It 
 
'•'^m^-k^) 
 
 Sfd^T^ 'i5?NA<^ 
 
Vi 
 
Royal 
 Photograph GaHery 
 
 Placing on . . . 
 Home Exhibition 
 
 i. 
 
 e PHOTOGRAPHS^ 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Majestic and Imposing in Nature ; the Beautiful and Inspiring in Art ; the Grandly Scenic, 
 
 EventfuIIy Historic and Strikingly Descriptive; Including Impressive Scenes, 
 
 Heroic Events and Famous Achievements which Mark Human 
 
 Progress and Distinguish the Nations of Earth 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED 
 
 "l^ortraits of th6 World's Most Tamous People 
 
 INTRODUCED BY 
 
 JOHN CLARK RIDPATH, LL. D. 
 
 America's Famous and Foremost Historian 
 
 PEOPLES PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
Entered accordinK to Act of Congress, in the year 1899 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 All Rights Reserved 
 
 lOAN STACK 
 
 GIPT 
 
 Th« lllHStrailons In thl« art work arc Irom 
 orlKlnal photagrapha, and are (ully protccled by 
 copyrlKht. Their reproduction In any furm l> un- 
 lawlul, and notice It hereby given that person* 
 guilty of Infringing the copyright thereof will bf 
 prosecuted t« the full e>tcnt of the law. 
 
Rg8 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 The title of Royal Photograph 
 Gallery sufficiently indi- 
 cates"'the scope and character 
 of -1:h^|)resent work. . The pub- 
 lisTiers in preparing the volume 
 have~galhered their materials from 
 almost. every ^orm of art and from every 
 quarter of the xyqrld» The gallery is made 
 up of elegant photographic reproductions 
 representing the marvels 
 of the natural world and 
 the principal products of 
 the genius and hand of 
 man. The style in which 
 the pictures are presented 
 is in all particulars such > 
 as to commend the volume to! 
 the public. The appearance of 
 such a work, appealing as it does 
 to the eye and, through the 
 eye, to the understanding, 
 suggests by way of intro- 
 duction a few reflections 
 on the importance of the 
 sense of sight in instructing 
 the mtellect and delighting fancy. 
 With the old Greeks ^o see was to know. The same word which expressed 
 the act of vision denoted also the perception of the mind. Nor may it be 
 doubted that of all the avenues between the inner soul of man and the outef 
 world of visible and tangible things, the sense of sight is the brightest and most 
 delightful. Vision is the sense alike of information and ideality— the open way 
 of knowledge and of dreams. 
 
It may surprise the reader to reflect how 
 much of the learning and wisdom of mankind 
 has been gathered through the sense of sight 
 True it is that every child of man learns to 
 speak by the ear ; but no sooner is oral utter- 
 ance attained than the actual beginnings of 
 wisdom are found and followed by the eye. 
 Henceforth through all the devious ways and 
 hard tasks of learning it is the eye that leads 
 and informs the mind. The crooked marks of 
 the alphabet, the curious forms of words, the 
 combination of words into a vehicle of thoughts 
 and ideas, the construction of that written and 
 printed page out of which the accumulated 
 'ntelligence of the world flashes into the mind of the learner— all this must be 
 gained and mastered by the eye. 
 
 The eye makes us acquainted with nature and with man. It brings to us a 
 knowledge of the illimitable past and spreads before us a picture of the mar- 
 velous present. It reveals to us the landscapes of all continents and reaches off 
 to the islands of the seas. It leads us through the streets of olden cities; 
 carries us easily to the summits of inaccessible mountains ; sets us free with 
 the strong-winged eagles that circle the tops of the redwoods of Mariposa, and 
 bears us at a glance to the planets and stars. All the other senses with which 
 we are endowed are limited to the narrow circumference of our own being or 
 the few poor roods of street or field where we live. Taste is in the tongue : 
 touch reaches no further than the fmger-tips ; the heaviest gun or loudest roar 
 of volcano can only catch the ear at the distance of a few miles. All the rest is 
 silence I But the sight of the eye is as infinite as the star-sprinkled dome of 
 space. The remotest world of creation hardly escapes the discovery and visita- 
 tion of the mind issuing forth through the narrow pupil of the eye. 
 
 The modern age more than the ancient has availed itself of seeing. The 
 spirit of seeing has entered into literature. The writers of the former centuries 
 were localized and sequestered. Those of the present age are ubiquitous. It 
 may well surprise us to reflect upon the isolation of mankind which prevailed 
 over all the world until the dawn of the present era. Men lived apart and saw 
 nothing — knew nothing beyond their local environment. They heard nothing 
 save that which came by vague report. They were able to verify nothing 
 because of the constraint and thrall by which they were held to a given spot. 
 The ideas which they entertained of things distant were inadequate and often 
 
I 
 
 grotesque. No man could report from personal observation the character of 
 the peoples in foreign lands or the aspects of the civilization which they had 
 created. The few emissaries and travelers who ventured across the great land- 
 scapes of the world were like the stray meteors of the June sky : they were 
 seen rather than seeing, and were more astonishing than astonished amid the 
 scenes of their visitation. 
 
 To all this an age of travel has succeeded. Seeing has taken the place of 
 vague tradition. The beneficent reign of science has brought in the means of 
 going abroad over all the earth. The globe has become a landscape for human 
 eyes. The continents are traced in every part with the easy lines of intercourse, 
 and the seas have become thoroughfares. There is hardly any longer an isolated 
 town or an unvisited square league of territory in our terrestrial abode. The 
 result has been the rectification of knowledge. History has been written anew 
 and fitted in time and place to the surface of the globe. Ships are no longer 
 wrecked on the coast of Bohemia, as they were in the time of Shakespeare, and 
 Nineveh is no longer on the banks of the Euphrates, as it was in Lord Byron's 
 day. 
 
 We might well dwell upon the new history which has sprung from the 
 investigations and witness of the eye. Behold Wilkinson and Ebers in Egypt ; 
 Rawlinson and Smith among the ruins of the Mesopotamian cities ; Mommsen 
 exploring the relics of Rome ; Schliemann digging up the foundations of heroic 
 Troy I Out of such work a new and true concept of the life and activity of 
 man on the earth has been derived, and as the results are published to 
 the world, the old myths and traditions of the human race fall back and 
 are lost in the shadows. 
 
 The leading adjunct of modern historical and scientific research is 
 Photography. This is the form in which the results of the new method 
 of inquiry are first recorded. Strange it is that the picture 
 should have come back and insinuated itself in the 
 place of the word. It might also be said that the age 
 of pictures is to succeed the age of words. It is 
 as though the hieroglyphics of antiquity should 
 have returned to contest with language 
 and printing the empire of the worldl 
 Nor should we, in this connection, fail 
 to remember that while most of the 
 written and nearly all of the spoken 
 languages of ancient times have per- 
 ished from the knowledge of mankind, 
 
•2he old picture-writings of Egypt still stand out clear and bright as in the 
 morning of their creation. 
 
 The camera has become one of the implements of the intellectual life 
 throughout the world. The current civilization seems to be striving to per- 
 petuate itself in authentic outlines by the device of light and shade. The real 
 importance of this method of preserving the current aspects of man-life in the 
 world can hardly be over-estimated. A few photographs preserved from 
 antiquity might change our concept of whole chapters in ancient history. What 
 'Would the modern world give for a good photograph or photographic reproduc- 
 tion of the walls and hanging gardens of Babylon ? What would be the value 
 of a true negative of the Colossus of Rhodes, of the gold and ivory statue of 
 •Jupiter, of the temple of Diana of the Ephesians? How much would the 
 British Museum pay for a photograph of the dedication of the temple of 
 Solomon, of a gladiatorial combat in the arena, of the Roman Senate listening to 
 the reading of despatches from C^sar in Gaul ? Would not the poorest ambro- 
 type of Socrates or the Christ outrank all the glories of Michael Angelo's frescoes 
 or the divinest faces of Raphael ? 
 
 This great lack in pictorial reproduction, which modern scholarship so much 
 deplores in attempting to form a true estimate of the life of antiquity, the pres- 
 ent age is attempting to supply for itself and the future. The future may know, 
 if it will, the likeness of man and the aspects of civilization in the Nineteenth 
 Century. The camera turns its wakeful eye in this direction and in that. It 
 glances everywhere ; it looks at rivers and ruins, at mills and merchant ships, 
 at trophies and temples, at palaces and mausoleums, at city squares and com- 
 mercial marts, at light-houses and gymnasia, at royal gardens and the graves of 
 peasants, at the faces of men and the discs of the eternal stars 1 Nor need we 
 fear that the recorded results of these reproductions of human life and 
 of the natural world will fade and perish. A well-made photograph 
 may last as long as the Turin Papyrus, and that has endured since the 
 age of the Pharaohs 
 
 Photography may be defmed as the art of making all 
 
 men travelers. Civilization, though she has brought the 
 
 opportunity, has not yet brought to all the ability 
 
 to go abroad and visit the world. The close of 
 
 our century still finds the great majority con- 
 
 '•>,^ fmed to narrow limits of neighborhood or 
 
 state — shut off from the inspiring 
 
 •sight of the great things of earth. 
 
 The situation has suggested the 
 
illustrated lecture, the use of the stereopticon as a means of displaying the cities 
 and scenery, the arts and the enterprises of mankind. It has also suggested 
 what is better and more enduring, namely, the reproduction in artistic form of 
 photographic originals of the most wonderful features of the natural worl'd and 
 the most interesting products of the human genius. It has thus happeneo, 'hat 
 photography, from being a mere process of portrait making, has become one ot 
 the principal means of recording the best of all things knowable and of diffusing 
 a knowledge of the same to the people. 
 
 The advantages of pictorial representation as a m.eans of informing and 
 verifying can hardly be exaggerated. Wherever travel is impracticable— wti^r' 
 ever the mountains and seas divide the eager mind from the objects of its long- 
 ing and search — there the lens, with its quick flash of light and swiftly-caught 
 image of nature or work of m^an, has come in to supply the deficiency and to 
 transmit to humble homes in distant lands the picture and vision of the reality. 
 It is needless tc dwell upon the vivid and lasting impressions made on the 
 mind by pictorial representations. After the seeing of the eye these are best. 
 By them the memory is traced with indelible images, and the imagination is 
 lifted and borne away across continents and oceans'' With "the picture before 
 us time and space are suddenly obliterated. In a moment we-ar-eini^ndon,. in 
 Paris, in Cairo, in Bombay, m Melbourne. We are with Shakespeare's dust, in 
 the haunts of Burns, looking down from St. Peter's on outspread Rome, walking 
 among the ruins of the Acropolis, tracing the pathways where the Son of Mary 
 journeyed and taught. We are with the great actors — with Csesar and Qharle- 
 magne, with Napoleon and Washington; We are with the immortal artfsts, from 
 Praxiteles and Phidias to Meissonier and Bartholdi. _ '■ 
 
 The publishers of the Royal Photograph Gallery have, as we 'have 
 said, gathered the materials for their work out of almost every country of the 
 world. Their aim has been to select and preserve the- best. They have sought 
 with artistic success to reproduce in this volume the most striking aspects of ! 
 the natural world and the highest and most beautiful works of man. The col-j 
 lection in its .entirety is a delight to4heeye and an inspiration to the mind.i 
 The possessor of this elegant; volume will fmd in it history, poetry and art. He 
 will himself become a traveler; he will see reproduced in this paiHorama of 
 
 I views the principal wonders of the natural world and will dwell, for the! 
 
 I hour, amid the chief monuments and trophies of the human race. i 
 
 — New York, June, 189^. 
 
 y,a^Lx.^£<i>^ 
 
AN OLD ENGLISH PUBLIC hOUSE. 
 
 W ASHINOTON'S HEADQUARTERS AT VALLEY POROE. 
 
 The old thntche<l public-lioiisc of the \\\i\k:t illiistmtioii is typicnl of a clnss of Imildings of which many survive 
 hi llu' iiiiil<lk- mill south of I{iik1i>ii<I. In some purely iiKriculturnl districts they arc still numerous. Their ncst-Iike, 
 coinfortable iis]K'rt are most iiivitiiiK, and their unpretending architecture and \xnlant settiti);, this sprinkletl with 
 odorous (lowers and the home of s<>nn-l>irds in variety, are artistic anil lieautiful in the hi>{hest dejfree.— The old stone 
 mansion at Valley l"or>{e used by Washinj^ton anil his staff, is ke|>t in >f«o«l repnir ami invites jMlriutic inspection. 
 
CITY OF Rro DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. 
 
 C4li 
 
 
 UNITED STATES CRUISER " SAN FRANCISCO." 
 
 The capital of Brazil has one of the finest harbors in the world, pear-shaped, its neck oceanward and a mile in 
 width. Within, the placid waters are dotted with peaks, islands and fortresses, the city a huge aniphitheatre with 
 noble mountains in the background. Rio Janeiro has a lively and sprightly population, and is provided with the 
 accessories of advanced civilization ; but the visitor is struck with the sickly and undersized appearance of the male 
 white population. Rio Janeiro women appear to spend a good part of their time staring out upon the street. — The 
 "San Francisco" is a first-rate, unannored vessel of the United States Navy, of the type protected cruiser. She has a 
 steel hull, is propelled by twin screws, has three masts, twelve guns in her main battery, and a displacement of 4083 
 tons. The "San Francisco" represents the new navy, created within a few years, and giving particular 
 distinction to the administrations of Secretaries Whitney and Tracy, representing respectively the Democratic and 
 Republican parties. 
 
a -3 u 
 
i§i of ]^I\oio€jpa|>I\$. 
 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 PAQB 
 
 Supreme Court of the United States 17 
 
 Justice Harlan, Justice S. J. Field, 
 
 Justice Shiras, Justice Brewer, 
 
 Chief Justice Fuller, Justice Brown, 
 
 Justice Blatchford, Justice Gray, 
 
 Justice Jackson. 
 
 Mrs. Qrover Cleveland iS 
 
 Qrover Cleveland 19 
 
 President Cleveland and his Cabinet 20 
 
 Secretary Herbert, . Secretary Lament, 
 
 Secretary Gresham, Secretary Carlisle, 
 
 President Cleveland, Secretary Morton, 
 
 Secretary Hoke Smith, Attorney-General Olney, 
 
 Postmaster-General BisseU. 
 
 Vice-President and Senators 21 
 
 C. F. Manderson, H. M. Teller, W. T. Frye, 
 
 G. G. Vest, M. S. Quay, E. C. Walthall, 
 
 A. H. Colquitt, G. F. Hoar, J. T. Morgan, 
 
 A. E- Stevenson, C.S.Blackburn, Wm. Lindsay, 
 
 O. H. Piatt, Z. B. Vance, H. L. Dawes, 
 
 W. B. Allison, Don Cameron, S. M. CuUom, 
 Geo. L. Shroup, David B. Hill. 
 
 5peaker and Members of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, U. S 22 
 
 Thos. McRae, John S. Henderson, 
 
 John H. Gear, Chas. Tracy, 
 
 C. F. Crisp, W. J. Bryan, 
 
 W. H. Grain, L H. Goodnight, 
 
 H. H. Bingham, David B. Henderson, 
 
 David B. Culberson, Chas. A. Boutelle, 
 
 James J. Belden, . W. C. P. Breckenridge, 
 
 Wm. J. Stone, Julius C. Burrows, 
 
 A. J. Hopkins, W. Bourke Cochran, 
 
 . Gen. Daniel Sickles, W. S. Wilson. 
 
 Presidents of the United States ......... 23 
 
 John Tyler, Millard Filmore, 
 
 John Quincy Adams, William H Harrison, 
 
 James Madison, James K. Polk, 
 
 Martin Van Buren, Zachary Taylor, 
 
 James Monroe, Abraham Lincoln, 
 
 George Washington, Grover Cleveland, 
 
 Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, 
 
 Rutherford B. Hayes, Chester A. Arthur, 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant, James A. Garfield, 
 
 Benjamin Harrison, James Buchanan, 
 
 Andrew Johnson; Franklin Pierce, 
 John Adams. 
 
 Twenty-eight Governors 
 
 Russell Brown, 
 
 Foster, 
 
 Stone, 
 
 J. W. McGraw, 
 
 G. T. Werts, 
 
 Luzon B Morris, 
 
 J. P. Altgeld, 
 
 Crounce, 
 
 Rich, 
 
 Fichback, 
 
 Boies, 
 
 Russell, 
 
 Knute Nelson, 
 
 Pattison, 
 
 Frank Brown, 
 
 Thos. G. Jones, 
 
 Peter Turney, 
 
 Hogg, 
 
 J. M. Stone. 
 
 McCorkle, 
 Rickards, 
 Chas. Sheldon, 
 L. D. Lewelling^ 
 B. R. Tillman, 
 Levi Fuller, 
 W. J. Northea, 
 S. Pennoyer, 
 Geo. W. Peck, 
 
 Harrison and his Cabinet . 
 
 Secretary Tracy, 
 Secretary Noble, 
 Post.-Gen. Wanamaker, 
 Secretary Elkins, 
 
 Prominent Republicans . 
 
 J. Sloat Fassett, 
 
 Wolcott, 
 
 Senator Stanford, 
 
 Reed, 
 
 Senator Hawley, 
 
 Morton, 
 
 Chandler, 
 
 McKinley, 
 
 Senator McMillan, 
 
 Lodge, 
 
 Secretary Rusk, 
 Attorney-General Miliar 
 Secretary Foster, 
 President Harrison, 
 
 Powell Clayton, 
 Warner Miller, 
 W. W. Phelps, 
 Hiscock, 
 F'red. Douglass, 
 Senator Aldricli, 
 Depew, 
 Lincoln, 
 Cannon, 
 Whitelaw Reid. 
 
 Prominent Democrats af 
 
 Vilas, 
 
 Senator Gorman, 
 
 William C. DeWitt, 
 
 S. Brice, 
 
 Bayard, 
 
 Wm. F. Harrity, 
 
 Boies, 
 
 Don Dickenson, 
 
 Williams. 
 
 General Slocum, 
 
 W. F. Sheehan, 
 
 Isaac P. Gray, 
 
 R. Croker, 
 
 Hugh McLaughlin, 
 
 Ex-Mayor Grace, 
 Governor Flower, 
 Edward Murphy, 
 Maj. Charles H. Jonei^ 
 R.oger Q. Mills, 
 Gov. jas. E. CampbeH, 
 John G. Carlisle, 
 Hensel, 
 
 W. C. Whitney, 
 Vorhees, 
 Springer, 
 L. C. Fairchild, 
 Fellows, 
 Henry Watterson. 
 
 Generals of Army Since the War a 
 
 General Meigs, 
 General O. O. Howard, 
 General Crook, 
 General W. S. Hancock, 
 General Augur, 
 General Merritt, 
 
 Gen. Alex. McD. McCook^ 
 General Scofield, 
 General Terry, 
 General Dunn, 
 General Miles, 
 General Custer. 
 
 (9) 
 
lO 
 
 LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 Celebrated Union Qenerals 29 
 
 General Beiij. F. Butler, 
 General A. K. Buniside, 
 General J no. A. Loj^an, 
 General N. P. Banks, 
 General Jno. Sedj^wick, 
 General Geo. G. Meade, 
 
 General Wni. T. Sherman, 
 General Geo. H. Thomas, 
 General U. S. Grant, 
 General Joseph Hooker, 
 General Phil. E. Sheridan, 
 General Judson Kilpatrick, 
 
 Famous Confederate Generals 30 
 
 General Moseby, 
 Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, 
 General Jubal A. Early, 
 General A. P. Hill, 
 General J. B. Hoo<l, 
 General Braxton Bragg, 
 
 General Thos. J. Jackson, 
 General Jas. I^ongstreet, 
 General Robert E. Lee, 
 General J. E. B. Stuart, 
 General A. S. Johnston, 
 General Jos. E.Johnston. 
 
 Leaders of the Navy 31 
 
 Rear-Admiral Walker, 
 Rear-Adniiral Greer, 
 Rear-Admiral Bryson, 
 Secretary Herbert, 
 
 Lieutenant Lemly, 
 Rear-Admiral Gherardi, 
 Commander A. W. Weaver, 
 Rear-Admiral Belknap, 
 
 Commodore James O. Gillis 
 Commander Richard Warsaw Meade, 
 
 Foreign Ministers 32 
 
 Sir Julian Pauncefote, Mr. Yi, 
 
 Senor Roque Casal Carranza. Dr. Bustemonte, 
 
 Gen. Don Coesar Cauevoro, Manuel Mde. Peralta, 
 
 Gozo Tzteno, Mavroyeni Bey, 
 
 E. de Muruaga, Souza Roza, 
 
 Mr. Claparde, Prince Cantacuzene. 
 
 Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 33 
 
 Thoburn, 
 
 Fitzgerald, 
 
 Merrill, 
 
 Walden, 
 
 Newman, 
 
 Foss 
 
 Andrews, 
 
 Simpson, 
 
 Ninde, 
 
 Hurst, 
 
 Mallalicu, 
 Fowler, 
 John Wesley, 
 Bowman, 
 Goodsell, 
 
 Warren, 
 
 Foster, 
 
 Taylor, 
 
 Jo^ce, 
 
 Vincent. 
 
 Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church . 
 
 34 
 
 John Williams, 
 Alexander Gregg, 
 G. F. Seymour, 
 W. A. I.*onard, 
 A. C. Coxe, 
 W. E. McLaren, 
 P, Brooks, 
 T. A. Starkey, 
 T. M. Clark, 
 C. Whitehead, 
 
 A. N. Littlejohn. 
 Bishop Walker, 
 Samuel D. Ferguson, 
 W. F. Adams, 
 F. McN. Whittle, 
 W. H. Hare, 
 H. B. Whipple, 
 W. I. Kip, 
 W. Paiet, 
 Sylvester Xuttle, 
 
 Beman Catholic Archbishops oy the United 
 
 States 35 
 
 John Joseph Williams, 
 Francis )aiissens, 
 Wi.liam H. Gross, 
 Arcubishop Ireland, 
 fred. Xavicr Retzer, 
 
 Patrick W 
 
 William Henry Eider, 
 Patrick A. Feehan, 
 Patrick John Ryan, 
 Peter Richard Kenrick, 
 John B. Salpoiute, 
 Riordan, 
 
 Arc Eminent Cardinals 36 
 
 Vannutelli, Simeoni, Haynald, 
 
 Rampolla, Sanfelice. 
 
