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 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 THE USE OF THE ADJECTIVE AS A 
 SUBSTANTIVE IN HORACE 
 
 BY 
 
 ABRAHAM LINFORD MYERS 
 
 A THESIS 
 
 Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School in 
 
 Partial Fulfillment OP the Requirements for 
 
 THE Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 THI HEW ERA PRINTIHO COHPAHY 
 LANCASTER, P<. 
 
 1919 
 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 THE USE OF THE ADJECTIVE AS A 
 SUBSTANTIVE IN HORACE 
 
 BY 
 
 ABRAHAM LINFORD MYERS 
 
 A THESIS 
 Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School in 
 Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for 
 THE Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 
 
 > » I > 
 
 , t t . .. .. ■* * » 
 
 i > >* ^ " i ' •* * • •* 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY 
 
 LANCASTER, PA. 
 
 1919 
 
fL^<^.ii'^riQ& 
 
 The writer wishes to thank Professors J. C. Rolfe, W. B. 
 McDaniel, R. G. Kent, G. D. Hadzsits and H. B. Van Deventer, 
 and Dr. E. H. Heffner, for valuable suggestions and encour- 
 agement during the preparation of this thesis. 
 
 
' ', 1 ■> > . 1 
 
 THE USE OF THE ADJECTIVE AS A SUBSTANTIVE 
 
 IN HORACE. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In recent years considerable study has been given to the 
 substantive use of the Latin adjective. This change of func- 
 tion in a word, from adjective to noun, is common to all Indo- 
 European languages. As to its relative frequency Kiihner^ 
 says: "Dieser Gebrauch ist im Lateinischen ungleich seltener 
 als im Deutschen und Griechischen, da die lateinische Sprache 
 selbst da, wo Substantive vorhanden sind, deren Gebrauch oft 
 vermeidet, z. B. animi eorum, qui audiunt st. auditorum." 
 
 The process may take place in two ways. First, the substan- 
 tivized adjective may receive its meaning from the elements 
 of the adjective, e.g., from the root meaning of the word, the 
 suffixes that express certain specific relations, and the endings 
 that indicate gender; this usage may be illustrated by such 
 words as docti, " learned men " ; docta, " a lady of culture " ; 
 iustum, " justice ". Secondly, the substantivized adjective may 
 get its meaning through the ellipsis of a real substantive; for 
 example, dextra, through ellipsis of manus, comes to mean 
 "right hand." 
 
 In the early part of the past century, the subject was investi- 
 gated from a different point of view from at present, namely, 
 from that of the stylist; and it was believed that this phe- 
 nomenon is comparatively rare and confined to few words and 
 to certain special phrases. Such, indeed, was the opinion held 
 by the distinguished scholar. Christian Karl Reisig.^ A study 
 of this subject was made also in 1837 by C. G. Dietrich,^ and 
 
 1 Kiihner, Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache. Hannover, vol. 2 
 (1912), p. 222. 
 
 2 Vorlesung-en iiber lat. Sprachvsrissenschaft (first published in 1839 
 by his pupil Fr. Haase and re-edited in the 80's by Heerdegen, Schmalz 
 and Landgraf), vol. 3, pp. 159 ff. ; not accessible to nae. 
 
 3 Zeitschrift f. Altertiimswissenscliaft, Nr. 44, pp. 367 fP. 
 
 1 
 
 420200 
 
again in 1842 an article by Dietrich appeared in the Easter 
 program of the Gymnasium at Freiburg, reprinted in Neue 
 Jahrb. f. Phil. u. Paed., suppl. vol. 8, pp. 487-503 (=Archiv. 
 f. Phil. u. Paed.) . Dietrich, like Reisig, still viewed the subject 
 from the point of view of the stylist, but went so far as to say 
 that all adjectives may be used substantively. 
 
 Nagelsbach,* Holtze,^ and Drager** added new material on 
 this phenomenon during succeeding years. Nagelsbach treats 
 this subject, so far as it concerns the first class of substantivized 
 adjectives, most thoroughly and in the greatest detail, but his 
 treatment is confined to classical Latin. To Drager must be 
 given the credit for being the pioneer in studying the second 
 class of substantivized adjectives, but his list is quite meagre 
 and insufficient in view of the material that has been added by 
 investigations since his time ; nor does he discuss at all the real 
 essence of the process and its underlying causes. It remained 
 for Ott^ a few years later to publish a more extensive list of 
 substantive adjectives of this class, and to discuss thoroughly 
 the reasons for the process. 
 
 Investigations in subsequent years were carried on by Pan- 
 hoff,^ Barth,^ Wueseke,^'* and Hirt,^^ and the special line of 
 investigation begun by Ott was continued by Wolfflin, Die 
 Ellipse von navis^^ ^j^^ \yy Kolfe, Die Ellipse von ars^^ and The 
 
 * Lateinische Stilistik fiir Deutsche, 8th ed., Niirnberg, 1888, pp. 93-138. 
 
 5 Syntaxis priscorum scriptorum Latinorum usque ad Terentium, 3 
 vols., Leipzig, 1861-1862, vol. 2, p. 5. 
 
 6 Syntax der lateinischen Sprache, Leipzig, vol. 1 (1878); vol. 2 
 (1888), pp. 36-51. 
 
 "^ Die Substantivierung des lat. Adj. durch Ellipse, prog. Kottweil, 
 Tiibingen, 1874. 
 
 8 PanhofE, De neutrius generis adiectivorum substantivio usu apud 
 Taciturn, Diss. Halle, 1883. 
 
 9 Barth, Die Eleganz des Terentius im Gebrauch des Adjectivums, in 
 Jahrb. klass. Phil, vol. 129 (1884), pp. 172-182. 
 
 10 Wueseke, De Plauti et Terentii usu, adjectiva et participa sub- 
 stantive ponendi. Diss. Marburg, 1884. 
 
 11 Hirt, Uber die Substantivierung des Adjectivums bei QuLut'lian, 
 Programm des Sophiengymnasiums, Berlin, 1890. 
 
 ^^ Archiv. Lat. Lex., vol. 9 (1896), pp. 285-291. 
 liArchiv. Lat. Lex., vol. 10 (1898), pp. 229-246. 
 
Formation of Latin Substantives from Geographical Adjec- 
 tives by Ellipsis." 
 
 Kecently Lowther, Notes on Martial," and Swan, The Use 
 of the Adjective as a Substantive in the De Rerum Natura of 
 T. Lucretius Carus,^^ have added their investigations of this 
 phenomenon. 
 
 14 Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc, vol. 30 (1899), pp. 5-23. 
 
 15 University of Penna. Diss. (1906), pp. 2-20. 
 
 16 University of Michigan Studies, vol. 3 (1910), pp. 179-214. 
 
CLASS A. 
 
 The substantivized adjectives of this class depend for their 
 meaning largely upon the inherent nature of the word, as has 
 already been stated (cf. p. 1.).^ 
 
 In the pre-classical and classical periods substantivization 
 by this method was confined within narrow limits, but in the 
 works of Sallust and the Augustan poets the process was some- 
 what extended. The chief extension, however, took place in 
 Livy and Tacitus, and the usage became most common in late 
 Latin, where examples of every kind are found even in the 
 oblique cases.^ 
 
 After the adjective has become a substantive, the next step 
 in the evolution is for it to take on all the " rights " of a 
 substantive. This it did; for we find it governing a genitive, 
 as do real substantives, and it is modified by adjectives also.^ 
 
 The frequency of the substantivizing process also depends 
 upon gender, declension, number and case. Participles and 
 gerundives likewise may be used as substantives in the same 
 way as adjectives, and the same factors, — gender, declension, 
 number and case play an important part. A similar growth 
 in the substantive use of participles and gerundives can be seen 
 also in late Latin.* 
 
 In my citations from Horace, substantivized geographical 
 adjectives like Romani, Achivi, etc., have been omitted. 
 
 The adjectives duo and ambo have been omitted also; like- 
 wise adverbial accusatives. 
 
 No citations are given of amicus. Although it is an adjective 
 in origin and is often used as an adjective in all writers, yet 
 in Horace it is employed as a noun, in all cases and numbers, 
 so frequently that I have not listed it. 
 
 Sapiens seems never to be used as a participle anywhere in 
 
 1 See Stoltz, Fr., und Schmalz, J. H., Lateinische Grammatik*, 
 Muenchen, vol. 2 (1910), p. 609. 
 
 2 See Kiihner, p. 222. 
 
 3 See Nagelsbach, p. 109. 
 
 4 See Schmalz, p. 610. 
 
 4 
 
Latin literature, but always as an adjective or noun. Its use 
 as a noun in Horace is so frequent that citations of it also are 
 omitted. 
 
 No citations are given of the following: alumnus^ divus, 
 iuvenis^ libertus, maritus, medicus, minister^ parens^ puerpera^ 
 rivalis, saga, servus, socins, vetiefica for the following reasons : 
 
 alumnus is a syncopated form of ^^alomenos, which is formed 
 with the same ending as the Greek medio-passive participle. 
 It is used only a few times as an adjective in Latin. 
 
 divus as an adjective is mostly archaic and poetic. It is used 
 as an adjective only once in Horace. 
 
 iuvenis in the positive degree in Latin is essentially a noun; 
 in the comparative it is more frequently used as an adjective 
 than in the positive. Cf. Pliny, Epist. 4, 8, 5 multo etiam 
 iuvenior, quam ille ; Quint. 4, 2, 42 est mihi filius iuvenis. 
 
 libertus appears to be an adjective in origin, derived from 
 liher. But it is found only as a noun. 
 
 maritus as an adjective is mostly poetic. For the adjective 
 use, cf. Propert, 3, 20, 26 sacra . . . marita. 
 
 medicus is an adjective derived from tnedeor; yet it is used 
 as an adjective chiefly in the poets and post-Augustan prose. 
 Cf., however, Ovid, Trist. 5, 6, 12 medicae . . . artis. 
 
 minister is used as an adjective only in the poets and of 
 inanimate things. For the adjective use, cf. Lucret. 5, 297 
 ardore ministro. 
 
 parens is a participle in origin but is used only as a noun. 
 
 puerpera is probably an adjective in origin {puer -^ pario) , 
 but is almost always used as a noun. Cf., however. Sen. 
 Benef. 4, 35, 2 puerpera uxor. 
 
 rivalis is an adjective in form, derived from rivus, but is 
 almost universally used as a noun. 
 
 saga as an adjective is post-Aug. Cf. Stat. Achill. 1, 519 
 sagas . . . aves. 
 
 servus is essentially a noun ; as an adjective with homo it is 
 mostly ante-class. Cf. Plaut. Asinaria 470 hominem servom. 
 As an adjective with other words than homo, it is not frequent 
 until after the Augustan period. 
 
 socius and venefica as adjectives are confined for the most 
 part to the poets and post-Aug. prose. Cf. Stat. Theb. 1, 130 
 socium regnum. 
 
6 
 
 It might also be said in this connection that real substan- 
 tives, as time went on, acquired adjectival uses. Kiihner {op. 
 cit., vol. 1, p. 546) says: "Einige Worter die gewohnlich sub- 
 stantivisch gebraucht werden, konnen auch adjektivisch ge- 
 braucht werden." Cf. Horace, C. 1, 1, 1 Maecenas atavis edite 
 regihus; A. P. 84 pugilem victorem. 
 
 In regard to neuter plural participles, nothing is more fre- 
 quent than expressions like dicta, scripfa, acta, etc. ; yet gesta 
 in place of res gestae is found only in Nepos and afterwards in 
 late Latin. (Cf. Wolfflin, Eh. Mus. 1882, p. 89.) In instances 
 like facta, peccata, and the like, the character of the verb 
 vanishes so completely that these words indicate actions with- 
 out any trace of their original past time. I have, however, 
 cited these. Such words occur in all cases except the vocative 
 and in all possible participial and adjectival constructions.^ 
 
 In my citations, the arrangement is made according to 
 gender and case, participles being grouped with adjectives; 
 but gerundives are listed separately. 
 
 In connection with each classification, there are given the 
 general principles as stated by the grammarians. 
 
 1. The Neuter Singular. 
 
 The neuter singular expresses chiefly an abstract idea. 
 Schmalz in his Lateinische Stilistik, p. 608, says, " Durch das 
 Neutrum werden allgemein sachliche, zumeist abstrakte Ver- 
 haltnisse, z. B. honestum, iustum, immensum, und im Plural 
 Dinge, die ihrem Wesen nache eine Eigenschaft besonders 
 hervortreten lassen, z. B. digna, vera, summa, bezeichnet." 
 
 {a) The Nominative. 
 
 In the nominative the usage, according to Nagelsbach (p. 
 99), is infrequent, and is confined principally to a scientific 
 style that has been influenced by Greek modes of expression. 
 In Horace the neuter nominative is rarely used, and expresses 
 chiefly an abstract idea. In C. 2, 15, 14, however, is found 
 a rare use of the neuter singular, commune being the equiv- 
 alent of the Greek to kowov "the public treasury." Mention 
 
 5 See Nagelsbach, p. 133. 
 
should also be made of the technical expression, summum quid 
 eius, S. 2, 6, 76, which means the summum bonum, " the highest 
 point of goodness." 
 
 The following instances are found in Horace :^ 
 C. 2, 15, 14 privatus illis census erat brevis, commune 
 magnum. Epl. 1, 6, 22 ne plus frumenti dotalibus emetat agris 
 Mutus et (indignum,'' quod sit peioribus ortus). S. 2, 2, 102 
 non est melius. Epl. 1, 18, 107 sit mihi, quod nunc est, etiam 
 minus. S. 2, 1, 54 mirum, ut lupus . . . petit. S. 1, 7, 19 par 
 pugnat; S. 2, 3, 243. S. 2, 6, 3 paulum silvae super his foret. 
 S. 1, 3, 84 atque mains peccatum est. S. 1, 1, 107 quos ultra 
 citraque nequit consistere rectum; S. 2, 6, 75. S. 1, 10, 14 
 ridiculum acri fortius et melius magnas plerumque secat res. 
 A. P. 337 omne supervacuom . . . manat. S. 2, 6, 76 sum- 
 numque quid eius. A. P. 243 tantum de medio sumptis ac- 
 cedit honoris. 
 
 {b) The Genitive. 
 
 In the genitive case substantivizing is frequent, the genitive 
 of the whole being very often so used. Of the instances given 
 below comment should be made on nuUius, Epl. 1, 17, 22; 
 for it is ambiguous as to gender. It seems, however, to be 
 neuter. Horace's care in avoiding ambiguity of gender in the 
 oblique cases is shown by the fact that there are so few in- 
 stances where the gender is at all doubtful. Below^ are given 
 examples of such words and these with one exception are con- 
 fined to the Satires and Epistles. 
 
 The following are the instances of the genitive singular: 
 S. 1, 3, 98 iusti prope mater et aequi. C. 1, 18, 16 arcanique 
 Fides prodiga. C. 1, 3, 37 nil mortalibus ardui^ est. S. 2, 6, 76 
 
 6 I have followed the text of Vollmer in my citations from Horace ; 
 elsewhere the standard critical editions. 
 
 7 indignus E. 
 
 8 C. 4, 9, 41 index honestum praetnlit iitili; 
 
 S, 1, 3, 59 nullique malo latus abdit apertum; 
 
 Epl. 1, 17, 22 fers te nullius egentem ; 
 
 Epl. 2, 1, 23 sic fautor veterum; 
 
 Epl. 2, 1, 78 veniam antiquis . . . posci. 
 
 9 arduum E E lemma schol. A r. 
 
8 
 
 quae sit natura honi. S. 2, 4, 52 siquid crassi est. Epl. 2, 1, 31 
 nil extra est in mice duri. S. 2, 7, 87 atqiie rotundus, externi 
 nequid valeat per leve morari, Epl. 1, 2, 40 dimidium facti, 
 qui coepit, habet. S. 1, 2, 84 siquid honesti est, iactat habetque 
 palam. S. 1, 3, 111 metu iniusti fateare necesse est. S. 1, 3, 98 
 iusti prope mater et aequi. S. 1, 1, 54 ut tibi si sit opus liquidi 
 non amplius urna. C. 3, 24, 49 summi materiem mali; E. 11, 7. 
 S. 1, 5, 102 siquid miri faciat natura. Epl. 1, 17, 22 quamvis 
 fers te nullius egentem; A. P. 324. S. 2, 7, 60 peccati conscia 
 erilis. S. 2, 2, 52 parebit pravi docilis Romana inventus. C. 3, 
 3, 1 iustum et tenacem propositi virum; Epl. 1, 13, 11. S. 1, 1, 
 44 quid habet pulcri^° constructus acervos. A. P. 25 decipimur 
 specie recti. C. 1, 28, 15 non sordidus auctor naturae verique; 
 S. 2, 3, 33" ; S. 2, 3, 43. 
 
 (c) The Dative. 
 
 Nagelsbach states (p. 101) that the dative case of substantive 
 adjectives is seldom used and that the words so used are con- 
 fined mostly to scientific technical expressions, of which only 
 the most common have become the property of the language. 
 Horace furnishes four examples. 
 
 S. 2, 1, 77 fragili quaerens illidere dentem. A. P. 195 quod 
 non proposito conducat. S. 2, 1, 78 fragili quaerens illidere 
 dentem offendet solido. C. 4, 9, 41 iudex honestum praetulit 
 vMli. 
 
 (d) The Accusative. 
 
 The most productive and profitable field of study for the 
 stylist is substantivization in prepositional phrases. These 
 serve both as adjectives and as adverbs.^^ Even in archaic 
 Latin the neuter singular of the accusative and ablative, used 
 substantively, and governed by prepositions, is found. In the 
 classical period the limits of this usage were expanded, and 
 Livy, Seneca, both Plinys, Tacitus and the later classical 
 writers greatly extended it.^* The Romans seem to have been 
 
 10 lucri Sacellaropulus. 
 
 11 verum $. 
 
 12 See Eeisig-Hasse, Vorles., III. A. 396. 
 
 13 See Drager, p. 55. 
 
9 
 
 influenced by the Greeks in this connection. Compare ii tVov, 
 
 fK ToS <j>avepov. 
 
 Nagelsbach (p. 102) says that these prepositional phrases for 
 the most part denote relations of space and place, more rarely 
 those of time, and that they sometimes metaphorically indicate 
 a condition or situation, such as a place from which or to 
 which something is taken. 
 
 Expressions like in maius, in mollius, etc. (imitations per- 
 haps of forms by Thucydides), appear from the time of 
 Sallust and Livy on; these are, however, especially preferred 
 by Tacitus and his late imitators, e.g., Ammianus. Such 
 phrases as in quantum, de cetera, etc., likewise increase in num- 
 ber in late Latin.^* 
 
 Participles^^ too are frequently used substantively in the 
 neuter singular. In general it may be assumed that the par- 
 ticiple, with respect to its possibility for substantivization, fol- 
 lows the analogy of the adjective. 
 
 Just as occasionally it is the proximity of a real substantive 
 that leads to the substantivization of adjectives, so the prox- 
 imity of true substantives, or of participles ordinarily substan- 
 tivized, has the same influence on participles which as a rule 
 are not used substantively; compare Livy, 40, 10, 1 discerne 
 . . . insidiatorem et petitum insidiis. 
 
 As to substantivized adjectives governed by prepositions in 
 Horace, it may be said that they too for the most part denote 
 relations of space and place. Those instances, in which the 
 adjective seems originally to have modified some substantive 
 which later was omitted, are grouped under class B. 
 
