it date stamped below ENRIQUE PEREZ ESCRICH FORTUNA AND EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, VOCABULARY, AND EXERCISES EDWARD GRAY GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO LONDON ATLANTA DALLAS COLUMBUS SAN FRANCISCO Jt OP COPYRIGHT. 1907 BY EDWARD GRAY AIX RIGHTS RESERVED 721.6 gfte atfttnaiim jPrcss G1NN AND COMPANY PRO- PRIETORS BOSTON U.S.A. 5 ! 9 1 _ -s PREFACE o * The selections here presented form a text well suited for perusal in the latter semester of the first year or the early part of the second year. There is an interesting story well told in simple, lucid language of wholesome tone. Escrich's style is ^| perhaps the more simple and direct because he was born in ^ Valencia and was familiar from childhood with the Valencian } dialect which was so dear to his heart as we see in the charming sketch " La Valenciana." ^ While the tale is simple, it is not devoid of dramatic situa- f) tions. The second sketch may be called a species of literary , trifling, in good humor. It is self-understood that the orthography and accentuation ( comply with the present rules of the Spanish Royal Academy. It is hoped that those who shall use this little book will find ' it good material for learning Spanish. The wants of those who read without the aid of a skilled instructor at hand have induced the editor to provide especially full notes at the outset and to pay some attention to reviewing the principles of gram- mar, but this kind of help is rapidly decreased in the latter portion of Fortuna. The student should always consult the vocabulary before the notes. E. G. CONTENTS PASE INTRODUCTION . . vii FORTUNA : HlSTORIA DE UN PERRO AGRADECIDO Capitulo I. Sentenciado a Muerte ..... I II. Ellndulto 5 III. Los Secuestradores . . . . . .12 IV. La Tempestad 19 V. El que Siembra Recoge ..... 23 EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA 31 NOTES 35 EXERCISES 43 VOCABULARY 51 INTRODUCTION Among the Spanish novelists of a generation ago Perez Escrich was throughout his lifetime very nearly the most popular and widely read in the Iberian peninsula; and this fact has remained largely true since his death. While not a star of the first magnitude in the galaxy of Castilian literature, he has always been distinguished for the charm of his thoughts, the pure morality of his tone, his simple plots, and the power of awakening the most tender sentiments in his readers. It is recorded that not a few of his countrymen have taken up primer and speller and learned to read for the express purpose of being able to take enjoyment in perusing his works. Because of his simple yet charming style many of his writings are better adapted for school and college instruction than some of writers in the highest rank such as Valera, Galdos, Pereda, Valds, Clarin, and Senora Bazan. Enrique Pe>ez Escrich was born in 1823 in the province of Valencia, and died in 1897 at Madrid as director of the "Asilo de las Mercedes." Very curiously this author is himself almost our sole authority for his biography. In the guise of a novel, entitled ElFracAzul, he has detailed with telling exactness the bitter struggles of a young writer without political or pecuniary influence to conquer for himself a position among the dramatic writers of the Castilian capital. The somber and stern struggle for daily bread is set forth with a clearness and force which enlists the reader's unstinted sympathy. In Valencia he had already shown talent in certain promis- ing and polished literary efforts. Here, before he had fairly finished his twentieth year, tender sentiments and a sense of viii INTRODUCTION high honor suddenly placed upon him the care of an entire family in this wise. A fair young lady to whom he was paying court, and who returned his affection, was bereaved of her parents in a brief period and left in straitened circumstances with four younger brothers and sisters dependent upon her. Before the father's death Escrich had promised him to care for the whole family in case they were left orphans. He now proceeded to redeem this promise without hesitancy and married the young lady without delay. Within a year he pro- ceeded to Madrid on mule-back to make his fortune with some twelve dollars in his pockets, indulging the while in great ideas and attractive illusions. With him he carried to the capital a very classic tragedy of grewsome issue whose characters were Greeks and Romans ; also a drama of the Middle Ages with its array of knights, heralds, squires, and retinue, embellished with five-line verses, roundelays, and ballads of well-turned Castilian. There were but two or three theaters then in Madrid ; while the actors constituted themselves a sort of mutual admiration society, and were very jealous and intolerant of literary fledg- lings coming from the provinces. Now began a struggle for existence, and in the midst of it his family arrived, with no home ready for them ! In the intervals between visiting actors and theaters while endeavoring to secure the performance of his play, he wrote another drama whose expressive title was La Calle de la Amargura ("The Street of Bitterness"). Finally Ossario, a popular comic actor, was persuaded to lend his favor to the young author. But he brushed aside with a wave of the hand all the ancient Greeks and Romans, the warriors and feudal castles, exclaiming : " Man, why don't you write me a piece in one act ? " Literally in order to get the wherewithal to eat, and in the short space of one night, Escrich wrote a comic piece which was read and heartily accepted the next day, rehearsed soon after, and played with success, affording much enjoyment to the play-goers. This INTRODUCTION ix comedy is El Maestro de Baile ("The Dancing-Master"), which brought thousands of dollars to the publisher, while the poor author sold it for nine dollars. The play is yet received most favorably. Other pieces appeared later and obtained favorable recognition. Now came the Cura de Aldea (" The Village Curate "). This play was so thoroughly indigenous and so far from the beaten track of dramatic writings with their prevailing tone of perverted Parisian productions, and its power of commanding sympathy and approval so great, that it received enthusiastic reception. Just at this time our author suffered severely in health, and went into the mountains which slope towards the Mediterranean to hunt and to regain his health. In a few months' time this object was fully accomplished. One day during this stay there came to him the thought that writing plays was a matter requiring "taking the measure of the actors " if the outcome were to be acceptable, and then and there he decided to change the type of his literary work and to devote himself to writing novels. He began at once writing chapters under a tree with his dogs at his side. This first novel was El Cura de Aldea, an expansion of the play. Its success was universal in Spain and in Latin America, and many editions have been published. Its author tells us that it brought him but four hundred dollars, and the novel which followed but a small sum ; but the pathway was marked out and the future assured. His plan in writing was to