D n nos u ■J' 9 b 1 LLI 9 3RAF 4 YFA 1 CIL 9 TY fornia lal « o CASSANDRA TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL GREEK OF LYCOPHRON AND ILLUSTRATED WITH NOTES BY r-LO^Ufl. ^oTi ^jLfi afjL^i o-ij atotati ra>vXiT>' AESCHYL. AGAM. V. 1158. ^ CAMBRIDGE PRINTED BY R. WATTS AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. M DCCC VI. III. RELATES THE WARS BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA. . EXPEDITIONS FROM ASIA. I. Phoenician:) bear of lo. i. Laomedon to Thrace. C Tyrrhenus C Lydus D. Paris to S])arta. E. Midas to Crete. F. Xer.xes. to Itals-. 2. EXPEDITIONS FROM EUROPE. a. Cretans bear off Europa. b. Argonauts. c. Tlieseus. d. Hercules. e. Agamemnon to Troy. /'. Orestes to Tauris. 0-. Xeleus to Miletus. h. The Dorians. ;'. xVle.^ander the Great, a. who restores peace by con- quering both Greeks and Asiatics. S. The remaining Prophecy probably alludes to the destruction of the Ma- cedonian Empire by Paulus iEmilius. 7. Conclusion of the Speech of Cassandra. k:i;>- SYNOPSIS OF PEECH OF CASSANDRA, WHO II. LAMENTS THE MISFORTUNES 2. OF THE GREEKS BEFORE RETURN. j ^^. Some perish : A. Ajax, B. Phoenix, (■Calchas, €.-•: Idomeneus, ( Sthenelus, C Mopsus, D.< ( Amphilochus. b. c. d. e. /■■ S- h. ^. Some wander : " Teucer, Agapenor. a. Ancaeus killed by a boar. Acamas, aa. who had a son by Laodice. bb. iEchra borne off by the Dioscuri. cc. Digressions to Castor and Pollux, Pro- tesilaus, Idas and Lynceus, Anius and his daughters. Praxander, . Cepheus, Diomede, Boeotians, Ulysses, Menelaus, Guneus, Prothous, Eurypylus, Philoctetes, Epeus. a. Some of the Trojans to Sicily. B- Sorne to Siris and Leutamia. Greeks to the Tullesian Hills. a. Digression to Clete the Amazon, Pen- thesilea, and Ther- 3. OF THE GREEKS AFTER RETURN. A. Agamemnon, a. who is deceived by Nauplius, 0. murdered by Clytemnestra, y. revenged by Orestes, J. adored after death, oui. Digression to the worship paid to Cassandra by vir- gins. B. Locrians, who send two virgins annu- ally to Troy. K. Digression to the trans- formation of Hecuba. 2. Translation of Hector to EUysium. ridomeneus, -^Meda, CClisithera. aa. Digression to the origin and universality of the Roman Empire. bb. Wanderings of ^neeis. ec. Founding of Rome. THE I. LAMENTS THE DESTRUCTION OF TllOY. I. BY HERCULES, A. who rescued Hesione, B. murdered his children, c. wounded Juno, D. wrestled with Jupiter, E. slew Scylla, F. died poisoned by the blood of Nessus. 2. IIY TIILi fJllliUKs, wlio jiholl l)riiig to Troy, »• Ncoptolcimu, 0. Anlici of I'elup,^ r- Arrow* of IIgr«ul«i receive aid from Oinona, <"'■ will) nlmll teg I'ttfi, plcroqd by 1>|,1. loclotcn, lih. il.row liorMlf iVu,,, II towtir 1 destroy the tomb of Diir-iuii,,,, -•• who cm„o |.^,,,,^ *^'iin• '•deprived of her by Prot. ""• wl'" came from Thj '" '^uypt, '<'• expelled Parii: *■ '"I'T-.. witbout Helen, "•■ *''» hod five hu»bai '• Tbc»euii, ''*• Mcnclum, K. Digretiions t cerning Pel CEnomaui, Myrtilus : ^- Purl,, *• Dciphobui, ^- Acbillet, 'It- Peleui obi from Ju] the metai pboiis of into an ai • fouw, tiio Grccki, K. who locrifice Iphig. 3. bind themtelvei b; oath, J. con4ucr Troy. II "irlor, 0. Tfoilu,, "■■ ''"lyxpiju, '■ ll.<„i,„, '»• IVmifi, PREFACE. Lycophron, to whom tlys Poem has generally been ascribed, was the son of Socleus the grammarian, and born at Chalcis in Euboea. He was the author of many tragedies, of which nothing has reached us but the names ; and of several satirical and critical compositions, of which a few fragments are quoted by Athenaeus. These productions caused him to be held in such estimation at the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus, that he was one of the Seven Poets who were honoured with the title of The Pleiades. Though for this distinction he was probably not a little indebted to the flatter- ing anagrams which he composed on the names of his royal patron and the queen Arsinoe, deriving the one oiyro ^b^nog, " from honey," and saying of the other, that she was '^lov "U^ocg, " a violet of Juno." These are almost the only particulars of his life which are related by Suidas ; and we are left to collect from two verses of Ovid that his death was occasioned by an arrow : Utque cothurnatum periisse Lycophrona narrant, Haereat in fibris fixa sagitta tuis. Ovid. Ibis. vi PREFACE. There is however internal evidence in the Poem (see verse 1226) which seems to prove that the Prophecies of Cassandra are not indebted for their origin to Lycophron of Chalcis*; for till Greece became a Roman province, it is by no means probable that the national vanity of a Greek would have allowed him to mention any nation but his owti as above all others celebrated in war : A*%^aif TO TrouTOAttov upayres (rTt(pog and afterwards, still less can we suppose that one whose recorded flatteries have been noticed above would have thus insisted on their pre-eminence in the court of a powerful sovereign, a successor of Alexander the Great. But the question does not rest solely on hypothesis ; for the passage, in which universal empire is attributed to the descendants of Romulus and Remus, seems to be completely decisive "j": xXeof Miyia-Tov a.u2,'riJyrTt' PREFACE. Vll It was not however in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus that the Romans could be said to have obtained the sole power and dominion over the earth and sea. On the contrary, that prince had already sat upon the throne of Egypt for five and twenty years, when Duillius engaged the Carthaginians in the four hundred and ninety- fourth year of the city, and,^r5^ of all the Roman commanders, was honoured with a naval triumph. Nor was it till after the succession of Euergetes that Hamilcar caused his son Hannibal to swear upon the altar eternal enmity to Rome ; at which period so far was the empire from being consolidated, that it was still destined to see a victorious army lay waste it's territories, and to contend not for glory, but. for existence. These considerations induce us to refuse to this Poem that antiquity which it claims*: and as we learn from the eighth book of the Chiliads of Tzetzes that there were several grammarians of the name of Lycophron, it is possible that a similarity in that particular may have caused the author of " Cassandra " to be confounded vidth the poet of Chalcis -j". This supposition allows us to search into times more modem than those of Ptolemy for the interpretation of an obscure prophecy near the close of the monodram : and if that interpretation be NOTES. * These considerations are strengthened by the lonisms which occur in the Poem, which were scattered with a sparing hand by the tragic poets in their Iambic verse, and which would probably not have been introduced so frequently by Lyco- phron of Chalcis. We find Mou>!tou, which is an XoDlsm for Movjtoi;. MoviTo; 'la/mtZ^ fMtra Tou v x^o^i'^d • Ai;»oip{».' Eustath. It cannot however be denied that the Tragedians used li'iof, ^ov«a,-, ywtara, xou^o^* (Vide Person. Praefat. Eurip. Hecub.) we find the augment not unfrequently rejected, a licence which Professor Porson declares to be contrary to the rules of 'the Attic dialect, and the practice of the Tra- gedians. "I* Kai iTl^ol AfXo'^^OFf; cat riin ouro^tn. Chiliad, lib. Vni. hisL JO*. viii PREFACE. correct, the passage in question must have been written subsequently to the hundred and fifty-second OljTnpiad.- The passage is as follows : XaXaoa«roj XewK ***** Er? Tij waXaiCTijf, cvj^PaXuv aXxiji/ oooo;, JJovTov re xxt yrjs tig hccXkoiyctg fioXuv, Uoia-fSiaro; tv iJi,vri^r\ jt a< iirmMfin WftfU Mk«-s ■riyrwrn iOmif 9ftmifiAm, Afm t^ p mi m f>r>sTs >arx. PREFACE. xiii them to be the work of John Tzetzes, his brother, upon whose voluminoas ^vritings Milton has passed a severe censure in his preface to The Defence of the People of England against Sal- masius. " Nihil elaborate, nihil distincte, nihil quod sapiat in lucem emittere, aut soles, aut potes, sed veluti Crispinus alter, aut Tzetzes ille Graeculus, mod6 ut multum scribas, quam rect^ non laborasj'." These Scholia are undoubtedly claimed by the author of the Chiliads, in that barbarous series of unconnected chronicles, which, with the melodies of Homer still sounding in his ears, he has clothed in the politic or accentual metre, exactly re- sembling the songs of the modern Greeks, excepting in the absence of the double rhyme. Notwithstanding all it's defects, the com- mentary was held in great estimation when it first made it's appearance, during the twelfth century, and was considered as removing much of that obscurity which had till then rendered the poet of Cassandra nearly unintelligible, and which is still objected to him by those who do not reflect how necessary it was, and essential to his plan. .; Darkness is placed by Burke among the Sources of the Sublime; and though he may be mistaken as to the cause of NOTE. ■\ Scholia on Verse 84. ^aAixim fapi/f to.'^ ----- xa* XFgi ^iv T»i5 ^»AatfiT?j Tou viflffsttav ^ttijtptov X2t xafdD>io(r0E0T^la9 idioiTlXAif ^at^Uy EiTo^ir, Itrrl xai ^oi^aiia xBTuJui ix^u?. Compare this with the ninth book of the Chiliads, Hist. 296. £ >|'C^aTiy xai w^avrrovfAo^^ it, *0»"i^, ^a.07re^o;, fis}<.XovviA^x"'f " with an arrow of three barbs." 41. Hercules estabUshed the Olj-mpic Games near Elis, and there wrestled with his father Jupiter, who was thence called na>iai^^<, or The Wrestler. The mountain near which the Games were cele- brated was formerly called the Hill of Cronus or Saturn. 43. Ischenus was son of an Earth-bom giant, and devoted himself to death, that his country might B2 CASSANDRA. Rears its cold marble, whence the courser starts) Twined round his limbs the sinewy strength of arm : Who slew the fiend, that, frowning on the wave. Guards all the narrow pass where billows roll Between Ausonian regions and the shores Of Trinacris, where, from the sea-beat rocks, She feasts upon the scaly shoals, and laughs At Death, and Hades' impotent domain : For on the vivifying pile her sire Heaped high her limbs, and waved the burning torch, Kindling the bright resuscitating flame : Whom xior with sword, nor shield, nor massive mail, The Dead subdued, and gave again to view The dark pavilions and the glooms of Hell. 45 50 55 Ah ! luckless nurse ! again I see thee burnt By stern Pelides' son ; while from the bones Of Pelops, rescued from the flames, inurned 60 NOTES. . be relieved from famine. His tomb was in the race-course ; \vhere a deity called Taraxippus, or " the Terror of Horses," was supposed to reside ; whom, before starting, it was thought necessary to propitiate by sacrifice. See the Schoha on the Electra of Sophocles. 46. Hercules slew Scylla, the daughter of Phorcys : but her father placed her on the funeral pile, and, when the flames had purified her limbs from aU mortal admixture, restored her to life and immor- tality. She was afterwards changed into a rock between Italy and Sicily, which island was called Trinacris, from its three promontories. 56. Hercules is said to have been subdued by " the Dead," because the poisoned robe he received from Deianira was dipped in the blood of the dead Nessus ; and to have descended a second time to the shades below, because during his life he had gone thither to drag up Cerberus. 58. It was declared by an oracle, that Troy should not be taken tiD there were brougbt against it, 1st, The son of Achilles; 2dly, The bones of Pelops ; and Sdly, The arrows of Hercules. These last are called the shafts of Teutarus the Scythian, because he was the instructor of Hercules in archerv. CASSANDRA. Beside Letrina, springs the smouldering fire ; And swift fi-om Teutarus' elastic bow Fly winged shafts, and clangs the Scythian steel ! This shall the jealous Nymph reveal, and send, Savaged by woes, her love-begotten child ; Shall think upon her widowed couch, and loathe The traitorous bridegroom and the foreign bride ! But looking, loving, when she sees her lord Groan with no med'cinable wound, and lie Pierced by those shafts, which to the plume were dyed In Giants' blood, down fi"om the battlements, Down shall she leap, and, ft-antic with remorse". Breathe out her soul upon his heaving limbs. 65 70 Again I mourn thee, and again : for, lo ! As swells the conquering flame before the wind. Soon shalt thou see the lance's lurid gleam. And blazing palaces, and dying men ! /o NOTES. 61. Letrina is a town of Elis, in which the bones of , Pelops were buried. 64. CEnone, with whom Paris cohabited before he deserted her for Helen, was so incensed at his conduct, that she sent her son Corythus to give assistance to the Grecian armies : but when she saw her perfidious husband transfixed by the arrows of Philoctetes, which inflicted incurable wounds, and found that her skill in medicine (of which she boasts in the Epistles of Ovid) was of no avail, she threw herself headlong from a tower, or, according to some authors, strangled herself. 71. When the Giants waged war against Heaven, the Gods found it necessary to call in the assis- tance of Hercules, who slew some by his arrows, while Jupiter destroyed others by his lightning. To these weapons Philoctetes succeeded. Ovid, in his Epistle from Paris to Helen, makes the former assert, that Cassandr? prophesied, before he left Troy, that he should be transfixed by celestial arrows. This prediction he imagined to relate solely to the darts of Love : Hoc mihi, nun repeto, fore ut a coeleste sagitti Figar, erat verax valicinata soror. Ep. XVI. 277. CASSANDRA. Again I mourn thee ! Fire shall wrap the tomb Of him, the son of the Atlantic nymph, Who round his lijnhs involved the leathern spoil, Borne on his sutile bark, and rode the waves Of shoreless seas, alone, as when the boar, The tusky king, in solitary pride Fares by the Danaw ; thence from Saiis' heights Swam like the bird, who round Rithymna's steep Dips her white wings in the salt ooze, and steered From the Zers^nthian cave of Hecate, What time Jove spread the sluices of the skies In wdld uproar : Earth heard the billows break About her, and above ; high palaces Came crashing down ; and the pale sons of men Swam, and saw death in every swelling wave : On fruits, and acorns, and the gro'v%'th of grapes. Sea-monsters battened ; e'en upon that couch Where Luxury- had languished, cumbrous forms. Dolphins, and ores, wallowed un-v^-ieldilv. 80 8^ 90 95 NOTES- 78. Cassandra prophesies that fire shall destroy the tombs of her ancestors, and, amongst others, that of Dau'danus the son of EUectra, who was a daughter of Atlas ; which Dardanus, during the deluge of Deucalion, saved himself in a boat composed of the hides of beasts, and passed into Phrygia from Samothrace, leaving the cave of Zerynthus, which was sacred to Hecate, and Saiis, which some call a promontory of Thrace, others an island, but which the Commentator on Nicander, cited by Potter, aflorms to have been a mountain of Samothrace, which was also some- times called Saiis. This tradition is mentioned by Virgil : Atqne equidem memini (fema est obscorior annis) Aoroncos ita ferre senes, his ortus ut agns Dardanus Idaas Phiygise penetia\-it ad nrbes, Threiciamque Samum, quae nunc Samothracia fertur. JEn. \'n. 205. 85. Rithvmna was a town in Crete. The shores on which it was built abounded with sea-guUs, and other marine birds. CASSANDRA. I see the Gryphon spread his leathern wings. And mount upon the sharp winds of the North, To pounce the Dove, whom erst the snowy Swan Engendered, walking on the wave, what time Around the sacred secundines of gold Gleamed the pure whiteness of the circling shell; 100 Down the steep pass and Acherusian Way I see thee fare, no more on rural cares Intent, or rural joys; no more on heights Of wood-crowned Ida shalt thou stand the judge Of rival Beauty, but by Laas' towers Steer on, and shoot by the Malean rock ; For fields, and fleecy flocks, and herded kine, And fragrant herbage, and terrestrial oar. 105 110 NOTES. 97. Doubts are entertained whether the word 7;b>o?, translated " a gryphon," may not be synonjrmous with yjuvo;, " a firebrand," by which name Lyco- pbron, in a subsequent passage, has designated Paris : " The firebrand gleams, and kindles Discord's torch :" thus alluding to the story, which relates, that Hecuba, when pregnant with Paris; dreamed that * she was delivered of a firebrand. r^Sw? certainly bears the latter signification ; as for example : r^tfM* }Aii dalorro, fxiya^ ^ *H^(«Krrof aritrrn. But Hesychius explains it by yfiri-, " a gryphon ;" and the word 'nrri^ufAHO!, "winged," seems to warrant the adoption of that meaning in the translation. 99- By the Swan is meant Jupiter, who assumed that form in order to deceive Leda, and thus became the lather of Helen, who was produced from an egg. She is called a Dove, from her resembling, in amorous propensities, that bird, which was con- secrated to Venus. This fable, according to Athe- nseus, proceeds from the resemblance the term ii, " eggs," bears to J», by which nanoie the more ancient Greeks called the apartments set apart for the women. 103. The Acherusian Way was near the promontory of Taenarus, leading to Lacedaemon. Near to it was situated a cave, by which Hercules is said to have returned from the infernal regions. ■ 108. Malea is a promontory, and Las, or Laas, a city of Laconia. 110. By the "terrestrial oar" is meant a corn-van. Tiresias, in the Odyssey, conmiands Ulysses to carry upon his shoulders an oar, till a traveller who never beheld the sea shall call it a corn-van. Odyss. a'. 126. ^ 8 CASSANDRA. A bark shall bear thee to the double pass And Gythian plains, where to the yielding sand The crooked teeth shall bind thine hollow pine, • And winds no longer vex thy folded sail. On the soft heifer wolf-like shalt thou spring With eager joy : ^he reckless shall desert Her orphan doves ; and e'en Maternal Love, , With waving hand, shall beckon back in vain The flying prey, who to the net shall rush. Scared by the flutterings of the scarlet plume : And on the beachy verge of the salt sea Shall burn the fatlings of the flock to those Of Ocean Nymphs who bid soft airs of heaven Pant on the joyous ocean. Thou shalt run Beyond Scandea and the jutting crags Of jEgilus, and, gazing on thy prey. Laugh loud, and joy in thy successful toils ; Bathing thy soul in love, where, in his isle, 115 120 125 NOTES. 111. These SajuijiCai, called also ©i/jiJi?, or the Gates, were two passes in the mountains of Laconia. Gythium was a town and harbour in the same country, according to Strabo and Polybius. 115. Helen is alluded to by the term "heifer." By this name Cassandra is represented as calling her in Ovid's Epistles : . Graia juvenca venit, quze te, patriamque, domumqae Perdet, lo prohibe ! Graia juvenca venit. CEnon. Parid. 1 17. Hermione and Iphigenia : but most authors agree in giving to Helen only one daughter, Hermione, who was married to Neoptolemus. 120. It was customary among the ancients to catch deer by gradually enclosing them with ropes, on which were tied scarlet feathers : by this con- trivance they were so much terrified, as to be prevented from breaking through: Cervum puniceae -septum fonnidine pemue. Vi»o. Ma. Xn. 750. 122. Helen, terrified by a dream, sacrificed to Leu- cothea and the Sea Nymphs, then fled with Paris to Egypt, (or was driven thither by a storm, according to Herodotus,) passing .Egilus, a pro- montorj' of Peloponnesus, and Scandea, a port of Cythera. CASSANDRA. The Dragon monarch reared his blended form. But, ah ! no more thy baffled arms shall press The bright-haired nymph, but clasp unto thy breast The cold embrace, the visionary joy, Ghost of departed love, shade of a dream. For he (w^ho wedded the Phlegrean maid. On w^hose dark brow ne'er sits the smile of joy, Down whose stern cheek ne'er rolls the tear of woe. Who fled from stormy Thrace, unto the shores Where Nile redundant with expanded wings Broods on the bedded foison, not with steeds. Nor painted ships careering o'er the main. But through th' obscure and caverned gloom of Earth Wound as a mole his uncouth way, and heard The waves of Ocean roar above his head ; What time he cursed his murderous progeny. 130 135 140 NOTES. 129. Ericthonius, king of Attica, had the feet of a dragon : from him the Athenians were styled Ericthonii. 130. Lycophron attributes to Proteus this substitution of a phantom in place of Helen : Euripides ascribes it to Juno. The tragedian makes Helen lament that her reputation should be lost, though her person remains inviolate : Lycophron, on the contrary, tells us that Paris was not deprived of his prize tiU he had effected his purpose in the island of Salamis : but both agree in asserting that the son of Priam brought with him to Troy, not Helen, but a visionary resemblance. Attfo'a't tilt IfA^ aAX* ofioluaaff tfio» EioW^i «f fpt?rvoto>« Helen. Euripid. Homer affirms Paris to have borne Helen to Crana'e, which some understand to mean Attica, some Cythera, others merely an epithet, but Pausanias an island off Gythium : 134. Proteus, the son of Neptune, came from Egypt into Thrace, and there married Torone, an inha- bitant of Phlegra. By her he had two sons, Polygonus and Telegonus, who gave such offence to their father by their cruelty to strangers, that he asked and obtained of Neptune that the Earth might afford him a passage through her bowels from Pallene to Egypt. When his sons were afterwards slain by Hercules, he displayed neither joy, because he was their father, nor grief, because he execrated their wickedness. C 10 CASSANDRA. And poured unto his sire the prayer, that then Those plains he might regain, from whence he came Far as the nurse of the gigantic brood, Far as Pallene's desolated shore,) He, just as Guneus, whom the sons of men Justest extol, by sacred Themis led, ' ' Ichnaean maid, high arbitress of right, Shall seize thy wanton bride, and drive thee far From the soft cooings of thy billing dove : For not the loves of Antheus, nor the guests Who poured on Lycus' and Chimaereus' tomb Their dark libations, nor the hallowed salt Of earth-encircling Neptune, nor the rites Of hospitable Jove, could move thy soul. 145 150 155 NOTES. 14S. Eustathius, in his Commentaiy on Dionysius, says that Pallene is a town of Thrace, and also a triangular peninsula, formerly inhabited by giants. 149- It is for his justice that Proteus is compared to Guneus, who w£is renowned for that virtue throughout Arabia ; and who, according to the SchoUast, was sent by Semiramis to assist the Babylonians against banditti. 