag) bit ijcljabt l)aben tucrbcft gettjefcttfetittnerbcft gctnorbcn fcht tocrbcft (bag) cr gcljabt ^aben tticrbc gcttiefcn fein mcrbe gcttujrbeitfciit tncrbc f etc. Conjugate all the tenses in full, and give complete synopses in each person. 233. Uses of the Subjunctive Mode. (a) The German subjunctive is used: (1) in indirect dis- course (dependent subjunctive) ; (2) to express possibility (potential subjunctive)-, (3) to express a wish or command 270 SYNTAX. (optative or hortatory subjunctive') ; and (4) in conditional sentences (conditional subjunctive). (1) will be treated in this lesson ; (2) and (3) in Lesson LYII. ; and (4) in Lesson LVIII. (6) Except in indirect discourse the German subjunctive corresponds very closely to the English. (c) The dependent subjunctive is used in indirect discourse after verbs of saying, thinking, feeling, asking, etc. : - (r fagte, ber ihttg fei im ^aufe, he said the king was in the house. (r gfaubte, baff id) Iran! fei, he thought that I was sick. (d) In indirect discourse English changes the present tense to past, if the verb of the main clause is past. German does not generally make this change, but keeps the tense of the direct discourse : He said, " lam ill," er fagte : ,,3dj bin Irani/' He said that he was ill, er fagte, ba cr Iranf feu He said, " I have a book," er fagte : ,,$dj Ijabe etn He said that he had a book, er fagte, baft er- cin $ud) Usage allows also: @r fagte, bag er Iran! fta're; er fagte, bag er etn Ija'tte. But it is more correct not to change the tense. Always put the indirect statement into direct quotation in your mind, so as to make sure of the tense. Ask yourself what were the speaker's exact words. (e) The indicative should be used if the speaker wishes to emphasize his belief in the truth of what he reports : 3d) glaube, fca| bit recfjt tyaft, / think (am sure} that yon are right. ($r fagte, ba| er e3 nidjt gettyan Ijat, he said that he didn't do it. 234. Vocabulary. bie eftalt', bie Qkftalten, IV, the &erfd)twn'ben, berfd)ttwnb', tier* figure. fdjttwn'bett (fcin), to disappear. bie Stau'ge, bie Stangen, IV, the liar, adj., clear, stake, pole. fiwberlwr, adj., strange, queer. SUBJUNCTIVE OF AUXILIARIES. 271 , bie Coffer, III, the people, ba3 geft, bte gcftc f II, the celebra- folk, nation, as distinguished from tion, festival. bte Seitte, people in general; e.g. ireffen (trifft), traf, getrof'fett, to ^e German people, ba3 beutfdje ft#, to meet (with intent, as dis- , not bic beutfdjett Scute. tinguished from begegnen, to meet (weak), to rest. casually'). 235. Exercises. (a) 1. Sofyin lam ber Snabe, ate er tteiterging? 2. SBie f anb er au$, toa8 fiir eine gcbcr er am ute ^abe ? 3. 9Sa^ fagten btc bret 3)lanner r [et in ber tabt? 4. Sonnten bie anberen ben 23ogel auf ber tange treffen ? 5. SBarum fagte bie ^rinjeffin, baB olbener gen?i lein $rin$ fet? 6. at fid) ba3 aSoII gefreut ? (6) 1. ^^ gfaubte, ba eine fonberbare eftalt neben ber (Stange fct* 2. u fagteft, baft ba$ 9SoII ()eute !ein grofteS gcft ^abe. 3. gr ttnC ni^t glanben, ba^ ba^ SBaffer im gluffe flat gen?orben feu 4. 3Me fonberbare eftatt fyat einen Slugen* bticf auf ber tange geruf)t, ef)e fie fcerfdjttmnben tft. 5. SBir {)aben ^^nen gefagt, ba^ lein fo(d)e 53ut^ im gan^en 8aben fei. 6. Sr fagte, ba ber Snabe ni^t^ ^abe r ba^ er noc!) ni(^t Irani fei ; aber er gfaubte, ba er batb Irani toerben toerbe. *7. Ot)ne ben Snaben getroffen ju fyaben, fagte ber ^onig, ba biefer ber @o^n eine^ ^aifer^ getoefen fei, 8. ^a tt)ir bent Sftanne in ber @c^u(e begegnet finb r gtaubten lt)ir r ba er ber 8ef)rer get^orben fei. 9. 3lnftatt fi(^ baritber ju fdjihnen, ^aben @ie gefagt, ba^ @ie nic^t^ bat)on geprt fatten. (c) Put the main verb of the qtfbtation into the tense of the direct discourse. 1. Although he had been at home a long time, he said he had had neither water nor wine. 2. The people think that the figure which they see resting in the trees is strange. 3. You told me that we had nothing better than 272 SYNTAX. other people. 4. They think that the longest poles are not always the strongest. 5. Last Monday at quarter to seven Marie saw a figure which she thought was Mr. Brown's daugh- ter, but it was not she. 6. Without trying to translate that last sentence, I can tell you that it is not hard. 7. Before the paper had been sold by the man, he told us there were no more books in his store. 8. Without looking at her you told her that she would become more beautiful. 9. Instead of having a new coat made he said to the tailor that he already had a better (one). (d) Supplementary Exercise. (Put the following into indirect discourse after er ergciljlte nn$, baft.) Marie had a brother. Marie's brother was Fred's friend. He was a young man and had brown hair. Last week he became very sick, and had his friend with him (bei fid)) all day. Monday evening at half past eight he got better, and now is quite well (gefnnb) again. LESSON LVII. (PAGES 76 ia-78 s.) THE SUBJUNCTIVE. WEAK AND STRONG VERBS. Semen ie antoenbig : Unfer 25ater in bem gintmet. )ein 9?ante toerbe geljetfiget. SDetn SRetd) fontme. )ein SBtCe gefdjetje attf (Srben, tote im tm* met. Unfer tagltd) SSwt gieb un$ Ijeute. Unb fcergieb un$ nnfere (d)ulben, tine ton: nnfern @t^u(btgern fcergeben. Unb fit^re nn^ ntc^t in 2?erfud)nng, fonbern erlofe un^ fcon bent ilbeL enn ein ift baS 9teia^ nnb bie $raft nnb bie errlic^leit in gnrigfeit 2lmen. (Stiangetinm @. 3Kattf)ai, vi. 9-13. Sftarttn Snt^er (1483-1546). SUBJUNCTIVE OF WEAK AND STRONG VERBS. 273 236. Subjunctive of fobeit, a Weak Verb. PRESENT. PAST. (bag) id) fobe (bag) id) lobte (bag) bit (obcft (bag) bit Iritcfi (bag) er lobe (bag) er lobte (bag) ttrir (obett (bag) ttrir lobtett (bag) tyr fobet (bag) iljr lobtet (bag) fie lobeit (bag) fie lobtett FUTURE. PERFECT. (bag) id) lobeu toerbe (bag) id) gefobt ^abe (bag) bu lobett luerbeft (bag) bit gebbt ^abeft (bag) er fobeit tucrbe, etc. (bag) er gefobt Ijabe, etc. PAST PERFECT. FUTURE PERFECT. (bag) id) gefobt Ijottc (bag) id) gefobt jjaben merbe (bag) bit gelobt l^itteft (bag) bit gebbt tyabeu toerbeft (bag) er gelobt l)atte f etc. (bag) er gelobt tyabeit ttierbe, etc. 237. Subjunctive of feljen, a Strong Verb. PRESENT. PAST. (bag) id) felje (bag) id) faijc (bag) bit feljeft (bag) bit fS^eft (bag) er felje (bag) er fal)e (bag) hnr fel)en (bag) luir fityen (bag) i^r fe^et (bag) tyr faljet (bag) fie fe^eit (bag) fie faljeit FUTURE. PERFECT. (bag) id) feljen tuer^e (bag) id) gefetyeit ljbe (bag) bit fefyen taerbeft (bag) bit gefcl)ett tyabeft (bag) er feljen tuerbe f etc. (bag) er gefeljeit l)nbe f etc. PAST PERFECT. FUTURE PERFECT. (bag) id) gefetyeit tyatte (bag) id) gefeljett ^aben tuerbe (bag) bit gefeljeu l)atteft (bag) bit gcfcljett Ijabeu merbeft (bag) er tjcfetyeit ptte, etc. (bag) er gefeljett l)abett ttierbe, etc. 274 SYNTAX. 238. Subjunctive of geljen, a Strong Intransitive Verb. PRES. (bag) id) gelje, (bag) bu geljeft, (bag) er gelje, etc. PAST, (bag) id) giitfle, (bag) bu gtugeft, (bag) er giuge, etc. FUT. (bag) id) geljeu tterbe, (bag) bu geljeu focrbeft, (bag) cr geljeu luerbe, etc. PERF. (bag) id) gegaugeu fei, (bag) bu gegaugeu feieft, (bag) cr gegaugeu fei, etc. PAST PERF. (bag) id) gegaugeu ttwre, (bag) bu gegaugeu toarcft, (bag) er gegaugeu ttwre, etc. EOT. PERF. (bag) id) gegaugeu few toerbe, (bag) bit gegangen fein werbeft, (bag) er gegangen fein toerbe, etc. 239. The Potential Subjunctive. The potential subjunctive, as in English, expresses a possibility or a contingency. It is like the conclusion of a condition, and is translated by may, might, could, or would : ($r Ijatte anbcr3 a3 ginge nid)t fo gut f that might not go so well. The conditional (see Lesson LVIII.) may be used instead of the potential subjunctive : ( ttmrbe fautn mogtic^ fetn. 2)a tt)iirbe turf)t jo gut ge^en. 240. The Optative Subjunctive. The optative subjunctive is used to denote a wish. As in English the verb precedes the subject, unless the wish is introduced by bag* The use of tenses is also like the English. $yjur or bod) is often used to strengthen the wish. SBare id) nur p $auf e f were I only at home ! $d), baft id) bod) meljr e(b Ijatte, oh, that I had more money'/ ingen toir mtr jeben Xag in^ X^eater, would that we went to the theater every day I THE OPTATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE. 275 (a) The Hortative Subjunctive is used for the imperative in the first and third persons. Soben ttrir, let us praise. Sefye er, let him see. @eien fie fleifjtg, let them be industrious. 241. Vocabulary. bie $laf'fe, bte faf?ett, IV, the ben'fen, badjte, gebarfjt. to think, class. of, an* Usually to use mental bet #He'gef, btc SHiejjef, I, the bolt effort as distinguished from glcm= (to the door). ben, to believe, to "guess," bie S^ra'dje, bte Spradjen, IV, ^e "reckon." language. Uerlan'jjen (weak), to ask, demand. be* 3 tt & bte Sn$t, II, ^e stroke; gtob f adj., coarse. train; (pi.') features. tyft^'ttd), adj., w#??/. liei'raten (weak), to marry. guriirf', adv., 6acA;, separable pre- fdjte'ben, f^ob r gef^obeit, io s/iove, fix for all verbs of motion. push. 242. Exercises. (a) 1. 3Ba fagten bte bret ^rinsen in ber @(fe? 2. 3Bie fonnte olbener atte ^oren, o^tie gefefjen ju tDerben ? 3. )ad)te ber grobe, ^d^It^e ^^9^ ba olbener tt)m folge? 4. SBaS {)orte olbener bte betben fagen? 5. SBarnm ^at er ben SRteget t)or bte Spr gefdpben? 6. @rf)(imte fief) bte ^rtnsefftn, ober f itr^tete fie ft(^ t)or ifjrem SSater ? (6) 1. r tjertangte, ba^ fie einen groben -Sager pirate, beffen giige fe^r fyafylify maren. 2. ^^ ba^te, ba^ t^r bie beutfcfye (gpra^e in eurer Sfaffe ftnbtertet 3. 3)n ^aft t?erlangt. ba id) ben 9?iege( t)or bie l)itr frfjobe. 4. 31I fie snrndlomnten h)oltte r ba^te fie nit^t, baft ber ng fo fpat lame. 5. 9Sare i$) nur retdj genug r nm {ene fd)one ante Ijeiraten jn Idnnen ! 6. er batfjte t)ieHei^t, ba^ e$ no^ ntc^t brei 58iertel elf 276 SYNTAX. fet. 7. cibe e nur jemanb in ber 2BeIt, ber nur Derlangte, geltebt gu toerben! 8. SBir fatten Me @a^e beffer nberfet, obgtetd) iwr bie pradEje nidjt fefjr gut Derftanbetu 9. 8W), baft id) auf bem Ijodjften Serge ftanbc unb Uber ba$ blaue 2)Zeer fcifye ! 10. @3 toare laum mog(id), bap er nod) Ijaftlicfjer (c) Pwi the quotation in the tense of the direct discourse. 1. I did not think that you learned the German language in that class. 2. My father demanded that his daughter marry a coarse, ugly tailor. 3. Without thinking of it (bar an) we told them that there was no train at half past seven. 4. Would that you had spoken with them when they were at the tailor's ! 5. Had I only a wife and three children and a little house! 6. It would have been colder in the garden than in the close room. 7. We should have succeeded, but it happened otherwise. 8. Had he but known that the train was (indie.) late! 9. The features of the hunter would have become coarse. 10. She was shot by the prince, or she might have married the hunter, although she did not want to. (d) Sin Srlcf. Dear Marie: I thought that you were happy in your new school. It would have been harder to stay in those other classes. You would have had too many sentences in the German language to write. The lessons (tunben) would have been longer and the exercises harder. Would that I were with you and had lessons with (bet) your good teacher ! Your friend, Fred. SUBJUNCTIVE OF MODALS. 277 LESSON LVIII. (PAGES 78 9-79 27.) SUBJUNCTIVE OF MODALS. CONDITIONS. THE CONDITIONAL MODE. gernen @ic auStoenbtg: Sines fd)iattfe b(eibett f if it rains, ice shall stay at home. SSetttt er fotttmt, mtrft btt bid) fretiett, if he comes, you will be glad. (6) The (conditional) subjunctive is used in the condition and conclusion of uncertain or contrary-to-fact conditions. As in English, the conclusion may be in the conditional. SBetttt id) 3eit J)atte f ttyate id) e3 gent (or ttmrbe id) e gern t^un), if I had time, I should gladly do it. ' 3d) fame (or id) tDiirbe fommen), toeim id) li?ttttte f / should come, if 1 could. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 279 Ijatte t getljatt (or ttmrbe eg getfjcm fyaben), toenn id) 3eit geljabt , I should have done it, if I had had time. (r tfyate c3 gem (or tmirbe e$ gent tfyun), toemt cr mem gfreunb ttwre, Ae would be glad to do it, if he were my friend. (c) The condition is usually expressed by the conjunction toentt, if. Either clause may precede. As in English, the order is inverted when toetttt is omitted. SBeitn cr mem gfreuttb fcwre, tljate er e3 gent, if he were my friend, he would do it gladly. (r tljate e gern f toenn er mctu Jyreuttb tuare f he would do it gladly, if he were my friend. 233arc er mein gfreunb, fo tfyate er e^ gern f roere he my friend, (then) he would gladly do it. @0 (compare English then) frequently introduces the conclusion. (d) The conditional subjunctive is also used after a($ (ob) and ate (tDentt). When ob or tDCtttl is omitted, the order is inverted ; @r f<>n^t r a( ob er triel ^elb ptte (or als pttc er t)tel elb), ^e pca&8 as i/ he had much money. (r ftetyt au, a( ob er Irani ttwre (or at ware er Irani), he looks as if he were sick. (e) There are only two differences between English and German conditional sentences. 1. English never omits if or though in the expressions as if, as though, while German may omit ftenn or ob and invert. 2. English forms the subjunctive or conditional by the use of the modals, might, should, etc., while German has the regular subjunctive and conditional as well as the modals. That would not go so well, ba8 ginge nicfyt fo gut, bag ttmrbe nidjt fo gut gefyen. It would scarcely be possible, e ttwre faum tnbgttd), e8 ftwrbe lanm tnogttd) fcin. 280 SYNTAX. 246. Vocabulary. bcr 25o'bCtt, Me 25iibett, I, the auf, with ace., for, in referring to ground, Jloor. future time ; for to-morrow, tmf Me ^off'mwg, Me ^affmtngen, IV, morgett ; for Monday, auf 9ttmt= hope. tfltj. Me fiuft, Me Siifte, II, the desire. toor, with dat., ago ; a week ago-, erbft'rfctt (weak), to catch sight of, tJor einer SBodje ; three days ago, notice. toot fcrei ageu, glan'^en (weak), gleam, shine. ttiUb, adj., wild. pffan'$ett (weak), to plant. pi)ttt, adj., tame, cultivated. 247. Exercises. (a) 1. 3Ba tft fcte ^ringefftn getrorben/lrenn fie nt(f)t ge* ftorben ift ? 2. gattc olbener bie ^rmjeffin getjeiratet, inenn fie f(^5ner gemefen lt)cire ? 3. 2Bof)in ift er gefommen, a( er in ben SBalb ging ? 4. grente er fid), ate er bie 33lnnten erbficfte? 5. ffidre er geblieben, lt)enn er bie ittte feine$ 2?ater^ gefunben ^cttte ? 6. 2Ba$ ^atte er get^an, baj} er an^ bem arten gefyen ntn^te ? (6) 1. SBenn bie Slumen nid^t gegldnjt Ijcitten, fo ^(itte id) fie nicfyt am Soben ^rbtidt. 2. atte id) Suft, biefe SRofen jn ^flan^en, fo tuttrbe id) balb einen fd)bnen, iDilben arten Ijaben. 3. 3Sor 5tnei Jagen lonnte id) bie 3htfgabe auf morgctt itber^ fe^en. 4. J)u I)atteft leine ^offnnng, ba^ bein SSater Je iDieber ^uritcffommen Jt>urbe. 5. $3) mod)te gern ^u aufe bteiben tt)enn meine 3tufgabe auf SKontag nur tierbeffert mare, 6. SBenn @ie 8uft ()aben, unb Qfye @a^e auf 3)?ittinod) gefdjrieben finb, f o tDotten fair in ben arten ge^en, urn gafynte $Rofen ?u pflanjen. 7. 28enn fie ein neue^ (eib ^atte ntat^en (affen, fo toiirbe fie t)iel fdjoner au^gefef)en Ijaben. 8. Qfy iDitrbe t)erfud^en, bir ju , irenn bu bein 33imbel Better tragen tpottteft. 9. 3Bare er PAST PEEFECT SUBJUNCTIVE OF MODALS. 281 f^neffer in Me @tabt gegangen, [o toare er ntd)t 511 fpat ge!om* men, nm nut bem ^uge ju faljren. 10. SBir Ijaben angefangen, ben @afc jn iiberfe^en, alS ob ttrir touftten, tt>a$ Me SBorte bebenten. (c) 1. If I were a fisherman and had a new net, I could catch many fish. 2. If you were emperor and had much money, you could have many castles and soldiers. 3. He whose ships bring him gold and silver ought to live in a beautiful palace. 4. He was looking to the right and left as if he had lost something. 5. She looks as if she were poor. 6. I should like to see your new house, if you have nothing better to do. 7. If we had such beautiful palaces, we also could be emperors, or at least kings. 8. I should be happier if I had gone home. 9. You ought not to sit down without trying to answer. 10. The man that was sent by him to his father was a young soldier. (d) Supplementary Exercise. Wherever possible write the conditions above with and without toenn, and the conclusions in both subjunctive and conditional. LESSON LIX. (PAGES 79 28-81 21.) PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE OF MODALS. Semen @tc cmStoenbig : entefte, tt>a$ bit ott befcfyteben, gntbef)re gem, ftm bn ntdjt Ijaft @tn jcbcr tanb Ijat fetnen grteben, gin jeber on euren geinben erbtidt tDorben. 7. @r ^fttte ni(^t fagen foffen^ baft er bte Stufgabe o^ne ^)tlfe geftf)rieben ^abe, tDenn fein Sruber i^nt babei ge^otfen tjatte, 8. u ^citteft ben 3^ e ifl n ^ ^ff^rfen, fonbern i^n tt)ad)fen taffen fotten* 9. 2l( \mv geftern urn brei 2SierteI ge^n fpasieren gegangen finb, ^aben tt)ir fyunbert ^errtid)e golbene ^Jofen tDad)fen fetjen. 10. tlnfer geinb tjiitte jientUd) f^mad) fein miiffen, fonft tocire-er nit^t fo lei^t ton un$ geft^tagen t^orben. (c) 1. This good man would not wear a black coat, if he were not the king's minister. 2. You ought to have had a new suit made without telling your mother anything about it 284 SYNTAX. (bdtton), oughtn't you ? 3. They must have worn their pretti- est dresses, otherwise they would not have been allowed to go to walk. 4. We ought not to have put the enemy into that splendid room, but into (the) prison. 5. She could not have come at quarter past five, but at quarter to seven. 6. At the entrance into the prison the boy must have been astonished to see a splendid golden rose growing. 7. Last Saturday, the twenty-third of March, I should have liked to go to walk, although I was not permitted. 8. Without waiting longer, you ought to have picked all the twigs that you had planted. 9. We could have read more books if we had wanted to be the best pupils in the class, couldn't we ? 10. Mr. Brown must have had not only an ox, but three cows and four big dogs. (d) gin rtef . Dear Fred : Oh, that you had let me know when you were coming ! You ought to have written me, and I should have met you at the train. Then we could have, gone to (in) the theater, and later perhaps for a walk. You must have thought that I was not at home. If I ever see you again, I will tell you all that we might have done. Your friend, Karl. LESSON LX. (PAGES 81 22-88 u.) EEVIEW. Sernen ie an$toenbtg : - Siegt bir eftern War ttnb off en, SBtrfft bu Ijeute frafttg fret, Sannft and) auf ein 3ftorgen Ijoffen, ntdjt mtnber gtitcfftcf) feu SBoIfgang Don oetfje (1749-1832), JZEVIEW OF SUBJUNCTIVES. 285 252. (1) a. Give the rules for forming the present and past subjunctive, b. For the future, perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. c. Name the four chief uses of the subjunctive. d. Which use differs most widely- from the English ? e. Give in detail the rules for this use, and illustrate each by two examples. (2) a. Do the potential and optative subjunctives differ from the English ? b. What forms of the subjunctive are used for imperatives ? (3) a. How is the conditional formed ? b. When is it used ? c. Distinguish between the conditional and the conditional subjunctive. d. Is the conditional a subjunctive ? e. Is the conditional of all verbs formed by the subjunctive of one particular verb ? /. If so, of what verb ? g. Give the rules for conditions. h. Are conditional sentences always in the subjunctive or conditional ? i. Give the two cases where German conditional sentences differ from English, j. Give the rule for the use of the past perfect subjunctive of the modals. Illustrate fully. (4) a. Explain and illustrate fully the uses of after and fonbenu 253. Vocabulary. ba3 250ot, bie S3ootc f II, the boat. bie ^Bet'Ie, bie SBettett, IV, the bie gaty'ne, bie gotten, IV, the wave. flag. jd'gen (weak), to hunt, chase. bie &r0'tte, bie $nmett f IV, the af 'fen (weak), with dative, to fit. crown. 254. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Ba tyfate olbener, ate er ben anberen fofgte? 2. SBie fonnte er auS bem arten gefyen, ofytte fcom olbatett 286 SYNTAX. gefeljen jn toetben ? 3. 3Ba$ !)at er auf bem SKeete gef el)en ? 4. at er etftaS d)one3 im Sfteete gefnnben? 5. SBatnm freitten fief) Me alien gftf djer ? 6. SBottten fie gern einen Sonig fyaben, ber bte Stone tragen tnittbe ? (5) 1. 2ftan ptte bem Sonig leine Stone geben fotten, toenn er feinem 3Solle nid)t beffet gefiele. 2. n i^ofiteft nid)t bte gtan, fonbetn t^te STodjtet Ijettaten ; abet e !onnte nidjt anbet^ fetn* 3. 3l(^, Ijatte td^ nnt etn ftetne^ 33oot, nm anf ben gto^en SBelfen im SKeete gn fasten! 4. 3Btt fagten i^nen, ba^ bie galjne entft^Ianb^ nidjt tot f fteift nnb b(an r fonbetn f^tnatj, toeift unb tot fet, . 5. SBenn bet 3^8 ^td^t nm Ijalb jetjn, fonbetn nm btet SStettel nenn ginge, fo ttwtben it)tt feine eit ^aben, ba$ 33ncf) sn bntdjblattetn, 6. fatten @ie nnt nod) etn titcf Zu&) ge^abt, fo fatten @ie etn t)ief f(^5nete Sletb madjen laffen !ijnnen. 7. Senn man etroaS fe^r nte^ ^at, fottte man jemanb anbetem ein ttentg baton geben, 8. SBenn bn ^ente fe^t gnt btft nnb tedjt flet^ig ftnbietft, iDetben tint anf 3Kontag leine bentfc^e 2lnfgabe ^aben, 9. Qe ^ei^et bet Jag getoefen tDate, befto langet tDaten tt)tt im S3oote anf ben SBellen geblieben, 10. Obgleid) id^ meinen nenen Slnjng ein toenig ftitfjet ^abe madden faffen, fo ^abe i^ meine SReife bod^ nid^t am onnabenb^ bem tnetjefynten Quli nm ^alb gttolf anfangen fonnen. (c) 1. He thought it was Saturday, although he ought to have known better. 2. Oh, that I had no exercise fro write, and could stay all day in my new boat ! 3. Had she been younger and more beautiful, the king would certainly have given her his crown. 4. If it rains or snows, we shall not go out (I)inan3gef)en) on the waves in our little boat, but shall remain at home. 5. If you had tried to bring your boat over those high waves, you would not have succeeded in arriving at the shore at half past six. 6. If they had not planted such GENITIVE AND DATIVE CASES. 287 beautiful roses in their garden, they could not have picked such magnificent flowers there last spring. 7. If we had stopped before you began to translate those long sentences, we should have enjoyed the German lesson more. 8. Had I but (ttltr) known that she was sick, I should not have taken the train at quarter to five, but should have waited another half hour. 9. You could have read the whole book without trying to trans- late all the sentences. 10. We could not have gone to walk, but must have stayed at home if it had not stopped raining. 11. He*could do it if he were permitted, but perhaps he will not want to. 12. Before we saw it, we thought that your house was much higher than ours. 13. It is said to be a long way to the city, but it could not have taken (bauent) more than two and a half hours. 14. Fred's new suit fits him pretty well; the one that you had made last month is better ; but mine (write three ways) is the best. 15. The boy began to do something bad, but he had to stop when his mother arrived. LESSON LXI. (PAGES 83 15-84 24.) GENITIVE AND DATIVE CASES. Semen @te anSttenbtg : SBenn man ba $5fe tf)nt, fiefjt man fur ftetn e an ; 2ftan ftel)t, tote gro e tft, erft toenn e tft get!)an, -grtebri^ 3tMert (1788-1866). 255. The Genitive Case. Besides its use as possessive (Les- son VI.) and with certain reflexive verbs (Lesson XL VIII.), the genitive is also used (a) to denote indefinite time and (5) with certain prepositions. 288 SYNTAX. (a) In contrast with the accusative of definite time (Les- son XXIII. ), the Genitive is used (1) with the indefinite article to express indefinite time; (2) with the definite article, it denotes regularly recurring time. (1) eine3 age3, one day. eute3 2lbcnb3, one evening. (2) fce3 2ibettt, in the evening (regularly}, every evening. fce3 9tt0rgeu3, every morning. (b) The genitive is used with toafjrenb, during, and preposi- tions which are translated into English by a phrase with of (instead of, in spite of, in the midst of, etc.). The most familiar are: cmftatt, aufterfyalb, innerfyalb, Me$feit$, jenfett$, inmttten, trofc, toaljrenb, and 238aljrettJ fce3 931onat^ f during the month. 3>nnittten feiiter ^rewtfce, in the midst of his friends. in spite of the iceather. 256. The Dative Case. Besides its use as indirect object (Lesson VII.) and with prepositions (Lessons XVI. and XVIII.) the dative is also used (a) with adjectives and (&) with verbs. (a) Adjectives which in English are followed by to usually take the dative in German. (r ift mtr Ueb f he is dear to me. mar wt fremfc, that was strange to us, S5uj!| ift fcem aitfcercn tUjtt(td), the book is like (to} the other. $a3 SScttcr ift mir angcncl)m r the weather is pleasant to me. (b) The following verbs which take the dative have been. given: cmtlDortett, begegnett, bcmfett, folgen, gefatten, ge^ f)oren, geltngett, gefrf)e!)en r glauben, ^effen. Besides these the commonest are bienen, broken, ge^ott^en, paffen, fd^met^eln. GENITIVE AND DATIVE CASES. 289 257. Vocabulary. ba3 Setytff, bie Sdjiffe, II, the ship. fremb, with dat., strange (to). befet'5en (weak), to occupy. Ultftatt', prep, with gen., instead of. bie'UCtt (weak), with dat., to serve. mt'gerljalb, prep, with gen., outside broken (weak), with dat., to of. threaten. bte3'fett, prep, with gen., on this 0el)0r'd)ett (weak), with dat., to side of. obey. tnmit'iett, prep, with gen., in the grii'gen (weak), to greet. midst of. paf'fen (weak), with dat., to fit. tn'uerl)atb f prep, with gen., inside fdjmei'djeltt (weak), with dat., to of. flatter. jett'feit^, prep, with gen., on the fc'geln (weak), to sail other side of. att'oettefjm, adj., with dat., agree- tti% prep, with gen., in spite of. able (to), pleasant. ttwty'rettb, prep, with gen., during. ftfyn'ttd), adj., with dat., similar roe'gen, prep, with gen., on account (to), like. o/, because of. 258. Exercises. (a) 1. 28urbe olbener toegen ber rmte t>on bem 25olfe ge* grit^t ? 2. SBcmtm freuten fid) feine Sriiber nidjt me^r ? 3. 3Ba^ fagte bie fc^cine, tret^e grau? 4. SBo tDaren bte Sritber toafyrettb ber langen ^a^re gebtieben? 5. 3Bof)m it)ottten fie }e^t gefyett? 6. at olbener jetnanb gefrfjicft, urn i^neti 3U bienen ? (6) 1. )er @(^netber r ber Mr etneS Jage^ btente, t)at bir ge* fc^met^elt, afe er fagte, bag ber SRocE bir paffe. 2. SBenn e^ i()r im fteinen Soote iDegen be$ SBetter^ nic^t angene^m ift, fo lann fie tDa^renb be @tur.me$ tm gro^en @cf)iffe fege(n, 3. rol$ fetner Siebe tDitrbe ba$ Sinb feinem 2$ater nidf)t gefyorcfjen, lt?enn biefer t^m bro^te. 4. 3lnftatt metne S3rubcr fanb id) tnctnc Gutter tnmitten ber Seute au^er^alb ber @tabt. 5. Jrolj be^ tt)urbe ba^ @cl)iff t?on t)ielen ??remben befe^t. 6. em 290 SYNTAX. 33ruber tft Mr feljr ciljnltd), aber er tft mtr ntd)t fo cmgenef)m\ 7. @3 ttwrbe un$ triel angenefymer fetn, tt)enn unfere greunbe un$ ntd)t frfjmetdjelten, fonbern btenten. 8. ro}$ tfyrer fdjimen Ietber l)iitte fie bem armen SJidbd^en ntdjt broken (ollen, at$ e$ fie gru^te* 9. er Saltier tft bem ernt 53raun nt(i)t d^nltc^ ; er tft mtr gems fremb. 10. SDtejentgen, tDelc^e ben $ontgen btenen, mitffen i^ren 2Keiftern oft fcfymetdjetn, lt)enn fie tfjnen gelprcfyetu (c) 1. One evening this castle of the count was occupied by the knights who ought to have served and obeyed him. 2. On account of her money the people inside of the city flattered her. 3. If your coat had not fitted you better than mine, it would have been like the others. 4. We said that we had learned German, not because of the book, but in spite of it (be$felben). 5. I could do it if I had to, but I shall not be permitted. 6. The ship was occupied by those who had wanted to sail all day. 7. Outside the little city it was not very pleasant during the storm. 8. Instead of threatening the man, he flattered him and served him, but he got nothing good from it. 9. You are said to be like your brother, although he is older than you. 10. JSTobody could have had a coat made that would have fitted me better than yours. (d) Sine efcfjtcfjte. Outside the city were many people who would not serve the king. During the day they occupied his castle where he stood in the midst of his soldiers. At first the king threatened the people, then he flattered them ; but they would not obey him in spite of his pleasant words. One day when they had stayed inside the city a whole week, the king had many new houses built for them outside the city, and then they were quite contented. CONJUNCTIONS. 