 In the phrases classified here, while almost without excep- 
 tion they were local in origin and were then transferred to 
 express other ideas, such as time or metaphorical relations, the 
 ellipsis is not so apparent. A phrase used in a technical legal 
 sense is in vacuom S. 2, 5, 50. 
 
 C. 2, 3, 19 exstructis in altum divitiis potietur heres. Epl. 
 1, 6, 24 in apricum prof e ret aetas. Epl. 1, 18, 37 arca- 
 num neque . . . scrutaberis illius unquam. C. 3, 27, 39 
 vigilansne ploro turpe conmissum; Epl. 1, 18, 38. A. P. 442 si 
 defendere delictum quam vertere malles. A. P. 367 hoc tibi 
 
 14 See Schmalz, p. 609. 
 
 15 See Nagelsba'ch, p. 131. 
 
10 
 
 dictum tolle memor. C. 1, 3, 8 serves animae dimidium meae; 
 Epl. 1, 2, 40. S. 1, 10, 44 molle atque facetum Vergilio ad- 
 nuerunt gaudentes rure Camenae. Epl. 2, 2, 32 clarus ob id 
 factum donis ornatur honestis. Epl. 1, 10, 29 distinguere 
 falsum. C 3, 3, 17 gratum, elocuta . . . lunone. C. 4, 9, 41 
 iudex honestum praetulit utili; S. 1, 6, 63. A. P. 126. S. 1, 2, 
 113 inane abscindere soldo. Epl. 1, 16, 75 quid me perferre 
 patique indignum coges. S. 1, 3, 113 iiisto secernere iniquom. 
 S. 2, 7, 87 per leve. S. 1, 3, 137 ne longum faciam; 2, 1, 57. 
 S. 1, 9, 52 magnum narras; S. 1, 10, 20. C. 3, 4, 67 diquoque 
 provehunt in maius; S. 2, 8, 57. E. 13, 17 illic omne malum 
 vino cantuque levato; S. 1, 2, 59; 2, 1, 49. A. P. 368 certis 
 medium et tolerabile rebus recte concedi. E. 16, 23 an melius 
 quis liabet suadere; S. 2, 2, 82. Epl. 2, 1, 169 creditur . . . 
 habere sudoris minimum. Epl. 1, 17, 51 haberet . . . minus 
 invidiaeque; Epl. 2, 1, 170. S. 1, 10, 44 molle atque facetum 
 Vergilio adnuerunt gaudentes rure Camenae. C. 3, 27, 6 si per 
 ohliquom similis sagittae terruit mannos. S. 1, 10, 69 recideret 
 omtie; 2, 6, 30; 2, 6, 109; Epl. 1, 15, 38. S. 2, 4, 4 peccatum 
 fateor. Epl. 2, 1, 265 ficto in peius voltu proponi. C. 3, 27, 64 
 nisi erile mavis carpere pensum. S. 1, 10, 70 quod ultra 
 perfectum traheretur. C. 1, 17, 15 hinc tibi copia manabit ad 
 plenum. Epl. 1, 8, 16 praeceptum auriculis instillare memento. 
 S. 2, 7, 7 urget propositum. A. P. 343 omne tulit punctum. 
 S. 2, 3, 124 quantulum enim summae curtabit quisque dierum. 
 S. 2, 2, 201 rectum animi servas; 2, 7, 26; Epl. 2, 2, 44. E. 7, 
 14 responsum date. C. 3, 2, 26 qui Cereris sacrum volgarit ; C. 
 3, 3, 52. S. 2, 5, 65 Nasicae metuentis reddere soldum. C. 1, 6, 
 20 non praeter solitum leves. S. 1, 3, 95 sponsumve negarit. 
 S. 2, 3, 309 ab imo ad summum totus moduli bipedalis ; Epl. 2, 
 1, 32. S. 2, 3, 236 qui tantum possideam. S. 1, 1, 52 nobis 
 tantundem haurire relinquas ; 1, 1, 56 ; 1, 3, 115 ; 2, 3, 237 ; 2, 4, 
 91. A. P. 368 certis medium et tolerabile rebus recte concedi. 
 A. P. 343 qui miscuit utile dulci. S. 1, 1, 24 quamquam ridentem 
 dicere verum quid vetat; 1, 3, 97; 2, 2, 8; Epl. 2, 2, 45. 
 
 (e) The Ablative. 
 
 Wliat has been said in regard to accusatives with preposi- 
 tions is true also of ablatives. Niigelsbach (p. 101) states 
 
11 
 
 that the ablative neuter is rarely substantivized. In Horace 
 the usage is rather frequent, as the following instances indicate. 
 
 According to Lane,^^ adjectives of two endings with stems 
 in -i- often have -e in the ablative when they are used as sub- 
 stantives. In Horace, however, all the ablative endings of 
 such adjectives are in -i. 
 
 S. 1, 10, 14 ridiculum acri fortius . . . secat res. S. 1, 3, 52 
 at est truculentior atque plus aequo liber; Epl. 1, 2, 29; 1, 18, 
 10; 2, 2, 10; 2, 2, 215. Epl. 1, 16, 28 servet in amhiguo qui con- 
 sulit. Epl. 2, 2, M curvo dignoscere rectum. S. 2, 2, 80 dicto 
 citius; A. P. 273. S. 2, 3, 318 maior dimidio. A. P. 343 qui 
 miscuit utile didci.^'' Epl. 2, 1, 239 edicto vetuit. S. 1, 6, 84 
 ab omni non solum facto. S. 2, 3, 308 ab imo ad summum totus 
 moduli bipedalis. A. P. 127 ab incepto processerit. S. 2, 3, 
 217 interdicto huic omne adimat ius praetor. C. 3, 7, 24 
 Enipeus plus iusto placeat; S. 1, 1, 57; 1, 3, 113. C. 1, 14, 10 
 quos iterum pressa voces malo; E. 15, 18 ; S. 2, 3, 295. S. 1, 2, 
 108 nam transvolat in medio posita; Epl. 1, 12, 7; 2, 1, 168; 
 A. P. 243. A. P. 240 ex noto fictum carmen sequar. S. 1, 4, 56 
 quivis stomachetur eodem quo personatus pacto pater; 1, 4, 99; 
 1, 7, 2; 1, 8, 40; 2, 3, 148; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 22; Epl. 1, 6, 10; 1, 8, 13; 
 
 1, 16, 56; 1, 17, 2; 2, 1, 171. C. 2, 16, 13 vivitur parvo bene; 
 S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 2, 110; Epl. 1, 10, 41; 2, 1, 139. C. 3, 20, 3 post 
 paulo;^^ S. 1, 2, 120; Epl. 1, 6, 43; 1, 18, 83. Epl. 2, 1, 45 utor 
 permisso. S. 2, 3, 293 casus medicusve levarit aegrum ex 
 praecipiti. Epl. 2, 2, 99 discedo Alcaeus puncto illius; 2, 2, 
 172. S. 1, 2, 113 inane abscindere soldo. A. P. 378 si paulum 
 summo decessit. S. 1, 6, 63 qui turpi secernis honestum. Epl. 
 
 2, 1, 18 sapiens et iustus in uno. S. 2, 2, 56 cui Canis ex vero 
 dictum cognomen adhaeret. 
 
 The following comparatives are found in the neuter singu- 
 lar: S. 2, 2, 102 non est melius; 2, 8, 4. Epl. 1, 18, 107 sit mihi, 
 quod nunc est, etiam minus. C. 3, 4, 67 in mains; S. 2, 8, 57. 
 E. 16, 23 an melius quis habet suadere ; S. 2, 2, 82. Epl. 1, 17 
 51 haberet . . . minus invidiae; 2, 1, 170. Epl. 2, 1, 265 in peius, 
 
 i«Lane, G. M., A Latin Grammar for Schools and Collegesa, revised 
 by Oertel and Morgan, New York, § 558. 
 
 iTlSTeue, F., Formenlehre der lateinischen Spraches, revised by C. 
 Wagener, Berlin, vol. 2 (1902), p. 52. 
 
 18 paulum #. 
 
12 
 
 The following superlatives : S. 2, 6, 76 summumque quid eius. 
 Epl. 1, 18, 35 ad imum; A. P. 126. Epl. 2, 1, 169 habere sudoris 
 minimum. S. 2, 3, 309 ad sumTnuTn; Epl. 2, 1, 32. S. 2, 3, 308 
 ab im^o. 
 
 In regard to the neuter singular in Horace, the dative is by 
 far the least used; the accusative is the most frequently em- 
 ployed, and the vocative is not found. The neuter singular ex- 
 presses chiefly an abstract idea; there are, however, many 
 instances like magnum,, minus, omne, quantulum, etc., which 
 express an indefinite idea; substantivization of comparative 
 and superlative adjectives is limited. 
 
 2. The Neuter Plural. 
 
 The use of substantivized adjectives in the neuter plural is 
 quite common. In the classical period this usage is chiefly 
 confined to the cases that can be recognized by their form as 
 neuter, namely, the nominative and accusative. Thus in 
 Horace and other careful writers, we commonly find omnia in 
 the nominative, but in the genitive, omnium rerum. In later 
 writers, however, there is no such discrimination, the substan- 
 tivization taking place frequently in all the cases.^^ 
 
 The neuter plural is used chiefly in a concrete sense, occa- 
 sionally expressing an abstract, or an indefinite idea ; substan- 
 tivization takes place with adjectives of all degrees of com- 
 parison, with and without prepositions, and in all declensions, 
 the second, however, being more frequent than the third.^" 
 
 A genitive of the whole is sometimes joined to the neuter 
 plural, especially of comparatives and superlatives.^^ Below 
 are given the instances in Horace.^^ 
 
 The complete evolution of neuter plural adjectives into sub- 
 stantives is shown by the fact that they may be modified by 
 other adjectives, pronominal adjectives, or participles. 
 
 In such combinations it is necessary to determine, in each 
 
 19 See Schmalz, p. 609. 
 
 20 See Nagelsbach, p. 113. 
 
 21 See Schmalz, p. 609. 
 
 22 C. 2, 1, 23 cuncta terrarum siibacta ; 2, 13, 28 dU7-a belli; 4, 4, 76 
 per acuta belli, 4, 12, 19 amaraque curarum; S. 2, 2, 25 vanis rerum; 2, 
 8, 83 fictis rerum ; A. P. 49 audita rerum. 
 
13 
 
 instance by the general context, which is the adjective and 
 which the substantive. 
 
 Some of these adjectives govern words in other cases,^^ and 
 are modified by phrases,^* and yet maintain a large element of 
 their substantive character, a usage not mentioned by the 
 writers on this subject. 
 
 In Horace, too, there are several instances^^ in which the 
 neuter plural of the adjective is used to denote both persons 
 and things. In all of these, persons are uppermost in the mind 
 of the writer but the statements are made more general through 
 the use of the neuter. The grammarians do not speak of this 
 usage, yet it is, no doubt, found in all writers. 
 
 Substantivizations of the gerundive are found from the 
 time of Horace on.^" 
 
 (a) Nominatwe. 
 
 The examples of the neuter plural are the following : 
 
 E. 15, 21 nee te Pythagorae fallant arcana. S. 1, 3, Tl si 
 
 23 Cf. C. 1, 18, 12 nee variis oisita frondihus sub divom rapiam; 
 2, 13, 29 utrumque sacro digna silentio mirantur umbrae dicere ; 4, 11, 
 19 semper ut te digna sequare. S. 1, 3, 95 aut si prodiderit conmissa 
 fide; S. 1, 4, 42 siqui scribat ut nos sermoni propiora; S. 1, 4, 53 
 numquid Pomponius istls audiret leviora; 1, 6, 78 quas doceat quivis . . . 
 semet prognatos; 2. 2, ill aptarit idonea hello; 2. 3, 299 respicere 
 ignoto discet pendentia tergo. Epl. 1, 6, 9 qui timet his adversa. A. 
 P. 119 aut fama sequere aut sibi convenientia finge. 
 
 24 Cf. S. 1, 1, 102 pergis puguantia sectim frontibus adversis con- 
 ponere ; 1, 2, 108 nam transvolat in medio posita. Epl. 1, 12, 7 si forte 
 in medio positorum abstemius herbis vivis. A. P. 180 segnius irritant 
 animos demissa per aurem ; 338 flcta voluptatis causa sint proxima veris. 
 
 25 Cf. C. 1, 34, 12 valet ima summis mutare et insignem attenuat deus, 
 ohscura promens. 
 
 Epl. 1. 9, 4 dignum mente domoque legentis Jionesta Neronis. 
 Epl. 2, 2, 179 si metit Orcus grandia cum parvis. 
 
 26 See Schmalz. p. 611. 
 
 In Horace we find the following instances : S. 1, 2, 75 ac non fugienda 
 petendis inmiscere ; S. 1, 3, 114 dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda 
 petendis; S. 1, 10, 51 ferentem plura quidem tollenda relinquendis ; 
 S. 2, 3, 54 est genus unum stultitiae nihilum metuenda timentis ; S. 2, 
 7, 36 Mulvius et scurrae, tibi non referenda (refrenanda E) precati; 
 Epl. 1, 7, 72 dicenda tacenda locutus ; A. P. 449 mutanda notabit. 
 
 The gerund is a gerundive in origin. There are 47 instances of the 
 gerund in Horace ; for example, S. 1. 1, 92 sit finis quaerendi; 1, 4, 65 
 genus hoc scribendi. 
 
14 
 
 modo plura milii hona sunt. C. 3, 29, 33 cetera fluminis ritu 
 f eruntur ; S. 1, 1, 13. C. 4, 7, 19 cuncta manus avidas f ugient 
 heredis. A. P. 347 sunt delicta tamen. S. 2, 6, 97 haec ubi 
 dicta agrestem pepulere ; A.P. 112. Epl. 1,7,96 quantum dimissa 
 petitis praestent. S. 2, 3, 95 omnis enim res, virtus, fama, 
 decus, divina humanaque pulcris divitiis parent. S. 2, 2, 75 
 dulcia se in bilem vertent. A. P. 68 mortalia facta peribunt. 
 A. P. 338 ficta voluptatis causa sint proxima veris. S. 2, 3, 95 
 divina humanaque pulcris divitiis parent. A. P. 169 multa 
 senem circumveniunt incommoda. A. P. 12 non ut placidis 
 coeant inmitia. S. 2, 3, 267 in amore haec sunt mala; Epl. 2, 
 2, 127 dum mea delectent mala me ; C. 3, 16, 43 multa petentibus 
 desunt multa; Epl. 1, 6, 45. Epl. 1, 7, 44 parvom 'parva decent. 
 Epl. 1, 18, 77 ne mox incutiant aliena tibi peccata pudorem. 
 A. P. 351 verum ubi plura nitent. S. 1, 2, 100 plurima, quae 
 invideant pure adparere tibi rem. Epl. 2, 1, 52 quo promissa 
 cadant ; 2, 2, 10. E. 5, 52 arcana cum fiunt sacra. Epl. 2, 1, 29 
 quia Graiorum sunt antiquissima quaeque scrip ta vel optima. 
 S. 2, 6, 93 terrestria quando mortalis animas vivont sortita. 
 
 (&) Genitive. 
 
 S. 1, 1, 79 horum semper ego optarem pauperrimus esse 
 honorum. C. 3, 16, 18 sequitur cura pecuniam maiorumque 
 fames. Epl. 2, 2, 38 grandia laturus meritorum praemia. S. 2, 
 3, 244 pravorum et amore gemellum. S. 2, 3, 2 scriptorum 
 quaeque retexens. A. P. 164 utilium tardus provisor. Epl. 2, 
 1, 23 sic fautor veterum. 
 
 (c) Dative. 
 
 Epl. 2, 1, 78 nee veniam antiquis . . . posci. C. 1, 28, 9 lovis 
 arcanis Minos admissus. S. 2, 2, 6 cum acclinis falsis animus 
 meliora recusat. A. P. 14 inceptis gravibus plerumque et 
 magna professis. C. 4, 8, 24 si taciturnitas obstaret meritis 
 invida Romuli; Epl. 2, 1, 10. S. 1, 3, 75 aequom est peccatis 
 veniam poscentem reddere rursus; S. 1, 3, 118; Epl. 1, 16, 62. 
 Epl. 1, 7, 96 quantum dimissa petitis praestent. A. P. 12 ut 
 placidis coeant inmitia. S. 2, 4, 2 ponere signa no vis praeceptis. 
 Epl. 1, 17, 24 praesentihus aequom. S. 2, 7, 8 pravis obnoxia. 
 S. 2, 6, 82 asper et attentus quaesitis. S. 2, 3, 305 liceat con- 
 cedere veris; A. P. 338. 
 
15 
 
 (d) Accusative. 
 
 A. P. 49 indiciis monstrare recentibiis dbdita renim. C. 4, 
 
 4, 76 expediiint per acuta belli. Epl. 1, 6, 9 qui timet his 
 adversa. S. 2, 4, 57 volvens aliena. C. 2, 16, 26 amara lento 
 temperet risu; 4, 12, 19. A. P. 165 amata relinquere pernix. 
 E. 11, 14 mero arcana promorat ; S. 2, 1, 30. Epl. 1, 2, 21 aspera 
 miilta pertulit. S. 1, 3, 70 cum mea conpenset vitiis 'bona; 1, 3, 
 114; 2, 3, 182; Epl. 1, 15, 42; 1, 16, 75. Epl. 1, 17, 34 caelestia 
 temptat. C. 1, 9, 9 permitte divis cetera; 4, 2, 60; E. 13, 7; S. 
 1, 2, 95; 1, 10, 5; 2, 6, 14; Epl. 1, 10, 3; 1, 10, 50; 2, 1, 20; 2, 2, 
 65. S. 2, 8, 76 tibi di . . . commoda dent; Epl. 1, 14, 37; 2, 1, 
 3 ; A. P. 175. A. P. 128 difficile est proprie communia dicere. 
 
 5. 1, 4, 84 conmissa tacere qui nequit; Epl. 1, 18, 70; A. P. 200. 
 Epl. 1, 16, 41 qui consulta patrum . . . servat. A. P. 119 aut 
 famam sequere aut sibi convenientia finge; A. P. 316 reddere 
 personae scit convenientia cuique. C. 2, 1, 23 cuncta terrarum 
 subacta; C. 3, 1, 8; 4, 9, 38; S. 2, 4, 90; Epl. 1, 7, 34; 1, 12, 11; 
 1, 18, 96. C. S. 18 patrumque prosperes decreta. C. 3, 6, 1 
 delicta maiorum inmeritus lues; S. 1, 3, 79; 1, 3, 141. Epl. 1, 
 5, 25 qui dicta foras eliminet; A. P. 247; 335. Epl. 1, 1, 55 
 recinunt iuvenes dictata; 1, 18, 13. C. 2, 13, 29 utrumque sacro 
 digna silentio mirantur umbrae dicere; 4, 11, 29 semper ut te 
 digna sequare. S. 1, 1, 3 laudet diversa sequentis; 1, 1, 109; 
 Epl. 2, 2, 62. Epl. 1, 7, 39 si possum donata reponere laetus. 
 Epl. 1, 11, 23 neu dulcia differ in annum. Epl. 2, 1, 141 
 dura ferentem. C. 4, 15, 22 edicta rumpent lulia. S. 2, 2, 
 74 at simul assis miscueris elixa. S. 1, 8, 45 voces Furi- 
 arum et facta duarum; 1, 10, 43;" Epl. 1, 17, 16; 2, 1, 
 6 ; 2, 1, 130 ; 2, 1, 237 ; A. P. 287. A. P. 151 sic veris falsa re- 
 miscet. S. 1, 2, 108 fugientia captat. C. 1, 6, 9 neque haec 
 dicere . . . conamur, tenues grandia; Epl. 2, 2, 179 ; A. P. 27. 
 Epl. 1, 9, 4 legentis honesta Neronis. S. 2, 2, 111 aptarit idonea 
 bello ; A. P. 334. A. P. 130 si proferres ignota. C. 1, 34, 12 
 valet ima summis mutare. Epl. 1, 19, 33 iuvat inmemorata 
 ferentem. C. 4, 7, 7 inmortalia ne speres. A. P. 130 si proferres 
 ignota indictaque primus. S. 2, 3, 254 ponas insignia morbi. 
 S. 1, 2, 96 si interdicta petes. S. 1, 1, 23 ne sic ut qui iocularia 
 ridens percurram. A. P. 334 iucunda et idonea dicere vitae. 
 