choose "a simple, clear style which even children may understand; to select well-known types of which the reader may say : this one resembles so- and-so ; this other, such and such a one " (El Frac Azul p. 558, end of Chap. LX). After El Mdrtir del Golgota, ranked by many as the author's finest work, novel succeeded novel in long array. To analyze any of these lies beyond the limits of this brief sketch, the x INTRODUCTION more so when we consider Escrich's fertility. He tells us him- self that he had written thirty pieces for the stage, well received, and a considerably larger number of novels. A few titles only of the latter are given : El Corazon en la Mano, La Esposa Mdrtir, La Mujer Adultera, Las Obras de Misericordia, La Caridad Cristiana, Los Angeles de la Tierra, El Pan de los Pobres, Los Hijos de la Fe, De Tal Palo Tal Astilla. Hunting was the diversion to which Escrich was devotedly attached. So marked a trait was this that L<5pez de Ayala used to introduce our writer to his friends by this formula : " I present to you Prez Escrich, a hunter by calling, who in his idle moments writes comedies and charming novels." Numerous editions of Escrich's writings have appeared, besides translations into various languages. All of them have been issued in Portuguese under the title Biblioteca do Cura d' Aldea, and the publishers there have even gone so far as to include some volumes not written by Escrich but given the patronage of his name in order to make them acceptable. His last work was El Hermano Obregon, a sequel to La Her- mosura del Alma, The present selections are from his few short pieces. FORTUNA CAPITULO PRIMERO SENTENCIADO A MUERTE Agitando sus transparentes alas cantaban las cigarras ese himno al calor, cuyas estridentes notas tienen una prolonga- ci6n abrumadora. El sol caia de piano calcinando el bianco polvo de la carre- tera y las hojas de los temblorosos alamos, que bordeaban el 5 camino, habian suspendido su eterno movimiento adormecidas bajo el peso de una temperatura agostadora. Un perro de raza dudosa, lomo rojizo, orejas de lobo y pro- longado hocico, caminaba con el rabo caido, la mirada triste, la boca abierta y la lengua colgante. I0 De vez en cuando se detenia a la sombra de un alamo y levantaba la cabeza como si venteara ese aire humedo e imper- ceptible para los hombres, pero que al delicado olfato de la raza canina le indica la fuente o el codiciado charco donde apagar su sed. ^ Entonces, de la encendida y humeda lengua del perro caia gota a gota ese sudor interne que no encontrando paso por los cerrados poros de la piel, se exhala por la boca en abrasa- dora baba. El pobre animal parecia muy cansado, sus ijares se agitaban 20 con precipitada respiraci6n, guardando un compas fatigoso con la lengua y el empolvado hocico. 2 FORTUNA Luego emprendia de nuevo su marcha por aquel largo camino solitario y abrasado como las arenas del desierto de Paraham. Las cigarras continuaban coreando con su estridente chi- 5 rrido la via dolorosa del fatigado perro. De pronto se detuvo. Se hallaba en lo mas alto de una cuesta y a cien metros de distancia, en el fondo de un valle, se vela un pueblo. El fatigado animal pareci6 vacilar presintiendo sin duda lo 10 que le esperaba en aquel pueblo que la blanca linea de la carretera dividia en dos mitades. Por fin se resolvi6 a continuar su camino porque la sed le devoraba, y en aquel pueblo debia de haber agua. Lleg6 al pueblo cuyas desiertas calles recibian de piano ese 15 sol abrasador de un dia del mes de Julio. Las paredes de las casas, las tapias de los corrales, no pro- yectaban la menor sombra ; el reloj de la torre acababa de dar doce campanadas. En la primera casa, a la sombra de un cobertizo, se hallaba 20 una mujer lavando ; cerca de ella y sobre una zalea se veia un nino que escasamente tendria dos anos de edad. El nino jugaba con sus rotos zapatos que habia logrado quitarse de los pies. La puerta del corral estaba entornada. El perro, que sin 25 duda habia olfateado el agua, la empuj6 con el hocico. ; Tuso ! . . . le grit6 la mujer. Pero como si este grito no bastara para ahuyentar al impor- tune huesped, cogi6 una piedra y se la arroj6 con fuerza. El pobre animal esquiv6 el cuerpo lanzando un grunido 30 y ensenandole los colmillos a la mujer; luego continu6 su camino. Un poco mas abajo volvi6 a detenerse. La puerta de un corral estaba de par en par. En medio habia un pozo y una pila de piedra rebosando agua. FORTUNA 3 El perro no vi6 a nadie y se decidi6 a entrar, pero al mismo tiempo sali6 un hombre de la cuadra con un garrote en la mano. El pobre animal, adivinando que aquel segundo encuentro podia serle mas funesto que el primero, se qued6 mirando al 5 hombre con tristes y suplicantes ojos y moviendo el rabo en senal de alianza. El hombre, que sin duda tenia poco desarrollado el 6rgano de la caridad, se fue" hacia el perro con el garrote levantado. El perro, indignado ante aquel recibimiento tan poco hos- 10 pitalario, grun6 sordamente ensendndole al mismo tiempo su robusta dentadura y su encendida boca. (jEstara rabioso? se pregunt6 el hombre. Y dandose el mismo una respuesta afirmativa, le arroj6 el palo con fuerza y entr6 en la casa gritando : 15 ; Un perro rabioso ! . . . ; Mi escopeta, mi escopeta ! fiste fu6 el toque de rebate que puso en conmoci6n a todos los vecinos, porque desgraciado del perro forastero que durante la canicula entra en un pueblo en las horas del calor y se le ocurre a alguno el decir que rabia, porque desde este momento 20 queda decretada su muerte ; el arma con que debe ejecutarse la sentencia es igual, pues se emplean todas ; la escopeta, la hoz, la horquilla, el palo, la piedra ; lo primero que se halla a mano para herir; es una conjuraci6n del panico de muchos individuos que se unen acobardados por un peligro que les 25 espanta, y en estos casos hasta los mas valientes palidecen y se les oprime el coraz6n. Basta un movimiento agresivo del perro, un ligero conato de ataque para que todos huyan pronunciando alia en su interior la famosa frase de las derrotas : sdlvese el que pueda. 30 Cuando el hombre que habfa lanzado el primer grito de alar- ma salio a la calle con la escopeta, el perro se hallaba cuatro o cinco casas mas abajo, pero el hombre, sin encomendarse a Dios ni al diablo, se puso la escopeta a la cara e hizo fuego. 4 FORTUNA Afortunadamente para el pobre perro, los perdigones fueron a aplastarse en un poyo de piedra ; pero algunos de rechazo dieron en el lomo y en las ancas del animal, que Ianz6 un aullido doloroso. 5 Los vecinos salian a sus puertas, y enterandose al instante de lo que ocurria, comenzaron a dar voces y a arrojar sobre el animal, que ningun dano les habia hecho, todo lo que encon- traban a mano. El perro, azorado y medroso, huia siempre confiando su 10 salvaci6n a la ligereza de sus piernas y ansioso de hallarse lejos de aquel pueblo inhospitalario en donde hasta las piedras se volvian contra 61. Ya casi iba a conseguir su objeto, cuando vi6 cerrado el paso por un hombre que montaba un caballejo de pobre y miserable 15 estampa. Era el cuadrillero del pueblo, que desenvainando un inmenso sable de caballeria, se dispuso a cerrarle el paso mientras que la gente que seguia al perro con palos, hoces y horquillas, le gritaba : 20 j Matale, Cachucha, matale, esta rabioso ! El pobre animal mir6 a derecha e izquierda buscando una salida salvadora en aquel caso aflictivo. La gente, lanzando gritos de guerra y exterminio, le iba estrechando por ambas partes de la calle. 