--^ 
 
H 
 
 THE 
 
 TRUE USE OF ARMS. 
 
 By WILLIAM WYRLEY. 
 
 IIEPIIINTED FROM THE ORIGINAL EDITION, 1592. 
 
 LONDON : 
 JOHN GRAY BELL, BEDFORD ST. COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 MDCCCLIII. 
 
Pilliara §. fciiftuH, %^., |.g.i, gui; 
 
 Advocate, and of Gray^s Inn ; 
 
 Hon. Memb. of the Society of Antiquaries of NeuOcastU^ 
 
 and 
 
 Roy, Soc. of Northern Antiquaries of Copenhagen^ 
 
 THE FOLLOWING REPRINT 
 IS INSCRIBED. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The volume, whence *' The Trve Use of Armorie" has 
 been re-printed, consists of 162 pages, and is among 
 the very scarcest books of the 16th Century. The first 
 28 pages are occupied by the following Treatise, which is 
 the only important portion : the remaining ones contain 
 two drawling poems : " The Glorious Life & Honorable 
 Death of Sir John Chandos, Lord of St. Saluiour," &c., 
 and " The Honorable Life and LangvisWng Death of Sir 
 John de Gralhy, Capitall of Buz." Neither of these 
 appear to merit re-publication. 
 
 The author, William Wyrley, was a native of Stafford- 
 shire, descended from an ancient family seated in that 
 County, as early as the reign of King Edward the 2nd. 
 Aastis, Garter, says, "he published at London 1592, a 
 learned Treatise of the True Use of Armory, in 4to., 
 which some say was originally written by Samson Erdes- 
 wike, with whom he lived, which hath been re-printed by 
 Sir William Dugdale. Anthony Wood acquaints us that 
 Wyrley died about February xol7, but that seems to be 
 a mistake, since John Guillim, Portesmouth Pursuivant 
 
Extraordinary, had this ofEce by a Signet dated in 1613, 
 though his Patent is not dated 'till 26th February, 1618, 
 15 Jac. I, wherein the salary is granted to him from 
 Michaelmas in the XI of King James, and he is to hold 
 this office in as ample manner as William Wyrley, late 
 Bouge Croix, and before him. Thomas Knight enjoyed 
 the same, so that Wyrley either died sooner or surrendered 
 his Patent. Gwillim received his share in the partition 
 pf certain Fees as Rouge Croix, 1 January, 1613." 
 
 The assistance which Wyrley received from Erdeswicke^ 
 as above mentioned, may account for the supposition of 
 Burton, the Historian of Leicestershire, that Erdeswicke 
 was the real author. A considerable portion, but not the 
 entire work, was* re-printed by Dugdale in his " Antient 
 Usage of bearing Arms," wherein this suggestion of Bur- 
 ton's occurs. 
 
 Wyrley was appointed Rouge Croix Pursuivant of Arms, 
 by Patent, dated 15 May, 1604. While in office he 
 made numerous Collections, some of which are in the 
 College. He died in February, 1617, and was interred 
 in St. Rennet's Church, Paul's Wharf. 
 
 Dallaway has observed that " when this very judicious 
 little tract was first published, a considerable addition was 
 made to the stock of Heraldic Literature. Leaving the 
 more fanciful and abstruse ])oints, which relate to the 
 analogy between arms and the qualifications of their 
 
bearers, our author confines himself to a very accurate 
 history of the more antient differences, and of the variety 
 and modes in which they were applied. He treats rather 
 of their primary and simple differences, which are of 
 early introduction, than of those which were afterwards in 
 use, when the labels, bordures, &c., were surcharged so as 
 to become indistinct." — Inquiries into the Origin and 
 Progress of Heraldry, p. 220. 
 
 The Publisher is indebted to Sir Charles G. Young, 
 Garter, for his kind loan of the original very scarce 
 volume, of which the present portion is a faithful reprint, 
 as well as for many friendly suggestions. 
 
 October, 1853. 
 
(1/2 ^7 
 6o9 
 
 THE 
 
 TRVE VSE OF 
 
 A RM R I E, 
 Shewed by Historie, and plainly proued 
 
 by example : the necessitie thereof also discovered : 
 
 with the manner of differing s in ancient time, the 
 
 lawfulness of honorable funerals and moniments : with other 
 
 matters of Antiquitie, incident to the aduanc- 
 
 ing of Banners, Ensignes, and marks 
 
 of noblenesse and 
 
 cheualrie, 
 
 By William Wyj^ley. 
 
 Imprinted at London, by 
 
 I. lackson, for Gabriell 
 Cawood. 
 
 15 92. 
 
TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE 
 
 THE LORDS AND OTHERS THE 
 
 professors of martiall 
 
 disciplin e. 
 
 Nobles and Gentlemen, I will salute you with a Sentence 
 of mine Author sir John Froysard, The aduentures of 
 armes (saith he) are so diuers, and so far oftentimes 
 beyond expectation, as that their effects causeth great 
 admiration : which saying of his caused me with the 
 more attention to read ouer his works, and finding the 
 same most truly prosecuted through the whole course of 
 his historic, but especially in the actions and aduentures 
 of two famous Captains Sage and Imaginatiue, the one sir 
 John Chandos, and the other sir John GraylUe by name 
 (commonly called the Captall de Buz) it delighted me (as 
 a louer of honor and cheualrie) to note downe their 
 seuerall fortunes with some reasons of their falles, as 
 men may gesse at the judgements of God, and hauing 
 enterprised the publishing thereof, haue dedicated these 
 my labors, such as they be, to your honorable societie : 
 which doings of mine though they may seeme to some 
 men friuolous and not worth your regard, yet doubt I 
 
not but you shall finde matter of benefit valuable to the 
 time you shall therein bestow, both by way of imitation 
 and vertuous emulation, as being a subject that may stir 
 your worthie endeuors to the honor of God, your duti- 
 ful! seruice of hir Maiestie, the benefit of your countrie, 
 and your owne eternall glorie. I haue been carefull to 
 set downe (as my manner is) the Standards pennons, cote 
 armours, and other marks of honor, to the end it may 
 publikely be knowen of what necessitie the vse of them 
 is (as being for that cause first ordeined) how and in 
 what manor they are to be vsed, and to whom they do of 
 right most chiefly and properly appertaine and belong. 
 And these matters being well conceiued (as indeed with- 
 out such tokens no martiall discipline can be exercised, 
 no armie ranged, no attempt of any companie atchieued, 
 and so (by consequence) no conquest made, nor so much 
 as any Commonwealth (whatsoeuer) defended, neither 
 from outward enimies, ciuill discord, nor the rebellion of 
 aay plebian rout, be the same neuer so simple, rude, or 
 of small esteeme) it will (I hope) reduce into estimation 
 a matter both of honor, order, and necessitie, which now 
 (through the abuse thereof) is so far run into contempt, 
 as that (of many men) it is holden for a thing of no price, 
 but thought to be a very mockerie, and a matter of no 
 other sequence, than to set vp vaine and fantastical! 
 glorious fellowes into a pride, and to drawe from them 
 