 27 fata Goth. 
 
16 
 
 Epl. 1, 7, 52 iussa Philippi accipiebat; 1, 9, 12. C. 2, 18, 13 
 largiora flagito. A. P. 26 sectantem levia^^ nervi deficiunt 
 animique. S. 1, 4, 53 numquid Pomponius istis audiret leviora. 
 Epl. 1, 1, 10 cetera ludicra pono ; 1, 6, 7. C. 3, 3, 72 magyia 
 modis tenuare parvis; S. 1, 4, 44 ; Epl. 1, 10, 32 ; 2, 1, 125 ; A. P. 
 14. S. 2, 5, 21 maiora tuli ; Epl. 1, 17, 24. C. 2, 13, 28 dura 
 fugae mala; 3, 6, 8; 3, 12, 2; S. 1, 2, 68; 1, 3, 25; 1, 4, 30; 2, 3, 
 203 ; Epl. 1, 1, 43 ; 2, 1, 219 ; A. P. 452. Epl. 1, 13, 19 mandataque 
 frangas; A. P. 104. Epl. 1, 9, 8 sed timui, mea ne finxisse 
 minora putarer. C. 1, 29, 16 pollicitus meliora^ tendis ; S. 1, 2, 
 73 ; 2, 2, 6 ; 2, 6, 89. C. 2, 16, 18 quid brevi fortes iaculamur 
 aevo multa; 3, 16, 42; 4, 9, 45; S. 1, 10, 69; 2, 3, 9; Epl. 1, 8, 3; 
 
 2, 1, 67 ; 2, 2, 102 ; A. P. 183 ; 413. S. 2, 5, 1 praeter narrata. 
 C. 4, 4, 36 indecorant bene nata culpae. Epl. 1, 6, 25 defodiet 
 condetque nitentia. Epl. 2, 1, 89 nos nostraque lividus odit. 
 C. 1, 34, 14 ohscura promens ; S. 2, 5, 58. S. 2, 4, 28 viles pellent 
 ohstantia conchae. C. 1, 3, 25 audax omnia perpeti gens 
 humana ; 1, 18, 3 ; 4, 4, 22 ; S. 1, 1, 86 ; S. 1, 2, 115 ; 1, 3, 13 ; 1, 
 9, 5; 2, 3, 300; 2, 4, 61; 2, 8, 64; Epl. 1, 5, 16 operta recludit. 
 S. 1, 2, 90 ne corporis oj^tima Lyncei contemplere oculis. S. 2, 
 
 3, 86 dare centum damnati populo paria. Epl. 1, 15, 44 nam 
 tuta et parvola laudo. C. 2, 11, 5 poscentis aevi pauca. S. 1, 
 
 3, 96 quis paria esse fere placuit peccata; A. P. 266. C. 1, 7, 
 300 fortes peioraque passi mecum saepe viri. S. 2, 3, 299 
 respicere ignoto discet pendentia tergo. S. 1, 4, 97 permidta 
 rogatus fecit; 1, 5, 62. Epl. 2, 1, 66 si pleraque dure dicere 
 credit eos; A. P. 44. C. 3, 16, 21 quanto quisque sibi plura 
 negaverit; C. 3, 16, 22; 3, 16, 38; E. 16, 53; C. S. 44; S. 1, 6, 
 57 ; Epl. 1, 10, 45 ; 2, 2, 147 ; 2, 2, 148 ; 2, 2, 192 ; 2, 2, 196 ; A. P. 
 432. Epl. 2, 1, 11 notaque f atali portenta labore subegit ; Epl. 
 2, 2, 209. S. 2, 3, 34 descripsi docilis praecepta haec; 2, 4, 11; 
 2, 4, 95 ; Epl. 1, 1, 18. S. 2, 3, 9 voltus erat multa et praeclara 
 minantis. C. 3, 3, 2 non civium ardor prava iubentium. S. 1, 
 
 4, 42 siqui scribat uti nos sermoni propiora. A. P. 397 piiblica 
 privatis secernere. S. 1, 1, 102 pergis pugnantia secum . . . 
 conponere. S. 1, 2, 73. Epl. 1, 8, 3 multa et pulchra minantem. 
 Epl. 1, 1, 100 mutat quadrata rotundis. S. 2, 7, 7 modo recta 
 capessens. Epl. 1, 7, 97 repetatque relicta. C. S. 55 iam 
 
 28lenia s. 
 
17 
 
 Scythae responsa petiint; S. 1, 8, 29. C. 4, 4, 54 iactata Tuscis 
 aequoribus sacra; 4, 6, 14; S. 1, 3, 11; 1, 3, 117; Epl. 1, 16, 54; 
 A. P. 397. S. 1, 4, 23 cum mea nemo scripta legat; 1, 4, 75; 
 1, 10, 56 ; Epl. 1, 3, 17; 1, 19, 42 ; 2, 2, 67. S. 1, 1, 27 quaeramus 
 serm ludo ; 2, 2, 125 ; A. P. 226. C. 3, 8, 28 linqiie seyera. S. 
 
 1, 6, 32 curam qiiaerendi singula; 1, 8, 40; 2, 6, 87; Epl. 2, 2, 
 65. Epl. 1, 12, 15 adhiic suhlimia cures. C. 1, 16, 26 nunc ego 
 mitibus mutare quaero tiistia. S. 2, 3, 151 ni tua custodis; 
 Epl. 2, 2, 195. S. 1, 2, 85 quaerit, quo turpia celet. Epl. 1, 15, 
 44 nam tuta et parvola laudo. Epl. 1, 18, 28 ait prope vera. 
 Epl. 1, 15, 39 satis inter vilia fortis; 1, 17, 21. S. 1, 4, 84 
 fingere qui non visa potest. 
 
 (e) Ahlative. 
 
 S. 2, 2, 73 at simul assis miscueris elixa. S. 2, 3, 110 nescius 
 uti conpositis. Epl. 2, 2, 192 quod non plura datis invenerit. 
 S. 1, 4, 121 sic me formabat puerum dictis; S. 2, 7, 78. S. 1, 
 3, 114 dividit ut bona diversis. Epl. 2, 2, 197 ut festis Quin- 
 quatribus. S. 2, 8, 83 dumque ridetur -flctis remm Balatrone 
 secundo. C. 2, 10, 13 sperat infestis . . . pectus. E. 5, 12 con- 
 stitit insignibtcs raptis puer; S. 2, 7, 53. A. P. 170 inventis 
 miser abstinet ac timet uti. S. 1, 9, 50 nee magis his aliena 
 malis. C. 3, 30, 15 sume superbiam quaesitam meritis. C. 1, 
 16, 25 nunc ego mitibus mutare quaero tristia. C. 1, 31, 17 
 frui paratis; S. 2, 3, 167. Epl. 2, 2, 179 metit Orcus grandia 
 cum parvis. S. 1, 3, 16 paucis contento. S. 2, 2, 109 hie qui 
 pluribus adsuerit mentem. Epl. 2, 1, 128 praeceptis format 
 amicis. S. 2, 2, 71 in primis valeas bene ; 2, 88, 6. A. P. 397 
 publica privatis secernere. Epl. 1, 16, 54 miscebis sacra 
 profanis; A. P. 397. S. 2, 3, 6 die aliquid dignum promissis. 
 S. 1, 1, 38 illis utitur ante quaesitis patiens. C. S. 44 daturus 
 plura relictis. Epl, 1, 1, 100 mutat quadrata rotundis. C. 3, 
 14, 6 mulier . . . prodeat iustis operata sacris; S. 2, 8, 14 ; A. P. 
 224. C. 2, 10, 13 metuit secundis alteram sortem. C. 1, 34, 12 
 valet ima summis mutare. S. 2, 3, 324 teneas . . . tuis te. S. 2, 
 
 2, 25 corruptus vanis rerum. S. 2, 3, 208 qui species alias veris^^ 
 scelerisque tumulta permixtas capiet, commotus habebitur; 
 A. P. 151. 
 
 30 veri sceleris a D E Bland^. 
 
18 
 
 The neuter plural comparatives are: A. P. 351 verum ubi 
 flura nitent; C. 3, 16, 18 sequitur cura pecuniam maiorumque 
 fames ; S. 2, 2, 109 hie qui pluribus adsuerit mentem ; C. 2, 18, 
 13 largiora flagito ; S. 1, 4, 53 audiret leviora; S. 2, 5, 21 maiora 
 tuli; Epl. 1, 17, 24; C. 1, 29, 16 pollicitus meliora; S. 1, 2, 73; 
 
 2, 2, 6 ; 2, 6, 89 ; C. 1, 7, 300 fortes peioraque passi . . . viri ; C. 
 
 3, 16, 21 plura negaverit ; C. 3, 16, 22 ; 3, 16, 38 ; E. 16, 53 ; 
 C. S. 44 ; S. 1, 6, 57 ; Epl. 1, 10, 45 ; 2, 2, 147 ; 2, 2, 148 ; 2, 2, 192 ; 
 2, 2, 196 ; A. P. 432 ; S. 1, 4, 42 sermoni propiora. 
 
 Neuter plural superlatives: S. 1, 2, 100 plurima, quae in- 
 videant pure adparere tibi rem; C. 1, 34, 12 valet ima summis 
 mutare; S. 1, 2, 90 ne corporis optima Lyncei contemplere 
 oculis; S. 2, 2, 71 in primis valeas bene; 2, 8, 6; C. 1, 34, 12 
 valet ima summis mutare. 
 
 It is apparent that neuter plural adjectives in Horace are 
 more frequently substantivized than adjectives of the neuter 
 singular. The accusative case alone furnishes over two hun- 
 dred examples, but of the nominative, contrary to what one 
 might expect, there are only a few instances; the genitive is 
 used substantively only seven times, but the dative and ablative 
 supply numerous examples. 
 
 Comparatives of the neuter plural are substantivized rather 
 frequently, but there are only six superlatives. 
 
 Substantive adjectives in a definitive sense, e.g., cetera., 
 euncta., magna., multa, omnia., pauca, etc., are very numerous 
 in Horace. 
 
 3. The Masculine Singular. 
 
 For the substantive use of the adjective in the masculine sin- 
 gular, Nagelsbach^^ gives the following rules : The adjective is 
 used substantively — 
 
 1. When it has a collective sense, as in Livy 6, 3, 8 : parcitur 
 inerm^i,' 
 
 2. When two persons are placed in contrast with each other, 
 as in Cic. pro Quinct. 31, 95: indignum est a pari vinci aut 
 superiore; 
 
 3. When philosophical language is used, in which mention 
 is made of an ideally conceived person, as in Quintil. 11, 1, 45 : 
 
 81 p. 123. 
 
19 
 
 non idem apud eruditum^ quod militarem ac rusticum deceat; 
 
 4. When the substantivized adjective stands in co-ordination 
 with real substantives, as in Cic. in Cat. 4, 5, 10: ipsum Len- 
 tulum, largitorem et yrodiguTn; 
 
 5. When it stands in combination with a pronoun, as in 
 Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 6: si qui aut privatus aut populus eorum 
 decreto non stetit, sacrificiis interdictum; 
 
 6. When modified by another adjective, as in Cic. de Fin. 
 4, 5, 10: de callido imfrobo quaerimus. 
 
 According to Kiilmer (p. 225) in combinations like neque 
 quisquam mortalis, quivis Atheniensis, etc., it is the pronoun 
 that is the substantive element of the expression. Nagelsbach^^ 
 thinks the same. In Horace this seems usually to be the case, 
 yet there are a few instances in which the adjective is appar- 
 ently the important element and therefore to be regarded as 
 the substantive. Cf. S. 2, 6, 69 sen quis capit acria fortis 
 pocula; S. 2, 1, 40 his stilus baud petet ultro quemquam 
 animanteTn. 
 
 Nagelsbach^^ (p. 137) says that the use of the present active 
 participle in the nominative singular almost never occurs. In 
 Horace there is only one word of this kind, namely, sapiens, 
 but sapiens although a participle by origin is always used as a 
 substantive or adjective and never as a participle. 
 
 The grammarians and writers of special treatises on sub- 
 stantivization nowhere make a separate classification of ad- 
 jectives of common gender. As a matter of fact, about one 
 half of the adjectives that have been grouped below as mas- 
 culines seem to be common gender. The following instance, 
 for example, seems clearly to be of the common gender: S. 2, 
 6, 95 aut magno aut parvo leti fuga. 
 
 («) The Nominative. 
 
 As to the relative frequency of the masculine singular in the 
 nominative, Kiihner (p. 224) states that it is far rarer than the 
 plural. In Horace, however, just the opposite is the case, the 
 singular being much more frequently substantivized. S. 1, 9, 75 
 
 82 p. 126. 
 
 33 See also Schmalz, p. 610. 
 
20 
 
 casu venit obvius illi adv er sarins ; Epl. 1, 18, 63. S. 2, 3, 162 
 non est cardiacus . . . hie aeger. Epl. 1, 6, 15 insani sapiens 
 nomen ferat, aequos iniqui. S. 1, 1, 108 nemo, ut avarus^ se 
 probet ; Epl. 1, 2, 56 ; 1, 16, 63. Epl. 1, 17, 4 caecus iter mon- 
 strare velit. S. 1, 3, 89 captivos ut audit. Epl. 2, 2, 39 post 
 haec ille catus . . . inquit. S. 1, 5, 21 donee cerehrosus pro- 
 silit unus. S. 1, 1, 17 tu, consultus modo, rusticus; A. P. 369. 
 C. 2, 18, 10 pauperemque dives me petit; Epl. 1, 1, 84. S. 1, 
 10, 52 tu nihil in magno doctus reprehendis Homero; S. 2, 7, 
 13.2* Epl. 1, 18, 87 exfertus metuet. S. 2, 6, 69 seu quis capit 
 acria fortis pocula. S. 1, 9, 33 garrulus hunc quando consumet 
 eumque ; S. 2, 5, 90 ; Epl. 1, 18, 69. S. 2, 5, 31 si gnatus erit. 
 Epl. 2, 2, 193 quantum simplex hilarisque nepoti discrepet. 
 Epl. 1, 17, 32 sine vivat ineptus. Epl. 1, 1, 38 iners, vinosus, 
 amator. C. 3, 4, 20 animosus infans. S. 1, 9, 73 fugit inprohus; 
 2, 6, 29 ; Epl. 1, 7, 63. C. 1, 22, 1 integer vitae . . . non eget. Epl. 
 
 1, 1, 38 invidus, iracundus, . . . amator; 1, 2, 57. Epl. 1, 1, 38 
 invidus, iracundus, iners . . . amator. C. 1, 33, 3 cur tibi iunior 
 laesa praeniteat fide. S. 2, 3, 30 ut lethargicus hie cum fit 
 pugil. S. 2, 3, 281 lihertinus erat; 2, 7, 12. Epl. 1, 1, 93 con- 
 ducto navigio aeque nauseat ae locuples. S. 1, 1, 113 sic 
 festinanti semper locupletior obstat. S. 1, 4, 3 quod mains ac 
 fur, quod moechus foret. Epl. 1, 18, 94 plerumque modestus 
 occupat obscuri speeiem. C. 3, 29, 31 si mortalis ultra fas 
 trepidat. S. 2, 2, 76 vides, ut pallidus omnis cena desurgat 
 dubia. Epl. 1, 5, 25 ut coeat par iungaturque pari. Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 194 quantum discordet parens avaro. Epl. 1, 1, 91 quid 
 pauper. C. 1, 7, 8 plurimus . . . aptum dicet equis Argos. Epl. 
 1, 7, 20 prodigus et stultus donat. S. 1, 7, 17 discedat pulcrior^^ 
 ultro. C. 1, 22, 1 scelerisque purus non eget. E. 2, 68 iam iam 
 rusticus; S. 1, 1, 17; 2, 2, 3; 2, 6, 115; Epl. 1, 2, 42; 1, 7, 83; 
 1, 13, 13; 2, 2, 39; A. P. 213. C. 2, 9, 14 ploravit Anti- 
 loehum senex; A. P. 115. Epl. 2, 2, 193 quantum simplex 
 hilarisque nepoti discrepet. C. 3, 2, 10 sponsus lacessat regius. 
 Epl. 1, 7, 20 prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit. Epl. 1, 
 18, 95 modestus occupat obscuri speeiem, taciturnus acerbi. 
 A. P. 213 turpis honesto. S. 2, 3, 228 aueeps, unguentarius 
 
 34 doctor $ Bland, schol. T. 
 
 35 pigrior Bland, s. 
 
21 
 
 . . . veniant. S. 2, 6, 90 tandem urbanus ad hiinc. S. 2, 4, 55 
 vafer . . . colligit; 2, 5, 24. C. 3, 24, 16 aeqiiali recreat sorte 
 mcarius; S. 2, 7, 79. C. 3, 7, 23 at tibi ne mcinus Enipeus plus 
 iusto placeat, cave; S. 2, 2, 120; 2, 6, 77=^^; Epl. 2, 2, 132. Epl. 
 1, 14, 15 vilicus optas; 2, 2, 160. Epl. 1, 1, 38 iners, vinosus, 
 amator. 
 
 (h) Genitive. 
 
 Epl. 1, 18, 95 plerumqiie modestiis occupat obscuri speeiem, 
 taciturnus acerhi. A. P. 7 velut aegri^"^ somnia. C. 4, 1, 18 
 largi muneribus riserit aemuli. C. 4, 9, 47 rectius occupat 
 iiomen heati. S. 2, 5, 47 caelihis obsequium. Epl. 2, 2, 87 
 f rater erat Romae consulti rhetor. Epl. 2, 1, 246 quae multa 
 dantis cum laude tulerunt. S. 1, 4, 83 famamque dicacis, 
 fingere qui non visa potest. A. P. 112 si dicentis erunt fortunis 
 obsona dicta. S. 1, 3, 43 at pater ut gnati; 2, 3, 304. Epl. 1, 6, 
 15 insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequos iniqui. S. 2, 3, 74 insani 
 est, contra bene sani; Epl. 1, 6, 15. Epl. 1, 19, 46 luctantis 
 acuto ne secer ungui. Epl. 2, 2, 124 ludentis speeiem dabit. 
 Epl. 1, 7, 24 pro laude merentis. Epl. 1, 18, 95 occupat obscuri 
 speeiem, taciturnus acerbi. E. 11, 12 nil valere candidum 
 pauperis ingenium. S. 2, 3, 74 si male rem gerere insani est, 
 contra bene sani. Epl. 1, 18, 2 metues, liberrime Lolli, scur- 
 rantis speeiem praebere. S. 2, 1, 34 quo fit, ut omnis . . . vita 
 senis; Epl. 2, 1, 56. A. P. 98 si curat cor spectantis tetigisse 
 querella. S. 1, 10, 13 defendente vicem modo rhetoris . . . 
 interdum urhani.^^ 
 
 (c) Dative. 
 