25 La situaci6n del perro forastero era verdaderamente angus- tiosa, las piedras llovfan sobre 61 dando muchas veces en el bianco, y el enorme sable del cuadrillero Cachucha centelleaba herido por las rayos del sol, amenazandole de muerte. Sin embargo, nadie era tan valiente que se atreviera a po- 30 nerse al alcance de los colmillos del perro, pero el hombre, en un rato de perversidad, invent6 el rayo para enviarlo hacia la victima que codicia, metido en el can6n de una escopeta. Entre los perseguidores del perro habia tres o cuatro armados con escopeta ; podian dar la muerte como unos valientes a su FORTUNA 5 enemigo desde lejos, pero nadie disparaba temerosos de herirse los unos a los otros. De vez en cuando se oia la voz del cuadrillero Cachucha que gritaba : i Cuidado con las escopetas ! . . . ; Ojo, que estoy aqui ! . . . 5 En este momenta aflictivo se abri6 una pequena puerta de la tapia de un jardin y el perro se meti6 por ella precipitada- mente. Los perseguidores del infeliz can lanzaron un grito de terror, como si hubieran visto levantarse ante ellos una de las espan- 10 tosas visiones de la Apocalipsis. Cachucha baj6 con ligereza del caballejo y corri6 hacia la casa por donde habia desaparecido el perro, agitando el sable en el aire con nerviosa mano y exclamando con toda la fuerza de sus pulmones : 1 5 j Companeros, salvemos a nuestro padre, salvemos a nuestra providencia ! Ni Napole6n en Arcola, ni Espartero en Luchana, fueron seguidos por sus soldados con mas entusiasmo que los perse- guidores del perro siguieron al heroico cuadrillero Cachucha. 20 CAPlTULO II EL INDULTO Don Salvador Bueno era el vecino mas respetable, mas sabio, mas caritativo y mas rico del pueblo. Sus sesenta anos, su cabeza blanca como la nieve, su rostro bondadoso, su afable sonrisa y su mirada serena hacian exclamar a todo el mundo : ahi va un hombre de bien, un justo. 25 Don Salvador habia viajado mucho y leido mucho con pro- vecho. Sus conocimientos eran tan generales, que su conver- saci6n resultaba siempre instructiva y amena. Veia las dpocas antiguas con la misma claridad que la presente, y al hablar de 6 FORTUNA los grandes hombres de Grecia y de Roma, parecia que hablaba de amigos intimos que acababan de morir pocos dias antes. Aquel venerable anciano era una enciclopedia siempre a 5 disposici6n de los que querian consultarla en el pueblo. For el afan de saber habia concluido tres carreras, la de abogado, la de medico y la de ingeniero, y ninguna de ellas le habia producido jamas un ce'ntimo. Don Salvador era un verdadero archive de ancdotas que 10 aplicaba siempre con gran oportunidad, sabia el par que de todas las cosas y la etimologia de todas las palabras, poseyendo ademas una multitud de recetas caseras que suministraba gratis a los enfermos pobres, dandoles medicamentos sin que el medico lo tomara a agravio, si bien es verdad que el boticario protestaba 15 en voz baja, bostezando y mirando con tristes ojos el abundante pozo de agua potable que tenia en el patio. Tampoco habian faltado penas al senor Bueno ; habia visto morir a un hijo al ano de terminar de un modo brillante la carrera de ingeniero de Caminos y Canales y a una hija a los 20 seis meses de dar a luz un hermoso nino. Don Salvador se habia quedado solo en el mundo con su nieto, que se llamaba Juanito, como su madre, y en la epoca que nos ocupa era un precioso nino de ocho anos de edad. El abuelo se habia propuesto hacer de su nieto un hombre 25 perfecto. Yo le ensenar se decia todo lo que puede ensenarse en un colegio, en el buen sentido de la palabra, porque en los colegios tambin se aprende algo malo. Procurare al mismo tiempo que educo su inteligencia en los sanos principios de la 30 moral, de la caridad y del amor al projimo, desarrollar sus fuer- zas fisicas, educar su cuerpo. Quiero que Juanito posea todas las perfecciones posibles a la criatura y decir luego si quedo satisfecho : esa es mi obra, en ella he sembrado todo lo bueno que he recogido durante mi dilatada vida. FORTUNA / Para concluir estos antecedentes, diremos que Juanito era an nino tan hermoso de cuerpo como de alma, con una inteli- gencia clarisima y un coraz6n bondadoso y caritativo. Entremos ahora en casa de don Salvador Bueno. El reloj de la iglesia acababa de dar las doce campanadas 5 del mediodia. La casa de don Salvador, situada a la salida del pueblo, tenia un espacioso jardin de seis fanegas de tierra. En el centre de un grupo de corpulentos arboles se alzaba un pabel!6n en donde pasaban durante las calurosas horas de la canicula el abuelo y 10 el nieto largos ratos, entregados unas veces a los ejercicios de la gimnasia y de la esgrima, otras a la lectura. En el momento que vamos a permitir a nuestros lectores que entren en el pabel!6n, don Salvador y Juanito se hallaban haciendo lo que en el lenguaje te"cnico de los gimnasios se 15 llaman/0/ Nos olvidabamos de decir que Juanito, su abuelo y el perro Fortuna viven todavia y viviran siempre, mientras en el san- tuario del coraz6n humano se alberguen estas dos virtudes : la i5_caridad y el agradecimiento. EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA j Vivir sin hacer nada ! . . . He" aqui la unica, la verdadera vida, la mas envidiada de las existencias, aim cuando te parezca, lector, y con razdn que te sobre, que vivir y obrar scan una misma cosa. Pero yo, que no soy muy dado a sutiles metafisi- cas y a pacienzudos analisis de las palabras, suelo encontrar en 5 ellas, en virtud de un privilegio de organizaci6n, lo contrario de lo que significan para el comun de las gentes; tengo un diccionario para mi uso particular, y asi no extranes que la vida sea para mi la muerte ; pero una muerte voluptuosa, y de la que no me cansa nunca. 10 Por eso mas de una vez, en el torbellino de la vida que me arrastra, suelo exclamar en son de amargo reproche : j Dichosos vosotros, seres privilegiados, que no veis en el dia de manana mas que un numero de horas destinadas a la hol- ganza y al regalo ! \ Mil veces dichosos ! . . . Vuestros abue- 15 los se tomaron la molestia de formaros un patrimonio que alegremente derrochais ; la sociedad os abre de par en par sus puertas, os concede cuanto apetece"is, y de placer en placer os lleva en volandas por un camino alfombrado de flores al punto mismo a que tambie'n he de llegar yo, pero a costa de 20 mil fatigas y penalidades sin cuento. El mundo os sonrie y os muestra su faz mas encantadora. Gozad, reid : vuestra es la vida, vuestro es el mundo. El hombre es naturalmente perezoso, pero es tambie'n dema- siado hipocrita para confesarselo a si mismo, cuanto menos a 25 sus semejantes. \ Desgraciado de e"! si tal no hiciera ! Vedlo, si no. Un hombre vestido pobremente y con desalino, como si dije'ramos, a la eterna negligee de la indigencia, de rostro palido, 31 32 EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA ojos hundidos, barba a medio