 <toin«iT Catholic Leaders in America 36 
 
 Archbishop Corrigan, 
 Monsii^or O'Conuell, 
 
 Cardinal Gibbons, 
 Moiisignor SatoUL. 
 
 Representative American Newspaper Men 
 
 PAOB 
 
 37 
 
 J. G. Bennett, 
 J. B. McCullogh, 
 Whitelaw Reid, 
 Geo, W. Childs, 
 Frederick Driscoll, 
 C. A. Dana, 
 E. M. O'Neill, 
 Jos. Medill, 
 Chas. H. Taylor, 
 Felix Agnus, 
 
 Jas. W. Scott. 
 Murat Halstesd, 
 W. R. Hearst, 
 Clark Howell, 
 Joseph Pulitzer, 
 Prank Hatten, 
 Victor F. LawsoD, 
 Wm. E. Quinby, 
 M. H. deVoung, 
 Henry Watterson. 
 
 American Authors 
 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe, 
 
 Washington Irving, 
 
 T. B. Aldrich, 
 
 G. Bancroft, 
 
 O. W. Holmes, 
 
 Ella W. Wilcox, 
 
 Emerson, 
 
 Longfellow, 
 
 Eliz. Stuart Phelps, 
 
 George W. Curtis, 
 
 Jno. G. Whittier, 
 William H. Prescolt, 
 Nathaniel Haulhome, 
 Bret Harte, 
 
 Mrs. Hodgson Burnett, 
 Wm. Dean Howell*, 
 Walt Witnian, 
 Lowell, 
 Ivlgar A. Poe, 
 Mark Twain. 
 
 Foreign Authors j^ 
 
 Schiller, 
 Thomas Carlyle, 
 Macaulay, 
 John Milton, 
 Browning, 
 Goethe, 
 
 Sir E. Arnold, 
 
 Kipling, 
 
 Ouida, 
 Voltaire, 
 Tennyson, 
 Shakespeare, 
 Jules Verne, 
 
 John Ruskin, 
 Thomas Moore, 
 Sir Walter Scott, 
 Haggard, 
 Victor Hugo, 
 Charles Dick 
 
 Charles Kingsley. 
 
 Millionaires . . 
 
 W. W. Astor, 
 
 Henry Clews, 
 D. O. Mills, 
 Henry Villard, 
 W. H. VanderhiH 
 Jay Gould, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 James G F<ut. 
 Addisoc CammaCki 
 Whiteiaw Reio. 
 
 H. Victor NewconU\ 
 B. C. Stedman, 
 J. W. Mackay. 
 George I. Seney, 
 George Gould. 
 Cornelius Vaudeibilt, 
 Russell Sage, 
 C P HunUngton, 
 P. D. Armour, 
 James C. Flood. 
 
 Ureat Composers 41 
 
 Chopm, 
 
 Weber. 
 
 Richard Wagner 
 
 Beethoven, 
 
 Liszt, 
 
 Haydn. 
 
 Verdi, 
 
 Gluck, 
 
 Schubert, 
 
 Mozart, 
 
 Meyerbeer, 
 
 jounod, 
 
 Hacdci 
 
 Bellini. 
 
 Rubinstein, 
 
 Bach, 
 
 Mendelssohn, 
 
 Schumaim 
 
 Sir Arthur SulliTwa, 
 
 Rossini, 
 
 Noted Players and .Smgers 
 
 Dei Puente, Edouard de Reszke, Albani, 
 
 Tamagno Paderewski, Matema, 
 
 Lilli Lehman, Chri.stin Nilson, Schalchi, 
 
 Gnilia Ravogli, Marannie Brandt, Melba, 
 
 Patti, Theo. Reichmann, Eames, 
 
 Van Zandt, Jean de Reszke, Max Alvary, 
 
 I^asalle, 
 
 CampaninL 
 
 Actors and Actresses in Costume 43 
 
 Loic Fuller, Amelia Glover, Sothern, 
 
 Marie Jansen, I^ouis James. Tom Karl, 
 
 Francis Wilson, Lillian Russell, Delia Fox, 
 Marie Tempest 
 
 Actors and Actresses In Costume 44 
 
 Pauline Hall, Margaret Mather, Mantel. 
 
 Mrs. I<anglry, Georgia Cayvan, MansfieM. 
 
 Wilson Barrett, Jos. Haworth, Jane ll.tding, 
 Jessie Bartlett Davis. 
 
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 II 
 
 PASS 
 
 • 45 
 
 Aunous Actresses . . 
 
 Annie Pixley, 
 Fanny Davenport, 
 Mrs. Agnes Booth, 
 Rosina Yokes, 
 Julia Marlowe, 
 
 Famous Actors 4^ 
 
 Sarah Bernhardt, 
 Rose Coghlan, 
 Mme. Modjeska, 
 Miss Ellen Terry, 
 Ada Rehan. 
 
 Neil Burgess, 
 Henry E. Dixey, 
 Jo Jefferson, 
 Henry Irving, 
 Maurice Barrymore, 
 
 Denman Thompson, 
 Edwin Booth, 
 James Lewis, 
 Thomasso Salvini, 
 Stuart Robsou. 
 
 ^een Victoria's Jubilee Portrait 47 
 
 Prince of Wales and His Family 48 
 
 Prince Albert Victor, Princess Maud, 
 
 Princess of Wales, Princess Victoria, 
 
 Prince of Wales, Prince George, 
 
 Princess Louise (Duchess of Fife). 
 
 The QIadstone Government, 1892 49 
 
 John Morley, Earl Spencer, 
 
 Marquis of Ripon, A. J. Mundella, 
 
 Gladstone, Sir Geo. Trevelyan, 
 
 Earl Roseberry, Earl of Kimberley, 
 
 Sir William Vernon Harcourt 
 
 Tba Dead Poet laureate of England 50 
 
 Vhc Sovereigns of Russia, Denmaric and Oreece, 51 
 
 Rulers and Leaders of Great Powers s* 
 
 Emperor William and Bismarck, 
 Archduchess Maria Theresa, 
 Prince Louis of Bavaria, 
 von Capri vi, 
 Emperor of Austria, 
 Empress of Austria. 
 
 Six Notables in Current History 53 
 
 Royalty in Portugal 54 
 
 President Carnot, Prince of Naples, and King 
 
 and Queen of Italy 55 
 
 Three Leading Anti-Home Rulers — " Carmen 
 Sylva," Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Rou- 
 
 mania, and Mile. Vacaresco 56 
 
 Infanta Eulalia 57 
 
 Pope Leo XIII. Borne in the Sedia Gestatoria . . 58 
 
 Twenty Great Artists 59 
 
 Raphael, Corregio, Rembrandt, 
 
 A. Van Dyck, Angelo, Reynolds, 
 
 Meissonier, Verestchagin, Munkacsy, 
 
 Bouguereau, Marcus Stone, Holman Hunt, 
 
 Hogarth, Von Piloty, Rosa Bonheur, 
 
 Millet, Alma Tadema, Burne-Jones, 
 
 E. Detaille, Sir D. Wilkie. 
 
 Manuscript and Portrait of St. Matthew .... 391 
 
 Oscar II., King of Sweden 329 
 
 Queen Wilhelmlna Helena Pauline 339 
 
 Leopold II., King of Belgium 339 
 
 President Diaz, Mexico 309 
 
COUNTRIES PHOTOGRAPH E:D. 
 
 Algiers. 
 
 PAOB 
 
 Summer Palace of the Governor-General at Mus- 
 
 tapha Snperieur 60 
 
 Mosque of El-Djedid 61 
 
 Taking of Imalah Abd-el-Kader 63 
 
 Alaska. 
 
 View near Sitka 63 
 
 Unlatok 64 
 
 Steamer and Muier Glacier 65 
 
 Taking Photographs at Peril Straits 65 
 
 The Totem Poles of Alaska 66 
 
 Old Fur Store 67 
 
 Greek Church at Sitka 67 
 
 Arabia. 
 
 Bedouins at Lunch 68 
 
 Uid-day Rest in the Desert, between Mount Sinai 
 
 and Akaba 69 
 
 Greek Church, Convent of St. Catherine, Mount 
 
 Sinai 70 
 
 Bedouin Sheikh and Staff, Petra 71 
 
 An Arabesque Salon 73 
 
 Arab Sheikh and Dragoman 73 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Capuchin Vault 74 
 
 Volksgarten 75 
 
 Kew Opera House 76 
 
 Hof burg Theatre 77 
 
 Palace of Prince Schwarzenberg 78 
 
 Franzenring 79 
 
 Belgium. 
 
 Halls of the Corporations, Brussels 80 
 
 The Bourse, Brussels 81 
 
 House of the Frank, Bruges 82 
 
 La Hahe Sainte, Waterloo 83 
 
 Dinant upon the Meuse 84 
 
 The New Bourse, Brussels 171 
 
 Leopold II 330 
 
 Palace of the King, Brussels 410 
 
 Bolivia. 
 
 The Plaza on a Market Day, La Pa<! 85 
 
 Alabaster Crosses 86 
 
 Cloth made by the Incas 87 
 
 Antiquities made by the Incas 88 
 
 Sacred Virgin of Capacabana 89 
 
 Grass Boats on Lake Titicaca 90 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Ottawa. — A looking up tke Otuwa River 91 
 
 Victoria Square, Montreal 9a 
 
 Ice Palace at Montrco/' 93 
 
 loa Camiva;. Monuob 94 
 
 Canada— (Continned). 
 
 Victoria, Vancouver's Island 99 
 
 Parliament Buildings, Quebec, Canada 99 
 
 The Citadel at Quebec 9K 
 
 Ice Shove at Montreal ^ 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, from Citadel looking eait . . . ff 
 
 ChlU. 
 
 Spanish Aqueduct, Santa Lucia, Santiago 9A 
 
 Gateway to Santa Lucia, Santiago 99 
 
 Spanish Coat of Arms, Santa Lucia, Santiago .... to* 
 
 Residence at Santiago loi 
 
 Post-ofiSfe at Valparaiso loa 
 
 Palatial Residence at Valparaiso lof 
 
 Harbor of Valparaiso 109 
 
 La Cueca 104 
 
 Country Fair in Chili aq( 
 
 China. 
 
 Gate or Pailow, Peking tat 
 
 Bxamination Hall, Peking 107 
 
 Bronze Lions at Wan-Shon-Shan Gate, Peking . . . laS 
 Drawing-Room of the United States Legation, Peking.109 
 
 A Chinese Inn m 
 
 The Great Wall of China tu 
 
 The Governor's Residence, Hong-Kong iia 
 
 English Quarter, City of Hong-Kong lij 
 
 Garden of Hong-Kong 113 
 
 Rain Temple at Tien-Tsin I14 
 
 Caravan at Rest >lj 
 
 Ancient Astronomical Instruments nC 
 
 Ecuador. 
 
 A Native House nf 
 
 Mount Chimborazo lA 
 
 Carriers of Quito .... 119 
 
 The Public Fountains of Quito 09 
 
 Portico of Capitol, Quito HK 
 
 Post Station between Ambato and Quito m 
 
 The Royal Road from Bodegas to Gnaranda m 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Street in Bnenoa Ayres M» 
 
 Esypt. 
 
 The Second Nile Cataract na 
 
 Nile Boats at Hl-Gizeh I^ 
 
 Boating on the Nile n4 
 
 An Egyptian Street • • US 
 
 A Company of English Artillery in the Desert . . . nft 
 Alexandria, Egypt, afler the Bombarding and the 
 
 Looting la* 
 
 The Suez Canal between the Mediterranean and tha 
 
 Red Sea n^ 
 
 I") 
 
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 >> 
 
 Egypt— (Continued). 
 
 FAGB 
 
 Khartoum, the scene of General Gordon's death . . 128 
 
 An Oriental Slave Market 130 
 
 A Hollow Square in the Desert 131 
 
 Ascending the Pyramids 132 
 
 The Standing Obelisks, Kamak 133 
 
 Karnak 134 
 
 Ruins from Philae, Egypt, from the South 135 
 
 The Sepulchral Monument of Rameses 136 
 
 Prostrate Statue of Rameses 137 
 
 Ruins of Philae 138 
 
 Citadel of Cairo 139 
 
 Fountain of Ablutions, Mosque of Sultan Hassan, 
 
 Cairo 140 
 
 Meda, or Fountain of Ablutions 141 
 
 The Mosque of Mohammed-Ali, Cairo 142 
 
 Minarets of a Mosque, Cairo 143 
 
 Horse lk[erchaut of Cairo 144 
 
 The Tombs, Cairo 145 
 
 Tombs of the Mamelooks, Cairo 146 
 
 A Charge of Arab Cavalry 129 
 
 Egyptian Soldiers on Parade 129 
 
 England. 
 
 Westminster Abbey 147 
 
 The Reredos in Westminster Abbey 148 
 
 The House of Lords 149 
 
 London Bridge 150 
 
 Bank of England 151 
 
 Albert Memorial, London 152 
 
 Albert Memorial, London (Group Africa) 153 
 
 Albert Memorial, London (Group America) .... 154 
 
 Albert Memorial, London (Group Asia) 155 
 
 Trafalgar Square 156 
 
 St Thomas Hospital 157 
 
 The New Law Courts, London 158 
 
 Front Court, Trinity College, Cambridge 159 
 
 Hawarden Castle, near Chester 160 
 
 His Captive 161 
 
 General View of the Tower of London 162 
 
 Windsor Castle 163 
 
 Buckingham Palace 164 
 
 Ann Hathaway's Cottage 165 
 
 Shakespeare's House, Stratford-on-Avon 166 
 
 House of Parliament 167 
 
 St Mary's Abbey, York 168 
 
 Chapel of St. George, Windsor 169 
 
 Residence of Lord Salisbury 170 
 
 Horse Armory, Tower of London 171 
 
 The Crown Jewels, Tower of London 171 
 
 Osborn House, Queen Victoria's Seaside Villa .... 343 
 
 Garden Front of Windsor Castle 162 
 
 An Old English Public House 7 
 
 France. 
 
 Botel de Ville, Paris 172 
 
 Bois de Boulogne, Paris 173 
 
 Lower Lake, Bois de Boulogne, Paris 174 
 
 Ifis Champs Elysees, Paris 175 
 
 Les Halles Centrals, Paris 176 
 
 Arch of Triumph, Paris 177 
 
 Hotel des Invalides, Paris 178 
 
 France— (Continued). 
 
 PAOB 
 
 Tomb of Napoleon 179 
 
 Palai du Trocadero, Paris 180 
 
 The Eifel Tower, Paris 181 
 
 Church of the Madelaine, Paris 182 
 
 Stairway of the Grand Opera House, Paris 183 
 
 The Louvre, Paris ... 184 
 
 Place de la Concorde, Paris 185 
 
 Chariot of Louis XV., Paris 186 
 
 Gardens of the Luxembourg, Paris 187 
 
 La Place de la Bastille, Paris 188 
 
 In the Forest of Fontainbleaa 189 
 
 Bed of Anne of Austria, Fontainbleau 190 
 
 Bed of Napoleon I., Fontainbleau 191 
 
 Palace of Fontainbleau 19* 
 
 School of Fine Arts and Library, Marseilles .... 193 
 Marie Antoinette on Her Way to Execution .... 194 
 
 Boudoir of Marie Antoinette 195 
 
 Gallery of Battles, Palace of Versailles 196 
 
 Hall of the Jeu-de-Paume 197 
 
 Roguet de I'Isle Singing the Marseillaise 198 
 
 The Battle of Marseilles 199 
 
 Napoleon at the Battle of Jena 200 
 
 A French Zouave 201 
 
 Palace of the Popes, Avignon 264 
 
 Assault on the Malakoff and the Redan, by Boutigny, 2oj 
 
 " Surprised in a Chateau," by Detaille 203 
 
 In the Arena 204 
 
 Return of the Sabine Women, Louvre Museum . . . 205 
 
 Quatre Bras 206 
 
 " After the Bath " 206 
 
 Monte Carlo, Front View of the Casino 207 
 
 Burning of Joan of Arc 208 
 
 The Vision of Joan of Arc 209 
 
 Longchamps Palace, Marseilles 210 
 
 General View of Marseilles 210 
 
 The Blessing, Luxembourg, Paris 211 
 
 St. Peter's Church, Avignon 21a 
 
 Festival of St. Roche aij 
 
 Qermany. 
 
 Emperor's Palace, Berlin 214 
 
 Royal Palace, or Schloss, Berlin • • . . 215 
 
 Palace of the Crown Prince, Berlin 216 
 
 The Castle Bridge, Berlin 217 
 
 The Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 218 
 
 Luther Monument, Dresden 215 
 
 Guttenberg House, Strasburg 320 
 
 Emperor William I., Moltke and Bismarck at the 
 
 Siege of Paris 331 
 
 The Congress of Berlin, 1878 221 
 
 Theater Platz, Wiesbaden 322 
 
 Maximilian Street, Munich 223 
 
 Caub and Oberwesel 224 
 
 Drachenburg, A modern castle on the Rhine .... 225 
 
 The Castle Sonneck on the Rhine ".225 
 
 Ehrenbreitstein 226 
 
 Bullay and Alf on the Mosel 227 
 
 Bell Alliance Platz 228 
 
 Pleasure Garden, Berlin 339 
 
 The Royal Palace, Charlottenburg, Prussia 339 
 
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 Qermany — (Continued). 
 
 rAo* 
 
 The Palace, Coblentz, Pnusia 331 
 
 Flower Garden, Cologne 232 
 
 Ducal Palace, Brunswick 233 
 
 The Schloss PlaU at Stuttgart 233 
 
 Amphitheatre at Treves, Prussia 234 
 
 Greece. 
 
 Prison of Socrates, Athens 335 
 
 Modem Athens 167 
 
 Hawaii. 
 
 Government House 336 
 
 Bird's Eye View of Honolulu on the Day of Revolu- 
 tion, U. S. Troops in Possession of the Field . . 236 
 Hawaiian Feast 337 
 
 Holland. 
 
 Amsterdam Gate, Haarlem 238 
 
 Slaughter of the Ten Thousand 239 
 
 The Palace at Amsterdam 340 
 
 Old Windmill at Haarlem 340 
 
 The Holy Land. 
 
 Young Girl in Holiday Attire 315 
 
 Railroad Station at Jerusalem 316 
 
 Pilgrims entering Jerusalem 317 
 
 Tree of Abraham, Hebron 318 
 
 The Field of Blood, Jerusalem 319 
 
 The Garden of Gethsemane 320 
 
 Manuscript and Portrait of St Matthew 321 
 
 I 
 India. 
 
 The Taj Mahal, Agra, Hindostan 207 | 
 
 A Native Home 241 
 
 The Jummak Musjid, Delhi 242 
 
 Singhalese Devil Dancers 243 
 
 Great Gate, Madura Temple 244 
 
 The Temple, Madura 245 
 
 Imperial Palace, Delhi 246 
 
 Scringham Pagoda 247 
 
 A Buddhic Temple 248 
 
 Temple of the Sacred Tooth, and Lake atKandy . . 249 
 
 An Annual Buddhist Procession 2£0 
 
 Bathing Scene on the Hoogly 251 
 
 The Palanquin at Chanieaux 252 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 Ross Castle, Killarney 255 
 
 SL Mary's Abbey, Dublin 254 
 
 Meeting of the Waters, Killarney 253 
 
 Italy. 
 
 The Pantheon at Rome 363 
 
 St, Peter's, Rome 256 
 
 Rome seen from St. Peter's 257 
 
 The Sistine Chapel at the Vatican, Rome 35S 
 
 St Peter's, Rome 259 
 
 Aqua Claudia, Rome 260 
 
 Forum of Trajan, Rome 261 
 
 Sessorian Palace, Rome 363 
 
 Uonnt Palatine Stadium 364 
 
 Bridge at St. Angelo, Rom« 365 
 
 Italy— ,'Continned). 
 
 The Death of Caesar att 
 
 Jules Stewart's " Springtime in Venice " tjif 
 
 The Rialto, Venice afi^ 
 
 Hall of Senate Throne, Dncal Palace, Venice .... tA 
 
 A Canal in Venice a6^ 
 
 Bridge of Sighs and Ducal Palace 27i> 
 
 Home of Desdemona 271 
 
 St Mark's Square, Venice 37* 
 
 Ducal Palace, Venice 373 
 
 The Grand Canal, Venice 274 
 
 San Giorgio Maggiore 275 
 
 Chioggia 276 
 
 Hall of Marbles, Naples 377 
 
 Castel Del Carmine, Naples 378 
 
 Castel Dell Ovo, Naples 37^ 
 
 House of Dante, Florence 38* 
 
 Tomb of Archimedes, Syracuse 381 
 
 The Matterhom, one of the Alps of the Valais . . . 38> 
 
 The Battle of Solferino 38j 
 
 "The Dancer," by Canova 384 
 
 Lake Como 385 
 
 Dining Hall, Palazzo Reale, Genoa 386 
 
 Temple of Jupiter 387 
 
 Peasant Girls and Hnntsman sSS 
 
 The Amphitheatre, Pompeii 389 
 
 A Prison in the Suburbs of Palermo 390 
 
 Embarkation of Antony and Cleopatra 391 
 
 Japan. 
 