 Epl. 2, 1, 114 habrotonum aegro non audet . . . dare. C. 3, 2, 
 30 neglectus incesto addidit integrum. Epl. 1, 11, 17 incolumi 
 Rhodos et Mitylene pulcra facit. Epl. 1, 16, 34 detulerit 
 fasces indigno. Epl. 1, 5, 14 adsidet insano. S. 2, 6, 95 neque 
 ulla est aut magno aut parvo leti fuga, S. 1, 3, 59 nullique 
 7nalo latus obdit apertum. Epl. 1, 1, 48 meliori credere non 
 vis. Epl. 2, 1, 106 minori dicere. C. 1, 24, 10 nulli flebilior 
 quam tibi, Vergili; C. 1, 36, 6; S. 2, 2, 134; 2, 5, 5; Epl. 2, 2, 
 
 36 vicinos (-nas ¥) X I Bland., vicino E. 
 
 37 aegris a B K schol. V V. 
 
 38 urbane (urbemR") K* *. 
 
22 
 
 148 ; 2, 2, 175. S. 1, 3, 16 huic parco. Epl. 1, 5, 26 ut coeat par 
 iungatiirque pa7i. S. 2, 6, 95 aut magno aut parvo leti fuga. 
 C. 2, 18, 33 aequa tellus pauperi recluditur; 3, 21, 18. S. 2, 5, 
 76 ultro Penelopam facilis potiori trade. Epl. 2, 2, 36 quae 
 timido quoque possent addere mentem. 
 
 {d) Accusative. 
 
 Epl. 2, 1, 131 inopem solatur et aegrum. Epl. 1, 18, 90 agilem 
 navomque remissi. S. 2, 6, 98 haec ubi dicta agrestem pepulere ; 
 2, 6, 107. E. 11, 9 in quis amantem languor et silentium arguit. 
 S. 2, 1, 40 hie stilus baud petet ultro quemquam animantem. 
 S. 2, 3, 249 siquem delectet harhatum. Epl. 1, 16, 69 ven- 
 dere cum possis captivom. Epl. 1, 17, 61 crudeles, tollite 
 claudum. S. 2, 5, 90 di-fficilem et morosum offendet garrulus. 
 Epl. 1, 18, 78 non dlgnum tradimus. C. 4, 11, 31 disparem vites. 
 A. P. 474 indoctum doctumque fugat recitator acerbus. Epl. 
 1, 5, 17 ad proelia trudit inertem.^^ Epl. 2, 1, 131 inopem 
 solatur, C. 1, 34, 13 insignem^° attenuat deus. C. 3, 2, 30 saepe 
 Diespiter neglectus incesto addidit integ7nim. Epl. 1, 2, 52 
 iuvat ilium sic domus et res ut lippum pictae tabulae. S. 2, 
 5, 29 qui meliorem audax vocet in ius. S. 2, 5, 90 difficilem et 
 morosum offendet garrulus. S. 2, 6, 58 ut unum scilicet egregii 
 mortalem altique silenti. Epl. 1, 18, 90 agilem navomque 
 remissi. Epl. 1, 18, 80 ut penitus notum, si temptent crimina. 
 Epl. 1, 6, 38 ac bene nummatum decorat. C. 1, 24, 8 nudaque 
 Veritas quando ullum inveniet parem. Epl. 1, 7, 44 parvom 
 parva decent. C. 2, 18, 39 his levare functum pauperem. 
 Epl. 1, 17, 62 quaere peregrinum. C. 3,2,31 raro antecedentem 
 scelestum deseruit. Epl. 1, 18, 90 oderunt . . . sedatum celeres. 
 S. 2, 5, 71 libertusve senem delirum temperet; A. P. 169. S. 2, 
 5, 42 aliquis cubito stantem prope tangens inquiet. Epl. 1, 2, 
 71 nee tardum opperior. Epl. 1, 18, 89 oderunt hilarem tristes 
 tristemque iocosi. 
 
 (e) Vocative. 
 
 S. 2, 6, 51 O hone,- 2, 6, 95 ;" Epl. 2, 2, 37. S. 1, 9, 4 quid 
 agis, dulcissime rerum. C. 4, 1, 40 sequor . . . te per aquas, 
 
 39 inermem A F X ?. 
 
 40 insigne Bentley. 
 
 41 bene E I (Bland.)- 
 
23 
 
 dure^ volubilis. S. 2, 3, 207 placavi sanguine divos. ' nempe 
 tuo, furiose.'' S. 2, 2, 104 cur, inprohe, carae non aliquid; 2, 
 3, 200. S. 2, 2, 33 laudas, insane, . . . mullum ; 2, 3, 184 ; 2, 3, 
 326 ; 2, 6, 29 ; 2, 7, 95. E. 13, 12 invicte, mortalis dea nate puer 
 Thetide. C. 1, 27, 18 a miser, . . . digne puer; S. 2, 3, 14. S. 
 2, 6, 5 Maia nate. S. 2, 7, 22 quo pacto, pessime. C. 3, 25, 14 
 O Naiadum potens. S. 2, 3, 123 dis inimice senex. S. 2, 3, 
 160 ' cur, Stoice ' dicam ; 2, 3, 300. Epl. 1, 14, 1 vilice silvarum. 
 
 (/) Ablative 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 194 discordet parens avaro. Epl. 1, 4, 5 quidquid 
 dignum sapiente honoque^^ est; 1, 16, 20. Epl. 1, 17, 22 tu 
 poscis vilia, verum es dante minor. S. 1, 2, 21 quern miserum 
 gnato vixisse fugato inducit; S. 2, 3, 203. A. P. 213 urbano 
 confusus, turpis honesto. C. 3, 30, 12 ex humili potens. Epl. 
 
 1, 7, 83 ex nit'ido fit rusticus. A. P. 423 spondere levi pro 
 paupere. C. 2, 12, 27 poscente . . . eripi ; Epl. 1, 17, 44. . S. 
 
 2, 5, 12 domino sene; 2, 5, 82 ; 2, 5, 84. C. 1, 29, 6 sponso necato. 
 A. P. 213 rusticus urhano confusus, turpis honesto. 
 
 The following comparatives are found in the masculine 
 singular : 
 
 C. 1, 33, 3 cur tibi iunior laesa praeniteat fide. S. 1, 1, 113 
 sic festinanti semper locupletior obstat. S. 1, 7, 17 discedat 
 pulcrior ultro. Epl. 1, 1, 48 melioH credere non vis. Epl. 
 2, 1, 106 minori dicere. S. 2, 5, 76 ultro Penelopam facilis 
 potiori trade. 
 
 There are four superlatives: C. 1, 7, 8 plurimus . . . aptum 
 dicet equis Argos. A. P. 417 occupet extremum scabies. S. 1, 
 9, 4 quid agis, dulcissime rerum. S. 2, 7, 22 quo pacto, pessime. 
 
 Of the instances given above special mention should be made 
 of integer and purus, which are used substantively in a rather 
 bold way, since the genitives mta£, and sceleris are used to 
 complete their meaning. Likewise plurimus, C. 1, 7, 8 is 
 nowhere else used in this sense; multus, however, is occasion- 
 ally used with this meaning, e.g., Lucan, Pharsalia, III. 707 
 rmdtus sua volnera puppi affixit. 
 
 In general it may be said that Horace furnishes examples of 
 all the six uses mentioned by Nagelsbach (see p. 123) ; there 
 
 42 bonumque K tt. 
 
24 
 
 are besides in Horace those: (1) that express physical, mental 
 and moral qualities, e. g.^ aeger^ cerebrosus, aequus; (2) that 
 denote occupations, e.g., consuUus, rusticus, vilicus; (3) that 
 designate a definitive idea, e.g., iunior, omnis; (4) that are 
 modified by an adverb, e.g., cf. Epl. 1, 18, 80; 1, 6, 38; S. 2, 
 5, 42. 
 
 4. The Masculine Plural. 
 
 According to Dietrich's fundamental remark, says Nagels- 
 bach (p. 119), only those masculine plural adjectives can be 
 substantivized which designate a class of individuals who 
 receive their character from the quality indicated by the 
 adjective: thus militares suggests the "warrior class"; honi, 
 the " conservatives " ; docti, the " learned," etc. 
 
 Later, however, it was shown by Wueseke {op. cit., p. 45 f.) 
 that substantivized adjectives of the masculine and feminine 
 plural do not of necessity refer to the entire class of individuals 
 indicated by the quality of the adjective. Accordingly 
 Wueseke distinguishes three uses: (1) they refer to the entire 
 class (totum genus) ; (2) they refer to two or more individuals 
 {certae ac definitae personae) ; or (3) they are indefinite {du- 
 hiae at que incertae). 
 
 To prove his point Wueseke cites Plautus, Bacch. 397 ilium 
 laudabunt honi, where it is quit^ apparent that honi does not 
 mean the whole class of good men, but rather any good men. 
 
 Likewise, pessumae, Bacch. 1122, clearly refers only to the 
 two Bacchides. 
 
 Swan''^ adds still another observation in this connection. 
 He says : " it should also be noted that adjectives, after coming 
 to be associated with a class of individuals sharing the quality 
 designated by the adjective, may undergo a shift of meaning, 
 inasmuch as other prominent qualities characteristic of that 
 group may also pass into association with the given substan- 
 tivized adjective. This is true, for example, of optimi, 'the 
 aristocracy,' which becoming associated with this distinct polit- 
 ical party, naturally connoted in specific instances other traits 
 of the party than those usually implied in the adjective 
 optimus.''^ 
 
 43 op. cit., p. 196. 
 
26 
 
 We have previously stated (see p. 19) that up to the present 
 time writers on substantivization have never mentioned the 
 fact that some substantive adjectives are of common gender. 
 Of the examples given below about 80 per cent, seem to be of 
 common gender. The following is an undoubted instance: S. 
 
 1, 1, 85 omnes vicini oderunt, noti, pueri atque puellae. 
 
 Of the instances of the masculine plural given below atten- 
 tion should be called to cautos in S. 2, 6, 45, because it is modi- 
 fied by an adverb. 
 
 {a) Nominative. 
 
 S. 2, 2, 89 rancidum aprum antiqui laudabant. Epl. 1, 16, 
 52 oderunt peccare honi. Epl. 1, 18, 90 oderunt hilarem tristes 
 tristemque iocosi, sedatum celeres. S. 1, 9, 27 est tibi mater, 
 cognati. Epl. 2, 1, 51 ut critici dicunt. C. 4, 4, 29 fortes 
 creantur fortibus et bonis; 4, 9, 25. Epl. 1, 18, 89 tristemque 
 iocosi. Epl. 1, 10, 3 at cetera paene gemelli. A. P. 78 gram- 
 matici certant. S. 2, 7, 5 maiores voluerunt. S. 1, 2, 2 mendici, 
 mimae, balatrones. S. 1, 4, 75 sunt midti. S. 1, 1, 85 omnes 
 vicini oderunt, noti., pueri atque puellae. C. 1, 36, 17 omnes 
 in Damalin putris deponent oculos; E. 5, 57; S. 1, 2, 46; 1, 6, 
 46; 1, 7, 10; 2, 3, 32; 2, 3, 47; 2, 6, 49; Epl. 2, 2, 58. S. 1, 6, 
 5 ut flerique solent. S. 1, 6, 101 atque salutandi flures; Epl. 
 
 2, 1, 183. Epl. 1, 18, 90 sedatum celeres, agilem navomque 
 remissi. C. 2, 8, 22 metuont . . . te senes parci; S. 1, 1, 31; 
 Epl. 1, 1, 55. Epl. 1, 2, 28 sponsi Penelopae. S. 1, 2, 24 dum 
 vitant stulti vitia. Epl. 1, 18, 89 oderunt hilarem tristes 
 tristemque iocosi. S. 1, 1, 85 omnes vicini oderunt; Epl. 1, 
 14, 39. 
 
 {!)) Genitive. 
 
 C. 3, 10, 14 nee tinctus viola pallor amantium. C. 4, 14, 29 
 ut harharomm Claudius agmina. C. 2, 2, 18 numero heatorum. 
 Epl. 2, 2, 136 hie ubi cognatorum opibus curisque refectus 
 expulit elleboro morbum bilemque meraco. C. 3, 11, 6 nunc et 
 divitum mensis et amica templis; C. 3, 16, 23. C. 3, 24, 46 quo 
 clamor vocat et turba faventium. C. 3, 6, 1 delicta maiorum 
 inmeritus lues; S. 2, 1, 61. A. P. 174 censorque minoriim. E. 
 2, 2 ut prisca gens mortalium. S. 1, 9, 72 unus multorum. C. 
 4, 9, 42 reiecit alto dona nocentium voltu. C. 2, 3, 25 omnium 
 
26 
 
 versatur urna . . . sors. C. 1, 4, 13 mors aequo piUsat pede 
 pauperum tabernas ; 3, 29, 14 ; E. 17, 47. S. 1, 1, 111 neque se 
 maiori paupenorum turbae conparet. C. 2, 13, 23 sedesque dis- 
 criptas piorum. C. 4, 3, 22 qoiid monstror digito praetereun- 
 tium Romanae fidicen lyrae. Epl. 2, 2, 204 re extremi prim- 
 orum. A. P. 341 centuriae seniorum. C. 1, 28, 19 mixta senum 
 ac invenum densentur funera ; S. 2, 5, 24. Epl. 1, 16, 24 stult- 
 orum incurata piidor. C. 2, 5, 12 veterumque norma; S. 2, 7, 
 101. S. 1, 10, 42 garrire libellos unus vivorum. 
 
 (c) Dative. 
 
 Epl. 1, 15, 7 invidus aegris. S. 2, 3, 82 danda est . . . pars 
 maxima avaris. C. 1, 24, 9 multis ille bonis flebilis occidit; 
 Epl. 1, 12, 24 ; A. P. 196. C. 4, 6, 17 sed palam captis gravis. 
 Epl. 2, 2, 159 si credis consultis. S. 1, 5, 49 pila lippis inimiciim 
 et ludere crudis. C. 3, 5, 30 curat reponi deteriorihus. Epl. 1, 
 7, 22 vir bonus et sapiens dignis ait esse paratus. S. 1, 7, 16 
 si disparihus bellum incidat. S. 1, 6, 114 adsisto divinis. C. 
 3, 29, 13 plerumque gratae divitihus vices; Epl. 1, 17, 9. Epl. 
 1, 1, 63 quae regnum recte facientibus offert. A. P. 101 ita 
 fientihus adflent humani voltus. S. 1, 1, 83 reddat gnatis 
 carisque propinguis; 2, 3, 169. S. 1, 6, 16 qui stultus honores 
 saepe dat indignis. Epl. 1, 18, 86 dulcis inexpertis cultura 
 potentis amici. S. 2, 2, 107 O magnus posthac inimicis risus. 
 Epl. 2, 1, 151 fuit intactis quoque cura. C. 2, 8, 21 te suis 
 matres metuont iuvencis. S. 1, 5, 49 lippis inimicum; 1, 7, 3. 
 Epl. 1, 1, 25 prodest locupletihus aeque. Epl. 2, 2, 71 nihil ut 
 meditantihus obstet. S. 2, 5, 19 certans . . . meliorihus; Epl. 
 1, 2, 68. Epl. 2, 1, 84 parere minorihus. A. P. 201 redeat 
 miseris. C. 1, 3, 37 nil mortalihus ardui est; S. 1, 9, 60. Epl. 
 1, 1, 80 multis occulto crescit res faenore. C. 1, 28, 31 inmeritis 
 . . . natis. S. 1, 4, 91 tibi . . . infesto nigris. C. 2, 14, 9 unda, 
 scilicet omnibus . . . enaviganda ; C. 3, 4, 13. A. P. 159 gestit 
 paHbus conludere. S. 2, 3, 120 insanus paucis videatur; Epl. 
 1, 20, 4. Epl. 1, 1, 25 quod aeque pauperihus, prodest 
 locupletibus aeque. Epl. 2, 2, 213 decede peritis. E. 16, 66 
 piis secunda . . . datur fuga. C. 3, 24, 30 clarus postgenitis. 
 S. 1, 5, 6 iter . . . , altius ac nos praecinctis unum. Epl. 1, 20, 
 23 me primis urbis belli placuisse domique. C. 2, 15, 15 nulla 
 
27 
 
 decempedis metata privatis opacam porticus excipiebat Arcton. 
 S. 1, 1, 83 reddat gnatis carisque propinquis. A. P. 101 ut 
 ridentihus adrident. Epl. 1, 1, 26 pueris senibusqiie nocebit. 
 Epl. 1, 19, 9 adimam cantare severis. C. 1, 18, 3 siccis omnia 
 nam dura dens proposuit; Epl. 1, 19, 9. S. 1, 3, 77 cetera item 
 neqiieunt stultis haerentia. A. P. 201 abeat Fortuna superhis. 
 C. 3, 10, 16 supplicibus tuis parcas. S. 1, 5, 6 minus est gravis 
 Appia tardis; 2, 6, 28. Epl. 1, 15, 33 ubi nequitiae fautoribus 
 et timidis nil aut paulum abstulerat. 
 
 {d) Accusative. 
 
 E. 1, 18 qui maior absentis habet. S. 1, 3, 53 acris inter 
 numeretur. S. 1, 4, 126 avidos vicinum funus ut aegros 
 exanimat. C. 1, 8, 6 neque militaris inter aequalis equitet; E. 
 12, 23. S. 2, 6, 45 parum cautos iam frigora mordent. S. 2, 8. 
 13 quodque posset cenantis offendere. C. 1, 35, 15 neu populus 
 frequens . . . cessantis ' ad arma ' concitet. S. 1, 1, 88 at si 
 cognatos . . . retinere velis . . . amicos; 2, 3, 316. S. 1, 4, 87 
 aspergere cunctos. S. 1, 6, 51 cautum dignos adsumere. Epl. 
 1, 18, 96 percontabere doctos. S. 1, 6, 6 naso suspendis ad- 
 unco ignotos; 1, 6, 24. C. 3, 1, 15 Necessitas sortitur insignis 
 et imos. S. 1,4, 76 inanis hoc iuvat. S. 1, 7, 15 duo si discordia 
 vexet inertis. Epl. 1, 7, 21 haec seges ingratos^* tulit. C. 3, 
 27, 1 inpios parrae recinentis omen ducat. S. 2, 3, 40 insanos 
 qui inter vereare insanus haberi. C. 3, 1, 15 Necessitas sortitur 
 insigiiis et imos. A. P. 197 regat iratos. S. 2, 3, 308 longos 
 imitaris. S. 1, 9, 33 loquacis, si sapiat, vitet. Epl. 2, 1, 106 
 maiores audire. E. 6, 11 in malos asperrimus. S. 1, 6, 37 omnis 
 mortalis curare . . . cogit. E. 17, 79 possim crematos excitare 
 TTiortuos. C. 1, 1, 23 multos castra iuvant. C. 2, 18, 28 
 sordidosque natos; 3, 5, 42; 4, 4, 55. C. 1, 12, 46 micat inter 
 omnis lulium sidus; C. 1, 28, 15; S. 1, 4, 36; 1, 5, 76; 2, 3, 81; 
 A. P. 265. S. 2, 3, 49 palantis error . . . pellit. S. 2, 3, 149 
 accedere plures. S. 2, 1, 69 prhnores populi arripuit. C. 3, 5, 
 51 dimovit obstantis propinquos^^ ; S. 2, 3, 218. S. 1, 3, 83 inter 
 sanos dicatur. Epl. 1, 1, 79 excipiantque senes. C. 3, 11, 31 
 sponsos . . . perdere. S. 2, 1, 50 suspectos terreat. A. P. 197 
 
 44 ingratis F X L 
 
 45 amicos # ex v. 47. 
 