crecer y semblante melanco* lico, se acerca por un raro caso, cansado ya de una existencia aislada y sin brillo, a un caf, a un teatro, a un paseo publico, lugares en que bulle todo lo mas rico, delicado y seductor de 5 nuestra sociedad. Si acaso el pobre hombre murmura primero una melanc61ica Iamentaci6n y luego un voto de odio y de amarga ira, le contestaran que aquel no es su sitio, que marche a mezclarse con sus iguales. Si su pasado fu mas venturoso, le diran con soberana superioridad : Ya que eres un perezoso, 10 lleva en el pecado la penitencia ; padece y sufre, ese es tu sino ; nuestra misi6n es arrojarte de nuestro lado como un harapo sucio e inutil que mancharia nuestras manos. Los que obramos de este modo cometemos un crimen. El angel de la pereza, ese espiritu invisible creado por el hombre, 15 vive eternamente en el ; y cuando roto el equilibrio del globo la humanidad lance su ultimo suspiro, morira con ella, quedando su cadaver confundido entre las cenizas del hombre. El hombre no busca jamas a la pereza, sino la pereza es la que le persigue ; y cuando cierne sus blandas y suaves alas 20 sobre una criatura, infunde en sus venas no s qu6 dulce y soporifero espiritu, que ni la fuerza de voluntad de Arist6teles bastaria a separar este elemento de los que componen su san- gre ; es una segunda alma, una segunda naturaleza que no le abandona sino con la muerte. 25 Dios al crear al hombre pens6 darle un paraiso de eterna bienandanza, no permitiendole que se ocupara en trabajo alguno improbo mientras permaneciera en estado de gratia ; pero la flaqueza de Eva bur!6 las esperanzas del Eterno, y el Eterno le arroj6 ignominiosamente del paraiso diciendole : Sufre, tra- 30 baja y llora ; paguen tus descendientes hasta la postrera gene- raci6n tu nefando pecado, y mi anatema pesara siempre sobre la infortunada raza humana. El hombre, pues, no es tan criminal como se cree ; compa- dezcamonos en buen hora de su perniciosa indolencia, si asi EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA 33 quieren calificarla sus detractores ; pero quede sentado que no es culpa suya lo de la manzana del Paraiso, ese primer germen de la pereza ; pues sin la liviandad de la concupiscente mujer, el hombre no hubiera conocido el trabajo, y por consecuencia, la pereza no se tendria por un vicio repugnante. Seguro estoy, 5 caro lector, de que al leer estos renglones exclamaras maravi- llado : He aqui un hombre que lleva su audacia hasta el punto de defender la pereza, ese moho del alma, como la llama Levis. cc Esto es incomprensible, diran con raz6n mis amigos. Os responded a todos de una vez, y para siempre, que la 10 sociedad ha impuesto penosos deberes al hombre, que pesan sobre 1 como una mala acci6n ; tiranos con el nombre de esclavos que nos dominan cuando nos hallamos solos, y lamen nuestra mano delante de la sociedad. Pero el crepusculo matinal se aproxima, dentro de poco las 15 campanillas de las burras de leche anunciaran la salida de Febo, es preciso trabajar; perdona, pues, si te sacrifice al cumpli- miento de mi palabra, regalada pereza de mi alma, pero no te ser ingrato por mucho tiempo, porque sin ti la vida no tiene encantos ni poesia, y la vida de la prosa es una taza sin cafe", 20 una copa sin ron, una petaca sin cigarros. Adi6s, regalada pereza de mi vida, defame por un momento ; pero no te alejes mucho, y la dulce esperanza de estrecharte en breve entre mis brazos hard que mi pluma corra veloz sobre el papel. 25 Tu eres la madre del amor, la criatura nace llevandote en su seno ; pero como el hombre, en el trascurso de su vida ni hace lo que desea ni dice lo que -piensa, se tortura por demos- trarte un odio que esta muy lejos de sentir, puesto que su eterno afan se reduce a poetizar con tus dulces caricias los 30 prosaicos entreactos de la comedia humana. En todo lo bello, en todo lo grande, en todo lo sublime te hallo a ti. La creaci6n seria imperfecta si tti dejaras de ser su carinosa madre. Tu te ocultas entre las blancas plumas del 34 EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA perezoso cisne cuando se desliza por las cristalinas aguas de un lago. Tii moras en la enramada de la selva umbria, en el caliz de las flores, en la plateada nube que cruza el azul del cielo, en la fuente que mana junto al csped de la pradera, en 5 el sentido canto de la t6rtola, en el ardiente beso de la mujer enamorada. Sin ti no hay vida, no hay belleza, no hay armo- nia. Tii eres el perfume embriagador de todo lo grande, el espiritu misterioso de la inmortalidad, y ... en fin, para mi mas poesia existe en un hombre sentado en su butaca con la 10 cabeza inclinada hacia atras, los ojos sonolientos, la boca abierta, lanzando un bostezo interminable, y las manos perezosamente metidas en los bolsillos, que en la rapida locomotora que rasga el viento, extendiendo por los campos su ancha cabellera de humo, y que despierta con sus penetrantes silbidos el tranquilo 15 sueno de los pastores y las ovejas. En una palabra, <;quieres saber, querido lector, por qu el hombre no ha encontrado todavia el movimiento continuo? Porque la pereza se opone a ello. <;Quieres saber por qu es- cribo yo este articulo? Pues te lo dir muy bajito, si me ofre- 20 ces no llamarme inmoral, pues lo escribo porque estoy viendo a travel de los cristales de mi alcoba, sonrindose y exten- diendo hacia mi sus voluptuosos brazos, a mi mas tierna com- panera, a mi inseparable amiga la pereza, que me dice con su voz dulce como una melodia de Bellini : Arroja la pluma . . . 25 Ven : sin mi la felicidad no existe en la tierra. NOTES PAGE v Agradecido : past participle in form but with the meaning of an adjective. A number of like cases occur. 1 11 se detenia : verbs intransitive in English are often represented in Spanish by the reflexive form, this form expressing an act as done by the actor to or for himself. 2 3 Paraham : Spanish orthography of Paran, a desert lying between that of Sinai and Canaan with the wilderness of Shur (or Etham) on the west. 5 la via dolorosa : an allusion to the road to Calvary. See S. John 19; 17. 6, 19 Se hallaba : kallarse is often used as a semi- auxiliary nearly equivalent to estar. 8 se veia: in general statements the Spanish uses the reflexive form where English employs the passive voice without expressing the agent. 13 debia haber : impersonal use of kaber\ ' there must be.' 17 acababa de : ' had just.' See the vocabulary at acabar. 18 campanadas : the suffix -ada denotes a stroke or thrust. 21 tendria dos afios : one of the common instances where to be with an adjective, in English, is represented in Spanish by tener with a noun. 28 al . . . huesped ; 3 1 a nadie : a is a grammatical device for pointing out the personal direct object or personal accusative. 32 volvi6 a dete- nerse: 'he halted again.' See volver a in vocabulary. 3 13 Estara : ' can he be ? ' An idiomatic use of the future tense. 18 desgraciado del: in exclamatory phrases an adjective is connected by de with a following noun or pronoun. 20 el decir : our verbal noun in -ing is represented in Spanish by- the infinitive, generally with el. 21 queda : compare note on se hallaba, 2 6. 