some small summes to certaine persons into an office 
 instituted, which no doubt was by the wisest and best 
 gouerned states at the first deuised, and generally by all 
 of any policie receiued to a most necessarie end : yet 
 thinke they (as it is now in vse) it serueth but onely for 
 that purpose. And indeed I must by the way complaine, 
 that certaine of the said officers (or others pertaining to 
 them) either for want of skill or maintenance, or other- 
 wise for their gaine, haue committed faults not justifiable, 
 whereby they haue brought a matter of great honor into 
 defame, and injured thereby the Commonwealth, and 
 brought both others that have managed those affaires with 
 more discretion, and themselues into obloquie. But 
 these faults and errors, and some others als© (spoken of 
 in this dedication instituted to that purpose) will in the 
 handling of this matter more easily appeere, and the 
 thing be (I hope) reformed either by the good endeuors 
 which the officers (vnder standing thereof) will vse, or 
 else by the magistrate, when he shall haue knowledge of 
 such the abuses as he may be informed of. And first 
 that Guydhomes ensignes and marks of armorie be of neoes- 
 sitie let it be but considered whether wars be sometimes of 
 necessitie to be taken in hand or not, and surely I think 
 there is none of so very mean capacitie, but will yeeld vnto 
 it that they be : especially defensiue and in some cases also 
 offensiue : which as a thing granted I will ouerpasse. 
 
And then I say further, that wars being lawful and of 
 necessitie, it must also he granted, that the same must he 
 made by companies and hands of men, ouer which some 
 must command, and the rest obey, and then will it follow, 
 that for the ordering & diuiding of those to the best ad- 
 uantage, standards and banners must be allotted to euery 
 companie, to the end they may draw togither in their 
 strength, and performe such actions as they shall be 
 commanded, thus may you see the necessitie. And for 
 the vse it doth also appeer, that sithence some must be 
 commanders, it is of importance that they be known both 
 by the persons ouer whom they command, & generally by 
 al, and that so perspicuously that vpon euery sudden oc- 
 current, the meanest & simplest common Soldier may 
 thereby know euerie particular officer, and captaine that 
 hath charge : for which purpose our ancestors deuise was, 
 that such men should wear some such coate of marke 
 ouer his armor, as whereby they might be easily discerned, 
 to be the same persons which indeed they were: and 
 where sometimes (when occasion so oifered itselfe) they 
 were forced to vse pauishes for their defence, whereby a 
 great part of the marke which was vpon their vesture, 
 was shadowed from light, it was thought necessarie that 
 their markes should be also laide upon their shieldes : 
 the commanders of horse-men (their faces being for the 
 most part covered) they added to the crests of their 
 
helmets some further distinction to be the better also 
 knowen by : thus much for the ordinance and vse of ar- 
 morie. And hereby also may it appeere to whom they 
 do properly belong and apperfcaine, namelie, to King's, 
 Princes, Archbishops, Bishops, Earles, Barons, Lords 
 of prouinces and fees, Knights, officers in the Armie, 
 Nauie or peece, and generallie to all that haue charge 
 ouer bands and companies of soldiers. And now sithence 
 from hencefoorth manie of my speeches will tend to the 
 discouerie of such things as I take to be abused, erronious, 
 or faultie, wherein I may peraduenture not square in 
 opinion with some others, and being my selfe no officer or 
 of any authoritie, whereby, I should haue cause to deale 
 in these affaires. I will therefore first beseech your 
 honors and all others to whom it may appertaine, that if 
 anie thing shall passe my pen which shall be offensiue, 
 that they wil conceive no woorse of it then I meane, 
 which is but to bring these matters of armorie into ques- 
 tion, to the ende that if anie thing be amisse (as ITor my 
 part think manie things are) that then the same may be 
 reformed ; but if happelie I mistake, that then it would 
 please such as be of judgement or skill, to justifie the 
 same as well done, and I shall most willinglie yeeld to 
 authoritie and reason : and so not speaking but vnder 
 correction, I sale that first I find (as I conceiue) some 
 blame to be imputed in your selues which l)e professed 
 
soldiers, that where your ancestors and al others general- 
 lie did in their standards, banners, and pennons shew 
 foorth to the viewe and face of the enemie, certaine faire, 
 ancient, and knowne marks, which their elders for the 
 most part had vsuallie before time carried, or at least 
 themselues had then taken (if they but then were in their 
 rising age) wherby their owne people were in a goodlie 
 and decent order conducted and led, and their enemies 
 verie much terrified, when they should see those marks 
 shewed foorth, the owners whereof had in their me- 
 mories by plaine feat of armes ouerthrowne their pa- 
 rents, or happely themselues, beaten them out of the 
 fielde, razed down their castles and fortresses, sacked 
 their townes and cities, wasted and spoiled their coun- 
 tries, ransomed their people, and generally so daunted 
 and amazed them, that it was sometimes found to be 
 true, that verie bare names of some valiant persons ouer- 
 came whole armies. I cannot but blame you of all sorts 
 which shall make choise of banners (which you call 
 colors) so curtein like and so far from all due orders of 
 ancient bearing as may be, and for your parts which are 
 descended from ancestors of marke, I would be glad to 
 heare any reason from you, to what end you should lay 
 the same a side, and make choise of a curtein in the place 
 thereof. And you others (whose wisedome and value 
 haue gained you the reputation of a charge) I would 
 
gladly also heare from what should mono you to he of 
 that mind, as not to take some conuenient marke, such a 
 one as may be thought meete by authority from you, 
 whereby you may gaine an honor, both to your selues 
 and your posterities, and by your good vsage thereof 
 much enlarge the reputation, you haue by your valours 
 obtained. 
 