28 
 
 amet pacare timentis.*^ S. 1, 5, 12 trecentos inseris. S. 2, 2 
 97 adde iratum patruom, vicinos. 
 
 (e) Vocative. 
 
 S. 2, 2, 1 quae virtus et quanta, honi,'^'' sit vivere parvo. Epl. 
 1, 17, 61 crudeles, tollite claudum. C. 1, 21, 10 vos . . . mares. 
 C. 2, 19, 2 credite, posteri; E. 9, 11. S. 1, 10, 21 O seri 
 studiorum. 
 
 (/) Ablative. 
 
 S. 1, 4, 117 si traditum ab antiquis morem. C. 4, 4, 29 fortes 
 creantur fortibus et bonis. S. 2, 3, 58 cum cognatis. Epl. 2, 2, 
 204 extremis usque priores. C. 4, 4, 29 fortes creantur fortibus 
 et bonis. S. 1, 6, 24 non minus ignotos generosis. S. 2, 2, 115 
 cum pecore et gnat'is; 2, 5, 28. S. 2, 1, 76 me cum magnis 
 vixisse. S. 1, 5, 55 ab his maioribus orti; 1, 6, 10; Epl. 1, 17, 2. 
 S. 2, 8, 40 secutis omnibus. S. 1, 10, 55 de se loquitur non ut 
 maiore reprensis. 
 
 The following instances of the comparative are found in the 
 masculine plural: 
 
 S. 2, 7, 5 maiores voluerunt. S. 1, 6, 101 atque salutandi 
 plures; Epl. 2, 1, 183. C. 3, 6, 1 delicta maiorum inmeritus 
 lues; S. 2, 1, 61. A. P. 174 censorque minorum. S. 1, 1, 111 
 neque se maiori pauperiorum turbae conparet. A. P. 341 
 centuriae seniorum agitant. C. 3, 5, 30 curat reponi deterioribus. 
 S. 2, 5, 19 certans semper melioribus; Epl. 1, 2, 68. Epl. 2, 1, 
 84 putant parere 7ninoribus. Epl. 2, 1, 106 maiores audire. 
 S. 2, 3, 149 accedere plures. S. 2, 1, 69 primores populi arripuit. 
 
 S. 1, 5, 55 ab his maioribus orti ad pugnam venere ; 1, 6, 10 ; 
 Epl. 1, 17, 2. 
 
 There is only one superlative : Epl. 2, 2, 204 extremis usque 
 priores. 
 
 The masculine plurals in Horace designate: (1) nationality, 
 e.g., Achivi, Romani; (2) a quality of the object, — physical, 
 mental or moral, e.g.., fortes, celeres, boni; (3) a calling, e.g., 
 consulti, grammatici; (4) relationship, e.g., antiqui, cognati, 
 noti; (5) an indefinite idea, e.g., multi, omnes, plerique. 
 
 Adjectives of the feminine gender are rarely used substan- 
 
 46tuineiites s. 
 47 bonis Is. 
 
29 
 
 tively in Horace or in any other writer. In fact women are 
 relatively seldom mentioned in Latin literature, nor are the 
 qualities of women often dwelt upon. The grammarians do 
 not even honor substantive adjectives of this gender with a 
 separate classification. The examples in Horace are the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 5. The Femixine Singular. 
 
 (a) Nominative. 
 
 C. 3, 19, 24 vicina seni non habilis Lyco. 
 
 ( 6 ) Genitive. 
 C. 2, 5, 2 nondum munia conparis aequare. 
 
 (c) Dative. 
 
 S. 2, 3, 215 huic vestem ut gnatae, paret ancillas, parefc 
 aurum. C. 4, 2, 21 flebili sponsae iuvenemve raptum; Epl. 
 1, 19, 31. 
 
 {d) Accusative. 
 
 S. 2, 3, 219 siquis gnatam pro muta devovet agna ; 2, 3, 199. 
 S. 1, 2, 30 contra alius nullani nisi olenti in fomice stantem. 
 E. 5, 66 novam . . . nuptam abstulit. E. 15, 14 quaeret iratus 
 parem. C. 3, 15, 16 te . . . non decent . . . vetulam*^ . . . cadi. 
 
 6. The Feminine Plural. 
 
 (a) Genitive. 
 
 S. 1, 2, 48 quanto merx est in classe secunda, lihertinarnm 
 dico. C. 3, 12, 1 miserarum est neque amori dare. S. 1, 4, 27 
 hie nupfarum insanit amoribus. 
 
 (5) Accusative. 
 
 E. 5, 84 moUibus lenire verbis inpias. 
 
 There are no instances of comparatives or superlatives in the 
 feminine singular or plural. 
 
 The adjectives of the feminine may denote: (1) relationship, 
 e.g., gnata, nata, sponsa; (2) a class, e.g., libertina, inpia; (3) 
 a quality of the object, e.g., misera. 
 
 48vetula A B E * Ps. Porph. 
 
CLASS B. 
 
 Since the publication of Ott's paper, substantive adjectives 
 have been rather sharply divided into two classes. Our hand- 
 books on Latin grammar have meagre information on the 
 second method of substantivization, yet they all make mention 
 of it. According to Ott {op. cit., p. 2), the process is external, 
 not arising from the " elements " of the adjective, but being 
 due to the disappearance of a general substantive term, which 
 term is related to the adjective term as the genus is related to 
 the species ; this generic term, he says, is concrete in the large 
 majority of cases. 
 
 Rolfe^ and later Meader^ have pointed out the error in fol- 
 lowing too closely Ott's interpretation. Meader very aptly 
 says: "This division of substantivized adjectives into two 
 classes, while it is in some respects convenient for the purpose 
 of systematic classification and description, has been rather too 
 sharply drawn heretofore, and has tended to obscure at least 
 partially the real nature of the processes involved in the 
 change. In the first place we should never lose sight of the 
 fact, that the grammatical function of a word is only one of 
 the many elements or groups of elements of thought and feel- 
 ing that constitute the complex meaning it bears in any given 
 sentence in which it may occur. For example, in handling the 
 problem now before us, we should distinguish carefully between 
 the iDrocesses involved in the shift of grammatical category 
 (from adjective to substantive) on the one hand and those in- 
 volved in a change of what is ordinarily called the ' meaning ' 
 of a word on the other." 
 
 The point just made, namely, that, where there is an ellipsis 
 of a substantive, the adjective receives its meaning not wholly 
 from the omitted substantive but from the sentence as a whole, 
 or from the general context, may be illustrated by the follow- 
 ing passages in Horace: C. 2, 15, 9 tum spissa ramis laurea 
 
 1 Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc, vol. 30, p. 6. 
 
 2 University of Michigan Studies, vol. 3, pp. 182 ff. 
 
 30 
 
31 
 
 pervidos excludet ictus, and 4, 2, 9 laurea donandus Apollinari. 
 In the first passage it is clear that the elided word is arbor, 
 while in the second reference it is evident that corona must be 
 supplied; hence the meaning of laurea is determined by the 
 general meaning of each of these two sentences. 
 
 The question is often asked when an adjective of this class 
 is to be regarded as having completely become a substantive. 
 The answer is not readily given; for in the same writer we 
 find adjective plus substantive in one passage, and the same 
 adjective with ellipsis of the substantive in another. PauP 
 says in this connection : " Sobald nun die Unterstiitzung durch 
 die Situation fiir das Verstandniss entbehrlich ist, so ist auch 
 das Wort nicht mehr als ein Adjectiv zu betrachten, sondern 
 als ein wirkliches Substantivum, und es kann dann von einer 
 Ellipse in keinem Sinne mehr die Rede sein." 
 
 I have given all the references in Horace to each instance 
 in which the substantive has been retained with adjectives of 
 this class and have made such deductions as seemed fitting. 
 
 Another difficulty is to determine what substantive was 
 omitted with words formed by suffixes in -ale {-al), -are {-ar), 
 -ile, -inum, -anum, -arium, -orium. The substantivizing of most 
 words of this kind is probably as old as the objects they denote. 
 In other words they become substantives in prehistoric times, 
 the masculine and feminine forms of these supposed adjectives 
 having disappeared entirely.* It should be remembered, more- 
 over, that some of these suffixes were used in the formation of 
 real substantives. 
 
 Again in regard to neuter plurals like ama, ardua, summa, 
 ahrtipta, etc., there is a difference of opinion as to their classi- 
 fication. Drager^ supplies loca and I have followed his clas- 
 sification. 
 
 Geographical adjectives used substantively are treated fully 
 by Rolfe.*' He shows that from an historical point of view 
 ellipsis is more frequent in late Latin, especially in poetry; 
 
 3 Prinzipien der Spraclig-escliichte, p. 298 f. 
 
 4 See Skiitsch, Archiv fiir lat. Lex. u. Gr., XV, pp. 34 S. 
 
 5 op. cit., p. 50. 
 
 oT. A. P. A., vol. 31 (1900), p. 12 
 
32 
 
 that in the case of rivers, lakes, islands, mountains, and the 
 like, we have substantives rather than adjectives; that in com- 
 binations like Rhenus flumen, Rhodanus flumen, Rhenus and 
 Rhodanus are nouns in apposition with flumen, although they 
 may have been adjectives originally. 
 
 Care must be taken in this connection to note the airo kolvov 
 construction. All instances should be, and have been, excluded 
 in which the ellipsis may be supplied by a word in the same 
 sentence, or from a sentence near at hand; likewise, when al- 
 most an entire poem has been devoted to a special subject, 
 many of the adjectives receive their meanings from an ellipsis 
 that runs through all of it. For example in the Ars Poetica, 
 which is devoted to a discussion of poetic composition, in lines 
 44-72 the proper arrangement and choice of words is described 
 and verba, 1. 46, is to be supplied with several adjectives. 
 
 Similarly in S. 2, 6, 80-117, there is a dialogue between the 
 country mouse and the city mouse. While grammatically the 
 word mus, 1. 80, might be understood with the adjectives iir- 
 hanus, agrestem and rusticus in the following lines, yet such 
 an interpretation seems too prosaic and I have consequently 
 listed these adjectives under class A. 
 
 The substantive adjectives of this class in Horace have been 
 divided into three groups. In the first group are those words 
 which are originally adjectives, but are now used only as " true 
 substantives," their original use having been completely for- 
 gotten. The second group, by far the largest, contains the 
 words that are still occasionally used as adjectives, so that 
 the omitted word can usually be conjectured without the aid 
 of the immediate context. The third division comprises those 
 instances in which the omitted substantive can be determined 
 only by the immediate context. 
 
 Group 1. True Substantives. 
 
 The words of this group seem to have been adjectives orig- 
 inally, but even in the earliest extant Latin they were used as 
 true substantives. Of the words given below, Rolfe, Trans. 
 Amer. Phil. Assoc, vol 30 (1899), p. 8, shows by citations 
 from Pliny and Horace that the original adjective use of creta 
 had been completely forgotten. 
 
33 
 
 Both as to the derivation and meaning of satura there has 
 been much difference of opinion. The native (Eoman) gram- 
 marians^ state that the adjective satur is the only adjective in 
 -ur of the o declension in the Latin language implying an 
 ellipsis of fahula. Livy VII. 2. 4 ff. explains the noun satura 
 as applying to one of the early forms of the native Italian 
 drama. But Ullman, Class. Phil. 8 (1913), 172 ff., more cor- 
 rectly explains it as a neuter plural substantive adjective, which 
 later came to be regarded as a collective feminine singular. 
 
 Likewise Lacon (sc. canis), E. 6, 5, seems originally to have 
 been an adjective whose feminine is Lacaena : cf . Aokwv, -wvo? 
 and AoKatm in Greek and in the following passages in Horace : 
 C. 2, 6, 11 Laconi . . . Phalantho; 4, 9, 16 Helene Lacaena. 
 
 The following are the instances of this group, the italicized 
 word at the head of each group being the elided substantive. 
 
 canis. 
 Lacon^ E. 6, 5. 
 
 dies. 
 
 hruma C. 2, 6, 18; 4, 7, 12; S. 2, 6, 25; Epl. 1, 7, 10; 1, 11, 19. 
 Idus E. 2, 69; S. 1, 6, 75. Cf. Idus tibi sunt agendae, qui dies 
 
 mensem . . . findit Aprilem, C. 4, 11, 14. 
 Kalendae C. 3, 8, 1; E. 2, 70; S. 1, 3, 87. 
 
 frumentum. 
 diarium^ Epl. 1, 14, 40. 
 
 opus, 
 ftisanarium}^ S. 2, 3, 155. 
 
 terra, 
 creta^. 12, 10; S. 2,3,246. 
 
 ruhrica S. 2, 7, 98. Cf. buceas rubrica, creta omne corpus 
 intinxti tibi ; Plant. True. 294. 
 
 7 See Charisius in Keil's Gramm. Lat., I. 183. 7. 
 
 8 Laco ABC. 
 
 9 cibaria Ki Goth. s. 
 
 10 tisanarium (tys- * ex. Vat.) a D E * (ex. Vatic). 
 
34 
 
 via. 
 salelra Epl. 1, 17, 53. 
 
 vitis {?). 
 vinea C. 3, 1, 29 ; E. 16, 44; S. 2, 4, 43. 
 
 Group 2. Semi- Substantives. 
 
 This group contains those substantivized adjectives whose 
 omitted substantive has been forgotten to such an extent that 
 they may almost be regarded as true substantives. The omitted 
 word can for the most part readily be supplied without the aid 
 of the immediate context. 
 
 The number of instances in Horace in which the substan- 
 tive is still retained with the adjective is almost negligible, 
 there being only twenty- three (23) in the entire group. As 
 to specific instances, superi (sc. dei) and natalis (sc. dies) are 
 almost wholly used as adjectives. 
 
 The following words are used once with a substantive and 
 once without: togata (sc. ancilla), Molossus (sc. canis), quarta 
 (sc. hora), secunda (sc. hora)^ Aegaeum (sc. mare), sextilis 
 (sc. mensis), secunda (sc. pars), praesens (sc. tempus), secreta 
 (sc. loca). 
 
 The adjectives in Horace denoting the various kinds of wine 
 have almost universally become complete substantives, with 
 the exception of Chiumn and Caecubum, which are still used as 
 adjectives. Examples : 
 
 adytum, 
 penetrale C. 2, 13, 6 ; 4, 4, 26 ; Epl. 2, 2, 114. 
 
 a£s. 
 
 viaticum Epl. 1, 17, 54 ; 2, 2, 26. 
 
 aetas. 
 senecta C. 1, 31, 19; 2, 6, 6; 2, 14, 3; Epl. 2, 2, 211. 
 
35 
 
 alimentum. 
 
 cibarium S. 1, 1, 32. Cf. mihi rem summam credidit cibariam, 
 
 Plaut. Capt. 901. 
 fulmentarium S. 2, 2, 20. Cf. pulmentari cibo, Plin. 18, 118. 
 volgarium S. 2, 2, 38. Cf. vulgariis proverbiis, Arnob. 6, 9. 
 
 amnis. 
 Aufidus C. 3, 30, 10; 4, 9, 2; 4, 14, 25; S. 1, 1, 58. 
 
 ancilla, or meretrix. 
 togata S. 1, 2, 82. Cf. ancilla . . . togata, S. 1, 2, 63. 
 
 aqua, 
 gelida S. 2, 7, 91. 
 
 arbor, 
 laurea C. 2, 15, 9. 
 
 avis. 
 
 ales C. 1, 6, 2; 2, 20, 10; 2, 20, 16; 3, 3, 61; 3, 4, 78; 4, 4, 1; 4, 
 
 6, 24; E. 5, 100; 10, 1; 16, 24; 17, 12; 17, 67. 
 altilis Epl. 1, 7, 35. 
 aquila C. 4, 4, 32 ; S. 1, 3, 27. 
 volucris S. 1, 5, 6. 
 
 hestia (helua). 
 
 caprea C. 1, 33, 8; 3, 15, 12; 4, 4, 13; E. 12, 26; S. 2, 4, 43. 
 fera C. 3, 3, 41; E. 5, 55; 6, 8; 16, 10; S. 1, 3, 109; 1, 8, 17. 
 
 has, see vacca. 
 
 invencus C. 3, 27, 45; 4, 4, 30; E. 1, 25; 17, 39. 
 mugiens E. 2, 11. 
 
 arduom C. 2, 19, 21. 
 purum C. 1, 34, 7. 
 
 cams. 
 Molossus E. 6, 5. Cf. Molossis . . . canibus, S. 2, 6, 114. 
 
36 
 
 caro. 
 agnina}'^ Epl. 1, 15, 35. 
 
 certamen. 
 Olympium Epl. 1, 1, 50. Cf . Gk. 'OXvinrui (sc. Ux/oa) , Hdt. 8, 26 ; 
 
 'OAv/ATTioKos dyctfv ThuC. 1, 6. 
 
 Pythium Epl. 2, 3, 414. 
 
 corona, 
 laurea C. 2, 15, 9; 4, 2, 9. Cf. laurea corona, Liv. 23, 11. 
 
 deus, dea. 
 alma C. 3, 4, 42. 
 Aquarius S. 1, 1, 36. Cf. vas aquarium, Varr. L. L. 5, 25; rota 
 
 aquaria, Cato, R. R. 11. 
 caeles E. 16, 56. 
 Cynthia C. 3, 28, 12. 
 Cynthius C. 1, 21, 2. 
 Cytherea C. 3, 12, 4. 
 Erycina C. 1, 2, 33. 
 £'wA«MS C. 1, 18, 9 ; 2, 11, 17. 
 Genitalis^-' C. S. 16. 
 Lenaeus C. 3, 25, 19. Cf. Lenaeus pater C. I. L. VIII, 4681; 
 
 Lenaea dona, Stat. Silv. 4, 6, 80. 
 Lucina C. S. 15 ; E. 5, 6. 
 superus C. 1, 6, 16. Cf . dis superis, C. 1, 1, 30 ; superis deorum 
 
 gratus et imis, C. 1, 10, 19; di superi, C. 4, 7, 18; Epl. 2, 1, 
 138. 
 
 dies. 
 
 natalis Epl. 2, 2, 210. Cf. qui dies . . . sanctiorque paene natali 
 proprio, C. 4, 11, 18; ille repotia, natalis aliosve dierum 
 festos albatus celebret, S. 2, 2, 60. 
 
 domus. 
 regia C. 1, 37, 25; 2, 18, 6; Epl. 1, 11, 2. 
 