4 26-27 dando en el bianco : ' hitting the mark.' Blanco, as a noun, means a mark to aim at. 5 9 can : quaint or archaic for perro. 18 Arcola : a village in north- eastern Italy where Napoleon obtained a victory over the Austrians, November 15-17, 1796. Espartero: Baldomero Espartero was a cele- brated Spanish general (1792-1879) who overcame the Carlists. After two futile attacks in preceding years, the Carlists laid siege to Bilbao in October, 1836. The famous battle of Luchana (December 24, 1836) definitely ended this siege. 29 al hablar : the infinitive preceded by al 35 36 FORTUNA forms time-clauses rendered by when, as, with a finite verb, or by on with a participle. 6 4-5 a disposici6n: in certain phrases of an adverbial or prepositional character the article is omitted, as here. 13-14 sin que tomara : after various conjunctions the subjunctive is used when the idea of the sub- ordinate clause implies exception, contingency, or uncertainty. 16 pozo de agua potable : this phrase implies that the apothecary diluted his drugs in dispensing ; a literal case of " watered stock." 22 Juanita : = " Jenny." como su madre. This means that his mother was called Juanita. 28 se aprende : ' one learns.' Compare German man and French on. 28, 30 Pro- curare desarrollar : procurar is one of about forty verbs which govern the infinitive directly without a connecting preposition. Such verbs chiefly indicate desire, effort, hope, fitness, need, and duty. 33 todo lo bueno : the neuter todo may stand alone in a sentence only as an adverb ; otherwise it requires lo or some other appositive to be expressed. 7 4 en casa: see note to p. 6 1. 5. 14 que entren : the subjunctive is employed after verbs expressing permission, approval, disposition, pref- erence. 15-16 haciendo . . . poleas: 'pulling the hanging weights.' 26 No estoy cansado : cansado is one of the words which differ in meaning according as it is construed with estar or ser : ser cansado means ' to be tiresome.' 32-33 antes de comer : ' before eating.' The infinitive as a verbal noun stands after all prepositions. 82 duermes: the present tense used where we should naturally expect the imperative. 10 Ser : ' I suppose it is ' ; 'it must be.' An idiomatic use of the future tense to express presumption or probability. 14 abuelito: 'grandpa (dear).' -ito is a diminutive suffix expressive of endearment. 31 f u6 : ' went.' The a following shows that fue is the preterit of ir, a verb of motion or direction being followed by the infinitive with a. en donde : donde has its meaning made specific by the prepositions a, de, en, or for. 33 Antes que dieran : here is one of the conjunctions after which the subjunctive is employed in sentences expressing possibility, uncertainty, and indefinite future time. 9 4 por encima de : por seems to us pleonastic. See note p. 13 1. 16. 22 arrodillado : Spanish often uses a past participle where English employs a present one. 10 4 de : ' by ' ; de is the proper complement of the verb seguir in the passive. In the next line de has a quite different value, ' in.' 7 propio de : here de equals ' to ' in English. 8 de que : que is preceded by the prepositions a, de, en, according to the construction natural to the clause in which it stands. 11 que esta, 12 que voy : que equals porque, ' for.' 17 si que : ' indeed.' Si may be emphasized by adding que or tal, or by its NOTES 37 position. K. 602. 18 dabas : imperfect indicative in apodosis replacing the conditional ; ' would be afraid of.' It is a colloquial usage. 18-19 eso que : que stands here for aunque, a rare use. 20 Vamos : a contraction of vayamos, an imperative used as an interjection ; 'come now.' 25 Veras lo que tiene : ' you shall see what is the matter with him.' The phrase to be the matter with is rendered in Spanish by the verb tener. 30 Calla : another imperative not used here in the sense of the verb but merely as an exclamation ; ' great Scott ! ' es verdad : ' it 's a fact.' 1 1 3 Senor don : formal and respectful address. 13 que sed tenfa : ' how thirsty he was." See note to p. 2 1. 21. puede : ellipsis for puede ser, ' may be.' tenga: when the principal clause contains a term which denies, doubts, or questions the assertion contained in the dependent clause, the subjunctive mode is found in the latter. 22 de que : see note to p. 10 1. 8. se lo : 'it of him.' 12 1 Cuatro dias : it is not to be assumed that the author means exactly four days. Cuatro and tres are frequently used to designate some indefinite small number ; ' a few.' desconocido : not ' unknown ' here, but ' hardly recognizable.' Pereda uses it in the same sense. 3 ayudado de : compare old English ' holpen of.' 9 lo mas hermoso : 'the handsomest (feature).' 13 fueron a ver: see note to p. 8 1. 31. 13-14 rodeada de : de, not per, is the proper complement of rodear. 16-19 : note the difference in the value and force of the imperfect llevaba ' used to carry,' and the preterits or aorists se sentaron and regresaron denoting a specific instance. 20 ecb.6 de menos : an idiom. See echar in the vocabulary. 21 me he dejado : me is the ethical dative and not to be translated. 30 hubiera sentido mucho el perderle : ' I should have been very sorry to lose it ' (literally, ' should have much felt the losing it'). 13 7 A los ocb.0 dlas : ' in a week's time.' In familiar language echo dias is employed in preference to semana. 16 por encima del : encima de is used with a verb of rest, por encima with a verb of motion. 20 apoya- das: 'resting.' See note to p. 9 1. 22. 22 laamericana: so called because introduced into Spain from Cuba, whither it had come from the United States. 25 iba presentando : the progressive form is sometimes expressed by ir instead of estar. 26 perro sabio : ' a [knowing, that is] trained dog.' 27 habria sido : ' had probably been ' or ' must have been.' The conditional is used idiomatically for the past, like the future indicative for the present, to express an uncertain or merely probable statement. 28-29 se les pasaban grandes ganas : ' they had a strong desire.' 33 Asi las cosas : ' so matters stood when.' 14 2 consultation ' consult him upon.' Observe that English employs a preposition as a complement of this verb while Spanish does not. 38 FORTUNA Such cases are not infrequent. 13 se miraron: se is here reciprocal, ' each other.' 16 un nino o una nina : 'a child': the English, being unin- flected, will stand for either sex. 21 encubierta de: de is the proper complement of cubrir and its compounds (except in a few cases where con is admissible). 25 dejando ver : ' letting (one) see.' Here is an instance of a construction common in Spanish, that of using the active voice where we would use the passive. 31 palmada : ' tap ' or ' pat of the hand.' The affix -ada denotes a stroke, but usually with a cutting instru- ment. 33 sigui6 : ' went on.' Seguir is one of the verbs which may replace estar in the progressive form. 15 1 Que tienes : see note to p. 10 1. 25. 3 que . . . tan grande : how great a ..." 7 que encuentre : the subjunctive is used in relative sentences when the relative pronoun refers to persons, things, and ideas that are unknown or are mentioned in general indefinite sense. 