 Japanese Laborers 399 
 
 Whipping Cotton in Japan 399 
 
 Pagoda at Teska, Japan 394 
 
 The Japanese Shoe Mender 395 
 
 Fnsiyama, Japan's Sacred Mountain 396 
 
 Scene on the Sumeda River 996 
 
 Corea Bridge 411 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 The Cathedral, Mexico 997 
 
 Chapultepec Castle, City of Mexico 398 
 
 Hall of Congress, City of Mexico 399 
 
 French Army Entering the City of Mexico ya» 
 
 National Palace, City of Mexico 301 
 
 Interior of Mexican Residence, City of Mexico . . . 30* 
 
 Quetaro, Mexico 303 
 
 Church of Guadalupe, near Mexico 304 
 
 Bishop's Palace, Monterey 305 
 
 Cathedral at Chihuahua 306 
 
 A Mexican Kitchen 307 
 
 Chinampas, or Floating Ganlens joS 
 
 Drying Coffee in the Field 309 
 
 Bull Fight 310 
 
 Cathedral of Guadalajara 311 
 
 Puebla 31* 
 
 President Diaz 330 
 
 Wife of President Diaz 330 
 
 Morocco. 
 
 The Synagogue at Tetuan 31J 
 
 Jewish Cemetery at Tetuan 313 
 
 General View of Tetuan 314 
 
 Jewish Luxury at Tetuaa 314 
 
WST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 IS 
 
 Peru. 
 
 FACiB 
 
 ijummer Hpusc, the Exhibition Grounds, Lima . . . 322 
 Carnival Time at Puno , . . . . 323 
 
 Russia. 
 
 Palace of Pitrossky. 324 
 
 House of the Romanoff Czars 325 
 
 General View of Moscow from the Kremlin 326 
 
 Kremlin, Large Palace, Moscow 326 
 
 General View of Moscow from the Rekio Bridge . . . 327 
 
 St. Isaac's Cathedral, St. Petersburg 327 
 
 Capture of Malakoff, Sebastopol 328 
 
 Cathedral of St. Basil, Moscow 329 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 The Castle, Edinburgh 330 
 
 Dunbar Castle 332 
 
 Taymouth Castle 332 
 
 Caerlaverock Castle 333 
 
 Dumbarton Castle and Rock 334 
 
 Balmoral Castle, from the River 335 
 
 Bums' Birthplace, Ayrshire 336 
 
 Abbottsford — Garden Front 337 
 
 Cam O'Shanter Inn, Ayr 338 
 
 The Old Capon Tree 339 
 
 Highland Mary's Grave 340 
 
 North Walls, Orkney Isles 341 
 
 Bressa Lighthouse 342 
 
 Osborn House, Queen Victoria's Seaside Villa . . . 343 
 Balmoral Castle, Queen Victoria's Favorite Residence .343 
 
 Alloway Kirk, near Ayr 344 
 
 Mill on the Cluny 345 
 
 Planting Potatoes in Skye 346 
 
 A Skye Crofter's Home 347 
 
 Grinding Com in Skye 348 
 
 Castle from St. Cuthbert's Churchyard, Edinburgh, 
 
 Scotland • 168 
 
 Holyrood, from Calton Hill, Edinburgh 171 
 
 Spain. 
 
 The Alhambra : The Court of Lions 351 
 
 Alhambra Palace, Upper End of the Court 352 
 
 Return of Columbus and Appearance at Court .... 353 
 
 South Africa. 
 
 Cape Town 349 
 
 The Traveler's Palm 350 
 
 Switzerland. 
 Geneva, Monument of the Duke of Brunswick . . .211 
 
 Crossing a Crevasse 354 
 
 Luceme 355 
 
 Lake Lucerne from Tell's Platte 356 
 
 Nyon 357 
 
 The Glacier of Bossons 358 
 
 The Castle of Chillon 359 
 
 View of Mont Blanc 360 
 
 Chain of the Alps, Canton of Berne 361 
 
 Street in Andemiatt 362 
 
 Geneva 363 
 
 Mont Blanc Observatory. Passage under the Grand 
 
 Mulets 364 
 
 Mont Blanc Observatory, Ascension of Mont Blanc 
 
 towards the junction of the Grand Mulets . . . 364 
 
 Switzerland— (Continued). 
 
 VASB 
 
 Berne 365 
 
 The Jungfrau 366 
 
 Interlaken and Jungfrau 367 
 
 Territet Railway, Montreax . 368 
 
 View near Wassen 369 
 
 View of the Rhine 370 
 
 Church Interior, Hospenthal 371 
 
 Hotel Aquila, Hospenthal 371 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 The Dardenelles opened to the vessels of the Rus.<ian 
 
 Volunteer Fleet 37J 
 
 Panoramic View of Constantinople 373 
 
 Mosque, the sweet waters of Europe 374 
 
 Palace of Beylerbey, the Bosphorus 375 
 
 View of the Bosphoms 376 
 
 Gateway of the Sultan's Palace, Constantinople . . 376 
 
 A Sultana's Matinee Costume 377 
 
 Fountain of Achmed III., Constantinople 378 
 
 United States. 
 
 South Willow Canon, Creede, Colorado 2l» 
 
 " Whom did you see ? Speak, child, speak " . . .. . aij 
 
 Old Ben, Las Palmas, California 32^ 
 
 War, State and Navy Building, Washington 37^ 
 
 Pension OiBce, Washington 380 
 
 Smithsonian Institution, Washington 381 
 
 Entrance to Ex-Vice-President Morton's Homes, 
 
 Washington 38* 
 
 Cleveland's Home at Oakview, D. C 383 
 
 Green Room at the White House, Washington . . . 384 
 
 In the Treasury Vault, Washington 385 
 
 Senator Hearst's Dining Room, Washington .... 386 
 
 Washington Monument, Washington 387 
 
 Sheridan's Ride, Washington, D. C 388 
 
 Out with the Meadow Brook Hounds 389 
 
 The Vanderbilt Houses, New York 390 
 
 New York Navy Yard : Drilling at Street Riot on 
 
 Chauncey Avenue 391 
 
 Divinity Hall, Yale University 39a 
 
 The Union Theological Seminary, New York .... 39a 
 Sunken Gardens, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia . . 393 
 
 John Wanamaker's Residence 394 
 
 Arnold's Mansion, Philadelphia . 395 
 
 Chicago Stock Yards, Small Packer's Plants .... 396 
 Chicago Stock Yards, Bird's-eye View of the Cattle 
 
 Pens 39& 
 
 A Glimpse of Arabia, World's Fair 397 
 
 Aztec and Indian Homes, World's Fair 397 
 
 French Renaissance, World's Fair 398 
 
 Auditorium Hotel, Chicago 398 
 
 Corn Palace, Sioux City 399 
 
 West Point, N. Y 400 
 
 Mexican Mortars, West Point, N. Y. 401 
 
 Thomas Paine's Homestead, Long Island, N. Y. . . 40a 
 
 Old Stone Tower, Newport, R. 1 403 
 
 State Capitol, Albany, N. Y 404 
 
 Ice Freeze at Niagara 405 
 
 Prospect Park, Niagara, Winter 406 
 
UST OP PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 United States — (Cootinned). 
 
 rAOB 
 
 Vice-Commodore Morgan's Cottage, Newport .... 407 
 
 Cavern Cascade, Watkins Glen, N. Y 408 
 
 Washington's Headquarters, Newburgh, N. Y. ... 409 
 General Knox's Headquarters at Valley Forge . . . 410 
 Interior of Washington's Headquarters at Valley 
 
 Forge 410 
 
 Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge .... 410 
 
 Palm Tree at Las Palmas, California 411 
 
 Canal Street, New Orleans 411 
 
 Statue of Henry W. Grady, Atlanta, Ga. 412 
 
 Statue of " Stonewall " Jackson, Lexington, Va. . .412 
 
 Fort at San Marco, St. Augustine, Fla. 413 
 
 Old Slave Market, St. Augustine, Fla. 414 
 
 Libby Prison, Va 415 
 
 Old Mill near Ashborough, N. C 416 
 
 Loading Cotton at New Orleans 417 
 
 Loading Oranges on the Oklawaha, Fla. 418 
 
 Darktown Courtship 419 
 
 House in which " Stonewall " Jackson died, Rich- 
 mond, Va. 420 
 
 Street Scene in the South 421 
 
 Arlington House, Virginia 422 
 
 Home of Jefferson Davis .".-.' J ."." . 423 
 
 Phases of the Mississippi Floods 424 
 
 State Capitol, Baton Rouge, La. 425 
 
 TheU. S. S. "Yorktown" 426 
 
 Over and Above the Bargain 426 
 
 At the Fountain 426 
 
 Cricket on the Manheira Grounds, Germantown . . 427 
 A Representative Fhiladelphia Cricket Team .... 427 
 
 Foot-ball : Putting the Ball in Play 428 
 
 Bathing at Narragansett Pier 729 
 
 Indian Dance at Miles City 429 
 
 In Search of a Lost Race 430 
 
 Lower Creede, Colorado ' 431 
 
 The Narrows, Williams Canon, Colorado 432 
 
 Yellowstone National Park : The Upper Fall .... 433 
 The Yellowstone National Park : Mammoth Hot 
 
 Springs Hotel and Liberty Cap Rock 434 
 
 Vineyard Scene at EI Mo<ielo 435 
 
 Yellowstone National Park : The Obsidian Clifl& . . 435 
 
 Oldest House in Santa Fe, New Mexico 436 
 
 Mew Mormon Temple at Salt Lake City 437 
 
 United States— (Continued). 
 
 rAoa 
 Fort Point, San Francisco Harbor 43S 
 
 Mrs. Mark Hopkins' Mansion, San Francisco .... 43S 
 
 Market Street, San Francisco 439 
 
 Hotel del Monte, Monterey 440 
 
 Colonel Carter of Cartersville 441 
 
 The Duel Scene in " The Rivals " 44a 
 
 Battle of Shiloh 443 
 
 Siege of Vicksburg 443 
 
 Battle of Allatoona Pass 444 
 
 Battle of Gettysburg 444 
 
 Battle of Spottsylvania 445 
 
 Battle of Antietam 445 
 
 Battle of Lay's Ferr}- 446 
 
 U. S. Monitor " Miantonomoh " 447 
 
 U. S. Cruiser "San Francisco" 7 
 
 Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge .... 6 
 
 New York's Greeting to Columbus S 
 
 The Atlanta 44S 
 
 The American Battleship 449 
 
 United States Cruiser " Newark " 450 
 
 New York Navy Yard, the "Chicago" 451 
 
 The United States Cruiser " New York " 45t 
 
 The Columbian Naval Re\-iew, Scenes about FoitreM 
 
 Monroe 453 
 
 Fortress Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va 454 
 
 Fort Win field Scott, San Francisco Harbor 454 
 
 Promenade of the Hygeia Hotel, Old Point Comfort, 
 
 Va. 455 
 
 New York's Greeting to Columbus. The Naval Re- 
 
 serve Light Battery 456 
 
 The Naval Parade, Rounding the Battery, New York.457 
 New York's Greeting to Columbus, The Night Pa- 
 geant 4SS 
 
 Forbidden Longings 459 
 
 Venezuela. 
 Boulevard, Caitcas 460 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 Palm Grove in St Thomas 335 
 
 Port of Spain, Queen's Road 464 
 
 Port of Spain, Combined Residence and Stove . . . 46a 
 
 Silk Cotton Tree, Nassau 461 
 
 Nassau 469 
 
Justice Harlan, 
 Justice S. J. Field, 
 Justice Shiras, 
 
 SUPREHE COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Justice Brewer, 
 Chief Justice Fuller, 
 Justice Brown, 
 
 Justice Blatchford, 
 Justice Gray, 
 Justice Jackson. 
 
r 
 
 AWA- 
 
 J 
 
 MRS. QROVER CLEVELAND — President Cleveland married Miss Folsom on June 2. 1886. 
 The intercslinK event pleased universally — "everybody loves a lover" — and acquaintance with 
 the youufj bride, brought suddenly into prominence as the queen of the White House, increase*! 
 the (fcneral satisfaction that the honors and duties of the chief home in the land were shared by 
 one who adde<l lustre to those and j)erfonne<l these conscientiously and with the swectncssand good 
 feeling towards all which far more than outweiKhe<l the disadvantages of previous inexix-rience of 
 entertaining on a grand scale. Returning to the White House on March 4, 1893, after the inter- 
 vening administration of President Harrison, Mrs. Cleveland entered it as a mother, prattling Rutll 
 on her lap. The married life of Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland ia au eminently happy one. 
 
 18 
 
QROVER CLEVELAND. — Three times consecutively nominated for the presidenc}' and 
 elected for a second term after having been defeated, constitute a most distinguished record. 
 The secret of Mr. Cleveland's success is the plodding, conscientious industry of a man intent 
 upon doing the right thing, as he sees it, the carefulness and good sense with which he proceeds 
 to form his judgment on public questions, and the impression he makes of his sincerity and the 
 singleness of his patriotic purpose in all that he undertakes. He sees no obstacle to the 
 performance of his duty in the opposition of other men, nor in the obstruction of his personal 
 interests. Fearless and candid, indefatigable, honest, even his political enemies give him th» 
 credit for these simple qualities, which duly impress the great multitude of voters. 
 
 19 
 
PRHSIDRNT CLKVKLAND AND HIS CABINKT. 
 
 Hilary A. Herbert, Sec'y o/ Navy. Richard Oliiey, .S<-<-'.v o/ Stale- J. Sterling Morton, Sfc' y of Aj^cultmmk 
 Wm. L. Wilson, Postmaster General. Grover Clevelanil, President. Hoke Smith, Sferttary of Jnterior. 
 
 Drm'I S. Lamout, Secretary of War. John G. Carlisle, Sec'y of 'I>eas. judson Harmon, Attorney GeueraL 
 
VICE-PRESIDENT AND PROHINENT MEMBERS OF THE SENATE. 
 
 Geo. L. Shroup, Vest, Morgan, Vance, 
 
 Manderson, Quay, Blackburn, Dawes, 
 
 Da-vid B. Hill, Walthall, Stevenson, Allison, 
 
 Teller Colquitt, Wm. Lindsay, Don Cameron, 
 
 Frve ' Hoar, Piatt, Cullom. 
 
 21 
 
fj 
 
 PROMINENT MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Thos. McRae, Ark. J. S. Hcmleraon, N. C. John H. Gear, low-a, 
 C. F. Crisp. Oa. W. J. Hryan, Neb. W. H. Crain, Tex. 
 
 H. H. Hiiighani, Pa. D. B. Henderson, la. T>. B. CuUjcrson, Tex. 
 James J. Belden, N. Y. W.C.P.BreckinriaRe.Ky. William J. Stone. Ky. 
 A. J. Hopkins, His. W. B. Cochran, N. Y. Gen. I). Sickles, N. Y. 
 
 22 
 
 Charles Tracy, N. V. 
 I. H. Goodnight, Ky. 
 Chas A. Boutelle, Mc. 
 J. C. Burrows. Mich. 
 W. S. Wilson, W. V«. 
 
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.— These portraits are from paintings hanging in the White House. 
 The names and dates of all the administrations appear in the following list : i John Tyler, from 1841 to 1845. * 
 Millard Filmore, 1850 to 1853. 3 John Quincy Adams, 1825 to 1829. 4 William Henry Harrison, 1841. 5 James 
 Madison, 1809 to 1817. 6 James K. Polk, 1845 to 1849. 7 Martin Van Buren, 1837 to 1841. 8 Zachary Taylor, 1849, 
 1850. 9 James Monroe, 1817101825. 10 Abraham Lincoln, 1861 to 1865. 11 George Washington, 1789 to 1797. 12 
 Grover Cleveland, 1885 to 1889, 1893 to — . 13 Andrew Jackson, 1829 to 1837. 14 Thomas Jefferson, 1801 to 1809. 15 
 Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877 to 1881. 16 Chester A. Arthur, 1881 to 1885. 17 Ulysses S. Grant, 1869 to 1877. 18 James 
 A. Garfield, 1881. 19 Benjamin Harrison, 1889 to 1893. 20 James Buchanan, 1857 to 1861. 21 Andrew Johnson, 1865 
 to 1869. 22 Franklin Pierce, 1853 to 1857. 23 John Adams 1797 to 1801. 
 
 13 
 
PRESIDENT HARRISON AND HIS CABINET.— Here are excellent portraits of the President and 
 his Cabinet, who went out of office on March 4, 1893. to be succeeded by an administration of the opposing 
 political party. Secretary Tracy, of the Navy, had distinguished himself in pushing forward the "work of 
 creating an effective fleet. Changes introduced by Mr. Wanamaker as Postmaster-General were a real 
 ^in in time and efficiency. The brilliant public career of Mr. Blaine had ended the previous summer. 
 On the whole, the administration of President Harrison was not an eventful, though a capable one. The 
 dispute with Chili created an excitement which soon passed away, with the assent of the Chilian governmeut 
 to the reasonable demands of the United States. 
 
 25 
 
PROMINENT REPUBLICANS. 
 
 J. Sloat Fassett, 
 
 Powell Clavlon, 
 
 Sen. Stanford, 
 
 W. W. I'heltxs, 
 
 Sen. Hnwley, 
 
 Fred. IXiuglass 
 
 Chandler, 
 
 Depew, 
 
 Sen. McMillan, 
 
 Cannon, 
 
 Wolcolt, 
 
 Wanicr Miller, 
 
 Re«l, 
 
 Hiscock, 
 
 Morton, 
 
 Sen. Aldrich, 
 
 McKinley, 
 
 Lincoln, 
 
 l-odge, 
 
 WhiteUw Reid. 
 
GENERALS FAMOUS SINCE THE WAR. 
 
 General Merritt. 
 General Moixs. 
 Oeiicral (). (). Howard. 
 General Alex. McU. McCook. 
 
 General Crook. 
 General Scofield. 
 General W. S. Hancock. 
 General Terry. 
 
 28 
 
 General .\n)^r. 
 General Dnnn. 
 General Miles. 
 General Custer. 
 
CELEBRATED UNION QENERALS. 
 
 Gen. Benj. F. Butler, Gen. John A. Logan, Gen. John Sedgwick, 
 
 Gen. Wm. T. Sherman, 
 Gen. A. E. Bumside, 
 Gen. Geo. H. Thomas, 
 
 Gen. U. S. Grant, 
 Gen. N. P. Banks, 
 Gen. Joseph Hooker, 
 
 29 
 
 Gen. Phil. E. Sheridan, 
 Gen. Geo. G. Meade, 
 Gen. Judson Kilpatrick. 
 
General Mosby, 
 General Thos. J. Jackson, 
 General V. G. T. HeaureKard, 
 Generul James I^on^strect, 
 
 FAMOUS CONFEDERATE GENERALS. 
 
 General Jubal A. Early, General J. B. Hooil, 
 
 General Robert K. I<e«, General A. S. Johnston, 
 
 General A. P. Hill, General Braxton Brato;, 
 
 General J. K. B. Stuart, General Jos. B. Johnston. 
 30 
 
LEADERS OF THE NAVY. 
 
 Rear-Admiral Walker, Lieutenant Lemly, 
 
 Rear-Admiral Greer, Secretary Herbert, Rear-Admiral Bryson, 
 
 Rear-Admiral G. E. Belknap, Rear-Admiral Gherardi, Commodore James O. GiUJ% 
 
 Commander Richard Warsaw Meade, Commander A. W. Weaver. 
 
 31 
 
FOREIGN MINISTERS AT WASHINGTON. 
 
 Sir Julian Pauncefote 
 
 (Kngland), 
 Dr. Hustenionte 
 
 (Venezuela), 
 Gozo Tateno 
 
 (Japan), 
 Souza Koza 
 
 (I'ortuKal), 
 
 Mr. Yi 
 
 (Corea), 
 Gen. Don Coesar Canevoro 
 
 (Peru), 
 Mavroyeni Bey 
 
 (Turkey), 
 Mr. Clapanlc 
 
 (Switzerland). 
 
 Scnor Roque Caiial Canrnnia 
 
 (Argentine Republic), 
 Manuel Mde. Peraita 
 
 (CosU Rica), 
 B. de Muruaga 
 
 (Spain), 
 Prince Cantacuzene 
 
 ( Russia). 
 
BISHOPS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.— Eighteen of these men are still at' 
 work. Simpson has joined the founder of Methodism in the rest of Paradise. Beginning at the top 
 on the left-hand side, they appear in the following order, in rows of four, every row commencing at the 
 left : Thoburn, Foss, Mallalien, Warren ; Fitzgerald, Andrews, Fowler, Foster ; Merrill, Simpson, John 
 Wesley, Taylor ; Walden, Ninde, Bowman, Joyce ; Newman, Hurst, Goodsell, Vincent. 
 
 % 33 
 
< 
 
 BISHOPS OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 John Williams, Satnuel I). I-'ergusou, W. K. McLaren, 
 
 W. H. Hare, 
 
 A. N. LitUejohn, W. A. I^onard, 
 
 Alex. Gregg, W. F. Adams, 
 
 Bishop Walker, A. C. Coxe, 
 
 G. F. Seymourk, F. McN. Whittle, 
 
 34 
 
 P. Brooks, 
 
 H. B. Whipple, 
 
 T. A. Starkey, 
 
 W. I. Kip, 
 T. M. Clark, 
 W. Paret. 
 C. Whitehead. 
 Sylvester Tuttle 
 
ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOPS OF THE UNITED STATES.— John Joseph Williams was 
 appointed Archbishop of Boston in 1875. William H. Gross has been Archbishop of Oregon City since 1885. 
 In 1883 William Henry Elder became Archbishop of Cincinnati. Patrick John Ryan was made Archbishop 
 of Philadelphia in 1884 ; Frederick Xavier Retzer, Archbishop of Milwaukee in 1892. Francis Janssens has 
 been Archbishop of New Orleans since 1888 ; Ireland, Archbishop of St. Paul since 1888, the four previous 
 years Bishop of the same See. John B. Salpointe, Archbishop of Santa F6, was raised to his present dignity 
 in 1885. Patrick A. Feehan has been Archbishop of Chicago since 1880. Peter Richard Kenrick was made 
 Archbishop of St. Louis in 1847. Patrick W. Riordan, Archbishop of San Francisco, succeeded to the See 
 101884. 3o 
 

REPRESENTATIVE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER HEN. 
 