 11 agnini A \ s. 
 
 12 Genetyllis, Bentley. 
 
37 
 
 donatio. 
 
 adorea C. 4, 4, 41. Cf. adorea liba per herbam subiciunt 
 epulis, Verg A. 7, 109. 
 
 draco. 
 
 serpens C. 1, 37, 27; 3, 27, 5; E. 1, 20; 3, 14; S. 1, 3, 27; 1, 8, 34; 
 
 2, 8, 95; A. P. 13. Cf. serpens draco. Suet. Tib. 72, 2. 
 
 epulum. 
 unctum Epl. 1, 17, 12; A. P. 422. 
 
 fdbula. 
 pra£texta A. P. 288. 
 togata A. P. 288. 
 
 facinus. 
 nefastum C. 1, 35, 35. 
 
 fehris. 
 quartana S. 2, 3, 290. 
 
 ferramentum. 
 fabrlle Epl. 2, 1, 116. 
 
 feriae. 
 Latinae Epl. 1, 7, 76. 
 
 festum (tempus). 
 sacrum}^ E. 17, 57. 
 Saturnale S. 2, 3, 5. 
 
 fundus. 
 
 An estate in a given territory is often expressed by the plural 
 of the name of the people living there. In C. 2, 18, 14 and 
 
 3, 4, 22 we find Sabini for Sabini fundi. Cf. Tuscos meos, 
 Plin. Ep. V. 6. 1 ; veteres Marsi tui, id. 2, 15, 1. 
 
 hora. 
 
 nona Epl. 1, 7, 71. 
 
 quarta S. 1, 6, 122; Cf. quarta vix demum exponimur hora, S. 
 
 1, 5, 23. 
 
 IS sacra ^. 
 
38 
 
 quota C. 3, 19, 7. Cf. hora quota est, S. 2, 6, 44. 
 secunda S. 2, 6, 34. 
 
 hospitium. 
 
 deversorium^* Epl. 1, 15, 10. Cf. deversoria taberna, Plaut. 
 True. 697. 
 
 liher {libri). 
 fastus C. 3, 17, 4^5 ; 4, 13, 15 ; 4, 14, 4^6 ^ g, i^ 3^ 112 ; Epl. 2, 1, 48. 
 
 locus {loco), 
 aliena Epl. 1, 19, 22. 
 apertus C. 3, 12, 10. 
 artus A. P. 134. 
 
 Oavus S. 2, 3, 173; 2, 6, 81; 2, 6, 116; Epl. 1, 7, 33. 
 cJt^Zz^a^^ Epl. 1, 12, 13. 
 'imus S. 2, 4, 57; Epl. 1, 18, 35; A. P. 378. 
 inania A. P. 230. 
 nuhila C. 1, 7, 15; 1, 34, 6. 
 pascua C. 3, 16, 36 ; 4, 4, 13 ; E. 1, 28. 
 praescriptus C. 2, 9, 23. 
 
 secreta S. 2, 1, 71. Cf. secreta petit loca, A. P. 298. 
 unus S. 2, 3, 104. 
 vacuus S. 2, 1, 37; 2, 5, 50; Epl. 1, 19, 21. 
 
 lumen. 
 
 funale C. 3, 26, 7. Cf. noctem flammis funalia vincunt, Verg, 
 A. 1, 727. 
 
 maga. 
 Colchis E. 16, 58. 
 
 manus. 
 
 dextera C. 1, 2, 3 ; 3, 19, 21 ; E. 7, 1^« ; S. 2, 1, 54. 
 
 <?e«^m C. 2, 17, 29; 3, 3, 52; 4, 4, 21; E. 7, 10; S. 1, 8, 4; Epl. 
 
 14 diversoria E E *, deversoria A Bland. 
 
 15 fastus E '!>. 
 
 16 fastus ABE*. 
 
 17 See Drager, I, p. 50. 
 
 18 dextris A B C S^ 
 
39 
 
 1,6,51; 1,7,94; 2, 1,205. 
 laeva S. 2, 7, 9 ; Epl. 2, 1, 205i8. 
 
 mare. 
 
 Aegaeum C. 2, 16, 2. Cf. Trans Aegaeum mare, Epl. 1, 11, 16. 
 altum C. 2, 10, 1; 3, 1, 34; S. 2, 2, 31; Epl. 1, 11, 15; 1, 18, 87. 
 'profundum C. 4, 4, 65. Cf. qui profundum Danuvium bibunt, 
 C. 4, 15, 21. 
 
 mensis. 
 
 December E. 11, 5; Epl. 1, 20, 27. 
 
 Sextilis Epl. 1, 7, 2. Cf. Sextili mense, Epl. 1, 11, 19. 
 
 centena S. 1, 3, 15. 
 
 mons. 
 
 Algidus C. 1, 21, 6; 3, 23, 9; 4, 4, 58; C. S. 69. 
 Appenninus E. 16, 29. 
 Aventinvs C. S. 69; Epl. 2, 2, 69. 
 Esquilius S. 1, 8, 14 ; 2, 6, 33. 
 Lycaeus C. 1, 17, 2. 
 
 lethargus S. 2, 3, 145. 
 
 veternus Epl. 1, 8, 10. Cf. veterna atque scabiosa made, Apul. 
 Met. 9, 13. 
 
 navis. 
 
 Lihurna^^ C. 1, 37, 30; E. 1, 1. 
 triremis C. 3, 1, 39 ; Epl. 1, 1, 93. 
 
 oculus. 
 limus S. 2, 5, 53. 
 
 ostium, 
 posticum Epl. 1, 5, 31. 
 
 oms. 
 Udens C. 3, 23, 14. 
 
 19 1 (a) euae a E ; 1(a) eua R $ ex Ps. Porph, p. 386, 1. 
 
 20 r. A. P. A. 42 (1911)), pp. 69 ff. 
 
 21 See A. L. L., IX, p. 285 fE. 
 
40 
 
 partes. 
 
 seeundae S. 1, 9, 46. Cf. partis mimum tractare secundas, Epl. 
 1, 18, 14. 
 
 pater, 
 conscriptus A. P. 314. 
 
 praedium. 
 
 cetarmm S. 2, 5, 44. Cf. ludi cetarii, Tac. Ann. 16, 21 ed. 
 
 Nipperd. 
 pomarium C. 1, 7, 14. Cf. pomarium seminarium, Cato, Agr. 
 
 48,1. 
 violare C. 2, 15, 5. Cf. Fabrett. inscr. p. 724. No. 443. 
 vivarium Epl. 1, 1, 79. 
 
 preces. 
 dirae E. 5, 89. 
 
 pretium. 
 
 inpensum S. 2, 3, 245 ; Epl. 1, 19, 38. 
 
 magnum S. 2, 4, 93 ; 2, 5, 79. Cf. magno . . . pretio, S. 1, 2, 121. 
 
 parvum S. 2, 3, 156; 2, 7, 106. 
 
 quantum S. 2, 3, 156 two exx. 
 
 tantum A. P. 304. 
 
 plus^ pluris is always a noun in the singular, and is wrongly 
 listed as a substantive adjective by Lowther-^ under class B 
 and by Swan^^ under class A. Lowther, no doubt, reasoned 
 that pluris followed the analogy of tanti, quanti, parvi, 
 magni, minoris, minimi, plurimi, maximi, all of which are 
 used substantively to denote indefinite value through the 
 omission of preti (price), or some kindred word. 
 
 res. 
 
 summa C. 1, 4, 15; 4, 7, 17^*; S. 1, 4, 32; 2, 3, 84; 2, 3, 90; 2, 3, 
 124; Epl. 1, 1, 106; A. P. 34; 384. 
 
 sacrificium (sacrum). 
 
 cruentus S. 2, 3, 223. 
 22 op. cit., p. 13. 
 23op. cif.,p. 193. 
 2* vitae 5 tt Bland. 
 
41 
 
 secuns. 
 hipennis C. 4, 4, 57. 
 
 servus {servo). 
 
 fugitivos S. 2, 5, 16; 2, 7, 113; Epl. 1, 10, 10. 
 
 venalis S. 1, 1, 47. 
 
 vema E. 2, 65; S. 1, 2, 117; 2, 6, 66; Epl. 2, 2, 6. 
 
 signum. 
 
 classicum E. 2, 5. 
 
 sol. 
 
 occidens E. 1, 13. 
 
 solum. Cf. «^er. 
 
 ar^ws C. 3, 3, 48; 3, 4, 15; 3, 5, 23; 3, 29, 7; E. 16, 41 and 42; 
 Epl. 1, 7, 77; 1, 14, 27; 1, 16, 2; 2, 2, 167. 
 
 stdbulum. 
 ow?eC. 4,4, 9;E. 16,51. 
 
 sfirps, cf. lignum. 
 
 truncus C. 2, 17, 27 ; 2, 19, 11 ; 3, 4, 55 ; S. 1, 8, 1. Cf . trunco . . . 
 lingo, Val. Flacc. 6, 251. 
 
 terra. 
 
 patHa C. 2, 16, 19; 3, 2, 13; 3, 6, 20; 3, 19, 2; 4, 5, 5; 4, 5, 16; 
 
 4, 9, 52; C. S. 42; S. 1, 10, 27; 2, 2, 105; Epl. 1, 3, 29; 1, 6, 
 
 64^5; A. P. 312. 
 Sabaea C. 1, 29, 3. 
 
 tempus. 
 
 hreve Epl. 1, 3, 9. 
 
 extremum Epl. 1, 1, 9. 
 
 futurum S. 1, 1, 35; 2, 2, 110; A. P. 172; 218. Cf. futuri 
 temporis, C. 3, 29, 29. 
 
 fosterum C. 1, 11, 8. Tempori rather than diei is to be sup- 
 plied with postero in this passage. 
 
 praesens C. 2, 16, 25. Cf. praesens in tempus, A. P. 44. 
 
 25 patriae R *. 
 
praetexta S. 1, 5, 36. 
 
 FaUa Epl. 1, 6, 52. 
 Velina Epl. 1, 6, 52. 
 
 42 
 toga. 
 
 tribus. 
 
 uxor. 
 
 vidua Epl. 1, 1, 78. 
 
 vacca, see bos. 
 iuvenca C. 2, 5, 6; Epl. 1, 3, 36. 
 
 vas 
 
 26 
 
 aenum Epl. 2, 2, 169. 
 Allifanum S. 2, 8, 39. 
 salinum C. 2, 16, 14. 
 vinarium S. 2, 8, 39. 
 
 publicum Epl. 1, 1, 77. 
 
 linteum C. 1, 14, 9 ; 4, 12, 2 ; E. 16, 27. 
 
 velamentum^ cf. vestimentum. 
 
 campestre Epl. 1, 11, 18. 
 Coum S. 1, 2, 101. 
 focale S. 2, 3, 255. 
 
 ventus. 
 
 Africus C. 1, 1, 15; 1, 3, 12; 1, 14, 5; 3, 23, 5; E. 16, 22. 
 Favonius C. 1, 4, 1 ; 3, 7, 2. 
 lapyx C. 3, 27, 20. 
 
 verba. 
 
 multa S. 1, 5, 65; 1, 6, 82; 2, 6, 83; Epl. 1, 7, 62; 1, 9, 7; 2, 1, 30. 
 pauca S. 1, 4, 38; 1, 5, 51; 1, 6, 56; 1, 6, 61; 2, 7, 2. 
 perpauca S. 1, 4, 18. 
 
 26 y. A. p. A., vol. 31 (1900), p. 12 f. 
 
43 
 
 ve7'sus. 
 
 elegus C. 1, 33, 3 ; Epl. 2, 2, 91 ; A. P. 77. Cf. Elegiim metrum 
 
 binis versibus constat, Diomed. 3, p. 502. Putsch. 
 trimetros A. P. 252; 259. 
 
 via. 
 
 Appia E. 4, 14; S. 1, 5, 6. 
 recta S. 1, 5, 71." 
 
 vmum. 
 
 Albanum C. 4, 11, 2; S. 2, 8, 16. 
 
 Caecubum C. 1, 20, 9; 1, 37, 5; 2, 14, 25; 3, 28, 3; E. 9, 1. Cf. 
 
 vina . . . Caecubum, E. 9, 36 ; Caecuba vina, S. 2, 8, 15. 
 Chium S. 1, 10, 24; 2, 3, 115. Cf. Chia vina, E. 9, 34; vina 
 
 . . . Chium, S. 2, 8, 15 ; vino . . . Chium, S. 2, 8, 48. 
 Coum S. 2, 4, 29. 
 Falernum C. 1, 27, 10; 2, 3, 8; 2, 11, 19; S. 1, 10, 24; 2, 2, 15; 
 
 2, 3, 115; 2, 4, 24; 2, 8, 16; Epl. 1, 14, 34. 
 Lesbium C. 1, 17, 21. Cf. et Chia vina aut Lesbia, E. 9, 34. 
 Mareoticum C. 1, 37, 14. 
 Massicum C. 1, 1, 19 ; 2, 7, 21 ; 3, 21, 5. Cf. Massica . . . vina, 
 
 S. 2, 4, 51. I 
 
 merum C. 1, 7, 19 ; 1, 9, 8 ; 1, 13, 10 ; 1, 18, 8 ; 1, 19, 15 ; 1, 36, 13 
 
 2, 7, 6; 2, 12, 5; 2, 14, 26; 3, 13, 2; 3, 17, 14; 3, 21, 12; 3, 29, 2 
 
 4, 1, 31; 4, 5, 33; E. 11, 14; S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 4, 65; Epl. 1, 19, 11 
 
 A. P. 435. 
 mulsum S. 2, 4, 26. 
 mustum^^ S. 2, 4, 19. 
 Sahinum C. 1, 20, 1. 
 Veientanum S. 2, 3, 143. 
 
 Group 3. Positional Substantives. 
 
 The omitted substantives in this group can be determined 
 only by the context. 
 
 27 recte D *. 
 
 28 mixto A D E #. 
 
44 
 
 Examples : 
 
 amator. 
 
 prior C. 2, 8, 18. 
 
 tims C. 1, 25, 7. 
 
 ^^?^ws C. 1, 17, 19; E. 14,15. 
 
 amicus^ arnica. 
 
 meus S. 2, 6, 65; Epl. 1, 11, 9. 
 
 noster S. 2, 6, 48. 
 
 SMWS S. 2, 6, 41. 
 
 ^wws C. 1, 15, 32; Epl. 1, 17, 11. 
 
 animal^ or genus, 
 anus. 
 
 dispar E. 7, 12. 
 omnis E. 5, 3. 
 
 octonos S. 1, 6, 75^^ 
 
 <^w7ce Epl. 2, 2, 9. 
 indoctum Epl. 2, 2, 9. 
 grande C. 1, 6, 9. 
 
 hellans C. S. 51. 
 rectum A. P. 367. 
 
 as. 
 
 carmen. 
 
 hostis. 
 
 iudicium. 
 
 locus, loca. 
 
 communia Epl. 1, 20, 4 
 
 cuncta Epl. 1, 11, 4. 
 
 imum S. 2, 4, 57; A. P. 378. 
 
 miles. 
 
 minax C. 2, 7, 11. 
 
 parens, 
 
 peior Epl. 1, 6, 22. 
 29 octonis #. 
 
45 
 
 dives Epl. 1, 18, 11. 
 
 minimum S. 1, 4, 14. 
 
 en;?«r E. 11, 18. 
 potior E. 15, 13. 
 omnis S. 1, 9, 48. 
 
 mains C. 3, 11, 30. 
 
 Graecus S. 1, 10, 35. 
 
 ve^^ws S. 2, 6, 61. 
 
 nostrum A. P. 63. 
 
 6reve Epl. 1, 20, 8. 
 
 tragicus Epl. 2, 1, 166. 
 
 farvos C. 4, 2, 31. 
 sacer A. P. 391. 
 
 totidem S. 2, 3, 298. 
 
 -patronus. 
 pignus. 
 rivalis. 
 
 scelus. 
 scriptor. 
 
 scriptum. 
 
 spatium. 
 
 spiritus. 
 
 vates. 
 
 verha. 
 
SUMMAEY. 
 
 Class A. 
 
 1. Horace did not use the future participle as a substantive. 
 
 2. He has only one possible instance of the nominative sin- 
 gular masculine present participle as a substantive and even 
 this instance is a doubtful one. See page 19. 
 
 3. Contrary to the statements of the grammarians, he used 
 the nominative singular of adjectives of the masculine and 
 common genders much more frequently than the nominative 
 plural. 
 
 4. Likewise contrary to the grammarians, who state that in 
 combinations like quisquam mortalis, quivis Atheniensis, etc., 
 the pronoun is the substantive element, Horace has several 
 instances where the adjective appears to be the substantive 
 element of the combination. 
 
 5. He has a few examples in which the adjective governs 
 words in other cases and is modified by phrases and adverbs, 
 and yet seems to maintain its substantive character, a use not 
 mentioned in our hand-books of grammar, 
 
 6. The grammarians and writers of special treatises on sub- 
 stantivization nowhere make a separate classification for adjec- 
 tives of common gender. As a matter of fact about 50 per 
 cent, in the singular and about 80 per cent, in the plural of the 
 adjectives that I have classed as masculine seem to be of com- 
 mon gender. 
 
 7. Horace's care in avoiding ambiguity of gender in the 
 oblique cases is shown by the fact that there are only five in- 
 stances where the gender is at all doubtful. 
 
 8. Substantivization is nearly four (4) times as frequent in 
 the Satires and Epistles as in the Odes and Epodes. 
 
 Class B. 
 
 1. The number of instances where the original substantive 
 is still retained with the adjective is quite limited. 
 
 2. Substantivization by this method is frequent in Horace; 
 the number of instances in the Odes and Epodes is about the 
 same as in the Satires and Epistles. 
 
 46 
 
INDEX LOCOKUM. 
 
 Where more than one example is found in a line, I have noted it by 
 
 an 
 
 c. 
 
 
 1, 15 Africum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 1, 19 Massici 
 
 c. 
 
 
 1, 23 multos 
 
 c. 
 
 
 2, 3 dextera 
 
 c. 
 
 
 2, 33 Erycina 
 
 c. 
 
 
 3, 8 dimidium 
 
 c. 
 
 
 3, 12 Africum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 3, 25 omnia 
 
 c. 
 
 
 3, 37 ardui 
 
 c. 
 
 
 3, 37 mortalibus 
 
 c. 
 
 
 4, 1 Favoni 
 
 c. 
 
 
 4, 13 pauperum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 4, 15 summa 
 
 c. 
 
 
 6, 2 alite 
 
 *c. 
 
 
 6, 9 grandia 
 
 c. 
 
 
 6, 16 Superis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 6, 20 solitum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 8 plurimus 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 14 pomaria 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 15 nubila 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 19 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 22 Lyaeo 
 
 c. 
 
 
 7, 30 peiora 
 
 c. 
 
 
 8, 6 aequalis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 9, 8 merum 
 
 *c. 
 
 
 9, 9 cetera 
 
 c. 
 
 
 11, 8 postero 
 
 c. 
 
 
 12, 46 omnis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 13, 10 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 
 14, 5 Africo 
 
 c. 
 
 
 14, 9 lintea 
 
 c. 
 
 
 14, 10 malo 
 
 c. 
 