291 LESSON LXII. (PAGES 86 13-87 19.) CONJUNCTIONS. Semen @ie auStoenbtg : )u bift tote eine 33(ume, @o Ijolb unb fd)on itnb rein ; $tf) fcfyau' bid) an, unb SBe^mut @d)Ietd)t mtr in$ @ers fytnein. 9Wtr tft, ate ob tc^ bte anbe 2tof$ anpt btr legen foflf , Setenb, ba ott btc^ cr^altc @o rein nnb fd)on nnb fjotb. ri(^ eine (179T-1856). 259. Conjunctions. Conjunctions are divided into three classes : (a) The general connectives, unb, and ; aber (atfetn, fonbern), but; benn,/or; ober, or. They connect coordinate clauses, and do not affect the order. $u ftumft bfetbett f aber i^ mcrbe nad) ^paufe 8cI|Ctt f you may stay, but 1 shall go home. 1>u famtft nifyt blcitiett f fottbcrn bit ntufjt na^ ^aufe geljcn, you cannot stay, but you must go home. SBartc ttidjt auf mirf) f bctin ir^ faun mdjt lommen f don't wait for me, for I cannot come. (6) The conjunctive adverbs, such as atfo, accordingly ; bod), but; bennodj, yet; etc. They are really adverbs, and when they come first in a clause, they cause inversion. (r tooljttte in cincr ffetttett iitte r bod) ttwr cr immer jufrtcben, he lived in a little cabin, yet he was always contented. 292 SYNTAX. ($r fouttte ben SBrief nidjt lefett, affo serrig er iljn, he could not read the letter, so he tore it up. (c) The subordinating conjunctions, such as bdJ3, that; toetf, because; at, when; bd, /or, as; tote, 7iow?, as; obgtetd), although, etc. These introduce subordinate or dependent clauses, and require the dependent order. (r fal) r bag id) letn SBitd) tyatte, Tie saw 7*a I had no book. (r ttwr trauria,, toetl feittc gran ^mtigin toerben ttwflte, 7ie was sad, be- cause his wife wanted to become queen. S5entt, ba, and toeU are used interchangeably just as their English equivalents /or, as, and because, but betttt does not affect the order of the subordinate clause. 260. Modified Verbals. Keview 185, e. When the Eng- lish verbal is modified by a possessive, German uses a clause with bdj} instead of the infinitive with gu : He came without seeing me, er lam f oljtte mid) gtt fetyen* He came without my seeing him, er fam f P^lte ba| id) iljtt fal), Instead of going, he came home, anftatt 511 tjetyett, fam er ttad) $aitfe Instead of my taking the book, he wishes you to peep it, auftfttt ba i(^ ba S5ud> neljme, luiittfdjt er f bag bit eS bel)a(tft. 261. Vocabulary. ber SBo'te, be^ S5oten f V, ^e mes- befeI)'(ett(befie^t) f lJefa^ f befol)Iett f senger. with dat., id command. bie et'mat (no pi.), tae Aome beljal'teti Cbel)dtt),bel)ie(t, bel)altett f {native city or district). to keep. ber fiolju, bie Siiljue, II, pay, Uerbte'nen (weak), to earn, deserve. reward. bamit', conj., usually with subjunc., ber 6d)mieb f bie @d)miebe f II, the in order that, that. smith. titd)'ti(J f adj., thorough. ber SSa'gen, bie SSagen, I, the ttwljr, adj., true. wagon, carriage. MODIFIED VERBALS. 293 262. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Ba tooftte S^wn toerben? .2. at er groften 8ol)n tterbient? 3. SBie fange mujste er bet bem SKcifter bleiben? 4. 28a$ mufete man tfynn, bamit man ein tucfytiger djmieb ftmrbe ? 5. SBann lam man ftueber in bie eimat? 6. SBar biefe$ alte$ iuatjr in entf cfylanb fcor mandjen $al)reti ? (6) 1. er djmieb terbiente feinen 8o^n, benn er fyatte feine eimat tserlaffen, anftatt jn anfe jn bteiben nnb til^tig ju arbeiten. 2. ie !ijftemel, a river (sometimes called Niemeri) in the extreme north- east of Germany. These four names stand for the north, south, west, and east bounda- ries of Germany. 263. Word Order. Review : Order of Infinitives, Lesson IX., 48 ; of Past Participles, Lesson XL, 58, (a) ; of Objects, Lesson XVII., 86 ; Inverted Order, Lesson XVIIL, 90. 264. The Inverted Order is used (a) as in English, in Inter- rogative and Imperative Sentences. (6) In Declarative Sentences introduced by some word other than the subject and its modifiers. (c) In Conditional Clauses when toenn (if) is omitted. 265. The Dependent Order is used in Dependent Clauses intro- duced by a relative or a subordinating conjunction (baft, Weil, ba, ftenn, al3, etc.). Note that benn is followed by the normal order. (a) In Subordinate Clauses where both participle and infini- tive (two infinitives) occur, the inflected verb (auxiliary) pre- cedes instead of following them. (r fagte, imf? er e3 nidjt tyabe tljun fiwnen, he said he wasn't able to do it. SYNTAX. 266. In the Normal Order the subject with its modifiers pre- cedes the predicate with its modifiers. The Subject and its Modifiers. (a) As in English, phrases and clauses modifying the sub- ject follow it, and unmodified adjectives precede. But, con- trary to English usage, a modified participle precedes its noun and is preceded by its modifiers. The bench standing in the garden, bic tttt artett fteljettbe A book written by an old man, eiu uon cittern aftctt SJtatttt gefdjrtebette^ Bud), The Predicate and its Modifiers. (b) The inflected verb (auxiliary in compound tenses) comes directly after the subject, except that particles (aber, ieborf), jttar, etc.) may intervene. (See page 88, line 10; page 89, line 20, etc.) (c) In the present and past, a separable prefix is removed to the end of the clause : (r futg fogteiti) an, he began at once. (r madjte Me Xljitr 5tt, he shut the door. (d) The infinitive and participle of compound tenses stand at the end of the sentence : (r Ijatte trie Xljitr sttgemad)t f he had shut the door. 3d) tterbe beittett ^mtttfc fetyett, / shall see your friend. 3d) muft g$affer tyolett, I must fetch water. (e) Adverbs stand: (1) time, (2) place, (3) manner: 293tr Ijaben ttjtt Ijcttte itberall fletftuj geftti^t, we have hunted for him to-day diligently everywhere. "Ste SHttfocr f^telett petite bratt^cn tm Sonttettf^eitt, the children are playing to-day out of doors in the sunshine. WORD ORDER. 297 (1) Adverbs of time usually precede objects, except pro- nouns : 3d) tyabe ttym geftertt cinen Dfarf gel anft, / bought him a coat yesterday. (r Kurt) $I)tteu bait) fca3 $ud) geben, he will soon give you the book. (2) In main clauses adverbs must never be placed between subject and verb : 3d) gelje nic in Me Stafct, / never go to the city. (3) A phrase follows a single word : gtngett geftertt in Me tabt, we went into the city yesterday. (4) When ntdjt or nte modifies a general statement, it stands at or near the end : 3d) toetf? e3 uid)t f / do wo know. $d) Ijabe ba S3uc^ me gef e^en f I have never seen the book. (5) Otherwise it stands immediately before the word or phrase it negatives : 3d) bin tyeute itidjt fety* frity aufgeftanbett, / did not get up very early to-day. ie ftetyen me fe^v frill) auf f you never get up very early. (/) A personal pronoun, whether the direct or indirect object, stands directly after the simple predicate or auxiliary : (r Ijat ntir trie gait^e efd)td)te er5at)lt, he has told me the whole story. (r gab e3 bem Se^rer, he gave it to the teacher. (g) If both direct and indirect objects are personal pronouns, the accusative comes first : 3d) tyabe e3 itym gegeben, / have given it to him. Qi) If both objects are nouns, the indirect object (dative) usually comes before the direct (accusative) : 3d) tyabe bem tttie ntein SBud) gegeben, 7 gave the child my book. 298 SYNTAX. (i) Practically all these special rules come under the general rule that the more emphatic parts of a German sentence come nearest the end. Thus, in the last example the emphasis falls on meitt 33ndj. But if the question is asked: To whom did you give your book ? so that to the child is the emphatic part, German says : 3rt) Ijflbc incut $urf) bcm fttitfcc gcgcbctu 267. Vocabulary. fccr ebttrt3'tag, btc cburt3tagc, aufatcljcn, pg auf, aufgesogen, to II, birthday. bring up. bie 3Ren'ge, btc 9Wcttgcn r IV, crowd, ttcrge'tjeu, merging, uergangen (fern), berStfottb, fote SOfawbe, II, the moon. to pass (by or away), usually of fcie SBcft'e, &tc 333eftcn f IV, vcs*. time. tutfttwdjfctt (md(^ftauf),ttjud)^ aitf, ticr5ci'^ctt f ticr5te!| f tJcr^teljcn, with aufgcttJa^fcn (fein), to grow up. dat., to pardon. frill), adj. or adv., early. fcitmt, adj., thin. 268. Exercises. (a) 1. 9Bte fangt btcfc cf^ic^te an? 2. a tf)at ate bie anberen Stnber in ber @tabt fpietten? 3. 2Ba^ ()at er oom atten SKanne gdernt? 4. 2Ba^ ^aben bie 8eute i^n ge^ fragt? o. SSer ^at tl)n anfjie^en tnotten? 6. 2Bar biefer etn fel)r guter (6) 1. SSor t^rem nennten eburt^tage tnnrbe fie fo gen, bap fie toeber frf)5ne gtebcr ftngen, nod) gnte 23ud)er (efen it)o((te. 2. (gfye er anfgemadjfen luar, ftanb ber bnnne ffeine S?nabe fef)r frit^ auf, urn ^u arbetten, benn er ^atte tDeber 33ater, noc^ 3)?utter. 3. Qfy ntocfyte @ie fe^r gern ^^r nene 8ieb ftngen ^ijren ; aber bie 3dt tierge^t fo f djuett, ba^ @te mir trerben miiffcn. 4. gritf) geftern abenb nm ^alb acf)t frf)ten WOED OEDEE. 299 ber 3ftonb fo Mar, ba$ ttrir btc 2ftenge bort ganj gut fdjen tonn* ten. 5. 5Du ^aft tteber SRocf, nod) SBefte, toeber @d)nl)e, nodj nt, boc!) fdjeinfi bu immer glttdtid)* 6. @ie toaren titdjt fo fritl) angefommen, fatten fie nidjt gegtanbt, baft ttrir tfjnen ntdjt tterjetfien ttitrben, toenn fie fpater famen. 7. @tb bein SKcffcr Jenem biinnen SBtrte, fonft lonnte er bid) (anger Ijier be^atten. 8. ^iejenigen Sinber, met^e nid)t triffen, IDO iljre ^Rbde unb SBeften finb, ii)erben laum jur re^ten 3 eit fommen !onnen. 9. a e^ niemanb gab, ber ben tnaben anfjiefyen ttJoQtc, mu^te er Don bent alten Seller anfgejogen trerben. 10. $d) fcf)time mtd^ ntd^t itber meine alte SBcfte, fonbern frene mid), ba- iti) nod) feine Snopfe Derloren fjabe. 11. )ie iDZenge ^at bem jnngen, Don bem alten Setter anfgejogenen SMbdjen nit^t Der*- jei^en tDotten. (c) 1. Pardon me, but is that your vest that is lying there on that chair? 2. My last two birthdays passed very quickly, without my knowing that I had already grown up. 3. If I did not have such a beautiful new vest, I should not now be ashamed of my old one. 4. Had you not been brought up in the city, you would not have been so thin on your four- teenth birthday. 5. We shall give these books neither to the richest children nor to the poorest, but to those who have remembered us best. 6. When they had all grown up they wished that they had been brought up otherwise, didn't they ? 7. Out of the house came an old man, yet everybody thought there was nobody in it. 8. A better book than this from which one might learn the German language does not occur to me. 9. Yesterday evening in the fields there was a great crowd that had come there to see the moon. 10. If she doesn't sing that beautiful old song before the evening passes, we shall never forgive her. 300 SYNTAX. (d) gin Srtef . Dear Ernest : Yesterday was Fred's birthday. The years pass very fast, for he is certainly growing up. We all went early into the wood to please Fred. The good (fdjon) weather lasted all day, and during half the evening the moon shone. But late,r it began to rain, and the storni lasted an hour and a half, so that we were very tired when we arrived at home. If it only hadn't rained ! Your friend, John. LESSON LXIV. (PAGES 89 20-91 10.) IDIOMATIC PARTICLES. )odf), Qa, 9?odf), @cf)on, 2Bol)t. (TTlis Lesson may be omitted at the discretion of the teacher or post- poned till later in the course. The rest of the Lessons in the book are Reviews, and may be left till the second year of German.) Lenten @te SDWr urirb Don attem bent fo bttmm, 211$ gtng' tntr etn 3ftitf)Irab tm $opf f)erum* 3u ttrirft tyeute tool)! nidjt fommeu, you won't come to-day p , will you? $>0d), yes, (oh, but I shall}. abett Sic few eft> ? have you no money? $>od), yes, (but I have). (b) It means but in strengthening a negative and pray or do (emphatic) in strengthening an imperative. It may also be 302 SYNTAX. translated in the first case (with the negative) by repeating the subject and auxiliary as a question. u Ijaft bod) etnett langen Ofotf, why, what a long coat you have ! or well, you have a long coat ! 272. 5ftodj is used (besides its regular meaning of still, more, yet) whenever the idea of yet or more enters into an English sentence. It is not expressed in English. <3old) etnc fdjone gHume tyabe id) nod) tttc gefeljett, I never saw such a lovely flower. 2Scr fonft nod)? who else? 273. @df)0tt is used whenever the idea of already or of all right enters into an English sentence. 3d) bin fdjott bn getuefen, I've been there. $)a fommt er fdjon, there he comes (now). ^d) foerbe e3 fr^on tfyitn fonncn, ril be able to do it, all right. 274. 2BoI)t is used whenever the idea of probability enters an English sentence. It may be translated perhaps, probably, I think, or by any phrase showing lack of certainty. $>u ttiirft Ijeute tool)! nidjt fommeit, you (probably) won't come to-day, will you ? r ift wol)l ftarit, he is sick, I think. IDIOMATIC PARTICLE 8. 303 (a) 2Bol)l may mean it is true, certainly. 2Bo1)l l)ali r id) c3 gcfctycn. $>a3 Ijflljc Sdjlofopm Sftccr, (Page 85, lines 9 and 10.) (&) 3Bol)l is generally not English well, except sometimes in speaking of health. . $>a3 tyaft bit gut gettyatt, you did that well. >a3 Ijaft bit ttiol)! gct^an, ?/ow did that, didtft you? You probably did that. (c) Well in English is gnt for the regular adverb ; nun for the exclamation. 275. Turn now to pages 34 and 35, 44 and 45, and 60 and 61 in the Eeading and examine the uses of: ja, pp. 35, 13 ; 35, 14 ; 35, 25 ; 44, 1 ; 44, 7 ; 61, 24 ; 61, 28. bod) f pp. 35, 12 ; 35, 13 ; 35, 16 ; 44, 23 ; 44, 28 ; 60, 4. tt0rf) f pp. 35, 12 ; 35, 15 ; 44, 10 ; 44, 21 ; 44, 24 ; 60, 14 ; 60, 16. fdjon, pp. 34, 17 ; 34, 24 ; 45, 2 ; 61, 22. ttJflt)!, pp. 60, 2 ; 60, 20. Have pupils notice other cases elsewhere. 276. Vocabulary. bet SBart, bic SBarte, II, the beard. bcr efrwg', btc efattge, II, the ber ^oftor, bic $)0ftomt f IV, the song, singing. doctor, bic <3a'djc, bic Sadjctt, IV, the bcr gflit'gel, bic ??(iigcl f I, the wing. thing, the affair. bic (M'gc, bic cigen, IV, the bic ci'fe, bic <5cifcit f IV, the soap. violin. rcd)t' Ijabctt (weak), to be right. 277. Exercises. (a) 1. SBarttm nanntcn ttjn Me ?eute , f err oftor"? 2. 8Ba$ t^at grt^ fur fctncn SKctftcr? 3. Sie tange tft er bet 304 SYNTAX. fetnem SKetfter geblteben? 4. SBarnm fyat er gefyen milffcn? 5. 2Ba fyat ber 33ogel iljm gefagt. 6. SBo wareti bte $inber (6) 1. Ser err of tor tft bod) ntd)t felber Irani. 2. gs tft nn3 bodj nodj ntd)t getnngen, btefe fdjonen efcinge jn fingen. 3. (3 ift etnem ja gans angenefym, ipenn man fidf) .ben 33art mtt @eife iDafdjt. 4. er oftor l^at tDO^t etne @etge unter feinen Sadjen. 5. Sinen SSogel mtt fold) fdjonen glitgeln ^aft bu IDO^I no^ nte gefe^en. 6. o^, t^ fjabe fcf)on mandje fold)e 33ijgel gefefyen. 7. ^omme bodj, tt)tr roollen nod) etn paar efange ftngen, 8. 2Barte bot^ ; id) !omme fd)on ; tt)tr toerben bod) too^I $tit genng I)aben. 9. ^a, aber e^ tft nod) etn better SBeg. 10. m ^aft ino^I rec^t, aber id) modjte bod) ntd^t fo toeit tDanbern. (c) 1. Why, those songs are not the ones the doctor played on his violin. 2. Yes, (they are) ; he probably found them among his things, but n.ow he doesn't want to play them after all. 3. That little bird probably can't use its wings (yet). 4. I couldn't hear you sing at all (gar), so I wanted to come right into the room where you were. 5. The man with the long beard hasn't (yet) found any soap among his things. 6. You haven't any more things (yet) in that bag, have you ? 7. Pray give me some more water in this tea; it is (still) much too strong. 8. But you mustn't wander too far ; you will have (yet) a great deal (tnef) of time to play in the wood before we go home. 9. Do forgive me ; I really had to look at those splendid wings on your hat, for I had never (yet) seen any like (them). 10. Oh, don't do that; why, you don't need to go any further ; they will find us here all right, I think. (d) Conversation (use as many expletives as you can). "Oh, do stop singing those songs." " I can't ; you see I've got to REVIEW. 305 learn them." " But, you'll have lots of time for that." " No, I shan't (ntdjt bod)), for to-morrow I shall have to go to the city, I think. Haven't you anything at all (gar) to do?" " Oh, yes ; why, I ain helping the doctor every day." LESSON LXV. (PAGES 91 ii-92 27.) REVIEW. Semen @ie cmft>enbtg : 3ftagft bu bie 8iige nocl) fo !Iug Qn ba ett>cmb ber 3BaI)rl)ett ffetben, )er )iimmfte i(t nidjt bitmm genug, Urn beibe ntcfyt 311 unterfdjetben* -ft* 2K. tion Sobenftebt (1819-1892). 278. (1) a. What kind of prepositions govern the genitive ? 6. Name the commonest ones. c. Give three other important uses of the genitive, and illustrate each. d. Distinguish be- tween the German ways of telling definite, indefinite, and recurring time. Illustrate each. (2) a. Give the rules for the four chief uses of the dative case. 6. Name ten verbs that govern the dative. c. What kind of adjectives take the dative in German? (3) a. How many kinds of conjunctions are there in Ger- man ? b. How do conjunctive adverbs affect the order ? c. Subordinating conjunctions ? d. What word order follows each of these conjunctions: fonbent, bod), aber, obgteid), ba, benn, ba, at$, fonft, tuenn ? 306 SYNTAX. (4) a. Give the rule for the use of Dependent Order. What exception occurs ? b. Give the three main rules for Inverted Order. Illustrate each. c. What is the only difference be- tween English and German as regards the subject and its modifiers? Illustrate. d. In what order do adverbs stand? e. What is the position of ntdjt and nie ? /. Do adverbs some- times come between subject and predicate as in English ? If so, when ? g. Give the position of the separable prefix in all tenses for the normal order, and in the present and imperfect for the Dependent Order. li. Where do the infinitive and participle stand? i. Give and illustrate all the rules for position of objects. j. What general rule covers almost all cases of normal word order ? &. Prove it from the illustra- tions you have given. 279. Vocabulary. ber $>0rn, bie $ontett,- IV, the ber &?a'gen, Me ragett, I, the col- thorn, lar. btc @Jj're, bie <$l>rett, IV, the ba3 Se'bett, bic Sebett, I, (the) life, honor. bic SteHe, bic Stellen, IV, the bie Jlei'dje, bic gfffityett, IV, the place, surface. fity'ren (weak), to lead. iiberall', adv., everywhere. 280. Exercises. (a) 1. 2Bol)ttt tft grt bem 2?oget gef olgt ? 2. 9Ba3 ^at tf)tn ber Huge 3Soge( gefagt ? 3. Sie faf) ber 5Re(J au^ r ol^ cr aM bem ffiaffcr !am ? 4. 9Ba$ I)at er getfycm, ate er fid^ auf ben Stein fefete? 5. gitr^tete ftd^ ber 9?ed i)or gri^? 6. 2Ba3 ^at grii^ gefagt, ate ber 5Rc(I fic^ tDteber geigte ? (6) 1. ^ene @tcQc tear nn^ nie^t fe^r angene^m r benn totr fonnten nn^ toegen ber ornen nicf)t fe^en. 2. )er Wiener REVIEW. 307 badjte e fet erne fefyr groe (gfyre, bem tintge bienen jn !onnen, abet trofe ber gljre, geftel e$ iljm ntd)t, etnen fo Ijofyen Sragen tragen jn mitffen* 3. Qfy toerbe bid) anerl)afb ber Stabt an etnen Sad) fitfyren, beffen gtcidje nut fdpnen SInmen nnb gritnen Slattern bebedt ift. 4. (gtneS Staged mirft bn einem Sftabcfyen begegnen, ba btr fefyr tieb tperbcn trb ; bann mirft bu bid) feiner nid)t fd)amen, 5. Sttte, f ittjre mid) an jene Don Stnnten be* becfte tefie im btden 2Batbe. 6. @ giebt !eine ofyne ornen tna^fenben Stofen, aber im arten finb tiiele mit )ornen be* bedte Slumen. 7. )er junge c^itler fing an, ba$ Don t^m ocrlorcnc SBntf) liberal! flei^ig jn fnc^en, aber er gab e na^ einiger 3ett auf* 8. ^eben SKorgen ge^en @tc auf bie SSiefe nm jene frtt^er Don Qljntn gefe^ene SInme ^n finben ; eine^ age$ merben @ie fie not^ einmat fe^en. 9. 9Bir ^orten g(eid) auf, ba^ Snt^ ?n ftnbieren, ba tt)ir btefe efange nid)t I)aben lernen tnotten* 10. SBenn ber oltor ba Don itjm ge!anfte au nit^t fjatte Derlanfen !onnen, fo lt)itrbe er nod) immer barin ttjoljncn mttffcn. (c) 1. He found his brother in the midst of his friends, and led him to a place inside the village. 2. In spite of the high thorns which tore my beard, I penetrated the wood. 3. If the prince had not threatened you, you would perhaps have served him during his whole life on account of the great 'honor. 4. From that little hut built in the wood, I could see a brook flowing through the meadow. 5. If you had wanted to arrive sooner that evening, you ought not to have stayed so long inside the city, ought you ? 6. One evening I saw many big fish, but that afternoon when you were with me I did not see anything at all, although we had fished all day. 7. Do not give up ; try to translate the sentence written by the teacher ; it really is quite easy, although it looks hard. 8. We could 308 8YNTAX. not have found the collar (that was) lost by my brother unless we had looked for it industriously everywhere. 9. They did not give my little brother a (not a = ?) rose covered with thorns, but a pretty white flower surrounded with leaves. 10. Do you remember the evening when you wanted to hear me sing that new song ? I will sing it some day. (d) Sine efcf)trf)te. One day we all wanted to go into the woods. A storm threatened us and it rained during the whole afternoon, but in spite of the rain we began our trip. We remembered the bread and meat, but some one forgot t,he milk, so I had to fetch it in a big pail. Inside the wood it did not rain so hard, so it was very pleasant for us. We did not arrive at home till (not till, erft) quarter to nine in the evening. LESSON LXVI. (PAGES 92 28-94 10.) STRONG OR IRREGULAR VERBS. CLASS L REVIEW LESSONS I.-XV. 281. There are Seven Groups or Classes of strong verbs. These will be treated in the next seven lessons together with a complete review of the whole book. 282. Class I. The class containing the largest number (about forty) -of strong verbs has o for the root vowel of both the past and the past participle. (a) The o may be long or short. The root vowel of the infinitive is usually e, te, or it. (6) Of the verbs in this class the following have occurred : biegen, bend; flte^en, floiv; fdjtefcen, shoot; fd)(ie|ett, shut; and Derlierett, lose. STRONG VEBBS CLASS 2. 309 283. Vocabulary. bte gie'bef, bte giebefa, IV, the lie. ber $al, bte a(fe, II, ^e throat, front of neck. bte $erfott', bte ^erfonen, IV, the person. bte Sci'be, bte 6etben, IV, the silk. bte Xtyra'ne, bie Straiten, IV, jfte ear (written also ratte in the revised spelling). betrii'gen, betrog, befrogett, o cheat, deceive. bte'tett, bot, gebotett, to offer. fed/ten (ftd)t), foctjt, geforfjten, to fight, fence ; with, mtt or gegen* |ieri)'tett (f(td)t),flod)t, twine, weave. flte'l)ett f f(ol) f run away. ftte'gen, flog, geffogett (fein), to fly. frte'ren, fror, gefmett, to freeze. genie'^eu, gettog f genoffen, to enjoy. gte'fjen, go^ r gegoffen f to pour. tye'bett, 1)0(3, ge^oben, ^o lift, raise. lanfdj'en (weak), to listen (atten- tively). (ijftty'en, lofd), gefofdjett, to put out (of a light). Hi'gen, log, gefogen, to (tell a) lie. tnef !ett, mod, gemollen, to milk. qitel'Ien (qitittt), qitoH, gequoJIen (fein), to gush. rte'djen, ro^ f gero^en, to smell. fdjal'fen, fd)oll, gef^oUen, to sound, resound. ban!'bar, adj., grateful. tttt'battfbar, adj., ungrateful. 284. Exercises. (a) Let the pupils bring to the class ten short German questions, the ansivers to which will tell the part of the story in to-day's lesson. (&) All the principles are in each of these Exercises I. and IL They may be used as alternates. (I.) 1. The soldier did not try to flee when his daughter twined her arms about his neck. 2. The bird is flying over the ice in the frozen river. 3. When the water gushes out of the ground, we shall lift a pail and pour it into this glass. 4 That ungrateful person has deceived the girl who had offered her a piece of silk for a new dress. 5. (The) tears 310 SYNTAX. gushed from the eyes of the grateful boy when he listened and heard his father's fiddle sound. 6. Do not put out the light before they stop fighting; they will not enjoy that. 7. I have never sraelled anything better than these roses. 8. You have fought with several soldiers in Berlin, but you did not enjoy it. 9. We did not lie and deceive you when we said that we could milk the cow. 10. The man who had cheated me has offered his ungrateful brother this fiddle that I lost. 11. After (nacf)bem) you have milked the cow, pour the milk into this pail; it will not freeze. 12. Instead of fighting with the fisherman the pupil fled with his dog into the woods, where there were wolves and many other animals. (II.) 13. A year ago the man fled from a bear, but deceived us and lied in telling us the story. 14. When you hear an old person play the fiddle, you should listen (attentively) and you will enjoy it. 15. The young girl offered the thirsty child a cup of milk, but he was ungrateful and poured it on the ground. 16. The fiddle that the fisherman has raised and laid against his throat will, resound through the whole house. 17. When you had put out the light, the room smelled. 18. When I was milking the cow> the milk was warm ; now it will freeze, for it is so cold here. 19. We all listened and heard water gushing from a big rock. 20. How can I milk the cow in the evening in winter, if you put the light out ? 21. You deceived us when you said that the river was frozen; there was no ice on it. 22. The children twined a crown out of leaves and flowers, and offered it to the boy. 23. I lifted the poor frozen bird that could not fly and laid it in a warm place. 24. He who fights and runs away may fight again some day. 25. We raised the pupil's book from the bench, and offered it to the other boy. STRONG VERBS CLASS I. 311 LESSON LXVII. (PAGES 94 n-95 21.) STRONG OR IRREGULAR VERBS. BE VIEW LESSONS XVL-XXV. CLASS I. (continued). 285. Vocabulary. ber SBeu'tel, Me 23eutd, I, the bag, fd)tt)d'(ett (jdjtmttt), fdjttwfl, ge= pouch. fctytooilett (fein), to swell. bcr rtff, Me riffe, II, tae handle, fpne'ffen, fprofe gefpwffen (fein), ^e grasp. to sprout. ba3 9?eid), bie O^ett^e, II, zfte reaZw, tJcrbnc'^cn, ticrbrofe ticrbroffcn, o kingdom. vex, annoy. fdje'reu (fc^tcrt), f(^or f aefrf)0ren, o nia'gcn, shear, shave. (active). fc^ie'tiett f ft^ob f gcf(i)obcn f o s^ove. tue'tien, Wo fdjmel'aett (fdimUjt), f^rnola, ge^ toie'0en r toog, gcttiogctt, o we^ fd)mol5Ctt f to melt. (be of weight") (neuter). f djtttf'ren, frfjttor or f d)tt>ur r ge- *ie'tyen r gog r aeaorjcu, ^o draw, pulL fd)ttiorett f to swear (take oath, fii f adj., sweet. not to curse). 286. Exercises. (a) Let the pupils bring to the class ten short German questions, the answers to which will tell the part of the story in to-day j s lesson. (b) All the principles are treated in each of these Exercises I. and II. They may be used as alternates. (I.) 1. The teacher's grasp weighed heavily on the stupid pupil's shoulder. 2. Fred's mother had woven him a pouch out of white silk, but she would not give it to him because he vexed her. 3. The sweet tones of the fiddle swelled through the clever old man's house. 4. Last spring many little flowers sprouted before the ice had melted. 5. This brown horse 312 SYNTAX. will draw that big piece of wood out of the woods into the town, if you will weigh it. 6. I swear to you that I did not shove that boy against your friend who was shearing your beard and hair, 7. Yesterday all day the king was vexed, so one of his servants told him a story of a big storm on the sea. 8. The Emperor's son, the prince, swore that he had neither drunk a glass of wine nor eaten a piece of bread since morning. 9. The smallest room in my friend's castle in the country hasn't any windows. 10. The servants cannot shove such a big piece of ice into the palace before some of it will have melted. 11. The sweet tones of that beautiful violin swelled through the palace of the richest count in the kingdom. 12. This big table weighs too much ; we could not shove it into the next room, so we had to fetch the servants to help us pull. (II.) 13. Many trees sprout and shove their little twigs into the sunshine, before all the snow has melted. 