9 de- jandose llevar: ' letting himself be carried away.' Compare note top. 14 1. 25. 12 Pero si : si is redundant here, tenerse en pie : ' to stand on his feet.' Spanish has no single equivalent for the English verb stand. In this instance an educated speaker would have used sostenerse en pie. 13 se le pudiera dar: 'there could be given him.' 22 que te calles : 'to shut up,' ' to keep mum.' The subjunctive is used in a dependent clause after verbs expressive of a command, direction, caution, wish, entreaty, preference, concession, permission. 16 12-13 de un brinco se puso en pi6 : ' with one bound stood upright.' 21 haci6ndola presa : ' holding her fast.' 26-27 me he de comer : ' I am bound to eat,' ' will eat.' Haber de denotes design or intention with reference to the future. 30 de dos canones : de often connects words which are to be translated by compound expressions or by an adjective and a noun. The hyphen is seldom seen in Spanish texts. 32 Vamos a ver : a more emphatic expression than veamos. no hay que : ' there is no need of.' Haber que expresses necessity or obligation. 173 haremos de: 'shall we do with.' 3-4 tenia sujeta: 'held fast.' Note the difference between the uses of haber and tener: e.g. tenia sujeta is not the equivalent of habia sujetado. While tener has a use which may at times be fairly called that of an auxiliary, it has here an independent force. In either case the participle used with tener is declined for num- ber and gender. 6 dejarla para que vaya : the subjunctive is used after a verb of permission. See note on te calles, 15 22. 10 ad6nde : is used properly only with verbs of motion, and so means ' whither.' It shows the illiterate speech of the girl, who should have said either i donde estard ? or ,; addnde habrd ido ? 13 las pagara : ' he shall pay up for it.' Las is often used elliptically for such things as are suggested by the clause NOTES 39 in which it stands. 17 secuestradores : a modern use of the word, from secuestrar, 'to hold for ransom.' 19 que cumpla: ' let him fulfill.' 27 de rodillas : ' on her knees.' This and de espaldas, next page, are conventional or stereotyped phrases from which the definite article is omitted. 34 llo- raba : = estaba llorando, illustrating the use of the imperfect tense to indi- cate that one action was taking place when another supervened. The pro- gressive form may also be employed in Spanish and must be in English. 18 10 Callaras: 'shut up,' (literally 'you'll keep still'); an instance of using the future tense in place of the imperative mode. 10-11 alborotarnos el cotarro : ' to make the deuce of a racket.' 19 los hombres : whether it means the brigands or men in general, hombres would be accompanied by the definite article. 32 aullido : 'howling.' The words are akin. The author here employed the old spelling akullido, now disallowed. 194 comopudo: ' as (best) she could'; an elliptical expression. 7 ecb.6 a correr : echar a with a following infinitive commonly means ' to start to,' ' to set to.' 15 del que teme : ' of [him] one who fears,' del que being the genitive case of the relative pronoun el que. 15-16 se . . . acaben: 'will give out.' 20 Al ver a Polonia amordazada : ' on seeing Polonia gagged ' ; another time-clause with al. See note to p. 5 1. 29. 21-22 lo . . . todo: todo requires the lo, redundant in English. See note to p. 6 1. 33. 20 1 la pareja de la guardia civil: the "civil guard" of Spain is a body of special police charged with the duty of guarding highways and railways and of preserving order in towns. They patrol in couples and are quite feared by the rabble. 9 hubieras hecho caso : ' hadst taken heed.' 17 se les antoja: 'they take the notion' (or 'whim'). Antojarse takes a person as indirect object, the person becoming the subject in English. 20 a los secuestrados : ' those held for ransom.' Cf. note to p. 17 1. 17. 29 habran dado: 'must have given.' See note to p. 8 1. 10. con tal de que no tenga : compare note to p. 8 1. 33. 2 1 2 Si : si, ' if,' is often employed adverbially to mean ' why ' expressive of surprise or wonder; or it may be expletive, as at p. 15 1. 12. 3 Que no la encuentras : que may be considered as expletive here ; but there is really an ellipsis of dices or something equivalent. ' [You say that] you can't find it ! ' 10 habra cafdo : ' must have fallen.' The graphic accent on the weak vowel i shows to the eye that it forms no diphthong with the strong vowel a. 16 el farol de la cuadra : ' the stable-lantern.' Cf . note to p. 15 1. 30. 17 vamos andando : ' let us go along.' Ir signifies ' to go,' the aim or limit being generally named ; andar is ' to go,' ' to walk,' with no definite aim ; hence used of animals, machinery, etc. Here, idiomatically, we have both verbs together, where vamos may be con- sidered a quasi-auxiliary. 40 FORTUNA 22 10 Qu6 lastima : the indefinite article is omitted in exclamations after que: 'what a pity!' 12 orientarnos : 'to give us our bearings.' 14 Toma : an exclamation, though an imperative in its form and origin. 23 le hablan arrebatado : ' had snatched away from him.' 23 6 oficiado : ' reported ' (an unusual signification). 10 que sera de : 'what will become of.' 11 cuando ese plazo se cumpla : 'when that set term shall be fulfilled.' 20 a no ser : ' if it were not.' The preposition a, preceding the infinitive without the article, often replaces the protasis of a conditional sentence. 24 6 eres tii : 'it is thou.' Such expressions in Castilian are given by the regular inflection of the verb to be with its subject pronoun. 13 haya concedido : see note to p. 11 1. 13. 14-15 bendito sea : bendito is an old irregular participle of bendecir, now used almost solely as an adjective. 17 dar voces: 'to cry aloud,' 'to shout.' 18-19 Que aparejen, que llamen : ' let them ' etc. See note to p. 17 1. 19. 25 7 cesaba de ladrar: the infinitive is governed by de with verbs sig- nifying 'to cease,' 'to remember or forget to,' 'to try to,' and some others. 10-11 que Dios DOS ayude: 'may God assist us.' 13 tom6 a la derecha: 'took the (road) to the right,' 'turned to the right.' 28 monte : this word means both thicket and mountain (upland). As they climbed for two hours before reaching the mountain (montana), ' thicket ' is here preferable. Monte is a mount or single peak ; montana, a series of such, a mountain range. 26 3 en una . . . chapafrales : ' on a table-land covered with thick undergrowth.' Meseta is a diminutive of mesa. " Chaparral," as denot- ing low, shrubby growth, is a word in common use in California and Arizona at this day. 273 apuntado: 'noted,' 'set down' (as a hard character). 5 dc centinela: 'as a sentry.' 7 le haces f uego : 'you fire at him.' Present instead of either future or imperative. 8 por si : por is redundant from the English standpoint. 17, 19 El guardia, la guardia: here is an instance of a noun having two genders with a different meaning for each. 20 Alia va, alia va : ' coming, coming.' Spaniards always use the verb ir in this expression where venir would seem more natural to one speaking English. 26 Tendria : ' she might be,' ' was probably.' See note to p. 13 1. 27. 