 A.n other thing is amiss as I take it, and have great 
 need to be reformed, is the quartering of many marks in 
 one shield, coate, or banner, for sithence it is true that 
 such marks serue to no other vse but for a commander to 
 lead by, or to be known by, it is of necessitie that the 
 same be apparent, faire, and easie to be discerned, so that 
 the quartering of many of them together doth hinder the 
 vse for which they are prouided. As how is it possible 
 for a plaine vnlearned man (who may be as good a soldier 
 in some respects as the best) to discerne and know a 
 sunder, six or eight (what speake I of six or eight) 
 sometimes thirtie or fortie seurall marks ilustered all 
 together in on shield or banner, nay though he had 
 as good skill as Robert Glouer late Somerset that dead 
 is, and the eies of an Egle, amongst such a confu- 
 sion of things, yet should he neuer be able to decipher 
 the errors that are daily committed in this one point, nor 
 discerne or know one banner or standard from another, be 
 the same hoeuer so large ? So that except it be to be 
 
made in a pedegree or descent to locke vp in an euidence 
 chest, thereby to shew mens titles to their lands or the 
 Alliences and kindreds of their houses, otherwise (as I 
 say) I see not to any vse in the world they serue, spe- 
 cially so many together to be made vpon a mans vesture, 
 target or banner, and therfore I could wish that euery 
 man would content himselfe with his owne peculiar coate 
 of name, and not to vse aboue one quartered therewith at 
 the most : which one yet doth not so much trouble the 
 capacitie of a man, but that he may both know and. 
 discerne a banner or shield well ynough. And this one 
 do I the rather esteeme well of to be borne, for that a 
 Prince or Noble man making challenge or title to any 
 Countrie (for which he is forced to make warres before 
 he can obtaine it) it will be a goodly thing for him to 
 shew forth his standard of the Armes of that Countrie 
 quartered with his owne amongst those people which in 
 reason and conscience owe him duety and obedience, to 
 the end that they may thereby be the sooner induced to 
 submit themselves to their true and LawfuU Soueraine, 
 as his subjects. And for that cause (as I take it) King 
 Edward the third and his valiant sonnes deuised and 
 shewed foorth the Armes of France and England quar- 
 tered together, and although my Author saith Jaques 
 Dartnell, a honie trier of Gaunt was the first deuiser 
 thereof, yet will I not beleeue otherwise, but that the 
 
9 
 
 principall reasons tliat led the king thereto, was to make 
 knowne the justnes of his title to that kingdome where 
 he then intended to make warres. But now it may be 
 objected, sithence a Prince or great Lord may haue title 
 to seuerall Countries, that therefore it is necessarie for 
 him to beare all such tokens or marks as he hath title 
 too : To this I answer, that although I could yeeld to 
 them (but that it will bring the confusion aforesaid) yet 
 is it of no such necessity, for that a man needs to shew 
 his title onely to them whom he means to subdue : and if 
 it should fortune that he had title to diuers and seuerall 
 Countries, and that he would make warres to them all at 
 once, yet should it not be needful to him to shew foorth 
 any more marks quartered in one standard, but onely 
 vnto euery seuerall countrie the Armes of that nation 
 quartered with his owne. But this being the case of 
 Kings and Princes, wherein (amongst others) our most 
 famous, noble and worthy kings and princes of this land, 
 haue shewed themselues most prudent and wise, to what 
 purpose is it that others being but commanders vnder 
 their prince, and which of themselues haue neither title 
 to countrie nor are able to maintain wars, should in their 
 princes seruice pester their banners and shields with such 
 an infinite number as many do ? And in this point I 
 cannot ynough commend the Baron of Stafford, who 
 herein sheweth his great skill and temperance, for al- 
 
10 
 
 though his Ancestors haue had title to quarter the marks 
 of that valiant Thomas of Woodstocke (youngest sonne 
 of king Edward the third) Earle of Buckingham and 
 Duke of Glocester, of Bohune Earle of Hereford and 
 Northanton and High Constable of England : and also 
 of that great house of Somerset, which by their ancestor 
 John Earle of Somerset, (younger sonne to John of 
 Gaunt) descended from the same king Edward the third, 
 (I omit to speake of diners Barons and others of greate 
 estate, whose heires ])oth with revenue and honor en- 
 larged greatly his family) yet the said Baron contents 
 himselfe with the paternall marke of his house, and neuer 
 so much as dreams of any other, far differing from a 
 number of meaner persons, who if they possesse any 
 mannor or lands by descent, albeit their ancestors married 
 the heire of the same many hundred yeers agone, and 
 whose parents peraduenture neuer did beare any marke, 
 or if they did (time hauing obscured the same) it remain- 
 eth vnknown : yet shall you haue them run to an Herald 
 or painter, as busily as if the matter were of weight, and 
 there make search they know not for what, and the herald 
 or painter (on the other side) to draw some small peece of 
 siluer from them, will find out the badge of some one or 
 other of the same name, although many times none of the 
 kindred, and may be neuer came neare that country, and 
 that will they inuest them as their owne, and sometimes 
 
11 
 
 (when HO marke for any of the name will be found) then 
 deuise some conceit or other, and say they find it borne 
 by such a name, and content them wonderously therewith, 
 which serues yet to no other vse, but to make up a iust 
 number, whereby their owne marks become the more 
 confused : and yet into this quartering (being a very 
 fountaine of errors) many both Noblemen and Gen- 
 tlemen, and the officers of Armes themselues, do often- 
 times very rashly enter. It is not long sithence there 
 died a knight in StaiFordshire of good account, and (in 
 his life time) was a deputie Lieuetenant there, to doe his 
 obsequie came an officer of Armes, who compiled for him 
 nine seuerall marks all in one Escuchion, and yet neuer 
 a one of them (as they were there set foorth) to him be- 
 longing, but his owne of name. And as I have giuen 
 you this one for an instance, so almost can a man come 
 into no towne of any account, nor almost into any Church 
 or house of Nobleman or Gentleman, but he shall find 
 errors, so that the numbers thereof be infinite : It were 
 therefore to be wished that this matter of quartering 
 should be reformed, as well for the vntruths therin com- 
 mitted, as for the titles that may be brought in question 
 thereby to lands and Heritages : And as being one of the 
 chiefest things that bringeth the honor of Armory into 
 disgrace : for not long agoe heard I one speake in this 
 maner, did I not (quoth he) know the grandfather of this 
 
12 
 
 man (speaking of the owner of a scucliion wherein were 
 quartered many marks) to purchase by plaine patent 
 (although he neuer were man at Armes) both his coate 
 and crest within these fortie yeers, and how comes it 
 now to passe that I see his nephew inuested in all this 
 Armorie ? (numbring many and diuers seuerall deuices 
 all in one shield by way of quartering) this being a very 
 mockerie to see a man of no valure or estimation in war- 
 like affaires, and the paternall Ancestors of whom (for 
 ought that can be prooued) were not in any late age 
 welders of Armes, to entrude themselues into so many 
 badges of Armorie is not the least matter to bring into 
 contempt an order so honorable and necessarie, as the 
 bearing of Armes is. 
 