 
 15, 32 tuae 
 
 c. 
 
 
 16, 25 mitibus 
 
 c. 
 
 
 16, 26 tristia 
 
 c. 
 
 
 17, 2 Lycaeo 
 
 c. 
 
 
 17, 15 plenum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 17, 19 uno 
 
 c. 
 
 
 17, 21 Lesbii 
 
 C. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 3 omnia 
 
 C. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 3 siccis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 8 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 9 Euhius 
 
 c. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 16 arcani 
 
 c. 
 
 
 19, 
 
 15 meri 
 
 c. 
 
 
 20, 
 
 1 Sabinum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 20, 
 
 9 Caecubum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 21, 
 
 2 Cynthium 
 
 c. 
 
 
 21, 
 
 6 Algido 
 
 c. 
 
 
 21, 
 
 10 mares 
 
 c. 
 
 
 22, 
 
 1 integer 
 
 c. 
 
 
 22, 
 
 1 purus 
 
 c. 
 
 
 24, 
 
 8 parem 
 
 c. 
 
 
 24, 
 
 9 bonis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 24, 
 
 10 nulli 
 
 c. 
 
 
 25, 
 
 7 tuo 
 
 c. 
 
 
 27, 
 
 10 Falerni 
 
 c. 
 
 
 27, 
 
 18 miser 
 
 c. 
 
 
 28, 
 
 9 arcanis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 28, 
 
 15 omnis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 28, 
 
 15 veri 
 
 c. 
 
 
 28, 
 
 19 senum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 28, 
 
 31 natis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 29, 
 
 3 Sabaeae 
 
 c. 
 
 
 29, 
 
 6 sponso 
 
 c. 
 
 
 29, 
 
 16 meliora 
 
 c. 
 
 
 31, 
 
 17 paratis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 31, 
 
 19 senectam 
 
 c. 
 
 
 33, 
 
 3 elegos 
 
 *c. 
 
 
 33, 
 
 3 iunior 
 
 c. 
 
 
 33, 
 
 8 capreae 
 
 c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 6 nubila 
 
 c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 7 purum 
 
 c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 12 ima 
 
 *c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 12 summis 
 
 c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 13 insignem 
 
 c. 
 
 
 34, 
 
 14 obscura 
 
 c. 
 
 
 35, 
 
 15 cessantis 
 
 47 
 
48 
 
 C, 1, 35, 35 nefasti 
 
 C. 1, 36, nulli 
 
 C. 1, 36, 13 meri 
 
 C. 1, 36, 17 omnes 
 
 C. 1, 37, 5 Caecubiuu 
 
 C. 1, 37, 14 Mareotico 
 
 C. 1, 37, 25 regiam 
 
 C. 1, 37, 27 serpentes 
 
 C. 1, 37, 30 Liburnis 
 
 C. 2, 1, 23 cuncta 
 
 C. 2, 2, 18 beatorum 
 
 C. 2, 3, 8 Falerni 
 
 C. 2, 3, 19 altum 
 
 C. 2, 3, 25 omnium 
 
 C. 2, 5, 2 conparis 
 
 C. 2, 5, 6 iuvencae 
 
 C. 2, 6, 6 senectae 
 
 C. 2, 6, 18 brumas 
 
 C. 2, 7, 6 mero 
 
 C. 2, 7, 11 minaces 
 
 C. 2, 7, 21 Massico 
 
 C. 2, 8, 18 priores 
 
 C. 2, 8, 21 iuvencis. 
 
 C. 2, 8, 22 senes 
 
 C. 2, 9, 10 vespero 
 
 C. 2, 9, 14 senex 
 
 C. 2, 9, 23 praescriptum 
 
 C. 2, 10, 1 altum 
 
 C. 2, 10, 13 infestis 
 
 C. 2, 10, 13 secundis 
 
 C. 2, 11, 5 pauca 
 
 C. 2, 11, 17 EuMus 
 
 C. 2, 11, 19 Falerni 
 
 C. 2, 12, 5 mero 
 
 C. 2, 13, 6 penetralia 
 
 C. 2, 13, 23 piorum 
 
 C. 2, 13, 28 mala 
 
 C. 2, 13, 29 digna 
 
 C. 2, 14, 3 senectae 
 
 C. 2, 14, 9 omnibus 
 
 C. 2, 14, 25 Caecuba 
 
 C. 2, 14, 26 mero 
 
 C. 2, 15, 5 violaria 
 
 C. 2, 15, 9 laurea 
 
 C, 2, 15, 12 veterum 
 
 C. 2, 15, 14 commune 
 
 C. 2, 15, 15 privatis 
 
 C. 2, 16, 2 Aegaeo 
 C. 2, 16, 13 parvo 
 C. 2, 16, 14 salinum 
 C. 2, 16, 18 multa 
 C. 2, 16, 19 patriae 
 C. 2, 16, 25 praesens 
 C. 2, 16, 26 amara 
 C. 2, 17, 27 truncus 
 C. 2, 17, 29 dextra 
 C. 2, 18, 6 regiam 
 C. 2, 18, 10 dives 
 C. 2, 18, 13 largiora 
 C. 2, 18, 14 Sabinis 
 C. 2, 18, 28 natos 
 C. 2, 18, 33 pauperi. 
 C. 2, 18, 39 pauperem 
 C. 2, 19, 2 posteri 
 C. 2, 19, 11 truncis 
 C. 2, 19, 21 arduom 
 C. 2, 20, 10 alitem 
 C. 2, 20, 16 ales 
 C. 3, 1, 8 cuncta 
 C. 3, 1, 15 imos 
 *C. 3, 1, 15 insignis 
 C. 3, 1, 29 vineae 
 C. 3, 1, 34 altum 
 C. 3, 1, 39 triremi 
 C. 3, 2, 10 sponsus 
 C. 3, 2, 13 patria 
 C. 3, 2, 26 sacrum 
 C. 3, 2, 30 incesto 
 *C. 3, 2, 30 integrum 
 C. 3, 2, 31 scelestum 
 C. 3, 3, 1 propositi 
 C. 3, 3, 2 prava 
 C. 3, 3, 17 gratum 
 C. 3, 3, 41 ferae 
 C. 3, 3, 48 arva 
 C. 3, 3, 52 dextra 
 *C. 3, 3, 52 omne 
 C. 3, 3, 61 alite 
 C. 3, 3, 72 magna 
 C. 3, 4, 13 omnibus 
 C. 3, 4, 15 arvom 
 C. 3, 4, 20 infans 
 C. 3, 4, 22 Sabinos 
 C. 3, 4, 42 almae 
 
49 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 4, 
 
 55 truncis 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 4, 
 
 67 maius 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 4, 
 
 78 ales 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 5, 
 
 23 arva 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 5, 
 
 30 deterioribus 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 5, 
 
 42 natos 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 5, 
 
 51 propinquos 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 1 delicta 
 
 *c. 
 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 1 maiorum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 8 mala 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 20 patriam 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 7, 
 
 2 Favonii 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 7, 
 
 23 vicinus 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 7, 
 
 24 histo 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 8, 
 
 1 kalendis 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 8, 
 
 28 severa 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 10, 
 
 14 amantium 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 10, 
 
 16 suppliclbus 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 11, 
 
 6 divitum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 11, 
 
 30 maius 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 11. 
 
 31 sponsos 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 12, 
 
 1 miserarum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 13, 
 
 2 mala 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 12, 
 
 4 Cythereae 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 12, 
 
 10 apertum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 13, 
 
 2 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 14, 
 
 6 sacris 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 15, 
 
 12 capreae 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 15, 
 
 16 vetulam 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 18 maiorum 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 21 plura 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 22 plura 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 23 divitum 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 36 pascuis 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 38 plura 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 42 multa 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 16, 
 
 43 multa 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 17, 
 
 4 fastos 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 17, 
 
 14 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 19, 
 
 2 patria 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 19, 
 
 7 quota 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 , 19 
 
 21 dexteras 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 24 vicina 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 , 20 
 
 3 paulo 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 , 21 
 
 5 Massicum 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 , 21 
 
 12 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 3 
 
 , 21 
 
 14 sapientium 
 
 C. 
 
 3, 
 
 21, 
 
 16 Lyaeo 
 
 C. 
 
 3, 
 
 21, 
 
 18 pauperi 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 23, 
 
 5 Africum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 23, 
 
 9 Algido 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 23, 
 
 14 bidentium 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 24, 
 
 16 vicarius 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 24, 
 
 30 postg-enitis 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 24, 
 
 46 faventium 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 24, 
 
 49 mali 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 25, 
 
 14 potens 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 25, 
 
 19 Lenaee 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 26, 
 
 7 funalia 
 
 c. 
 
 2, 
 
 27, 
 
 1 inpios 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 5 serpens 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 6 obliquom 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 20 lapyx 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 39 conmissum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 45 iuvencum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 27, 
 
 64 pensum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 28, 
 
 3 Caecubum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 28, 
 
 12 Cynthiae 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29, 
 
 2 merum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29, 
 
 7 arvom 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29, 
 
 13 divitibus 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29, 
 
 14 pauperum 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29, 
 
 31 mortalis 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 29 
 
 33 cetera 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 30, 
 
 10 Aufidus 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 30 
 
 12 humili 
 
 c. 
 
 3, 
 
 30, 
 
 15 meritis 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 1, 
 
 18 aemuli 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 1, 
 
 31 mero 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 1, 
 
 40 dure 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 2, 
 
 9 laurea 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 2, 
 
 21 sponsae 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 2, 
 
 31 parvos 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 2, 
 
 60 cetera 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 3, 
 
 22 praetereuntium 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 1 alitem 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 9 ovilia 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 13 caprea 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 13 pascuis 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 21 dextras 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 23 omnia 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 26 penetralibus 
 
 c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 29 bonis 
 
 *c. 
 
 4, 
 
 4, 
 
 29 fortes 
 
50 
 
 *C. 4, 4, 29 fortibus 
 C. 4, 4, 30 iuvencis 
 C. 4, 4, 32 aquilae 
 C, 4, 4, 36 nata 
 C. 4, 4, 41 adorea 
 C. 4, 4, 54 sacra 
 C. 4, 4, 55 natos 
 C. 4, 4, 57 bipennibus 
 C. 4, 4, 58 Algido 
 C. 4, 4, 65 profundo 
 C. 4, 4, 76 acuta 
 C. 4, 5, 5 patriae 
 C. 4, 5, 16 patria 
 C. 4, 5, 33 mero 
 C. 4, 6, 14 sacra 
 C. 4, 6, 17 captis 
 C. 4, 6, 24 alite 
 C. 4, 7, 7 inmortalia 
 C. 4, 7, 12 bruma 
 C. 4, 7, 17 summae 
 C. 4, 7, 19 cuncta 
 C. 4, 8, 24 meritis 
 C. 4, 9, 2 Aufidum 
 C. 4, 9, 25 fortes 
 C. 4, 9, 38 cuncta 
 C. 4, 9, 41 honestum 
 C. 4, 9, 41 utili 
 C. 4, 9, 42 nocentium 
 C. 4, 9, 45 multa 
 C. 4, 9, 47 beati 
 C. 4, 9, 52 patria 
 C, 4, 11, 2 Albani 
 C. 4, 11, 14 Idus 
 C. 4, 11, 18 natali 
 C. 4, 11, 29 digna 
 C. 4, 11, 31 disparem 
 C. 4, 12, 2 lintea 
 C. 4, 12, 19 amara 
 C. 4, 13, 15 fastis 
 C. 4, 14, 4 fastos 
 C. 4, 14, 25 Aufidus 
 C. 4, 14, 29 barbarorum 
 C. 4, 15, 22 edicta 
 E. 1, 1 Liburnis 
 E. 1, 13 occidentis. 
 E. 1, 18 absentis 
 E. 1, 20 serpentium 
 
 E. 1, 25 iuvencis 
 E. 1, 28 pascuis 
 E. 2, 2 mortalium 
 E. 2, 5 classico 
 E. 2, 11 mugientium 
 E. 2, 65 vernas 
 E. 2, 68 rusticus 
 E. 2, 69 Idibus 
 E. 2, 70 kalendis 
 E. 3, 14 serpente 
 E. 4, 14 Appiam 
 E. 5, 3 omnium 
 E. 5, 6 Lucina 
 E. 5, 12 insignibus 
 E. 5, 52 sacra 
 E. 5, 55 ferae 
 E. 5, 57 omnes 
 E. 5, 66 nuptam 
 E. 5, 84 inpias 
 E. 5, 89 diris 
 E. 5, 100 alites 
 E. 6, 5 Lacon 
 *E. 6, 5 Molossus 
 E. 6, 8 fera 
 E. 6, 11 malos 
 E. 7, 1 dexteris 
 E. 7, 10 dextera 
 E. 7, 12 dispar 
 E. 7, 14 responsmn 
 E. 9, 1 Caecubum 
 E. 9, 11 posteri 
 E. 9, 38 Lyaeo 
 E. 10, 1 alite 
 E. 11, 5 December 
 E. 11, 7 mali 
 E. 11, 9 amantem 
 E. 11, 12 pauperis 
 E. 11, 14 arcana 
 *E. 11, 14 mero 
 E. 11, 18 inparibus 
 E. 12, 10 creta 
 E. 12, 23 aequalis 
 E. 12, 26 capreae 
 E. 13, 7 cetera 
 E. 13, 12 invicte 
 E. 13, 17 malum 
 E. 14, 15 uno 
 
51 
 
 E. 15, 13 potior! 
 E. 15, 14 parem 
 E. 15, 18 malo 
 E. 15, 21 arcana 
 E. 16, 10 feris 
 E. 16, 22 Africus 
 E. 16, 23 melius 
 E. 16, 24 alite 
 E. 16, 27 lintea 
 E. 16, 29 Appenninus 
 E. 16, 41 arva 
 E. 16, 42 arva 
 E. 16, 44 vinea 
 E. 16, 51 ovile 
 E. 16, 53 plura 
 E. 16, 56 caelitum 
 E, 16, 58 Colchis 
 E. 16, 66 piis 
 E. 17, 12 alitibus 
 E. 17, 39 iuvencos 
 E. 17, 47 pauperum 
 E. 17, 57 sacrum 
 E. 17, 67 aliti 
 E. 17, 79 mortuos 
 C. S. 15 Lucina 
 C. S. 16 Genitalis 
 C. S. 18 decreta 
 C. S. 42 patriae 
 C. S. 44 plura 
 C. S. 44 relictis 
 C. S. 51 bellante 
 S. 55 responsa 
 S. 69 Algidum 
 S. 69 Aventinum 
 1, 1, 3 diversa 
 S. 1, 1, 13 cetera 
 S. 1, 1, 17 consultus 
 
 1, 1, 17 rusticus 
 S. 1, 1, 23 iocularia 
 S. 1, 1, 24 verum 
 S. 1, 1, 27 seria 
 S. 1, 1, 31 senes 
 S. 1, 1, 32 cibaria 
 S. 1, 1, 35 futuri 
 S. 1, 1, 36 Aquarius 
 S. 1, 1, 38 quaesitis 
 S. 1, 1, 44 pulchri 
 
 C. 
 C. 
 
 *c. 
 
 s. 
 
 *s 
 
 S. 1, 1, 47 venalis 
 S. 1, 1, 52 tantundem 
 S. 1, 1 54 liquid! 
 S. 1, 1, 56 tantundem 
 S. 1, 1, 57 iusto 
 S. 1, 1, 58 Aufidus 
 S. 1, 1, 79 bonorum 
 S, 1, 1, 83 gnatis 
 S. 1, 1, 83 propinquiS 
 S. 1, 1, 85 noti 
 *S. 1, 1, 85 vicini 
 S. 1, 1, 86 omnia 
 S. 1, 1, 88 cognatos 
 S. 1, 1, 102 pugnantia 
 S. 1, 1, 107 rectimi 
 S. 1, 1, 108 avarus 
 S, 1, 1, 109 diversa 
 S. 1, 1, 111 pauperiorum 
 S. 1, 1, 113 locupletior 
 S. 1, 2, 2 mendici 
 S. 1, 2, 21 gnato 
 S. 1, 2, 24 stulti 
 S. 1, 2, 30 nullam 
 S. 1, 2, 46 omnes 
 S. 1, 2, 48 libertinarum 
 S. 1, 2, 59 malum 
 S. 1, 2, 68 mala 
 S. 1, 2, 73 meliora 
 *S. 1, 2, 73 pugnantia 
 S. 1, 2, 82 togatae 
 S. 1, 2, 84 honesti 
 S. 1, 2, 85 turpia 
 S. 1, 2, 90 optima 
 S. 1, 2, 95 cetera 
 S. 1, 2, 96 interdicta 
 S. 1, 2, 100 plurima 
 S. 1, 2, 101 Cois 
 S. 1, 2, 108 fugientia 
 *S. 1, 2, 108 medio 
 *S. 1, 2, 108 posita 
 S. 1, 2, 113 inane 
 *S. 1, 2, 113 soldo 
 S. 1, 2, 115 omnia 
 S. 1, 2, 117 verna 
 S. 1, 2, 120 paullo 
 S. 1, 3, 11 sacra 
 S. 1, 3, 13 omnia 
 
52 
 
 s, 
 
 
 , 3, 
 
 , 15 
 
 centena 
 
 s, 
 
 
 , 3. 
 
 , 16 
 
 parco 
 
 s. 
 
 
 , 3, 
 
 , 16 
 
 paucis 
 
 s. 
 
 
 , 3. 
 
 , 25 
 
 mala 
 
 s. 
 
 
 , 3, 
 
 , 27 
 
 aquila 
 
 *s. 
 
 
 , 3, 
 
 , 27 
 
 serpens 
 
 s. 
 
 
 • 3, 
 
 43 
 
 gnati 
 
 s. 
 
 
 : 3, 
 
 . 52 
 
 aequo 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 53 
 
 acris 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 59 
 
 malo 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 70 
 
 bona 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 71 
 
 bona 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 75 
 
 peccatis 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 77 
 
 stultis 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 79 
 
 delicta 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 83 
 
 sanos 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 84 
 
 peccatum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 87 kalendae 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 89 
 
 captivos 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 95 
 
 sponsum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 96 
 
 peccata 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 97 
 
 verum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 98 
 
 aequi 
 
 *s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 98 
 
 iusti 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 109 
 
 1 ferarum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 111 
 
 iniusti 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 112 
 
 fastos 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 113 
 
 iniquom 
 
 *s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 113 
 
 iusto 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 114 
 
 bona 
 
 *s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 114 
 
 diversis 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 115 
 
 tantundem 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 117 
 
 sacra 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 118 
 
 peccatis 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 137 
 
 longum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 141 
 
 delicta 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 3 malus 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 10 ; 
 
 magnum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 14 : 
 
 minimo 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 18 ; 
 
 perpauca 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 23 ! 
 
 scripta 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 27 ] 
 
 Quptarum 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 30 ] 
 
 mala 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 32 i 
 
 summa 
 
 s. 
 
 
 4, 
 
 36 ( 
 
 Dmnis 
 
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 151 
 
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 156 
 
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 156 
 
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 s. 
 
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 167 
 
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 169 
 
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 173 
 
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 184 
 
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 199 
 
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 201 
 
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 203 
 
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 203 
 
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 207 
 
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 208 
 
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 217 
 
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 218 
 
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 219 
 
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 223 
 
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 228 
 
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 236 
 
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 237 
 
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 243 
 
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 244 
 
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 245 
 
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 246 
 
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 s. 
 