14. I swear that I can cut (fcfyerett) your hair beautifully without vexing you. 15. You seized the door by (cmt) the handle and shoved it with your shoulder, but you could not open it ; it remained shut. 16. I am vexed because my shoulder is swollen so that I cannot pull anything. 17. She wove him a pouch for his money, but he was ungrateful and would not offer her any- thing for it. 18. It did not please the king to help the peo- ple who dwelt outside of his little kingdom. 19. The king swore he had heard no such sweet tones in the whole kingdom. 20. Out of the woods through the fields to the castle he pulled the dead wolf which weighed so much. 21. The servants of the prince have pulled that big table into his room in order to lay the knives, forks, and spoons upon it. 22. When he had weighed the piece of meat for me, I did not give him another, but thanked him and went home. 23. Will you help your 41 STEONG VERBS CLASS II. 313 mother when she is weaving that big piece of cloth ? 24. This big kingdom has no king, so the people are vexed. 25. If we should give you a cup of milk, would you offer it to that little boy before you drank of it yourself ? LESSON LXVIII. (PAGES 97 i-98 19.) STRONG OR IRREGULAR VERBS. CLASS II. REVIEW LESSONS XXVL-XXX. 287. Class II. The class containing the second largest number of verbs (about thirty-five) has t (sometimes ie) for the root vowel of both the past and the past participle. The root of the infinitive is always ei. (a) Of the verbs in this class, the following have occurred: beiften, bite; bteiben, stay; retten, ride; foremen, shine or appear; fdjnetben, cut; fdjreiben, write; fdjreten, cry; fteigen, climb; jerrei^en, to tear. 288. Vocabulary. ber Otod), be3 $aud)e3, II, the glei'tett, gUtt, gegltttett (feta), to smoke. slip, glide. ba3 (Scif^ bie Sal^e, II, the salt. fttei'fen, fniff f rjefniffett, to pinch. Me tljiif fcl f bie Sdjiiffeht, IV, the Ici'bcn, litt, geUtten, to suffer. platter. \t\'\\tn t licl) f gcltel)cn f to lend. ber ,3toerg, btc StotVQt f II, the ntei'bett, ntieb f gcmieben, to shun, dwarf. avoid. erMet'djctt, tvWify, etrbH^en (feht), ^fci'fett, ^ftff r gc^ftffen, to whistle. to grow pale. tei'ben, ricb r gerieben, to rub. ergrci'fen, crgriff, ergriffen, to frfjei'ben, f^ieb f gcfe^iebcn G'eui), grasp. to part, depart. glci'djen, gKrff, gcglirfjctt (with fdilei'dicn, fcpd) f gcft^Itd)en f to dat.), to resemble. sneak, slip. 314 SYNTAX. fdjkt'feit, fd)Hff, gefcpffeu, to ftret'tett, ftrttt, geftrittcn, to quar- polish. rel. fdjrei'teu, fdjritt, ocfdjritten (fetn), tm'ben, trteb, getrtebcn, to drive. to stride, step. ttJei'cljen, ttrid), gettu~jca, to yield fdjttjci'gen, fdjtweg, gefd)nrietjeit, to (to with dat.). be silent. ftci'fctt, tt)te3, gettriefeit, to show, ftret'djcn, ftrtd), oeftrtdjeit, to point out. stroke. Cttb'Hd), adv., finally. 289. Exercises. (a) Let the pupils bring to the class ten short German ques- tions, the answers to ivhich will tell the part of the story in to-day's lesson. (b) All the principles are treated in each of these Exercises I. and II. They may be used as alternates. (I.) 1. The little dwarf wanted to slip out of the hut, but he had to stay and polish the knives. 2. The landlord grew pale next morning when the tailor seized him by (am) the ear and pinched him. 3. Before we have to part, you ought to lend me a little money. 4. I did not wish to avoid you, but you resemble a minister with whom I had quarrelled, so I kept silent. 5. You must have suffered very much when you slipped and fell as you strode through the gate. 6. You may stroke your brother's shoulder, but you must not rub it, or he will suffer. 7. They wanted to drive him out of the little room, but he would not yield, so they let 'him stay. 8. When we showed that farmer the shortest way to the city, he whistled and drove his horse through the field. 9. Last week when you wanted to buy some boots, shoes, and a coat, you could not find anything new that pleased you. 10. I wanted to have a coat made in* the city, but I quarrelled with my tailor, for he had no cloth. 11. As he strode near the house, the man who STRONG VERBS CLASS III. 315 resembled my brother slipped; next time he will avoid that place. 12. There is too much salt in that platter ; lend me a cloth, and I will rub it a little. (II.) 13. He had to whistle in order not to appear frightened, but he seized the knife that his friend had lent him. 14. I grew pale when I saw that I could not avoid the men with whom I had quarrelled. 15. She pinched the little boy's ear, because he resembled a man who had driven her out of her house. 16. As you strode on to the ice, you slipped and seized the arm of the man who was showing you the way. 17. The dwarfs in the mountains have rubbed and polished these stones without quarrelling about them. 18. I cannot yield ; I must not stay, although you are willing to keep silent about my story. 19. Before we could part, our friends slipped into our room and surrounded us. 20. You must not rub that thin piece of silk or you will tear it. 21. When the dog bit her, her mother had to rub her arm, and she wasn't allowed to go out of her room, but had to stay at home. 22. It was not our fault that you couldn't have any fire in your room ; why did you keep still about it ? 23. I did not want to quarrel with the landlord, for I knew he would not yield. 24. Did you think there might be too much smoke if you wanted to have a little fire ? 25. Without salt the meat on these plates and that platter ought not to be eaten by any one. LESSON LXIX. (PAGES 98 20-100 1-2.) STRONG OR IRREGULAR VERBS. CLASS III. REVIEW LESSONS XXXI.-XL. 290. Class III. The class containing the third largest number of verbs (about thirty) has a for a root vowel of the 316 SYNTAX. past, and o for the root vowel of the past participle. The root vowel of the infinitive is usually e or t, (a) Of the verbs in this class the following have occurred : befefyten, command; I)elfen, help; toerfen, throiv; jer&recfyen, break; fommett, come; fcfjdten, scold; fcfyftnmmen, sivim; fpredjen, speak; fterben, die; treffen, meet, hit; nefymen, take. 291. Vocabulary. ba3 eftf)enf', bte (Sefdjenle, II, em^fdj'kn (empftefyft), empfaljt, the gift, present. empfofylen, to recommend. ber ^wu'fe(u), be3 $aufen3, bie geba'reu, gcbar, geborcn r ifo tear. ^aufcn f I, the heap, pile. I was born on Friday, id) ttntrbe foa3 Se'bcr f bic Sebcr f I, the leather. am greitag geboreru bet ^e'be( f bie ^ebe( f I, the mist. geCten (gilt), galt f gcgo(ten f o 6e bte 9flei'l)c f bie 9?cil)en f IV, ^e row. worth. bit Spei'fe, bie Spetfett f IV, the f^ttt'ncn, f^aun, gefpattttett, to food. spin. begtit'uen, begann, begomtctt, to fte^'Ien (ftie^(t), ftaljl, gcfto^(cn f to begin. steal. fcer'ften (btrft), barft f gcburften berber'gen (Derbtrgt), terliarg f t>tt= (fein), io burst. borgen, ^o 7iz(?e, conceal. lie$al)'tett(weak), o pay. tierber'ben bor'ben, 292. Exercises. (a) Let the pupils bring to the class ten short German ques- tions, the answers to which will tell the part of the story in to-day's lesson. (6) All the principles are treated in each of the Exercises I. and II. They may be used as alternates. (I.) 1. What kind of food did the huiiter whom we sent to you steal ? 2. These suits are not worth anything, although the pockets in them are made of nothing but leather. 3. The STEONG VERBS CLASS III. 317 old woman whom we recommended to you spun you a beau- tiful sack out of the finest thread. 4. I hid the broken pitcher under a pile of stones, so that nobody might know anything about it. 5. You paid more for that bundle than you should have ; it is not worth anything ; it is nothing but old cloth. 6. The farmer had something pretty good hidden in his house, but the best he had was not half so good as what the general had taken. 7. Both the houses our friends rec- ommended to us are worth less than ours, in which I was born. 8. All the pitchers in the whole row began to burst at the same time. 9. He is not a good man; if there is anything good in him, he has concealed it well from the rest of us (us others). 10. Those who did not want to have to explain their mistakes, ought not to have spoken of them. 11. If there is any more such food concealed anywhere (trgettbtoo), some one will want some more of it. (II.) 12. We paid more for* that piece of leather than it was worth, but not so much as it had cost. 13. You ought to have begun to spin another such coat, before that bad guest had any time to steal and hide your old one. 14. I had a whole heap of presents, but they were not worth so much as yours ; (my) father paid very little for them. 15. The poor man had lain on the roof hardly half an hour when the mist disappeared, and he was no longer concealed. 16. The other day when we went into the woods to play, the food was spoiled ; our pitcher of water was broken ; the sack into which we had thrown our bread and meat burst; and everybody got angry and began to scold. 17. That little house that you see at the end of the row is the one in which both my brothers were born. 18. Stolen things are not worth anything, because one has to conceal the best one has taken. 19. What kind of a mistake 318 SYNTAX. did I make in that last sentence ? 20. I explained both your blunders to you; why won't you explain all mine to me? 21. If you will give the old rider another glass of wine, he will tell you many a long story. 22. All my clothes were made by the best tailor in the city ; you made yours yourself. 23. If they say anything bad about any of my friends, I get very angry. 24. Some one has said that it is better to have a little more than nothing, than to have nothing but gold. LESSON LXX. (PAGES 100 13-101 26.) STRONG OB IRREGULAR VERBS. CLASSES IV. AND V. EE- VIEW LESSONS XLI.-L. 293. Class IV (about fifteen verbs) has for root vowel always t in the infinitive, a in the past, and u in the past participle. (a) Verbs already given are: finben,ftnd; cjelhtgett, succeed; fingen, sing; fprmgen, spring; trinfen, drink; nerfdjttrinben, disappear. 294. Class V (about fifteen verbs) has for root vowel (usually) e in the infinitive, a in the past, and e in the past participle. (a) Verbs already given are: bitten, beg; effett, eat; geben, give; lefen, read; Itegen, lie; geftf)ef)en, happen; fefjen, see; fern, be; fi^eti, sit; 295. Vocabulary. bet Sty'fcl, bic $tyfel, I, the apple. britt'gcit, btattg, gebrttitgett, to trie $td)'tttug, bic OfJitJjtuttgen, IV, press, push. the direction. frcf'fett (frigt), frag, gefreffcn r to bcr Storf, bic @tiirfc f II, the stick. eat (used only when the name of Mit'fcen, banb f gctmnbcn, to bind. an animal is the subject). STRONG VEEBS CLASSES IV. AND V. 319 gene'fett, gea3, gettefett (fein), to fm'fett, fattf, gefmtlett (fein), to recover. sink. ntef'fen (ntigt), maf?, gemeffen, to tre'tett (tritt), trat, getreten (fein), measure. to step. tlin'gen, Hang, gelhwgett, o sowwd. nrin'&ett, ttwtt&, getimnben, to wind, riit'gen, rang, genutgen, o strug- twine. gle, wrestle. ^ttritt'gen, 5ttwng, gestwutgett, o f^luiu'gen, ftf)ttiattg f gefdjttmttgen, /orce, compel. to swing. 296. Exercises. (a) e the pupils bring to the class ten short German questi6ns, the answers to which will tell the part of the story in to-day's lesson. (b) All the principles are treated in each of these Exercises I. and II. They may be used as alternates. (L) 1. Before we succeeded in penetrating the wood, we had to spring over five or six little brooks. 2. When they had bound their canes together they could reach (etretdjen) the apples in the tree and eat them. 3. Please step nearer and read this card; otherwise you will not know in which direc- tion you should go. 4. Finding a strange man threatening my brother, I pressed through the people and struggled with him. 5. I twined my arms around him and tried to swing him from the ground, but I could not compel him to stop an- noying my brother. 6. Without stopping or measuring they poured too much water into the pitcher, thinking that there was nothing in it. 7. The song she was singing sounded as if she had not yet recovered. 8. Tell me, like a sensible boy, in which direction I ought to go to arrive in the village, and you may win a reward. 9. There are people who say that they enjoy the weather when it rains. 10. I had been com- 320 SYNTAX. pelled to sing by the man by whom I had been found, but it sounded strange, for I could not translate the words. 11. She was entertained by a man who had penetrated the house, but when he undertook [it] to embrace her, he was surrounded by the guests and held under the water in the brook. 12. I am sorry that there is no room here; it would be proper if I offered you my chair. (II.) 13. It is our mother's wish that you sing that song this moment, so please begin at once. 14. Pressing through the children who were jumping around the boy, I found him to be bound. 15. When you were struggling with that man to compel him to step into your room, you made so much noise that it sounded dreadful (fdjrecfltd)). 16. The girls enjoyed a deep sleep after their games in the open air. 17. If it had not thundered, we should have been ashamed to be afraid of the rain. 18. Without having to struggle with the bear, the tailor whose name was Peter bound its tail to the tree with a needle and some thread. 19. There are people who want to sit down, even where there is no room. 20. Please step out of that dark room and read me these short stories, which are told in my new book. 21. When she sang it sounded so beautiful that all the sensible people stopped quarrelling, and kept still. 22. W T hen the old man offered the boy an apple as a (jum) reward if he would find the cane that had disap- peared, the child looked for it in all directions. 23. We undertook [it] to entertain the children by (bciburcf) baft) twin- ing flowers and binding them with thread, but they did not enjoy the play. 24. Stop writing these long sentences before you begin to translate this next exercise. 25. As the young pupils cannot understand all the words, it would be proper if the teacher explained the rules to them. STRONG VERBS CLASSES VI. AND VII. 321 LESSON LXXI. (PAGES 101 27-103 9.) STRONG OR IRREGULAR VERBS. CLASSES VI. AND VII. UN- CLASSIFIED VERBS. REVIEW LESSONS LI.-LV. AND LXL- LXV. 297. Class VI. (about fifteen verbs) has the same root vowel, usually a, in infinitive and past participle, and t or te in the past. (a) Verbs already given are : fatten, fall; fattgett, catch; !)alten, hold; fycmgen, hang; fyauen, hew; fjet^en, bid, be called; laffen, let, cause to; laufen, run; rufen, call; fdfjlafen, sleep; fto^en, push. 298. Class VII. (about ten verbs) has a for root vowel of the infinitive and past participle, and u in the past. (a) Verbs already given are: fcf)(agen, strike; tragen, carry; toadjfen, grow; ttmfdjen, wash. (b) Of the Unclassified Verbs, gefyen, go; ftefjen, stand; tf)Utt, do; and ftuffett, know, have already been given. The other seven are alike in formation, and are given at the end of the vocabulary below (Mixed Verbs). 299. Vocabulary. ba3 SBattb, Me S3attt>cr f III, the rib- Me $am'mer f Me amtttern f IV, bon, band. the chamber. Me $raut f Me SBraute, II, the bride, ber 0r'nifter, bie Sornifter, I, the fiancee. knapsack. ber Sud)'ftabe(n) f be S3ud)fta= Ma'fcn (Maft), blie^ gebtafen f to bett f Me SBudjftaben, I, the letter blow. (of the alphabet). 322 SYNTAX. bra'ten (brat), brtet, gebraten, to faty'rett (faljrt), futyr, gefaljrett roast. (Hn), to drive. ra'tcu (rat), rtet, geratett, with graven (grabt), grub, gegraben, to dat., to advise. dig. ba'rfett (ba'tft), buf, gebarfen, to fa'bcn (liibt), fob, getaben, also bake. sometimes weak, to load. fdjaf'fcn, fdjuf, gefdjaffen, to do, create. The following are called Mixed Verbs. Why f brett'ttett, bramtte, gebraimt, to leit'nen, fattnte, gefamtt, to know, burn. be acquainted with. brttt'gen, brad)te f gebra^t, to tien'tien, nannte f geuannt f to bring. name. bctt'fen, bad)tc f gebad)t f to think. rett'iicn, tanttte, gerannt (jetn), to feu'fcen, fanbtc f gefanbt, to send. run. 300. Exercises. (a) Let the pupils bring to the class ten short German questions, the answers to which will tell the part of the story in to-day's lesson. (6) All the principles are treated in each of the Exercises I. and II. They may be used as alternates. (I.) 1. The man with the knapsack brought his bride the newest ribbon he could buy ; it was much prettier than her others. 2. Are there sixty-eight or seventy-four letters in that last sentence ? 3. In order to bake that bread and roast your meat I advise you to blow the fire more till (bt3) it burns better. 4. The soldiers had to dig around the two rocks and load them into their wagon before they could go to the river to swim. 5. The farther you run, the farther we shall have to drive, to bring you those beautiful flowers your mother sent you. 6. In the first place I have told [it to] you twice ; in the second place, the oftener I tell you, the stupider you seem. STRONG VERBS CLASSES VL AND VII. 323 7. Although, we did not know the boy, we thought he was the one they had named Fred on his birthday, Wednesday, the 24th of July, 1897. 8. Last Tuesday we waited for you two hours and a half; it was quarter to five before you arrived, and even then we had to send a boy to you twice. 9. One day Marie met Fred's bride outside the village in the midst of the broad meadows, and it pleased them to remain an hour and a half or two hours, although the weather threatened them. 10. One evening last week during a storm John drove in front of the house with Anna's brother and called us, but we stayed inside our chamber. 11. On Saturday, the 23d of March, 1898, we waited an hour and a half for our other friends, but they did not arrive till quarter-past seven in the evening. 12. Although you would like to have three-fourths of Fred's apple, instead of only half, he will not give it to you. (II.) 13. Your house is as far from the city as ours, but Marie's dwelling on this side of the brook is the nearest. 14. When we sent him to your little hut, I did not think he would run; he must have become very tired. 15. A young bride advised her new servant to blow the fire two or three minutes before he tried to roast the meat or bake the bread. 16. The girl who was named Marie stood inside the chamber and turned her (ben) back toward the stove in which the fire was burning. 17. I like summer as well as (fo gem ftrie) spring, but I like fall best, because the meadows are so brown, and the mountains appear so clear. 18. They neither understood these four rules nor comprehended the difference between them (benfe(bett), so they had to give up the exercise. 19. The young man had so many ribbons on his knapsack that his friends did not know him, as they drove through the city. 20. One day last September at exactly quarter to three in the 324 SYNTAX. afternoon we saw some soldiers dig on this side of the river, and load many stones into a wagon. 21. In spite of his long coat the young boy whom we met seemed very like his older brother. 22. It will please me to follow you all day and help and serve you, if you will thank me instead of threatening. 23. There are as many words in that last sentence as in the next; the more letters in a German word, the harder it often is to translate. 24. We understand the first two rules ; will you please explain that last one to us ? 25. Although they had sent the bride the prettiest ribbons they could find, she did not think it was proper to wear them. LESSON LXXII. (PAGES 103 10-104 19.) REVIEW THE SUBJUNCTIVE. LESSONS LVI.-LX. GENERAL EEVIEW. 301. Table of Root Vowels of Strong or Irregular Verbs. INFINITIVE. PAST. PAST PARTICIPLE. Class I. e, ie, it Class II t et Vie i f ie (same as Past) Class III. *, i a Class IV. i a it Class V. c a C Class VI. a, ei, cm, it, o i, ie a, ei f ait, lt f (same as Inf.) Class VII. a u a GENERAL BE VIEW. 325 302. Vocabulary. Me c&uft>', patience. Jju'ten (weak), to guard. Me 3aI)I, Me 3fcibcn, remain b(tcti bliebe 0eB(icBcn 23 let rfjctt, 4 BLEACH bltri) blicb^e 0cBUtf)cn 23ratcn, 5 roast bratft, brat Brtct briete flcbratcn 25rcc!)Ctt, BREAK brtc^ft, brtc^t bricb. brarf) bracb,e 0cBrodjcn Srcnncn, BURN Branntc brennte 0cBrannt S3ntt0en, BRING Brac^tc bradite 0cBrad)t 1 Often weak, except in the past part. 2 Generally weak. 3 Weak, except in figurative sense. 4 Weak when transitive and sometimes when intransitive. 6 Sometimes weak, except in the past par. 328 SYNTAX. Infinitive Pres. Ind imperative 2nd and 3d 2nd ^ si Preterite ind. subj. Past Part per. sing. 2>enfen, THINK bnrfjtc bac^te gebadfyt Stngcn, 1 hire, bargain (bung bang biinge) gebnnccn Srefefjen, THRESH brtfc&.eft, brifd^t brifd? brafrff Drujri) brafc^e brofcfye gcbrofcljcn $rhtgen, urge brang brcinge gcbrungen Sihtfett, THINK (b(iuri)tc batiste gcbauc^t) Xitrfcn, be allowed barf, barfft, (wanting) burfte burfte geburft barf, biirfen (Sim&fefllett. recommend empfieb. Ift, em* pfieb.lt empfieb.1 em^a^t empfdb,Ie empfobje cm^fof,lett (gfien, EAT ifl'eft, ifet iB aft afee gcgcffen graven, archaic for fangen Safjrctt, go, FARE fa^rft, fa^rt fab.r(e) fwfjtr fu^re gefaljren fatten, FALL faUft, faUt fter fiele gcfattcn fatten, 2 FOLD falteft, faltet gcfaltctt fangen, catch fangft, fangt nug (ficng finge fienge) gcfangen ftecfjtcn, FIGHT ficfe.teft,3ftc$t 3 Mt 8 fotft fbc^te gcfoj^ten fttnben, FIND finbeft, finbet fanb fanbe gefunben ftlcdjtcn, twine fltc^ft, 3 fltc^t 3 flicb,t3 f(oci)t pd^te gcflocfjtcn Orlicgcn, FLY f(o0 Pge gcffogctt ^fltcfjen, FLEE flof) flo^e geWcn ftliefcn, flow ftofj flbjje gcfloffen 3-ragen, ask fragft, fragt frug friige gcfragt* ftrcffen, EAT (of animals) friffeft, frifet fri* fraft fra^e gcfteffen Sfrieren, FREEZE fror frore gcfroren <&d(f|)ren, ferment go^ir 5 go^re gego^ren* (SJcbfircn, BEAR gefiar gebare gcBorcn (Befcen, GIVE giebft, gtebt qteb OaD gabe gegefcett gtbft, gibt gib ebetf)ett, thrive gcbtefi gebie^e gcbtefjen (Men, GO 0tng ginge ijcgangcn efhtgevt, succeed gelang gelange gclungcn (Sfelten, be worth giltft, gilt gilt gait gafte gcgolten golte (Senefen, recover genefeft, geneft genaS genafe genefen 1 Often weak. * Always weak, and the other forms are 2 Entirely weak, except in the past part, properly weak. 3 Tj'he weak forms also occur. 6 Also weak, especially in figurative sense. STRONG VERBS. 329 Infinitive 2 d d Td Imperative ana sing. Prete ind. rite subj. Past Part cnie$en, enjoy flcituf; genbffe genoffcn (Sefdjefjcn, happen gefcfyieb.ft, gefd^ieb, t (wanting) gefdjafj gefcb,ab.e gcfrfjc^en (Sett) omen, WIN gctuann getoanne gemonnen getobnne tcfecn, pour go^ goffe gcgoffcn (SMetdjen, 1 resemble giit^ gltc^e geglidjett (IHei^en, GLITTER greifceft, gleifct ( gltfj flHffe gegHffcn) (SMeitCtt, 2 GLIDE gleiteft, gleitet gtttt glttte gcgtitten (SUimmen, GLEAM . glomm glomme geglommcn QJrafccn, dig grabft, grabt mi griibe gegrafien (SJreifen, GRIPE, grasp griff grtffe gegrtffen $a:&cn, HAVE ^aft, ^at Ijattc ^atte gc^aftt fatten, HOLD b.altft, b.alt . ^alt(e) lltclt b.ielte gcljaltcn angen, HANG pngft, b.angt 3 t)ing b,tnge gcljangen <&aucu, HEW iiicti ^iebe gcljaitcn ->ef>cn, raise , I)0l) bobe gc^oficn f)ub pbe >cifjen, call $tt|eft, ^eiSt Ijic^t Iji^e gc^eiftcn >clfen, HELP ^tlfft, ^ilft &.Uf Half balfe gcljolfcn $eifen, 4 chide HIT ffe geltffcn Stcnncn, KNOW fanntc fennte gelannt $tefen, see iiren SHteben, CLEAVE, split KoB Ilobe gcfluOcu $timmen, 2 CLIMB - fromm , tlomme geHommen JiUingcn, sound . Hang filing gcfdutgcu $netfen, 5 pinch fntff fniffe gclntffcn &neipen, pinch (tn\w fnip^e gchttpvctO ommett, COME lomm (e) lam Iftme gefommen $imnen, CAN fann, fannft, !ann, (wanting) lonnte fonnte gefonnt fonnen Slretfftyen, 4 scream freifd^eft, freifd^t frif frifc^e gclnf^cn Slrierfjen, creep Iroc^ frdc^e gclrodicn Slitren, choose for !bre gcforen fiabcn, 6 LOAD, invite labft, labt (ub lube gelaben 1 Usually weak when transitive. 5 Sometimes weak. 2 Weak forms sometimes occur. 6 Also weak. Two verbs are confounded in 3 fycmgft, fycmgt also occur. Do not con- this one, viz., laben, LOAD, once always fuse with the weak b, angen. strong, and laben, invite, once always 4 Usually weak. weak. 330 SYNTAX. Infinitive Pres. Ind. Imperative Preterite 2nd per. sing. ind. subj. Past Part gaffen, LET laffeft, Iat ; Ia^(e) (tc^ Ite^e getaffcn Saufen, run laufft, lauft Kef liefc getaufen getben, suffer letbcft, leibet Kit Ittte gelttten getyen, LEND ltd) Ite^e gcKe^en Cefcit, read liefeft, Itefl Itc Ia lafe getefen Sicgen, LIE lag lage geiegctt lUifdjcn, 1 go out Iifd)eft, lifc^t Itfcfc fof# Bfc^e geloft^ett Siigen, tell a LIE (og Ibge gctogen 9D?rtf)ten, 2 grind gcmaljlcn 9)Jciben, shun meibeft, metbet mteb mtebe gemieben Sttdfen, 3 MILK milfft, mtlft milf molt molfe gemotfen attetfcu, measure miffcft, mi^t mft mai) ma^e gemeffen aJHjUingett, fail mif;iang mifelange mifermtgen atfogen, MAY mag, magft, mag, (wanting) mocfjte mbdjte gcmotfjt mogen aftiiffen, MUST mu$/ mu^t, mu^/ (wanting) mufete mii^te gemufet miifjen ^djmen, take nimmft, ntmmt ttimm nalim na^me genommen 97cnnen, NAME nannte nennte genannt ^feifcn, whistle ^Ttff Pfiffe gc^ftffcn ^ftegen, 4 cherish ^fiog Pflbge gc^flogcn ^reiien, 5 PRAISE ^reifeft, pretft $vic priefc geprtcfen ducflen, 6 gush quiUft, qutUt quttt quott quoKe gequoUcn 9lad)Cn, avenge (rod) rbd()e) gcrorf)cn 9iaten, advise ratft, rat net riete geratcn 9leiben, rub rtefc rte&e geriefien SHeifiett, tear ret^eft, ret^t rei^(e) rife riffe geriffen Olcttcn RIDE retteft, reitet ritt ritte gcritten OJcnncn, RUN rannte rennte gcrannt 9hcrf)en, smell rorf) rbd^e gerod^cn 9iwgen, wRiNG.wrestle rang range gerungett Oiinncn, RUN rann ranne gcronncn ronne 9Jufen, call . rtef rtefe gerufen Satjcn, 7 SALT faljeft, falst gcfaljcn Saufen, drink faufft, fauft fauf(e) foff foffe gefoffen - When transitive, quench, weak. 2 Usually weak, except in the past part. Usually weak, * Also entirely weak. s Sometimes weak. 6 When transitive, soak, weak. 7 Only the past part, is strong. STRONG VERBS. 331 Infinitive Pres. Ind. imperative Preterite ind. subj. Past Part augett, SUCK N fbge gefogen djaffen, 1 create frf)uf fd^ufc geft^affett djaflen, 2 sound fdiotf f$dUe gcft^otten djeiben, part fdjetbeft, fc^eibet jrfjicb fc^iebe gefc^icbcn djemen, appear frijtcw fc^iene gcfdjtcncn djelten, SCOLD fd&tltft, f$ilt ratlt fd)rttt fc&alte gcfdjuitcn fd?olte djeren, 3 SHEAR fd^ierft, fcgiert fdjier fr^or fd^ore gefdjoren djtefcen, SHOVE fd)ut> fc^5&e gef^oben djteffen, SHOOT ft^ofe Wbffe gcftftoffctt djtnben, flay fd}inbeft r fc^tnbet f^tmb 2 fd^iinbe gefc^unbctt djfafen, SLEEP fc^Icifft, fd^Icift fdf?lflf(e) fdjKef fc^Iiefe gefdjtrtfcn d)fagett, s'trike fc^Icigft, fcglagt fdjtug Wttge gefd)(agen d)feirfjctt, sneak fci)(trf) raiic^c gef^tt^cu djleifett, 4 whet frf)Iiff WHffe gcfd)Iiffett d)leifjen, SLIT fc^Ieifceft, raieiSt f(^(t^ fd^Iijje gef Stiffen djtiefen, slip W"ff WWffe gef^loffen djltefien, shut fdjfof? raibffe geft^Ioffen djHngen, SLING ft^tang fc^Iange gefdjtungcn rfjtnetften, SMITE . fdjmeifceft, fcfymeifjt fd^mei(e; 1 fdjmtf? fdpmiffe gcfdjiniffen djmelsett, 5 MELT fcfymiljeft, fd^miljt fc^mili; fdjmuf-s fc^mblse gcf^molscn d)ituu&en, 6 snort fr^nob fc^nbfie gefdjnofcen djnetbeii, cut fcfynetbeft, fd?neibet fdjnitt fdjnttte ncfrfjuittcu djraufcen, 7 SCREW frf)tob fc^robe gcfd)vobctt djrcrfen, 5 be afraid fartcfft, fc^ricEt fd^rid ft^raf fc^rafe geft^rorfen djrci&en, write ft^rteli fc^rtebe gcfdjvtcbcn djreten , cry fd^rei(e) f^rtc fc^rtee gefdjrtcen rfjreiten, stride fd^retteft, fc^rcttet fdjritt fd)rttte gefdjrtttctt djroten, 8 rough-grind jc^roteft, f^rotet gcf^votcn djtoarett, suppurate fc^toterft, fd^toiert fc^toier frliuiur fdgtobre gcfdjtuurcn ^tuctgett, 5 be silent fdjtuicg fd^tuiege gcft^ttiiegcn djmeflen, 5 SWELL fd&hnllft, fd^toiat fc^toia frijjuott fc^)h?bUe gcfriimuHcit ^rtJtmmcn, SWIM frfjjyomm fdbtoamtne gcfd)ivommen fdptobmme 1 In other senses weak. 2 Also entirely weak. 3 Sometimes weak. * Weak in other senses, raze, drag. 7 Also weak. 8 Only the past part, is strong. 