 J. G. Bennett, 
 
 Ntw York Herald. 
 
 Whitelaw Reid, 
 
 New York Tribune. 
 
 Frederick DricsoU, 
 
 The Daily Pioneer PreJig. St. Paul. 
 
 is. M. O'Neill, 
 
 The Piltsburtjh Dispatch. 
 
 Charles H. Taylor, 
 
 The Boston Daily Glub€, 
 
 James W. Scott, 
 
 The Chicago Herald, 
 
 W. R. Hearst, 
 
 Tlie Examiner, San Francisco. 
 
 Joseph Pulitzer, 
 
 Tht New York World. 
 
 Victor F. Lawson, 
 
 The Chicago Record. 
 
 M. H. de Young, 
 
 San Francisco Chronicle. 
 
 J. B. McCullogh, 
 
 St. Louis Globe- Democrat. 
 
 George W. Childs, 
 
 Public Ledger, Philadelphia. 
 
 C. A. Dana, 
 
 The Xew York Sun, 
 
 Joseph Medill, 
 
 The Chicaqo Daily Tribune. 
 
 Felix Agnus. 
 
 77i< Baltimore American, 
 
 37 
 
 Murat Halstead, 
 
 standard- Union, Brooklyn, N. Y, 
 
 Clark Howell, 
 
 The Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta. 
 
 Frank Hatten, 
 
 The Washington Post. 
 
 William E. Quinby, 
 
 The Detroit Free Press. 
 
 Henry Watterson, 
 Courier- Journal, Louisville, Ky. 
 
AMERICAN AUTHORS. 
 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe, John G. Whitlier, Washington Ir\-ing, 
 
 T. B. Aldrich, 
 
 O. W. Hohncs, 
 
 Emerson, 
 
 Eliz. Stuart Phelps, 
 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne, O. Bancroft, 
 Mrs. Ho«lgson Burnett, Klla W. Wilcox, 
 Walt Whitman, Longfellow, 
 
 Edgar A. Poe, Geo. W. Cur?is, 
 
 38 
 
 William H. Preacott. 
 
 Bret Harte, 
 
 William Dean Howelh^ 
 
 Lowell, 
 
 Mark Twain. 
 
FOREIGN AUTHORS. 
 
 Schiller, 
 
 Ouida, 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, 
 
 Browning, 
 
 Jules Verne, 
 
 Kipling, 
 Thomas Moore, 
 John Milton, 
 Shakespeare, 
 Charles Dickens, 
 
 89 
 
 John Ruskin, 
 Macaulay, 
 Tennyson, 
 Victor Hugo, 
 Sir E. Arnold, 
 
 Thomas Carlyle, 
 
 Voltaire, 
 
 Haggard, 
 
 Goethe, 
 
 Charles Kingsley. 
 
MILLIONAIRES. 
 
 W. W. Astor, 
 I). O. Mills, 
 W. H. Vniulcrhilt, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 Addison Caniniack, 
 
 H. Victor Newcomb, 
 J. \V. Mackav, 
 Ccorftc Gould, 
 Rus.scll SaRc, 
 P. D. Amiour, 
 
 40 
 
 Henr>' Clews, 
 Henry Villard, 
 Jay (".ould, 
 Jnnics (i. l-'air, 
 Whitclaw Rcid, 
 
 E. C. Stwlman, 
 Georjjc I. Senev, 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt, 
 C. P. Huntington, 
 Junes C. Flood. 
 
Chopin, 
 
 Schubert, 
 
 Mendelssohn, 
 
 Liszt, 
 
 Handel, 
 
 GREAT COMPOSERS. 
 
 Gluck, 
 
 Bach, 
 
 Beethoven, 
 
 Gounod, 
 
 Rossini, 
 
 41 
 
 Rubenstein, 
 
 Richard Wagner, 
 
 Meyerbeer, 
 
 Sir Arthur Sullivan, 
 
 Verdi, 
 
 Weber, 
 
 Mozart, 
 
 Schun"ann. 
 
 Haydn, 
 
 Bellini. 
 
NOTED PLAYERS AND SINGERS. 
 
 Del Puciitc, 
 
 Matenm, 
 
 Mnmnnie Bniudt, 
 
 Bdouaril de Reszke, 
 
 I.illi I^ehinnn, 
 
 MellNi. 
 
 Albaiii, 
 
 Christine NillssuD, 
 
 I'atti, 
 
 TaiiuiKiio, 
 
 (riuliii Ravogli, 
 
 Katncs, 
 
 I'aiiercwski, 
 
 Schalchi, 
 
 Van Zaiidt. 
 
 42 
 
 Jcnti clo Reszke. 
 Thetxiore Reichmann, 
 Max Alvary, 
 Laaallc, 
 Canipanini. 
 
ACTORS AND ACTRESSES IN COSTUME. 
 
 Loie Fuller, Amelia Glover, 
 
 Sothem, 
 Francis Wilson, 
 
 Marie Jansen, 
 
 Delia Fox, 
 Lillian Russell, 
 
 43 
 
 Marie Tempest. 
 
 Louis James, 
 Tom Karl, 
 
ACTORS AND ACTRESSES IN COSTUME. 
 Margaret Mather, Pauline Hall, 
 
 Mantel, Mrs. LatiKtrj-. MansSeld, 
 
 Jos. Haworth, Georgia Cayvan, Wilson Barrett 
 
 Jane Hading, Jessie Bartlctt Davis. 
 
 44 
 
FAMOUS ACTRESSES. 
 
 Rose Coghlan, Mrs. Agnes Booth, 
 
 Annie Pixley, Sarah Bernhardt, Mme. Modjeska, 
 
 Fanny Davenport, Miss Ellen Terry, Julia Marlowe, 
 
 Ada Rehan, Rosina Yokes. 
 
 45 
 
Henry E. Dixey, 
 James Lewis, 
 
 FAMOUS ACTORS. 
 
 Neil Burgess, Denman Thompson, 
 
 Edwin Booth, Jo Jefferson, 
 
 Henry Irving, Thomaaso Salviidy 
 
 Maurice Barrymore. Stuart Robson. 
 
 46 
 
QUEEN VICTORIA'S JUBILEE PORTRAIT.— King William IV. died on June 20, 
 1837. He was succeeded by a young girl of 18, still Queen Victoria, and possibly to reign some 
 years yet, though her jubilee year seems a long way back. Hers is promising to be the longest 
 reign in English history. Reckoned by the continuous capability for work on the part of the 
 sovereign, it is now the longest. Victoria's is the life of a sensible, God-fearing woman, devoted 
 to duty, and finding her sweetest secular satisfactions in the family and the exercise of beneficence. 
 She loves to be in the open air, is fond of walking and driving, and takes her morning meal, 
 whenever at all practicable, out of doors. The secret of a long and dutiful life is found in its 
 general healthful simplicity, contrasting so strikingly with the pomp and circumstance of func- 
 tions indispensable by the ruler over hundreds of millions of the human family. 
 
 47 
 
fll1l 
 
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THE GLADSTONE GOVERNMENT OF 1892. 
 
 William Ewart Gladstone was appointed Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury on August 15, 1892. He 
 was born in 1809. Of the three men in the top row, the one with the cleanly-shaven face is John Morley, Chief Secretary 
 of State for Ireland in the Gladstone Government of 1892 ; Earl Spencer, First Lord of the Admiralty, is in the middle ; 
 and the Marouis of Ripon, Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the right. Under Morlev is A. J. Mundella, President 
 of the Board of Trade ; under him. Earl Roseberv, Secretarv of State for Foreign Affairs ; under Gladstone is Sir 
 William Vernon Harcourt, Chancellor of the Exchequer. To the right of the "Grand Old Man" is Sir George 
 Trevelyan, Secretary of State for Scotland ; leaving the Earl of Kimberley, President of the Council, to be mentioned 
 the last. 
 
 49 
 
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 11 
 
THE SOVEREIGNS OF RUSSIA, DENMARK AND GREECE. 
 
 The Czar Alexander III. is a giant physically in appearance, the apt ruler of mighty and progressive Russia. He 
 was born in 1845. the eldest son of Alexander II., who was assassinated in 1881, and succeeded his father upon that 
 terrible event. His wife, Maria Dagmar, wearer of the quaint head-dress of Russia, is a daughter of Christian IX., 
 King of Denmark, whose portrait is at the bottom of the picture, and Queen Louise, his wife, who takes the mother- 
 in-law's place at the top. Georgios I. of Greece is a brother of the Empress of Russia, and was Prince Wilhelm when, 
 in 1863, the Greeks elected him King of the Hellenes. In 1867 the young monarch married Olga, eldest daughter of the 
 Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, brother of the Czar Alexander II. These six people are related thus nearly. 
 
 61 
 
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ROYALTY IN PORTUO \ i 
 
 r.nJll.}r,^l^ ^>^ ^ TJ''*'" V I'r "V^ ", "«'"* '"""^ «'" ^^J^ illustration is the sweet mother of the 
 m-.^tH'^^T-. r ", ^"""^ ^l".'^'""' '>"K''l" °f »'l»>iPPe nuc .rOrleans. Cointe ,1c Paris, and w" 
 XT,l.^Jl ? ^"r'"*' "°\,^"f S»''"/ I- of PortUKal. in .886. Her hu.sban.l. who w^s b«T, m 
 186.1, 8ucce«le<l Luis I. upon the death of that monarch in 1889. Tlic Qucen-liowaircr MariTrt. 
 survives This piiRe, he ,t observe,!, gives a likeness of the reiRnfnR King ofTortuga"*^ the 'n^ 
 httle fellow who stands by his mother will be the next sovereign over that country ; A" 14 the iSrf 
 power held so proudly by Uom Luis only a few years ago has fallen from his grasp in d«ith. ^^ 
 
 04 
 
PRESIDENT CARNOT, PRINCE OF NAPLES, AND KING AND QUEEN OF ITALY. 
 
 The gentleman in ordinary dress is Marie Francois Sadi Camot, who was elected president of 
 the French Republic on December 3, 1887. Presidential elections in France are by a majority of 
 votes, by the Senate and Chamber of Deputies united in a National Assembly, or Congress. The 
 term is seven years. Camot was bom at Limoges, in 1837. He had been twice Minister of Finance, 
 and had held other important offices before his election. Victor Immanuel, Prince of Naples, bom 
 in 1869. is the son and only child of the King and Queen of Italy. He was named after the first 
 king of United Italy, his illustrious grandfather, and in due time, all being well, will succeed King 
 Humbert in the throne. The reigning sovereign of Italy, Humbert I., was born in 1844, and is the 
 son of Victor Immanuel and his wife, the Archduchess Adelaide of Austria. His beautiful and 
 amiable queen, Margaret, was born in 1851, and was married to him in 1868. She is the only daughter 
 of the late Prince Ferdinand of Savoy, Duke of Genoa. 
 
 55 
 
THREE LEADING ANTI-HOHE RULERS. 
 
 "CARMEN SYLVA," FERDINAND, CROWN PRINCE OF ROUMANIA, AND MLLE. VACARESCO. 
 
 The top one of these two trinities is of the men whose names will l)e the most prominently mentioned in history aa 
 opponents of Gladstone's policy of Home Rule for Irclamt : Joseph Chaml>erlain, the Marquis of Salisbury and Arthur J. 
 Palfour. Salisbury is the bald-heade<' man; Balfour's hair is jiartcd in the middle. — "Carmen Sylva," a dabbler m 
 literature, is Queen Blizabeth of Roumania, wife of the reigning Kinc. Charles I. Ferdinand is "their son and hdr 
 to the throne. He came near losing the succession by reason of liis infatuation for Mile. Vacaresco, one of his mother's 
 fluids of honor. 
 
 «6 
 
INFANTA EULALIA.— Infanta is the title borne by a princess of the royal house of Spain. The Infanta Eulalia, 
 whose beautiful portrait is before you, came to America to represent the Spanish monarchy at the great Columbian 
 Exposition. She proved to be a young lady of intelligence, good sense and democratic notions, and was royally 
 received at the national capital, at the seat of the wonderful Exposition, and wherever she appeared in public. Her 
 name is Infanta Marie-Eulalia-Franjoise D'Assise-Marguerite-Roberte-Isabelle-Fransoise De Paule-Christine-Marie- 
 
 De La Prete, etc. 
 
 57 
 
POPE LEO XIII. BORNE IN THE SEDIA OESTATORIA Karly iii 1S93 the Toih; iiu ^roupof 
 
 cardinals, rcsuiningon the occasion the magnificent ccroinoiiial of the times when his office w.l^ lU-d with 
 
 temporal sovereignty. The function was celebrated in the Sistine Chapel anil attended by caniinals in their 
 splendid robes, and a host of other ecclesiastics. Double ranks of the guarda nohilf in raediccval uniform 
 added pomp and the suggestion of power to the scene. When the age<l pontiff appeareil, Ixjrne abo\T the 
 princely throng on the scdia f^estaloria, cheers accompanied the unwonted spectacle. His head was decked 
 with a richly jcwele<l satin mitre, lined with crimson damask. He wore a cope of cloth of gold embroideiy. 
 The illustration represents the procession of the Pope to the altar at St. Peter's, in 1888, when he celebrated k 
 special mass iu the presence of twenty thooaaud French, Austrian aud Slav pilgrims. 
 
 S8 
 
TWENTY QREAT ARTISTS. — To name these eminent people as they have been arranged by- 
 number and without regard to chronology, is all that can be done in the space allotted for this para- 
 graph. Their mention excites a species of interest which is refining and elevating. The debt to true 
 artists can never be paid. Only less than religion, their work, as that of eminent writers, orators and 
 musicians, lifts the spirit above the limits of time and space, into the infinite of beauty, light and love 
 whence it came and whither is its destiny, i Raphael. 2 Correggio. 3 Rembrandt. 4 A. Van Dyck. 
 5 Michael Angelo. 6 Sir Joshua Reynolds. 7 Meissonier. 8 Verestchagin. 9 Munkacsy. 
 10 Bouguereau. 1 1 Marcus Stone. 12 Holman Hunt. 13 Hogarth. 14 Von Piloty. 15 Rosa Bonheur. 
 16 Millet. 17 Alma-Tadema. 18 Burne-Jones. 19 E. Detaille. 20 Sir David Wilkie. 
 
 59 
 
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TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS AT PERIL STRAITS.— Peril Straits, Alaska, is also frequented by tourists, autl the 
 above is an animated view of a party of them engaged with their Kodaks in taking views in that region. 
 
 STEAHER AND MUIER GLACIER. — Muier Glacier, Alaska, is a popular resort for tourists, as the bays and 
 straits in the vicinity are the favorite grounds for those engaged in the seal fisheries. 
 
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OLD FUR STORE. — The above is a view of an old fur store in existence before the cession of Alaska to tlie United States. 
 
 GREEK CHURCH AT SITKA. — Sitka is the residence of a Greek Bishop, and the above is a view of a primitive 
 Greek Church there. Of course, Sitka, like all the old towns and business localities in Alaska, have rapidly progressed 
 during the past twenty years. 
 
 67 
 
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 niD-DAY REST IN THE DESERT BETWEEN MOUNT SINAI AND AKABA, ARABIA The scene of 
 
 dreary desolation portrayed probably appears now just as when, many centuries ago, Moses led Israel through the 
 same desert. At the head of a caravan, probably of three million people, the great lawgiver was guided by Divine 
 wisdom in the exercise of his authority over them, and water and food were miraculously provided for their support. 
 We read that their garments did not wear out, and that noonday heats and nocturnal darkness were modified respec- 
 tively by the pillar of a cloud and the pillar of fire. These facts in the Biblical account of the wanderings of the 
 Children of Israel in the wilderness afford a strong contrast to the scene of the illustration, which is destitute of any 
 interest, beyond its artistic merit, of a poetic, much less, supernatural order. For business or fancy a few Englishmen 
 cross the desert, escorted by a hired dragoman, and the scene is an everyday incident. 
 
 69 
 
QREEK CHURCH. CONVENT OF ST, CATHARINE, MOUNT SINAI. ARABIA.-IWt«^n the Gulf of Sum 
 
 and (iulf of Akaha and IxniiuU-d In- tin- desert on Ihc north is the iK-ninsuln of Sinai. The mass of rtigjjttl heights, 
 which is its chief initnrnl feature, is marked by three distinct mountains, of which that of St. Catherine, more than ^,500 
 feet above the level of the sea, is l)elieve<l by ninny to be the ".secret lop" whence was gix-cn the Ten Commandments. 
 It has two {leaks, one Horeb, the other JelwlMusn,' or Mount of Moses. .\t the foot of the sccon<l named, situated in 
 a ravine, is the convent of St. Catherine. founde<l by the limjieror Ju.stinian, nlxitit 527 A. I)., and now the home of 
 twenty monks. The sublime .story of Ivlijah in the wilderness (I Kings xix) is commemorated by a chapel on the 
 mountain side, known as that of St. Klias, and the Little Pilgrims Church stands on tlic summiL ^ 
 
 70 
 
BEDOUIN SHEIKH AND STAFF, PETRA, ARABIA.— The remains of the ancient city of Tetra are in 
 northern Arabia, in a region designated in the Bible as the Valley of Edoni. They are enclosed by beetling heights, 
 one of which is Mount Hor, where Aaron, brother of Moses, died. The first inhabitants of this grim valley were 
 called Horim, or dwellers in caves, and these same caves are now the haunts of Bedouin Arabs, whose chiefs are 
 virtually independent sovereigns conmianding hordes of semi-savage, but dignified retainers, always ready for some- 
 thing profitable to do, be it service as guides, adventure, plunder, or, if need be, conflict. After its destruction by the 
 Mohammedans Petra was unknown for 1,200 years. Its ruins are objects of great interest to antiquarians. 
 
 71 
 
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ALABASTER CROSSES, BOLIVIA. — Tliis superb v-iew presents a woiuU-r williout jwrallol in sculp'urc. The 
 three crosses which ornament the Catholic church at Copacohana, Rolivia, anil which are of iinnicniie height and 
 proportion, are of pure alabaster, cut solidly and of excjuisite finish. They represent an untold amount of labor and 
 the highest artistic skill. They are reganie<l as jwculiarly sacnxl, and no one is allowed to approach them except in a 
 kneeling posture. The sum involvc<l in their sculpture and erection must have been enormous. They are justly 
 regarded as one of the greatest curiosities of Bolivian travel. 
 
 86 
 
CLOTH MADE BY THE INCAS OF BOLIVIA The Indian population of Bolivia show considerable ingenuity 
 
 in weaving the cloths of bright colors which are used in dress for both sexes. Their choice of patterns is shown 
 very clearly in the engraving. The llama and kindred creatures, both wild and domestic, furnish them with aa 
 abundance of wool for the various fabrics produced by their ingenious industry. Ponchos, often of striking pattern and 
 brilliant tints, are picturesque cloaks worn universally by men, and are nothing but shawls with a hole cut in the 
 centre through which the head is thrust. Simplicity and considerable grace surely show no more admirable associatioa 
 
 tbun in this instance. , 
 
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SACRED VIRGIN OF CAPACABANA, BOLIVIA.— The town of Capacabana is a calling-place for steamers 
 running on Lake Titicaca, which large body of water is 13,000 feet above the level of the sea. There is nothing 
 particularly interesting about the place, it consisting, for the greater part, of mud huts with straw roofs, excepting its 
 large brick church, the towers of which are curiously ornamented with tiles. Within the edifice is the sacred virgitt 
 shown in the picture, an immaculate lady duly honored at certain seasons of the year by the visits of great throngs of 
 pilgrims, who, it is hoped, are edified by the contemplation of her virtues. 
 
 89 
 

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VICTORIA, VANCOUVER'S ISLAND, DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 Seven provinces form the Dominion of Canada, each of which has a separate parliament and administration, with 
 a lieutenant-governor appointed by the governor-general, who is at the head of the entire confederation and is himself 
 an appointee from the United Kingdom. Each province has full powers to regulate its own local affairs and to dispose 
 of its revenues, subject to restrictions imposed to maintain the supremacy of the central government. The province 
 of Quebec has a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly, this consisting of sixty-five members.— Vancouver"* 
 Island is a part of British Columbia, one of the seven Canadian provinces, and Victoria is its principal city and port. 
 
 95 
 
THE CITADEL AT QUEBEC, CANADA — This fortress is located on the heights of the plain. „ 
 
 covers, with its works, an area of forty acres. The town is built arouiui the base of Cape Diaiuond. An attempt was 
 made by the Americans to capture it in 1775, but it failed on account of the accidental death of General Montgomery- 
 who commanded the force. ' 
 
 ICE SHOVE AT MONTREAL, CANADA — DurinR thewitii , 11; of Montreal Ubarricaded 
 
 with ice, as seen above. An ice shove at Montreal is more frightful to liehold thnii those in tlie Delaware, Susquehaon* 
 and Schuylkill Rivers, but rarely more destructive, as the break-up of the ice ia the spring is not confined to narrow 
 fcouuds as it flows out. 
 
 M 
 
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA, FROM CITADEL, LOOKING EAST. 
 
 VIEW OF HALIFAX FROH THE CITADEL. 
 
 The population of Halifax, N S., was increased not a few after the Revolutionary War by Tories who could not 
 content themselves to live under an independent government in the United States, and accordmgly migrated to a City 
 within the dominions of King George. In the second war with Great Britian, Halifax was a place of importance to 
 the English The "Chesapeake" was taken there a prisoner by the victorious "Shannon" after the terrible fight 
 off Boston in which the noble Lawrence fell. In the event of a war between England and Russia, Halifax would b 
 the port used in the transportation of British troops to Central Asia partly by the Canadian Pacific Railwav. 
 