151. We learn from Strabo that Themis was styled IchnEEan, from Ichnae a city of Thessaly : xat 'ix""> «•«/ i (Blfj.li: 'ix"'"' "fiaTai. She is also called Ichnaean by Diodorus and Homer. The Scho- liast is evidently wrong in deriving the epithet from 'Jx?f' 154. Antheus, the son of Antenor, was much beloved by Paris, by whom he was accidentally slain while Menelaus was at Troy. Paris, dreadbg the anger of Antenor, fled to Sparta, and became in his turn the guest of the husband of Helen, but violated the rites of hospitality, and disre- garded the obligations contracted by partaking of his salt, which among the ancients was con- sidered sacred, and without which no sacrifice was ever undertaken ; whence LycopTiron gives it the epithet of aytint'., pr " hallowed." Among the Arabians salt is the symbol of hospitality ; and when they would express the greatest abhorrence and detestation, they ^y of a man thai he is " a bread and salt traitor." 155. Lycus and Chimaereus were sons of Prometheus, and buried at Troy: when afterwards a famine oppressed the Spartans, an oracle commanded them to send a deputation to Phrygia for the purpose of sacrificing at their tombs : in conse- quence, Menelaus came to Troy, and returned with Paris to Lacedaemon. CASSANDRA. 11 Stem as the bear which nursed in Ida's woods Thine infancy, fit nurture for fit child : Wherefore all joyless shalt thou strike the lyre, Trilling vain chords and bootless melodies, And pour the fruitless tear, when thou shalt mark Thy native towers, which erst the son of Jove Mantled in ruddy flame, and in thine arms Embrace the fleeting shade of her who hears Pleuronian Maenad, for whose beauteous form Five times the bridal torch shall shed around - It's safiron light of love ; for so the Fates, 160 165 NOTES, 159- Paris, while an infant, was exposed in the forests of Ida, where some authors assert him to have been nursed by a she-bear. l6l. Nequicquam Veneris prssidio ferox Pectes oesariem, grataque farainis Imbelli cithari carmina divides. HoR. Od. I. 15. 167. Pleuron is a town of Peloponnesus, whence Helen is called Pleuronian ; but Pausanias tells us that Pleui-on was the grandfather of Leda, and that his descendants bore his name as a patronymic. Helen is styled a Maenad, or priestess of Bacchus, from her frantic conduct. 168. Lycophron, in the following verses, particularizes the five husbands of Helen; in which enumeration he confounds the shadow with the substance : for if her image went to Troy, she cannot with pro- priety be said to have espoused Deiphobus. This passage is not repugnant to another, in which she is called T^iayirj Ko^it, or " the Bride of Three Husbands ; " for Theseus carried her off when only seven years of age, and restored her in- violate ; and Achilles is merely said to have wedded her in a dream, or after death, in the Elysian Fields. 169. The Fates are said by Orpheus and Hesiod to be Daughters of Night, because their decrees are hidden from mortals. By Lycophron they are called Children of the Ocean, either because to water was ascribed the genesis or production of every thing, or perhaps from their cruelty and inexorability. In the Orphic Hymns, all fore- knowledge of events is limited to them and Jupiter. Lucian has a Dialogue in which a philo- sopher is introduced labouring to prove to Jove that he possesses no power of altering their de- crees, and, consequently, that it is useless to pay any adoration to him. But whatever were the sentiments of the ancients upon this head, they mostly seem to have imagined that mankind were subject to a blind and unalterable destiny: though indeed Homer tells us, that the companions of Ulysses perished a^n-i^fi^tf aTao-floA/iioT, " by their own proper folly ; " and Cleanthes inculcates the absolute free-wiU of man : riAqr 0707a fiQiVffi Kaxoi cr^iTi^ii^ii aioMif* which lines may be translated by these two of Pope: And binding Nature fast in Fate, Left free the human will. U.niv. Prayih. C2 1^ Ci.SSANDRA. Ancient of days, dread daughters of the main, Have stamped their web, and ratified her doom. Two Eagles, stooping from the clouds, shall seize The trembling Bird, and swoop upon their prey. A scyon next, who blossoms from the roots Which sprout by Carious' immortal stream. Or Afric Plynos, sprung from Cretan seed. Shall twine his branching honours round her limbs ; Whose kindred blood in dreadful Lanquet quaffed Erinnys, mistress of the mystic sword. Queen of the fields of Enna, and entombed The shoulder, soon with ivory white to gleam ; But youth again illumed his cheek, again He rose to light and life ; strong passion seized Erectheus, monarch of the main, he snatched His prize, and bore to Letrinaean plains. 170 175 180 185 NOTES. 172. Theseus and Paris, who are called eagles from their having each carried off Helen. 174. Menelaus is said to spring from branches flou- rishing by Carious, a river of Laconia, and Plynos, a city of Africa, because Hippodamia, the mother of his father Atreus b}' Pelops the Laconian, was descended from Atlas the African. Atreus mar- ried Aerope, the grand-daughter of Minos king of Crete ; for which reason Menelaus is called ifuxf?;, " half a Cretan," and e^f^afot, " a barbarian," be- cause Tantalus, the father of Pelops, came into Greece from Lydia, according to Pindar ; ac- cording to others, from Phrygia or Paphlagonia. 178. Pelops was slain by his father Tantalus, and served up at a banquet of the Gods, but was after- wards restored to life ; and a shoulder of ivory, given to him by Jupiter, replaced that which had been eaten by Ceres. 179- Ceres is called Erinn3-s by Callimachus.' Enna is that plain of Sicily where Proserpine, gathering flowers, ' Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis Was gathered. Milt. Par. Lost. 184. Pelops, after his resuscitation, was carried off by Neptune Erectheus to the plains of Letrina in Elis, there to contend with QEnomaus, who had promised his daughter Hippodamia to whoever could conquer him in the chariot-race, but an- nexed to his challenge an express condition, that his competitor, if vanquished, should be put to death. CASSANDRA. 13 (Where Molpis rears on high his marble form, Molpis, whose blood to Jove ^Ethereal flowed,) There on the course the guilty lover slew The guilty father of the fair ; such wiles. Such impious arts, such subtleties of death Th' unhallowed son of Cadmilus disclosed, Disclosed to his own ruin ; for he drank The wave Myrtoan, and the bitter stream^ Whelmed in his watery sepulchre : What now Avails that flying o'er the dusty plain. Swift Psylla whirled the rattling chariotry. Or fleet Harpinna, borne on harpy wings 1 190 195 NOTES. 186. Molpis was a noble youth of Elis, who devoted himself to death, in obedience to an oracle, that his country might be relieved from excessive drought. The gratitude of his fellow-citizens erected a temple to Zju? 'OfiSf lo?, or "Jupiter the God of Rain," and placed in it a statue of their benefactor. 188. Pelijps conquered by the treachery of Myrtilus the charioteer, who removed the iron linch-pins firom the naves of his master's chariot-wheels, and substituted wax in their room. 191. Myrtilus was the son of Mercury, who was adored by the Boeotians under the name of Cadmilus. Meursius grounds his alteration to Cadmilus upon a passage in the Scholia on Apollonius, where Casmilus, adored by the Samothracians as one of the Cabiri, is asserted to be the same with Mercury. We read in Varro, that in the Samo- thracian mysteries the minister of the great Gods was named Camillas : " CamiUus nominatur in Samothiaces mysteriis, deus quidam administer Deis magnis." This employment agrees with that ascribed to Mercury by the Greeks and Romans, though the latter consider him as him- self forming one of the Dii majorum Gentium. We learn from Servius, in his notes upon Virgil, that the children who officiated at the altars were anciently called Camilli and Camillae ; for which reason Mercury is styled CamiUus in the old Etruscan. This name is formed by syncope from Casmilus. In the same manner, in the iEneid, Camilla bears the name of her mother, omitting the letter s : Matrisque vocavit Nomine Casiniilae, mutati parte, Camillam. Joseph Scaliger translates the passage qui trucidavit procos Justis nefandis, quae Camilli filius ParaviL 197. Myrtilus had stipulated with Pelops, that, in reward for his treachery, he should pass a night with Hippodamia, of whom he was enamoured ; but, when he claimed performance of this promise, Pelops threw him into the sea, which was called from his name " Mare Myrtoum." This act of cruelty is constantly referred to by the Greek tra- gedians, who date from it all the calamities which afterwards befell the unhappy house of Atreus. u CASSANDRA. The fourth, the Brother of the ravening Hawk, Shall wed the shining Mischief; loud acclaim In supple wrestlings and in sinewy force Shall hail him conqueror of the second prize. Round her the fifth, in dream-created joys. Shall clasp his visionary arms, whose bride, Cytaean Maenad, on the stranger forms Shall gaze with frantic-eyes ; son of the sire Who, flying from (Enone, poured the prayer. Nor poured in vain ; strait, from the genial earth Blackening with insect swarms innumerable. 200 205 NOTES. 198. Dei'phobus became the husband of Helen after the death of Paris, having gained the victory in the games instituted by Priam on that occasion. We learn from an old Scholiast on Homer, that Priam had promised her hand to the suc- cessful competitor : nji'aftoj n; "Exirn ya/io» ha^Xtt iyuii(ra.fi,mf tynnii avrit, Deiphobus was con- sidered as inferior only to Hector, whence he is said to bear off the second prize of strength. Paris is called a hawk in allusion to the rape of Helen. 202. Achilles dreamed that he was married to Helen ; and Cassandra prophesies that in process of time he shall marry Medea, who fled with Jason from Cytasa, a city of Colchis. Her words are, in the original, \ Tor fit>^rvfJipoi twcnjr xVTcuKiii In Scaliger's translation, Sponsum futunim Angitije CytaVcje Ardentis hospitem; from which it is clear that he conceived the passage to allude to Medea. Meursius gives no opinion ; but Canter and Potter agree with Sca- liger, as does also the scholiast Tzetzes. Medea is called Cj'tais by Propertius ; and Euphorion gives her the name of Kt^aVj MnJna, " the Cytaian Medea," in a quotation produced by Eustalhius, who alludes to these verses of Lycophron. But we are informed by Stephanus that there is another town of the same neime in Scythia, " tirri ii u\Ki> Xxi;6ia{ :" — SO that perhaps mav be meant Iphigenia the daughter of Agamemnon, to whom Achilles was betrothed at Aulis, and who sacrificed, on the shores of Scythia, all strangers who fell into her hands. In this case, for " hospites depereuntis," in Canter's version, should be substituted " hospites mactantis ut Maenas." The translator has permitted the pas- sage to remain as ambiguous as Lycophron has left the original. 206. Peleus, having accidentally kiUed his brother Phocus, and being consequently compelled to fly from the island CEnone or CEnopia, which afterwards took the name of .Egina the daughter of Asopus, entreated of Jupiter to raise him up an army, with which to supply the place of those attendants whom he had lost : the Deity granted his prayer, and caused a swarm of ants to assume the human form. The men so produced were called Myrmidons, from f«!{f"i|, myrmex, "an ant." CASSANDRA. 15 Rose the tall troops of marshalled Myrmidons In serried files, or goodly front of war! . Son of the sire who snatched him from the flames Where six had left their infant lives in fire. 210 The perfumed youth, retracing all his way, Shall rouse the Wasps, thick clustering in their cells. E'en as a boy who wraps in smoky steams The winged swarms, sons of the peopled air. 215 Whence is that Heifer? whence upon her brow Pour they those floods of libatory vvine ? Red to the winds shall flow her fated blood ! What ! though enwombed within the sacred shrine Of her chaste body pant the Dragon boy. Whom stern arbitrement of war shall style ! 220 NOTES. 211. The Scholiast avows his ignorance of the source from which Lycophron drew this story, but quotes Agamestor to prove that Achilles was formerly called nt-flo-o-oot, " saved from the fire." But Meursius has produced a passage from the Scholia on Homer, which tells us, that Thetis, incensed at having been compelled to marry a mortal, destroyed six of her children, by throwing them into the flames as soon as born ; but that the seventh was saved by Peleus, who named him Achilles, from A, and xii">ot, because he lost a lip in the fire. But this is contrary to Homer him- self, who makes Achilles say that Thetis had no other child : " 'ak\' ira warfa rUu." The poem, ascribed to Simmias or Theocritus, which bears tlie name of Boifxof, " an Altar," given to it from the subject, or the shape which it assumes owing to the various length of the lines, alludes to this story of Achilles in the word f. Ub. V. 247. Elnorches is a name of Bacchus, who, in return for the sacrifices of Agamemnon, overthrew his enemy Telephus, king of Mysia, by entangling his feet in a vine. By the " corny field " is meant the Grecian army. In the second of those books, which bear the name of Dictys of Crete, Telephus is said to have stumbled against the trunk of a vine, while pursuing Ulysses through a vineyard; at this juncture he was wounded by Achilles in the left thigh. 18 CASSANDRA. 1 see the long and linked chain of woes Rippling the deep, and drawing on my Troy - Wide-wasting storms, and deluges of flame ! Oh ! ne'er had Cadmus on the heachy verge Of Issa thee engendered; thee, the fourth From giant Atlas ; thee, who to the Greeks Shalt prophesy of wars and victories, Prjdis, and teach thy kindred blood to flow ! Oh ! that my sire had wrapped in Lemnian flame The fated pair, nor scorned the voice divine, And Terrors walking round the couch of sleep In moody march ! then not upon our shores Had burst such billows of o'ervvhelming woe. 255 260 And now Palemon, to whom infant shrieks Rise from red furnaces of sacred flame. 265 NOTES. 252. By the " chain of woes rippling the deep " is meant the line of Grecian ships proceeding against Troy, or perhaps simply that misfortune on mis- fortune would follow the rape of Helen. Martial has an expression similar to Lycophron's (rmTta Expectant coneque, catenatiqne labores. Lib. I. Ep. 12. 256. Lesbos was anciently called Issa : T?5 AiVgou EaXovftinx TOfoTifo»'i»-oT{. Strabo, lib. I. 259. Mercury was called Cadmus, or Cadmilus, by the Boeotians. (See note on verse 191.) Prj'lis, his son, is said to be the fourth from Atlas, because Maia, -the mother of Mercury, was daughter to that god. The Trojans are called his " kindred blood," because Dardanus was the son of Electra, who was also the daughter of Atlas. 261. Hecuba and Paris. When the former dreamed that she was delivered of a fire-brand, .Esacus, the son of Priam and Arisba, advised, that, in order to avert the impending calamities, both mother and son should be destroyed ; but with this advice Priam neglected to comply. 265. Palemon, or Melicerta, was the son of Ino, who, flying from the rage of Athamas, leaped with him, while be was yet an infant, into the sea, where he was received into the rank of marine Deities. He was worshipped at Tenedos, and children were sacrificed at his altars, in memorial of his having been himself a child. CASSANDRA. 19 Shall see the plains, where rules the regal spouse Of old Oceanus, Titanian queen. Rippling with sea-birds, as they wave their wings Of corded plumes, and on the waters fly. 270 And now the dark and damp embrace of Death. Entwines the children and the sire ; from high The missile marble rushes on their heads Thundering from stern Pelides' hand : ah ! now, Now what avails that, when the fabling bard Poured his rank venom in their father's ears, Safely they rode upon the surging wave In crazy bark, as erst had roamed their sire. Consorting long with dolphins of the deep, And forms marine, till tangled in the nets Of labouring mariners? And with them lies Mnemon, whose mind the Nereid Mother stored With precepts sage ; but Memory to his eyes 27'5 'J 280 NOTES. 267. Tethys, the wife of Oceanus, was one of the Titans, the children of Earth and Uranus. By the sea-birds are understood the Grecian vessels. 271. Cvcnus, the son of Apollo or Neptune, being shut up in a chest as soon as born, and cast into " the sea, was found and educated by some fisher- men. He afterwards married Proclea, by whom he had two children, Tenus and Hemithea. After the death of his wife he married Phylonome, or Polybea, who, according to Plutarch, becoming enamoured of Tenus, and enraged at his not returning her passion, suborned Molpus, a musi- cian, to swear that Tenus had offered violence to his step-mother. Cycnus confined his children 282 in the chest, and set them adrift ; but they floated to the island of Leucophrys, of which Tenus became king, and called it, from his own name, Tenedos. Cycnus, having discovered the truth, slew Phylonome, and came to dwell at Tenedos, but was killed by Achilles, together with his son. Hemithea, while flying from the conqueror, was swallowed up by the earth. Mnemon was placed near Achilles by Thetis, in order to remind him that death would be the con- sequence of his slaying a son of Apollo ; but he forgot the admonition, and was killed by Achilles for his negligence, as soon as that hero per- ceived that in putting Cycnus to death he had D2 20 CASSANDRA. Ne'er shall unroll her truth-recording page, Till biting falchions feast upon his gore. 285 Hark, how Myrinna groans ! the chores resound With snorting steeds, and furious chivalry : Down leaps the Wolf, to lap the blood of tings, Down on our strand ; ^vithin her wounded breast Earth feels the stroke, and pours the fateful stream On high, the fountains of the deep disclosed. 290 Now Mars showers down a fiery sleet, and winds His trumpet-shell, distilling blood, and now. Knit with the Furies and the Fates in dance, Leads on the dreadful revelry ; the fields With iron harvests of embattled spears Gleam ; from the towers I hear a v^oice of woe Rise to the stedfast Empyrean ; crow ds 295 NOTES. unwarily fulfilled the prediction. Meursius says that Mnemon is not a proper name, but signifies " a monitor," and understands it to allude to PhcEnix : but Lycophron, in a subsequent pas- •sage, tells us that Phoenix survived Achilles. 286. Myrinna was a town not far from Troy, so called from the tomb of Myrirma the Amazon. Homer says that it was called Batiea by mortals, but Myrinna by the gods : 'AGavaTo* Of Tt ffTif/M wo?iyffita^9^oio Mvptmi* It was at this place that the Trojans collected an army to oppose the Greeks. 288. AchiUes, who is said to have leaped down from his ship with such force that a fountam sprung up from under his heel. This story is mentioned by Euripides. 293. Shells were -used by the ancients instead of trumpets : hence Theocritus, xoX^o' «?*•' fJ'VXCLffaro xotXop. He sounded an hollow shell. It is difficult to prove a writer of prophecy guilty of an anachronism, more especially when speak- ing of a Deity ; but it does not appear from Homer that trumpets were used at the time of the Trojan war, since he only mentions them in a simile. Virgil has either overlooked or dis- regarded this, when he gives Misenus to .SElneas as a trumpeter : Quo non pisstantior alter £re ciire viix>s, Maitemque accendere cantu. .£N.^1. 164. CASSANDRA. 21 Of zoneless matrons rend their flowing- robes,. And sobs and shrieks cry loud unto the nig^ht O, XE WOE IS PAST 1 ANOTHER WOE ST7CCEEDS 1 300 This, this shall gnaw my heart ! then shall I feel The venomed pang, the rankling of the soul. Then when the Eagle, bony and gaunt and grim. Shall wave his shadowy wings, and plough the winds On clanging penns, and o'er the subject plain Wheel his wide-circling flight in many a gyre. Pounce on his prey, scream loud with savage joy. And plunge his talons in my Brother's breast, (My best beloved, my Father's dear delight. Our hope, our stay!) then, soaring to the clouds. Shower down his blood upon his native woods. And bathe the terrors of his beak in gore. 305 310 I see the Murderer trim with reekinsf hands The golden balance nicely poised ; but soon. In mortal mart, and dread exchange of war. For him the beam shall vibrate, and for him 31. NOTES, 302, The following passage alludes to the death of Hector, and to the circumstance of his being dragged at the chariot-wheels of Achilles, who is called an eagle. » 314. Achilles restored the body of Hector to Priam upon conditioQ that he should receive a great weight of gold : when therefore he was himself slain by Paris in the temple of Apollo Thymbrsus, the Trojans refused to give up his body unless the ransom was refunded. 316. *0 ;^5t/ it ai6i{a X^f^ ofifai ^.vj^tifjiin' iLBUta^lffffu ami^iffxi, o^^ i yaia T^f a 6iwr TK axivatj xai a.iniKa yaXott iupht* Calab. lib. xij. CASSANDRA. 25 E'en in that grove, where' oft the Heifer strayed Awaiting secret love, there where my Sire Sent forth the dread behest, and in one fate Involved the mother and her child, ere yet With lustral dews and purifying streams The hapless nymph had purged Lucina's stain. 380 Thee shall the Lion son of Iphis drag To bloody rites, and nuptial sacrifice. Like his dark mother on the Taurid shore. Who, crowned with chaplets of infernal bloom, Shall stand, and pour her life into the bowl. What time her side shall feel Canddon's blade. Raised by the priestly Dragon, who from oaths Shall free the wolves which howl about her tomb. 385 NOTES. 376. Lycophron tells us that Laodice was swallowed up by the earth in the grove where Cilia and her son were put to death by order of Priam, who chose to understand the prediction of ^sacus as applying to them. (See Note on verse 26 1.) The name of the son pi Cilia is no where men- tioned in this poem ; but the Scholiast calls him Munippus, and accuses his author of confounding him with Munippus the son of Laodice, of whom mention is made in a subsequent passage : but as Canter has truly observed, Lycophron has no where named Munippus, and calls the son of Laodice " Munitus." The supposed inconsistency results therefore from the mistake of the SchoUast, who should have been more sure of his ground before he ventured to call his author i Ba^x^of xai airjocnitTo,- Auxiipfair, i. e. " the barbarous and intole- rable Lycophron." 