6 Weak when transitive. Also weak ; f djuic&Ctt occurs instead of 332 SYNTAX. Infinitive Pres. Ind. T 2nd and 3d ^J} per. sing. iperative Preterite per. sing. ind. subj. Past Part. cfittrinben, vanish f*toinbeft,Wtoinbet frfjttwnb fd^tuanbc gcfrfjftiunbctt Sdjnitngen, SWING Wn.n 9 Kll geft^ttiungei cftrouren, swear ft^toor fd^toore fd^tuure gefrfjworen ef)er SEE fie^ft, fte^t fteKO f^ fa^e gefetien cut, be bin, bift, ift, 2C. fei ttiar n>are ge toe fen enben, SEND fenbeft, fenbet fanbte fcnbete fenbete gefanbt gefcnbct Stcben, 1 SEETHE ftebeft, fiebet fott fotte gefotten ingen, SING fang [ange gefnngen tnfcn, SINK . fanf fanfc gcfunfen tnncn.. think fann fanne fonne gefonnen ifeen, SIT faeft, fi^t fa fafee gefcffen otlen, should foil, foUft, foil, foUen (wanting) | j( te follte gefottt patten, 2 split fpalteft, fpaltet gefpaiten peten, SPEW fptc fpiee gefpiecn Jrinncn, SPIN fpann fpannc fponne gefponnen pletfjcn, SPLIT ftletfceft, fpleifet tyii% fpliffe gefpttffen prerffen, speak f frric^ft, fpric^t fari$ fpratft fprad^e gefproc^en prieftcn, SPROUT fprofj fproffe gefproffcn pringen, SPRING fprang fprcinge gefprnngen tcrf)cn, prick fttd&ft, fttd?t fttd? ftarf) ftac^e geftorf)en terfen," STICK ftaf ftafe (geftorfen) tefjen, STAND fteb(e) ftanb ftnnb ftanbe ftunbe geftanben tcljten, STEAL ftte^ft, ftte^It ftie^l ft*W fta^le fto^le gcfto^ten tetgen, ascend ftteg fttege gefttcgen ter&cn, die ftirbft, fttrbt ftirb ftarb ftarbe ftiirbe geftorben tteben, disperse ftofc ftobc geftoben Sttnfen, STINK ftanf ftanfe gcftnitfew Stofjcn, push ftijfceft, ftbfet fto|(e) ftie fttefee geftoften Strctdjen, STROKE ftritf ftrid&e geftrtt^eti 1 Also weak. 2 Only the past part, is strong. 8 Always weak when transitive ; some- times when intransitive. STfiONG VERBS. 833 Infinitive 2nd eS and 3d Imperative Preterite per. .sing. 2 d per ' sing ' ind> sub ^ Past Part. tretten, strive ftreiteft, ftreitet fttitt ftdtte gcftrtttcn Sfyun, DO t^u(e) tfjat t^ate gettyan Sragett, carry tragft, tragt trug trilge getragen Sreffen, hit trtffft, trifft triff traf trafe getroffen Sretfcen, DRIVE tricb triebc gctricbcu Sreten, TREAD trtttft, tritt tritt trat trate gctretcn Sriefen, 1 DRIP troff troffe gctroffen Xrinfen, DRINK tran! tranfe trunfe gctruufcu Sritgen, deceive trog troge gctrogen aserberfcen, 2 spoil fcerbtrbft, berbirbt berbtrb ucrbnrb berbarbe berbiirbe ucrborbcn IBerbrteftett, vex ucrbrof> berbroffe toerbroffen JBcrgeffen, FORGET Uergtffeft, bergifit bergifc ticrgafe ber gaffe tiergcffen SBerlieren, LOSE Dertor berlbre tiertoren 333ad)fen, grow toac^feft, toftc^ft toud)^ iuttc^fe gctuad)fcn aBagen, 5 WEIGH toog tt)bge getnogcn aSafdjen, WASH toafc^eft, toafd&t tuufri) tottfdje gctuafcf)cn ZBefcen, 3 WEAVE tuob toobe gctuobcn aCBeidjcn, 4 yield iuirf) iuid;e gctuirijcn aSBeifen, show toetfeft, toeift tutcc? toiefe gctutcfcn aSenben, turn toenbeft, toenbet ' nmnbte iwcubctc toenbete getuanbt gctocnbct aSerbcn, sue toirbft, totrbt nrirb tuarb toarbe toiirbe gewortcn SBerben, become toirft, toirb toerbc tuarb luurbc toiirbe gettiorben aBerfett, throw toirfft, ftjtrft toirf ttmrf toarfe toilrfe gcmorfcn aBiegen, 5 WEIGH toog hrtge gctuogcn aBtnben, WIND toinbeft, toinbet tuaub n>anbe nciuunbcu asiffett, know h)ei^, tretfet iotil, feiffen totffe tt>uf?tc iott^te gctuufJt 233oUcu, WILL hntt, h)tttft iuolle tuolltc hjoflte gcmoltt Sdfjett, accuse SieD jte^e gcsietfcn Btefieit, draw 300 3&ge gejogcn Bttuttgen, force 5ttang 5tt?ange gejnjungcn 1 Sometimes weak. 2 Weak when transitive. 3 Also weak, especially in the sense of move, hover. 4 Weak in the sense of soften^ s SBagen and ttriegen are really identical. 6 .2Biegen / rock, is always weak. SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 305, The Definite Article and "ber" Words. Typical Endings. (a) )er, the : Definite Article. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. b er bie b (Xv bie Gen. b e3 ber J) <5 ber Dat. b em ber bent ben Ace. b en bie bo3 bie (b) )ief er, this : Demonstrative Adjective or Pronoun. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. bief er biefe biefeS (bies) biefe Gen. bief eS bief er biefeS bief er Dat. bief em bief er bief em bief en Ace. bief en biefe bief e3 (bies) biefe (c) Like btefer are declined {eber, every, {etter, that, manner, many (a), foldjer, such (a), and the interrogative toelcfjer, which. These are called " ber " words, as they have endings similar to ber. These are the typical strong endings as distinguished from the typical weak endings. (d) Typical Strong Endings : (e) Typical Weak Endings : Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. er e e3 e e e e en Gen. e3 er t& er en en en en Dat. em er em en en en en en Ace. en e e$ e en e e en 384 SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 335 306. The Indefinite Article and " ettt" words. (a) gin, a: Indefinite Article. Plural wanting. Singular. MASC. FEM. NEUT. Kom. ein cine ein Gen. etneS cuter etne3 Dat. cittern ciner einem Ace. ctttett cine ein (b) 2Kehl, iny : Possessive Adjective. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. went meine metn meine Gen. meine me liter meineg meiner Dat. , metnem metner ntetnem metnen Ace. nteinett meine mein meine (c) Like metn are declined the possessives beitt, your, \ ein r his, its, tl)r, her, their, Ultfer, our, Qfy, your, eiier r your, and the negative feitl, no, not a. (d) (Slier and iinfer may contract by dropping the e either of the stem or of the ending. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. ener enre ener enre Gen. enre3 or ener3 enrer enre^ or ener3 enrer Dat. eitrem or etterm enrer enrem or enernt enren or enern Ace. enren or enern enre ener enre Note that: 1. The nominative and accusative forms are always alike, except in the masculine singular. 2. The genitive singular masculine and neuter are alike, as are also the dative singular masculine and neuter. 3. The dative plural always ends in n. 336 SYNTAX. 4. 'There are only two typical iveak endings, e and en. The e is found throughout the nominative singular and in the accusative singular feminine and neuter ; the en is found in all other cases. 5. The endings for the indefinite article and "ein" words closely resemble those for the "bet" words, except in the nominative singular masculine and neuter and the accusative singular neuter. 307. Adjective Declension. (a) Adjectives have three declensions : strong, iveak and mixed. (b) In the strong declension an adjective has the typical strong endings, except that in the genitive singular masculine and neuter, the weak ending is preferred. The strong de- clension occurs when the adjective is not preceded by an arti- cle or a "ber" or an " eht" word. (0) Strong Declension of Adjectives. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Norn. gut cr gutc guted gutc Gen. gut eu(ed) guter gut eu(ed) gutcr > Dat. gut cm gut cr gut em gut eu Ace. gut eu gutc gut ed gutc (cZ) In the weak declension an adjective has the typical weak endings. The weak declension occurs when the adjective is preceded by the definite article or a "ber" word. (e) Weak Declension of Adjectives. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. ber gut e bic gut e bad gut e bie gut eu Gen. bed gut eu ber gut en bed gut eu ber gut eu Dat. bent gut en ber gut en bent gut en ben gut eu Ace. bctt gut en bic gut e bad gut e bie gut eu SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 337 In the mixed declension the adjective takes the typical weak endings in all cases except the nominative singular mas- culine and the nominative and accusative singular neuter, which are strong. The mixed declension occurs when the adjective is preceded by the indefinite article or an "em" word. (9) Mixed Declension of Adjectives. Singular. Plural. MASC. EEM. NEUT. M. F. N. meiu gut er meiue3 gut en meiuem gut eu tueiueu gut eu metue gut e meiuer gut cu meiuer gut eu uteiue gut e meiu gut e meineS gut eu meitteut gut eu meiu gut e uteiue gut eu meiuer gut eu meiueu gut eu meiue guteu Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. NOTE. While these are the three adjective declensions, the endings of an adjective can be only strong or weak. They are weak when pre- ceded by the definite article or a "ber " word (but see 309, 6), or by an inflected form of the indefinite article or an u ein " word (that is, a form having a case-ending). They are strong when not so preceded. Note that: 1. In the genitive singular masculine and neuter, the ending e$ of the noun sufficiently indicates the. case, and, in order to avoid too many e3 sounds, the adjective takes the weak ending en. 2. When the " ettt " word has no ending, the adjective must have one in order to show the case. If the " em " word is inflected (has an ending) the adjective does not need to show the case, and so is weak. 3. Though there are three adjective declensions, there are only two kinds of endings for adjectives. 308. Noun Declension. There are five classes of nouns, declined as follows: 338 SYNTAX. (a) Masculine Nouns. SING. 1st class. 2d class. 3d class. 4th class. 5th class. N. ber $rnber ber ,nnb ber EJlann ber Staat bcr $nabe G. beg SBrnberg beg Iwnbeg beg 9)ianneg beg Staateg beg Slnabcn D. bem SBrnber bem nnbe bem Sarnie bem Staate bem[$htabcn A. ben 23rnber ben wnb ben SDlann ben Sfaat ben &ttabcn PLURAL. N. bie SBrnber bie nnbe bie banner bie Staaten bie ^nabcu G. ber SBritber ber wnbe bcr SJlamter ber (Staaten ber $naben D. ben SBriibern ben ^nnben ben aJliinnem ben Staaten ben 5lnaben A. bie SBriiber bie uttbe bie banner bie Staaten bie ^naben (6) Feminine Nouns. SING. 1st class. 2d class. 4th class. N. bie orf)ter bie 23anf bie $ran G. ber otf/ter ber 23anf ber Jran D. ber Xod)ter ber 23an! ber Sfrau A. bie Xodjter bie $anf bie ^rtitt PLURAL. N. bie Xocfjter bie S3an!e bie granen G. bcr Xii^ter bcr Sdnle ber gran en D. ben Socfjtern ben JBanfen ben granen A. bie Xij^ter bie 23anle bie $ranen (c) Neuter Nouns. SING. 1st class. %d class. 3d class. 4th class. N. bag 9)labc^en bag $ferb bag S3nd) bag 5htge G. beg aWabo^eng beg ^fcrbeg beg ^n^eg beg 5lngeg D. bem SDlabctyen bem $ferb bem Sndje bem 5(nge A. bag 9Kabrf)en bag ^fcrb bag 23nrf) bag 5(nge PLURAL. N. bie $tabrf)en bie ^ferbe bie! sBiitJfcr bie 3lngen G. ber 3)labc^en ber ^ferbe ber SBii^er ber 2lngen D. ben mabrfjcn ben ^Pferbenben 33ittf)ern ben Slngen A. bie Wiibrfjeu bie ^ferbe bie \ 8i(d)er bie 5(ngen NOTE. The first three classes are sometimes called the Strong De- clension of Nouns, The masculine and neuter of Class 4 are sometimes grouped alone and called the Mixed Declension of Nouns. SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 339 Eeminines like tie grail are sometimes grouped with masculines like ber $uabe and are called the Weak Declension of Nouns. But their sin- gular is declined like all other f eminines, just as fourth-class neuters are declined in the singular like all other neuters, and fourth-class masculines in the singular like other masculines of the first three classes. So it seems simpler to put masculine nouns like ber $nabe in a class by them- selves and to group feminines like Me grail with the class which they seem most closely to resemble. (eT) A few nouns differ slightly from Class 1, seeming to drop the last letter in the nominative. )er 9?ame(n), name. )a$ ers, heart. SING. PLU. SING. PLTJ. Nom. bet ^ame(n) bte -Wattteit bag er$ bte Gen. be3 !Wamett3 ber SRamett be3 ^erett3 ber Dat. bent -ftamen ben tauten bem ^er^en ben Ace. ben -Wameit bte -Wamett ba er$ bie (e) Other nouns declined like ber Seattle are : ber $riebe(tt), peace ber ^aufe(tt) f heap ber 3funf^(n) f spark ber Same(u), seed ber ebanfe(tt), thought ber 6^abe(n) f injury ber tou&e(tt) f f^h ber 233iKe(tt) f will Note that : 1. Nouns of the first anA third classes and feminines of the second class usually add umlaut in the plural when possible. 2. Nouns of the fourth and fifth classes add (e)n to form the plural and never add umlaut. 3. Except bte DJiutter and bte od)ter all feminines form the plural (1) by adding (e)tt, or (2) by adding e and taking umlaut. 4. Only monosyllabic feminines belong to the second class. So all feminines of more than one syllable, except bte 3ftlttter and bte oc()ter, are of the fourth class and form the plural without umlaut by adding (e)tt* 5. The dative plural always ends in tU 340 SYNTAX. 309. Declension of nouns with adjectives and "ber" and "etn" words. (a) Strong adjective without article; declined with typical strong endings. (See 307, b.) SINGULAR. Nom. guter Wlann gute Srau gute3 $tub Gen. guteu Cannes guter $ratt guteu $tube3 Dat. gutem Sfttmue outer $rau gutem tnbe Ace. guteu Sftauu gute grau gute3 iub PLURAL. Nom. gutc banner , grauett, ^inbcr Gen. gutcr banner, ^vanen f tttber Dat. gutcn SJlatmertt, grauen r Ace. gntc 9)lanner f ^rauen, (6) When mcmdjer, lt)dd)er, folder are used without the end- ing (mcmd), tt>eld), fo((i)), the adjective following has the strong ending. (See 307, g, Note.) SINGULAR. Nom. mtmrfj gutcr 9)lauu Gen. tttaudj gutcu(e^) Wlanm Bat. man^i gutem Sfftauue Ace. mau^ guteu attaint (c) Weak adjective after definite article or " ber " word ; declined with typical weak endings. SINGULAR. Nom. ber gute SJJtautt bie gute fjrau ba gute Gen. be3 guteu 9Jlaune^ ber guteu grew be3 guteu Dat. bem guteu Sttauue ber guteu f$frau bem guteu Ace. ben guteu Sftattn bie gute ftvan ba gute PLURAL. Nom. bie guteu 9ttanuer f graueu, ^tttber Gen. ber guteu 9Jlauuer, graueu, ^iuber Dat. beu guteu 9ftauueru, graueu, ^iubertt Ace. bie guten SUlauuer, ftvauen, SUMMARY OF^. INFLECTIONS. 341 (d) .Mixed adjective after indefinite article or "ein" word; weak when the article is inflected, strong when the article is not inflected. SINGULAR. Nom. ein guter Wlann cine gute gfrau eiit gute3 Gen. ehte3 guten $lamte3 cuter guten gran cin-e^ guten Dat. eincm gttten Wiannt enter gntctt $vm eittem gttteu tnbe Ace. etueit gitteu 9Jlattn etue gute $van eitt gute^ PLURAL. Nom. fehte gttten Sftamter, ^rauett, Gen. fetner gitten ^iimtcr, ^rauen f Dat. fetnen gitteit 93Zauitertt f S-rau-en, ^tnbern Ace. feme guten banner, ^rauen, tnber Note that: If tke article or "ber" word or "ein" word is omitted, or does not show the case (i.e. is not inflected), the case must be shown by the adjective, except in the genitive singular mas- culine and neuter, where the noun-ending shows the case and the adjective may be weak. 310, Personal Pronouns. id), /; bit, thou ; te, you ; er, lie ; fie, she; e$, it. (a) FIRST PERSON: SING. SECOND PERSON: SING. Nom. trf), I bu, thou, you Ste, you Gen. metuer (mcin), of me beiiter (bein), of thee 3l)rer f of you Dat. nttr f to or for me btr, to or for thee Sljttett, to or for you Ace. nttdj f me btt^ f thee, you Ste, you (b) EIRST PERSON: PLUR. SECOND PERSON: PLU^R. Nom. tuir, we iljr f you @te f you Gen. unfer, of us eiter f of you S^rer, of you Dat. u3 r to or for us end), to or for you Sfyntll, to or for you Ace. uttS, ws citd) r 2/0^ Ste f 2/0^ 342 SYNTAX. (c) THIRD PERSON SINGULAR. Masc. Fern. Neut. Nom. er, he, it fte, she, it e3, it Gen. f enter (fein), of him, of it iljrer, of her, of it fewer (fein), of it Dat. iljitt, to or for him or # Ujr, o or /or 7ier or it ifjnt, to or /or i Ace. ifjn, him, it fie, her, it e3, ^ THIRD PERSON PLURAL: M. F. N. Nom. fte, they Gen. iljrer, of them Dat. U)tteu f ^o or for them Ace. fie, ^e?n Note that: 1. The possessive pronoun is formed from the genitive case of the personal pronoun. 2. The polite form, @te, is the third person plural written with a capital, and is the same for both singular and plural. 3. The forms fehier, tljr, tfyrer, ifym, un$, eud) and fie have more than one meaning. Give all the English equivalents of each 311. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns. (a) The relative bcr f who, which, that. Singular. Plural. MASC. EEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. bcr bie ba bie Gen. beffett berett beffett berett Dat. bem be* bem benen Ace. ben bie ba bie 7>) The relative toeWjer, who, ivhich, that. Singular. Plural. MASC. FEM. NEUT. M. F. N. Nom. aietdjer toeldje toefdje^ mdrfjc Gen. bcffeit bereit beffctt bereit Dat. meldjent ttieltfjer uiel^eitt meli^ett Ace. uicfdjcit tucltije iuclrf)c SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 848 (c) The interrogative and relative interrogative toer, who-, , what. Singular (plural wanting). MASC. AND FEM. NEUT. Nom. lucr ttja3 Gen. toeffett toeffen Dat. went Ace. tuen taa3 ( I)abc gef cfjcn bn ftcijft bn fe^eft bn I) aft gefeljcn bn Ijabcft gefeljcn er fte^t erfel,e er ^at gefeljen er ^abe gefe^en 854 SYNTAX. ttrir feljen ttiir fefjcu ttrir fjafceu gefefjett ifjr fef)t ifjr fefjet ifjr fjabt gefefjeu Sie fetjeu Sie fefjeu Sie fjafceu gefeijett fie fefjeu fie fefjeu fie fjafceu gefcfjeu (6) Past. Ind. Past. Subj. Plup. Indie. I saw, etc. I saw, etc. I had seen, etc. irf) fafj irf) fa'fje irf) l)atte gefef)en bu faljft bu fafjeft bu ftatteft gefefjeu er fat) er fafje er fjatte gefefjen luir fa^en tutr fa^eu rotr Ijatteu gefe^en if)r fa^t ifjr fii^et i^r f)attet gefeljeu Sie fatyeit Sie fd^eit Sie fjatteu gefe^eu fie fa^ett fie fatyett fie fatten gefefjctt Future Subj. I shall see, etc. irf) merbe fefjen bu tuerbeft feljeu er ttjerbe fe^eu tnir ttierbett fe^eu i^r ttierbc't feljeu Sie tuerbeu fe^en fie luerbcu feijett Fat. Per/. Subj. I should have seen, etc. bu tverbeft cr uierbe niir merbctt iljr tuerbet Sie tterben fie inerben Participles . PRES. fcl)eub f seeing PERF. nefchcu, seen (c) Future Indie. I shall see, etc. irf) tocrbe fefjen bu nrirft fe^cit er nrirb fc^en ttiir rtierbeu fe^en ttyr tuerbet fel)cit Sie werbeu feljen fie werbcit fctjcit (d) Future Perf. Indie., I shall have seen, etc. i 1) merbe ejefefyeu ^aben bu luirft er twrb luir roerbett ifjrwevbet - Sie toerben fie merbeu (e) Imperatives. SING, fte^(e) bit, see ! (fef)et(tl)r), see! PLU. ( f efteu Sie f see ! iuir IjaBeit \ ifjr ftabet gefe^en Sie l)at)cn gefefjeu fie abeu gefcljcu Plup. Subj. I had seen, etc. irf) fjdtte gefcf)cu bu Ijiittcft gefe^eu er ^atte gefe^eu tttr ptteu gefcl)cu i^r Ijattet gcfefjcu Sie fjatteu gefe^eu fie fjatteu gefefjeu Present Conditional. I should see, etc. irf) ttritrbc fefjeu bu uritrbcft fefteu er ttMrbe fe^en ttiir mitrbeu fe^ett iljr mitrbet fetjeu Sie mitrbeu fcf)ett fie tuitrbeu fe^eu Perfect Conditional. I should have seen, etc. irf) nntrbe gefefjeu fjafceu bu itnirbeft er ttritrbe tt)ir tuitrbeu ifjr ttriirbet Sie miirbeu - fie mitrbett Infinitives. (511) fe^ett, to see gefe^eu (511) fyabett, to have seen SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 355 (/) The Passive Voice of fel)en is formed exactly like that of (obett, by substituting the form gefeljen for the form getobt in the paradigms in 318. Note that: 1. The personal endings throughout the weak verb cor- respond very closely to those of the auxiliaries. 2. Many strong verbs change the root-vowel in the present indicative, second and third persons singular, and in the im- perative singular. 3. Weak verbs have the past participle in t. Strong verbs in en; otherwise they are conjugated just like weak verbs, except in the present and past indicative and in the imperative. 320. Conjugation of mtfaugen, to begin, a separable strong verb. (See Footnote, p. 345.) Pres. Subj. Perf. Indie. I begin, etc. I have begun, etc. idj fange an id) ijnbc angefangen bit fangeft an bn Ijaft er fanget an er Ijat ttrir fangen an ttrir fangen an tint Ijafcen if)r fangt an ityr fanget an ifjr fjabt @ic fangen an (Bie fangen an @ic fjaben fie fangeit an fie fangcn an fie (a) Pres. Ind. I begin, etc. id) fange an bit fangft an er fangt an Perf. Subj. I have begun, etc. id) fjabe angefangen bit IjaOcft er Ijafce ttiir 5ben i^r Ijafcet fie*Ija&en (6) Past Ind. I began, etc. id) ftng an bit ftngft an er ftngt an tuir ftngen an tl)v finget an @ie ftngen an fie ftngen an Past Subj. I began, etc. id) ftnge an bn fiugeft an er finget an urir ftngen an iftr finget an , @ie ftngen an fie fingen an Plup. Indie. I had begun, etc. id) J)atte angefangen bn fjatteft er Ijatte ttiir Ijatten iljr ()attet @ie Ijatten fie fatten Plup. Subj. I had begun, etc. id) Ijtittc angefaugen bit Ijiitteft er Ija'tte tuir fatten itjr pttet Ste fatten fie fatten 356 SYNTAX. (c) Future Indie. I shall begin, etc. trt) mcrbc anfangen bit niirft anfangen er ttrirb anfangen mir tticrbcn anfangen iijr ttierbet anfangen 8ie ttierben anfangen fie ttierben anfangen Future Subj. I should begin, etc. trf) tuerbc anfangen bn tuerbeft anfangen er merbe anfangcn ttrir ttierben anfangen iijr mcvbct anfangen Sic ttierben anfangen fie merben anfangen Pres. Conditional. I should begin, etc. irf) ttwrbe anfangen' bn ttmrbeft anfangen er uritrbe anfangen tt)ir ttmrben anfangen il)r ttiiirbet anfangen 3tc juitrbcu anfangen fie ttmrben anfangen (d) Future Perf. Indie. I shall have begun, etc. irf) toerbe angefangen Ijnbcn bn ttiirft angefangen Ijaben er ttitrb angefangen Ijaben ttrir ttJerben angefangen iljr ttierbet angefangen 6ie werbcn angefangen Ijabcn fie ttierben angefangen fjalien Future Perf. Subj. I should have begun, etc. trf) nierbe angefangen f)abcu bn mcrbeft angefangen ftabcn er tuerbe angefangen ijabcn ttiir ttierben angefangen ^a^en iijr ttierbet angefangen fjabcu 6ie ttierben angefangen Ijabcn fie ttierben angefangen fjaben Perfect Conditional. I should have begun, etc. id) ttiitrbc angefangen Ijabcn bn niitrbeft angefangen fjafccn er ttiitrbe angefangen tuir ttiitrben angefangen tljr ttiiirbet angefangen Sic ttiitrben angefangen tjaftcn fie ttiitrben angefangen Ijalien (e) Imperative. SING, fange (bn) an, begin ! (fanget (i^r) an f begin I u ' ( f angen Sic an, begin ! Participles. PRES. attfangenb, beginning PERF. angefattgCtt, begun aitjufangett, to begin Infinitives. angefangen 511 fjafcen, to have begun SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 357 (/) The Passive Voice of separable verbs is perfectly regu- lar. See 318. 321. Conjugation of jerfJtedjett, to break (to pieces), an insepar- able strong verb. (See Footnote, p. 345.) (a) Pres. Ind. I break, etc. icty 5erbred)e bu jerbridn't er erbvid)t Pres. Subj. I break, etc. idj ^erbredic bu ^erbredjeft Per/. Per/. Subj. idj f)abe bu ijaft er fjat ttrir serbredjeu ttrir serbredjeu foir Ijabeu ifjr serbredjt ifjr acrbred)et ifjr l)abt @ie ^erbre^eu @ie serbredjcu @ie ^abeu fie serbredjeu fie ^erbredfeu fie ^abeu I have broken, etc. I have broken, etc. idj fjabe ^erbro^eu bu Ijabcft er l)abe tnir ^abeu - tl)r Ijabct Sie I)abcit fie ^abeu (6) Past. Ind. I broke, etc. id) gerbra^ bu serbrar^ft er ^erbradj niir ^erbra^eu i^r serbrattyt 6ie ^erbra^eu fie gerbrat^eu Past Subj. I broke, etc. id) scrbra'dje bu serbrar^jft er serbra'^c tuir jerbriit^eu it)r serbratfjet <5ie jerbra^eu fie ^erbradjeu Plup. Indie. I had broken, etc. trf) fjatte 5erbrorfjcn bu ftatteft ev ^atte toir fatten i^r Ijrtttct 6ie ^atteu fie ^attett Plup. Subj. I had broken, etc. iff) Ijtitte ^erbrot^eu bu tjtittcft er Ijartc mirptteu ifjr pttet @te ftattett fie Ijattett (c) Future Indie. I shall break, etc. id) tuerbe serbredjett bu toirft serbrecfteu er unrb jcrbredjcn tvir lucrbcn 5crbrer^cn il)r ttierbet jerbre^cu @ie tnevbeu fie merbeu Future Subj. I should break, etc. trf) bu merbefi er tterbe ^erbredjeu ttiir tuerben ^erbredjeit i^r ttierbet jerbredjeu 8ie ttJerbett serbre^eu fie merbeu ^erbredjeu Pres. Conditional. I should break, etc. id) toitrbe serbredjeu bu ttiurbeft 5erbred)eu er ttiirbe toir ttiitrbett jerbre^en tljr luiirbct ^erbredjen Sic tuitrbeu ;,crurcd)en fie tuitrbett 358 SYNTAX. (d) Put. Per/. Indie. Fut. Per/. Subj. I shall have broken, etc. I should have broken, etc. irf) merbe ^erbrodjeu tyabett tdj luerbe ^erbradjeu Ijaben bu tutrft scrbrortjcu Ijabcu bit toerbeft gerbrcdjcu tjalicu cr ttrirb ^erbrodjeu fyabeu er toerbe ^erbrorfjeu Ijabeu trnr tucrbeu serbvodjeu Ijaben ttJir tuerben 5crbrod)eu Ijaben i!)r ttierbet 5erbrod)en ^abett ifyr tuerbet ^erbrorfjen ^aben Sic tnetbcn 5evbrod)cn ^abcn (5ie lucrben scrbrodjcu ()abcu fie merbett serbrurfieu fjabett fie njerbeu ^erbrodjeu (jabett Perfect Conditional. I should have broken, etc. ir() uwrbc ^crbruiljcit fyabeu bu tuiirbeft 5erbn)d|en ^aben er ttwrbe ^etbroc^en Ijabcn Uur nntrbeit fjcrbrorijcn ()abeu il)r tuitrbet ^cvbrordcu Ijabcu Sic luitrbcu 5crbrotf)eu Ijnbcu fie tuiirbeu scvbrorljcu Ijabcu (e) Imperative. Participles. SING, jerbrirf) (bu), break! PRES. ^etbrcdieub, breaking PLU ( 5 e ^ ret ^ c * (i^)f break ! PERF. erbroc^CU f broken ($erbred)eu @ic f break! Infinitives. (ju) serbrerfjett, to break ^erbro^ett (511) tyabeit, to have broken (./) The Passive Voice of inseparable verbs is perfectly reg- ular : id) toerbe jerbrocfyen, etc. See 318. Note that : 1. The separable prefix follows and is separated from the root-verb in the present and past indicative and subjunctive and in the imperative. 2. In all other cases it precedes and is attached to the root- verb. This includes the past participle with prefix ge= and the SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 359 infinitive with sign $&. So we write cmfgeftcmbetl, cmfjuftcfjen, etc. 3o Inseparable verbs are just like simple verbs, except that the past participle does not have the prefix ge-. It is easy to see that this would sound awkward 322. Conjugation of fid) freitett, to be glad, to rejoice, a reflexive verb. (See Footnote, p. 345.) (a) Pres. Ind. Pres. Subj. Perf. Indie. Per/. Subj. I am glad, etc. I am glad, etc. I have been glad, etc. I have been glad, etc. id) fvcuc mid) id) frcitc mid) id) IjaOc mid) gcfreitt id) IjaOe mid) gefreitt bit f rcuft bid) bit f i eiteft bid) bu I) a ft bid) bit Ijabcft bid) cr fveut fid) cr frcitc fid) cr fjnt fid) er Ijafoe fid) tmrfreucituu urir freueu uit3 tuir Ijabett wt3 nrir ijabeu ittt3 - tf)r freitt end) iljr freitet eud) ifjr Ijabt cud) ifjr fjafcet cud) Sic fveucit fid) Sic frcucn fid) Sic fjabett fid) @ic tyabcit fid) - fie freitett fid) fie freitett fid) fie Ijabeit fid) fie Ijabett fid) (6) Past Indie. Past Subj. Plup. Indie. Plup. Subj. I was glad, etc. I was glad, etc. I ha'd been glad, etc. I had been glad, etc. id) freittc mid) idj frcitte mid) id) Ijatte mid) jjefreitt idj pttc mid) gcfreut bit freuteft bic^i bit freitteft bid) bit tjatteft bid) - bit fjatteft bid) er frcitte fir^ cr frcitte fic^ cr f)atte fid) er ijcitte fidj tuir freitten itit^ Hrirfreutett uit tutr fatten un tmr fjcitten nn - tfir frcittet citt^ tl)r freutet end) tfjr Ijattet end) iljr ^attet end) - (Sie fveutett fid) 6ie freuten fid) <3te fatten ftd^ - @ie fjattcit ficft - ftc freuteit ftd| fie freitteit fid) fie fjatten fid) fie fatten fi^ (c) Future Indicative. Future Subjunctive. I shall be glad, etc. I should be glad, etc. id) tnerbe mid) frcueit id) roerbe mid) freitett bit nrirft bid) freitett bu ttierbcft bid) frcuen er rtrirb fid) freueit er werbe fid) freueu tutr roerbeu uu freueu niir ttierbeu uit3 frcuett iljr uierbet cud) freueu ifjr merbet eud) frcuen @te roerbeu fid) freuen @te tuerbeu ftr^ freiten fie ttJcrbeu fid) freueu fie merbeu fid) frettcu 360 SYNTAX. (d) Future Per/. Indie. I shall have been glad, etc. id) ttierbe mid) gefreut Ijabeu bu ttrirft bid) gefreut Ijafieu cr nrirb fid) gefreut Ijafeeu nrir roerben uu3 gcfreut Jja&eu iljr roerbet cud) gefreut ijnbcu Sic luerbeu fid) gcfreut ftabeu fie roerbeu fid) gefreut tyaben (e) Present Conditional. I should be glad, etc. id) roitrbe midj frcucu bit nwrbcft bid) frcuen er uritrbe fid) freuen nrir roitrbeu uu3 freuen il)r nJitrbet cuc^ frcuen Sie niurbeu fid) freuen fie nwrbett fit^ freuen Future Per/. Subj. I should have been glad etc. i(^ uierbe mir^ gcfreut tjafceu bu toerbcft bi(^ gcfreut Ijabeu er ttierbc fit^ gcfrcut l)obcu toir ttjerbcu uu^ gefreut Ijabeu i^r tticrbet cur^ gcfreut Ijafccu @ie merbett fid) gcfreut fyafceu fie tuerbeu fit^ gcfrcut !;ak:t Perfect Conditional. I should have been glad, etc. id) ttriirbe mid) gefrcut bu niitrbeft bic^ gefreut er untrbe fid) gcfreut ^abcu tuir ttfitrbcu un gefrcut (jabeit i^r mitrbct cudft gefrcut l)abcu Sic ttJiirbeu fid^ gefrcut Ijabeu fie fourbctt fir^ gefreut ^abcu (/) Imperative. , Participles. SING, f reuc bid), rejoice I PRES. fid) f reucttb, rejoicing (frcut eitd), rejoice! PERF. fi^ gefrcut, rejoiced LU ' ( freueu @ic fid), rejoice ! Infinitives. fidj su freueu, to be glad fid) gefrcut 511 Ija&ett, to have been glad Note that: 1. The reflexive pronoun in the conjugation of the reflexive verb must change to agree with the subject, just as we say in English, / hurt myself, you hurt yourself, he hurt himself. 