 97 
 
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^..^ ^.AKi-TA   iiriA CANTIAflO CHILI The wonderful antl unique plousuregioumU 
 
 SPANISH COAT OF ARMS, SANTA LUCIA. SAN llAUU v,n ui .nc eminent w-riter. omlor ana 
 
 of the Chi ian capital, know., as Sa.Ua Luo.a. were provule,! ""f,f; "'> /'^'^^.^eara^ was indeevU happy thought 
 
 atate^ma,^ Henjanlin Vienna MacKenna w o was Ooven,« of ^^^^^^^^^ ^,^ ^^^. {^^o . ^rt 
 
 to transfonn a barren brown rock, ,^2"^J\X'V to the Cit^ BatUen,ente<l buildings art: U,e conspicuous «'^fic«» 
 nresenting an '^"^^^^^^■^^^^i Sen oth^ picture, a ^ood opportunity to honor the motherland. bp«n. 
 t" u^;gTerr;tTars"a«s :','. oniamelTt rolling proud a?^d chivaln^c memones. 
 
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POST-OFFICE AT VALPARAISO, CHILI. 
 
 PALAIIAL RESIDENCE AT VALPARAISO, CHILL— The finest private hoUM..s in 
 Vali)araiso are situated on Victoria Street, which is a centre of great wealth and luxur\-. Its 
 name suggests Ivnglish influence, which predominates in Chili, trade ami commerce and the 
 other progressive elements in Chilian life In-ing chiefly due to the enterprise of our British 
 cousins, many of whom are residents of Valparaiso, and Knglish is the prevailing language of 
 the city. Two generations ago ValjMiraiso was one street on the edge of the liarl)or ; now it is 
 a wealthy place with 130,000 inhahitnnts. I';uro])ean steamers on their way from New Zealand 
 and Australia call there, as well as tho.se from Panama and San Francisco. The post-office has 
 business with many countries t>c.sides Chili and is managed with the ability proper to its import- 
 ouce as a receiver and distributer of a large and international correspondence. 
 
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GARDEN OF HONO KONG, HONG KONG, CHINA. 
 
 ENGLISH QUARTER, CITY OF HONG ICONG, CHINA. 
 
 The recent decision of the United States Supreme Court, that the "Geary Law," for the exclusion of the Chinese 
 ;« valid has created more or less interest in China, its people, and their manners and customs. China hopes, however, 
 that the threatened evil may be averted. — The English q^uarters selected by the subjects of Queen Victoria in the city 
 of Hong Kong, China, exhibits excellent discretion on their part, for it is one of the most delightfully pleasant spots in 
 or about that city. 
 
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THE PUBLIC i AINS AT QUITO, ECUADOR. -Within a radius of fifty miles from 
 
 Quito a score of monarch mountains raise their snow crowned heads ; but, though embosomed 
 at an Alpine height above the level of the sea, the prevailing landscape around the city is of 
 low ranges of green hills. Water is brought miles by carriers for the use of those who can 
 afford to buy it, but the chief source of supply is from the public fountains. That peon with 
 the burden is carrying a roll of the matting made in the country. The population of Quito 
 usually is given as far greater than it actually is, and is probably under 40,000. Its low, balconied 
 houses are white-washed, and their red-tiled roofs project over the streets some distance. These 
 are laid out at right angles, and are not more than twenty feet wide. A spring climate is enjoyed 
 throughout the year, and not a chimney is seen in the city. Cooking is done out of doors by 
 the side of walls. Indians and people of mixed or European descent constitute the bulk of the 
 inhabitants, of whom those who possess the means affect the European style of dress. 
 
SIRKEI IN BUBNOS AYRBS, ARUBNTINB RBPUBLIC— Approaching the city by 
 sea the tourist sees only church towers and a few proiiiiueiil buildings, and hardly realizes' that 
 Buenos Ayres is as large as Boston. Behind it a plain reaches 800 miles tmck to the Andes. 
 Hence the insigniticant appearance of tlie capital of the Argentine Republic, which had only 
 5CX3 inhabitants 200 years ago, but is now known as the Chicago of the soutliern continent. 
 Generally speaking, its streets are narrow and poorly pavtxl, but regularly laid out in squares. 
 Boulevards cutting the city diajjonally relieve the other thoroughfares of niiich traffic. Dwelling- 
 houses are of brick, sha|)cd like those of the northern continent, but having their window* 
 barred with iron. Some residences have a court with fountains, foliage and frnjfrant flowers. 
 — Contrasting with the modern ap|x.-aniiice of Buenos Aytes, the Capital at yuito i.s an old, 
 long, columned structure of brick an*l .stucco. On the i^round floor are wHne sliops, on the 
 second the post-ofiice and a telegraph office, and on the Uurd the two halls of Congrew. 
 
POST STATION BETWEEN AMBATO AND QUITO. 
 
 THE ROYAL ROAD FROM BODEQAS TO QUARANDA, ECUADOR.—" The Royal 
 Road," eminently so called, is from Bodegas to Guaranda, P^cuador. Those ridges which give 
 character to the scene are named camellones. They cross the track at right angles, and are said 
 to have been formed by the tread of mules and other animals. A recent traveler speaks of 
 typical examples having each a furrow of liquid mud upon each side of a ridge of slippery soil, 
 with a difference of two feet or more between the top of the ridge and the bottom of the 
 furrow, and man and beast struggle over the one and wallow in the other. — From Ambato to 
 Quito is seventy-five miles, a two days' trip by coach, with an intermediate post station, as 
 shown in the picture. Six mules constitute the team, driven by the help of vociferation, pebbles 
 thrown at the leaders, a long-handled whip applied to the second pair and a short-handled one 
 to the wheelers. 
 
 121 
 
THE SECOND NILE CATARACT.— After the Nile receives iu liist tributon,-. it ttows 600 miles through the 
 Nubian desert. It then breaks into five magnificent Cftturacts, the last of which is at Assouan, and the second, which is 
 before yon, at its entrance into the Wftdy (ravine) Haifa, 200 miles above the first. While any and all of thcste cataracts 
 are fatal to navigation by large boats seeking to stem the .swift currents, they may be <lesccnde<l by light vessels with 
 comiMirative safety if they are skillfully Imndlcil. The second cataract is the swiftest and most dangerous of all, since 
 tlie seething, dashing waters are closely confine<l in a ileep ranne, whose edges and bottom are a succession of bold 
 rocks, about which the currents play in great fury. 
 
 122 
 
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BOATING ON THE NILE.— Egypt is not prolific in ri\-er8, the Nile Ijcing the only one of anv magnitude, and 
 therefore boating there is a favorite aiuf expensive t>astitne. At seasons, however, the Nile is not a \-ery pleasant stream 
 to navigate, nor a very safe one, as at times it is citlier almost dry or a raging, rushing stream. It has fts cradle in the 
 Victoria Nyaiiza, an enonnous lake in Central Africa. The great feature of the Nile is the Murchison Fall, where the 
 river rages furiously through a rock-hound pjuss and plunges at one leap no feet into a gloom v alivss ; when below this 
 point, continuing between steep forest-covered hills, it gradually calms down into a stream so slow and steady that at 
 certain seasons it is only from the scarcely perceptible drifting of little green water-plants that the flow can be o'bserved. 
 
 124 
 
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 All \AM)«IA, HGYPT, AFTER THE BOMBAklUN.i \n.i , iiN(i. 
 
 When Tewfik l)ecaiiie Khedive a cotntnissioii of French, German, Knclish, Austrian and Italian dclcf^tea drew 
 up a phin in favor of creditors of tlie IvKyptian government which placed it under bonds. These, whether justly 
 itn]>o.se<l or not, were oppressive to the tiixjiavere. Arabi l«i the mutinous Cairo garrisons, Tewfik weaken«l, the 
 National As,scnibly was convoketl and took the budget into its own hands, sub\-ertinK the dual control of Knglancl and 
 France. On June 1 1, 18S2, there was a nias.sHcre of Kuropeans in AIexan<lria, which wa« bombarded by the Rngtish 
 fleet on July 11, 1882. When Uie British landed they found the city looted. Arabi was soon overpowefcd. 
 
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A CHARGE OF ARAB CAVALRY. 
 
 EGYPTIAN SOLDIERS ON PARADE. 
 
 The top picture is after a celebrated painting by A. Schreyer. Perfect horsemen and skilled in the use of firearms, 
 the Arabs of northern Africa assisted, effectively, tlie protracted opposition to the concjuest of Algiers by the French. 
 At the present time the Sahara Desert is dotted with oases which are the dwelling-places of tribes who have 
 acknowledged rarely the supremacy of the Sultan of Morocco, and have watched eagerly for an opportunity to rise 
 against him. — In contrast with these courageous and freedom-loving sons of the desert, the raw material of the 
 Egyptian Army consists largely of the weakest of people, the native pea,sants. Their cowardice entailed terrible 
 consequences in the war against the rebellious Mahdi. Of late years, since the British occupation of Egypt, their 
 capability as soldiers has been improved greatly by the power of discipline exercised over them by English officers, 
 not have been wanting instances, in recent fights with the Soudanese, of the sense of united force overcoming the 
 natural timidity of the individual Egyptian soldier. 
 
 9 129 
 

 
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 ASCHNDINQ THE PYRAMIDS, EGYPT. —This pleasing scene represents the difficulUes of the traveler who is 
 ambitious to scale the pyramids of Kgypt. Time, weather inroads, the vandiilisni of conquerors and curiosity hunters, 
 have so distorted the former irregularities of pyramidal architecture as to make a trip to their summits ver}* much like 
 climbing over the boulders of Alp or Apennine. Yet hardy travelers do not consider an Egyptian visit perfect unleaa 
 they have gazed over the Nile valley from the top of the extraordinary structure at Gizeh, with its base of yao feet 
 square, and its height of 480 feet, and can say that they have stood on the peak of the most gigantic human work la 
 tbe world. ^^ 
 
THE STANDING OBELISKS, KARNAK, EQYPT.— Karnak is the name of the village built on the ruins of 
 ancient Thebes. Little is left of this ancient capital, the city of a hundred gates, "as sung by Homer." Two colossal 
 statues of Rameses II. are lying prone on the ground, and the Temple of Sarapis is full of archaeological interest. 
 This is the famous Temple of the Sacred Bulls honored by the ancient Egyptians as successive incarnations of Osiris. 
 While they lived they inhabited the Temple of Aphis, and after their death and embalmment they were buried in a 
 temple made in the desert for the reception of their mummies. The sight of this structure was discovered in 1850, by 
 M. Mariette ; and afterward the sands hiding the ruins were removed. Readers who have seen the obelisk in the 
 Central Park, New York, will be quite at home with the principal objects shown in the illustration, which, like that, 
 have engraved upon them characters very tantalizing to the unlearned. 
 
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FOUNTAIN OF- AIJLU 1 IONS, no.SyUl- Ol" SULTAN HASSAN, CAIRO, hU^PI. L.iro, «iiicti 
 is nothing if not pious, has 400 inosmics, the chief one of which is at the end of the Boulcvanl Mohammed- 
 Ali, close to the citadel. Its founder was the Sultan Hassan, who was so verv pleased with it upon its 
 completion that lie cut off both the architect's hands so as to make sure he could not plan a stnicturt; to 
 connx,-te with it in excellence of desiK". After ascending a few steps von jjass tlirough a lofty hall and 
 (flooiny corridor into the ^reat central court of the mostpie, built of marble, a quadrangle in form', immenae 
 in size and magnificent in ap])earance. Rach of the sides has an arched recess wherein the faithful rest 
 and pray, after performing due ablutions and making certain ejaculatory pravers at the fountain, and 
 leaving their slippers on the matting. The fountain, descrilKHl as once a miracle of Saracenic art, is foot 
 going to destruction. Kl Nasir liassau sleeps within the great house which he built. 
 
 140 
 
THE MOSQUE OF MOHAMMED-ALI, CAIRO, EQYPT.— Elsewhere is described the mosqae of Sultan Hassan, 
 
 ■which, though stiinller than the one here pictured, is the handsomer buiUliuK of the two. As its name implies, the 
 mosque of Mohatnined-Ali is of comparatively recent construction, and it has the faults of modem Arabic aichitecturt, 
 offending good taste bv gnrishness, tawdriness and the too profuse use of ornament Its situation and the majesty of 
 its dimensions connnand the attention of tourists, however, and the view from its terrace is magnificent All Cairo and 
 its suburbs are included within its scope, the Nile flows lielow, and in the distance glare the yellow sands of the desert, 
 while the Lybian hills raise their desolate heads in the fierce light of the Egyptian atmosphere. Mohammed-AU waft 
 buried in Uie mosque named after him. 
 
MINARETS OF A MOSQUE, CAIRO, EQYPT.— What we call the church steeple is the minaret of the 
 mosque. Most mosques have several minarets. In these the Oriental builder is seen at his best, as regards both 
 design and detail, many of them being exquisite specimens of his skill. The muezzin is the officer whose business it is 
 to chant the invitations to prayer, at sunrise, at noon, three hours before sunset, at sunset, an hour and a half after 
 sunset, and at intervals during the night, these last not obligatory. During the daytime he chants the words, " God 
 is great," repeated four times ; " I testify that there is no deity but God," repeated twice ; "I testify that Mohammed 
 is God's prophet," twice; "Come to prayer," twice; "Come to security," twice; "God is most great," twice; 
 "There is no deity but God." In the night his calls begin with the assertion that "Prayer is better than sleep." 
 Bvery faithful Mussulman spreads out his mat and prays the moment the muezzin's call reaches his ears. 
 
 143 
 
HORSE MERCHANT OF CAIRO. EOYPT.— An oUl and ubiquitous story— that ot showing off the spirit and pace* 
 of the horse to the best advunUiK*.', ami men watching the scene with the air'and attitude of a wisdom most profound. 
 In its main features the acene in the picture is lus famihar in I'hiladelpliia and New York as iu Cairo, and sutq^esti cwry- 
 where and in all times the same tale of successful trickery and defraudeil sclf<onceit. 'Tis an old amusement to contrast 
 tie nobility of the horse with the degradation of the man who makes merchandise of him. OuLsidc of the interest in 
 the expecte<l sale, which is shared keenly bv the woman who looks down into the strtct from a window, the illustration 
 has extraordiimry merit as showing a bit of the city with such iaithfulucas of architectural detail aa the moat ob»crvaat 
 visitor would probably fail to note. 
 
 144 
 
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HIS CAPTIVE. — Philip H. Calderon, an English artist, gave the world the original of this fine engraving. An 
 oriental warrior contemplates his beautiful captive, whom the chances of battle have made his own. No consideration 
 other than that of his own gratification, not even the humble beseechings of maidenly innocence, influences him. Her 
 destiny is slavery to his desires, an example of the cruel consequences of war as it was practiced universally until modified 
 in the more advanced nations by a humane regard to the interests of non-participants. Mr. Calderon was bom at 
 Poitiers, France, and is of Spanish descent. He was educated partly in France and partly in England, and is a 
 naturalized Englishman. His first painting, " By the Waters of Babylon," exhibited at the Royal Academy, gave him 
 distinction as long ago as 1853, 
 
 161 
 
GARDEN FRONT OF WINDSOR CASTLE. 
 
 GENERAL VIEW OF THE TOWER OF LONDON. 
 
 The ganlens fronting Windsor Castle, as shown in the present view, are the Italian gardens. They are 
 artistically laid out and ititers]K'rsed with pieces of statuary. Tlie Tower of London has not been a royal palace 
 since the reign of Chnrles II., who dieil in 1685. Its exterior is best Wewwi from Tower Hill, which wa.s" tile place 
 of execution of ninny eminent persons decapitate*! from 13S8 to 1747. Komicrlv a moat surroundeil the Tower, the 
 buildings of which cover twelve acres, with the grounds conneclc<l with thcin a space of twcntv-six acres. There ia 
 a tradition that Julius Ciesar began the Tower, but it is doul)te<l that anv part of the present structure was ia 
 exi.stence prior to the Norman coiKiuest, 1066. William the Con<iueror built the White Tower, or Keep, in 1078 ; St 
 Thonins'8 Tower was added in the next two reigns, and in the reign of Richard I. and his nephew, Henry IIL, 
 extensive additions were made. The greater part of the edifice as it now .stands is of architecture not later than 
 1275, the year in which Henry HI. died. A great part of the histor>- of Kngland might be written from tlie sad 
 itories of prisoners in the Tower of London, native and foreign ; the unfortunate in war and tH>litical intrigue, and 
 the victims of ambition, jealousy, hiitre<l and jK-rseculion. The vi.sitor enters the building under the Middle Tower, 
 which is defended by gates and a iK>rtciillis. He sees the Byewnrd Tower, the Traitors Gate or Sir Thomas's 
 Tower, the Hlootly Tower, where Ivlwnnl V. and his brother we're smothered bv command of their uncle, aflenranl 
 Richiird III. ; aiul delays at the Reeonl, or Wakefield Tower, because he finds here on view the crown iewels,-incll»i> 
 iug that glorious aggregation which adorned the head of Queen Victoria on her Coronation Day. 
 
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MODERN ATHENS. — Capital of Greece, beautifully situated on a plain running back from the Saronic Gulf 
 to the magnificent heights of Lycabetus, 919 feet high, whose summit is crowned by the chapel of St. George, and 
 whose range embraces the Acropolis, Areopagus, Pnyx and Museium. The site is highly suggestive of that glorious 
 past when Athens was the seat of the world's learning, philosophy and art. 
 
 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, LONDON.— This fine view presents the new Houses of Parliament, London, 
 built 1840-57, upon the site of old Westminster Chapel. Their Thames, or river, front is 940 feet, and they cover eight 
 acres. Within are 1 1 courtyards, 500 apartments, 18 official residences, and the two great Halls of Commons and 
 i<ords. The architecture is gothic. 
 
THE CASTLE FROM ST. CUTHBERT'S CHURCHYARD, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND. 
 
 York is (li.slinKuishe<l anioiiR Knglish cathedral cities because it possesses, in its Minster, the finest piece of Gothic 
 
 arch.twture ... the vyhole country, which is richly strewn with reliS^of a dewul past si. Mar^••s is'^a^therTiS 
 
 !il.w Kv '.. .' ""'^"1 "'"K'"('9''"7 »'«•■' ''qxirtcl by slow dcKnTes as en%-ious Ti.ne has un.ien..ine,I its columns and 
 
 I^t^f^i^y. , ^i'?- '•~t'^.>^7"' "' "X '^"^\ '^'■"^''y ""« <■""" " A"l<« Reekie." as the Scotch .leliRht to call thSt 
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HOTEL DES INVALIDES, PARIS, FRANCE.— This building was begun by Louis XIV. in 1674, after .icsigns 
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 rests the mortal remains of Napoleon I., which were removed from St. Helena in 1840, with demonstrations exceedingly 
 significant of the itnpression the career of the great soldier and statesman had made on the mind of the French 
 nation. I.^uis I'hilip])e was king at the time. The arrangement he made with the English Go\-crnmcnt pro\-iding for 
 the riinoval of the Ixnly of the IvmiK-ror was the most popular act of his adimiiislratioii, which, it will be remciiilwred, 
 ended iu his ignominious fliifht from Paris iu 1848. 
 
 173 
 
TOMB OF NAPOLEON, PARIS, FRANCE.— The tomb of the great Corsican stands under the dome of the 
 Invalides, in a circular space beneath the richly decorated cupola. It is of Finland granite, presented by the Czar 
 Nicholas. Napoleon's remains were taken to France from St. Helena, in 1841, and buried with much pomp. 
 Surrounding the great cupola are four smaller ones, in which are tombs of Joseph Bonaparte, Jerome Bonaparte, his 
 eldest .son, and the Princess Catherine of Wurtemberg. Two other cupolas are empty. It is suggested that Napoleon 
 III. and his son would find fitting resting places in these. 
 
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CHURCH OF THE MADELEINE. PARIS, FRANCE.-The Mn.lolcinc wns hoRtin in 1764 Work on it was 
 
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 themselves with their heavy uiurble wings. " * •- »'~«wwuig 
 
 182 
 
STAIRWAY OF THE GRAND OPERA HOUSE. FRANCE.-Many European capitals vie with each other in 
 that species of architecture adapted to the requirements of a perfect opera house. When the merits of all are conceded, 
 the Grand Opera House at Paris stands readily to the front as the most elegant and complete on the Continent, if not in 
 the world. The beautiful and striking view before you is the one which dazzles the beholder as he seeks to 'ascend to 
 the mner halls and galleries. The expanse, symmetry, comfort and ornamentation of this marble approach are the 
 remark of every visitor, and for the time being one is lost to the graceful columns, elegant sculptures and mazy 
 reflections of the upper corridors. 
 
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GARDENS OF THE LUXEMBOURQ, PARIS.— For generations the gardens of the Luxembourg have been 
 regarded as the prettiest and pleasantest spot in all Paris — the best type of palace pleasure grounds to be seen there. 
 John Evelyn praised them, and the palace too, in terms almost enthusiastic. Diderot and Rousseau enjoyed deliglitful 
 walks in this lovely place. In the Reign of Terror crowds of people were wont to assemble in the gardens in the hope 
 to catch probably the last sight of their friends confined as prisoners in the palace, but who were allowed sometimes to 
 show themselves at the windows. On December 7, 1815, Marshal Ney, "the bravest of the brave," was executed at the 
 end of the garden enclosure. King Louis Philippe placed statues here and there in the gardens, one of the chief 
 ornaments of which is the fountain of Marie de M6dicis. The palace was built for this historic personage, under the 
 direction of Jacques Debrosse, between the years 1615 and 1620. 
 
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BED OF NAF>OLEON I., FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE.— Fontaiiicblcau 1537 miles d istaiit from Paris and attracts 
 numerous visitors by its forest and historic chateau, of wliich considerable detail is given elsewhere in this royal gallery. 
 The great Napoleon took a prominent part in contributing to its splendor and magnificence. Suniptuousness hardly 
 has found more elaborate expres.sion than in his bedchamber at Fontainebleau, between which and the hardships of his 
 life as a military leader an interesting contrast might be instituted. When, in 1814, he signed his abdication in this 
 venerable palace of the French sovereigns be bade what proved to be an eternal good-bye to the enjoyment of imperial 
 pomp and state, his life, after his return from Elba, being one of incessant military activity. The affecting scene whea 
 ne bade the Imperial Guard good-bye took place at Fontainebleau. 
 