 Another matter that to my vnderstanding is also to be 
 reformed, is the manner of differings, which are by the 
 yoonger brothers and their posterities laid vpon their 
 marks, being cressants, mollets, &c. and that such little 
 ones, as that a man cannot discerne them a verie small 
 distance from him, which differences are in reason to be 
 made faire, plaine, and large that they may be also as 
 easie to be discouered as any other deuise that is in the 
 coate, shield, or banner, otherwise they serue not to the 
 purpose for which marks were first ordeined. And the 
 inconuenience which ensueth of this error will the more 
 easily appeere, if I but set you downe the words of mine 
 
18 
 
 Author (treating of an accident that happened in such a 
 case) which be these : Et feiss msr Robert Baileul aler 
 sa Banniere tout deuant en escriant moriannes les 
 Henuiers qui ia estoint esthauses Aperceurent la Ban- 
 niere de moriannes qui encore estoit tout Droicte, si 
 cuiderent que ce feust la leur ou il se deuoient radesser, 
 car mult petite y auoit de difference de lune a Vautre, 
 car les Armes moriennes sount Barres contre Barres 
 d' Argent 8^ d' Azure a deux Cheurons de Gueules, et le 
 cheuron de msr Robert auoit vne petite crosete d'or, si 
 ne V aduiserent mye bien les hennuiers ainsi viedrent 
 bouter de fait dessubs la Banniere de msr Robert, si 
 furent moult jierement reboutes et tous discomfis : For 
 these henowers being led by sir William Baileul thought 
 in the stir and busines to haue come to his banner hear- 
 ing the surname of Moriens called vpon, and seeing as 
 they supposed their captains ensigne, and the difference 
 of sir Roberty being the yoonger brother, but a little 
 crosse vpon the vpper cheuron they could not apperceaue, 
 so that the most of them were either slaine or taken, and 
 the elder brother the Knight their leader was glad to saue 
 himselfe as well as he might : The Lord of Cowcie 
 Sonne in law to king Edward the third, suffered also 
 reproch through the hard dealings of the Lord of Chine 
 who raised his banner against certaine Englishmen of sir 
 Hucjh Caueleys company, being either the same that 
 
14 
 
 Cowcies was, or the dilBPerence so small as miglit not be 
 discerned, whereby the said Lord Cowcie though he were 
 absent as far as Austrich, had dishonor spoken of him as 
 in the discourse of the Capitall I haue touched. 
 
 Thus then hauing shewed by example the harme and 
 inconuenience that cannot but many times happen through 
 the littlenes and nicenes of such differences, I haHie 
 thought it not amisse to laie before you the differings 
 that antiquitie vsed, that by comparing them togither you 
 may discerne the great wisedome of our ancestors and 
 our owne imperfections in this point, for want of due 
 consideration : which was done at the first by changing 
 of the deuise borne into other colors onely, but when 
 that would not suffice for the number of leaders (manie 
 times of one house) then were they forced to varie their 
 markes by adding of either bars, bends, cheurons, cheefes, 
 quarters, borders, labels, losinges, or such like, and verie 
 seldome should you see in those times cressant, mollet, 
 or such like small • little thing borne for a difference, and . 
 if anie did, yet was the same made so large and faire that 
 it might be seene as well as any other the deuise which 
 should be in the shielde or banner. And for the proofe, 
 I will giue you the example but of one house onelie for 
 your better information (though I could do the like of 
 manie others) namely that of the Bassets, who indeed 
 (in my iudgement) varied their markes of honor verie 
 finelie, and that vpon good respect : 
 
Pll. 
 
15 
 
 For Ralph Basset (the sonne of Thurstine who came 
 in with the Conqueror) which Ralph (as it is said) deuised 
 the Lawe of Franke pledge, and manie other good lawes, 
 being lusticiarius Anglice^ hauing fower sonnes, to wit, 
 Thurstine, Thomas, Richard, and Nicholas, the first and 
 last both failing, the issue of the one being extinct, and 
 the other ouerthrowne by standing against king Henrie 
 the second with king Steuen : The sonne of Thomas went 
 away with his ancestors marke without distinction (being 
 vndie golde and red.) (Plate 1. Fig. 1.) 
 
 But the sonnes of Richard Bassett being aduanced by 
 their mother Mauld, the daughter and heire of Sir Geffrey 
 Rydell\iXi\^t, varied the markes of the said Geffrey, in this 
 manner : first, Geffrey Lord of Witering the eldest sonne 
 of Richard Basset and the said Mauld, (surnaming him- 
 selfe Rydell) the progenie of him bare golde three pals 
 red, with a scarffe or bende of blewe ouer all. (Plate 1. 
 Fig, 2.) 
 
 Ralph Basset the eldest sonne of Richard, which Ri- 
 chard and Mauld Rydell, and to whom his mother gaue 
 the Baronie of Weldon, bare gold three pals red, a border 
 of Steele studded with gold compassing the same about. 
 Plate 1. Fig. 3.) 
 
 Also Ralph Basset, the sonne of Ralph, third sonne of 
 Richard Basset S^ Mauld, to whom the said Richard 
 gaue the Baronie of Drayton in Staffordshire, bare gold 
 three pals red, with a quarter of Brittain. (Plate 1. Fig. 4:.) 
 
16 
 
 And Roger Basset of Warwickshire varied from Dray- 
 ton, changing the pals into blacke. {Plate 2. Fiff. 1.) 
 
 But Ralph Basset (descended from William Basset 
 Baron of Sapcote in Leicestershire, which William was 
 Justice in itinere, and yoongest sonne of Richard Basset 
 and Mauld Rydell, his wife) (hauing no aduancement by 
 the house of Rydell) detained vndie the deuise of the 
 Bassets, and onelie changed the colors thereof into sileur 
 and blacke : (Plate 2. Fig. 2.) 
 
 And Sir Ralph Basset of Chedle knight (a yoonger 
 Sonne of Sapcote) varied from that house, by adding to 
 his deuise of waues, a red Labell, whereunto he was 
 forced by reason the progenie of Thomas Basset had 
 manie waies varied the saide vndie, by changing the color 
 thereof. {Plate 2. Fig. 3.) 
 
 As lohn Basset of North Luffenham in Eutlandshire 
 bare it, varied into white and red : {Plate 2. Fig. 4.) 
 
n.u. 
 
 Kg.3. 
 
 Kg.4. 
 
 c^ c~) (^ r 
 
 P47ynj 
 
 ruruns 
 
i<?.I. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 Ki^.2. 
 
 
 Fi0-.3. 
 
 F'ig.^. 
 