2. The reflexive pronoun always follows directly after the verb in the simple tenses and directly after the auxiliary in the compound tenses. 3. All reflexive verbs are conjugated with the auxiliary fjaben. SUMMARY OF INFLECTIONS. 361 322. The Modal Auxiliaries correspond to the English modals as follows: (a) PRESENT. bitrfen, ma?/, to be permitted loniten, can, to be able to mogen, may, to care or like to muff en, must, to be compelled to foflen, shall, ought, to be to ttjolfeu, will, to want to PAST. PAST PARTICIPLE. bnrfte gebnrft or biirfen fonnte gelount or fonnen mod)te gemorijt or mogen muftte gemnfjt or miiffen foffte gefofft or foffen tooffte geroolft or nioflen Present Indicative of Modals. I may, I can, I like, I must, I am to, I want to, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. tdj barf trf) faun iri) mag id) mnf? tdj foil id) lutll bit barfft bn fannft bn magft bn mn^t bn foilft bn aiiffft er barf er faun er mag er mn^ erfofl ertinU toir bitrfen wir funnen nur mogen wir mitffen ttJtr fotten wir moffen if)r biirft il)r funnte i^r mogt ttjr mitftt t^r fottt iftr mofft Sie biirfen 6te fbmten @ie mijgen @ie mitffen @ie fotten Sie woffen fie biirfen fie fiwnen fie mijgen fie mitffen fie fotten fie moffen W Present Subjunctive. I may, I can, I like, I must, I am to, I want to, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. iff) bitrfe id) fihtne id) mugc id) miiffe id) folte id) nioffe bu biirfeft bn fiiniteft bn mijgeft bn miiffeft bn folleft bu ttJofleft er biirfe er fiwne er miige er miiffe er fotte er iwoHe roir biirfen ttiir lounen tuir mogen roir mitffen tuir f often unr moffen ifjr biirfet tin* fuuuet iljr mogct i^r miiffet i^r foffet iljr nioffet Sie biirfen @ie lonnen Sie mogen 6ie mitffen @ie foffen @ie uioften fie biirfen fie fiinnen fie mogen fie miiffen fie foflen fie luoUcn (d) I was per- I was able, mitted, etc. etc. Past Indicative. I liked to, etc. I had to, etc. I ought to, I wanted to, etc. etc. id) burfte tdj fonnte id) modjte id) mnffte id) foftte idj moffte bu burfteft bn fomtteft bn mo^teft bn mu^teft bn foffteft bn uioHteft er burfte er fonnte er modjte er mufete er foflte er ttJoffte 362 SYNTAX. ttrir bnrften Urir fomtten Urir modjten nnr mnfrtcn nnr fulltcu nrir tuollten ifjr burftet ifjr foutttet iljr modjtet iljr mit^tet tljr fofltet iljr roofltet Sie bnrften toittb, be -e3, bte -e, even- ing wind. bie $l'&ettbto0lfe, ber , bte -tt, evening cloud. ba3 ^t'^etttcuct, be^ -3, bte , adven- ture. ct'fat, coordinating conj. and adv., but, however, indeed, moreover. ab'gef)ett,t ginoj ab, abgegangeu, to go down, away, or off; depart. a&'jjefdjtefoett, separate, separated, isolated. o&'geiragen, worn, shabby, thread- bare. ber alcana, be8 -e, bic slope. tng ab, abgefyattgett, c6 b, to hang from, depend, fe^rte ab, abcjefefyrt, to turn away. ab'malcu, matte ab, abgematt, to paint. aU'ueijmcn, nat)m ab, abgenommcn, to take off . afe'mfett, rtef ab, abgerufett, to call away. ob'fc^etHen,)- fcfyteb ab, abgefa)iebeit, to depart; separate, bcr 2l&'jrf>teb, be^ -e^, bte -e, parting, leave, farewell. o&'fdjtogen, fcfylitg ab, abgefci^tagen, to strike or knock off or down; to refuse. af'fd)lief$ett, fd)foj? ab, abgefcfyloffen, to shut off, close. a&'fioftett, ftte^ ab, abgeftof en, to push or shove off ; to repel, to be repul- sive. a&'itwttbertt,t toattberte ab, abcjetoattfcert, to wander away, depart. ofc'fcel)rcit, ive^rte ab, abgettjeljrt, to ward off ; decline. aD'iuctrtcn, h)anbte ab, abgen^anbt, to turn off, away, or aside. nUtucrfcit, toarf ab, abgett)orfen, to throw off or down. a&'5tef)ett, 303 ab, abgesogen, to pull off ; bte attt abjtetjen, to skin. a$! ah! oh! alas! SSety itnb 2lc^, complaining, bte 2W)t, ber , attention, heed. attjicljctt odjt, eight. ber iU'tfer, beg -g, bte Stcfer, field, acre. SUbe', adieu, farewell. b?r 21'bel, be -g, nobility. bte SU'ber, ber , bte -n f vein. ber 2(f'fe, beg -rt, bte -n, ape, monkey. afyn'iifl), like, resembling, similar. bte 911'ge, ber , bte -n, alga, sea- weed. afl, -e, -em, -en, -er, -eg, all, every; aUe age, every day. allein', alone; coord, conj., but. oHerfjart'fte, hardest of all. oflerlei', all kinds of. al'Ie$, new?. sirci?. o/ aft, everything. al$, ftnbord. conj ., when ; than, as, but. aJ3balb, immediately. al'fo, aefr;., accordingly, so, then, thus. ait, -e, -em, -en, -er, -eg, alter, ber altefte, old. 5U'te, alt used as a noun, old man or old woman. al'tertiimlid), antique, old fashioned. am = an bem. ber Sttmerifa'ner, beg -g, bte , Amer- ican. an,. prep, with dat. and ace., at, by, on, of, to, in. mt'toe$ett,t fcradj an, angefcrocfyen, to break, dawn. bag SUn'benfcn, beg -g, memory, keep- sake. an'fccr, other, next, following, else. SMn'bereS, neut. sing, of anber, else, different. an ; l>cr$, adv., otherwise, different, else. bag 2ln'ber$feht, being different. ber Un'fang, beg -eg, bte Slnfange, be- ginning. an'fangen, ftng an, angefangen, to be- gin. an'faffen, fapte an, angefa^t, to seize, to take hold of. nn'ndien, ging an, angegangen, to con- cern. pleasant, agreeable. an'gefeJjett,, respected ; see anfefyen. bte Stngfi, ber , bte Stngfte, anxiety, fright, anguish. tinfl'filirf), anxious, timid, nervous. nu'tjabctt, ^atte an, ange^abt, to have on, wear. rtu'lwltcn, ^telt an, ange^atten, to stop. bte 3(n'l)itt)c, ber , bte -n, hill. an'tjoren, ^orte an, ange^ort, to listen, hear. an'fommen,! fam an, angefommen, to arrive, come ; aitf etn^ag, to depend. SUn'fommenfc, pres. participle of an* fommen, arriving, arrival. an'fam, see anfommen. an r malcn, matte an, angematt, to paint. 3ln'na, Anna. au'rcnnctt,t rannte an, angerannt, to run against. an'Mifett, rtef an, angerufen, to call, call upon, accost. cm3 = an bag. an'fdjauen, fcfyaute an,' angefd)aut, to look at. bag Oln'fd)iagen, beg -g, stroke, strik- ing. an'fdjlagett, fc^Iug an, angefcfylagen, to strike, begin to strike. an'feljen, fa^> an, angefefyen, to look at, see. att'ftjredjett, f^rad^ an, angef^rod^en, to address. att'fta'nbig,, respectable, decent(ly). an'ftatt, prep, ivith gen., instead of. an'freteit, trat an, angetreten, to step up, to enter upon. bte aint'iuort, ber , bte -en, answer. mtt'uiortcn, antnjortete, geantn?ortet, to answer. ait' ( vcfjcn, 5og an, ange^ogen, to pull ; to put on, dress. ber SHn'suo, be -e$, bie 2ln$uge, suit. an'siittfcen, siutbete an, angeimbet, to light, kindle. ber Sty'fet&mtm, be3 -e$, bie -bawrte, apple-tree. ber 3fWcttt', be -e$, appetite. bie SUr'fceit, bee , bie -en, work. ar'fceiten, arfceitete, gearbeitet, to work. arg, iirger, ber argfte, bad, severe. ber <m, be3 -e3, bie -e, arm. arm, armer, ber armfte, poor. air'me, used as a noun, bie -n, the poor. bie 2lrt, ber , bie -en, kind, manner, way. ber aift, be$ -eg, bie Sfte, branch. a$, see effen, a'temto$, breathless. oud), acZv., also, too, even. bie 2lu'e, ber , bie -n, meadow. ouf, prep, with dat. and ace., on, upon; in, at; cwf einmal, suddenly; auf unb ab, up and down, back and forth ; with a word of future time, for ; auf s jftorgen, for to-morrow. auf'faflett,t fiet auf, aufgefaUen, to strike; attract attention. ouffinbeit, fanb auf, aufgefunben, to find, find out. bie aiuf'gafce, ber , bie -n, exercise, lesson. mtf'ge&en, gab auf, aufgegefcen, to give up. auf'gef)ett,t ging auf, aufgegangen, to ft, see auf!no>fen mif'greifen, griff auf, aufgegriffen, to' pick up. auf' fjefcen, fyob auf, aufgefyoben, to lift ; pick up. aiif ^citcrtt, ^eiterte auf, aufgefyeitert, to cheer up ; to clear up. ouf'fjordjett, fjorc^te auf, aufgetyordjt, to listen to. auft)orett, ^orte auf, aufge^brt, to cease, stop, auj'htii^fcu, fno^fte auf, aufgehtopft, to unbutton. mtf'iaf^cn, ta^te auf, aufgelacfyt, to laugh, break out into a laugh, mtf'nuuijcu, mad)te auf, aufgemac^t, to open. auf'merffam, attentive. aufmc^men, natjnt auf, aufgenommen, to pick up ; to take up, receive. ouf'reifeen, rifj auf, aufgeriffen, to tear open, to open wide. aundjrei&ett, fcfyriefc auf, aufgef^rieben, to write down. aupfeifett, fe^te auf, aufgefe^t, to set up; to put on. .<4f'fcufsett, feufote auf, aufgefeufjt, to sigh, heave a sigh. mif'fjjrmgen,t f prang auf, aufgefprung* en, to jump up. auf'ftel)ett,t ftanb auf, aufgeftanben, to get up, rise, stand up. auf'ftetgett,t ftieg auf, aufgeftiegen, to rise, ascend. cmf'fteUett, ftcKte auf, aufgefteltt, to raise, set up. iwf'tattd)en,t taud^te auf, aufgetauc^t, to rise, appear. mtf's unb dii'oe^en, to walk back and forth. mtf's wnb afc'ttwttbertt, to wander back and forth, mtf 'ttmrfjcn, f hjad^te auf, aufgen^ac^t, to wake up. ouf'itia^fcn,t tuuc^^ auf, aufgetoacfyfen, to grow up. mtf'tucrfcn, hjecfte auf, aufgcn>ecft, to awaken. awf'hicrfcn, n>arf auf, aufgetuorfen, to throw up, fling open. mif'stefan, sog auf, aufgejogen, to pull up, raise, bring up. ba$ Slu'ge, be^ -^, bie -en, eye. ber 9fis'0ett&H(t beg -eg, fcie -e, moment. SUu'guftitt, Augustine. 011$, prep, with dat. t out, out of; from, of; adv., out, up, over, done. au$'fclei&eit,t blieb aug, auggeblieben, to stay away, fail to come. mtd'&rcttcn, breitete aug, auggebrettet, to spread out. mt's>clmcn, befntte aug, auggebctynt, to stretch out, extend. ber 3Cit$'britff, beg -eg, bie 2lugbrucfe, expression. auSetncm'ber, apart, asunder. mt$einan'berffmngen,t tyrang , -ge* fprungen, to scatter, disperse. au$'fint>en, fanb aug, auggefunbett, to find out. mtd'gefyen,! ging aug, auggegangen, to go out. aisS'fodjjctt, lacfyte cmg, auggclarf)t, to laugh at. mi'(atifen,t lief aug, auggelaufett, to run out, put forth, issue. m&'Imttcn, Uiutetc aug, auggetautet, to proclaim the end by ringing the bells. mt'mad)ett, nivic^te aug, auggemad)t, to put out ; eg macfyt ntd^tg aug, it does not matter, it makes no difference. ottd'retftett, ri^ aug, auSgeriffen, to tear out, pull out, extract. mtd'reitettrf ritt aug, auggerttten, to ride out, to take a ride. , ru^te aug, aiiggerulfyt, to rest. t), see , fc^aute aug, auggefcfyaut, to look out. ott^'fri)tafen f fdjltef aug, auggefc^tafen, to sleep enough. mi^'fr^lagctt, jc^tug aug, auggefc^Iagen, to finish striking. auS'feljen, jafy aug, auggefe^en, to loofe^ mtff'er, exterior, outer. p, with gen., outside of. auft'erft, extreme (ly) . miS'ftatten, ftattcte aug, aiiggeftattet, to furnish, endow. mt^'toenbig, by heart. mi^'hierfen, n?arf aug, aitggetoorfen, to throw out, cast out. mtS'stetyeit, og aug, auggegogen, to pull out, to put off, take off. ber $8atf), beg -eg, bte 35acf>e, brook. Imrf'en, bu!, gebacfeu, er bacft, to baks. fta'bcn, babete, gebabet, to bathe. bte s&al)n, ber , bie ~en, road, way, course. Bull), soon ; balb . . , fcatb, sometimes . . . sometimes. bag Q3anb f beg -eg, bte SBcinber, ribbon. feang'ett, bangte, gebangt, impers. with dat., to be afraid. bie %$ant, ber , bte SBiinfe, bench. ber *or, beg -en, bte -en, bear. ', beg -eg, bie -e, barber. ), harsh, gruff. ber art, beg -eg, bie 8arte, beard. ^mt'en, baute, gcbaut, to build, raise; to depend. ber $mi'er, beg -g, or -n, bte -n, farmer, peasant. bie SBttti'erofrmt, ber , bie -en, farm- er's wife, country woman. ber QSmt'emiunge, beg -n, bie -it, coun- try boy. bag SBatt'eritmabdjen, beg -g, bie , country girl. bie SBmi'mttradijt, ber , bie -en, rustic dress. ber Saum, beg -g, bte SBaume, tree. ber SBawtt'ftamm, beg -eg, bte ^aum* ftdmme, tree-trunk. ber $Baum'5ttieig, beg -eg, bie -e, branch of a tree. fcrw'tc, see batten, beffer fcebanfcn, bebcmfte, bebcmft, to thank; bebcmfte ficfy beim $u?uf, thanked the cuckoo. fcefcecfen, bcbecfte, bebecft, to cover. fcebeu'tew, bcbeutete, bebcutet, to mean, signify. bie SQee're, bcr , btc -n, berry. fcefafjl', see befefyleu* ber SBefefjl', be3 -e, bie -e, command, order. fcefeltf'eit, befaf;(, fcefotyten, er befiefylt, to command, order. fceftnfc'en, befomb, befunbcn, to find; fid; bcfmbcn, to be. &efof)l'ett, -see befefylen. fcefret'cn, befreite, befreit, to set free, deliver. fcegann', see bcginncn. begeo'nen,t begegncte, begegnet, to meet. c -c3, beginning. , bcgann, begonncn, to begin. Itegict'tett, fceglettctc, begtcttct, to go with, accompany. ftegra'ftcn, begrub, bcgraben, er fcegrcifct, to bury. (egrci'fen, Bcgrtff, fcegriffctt, grasp, comprehend, understand. , fcegritfcte, bcgrit^t, to greet. , at ease, comfortable. fcetyalt'eu, betjtelt, fcefjalten, er be^iilt, to keep. fret, prep. m/i cZa^., at, in, by, at the house of, near. bie $8etd)'te, ber , bie -n, confes- sion . fcei'fce, both, two. fceim = bet bent. ba3 $8eiit, beg -e^, bie -e, leg. bie $8ein'f letter, jo/., trousers. fceift'en, tn^ f gebiffett, to bite. fccfmtnt', acquainted, familiar, ber SBefmm'te, befannt used as noun, acquaintance. bte &efatmt'fd)afi, ber , bie -en, acquaintance. defunt'incii, befam, be!ommen f to get; to agree with. fcefitrn'mern, befiimmerte, befitmmcrt, to care. fcelei'btgett, beleibigte, betetbtgt, to offend, insult. fcel'ien, betlte, gebeflt, to bark. liclulXucn, belo(;nte, belofmt, to reward, repay. ^emet'fen, bemerftc, bemerft, to notice, remark. foequem', convenient, comfortable. feerei'tctt, bcreitete, bcrettet, to prepare. ber ^8etg f be3 -e^, bte -e, mountain, hill ; 311 23erge, on end. ber $Berg'(e$)ljrtng, be^ -c8, bie fycinge, mountain slope. SBerlm', Berlin. ^et ot, geboten, to offer. bag $8tlb, beg -eg, bie -er, picture. fcil'beit, fcilbete, gebilbet, to form, fashion. , j pretty as a picture, very beautiful. fctn, am ; see fein. Dinb'en, banb, gebunben, to bind. fci$, prep, w^/i ace., till, to; adj. and conj., until; nadii, auf, until. &tft, see fein. i% see fceifcen. liit'te, please; you're welcome (in reply to S)anfe, " thank you ") ; jefyr, you are quite welcome ; I beg your pardon. fttt'fcn, bat, gebeten, to beg, ask; bit* tenb, beseeching, begging. fcit'terlidj, bitter(ly). lilmif, bright, clean, white, shining. fela'fen, blieg, geblafen, er btaft, to blow. Wa^, pale. bag smart, beg -eg, bie flatter, leaf, sheet. Iilatt, blue ; -feiben, (of) blue silk. bag lci, beg -eg, lead. fclei'fcett,t blieb, geblieben, to stay, re- main ; ftetyen , to stop, stand still. feleid), pale. ber Iei'ftift, beg -eg, bie -e, lead- pencil. fclen'ben, blenbetc, geblenbet, to blind, dazzle. bcr $8Ucf, beg -eg, bte -e, gaze, look, glance, sight. fcliif'te I)tnait3', see (;inaugbli(fen. felted, see bleiben. felted, see btafen. felin'fcn, blinfte, gebtinft, to gleam, flash. bcr SBltt?, beg -eg, bie -e, lightning, flash of lightning. &Wen, bu'^te, gebti^t, to flash, lighten, see 206. ftlonb, -fyaarig, blond, fair-haired. blof?, bare; adv., only, merely. felii^'cn, blii^te, gebtii^t, to bloom, blossom. bte QSht'me, bcr , bie -n, flower. bag SSlum'c^en, beg -g, bie, little flower. ber SBlu'menfeldj, beg -eg, bie -e, cup or chalice of a flower. bag SSIut, beg -eg, blood. Muteu bantmettt felti'ten, blutete, geblutet, to bleed. ber SSlw'tenbe, bleeding (man) ; see bluten. fcfa'tig, bloody, ber $80'be, beg -8, bie SBoben, bottom, ground, earth, floor. 09, see biegen. ber $80'gen, beg -8, bie or SBogen, bow, arch. bag $800t, beg -eg, bie -e, boat. fco'fe, bad, wicked, evil, cross, angry ; ber 336'fe, the Evil One, Satan; SBofeg, evil, ill, bofe wsed as a noun. &03'f)aft, mean, malicious, wicked, ber $80'te, beg -n, bie -n, messenger. fcrad), see brecfyen ; ab, see abbrecfycn. fcrarfi'te, see bringen. fcradj'te ffinein', see fyinembrtngen. fcratm'te, fyerab, nieber, see bren= nert, tycrabbrennen, nieberbrennen. btci'tctt, briet, gefcraten, er brat, to fry, roast. brmi'djen, brau^te, gcbrauc^t, to' use, need. fcrmt'ctt, braute, gebraut, to brew, fermtn, brown ; braunttrf), brownish. 6rau'fen f braufte, gebraitft, to .roar, bie Q3vmit, ber , bie 23rcmte, bride, betrothed, loved one. fcrecfi'ett, brad^, gcbrodjjen, er brt^t, to break ; refract, subdue. bmt, broad, wide. fcret'tete firfi a, see aitSbretten. tren'ncn, brannte, gebrannt, to burn. f, Jje -c, bie -e, letter. , brac^te, gebracfyt, to bring. bag 33rot f beg -eg, bie -e, bread. fcrot'103, unprofitable, bie 33rii'rfc f ber , bie -en, bridge. ber 93ru'ber, beg -g, bie SBriiber, brother. (vil'betli^ brotherly. brum'mcn, brummte, gebrummt, to growl. bag SBmm'men, beg -g, growling. bag 3$ucf), beg -eg, bie S5iid;er, book. ber ^ud^'Iabcn, beg -g, bie -laben, book- store. bie $8iidj'fe, ber , bie -n, gun. ber $hwf)'fta&e, beg -ng, bie -n, letter. bag SBfi'geletfett, beg -g, bie , flat-iron. bag $8im't>el, beg -g, bie , bundle. Inmt, gaj r , bright, many r colored. ber ^ttt'fciie, beg -n, bie -n, fellow. ber $Bftf>, beg -eg, bie SBiifcfye, bush. bie SBiit'ter, ber , butter. bag SBttt'terfcntf, beg -eg, bie -e, piece of bread and butter; -brot tttit 0cf>infen, ham sandwich. ber (^fjrttaf'tcr, character. ber ad)er, roof. fccwfj'te, see benfen, ', through that, thereby. fiir', for it, for that. , against it; etn^ag fyaben, to object. bat>ctm' f at home. bafyin', thither, away, along. ba()tu'tcit, behind. bie 3)a'mc f ber , btc -n, lady. bamit', with it, by that ; subord. conj., in order that. bom'mertt, bammerte, gebanjmert, to dawn. bit bic ^am'mcmng, bcr , twilight. bamjj'fen, bampfte, gefcamvft, to steam, smoke; -b, steaming, smoking, bcr ^anf, beg 2>anreg, thanks. banf'&ar, grateful. ban'fcn, banfte, gcbanft, to thank; -b, thanking, with thanks ; bcmfe fcfyon, many thanjvs ! bann, then, in that case. bat, there, forth. baran', on it, at it, against it ; of it, to it, in it. baronf, upon it, on it; thereupon. baran$', out of it. barf, see bitrfcn. bar in', f he rein, in it or that. barin'ncn, therein, within. barnad)', after it or that; like it; accordingly. barii'fccr, over it or that ; about it, at that. baram', about it, for that ; therefore. baran'tcr, under it or that, among it o? 1 them. ba$, the ; who, that ; see ber* baft, subord. conj., that, in order that. bau'em, bauertc, gebaucrt, to last, en- dure. 2>awtt'(mj, Thumbling, Hop-o'-my- thumb. baiton', from it, of it, about it; of that, on it; away. bauon'Iaufcn, t lief battovt, bafconcjelaufen, to run away. baju', to it ; for that ; besides ; at the same time. bajnrifdyen, between them, between or among. betf'cn, bccfte, gebecft, to cover, hide. bcin, -c, -em, -en, -er, -e, your. bcm, the ; see ber. bemfct'5cn, the same. ben, the ; see ber. ben'fcn, bacfyte, gebac^t, to think. e^ -e, bie -c or malcr, monument. bcnn, for. indeed; interrogative par- ticle used to emphasize questions. bcr, the ; he, who, which, that. berfc, firm, stout, rough. bereinft', in the future, once, some- time. berje'tttge, the one, berfel'fce, the same. bertoeif', while. be, see ber. be$'f)aUi, therefore, on that account. be^fel'fcen, of the same. bef'fen, whose, of which. bc'fto, the, so much the. beit'ten, beittctc, gebeutet, to point, indi- cate. bent'Itdj, plain, clear, distinct. bentfd), German. ^entfd)'Ianb, Germany. ber ^cjcm^er, beg -g, bic , Decem- ber. bidjt, dense, close,'close by. bii^'ten, bid)tete, gebid;tet, to write poe- try. biff, big, thick, stout, corpulent. bag &irf'id)t, beg -eg, bic -e, thicket. bic, the, who ; see ber. bic'nen, biente, gebiertt, to serve, work for. bcr ^ie'ttcr, beg -g, bic , (male) ser- vant. bic S>te'nerin, bcr , bic -nen, maid- servant. bcr 3>icnft, beg -eg, bic -e, service. bie$, bicfc, -nt, -n, -r, -g, this, ths latter. biefel'fcc, the same. bic^'fcit^, prep, with gen., on this side of. bag &ing, beg -eg, bic -c, thing, crea- ture. bir, (to or for) you. bte ^i'ftel, ber , bte -n, thistle. bod), yet, surely, still, indeed, after all; though. It is often emphatic and can be rendered by do or pray or may be omitted entirely. ber ^of'tor, beg -g, bte -en, doctor. ber 3>on'ner, thunder. bmt'new, bonnerte, gebonnert, eg bmt* nert, to thunder. bag ^Ott'ttertoctter, beg -g, bte , thun- derstorm. lt, double. f, beg -eg, bte 3)orfer, village. bte 0rfiete, pi., inhabitants of the village. ber arn, beg -eg, bte -en, thorn. bort, there, yonder. borttyin', yonder, over there. twang, see brtngen. bran'gett, brangte, gebrangt, to press, push, force. brau'ften, outside. bret, three. brei'mal, three times. brin'aen, brang, gebritngen, to press, push, penetrate. btin'nen, therein. brit'tc, third ; brttteng, thirdly. bag $rit'tef, the third. broken, bro{;te, gcbrofyt, with dat., to threaten. bte $v0f'fel, ber , bte -n, thrush. brii'feen, yonder, on that side. brii'fcer, see bariifcer. brii'rfcn, briirfte, gebriicft, to press, squeeze, oppress. fcntm, see barittn. bu, you, thou. ber &nft, beg 2)ufteg, bte 2)itfte, fra- grance, perfume. bni'ben, butbete, gebulbet, endure, suffer, allow. bnlb'fant, tolerant. bnntm, bitmmev, ber bitmmfte, dull, stu- pid ; ber S)umnte, dunce, simpleton. bte S)nmm^cit, ber , bte -en, non- sense. bumjjf, damp, musty, hollow. bnn'fel, dark, gloomy; -Blau, dark blue ; -griin, dark green. bag >im'fel, beg -g, dark, darkness. bte >n'felljeit, ber , darkness. bim'feln, bunfelte, gebunfelt, to grow dark. bitnn, thin, slender. burcf), prep, with ace., through, by. bnrdjbc'bcn, burrf)bebte, burdjfcebt, to shake; thrill, agitate. bnrtpiat'tern, burc^btatierte, bitrc^btafc- tert, to skim over. burcfybrin'gen, burd;brang, burdjbrungen, to penetrate. ber ^uroygang, beg -eg, bte 2>itrd^ gcinge, passage. burdj'gefdjoffen, shot through. bnttt)fd)rei'ten, bitrd)fc^)rttt, bitrcfyfcfyrtt* ten, to walk through, to cross. bifr'fen, burfte, geburft, may, be allowed, or permitted. biirf'te, subj., might, be allowed. burr, dry, lean, gaunt. ber *ft, beg -eg, thirst. bur'ftig, thirsty. bu'fter, dark, gloomy. e'&en, even, level, just, merely, just now. ^ bag @ r ^cn^0ls, beg -eg, ebony. e'fcenfo, likewise, just as, in the same manner. edjt, genuine, real. bte @'tfe, ber , bte -en, corner. ber (g'belfteitt, beg -eg, bte -e, jewel. e'lje, subord. conj. t before, sooner, rather. bte (Slj're, ber , bte -n, honor. etyrett 10 citcjcifdjon ety'rett, efyrte, geefyrt, to honor. bie (gfj'retthwdje, ber , bie -n, escort, chaperon. ba3 , beg -eg, alder- bushes. erliifdj'ett, edofd), erlofcfyen, to disap- pear, vanish, go or put out. erlii'fen, erlofte, erloft, to deliver. mtft, crwft^oft, J eriiff'nen, eroffnete, eroffnet, to open, lead. erquicfte, erquicft, to restore. f erreidjte, erretc^t, to reach. errang, errungen, to get by effort. erfdjal'tot, erfd)ott, erfc^oflen, to re- sound. erfdjei'itett,t erftf)ien, erfc^ienen, to ap- pear. erfctyott', see serious, earnest, stern. etfdjityft 12 Senftcrfdjeibe t', exhausted, fatigued. erfdjrerf'en, erfcfyrerfte, erfcfyrerft, to frighten, startle. etfdjrerf'en,! erfcfyraf, erfcfyrorfen, to be frightened or alarmed. erfrfjnwf'en, see erfd)recfen. erft, first; at first; not until; er'fteng, in the first place, firstly; er'fter, former. erfims'stett, erftcmnte, erftaurtt, to be as- tonished. bag (Srftau'iten, beg -g, astonishment. erftmmt', astonished. erftm'teit, erftritt, crftritten, to get by striving. ertii'nen,t ertonte, ertont, resound. ertrm'fen,t ertranf, ertruttten, to be drowning, drown. erfcmd)'en,t ertoadjte, ertoacfyt, to awake, wake. erftmd)'fen,t ertmtcfyg, ertoacfyfert, to grow up. erhwr'ten, ertoartete, ertoartet, to wait, expect. erttier'&eit, ertoarb, ertoorfcett, to ac- quire, gain. etHrie'aem, ertDteberte, ertt>iebert, to re- turn, reply, answer. -eS, bie -e, metal. er^a^Ue, erja^tt, to tell, relate, crjtoang, erjltjungen, to force. e, it ; there. ef'fett, a^, gegcffcn, er \$t, to eat. ba^ f'fcn, beS -, meal, food. bcr (Sft'faol, be -c, bie e^fdle, dining- room. bag (g^^immcr, beg -3, bie , dining- room. ct'toa^ f something, anything, some- what. eu'er, eit'rer, your. bag (^tJaune'Iutm, gospel. bie (g'twgfett, ber --, eternity. l, ber , bie -n, fable. ber 3ra'ben, beg -g, bie ^aben, thread. bie 3fayne, ber , bie -n, flag. fa^'rm,f fu^r, gefafyren, er fa^rt, to drive, pass. ber Sfaljf'ttieg, beg -eg, bie -e, road, wagon road. fal'lett,f fid, gef alien, ev fciat, to fall. fctffd), false, deceitful. ber 3ral'te!tUwrf, beg -eg, drapery. bie 8ami'Iie, ber , bie -n (four sylla- bles), family. fmtb mi3, see augftnben. faitcj'en, fing, gefaugen, er fangt, to catch. bie Sar'&e, ber , bie -n, paint, color. faf'fett, fajjte, gcfa^t. to seize, grasp, set. faft, almost. bag $af$, beg ^affeg, bie ftaffcr, barrel. bie ^fouft ber , bie ^-ciuftc, fist. fcd^'tcn, fod;t, gefocf)ten, er fid)t, to fence, fight. bie l^c'bcr, ber , bie -n, feather, pen. bie $ee, ber , bte -n, fairy. fe^'ien, fefyltc, gcfe(;It, to miss, fail, want, lack, be absent. ber 8?d)'(er, beg -g, bte , error, mis- take. fet'ern, feierte, gefeiert, to celebrate, hold, keep. fern, fine, nice, elegant, delicate. ber $etnt>, beg -eg, bie -e, enemy. bag Srelb, beg -eg, bie -er, field. ber $el3, *>*$ ^etfen, bie geljen or ber ^etfen, beg gfdfenS, bie ^-dfen, rock. bag fferfetttiff, beg -eg, bie -e, cliff, reef. bag gfdS'ftiuf, beg -eg, bie -e, piece of rock. bag ^fen'fter, beg -g, bie , window. bie 3fett'fterfrf)eibe, ber , bie -n, win- dow-pane. fern 13 Jyfrttt fern, far, distant. bte $er'ne, ber , distance. fer'tig, ready, done, finished. bag 3reft, beg -eg, bie -e, feast, holiday, festival. fcft, firm, fast. ber 3fef*'0*f, beg -eg, bte -e, fish. ftfcf)'en, ftfcfyte, gefifd)t, to fish. ber Sifdj'er, beg -g, bie , fisher- man. bic ^ifdj'erfrmi, ber , bic -en, fisher- woman. flodj, flat, level. bie %la'tf)e, ber , bte -en, surface, plain. bie 3-la'fd)c, ber , bte -en, bottle. fletfj'tett, ftocfyt, geftoc^ten, er flidjt, to twine, weave. bag flletfd), beg -eg, flesh, meat. fleift'tg, diligent, industrious. fltff'ctt, fticfte, geftirft, to patch, mend. fJie'nen,t ftog, geffogen, to fly. flic'^en, ftofy, geflo^en, to flee. n f t ffofc, gefloffen, to flow; -b, flowing, liquid. "n, see fttcgen. n, finite, gcfluc^t, to curse, swear. fliidj'ttg, fugitive, slight, hasty, ber Slu'gel, beg -g, bie , wing. flitf'fig, fluid, liquid. flu'ftern, flufterte, gcftiiftert, to whis- per. ber $htf?, beg ftluffeg, bte ^litffe, river, bte $Uit, ber , bte -en, flood, water. fol'aeit,t folgte, gefclgt, to follow, ber Srife'fter, be^ -g, bte , forester, forest-keeper. fort, on, away, gone. fort'fnf)ren;t fit^r , -fortgefat;ren, to drive on or away ; continue. fort'geljen,t ging , gcgangcn, to go away, continue. fort'iagett, jagte , -gejagt, to drive away. fort'fb'mten, fonnte , -gefonnt, to be able to proceed or to get away. fotft'lmtfen,t lief , -gelanfen, to run away. fovi'reiten,t ritt , -gcritten, to ride away, fm-t'fejfett, fe^te , fortgefe^t, to put away, to continue. fort'tragen, trng , -gctragcn, to carry away. fort'freifcen, trieb , -getrieben, to drive away. fort'ste^en, cg , -gesogen, to pull away, move away. fort'toerfett, toarf , -gett>orfen, to throw away. bie ftra'ge, ber , bie -n, question. fra'gcf fragte, gefragt, to ask; reflex., to be a question. fraf?, see freffen. bie ft-rait, ber , bte -en f woman, wife, lady, Mrs. 14 tie Sfrow'eitgeftaft, ber , bie -en, female form. bag Sfraw'tetaf beg -g, bie , young lady, Miss. fret, free, leisure. fvci'en, freite, gefreit, to woo, marry. bie ^rci'ljett, fc, cr f bf c _ en ^ liberty. frei'foffeit, u'e$ , -getaffen, to set free. frei'itdj, certainly, indeed, of course ; however. fremb, strange, foreign; ber $retnbe, stranger. fref'feit, fraf?, gefreffcn, er fri^t, to eat (used of animals only). bie Srreu'be, ber , bie -n, joy, pleas- ure ; mit tcwfenb -n, very gladly. ber ^reti'benfdjret, beg -eg, cry of joy. freu'btg, joyful, glad. freiib'fcoll, happy, joyous. fid) freu'en, freute fid), gefreut, to re- joice, be glad ; ficfy auf ettoag freuen, to look forward to or anticipate with pleasure. ber ^reunb, beg -eg, bie -e, friend. fremtb'Itd), kind, friendly. ber 3frte't>e(n), beg ^riebeng, bie ^rieben, peace, quiet. ber Srrieb'ljof, beg -eg, bie -^cfe, grave- yard, cemetery. frie'ren, fror, gefroren, to freeze. frifd), fresh, anew. 3M*j, Fred. frol), happy, glad, joyous, friilj'tid), glad, happy, merry. ber fyrol)'fmtt, cheerfulness. bev ^rofc^, beg -eg, bie ^rofdje, frog. ber S*oft, beg -eg, bie ^ro'fte, frost, cold. bie Srru^t, ber , bie ftriicfytc, fruit. frity, early. frit ; ()er, earlier, former(ly) . ber $riif)'ttng, beg -g, bie -e, spring. bag ^riilj'ftiirf, beg -eg, breakfast. fity'lcn, fii(;(te, gefiitylt, to feel. fI)r, see fafyren; ful;r fort, see fort- fafyren. fii^'rett, fii^rte, gefii^rt, to lead, ber Sfity'rer, beg -g, bie , guide. fiil'Iett, fiiate, gefiitlt, to fill. fiinf, five; -sefyn, fifteen. fim'feln, funfelte, gefunfeft, to sparkle, shine, fur, prep, with ace., for, by; toag fiir ein, what kind of a. fiirdj'ten, fiird)tete, gefiirc^tet, to fear, dread; fid) fiirdjtett (t>or), to be afraid (of). fiir3,/or fiir bag. ber Sriirft, beg -en, bie -en, prince, sovereign, ber 3ftsft r beg -eg, bie $ii$e, foot; 511 ^ii^en, at the feet, ber $ft'fab, beg -eg, bie -e, footpath. fiit'tern, fiittertc, gefiittert, to feed. , see gefcen. , ber , bie -n, fork. bie @an$, ber , bie anfe, goose. ber (Mn'feftaH, beg -eg, bie -ftafle, goose- pen or stall. gmt5, whole, all, entire, wholly, quite, very ; gan$ unb gar, completely, en- tirely ; ein gan5er $d'ntg, every inch a king. gar, quite, very, even, indeed, alto- gether, at all. ber (^ar'tett, beg -g, bie arten, garden. ber dfrart'ner, beg -g, bie , gardener. ber aft, beg -g, bie @afte, guest. gefca'ren, gefcar, geboren, to bear, to give birth to. bag Gfrefcmi'be, beg -eg, bie , building. ge'&en, gab, gegefcen, er giefct, to give, grant, yield, afford. bag e&et', beg -eg, bie -e, prayer. bag (&e&tr'ge, beg -eg, bie , moan; tains, mountain chain. 