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'■'.I *•■ '..• <■■►<!   
 
 MARIE ANTOINBTTE ON HER WAY TO EXECUTION.— Marie Aiiloinelte, Uie wife 
 of I/niis XVI., was a daughter of Marie Theresa of Austria. She was bom on the second of 
 November, 1755, was married to Louis on the sixteenth of May, 1770, and became Qiieen on 
 the <leath of Louis XV., in May, 1774. She was noted for her extravagance in <lrfss and her 
 pa.ssion for the card-table. Her love of amusement, her intimacy with tne Polignacs, her night 
 visits to masked balls and the scandal of the <liatnond necklace, in which she was not to blnmc, 
 spread her name with infamy all over France, and the j>eople regardol her extravagance as 
 the cause of their poverty and want. But she was not delMinchctl and dissipated ; her faults 
 weie that she was frivolous and careless of public opinion. She was guillottnea on the sixteenth 
 of October, 179,^, atiout nine months after the execution of her husband. It is hanl to speak 
 of Marie Antoinette with justice, her faults were caused by her etlucation and position rather 
 than her nature, and she expiated them far more bitterly tlian was deserved. 
 
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A FRENCH ZOUAVE.— This is a splendid type of the French Zouave soldier, in stature, arm and marching 
 equipment. The word Zouave is Arabic, and is applied to the warlike tribe of Kabyles, in Algiers, who were hired as 
 soldiers by the rulers of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. When the French conquered Algiers, in 1830, they retained the 
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 costume was retained, but the European arms and discipline took the place of those formeriy in use. 
 
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EDOUARD DBlAtLLh^S "SURPRISED IN A CHATEAU."— Detaille was born in 1848, at Paris. 
 (He was a pupil of Meissonier, and, like him, has made his fame as a military painter. During the Franco- 
 German war he was one of the secretaries of General Appert. and made drawings which were of use in the 
 conduct of military operations. He was one of the founders of the Society of French Water-Color Painters. 
 In 188 1, additional to other well-earned distinctions, he was made an officer of the Legion of Honor. In the 
 remarkable picture under view Detaille shows the advance guard of a body of French troops who have caught 
 German soldiers in an old country house. Evidently the Germans sought the interior of the building in a 
 hurry, as witness the knapsack and helmet left at the foot of the steps. 
 
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 AFTER THE BATH. 
 
 The smaller of tlie two pictures is after a painting by Klizabeth Thompson Butler — one which earned her fCtvA 
 celebrity. When Napoleon I. crossed the frontier into Belgium, on June 15, 1815, his hope was to defeat the armies 
 of Wellington and Bliicher one at a time. Acrordingly, on the following day, he attacked the Prussians at I.igny, and 
 ordered Ney to watch the British under Wellington, who were at Quatre Bras. Napoleon was succcs.sfu I, but Ney'« 
 vigorous attacks could not overcome the steady courage of the Rnglisli lines, and he was repulsc<l. The defeat of 
 Bliicher induced Wellington to form his lines at Waterloo, where he would be able to cover Brussels and to keep up 
 communication with the I'russian anny. Napoleon attacked him there on Sunday, June 18, unsuccessfully, and 
 Bliicher's advent towards the end of tlie dav enabled tlie British {^neral to order that united advance of the allied 
 armies which routed the French. — " After the Bath," by G. Boldini, is a scene from the harem. A beauty, fatigued by 
 her ablutions, rests luxuriously, while her Ktliiopian slave collects her dainty apparel. The strong contrmsta in the 
 picture are wrought out with admirable mastery. 
 
 206 
 
FRONT VIEW OF CASINO AT MONTE CARLO. 
 
 THE TAJ MAHAL, AGRA, HINDOSTAN. 
 
 Monte Carlo is a small town in the territory of Monaco, celebrated for its games of chance, carried on in the 
 building of which an illustration is given. The property belongs to a joint-stock company. About a thousand 
 persons are employed in the building and gardens, and four hundred thousand visitors try their luck at Monte 
 Carlo every year. Monaco is a principality on the Mediterranean Sea, about nine miles from Nice.— In the Taj 
 Mahal, Agra, India, the architecture of India finds its choicest and best expression. It was erected by Shah Jehan, 
 who began to reign in 1628, as a mausoleum of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The body of the Emperor 
 himself lies by her side. Twenty thousand men worked twenty years to build this " mystic monument of love, " 
 which overlooks the River Jumna. Impressive at all times on account of its supreme architectural loveliness, its 
 immaculate white walls and graceful proportions appear to singular perfection in the pale starlight 
 , 207 
 
BURNING OF JOAN OP ARC, FRANCE This touching scene closes the life of one of the 
 
 most reniiirkiible personages in history. Horn h ]K-asant of Lorraine, rcare<l only to tend her father's 
 sheep in the forests of Doinreniy, she became convinceil that site was the virgin whom tradition 
 pointed ont as the deliverer of I'rance from the hands of the English. She aov^ ''t out the young 
 and dis.sip«tcd Dauphin, got his consent to lend an amiy to the rescue of Orleans ••«<' so inspireil her 
 troops that the Ivtiglish were forced to retire. She repeati-*! such victories scNX-ral times, but was 
 finally taken prisoner by the KnglLsli, who tried her as a heretic and sorcerer under llie rules of the 
 Inquisition, and sentenced her to death. She was burned at the stake in the streets of Rouen, M"v 
 J". 143I. 
 
 "08 
 
THE VISION OF JOAN OF ARC. — Joan, born at Domremy in 1409, was six years old when the 
 English king, Henry V., gained- his great victory at Agincourt, in which the flower of French chivalry 
 bit the dust. The good fortune of the invaders was continued after the death of Henry at Vincennes, 
 in 1442, and of his vassal, Charles VI., in the same year ; and in 1424, after the victory, of the English at 
 Verneuil over the united forces of Erance and Scotland, the condition of France was indeed abject. 
 The woes of her country made a deep impression on the heart of the young shepherdess Joan, to whom, 
 «he imagined, celestial visitants appeared, urging her to take sword in hand and rescue France from th(» 
 invader. She was introduced to Charles VII., and in 1429 she compelled the English to raise the siege 
 of Orleans, the first of a series of victories resulting in Charles being crowned at Rheims. Tlie next 
 year she was taken prisoner, and in 1431 burned as a witch at Rouen. English influence still decline<Jj, 
 and in 1436 Paris was recovered after having been held by the invader sixteen years. 
 
 :!09 
 
 »» 
 
UENEKAL VIKW OF MARSEILLES. 
 
 LON«CHAnPS PALACE, HARSI U 1 I S. 
 
 Marseilles is the chief port on the Mediterranean and of the great l.uu.innii Republic. Its foreign commerce i» 
 about seventy-five per cent of, that of all France. Marseilles is imlebtcil Kreatly to the enterprise of its inhabitants for 
 the excellence of its <locks and other works supplementary to its natural a<lvantnftes as a port. I^ngchamps Palace 
 was finished in 1870. Its centre is knovfn as the Ch&tcau d'Kau. In one of the win^ is a picture gallery of great 
 value ; in the other a museum of natural history. There is a Zoological Garden behind the palace. 
 
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FESTIVAL OF ST. ROCH, AN OLD CUSTOM IN SOUTH FRANCE. 
 
 "Whom did you see? Speak, child I Speali." 
 
 Miss Florence as Margaret Reed ; Wm. H. Crane as Benjamin Franklin Lawlon ; Miss O'Neill as Delphine Carodelet. 
 The picture ("Festival of St. Roch") is after Debat Ponson. It depicts the celebration of the day of St. Roch 
 in some parts of the south of France. On August i6, the farmers bring their cattle to the priest that he may bless 
 them and thus save them from disease, for St. Roch is the saint appealed to for protection from pestilence. The 
 illustration is exquisite, the more enjoyed the longer it is studied. A pair of young people in the foreground are 
 seemingly oblivious to the religious significance of the occasion, which is to them an opportunity of love-making they 
 cannot afford to disregard. — ^The second engra\'ing represents a scene in Mr. Paul M. Potter's "The American 
 Minister," which was sufficiently successful, as played at the Star Theatre, New York, to warrant the expectation of 
 better work from its author. 
 
 213 
 
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 LUTHER MONUMENT, DRESDEN, QERMANY.— Dresden, the capital of Saxony, is sometimes called the 
 " German Florence " on account of its pre-eminence in the ownership of objects of art. Perhaps no city in the world 
 has a larger or more valuable collection of paintings, statuary, gems, arms, porcelain, jewels and similar things than 
 Dresden, which is accordingly nmch affected by artists and their kind. It is meet that Dresden should have a noble 
 monument to one of the most gifted and great of Germans. He was, moreover, born in Saxony, at Eisleben, where, 
 also, he died in the year 1546, when 63 years of age. Luther was buried at Wittenberg. The great Protestant had 
 also no mean claim to recognition as a poet and a musician. 
 
 219 
 
QUTENBERO HOUSE, STRASBURd, GERMANY — A statue of Johann Gutenberg was erected in 1840 at 
 
 StrnshiirK, where he coiuhicteil his first ex^)eriiiieiits in the art of priiitini; from movable type. The Gutenberg 
 House is shown in the illustration. While it is true that the greatest of inventions was perfccte<i by Gutenberg at 
 Mayence, he did much ex})erimenting at Stra-sburg, of which city he was a resident from 1424 to 1440. He went into 
 business with two partners at Mayence in 1450, but withdrew from the partnership in 1455, one year before the 
 production of a copy of the Bible, the ^rst printed book, by Fust and Schofer, with whom he had been associated. 
 Thus he had nft part in the first work jiroduceil by the art he had invented. Strasburg, it will be remembered, ia tlw 
 capital of Alsace ami German Lorraine, and was a French city from 16H1 to 1U71. 
 
EMPEROR WILLIAM L, MOLTKE AND BISMARCK AT THE SIEGE OF PARIS. 
 
 1 IIFj, CONORnsS OF BERLIN, 1878. 
 
 Readers old enough will call to mind how severe was the winter of 1870-71, when the eyes of the world were 
 upon beleaguered Paris and the besieging German army. Within the city, cold and hunger had their myriad victims : 
 without, gallant men from across the Rhine endured hardness as good soldiers, many of them sleeping laid on tlie 
 frozen ground. The horrors of the campaign culminated in the suppression of the Commune. — The most celebrated 
 statesmen of Europe met at Berlin in 1878, after the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War, in the vain attempt to 
 settle the Eastern question, which is still open and a constant menace to the peace of Europe. Near the centre of 
 the picture. Prince Bismarck is shaking hands withGeneral Count Schouvaloff, of Russia. Beside Bismarck stands 
 Count Andrassy, of Austria. On the left of the illustration, seated, is Prince Gortchakoff, of Rus.sia, with his hand on 
 the right arm of the Earl of Beaconsfield, of England. Standing at the right of Gortchakoff is Count Karolyi, of 
 Austria. The last figure on the right is the Marquis of Salisbury. 
 
 221 
 
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DRACHENBURQ, A MODERN CASTLE ON THE RHINE. 
 
 THE CASTLE SONNECK, ON THE RHINE. 
 
 Byron's description of the Rhine, as seen above Cologne, is faithful and beautiful : 
 
 A blending of all beauties ; streams and dells, 
 
 Fruit, foliage, crag, wood, cornfield, mountain, vine, 
 , And chiefless castles breathing stern farewells 
 
 From gray but leafy walls, where Ruin greenly dwells. 
 On this page a contrast is presented by the modern castle Drachenburg and the grim ruins of Sonneck. This castle 
 answers fullj? to the poet's admirable word-painting. It is one of five castles in ruins seen from the summit of the 
 Schloss, and is said to have existed in its present condition since 1282. In that year it was demolished by the Emperol 
 Rudolph, of Hapsburg, as it was a robbers' den. The lords of Sonneck were among tlie most powerful nobles on the 
 •i)aiiks of the Rhine. 
 
 IS 
 
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DUCAL PALACE, BRUNSWICK, GERMANY. 
 
 THE SCHLOSS PLATZ AT STUTTGART, GERMANY. 
 
 Of the many fine buildings in Brunswick, the Ducal I'alace is the finest. The city is antique in 
 appearance, many of its houses being gabled wooden structures, centuries old. Where were formerly 
 grim fortifications are now lovely walks. The museum has a superb collection of paintings. — 
 Stuttgart, the capital of Wiirtemberg, is surrounded by gardens and vineyards, and is entered by an 
 avenue of poplars. It is one of the hand.somest of German cities, and is prosperous on account of its- 
 manufactures and industries. The people have access to a public library containing nearly half a 
 million volumes, and Stuttgart is otherwise rich in the possession of means of education and of culti- 
 vating the fine arts. Cannstadt, a favo'^te watering-place i's near this beautiful city, which is visiter 
 by manv Americans. 
 
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Bird's-eye View of Honolulu on the Day of Revolution. U. 5. Troops in Pos»e».<ion of the Field. 
 
 It was a proud day for the friends of republican government when they beheld the stars and stripes floating over 
 the government buildings at Honolulu, on the day of the revolution, ami tho birxl's-ej-e view of the city, with the U. S. 
 troops in possession, was a sight no less inspiring to the American inanl)itants. 
 
 •-•3tl 
 
JULES STEWART'S " SPRINQTIHE IN VENICE." 
 
 HAWAIIAN FEAST. 
 
 Jules Stewart's painting was exhibited at the Parisian Salon of 1892, when a critic said of it : "We have had many 
 Venices before, but in Mr. Stewart's ' Springtime in Venice,' we have not only a glimpse of the Bride of the Adriatic, 
 but the picture is bursting with spring. It is painted, too, with true art and with admirable light." — Some calabashe3 
 used in a Hawaiian feast are filled with poi and others with another kind of pastry-looking substance, consisting of 
 cocoanut and sweet potato. Crabs, boiled sweet potatoes, baked taro and breadfruit, raw fi,sh, live shrimps, the snake- 
 like squids, moderate sized bundles tied with ti leaves, and small piles of ground kukiii nuts and chopped onions are 
 other things in the fare provided. A roasted pig graces one end of the table, and mangoes, tamarinds, bananas, oranges, 
 and ohclos are spread along the counter. There are plates for all sometimes, but not a knife or fork to be seen. The 
 mysterious-looking bundles are untied and justice done the contents of mullet or chicken, cooked underground, in ti 
 leaves, and having all juices and flavors preserved. 
 
 2.'?7 
 
AMSTERDAH GATE, HAARLEn, HOLLAND.— Hnarleni, its iiatne transplanted to tlic New World and 
 
 sweetly familiar to a host of peoi)lf in Ni^w York City, it is a fine old town fourteen miles west of Ainsterdiini. The story 
 of the siege of Haarlem and its heroic defence is one of vhe most thrilling in history. When, in 1572, William of Orange 
 iieaded a general insurrection against the Spaniards, liaarieni was besieged by the Uuke of Alva, who took it in the 
 following year. Its garriaon of only four thousand men was augmented for the defence by all citizens capable of fighting 
 and by three thousand women. A.ssaults by the besiegers were repelled >»-ith the loss of ten thousand men to the 
 Spaniards, who,procee<led- to blockade the place. The I>utch having eaten everythiiiK eatable within the walls, were 
 preparing to cut their way oul when tlie Spaniards proposed the surrender of the town and fifty-seven of its citizens. 
 Three days after the acceptance of these conditions the Duke of Alva and l-ertiinand of Toledo Iiogan the perpetration of 
 a bloody revenge on the defenceless people, killing the fifty-seven to begin with and butchering two thousand othen. 
 
SLAUGHTER OF THE TEN THOUSAND, HOLLAND.— A Nederland scene horrible in all its details, yet one 
 not infrequent during the terrible days of the Inquisition. When Philip II. of Spain assumed the Nederland crown, he 
 introduced all the barbarities of the Spanish Inquisition. The whole lowland population of three million souls were 
 placed under the ban, and to the horrors of the stake were added those of the scenes before you, to-wit, the throwing 
 of thousands over a precipice and the final disposition of the maimed by means of the sword. Happily the spirit of the 
 - Reformation came on, which put an end to inquisitorial f radices. 
 
 23y 
 
THE PALACE AT AMSTERDAH, HOLLAND. 
 
 OLD WINDMILL AT HAARLEM, HOLLAND. 
 
 The late Kiii>{ William of the Nelhcrlaiids (lii<l on NoveiiilK-r 23, iSvSg, ami with his death the male line of the 
 house of Nassau-Orange became extinct. He was siiccee<led by Uilhehiiina, his daughter by his second wife who 
 was bom at the Hague, August 31, iNSo. She will not reach her nmjority until 189S Meanwhile the excculix-e of 
 the little kingdom is filled ably and acceptably by her mother, who was the Princess limma of \Valdeck-r\-nnont, 
 -when, in Jwiuu'v. 1879, at the ajj, -if twenty, ."he became the wife of William.— The old windmill needs no description. 
 
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GREAT QATE, MADURA TEMPLE, INDIA The Ti-itiplo, with its nvraiiiidal t<«vtrs is the glory of Madura 
 
 and ii woiidor of Hindu architocturc, Tiruniala {i6?5-59i was Hint one of the Nayak rulers who took tlie leading part 
 in the erection of this wonderful structure, de<licate<i to Sun<lareswara, l>ettcr rc'ineuilx-rcd as Siva, tlie thin! of the 
 gcKls constituting the Hindu Tri.id, and who rei)resents the character of Ijoth destroj-er and repro<lucer. The Triad it 
 thought of as an inseparable nnitv, and is representetl in statues by a figure having one Ixxlv and three heads, Rrahtnan 
 in the middle ; at his rii'hl Vishnii, and at his left Siva. The hall of the Temple, which had 997 pillars, is now in niina. 
 
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SERINQHAM PAUOUA, INDIA.— The superb structure here so artistically reproduced is one of the largest, 
 costliest and most magnificent of the temples of India. The style of architecture is not only Oriental, but it is peculiar 
 to buildings dedicated to Buddhic worship. The principle is that of a series of receding stories, not often exceeding 
 nine in number. Throughout all India, as far as to Siam, the facades of these stories and the angles they make with 
 one another, are highly ornamented with reliefs more or less fantastic, shells and costly stones. Their profusion is 
 simply bewildering, and their effect under the sunshine is most striking. 
 
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PALACE OF THE POPES AT AVIGNON, FRANCE. 
 
 THE PANTHEON AT ROME, ITALY. 
 
 The reader will find in another place a paragraph epitomizing that important chapter in modern history relating 
 io the period when the Papal court was at Avignon. Suffice it to add, that in the palace of the illustration at that lime 
 
 f;aiety surpassed itself, and the good things of this life were enjoyed to a degree unsurpassed in an age of great 
 uxury. — The Pantheon, a relic of ancient Rome dedicated to the worship of all the gods in its original use, is introduced 
 aptly as the second picture on this page, because it was there that in 1891 an outbreak began which, it was thought, 
 tnight have resulted in the Pope's leaving Rome for Avignon or some other city as his permanent residence. 
 
 263 
 


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A CANAL IN VENICE.— Wriiing of Venice Byron described her as having looked like " a ruler of the waters 
 and their powers, ' ' when ' ' her daughters had their dowers 
 
 From spoils of nations, and the exhaustless East 
 Poured in her lap all gems in sparkling showers." 
 This splendor was succeeded, in her political extinction, by a fittmg aspect of desolation : 
 
 " And silent rows the songless gondolier ; 
 Her palaces are crumbling to the shore." 
 Horatio V Brown, in his historical sketch of the republic of Venice, remarks that "No state, except Athens, has ever 
 presented at the very core of her life, the idea of herself with such sumptuous personification in art." 
 
 269 
 
HOME OF DESDEMONA. — This magnificent portraiture introduces you to Venice, Queen of the Adriatic Sea, 
 and Italy's pride, whose streets are water, whose majestic buildings stand on piles. The beauty and value of the scene 
 are enhanced by its central feature, the "Home of Desdemona," which rises as if from the water and presents in 
 perfect form the leading characteristics of early Venetian architecture — facade of rich marble in colors, highly sculptured 
 porticoes, lavishly traced windows and ornamental cornices. From its front Othello's faithful gondolier spiritecf away 
 at midnight the beautiful Desdemona and carried her to the arms of her dusky lover. At its doors the jealous 
 Roderigo and treacherous lago beat their alarm and shrieked their warning, till the startled Brabantio was aroused from 
 his slumbers to find their story of the elopement all too true. 
 
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HOUSE OF DANTE, FLORENCE, ITALY. — The narrow and small doorway, shown in its entirety in the picture, 
 ■was thill used by the author of tlie Divine Coniedy, one of the greatest productions of the world. U was the entrance 
 to the house in which he was born in the year 1265. What is known as the house of Dante, and a portion of which was 
 8taiidin>r in his day, at the time of his birth was situated between the two central parts of the city, the one the public 
 s<iuare surrounding the Palazzo Vecchio. where public business was transacted, an<l the other the scjuare on which now 
 rises the Cathedral. The tourist readily finds the place where the family of Alighieri, of which Oaute is the immortal 
 representative, flourished in meditcval limes. 
 
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 "THE DANCBR," BY CANOVA Though Cano\-a was Italian J)oni and e<lucaU-<l in Venice, his works 
 
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 Venice and Rome. lie was born 1757, and die<l 1821. He regarde*! the nuxlcni art of statuary as defective in that it 
 did not represent nature. He gave great study to the physical frame, to niu.>icle, posture ami projxirtion, and he 
 became the father of a new school of statuary, with a renown that eclijised the old nia,slers. His statue of "The 
 Dancer," and his group of the "Dancing Nymphs," are regarded &8 hia bes* Qbrts, and among tlie most perfect 
 q)ecimens of art. 
 