17 
 
 And Allen Basset Baron of Wicombe, differed this de- 
 uise of vndie into white and blew, from whom the San* 
 fords descending assumed the same marke, and now 
 Browning beareth it as being descended from an heire of 
 Sanfords. {Plate 3. Fig. 1.) 
 
 The house of Chedle yet after this diuiding it selfe into 
 two branches, lohn Basset of new place (being of the 
 yoonger house) left the Labell, and charged the blacke 
 vnds with manie besants dispersed all ouer them. {Plate 3. 
 Fig, 2.) 
 
 But after all this (about the time of king Edward the 
 third) the line of Ralph Basset of Chedle being extin- 
 guished : Simon Basset Baron of Sapcote (descended 
 from the forenamed William) and sir lohn Basset of 
 Blore knight, (heire to the aboue named lohn Basset of 
 new place) both of them (I know not the cause why) at 
 one instant (as I thinke) relinquished their deuise of 
 vndie, and inuested themselues into ridels : that is to say, 
 Simon into the pals charged with a quarter varrie white 
 and blewe, and sir lohn into the same, with a quarter 
 siluer, and a blacke Griifon thereon. {Plate 3. Figs. 
 3 and 4.) 
 
18 
 
 And in Tamwoorth Church (neere to Drayton) well and 
 olde there standeth gold three pals red, a quarter siluer 
 and a crosse patie blacke thereon. {Plate 4.) 
 
 Thus haue I set downe vnto you (though something 
 tediouslie) the vse that the antiquitie followed in a verie 
 glorious line, for Lords, Knights and Gentlemen, which 
 florished diuers hundreds of yeeres sithence, and you may 
 see that these men (though they were manie of them 
 great Barons) were not ashamed of their differences, but 
 laide them foorth largely to the view, neither do I esteeme 
 it a shame wherby any man should couet to hide the 
 same, to be descended as a yoonger brother, sithence that 
 euerie brother (hauing the like parents) is as well des- 
 cended as the eldest, and therefore as good a Gentleman 
 (though not so rich) as he. And the more is his honor, 
 if without the helpe which by reason of his patrimonie the 
 elder hath, he can aduance himselfe into place of office or 
 dignitie, whereby he may raise an other florishing familie 
 of the same surname : And therefore you my masters 
 that be yoonger brothers, neuer hide your differences by 
 putting foorth a little cressant, or a peeping moUet, but 
 vse some faire large deuise, sithence in truth your esti- 
 mation is by your rising to be had in as good a regard as 
 if you were the elder. 
 
 And now being in speech of yoonger brothers and their 
 
H.IV: 
 
19 
 
 differences, I haue obserued two kinds of them which the 
 antiquitie vsed, (besides the aforesaid) one was, that such 
 as were aduanced by Kings, Princes, or other great 
 Lords, did manie times beare some part of the deuise of 
 him who aduanced them, by way of addition vuto the 
 marke of their owne familie, which serued verie aptlie to 
 distinguish them from their elder house. 
 
 The other was, that diuers did adde unto the marke of 
 their owne house, some part of the deuise of that familie 
 from which their mothers descended, and both these two 
 kinds of differings are (in my minde) greatly to be com- 
 mended, not onely for that they may be made large and 
 apparent, and for that cause serue very properly to the 
 vse for which Badges are ordained, but also that the one 
 makes manifest a grateful minde (in him that is aduanced) 
 to his prince or lord of whom he receiued benefit, and by 
 reason thereof linketh them together in a kinde of amitie, 
 which seldome or neuer is worne out, and by that meanes 
 a great strengthening it is vnto both houses. 
 
 The other not onely serueth to vnite the families which 
 haue matched togither in the foresaid loue and amitie, 
 and thereby worketh the like effect, but besides it sheweth 
 the certainty of the descending of the said yoonger brother 
 out of both the said houses, and also giueth knowledge 
 of the time thereof, whereby if any title of inheritance be 
 at any time cast vpon the yoonger brother, either descend- 
 
20 
 
 ing from ancestor of tlie fathers side, or mothers, it gines 
 him a testimonie of his title, and witnesseth vnto the 
 world the truth of his descent hy the continuall bearing 
 of that deuise, so that this kind may (many times) worke 
 profit to the bearer, and auoid many troubles and sutes : 
 and therefore into one of these kind of diiFerings could I 
 wish our yoonger brothers, which from hencefoorth shal 
 be aduanced, to inuest them selues, as being both hono- 
 rable, faire, certaine, and profitable. But now it may be 
 objected that the order in vse sheweth plainly ynough the 
 diuersitie of brothers, as the cressant a second, the mollet 
 the third, that by this means the matters are made cer- 
 taine : to this I answere, that first the time is not (by this 
 means) signified, neither can it be known which of the 
 Cressant bearers was the vncle or nephew. And further 
 it is a very vsuall matter for euery new Riser at this day, 
 if he can find that there is any of the like Surname that 
 beareth marke, presently to usurpe the same with a 
 Cressant or some such a difference, so that (for my owne 
 part) I do seldome credit such kinde of differinges nor 
 their bearers, vnles it be by some other testimony or 
 proofe made manifest, which cannot be counterfetted so 
 well in the other deuise, except the riser should be 
 throughly acquainted with the descent of him whose line 
 he seeketh to intrude himselfe into, and besides, it may 
 be the sooner espied by them of the true line & forbidden, 
 
21 
 
 nor the other dare (for feare thereof) so soone venter the 
 committing of a falsitie. But what a confusion is it 
 when you shall see the second of a second brother, and 
 sometimes an other second from him, to cluster one 
 Cressant vpon an other, many times three or foure, one on 
 horseback vpon an other, where as by the aforesaid bear- 
 ing of the difference from the Prince, Lord, or mothers 
 family, a man may better distinguish the brothers and 
 set downe for a second, a third, a fourth, &c. And after 
 from those againe, in a fairer, larger, and more apparent 
 manner : And the more apt am I to speake against these 
 ordinary diiFerences (as they are called) knowing them 
 to be but new inuentions, and any of them as ordinaries 
 (in fashion as now they are) neuer vsed before the time 
 of King Henrie the sixt, before which time men were 
 much more warie and discreet in bearing of their marks, 
 and in foreseeing that no intruders should enter into their 
 families, nor that any should lay away or remoue their 
 differings without speciall warrant or license of them that 
 thereby might be preiudiced : for a Labell being much in 
 vse for the heire apparent (to wear as his difference dur- 
 ing his fathers life) was seldome remooued to the second 
 brother, but when the inheritance went vnto the daugh- 
 ters of the elder brother, and then the second was per- 
 mitted to beare the same for his difference, as being the 
 heire male of his familie and as one that remained in 
 