15 gefco'ren, born ; see gefcaren. geferadjt', see fcrtngen. gefcra'ten, see braten. ge&rjw'cfyen, gebrattdjte, gebraitcfyt, to use. gefcrmirftf', see braudjen and gebraudjen. ge&rod)'cn, broken-hearted ; see brecfyen. ber <$efrsrt3'tag, beg -eg, bie -e, birth- day, bag efciifdj', beg -eg, bte -e, brush, underwood, bushes. gefcatfjt', see bertfen. ber <$efean'fe, beg -rig, bte -n, thought. gefcan'fenfcoH, thoughtful. gebeifyen, gebtel;, gebiefyen,t to thrive, bte dlebislb', ber , patience. geburft', see biirfcn. gefai'len, geftel, gefatten, er gefattt, to please, suit. ber efal'Ien, beg -g, favor. gefal'ttgft, please, if you please. bag efang'niS, beg -niffeg, bte -ntffe, prison. gefiel', see gefaden. gcffo'gen, see fttegen. bag efitl)l', beg -eg, bte -e, feeling, sensation. gegan'jjett, see gefyen. ge'gctt, prep, with ace., against, at, towards, about, bte dk'genb, ber , bte -en, region, country, vicinity. , across, opposite. ftartb , -geftanben, to stand opposite. gerjef'fett, see effen. gc^, -e, -ft, -t, see gefyen. getyafct', had ; see ^aben. getjal'ten, taken ; see fatten. gcfyctm'mi&oIJ, mysterious. ge't)en,f gtng, gegangen, to go, walk; eg get)t ntrf)t, it will not do, it is not possible. ', beg -eg, bie -e, brain. geljol'fett, see fyelfett. ge^olt', see fydert. gc()or'c^eit, ge^orc^te, ge^ord^t, to obey. gefyd'rett, ge^orte, gefjort, to belong. gcfjort', see ^oren and gefyo'ren. bte ei'ge, ber , bte -n, violin, fiddle. bag ei'gettfpiel, beg -eg, violin-play- ing, fiddling, ber dki'ger, beg -g, bte , fiddler, violinist. ber 0*eift, beg -eg, bte -er, spirit, mind. geifi'103, dull, unintellectual. gefonnt', see fortnen. gett), yellow. beg -eg, money. ', learned ; see lefyren. gelitt'geit, gelang, gelungen, eg geltngt ntir, impers. with dat., to succeed. gel'ten, gait, gegolten, eg gilt, to be worth; mean, to be aimed at. ber (&emal)i r , beg -eg, bte -e, husband, consort, spouse. gemuftt', see ntiiffen. gencjttttt', see nennen. gcnau', accurate, exact(ly). ber dkneral', beg -eg, bte -e, general. gene'fen,t genag, genejen; to recover. genieff en, genofc, genofjen, to enjoy. genom'men, see neijmen. gcnng' f enough. gera'fce, straight, direct, exactly, just; gerabe fo, in the same way. germt'mtg, spacious, large, bag ermtfdj', beg -eg, bte -e, noise. gering', small, common, ordinary. eriit'geS, see gering, trifle. gerit'ten, see reiten. getn(e), willingly, gladly, to like to. dkr'trttfc, Gertrude. geru'fen,see rnfen; it)ie gernfen, just in time. gerittjrt', touched, moved ; see riu)ren ber dkfmtg', beg -eg, bie ejange, song, singing. 16 glatt bag efdjaft', beg -eg, bie -e, business. gefdjaf)', .see gefcfyefyen. gefdje'<)eit,t gef^aty, gefdjeljen, eg ge* fcfyiefyt, to happen, occur. bag <&efd)enf', beg -eg, bie -e, present, gift. bie cfd)id)'te, ber , bie -n, story. gefrfn'rfy, skili'ul, clever ; see fcin'cfen, gefd)ieljt', see gefcfyefyen. gefrtjte'nett, see fcfyeinen. bag dkfdjirr', beg -eg, bie -e, dishes, tableware. gefdjlof'fen, see fcfytiefcen. ber efd)macf', beg -eg, taste, good taste. bag efdjmei'be, beg -eg, jewelry. gefdfpf'fen, see fdn'e^en. gefdjrecft', frightened. bag efdjrei', beg -eg, cry(ing), shout- gefrfjrie'fcen, see jdjreifcen. gejrfjrie'en, see fcfyreien* gefctyrit'tett, see fcfyreiten, ber dkfel'ie, beg -n, bie -n, journey- man; companion. fid) gefel'Iett, to associate. bag cfel'ienftiirf, beg -eg, bie -e, jour- neyman's piece of work. bie efell'fdjaft, ber , bie -en, society, company. gefef'fen, .see fi^en* bag G*efii*)t', beg -eg, bie -er, face. bag eftettft', beg -eg, bie -er, ghost, phantom, apparition. geftrmt'gen, see ftmngett. bie eftalt, ber , bie -en, form, shape, figure. Qeftcm'ben, see fte^en. bag eftcin' f beg -eg, bie -e, mass of stone, stones. geft'ern, yesterday ; geftern 2lfcenb, last night. geftolj'Ieit, see ftet)Ien, fterfcett. bag ^cftrii^', beg -eg, bushes, bram bles, underbrush. gcftmb', sound, healthy. , see fingen. n', done ; see tl;un bag efranf(e), beg -eg, bie , drink, beverage. getrmi'en, getraute, getraut, to dare venture. gctrof'fcn, see trefferu gettoft', confident(ly). getrtm'feit, see trinfen, gciibt', skilled ; see iifcen* geluat'tig, powerful, strong, very much, extremely. bag ettmnfo', beg -eg, garb, costume. bag etoetyr', bsg -eg, bie -e, gun. getoe'fen, been ; see fein. gcttim'nen, geiDann, geit>onnen, to win, gain. geiw^', certain (ly), sure(ly). getoofyn'ttdj, usual (ly), ordinary, cus- tomary, common. getoofptt', accustomed, see itjo^nen. getoor'beit, see ttjerben, gettior'fett, see toerfen. geinf|t' f see h)iffen. ber GNe'fcel, beg -g, bie , gable. giefc, -ft, -t, see geben, eg giebt, there is or are. gteff en, go^, gegoffen, to pour. bag tft, beg eg, bie e, poison. ging, -en, see gefyen ; ging anf, see auf* ge^>en ; ging anf nnb ab, see anf- unb a6get)en ; ging fytn, f)inang, unter, see fn'ngefyen, ^inaugge^en, nntergef)en. ber (Ui^'fel, beg -g, bie , top or crown (of a tree). ber tons, beg -eg, light, lustre. glait'5cn, gtanjte, geglanjt, to shine, glisten. bag Ia3, beg lafeg, bie lafer, glass. glatt, gtatter, ber gtattefte, smooth, even, slippery. gfanbcn glmt'ben, glanbte, geglaubt, to believe, think. glcirf), same, (a) like, even, equal (ly) ; immediately, directly, at once. glei'rfjeu, gltcfy, gegu'cfyen, to resemble, be like. gfeidj'gitliig, indifferent. glei'teu,t gu'tt, gegu'tten, to glide, slide, slip. bag liefc, beg -eg, bte -er, limb. bie dHotf'e, ber , bte -en, bell. ber OHorf'eugiefter, beg -8, bte , bell- founder. bag lurf, beg -eg, luck, happiness, fortune. glitctftdj, lucky, fortunate, happy. bag OHurfS'fiub, beg -eg, bte -er, child of fortune. bte hit, ber , bte -en, glow, glare, flame. gna'big, merciful. (Stoe'tye, Goethe. bag , beg -eg, gold. gol'beu, golden. ol'beuer, Goldener. bag olb'lmtb, beg -eg, bte olblanber, gold-land. <&ott>r03'i$eu, Goldenrose. ber olb'fdjmieb, beg -eg, bte -e, gold- smith, jeweler. ber olb'ftmuj, beg -eg, gold-dust. gim'nen, gonnte, gegonnt, to grant. ber dtott, beg -eg, bte otter, God, Lord ; ott fei anf ! Thank God ! ber Otot'teSMettft, beg -eg, bte -e, divine service. gra'ben, grub, gegrafcett, er graBt, to dig. ber ater, grand- father. grim, -e, -ent, -en, -er, -eg, green. ber runt), beg -eg, bte rimbe, ground, valley; reason. bte d$ru|'Jje, ber , bte -n, group. ber rnft, beg -eg, bte rit$e, greeting. griifi'ett, gritfcte, gegrii^t, to greet; (55rii ott! a salutation like ,,u* ten ^ag." bag (But, beg -eg, bte liter, estate ; pi. goods. gut, -e, -em, -en, -er, -eg, beffer, ber befte, good, kind, well; very well. gut'mittig, good-natured, kind. bag ^>aar, beg -eg, bte -e, hair. t, fyatte, gefyabt, have. t, ^aftete, ge^aftet, to be fixed, rest, adhere, ber jgmfm, beg -eg, bte ^di^ne, cock, rooster. ^att, half. ^alf, see ^elfen ; eg ^alf tf>m atteg ntc^tg, it was all of no use. bte $cilf'te, ber , bte -n, half, bie jgml'Ie, ber , bte -n, hall. JjaHen, fyattte, ge^attt, to resound. 18 fyctrauffommcn ber 4>al3, beg alfe8, bie dlfe, neck; $atg iiber $of, headlong, bead over heels. Jjal'ten, fyiett, gcfyalten, er fyatt, to hold, keep, observe. ber &alt, beg -eg, halt, hold, stop, bie Jgmnb, ber , bie dnbe, hand. bie 3?mtb'ti0U, ber , handful, bag anb'toerf, beg -eg, bie -c, trade, profession, ber i>an&'h)erf$lMrfdt)e, beg -it, bie -it, journeymen, traveling tradesman or mechanic. ber Jfmitg, beg -eg, bie >dnge, slope. fcattg'ctt, tying, gefyangcn, er fyangt, to hang, be suspended. tymtg'en, fydngte, gefydngt, to hang (up). $art, fyartcr, ber fydrtcfte, hard, difficult. ba 4>a$'rf>ett, beg -g, bie , little hare, ber $a'fe, keg -n, bie -n, hare, rabbit. fmft'ltdj, ugly. ^aft r see I;aben. bie &aft, ber , haste. ai, see I;aten; fjatte, -n, -t f had, see (;a6en; fyatte an, see an^aben; {;dtte ; would have. ber ^attrfj, bc^ -eg, breath. tyou'en, ^aute, gel;aut, to strike, hew, cut. ber $ais'fe(it), beg -ng, bie -n, heap, pile. J)mt'fig, frequently. , beg -eg, bie ^au^tcr, head. un, beg -g, bie -leute, cap- tain. bie ^aupffiabt, ^cr , bie -ftabtc, capi- tal (city). bag iprtu, beg aufeg, bie aufer, house; 511 <>aufe, at home; nat^ aufe, home, bag ^aud'c^ett, beg -g, bie , little house, ber $mt$'gatta, beg -eg, bie -gdnge, hall, passage, corridor. bie Jpflut, ber , bie dute, hide, skin. Jje'feett, t;ob, ge^oben, to lift, raise. bie 4?ed'e, ber , bie -n, hedge. bie Jpct'bc, ber , bie -n, heath. Jf>ei'iel&erg, Heidelberg, a city on the Neckar, seat of a famous German university. bag 4>ei'benro$lem, keg -g/ heather- rose. bag etl, beg -eg, welfare; $cil! hail! ()ei'{taen, fyeitigte, ge^eiliget, to hallow. l)cim, home. bie ei'nwt, ber , home. I)eim'geijett,t ging ^eim, -gegangen, to go home. 'litf), secret. ljeim'fr>mmen,t fam , -getommen, to come or get home. ^etn'rid), Henry. Ijci'ratcn, fjeiratcte, getyetratet, to marry. , t;ic^, gel;ei^en, to be called ; er ^ei^t, his name is ; command ; order. Ijci'tcr, clear, bright, serene. tycl'fctt, fyalf, gel;clfen, er ^ilft, to help. tyell, bright, clear, loud. bag *|>cmfo, beg -eg, bie -en, shirt, robe. Ijer, along, ago ; fyinter , behind. fferafc'fcremteit, brannte , -gebramtt, to burn down, glare down. tyerafc'fffyauen, fd;aute , gefcfyaut, to look down. l)era& r fd)cmen, jc^iett , gefd;tenen, to shine down. Ijetem', on, near, up. Ijeran'f0mmen,t !am , -gefommert, to approach. I>eran'tretett,t trat , -getreten, to step up. ljeran'hmrf)fett,t tt>uc^g , -getoacfyfen, to grow up. tyeraufgefumtnen, see (;erauffommen. J)crauf'ft>mmen,t fam , gefommen, to come up. 19 tt, gab , -gegefcen, to give (back), return. Ijermi'fam, see fyeranSfommen. Ijerau3'f0mmeit,t fam , -gefommen, to come out. IjetrcmS'Iaffen, u'e$ , -gefaffen, to let out. I>erarf , -gett?orfen, to throw in. it, see ^ereinlaffen. flog , -geftogen, to fly (hither, along, or past). Ijer'gefjett,! gtng , -gegartgen, to walk, go (hither, along, or past). fjet'lja&ett, fyatte , -ge^afet, to get. tyer'f0tnmett,t fam , -gefommen, to come (hither, along, or from). t)cr'laufen f t lief , -gelaufen, to run. bcr ^crr/ be -n, bcm -n, ben -n, bte -en, gentleman, lord, master; Mr.; Sjftetne erren! Gentlemen! ber 4>err'gott, beg -e, Lord God. fyerr'ltd), splendid, bte ^crr'IicJifeit glory, splendor. Ijerr'frfjett, t^errfc^te, ge^errfc^t, to rule, prevail. r, across, over. Hang , geflnngen, to sound across or over. Ijerit'6erf0mmen,t fam , -gefmnmen, to come across. tyerit'fccrtimen, tonte , -getont, to sound across or over. fyerum', around, about. $erttm'gcf)cit, t ging , -gegangen, to walk around or about. ljerwtt'{aitfcn,t Kief , -gelaufen, to run around or about. tyentm'tofjpett, tapple , -geta^^t, to grope around or about. ljeriim'nwten,t toatete , -gettjatet, to wade around. J)entm'ftiir&cl,t ttjtrbette , -getoir* Belt, to whirl around. , down. ^t ftet , -gefatten, to fall down. Jjertm'terfaHt, -ftcl, see ^emnterfatten. tyevim'tevtteljmett, nafjm , -genommen, to take down. Ijerim'terfdjieften, fc^o^ , -gefcfyoffen, to shoot down. l)erwt'terf$jrtttgett,t f^rang , -ge* tyrnngen, to jump down. ^etim'terttictfcn, toarf , -geitjorfen, to throw down. J)ert>0r', forth, out. ^ert0r'f0mmcn,t fam , -gefommen, to come forth or out. ijertw'ragen, ragte , -geragt, to pro- ject, to stand or rise out of. f)ert)0r'trctett,t trat , -getreten, to step forth. $ert>0?'stef)e, $og ,-gesogen, to draw forth, pull out. ba$ ^>ct$, be -enS, bte -en, heart, courage. Ijersaflerticfeft', most beloved. tjcr^'fiirmig, heart-shaped. tyer5'fKift, bold, spirited. ^ers'lit^, hearty, cordial, affectionate. 20 lje*?'en, fyel^te, gefye^t, to run, race, chase. -e, hay. it, ^eulte, gefyeult, to howl. Ijeu'te, to-day. Jjeu'te SM'fcenb, this evening. Jjeu'te SRadjt, to-night. Jjeit'tig, of this day, present. fn'e wtt> fca, now and then. tyielt an, see anfyaltetu f)ter, here. lu'erljer', hither. f)ier tyerum', around here. Jjieft, see f>etf?en. tyilf, see fyelfen. bte $U'fe, ber --, help, ber $im'mel, beg -8, heaven, sky. J)im'meH)0(i), high as heaven. ba3 Jpim'melreirf), beg -e3, the king- dom of heaven, heaven. $imm'ii|d), heavenly. ^inab'ft^rcUett,f fd^rttt , -gef Britten, to walk down. , up. n, fiifyrte , gefii^rt, to lead up. $mmif'gef)ett,t gtng , -gcgangen, to walk up. !jinauf'fmnmen,t fant , gefommen, to come up. IMnauffcfyirfet!, jc^icfte , -gefcfyirft, to send up. ^inauf r ic^reitcn,t fcfyrttt , gefc^ritten, to walk up. tyinauf'fjmttgett, fprang , -gefyrungen, to jump up. ^ittaii^', out. I>timit*'i)Ucfcn, ibticfte , -gebltcft, to look out. ^inauS^e^cn^ gtng , -gegaitgen, to go out. f)inau3'giitg, see ^inau8ge!^en l)tnaud'fomntcn,f fam , -gefommcn, to come out. , -genommcn, to take out. ^htmi^'fc^aiten, jc^autc , -gefc^aut, to look out. !)inau$'fd)retten,t jc^rttt , -gefc^rttten, to walk out. IjmaitS'fetynen, fe^ntc , -gcfe^n^to long to get out of or leave. Ijmatt3'f$mttgett,t tyrcmg , -gefpruu* gen, to jump out. JjiitauS'tragen, trug , -getragen, to carry out. fnnt>ertt, f)tnberte f get)tnbert, to hin- der. f>inburrf)'brmgen,t brang , -gebrungen, to press through. Ijmettt', in, into. ^inem^ringen, brac^te , -gefyra^t, to bring in. l)inem'fiiijren, fii^rte , -gefii^rt, to lead in. !>mem'8el)en,t gtng , -gegangen, to go in. Jjinein'ijorrfiett, l^or^te , -ge^orcfyt, to listen into. l)mem r laufen,t lief , -gelaufen, to run into. Jjittein'fdjmten, jd;aute , -gcfd)aut, to look in. c, see fytnemfdjaiten. to creep o?' steal into. Ijinein'ftofjett, ftte^ , -geftofjen, to push in. JjUtein'tretett f t trat , -getreten, to step into. ()tncm'Umn?d)cn, h)iinfc^te , -gen3iinfd)t, to wish into ; to put into anything by a wish. Ijinein'sulatifett, see fnnemfcmfen. ^in'gcbett, gab , -gegeben, to give, give away, give up. ljin'gcf)cn,t gtng , -gegangen, to go. $tn'fe&ein, Hobbler. 21 fytn'ncfymctt, nafym , -genommen, to accept, take. $in'?al), see fyinfefyen. f)in'frf)mten,t fcfyritt , -gefcfyritten, to walk along. fwt'fetyen, fafy , gefefyen, to look at or towards. tyinf eijen, fe^te , gefe^t, to put or set down ; fid) fyinfe^en, sit down. tmt'fteHen, ftetfte , -geftettt, to put down ; to put or place. In'n'tett, behind. Ijin'ter, prep, with dat. or ace., be- hind, after; adj., rear, ber 4>in'terfuft, beg -eg, bie -fiifce, hind foot. tytnterljet', along behind, ber m'terf0f, beg -eg, bte -fityfe, the back of the head. tyittii'&er, across. Ijmii'&erfdijmiett, jd)aute , -gefcfyant, to look across. J)itw'berfrf>reiten,t fdjritt , -gefcfyritten, to walk across. Itfn Httb ^er, back and forth. Ijimm'ter, down. ^mun'terftcigett^f ftieg , -gefttegen, to go down. ^in'sie^en, gog , -gejogen, to move or pass along. Ijittsu'fdfett, je^te , -geje^t, to add. ber ^Jitfcfj, beg -eg, bte -e, deer, ber ^nr'te, beg -n, bte -n, shepherd, bte 4We, ber , heat. ^>m! hm! ahem! Jjo'ticit, see ^eben ; ^ofc auf, see aitf^e* fcen. ^oc^ f t)o^, -e, -ettt, -en, -er, -eg, ^jof>er, ber fyb'cfyfte, high, lofty. ^>oc^ ! Hurrah ! ber &0cf)'mttt, beg -eg, pride, bag ifjodj'fte, the highest ; fyod) used as noun. bte 4>od)'$eit, ber , bte -en, wedding. ber of, beg -eg, bte ofe f yard, court. bte ^off'nitttg, ber , bte -en, hope. ber ^ofgdrtner, beg -g, bte , court gardener. Wiify, polite. ftof), f)of;er, see ^oc^. bte o'l)e, ber , bte -n, height ; in bie 6'tye, up. ber t s>u r l)currturl), beg -eg, haze. J>o!jl, hollow. ^olb, fair, graceful. tyo'Iett, ^olte, ge^ott, to get, fetch. bag 015, beg -eg, bie $ol$er, wood, forest. ber 0l5'ljawer, beg -g, bie , wood- cutter. ber 0(s'faften, fceS -8, We , wooden box. ber J&o'mg, honey. ^at'rf|c f ijorc^te, ge^orc^t, to listen. Ijii'ren, ^orte, ge^ort, to hear. bag &orn, beg -eg, bie Corner, horn. see anfyo'ren, jn^oren, c, ber , bte -n, trousers. IjitOfd), pretty, handsome. ber ^ii'gcl, beg -g, bie , hill. bag .imb, beg -eg, bie -e, dog. Ijiin'bert, hundred. , beg -g, hunger. hungry. ber $ut, beg -eg, bie iite, hat. ^u'tett, fyiitete f ge^iiteL to watch, guard bie 3>iit'te, ber , bie -en, hut. ', ber , bte -n, idea, notion. ttyn, him, it. ifj'nen, them ; Sfynen, you. tt)r, you, her ; _3$ r / your. 22 , for your sake. im = in bem. tm'mer, always, ever; immer tnefyr, more and more; immer nocf), still; cr tranf immer nod) (mefyr SScin), kept on drinking; immer tiefer, deeper and deeper ; immer (imb tm* mer) ttncber, again and again. immerbar', forevermore. \\ifprep. ivith dat. and ace., in, into, to, at, within. itt'fcrihtfttrj, fervent(ly). ittfoem', subord. conj., while, when, as ; because, since. imttit'lett, prep, with gen., in the midst of. tn'ncrfjatti, prep. with gen., inside of. tn$ = in bag. bie Sftt'fdjrift, ber -, bie -en, inscrip- tion. bag ^ttftfiratent', beg -eg, bie -e, instru- ment. ir'bifrf), earthly. ir'gettfc, any, some, possibly; irgenb ein, any one, some one, somebody. ir'ren, irrtc, geirrt, to mistake, to be mistaken. iftt, see effen. ift r is ; see fein. \a, yes; why (exclamation], you know, of course. ja'aen, jagte, gejagt, to chase, hunt, drive. - ber $a'ger r ^ e ^ -, bie , hunter. ba Si^ f beg -eg, bie -e, year. bie yaf)'re$sal)l, ber , bie -en, date, year. jcim'mcrlid), miserable, miserably. bag jm!)'sen, beg -g, shouting. iaitdj'sen, jviuc^jte, gejaud)5t, to shout for joy. ie, ever, at any time; the; jje iueiter, the further; je . . befto, the . . . the. jefc-e, -em, -en, -er, -eg, each, every, any, every one. je'benfoll^, at all events, in every case, without doubt. je'beraustm, everybody. l, every time, always, ever. je'manb, somebody. jen-t, -cm/ -en, -er, -eg, that, yonder, the former. jen'feitS, prep, with gen., on the other side of. jeijt, now. beg -eg, bie -e, yoke. ', John. ber $u'fcel, beg -g, jubilation, shout- ing, mirth. jtt'fceht, jnbcltc, gejubclt, to rejoice, to . shout for joy. ber ^w^clrwf, beg -eg, bie -rnfe, shout of joy. twig, jimgcr, ber jiingfte, young, ber $ img'e, beg -n, bie -n, boy. bie fnrj'fer, ber , bie -n, old maid, spinster, bie ^img'frmi, (unmarried) lady, maiden. jiingft, see jnng. ber Slaf'fee, beg -g, coffee. fafyl, bald, bare. ber fiaftit, beg -eg, bte $dfme, boat. ber Jlai'fer, beg -g, bie , emperor. bie ^ai'ferin, ber , bie -nen, empress. bie ^at'ferfronc, ber , bie -n, im- perial crown. ber ^ai'fer^foim, beg -eg, bie -fo'tyne, the emperor's son. ber Eai'ferttyww, beg -eg, bie -e, im- perial throne. 23 t>er Jlalf, beg -eg, lime, mortar. fait, falter, ber faftefte, cold. fam, -ft, -en, see fommen. bcr &atmtt, beg -eg, bie $amme, comb. fam'men, fammte, gefammt, to comb. bie Jlam'mer, ber , bie -n, chamber. ber JtamVf, beg -eg, bie ^lampfe, the fight. fann, see fonnen. fatm'te, see fennen. bag ^aJj$j'dE)e, beg -g, bie , little cap. bie Jlaf'te, ber , bie -n, card, map. ber ar'teJtfieler, beg -g, bie , card- player. ber a'fe, beg --g, bie , cheese. fa'fctoeif?, deadly pale, bie Slaf'fe, ber , bie -n, cash, cash account. bie Jfrrtj'e, ber , bie -n, cat. fmi'fett, faufte, gcfanft, to buy. bcr ^mtf'foben, beg -eg, bie -laben or laben, store. fmtm, scarcely, hardly, just. ferf, daring, bold(ly), saucy, bie Jle'gel&aljn, ber , bie -en, bowling alley. fe'tjeht, fegelte, gcfegelt, to bowl. fel)'ten, tefyrte, gc!e()rt, to turn; sweep. fcin, -e, -em, -en, -er, -eg, no, not any, no one. ber flel'Ier, beg -g, bie , cellar. feimen', fannte, gefcmnt, to know, recognize, be acquainted with, ber erl, beg -eg, bie -e, fellow. bag $ittb, beg -eg, bie -er, child, bag JiHtt'&ermige, beg -g, bie -n, child's eye, childlike eye. bie ^ir'dje, ber , bie -n, church. bag &it?'d)eirtitt>, beg -eg, bie -er, church picture, bie 5itr'dicnnmu3, ber , bie -manfe, church-mouse, bie ^fr'djentfwr, ber , bie -en, church door. ber JlirdE)'tag, beg -eg, bie -e, church fair. ber mi)'hivm, beg -eg r bie -tiirme, church steeple. bie JHaf'ter, ber , bie -n, fathom. bag ^la'aeliefc, beg -eg, bie -er, mourn- ful song, dirge. fla'0en, ftagte, ge^agt, to complain, la- ment. flcig'Iidj, piteous, plaintive. ber fUmig, beg -eg, bie flange, sound. {lang f see flingen ; !(ang nad), see naify* ftingen. fla^^crtt, fla^^erte, ge!Ia^)^ert, to rattle, to chatter. flat, clear, bright. flat'fdjen, flatfc^te, geflatf^t, to clap. Imtg, Glaus. bag Slleib, beg -eg, bie -er, dress ; -er, clothes. flci'ben, fleibete, geHcibet, to dress. bie ftid'bmta, ber , dress, clothing. flettt, small, little. bie ^Ici'ntgleit, bcr , bie -en, trifle. fKttjj'ett, ftang, gefltingen, to sound, ring. liojj'fen, flopfte, gefto^ft, to knock, rap, pound. bie mft, ber. , bie tliifte, chasm, abyss. fhig, finger, ber ftiigfte, wise, smart, bright. ber ^im'fce, beg -n, bie -n, boy. fitcitf'cn, fnacfte, gefnacft, to crack. fwei'fctt, fniff, gefniffcn, to pinch. bag Shite', beg -g, bie -e, knee. ber t\o'd)el, beg, -g, bie , knuckle, ankle. f, beg -g, bie $nityfe, button, gnarled, knotty. e, bud. ber 5t nitp^cl, beg -g, bie , club. furf/cn, focfyte, gefod)t, to cook, boil. bie St'o'f oftoitf?, ber , bie -niiffe, cocoa- nut. fummcu 24 la* f0m'mett,t fam, gefommen, er fommt, to come, get, happen, come about. fomm, -e, -ft, -t, see fontmen. bcr ^o'nig, beg -g, bte -e, king. bic fio'mnin, ber , bte -ncn, queen. bag Slo'tttgmdj, beg -eg, bte -e, king- dom. bte ^o'ntgStodjter, ber , bte -todjter, king's daughter, princess. ftm'nett, fonnte, gefonnt, id? farm, etc., can, be able. fimn'te, might, would or should be able ; see fomten. ber oW, beg -eg, bte $o>fe, head. ber &0f'ar&eit, headwork, brain- work. foJjf'frfliitteUtb, shaking his head. bag ^ojjf'hidj, beg -eg, bte -tiicfyer, head- dress, kerchief. bte oft, ber , board, fare, food. foft'tmr, precious, costly. foft'ett, foftete, gefoftet, to cost; to taste. bte ^raft, bte $rafte, power, strength. fraf'tig, strong, powerful. ber ftWgen, beg g, bie , collar. frdl)'ett, fratyte, gefrd^t, to crow. franf, sick, ill. ber Jlrans, beg -eg, bte ^rcmse, garland, wreath. fraij'en, fra^te, gefra^t, to scratch. bte ^rci'bc, ber , chalk. freii'$en, frettjte, gefreit^t, to cross. ftie'cf)cn,t frocfy, gefrot^en, to creep, crawl. ber &rteg, beg -eg, bte -e, war. ber ^riej^'famerab, beg -en, bte -en, war-comrade. frorf), see frtedjen. bte J^ro'nc, ber , bte -n, crown. ber $rug, beg -eg, bte $ritge, jug, jar. htyftal'Ien, crystal. bte &u'gc(, ber , bie -n, bullet. ber , bte ^ii^e, cow. fiifjl, cool. ber Sht'hif, beg -g, bte -e, cuckoo, efr jitm $ufitf ! a common imprecation, like English " Go to grass! " fiim'mern, fiimmerte, gefummert, con- cern ; ficfy f imtmern, care. bte ^un'be, ber , news. bte Jhmft, ber , bte ^iinfte, art. ber Slimft'Ier, beg -g, bte , artist. fiir5er, ber fiirgefte, short, shortly. ', close-mown. fiif'fen, fii^te, getit^t, to kiss. Iad)'dtt, lac^elte, gela^ett, to smile; Iddjelttb, smiling. la'rfjen, Iad)te, geladjt, to laugh ; to speak laughingly ; ladjenb, laughing. la'ben, tub, gelaben, er Uibt, to load; also, sometimes, weak. ber Sa'fcett, beg -g, bte aben or , shop, store. ber Sa'benbtetter, beg -g, bte , clerk, salesman. lag, see Uegen. bag Samm, beg -eg, bte hammer, lamb. bte Scmt'Jje, ber , bte -n, lamp. bag Sanb, beg -eg, bte anber (Sanbc), land, country. bte gmtb'farte, ber , bte -n, map. bte Smtb'ftrafte, ber , bte -n, road. long, Kingcr, ber Idngfte, long. icmg'e, long, for a long time; lange (>er, long ago; brei age lang, for three days. ' Imt'gen, to reach ; to long. tong'fam, slow(ly). longttieUtg, tiresome. bte San'je, ber , bte -n, lance. ber Sawn, beg -eg, noise. laVmen, larmte, gelarmt, to make a noise, be noisy; Idrntenb, noisy. faS, see lefen. taffett 25 UeS laffen, ltefj, gelaffen, er lafct, to let, leave, allow ; cause (to do), to have (a thing done). bte Saft, load. latei'iiifdj, Latin. bag Smrf), beg -g, leaves, foliage. lmi'feit,t lief, gelanfen, er lanft, to run. Ititift tyerum', see fyerumlanfen. bte Sau'ite, ber , bte -en, temper, humor, mood. laufdj'ett, lanjdjte, gelaufcfyt, to listen. bag Saufdj'en, beg -g, listening. Imtf, loud, aloud. ber Smrt, beg -eg, bte -e, sound. lau'ten, Icmtete, gelantet, to ring. bag Sau'ten, beg -g, ringing. lau'ter, see lant. lau'ter, pure, real, mere; nothing but. Imst'tod, silent, mute. le'feen, lefcte, gelefct, to live, dwell. bag Se'feen, beg -g, life, living. le'fcenlaitg, lifelong. bag Sefcefoofcl', beg -g, farewell. Icfctc, see le&en. bte Scc'tion, ber , bte -en, lesson. bag Se'ber, beg -g, leather. ber Se'berflirfett, beg -g, bte , leather- patch. bte 8e'bermoj>e, ber , bte -n, leather portfolio. leer, empty. iee'ren, leerte, geleert, to empty. le'cjctt, tegte, gelegt, to lay. leg'te nie'ber, see nieberlegen. lelj'tten, te^nte, gelefynt, to lean. ber Sef>n'ftitl)l, beg -eg, bte -ftii^te, arm- chair. bte Sefj're, ber , bie -n, apprentice- ship, instruction. lelj'ren, leerte, gete^rt, to teach. ber Sefj'rer, beg -g, bte , teacher. ber Setjr'litta, beg -g, bte -e, apprentice. ber 8eifc, beg -g, body. ber Sei'djetiswg, teS -eg, bte -jiige, fu- neral procession. leidjt, light, easy; fickle; letcfyt ^m, lightly. letfc t^tm, to grieve ; eg ttynt nttr letb, it grieves me, I am sorry for it. lei'bett, Ktt, gelttten, to suffer, endure, permit. lei'ber, unfortunately. leib'fcmH, woful, sad. lei'fe, soft(ly), low, whispered, gentle. leifyett, u'efy, geltef)en, to lend. len'fen, tenfte, gelenft, to guide; ott lenftg, God disposes, bte Ser'dje, ber , bte -n, lark. ler'tten, lernte, gelernt, to learn. bag Se'fefcttd), -beg -eg, bte -fritter, reader, reading book. le'fett, lag, gelefen, er Iteft, to read, bag Se'fen, beg -g, the reading, to read. !e#, last ; ber ete, the last ; le^'tere, latter. Ieitd)'tett, leuc^tete, geleut^tet, to shine; leitcfytenb, shining, bright, bte Seu'te, ber , used only in the pi., people. lidjt, bright, light. bag Sic^t, beg -eg, bte -er, light. ber Si^t'fdjein, beg -eg, light, blaze of light. bte gtdj'hmg, ber , bte -en, clearing. liefc, dear; agreeable; lieb ^afcen, to like, love. bte Ste'fee, ber , love. Ite'fcen, Uebte, geltebt, to love, bte Ste'feett, dear ones, see Ue&, , rather. lovely, delightful, bag Stefc, beg -eg, bte -er, song. lief ttarf), see nadjlanfen. lie'gett, lag, gelegen, to lie, recline ; to fill, occupy ; bag Itegt in nnferer ^atntu'e, that runs in our family. lied, 2dper. imperative of lefen. 26 mcift Iteft, see laffen ; Kef? log, see linf, left; bie gmfe, left (haiid). lint$ f left, to or on the left. bag Sin'nen, beg -g, linen. bie Styj'Jjc, bcr , bie -en, lip. lo'ben, lofcte, gelofct, to praise. lob'te, -n, ~t f see toben. bag Sod), be^ -e3, bie odj)er, hole. bie gorf'c, ber , bie -n, curl, lock of hair. ber gjjf'fcl, beg -g, bie , spoon. bcr 2ofm, beg -eg, bie ofyne, pay, sal- ary, reward. I0f)'nen, lofynte, gelofmt, to reward. So'relei, Lorelei. liifdj'en, lofd), gelofd)en, to put out. I03'gel)en,t ging leg, toggegangen, to loosen, to become loose; to go off or toward ; to start, begin. 