382. Polyxena was betrothed to Achilles, whose phantom appeared after his death, and com- manded the Greeks to sacrifice her at his tomb. By " the Lion son of Iphis " is meant Neop- tolemus the son of Achilles and Iphigenia ; (other authors make him the son of Deidamia ;) for Iphis is merely a contraction, and not, as Meur- sius erroneously imagines, a daughter of Helen and Theseus, of whom mention is made by Festus. *Ii^iuf Witrrn fotiJi «"»»? A;i^AA<»«?. Heccb. Earip. 385. Doubts have been entertained whether, in the original, by " the Heifer crowned with flowers " is meant Polyxena or iphigenia. The circum- stajice of the Greeks having been bound by an oath seems to restrict the meaning of the passage to the latter ; in which case, as it was the second time they had sworn to assist the husband of Helen, by the words T{»rr«rfaxiTi> Sfxuf Lycophron must mean the first oath consecrated by sacrifice. E 26 CASSANDRA. Thee, venting curses on the Thracian shore, The stony shower shall crush, and high shall rise The rocky mount upon thy mangled limbs, Changed to a dog, thy fierce eyes glaring fire ! 390 Stretched at the altar of Herc6an Jove, His grizzled locks shall sweep the marble floor, Clotted with blood, whom for his sister's veil Ransomed, again the concjueror sent to view His ruined city rushing from her seat; Whene'er the wily Serpent shall display The torch on high, whose meteor flame shall gleam With baleful glories and fell floods of light. Then loose the bars, and free the prisoned host Who pant for blood within the piny womb; And he, the subtle son of Sisyphus, Shall teach his perjured kinsman to unveil The guiding star, the cresset of the night. 395 400 405 NOTES. 390. Hecuba was carried away captive into Thrace after the destruction of Troy. She was there stoned by the Greeks, who were incensed by the bitterness of her reproaches, and was afterwards said to have been changed into a dog. 393. Literally, " stretched at the altar of Agamemnon." Jupiter was called Agamemnon, and vice versa. (See Note on verse 1596.) Virgil tells us that Priam was killed at the altar of Herc6an Jove. 396. After the conflagration of Troy by Hercules, Priam was ransomed with the veil of his sister Hesione, on which occasion he assumed the name «f Priam, from w^ynu, " to buy," because his sister iTTPMTo xaXvuTfo? ^fofxila?. Hustath. — TiD then h€ had been called Podarces. 399. The Serpent is Antenor, who is said to have betrayed Troy to the Greeks, seduced by their promises to make him king, and to have released them from their confinement in the wooden horse. 404. Ulysses is perpetually called the son of Sisyphus bv the tragedians; Laisrtes, his reputed father, having married Andclea while pregnant. 405. Sinon was first-cousin :U> Ulysses, for .2Esymus his father was brother to Anticlea. Sinon de- ceived Priam by representing himself as a deserter from the Grecian armv. See the .£neid. CASSANDRA. 27. To those who, steering by Leucophrys' rock, Shall pass those isles where sleep the venomed coil. Who round the sons, and round the sire, shall twine Their folds, and tie the snaky knot of death. 410 But I, who fled the bridal yoke, who count The tedious moments, closed in dungeon walls Dark and o'er-canopied with massy stone ; E'en I, who drove the genial God of Day . Far from my couch, nor heeded that he rules The Hours, Eternal beam ! essence divine ! Who vainly hoped to live pure as the maid, The Laphrian virgin, till decrepid age Should starve my cheeks, and wither all my prime ; 415 NOTES. 407. Leucophrys was the ancient name of Tenedos, whither the Greeks retired to induce a belief that they had abandoned their designs against Troy. From this island came the serpents which de- stroyed Laocoon and his two sons. 411. Apollo conferred upon Cassandra the gift of prophecy ,_ on condition that she should yield to his desires ; but when he discovered her deceit, and found himself unable to resume his gift, he decreed that her prophecies should never be believed : Dei jussu non unquam credita Te'ucris. Of this increduhty she is represented as com- plaining towards the end of this poem : ^Itffijjio*; Ua^x'"" TUX""'- Verse 1454. Such woes has Lepsieus heaped upon my head. Steeping my words in incredulity ; The jealous God ! for from my virgin couch I drove him amorous, nor returned his love. She was consequently considered as mad, and inclosed by Priam in a vaulted dungeon. 418. The epithet " Laphrian," given to Minerva, is by some grammarians derived from A^pufa, " spoils," and considered as synonymous with Ageleia, i-ri t« iym Xjiar. This conjecture derives support from the name being also ascribed to Mer- cury, among whose attributes skill in stealing holds a very conspicuous place : AuTimjj . HoM. Hymn, in Mercor. But Pausanias says that she was worshipped under that name by the Calydonians, and Messenians, because her statue was erected by Laphrius, a Phocian. E3 28 CASSANDRA. Vainly shall call on the Bud^an queen, Dragged like a dove unto the vulture's bed ! But she, w^ho from the lofty throne of Jove Shot like a star, and shed her looks benign On Ilus, such as in his soul infused Sovereign delight, upon the sculptured roof Furious shall glance her ardent eyes ; then Greece For this one crime, aye for ihis one, shall weep Myriads of sons ; no funeral urn, but rocks Shall hearse their bones ; no friends upon their dust Shall pour the dark libations of the dead ; A name, a breath, an empty sound remains, A fruitless marble w^arm w^ith bitter tears Of sires, and orphan babes, and widowed vdves ! 420 425 430 Ye cliffs of Zarax, and ye waves which wash Opheltes' crags, and melancholy shore. 435 NOTES. 420. Budean is an epithet of Minerva, given to her in Thessaly. ** B*y^i»aF 7<.iyovatr 'AfiijFay in ©ip-ffoXia. * Eustath. 422. The palladium or statue of the Goddess is said to have fallen from heaven, and to have rendered by it's presence the city impregnable. When the temple in which it was enshrined was on fire, Ilus rushed in, and rescued it from the flames : he lost his sight, but it was restored by the favour of Minerva. 425. Cassandra was violated by Ajax Oileus in the temple of Miner\-a, whose statue averted her eyes, and fixed them upon the roof, that she might not behold that abcmiination. 427. The crime of Ajax is said by Juno in the ^Ineid to have been the sole cause why Pallas dispersed the Grecian fleet: Pallasne exarere clsssem Argivdm, atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, Uoius ob Doxam et fiirias Ajacis Oilei? ViRo.jEn. I. 43. 434. Cassandra proceeds to enumerate the promon- tories on which the Grecian vessels, shall suffer ship- wreck. Opheltes, Zarax, Nedon, Dirphossus or Dirphys, and the Diacrian Heights, are mountains or headlands' of Euboea. Tr)'chas is said to be a city, by Stephanas. By the paJace of Phorcys is meant the sea, in which he resided as a marine deity. ■ ■ ^ CASS^NBRA. 29 Ye rocks of Trychas, Nedon's darigerous heights, Dirphossian ridges, and rHacfian caves, ' - Ye plains where Phorcys broods upon the deep. And founds his floating palaces, what sobs Of dying men shall ye not hearl what groans 440 Of masts and wrecks, all crashing In. the wind! What mighty waters, whose receding waves Bursting shall rend the continents of earth? What shoals shall writhe upon the sea-beat rocks ? While through the mantling majesty of clouds 445 Descending thunderbolts shall blast their Kmbs, Who erst came heedless on, nor knew their course. Giddy with wine, and mad with jollity. While on the cliffs the nightly felon sat ' In baleful guidance, "waving in his hand 450 The luring flame far streaming o*6r the main. One, like a sea-bird floating on the foam. The rush of waves shall dash between the rocks, N o' T E s. 444. Literally, " How many thunny-fishes ? " The me- taphor is borrowed from the Persae of iEschylus, in which tragedy he compares to thunny-fishes the subjects of the Great King, after having sus- tained a defeat in a decisive naval engagement : ToJ y ctai i^ta-il(n 9aAa3-inn. Od. A . 50 CASSANDRA. On Gyrae's height spreading his dripping wings To catch the drying gales, and sun his plumes ; But rising in his might the King of Floods Shall dash the boaster with his forky mace Sheer from the marble battlements, to roam With ores, and screaming gulls, and forms marine ; And on the shore his mangled corpse shall lie. E'en as a dolphin, withering in the beams Of Sol, 'mid weedy refuse of the surge And bedded heaps of putrefying ooze ; These sad remains the Nereid shall inurn. The silver-footed dame beloved of Jove, And by th' Ortygian Isle shall rise the tomb. O'er which the white foam of the billowy wave Shall dash, and* shake the marble sepulchre Rocked by the broad JEg^an ; to the shades His sprite shall flit, and sternly chide the Queen Of soft desires, the Melinean dame. Who round him shall entwdne the subtle net. And breathe upon his soul the blast of love. 455 460 465 470 NOTES. 456. Ajax boasted that he had escaped against the will of the Gods, on which Neptune dashed him into the sea with a stroke of his trident : *HXxffl rvjaii)? criTfijF, avi d tir^ia'19 aVTilf* V-erse 505. 464. The corpse of Ajax was buried by Thetis on the shores of Delos, which island was called Ortygia, from Sfrul, ortj/x, because Asteria, the sister of Latona, was changed into a quail, and afterwards, by a farther metamorphosis, into the island Delos. We are told by CaUimachus that Asteria was the more ancient name. The tomb was afterwards covered with water by an irruption of the sea. 471. The Scholiast derives the epithet " Melinaean" from fii'M, meli, " honey ; " but Stephanus, with whom Potter appears to coincide in opinion, says that the name was given to Venus from Melina a town of Argos. MtAi»«, rixi,- 'A;y«>, «^' •! "Af jo^iri CASSANDRA. 31 If love It may be called,— a siidden gust, A transient flame, a self-consuming fire, A meteor lighted by the Furies' torch. 475 Woe ! woe ! inextricable woe, and sounds Of sullen sobs shall echo round the shore From where Araethus rolls to where on higch Libethrian Dotium rears his massy gates ! ' What groans shall peal on Acherusian banks To hymn my spousals ! how upon the soul, Voice, other than the voice of joy, shall swell. When many a hero floating on the wave Sea-monsters shall devour with bloody jaws ! When many a warrior stretched upon the strand Shall feel the thoughts of home rush on his heart, "By strangers honoured, and by strangers mourned ! " 480 485 One, where Bisaltian Eon by the shores Of freezing Strymon rises high, shall sleep The sleep of death, where Winter on the plains 490 NOTES. 479- Arsethus is a river of Epirus, and Dotium a pro- montory of Olympus, near Libethra. The space included between these places comprehends the whole of Greece, of which they are the extreme points. 489- Cassandra proceeds to enumerate the places whither the Greeks shall retire, and the countries ^ which shall give them burial. She begins her list with ■ Fboenix, who was excited by his mother Cleobule to seduce Clytia the concubine of his father Amyntor : Phoenix obeyed ; but Amyntor discovering the pollution of his bed, put out the eyes of his son, who fled to Chiron the centaur, by whom he was restored to sight, and entrusted with the education of Achilles. Eon is a city of Thrace, situated upon the river Strymon, on whose right inhabit the tribe of the Bisaltae. The Bistones lie between Mount Rhodope and the jEgean Sea, bounded on the east by the river Nessus or Nestus. 32 CASSANDRA. Of chill Bistonia broods with icy wing ; No more shall flourish in his fostering hand The youthful hero ; ne'er upon his eyes Shall swell Tymphrestus, where his angry sire Cursed the polluter of his parent's bed, And quenched in night his ineffectual orbs. 495 Three shall the woods of Cercaphus entomb Near Hales' stream ; there shall the tuneful Swan Sing, falsely sing, what farrow shall prod\ice ' The sylvan mother, when the rival bards Provoke the conflict of prophetic song. Death to the vanquished! — thus ordained the God. '500 With him the fourth from Erecthean Jove Shall sleep inurned, whom fabling JEthon feigned His kinsman, when he wove the subtle tale. 505 NOTES. 495. Tymphrestus is a mountain of Trachis. 498. These three are, Calchas the prophet, Idomeneus, and Sthenelus, who were buried in the forests of Cercaphus, a mountain of Colophon, near the river Hales. Calchas was doomed by the oracles to die whenever he found one more skilful than himself in divination : he was surpassed in a con- test with Mopsus the son of Apollo, who foretold the number of young with which a sow was • pregnant, which problem Calchas was unable to resolve. 504. Minos, the son of Jupiter, begot Deucalion, the father of Idomeneus, who on his return to Crete, after the destruction of Troy, w£ts driven from the island by Leucus, to whom he had entrusted the guardianship of his family. (See verse 1422.) The Scholiast is mistaken when he supposes Lyco- phron to say that Idomeneus wandered from Troy with Calchas; he merely asserts them tohav* both been buried upon the same mountain. 505. Ulysses, on his return to Ithaca, assumed the name of .Ethon, and gave himself out as the ' son of Deucalion and brother of Idomeneus. AifxoXlAry ot ^ iTUTi, xat liofitna arojcra, 'Oi;({rr' o^' 'AJfitivtp, i/ui ^ nt/ia xXirret A'S«. HOM. Od. T". 181. .CASSANDRA. 33 The third, whose sire with more than mortal arm Shook the strong walls of Thebes, but lightening flames • Rushed down, and on his head the fiery flood Burst dreadful, launched from the red arm of Jove; 510 What time the Daughters of Tartarean Night Rose sable-stoled, their eyes with Gorgon glare Frowned on the brothers of their impious sire. Scattering the flames of hate, the thirst of blood. Infernal strife, and dire exchange of death. 515 Two near the streams of Pyramus shall fall By mutual wounds ; around each priestly head The sacred fillet shall be dyed in gore : I hear, beneath those towers where reigned the Queen, Daughter of Pamphylus, I hear the twain Raise the last shout of battailous delight ; I see Megarsus rising to the air Between their tombs, that in the jaws of Death, 520 NOTES. J07. Capaneus, the father of Sthenelus, was one of the seven chiefs who fought against Thebes ; and while he boasted that he would take the city, even though the Gods should oppose him, he was blasted by the lightnings of Jupiter. XSw>. EuRiP. Phceniss. 513. Eteocles, and Polynices, the sons of CEdipus by his incestuous marriage with Jocasta. In the same manner Sophocles has called CEdipus 5 16. Mopsus, and Amphilochus, both priests of Apollo, died of mutual wounds on the banks of Pyramus, a river pf Cilicia, according to Hesychius. 522. Megarsus is a town of Cilicia, according to Pliny, (others make it a mountain) ; so called from Megarsus the daughter of Pamphylus, who gave his name to Pamphylia. The sepulchres in which the prophets were buried were siti ated on opposite sides of the city. F 34 CASSANDRA. Purpled with blood, upon their hateful eyes The hostile sepulchre may never gleam. 525 Five to Sphecea, to Cerastia's heights, To Satrachus shall steer, to Hyle's grove, There burn the incense, there vv^ith supple knees Adore Zerinthian Morpho, graceful queen. One, through w^hose veins my kindred blood shall flow, 530 Ah, bitter kinsman ! from Cychrean caves. From streams of Bocarus shall fly ; for Fame Shall style him Murderer of the maddening king His brother, who on flocks and herded kine Shall pour his erring rage ; whose sinevvy strength 535 The tawny robe, and lion's shaggy spoil NOTES. 526. Teucer, Agapenor, Acamas, Praxander, and Cepheus took refuge in Cyprus, which was formerly called Sphecea, or Cerastia, which latter name is by some derived from x/fam, " horns," in allusion to the mountainous nature of the island : but according to others, Venus changed the inhabitants into bulls, in order to punish their inhumanity towards strangers : Atque illos, gemino quondam quibus aspera comu Frons erat ; unde etiam nomen traxere Cerastae. ^ Ovid. Metam. X. 222. 527. Satrachus was a city, and also a river, of Cyprus. Hyle took it's name from a grove where Apollo was worshipped under the name of 't>^TV!, or " Sylvan." 529. Venus was called Morpho from her being the Goddess of Form and Beauty; and Zerinthian, from Zerinthus a cavern of Thrace, and which, according to Stephanus, is also the name of a town near .£nus. Ovid places the Zerinthian "shores by Samothrace: A'enimus ad portus, Imbria terra, tuos ; lode ]evi vento Zerinthia littora nactis Threiciara tetigit fessa carina SamoD. Ovid Trist. I. 9. 530. Teucer was son of Telamon and Hesione the sister of Priam, and consequently cousin to Cas- sandra. On his return from Troy to Salamis, he was driven into exile by his father, who imagined him to have betrayed the cause of his brother Ajax. (See Hor. Od. I. 7.) Salamis was formerly called Cychr6a, according to Strabo; it contained a city of the sjime name, near to wliich flowed the river Bocarus, called afterwards Bocalias. 534. Ajax, in a fit of madness, destroyed a flock of sheep, thinking he revenged his wrongs upon the Atridae. When he regaiiied his reason he committed suicide. (See Sophocles, Ajax Flagell.) CASSANDRA. ' 35 Circling enwraps ; whom nought of keen can pierce Impenetrable ; one only mortal part The Scythian quiver, like an ample shield, Guards from the war : ^o prayed the chief, nor prayed 540 In vain, when, bowing to the King of Heaven, He poured the blood of victims on the earth. And waved the Eagle infant in his arms. What, though Persuasion from his honied lips Drop balm, yet never shall the sire believe 545 That HE, the Lemnian thunderbolt of war, The mighty bull, whom Terror ne'er subdued To flight or fearing, seized the fatal gift, Raised high in air the suicidal hand, Then stabbed, and breathed his sullen soul away. 550 But far the father fcom his isle shall drive Trambelus' brother, whom to light and life Brought forth that sister of my sire, whom erst His prize of battle the destroyer bore, When maddening multitudes had cast the nymph 555 (So bade the glozing orator, whose bed NOTES. o40. Hercules visited the palace of Telamon while the latter was offering sacrifice, aud presented the infant Ajax with the lion's skin, and prayed to Jupiter to make him invulnerable. 546. Ajax, whom Telamon never shall believe to have committed suicide. 548. The sword with which Ajax killed himself was the gift of Hector : A&l^oii fj.il aiS^oi *E)CTo£o?, ^ifUi s^oi M»X»aT<» f*lffT)9i,To?, i;^6wToy B o§«r. Sophocles. 552. Trambelus was brother to Teucer, and half- brother to Ajax : he was bom at Miletus, whither Hesione, while pregnant, had fled from Telamon, to whom she was given by Hercules after his conquest of Troy. 553. Hesione, whom Pheenodamas proposed to sub- • stitute for one of his three daughters. (See Note on verse 34.) By the Scorpion is m^ant Her- cules, who leaped down the throat of the monster, and cut his way through the entrails. F2 36 CASSANDRA. Three daughters graced) unto the sea-born ore, Who poured profuse from his capacious jaws Black briny waves, and tempested the plain ; He seized his prey, but found no trembling bird, But scorpion stings, and bitter birth of woe. 560 Second shall see this isle the rural cbief. And hear the voice divine, (who first inhaled This air of life, where 'mid the wintery blast In glowing embers roast their acorn food Sons of the Dryad ; whose dread ancestors. Ere yet the moon unveiled her peerless light. Like howling wolves obscene, athwart the gloom Roamed nightly ;) there the ruddy mass gf ore He seeks, and lurking orichalc, through veins And rich recess of avaricious earth ; He seeks, whose sire pierced by th' CEtean tusk 565 570 Ts" O T E S. 562. The second who came into the island of Cyprus was Agapenor, whose Arcadian ancestors were called BxXtt,m(piyoi, from their feeding upon acorns; and rifoirixiivoi, from their asserting their nation to be anterior to the moon: Astris lunique priores. Stat. They are called " Sons of the Dryad " from their being descendants of Areas and the wood-n3-mph Chrysopeleia. 568. This may refer to Lycaon, who was changed into a wolf by Jupiter (See Ovid. Metamorph.) ; or to a tradition mentioned by Pliny, that the Arca- dians were in the habit of transforming them- selves into that animal by means of magical incantations. 572. Ancasus, the father of Agapenor, was killed by the Calydonian boar, which descended from Mount CEta into Stella, and gored him in the groin. Lycophron afterwards sa\-s that the ani- mal wounded him in the heel, which the Scho- liast considers as a great inconsistency, and offers us the alternative of ignorance on his own part, or barbarism and trifling on that of his author ; »orTo{." When we reflect, that, after having over- thrown Ancaeus by a wound in the groin, the boar might strike him in the heel, without any very great violation of probability, we shall perhaps find no difficulty in extricating ourselves from this dilemma, or in determining which side of the proposed alternative to adopt. CASSANDRA. 37 Lay gasping on the ground, the deadly tooth Sheer through the groin had forced it's bloody way; Then well he knew, but knowing it expired, That often, while we lift the luscious draught. E'en from the lips malignant Fate will dash The bowl, and scowl upon the baiiled guest : Whitening with foam, and bristling high with rage. On rushed the boar, and crushed the hunter's heel. And filled the bloody measure of revenge. 575 580 The third shall boast the sire, whose giant hand Heaved the huge stone, and seized the fateful arms ; Th' Idean Heifer to his -secret couch Shall steal enamoured ; then unto the shades 585 NOTES. 