11 
 
 expectancie, yet might not the second brother vse to 
 intrude himselfe into the absolute signes of his house (the 
 inheritance being in his neeces or kinswoman) as appeared 
 in the case betweene Gray of Kuthine and Hastings^ 
 which was this : 
 
 lohn Lord Hastings married to his first wife Izahell 
 one of the sisters and heires of Almerie de vallence Earle 
 of Penbrooke, by whom he had issue lohn Hastings 
 (after Earle of Penbrooke) Elizabeth (married to Roger 
 Lord Gray of Euthin) and some other children which 
 needs not to be spoken of, for that (as I take it) al the 
 lines of them failed before the extinguishing of the line of 
 the said lohn Earle of Penbrooke : after (such issue being 
 had) the said Izahell Vallence died, and the said lohn 
 Lord Hastings tooke to a second wife Izahell the daugh- 
 ter of Hugh Spenser, by whom he had issue Hugh Hast- 
 ings, and Thomas, and then died, and left as heire lohn 
 his son by his first wife (who was Earle of Penbrooke as 
 I haue said, erected by reason of his mothers inheritance) 
 which lohn Earle of Penbrooke married and had issue an 
 other Earle of Pembroke, but in the end all the line of 
 the said John Hastings (first Earle of Penbrooke of that 
 familie) fayling, there arose a question betwixt the heires 
 of Roger Gray and Elizabeth his wife being sister (of 
 the whole blood) and the heires of Hugh Hastings brother 
 (of the halfe blood) to the said lohn Earle of Penbrooke, 
 
23 
 
 for the inlieritance of the Hastings. But Gray recouer- 
 ing the same (by the law that saith, Possessio fratris de 
 feodo simplici facit sororem esse hceredem) called the 
 said Hastings also (hauing remooued the difference of his 
 marke for that he was then heire male of that house) into 
 the Court of cheualry, and there hauing a iudgment 
 against him, the said Hastings was compelled to vse a 
 difference (which was a Label of silver) vpon his marke, 
 a faire red sleeue of his Ladies vpon his golden vesture : 
 Since which the heires of that yoonger familie have vsed 
 the said Labell euen untill this onr age. So that you 
 may see by this that the law was then taken to be such, 
 that such an heire male as had not the inheritance of his 
 Ancestors should not be suffered to beare his marke 
 without distinction, for it should seeme (by this) that the 
 issue of them that had married the heire generall of any 
 familie (being by reason thereof possessed of the lands) 
 had not onely an interest in the Armes, but might also 
 forbid any man the bearing thereof: and moreouer it 
 would also appeare that the law was then supposed to be 
 such, that the owner of every marke might dispose of the 
 same, as of his lands and inheritance, and that the Donee 
 had power (by vertue of such gift) to vse the same as his 
 owne proper Armorie, for I haue seene a deed importing 
 thus much : 
 
24 
 
 A tons yceux qui Cestes lettres verrount ou orrount 
 Thomas le fytz monsr lohn de Herovill Chr. Salutz 
 en deuyn Sachetz moy auoir done 8^ Grauntte A Roger 
 de Wyrley vn escquchoun darmes queil iamoy par des- 
 cent apres le mart lohn mone frere ceste a sauoir 
 lesquchoun de sable ou deus leouns passantz d^argent 
 Coronez et vnglez de or ou vne flour deliz de Azvre 
 deuz pies Auzir 8; tenire A dit Roger 8^ ses Heyrs a 
 tous iours le auandit esquchioun a dit Roger Wyrley ^ 
 ses Heyrs en Contre toutez Gens Garrantt : En temoig- 
 nanc de quell Choses a Cestz escriptz ay meys mon 
 Seall per yceux tesmoignesy lohn de Bredwas, Roger 
 Basset, lohn de Herouile, William Herouile, John Di- 
 mockf et autres Estptz a Westhromwich le mardy pro- 
 chayn avant le Chaundelme Ian du regne le roy Ed- 
 ward 3 : puis le Conquest quarente vnsieme. 
 
 And for proofe that the saide grant was not made with- 
 out warrant of law authorizing the same, the said Roger 
 Wyrley although he and diuers others his ancestors bare 
 other armes as proper to their owne familie long before 
 the said time, as may appeere by diuers and sundrie 
 peeces of euidence sealed with the same, dated many 
 yeeres before this grant : yet did the said Roger vse and 
 beare the said cote by Heronvile to him granted by 
 
n.v. 
 
25 
 
 Vertue of the said deed, aftet the same was to hiitl 
 granted, as by diuers seales and other moniments thereof 
 may appeere, so that the vse concurred with the grantj 
 and therefore not to be doubted but that the law did theil 
 take the said grant to be good and vailable. And for a 
 further proofe, amongst diuers I will giue you one other 
 testimonie, and so leaue to trouble you any more in this 
 point. 
 
 A tons yceux qui Cestes pre^entz lettre^ verroitnt oil 
 orrount moy lean Dowmvill de modherlegh saluts ert 
 dieu : Come moy 8^ Cecilice ma feme Auons ordegneij 
 que margerie nostre fille 8^ les heyrs de son Corps 
 engendres seruont enherites si bien de ma heyritage la 
 dite Cecile 8f auer apres nostre deces come per fines 
 leues en playn Countee de Cestre poetApparere plus 
 apleyn. Sachent tons Gewi qui p. celle cause Sf autres 
 causes qui me moeuont ie a ville ordeigne doune ^ 
 graunt p. y cestes qui Thomas de Holes fiiz et Heyre 
 Aparaunt lauant dite margeri quile Thomas ie appele Sf 
 teigne mon fitz demesne eit 8^ eniouse a luy 8^ ses Heyres 
 a tons iours mes entier Armes a porter 8^ vser apres 
 mon deces, dont les Colors sont Cestasauer Ie Chiffe 
 d'azure ove vne Icon rampant d'afgent ouesq vn6 collet 
 de Gules : Et prie a dit Thomas 8^ luy Charge saUoif 
 ma heneson de portere 8^ vser les ditz Armes en Id 
 forme suys dtee : en Tesmoignaunce ce quil chose a ce^i 
 
26 
 
 6scrit ia y meis mon Seale de les Jrmes Auani dites p. 
 y cestes tesmoygnes : Edward le raascy Hue de Holes 
 Thomas de Swettenham 8^ Autres, done A modherleyh le 
 darrey ioure de mars Ian du Reigne le roy Richard 2 : 
 p7iis le Conquest Seszime. {For Seal see Plate 6.) 
 