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 249 
 
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 254 
 
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 s. 
 
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 267 
 
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 281 
 
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 290 
 
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 293 
 
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 s. 
 
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 299 
 
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 304 
 
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65 
 
 S. 2, 3, 305 veris 
 S. 2, 3, 308 longos 
 *S. 2, 3, 308 imo 
 S. 2, 3, 309 summum 
 S. 2, 3, 316 cognatos 
 S. 2, 3, 318 dimidio 
 S. 2, 3, 324 tuis 
 S. 2, 3, 326 insane 
 S. 2, 4, 2 praeceptis 
 S. 2, 4, 4 peccatum 
 S. 2, 4, 8 pacto 
 S. 2, 4, 11 praecepta 
 S. 2, 4, 19 musto 
 S. 2, 4, 24 Falerno 
 S. 2, 4, 26 mulso 
 S. 2, 4, 28 obstantia 
 S. 2, 4, 29 Coo 
 S. 2, 4, 43 capreas 
 *S. 2, 4, 43 vinea 
 S. 2, 4, 52 crassi 
 S. 2, 4, 55 vafer 
 S. 2, 4, 57 aliena 
 *S. 2, 4, 57 ima 
 S. 2, 4, 61 omnia 
 S. 2, 4, 65 mero 
 S. 2, 4, 90 cuncta 
 S. 2, 4, 91 tantundem 
 S. 2, 4, 93 magni 
 S. 2, 4, 95 praecepta 
 S. 2, 5, 1 narrata 
 S. 2, 5, 5 nulli 
 S. 2, 5, 12 sene 
 S. 2, 5, 16 fugitivos 
 S. 2, 5, 19 melioribus 
 S. 2, 5, 21 maiora 
 S. 2, 5, 24 senmn 
 *S, 2, 5, 24 vafer 
 S. 2, 5, 28 gnatis 
 S. 2, 5, 29 meliorem 
 S. 2, 5, 31 gnatus 
 S. 2, 5, 42 stantem 
 S. 2, 5, 44 cetaria 
 S. 2, 5, 47 caelibis 
 S. 2, 5, 50 vacuom 
 S. 2, 5, 53 limis 
 S. 2, 5, 58 obscura 
 S. 2, 5, 65 soldum 
 
 S. 2, 5, 71 senem 
 S. 2, 5, 76 potiori 
 S. 2, 5, 79 magnum 
 S. 2, 5, 82 sene 
 S. 2, 5, 84 sene 
 S. 2, 5, 90 diflBcilem 
 
 *S. 2, 5, 90 garrulus 
 
 *S. 2, 5, 90 morosum 
 S. 2, 6, 3 paulum 
 S. 2, 6, 5 nate 
 S. 2, 6, 14 cetera 
 S. 2, 6, 25 bnima 
 S. 2, 6, 28 tardis 
 S. 2, 6, 29 inprobus 
 
 *S. 2, 6, 29 insane 
 S. 2, 6, 30 omne 
 S. 2, 6, 33 Esquilias 
 S. 2, 6, 34 secundam 
 S. 2, 6, 41 suorum 
 S. 2, 6, 45 cantos 
 S. 2, 6, 48 noster 
 S. 2, 6, 49 omnes 
 S, 2, 6, 51 bone 
 S. 2, 6, 58 mortalem 
 S. 2, 6, 61 veterum 
 S. 2, 6, 65 mei 
 S. 2, 6, 66 vernas 
 S. 2, 6, 69 fortis 
 S. 2, 6, 75 rectum 
 S. 2, 6, 76 boni 
 
 *S. 2, 6, 76 summum 
 S. 2, 6, 77 vicinus 
 S. 2, 6, 81 cavo 
 S. 2, 6, 82 quaesitis 
 S. 2, 6, 83 multa 
 S. 2, 6, 87 singula 
 S. 2, 6, 89 meliora 
 S. 2, 6, 90 urbanuS 
 S. 2, 6, 93 terrestria 
 S. 2, 6, 95 bone 
 *S. 2, 6, 95 magno 
 *S. 2, 6, 95 parvo 
 S. 2, 6, 97 dicta 
 S. 2, 6, 98 agrestem 
 S. 2, 6, 107 agrestem 
 S. 2, 6, 109 omne 
 S. 2, 6, 115 rusticus 
 
56 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 6 
 
 , 116 cavos 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 , 2 pauca 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 , 5 maiores 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 , 7 propositiim 
 
 *S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 7 recta 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 , 8 pravis 
 
 S. 2 
 
 , 7 
 
 9 laeva 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 12 libertinus 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 13 doctus 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 22 pacto 
 
 *S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 22 pessime 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 26 rectum 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 53 insignibus 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 60 peccati 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 78 dictis 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 79 vicarius 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7, 
 
 87 externl 
 
 *S. 2 
 
 7, 
 
 87 leve 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7, 
 
 91 gelida 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 95 insane 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7 
 
 98 rubrica 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 7, 
 
 101 veternm 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 7, 
 
 106 parvo 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 7, 
 
 113 fugitives 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 6 primis 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 13 cenantis 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 14 sacris 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 16 Albanum 
 
 *S. 2 
 
 8 
 
 16 Falernum 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 39 Allifanis 
 
 *S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 39 vinaria 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 40 omnibus 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 57 mains 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 64 omnia 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 76 commoda 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 83 fictis 
 
 S. 2, 
 
 8, 
 
 95 serpentibus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1, 9 extremum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1, 10 ludicra 
 
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 1, 18 praecepta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1, 25 locupletibus 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 1, 25 pauperibus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1, 26 senibus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1, 38 iners 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 1, 38 invidus 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 1, 38 iracundus 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 vinosus 
 
 *EpL 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 malo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 meliori 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 Olympia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 dictata 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 senes 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 facientibus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 publica 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 viduas 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 senes 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 vivaria 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 multis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 dives 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 pauper 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 locuples 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 triremis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 100 quadrata 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 
 100 rotundis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 
 106 summam 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 21 
 
 aspera 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 28 
 
 sponsi 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 29 
 
 aequo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 40 
 
 dimidium 
 
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 2, 
 
 40 
 
 facti 
 
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 2, 
 
 42 
 
 rusticus 
 
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 52 
 
 lippum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 56 
 
 avarus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 57 
 
 invidus 
 
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 2, 
 
 68 
 
 melioribus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 2, 
 
 71 
 
 tardum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 9 brevi 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 17 
 
 scripta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 29 
 
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 Epl. 
 
 
 3, 
 
 36 
 
 iuvenca 
 
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 4, 
 
 5 bono 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 5, 
 
 14 
 
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 Epl. 
 
 
 5, 
 
 16 
 
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 Epl. 
 
 
 5, 
 
 17 
 
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 5, 
 
 25 
 
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 5, 
 
 25 
 
 par 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 5, 
 
 26 
 
 pari 
 
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 5, 
 
 31 
 
 postico 
 
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 6, 
 
 7 ludicra 
 
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 6, 
 
 9 adversa 
 
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 6, 
 
 10 
 
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 Epl. 
 
 
 6, 
 
 15 
 
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 *Epl. 
 
 
 6, 
 
 15 
 
 iniqui 
 
57 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 insani 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 indignum 
 
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 6 
 
 22 
 
 peioribus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 apricum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 nitentia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 nurtimatum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 43 
 
 paulo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 multa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 51 
 
 dextram 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 Fabia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 Velina 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 6 
 
 64 
 
 patria 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 I 
 
 3extilem 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
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 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
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 *Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 stultus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 ingratos 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 22 
 
 dignis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 ■'■ 
 
 7 
 
 24 
 
 merentis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 33 
 
 cavom 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 34 
 
 cuncta 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 altiliiim. 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 donata 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 44 
 
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 7 
 
 44 
 
 parvom 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 iussa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 62 
 
 multa 
 
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 7 
 
 63 
 
 inprobus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 71 
 
 nonam 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 77 
 
 arvom 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 83 
 
 nitido 
 
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 , 7 
 
 , 83 
 
 rusticus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 94 
 
 dextram 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 96 
 
 dimissa 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 96 
 
 petitis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 7 
 
 97 
 
 relicta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 multa 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 ] 
 
 julchra 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 veterno 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 pacto 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 praeceptum^ 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 9 
 
 4 honesta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 9 
 
 7 1 
 
 multa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 9 
 
 8 ] 
 
 mea 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 Iussa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 1 
 
 0, 3 
 
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 *Epl. 
 
 
 1 
 
 D, 3 
 
 gemelli 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 fugitives 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 , 10 
 
 29 falsum 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 10 
 
 29 vero 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 10 
 
 32 magna 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 10 
 
 41 parvo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 , 10 
 
 45 plura 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 , 10 
 
 , 50 cetera 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 , 11 
 
 , 2 regia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 4 cuncta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 9 meorum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 15 alto 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 17 incolumi 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 18 campestre 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 19 brumam 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 11 
 
 23 dulcia 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 12 
 
 7 medio 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 cuncta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 12 
 
 13 culta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 12 
 
 15 sublimia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 12 
 
 24 bonis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 13 
 
 11 propositi 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 13 
 
 13 rusticus 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 13 
 
 19 mandata 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 14 
 
 1 vilice 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 vilicus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 14 
 
 27 arva 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 14 
 
 34 Falerni 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 14 
 
 37 commoda 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 14 
 
 39 vicini 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 diaria 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 15 
 
 7 aegris 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 15 
 
 10 deversoria 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 15 
 
 33 timidis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 , 15 
 
 35 agninae 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 15 
 
 38 omne 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 15 
 
 39 vilia 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 15 
 
 42 bona 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 15 
 
 44 parvola 
 
 *Epl, 
 
 
 15 
 
 44 tuta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 16 
 
 2 arvo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 16 
 
 20 bono 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 16 
 
 24 stultorum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 16 
 
 28 ambiguo 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 16, 
 
 34 indigno 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 16 
 
 41 consulta 
 
 Epl, 
 
 
 16 
 
 52 boni 
 
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 -'■J 
 
 16 
 
 54 profanis 
 
58 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 , 16, 
 
 54 
 
 sacra 
 
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 , 16, 
 
 56 
 
 pacto 
 
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 16, 
 
 63 
 
 peccatis 
 
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 16, 
 
 63 
 
 avarus 
 
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 16, 
 
 69 
 
 captivom 
 
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 16, 
 
 75 
 
 bona 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 16, 
 
 75 
 
 indignum 
 
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 17, 
 
 2 
 
 maioribus 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 17, 
 
 2 ] 
 
 pacto 
 
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 17, 
 
 4 
 
 caecus 
 
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 17, 
 
 9 ( 
 
 iivitibus 
 
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 17, 
 
 11 
 
 tuis 
 
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 -*- 
 
 17, 
 
 12 
 
 unctum 
 
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 17, 
 
 16 
 
 facta 
 
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 17, 
 
 21 
 
 villa 
 
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 17, 
 
 22 
 
 dante 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 17, 
 
 22 
 
 nullius 
 
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 17, 
 
 24 
 
 maiora 
 
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 17, 
 
 24 
 
 praesentibu 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 17, 
 
 32 
 
 ineptus 
 
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 17, 
 
 34 
 
 caelestia 
 
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 17, 
 
 44 
 
 poscente 
 
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 17, 
 
 51 
 
 minus 
 
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 17, 
 
 53 
 
 salebras 
 
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 17, 
 
 54 
 
 viatica 
 
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 17, 
 
 61 
 
 claudum 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 17, 
 
 61 
 
 crudeles 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 17, 
 
 62 
 
 peregrinum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 2 scurrantis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 10 
 
 aequo 
 
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 18, 
 
 11 
 
 divitis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 13 
 
 dictata 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 28 
 
 vera 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 35 
 
 imum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 37 
 
 arcanum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 38 
 
 conmissum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 63 
 
 adversarius 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 69 
 
 garrulus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 70 
 
 conmissa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 77 
 
 peccata 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 78 
 
 dignum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 80 
 
 notum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 83 
 
 paulo 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 86 
 
 inexpertis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 87 
 
 alto 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 87 
 
 expertus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 
 
 89 
 
 hilarem 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 89 
 
 iocosi 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 89 
 
 tristem 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 89 
 
 tristes 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 90 
 
 agilem 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 90 
 
 celeres 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 90 
 
 navom 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 90 
 
 remissi 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 90 
 
 sedatum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 91 
 
 Falemi 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 94 
 
 modestus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 95 
 
 acerbi 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 95 
 
 obscuri 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 95 
 
 taciturnus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 96 
 
 cuncta 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 18, 96 
 
 doctos 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 18, 107 minus 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 9 
 
 severis 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 19, 9 
 
 siccis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 11 
 
 mero 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 21 
 
 vacuom 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 31 
 
 sponsae 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 33 
 
 inmemorata 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 38 
 
 inpensis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 42 
 
 scripta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 19, 46 
 
 luctantis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 20, 4 < 
 
 :;ommunia 
 
 *Epl. 
 
 
 20, 4 ] 
 
 paucis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 20, 8 1 
 
 breve 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 20, 23 
 
 primis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 
 20, 27 
 
 Decembris 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 3 commoda 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 6 facta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 10 ] 
 
 meritis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 11 ] 
 
 jortenta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 18 uno 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 20 cetera 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 23 veterum 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 29 scripta 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 30 multa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 31 duri 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 32 summtun 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 45 permisso 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 48 fastos 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 51 critici 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 52 promissa 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 56 senis 
 
 Epl. 
 
 2, 
 
 1, 66 plera 
 
69 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 67 ] 
 
 multa 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 65 cetera 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 78 , 
 
 mtiquis 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 67 scripta 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 84 ] 
 
 oainoribus 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 69 Aventino 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 89 
 
 nostra 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 71 meditantibus 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 106 
 
 maiores 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 87 consult! 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 
 106 
 
 minori 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 91 elegos 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 114 
 
 aegro 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 99 puncto 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 116 
 
 fabrilia 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 102 multa 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 125 
 
 magna 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 114 penetralia 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 128 
 
 praeceptis 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 124 ludentis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 130 
 
 facta 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 127 mala 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 131 
 
 aegnim 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 132 vicinus 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 
 131 
 
 inopem 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 136 cognatorum 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 139 
 
 parvo 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 147 plura 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 141 
 
 dura 
 
 Epl, 2, 2, 148 nulli 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 151 
 
 intactis 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 148 plura 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 166 
 
 tragicuin 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 159 consultis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 168 
 
 medio 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 160 vilicus 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 169 
 
 minimum 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 167 arvi 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 170 
 
 minus 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 169 aenum 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 171 
 
 pacto 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 172 puncto 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 183 
 
 plures 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 175 nulli 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 205 
 
 dextera 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 179 grandia 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 
 205 
 
 laevae 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 179 parvis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 219 
 
 mala 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 192 datis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 237 
 
 facta 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 192 plura 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 239 
 
 edicto 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 193 hilaris 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 246 
 
 dantis 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 193 simplex 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 
 265 
 
 peius 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 194 avaro 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 6 verna 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 194 parens 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 9 dulce 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 195 tua 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 9 indoctnm 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 196 plura 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 10 
 
 aequo 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 197 festis 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 10 
 
 promissa 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 204 extremis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 26 
 
 viatica 
 
 *Epl. 2, 2, 204 primorum 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 32 
 
 factum 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 209 portenta 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 36 
 
 timido 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 210 natalis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 37 
 
 bone 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 211 senecta 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 38 
 
 meritorum 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 213 peritis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 39 
 
 catus 
 
 Epl. 2, 2, 215 aequo 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 39 
 
 rusticus 
 
 A. P. 7 aegri 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 44 
 
 curvo 
 
 A. P. 12 inmitia 
 
 *Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 44 
 
 rectum 
 
 *A. P. 12 placidis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 45 
 
 verum 
 
 A. P. 13 serpentes 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 55 
 
 singula 
 
 A. P. 14 inceptis 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 58 
 
 omnes 
 
 *A. P. 14 magna 
 
 Epl. 2, 
 
 2, 
 
 62 
 
 diversa 
 
 A. P. 25 recti 
 
60 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 26 ] 
 
 levia 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 218 
 
 futuri 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 27 1 
 
 o-randia 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 224 
 
 sacris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 34 i 
 
 jiiTTima 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 226 
 
 seria 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 44 ] 
 
 pleraque 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 230 
 
 inania 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 49 i 
 
 abdita 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 240 
 
 noto 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 63 : 
 
 nostra 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 243 
 
 medio 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 68 : 
 
 facta 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 243 
 
 tantum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 77 i 
 
 slegos 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 247 
 
 dicta 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 78 i 
 
 orammatici 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 252 
 
 trimetris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 98 i 
 
 spectantis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 259 
 
 trimetris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 101 
 
 flentibus 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 265 
 
 onmis 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 101 
 
 ridentibus 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 266 
 
 peccata 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 104 
 
 mandata 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 273 
 
 dicto 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 112 
 
 dicentis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 287 
 
 facta 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 112 
 
 dicta 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 288 
 
 praetextas 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 115 
 
 senex 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 288 
 
 togatas 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 119 
 
 convenientia 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 304 
 
 tanti 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 126 
 
 imum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 312 
 
 patriae 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 127 
 
 incepto 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 314 
 
 conscripti 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 128 
 
 communia 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 316 
 
 convenientia 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 130 
 
 ignota 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 324 
 
 nullius 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 130 
 
 indicta 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 334 
 
 idonea 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 134 
 
 artiiTTi 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 334 
 
 iucunda 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 151 
 
 falsa 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 335 
 
 dicta 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 151 
 
 veris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 337 
 
 omne 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 157 
 
 mobilibus 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 338 
 
 ficta 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 159 
 
 paribus 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 338 
 
 veris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 164 
 
 utilium 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 341 
 
 seniorum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 165 
 
 amata 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 343 
 
 dulci 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 169 
 
 inconimoda 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 343 
 
 punctum 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 169 
 
 senem 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 343 
 
 utile 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 170 
 
 inventis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 347 
 
 delicta 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 172 
 
 futuri 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 351 
 
 plura 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 174 
 
 minorum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 367 
 
 dictum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 175 
 
 commoda 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 367 
 
 rectum 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 183 
 
 multa 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 368 
 
 medium 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 195 
 
 proposito 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 368 
 
 tolerabile 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 196 
 
 bonis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 369 
 
 consultus 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 197 
 
 iratos 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 378 
 
 imum 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 197 
 
 timentis 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 378 
 
 summo 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 200 
 
 conmissa 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 384 
 
 summam 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 201 
 
 miseris 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 391 
 
 sacer 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 201 
 
 superbis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 397 
 
 privatis 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 213 
 
 honesto 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 397 
 
 profanis 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 213 
 
 rusticus 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 397 
 
 publica 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 213 
 
 turpis 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 397 
 
 sacra 
 
 *A. 
 
 P. 
 
 213 
 
 urbano 
 
 A. 
 
 P. 
 
 413 
 
 multa 
 
A. P. 414 Pythia 
 A. P. 417 extremum 
 A. P. 422 unctum 
 A. P. 423 paupere 
 A. P. 432 plura 
 
 61 
 
 A. P. 435 raero 
 A. P. 442 delictum 
 A. P. 452 mala 
 A. P. 474 doctum 
 *A. P. 474 indoctum 
 
^ 
 

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