576. This adage is as ancient as the time of Homer : rioX^a fiiTa|u n-ETK (VulgO 9^§^£t) xyAtxof, xx) ;^(iXeo? iZKrOU. Of which line our own proverb is a literal trans- lation : " Many things happen between the cup and the lip." 532. The third who came into Cyprus was Acamas, whose father, Theseus, raised a stone pointed out to him by his mother iEthra, and took from thence the arms placed there by iEgeus, with which he proceeded to the court of Athens : 0^x1 trvi cL^'titiTvi, Fragm. Cau-iu. emend, a Bent. 584. The Heifer is Laodice, who became enamoured of Acamas when he was sent to Troy with Diomede, to treat for the restoration of Helen. She afterwards bore to him a son, Munitus, who, while on a hunting e.xcursion into Thrace, was killed by the bite of a viper. The original stands thus : ©fVO*ffiF irroLXtXaay MotiiTOD To)t«<, «. T. X, Who (Laodice) shall descend alive to the shades below, Worn out with sorrow, mother of Munitus, &c. The Scholiast, having the word Munitus before his eyes in this passage, has taken no notice of his former charge against Lycophron, viz. that he has called the son of Laodice " Munippus," but renews his attack with an affected excla- mation of pity ; ii/, 2 Aoxc;^foi, vZs itaxi^avia y^fiK- " Alas, Lycophron, how inconsistently you write !" and accuses him of having asserted in a former passage that Laodice was swallowed up by the earth (see Note on verse 377), but now, that she died of grief for the loss of Muni- tus. The SchoUast therefore must evidently have omitted the comma after inxxirm, and read the sentence ©jiiyoio-n innxiTaa Mif'Tof, J. e. worn out with sorrow for the death of her son Munitus." 38 CASSANDRA. With sullen looks, as hating life, shall rush ; Mother of Munitus, whose heel shall pierce The Thracian viper, and infix her sting. What time the beldame to his sire's embrace Shall give the boy, whose infancy was nursed In night, the beldame on whose neck alone The iron chains of slavery shall gleam. Fit hostage for the ravished Bacchanal. o So willed the wolves, who howled on Attic shores, Upqn whose crested hemisphere the lance Falls harmless, and rings loud the blunted sword : All else the seal's vermicular impress Shall guard, and thus unto the stars of heaven Each twin Lapersian demi-god shall rise. Oh, never, never may those lions rush, 590 595 600 NOTES. 589. iEthra, the mother of Theseus, to whom Laodice delivered her son, in order that she might place him under the care of his father Acamas. 591. When Theseus carried off Helen, he left her with his mother at Athens, (according to others at Aphidnse). Castor and Pollux recovered their sister, but carried away no booty but ^thra, the mother of the ravisher, who accompanied Helen to Troy when she fled thither with Paris, and returned to Greece after the destruction of that city. 594. By the wolves are meant the Dioscuri, who, in memory of their generation from an egg, wore helmets resembling the half of a divided egg-shell. 597. The ancients (and, if we may believe Hesychius, more particularly the Laconians) were accus- tomed to use seals made of worm-eaten wood, before the invention of cutting metal or gems : these seals were termed i^imiima. " ol Aaxwi; 599- The author of a commentary on Homer, cited by Meursius, says that Castor and Pollux were called Lapersae, from their destruction of Las (styled Laas by Homer), a town situated between Teuthrona and the river Eurotas. Didjinus savs they were so called from the city Lapersa. 600. " Oh, never may those twin-lions. Castor and " Pollux, come to rescue their sister Helen ! no, " nor their cousins Idas and Lynceus, much " stronger than them ! for the walls of Troy, " though raised by Apollo and Neptune, could " not resist them for a day, not though Hector " were to stand before them powerful as a " Thracian giant, and defend them with that " spear with which he shall kiU Protesilaiis." CASSANDRA. 39 Protector Jove, to free the captive Dove ! ' Ne'er may their swift-winged vessels to these shores Ride tilting o'er the waves ! ne'er may they leap Thirsting for blood upon the Phrygian plain ! No, nor that stronger twain, whom Mars inspires, 605 Whom Ate loves. Ate come hot from hell, And dread Tritonia, goddess of the spear ! For not those bulwarks, which the watery king Prophantus, Cromnian monarch of the main, And Drymas reared unto the perjured prince, 610 One day, one little day, would stand their shock ; "* Not though the giant, rising in his might Like Thracian Mimas, by the massy gate Stood like a tower ; not. though within his hand Th' impatient lance waved quivering to destroy ' 615 The ravening wolves, the spoilers of the herd ; That lance which first shall pierce the warrior bird. The Hawk, who leaps upon our hostile shores NOTES. 609- Apollo was styled Drjrmas by the Milesians. Nep- tune had a temple at Cromne, a city of Paphla- gonia, and was worshipped under the name of Prophantus by the Thurians. 610. The " perjured prince" is Laomedon, who re- fused to give to Apollo and Neptune the reward which he had promised them for building the walls of Troy. 613. Mimas was one of the giants who waged war against Jupiter. 617. The oracles had denounced death against the first Greek who should land upon the Trojan coast. 6I8. Protesilaiis, who is pointed out by the term " hawkj" was the first who disembarked, and was slain soon after by Hector ; he was buried on the shores of the Thracian Chersonese, near the pro- montory Mazusia or >[astusia, where, according to Pliny, a temple was raised to his honour : " Cher- sonesi Mastusia promontorium adversum Sigeo, turris et delubrum Protesilai." Arrian, in his first book on the Expedition of Alexander, says that he offered sacrifice on his tomb : " ei'n n^wTij'iAAi' ivi Tji txy^ Toy n^oTioXaov. 40 CASSANDRA. First of the Greeks, whose sepulchre shall rise There where the Thracian Chersonese extends, And swells projecting, like the milky globes Which deck maternal beauty, to the main. Shout, shout, and raise the song of joy ! — there is, There is who pities wrongs, and will relieve, Gyrapsian, Drymnian, ^Ethiopian Jove ! Then fill the sparkling bowl, and as ye list Receive your bridegroom, pour the sacred stream In red libation to the mystic Queen ; Soon shall ye eat the bitter bread of tears. Banquet on woes, and blood shall flow for wine : From Cragus' height the Deity looked down. The Lycian God ; he gave the word, and straight. Unbidden guest, sat Discord at the feast : First scoffing words and foul reproach arose, Jeerings, and biting jibes, and taunting scorn, 620 625 630 655 NOTES. 625. I have followed the Scholiast, and Canter, in supposing Jupiter to be meant by this passage. He may be called Gyrapsius, rufcij/ioc, from the spherical shape of the aether; and ^thiops, either because the Gods were accustomed to feast in Ethiopia — iftiro ^«t' AiSioVio-ff-K forro?, (see the speech of Neptune in the fifth book of the Odyssey',) or, as Eustathius observes, vaji to a.'6u, from the luminous nature of the atmosphere : though un- doubtedly all these qualities will apply equally well to Apollo, who is called Drymas in verse 6 10. 626. Paris was the guest of Menelaus at Sparta, and was consequently hospitably entertained by Mene- laus, the Diioscuri, and their cousins the Apharidae. At an entertainment given by the latter in honour of Ceres, a quarrel arose, produced by the fol- lowing transaction. The two daughters of Leucip- pus, Phoebe and Ilaira, had been betrothed to Idas and Lynceus, the sons of Aphareus, but were forcibl}' taken away by Castor and Pollux, who, when upbraided by the ApharidjE for having given their brides no dowrj-, stole the oxen of their unsuccessful rivals, and gave them to their father-in-law Leucippus. This produced a battle : Lynceus killed Castor, but was himself struck to the ground by Pollux; Idas struck at Pollux with the column or cippus erected on the tomb of Aphareus, but for this impiety Jupiter killed him 'with a thunderbolt. (See Pindar and Theo- critus.) 631. Cragus was a mountain in Lycia, from which Jupiter was sometimes called Cragus. CASSANDRA. 41 Then brazen war; — ^the kinsmen strive to free From dowerless nuptials, and unkindly force, Their kindred doves ; What arrowy storm shall rise, (Say, Cneceus, for your waves shall see,) what clang Of eagle wings shall hurtle in the air ! The fiery Bull sheer through the knotted oak Shall gore the Lion ; the Twin- whelp shall seize The writhing Bull, and hurl him to the earth Biting the bloody ground in pangs of death ; Full on the victor shall the marble rush, Columns of Hades, trophies of the tomb ; But vain the blow, the martial prowess vain. For steel, and floods of lightning, shall destroy The monarchs of the herd, whose matchless skill Not e'en Telphusian Orchieus contemned To wing the shaft, or round the mooned horn. These to the shades, but those the starry heavens Receive alternate, with such kindly fire 640 64; 650 NOTES. 638. Phoebe and Ilaira were cousins to the Apharidae, as well Jis to Castor and Pollux ; for Tyndarus, Aphareus, and Leucippus, were brothers. 639. Cneceus is a river of Laconia, on whose banks the contest took place. -/*' aiSety fio-r« wit§oi'. Pindar. 650. Apollo was called Orchieus by the Laconians, and Telphusius, from Telphusa a city of Arcadia near Hersa ; called also Thelpusa by Pausanias. Some for Telphusius would read Tilphossius, grounding their opinion upon a passage of Strabo, who tells us that near the mountain Tilphossus in Boeotia there was a temple of Apollo : " a»t»; H m TO TiJiipiwMtt 'A#»>>«F0t iifoi. 651. Idas contended with Apollo in archery for Mar- pessa the daughter of f venus : Non Idae et cupido quondun discordia Phabo Eveni patriis dlia littoribuj. P»oh»t. 653. The story of the alternate death and resuscitation of Castor and Pollux is so well known, that it is unnecessary to dwell upon the subject. G 42 CASSANDRA. Glows in each pious heart fraternal love ! Thus shall they sleep, and with them sleep the gleam Of hostile spears, and with them sleep my woe. 655 But through the dark and drear expanse of heaven Shall rush the Cloud, and bear upon it's wings Storm, nor the son of Rhaeo shall restrain, Nor soft persuasion hang upon his lips ; Oft shall he lure the ravening host to stay For nine long years, nor scorn the Voice divine ; Oft shall he swear to spread the jovial feast To those, who, wandering upon Cynthian heights. Shall drink Inopus' stream, whose secret source, When Nile pours down his heaven-descended wave. Swells o'er it's banks with sympathetic flow. With such a power Problastus, rosy God, Gifted the progeny of Zarex, red 660 665 NOTES. 658. The Grecian army, from it's numbers and extent, is compared by Cassandra to a cloud. 659- Anius, the son of Phcebus and Rhaeo, was king of the island of Delos, where rise the Cynthian mountains. He had three daughters, to whom Problastus or Bacchus gave the power of making com, wine, and oil ; for which reason they were named Spermo, CEno, and Elai's. By the ministry and assistance of these, he offered to supply the Grecian army with provisions, if they would re- main in Delos during the nine years which his skiD in divination taught him would elapse before the destruction of Troy. 6G5. Inopus is a river of Delos, which, by some secret connexion, or sjTnpathy, overflows at the same time as the Nile : H afpnTor oXt},- avlTavffaTO Xvy^Tnn. clj AcXof, v. JOS. 669. The daughters of Anius are called the progeny of Zarex, because he beceime the husband of Rhaeo after she had borne Anius to Apollo. In the same manner Hercules is called Amphitryoniades, and Castor and Pollux the Tyndaridae. They were sent for to Troy by Agamemnon, in order to sup- ply his army during a dearth of provisions. Their ston' is told by Dictys of Crete, and Ond; but the latter asserts them to have been forciblv carried off. CASSANDRA. 43 Flows from their hand the nectar of the vine, The corny grain, and yellow floods of oil. When to the tomb of the Sithonian maid They hasten, scowling Famine shall retire Far from the host, and gnash her teeth in vain. Such webs the fateful Sisterhood have wove* Such threads from brazen distaffs have they spun. 670 67: Fourthly, and fifth, shall seek the Cyprian shrine. Where dwells the Queen of Golgi, names obscure, Praxander, Cepheus, from Therapne one Shall lead his Spartan tribes, from Dyme one, From Bura. and Achaean Olenus. 680 I see the towers of Argyrippa rise On Daunia's plains ; so wills th' unhappy chief NOTES. 672. Rhaetea, who gave her name to the Rhaetean pro- montory, was daughter of Sithon the son of Mars. 678. Golgi is a city of Cyprus, where Venus was wor- shipped with peculiar honours, and of which she is styled the Queen by several authors : At casruleo creata ponto Qujeque Aucona, Cnidumque arundinosam Colls, quaeque Amathunta, quaeque Golgos. Catoll. in Annal. Volns. 679. Praxander and Cepheus came together into the island of Cyprus. Praxander led his party from Therapne, which was a city of Laconia, not far from Sparta, but situated on the opposite side of the river Eurotas, and containing a temple of Castor and Pollux : Et vos Tyndaridffi, quos non horrenda Lycurgl Taygeta, umbrosjeque magis coluere Therapnse. Statiuj, Sylv. lib. IV. 680. The followers of Cepheus came from Dyme, Bura, and Olenus, all cities of Achaia, and in- cluded in the twelve which were the foundation of the famous Achaean league. Polyb. lib. II. cap. 41. Olenus was afterwards swallowed up by the sea ; as also Bura, or Buris, according to Ovid : Si quaeras Helicen, et Burin, .\cbaiadas urbes, Invenics snb aquis. Met. lib. XV. 293. •■ 682. When Diomede was compelled to fly firom iEtolia, he took refuge with Daunus, and built in Italy the city of Argyripe or Argyrippa, called also Argos Hippium, and, according to Pliny, Argippa. Vidimus, cives, Diomedem, .\rgivaque castra. » * • ♦ Ille urbem Argyripam, patnse cognomine gentis, Victor Gargani condebat lapygis agris. ViK<^iL. JZn. XI. '34C. G 2 44 CASSANDRA. ^tolian, who shall see his friends beloved Expand their snowy M'ings, shall see the down In feathery pride come 'mantling o'er, their breast, Shall see them rush into the waves, and sail Swan-like, pursuing with capacious beak The scaly shoals, while on their prince's. isle Tier above tier shall rise their frequent nests. Scooped like a sylvan theatre ; there long, In rural peace^ like Zethus shall they dwell, And hunt their prey, when Night descends on earth Darkling ; with screaming voice and wild affright Far from each barbarous rout they wing their way,* Smit with the love of Grecian stoles, and oft From Grecian hands shall snatch their wonted food. Sleep in their bosoms, every motion watch With upward eyes, and chirp the loving song. Oh Hand divine ! O Source of all his woes ! How shall he weep the wound whence ichor flowed 68^ 690 695 700 NOTES. 684. After the death of Diomede, his companions were changed into marine birds, resembling swans : Si volucram quse sit dubianim forma requiris ; Ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxiraa cygnis. Ovid. Met. XIV. 509. This transformation Diomede is fig^atively said to have seen. 689. The Insula Diomed6a, or island of Diomede, was in the Adriatic, where these birds built their nests round the temple of their former chief, maltreating all persons who approached, except those in Gre- cian habits. (See Aristotle riiji 6at^airj«» i-novci^Tun.) Virgil mentions in his fifth book the amphithea- trical appearance of the hills, where their nests were erected tier above tier: - Mediaque in valle theatri Circus erau- Ver. 288. 692. The companions of Diomede are said to imitate Zethus, because he assisted his brother Amphion in building Thebes. 700. Diomede, as is well known from the Iliad, wo'unded Venus in the hand with the assistance of Minerva. Venus, in revenge for this injury, se- duced JEeialea, the wife of Diomede, to commit adultery with Cometes the son of Sthenelus. CASSANDRA. 45 In ruddy drops from Troezen's Queen ; what time To baleful love-rites shall the Wanton lure, The spear her dowry, and her bed the grave. He flies on wings of winds ; Hoplosmia's fane Receives him trembling ; thence Italian shores Shall view him striding on the column's height. Marble on marble heaped, which erst the King Of Waters, Amoebean architect, Piled to the clouds, but in the piny womb Of some great ammiral the massy bulk — : Flew lightly o'er the waves. Can brothers wrong Their kindred blood? — Alaenus shall deceive; For which the chief shall curse the barren soil. That never dews dropped from the dripping wings Of Twilight, nor the morning showers on earth Descending soft from aether, nor the wreathes Of curling mist, shall fill the corny reed With fatness, and enrich the furrowed soil ; 705 710 715 NOTES. 702. Venus is called TrcEzenian from TrcEzen a city of Argolis, where Phaedra dedicated a temple to the goddess. Strabo relates that the city was sacred to Neptune, and thence called Posidonia. 705. Juno was worshipped by the E16ans under the name of Hoplosmia; in her temple Diomede took refuge, when he discovered, that, notwithstanding the apparent joy of iEgiaiea upon his return, she was engaged in a design against his life. He afterwards fled to Daunia, and associated himself with Daunus ; with whom when a dispute arose concerning the division of some booty, the matter was referred to Alcenus the brother of Diomede, but, enamoured of Euippe the daughter of the king, he decided unjustly in favour of Daunus ; in consequence, Diomede cursed the soil, and prayed that it might never reward the labour ot the husbandman, except when cultivated by one of his .Etolijuj countrymen. 707. After the death of Diomede a statue was erected to him upon a pedestal formed of the stones which had been brought in his ships as ballast, but which had formerly been part of the walls of Troy erected by Neptune, who is styled " Amoe- bean," from t^olfin, amoibe, " an exchange," be- cause he exchanged with Apollo his oracle in Delphi for one the latter possessed in Cala- bria. 46 CASSANDRA. Save when tli' ^Etolian arm shall tame the ground Sturdy, and drive the stubborn team afield. And still through rolling years he shall possess The stedfast base, nor power of mortal arm Shall move the marbles ; for the shores along Soft gliding without step shall they return, Hold the chief honours, and the shrine command. Him all the children of Ionian plains Godlike adore ; for in Phaeacia's isle. Pierced by his spear, the dragon wTithed in death 720 725 Some to the sea-encircled rocks shall sail, Gymnesian Isles, and wrap their sturdy limbs In shaggy spoils of blood-polluted fur. Unrobed, unsandaled ; round them shall they twist Three slings of double cord, and missile power; 730 NOTES. 725. Daunus cast the statue of Diomede into the sea, but it swam upon the waters, and returned again to it's pedestal. 727. By the " Ionian plains " is meant the Ionian Sea, wtich lies immediatel}- south of the Adriatic, and is so called from lo the daughter of Inachus. The inhabitants who dwelt upon it's shores wor- shipped Diomede, because, according to the Scho- hast, he destroyed in Phaeacia the dragon which guarded the golden fleece, and which had come thither in quest of it. 730. Cassandra proceeds to enumerate the wanderings of the Greeks, and foretells that the Boeotians will be driven to the Baleares, or Balearides, called also the Gymnesian Islands, (now Majorca or Mallorca, and Minorca). Diodorus Siculus says that they are called G}-mnesiae from the inha- bitants going naked during the summer : " Tvfi- vijertai Jta To Tot); iroixovrra; yvj^fov^ t^c iffthrto; Biovi, I ne name Baleares is by some said to be of Phoenician origin, and Bochart derives it from two Hebrew roots ; but the Greeks, according to their custom, derive it from the Greek gixxm, " to throw," and sav that it was given to these islands from the skill of the inhabitants in slinging. " ntxrayttivtrrat Ba^ia;ir< ix-o Tov 0x^X■» ToT; a^tianu^ Xi6«tMf tfflttf ya^axTt 01 £?«lAor atBoSf MuXv ii fut xoJu'ouffi Sioi. HoM. Odyss. K'. 30*. Mercury is said to be " tripled-formed" as well as Proserpine, and probably for the same reason, from his oflaciating in heaven, earth, and the shades below. 793. Tiresias was metamorphosed into a woman by kiDinga female serpent on Mount Cithaeron ; and afterwards, by killing the male, re-assumed his former sex. 794. The ancients sacrificed to the Infernal Gods by digging a foss, into which they poured the blood of their victims, after having made libations of honey, wine, and water. The ghosts were sup- posed, on tasting the blood, to recall the past cir- cumstances of their Uves, which had been blotted from their memory by the waters of Lethe : but Tiresias retained even in death, by the especial favour of Proserpine, his recollection of the past, and power of anticipating the future : O'u TiT>i/ff6ai. HoM. OdvM. And Callimachus: Kai fAOfo^, tVTt dani, wtwrvfjuwc^ ir nuvicvt CASSAND ifA. 51 Pressed by th' enormous weight of Sicily, Lie gasping ; whence Typhoeus pours on high Th« fiery volumes of tempestuous flame, Where erst the sire of men and Gods in wrath Planted the race of apes ; fit successors To those who vainly thought with giant strength " Up to high heaven to force resistless way." 805 Then by the tomb of Baius shall he steer His hapless pilot ; by Cimmerian shades, And hoarse-resounding Acherusian waves ; By Ossa's heights ; by where the Lion trod, 810 NOTES. 805. After the giants were overthrown in their war against the Gods, and Typhon was buried under Mount iEtna, Jupiter peopled with monkeys the islands on the west of Italy, in contempt of their former inhabitants. They were thence called Pithecusae, from xi^xot " an ape." Another story is told of the metamorphosis of Candulus and Atlas into monkeys by Jupiter, whom these bro- thers vainly endeavoured to deceive : Inarimen, Prochytenque legit, sterilique locatas CoUe Pithecusas, habitantum nomine dictas. Quippe Deum genitor fraudem et peijuria quondam Cercopum exosus, gentisque admissa doloss, In deforme vires animal rautavit ; ut idem Dissimiles homioi possent, slmilesque videri. Ovid. Metam. XIV. 89. In which lines it is to be remarked, that the poet has made aV^istinction between Inarime and the Pithecusae ; but FUny asserts both these names to belong to one island, called also iEnaria : " JEna- ria a statione navium Mneas, Homero Inarime dicta, Graecis Pithecusa." Lib. III. cap. 6. Strabo and Ptolemy, who mention the Pithecusae in several passages, take no notice of Inarime or .£naria; and Antoninus, who gives the position of ^naria, never has the word Pithecusae; which phaenomena would seem to point out their identity. 