28 4 Pues aunque tuviera : there is here an ellipsis ; ' Well, (I don't know ; or, I could not surmise), even if I had ' etc. 6 adonde : see note to p. 17 1. 10. 7 si : see note to p. 21 1. 2. 31 Todo se andara : ' everything will [march on, that is] be done.' NOTES 41 29 3 boquete: diminutive of boca. The letters qu form a device to preserve the hard sound of c before the strong vowel e. 15 que vengas : the subjunctive is used in dependent clauses after verbs denoting emo- tions such as joy, grief, regret, surprise, vexation. 23 abrazado : our idiom requires the present participle. See note to p. 9 1. 22. 302 echando las campanas al vuelo : 'setting the bells a-jingling.' 6 mand6 hacer : (commanded to make =) 'had made.' 8 se leia : 'one read,' ' there was read.' 13-14 mientras . . . se alberguen : mientras is one of certain conjunctions after which the subjunctive is employed in sen- tences expressing possibility, uncertainty, and indefinite future time. EL PLACER DE NO HACER NADA 31 5 analisis : observe the uninflected form of the plural. It occurs only in a few nouns of foreign origin. 13 rosotros : less formal and more sympathetic than ustedes. 16 formaros : os is dative, or indirect object form, of vos and vosotros. In the next two lines it is also dative, except before lleva where it is accusative. 26 Desgraciado de el : see note to p. 3 1. 18. 32 . sino : from Latin signum, an astrological sign. 13 Los que : ' we who.' Nosotros, the antecedent of the relative los que, as shown by the verb, is not expressed, as not required for emphasis. 16 lance : present subjunctive of lanzar after cuando. Roto is absolute construction of the past participle. 22 bastaria a: bastar usually governs the infinitive without a connecting preposition. The prepositions a and para are officially allowed, however, after bastar. 25 al crear al hombre : note the two different uses of a ; forming a time-clause and marking the personal object. 30 paguen : imperative of the third person ; ' let,' etc. So with quede, 33 I. 33 2 lo de la manzana : ' the affair of the apple.' The neuter lo is used idiomatically to express the matter, affair, or question. 8 Levis (Pierre Gaston, duke of) : a member of the French Academy ; died in 1830. 16 campanulas de las bunas de leche : goats, cows, and she-asses (wearing bells)were in Spain driven from door to door and milked on the spot for the customer in the early morning. 34 5 sentido canto : ' expressive song.' 24 Bellini : composer of the operas La Sonnambula and Norma. EXERCISES These exercises are to be rendered into Spanish after a careful perusal of the respective pages cited, but without referring to the vocabulary I (p. I) I. From time to time the harvest-flies in the aspens were chant- ing their screeching notes. 2. The heat of the sun, which fell with full force, put to sleep the leaves of the poplars. 3. The tired dog stopped at a pool to [para] quench his thirst. 4. His fiery tongue kept up a wearisome rhythm with his hurried breathing. H (P. 2) i. The desert sands were scorched. 2. The tired animal saw a town about one hundred meters off. 3. He seemed to forecast what was awaiting him. 4. The tower clock has just struck twelve. 5 . Shoo ! shouted the child to the poor dog. 6. There must be water in that yard. 7. Further down the poor dog stopped again. 8. The scorching July sun did not cast the least shadow on the earthen walls of the yard. 9. The child succeeds in taking off his torn shoes. in (p- 3) i. The dog did not see the man who came out with a stick. 2. A second encounter might be more direful than the first. 3. A mad dog threw all the neighbors into commotion. 4. The sentence of death is decreed. 5. The man put the gun to his face and fired away. 6. Cowed by the danger, the neighbors join together. 7. The sentence must be executed. 43 44 FORTUNA IV (p. 4) . Some shot on the rebound struck the dog's hindquarters. 2. A case where even the stones turned against the dog. 3. The folks were hemming in the poor animal on the right and on the left. 4. The enormous saber glittering in the rays of the sun was threatening the strange dog with death. 5. No one made bold to put himself within range of the dog's teeth. 6. There were three or four shotguns among the pursuers. V (pp. 5-6) I. Before one of them a frightful vision arose. 2. With a nerv- ous hand he waved the saber on high. 3. Take care ! for I am here. 4. There goes Don Salvador, an upright man. 5. He was speaking of an intimate friend who had just died a few days before. 6. He used to furnish, without pay, medicines to the sick poor without the doctor's taking it as an affront. 7. The grand- father used to say that something bad is likewise learned in colleges. 8. I want Johnny to possess every possible perfection. VI (pp. 7-8) I. We are going to permit our reader in a moment to enter into the summer-house. 2. Do you wish to keep on until Polonia calls us for dinner? 3. It must be some hunter who [I suppose] has discharged his gun. 4. Johnny drew the Venetian-shutter of a window and peered out. 5. Athanasius, go and [a] see what is happening in the street. 6. On opening the wicket he fell back- wards against the mud-wall. 7. The dog at the same time took refuge under the sofa. 8. Cachucha entered the garden before his grandson could [pudiera] take account of what was happening. 9. The boisterous torrent went on overflowing its banks. EXERCISES 45 vn (pp. 9-n) i . Don Salvador believed at first that he had not seen the dog pass by. 2. The dog gazed-at Johnny as if he wished to tell him : " Don't be afraid, child ; neither traitors nor ingrates have ever been known in my family." 3. That animal, with open mouth and tongue hanging out, was covered with blood and dust. 4. The dog, sure that he had found a defender, drew nearer the child. 5. Young-master, withdraw and don't touch that dog, for he is mad. 6. Pshaw ! thou, Cachucha, indeed art mad. 7. You would surely be afraid of yourself if you should see your face in the mirror. 8. Cachucha shall see what ails the dog. 9. I entreat you, sir, to pardon us for the scare which we have given you. 10. Poor fellow, how thirsty and hungry he was. 1 1 . What can his name be, grandpa ? vm (pp. 12-13) i. Four days later, Fortuna might present himself anywhere without his master's becoming ashamed. 2. The grandfather missed the book which he always used to carry. 3. I should be quite sorry to lose my valuable copy of the Book of Job, para- phrased in verse. 4. The week of Johnny's birth his grandfather had planted a vineyard surrounded by almond-trees. 5. This vineyard grandfather and grandson went to see. 6. [By] raising his head Fortuna had not even dampened the book which he carried in his mouth. 7. The dog commenced to bark with great glee, not for the offered friendly-gift, but because he began to be useful to his master. 8. The dog used to sleep at the foot of Johnny's bed, and the two were the best friends in the world. 9. Fortuna again leaped over the cane neatly ; then he rested his fore-legs on the ground. 10. Presently he drew a handkerchief from the pocket of the grandfather's sack-coat and then stood on his hind feet. II. The grandfather, as well as the grandson, had a great desire to know the origin of the dog's accomplishments. 