 And this law (I thinke) was grounded vpon this reason, 
 that forasmuch as euery tenant that held lands by a 
 knights fee was tied to do his Lord escuage or shield 
 seruice proportionable to the tenure he held, it is agreeable 
 vnto equitie that he may giue or leaue his Armour to 
 such a person, as he meaneth to make owner of his herit- 
 age, whereby he shall be bound to the same seruice that 
 himselfe by the said law was charged to do, as hauing 
 \vith the marke maintenance answerable thereto. And 
 that this matter was of regard in my Authors time, it 
 appeereth by the request both of sir lohn Chandos him-- 
 selfe, made to the Prince of Wales (as in the discourse of 
 him I haue touched) and of sir Thomas Triuet (a gallant 
 soldier of that time) speaking to the Earle of Bucking- 
 ham, being rested before the citie of Troy« in Fraunce, 
 ^n this manner) the words of my Author concerning this) 
 matter be these : Et msr Thomas Triuett apporta sa han- 
 nierc toute enueloppe deuant le Countie de Bucqiienham, 
 et lui dist monseigneur sil vous plaist ie desuelopperay 
 auiourdui ma hanniere car deu mercy iay asses de 
 
37 
 
 reuenue pour maintenir estate comme a la banniere 
 appartient : il noust plaist hien respondit le counte, &c 
 so that by this the thing is manifested, for that the 
 chiefest reasons wherhy they thought to induce (the one) 
 the Prince, and (the other) the Earle, to giue them leaue 
 to raise their banners, was, that they had sufficient reuenue 
 to maintaine the estate that to a banner did appertaine. 
 And it may also appeere, that it is not necessarie for any 
 to haue marks, but such as be warfaring men, hauing 
 either reuenues to maintaine soldiers, or at least a charge, 
 or some office pertaining to men at armes vnder their So- 
 ueraigne : which thing if it were performed according to 
 reason, there should not need so many mollets and cres- 
 sants for to distinguish yoonger brethren, for that none 
 but such as medled with warlike affaires haue need of 
 Armore, and they (I doubt not) would for their owne 
 necessitie be forced to vse somemore large and apparent 
 deuise than such little ones, as be now (of no value) in 
 vse. 
 
 There is also another matter out of square, which is, 
 that euerie man that obtaineth large possessions (whether 
 the same be acquired by his iudgment in law, traffike in 
 marchandize, or any other raeane) yea although neuer 
 any of his progenitors (from whom he can deriue himseKe) 
 had the charge to lead men of armes, will yet at this day 
 intrude theniselues into the badges and marks of soldiers : 
 
2S 
 
 for al though such as he descended from men of martiall 
 discipline, have an interest in their ancestors marks 
 (amongst other their goods) and therefore may shew 
 foorth the same to their predecessors glorie, and their 
 owne (in respect of their descent) yet such men as rise by 
 their sciences, iudgements, or skill in other arts, affaires, 
 pr trades (although they be to be reuerenced for their 
 wise4onie Sf praisefull actions, and had iu honor answer- 
 able to their vertues and dignities) haue yet little to do 
 with the marks or badges of soldiers. For although a 
 yeuerent ludge that hath ministred law and iustice a long 
 time (and that so long as that thereby to his great glorie) 
 }ie hath obtained reputation, wealth, and reuenue, is to be 
 had in high estimation, and in respect thereof to haue 
 allowed him some note or marke of honor fit for his call- 
 ing, yet (to nay simple iudgement) the same should be 
 disposed vnto him after the old Romane order by signify- 
 ing the manner of his rising, rather than to put a corselet 
 on his back, a burgonet on his head, a target on his arme, 
 and a sword by his side, being things that would cumber 
 greatly the good old man to vse, either for his owne de- 
 fence, or but to shew (by way of triumph) for his glorie, 
 sithence neither is it tolerable (by reason of his age) nor 
 in his youth did he exercise himself^ in welding thereof. 
 And as these things are vnseeming for him to weare, no 
 inore can I see any reason why he should deck vp the 
 
29 
 
 jnoniments of his house with such signes or tokens, ex- 
 cept he can deriue himselfe from an ancestor that hath 
 had the vse of such things, and then (to set them foorth 
 as a glorie to his deceased parent) will greatly augment 
 the regard of his rising, which rising yet (of it selfe) is a 
 sufficient honor, the same being by any iust, vertuous, 
 or laudable meanes. And these new risings T could wish 
 to be of more reputation than they seeme to be esteemed 
 of, either by others, or themselues that so rise, as is ap- 
 parent by manie of their dooings, who intrude themselues 
 into marks of Antiquitie, and setting foorth of descents, 
 wherein they are yet faine many times either to counter- 
 fet, or else to deriue themselues from some poore parents, 
 which they (either truly, or by surmize) alledge to haue 
 descended from some ancient familie, and that haue been 
 by some accident or other in former time decaied : where- 
 in methinkes men do greatly mistake the matter, for 
 that (in my opinion) a man that is but of meane parentage 
 and riseth by commendable meanes, is equivalent to him 
 that riseth from a decaied familie, namely when his said 
 parent hath been ouerthrowne for offence, as many times 
 they alledge (in plaine termes) which yet is to be vnder- 
 stood although it were neuer spoken of. for that God in 
 his iustice (seldome I suppose) ouerthroweth any of 
 estate, except for some great offence by some of the house 
 committed, although (peraduenture) the same lies hid ta 
 
30 
 
 the world & appeereth not. But this being an argument 
 that is daily in question amongst learned men, I will 
 leaue to them to be discussed, and returne to my former 
 purpose, which is, that I could wish euery man that 
 raiseth a house by his good industry, should be honored 
 with some such badge or marke, as should be answerable 
 to the qualitie of his rising, and not euerie man of what 
 condition soeuer they be, to entrude themselues into the 
 signes and markes of soldiers, and such as follow the 
 field with martiall exploits. 
 