808. Baius was pilot to Ulysses, and gave his name to the celebrated Baiae, according to Strabo, with whom agrees Silius Italicus : Primores adsunt Capuae, docet ille tcpentes Unde ferant nomen Baiae, comitemque dedisse Dulicbis puppis stagno sua nomina monstrat. Lib. Xn. ver. 114. 809. According to Homer, the nation and city of the Cimmerians were at the extremity of the ocean. Pliny places their city in Campania : *' Lacus Lucrinus, et Avemus, juxta quern Cimmerium oppidum." Strabo treats the whole as a fable. 8 10. Acheron was a river of Italy, in the country of the Bruttii. It may be collected from Pliny, that near it was a city called Acherontia ; and coins have been found inscribed with the word AXEPONTAN. By the " Acherusia palus " Lyco- phron probably means that between Cumas and Misenus, confounded by some with Avemus, and the Lucrine lakes. Ossa is a mountain in Italy. H2 52 CASSANDRA. Seeking the herd ; by where Proserpine's grove With gloomy foliage sheds infernal night ; By the red waves of fiery Phlegethon, Where rises high to this aethereal air The rocky chain, whence everj^ lapse of streams, Each secret source of waters gushing down Rolls o'er Ausonia's cultivated plain : Thence from Lethaeon's hills I mark him fare By black Avernus ; by Cocj^us* wave, Where sobs, and shrieks, and other voice than song Pierce the dull ear of Night ; by Stj^gian founts. Where falsehood never comes, so Jove ordained, When 'gainst th' enormous brood, the Titan race. The vollied thunders of his arm prevailed. I mark him pour the stream from urns of gold To gloomy Dis, and to the Queen of Hell Hang high his helm, and consecrate his plumes. 815 820 825 NOTES. 812. Hercules bridged the river Orontes by casting rocks into it, on his retumJrom an expedition in which he brought off the herds of Geryon. The bank between the Lucrine lake and the sea was called Via Herculeana ; it is Mentioned by Cicero and Sihus Italicus. Et sonat Herculeo structa labore via. P»op. lib. m. 81 6. " nc>Mityfun xo'^o!." The Apennines, from whence spring most of the rivers of Italy. The Scholiast absurdly supposes woXtJiy^t to be the name of the mountain. 819. Lethzeon is a mountain of Italy. Avernus or Aornos is a lake near the Lucrine, and surrounded with woods, according to Virgil : Divinosque Ucns, et Avema sonanda sylvis. jEn. in. 442. 823. When the Gods conspired with the Titans to dethrone Jupiter, he received assistance from the river Styx, whence he decreed that an oath by her waters should be for ever inviolable. According to Hesiod, if a Deity swore by Styx, and after- wards was guilty of perjury, he was deprived of his di\'inity for one hundred years. 828. Ulysses, on his return from the shades, raised a column to the Infernal Deities, and on it suspended his helmet. Meursius brines several unnecessary authorities to prove that the ancients were accustomed to offer up in their temples votive shields, and other pieces of armour. CASSANDRA. 13 Daughters of Tethys' son, whose carols sweet Your tuneful mother gave to charm the soul Ne|;ting the breeze with winding melodies, When by your rocks the bark careering flies. Unheard your song, down from the beetling steep Impetuous shall you leap, and dip your wings Deep in the Tuscan billows : so the Fates Have spun the deadly tissue of your line. 830 835 One shall Phalerus' beachy verge receive, And dewy Glanis, there the fane shall rise. And still Parthenope the Voice shall hymn When circling years return, the sacred bull Fall for Parthenope, and stream the wine : Aye, and for thee, sweet maid, in rapid race Shall gleam the torch, when to the chief who rules Mopsopian navies speaks the Voice divine : And all who dwell by Naples shall revere. 840 845 NOTES. 829. It has been already mentioned that the Sirens were daughters of the Muse Terpsichore and Acheloiis the son of Tethys. They threw them- selves into the sea from grief that Ulysses escaped their incantations. 837. Naples, which according to some authors was built by Phalerus, tyrant of Sicily, was originally called Parthenope, and received it's name from the Siren " ipsa Parthenope a tumulo Sirenis appellata." Plin. lib. III. cap. 5. 838. The Glanis is a river of Campania, and is the same with that called Clanius by Virgil. Dionysius of Halicamassus mentions it as near the Vulturnus: " riixfi ri oTfaToViJii pVorrif aoViF ToTofMi, OuoAToufFOf in/ia flarify, rf ii tTi'jM rXaiij." Lib. VII. p. 419. 843. Diotimus sailed from Athens to Naples, in obe- dience to an oracle which commanded him to sacrifice at the tomb of Parthenope: he there instituted games in imitation of those at Athens, wherein the competitors in the fdot-race carried torches, in honour of Vulcan or Prometheus. 844. Attica was formerly called Mopsopia. Where towers Misenus, shall thy name adore. Leucosia, thrown upon Enipeus' rock, Shall name her monumental isle, where Is And neighbouring Laris to the vasty deep Press on their tide, and roll their watery war. 850 Ligea, floating to Tereina's towers. Shall cleave the waves; around her Ocean wreathes His crisped smiles, and with funereal rites Shall dank and dripping mariners invoke Her parted shade, and raise the rustic tomb. And he, the God who rears his horned brow. Shall lave the marbles with the purest lymph Where rolls Ocinarus, Ausonian stream. / 855 I see the patient chief where he confines The struggling winds, and sinks to short repose ; But soon the storm shall rise, the mountain waves 860 NOTES. 847. Misenus was trumpeter to ^neas, and gave his name to a promontory not far from Cumae : Monte sub aerio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo Dicitur. Viroil. ^n. VI. 234. 849. Is, and Laris, axe both rivers of Italy. 852. Tereina, or, as it is spelled by Strabo, Terina, is a city in the country of the Bnittii : it was built by the Crotoniatse, and, according to Strabo, destroyed by Hannibal. It gave it's name to the bay tiear which it was situated, now called Golfo di S. Ocinarus. Eufemia. Near it flows the river 857. The ancients were accustomed to represent their river-gods with horns. AcheloUs is so described by Ovid in his Metamorphoses; and Horace gives to the Aufidus the epithet of " Tauriformis." 860. Cassandra proceeds with the wanderings of Ulysses, and foretells that his associates will open the bags in which the winds have been enclosed by .Slolus. The stoiy is well known. CASSANDRA. ihall drive the bark swift reeling o'er the main, .ashed by a scourge of lightning ; he shall grasp [he olive branches glancing from the rock, lad tremble at the seas w^hich foam below. 55 865 I see him wasting in th' Ogygian isle The fleeting hours, and clasp the beauteous nymph Old Atlas' daughter ; soon to roam the main Mth oar and sail, when he shall build his bark With restless hands, and drive the iron cramps. And close-compacted keel ; then launching forth. Alone he cuts th' immeasurable way. (But now the God, who girdles round the world, Shall heave his oceans on the raft, and burst The bars, and^catter o'er the swelling tide Sail-yards and l^ils, and dash into the brine The chief, entwined with cordage, like the brood Of callow wing which fill the halcyon's nest. Long shall he roam, and dwell with him who loved Anthedon, seat of.Thracian kings, on waves 870 875 880 NOTES. 8i. Ulysses after his shipwreck clung to the wild olive which overhung Charybdis, on which oc- casion Homer compares him to a bat : Tu Tj», " hated by Saturn," restrict it to this story, and not, as Canter thinks it may be interpreted, the same cruelty exercised by Saturn upon father Uranus ; though ApoUonius says that latter circumstance gave rise to the name Drepane. The island was probablv so ca from the cur\-ature of it's form. 895. Polyphemus, who was blinded by Ulysses, prayed to his father Neptime that his em might never reach Ithaca, or at least not til had experienced many wanderings, and seen death of all his companions. 896. Neptune was called Melanthus by the Atheni In the contest which he maintained with Mint he caused a horse to spring out of the groi for which reason he was sumamed " equestrie CASSANDRA. Yes, he shall come, and view the watery. cave Joyous, and shades of Neritus beloved. Hills forest-crowned, but see his noble house, And rich magnificence of pillared halls, By lusty lovers from its base o'erthrown ; And she, the modest harlotry, shall waste His wealth in riots, and Misrule shall loi*d. What woes the king shall bear ! what fiercer toils Than those, when Scaea's gate beheld him wade Through lakes of Trojan blood ! How shall he bear (E'en while Revenge sits brooding on his heart) Threatnings of slaves ! How shall he brook the blows Of caitiff hands, and scorn the traitor stone ! For well he knows the scourge ; the bloody wale. Sealed on his flesh, still swells where Thoas plied Frequent the lash, when not with coward groan -51 900 '>r 905 910 NOTES. 399- Neritus, by some considered as an island, is said by Homer to be a mountain in Ithaca : NiifiTOF fiMci'^uMoy. Odyss. I". SI. 903. By the " modest harlotry " is meant Penelope, of whom some authors relate a good deal of £inti- quated scandal. She is accused of having borne a son to Mercury, called Pan : others say that this name, signifying in Greek " All," was given to him because he was the son of all the suitors. Ovid appears to insinuate that her motive in pro- posing the trial of the bow was different from that ascribed to her by Homer : Penelope vires juvenum tentabat in arcu ; Qui latus argueret comeus arcus erat. Canter ridicules the Scholiast for supposing the word " nat " in the words • o^trai A to be a proper name ; but unjustly, for what he has said will by no means bear that interpretation. The author of a poem attributed to Theocritus, or Simmias the Rhodian, calls Ulysses " the husband of the mother of Pan:" 906. The contest for the dead body of Patroclus was carried on before the Scaan gate. 911. Ulysses permitted himself to be scourged by Thoas, that he might appear a deserter from the Grecian army, when he entered Troy in order to carry oflF the Palladium. ^* ■A^J" l"> ■syarrun, iuminirjn *.f.-f^— ,;, HoM. 58 CASSANDRA. Stubborn he stood in voluntary pains, Conceiving wiles wherewith to snare his foes. And fraught with fables, and warm-flowing tears Wind him into the easy-hearted king : Our greatest curse! whom Bombyl^an realms Of old engendered, and Temmician hills; Who saved alone, shall view his comrades sink Transfixed by lightnings in the wave ; shall seem A fowl marine swift scudding on the seas With rippling wing ; or lie upon the shore. Bedded in oozy foison, like a shell Long worn by waters, and by tempests tost : Shall view the Bacchanal of Sparta waste His treasured stores, to feast the Pronian rout. And die long lingering through decrepid age. Far from the shores, where Neritus shall shield The hoary raven, and enclose his war : Deep in his side shall sink the bony shaft. The fishy point Sardonic, and his son 915 920 925 930 NOTES. 017. Prinm, whom Ulysses deceived by his strntngcin. 918. Autolycus, the father of Anliclea the motlier of Ulysses, inhabited BoEotia, which contained the mountain Bombyl6a, anij part of whiclj was for- merly inliabitcd by theTemmices. 926. Tyndanis and Icariiis were brothers. Penelope was daughter of the latter, by Peribcea, and con- sequently of Spartan extraction. 927. Thucydides informs us that the Cephallenians had four cities, " i! KipxM.otUi TIT{«l^o^l^ oJcra," rfaXAiTt, K^arisi, XayuaToi, Ufirxioi. The Prona:^i are probably the same as the Pronians of Lycophron, by whom he means the suitor*, many of whom came to Ithaca from CcphaUenia. Polybius names the town itself Proni. 932. Tiresias prophesied that the death of Ulysses should proceed from the sea : accordingly, when Telegonus, bis son by Circe, came to Ithaca to seek his father, an accidental rencounter took place, and Telegonus, not knowing him, killed him witli a javelin headed by the bone of a fish : ■ 0a»«To? ci TOI l{ a\oi avTti CASSANDRA. 59 Shall deal the blow, his son who boasts his blood Kin to Pelides' bride : him Eurytus Shall crown with garlands of prophetic fame. And all who dwell by Trampya, where the prince, Tymphaean chief, who leads Epirot bands, Shall slay the royal Hercules, whose veins With blood of iEacus and Perseus flow, And Temenus, sprung from Alcides' loins. 935 940 The wily chief shall lie by Perge's hills Entombed in wide Gortynia, and shall weep His child and bleeding spouse ; for to the shades NOTES. 934. Circe, the mother of Telegonus, was sister to ^etes the fatlier of Medea, wlio became the wife of Achilles in the Elysian Fields. — Aristotle says that the Eurytanes were a people of ^tolia : they were so called from Eurytus. Stephanus is certainly wrong in placing them in Italy. 9S6. Trampya is a city of Epirus, where Ulysses had an oracle. Tzetzes accuses Lycophron of incon- sistency, and charges him with saying that Ulysses was buried in Epirus, in contradiction to a subse- quent passage, in which he asserts him to have received sepulture in Tuscany ; but surely the verses, may imply no more than that he was revered as a prophet. 937. Polysperchon, chief of the Epirots, slew Her- cules, the son of Alexander the Great and Barsine. Hercules derived liis descent, on his father's side, from Perseus and the son of Alcmena, and by his grandmother Olympias from ^acus. — The Tyinpha;i were a people of Epirus, according to Strabo : 'Hvtt^Zrm i tlat Kot Afi^iy^x" - - - - ««i Ti/fuparoi- lib. Vn. p. 225. Pliny places them under the ^tolians, and, being on the fron- tier, they probably passed under the dominion of different states. They took their name from the mountain Tympha, or, as it is sometimes written, Stympha. 940. Temenus was gr^at-great-grandson of Hercules the reputed son of Amphitryon, and was one of the ancestors of Alexander the Great. 941. Perge is a mountain of Tuscany. Canter tells ua that Gortynia was a district of Tuscany. Gor- tynia, or Gordynia, is mentioned by several authors as a city of Macedonia. Tliere is extant an epitaph on Ulysses buried in Tus- cany. 943. By the son and wife of Ulysses are meant Tele- machus and Circe. Telemachus having married Cassiphone, tlie daughter of Circe, put liis mother-in-law to death, but was liimself assas- sinated by Cassiphone, in revenge for lier mother's murder. 60 CASSANDRA. His son with blood yet reeking on his hands Shall rush : the murderous sister shall destroy, Kin to Apsyrtus, and to Glaucon kin. These woes shall he behold, this storm of grief. And tread once more th' irremeable path Of Hades, never doomed to see the skies Serene, and dream the tranquil life away. Ah, wretch ! how better had it been to plough The stubborn soil, and, feigning frantic lore, Lash the dull beast, than thus to roam on earth Outcast, and drag the lengthening chain of woe ! 945 950 But listening to the airy voice of Fame, Th' unhappy Bridegroom, fired by hopeless lore, With many a toilsome march, o'er many a wave. Shall seek the Sprite, the shadow of a dream. What oceans shall he search? what lands explore? First shall he see the rocks whose weight oppress Stern Typhon's blasted limbs, and Her who rears Her marble form upon the Cyprian shore : 955 960 NOTES. 946. Cassiphone is said to be kin to Apsyrtus and Glaucon, because ^etes, the brother of Circe, wai father to Apsyrtus, and Pasipha'e his sister was mother to Glaucon. 951. Ulysses, that he might not be forced to go to the Trojan war, and leave his wife Penelope, feigned madness, and yoked an ox and an ass to a plough; but PaJamedes placed the infant Telemachus in the furrow, upon which Ulysses turned aside to avoid hurting his child, and discovered his stratagem. 956. The bridegroom is Menelaus, and the sprite is the image of his wife Helen, which vanished after the destruction of Troy. 961. Sicily and the adjacent islands, being volcanic, were fabled to have been heaped upon Typhon. 962. When Venus was concealing herself in the island of Cyprus, her retreat was pointed out by a woman, who was changed into stone, in order to punish her loquacity : others relate that cruelty to her lovers was llie cause of this metamorphosis. CASSANDRA. 61 Then fear the dangerous crags, the jutting cliffs, By which the dusky nations of the Nile Steer shuddering, and th' embattled towers, which rise 965 Where Myrrha wept, though clothed in woody shade, Her odorous tears, and felt a mother's, pang. Nor shall he not behold the' tomb, where sleeps The lovely youth, 'gainst whom the Muses erst Sent forth the tusky monarch of the grove ; 970 Whence floods of sorrow flowed down the bright eyes Of; Schoenis, amorous deity, what time. Beside some fountain's rushy brink, she wept. Then shall he mark the towers where Cepheus ruled, And fountains springing from the printed steps 97^ Of Laplirian Hermes, and the double rock 'Gainst which the monster of the ocean rushed Eager, but found far other prize, and seized Deep in the spacious cavern of his jaws The vulture son of gold, who rode the breeze 980 NOTES. 965. Biblus, a city of Phoenicia, where Myrrha was changed into a tree. Tlie bark afterwards opened, and produced Adonis, the otTspring of her incestuous intercourse with lier father Ciny- ras. See Ovid. Metain. 972. Venus, according to the Scholiast, is called " Schoenis," from i7-x»"o? " a rush," a species of which plant is said to have been in use as a cosmetic or provocative. Perhaps she is so called from a bed of rushes having been some- times found a tolerable substitute for Violets blue. And fresh-blown roses, washed in dew. Miit. Alleg. 974. Cepheus was king of Ethiopia, in wliich country, while Mercury was employed in guarding lo, a fountain sprung up from under his heel. 976. For the epithet " Laphrian " see the Note on verse 418. — The rocks to which Andromede the daughter of Cepheus was chained, that she might be. devoured by the monster which ravage^ Ethi» opitij by command of.Npptune, to pimish the pr^sumptioi) of her mother Cassiop^a, who chal- lenged the Nereids to vie with her in beauty. 980. Andromede was released from her perilous situ- ation by Perseus, the son of Jupiter, who, that he might enjoy Dana'e, metamorphosed himself into gold : Fore enim tutum iter, et patens, CoDverao in pretium Deo. Hob. Od. W. 16. 62 CASSANDRA. Sandaled with wings, and with his faulchion smote Th' enormous ore, wide wallowing on the wave ; Who raised the steel divine, and from the trunk Severed the snaky visage of the Fiend Distilling blood, whence sprang the winged steed, And wonderous rider; who enclosed his foes In marble robe, and with uncovered shield Froze their young blood, and stiffened them to stone ; Who stole upon the Sisters three, and thence Joyful returned, but ne'er to them returned Light, nor the guide of threefold wanderings. 985 990 Next shall he view the thirsty plains which drink The summer wave, and quaff rich floods of light, Asbystes' stream, the mossy beds of ooze. Where stalled with phocae, from whose reeking hides Exhales no Syrian odour, shall he lie. This for his Helen he shall bear, his bride, 995 NOTES. 981. Perseus is called a^gofXoTTifot, because he bor- rowed the winged sandals of Mercury. 984. The fiend is Medusa, whose head was struck ofT by Perseus, and from whose blood sprung Chry- saor, and the horse Pegasus. The head of Medusa had the power of converting into stone whosoever looked upon it. 989. The Gorgons had but one eye, which each used alternately ; but Perseus stole it during the exchange. 992. The plains of Egypt, which are annually OTer- flowed by the Nile. 994. The river Asbystes takes it's name from the As*bystae, a nation of Libya. 995. Menelaus and his companions deceived Proteus by wrapping themselves in the skins of phocte or sea-calves, whose disgusting smell' is men- tioned by Homer : HoM. Odyss. CASSANDRA. 63 His constant mother of a female line. His Argive love, his many-wedded dame. Then shall he wander to Calabrian realms, Hanging his gifts unto the Queen of Spoils, The goblet bossed with brass, the shielding hide Spear-proof, and sandals which adorned his spouse. From thence to Siris, and Lacinian plains. Where to Hoplosmia the soft heifer gives The garden stored with 6dorous sweets, and plants Of every bloom ; there every maid shall weep The giant seed of ^Eacus, the son Of Ocean's nymph, the thunderbolt of war — Shall weep, nor wrap around her lovely limbs The broidered vestment, nor the vermeil woof Of purfled robes, for to the Queen of Heaven Old Ocean's daughter consecrates the shrine. 1000 1005 1010 NOTES. 998. Helen had two daughters, according to Lyco- phron, who calls her but other authors assert her to have brought forth none but Herniione. 999- Helen, as is well known, was not an Argive, but a Spartan. In the terra " Argos," however, the whole of the Peloponnesus is sometimes in- cluded, and Homer frequently calls her 'a^w ■£^l>^l, " the Argive Helen." 1001. The " Queen of Spoils" is Minerva, to whom Menelaus oHered up his shield, a brazen goblet, and the sandals of Helen. 1004. Siris is a town and harbour of Lucania. There is also a river of that name. — Lacinium is a pro- montory near Scylaceum, called Scylletium by the Greeks : praterque Lacinia templa Nobilitall Dei, Scylaceaque liltora fertur. Ovid. Met. XV. 701. 1006. The temple mentioned in the preceding citatioa is that which Lycophron asserts Thetis to have dedicated to Juno Hoplosmia, who was worship- ped under that name at Elis. Strabo mentions it, and says that it was very rich, and full of votive offerings, " i>a,^ii)un>n jurrit." In tllis Dionysius agrees. 1008. Achilles, the grandson of .Slacus, and son of Thetis. 64 CASSANDRA. Thence to th' inhospitable shore, where feats Of blood and wrestling please the cruel king (Whom erst Colotis bore, Alentian queen, Who joys to wander by Longurus' lake). He steers, where fell from Saturn's hand the scythe Blood-dripping, by Concilia's wave, by plains Of green Sicania, by Gonusa's stream. The temple's raftered height, which to the wolf Clothed in the lion's skin the gallant seed Of Cretheus raised, when o'er the seas he flew, And fifty heroes filled the wonderous prow : And still the shores, where trod the Minyae, gleam With glistening remnants, which no wave can wash, No dews, nor showers of thick descending snows. • 1015 1020 1025 NOTES. 