103'foffest, Kef? tog, ioggclaffen, to let loose, release. I03'rennen,t rannte log, loggcrannt, to run or rush at. foS'ftiirsen, ftiir$te log, loggeftiirjt, to rush at. bcr So'Uie, beg -n, bie -n, lion. Info eilt, see cintabcn. bie 8uft, bcr , bie iifte, air. liif'ten, liiftete, gctiiftet, to air. bie Sii'ge, the lie, falsehood. lii'gett, tog, gelogen, to tell a lie. bie Suft, ber , bie Ciifte, inclination, desire. merry. um'cfjett, mac^te, gemac:f>t f to make, modj'ttg, mighty, powerful; in pos- session of, controlling. bag 2ttab'rf>en, beg -g, bie , girl. mag, care for, like; let; see mb'gett. bie Sftagb, ber , bie 2ftagbe, maid- servant. ber Sfta'gett, beg -g, bie , stomach. t, ntaljte, gemafyt, to mow. bie SWa^Pjett, ber , bie -en, meal, bie Wlatyne, ber , bie -n, mane. ber 2ftai, (the month of) May. bie 2ftaib, maid, bag 9WaJ f beg -eg, bie -e, time. ma'Ieit, matte, gemalt, to paint, ber 8fta'(er, beg -g, bie , painter. man, they, one, people. mono), many, many a, much; ntan* c^eg, a great deal, a lot of things. manoymol, sometimes, often, fre- quently. mait'g.elcn, mangelte, gemangelt, impers. with dat., to want, bie aJianiec', ber , bie -en, manner, ber attaim, beg -eg, bie Banner, man, husband. bag S^ann'd^cn, beg -g, bie , little man. man'wit^, see ntanrf). bag aftmm'fcm, beg -g, bie , little man. ber man'tel, beg -g, bie 3ftantel, cloak, robe. bie afta'e, ber , bie -n, portfolio. - bag 2ftaVa)ett, beg -g, bie , fairy tale. SWari'a, Mary, bie 9ftarf, ber 9)Jarf, mark, a coin worth about 25 cents. ber SWarmor', beg -g, marble. bag SWaul, beg -eg, bie 3ftauler, mouth (of animals) . bag SWccr, beg -eg, bie -e, ocean. mefjr, more, any more. mety'rer, some, several. mei'fcen, mieb, gemteben, to shun, avoid, keep away from, bie 2ttei'Ie, ber , bie -it, mile, mem, my, mine. mei'nen, meinte, gemeint, mean; say; think. mei'nijj, my, mine, mcift, most. meiftettS mci'ftenS, most, mostly, generally. ber 9)iei'fter, beg -g, bie , master. bie 3ttei'fter$t0rf)te*, ber , bte -totter, master's daughter. bag 9ttei'fterftitcf, beg -eg, bie -e, mas- terpiece. tnel'fett, molf, gemolfcn, to milk. bie 9>M0fcei',/o?* 3)Mobie. bie 9JM0t>ie', ber , bie -it, melody. bie Sften'ge, ber, multitude, quan- tity, great number. bcr Sttcnfrf), beg -en, bie -en, man, human being; fellow. ber 3ften'frf>ettfreffer, beg -g, bie , cannibal. menfdj'lidj, human ; humane. mer'fen, meiite, gemerft, to notice, ob- serve. ntcrftmivbig, remarkable. bie 2ttef'fe, bcr , bie -n, mass. mef'fen, mafi, gemeffen, er mifjt, to measure. bag 3Reffer, beg -g, bie , knife. mirt), me. bie miltf), ber , milk. tttilb, mild. tnin'bcr, less ; im tnmbeften, in the least. ber attittift'er, beg -g, bie , minister (of a king). bie SRtmt'te, ber , bie -n, minute. mir, (to or for) me, mir aittf) rerf)t! all right ! mtfi'gimftig, envious, jealous. mit, prep, with dat., with; adv., along (with). mit'bringett, bradjjte tnit, tnitgebrad^t, to bring (along). mitetnan'ber, together, jointly. mit'wbcn, gab mit, mitgegefcen, to give (to take along). mit'gebra^t, see mttBringen. ntit'gc^cn,t ging ntit, mitgegangen, to go or come along (with). mtt'geritten, see mttreiteiu ber amtgefefle, beg -n, bie -n, fellow- workman. mtt'f0ntmeti,t fam mit, mitgefommen, to come or get along. mtt'lmtfett,t lief mit, mitgelaitfen, to run along. mit'leit$t>ol(, full of compassion, com- passionate. intt'ncfymcit, tta^nt mit, mitgenommen, to take along. mit'rcitett,t ritt mit, mitgeritten, to ride along. mit'fjrielen, f^iclte mit, mitgetyielt, to play along (with) . ber 2fttt'iag, beg -g, bie -e, noon. bag 3Rit'togdcffctt, beg -g, dinner. bcr SWU'tagf(^iaf, beg -eg, noonday- nap. bie SJitt'togSseit, ber , bie -en, noon- time. bie Wlit'te, ber , middle, midst. mit'teilett, teitte mil, mitgeteilt, com- municate. mit'tcn, in the middle or midst of. bie Stttt'tentodjt, bcr , bie fitter* ttacf)te, midnight. t, see mitgeSen. c, see mogen ; moc^te, should or would like, subj. of mogen. mij'gcn, moc^te, gemoc^t; id) mag, etc., may, wish, want; like, care, for; be allowed. mog'itdE), possible. ber iVtofjr, beg -en, bte -en, negro. bcr 2^0'ttat, beg -g, bie -e, month. bcr SWhmb, fceg -eg, bie -e, moon. ber ajhmb'idfjeitt, beg -eg, moonshine, moonlight. ber attiw'&rmtfc, beg -eg, bie 2ftoor* branbe, moor-, fen-, or bog-tire. bag 3H003, beg 9ttoofeg, bie a)?oofe, moss. moo'ftg, mossy. ber 9>J0rcift', beg -pg, bte ^orafte, mud, s"wamp. 28 uaJjm ber 3W0r'gen, beg -g, bie , morning ; am 2ftorgen, in the morning. m0r'gen, to-morrow ; tnorgen fritfy, to- morrow morning. m0r'genfd)im, fair with youth or with the freshness of morning. bie 9t0r'geitf0tme, bcr , morning sun. mil 'be, tired, weary. bie aRtt'Qe, ber , bie -n, pains, trou- ble. bie Wltifyle, ber , bie -n, mill. bag 9ftiif)i'rai>, beg -eg, bie TO&lr8ber, mill-wheel. ber aftityl'ficttt, millstone. ber Sfttmb, fceg -eg, bie -e, mouth. tmm'ter, lively, cheerful, merry; mer- rily. tmrc'meht, ntnrmette, genturmelt, mur- mur, mutter. bie SWufiF, ber , music. ber SJhififant', beg -en, bie -en, musi- cian. "2Hfj," must. tmif'fen, mufcte, gemu$t, id) mn, ec., must, be obliged, be compelled, have to, cannot help. iraift, -t, -te, see tniiffen. fcer Sftiit, besJ -eg, spirit, courage; 511 fcin, to feel. r, ber , bie gutter, mother. twdj, prep, with dat., after; accord- ing to; to, towards; nadj cmfe, home ; nadE) oben, up. ber Wtsfy'fMttt beg -g, bie -n, neighbor. bag SUac^'aarbDrf, beg -eg, bie jftad&fcar* borfer, neighboring village. bie SUac^'barfd^ttft, ber , bie -en, neigh* borhood. tmety'&rinaett, brac^te nac^, naca,efcrad)t, to bring (after). nar^bcm', subord. conj., after that, after, when, as, according as. nadj'bettfen, bad)te nac^, nad;gebac^t, to meditate, reflect. ttflrf)'benWidj, thoughtful. ber 9ta't^en, beg -g, bie -en, boat. tuiffj'f0lgeit,t folgte na^, nac^gefolgt, to follow after, succeed. ber 9tadE)'f0lger, beg -g, bie , suc- cessor. ', afterwards. ngen, flano. nac^, nac^geflnngen, to resound, echo, reecho. iwrl)>f0mmen,t fam nac^ f nac^ge!ommen, to follow, come after. ttarf)'lafe,t Itef nad), nadjgelanfen, to run after. imrfj'nmrfK'H, ntadjte nad^, na^tgemad^t, to imitate, copy. ber 9Jadj'mtttag, beg -eg, bie -e, after- noon. narf)'mtttag, adv., in the afternoon. ntHty'Jjfctien, ^fiff nad), nacfygepfiffen, to whistle after, imitate by whistling. nadj'ritfett, rtef nac^, nadjgernfen, to call after. nnr^'fe^cn, fafy nac, nac^gefe^en, to look (after). nadjfi, next, nearest. bie %ltofyt, ber , bie Sfta^te, night. bie 9iac^'tiga0, ber , bie -en, nightin- gale. bag 9*ad)t'(ager, beg -g, bie , night's lodging. ' itarf)t$, at night. nadj'swbeitfen, see nat^benfen* ber SRaef'en, beg -g, bie , neck. bie Stta'bel, ber , bie -n, needle. na'fje, nafyer, ber nac^fte, near. bie 9Ja'Jjc f ber , nearness, vicinity; in ber Sftafye, near. na'ljett, na^te, gena^t, to sew. im'fjer, nearer, see na^e. nafwt, see ne^men ; ab, t>or, see abnel;men, 5?orne^men ; n^me, past subj. o/ne^men, would take. 29 bte 9JaJ)'tmi>el, ber , bte -n, needle. ber 9ta'me, beg -ng, bte -tt, name. ttmu'iid), the same, namely; for. ncmn'te, see ttemteit. ttar'fifdj, foolish. bic SRa'fe, ber , bte -n, nose. naft, naffer, ber naffcfte, wet, damp. iwtitr'Iid), natural (ly), of course. ber 9Je'fceI, beg -g, bte , mist, fog* ne'fcen, prep, with dat. and ace., by, close by, beside, next to. tte'&eneittanber, side by side. b'er 9ierf, Nix, a water sprite. ber 9Jerf'ar, the Neckar, a river flow- ing into the Rhine near Heidel- berg. ttetf'en, ttecfte, genecft, to tease, banter. ttefj'meit, nafmt, genommen, er m'mmt, to take. item, no. nen'nen, ttamtte, gertarmt, to name, call. bag SReft, beg -eg, bte -er, nest. nett, neat, nice, pretty, clean. bag 9tca ^eiteS, some- thing new. neu'giertcj, curious, inquisitive. mum, nine. nidjt, not; etnmat, not even; n?at;r? is it not? bte 3Jtd)'te, ber ; bte -n, niece, nothing, nirfte, gentctt, to nod. ntc, never. nie'ber, down. nic^cr^iegett, bog nteber, nteberge6ogen, to bend down. nie'ber&remten, brannte nteber, nteber* gebrannt, to burn down. nie'bevfaaen,t fid nieber, mebergefatten, to fall down. nie'berfyemgen, fjtng nteber, nteberge* ^angen, to hang down. legte nteber, ntebergelegt, to lay or put down-, nie'bcrnciflen, netgte nteber, nieberge* netgt to stoop down. ttte'foerfctymtett, ftf)aitte nteber, nteberge^ fd>aitt, to look down. ttie'berfdjen, fat; nieber, ntebergefcljert, to look down. ttie'&erfinfett,t fanf nteber, ntebergefum fen, fo sink down. nie'berftitrjettft ftiirte nteber, nteberge* ftiir^t, to dash, rush, or tumble down- nieb'rig, low. me'nwlS, never. nie'manb, nobody, no one. ttie'fett, ntefte, gertieft, to sneeze, itimm, see ne^men. nimmetmeljt', never. ttir'gettb^ nowhere. nit, for nicfyt. tu>r^, still, yet, again, also, more, longer, ever; fteber . . . no$, nei- ther . . . nor; noc^ etn, one more, another; nod) einmal, once more; nod) Kange ni(^t, far from (being) . ber Wot'ben, be^ -$, north, ber ^orbuft'en, beg -8, north-east. t>er Wotb'pol, beg -3, north pole, bte Mot, ber , bte Sfto'te, distress, trouble, need. ii'tfcj, necessary, bte 9J0t>d'(e, ber , bte -n, novel. turn, now, well, really ; mm gut, very well. tun?, only, just, but, merely, possibly, scarcely, solely ; toaS nur, whatever bic 9ln%, ber , bte Mifce, nut. whj'ltrt), useful. tttUj'foS, useless, bte 9{t)in'pl)c, ber , -n, nymph. O. O! oh! 06, subord. conj., if, whether. 30 puncn o'fcen, u , above, upstairs; nadj , upwar ; fcmt big imtett, from top to bottom, from head to foot. o'l'cr, upper. o&gletdj', subord, cony., although. 0uirf)mt', subord. conj., although. bcr C&ft'fcmim, beg -eg, bie )fcftbanme, fruit-tree. ofctuo!)!', subord. cow/., although. fccr C$3, beg Ccfyfen, bie CvfyfenJ ox. o'Ser, or. ba Cel, beg -g, oil. ber C'fen, beg -8, bie )fen, stove. of felt, open. of'fen&ar, open(ly), evident, manifest. bcr Cffisiet', beg -g, bie -e, officer. ijff'ncit, offnete, geoffnet, to open. oft, often. 9fyne,prep. with ace., without. ba3 Cljr, beg -eg, bie -en, ear. bie Otyr'fetge, ber , bie -n, box on the ear. bag C'$nimt, beg -g, opium. or'bentltc^, orderly, proper, respect- able. bev Ort, beg -eg, bie -c or >rter, place, spot; village. ber O'ftett, beg -g, east. bag ^5aat, beg -eg, bie -e, pair, couple. Jwar, few ; ein aar mat, a few times. Jmrf'en, ^adEte, geparft, to pack, seize. ^jarf 'te 5itfam'men f see sufamnten^acfcn. ber 9$alaft', beg -eg, bie ^Jalafte, pal- ace. bie $pal'me f ber , bie -en, palm (tree). ber ^ofmgei', beg -eg, bie -e or beg -en, bie -en, parrot. ', beg -eg, bie -e, paper. , beg -eg, bie ^o>fte, pope. ', Paris. liaf'fcn, a$te, ge^a^t, suit, fit; be proper. ber spaftor', beg -g, bie -en, pastor, parson. bie ^mt'fe, ber , bie -en, pause. bag ^ed), beg -eg, pitch, shoemaker's wax. bie ^eiit, pain. bie ^erfon', ber , bie -en, person. Wter, Peter. ber 9*fob, beg -eg, bie -e, path, foot- path. ber 9Jfar'rer, beg -g, bie , pastor, parson, priest. bie spfei'fe, ber , bie -en, pipe. Jjfei'feit, pfiff, ge^fiffcn, to whistle. bag ^3feri> f beg -eg, bie -e, horse. bag $fcrb'$en, beg -g, bie , little horse, pony. Jjfiff nad), see nadj^feifen. ^flan^en, pffanste, gc^ftanst, plant, graft. ^fliicf'en, ^ffiirfte, ge^fliicft, to pick, gather. ber tyfliiQ, beg -eg, bie ^ftiige, plow. ber ^tjtiofo^t)', beg -en, bie -en, phi- losopher. bie ^il'fe, bcr , bie -n, pill. beg -eg, bie ^lai^e, place. t, ^(auberte, ge^Ianbert, to talk, chat, murmur. bag 9Mau'ber, beg -g, talking, chat- ter, murmuring. Jrfofc'Ud), sudden (ly). ^racfi'ttg, splendid. ber 9$rei3, beg ^Jreifeg, bie ^reife, prize, price. ber 9$rtnj, beg -en, bie -en, prince. bie ^mtsef'fttt, ber , bie -nen, prin- cess. ber sprofef'for, beg -g, bie ^rofeffo'ren, professor. , psalm. fmnft, adv., just, exactly, of time. , ^u^te, ge^n^t, to clean, polish qucllcn 31 cu quel'Iett, quoit, geqnoflen, eg quittt, to gushj spring. ramt'fe, -n, see rennen. rafd), quick (ly), swift(ly). rafd)'e(tt, rafcfyelte, gerajcfyett, to rustle. rafte'ren, rafierte, rafierr, to shave. bag 9fafiev'meffe, beg -g, bie , razor. ber Sftat, beg -eg, bie State, advice, couucil. va'tcn, viet, geraten, er rat, with dat. t to advise. trtt'l0, helpless, perplexed. bag SHtit'fel, beg -8, bie , riddle, mys- tery. ber SRmi'fcer, beg -3, bie , robber. bcr Waurf), beg -eg, smoke. rmt'fijcit, rancfyte, gerancfyt, to smoke. taudj'gefdjhwrst, blackened by smoke. rmtl), rough, harsh, coarse. ber OJmwt, beg -eg, bie Sftanme, place, space, room. bie SRou'Jje, ber , bie -en, caterpillar. bag SKedjt, beg -eg, bie -e, right. vctf)t, right, just; quite, real(ly), very; bie $icd)te, right hand, right side; Sftecfyteg, right, excellent; rcdjtg, to or on the right. re'bcn, rebete, gerebet, to speak, talk. bie 3tegel, ber , bie -n, rule. ber 9ie'gcn f beg -g, rain. rctj'nen, regnete, geregnet, to rain. t'gtnt83I03, motionless. rci'licn, rieb, gerieben, to rub. rctc^, rich, wealthy. bag Weid), beg -eg, bie -e, kingdom, realm. ber SRei'dje, acT;. wse(i as noun, rich man. rei'rfjett, reic^te, gereicfyt, reach, give, hand, extend. teirf)'Hrfj, abundant(ly) . etg, beg -eg, bte -*, twig of a rosebush. ro'fig, rosy. bag 'Jtite'letn, beg -g, bte , little rose. rot, red ; fcacf tg, red-cheeked ; * fopftg, red-headed, ber v JJurf, beg -eg, bte -e, jerk, ber SRiuf'cn, beg -g, bte , back. riirf'en, riirfte, geriirft, to move, push, pull. riitf'ttngS, backward, ber SWiirf'toeg, beg -eg, bte -e, way home, return. ru'fen, rtef, gerufen, to call. bag IRu'feit, beg -g, inf. as noun, call- ing. bte 9ta'f)e, ber , rest, calm, repose. ru'fjen, rufyte, gerufyt, to rest. ru'tyig, quiet, calm, peaceful, ber dhrtjnt, beg -eg, fame. riifj'ren, riifyrte, geriityrt, to stir, move, touch. rwtfo, round, fleshy, corpulent. rii'ftig, robust, strong. Otui2'lani>, Russia. ber 3aal, beg -eg, bte (Sale, hall. bte a'rf>e, ber , bte , thing, matter, affair. ber Sact beg -eg, bte @acfe, sack. bte Sa'ge, ber , bte -n, saying, tradi- tion, legend. fa'gett, fagte, gefagt, to say, tell. fag'te, -t, -n, see fagen. \3fy, see fe^en ; fafy an, aug, see anfet)en, aitgfefyen. bte Sai'te, ber , bte -n, string, stringed . instrument. ber Safriftan', beg -g, bie -e,. sexton. fal'fcen, falfcte, gefalfct, to anoint. bag Salj, beg -eg, bte -e, salt. iam'meltt, jammette, gefammett, to gather, collect. ber 3awmt, beg -eg, velvet; bet @amnttrocf, beg -eg, bte @ammtro'cfe, velvet coat. ber 8am'tag, beg -eg, bte -e, Satur- day. ber Smtb, beg -eg, sand ; fanbtg, sandy. fang, see fingen. ber Sarg, beg -eg, bte 6arge, coffin. fa& see ft^en. ber 8a^, beg -eg, bte <3ae, sentence. fau'fcer, neat, clean. fau r er, sour, hard. fmi'men, fdittnte, gefaumt, to tarry, stay. ber rf)a'fce(tt), beg -ng, bte @d)aben, damage, harm, loss. fdjaf'fen, fc^uf, gejd^affen, to do, create. ftfjal'lett, fc^ott, gefc^otlen, or fcfyaflte, gefc^attt, sound, resound, echo; jcfyaflenb, resounding, loud. fief) fdja'meit, fd;amte fic^, gefc^amt, to be ashamed. ^^ isgraceful (ly). arfer, ber fc^arffte, sharp. ber <3d)at'tett, beg -g, bte , shadow, shade. ber 3ffj(rt, beg -eg, bte (Sc^a^e, treasure ; sweetheart. fd^au'en, fcfjaute, gefcfyaitt, to look. frf>au'tc, see flatten ; fc^aute t^tnaug, 511, see fjtnaugfcfyauen, ^ufd^aiten. bte 3(^ci r bc f ber , bte -n, pane. fdjei'ben, fcfyieb, gejc^ieben, to part, sep- arate, depart. ber 3rf)cm, beg -eg, bte -e, shine, light, brightness. ftfjei'nett, fc^ten, gefcfyienen, to shine, seem. ber 3d)ei'tel, beg -g, bte , parting (of the hair). fdjel'ten, fcfyalt, gefc^olten, er fc^iKt, to scold, find fault with. bag Srfjelt'toort, beg -eg, bte -e, scold- ing. 33 bie Srfjen'fe, bcr , bie -n, inn, tavern. fdjen'fen, fcfyenfte, gefc^enft, to present, give-, ber Sdjer'&etrtel, beg -g, bte , barber's bag. bie Sdje're, ber , bte -n, scissors. fdje'reit, fdjor, gefcfyoren, to shave, cut. fdjett, shy, anxious, timid. frfjirf'en, fcfytdte, gefcfytrft, to send; re- flex., to be proper. fdjie'fcen, fdjofc, gefdjofcen, to shove, push. fd)ictt, see fdjeinen ; fc^ten ^erafc, see fyerafcfdjeinen. fdjiefe'en, fcfyo$, gefd)offen, to shoot, bag eifctt frfjttee'ig, snowy. fdjnee'toei^, snow-white. fdptei'Dcn, fd)nitt, gefo)nitten, to cut, carve. ber Srfjnei'ber, beg -g, bte , tailor. frfmei'bem, fdjneiberte, gcfd}neibert, to do tailor-work, bte djnei'fcerfht&c, ber , bte -it, tailor's room. fctynei'ett, jd)neite, gefd)neit, eg fd)nett, impers., it is snowing, frfjnell, quick, swift, rapid. bag Scfjiti^'toet^ beg -eg, bte -e, wood- carving, bte 3dinur, ber , bte @d)niire, string, cord. fdjofc, -see fd)iefcen. fdjoit, already, ever; really, soon; fdjon gut! very well! fd;on eimttal, once before. fdjiin, beautiful, nice, fine; ettoag @d)oneg, something nice; @d)onen 2>anf! many thanks! fdjimft, see fd^on. ber Si^o|>f'l3ffcl, beg -g, bie , ladle. fdjor, see fdjercn. ber d)otn'ftem, beg -g, bie -e, chimney. frfio^, see fd)ieen. ber 2if)of>% beg -eg, bte rift f ber , bte -en, writing. fdjrift'ttdj, written, in writing. ber SeJjrttt, beg -eg, bie -e, step, stride. fdjritt, see fdjreiten; jd)rttt (;inaug, see tjtnaitgfd)retten, fd^ud)'tcrtt, timid, shy, bashful, ber 3rfiuf), beg -eg, bte -e, shoe. bag Srfiity'fem, beg -g, bte , little shoe. bie Sdjulb, ber , bte -en, debt, fault, guilt, blame. fdjtil'bti}, indebted, owing; guilty; fdjufbtg fetn, to owe. ber 2d)itl'&ifler, beg -g, bie , debtor. bte Sdjit'le, ber , bte -n, school. ber @dt)ii'fer, beg -g, bie , pupil, stu- dent. bag Sdjul'ljaitS, beg ^aiifcg, bie arme, swarm, crowd. f^toarj, fdjtoarser, ber fdjnjar^efte, black, dark ; fdjtoars&raim, dark-brown ; fd)h?ar5feiben, of black silk. fcf)toe1>cn, fd)\x>cbte, gefd)ft>ebt, to hover, soar. fr^toci'fcn, jd)toeifte, gejd)rt>eift, to stray. 35 fcfyftneg, gefdjftriegett, to be silent ; fdjtoetgenb, silent, bag 3d)U>em, beg -eg, bie -e, hog, pig- bag ^rfjtoet'ttefletfdj, beg -eg, pork, ber Sd)h)ei'neinge, beg -n, bie -it, swine-herd, ber SdEjtuei'neftrtH, beg -eg, bie 0djft>eine* pile, pig-sty. fdjhJel'Ien, jcfytooa, gefdjtootten, eg fcfytoiftt, to swell. frfltoen'fett, fd)ft>enfte, gefcfytoenft, to swing, wave. fdjtoer, heavy, difficult, bag Sdjfeiert, beg -eg, bie -cr, sword, bte Sdjtoeft'er, ber , bie -n, sister. fctjtoieg, see fcfytoeigen* frf)Uiim'men, fdjtoamm, ge[cfyn?0mmen, to swim. fctyhrin'gejt, fd)toang, gefd)touttgen, to swing. tt, fcfytoor, gefd)n?oren, to swear. %, six. bie See'Ie, ber , bie -n, soul. feeleitS'frol), heartily glad, extremely happy. fe'geln, fegelte, gefegelt, to sail. fe'fjen, jafy, gefet;en, er fie^t, to see. f e&n, /or fe^en. fe^'nen, fel^nie, gefel^nt, also reflex., to long for. fefnt'lidj, longing, anxious. fefjr, very, quite, much. fci, jetb, be, do be ; see fein. bie Sci^e, ber , silk. feten, be, do be ; see Jem. bte @ei'fe, ber , soap. fci, -e, -em, -eu, -er, -eg, his, its, her ; see 94. fetn, tuar, getoefen, er ift, to be. fei'nen, feinig, his, its, her. \t\t,prep. with dat., since, for. fctt or feitbcm', subord. conj., since; feitbem, adv., since then. bie Sei'te, ber , bie -n, page; side; auf bie (Seitc, aside, bie Sehm'be, ber , bie -n, second. felfc, same. fel'fcer, j myself, yourself, himself, felfcft, i herself, itself. felfcft, even. fel'ten, seldom, rare. felt'fam, rare, strange, odd. fen'fceit, fanbte, gefanbt, to send. fen'fen, fenfte, gefentt, sink, let down, lower. fe^'en, fe^te, gefe^t, to set, place, put ; ficfy fe^en, to sit down. fdj'te fjittjit', see tyinjitfelgen. feufsett, feufete, gefeufst, to sigh, groan. fcuf'5tc awf, see aitffeufsetu fid), reflexive, self. fid)'er, safe(ly), sure(ly). bie ^idtf, ber , sight. fie, she, they. te, you. fie'^ett, seven, ber @te6enmei^cttfttefel, beg -g, bie , seven-league-boot. fie^ent, seventh. fieb'je^tt, seventeen. fte'gen, fiegte, gefiegt, to conquer, fie^, -ft, -t ; see fefyeru bag ^il'fcer, beg -g, silver. ftl'&erit, silver, of silver. fil^etretit, pure as silver, silvery. im'fmt, Samson. finb, are ; see fein. ftitg'en, fang, gefungen, to sing. bag ^tttg'Ctt, beg -g, singing. fin'fett, fan!, gefunfen, to sink, droop, ber Gimt, beg -eg, bie -e, mind, sense, meaning, ber tim'f rud), beg -eg, bi> aphorism. ber @t0rt, beg -eg, bie -toorter, proverb. f^rief'fen,t fpro^, gef^roffen, to sprout. f^ting r en,t f^rang, gefprungen, to spring, jump; to sprout, bud. ber Sjmmg, beg -eg, bte 0riinge, jump, crack. bie 3 pur, ber , bte -en, track, trace. fjw'ren, tyiivtc, gefpiirt, notice. t beg -eg, bte -en, state. Stab ftrcidjctt ber Stafc, beg -eg, bte (Stabe, staff, stick, cane. fted), see ftedfyen. bie Stabt, ber , bte Stable, city. fta% see ftefjfen. ber Staff, beg -eg, bte @tafle, stable, barn. ber Stmnm, beg -eg, bte tamme, trunk. ber Stanfo, beg -eg, bte (Stanbe, station, standing, position. ftanb, see ftefyen; ftanb auf, see auf* ftefyen. bte 3tana/e, ber , bte -it, pole. ftorft, see fterben. ftarf, ftarfer, ber ftarlfte, strong. ftarr, stiff, stubborn, staring. ftott,prep. wu7i ^e?i.. instead of. ber 3taub, beg -eg, dust. ftedj'en, ftacf), geftocfyen, to sting, prick. ber ^terf'eit, beg -g, bte , rod, stick. fterf'eit, ftetfte, geftetft, to put, stick. ber @terf ling, beg -g, bte -e, slip, cut- ting. fte'tjen, ftanb, geftanben, to stand, be- come ; ftefyen fcletfcen, to stop, stand still. ftelj'Ieit, fta^I, gefto^len, er ftte^tt, to steal. ftci'gen,t ftteg, gefttegen, to rise, go, climb. ber Stein, beg -eg, bte -e, stone, rock. ftein'ero, stone, of stone. ber tein'f)mifen, beg -g, bte , pile or heap of stones. ber <8tem'me^, stone-cutter. ftdn'reid), immensely rich. Die Stel'le, ber , bte -n, place ; fcon ber f)'badj, beg -eg, bie (gtrofybacfyer, thatched roof. ber ^tront, beg -eg, bte or, see ttau'en, traute, getraut, to trust; to marry. bie Srmi'er, ber > mourning, grief, sorrow. bag ^rau'erf Ictb, beg -eg, bie -er, mourn- ing (garment). trmt'ern, traucrte, getrauert, to mourn, grieve, be sad. ber Srcmm, beg -eg, bie Srawne, dream. trtw'rig, sad ; bag raurigfte, the sad- dest (thing). tref'fen, traf, gctroffen, er trifft, to strike, hit, "meet ; to make a good likeness of. trei'fem, tricb, getrieben, to drive, drift, carry on, perform. tren'neit, trcnnte, getrennt, to separate. bie S&p'pe, ber , bie -n, (flight of) stairs or steps. tre'ten,t trat, getreten, er tritt, to tread, step, walk. treu, faithful. trie^, see trciben. ber Sriefc, beg -eg, bie -e, inclination, impulse. frtn'feit, tranf, getrimfen, to drink. bag Srin'len, beg -g, inf. as noun, drinking, drink. ber Srttt, beg -eg, bie -e, step. tritt Ijerem', see fyereintreten, twwf'ett, dry. bie ^rom'mel, ber , bie -n, drum. ber $n>$j'fen, beg -g, bie , drop. trijft'ett, troftete, getroftet, to comfort. trot?, prep, ivit/i gen. (or dat.), in spite of. ber ^roet r frfiaen f fcfyaitte um^er, um^erge= jc^aut, to look around. mnljer'hJerfen, h?arf umtjcr, itmfycrcje* h)orfen, to cast or throw around. imt'fdjmieit, fd>aute urn, iimgefcfyaitt, to look around. ttmfonft', for nothing, gratis ; in vain, ber Um'ftmtfc, beg -eg, bte Umftdnbe, circumstance ; ceremony, itm'itmuticfn, tvanbelte itin, umgett>an* belt, to change. um'tticrfen, n?arf itm, umgetoorfen, to upset. mt'bcfntt^cn, natural, na'ive, artless, unaffected. tmb, and. im'tmnfbar, ungrateful. int'freunblic^, unkind, unfriendly, gruff (ly). nuflcfieucr 41 ucrfubcltt wt'gefjeiter, monstrous, frightful, enor- mous. tm'gefegett, inconvenient, inoppor- tune. tm'gefdEtftft, awkward. iw'nettJ0l)ttt, unaccustomed, unusual. bag ttn'glutf, beg -eg, misfortune, ca- lamity. itn'ijctmttrf), uneasy, dismal. bte tttttoerfitat', ber , bte -en, uni- versity. tm'ttitt?, useless, unavailing. tin'redjt, wrong. bag ttn'rerfjt, beg -eg, wrong. wi'rufyig, restless. im$, us, to or for,.us. tm'frf)litffig, irresolute, wavering. mt'jer, our. im'ten, below. un'ter, prep, with dat. and ace., un- der; among. imterbre'dfctt, nnterbradj, nnterbrocfyen, to interrupt. im'tergeljen,t gwg unter, untergegangen, to go down, set. tmtetfjal'ten, itnter^telt, untcr^alten, er unterfyalt, to entertain. untcritctj'mctt, unterttafym, itnternom* men, er unternimmt, to undertake. tm'tetmejj, on the way. imterfcfjei'bett, unterfc^teb, unterjc^teben, to distinguish. ber ttn'terfdjieb, beg -e, bte -e, differ- ence. mtimUfitr'ltdf), involuntary. bte ttt'foc^e, ber , bte -n, cause, rea- son, motive. bte Ur'=ttr=<&r0fetmttter, great-great- grandmother. #. t, be^ -9 f bte SBater, father. t>erad)tete, tteracfytet, to de- spise, scorn. fcetan'bern, t>eranberte, t>eranbert, to change. fcer&er'gen, t)er6arg, i>er6orgen, er er- fctrgt, to hide. tierbeff'ern, ijerbefferte, fcerfceffert, to cor- rect. bie $8ert>eu'gtm0, ber , bte -en, bow. ber Skrbadjt', beci -e8, suspicion. tictbcr'Ben, berbarb, s?erborben, er i>er* birbt, to spoil. fcerbie'tten, t)erbiente, i>erbtent, to earn, deserve. &evtoief f ?ett, t)erbro^, i>erbroffen, to vex. tierbrie^'Ut^, vexed, cross. t>erbt'ften,t fcerburftete, t>erbnrftet, to die of thirst. fcem'nen, t>eretnte, ^eretnt, to unite. fcerfelj'Iett, t>erfef)tte, 5?erfe^U, to fail, miss. feergaft', see s?ergeffen. fcerge'fcen, t^ergab, t>ergeben, er Dergtebt, to forgive. , in vain, vainly. ,! merging, i>ergangen, to pass (away), disappear. fcevgcf'fett, ferga^, s^ergeffen, er t)ergt^ to forget. ing', see i?erger)en. see fcergeffen. forget-me-not. ba^ 23ergttit'gett, beg -$, pleasure, amusement, delight. fcergttitgt', amused, pleased, merry. fecrgol'bcit, tjcrgolbctc, t>ergolbet, to gild. Hcr^al'Icn^t ucr^aKte, t)er^attt, to die (away) . t>cr^ci'raten f s?er^etratete, marry. to die of hunger. fcerir'reit, fcertrrte, t>ertrrt, to lose the way, to go astray. fcertit'&elit, fcerjubelte, tjerinbett, to waste in riotous living. tjerfaufett 42 SBogelftetter fcertoit'fest, fcerfaufte, fccrfauft, to sell. DetfriMj'Jjeln, fcerfritypelte, fcerfritypeft, to cripple. fcertott'gen, fcerlcmgte, fcedcmgt, to long or wish for, desire, ask. fceriaf'fen, t>erlie, fccrlciffen, er i>erldfct, to leave, forsake, abandon. fcerle'geit, embarassed, confused. fid) terlte'&en, tterliebte ficfy, fid) fcerliefct, to fall in love ; fceru'ebt, in love. iierlte'rett, fccrlor, fcertorert, to lose. ber 3erluft', beg -eg, bie -e, loss. , see fcerttefymett. fcernafym, fcernontmen, to perceive, hear. fid) fcernei'gen, tjerneigte fid;, fid^ fcerneigt, to bow. tfetnitnf'itg, reasonable, sensible. fcerfa'gen, t>erfagte, i>erfagt r to deny, refuse. feerfamaueln, uerfammelte, ^crfammett, to assemble, gather, collect. fcerfau'men, fcerjcmmte, sjerfciumt, to miss, neglect. foerfdjamt', bashful, modest. ticrfr^ie'ben, different. to swallow, ingulf. ben f to vanish, disappear. iierfrfjtntm'bett, see i>erfc^rt)inbcn. iievfen'feitr fcerfenfte, sjerfcnft, to sink. tierfic^'crn, t>crfid?erte, i)erfic^ert, to in- sure, assure. fcerfor'gen, i>erforgtc, ijerforgt, to pro- vide for, endow. fcerftredj'en, fcertyradj, t>erf^ro^en, er , to promise. , be -^, promise. ber Skrftenb', be -c^, reason, mind, sense. fcerfterf'eit, t)erftcrfte, fcerfterft, to hide, conceal. frerftcmb, i>erftanben, to un- derstand; eg fcerftefyt fic^, impers. reflex., it is a matter of course. fcetftum'mett, fcerftummte, s?erftutnmt, to become silent. ber Wet \\xfy' , beg -eg, bte -e, trial, at- tempt. feerfttrlj'ctt, fcerfucfyte, ^crfuc^t, to try, attempt, tempt. bie SBerfti'djung, ber , temptation. fcertra'gett, fcertrug, i>ertragen f er t>er* tracjt, to endure, bear, stand. iierttmift', orphan. ticrltie^'rett, ^ert^e^rte, t>erh?e^rt, to hin- der, prevent, deny. t>erfc)el'fett,t fcertoelfte, i?ertt>etft, to fade, wither, decay. t)erttrilt>ert, wild, disorderly. fceriwt'tert, weather-beaten. ticrttiim'bett, t)errt>unbete, t)ertt>unbet, to wound. fcerfcMit'bern, t>erit)unberte, t5ertt)uitbert, to astonish, surprise; fid) fcertoun* bern, to wonder. tiertuiinfd^t', cursed, damned, be- witched. fcersou'&ern, bergauberte, fcerscwfcert, to enchant, to transform. fcerseff'rett, i?er5ef)rte, i^erse^rt, to con- sume, eat. fcerjei'ljett, tJerjie^ tjerjie^en, w. dat., to pardon. , pardon. , ^ergogen, to disap- pear, move away ; fcer$og ben 2ftunb, made a wry face. fce^og', see ijerjie^en. ticl f many, much, a great deal, lots of. trieHetrfrt', perhaps. trier, four ; irier$el;n, fourteen. , violet (color) . l, beg -g, bie 356'gel, bird. ber SBo'gelfteUer, beg -g r bie , bird- catcher. 