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PEASANT QIRLS AND HUNTSMAN. ITALY.-Our picture has verv noticeable merits «, « work of art and 
 . most attractive hu....in .nteresl. The hunt.sn.a., desires a prettv con.jMnion tr^wre his "^tt the w^ and 
 countenance of the rtI tell the story of her pleascl but cov ^.-illinRness to gmtifv Ws wish Giriish a^JS 
 uatured interest in the proceedings below is evJ.lencc-.! by the" homelier-looking figure on Tht ladder ThouefSTe 
 may eel a taste of disappointn.cnt in not Ix^ing the huntsnian-s preference. sRe IVu on t he ku owTediJof a thtrf 
 party's unwe com -ncos utid;.-r the circumstancL-s. As to the dog, l.e is engaged in ci>iriUt^ons of his own .nd «^2 
 animal as he is, takes no interest in what is going on quitp near him. """K'K^ '" ci^uuons ot bis own and, wise 
 
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A PRISON IN THE SUBURBS OP PALERHO. ITALY Crime in Italy is said to be larvely the result of 
 
 obedience to secret orgaiiizjitions. Of these Naples has tlie Cnniorra, Sicily the Mafia. Thev aid not Ro ont of 
 existence with happier jwlitical conditions, hut arc Iwlieved to he still flonrishinn. and proof is not wanting that 
 the Mafia has V)ranchcs in this country. Italian wilincss is apt to Iw; more than equal to the curiosity of the 
 American public, and the statement that the Mafia is an organizetl menace to proitertv and life in the centres 
 ■where Italians are congregated in large numbers is received with an incredulous smile. 1 here unquestionably are 
 vast robber bands in Sicily, known uiuler the name Mafia. They are pcrhajjs most aptly dcscriWd as the aggrecatioa 
 of all the criminal classes on the island, and they have confidential relations with the official class. The robber oc 
 assa.ssin may be lodged in jail, but the chances are again.st his being tliere long. 
 
 2ii0 
 
EMBARKATION OF ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA ITAl v Tt,;o i,- * • 
 
 foZ;„ 1^ \ ? ,f was then in Cihcia. Cleopatra crossed the Mediterranean and sailed up the Cydaus in a 
 ^hZtll"^^ U^'^l^r"'"" '" ""'' '""^ ^"^^'^'^^^ splendor which Eastern magnificence could bring to the aid 
 ^L^m t^ Tf .""v.'- 1°"^ ''^ ""'^'^ ''"'^^""^ ^^' infatuated slave, and embarked with her for Eevit the:V c 
 
 complete a historv ot shame which ended in the disastrous defeat of their ambitions and in the suicide of boYh^ klracL^ 
 
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PAQODA AT TESAKA, JAPAN.— The p.itfrxla of Japan is no less a sncrt-d building, devoted to Kuddhic \»x>rshij>, 
 than in India, the hirlhphice of Knddhisin. Kut it is a far more symmetrical structure. The stories are no longer a set 
 of steps ornaniciiteil with fantastic rchefs and I)c<li7.ene<l with jewels, hut a scries of natural rises, each gi\nng forth • 
 canopied expanse with ornamental eiljjes. The roofs of these canopies are of bamUio, sprung so as to produce a lent 
 effect. The top of the pag(«la runs into an ornamental finial, which affonlsan effective finish. The entire architecturtd 
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SCENE ON THE SUMEDA RIVER, JAPAN. 
 
 FUSIVAHA, JAPAN'S SACRED MOUNTAIN. 
 
 Japan is charming, not to say fnsiiiiatiiiR. Its Knipcror, or Kotci, as his rountrv people sav, is descend^ from the 
 Emperor Jinimu, who began to reign in 660 B. C. T was on I v as it were vcstcrdav, in i87i,thal the feudal s\-stem 
 was abolished in a country which now iKMists free political institutions, en aftnv and'navv, great libraries, uni\-ci^ties, 
 educational facilities, modes of business ati<l what not, after the best American and Euro|>ean standards. But there 
 are (li (Terences, in religion for example. vShintoism is the dominant faith in JajMn— with alwut 194,000 temples; 
 Hud<llusm conies next with 72,000 temples. .Stale or Ux^al authorities maintain the principal Shinto temples. Any 
 religion may be foll<)we<l in Ja]Miii with absolute free<loni, if it 1h? not pre<ludicial to peace and onler. The people are 
 restless in iiiind. Undivided Christendoiii would have a great opportunity in Japan, and the gain of denominationalism 
 IS quite con.siderable. Kusiyaina appears on millions of fans .sold in the I'nitcd States, and is the most licpictured 
 mouutaiu in the world. It is extinct as a volcano. The Jajxinese arc enterprising in navigation and trade. 
 
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CATHEDRAL AT CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO The city of Chihuahua is situatc<l at an elevation of 4690 feet, and 
 
 has a salul)rious climate. Its environs are productive of fruit, ve>;etat)les and the cereals, and tlie State of the aune 
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THE SYNAQOQUE AT TETUAN. 
 
 JEWISH CEMETERY AT TETUAN. 
 
 On the foregoing page are notes of Tetuan, which is situated forty-five miles from Tangier, Morocco, 
 over a road distinguished for its badness even in the Orient, where roads are perhaps as bad as they are 
 in the United States. Much of the luxury in which the Jews of that little city live is seen in the appoint- 
 ments of their place of worship. — The second picture best tells it own story of the white-washed ciyy 
 sheltering under mountains, and the place of the dead outside its walls. White-mantled figures present in 
 the graveyard, or leaving it, renew every good man's admiration of the love of woman. 
 
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YOUNG QIRL IN HOLIU.W A I UKL, HOLY LAND.— A very pleasing picture of female loveliness. The 
 inevitable yoke of custom in the Orient does not yet oppress her vi-ith its full weight. Within a few years she \yill 
 never appear in public places without a veil, and her outdoor dress will be supplemented with a flowing robe reaching 
 from the shoulders to the feet. She belongs to a family possessing means ; going to the well for water does not suggest 
 poverty to any one acquainted with Eastern customs. Although she belongs to the sex which is inferior and degraded 
 in Oriental contemplation, the feminine love of finery asserts itself Arab women are extravagantly fond of ornaments. 
 The variety of chains, bracelets, anklets, necklaces and rings which they wear is endless. Note the headdress of coins 
 worn by this sweet young girl and the many coins depending from her neck and worn on her arm. In the Holy l,and 
 married women use jewelry more extravagantly than the unmarried, but our girl is in holiday attire. 
 
 315 
 
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PALM QR()\ li IN SI. IHOMAS, \\ EST INDIES. 
 
 MOUSE OF THE ROMANOFF CZARS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. 
 
 the I^e7c?"p?opre ^It 1 e^ r Z in he tmol^'r °' '^*- ^"''TP' °"^ "^ '""^ ^^^'^^ ^""^^ ^^'-d^- of great interest to 
 harbor and couYd be made tpre^^U V In 'st, KW^^^^ ??" the United States to South' Amfrica. has a fine 
 
 the United States. The treaty was ^ned hff^n^a^ ^l^HiZ f^' S ^f'^^fk. ceded St. Thomas and St. John to 
 dynasty of R«r.-,.-«flr....f,„/,,ed in 1613 by ViXe7hl a lad of Lt'e^^ ^'^J""™"^ ^:"^°"t ^=t'"« upon it.-The 
 
 32a 
 
QENEKAL VIEW OF MOSCOW FROM THE KREMLIN.— Moscow, \-iewed from the 
 Kremlin, is one of tlie most singular and imposing cities in the world. It was founde<l in 1 147, 
 is of circular fonn, and has an area of about forty square miles. The outer quarters of the city he 
 around the nucleus of a prominence in the centre, and increase in magnitude according as they 
 diverge from it. The river Moskva, which has a very tortuoiw course through the city, is crossed 
 by numerous bridges, principally of wood. 
 
 KkL.'lLIN, LARQE PALACl;. The Kremlin, or citadel of Moscow, occupies a prominent 
 position in the central part of that city. It has been completely restore*! aufi cn!arged since the 
 destruction of Moscow in 1812, when invailed by Napoleon. The Kremlin is considered an 
 impregnable fortress and comprises within its limits the Imperial Talace, the Cathedral of the 
 Assumption, in which the Russian sovereigns are crowned ; the churches of St Michael and the 
 Annunciation, and Pakrowskoi, constructed of twenty churches joined together 
 
GENERAL VIEW OF MOSCOW FROM THE REKiO BRIDGE.-Aiuong the numerous bridges 
 over the river Moskva, which ruus through Moscow, is the Rekio, from which an attractive view of that 
 city is offered. From this point can be seen the principal public and educational institutions, scientific 
 societies and the great University, founded in 1755, by Peter the Great. The great palace of the 
 •emperors, erected in 1849, is a fine building in white stone with a gilded cupola, and is clearly visible 
 irom this point also. 
 
 ST. ISAAC'S CATHEDRAL — This is one of the most prominent church edifices in St. 
 Petersburg, the Capital of Russia. It occupies a position near the memorial erected to Peter I. in 
 1782, and also near the memorial erected to Nicholas I. Its general aspect is imposing, both without 
 and within. It was built between 1818 and 1825, under the personal direction of Nicholas I., but does 
 not correspon<l vrith the efforts put forth in its decorations by the best Russian artists. The pictures 
 of Briiloff, Bruni and many others, v'hirh rover its walls, are said to be deteriorating rapidly. 
 
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HIGHLAND MARY'S QRAVE, SCOTLAND. This iiiaKtiificpiit piece of art is a tribute to the 
 memory of the one whom Robert lUiriis immortalizoil in his exquisite jioem of " Highland Mary." 
 It was erected l>y her Ayrshire admirers, and its presence contributes to tlic number of monuments 
 which make the' vicinity of Ayr teem with recollections of the sweet jKX-t of Ayrshire. Amon>» these 
 are the old Alloway Kirk where the youthful " Hobby " worshipjjol, and the ruins of Montgomerie 
 Castle, amid whicli he lirst met his " Mary." The sculptures on the monument tell the story of the 
 "farewell," and of the broken-hearted Mary after the sad words were spoken. 
 
 340 
 

BALHORAL CASTLE, QUEEN VICTORIA'S FAVORITE RESIDENCE. 
 
 OSBORN HOUSE, QUEEN VICTORIA'S SEASIDE VILLA. 
 
 Queen Victoria delights the most in her Scottish home, Balmoral Castle, in the Highlands. As palaces go it is 
 neither spacious nor splendid, and the Queen's preference for it is not shared by her attendants. A witty lady of title 
 says on this subject, " Long drives in the cold and dark, and occasional tea picnics in the snow, are not appreciated by 
 everybody." Her Majesty enjoys the open air, taking her breakfa.st out of doors whenever possible. Her good health 
 at an advanced age — she was born in 1819 — is the best evidence of her good judgment in this matter. When in the 
 country, either in Scotland or at her villa, Osborn House, Isle of Wight, the Queen makes good friends of the neigh- 
 boring poor, visiting them at their homes and reading the Bible to the old and infinn. She pays all doctors' bills 
 incurred on her estate at Osborn. The good old lady who presides over British affairs is happiest remote from pomp 
 and splendor, living simply in the quiet country. 
 
 343 
 
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QRINDINQ CORN IN SKYE — Tlie islnnd of Skye t>-pes the entire Hebrides RTOup. It is 
 sepnniled from Ihu main land of north Scotland by a loch one-third of n mile in width. All of the 
 Hebrides ({roup are picturcstinc, but in nothinj; so interostiuK as the character of their inhabitants and 
 tlieir primitive means of finding; a living. This handsome illustration shows their method of grinding; 
 corn. It is the inetlio<l of a remote antiquity. The stone mortar is there, such as Abraham might 
 have used. The pestle is there, a slight improvement on that of the ancient.s, in that it admits of tlie 
 rotary rather than the pounding motion. Women do the work. In tlie Imckground is the family 
 crofl. or hut, a home, tlian which nothing can be more modest, yet one which shelters as spirited a 
 people as any in the world. 
 
 318 
 
i2 Tt fii *^ *r1 
 
IHb TRAVELER S PALM.- 1 his remarkable tree, known as the Traveler's Palm, and found in Ma.l.,i; .s^-.ir, 
 IS one of the noblest of the genus Ravenda. It is familiarly called by those who have nia<le a tour of the Iii.lu- tlio 
 Travelers free, probably on account of the shelter it affonls them from the heat of that climate, because the water 
 which IS stored up in the large cup-like sheaths of the leaf-stalks is sought bv travelers to allay their thirst, and because 
 the very large, broad, oblong leaves can be uUlizcd by the naUves to thatch Uieir huU and afford them protecUon from 
 
 3.)0 
 
THE ALHAHBRA, SPAIN : IHH COLR 1 Ol- LIONS.— Mediaeval Moorish art found its highest expression 
 in the Alhambra, the celebrated palace which, with surrounding towers, fortresses and gardens, crowns a hill 
 overlooking the city of Granada. In ascending the hill to the palace the visitor is regaled with the songs of 
 nightingales mingled with the soft voices of running streams and fountains. That apartment of the beautiful 
 palace known as the Court of Lions is 132 feet by 74 feet in dimensions. It is surrounded by a gallery which is 
 supported by 120 pillars of white marble, the capital of each one having its own design in nearly every case. 
 Originally these pillars were covered with gold. The walls they support are open fretwork, presenting most 
 beautiful carving in ivory-like marble. In the centre of the court is the marble fountain, supported by the twelve 
 lions which give name to the apartment. The lions are inferior as specimens of sculptured work, accounted 
 for by the Mohammedan prohibition of image-making. While the lace-like delicate fretwork in the Court of Lions 
 is perfection itself, the lionl. are unjust to the king of beasts. 
 
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 THE GLACIER OF BOSSONS, SWITZERLAND.-Tl.e glacier of nossons nt Cliamouiii is rcgard«l as Uk- most 
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 Mont Blanc district, and the views are remarkable for their massive sublimity. 
 
 368 
 
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STREET IN ANDERMATT, SWITZERLAND.— Hcrt is a bit of quaint 
 builiiiiiK, a village street in the most picturesque of countries, nearly five tliou- 
 saiul fi-'et above the level of the sea. Andcrniatt has a population of alxjut 
 seven hundred people, who enjoy a well-earned reputation for the pro<luction 
 of honey and cheese. The mineralogist will find sjx^cimens offereti for sale, 
 collected from the neighboring mountains. St. ColunilMinus church is a .sight 
 worth seeing, and twenty minutes' walk from the village is the celebrated old 
 bridge, seventy feet above the roaring-torrent river Reus,s. here pent l)etween 
 banks so smooth and precipitous that the wonder grows how, early in the 
 twelfth century, so effective a piece of engineering as spanning it coulil have 
 been inaURge<l. I'lider the oul is another bridge, finishetl in 1830. Cattle mi.v 
 ing is ])rosecuted successfully by the country people about Andennatt, many of 
 whom are carriers, making a living by this, iu Switzerland, hazardous 
 occupation. 
 
 362 
 

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MOM 1.1 ANC OBSERVATORY. Passajje Under the Grand fluiete. 
 
 nONT BLANC OBSERVATORY. Ascension of Mont Blanc Toward the Junction of the iiranu Mulcts. 
 
 There is to l>e nil ohscrvntory on Mont Blnnc at an iiltitiidc of is.TSofcet nlmve the level of the son. This has 
 been re»olvc<l (ijxm by men of stiinly resolution who have a.stertained liow the thinR can Ik- done ajid are ent^veil in 
 it.s iH>rroriniuice. At their head is l>rofes.sor Jan.<wen, of Paris, to whom .succesR will mean an immortal name in 
 History. The buildinjf will be plnce«l on the thick cnist of ice IvinK uptm the rock which is belie\-nl to form the 
 sumniit of the mountnui, but which wa.s not reached after prolonge*! and atxluous experiment. 
 
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 TERRITET RAILWAY, MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND.— Tins .iamig piece ol modem raiU-ay ciiKinecring i» 
 located :il Monlrcux, Swil/.erlatid, at llio end of piclurewiue l.nke Leinnti. It starts at Territet, one of the Montreux 
 villages on the sliores of the lake, and rises by seemingly alii^ost impossible gradients, a distance of 750 yards, to the 
 station at tUion, from which elevation the lake can In; overlookeil, anil many magnificent Alpine views can be had. The 
 road is a cable tramway, substantially constructeil and amply fortified against danger. It is a popular means of ascent 
 ■with tourists, and is a source of great profit to its projectors duriug the touring seasons. 
 
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CHURCH INTERIOR, HOSPENTHAL, SWITZERLAND. — Hospenthal was once the seat of an Alpine 
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 371 
 

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VIEW OF THE BOSPHORUS. 
 
 GATEWAY OF THE SULTAN'S PALACb, CO.Nil AM INOI'Lb. 
 
 Tlie beautv of the Bosphonis is misurpasswl. Tliis ci-lebrated holy of water winds for a distance 
 of nineteen miles, separating Europe from Asia, an(i varying in width from 810 yanls to two and a 
 fifth miles. The graceful slopes of its hanks present everywhere an aspect of pleasant green, and 
 the "unspeakable Turk," whose goml (lualities are too fre<|uentlv unrememl)eretl, appears to- 
 advantage in the array of palaces, pretty villas and sightl v villages which deck these verdurous hills. 
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 majesty is unapproachable excepting by those to whom the right of audience has been given 
 previou.sly. He gives audience here to am1>assadors, his ministers and other officials, and entertain* 
 sometimes. The palace commands fine N-iews across the Kospliorus to Asia. Offices of various 
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WASHINGTON MONUMENT, WASHINGTON, U. S. A The highest artificial elevation in the world was 
 
 completed ninety-nine years after its inception. It combines the two intentions of a monument to "the father of his 
 country," and of an historical column. A vote for the first-named purpose was given by the Continental Congress, in 
 1783. Both are mentioned in L'Enfant's original plan of the Federal City, and the monument stands on what would 
 have been the site for an equestrian statue of George Washington, had the purpose of the vote of 1783 been carried out 
 to the letter. The corner-stone of the shaft was laid on July 4, 1848, and on December 6, 1884, the capstone, weighing 
 3300 pounds, was placed in position. I^rom basement to tip of this grand monument is 555 feet, and it weighs 80,000 
 tons. Dedicatory services took place July 4, 1885. 
 
 387 
 
SHERIDAN'S RlDIi, NNASHINQTON, D, C The slirriiiK ijotiu of SlKnilaii's cticoiauu uui; oi umu^ ""— . 
 
 from Wiiu-lifsti-r to tin- scene of battle on I'ront Royal pike, where his timely arrival snntchc<l \Hclory from defeat, h«» 
 been incorporated into e<iuestrian bronze, an<l is now regarded as one of the most onianiental and spiritetl pieces of the 
 plastic art at the National Capital. It is a life-sizeil e<iuestrian figure, faithful to nature aud the occasion, and is here 
 reproduced with nil the exactitude of the photographic art. 
 
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DIVINITY HAIL, VALK UNIVBRSITY. 
 
 TME UNION THBOLO<]ICAL SbMINARY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The mention of Vale University suggests the name of IH. Noah Porter, who administered its affairs with solid 
 success during fifteen years, /)eginning in 1871. College funds increased over 75 per cent during his prvsidencv, which 
 was also remarkable for the addition of important college buildings. Among them are Duinilv Hall an«i Bacon 
 Memorial Mall, for the Theological DepiirtmenL— The Union Theological Seminarv. New Vork, has' been open for the 
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CHICAQO STOCK YARDS.— Small Packers' Plants. Hain Road to Packing Houses and Cattle Pens. 
 
 CHICAaO STOCK YARDS Bird's-bye View oi the Cattle Pens. PackinK hou.ies in the Distance. 
 
 The Union Stock Yards and Transit CoiiUMiny, Chicago, owns a siwcc covering ,^io acres for the tcniporarj' accom- 
 nodation of cattle, hogs, sheep, calves and horses. Adjacent are buildiii)^ of iMckiti); houses occupying the same area. 
 The combinctl premises are a square mile, the site of a city of slaughter which has no rival. On November 19, 188S, 
 ao,<)68 cattle were received there; on I)ecemt)er5, 18.S4, 66,597 hogs. In 1S.S9, ift^.x^b railntad cars were used in the 
 trans|M>rtjilioti of cattle to Chicago from the West. ICach of the two lending jxicking hou.ses employ's steadily between 
 (,ouo ttiul 6,uuQ men in work deftly accomplislied and without cruelty to tlie victims of human hunger. 
 
 3vb 
 
A GLIMPSE OF ARABIA, AS SEEN AT WORLD'S FAIR, CHICAGO.— The above is a real undegenerate 
 Arabian street to be seen at the Chicago World's Fair. It is a typical Arabian street of the past, without the alterations 
 which time has effected. This street is a charming aggregation of mosques and twenty -five houses of the town, selected 
 from the most characteristic specimens from the far-off age of Toulon to the last century. 
 
 AZTEC AND INDIAN HOMES AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.— The Aztec and Indian homes on exhibition at 
 the Chicago Fair are just as natural and true to life as when in our school days we saw them illustrated and read about 
 them in the geography of our times. The Indian hut differs very materially from the more solidly constructed homes 
 of the more refiuetl ."iztecs, who were an intelligent people, even when Pizarro invaded Mexico. 
 
 397 
 
FRENCH RENAISSANCE AT THE WORLD'S FAIR The civnlized world is familiar with the 
 
 Renaissance style of I'rench architecture, as exhibited at the Chicago Fair. It is strictly in keeping with 
 structures found an<l used, not only in France, but in Kngland and America, for suburban residences. The 
 style is adopted in this country more for its novelty than for any advantages it is presumed to possess. 
 
 AUDITORlUn HOTEL, ON niCHIQAN AVENUE, CHICAGO — This is one of the largest hotels in this or«ii;r 
 other country, and will, no doubt, attract <iuite as much attention as the exhibits within the inclosure of the Fair 
 grounds. It is thoroughlv fire-proof; it contains all the latest modern improvements; is funiishc<l with the costliest 
 parlor, diniug-room ami chamber furniture, and ia the equal, if not the superior, of the hotels in any city of the Union. 
 