1014. Sicily, where reigned Eryx the son of Venus, who put to death all strangers whom he con- quered in wrestling. He gave his name to a mountain, and city, in which was a temple of Venus Erycina. 1016. Venus Colotis had a temple in Cyprus, and was worshipped in Attica under the name of Colias, which was also the name of a promontory in the vicinity of Phalerum. Kw^iit 'AffoJ^rnf i7rl«sI^lo^J'o^ ioTOf«oF i^Sxant'" whereas Lycophron, by ifru Kfo'xiii, " the scythe of Saturn," may mean that with which he perpetrated cruelty, as well as that from which he suffered it. 1021. The tetnple of Hercules was erected near the African Syrtcs, by the Argonauts under the command of Jason the descendant of Cretheus: there they are said to have celebrated games, and to have washed themselves in the sea; but the oil with which they had anointed themselves remained on the shore, nor could it be washed away by rain or snow. \ CASSANDRA. 65 Hark ! how tlie rocks, which by Teuchira rise. Sigh to the mournful echoes of the waves ! The frequent corpse lies dashed upon the shore 1030 Where Atlas on his sandy desert stands A tower of strength ; where Mopsus lies entombed Sprung from Titaeron, and the broken beam Of Argo decks his sea-beat monument, Beside Ausigda, where the fattening streams 1035 Of Cinnyphus enrobe the verdurous soil ; Where erst the dame who fled from Colchis gave The bowl to Triton, and the massy round Of chased and chiselled alchemy ; for he. The son of Nereus, shewed the narrow pass, 1040 And Tiphys steered swift Argo through the rocks. Then chaunted loud the God, " Whene'er a Greek " Again shall touch this wonderous bowl, whene'er " The rustic Libyan shall forego the prize, " Mourn, Afric, mourn ; for in thy native breeze 1045 " The Grecian standard floats victoriously." These threats shall scare th' Asbystae, they shall hide NOTES. 1028. Cassandra proceeds to prophesy the shipwreck of G uncus, Prothous, and Eurypylus, near Teu- chira (or Taucheira, according to Herodotus and • Strabo) a town of Cyrene, whicli iS a district of Libya. 1032. Mopsus the Argonaut, son of Ampycus, and grandson of Tita;ron. 1035. A city of Libya on the river Cinnyphus. Me- dea, who gave a golden bowl to Triton, the son of Neptune, as a reward for having pointed out to the pilot through what channels to steer the Argo. Triton prophesied to the Libyans, that they should become subject to Greece, when- ever a Libyan should give back this bowl to a Greek. 1041. Tiphys was the pilot of the Argonauts: Quid mihi cum Miiiyis, quid cum Tritonide pina. Quid tibi cum patril, navita Tiphy, mei ? Or. HitoiD. ep. VI. ver. 47. 1047. The Asbysta;, as has been already mentioned, were a people of Libya. K 66 CASSANDRA. The fatal gold deep in the gloomy shades Of Earlli, whither tlie stormy north shall drive The prince who leads Cyphajan hosts, and him, Son of Tenthredon, from Palythrium, Who sways the sceptre o'er Amphrysian streams And Euryampian towers; and him who rules The snowy plains, where stands the ravening wolf Stiffened to stone, and all the mountains hoar Where high Tymphrestus heaves into the clouds. Of these what numbers shall regret the plains Of ^Egonea ! nor Olosson's fields, Nor Gonos, nor Plialanus, nor the towers Of Castanea, nor Perrhgebian realms. Nor Irus, nor Echinus, nor the rocks Of Titarus, nor Trachis, shall remain 1050 1055 1060 NOTES. 1050. Guneus came to the Trojan war from Cyphus, a city of Perrha:bia : TovHVf i IK Kvfou *)yi avu xa) ilKotrt ^ag* HoM. Cat. Dictys of Crete asserts him to have been killed at Troy, 105 1 . Prothous, whom Homer calls the niler of the Magnesians, and son of Tenthredon. 1052. The Amphrysns is a river of Thessaly, near the city Halos. Ovid, in eniimerating the principal rivers of Thessaly, includes the Araphrysus. Multa quoque Apidani placuenint gramina ripis, Multa quoque Amphiysi. Met VII. 2'28. 1053. Euryampe is a city of Magnesia. — Eurypylus, who ruled over Thessaly, where was to be seen a wolf metamorphosed into stone. Peleus killed the son of Psamathe the Nereid, who sent a wolf against his flocks ; but at the entreaties of Thetis she transformed it into marble : - Lapidis color indicat iilnm Jam non esse lupum, jam non debcre timeri. Ov. Met. XI. 405. 1056. Tymphrestus is a mountain of the Meiienses, a tribe of Thessaly ; to whom belong iEgonea, a city, and Titarus which is also the name of a mountain. Echinus is a city of Thessaly near Larissa, as is also Irus, and Trachis, which, ac- cording to Strabi), is six stadia from Heraclea : «^Jla." Gonus, or Gonnus, called also Gonni, and Gonusa, and by Homer Gonoessa (aiirilni ror^Krya), is a city of Perrhapbia, according to Strabo, who also mentions as a Perrhmbian city Olosson, or Oloosson, since called Elasson. " 'oxootrw, na! i 'HXftJr*!, lllpp%t$iKai tJxii;, xat Tona^" Lib. IX. 303. Livy says that Gonnus is twenty miles from La- rissa, close upon the Vale of Tempe. Phalanus is a city of Thessaly, or Epirus. Castanea, or, as it is written by Herodotus, Casthanea, is placed by tliat historian in Magnesia. CASSANDRA. 67 Unwept, nor shores of Thessaly ; and still Lie on the beach their bones, unburied, bare. On E WOE IS PAST ■ANOTHER WOE SUCCEEDS 1065 Where on ffinotrian shores Crimissa rears Her humble walls, and on the fringed banks Of iEsarus looks down, to Death shall haste Who felt the viper's venom in his veins, And quenched the burning brand ; (for she who loves The trumpet's clang shall give the steel to fly, And guide the shaft from the Maeotian string Winged from his bow, who burnt by Dyras' stream The maddening Lion ; from his nervous hand The Scythian serpents hiss, the jarring chord Clangs in the lyre of Death ;) upon his tomb 1070 1075 NOTES. 1066. CEnotria is an ancient name of Italy : nine Itate geiites, omnisque CEnotria tellua. ViKo. ;En. VU. 85. Crimissa is a town in llie country of tlie Briittii, near a promontory of tliat name. Steplianus says it is close to Crotona and Tliurium : " Kfifi'"") woXn IraVia^, ff^rcrio* K§&Ttf»o{, xat ©offjoy. Near it ran the river /Hsariis, wliicli, according to Livy, flowed tiirough tlie middle of Crotona ; but after the sacking of that city by Pyrrhus, the dimen- sions of the inhabited part were so much con- tracted, that the TEsarus was not included within the walls. 1069. Philoctetes, who was wounded in the foot by a serpent, or by one of the arrows dipped in the blood of the Hydra. He afterwards slew I'aris, who is called a Firebrand, because, as has been already mentioned, Hecuba dreamed tliat she was delivered of one. He ciune to Italy after the siege of Troy, and built Chone on the promon- tory Crimissa, and also Macalla. 1070. Minerva, to whom is attributed the inventioo of the trumpet. 1073. Philoctetes, at the request of Hercules, placed him on the funeral pile, near Dyras, a river of Trachinia, and received from him tiie bow which had formerly belonged to the Scythian Teutarus. 1075. The arrows are compared to serpents, from their length, swiftness, and hissing noise. Tl^e re- semblance is renilered more exact from the circumstance of the darts alluded to having been dipped in the blood of the Hydra, and rendered poisonous. Horace has, if I may so express my- self, the coHvez-si; of this simile : Kumpat et serpens iter inbtitutum, Si per ubiiquum, similis sagittae, Terruit mannos. ' Od. III. 27. .^schylus too calls aa arrow trntit »fi», " a winged serpent." K 2 68 CASSANDRA. Crathis shall gaze, where Patareus enslirincd Commands th' Alaean fane high-throned, and rolls His watery war Nauaethus to the main : There shall th' Ausonian tribes, Pellenian bands, Destroy the hero, while his arm assists The Lindian chiefs, whom far from Carpathus, Far from Thcrmydrus' heights, shall Tiirascias drive To weep and wander through the sad sojourn : There by Macella shall the natives raise The temple o'er his tomb, and shed the blood Gf holocausts, and as a God adore. , 1080 1085 And HE shall dwell deep in Langarian vales Whose arm shall form the steed, who from the spear NOTES, 1077- Crathis is a river of Lucania, nearThurium and Sybaris: it falls into the bay of Tarentum. — Patareus is a name given to Apollo by Horace : Qui Lyciae tenet Diiraeta, natalemque sylvam Delius et Patareus Apollo. Od. Hr. 4. 1078. Philoctetes dedicated a temple to Alsean Apollo, because he had at last found a place of rest from his wanderings. Ala;an is said to be derived from iXoKrSai, and Patareus from a town of Lycia. 1079 Nauajthus, or, as it is called by Strabo, Ncicthus, is a river in the district of the Bruttii, flowing between Crotona and Petelia. 1082. Lindus is a city, and Thermydrus a harbour of Rhodes, where the name Lindo is still to be found. This city is mentioned by Homer : AErJIiP, IqXv^ffor Tl, tut) a^irotrrat Ktifiitpof. ^ ^ Catal. V. 162. Carpathus is an island between Rhodes and Crete. From Rhodes n colony came to Italy, where they met with great resistance from a number of emi- grants from Pellene, a town of Achaia, who killed Philoctetes, while he was in the act of assisting the Rhodians. Strabo bears witness to the fact of a Rhodian colony landing in Italy. 1085. Macella is a city of the Bruttii, more generally called Macalla, (Holstenius in this passage reads Macalla, on the authority of a manuscript). Can- ter refers toVarro, to prove that, among thelonians and Sicilians, Maccllus means an enclosure, and thinks that such may be the signification here. 1088. Epeus, the fabricator of the Trojan horse, dwelt in Langaria subsequently to the taking of Troy, and suffered for the perjuries of his father Pano- peus : For when the children of Ptcrelas carried off the herds of Electryon, he promised the hand of his daughter Alcmena to the person who should bring them back. Amphitryon undertook the expedition, in conjunction with Cephalus and Panopeus, and conquered by the assistance of Comjetho, the daughter of Pterelas, who be- trayed her father from the love she bore to Cephalus. Amphitryon and his soldiers had CASSANDRA. 69 And strife of men with coward hurry starts. How shall he rpourn his father's perjuries. Who, when the bridegroom on Comaetho's towers Rolled all the thunder of the battle, dared For flocks and herds, the prizes of the sword. Swear, falsely swear, by the Cydonian maid. And thee, great God of Spears, who rulest wide On Thracian hills, or hear'st thou rather King, Canddon, or Mamertus, lord of war ! Nor this alone, for in his mother's womb, Ere heaven had dawned upon his infant eyes. Round the twin-babe he twined the wrestling arm ; For which the Gods with weak and timid soul Gifted his seed, well knowing how to shine In bloodless contests of gymnastic oil, Well fraught with wiles, well stored with subtleties Of specious art, but in the strife of death Coward, and trembling at the lance's gleam. Far from his native home, by Ciris' stream. By Cylistarnus shall he dwell, and hang High in the temple of the Myndian maid 1090 1095 1100 1105 1110 NOTES. sworn to conceal no part of the plunder, which oath was violated by Panopeus. — Langaria, or, as it is called by Stephanus and Strabo, Lagaria, is a town of Lucauia, to the south of the river Soils. 1095. Minerva Cydonia was worshipped by the people of Arcadia. Pausanias tells us that she had a temple in that district : "e. Tainti ri x"if logs. The names of CaadaoD and Mamertus are again given to Mars, in verse 1636. 1099. Panopeus fought with his brother Crissus before either were born. To punish him, the Gods caused his son Epeus to turn out a good wrest- ler, but a coward in battle. (See Homer's Iliad.) 1 108. Ciris, and Cylistarnus, are rivers of Italy. 70 CASSANDRA. Mechanic steel, and all those instruments By which the pest of imaged beams shall rise, Leap from the den, and ramp upon our walls. And some shall tread the lone Sicilian shore, Whither the perjured prince Laomedon Sent erst the bark which bore the triple charge Of lovely maids ; for still upon his soul Weighed every word Phaenodamas had breathed. Still to his eyes his daughter's form arose Prey to the ravening ore ; wherefore he bade To cast the nymphs unto the savage ^rood Which howl on barren Lestrygonian shores. But flying from the solitary strand. To soft Zerinthia shall they build the fane Who bore the Wrestling King: thence as they roam, One shall the River-god Crlmissus press With fierce embrace, and wrap his limbs divine In likeness of a hound : the nymph shall bear 1115 1120 1125 NOTES. I 111. Aristotle tells us, in his book nrj! Siv/iairiut AnoutTftc^Tarr, that Epciis consecrated those instru- ments with which he made the Trojan horse, in the temple of Minerva situated in Calabria. Mi- nerva was called Myndia, according to Canter, from a city in Caria. 1115. Laomedon, incensed that his daughter Hcsione had been substituted for one of the three daugh- ters of Phfenodaraas (see Note on verse 34), sent them to be exposed on the shores of Sicily, part of which island was colonized by the La;strygones, a nation of Italy, called afterwards Leontini : Prima Lcontinos vast-Anint pnelia campos, Regnatam diiro quondam Lwstrygone terram. Siu. Ital. These three daughters were preserved by Venus, and one of them bore to the river Crimissus a son named Egestes, or Acestes, who built three cities, .fligesta or Segesta, Eryx, and Entella. Ocoirrit Acestes Horridns in jaculis et jicllc Lib>'5tidis an«: Troia Criniso conccptum flumine mater Qucm genuit Vi»o. JEa. V. 38. The Crinisns of Virgil is probably the same with the Crimissus of Lycophron, which is a river of Sicily, flowing into tlie Hypsa. CASSANDRA. 71 A wonderous Ijoy, who oh Sicunian plains Shall build three cities castellated pride ; Who from Ideau shores shall bear away Anchises' spurious branch, and in the soil Of rich Trinacria plant the budding germ. 1130 Segesta, thee the sanctities of Heaven Have steeped in sorrows ; ne'er to thee shall come Joy, nor the voice of song, since Ilium blazed Wrapped round with flame ; alone shalt thou deplore It's towers and sacred shrines, and heave the sob Ceaseless, and groan through ages ; sable robes Of woe shall clothe thine habitants, and all Squalid with grief, and savaged by despair. Dishevelled tresses of entangling curls Shall float upon their shoulders, signs of woe. 1135 1140 By Siris some shall hold Leutarnia's plain. Where Calchas, skilled in Sisyphean lore, 1145 NOTES. 1131. Egestes, or Acestes, came to Troy, and took back witli liiiu Elyinus, an illegitimate son of Anchises. 1 133. The three promontories of Sicily, from which it obtained the name of Triuacris, are Pachynus, LilybaJum, and Peloris. 1134. The inhabitants of Segesta continued to wear mourning in memory of the misfortunes of Troy. , The use of this dress is confirmed by liistory. 1144. Leutaruia and Siris are cities of Italy. Siris was a sea-port, attached to Heracica, situated near a river of the same name ; and Strabo says that a tradition existed of it's having been colonized by Trojans. 1 145. The death of Calchas, after his defeat by Mop- sus, has beei) already mentioned in the Note on verse 498. Lycophron has there asserted that Calchas was buried in Colophon ; and, as usual, the Scholiast accuses him of inconsistency ; but a few 'lines farther on, the poet informs us tliat this tomb by Siris and Leutarnia was merely a cenotaph: ^voTt tiii>^^ ^A» Turvipou. ThKOC. v. 5»1. 1148. Canter asserts, on the authority of Hesychius and Stephanus, that Italy was formerly called Chonia, and thinks the name might have origi- nated from Hercules, who was called Chon by the Phcenicians; but Apollodorus, as quoted by Strabo, tells us that Phlloctetes built the city of Chone near the promontory Crimisa, from whence the inhabitants of that district were called Cho- nianS ; " XaJw wi\tt Cirt^ Kfi^/trr); ax^aj oixurat, a^' {{ oi Tovm Xiftf ^ll^»fl»llra'." Lib. V I. 1152. Minerva. (See Note on verse 418.) 1 154. When the Trojans fled to lUily after the taking of Troy, the inhabitants of Crotona, though ori- ginally of Achsean extraction, assisted them in an attack upon an Athenian tribe which had settled there, and murdered the fugitives who had fled to the temple of Minerva, whose statue is said to have averted her eyes. 1156. Attica was formerly called Ionia, from Ion or laon, the son of Xuthus, (or, according to Ste- phanus, of Apollo). Ion is supposed by some to be the same person with Javan, the descendant of Noah, the radical letters of whose name in He- brew may be pronounced Javan, or Ion, accord- ing to the manner in which they are pointed. Homer calls the inhabitants of Attica laones, as also ACschylus ; and Herodotus, by informing us that they dropped the name, bears witness to the same effect. CASSANDRA. 73 Some on Tulleslan hills, and rugged steeps Of sea-beat Linus swelling to the, clouds. Bow down th^r heads to the brave Amazon, Who borne on foreign waves round foreign shores Shall seek her queen ; what time in fields of war Brass binds her helmed head, brass round herlimbs Gleams dreadful to the sun. Th' ^tolian Ap6i>. t . Shall wound the martial glories of those eyes. As closed in night they slumber.; but the spear Shall nail the dark deformity to earth.'* , . : These towers, these bulwarks of the mighty maid, Crotona's children shall despoil, and slay. Clete, the queen of Clete : Well I know That Laure's sons shall win no easy field. Nor cloudless be the tempest ; for what troops Pierced by her steel shall bite th' inglorious dust ! What clenched hands shall grind the gory soil ! What sobs of death come bubbling up in blood ! 1165 1170 1175 NOTES. 1161. Some of the Greeks settled in Thessaly, the birth-place of Clete the Amazon, who, while in search of her mistress Penthesilea, was driven by a storm to Italy, where she built a city, and called it by her own name. — The Tullesian mountains, and Linus, are in Tliessaly. 1167. When Achilles had slain Penthesilea, on rais- ing her helmet, and discovering her beauty, he lamented his victory, and slew Thersites the iEto- lian, who had wounded her in the eye. Sophocles, in his I'hiloctttes, differs from almost all other authors, in asserting that Thersites survived Achil- les. The Scholiast on Homer says that Achilles killed him with a blow of his fist, because he slan- dered her memory. — Thersites is called an ape on account of his deformity. 1 174. The Crotoniatffi, descendants of Laura, the wife of Croton their founder, after several generations attacked and destroyed Clete, the queen of which city was herself always called Clete. They slew the last of the race, but not till they had severely suflered from her courageous resistance. L 74 CASSANDRA. Some by Terina, where Ocinarus Rolls down his limpid crystalline, shall dwell In sad repose, worn down by bitter toils. 1180 The bloody Boar, the son of Gorge bold, Who drinks Lycormus' waters, and the Chief Of feeble spear, who boasts the second prize Of beauty, tost on stormy seas shall roam; For now the North shall rush on frozen wings From Thracian caverns, drive their shattered pine Where Libya's sands unwet with morning dews Spread barren ; now shall Afric's sultry son Roar from the South, and fraught with bickering storms In dark encounter ride upon the waves ; Till, bursting from the bosom of the deep, Epirot ridges and Ceraunian woods Shall bound the black horizon of the main, 1185 1190 NOTES. 1179. Others dwelt in Terina, a city of Italy, by the river Ocinarus. (See Note on verse 852.) 1 182. Thoas and Nirens were driven to Libya, and afterwards by a southerly wind to Epirus. Thoas was the son of Andrtemon and Gorge, and by birth an ^tolian, for Lycormus is a river of ^tolia. He is termed a Boar from his martial * spirit: The bristled Boar in infant gore Wallows beneath the thorny shade. Gkat's Bard. 1183. Nireus, the son of Charopus and Aglaie, was , considered as inferior to none but Achilles in beauty; but he was a bad soldier, and brought but few followers with him to Troy. Homer mentions him once, and only once, in the Iliad : Nif/)( i Oiv TvfjiriQii aytf r^tT( t^a^ iMnK, Nt^iOf, AyXatnt S vie;, Xat^*oi^ t' sraxrof, Tftiy cMmt Aarcufr fjLir ofjiVfjLvra nqXifvra' AAA' tO^votnoi mr, vai/^Of 9} oi ir?riTe Xa&f. 1193. The Ccraunia, or, as they are sometimes called, Acroceraunia, are mountains of Epirus, part of which country was inhabited by the Mylaces. The river JEas takes it's rise in Mount I'indus. " O Ai«? flroT«fio5 va^a rov nirffbt; o^ofc - -' - - va^affu, Scylax. — Crathis rises in Mount Pindus. CASSANDRA. 75 There long they roam, and drink swift ^Eas' stream, Outcast, exiled ; and by Mylacian reahns. By Crathis shall they wander, by the towers Of Colchian Polae, where those dwell beside Dizerus, deeply flowing stream, whom erst The Prince of Corinth and of ^Ea sent To seek his daughter o'er the waves ; they flew Swiftly, but swifter fled the bark divine, And bore the bride, the willing prize, away. 1195 1200 And some to Malta, near Othronus' isle Shall steer, where round the rocks the chafing wave Still urges, flowing from Pachyniis' shores. And Ulyssean hills, (things by their names I call, as yet unnamed,) where the fell son 1205 NOTES. 1198. Polae, or Pola, was a city of Istria, built by the Colchians whom jEetes dispatched to recover Medea. They failed in their pursuit, and, in consequence, were afraid to return. The story is mentioned by Pliny, who tells us that in his time it was called Pietas Julia. These exiles are said to have given their city the name of Polae from a word in their language signifying banishment : To ^11 ^vyaiiaji t»s iriTirot T^amoij ara^ Kiirut y^fftr oro/XTi»i rio^of. Fragment. Callih. cit. Strab. 1199. Dizerus, according to Stephanus, is a river of Illyria, dwi «» i>fi " from tombs." — Helorus is a river of Sicily, which flows near a city of that name, near Pacliynus. " 'E\u(ot to'xij Zmixlat, b'to *E\w^0l/ ToTafAOV Toy nana na^vnv' StCphanUS. It IS said to inundate the surrounding country, in the ealne manner as the Nile. ' 1212. Elpenor, intending to strike a servant who was negligently conducting his grandfather Abas, missed his aim, and killed the latter ; for which reason being forced to .submit to banishment for one year (aToiaimir/xJt, the usual punishment of homicide amongthe ancients,) he persuaded a body of his countrjTnen to follow him to Troy, from whith he aftenvards went to Olhronus, but was driven from thence by serpents to Abantia a city of lllyricum. Homer however tells us that he was killed at Troy by Agenor, and an epitaph is ex- tant " upon Elpenor buried at Troy." 1214. Coscynthus was the ancient name of the Euri- pus, a strait between BcEotia and Euboea. 