43 bag *00'8'(eitt, beg -g, bie , little bird. ba $B0If, beg -eg, bie golfer, people, nation. WO, full. twlUmtt'gett, fcoflbracfyte, fcoflfcracfyt, to accomplish, fulfill. t>0Hf0m'mcn, perfect (ly). ber 30E'm0ttb, beg -eg, bie -e, full moon. t)0U'fimtbig, complete (ly). &0n, prep, with dat., from, by, of, about, since; fcon tyter aug, from this place. i)0r, prep. m/i dat. and ace., before; ago ; t)or fangen $afyr:en f many years ago ; fcor ferf)g SSocfyen, six weeks ago ; fcor ficfy fyitt, to himself. fcormt', ahead. i)0vbei', by, past, over, up. &0rfoei'gef)cn,t ging Corbet, twbeige* gangen, to go past or by. fwrfcci'tragctt, trug Corbet, fcorbeige* tragen, to carry past or by. tior^crcitett, bereitete s?or f t>orberettet r to prepare. bag SBor'berteU, beg -eg, bie -e, fore- part, prow. tHjr'brmgeitft brang t>or, feorgebrungen, to push on, advance. ', before, first, previously. ', before, just now, a little while ago. toff 0mmcn,t lam t>or, i)orgefomtnen, to happen, occur, seem. Ii0t'(egctt, (egte fcor, s?orgelegt, to put before, to help (at table). ber $80r'mittag, beg -eg, bie -e, fore- noon. ber fttot'namc, beg -ng, bie -n, given name. t>0v f nef)mctt, nafym s?or, s?orgenommen, to take in hand, put before one, determine. ,/or s?or bag. i>0r'firfjtt{j, cautious, careful. t)0r'ftelfett, ftettte i>or, i>orgeftettt, to put before, present, introduce, imag- ine. ber $80r'tett, beg -g, bie -e, advantage. ti0rtref?'Iid[), excellent. ti0r'trctcn,t trat i?or, t)orgetreten, -to step forward or to the front. , by, past, gone, over, done. gtttg fcoriiber, gegangen, to go past or by. , to chase past. to howl past. frfjrttt fcoriiber, itbergefc^ritten, to walk past. &0?ii'foev5te!)ett,t og t>oriiber, gejogert, to go past. ber 930r'iwte*, beg -g, bie 5Bcrt)ater, an- cestor. t)0r'Umrt$, forward, ahead, on. bie 928adE)'e, ber , bie -it, guard, sen- tinel. iiwrf)'en, tt>adt)te, geiuac^t, to be awake, wake, watch. Uitw^'fen, f nnicfyg, gen)ac^fen, er it)dc^ to grow. ttwrfj'te auf, see bie $8affc, ber , bie -it, weapon. ber 8a'geit, beg -g, bie , wagon, car- riage. tam'gen, toog, getoogen, to weigh (active). Hmljr, true. tofi^rcnb, subord. conj., while; prep. with gen., during. r , bie -en, truth. ), probably, likely. bag aSSai'fenfmb, beg -eg, bie -er, or- phan. 44 toeit ber Sa(b, beg -eg, btc SBcilber, forest, woods. bcr SSSolb'toonb, beg -eg, bte SBalb* branbe, forest fire. 28alb'mamt, proper name. bag 28al'Iett, beg -g, surge. btc 2Gcmb, ber , bte SSanbe, wall. ber 8an'berer, beg -g, bte , wan- derer. bag SSSan'berjaljr, beg -eg, bte -e, year of wandering; pi., travels. ttKm'bertt,t ftanberte, getoanbert, to wander. ber a&an'bernbe, wandering (man), wanderer. ber $att'berftf)ttf), beg -eg, bte -e, walk- ing or wandering shoe. bte 23att'berwtg, ber , bte -en, wan- dering, journey. hwnb'te, sse toenbcn, bte 28attg'e, ber , bte -tt, cheek. ttmtm, when. bag $$a'ett, beg -g, bte , coat of arms. toar, -en, -ft, -t, was, were ; see fetn* ttmrb, see tcerben. tuci'rc, were, would be; see fetn. tomrf, see njerfen ; iuarf au, lint, see au^toerfen, nmltjerfen, ttmrnt, -e, -em, -en, -er, -e^, iuarmer, ber it)drmfte, warm. toar'ten, rt>artete, geiuartet, to wait (for). ba3 ^Bar'tcn, be^ -g, waiting. ttmrttm', why ; the reason why. toa$, what; for ettoaS, something, anything; tx>a^ fiir, what kind of; tt?a3 fyut'Sl What's the difference ! toafdji'ett, hju|"d), gett>a|c^en, er h)dfc^t, to wash. ba SEBaf'fer, be^ -8 f water, body of water; bte SSafferblume, ber , bte -n, water-flower ; ber SSafferfatf, beg -eg, bte S&afferfafle, waterfall; ber SBaffermcmn, beg -eg, water-sprite; bte 28afferpffan5e, ber , bte -n, water-plant. toe'fcen, toob, getcoben, to weave, twine. ttieff'ett, tx>edtte, geiuecft, to wake, wake up. toe'ber, neither; iueber , . noc^), nei- ther . . . nor. toeg, adv., away. ber $$eg, beg -eg, bte -e, way, road, path; beg Segeg, adverbial geni- tive, that way, along. iue'gctt, prep, with gen., on account of, for. toeg'reiftett, rt toeg, tueggertffen, to tear away. ttieg'ftttfen,t fan! tx>eg, tx>eggefnnfen, to sink away. ber 8eg'ttietfer, beg -g, bte , sign- post. toelj ! woe ! toefj, sore, aching, painful ; toefy tt)nn, to hurt. toe'^cn, toefyte, getxje^t, to blow ; float. bte SSMj'tmrt, ber , sadness. metj'ren, tt>ef)rte, gen)etjrt, to defend. tocirf), soft, tender, smooth. luei't^en, tt>tc^, geitjic^en, to yield to, with dat. bte SGei'be, ber , bte -n, willow; pasture. toei'ben, toeibete, getoetbet, to pasture. ber SSJci'bcnboiim, beg -eg, bte -fcanme, willow-tree. ber SSSei'fjer, beg -g, bte , pond. SSeifj'narfjten, Christmas. toeil, subord. conj., because. bte Gei'Ie, a while ; delay. ber 28eitt, beg -eg, bte -e, wine. tuei'nen, tuetnte, getcetnt, to weep, cry. toet'fen, tuteg, geftnefen, to show, point out. white, now ; see totffen* toeit, far, distant, wide ; toett unb 6rett, toetter 45 far and wide; fcott toeitem, from afar; ttjeiten SSeg, long journey. tuei'ter, further, farther, on ; else ; bag SKeitere, the rest. tt>ei'tergei)en,t ging toeiter, fteiterge* gangen, to go on or farther. tueiter'mtett,t ritt toetter, toeitergeritten, to ride on. Kield), which, what. suel'fen,t toelt'te, getoelft, to fade, wither. tie $el'Ie, ber , bie -n, wave. Me WQeit, ber , bie -en, world, bie S&elt'mfe, ber , bie -n, a long journey. n, toanbte, getoartbt, to turn, few, little; toeniger, less, fewer ; toenigft, least ; toenigfteng, at least. hjenn, when, if ; toenn audj, toenngleicfy, even if, although. toer, who. tter'bett,t ttjarb or iuurbe, getoorben, shall, will; to become, get, be. toer'fett, tx>arf, geiuorfen, er ftnrft, to throw, cast, bag %Qetlf be -e, bie -e, work, deed, act. bag SBet'ratJial, valley of the Werra River. ttiert, worth, worthy. bag 28e'fett, beg -g, bie , being, man- ner, conduct. toe$f)alb' f why, wherefore, bie SiSeft'c, ber , bie -n, vest, ber SBeft'en, beg -g, west, bag 25$et'ter, beg -8, bie , weather. tuet'tergrou, weatherbeaten. ber aS)i'berf^rit^ beg -eg, bie SStber- fpuiid^e, contradiction. toic, how, vvhat; as, like, as if; tt>te fyeifjt bit? what is your name? hne'ber, again, back. tuiefcerijo'lett, ttjieber^oUc, ttjieber^olt, to repeat. hte r berfcmmen,t !am toieber, fommen, to come again, return. bag SSte'berfeljett, beg -g, the meeting ; auf SSieberfe^en, in hope of meet- ing again, au revoir. hrie'geti, tuog, gett)ogen, to weigh, be of weight. bie 9SMe'fe, ber , bie -n, meadow. totlb, wild, fierce (ly). bag $b, beg -eg, game. XQH'falm, William. ttiitt, will, want ; see tootten, e, beg -ng, will, mind. tDiden, prep, with gen., for the sake of. futHfom'mctt, welcome. t, see iuotlen* , beg -eg, bie -e, wind. imn'fcen, toanb, gettmnbett, to wind. ttiin'fen, iuinfte, getoinft, to nod, beckon, make a sign. ber SSMn'ter, beg -g, bie , winter. ber XQty'fcl, beg -g, bie , top (of a tree). ttur'&eln, ftirfcefte, gettrirfcett, to whirl. mitb, see toerben. mir'fcn, tt)ir!te, gen^irft, to work. ttrivE'ftdj, real, genuine ; in fact. ftrirr, confused, tangled. ttnrft, will ; see toerben. ber QSitt, beg -eg, bie -e, landlord, host. bie 2Gi*'tftt, ber , bie -nen, landlady. hostess. inn, tavern. ber ^irtS'ttf^ beg -eg, bie -e, tavern table. bie 2$trt$'tod)ter, ber , bie -totter, landlord's daughter. toif'fett, ftwfjte, geh)ii^t, ic^ U>ei^, know. bag tSHffen/be* -g, knowledge. tuo, where, when. e f ber , bie -n, week. 46 Settretcn bie 80** "\ ber , bie -n, wave. tourer', 4 ^m where, whence. tt)ol)tn', whither, where, which way, to what place. hioljf, well, surely, perhaps; I sup- pose, indeed, probably, I hope, certainly, fully. tvobtbclciW, corpulent. toofj'nen, toofmte, getoofjnt, to live, dwell. bie aStotm'ftwfce, ber , bie -n, sitting- room. btc 80f)'tttmg, ber , bie -en, dwell- ing. ber 28olf, beg -eg, bie SSb'lfe, wolf. bie SSSol'fe, ber > bie -n, cloud. toal'len, toottte, gctoottt, icfy toil!, will, to want. bie aSSon'ne, ber , bie -n, delight, rapture. foHJtmif, on which, on what. bag 80rt, beg -eg, bie -e or Sorter, word. bag 2Giirt'dt)ett, beg -8, bie , little word. ftwdj$, ttmcfyfen, see toacfyfen ; tondjg anf, see auftoacfyfen. bie 28un'be, ber , bie -n, wound. ttwn'berfcar, wonderful, strange. tmm'beritrf), odd, queer, strange. fief) tuun'bern, e^ ttmnbert mid), I won- der; impers. with ace., to wonder. nnm'fcerfam, wonderful. toun'berft^ijn, wonderfully beautiful, very beautiful. ber S&mt'berfttefer, be -S, bie , magic boot. hwntert>0Il, wonderful. ber $Sunfd^, be3 -e, bie SSiinfc^e, wish. tuiin'fc^en, ftmnfcfyte, gett>iin|d^t, to wish. tuur'bc, see toerben. toiir'bc, would ; see toerbett. bie SS^ut'bc, ber , bie -n, dignity. toitr'big, worthy ; dignified. bie 9Shtrft, ber , bie SSiirfte, sausage. bie SBitr'ftel, ber , bie -n, root. ivitfrf), see Voafcfyen. itiu^'te, see njiffen, toii'tenb, furious, in a rage. bie 3anbert, to wander back. 5fam'mett, together. jufam'mcn^afiett, baftte gufammen, 511* fammengebatlt, to clench. &ttfam'men&mbe, banb jufammen, 511* fatrtmengebimben, to bind together. Sufatn'ntcnOnUcH, ^iett gufammen, gu* fatntnenge^atten, to hold together. 5fam'menfommen,t fain sufammen, 511* fammengefomnten, to come together. $ttfam'menarfctt, ^acfte sufammen, 511* famrnenge^arft, to pack up. Sfam'mereffett, ^re^te $ufammett, 511* fammengc^re^t, to press together. jttfam'menfdjlagett, jd;lug sufammcn, 5itfammengef4)Iagen, to strike to- gether. jufmn'mcuftccfcn, ftecfte jufammen, 511* fammengeftecft, to put together. 48 ju'frfjaucn, fcfyautc 511, 5itgefd)cmt, to look on. S'frf)lageit, feeing $u, $ugef$lagen, to strike, to shut (with a bang). juWtefcen, fcfyloS 511, sugefcfyloffen, to close, lock up. 5it'fdE)reitett,t jcfyrttt 511,' gitgefcfyritten, walk towards. $i!'traitlidj), confiding, familiar. 5iitfor' f before, previously. 5uttei'(ctt f sometimes, once in a while. jttmn'stg, twenty. 5ttei f two. tcr 3^^0f ^ e ^ ~ e ^/ fcte -^/ twig, branch. 5it>ei'mal f twice, two times. 5tt>cite, second, other. ber 3^crg, be^ -e8, bie -e, dwarf. bag 3toer0'feitt, be^ -, bie , little dwarf. jhrntu'en, s^ang, ge^Jpungen, to force. ber Bh'ifJt, beS -c8, b"ie -e, thread. jttiifc^'en, prep, with dat. and ace., among, between. bie 3totfri)'ftt$eit, ber , bie -en, inter- val. Stoitfd[)'ern, h)it(c^crte f gcjtoitjd^ert, to twitter. iilf, twelve. ENGLISH-GERMAN VOCABULARY. Eoman numerals after nouns indicate the class to which each belongs. A dagger (t} after a verb indicates that it takes fcin as auxiliary. A. a, art., cut* able, to be, fo'n'nen, about, prep., urn, with ace., Sort, with dat. abroad, adv., cmf Sftei'fen. account, on of, toe'gen, with gen. acquainted, to be with, tett'nen* admission, ber Cntt'trttt, II. advise, ra'ten, with dat. affair, bie afternoon, bcr 9fai$'mittag, II. ; in the , nadj'mittacjg. again, adv., toie'ber, rtocfy einmaf. against, prep., ge'gen or hn'ber, with ace. ago, adv., fcor, prep, preceding the noun in dat. agreeable, adj., cm'cjenefjm. air, bie Suft, II. all, adj., gcm$, aft. allow, to, erlau'ben; to be allowed, biir'fert* aloud, adv., laut. already, adv., fcfyott. although, conj., obtuo^I', cbfcfyon', ob- always, adv., ttn'mer. am, bin (see jcin). among, prep., un'ter, with dat. or ace. an, art., eitu and, conj., wtb. angry, adj., bc'fe. animal, bag (;ter, II. Anna, 5lnma. annoy, to, t>erbne$'em another, ad;., an'bcr ; nod^ ein. answer, to, ant'ftorteru any, adj., ir'gcnb ; anything, et'toaS ; anybody, any one, jemanb ; not any- thing, ni$t ; not any one, nie'manb. appear, to, fd^eimen, auS'fefjen ; s?or'# fommen,t with dat. apple, ber Sty'fel, I. April, ber 2fyrtl'. are, finbf (see fein) arm, ber 5lrm, II. around, prep., um, ivith ace. arrive, to, an'fommen.f art, bift (see fern). as, conj., ba, benn ; as .. . as, e'benfo, . . . h)ie ; as with compar., at, n?ie. ashamed, to be, fid) fcfyci'men; of, t>or, with dat. ask, to, fra'cjen ; ask for, btt'ten urn, 49 astonish, to, erftau'nen. astound, to, erftau'rten. at, prep., bei, neben, with dat.; at all, gar, ja ; at home, August, ber SUt'guft, avoid, to, mei'ben. away, adv., h>eg, fort, back 50 castle B. back, bcr Sttirf'cn, I. ; adv., uriicf'. bad, adj., bo'fe, fcfyled)t bag, bcr arf, II. ; ber Seu'tel, I. bake, to, bacf'en* band, bag Sanb, III. bathe, to, ba'ben ; fid) toafd^'en. be, feint (see Lesson J.); of health, fid) befin'ben, bear, ber Sar, IV. ; to bear, geba'ren ; (carry), tra'gcn. beard, ber Sart, II. beat, to, fcfyla'gen. beautiful, adj., f$on. because, co?ij., toeil ; of, ttegen, become, to, tuer'ben.f bed, bag Sett, IV. been, getocfenf (see fetn). beer, bciS Sier, II. [Sorter'. before, prep., fcor ; co?y ., efye ; adv., beg, to, bitten ; for, urn, with ace. begin, to, begin'ncn, an'fangcn. beginning, bcr 3ln'fang, II. behind, prep., tytn'ter, with dat.oracc. believe, to, glau'ben, loith dat. belong, to, gefyo'ren, with dat. bench, bie Sanf, II. bend, to, btc'gen, fid; bic'gen, Berlin, ba Serlin'. beside, prep., ne'bcn, with dat. or ace. best, adj., ber beft'e, am beft'en. between, prep., toifd?en, with dat. or ace. big, adj., grof?, bind, to, btn'bcn, bird, ber So'gel, I. , birthday, bcr eburt^'tag, II. bite, to, beifj'en. black, adj., fdjtoar$. blow, ber "Sc^Iag, II. ; to blow, bla'fen. blue, adj., blait. blunder, ber ^efy'fer, I. boat, ba^ Soot, II. ; ba3 @c^tff, II. "bolt, ber Sftie'gel, I. book, bag Sucfy, III. boot, ber @tie'fe(, I. both, adj., bei'be ; both . . . and, fotoofyC . . . alS. bother, to, fid) fummern, about, urn, with ace. bottom, ber So'ben, I. bought, gefauft'* boy, ber ^na'be, V. bread, baS Srot, II. break, to, brecfy'en ; to pieces, $er- bredycn, breakfast, ba^ ftrity'frM, IL bride, bie Sraut, II. bright, adj., fyelf, flar. bring, to, brin'gen, ^o'len ; up, auf- broad, adj., breit, brook, ber Sad), II. brother, ber Sru'ber, I. brown, adj., bratm, build, to, bau'en. bundle, ba Siin'bel, I. burn, to, brcn'nen. burst, to, berft'eru bush, ber Snfcf), II. but, conj., aber; contrasting with a negative, fonbertu button, ber $nopf, II. buy, to, fau'fen, by, prep., ne'ben, with dat. or ace ' of agent after passive, fcon, C. call, to, ru'fen ; nen'nen ; i^ei^'en, came, famf (see fomnten). can, lon'nen. cane, ber cover, to, berf'en. cow, bie ul), II. create, to, fcfyaf'fen. creature, bag >tng, II. crowd, bie SJRett'ge, IV. crown, bie ^ro'ne, IV. cry, to, toet'nen* cry out, to, fcfyrei'ett. cultivated, adj. t ja^tru cup, bie ^af'fe, IV. cut, fcfynei'ben. D. dance, ber Xant, II. ; to , tan'seru daughter, bie Socfy'ter, I. day, bev Sag, II. dead, adj., tot. dear, adj., ltefc debts, bie cfyul'ben, IV. deceive, to, fcetvii'gen. December, bev S^em'fcer, I. deep, adj., tief. demand, to, fccilan'gett. depart, to, fd^ci'ben* f deserve, to, fcevbie'netu desire, bie uft, II. dew, bev Salt, II. did, tyat (see fyun). die, to, ftev'()en.t difference, bev ttn'terfdjieb, II. difficult, adj., f(f>n)ev, dig, to, gva'fcen. direction, bie 9ttd/ttmg. disappear, to, t)evjc()n3in'ben. f distant, adj., toeit, fern. do, to, tfyurt, jd^affen; in sense of "travel over," burc^vei'fen ; to strengthen an imperative, bodj> ; to be (in health), fid) fcefin'ben. doctor, bev 2)of'tov, IV. dog, bev unb, II. door, bie l;iiv, IV. downstairs, adv. (rest), imten ; (mo- tion), bie ve'pe Ijinun'ter. draw, to, sicken, dress, bag ^teib, III. drink 52 folk drink, bag etranf', II. ; to , trin'Ieru drive, to, intrans., fafy'renf; active, trei'ben. during, prep., ftafy'rettb, with gen. dust, ber @taub, II. dwarf, ber 3^ er 3f H. dwelling, bie 2M/mmg, IV. E. ear, bag )r, IV. early, adv., friify. earn, to, tterbte'neit. earth, bic (r'be, IV. easy, adj., Ieid)t, eat, to, ef'fen. eight, adj., adj)t eleven, adj., elf. else, adj., an'bcr, embrace, to, umar'men, emperor, ber $ai'fer, I. empress, bie ^ai'jeritt, IV. enchant, to, tte^au'fcertu end, bag (ube, IV. enemy, ber ^etnb, II. enjoy, to, genie^'em enough, adj., gemtg', entertain, to, imtcrfyal'ten. entire, adj., ganj. entrance, ber (Sm'tritt, II. even, adv., felbft, gar, evening, ber 2l'benb, II.; in the , a'benbg* ever, adv., je. . everybody, every one, pron., je'ber* ntaru everything, al'Ieg. everywhere, adv., U6eraH'* exact, adj., gera'be, genau', exercise, bie Sluf'gafce, IV. explain, to. erfld'ren. F. fairy tale, bag 9ftar'djett, I. fall , ber erfcft ; to , fallen f ; down, fyerun'terfaflen f ; asleep, etn'* fd;lafemt family, bie ^ami'tte, IV. (four sylla- bles). far, adv., toett, fern. farmer, ber SBau'er, IV. farther, adv., toei'^.r. fast, adv., fdjnelt fat, adj., bid father, ber SSa'ter, I. fault, bie 0d;ulb, IV. fear, bie SIngft, II. feather, bie ^e'ber, IV. features, bie &'&, II. February, ber $eb'ruar, II. feel, to, fidj fii^len, fic^ fceftn'betu fence, to, fecf)'ten. festival, bag fteft, II. fetch, to, l^o'Ien* fewer, adj., ttje'ntger. fiancee, bie SBraut, II. fiddls, bie ftte'bel, IV. field, bag ^elb, III. fifteenth, adj., fiinf^e^nt fight, to, fecfy'ten* figure, bie eftatt, IV. finally, adv., enb'ttcf). find, to, fm'bcrt ; out, aug'ftnben, fine, adj., fetn f fc^on* fire, bag ^eu'er, I. first, adj., ber er'fte ; in the place, er'fteng. fish, ber fttfcty, II. ; to , ftfcty'en. fisher, fisherman, ber $tfd/er. fit, to, ^af'fen, with dat. five, adj., fiinf. flag, bie ^*at) r ne, IV. flatter, to, fd)mei'cfyeln, with dat, flee, to, ffie'^en. t floor, ber SBo'bett, I. flow, to, flte^en. f flower, bie 33Iu'me, IV. fly, to, flie'gen. t folk, bag olf, in. follow 53 hat follow, to, fol'gert, t with dat. food, bte @pet'fe, IV. for, co rc;., berm ; prep., fur ; auf. force, to, jhnn'gen. forenoon, ber SBor'mittag ; in the , fcor'mtttagg* forest, ber 28atb, III. forget, to, fcergej'feru forgive, to, fcergefcetu fork, bie a'fcel, IV. former, the, je'rter* formerly, adv., fonft, fritter, fortune, bag Uicf, II. found, gefun'ben (see firt'ben). lour, adj., tner. Frederick, ^rteb'ncf;, $r% free, adj., fret ;. to set , fcefret'etu freeze, to, frte'reru fresh, adj., frtfrf). Friday, ber ^rei'tag, II. friend, ber ^reurtb, II. friendly, adj., freimb'ttdj, frightened, to be, erfdjrerf 'en* f from, prep., fcon, aug* front of neck, ber <>atg, II. front, in of, fcor. G. game, baS @^tel, II. garden, ber ar'tett, I. gate, ba S^or, II. gaze, to, fdjcm'en. general, ber eneral', II. genuine, adj., ed)t German, adj., beutfc^ ; noun, (baS) 35eutfcr; ; Germany, bag 2)eutfdjlartb. get, to, tter'ben, t fcefom'men ; get up, auf'ftefyen. f giant, ber ^te'fe, V. gift, bag efcfyeuf', II. girl, bag 2ftab'cf)en, I. give, to, ge'&ert ; up, auf'geben, glad, adj., frofy ; be , fidj freu'en, gladly, adv., gern glass, bag tag, III. gleam, to, gldn^en. glide, to, glei'ten. t go, to, ge'fyenf; to sleep, etn'* fcf)Iafen t ; and get, fyo'teru Goethe, ber oc'tfye. gold, bag olb, II. golden, adj., gol'bem good, adj., gut goose, bte ang, II. grasp, ber riff, II. ; to , ergret'feru grass, bag rag, III. grateful, adj., banf'fcar, gray, adj., gran, great, adj., gro$. green, adj., griin, greet, to, grii^'en, ground, ber 53o'ben, I. grow, to, toer'ben, t toacr/fent; grow pale, erblei'c^en t ; grow up, auf* ix>ac^jen. t guard, to, ^ii'ten, guest, ber aft, II. gush, to, quel'fen. f H. hair, bag aar, II. half, bte JcHfte, IV. ; tyalfc (see Les- son LII.) . ham, ber (Scfym'fen, I. hand, bte anb, II. ; to , ret'cfyen, with dat. handle, ber riff, II. hang, to, fyan'gen. happen, to, gcfcfye'fyen, f with dat. happiness, bag Uirf, II. happy, adj., gtucf'Itc^, frot;, fro^'ttc^. hard, adj., fc^tt>er, of difficulty ; fyart, of material or texture. hardly, adv., faum, hare, ber a'fe, V. has, hast, had, etc., see hat, ber ^ut, II. have 54 know have, to, tya'fcen ; have (done), cause to be (done) , laf'jen, have to, to, miif'fen, he, pron., er, head, ber $opf, II. heap, ber >ait'fen, I. hear, to, heard, etc. ; tyor'en, heart, bag cr, IV. ; by , ang'toen* big, heaven, bcr $tm'me(, I. heavy, adj., fcfytoer. help, bie ->il'fe, IV. ; to , tyelfen, with dat. her, pron., ifyr ; fie. here, adv., fyier. herself, pron., fid) ; fefljft hide, to, fcerftecf'eru high, adj., tyocty, inflected, tyotyer, tyotye, tyotyeS. him, pron., his, ec., see cr himself, pron., ficfy; fel&ft* hit, to, trcf'fen. hither, adv., tyer ; and thither, tyin imb tjcr. hog, bag @d)toein, II. hold, to, tyal'ten ; take of, an'faffetu hole, bag Serf), III. home, btc >ei'mat, IV. ; at , 511 cwfe ; (to) , natty $aufe, homely, adj., tya^'ticty, honor, bie (Sf)'re. hope, to, fyof'fen. horse, bag ^ferb, II. host, ber Strt, II. hot, adj., tyetp. hour, bie (gtuu'be, IV. house, ba au^, III. how, adv., fcne. howl, to, tyeu'Ien* hundred, adj., tyun'bert hungry, adj., fyung'rig. hunt, to, ja'gen, hunter, ber 3 a '3 cr r I- husband, ber Sftann, III, hut, bie ut'te, IV. I. l t pron., icty. ice, bag &\3, II. ill, adj., frant impart, to, ntit'teiten, improve, to, fcerfcef'fern. in, prep., in, with dat. or ace. industrious, adj., ffeift'icj. inform, to, tntt'tetlen. in order to, nm * * * s u / with in/in. inside of, in'nerf;atb, with gen. instead of, an'ftatt, with gen. into, prep., in, with ace. iron, bag (t'fen, I. is, tft it, pron., eg ; after a prep., ba(r). itself, pron., ficty ; felbft J. January, John, journey, bie ^tei'je, IV. joyful, adj., frofy. joyous, adj., froty'u'tfy. July, ber ^n'li. jump, to, fprin'genf ; up, anf'tyrin* gctuf June, ber $n f ni. just, adv., gera'be, e'6en ; with other adv., erft ; just now, efcen jet$t K. keep, to, fcefyat'ten. kill, to, to'ten. kind, what kind of, n>ag fiir. king, ber $o'nig, II. kingdom, bag 9leicty r II., bag ^o'nia/ reicty, II. knapsack, ber Sormft'er, I. knife, bag 2Kef'fer, I. knight, ber lifter, I. knock, to, !Io^'|en. know, to, to have knowledge of, lady 55 mistake hnf'fen; to be acquainted with, fen'nen. L. lady, bte 2>a'me, IV. lamb, bag amm, III. lance, bte an'$e, IV. land, bag anb, III. landlord, ber SGBirt, II. language, bte w&'on. C7.se the gen. wher possible for of. offer, to, fcte'tetu often, adv., oft. old, adj., alt on, prep., auf, with dat. or ace. once, adv., ein'mat ; at once, gletd). one, adj., em ; man ; no one, nie'manb ; the ones, bteje'ntgen. only, adv., nnr. on to, prep., auf, with ace. open, adj., of 'fen; of th* sky, frei * to , off'nen, anf 'madjen. order, in . . that, bamtt' ; in ... to. itm . . . $n* other, adj., an'ber; ncdj* otherwise, adv., an'ber^; conj., fonft. ought to, folt'te. our, adj., im'fer. ourselves, pron., un ; feI6ft out of, prep., an3, with dat. outside of, prep., an^'erfyalfc, with gen. over, prep., ii'fcer, with dat. or ace. ox, ber d)3, V. P. page, bte ei'te, IV. pail, ber (gi'mer, I. pair, ba $aar, II. palace, ber ^alaft', II. pale, to grow , erblei'cfyen* f paper, bag ^apter', II. pardon, to, tjersei'^en, with dat. parents 57 recover parents, bte (Et'tern, pZ. Paris, bag $arig', part, ber Sfyeil, II. ; to , fcfyei'ben. f pass, to, reid/en ; of time, t>erge'fyen.f patch, to, fticf'etu path, ber ^fab, II., ber 28eg, II. patience, bie @ebutb', IV. pay, ber ofyn, II. ; to peasant, ber SBau'er, V. pen, bie $e'ber, IV. penetrate, to, burd;brin'gen. people, bie eu'te, pi. ; bag 35otf, III. ; ntatu perhaps, adv., inefteidjt'. permit, to, erlau'fcen, with dat. ; to be permitted, bur'fen* person, bie $ erf on', IV. peruse, to, burcfyblat'tern. pick, to, vffiirf'en ; up, anf'fye&en* piece, bag tiicf, II. pig, ba$ @d)toein, II. pile, ber $au'fen, I. pinch, to, fnei'fen. pitcher, ber $ritg, II. place, bie tel'te ; to , ftel'fen (see also put) . plant, to, ^ftan'^en. plate, ber el'ler, I. platter, bie ctyuf'fet, IV. play, bag @piel, II. ; to , ftrie'ten. pleasant, adj., an'genefym. please, r to, gefaCIen, with dat. ; (if you) please, bit'te. pluck, to, f(M'en* pocket, bie Safcfy'e, IV. point out, to, ftei'fen. pole, bie tan'ge, IV. polish, jdj)(ei'fen. polite, adj., fyo'f'u'cfy. poor, adj., arm. possible, adj., mb'a/ftdj. pouch, ber 33eu'te(, I. pour, to, gieft'en* praise, to, lo'fcen. pray, bot^, with the imperative. present, bag efdjent', II. press, to, brin'gen. ^ pretty, adj., fd^b'n ; adv., jiemlufy, prince, ber ^rinj, V. prison, bag efana/nig. probably , adv., toofyl; bot^ (see Les- son L XIV.). proper, to be, ficfy fdfytrf'en. proud, adj., ftof$ pull, to, 5ie'^>en. punctually, adv., ^Sunft. pupil, ber erber'6en. spoke, see speak. spoon, ber gof'fel, I. spring, ber ^vii^'ling, II. ; to , fprtn'* gen.f sprout, to, f^rie^'en. f stairs, bie XuWe, IV.; upstairs (mo- tion) , bie Sre^pe btnauf ; (rest) , oben ; downstairs (motion), bie Xre^e {;munter ; (rest), imtett, stairway, bte Sre^'pe, IV. stake, bie @tom'cjc, IV. stall, ber tail, II. stand, to, act., fteflen ; intrans., fte'* ^en ; up, auf'ftefyen* f star, ber tern, II. start, ber Sln'fang, II. ; to , an'fangett, begin'nen. stay, to, fclet'ben. f steal, to, ftel/len. step, to, tre'ten^f f^ret'tetuf stick, ber @tocf, II., bie tan'ge ; to , act., ftecfeit. still, adj., ftttt ; adv., noc^>. stone, ber ea'ter, I. their, pron., i^>r. them, pron., fie, tfyrten ; themselves, W ; fie felbft then, adv., bann. there, adv., ba, bort ; there is, eg gtefct, eg tft. they, pron., fte, man. thick, adj., btcf. thin, adj., bimn. thing, bag 3)ing, II. ; bte ac^e, IV. think, to, ben'fen, glau'ben* third, adj., britt ; in the place, brit* teng, adv. thirsty, ac?/., bitrft'tg. this, bie'fer, -e, -eg. thither, adv., fytn; hither and , fytn unb ^er. thorn, ber 2)orn, IV. thorough, adj., tiid/ttg. thou, pron., bu. though, conj., Qbt^of)!', obgleid/, 06* thread, ber $a'bett, I. threaten, to, broken, with dat. three, adj., bret. throat, ber ^>alg, II. throne, ber Styron, II. through, prep., bitrd), with ace. throw, to, toer'fett. thrust, to, ftecf'en, fc^te'ben, fto^'en. thunder, ber >on'ner, I..; to , bott* new, eg bonnert, impers. Thursday, ber >on'nergtag. tight, adj., eng. till, prep., big; conj., big ba$. time, bte 3ett, IV.; bag JiDtal, II., bte SSet'te, IV.; what is it? tt>te s?tel U^rtfteg? tired, adj., tnitbe. to, prep., ju, and dat. with persons ; nad) and dat. with places ; anf, auf bag @d>foij ; in order , nm . . . $u* to-day, adv., fyen'te. * to-morrow, adv., mor'gen* tone, ber Son, II. too 61 why too, adv., tooth, totally, adv., gans nnb gar* toward, prep., gegen, with ace. tower, ber urm, II. town, baS Serf, III., bte @tabt, II. train, ber ug, Ife translate, to, iiberfet'^etu tree, ber SBaum, II. trip, bte SRet'fe, IV. true, ae(/., tuafyr. truth, bie Safyr'fyett. try, to, fcerfu'djeit. Tuesday, bee 2)tertS'tag. twelve, adj., jtootf* twenty, adj., gfcan'gtg. twice, adv., s^ei'mal. twig, ber 3 it)e *& H- twine, to, fled/ten, twn'betu two, adj., jtoei, bei'be. U. ugly, adj., fya^'lid). under, prep., nn'ter, with dat. or ace. understand, to, fcerfte'fyen. undertake, to, untcrncfy'meiu ungrateful, adj., im'banfbar*. unless, conj., toentt . . . ntct)t upon, prep., auf, ivith dat. or ace. upstairs, adv. (motion), bie Xu$$e ^>inauf ; (rest), oben, us, pron,, un use, to, gefcrcw'djeiu V. very, adv., fetjr. vest, bte Seft'e, IV. vex, to, fcerbrie^'en. village, bag 2)orf, III. violin, bie ei'ge, IV. visit, ber SBefudj', II. ; to , -befit'* cfeen. W. wagon, ber SSa'gen, I. wait, to, tcar'ten ; for, atif, with ace. wake up, to, aitf'roacfyen* t walk, to, gefy'enf; go to , fpaaie'ren ge'fyen. t waut, to (need), brau'djen; to to, tcol'len ; ftmnfcfy'en* warm, adj., tuarm. was, toar, see jetn. wash, to, toafcfy'cit. watch, bie Ut;r, IV. ; to , 5u'fd)aucu. water, ba3 Staffer, I. wave, bie SSel'le, IV. way, ber SBeg, II. we, pro n., h)ir weak, adj., f(^tt?at^. wear, to, tra'getu weather, ba^ SSet'ter, I. weave, to, ftedyten. Wednesday, ber SDZttt'toocfy. week, bie ^oc^'e, IV. weigh, act., toag'en ; intrans., tt)ie'gen. welcome, you are, bit'te. well, adv., gut; (of fiealth), koo^t; expletive, nun. went, ging ; see ge'fyen* were, toa'ren ; see fein. what, interrog., h?a^ txe(d; ; kind of, n?a3 fiir? when, conj., a(, roenn ; interrog., hxmn? where, interrog. and subord. conj., too ; to, toofyin' ; from, toofyer'. which, interrog. and relat., h?e((^. while, subord. conj., ba, ivat/renb. whistle, to, pfei'fen. white, adj., n)ei. whither, interrog., toofjtn'. who, interrog., toer; rel., ber, ttjetc^er. whole, adj., gan$ why, inter rog.,toamm'; expletive, fa, bod) (see Lesson LXIV.). wicked 62 youth wicked, adj., bo'fe. wide, adj., fcrett. wife, bie $rau, IV. wild, adj., ftnlb. will, tool'lcn; see also future tense. William, ber 28il'f;eint* willing, to be, tool'len, win, to. geftnn'nen. wind, ber SStnb, II. ; to , hrinben. window, bag #cnft'er, I. wine, ber SSetn, II. wing, bei* ^tti'gel, I. winter, ber SSJin'ter, I. wish, ber SBunfd), II. ; to , ft>iinj(i)'ett. with, prep., ntit, with dat. without, prep., oh'ne, with ace. wolf, ber 2Sctf, II. woman, bie $rcw, IV. wonder, to, fid) ftmn'bertt. wood, ber 2Balb, III. ; ba 0(5, III. word, bag 28ort, III. work, bie 2lr'6eit, IV.; to . or'* betten. world, bie Selt, worth, to be, f wound, bie SSun'be, IV. wrestle, to, rtn'gen. write, to, fc^rei'ben. y. year, bvi ^af)r, II. [tives, bcc^; yes, adv., ja ; in answering nega- yesterday, adv., geft'cnu yet, adv., bod), yield, to, toet'djen. t yonder, adv., bort. you, pron., bu, tbr, @tc. young, adj., jung ; man, ber 3un'ge, V. your, pron., bein, citer, 3^r. yourself, pron., bt^ @te, fic^ ; felbft* youth, ber ^un'ge, V. 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