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AN OLD STONE TOWER AT NEWPORT, R. I A great amount of research has been made and much specu- 
 lation indulged in concerning the history and uses of the stone tower at Newport, Rhode Island, out of which has 
 resulted nothing definite nor satisfactory. Fenimore Cooper, the novelist, terms it a mill, and claims for it an origin 
 as remote as the times of the Norsemen, who are supposed to have preceded Columbus in his voyage to this hemis- 
 phere. By some it is supposed to have been erected as a fortress several centuries ago, before the landing of the 
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 plumb, level and square, of which the natives of that region were ignorant. It antedates the oldest landmarks of the 
 country, and bids fair to hold its place as an object of curiosity for centuries to come. As will be seen, the mill is a 
 simple stone structure — a circular tower, standing upon rude pillars connected by arches. 
 
 403 
 
ICE FREEZE AT NIAGARA. — Of all the brilliant and fantastic forms which nature assumes, nothing exce-jds 
 that of the gelid masses which rise in front of Niagara during a protracted freeze. The mountains of spray which ever 
 rise from the seething abyss of the majestic cataract and spread themselves to every rock in channel and precipice, 
 are quickly transformed by intense cold into the variegated and surprising forms here presented by our ariist. The 
 entire rock breastwork of the awful chasm becomes a magnificent system of pendulous, icy stalactites far mon 
 gigantic than those of the Mammoth cave, and each a glittering prism reflecting showers of colors. The channel in 
 front of the falls becomes gradually bridged with ice, as rock after rock enlarges to touching with their congelated 
 burdens. Then as the spray continues to settle and freeze, the bridge assumes the proportions of a mountain, vying 
 in height with the 'al's themselves, and presenting one of the most gorgeous and fantastic of all winter scenes. 
 
 405 
 

 
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CAVERN CASCADE. WATKINS OLEN, NEW YORK, V. S.— The Glen is three miles long, and in to&te 
 pliicfs its rooky sides urc three hundred feet deep. It is a resort at Uie head <.>{ Seneca I<ake. There is a town cmlled 
 Watkiiis, uikI a host of landlords and others are willing to promote tlic comfort of the \-isitor — for a consideration. 
 Industry and thrift have einploye<l themselves wisely at Watkins t'.lcii, the varied beauties of which would ha\-e remained 
 inaccessible but for the care taken to provide stairways and ladders, with landings for rest and observation, and bridges 
 for safe (xissagc between di^v.y heights of rtK'k. Waterfalls and deep, dark, silent {xrals; gloomy deptlis and sun<rowned 
 cliffs; rocky sterility and the periK-tual greenness of moist and thriving vegetation— these are some of the contrasts secD 
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A VIEW OF CANAL STREET IN THE GREAT STRIKE AT NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 This giant palm, growing on an estate in Fresno County, California, is suggestive of the wonderful resources and 
 extent of Uncle Sam's demesne. His opportunities at home are so comprehensive that he is at home everywhere. — 
 The city of Osaka has innumerable bridges ; on its waters hundreds of junks and small boats move up or down with 
 every tide. — On November 6, 1892, the Amalgamated Labor Council having so decided, all the Unions connected with 
 it began to take part in a battle which had originated in a demand for higher wages made by the draymen and truck- 
 men and opposed by the merchants of New Orleans. The strikers succeeded in closing all business. 
 
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FORT SAN MARCO. — St. Augustine, Florida, has the distinction of being the oldest city in the United States 
 built by Europeans. It is thirty-six miles south of Jacksonville, and stands on a low, narrow and sandy peninsula but 
 waive feet above the ocean level. Its sea front of a mile iu length is a granite wall whose top affords a splendid drive. 
 At the northern end of this wall stands the old fort of San Marco, now called Fort Marion. It is a well-preserved 
 specimen of Spanish military architecture, and was finished in the year 1756. It is in the form of a trapezium, and 
 ■covers about four acres of ground. It is provided with a moat, outwork walls twenty-one feet high, corner bastions, 
 heavy casemates, dungeons and subterranean passages. It is built of coquina, a curious shelly conglomerate, quarried 
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DARKTOWN COURTSHIP. — The illustration is self-interpreting, written in a language which everybody 
 understands While the wooer is hardly an ideal hero of the conventional love story, his plea for partnership in his 
 humble home gives promise of being successful. Thus far the .\fro- American's contributions to the good of the 
 community have taken the form of physical labor chiefly, but his capacity of eloquent expression has been demon- 
 strated in the forum and the pulpit, and in meritorious verse and prose, small in quantity thus far, but prophetic of 
 coming wealth of oratory and literature. In music he has already made a reputation. Time will develop cultivation 
 and refinement, and the strong affection of the African nature will find voice in verse bearing the supremely 
 interesting and peculiar characteristics which mark all that he has done in letters and in art. A volume of love 
 poem? from a '' darkey " poet may be looked for, the specimen jewel from a productive mine. 
 
 419 
 
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PHASES OP THE MISSISSIPPI FLOODS.-To keep the Missis-ippi within bounds ii one of 
 
 the iiiost (lifTicult problems <>l the nge. The nicnn-i ailopte<l for this end have so far, proved inadequate, 
 millions of dollars having been spent in the coiislruciion of tnihankincnti, nsunllv calle<l leveea, which 
 arc ant to break when they are most needc<l. Manifestly the hif^her these arliticial barriers the weaker 
 they bccotnc. and the raisinif of the be<l of the river by the <1eposition of mud necessitates that levees 
 be raisc<l higher and higher, thus increasinij their inadenuiicv and the danger to the surrounding 
 country. I'iKures indicating the cost of levers and only the direct losses caused bv floodi are appall- 
 ingly large; for example, the account of the Lower Mississippi Valley with the river since the war to 
 June, 1892, shows the total cost of h-gh water to have been 1116,933,410. The man who can deviM 
 means to control the Mississippi will deserve well of his country. 
 
STATE CAPITOL, BATON kOUUii, LOUISIANA.— This very striking picture presents one of the finest 
 specimens of architecture in the State of Louisiana. It is that of the State Capitol at Baton Rouge. The order of 
 architecture is not decided, but it is one of those bo'd castellated effects which becomes the elevation on which it is 
 erected. Since the entire city is built on a bluff, and the capitol on an elevation within the city, its situation \.: 
 especially attractive. The city is 120 miles above New Orleans, and on the Mississippi River. It was one of the first 
 settlements of the French on the banks of the great river, and uetween it and New Orleans the rivalry for the honors 
 of the capital site was long and earnest. 
 
 423 
 
Al{<)\ I \M) <)\ 11^ IHE BARGAIN. 
 
 AT THE FOUNTAIN. 
 
 THE U. S. S. •• YORKTOWN."— The " Yorktown." it will he mncmhcred, was one of thcoritonal Squadron ^f 
 Evolution. Situ-i- the late uni)leasiiitneHs hetween the I'nited States nnil Chili the " Yorktown " has iilone representwl 
 the Anielicnn Navv in Chilian waters. She rei)laei-<l the " lljiltiuiort-." at Valjvaraiso. whose gallant tars wctt bruta^y 
 •nauUol by a Chilian mob, and has not met with a ninch more friendly reception, as the crew of Commander Kvans' 
 a\g was stoned in January ia.st. -" AnovK ASn Ovkr Tiik Bakc.ain " is an excellent picture, conceiveil and executed 
 by that jKipuIar artist, R 'C.uillon, and cxhibile<) at the Paris Salon. It contains a touch of humor entirely destroWnR 
 any syinjxithv the most si-nsitivc nature iniKht have for the f;W\ who loses her fish in n-MsUng the sailor. — "AT THK 
 I'"(il!NTAlN," a charminj; picture, si-rious in tone and artistically l)eautiful, is by Diana Coomans. Tlic girl has come 
 to the fountain, but has foruotton her misaion. llcr thoughts are away in Thcasaly, where her lover is bearing anna 
 auaiiiHt her country's invailers. 
 
 426 
 
CRICKET ON THE MANHEIM GROUNDS, QERMANTOWN. 
 
 A REPRESENTATIVE PHILADELPHIA CRICKET TEAM. 
 
 Philadelphians of English birth were the first American cricket players. They set up their wickets in 1853, and in 
 i860 the game had become established in the favor of the Quaker City. Several foreign teams had played with our 
 crack clubs before the celebrated visit of Lord Hawke and the players under his captaincy, who, in 1891, began a 
 series of games, in which they were generally victorious over their American opponents. But the first game they 
 played, which was in Philadelphia, went against them, the Americans having eight wickets to spare at its conclusion. 
 The lower picture is of the victorious team on this historic occa,sion led by William Brockie. Cricket is a great game, 
 requiring endurance and superior skill in the players. Philadelphia continues to be its headquarters in the United 
 States. The local club plays on the Manheim grounds, Germantown, bought, with the Price mansion and the Littell 
 homestead, as a result of the amalgamation of the Young America and Germantown clubs. The mansion was converted 
 into the fine club-house of the illustration. 
 
 427 
 
FOOT-BALL.- PUTTINO THE BALL IN PLAY The great national jtamt of bnse-hall is played in mtmtner: 
 
 Interest in fcKH-lxilI rulininnteN in the strenuous strugRles by college lioys on and before Thanksjfixnng Day. Thus far 
 Knglanil is ahrnd of us in the popularity of foot-l)all and in the number of fractures, mutilations and deaths resulting 
 from itH indulgence; but the widesjireail excitement cause*! by a contest in America seems prophetic of our probable 
 future equality with our Knglish cousins in this form of sport, which, spite of the little drawbacks mentioned, bas 
 much to reconunend it. Rough, it is also manly — no milksop can l>c a fool-lwll player; and it necessitates in the 
 adept the exercise of sound and ready judgment, as well as fleetness, purpose and agile strength. Gambling and 
 profcMJonalism are abuses which good friends of the game should do all they can to discountenance. 
 
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 BATHING HOUR AT NARRAGANSETT PIER. 
 
 INDIAN DANCE AT HILES CITY. 
 
 The pictures represent extremes of American life. In the one, the children of abui. lance, if not of luxury, and 
 a refined civilization are enjoying an incident of their summer rest ; in the other, degraded Cheyenne Indians are 
 engaged in a barbaric dance in far-off and lonesome Montana. Indian dances are becoming less significant of danger 
 to the peace, and are probably oftener an act of commercial enterprise undertaken (or the amusement of the 
 white people than the spontaneous expression of joy, superstition or warlike excitement. But to a pleasanter subject. 
 The season at Narragansett Pier is at its height m August. Up to i p. m. , after a reasonable post-breakfast lounge 
 bathing is the chief amusement, enjoyed on a beach entirely eligible for the curDOse. 
 
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THE NARROWS, WILLIAHS CAI^ON, COLORADO, U. S.— Inanpronched in magnificence are thecailon* 
 of Culurado, wliioh fur more than a thuiiwiiul inilu:) of length ri.so not less than from a thousand feet to twelve hundred 
 feet in |)eri>eii(lii-iilar cliffjt; and the CtrHiid Cation, for more than two hundred .niles. has no rocks less than lour 
 r\l the junction of tne Grand and Green rivers there is jirtxluced a lloo<i iK-hcvcd to be equal in 
 
 volume to Niagara. Meeting in a narrow K"n(^- more tlian two thousand feet deep, at the place where the caitons 
 of Colorado l>egin, its waters dash on to the Hirst Cataract, a ilesccnt made with a velocity truly awful, the rush 
 checkc<l here and there liy rocks, lluis fonning whirlpools. Where the walls of the chasm approach more nearly, the 
 haste of the flood is angcnciited to a speed calculated at a mile iu eighty seconds. Williams Canon combines the 
 tieautiful with the sublime. 
 
 4Z1 
 
THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK : THE UPPER PALL.— A visitor tells the story of the varied charms 
 of the Yellowstone National Park when he says that witliin a compass of one hundred square miles there are gathered 
 the loveliest valleys, the grandest canons, the most marvelous mountains, lakes, rivers, springs and cascades that the 
 eye can dwell on. In addition there are all sorts of natural phenomena ; sulphur mountains, an obsidian mountain, 
 a mud volcano, petrified forests and over ten thousand active geysers, hot springs, fumaroles, solfataras, salses and 
 boiling pools. The grandest aud the most grotesque natural scenery are all flung together in astonishing profusion at 
 the Yellowstone National Park. A journey to this wonderful region can be enjoyed from all parts of the country, and, 
 spacious and comfortable hotels await the coming of visitors, who can indulge their own sweet will without exorbitant 
 expense. One ofthe great sights ofYellowstone is the Upper Fall, shown in the illustration, which is 145 feet in height. 
 38 43a 
 
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VINEYARD SCHM; Ai UL HOUELO 
 
 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK: THE OBSIDIAN CLIFFS. 
 
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 hundred persons. Cultivation reaches a high degree of perfection in the vineyard. - 
 
 expression of natural originality and picturesqueness worth crossing a continent to see. Takin"- his departure from 
 
 the Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel the pilgrim at tlie Yellowstone National Park, intent upon seei".;> the geysers must 
 
 needs pass these wonderful objects, fhey are of volcanic origin, black in some aspects, deep green in others and of 
 
 dazzling, almost blinding, brilliancy where the full light of the sup strike? thsm 
 

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 FORI POINT, 5AN FRANCISCO HARBOR. 
 
 nR5. HARK HOPKINS'S HANSION, SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 ... ''''" Frnncinco liarbor U Ust swii. |«rli;ii)s cntiriiiK ff"'" t'n' mm. CoiiriiK in, the .UltKlitcd vo. . „ f>igantic 
 
 IiiUh, tw<i thousniKl fi-ct IukIi, on his l.-ft Intnl. nii.l k-s loflv but itniiressive heifthts on his riRht. ProcecdinR. the peak 
 of luninnliiKis lifts unimlly its loflv fonn on the left, nnd the straits leading to the Golden Gate own before him. 
 I^ookinK' iKvond them he sees the fortificitions on the island r.x-k of Alr:itra/. while TamauHpas looms up huKelv in 
 the bevoiid. Angeles Isl.md. clothid in kuhiiius.*, lies betwii-n Alc.itraz and the shore, and to the left of this 
 f<)iliricd riK-k, G(M<t Island, while to its ri^'lit is the fortresi of the iUiistrntir.n. The Prcsi<lio now conu-s into clear 
 view, and the stately ottv closes the steiie — Wh.it is known as Mrs Mark Hopkins's house st.imls on Nob Hill San 
 Franciseo. Its jiresent nsi- as n picture Kullery and art school is ad-ipteil admirablv to the buildinir. which contain* 
 Ulirty-three xpnciou^ rooms jtroni)ed about a high, central. oovere<J roof. 
 
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BATTLE OF SHILOH. — Fought at Pittsburgh Landing, on the Tennessee River, April 6 and 7, 1862, between 
 the forces of General Grant and General A. S. Johnston. Johnston attacked Grant with a superior force on the 
 6th, and drove him back in confusion to the river and with great loss. Buell arrived with reinforcements, and on 
 the 7th the Confederates were driven from the field with severe loss. Hardly any battle of the war was more 
 desperately fought. 
 
 SIEQE OF VICKSBURO. — Vicksburg, on impregnable bluffs, was regarded as the kev to the " Father of 
 Waters." Vain attempts had been made by the Union forces to take it in front. At length Grant marched his 
 army of 70,000 men to the rear, and approached it by siege operations lasting over two mouths, and ending in 
 the capture of the place with the entire Confederate Armv, July 4, 1S63. 
 
 443 
 
BA1TLE OF ALLATOONA PASS.— This celebrated pass is in Bartow County, Georgia, 40 miles north of 
 Atlanta, (ieiieral J. K. Johnston, in his retreat before Sherman's Army, made a heroic stand at this pass in May, 
 1864. A <lesf)erate battle was fought and the pass was held, but Sherman compelled its evacuation by a flank 
 movement. 
 
 BATTLE OF OETTYSBURO. -(.enernl I^c with 
 
 I-cnnsylvHiiiii. iind was inlercente<l at Gettysburg, bv General Mrnde with Hn'c<|U 
 'Jatllo wiiH joined nnd fought through the I'st, 3d and 3d of July, 1.H65. On July 4, 
 of 3i,<x)<) killed and woundeil. The I'nton loss was" 23.000. " The Rebellion re«( 
 
 Gettysburg, and after that began to decline 
 
 Confederate Anny of 100,000 strong invaded 
 
 ally strong I'nion Army. 
 
 Lee retreated, with a loas 
 
 reached high-water mark at 
 
 444 
 
BATTLE OF ANTIfcTAfl. — Fiercely fought, September 17, 1862, between the Union forces, under Genera!, 
 McClellan, and the Confederates, under General Lee, the former estimated at 87,000, and the latter at 90,000. 
 Losses about 13,000 on either side. I<ee was turned from his invasion of the North, and on September 18, 19, 
 retreated to the Virginia side of the Potomac. 
 
 k 
 
 BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA.— Tliis desperate sanguinary battle was the first between the forces of 
 Grant and Lee after the fight in the Virginia Wilderness. It resulted in great slaughter, and the Confederates 
 could not be driven from their strong positions. Grant, however, passed them by a flank movement, on May 
 20, 1864, and made a bold push toward Richmond, which compelled Lee to retreat. 
 
 445 
 
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NEW YORK NAVY YARD: THE " CHICAGO."— This beautiful vessel is of the type partially protected 
 crui.ser; her huH is of steel, she is propelled by twin screws, is bark-rij;ged, carries fourteen jjiins in her main battery 
 and twentv-s"'-"'i in all. and has a displacement of 4500 tons. She is painted white and presents a very pleasing 
 appearance. The "Cliicago" was Rear-Admiral Walker's flag,ship in the great international pageant at Hampton 
 Road.s, in April, rSq-5, that gallant .seaman being in command of the .second squadron. Her con.struction was authorized 
 by Congress in 18 t,. with that of the cruisers " Boston " and "Atlanta" and the despatch-boat " Dolphin." This 
 last-named was the first United States vessel, either naval or commercial, built entirely of steel of domestic 
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FORTRESS MONROE, OLD POINT COMFORT, \ A. 
 
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 the years 1S17 and i8^i. In ditnensions it ninks with the Inrvjest fortresses in the world, indeed is said 
 to exceed all others in the snnee it encloses. The walls of this Rinnt defence are of jjranite. They are 
 more than a mile in circnnifercnce, in thickness from five to fifteen feet, and rise thirty feet alK>ve the 
 level of the water in the moat. A casement in the fortress was ot-cupied hy the late JetTerrstm I>a\is 
 after the clo.se of the war, when he was a prisoner of the Federal authorities — F'ort Winfield Scott 
 was begun as recently as 1854. It is of brick, an<l resembles Fort Sumter in appearance. 
 
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NEW YORK'S (iRIil.TINO TO COLUHBUS : THH NUiHT PAGEANT.— After the military review on 
 October 12, 1892, a great crowd witnessed the unveiling of the CoUimlms Monument. Then folluwe<i the night 
 pageant, which, as tlie mirthful Artenius was wont to observe, wasciuile, " 3 much " after a fatiguing day. I'cople 
 ■went home to bed in many thousjinds long before it was over. The reviewing stand in Madison Scjuare wa« 
 packed by half- past eight, but it wius midnight l)efore 5000 bicyclers began the procession. I'loats rolled past under 
 streaming banners and brilliant illuminations, with few to admire and none to applaud. The uigbt pageant WM 
 something of a failure iu itself and almost an absolute one in the luditrercnce willi which it was regarded. 
 
 ■:S8 
 
FORBIDDEN LONOINGS.-The old monk interprets on his mandolin the harmonies he finds within • in him 
 expenence and patience have wrought their perfect work. The soul of the yonng manTs hstracled w t thono^l,?^ 
 prompted by he natural and noble impulses of youth. Through the open whulo^, in tl^e distance arf he scfi^s 
 of those useful act.vit.es .n wh.ch there might have been a share for h.iu but for his vows. A balmv at losnhere 
 the songs of birds, the long.,.gs of his youth, turns this young man's fancy to thoughts of love. No wonder tlfat the 
 ^8,^, b^T K^V't/" ^^?T "^gl^'^t'^.d «" the floor of the monastic cell.-" "Forbidden Long ngs ° was pai ted i^n 
 1877, by Toby F Ro,semhal,an American artist born of German parents, at New Haven, Conn He beean iL art 
 studies in San Francisco and continued them at the Royal Academy, Munich. Most of his "fe hal been spent Tn 
 ^onsckn'tiou^an^^t.'" "°'-'' '^ '^''""^ ^'^"^ ^'"""^ "" "-^'^-^I'-e the triumphs of thfs v?ry capabTe aiJd 
 
 459 
 
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PORT OF SPAIN: QURRN'S ROAD.— I.a Trinidail was so nnnu-d by Columlnis, in i49-*<. t'l^ ■■•■■'• 
 niouutaiii peaks at Mcnuipi surmounting a cotiunon base, sugKOsting the Trinity to his <levonl nuuU. 
 Previously, the orijpnal inhabilanls had called it lere. the land of Imniniing-birds. which name is eminently 
 suggestive of the glorious beauty of the island, and appropriate, seeing that there are twenty species of thos." 
 beautiful little creatures flying in its gorgeous gardens and forests. Trinidad has lofty mountains, i^-ateifaiU. 
 virgin forests, and valleys richly cultivated ami watered by cryst,'il streams. Us inhabitants arc in the constant 
 enjoyment of a pleasant climate, delicious fruits and vegetables, and su]icrb and fragrant flowers. Port of 
 Spain is the capital citv of the island and its seaport. Nearly every langiiage is spoken m this iDterestiog 
 place. The most l)eautiful part of the city is Queen'.s Park, adjacent to watch is Queen's RowL 
 
 464 
 
i^ 
 
 

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