1219. Ceres Erinnys was worshipped at Telphusa, a town of Arcadia, near the river Ladon. CASSANDRA. . 77 And dwell upon the shores, and quaff the stream Which down Chaonian Polyantlies flows. 1225 By where the marbles on Ausonia's plain Rise, empty sembVance of a tomb, and bear Their Calchas' name, one of the healing pair Shall heap a foreign dust upon his bones. In fleecy spoils the curious crowd shall sleep Fast by his sepulchre, and dreams divine Draw back the veil which clothes futurity. Wet with Althaenus' wave the Daunians pour Their soul into the prayer, and call the God Loudly, to scatter from his healing wing Health on the herd, and busy tribes of men. There what a sun shall on the heralds burst, 1230 1235 NOTES. 1226. Polyanthes is a river of Chaonia, wiiich is a dis- trict on the eastern coait of Epirus, to the south of the mountains called Acroceraunia. Apollo- nius fables that Phat}ton fell into the mouth of this river : AifJtrni U *r^0X"^( IToXuafdfo,-. ApoLLON. 1228. See Note upon verse 114.5. 1229. Podalirius, the son of iEsoulapius, and brother of Machaoii, was buried in ItTily, near the ceno- taph of Calchas. Thither the neighbouring tribes resorted for oracles, and, wrapping themselves in the skins of sheep, awaited prophetic dreams; which custom is mentioned by Strabo, lib. VI.; and by Virgil: • casarum ovium sub nocte silenti Pellibus incubuit stratis, sumnosquc petivit. ««. VII. 87. 1234. Th6 persons who came to consult the oracles washed themselves with the water of the river Althxnus, whose name is derived from a word signifying " to heal," dwi toD a^iaimi. 1238. Diomede cursed the soil of the Daunians, and prayed that it might never prove fertile till culti- vated by iEtolian husbandmen. (See Note on verse 705.) In process of time, the .fitolians demanded the inheritance of Diomede, and sent ambassadors, who,after having consulted an oracle, received for answer " That they should hold the land in perpetuity." These delegates made their requisition, but were in consequence buried alive ; and thus was the prediction fulfilled. The Scho- liast confounds these persons, both here and in a preceding note, with the man and woman of Greece and Gaul who were buried by Fabius Maximus in the Roman Forum, and then pro- ceeds to attack his author with his usual sagacity and acuteuess of criticism. 78 CASSANDRA. iEtolian fools, and liglit them to their graves, When from Salangian and Angaesan tribes They claim their chieftain's heritance, the fields And fattening furrows of sustaining earth! Deep in the tomb, and caverned gloom of Death, Alive shall they descend, unwept, unmourned, And roofed with horrent stone the Daunian race Raise the rude monument ; thus shall they hold The plains beloved, the portion of the king. Son of the Boar, who ground with cruel jaws The warrior's head, and dyed his tusks in blood. 1240 1245 Where Lampetes erect with hornc^d head Juts from Hipponian hills into the main, Shall steer the troops whose chiefs derive their race From ancient Naubolus, nor more shall plough Fair Crissa's heights, but on Crotonian shores 1250 NOTES. 1241. The Salangi and AngS Condemns to sad celibacies of woe: Larymna, Spercheus, ye Boagrian streams, Ye towers of Thronium, ye Pyranthian woods, Phalorias, Cynus, Naryx, Scarphe's walls, 1335 1340 NOTES. 1324. When the Daunian virgins were averse to mar- riage, they arrayed themselves in mourning, car- ried a wand or staff, and embraced tlie statue of Cassandra, liuving previously tinged their cheeii)| to mean " black night." 1S49. The first virgins who came to Troy suffered death from the resentment of the Trojans, and their ashes were thrown into the sea. The Scho- liast conceives Traron, in the verse to be the name of a hill near Troy. Ricard, in his Paraphrase, im.igines it to be the proper name of one of the virgins : " Earum cinls in mare dissipabitur velut cuidam Traroni accidit." Scaliger translates the passage, Cinerem procellis Tentilabit Mulciber Colurabs ab altis interempt« monpbus: from which it is plain that he read not T^i^ntt, but T{»{«(n, " a dove." Lycophron so con- st.intly gives the name of Dove to his heroines, that this interpretation is adopted in the trans- lation. 1356. Rhaelea, the daughter of Sithon, gave her name to the Rhsetean Promontory near Troy. CASSANDRA. 85 There shall they lurk, a race proscribed, a mark For Scorn to point at ; for each Trojan eye Shall scowl upon the damsels ; every boy. Youth, or grey-bearded sire, shall seize or stone Or axe, or staflF hewn upon Ida's hills. Or spear of ashen length, or sword of proof. And quench the thirstings of his hand in blood. 1365 O Mother ! Mother J neither shall thy fame Float on the wings of Silence, but the spouse Of gloomy Dis, queen of the triple form, Persean Brimo, shall in brutal vest Thy members clothe, and limb thee like an hound ; Around the couch of Sleep with nightly tread Stern shalt thou stalk, while from thy glaring eyes Gleam terrors, such as in their souls infix Plagues who with torches honour not the queen Of Thracian Strymon, and Pherean plains : And on Pachynus' shore thy cenotaph Shall rear it's sacred marbles j round it Dreams 1370 1375 1380 NOTES. 13C9. It has been already mentioned that Hecuba was clianged into a dog by Hecate ; which goddess was worshipped under the name of Brimo, or Obrimo. Hesiod itigns that sire was the daughter of Parses and Asteria, for wliich reason she is styled Persei's by Apollonius and Ovid. 1377. Torches were used in the Elcusinian mysteries and the sacrifices to Proserpine, in memory of those which Ceres lighted at Mount ^tna when she sought her ravisiied daughter. 1378. Before the extension of the limits of Maccdon, the river Strymon was the boundary between that country and Thrace. — Hecate was worshipped at Pliera;, a city of Thessaly, not far from the Paga- sa'an Bay. Cicero mentions it, and adds, that it was possessed of great power. " Pheras qui£ erat urbs in Thessalia aduiodum nobilii." Lib. 1. cap. 25. de Divinal. 86 CASSANDRA. Shall spread their wings of soporific shade. So wills the lord who by the flowing streams Of famed Helorus pours the sacred wine. Dreading the triple queen ; for on thy limbs First of the Greeks he heaved the murderous stone, And offered thee, priest of the rites of Hell. 1S85 But not in vain, O Brother, not in vain, Light of my life, dear as my fostering blood ; No, not in vain thy princely care shall pile The heaps of numerous holocausts, and burn Ambrosial incense and ambrosial flowers To Him, who sitting on Ophion's throne Looks o'er the world; thee to his native shores 1390 NOTES. 1382.' Ulysses, as has been mentioned above, was the first who cast a stone at Hecuba. He was after- wards terrified by a dream, and built a temple near the promontory of Pachynus, beside the river Helorus. — Hecuba is feigned to frighten all persons who neglected to pay adoration to He- tate, in conformity with the mythology which re- presented that deity as attended by dogs whenever «he was present at nocturnal incantations ; Serpcntes, atque videres Infernos errare canes. Hon. Sat. I. 8. The Dii Manes, and the spirits of those who had been unjustly put to death, were supposed to have the power of punishing and alarming the guilty ; Quin ubi pcrire jiissus cxplravero, Noctiirniis occurram furor ; Petamque vnltus umbra curvis iinguibus ; Quae vis Deorum est Manium. Hon. Od. V. 5. 1389. Homer makes mention of the piety of Hector, whose spirit was translated after death to the Islands of the Blest. Between the ages of Brass and Iron, Hcsiod places a fourth generation of heroes, some of whom he says were killed at Thebes, others at Troy, 'e>Jiii{ i.k' dwoVow. These were placed by Jupiter in the Happy Isles, at the extremity of the earth, or, as Milton phrases it, " The earth's green end." *Ef /ASKa^w? iDOem.- Hesiod. These fortunate regions the Scholiast docs us the honour to tell us are the British Islands, about which he relates several most marvellous' anec- dotes. 1392. Tlie throne of Jupiter was formerly filled by Ophion and Eurynome : tiiey were dispossessed, and hurled to Tartarus, by Saturn, and Rh6a the mother of Jupiter. Ophion is mentioned by .Xschylus, I'indar, and Apollonius. CASSANDRA. 87 (Shores hymned by every song, by every Greek Voiced tunefully) the grateful God shall bring, 1395 Where erst his mother wrapped in secret shade (Who wrestling with the consort of the skies. Hurled her to night profound) brought forth in woe The wonderous boy, what time the Goddess fled The bloody banquets of her spouse, and feasts 1400 Infanticide ; but not the tender limbs Of his own son the cruel father crushed. Of his own seed the murderer and the tomb. But glutted down the stone, and linten folds Of swaddling robe : there in the blissful isles, 1405 Shores of the Blest, with heroes shalt thou dwell, Beneficent in death ; for the sown race Of Ogygus shall hear the Voice divine Sound from Terminthian LepsiAs, healing God, And burst the cearmerits of thy tomb, and bear 1410 To lands Aonian and Calydnus' towers Thy saviour bones, when battle shall deface Their fields and shrines of Tenerus destroy ; NOTES. 1400. Saturn, that he might not be in liis turn ex- pelled by his own children, devoured thera as soon as born. Rhea secretly placed Jupiter under the care of the Curetes and Corybantes, and gave to Saturn a stone wrapped up in swaddling-clothes. 1408. Ogygus, the son of Neptune and Ahstra, was one of the ancient kings of Uceotia. The inha- bitants of Thebes are said to have sprung from the dragon's teeth which were sown by Cadmus. They consulted the oracle of Apollo while their city was suffering from pestilence, and were commanded to bring the bones of Hector from Phrygia to Thebes. 1409. Apollo is called " Terminlliian," from Termin- thus, an herb used in medicine. 1411. Boeotia was formerly called Aiinia. — Calydnus was a king of Thebes. 1413. Tenerus was the son of Apollo and Melia: hs had ao oracle and temple near Thebes. 88 CASSANDRA. And still with songs and sacrificial blood Thee shall th' Ecteni like a God adore. 1415 To Cretan Gnossus, to Gortyna's towers, Shall roll the tide of slaughter ; Ate there, The bridemaid of my nuptials, shall o'erwhelm Thrones and dominions. Not in vain the bark Bounds on the surge of the careering wave To bear the mariner, whose subtle wiles Shall twine round Leucus, guardian of the realms : Then shall he spare nor blood of infant babes, Nor Meda, beauteou^ queen ; no, nor the charms Of Clisithcra, Avhich th' unhappy sire Had promised to the Dragon whom he nursed ; But all shall die where rears her hallowed porch 1420 1425 NOT 1415. The Ecteni, according to Pausanias, formerly inhabited Bceotia. Nonnus, in his Dionysiacs, gives the name of Ecteni to the Theban chiefs. 1416. Gnossus and Gortyna are two of the principal cities of Crete. " rioxm ilo-ir ii tS Kj^tj •jtaeiokc /iir, Kvimia." Strab. lib. X. 1422. When Idomenciis sailed to Troy, he entrusted his kingdom and family to the care of Leucus his adopted son, and promised, on his return, to give him his daughter in marriage. Nauplius sailed to Crete, and persuaded Leucus to seize on the go- vernment, and put to death Meda and Clisithera the wife and daughter of Idomeneus. 1427. Ceres Erynnis was worshipped at Onca;, a city of Arcadia. The Scholiast explains the goddess E S, Onca to mean Ceres, and tells us that she was so called from Oncse, a town of Arcadia; but iEschylus, in the Seven against Thebes, gives the epithet Onca to Minerva : 'OfKixf 'A6ni<, fi/> fioji Tci{(rr«Ta>. Ver. 49S. And afterwards, n^n (x!» 'Oyx« TlixiAAf, nr ay^lTToMt, HvKaKri yiiT«, «. T. X. Ver. 507. The Scholiast upon this passage informs us that it is an Egyptian or Phoenician name, given to Pallas by Cadmus, when he came to Thebes in obedience to the oracle of Delphi. Fictitious in- scriptions have been palmed upon the world, in which mention is made of the goddess Onga or Oga; but the forgery has been detected, and most ably exposed, by R. P. Knight, in his Analysis of CASSANDRA. Great Onca Pallas, in her very fane Die by his hand, and welter in their gore. 89 . " Visions of ^lory, crowd not on my soul ; " Immortal sons of an immortal sire, Bound on your brows (so valour should be crowned) The laurelled meed of conquest shall entwine ; O'er earth and seas extends your dread domain, Powerful of realms ; o'er empires and o'er waves In solemn majesty your sceptred hand Rules far and wide, and shakes the conquering spear. Nor yet, my country, no, nor yet thy fame Shall fade in darkness ; such a martial pair, Twin Lions, shall my Kinsman leave, who springs From Choeras and the Castnian Queen, well skilled To pour the honied words,^r guide the war ; 1430 1435 1440 NOTES. the Greek Alphabet. The quotations from iEschylus have influenced the Translator to adopt the interpretation which confers the epithet on Minerva; but it is difficult to decide in a my- thology where the appellations and attributes of the Goddesses are so much mixed and confounded ; — a circumstance which will not surprise those who have been accustomed to consider them as one and the same, " vnXxZy imndnm fioff >! ula," and as representing the passive principle of nature. 1430. Cassandra foretells the power and extent of the Roman empire, its origin from iEncas, and the birth of Romulus and Remus, whom she calls Twin Lions, .ffineas was kinsman to Cassandra, as will appear from the following table: Tros Ilus Laomedon — < Priam — ■< Cassandra Assaractu — Capys — Anchises •>■ — j'Eneas 1441. Venus is styled Castnian, from Castanea, a city of Magnesia; and Chceras, from the hogs sacri- ficed to her by the Argives : or perhaps the epithet was applied to the Venus nix>^/M«' x"i'" ^ Greek being synonymous with ti aiinXm y\n»%xun, N 90 CASSANDRA. Who to Rhaecelus first shall fare, and dwell By Cissus' heights, Avhere the Laphystian maids Exult, and rear their Mimallonian horns: Him from Halmopia shall the Tuscan waye Receive, and Lingeus, from whose smoking founts Springs out the boiling streanf, and Pisa's towers. And green Agylla crowned with snowy herds. With him the Foe shall mix his friendly host. Pledge of their plighted loves, and bend the knee To Powers unseen, and write an oath in heaven, The Avandering chi^f, who o'er the pathless tracts Of land and seas explores his anxious way. With him the princes (sons of Mysia's king. About whose struggling limbs the God shall twine 1445 1450 1455 NOTES. 1443. Rhscelus is a city of Macedonia ; and Cissus, according to Canter, is a moiiutain of that country, but Strabo mentions it as one of the villages of which the inhabitants were transferred to Tliessa- lonicB by Cassander : " Mitwkicti ri vi^i^ ToXi;^i'ia tU avrit* oTof XoAwrr^ocr, Airitar, Kiiraii. Strab. hb. Vll. 1444. The Bacchanals are called Laphystian maids from Laphj'stius, an epithet of Bacchus, said to be given to him from a mountain in Boeotia. 1446. The text of the original reads " Habnonia;" and Pausanias says that the Halmones occupy a village in Boeotia; but Lycophron is now speak- ing of Macedon, and Stephanus quotes this verse to prove tliftt Halmopia is a district of that coun- try : " 'AJi/inTla, x"^ ■"« Maxi)W>ia(." The Almopi are situated to the north of the river Panyasus, at the junction of the ridges of Scardus and Hjemus. They are called Almopii, Almopi, or Almopes. 1447. Lingeus is a vfarm spring of Italy. 1448. .Pisa or Pissa, as it is called by the Greek authors, but by the Italian, Pisae, in the plural number, is a city between the rivers Arnus and Auser. It was built by the Pissei, or Pisaia;, who came from a district of Elis named Pisatis. ' Some authors think that Pisa was the ancient name of Olympia : 1449. Caere was built by the Greeks, and anciently called Agylla : it was under the government of Mezentius the king of the Etrurians, and at no great distance from Rome, on a small river which runs nearly parallel to the Tiber. «, 1450. " The Foe " is Ulysses, who entered into a treaty with TEneas, in which he was joined by Tarchon and Tyrrhenus, the sons of Telephns the king of Mysia, who, stumbling against the roots of a vine, was wounded by Achilles. (See Note on verse 247-) CASSANDRA. 91 His tendrils, and break short the spear) shall lead Their armies, Tarchon and Tyrrhenus, sprung, Celestial seed, from great Alcides' loins. Then shall he view, while Famine frowns around, The tables crushed by hungry jaws, and know The voice of seers, and own the prescient God. As many porkers as the fruitful womb Of her produced, who from th' Idaean hills Sailed on the deep, and gave her brood to breathe Thrice ten this air of life, so many towers Shall rise beneath his forming hand, and frown O'er Latium's realms, and Daunia's martial sons ; And in the fane the sculptured brass shall stand, And thick the bristling progeny shall throng. And seem to draw the stream ; the marble roof Shall rise to Myndian Pallas, and around His Household Lares press the sacred floor, Gods of his love ; for from the smouldering flame 1460 1465 1470 NOTES. 1459. Telephus was the son of Hercules and Auge. 1461. This alludes to the prophecy given to .Sjieas by the harpy Celaeno ; viz. that his associates should be compelled by famine to consume their very tables, which prediction was fulfilled ^y the sol- diers eating the cakes upon which they had laid their provisions : Heiul edam mensas consumimus, inquic luliu. Vi»o. iEn. Vn. 116. 1466. This passage is translated in conformity to the interpretation of Meursius. Lycophron never could mean that iEneas built thirty cities: he must mean thirty towers on the walls of Albs Longa. V'rgi' 'ells us that that city was built in commemoration of the white sow and Utter which .S^neas discovered ; but Lycophron asserts that hero to have brought her from Troy, and adds the epithet «ixa(«, " black," which, unless it mean de- lighting in mud, is repugnant to all other authors. Nor is this interpretation overthrown by the cir- cumstance of Alba having been built by Ascanius. In prophetic language, persons are said to per- form whatever is performed by their descendants : in like manner, a few verses below, .Xneas is said to have built Rome, 93 CASSANDRA. He saves nor spouse, nor children,' nor the gold Of garnered stores, but in his sinewy arms Snatches their imaged forms, and with them bears His ag^d sire, and wraps them in his robe. For when the dogs of war shall feast on death Blood-happy, when the leaping lot shall give Our fields and fair possessions to the foe. Him, him alone, shall they permit to cull Frorn treasured heaps whate'er is next his soul : Such reverence e'en from foes his pious love Shall win. He bids, and straight the towers arise Which every bard shall hymn war-proof, of might Invincible, while flows the tide of Time : . And high the walls shall rise by Circe's wood, JEetes' port, where from the stormy main Rested swift Argo, by the Marsic Lake Of Phorce, by Titonian waves, which hide Their sapping waters in the gloom of earth. And by Zosterian mountains, where the fane 1475 1480 1485 14^0 NOTES. 1477. ^neas preserved his father and household- gods from the conflagration of Troy, but lost by the way his wife Creusa. (See Virgil.) 1484. The piety of iEncas made such an impression upon Jhe Greeks, that they permitted him to retain all his possessions, no part of which was exposed to plunder. " o! mxlitm fiSm ixiiw Zr iKfi-nKrit ir T^oU ijocrxt fil trvXriKtxi." Xcilopll. 1485. Rome, which was founded by the descendants of iEneas. 1488. The Circa;an Hills are in Latium, not far from Alba, according to Eiistathius. Near them was the city Circeii, colonized by Tarquin the Proud. 1489. ^etcs was an harbour of Italy, into which the Argo entered, that Jason and Medea might be purified from the murder of Apsyrtus. 1491. Phorce is a lake in the country of the Marsi. — Titon is a river near the Circaean motnitains, which falls into an abyss. 1493. Zostcrium is a mountain of Italy, in which is the cave of the Cuuio-an Sybil Phiemonoij. ' CASSANDRA. 93 Echoes the sounds which from the Sybil's lips Flow fearfully, and rears it's roof of stone. 1495 Such woes shall they endure who storm these towers And if they give, shall they not feel despair? When did Prometheus' mother ever love Sarpedon's nurse, since flowed between their shores The seas of Helle, since th^ jostling rocks Rose dreadful, since th' inhospitable wave And Salmydessus roared on Scythian strands There where Maeotis sleeps, and Tanais cleaves 1500 NOTES. ] 496. Cassandra having foretold the misfortunes which must follow the rape of Helen, enumerates the wars between Europe and Asia, beginning with the rape of lo by the Phcrnician mariners. 1498. Asia, according to some authors, was the wife of lapetus and mother of Prometheus, and gave her name to the continent. Herodotus however calls her the wife of Prometheus, whom Hesiod affirms to have been the son of lapetus and Clymene. ' 1499- Europa, from whom Europe derives its appella- tion, was motlier of Sarpedon by Jupiter. 1500. Lycophron enumerates the boundaries of Europe and Asia, which he says are. The Hellespont ; — The Symplegades, which, from appearing to join and separate as they were viewed under different ' aspects, were fabled to meet and crush the vessels which attempted to pass between ; (these rocks were also called Cyanea;, and were situated at the entrance of the Black Sea;)— The Euxine or Black Sea, which was formerly called Axenus, or Inhospitable, either from the ferocity of its bor- derers, or the dangers of its navigation : This name, from the inhabitants of the coast be- coming more civilized, or perhaps from motives of superstition, was altered to " Euxine," signifying the reverse. 1502. Salmydessus, a gulph opening into the Euxine; and tlie Tanais, a river running into the Mseotic Lake, through the country of the Sarmatx. This river Dionysius makes the boundary between Europe and Asia : Hfos Bo(itit. Ver. 14. but a few lines below he tells us that by some the boundary was fixed at an isthmus between the Cas- pian and Euxine seas. Herodotus brings Europe as far south as the Phasis ; and Plato tells us that the Europeans extend from the Phasis to the Columns of Hercules : Mi>^i>- 'HfntXiun as-i u CASSANDRA. The stagnant lake, upon whose frozen shores The unclad tribes with chilled and painful step Stalk on in ice, and pace the snowy marie? 