46 FORTUNA IX (pp. 14-15) i. The secretary of the town-council had remained at home and Don Salvador had gone to consult him on an important matter. 2. Polonia and the dog Fortuna looked at each other. 3. Yes, the child must be very near. 4. The dress of the poor girl, who went barefoot, scarcely reached her knees. 5. Johnny said to the beggar girl, " Keep still," at the same time giving her a pat on the head. 6. " What is the matter with the poor child ? " asked Johnny. 7. We may not always let ourselves be carried away by the impulses of our hearts. 8. Why, but I lack strength enough to stand upright. 9. Johnny will go on a run to bring what we need. 10. Johnny said to Fortuna, " I told you to keep still." n. The bed of the gully used to be at the right hand of the slope. X (pp. 16-17) i. At one bound the panther seized the beggar girl by the neck. 2. Rushing upon the beggar, the dog held her fast by one leg. 3. Let us see if the confounded dog will keep still. 4. The brig- ands carried double-barreled shotguns in their hands. 5. The other man, he who held Johnny fast, said : " There is no need to cry out so much." 6. The chief of the malefactors said : " Tie her hands behind her back and let her go-away [se vaya]." 7. Tell Don Salvador that we are carrying off Johnny, his grandson. XI (pp. 18-19) i . Let us see if the canary will shut his bill. 2. The chief mounted a pony, and, putting an arm around Johnny's waist, said, " March on, and quickly." 3. The dog gave a smothered yowl and set off on the full run. 4. It seemed that he was sniffing a hot trail. 5. It was night-time ; the sky had grown overcast and the waves of the sea were dashing against the rocks. 6. Polonia fears that her powers will give out before reaching the longed-for spot. 7. She EXERCISES 47 rises as best she can and commences to climb the slope. 8. When the secretary saw Polonia with her hands tied behind her back he took away the binding-cords. 9. She could only say " They have stolen him away from me !" and then she fainted away again. XII (pp. 20-21) i. The old man exclaimed, "Ah, if you had paid heed to the dog's growls ! " 2. If they take it into their heads to ask it of me, I will give them three thousand dollars, and in exchange they will restore him to me. 3. The nurse had to sit down ; she was suffocat- ing and asked-for a glass of water. 4. Oh, how great a fright, child of my heart! 5. Why, I can't find that letter, sir ! 6. " Then it must have fallen into the gully ! " exclaimed the grandfather. 7. While one of them was applying the gag to me, another was tying my hands. 8. Athanasius, seize the stable lantern and let us be going. 9. A flash of lightning dazzled the citizens who went out into the street. 10. No one paid heed to the summer rain which was falling. XIII (pp. 22-23) i . Cachucha halted, peered forth, and said, " What a pity ! " 2. We have lost the tracks of the dog which might have given us our bearings. 3. The civil guard had given notice of what had occurred to two towns near by. 4. What will become of me when the time for delivering the money shall expire ? 5. Were it not for a nervous twitching one would have taken the poor grandfather foj a lifeless-body. 6. When the door opened, Fortuna, covered with mire, peered forth. His flanks were drawn in until they marked out his ribs. XIV (pp. 24-25) i. That dog's grateful tongue commenced to lick the old man's hands. 2. What does it matter that nature has not granted us that gift ? 3. Let them summon every one who may be willing to follow 48 FORTUNA me. 4. On his way towards the door the dog stopped. 5. Mean- time Macario had taken down from the gun-rack a single-barreled fowling-piece. 6. The master believed that grief had turned his servant crazy. 7. Macario, saddle my pony in a hurry. 8. March on, lead me to where Polonia is, and may God aid us. 9. Four servants of the house went in front on foot. 10. Nobody doubted that that intelligent dog would lead them to where Johnny was. 11. Instead of going down to the ravine, the path turned sharply to the left. 12. We shall reach the crest of the mountain after three hours of climbing. 13. The moon in its last quarter lighted- up everything. XV (pp. 26-27) I. In the distance one seemed to discern a valley strewn with thick-topped holm-oaks. 2. The dog continued jqgging-on half sidewise. 3. After putting-up-with four hours of uninterrupted march over a hard road, the excursionists began to lose patience. 4. We found here and there groups of scrub-oaks, ash-trees, and black-poplars. 5. The dog, with much wariness, dragged him- self along the ground, and, reaching the door, set-up a whine. 6. Not the least doubt remained that Johnny had been in that house. 7. We have just crossed a table-land dotted-over with clumps-of-scrub-oaks and thick blackberry bushes. 8. In a very low tone he said, " This man has been in state's-prison." 9. Down on the ground, everybody. 10. If the sentry sees any-one jumping over the earth-wall because he wants to escape, he will fire away at him. n. If there is need, have the lantern ready, Athanasius. 12. "We are coming," replied a feminine voice. 13. The tall, slender woman was perhaps forty years of age. 14. Knitting her brow she drew back a step, saying, " What is this ? " XVI (pp. 28-30) i. Tell us where we shall find the child. 2. Making a grimace, the keeper's-wife exclaimed, " Well, I have never had children ! " 3. Go to ! what a brave exploit ! 4. There was nothing in the chest. 5. Near that spot the dog kept on scratching. 6. Seizing EXERCISES 49 him by the arm, I stopped a guardsman. 7. Everything will be duly done, Macario. 8. The dog dashed through the slippery narrow-mouth of the cave. 9. The gardener will lift the trapdoor and this woman will take away the iron ring. 10. How grateful I am to you, Fortuna, that you are coming to see me. 1 1 . Sud- denly a dog's voice was heard barking in a cave far away. 1 2. The dog, whining dolefully, was licking Johnny's face. 13. Johnny was upon a bed of sedge and hugging the dog Fortuna. 14. All except the keeper's wife gazed-at the grandfather and grandson. 15. She was weeping because the doors of a state's-prison were going to be opened for her and for her husband. 16. The town set the bells a-jingling when they received the excursionists with the boy. 17. The grandfather had an oil portrait made. 18. This inscrip- tion was read at the foot : " He who sows, reaps." 19. Let charity and gratitude find lodging in the human heart. VOCABULARY ABBREVIATIONS adv. adverb //. plural aug. augmentative //. past participle com. common gender prep, preposition dim. diminutive pron. pronoun /. feminine (noun) pr. ft. proper name impcr. imperative vr. reflexive verb inf. infinitive G. Garner's Spanish Grammar irr. irregular K. Knapp's Spanish Grammar m. masculine (noun) R. Ramsay's Spanish Textbook NOTE CA, //, and n, being separate letters, stand after c, /, and . Verbal forms so irregular as not to be readily traceable to their infini- tives are indexed. In searching for the infinitives of irregular forms observe that 1. Forms in ue and are to be looked for under o ; p^de, pwdo, from pnte, smtieron, from s