1505 Cursed be the mariners, the Carnian wolves, Who bore their prize unto the Memphian king. The Heifer maid, who cropped the tender flowers Where humid Lerne spreads her swamps around : Then Discord waved her torch, and reared on high Flames of immortal hate, strife iie^er to cease, Rage ne'er to cool ; for straight th' Idean Boars In dread reprisal seized upon the maid : In gallant trim the sculptured vessel flew Lightly on Ocean's wave, the figured Bull High on the prow drove back the dashing surge, And swift the virgin of Sarapte bore To Dicte's hills,, and on the Cretan lord Bestowed the lovely maid, the captive bride. 1510 1515 1520 Shall War then sleep? Shall this then sate the soul Of swelling Anger? — Teucer arms his host, NOTES. 1507. Certain mariners from Carne, a city of Phoe- nicia, sailed to Argolis, and bore off lo, the daughter of Inachus; then carried her to Osiris, the king of Egypt. In mythology she is said to have been ravished by Jupiter, and transformed into a heifer; in which form, after many wander- ings, she arrived in Egypt, and became the goddess Isis. 1510. Lerne is a marsh near Argos. 1513. The Curetes, to whose care Jupiter was com- mitted by Rhea, retaliated by sailing from Crete to Sarape (called also Sarapta, or Sarepta) a city of Phoenicia, between Tyre and Sidon, whence they brought back Europa in a vessel whose head was ornamented with the figure of a bull. From this circumstance the poets have feigned that Europa was carried off by Jupiter in the shape of a bull. Vide Moschus, Horace, Anacreon, &c. 1519' Dicte is a mountain of Crete. CASSANDRA. 95 With him Scamander, Cretan sire, and leaps In dread array down on the Phrygian sands. Warring with earth-born foes : great Dardanua Shall wed their seed, the noble maid of Crete, Arisba, mother of my kindred line. 1525 Again rush forth the famished Wolves, and seize The fateful fleece, and charm the Dragon guard To sleep ; so bids the single-sandaled- king, Who to Libystian Colchis won his way Fearless, and drugged the soporific bowl7 And ploughed th' enchanted earth, and to his yoke Bowed down the monsters, brazen-footed bulls. Whose voice is thunder and whose breath is flame"; Thence bore the fleecy gold, (but in the rear 1530 1535 NOTES. 1523. Not contented with this achievement, Sca- mander the Cretan, and his son Teucer, invaded Phrygia, where they settled, in obedience to an oracle, which commanded them to found a city on the spot where they should be attacked by an earth-born enemy. While they slept, the leather of their shields was gnawed by mice, and thus was the prophecy fulfilled. 1527. Arisba, or Batea, was daughter to Teucer: she married Dardanus, from whom, in regular suc- cession, descended Ericthonius, Tros, Uus, Lao- medon, Priam, and Cassandra. 1528. The adventures of Jason in Colchis are too well known to require illustration. 1531. The Libystini, according to Stephanus, are a people near Colcliis ; for which reason the Trans- lator has preferred the reading Ai^^irriw to the ■AtyviniKv of the text, to support which it is neces- sary to suppose the Colchians to have been a Ligurian colony. None of the more modern commentators have noticed the epithet fto»o«fni-if, " single-sandaled," in the preceding line : the following is said to be the reason of the appella- tion. Pelias having seized on lolchos, the birth- right of Jason, the latter was forced to fly : the usurper consulted the oracle, and received for answer a caution to beware of tl)e stranger with one sandal. Soon afterwaids, at tlie festival of Neptune, he observed Jason, who had lost one of his sandals in crossing the river Anaurus. Pelias inquired of him in what manner he would get rid of a person of whom an oracle had cautioned him to beware: he replied, " by sending him in quest of the Golden Pleece." Pelias in consequence dispatched him upon that expedition, Philistratus alludes to this story in the twenty-first epistle : 96 CASSANDRA. Revenge scowled on her prey,) and with him fled The Lamb, whose white a brother's blood shall dye, And children's slaughter on her bosom reek. On glides the speaking oak, instinct with thought, Whose vocal beams upon the waters fly Self-moved, self-winged, and prescient of the port. 1540 1545 With stubborn strength who heaved the huge rough stone. Thence took thy father's sword, and belt where hung The dreadful steel, for whom, unhappy seed Of Phemius, rises high the Scyrian rock. Whence whirling down, thy mangled limbs shall lie Unhonoured, unlamented, uninurned. With thee shall come the Lion-whelp who drew The milky globes which swell on Juno's breast, Who seized the girdle, raised the double storm Of war ; for far from high Themiscyra 1550 NOTES. 1539. The Lamb is Medea, who slew her brother Apsyrtus, and her children by Jason. 1540. The ship Argo was built of the celebrated ora- cidar oaks, cut down in the forest of Dodona : from her mast proceeded voices and prophecies, according to Orpheus iind Apollonius. Lyco- phron feigns that she knew her course. ' In like manner, Alcinoiis, in Homer, asserts that the ships of the Phseacians flew spontaneously upon the waters. 1543. ^geus, the father of Theseus, left with ^thra a sword, belt, and slippers, and covered them with ■ an enormous stone ; at the same time he left orders that when Theseus could raise the stone he should imihediately proceed to the court of Athens. 1546. Theseus, in the latter part of his life, took refuge with Lycomedes, in the island of Scy rus, one of the CycladeS. Lycomedes fearing that he might be involved in his misfortunes, treacherously led his guest to the summit of a clifl", and threw hira headlong into the sea. 1549. Theseus invaded Scythia jointly with Hercules, and bore oft" the zone of Hippolyte the queen of the Amazons, and afterwards the queen herself, to whom Lycophron gives the name of Orthosia, which properly belongs to Diana, who is called Orthosia, or Orthia, from a mountain of Arcadia. 1552. Themiscyra is a city of Paphlagonia, inhabited by Amazons. CASSANDRA. 97 He bore the zone, and what of love the zone Rounded, Orthosla, joying in the bow And shafts of missile might : but on shall come Her kindred virgins, like a cloud of night, Breathing revenge, from Telamus shall come, Eris, and Lagmus, and Tliermodon's stream, Thence rush by Danaw's wave dark as the storm, And spur their Scythian steeds, and on the sons Of famed Erectheus and the Grecian host, Pour the loud shout of battailous delight. Throw down the leaguered towers, and roll the tide Of ruddy flame o'er all Mopsopia's field. 1555 1560 Then rules o'er Thrace and Chaladrean plains My warlike ancestor, who fixed the bounds Whiere Peneus flows ; to him each realm shall bow With fettered arms and chain-encircled neck. Brilliant in bravest youth, the mould of form. Veins rich with noble blood, a soul of fire. 1565 1570 NOTES. 1556. In revenge for the rape of Hippolyte, the Amazons invaded Attica, which was formerly called Mopsopia. 1558. Eris, Lagmus, and Telamus, are mountains of Paphlagonia. 1565. Charadra, Chalastra, Canastra, or Galadra, are said by Canter to be either the same place, or to be confounded with one another. Chalastra and Canastra are names met witli in Macedonia. Charadra is said to be a city of Phocis; but, in another place, Lycopliron gives the epithet Xxiai^aTti to Alexander the Great. 1566. According to Herodotus, Ilus extended the Trojan empire over Thessaly and Thrace, as far as the river Peneus. (Herodot. Polyhymn.) Some ascribe this achievement to Laomedon. 98 CASSANDRA. Shall Greece then sleep ? Six vessels sail : and now, The perjured to dethrone, the proud to whelm, Th' Avenger comes. — Who stands upon the prow Clad in the lion's robe 1 He stands whom soon In dread divan and council of the skies, 1575 His might revolving in her altered soul, Shall Gorgas raise, — a God among the Gods. From Tmolus' heights the Hawks expand the wing. And dash from Cympsus, from Pactolian streams Sanded with gold, and from that horrid lake 1580 Where Typhon's consort, caverncd round with gloom. Sleeps on the blasted rock ; thence on they rush By fair Agylla, nurse of snowy herds. And break their spears with those who boast the blood Of giant sires and with Liguria's race: 1585 O'er Pisa Conquest waves her crimson wing. And all bow down beneath the sword who dwell From Alpine ridges far as Umbria's plain. NOTES. 1571. Hercules invaded Troy with six ships, and van- quished Laomedon, who had refused to give the stipulated reward to Apollo and Neptune. 1577. Juno is denominated Gorgas iro^i t^» yofyirnriL, " from her power of producing affright." 1578. Tyrrhenus and Lydus deserting Cympsus, Pac- tolus, and Tmolus, of which the first is a village, the second a river, and the third a mountain of Lydia, quitting the Gyg6an Lake, where inhabits Vipcra the consort of Typhon and mother of Chima^ra, settled in Italy, whither had come the Thracian giants, who afterwards inhabited tlie Pithecusae. 1583. Cserc, near Rome, was anciently called Agylla. 1586. Pisa is a city between the rivers Arnus and Auser. (See Note on verse 1448.) . CASSANDRA. 99 The Firebrand gleams, and kindles Discord's torch, Beneath the ashy steep the sleeping flame i590 Rouzes; then Rhyndacus beheld the bowl By Grecian hands deep-dipped within his flood : But Greece shall well revenge, the venomed sting Shall rankle round her heart, then twice and thrice - Shall she repay, and desolate our shores. 1595 First He, who boasts, Lapersian King of Gods, Thy name, descends, from whose avenging arm Red, as he moves, shall blaze the bickering flame: With him, with him I rush unto the shades, And as I walk among the dead shall hear 1600 A voice cry loud unto the dark sojoilrn. One woe is past! — another woe succeeds! • Second the chief (whose father died enwrapped In meshed toils, e'en as the finny brood Sons of the Wave) shall burn the foreign clime 1605 With many-languaged hosts ; for thus ordained The healing God, and poured the Voice divine. NOTES. 1589. Paris, of whom, when Hecuba was pregnant, she dreamed that she was delivered of a fire- brand. 1592. Tlie story of Menelaus coming to Troy to sacri- fice at the sepulchres of Lycus and Chimaereus, has been related in the opening of the Poem. 1596. Jupiter, as has been already mentioned, was sometimes called Agamemnon, and vice versa. 1599. Cassandra was murdered by Clytemnestra at the same time as Agamemnon : "A/xf ' i/xoi. HoM. Odyss. 1603. Orestes, who, after the death of iEgistlius, went to Tauris in obedience to liie oracle, and brought back the statue of Diana. This account is not strictly consonant to that of the Tragedians. 100 CASSANDRA. w Third shall the offspring of the peasant King Lure the Branchesian Maid to give the seal, And temper with the stream the ductile earth ; Shall found the Phthirian monarchy, and slay The host of Caria's mercenary sons. 1610 Fourth shall Lacmonian offspring, Dymas' seed, Race sprung from Codrus, sons of Cytiuum, Rush from the hills of Satnius, Thingrus' plain. And the broad Chersones6, where ^thon dwelled Abhorred by Ceres, father of the maid Of changeful form, whose daily subtleties 1615 NOTES. 1608. Codrus, king of Athens, when that city was attacked by the Lacedaemonians, having learned from the soothsayers that that nation should con- quer whose king should fall in the contest, disguised as a peasant issued forth from the gates, and provoked one of the enemy to put him to death. By his descendant is meant Neleus. iCog. Neleus, in obedience to an oracle, requested of the daughter of a potter to give him some clay tempered with water, pretending that he wanted it for a seal, for which purpose the ancients made use of argillaceous earth. Among the Eastern nations, to send earth and water was a token of Kubmission ; and we find that Xerxes requested it of the Grecian States as a proof of obedience to his authority. 1612. Caria, of which country the Phthirians are a tribe, was called Branchesia, from Branchus, who built a temple at Miletus. The Carian sol- diers were the first who served other states in the capacity of mercenaries. Here follow, in the Original, three lines, relating to Pero the daughter of Neleus, which are omitted in the Translation. 1613. Dymas was king of the Dorians, who are called " Lacmonian oflTspring, " from Lacmon a moun- tain of Perrhacbia. — Cytinum, or Cytinium, is one of the cities of the Dorica Tetrapolis men- tioned by Strabo : noXi.; f^x" '£{■>«>, BoT.., n;»*>r, KoTi.m. — Satnium is a fountain, and Thingrus a city of Icaria. iClG. Erisicthon the Thessalian cut down a free s.icred to Ceres, who punished him with perpetual hunger. Having reduced himself to utter poverty in appeasing the cravings of his preternatural appetite, he sold his daughter Mestra, who had ' previously transformed herself into the shape of some animal, a power which she had obtained from Neptune. Mestra resumed her former shape, and returned to her father, who by these means supported himself for some time. He is called jlMhon, from a'dv, " to buro." See Ovid. Metam. CASSANDRA. 101 Soothed the fell famine of her sire, who ploughed The barren borders of another's land. 1620 But swift the Phrygian swoops to his revenge : All shall He raze where'er the land extends Nurse of the King who now in Stygian shades Sits on his throne, and rules the trembling dead With laws severe, unknowing how to yield : All shall He raze, up9n whose temples wave The lengthened ears, from which blood-sucking flies Dart fearfully : To him shall Phlegra's plain, Thrambusian hills and Titon's rocky ridge, And Sithon's pastures lowly crouch, and fields Corn-waving of Pallene, where the streams Of fattening Brychon wander, on whose shores Rose in their might the giant sons of Earth. Murder shall walk in bloody robe arrayed. And Havoc's haughty stride, and Mars shall rage. 1625 1630 1635 NOTES, l620. This expressipn seems analogous to that in the Psalms, if the Septuagint have rightly translated it by iki tniioHri iia/iialf -rm xXii'fur, " Though ye have lien between the inheritances." In our English Version it is rendered " Though ye have lien among the pots;" but the discrepancy of the Chaldee and Arabic Versions may perhaps make it probable that this resemblance proceeds solely from a mistake, if llie Seventy are correct, tlie expression seems to have been used proverbially, to denote the most abject state of poverty. 1621. Cassandra prophesies that Midas the king of Phrygia shall revenge the death of his sister Cleopatra (the particulars of which are quite unknown) and desolate Europe, which continent received it's name from Europa the mother of Minos, one of the judges of Hell. The story of the ass's ears is too well known to require illustration. l63l. Pallene is a peninsula of Macedonia, formerly called Phlegra, in which is the city Thrambus, which probably gave it's name to » mountain. Titon is a promontory of Thrace. Sillionia a district of Macedon, near the Sinus Toroua;us. 102 CASSANDRA. Candaon, or Mamertirs, or Avhat name Suits Thee, who feastest on the blood of men. Nor yet shall Asia yield ; for she shall send A mighty giant, sprung from Perseus' seed, Who o'er th' unsolid surface of the wave Shall walk, and through the continents of earth Steer on his floating palaces, and wrap In fiery mantles of avenging flame The wooden walls, nor spare the sanctuary And pillared temples of the martial Maid: Wherefore shall evil days and evil tongues With impious railings taunt the God of Light, Scorning his word, and scoffing at his truth. Then Famine shall devour each blade, and on The locust armies warping, on the bark Of oaks shall batten, nor the olive boast Her verdant honours, nor the river roll 1640 1645 1650 NOTES. 1639. Xerxes, the king of the Persians, who derive their origin from Perseus, the son of Jupiter and Danae. The Greeks are particularly fond of dwelling upon this story of Xerxes building a bridge across the Hellespont, and sailing through Mount Alhos ; but not a vestige remains of the canal he is said to have cut there, and the account does not seem to have been believed in the days of Juvenal: Creditur olim Velificatus Athos, et quicquid Grfficia mendax Audet in historic. Jov. 1640. This antithesis of " walking upon the sea, and sailing on the continent," is constantly recurring : An epigram in the Anthologia styles Xerxes, NayTi)» »»Tii^oy, irif«»5goi wi>Ay%v^, IC44. When the Athenians consulted the oracle upon the best manner of defending themselves from the attack of Xerxes, they were ordered to build wooden walls : They took the command in it's literal acceptation, and erected bulwarks of timber, which Xerxes afterwards burnt, together with the temple of Minerva. CASSANDRA. 103 His undiminished tide, so oft shall Thirst Dip her insatiate goblet in the stream, High o'er their heads a sleet of arrowy shower And iron clouds shall canopy the globe With dreadful shade, veiling the light of heaven And now he rushes like the crackling flame Rolling through ripened corn the ruddy wave; Till fading, falling, as the Locrian rose Of short-lived bloom, a beechen skiff shall hide The Monarch, trembling like a girl who runs To sheltering darkness and the silent cave, Scared by the brazen gleamings of a sword. 1655 1660 Then woes, and wars, and wasting tides of blood, Shall sweep conflicting armies from the world; For some in plains shall bow their heads to death, And some on ridges of the mountain rock. And some on seas shall sink beneath the wave. 1665 NOTES. " Clouds of arrows hurled from afar shall stand over their heads." It is remarkable tlial Lucan has precisely the same expression : 1^ Slant ferrea ccelo Nubila. This is not so correct an inl&ge as tliat of Gray, who represents the arrows as a descending sleet. 1657. For the word Tif'p, which is explained by the Scholiast to signify " the sun," the Commentators would substitute vh^, which by some authors is apphed to that luminary. It is true that niffci is to be met with in no other author, but that is no proof tliat it was not written by Lycophron, who has not scrupled to use fvt^iim, ^a^it, and fnixat, which are not to be found elsewhere. The word is perhaps of Persian origin ; for when mentioning the disasters of a Persian army, our author may be supposed to liave given a Persian name to a Persian Deity, ri " B6r" in the modern Arabic and Persian languages signifies " a globe: " if adopted by a Greek, he would give a Greek termination to this monosyllable, and n would be the nearest approximation he could make to tire sound of it's initial, for B was probably pronounced soft, like our V. 104 CASSANDRA. All murdered: nor till tHeH fetiall ^risly War Sheath his fell sword, and break his iron car, Till sprung from Dardati Seed from vEaciis, Thesprotian, Chaladraean, forth shall rush The Lion form, and ranging for revenge Spring fvom his lai^, and lap his kindred blood: Round him in fawnihjg blandishment shall cower And cringe, and crook the hirlges of their knees, The chiefs of ancient Ai-golis, and yield Sceptres, and realms, and diadems, and thrones. 1676 1675 But when athwart the empty- vaulted heaven Six times of years have rolled. War shall repose His lance, obedient to my Kinsman's voice, Who rich in spoils of monarchs shall return With friendly looks, and carollirtgs of love, While Peace sits brooding upon seas and land. 1680 168'5 Why pour the fruitless strain ? to winds, and waves, Deaf winds, dull waves, and senseless shades of woods NOTES. 1673. The following verges allude to the predominance of Alexander the Great. By his mother's side he claimed a descent from iEacus and Dardanus. 1673. Oljrapias, the mother of Alexander the Great, was an Epirote, for which reason he is called " Thesprotian," from Thesprotia a district of Epirus. His father was a Macedonian, from which circumstance he is designated as a Chala- draean lion. (See Note on verse 1565.) 1675. The Persians are called his kinsmen, because they derived their origin from Perseus, an ances- tor of Hercules, from whom Alexander claimed to be descended. 1680. These verses are perhaps allusive to the peace made with Macedonia (after it's subjugation by the Romans, who were descended from ^neas the kinsman of Cassandra), and incorporation with the Roman Empire. See Preface. 1686. Cassandra, having related the woes which the expedition of Paris must occasion, suddenly CASSANDRA. • 105 I chaunt, and sing mine unavailing song. • Such woes has Lepsieus heaped upon my head, Steeping my words in incredulity; -1690 The jealous God ! lor from my virgin couch I drove him amorous, nor returned his love. But fate is in my voice, truth on my lips ; What must come, will come ; and when rising woes Burst on his head, when rushing from her seat 1695 His country falls, nor man nor God can save, Some wretch shall groan, " From her no falsehood flowed. True were the shrieks of that ill-omened bird." Such was her strain ; she hurried to her cell With troubled steps, and took th' astonished soul 1700 With Siren songs and mournful melodies, , Or phrenzied as a moon-struck Bacchanal, Or furious Sybil, or Phicean Sphinx, Shewed her dark speech, and muttei'ed oracles. But I to thee have borne her words, O King, 1705 Her frantic words, for me thou hast ordained Guard of her cell, and every sound which flows NOTES. 1689- Lepsieus is a name of Apollo. checks herself upon reflecting that no one will believe her oracles : she then derives a melan- choly consolation from the knowledge that justice will be done her, when vengeance has overtaken the guilty. In the same manner in iEschylus she exclaims, Ka( TW»tf OjjLmoi it Tt /xii uriiflw, ti ya^ j 'Ayai y i>cfiijLann oi>Tii(a; !{»{. iEscuYI. Agam. 1691. For the story of Cassandra, see Note on verse 411. 1703. The Sphinx is called Phic6an, from Phiceum a mountain near Thebes. 1704. " I will shew my dark speech upon the harp." Psalm xlix. 4. 106 CASSANDRA. Fast from her lips I straight relate to thee. But, oh ! may all these woes be turne*! to joy ! Still may the God who watches o'er thy House Spread round thy bosom his protecting shield, And guard with arms divine the Phrygian throne ! 1710 NOTE. 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