 Some people also there are that be so precise, as that 
 they do disallowe altogither the setting foorth of any 
 memory of well deseruing men, which haue shewed them- 
 selues valiant either in the Act of Religion, their Princes 
 ^eruice, or defence of their countrie, neither allowing 
 their posteritie to set foorth any memorie of their praises, 
 nor suffering any moniments or garnishments to remaine 
 of their burials, as though it were a matter offensiue to 
 God to haue goodmen well spoken of, or their valorous; 
 doings by their obsequies either reuerenced, or by anie 
 records remenibred : To such men I haue not thought it 
 amisse to shew them their error by directing them to 
 such places of Scripture as do not onely tolerate and 
 allow of such actions, but also praise and commend the 
 dooing thereof, and in some sorte charge and command 
 the same to be done, wherby both they may (if they be 
 
31 
 
 hot obstinate) reforme their misconceaued opinions, and 
 others may be fortified in their praisefull endeauours to- 
 wards the honoring of vertuous and woorthie men, to the 
 animating of posteritie to imitate their laudable actions, 
 sithence indeed the chiefest matter that stirreth vp men 
 to do well next their zeale to God, and the loue of vertue 
 it selfe, is to thinke that not onely their soules shall be 
 rewarded with the mercies of God, but also that their 
 doings shall be had in a reuerent remembrance with the 
 reports of all good men that shall speake of them : And 
 first, that the vsing, bearing and setting foorth of Ban- 
 ners, Ensignes and markes of armorie are allowable by 
 the sacred scriptures, it appeareth by the holie Evangelist 
 Saint Luke recording the peregrination of Saint Paul, 
 and speaking of armorie without reprehension (which he 
 would not haue done had the vse thereof been ofFensiue) 
 in this sort : 
 
 Post menses autem tres nauigauimus in naui Alexan- 
 drina, qua in insula Hi/emauerat, cui erat insigne Cas- 
 torum, (Act. Ajpost. cap, 28.) 
 
 And in the booke of Numeri God by his prophet Mou- 
 ses commandeth his people of Israel to deuide and dispose 
 themselues into companies by their Ensignes & Banners 
 s])eaking vnto them in these words : 
 
 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen 8^ Aaron, dicens, 
 ^inguli, per turmas, Signa, atque vexilla, ^ domos 
 
32 
 
 cognationnm suarnm, castrametahuntur, filiorum Israel 
 per Gyrum tab ernaculi foederis, {Num. cap. 2.) 
 
 So that by this you may see, that as these matters be 
 no new inuentions of men, so they are also things allow- 
 able by the word of God. 
 
 Neither do obsequies or moriiments ensuing woorthie 
 acts want the authoritie of Scriptures, for in the booke of 
 Numeri it is written thus : 
 
 Cumque accessissent principes exercitus ad Moysen, 
 Sf^ Tribuni, centurionesque dixeritnt, nos serui iui recen- 
 suimus numerum pufjnatorum, quos habuimus sub manu 
 nostra : 8^ ne vnus quidem defuit ob hanc causam offeri- 
 mus in donarijs Domini singuli quod in prceda auri 
 potuimus imienire, periscelides Sf Armillas, annulos 8^ 
 dextralia, ac murenulas, S^c, Et susceptum intulerunt 
 in Tabernaculum testimonij in monimentum coram Dom- 
 ino. {Num. cap. 31.) 
 
 And in another place of Numeri thus : 
 Locutusq est Dominus ad Moysen^ dicens, praecipe 
 EUazaro filio Aaron sacerdoti, vt tollat Thuribula quce 
 iacent in incendio, <^ ignem hue illucque dispergat : 8^c. 
 producatque ea in laminas, ^ ciffigcit altari : ^c. vt 
 cernant ea pro signo S^ monimento filij Israel, {Num. 
 cap. 16.) 
 
 Also in the booke of losua I find these words : 
 Et ait losue ad eos, ite ante arcam Domini Dei vestri 
 
33 
 
 ad lordanis medium, <^ portate inde singuli singulos 
 lapides in humeris vestris, iuxta numerum jiliorum 
 Israel, vt sit signum inter vos : Sf quando interroga- 
 uerint vos filij vestri eras, dicentes, quid sibi volunt 
 isti lapides ? Respondehitis defecerunt aquce lordanis 
 ante arcam foederis Domini, cum transiret eum, idcirco 
 positi sunt lapides isti in monimentum jiliorum Israel 
 vsque in externum. {losue lib. cap. 4.) 
 
 A.nd for the disposing of heritages it is written thus : 
 Homo cum mortuus fuerit absq jilio, ad filiam eius 
 transibit hcereditas, si filiam non habuerit, habebit sue- 
 cessores Jratres suos. quod si Sf fratres non fuerint, 
 dabitis hcereditatem fratribus patris eius. sin autem nee 
 patruos habuerit, dabitur hcereditas his qui ei proximi 
 sunt. Eritque hoc filijs Israel sanctum lege perpetua 
 sicut prcecepit Dominus Moysi. {Num. cap. 27.) 
 
 And for the collection of Genealogies thus saith God to 
 Moyses and Eleasar : Numerate omnem summam fili- 
 orum Israel a viginti annis et supra, per domos 8^ cog- 
 nationes suas, cunctos qui possunt ad bella procedere : 
 S^e. Ruben primogenitus Israel huius filius, Henoch, a 
 quo familia Henochitarum : 8^ Phallii, a quo familia 
 Phalluitarum : Sf Hesron, a quo familia Hesronitarum. 
 {Num. cap. 26.) And for a further proofe of the re- 
 cording of Genealogies, it is to be considered how dili- 
 gently the same hath beene obserued through the whole 
 
34 
 
 course of the Scriptures, as the descents from Adam to 
 Noe, and from Noe to Abraham, Sfc. do sufficiently 
 testifie. And more that with the spirit of truth the 
 Genealogie of Christ our Sauiour and redeemer as con- 
 cerning his humanitie is also by the writing of his holie 
 Euangelistes most plainelie and sincerely remembred and 
 set downe. All these things being therefore by the 
 Scriptures of God, the decider of all controuersies, prooued 
 and declared : Your Lordships may see that the bearing 
 of Armes, raising and aduancing of Standerds, Banners 
 and Ensignes, vsing of obsequies, erecting of moniments, 
 enroling and regestrings of pedegrees and descentes haue 
 ioyned to the auncient customes and Lawes both of this 
 Land and all other nations, the authoritie of Gods word 
 being very well accompanied with discretion, reason and 
 iudgement, for God hauing by his sacred institution, 
 ordeined Kingdomes, Prouinces, and Seignories, and that 
 ouer them Kings, Princes and Magistrates, shall com- 
 maund, rule and gouerne his people, to the ende chiefely 
 that his heauenly kingdome may be replenished with the 
 blessed soules of his seruants, for the instructing whereof 
 he hath also ordeined his holy Church, and the Bishops, 
 pastors and ministers of the same, which Bishops and 
 other spirituall officers cannot so wel enforme his Christ- 
 ian people without the aid of the said Kings and temporall 
 Lords : neither can they gouerne their particular Countries 
 
35 
 
 either from the inuasion of outv/ard tyrants or inward 
 rebels, but through the vse of their sword of iustice, 
 which sword cannot be exercised against vnruly persons 
 being of strength wanting men skilful in Martiall Disci- 
 pline, who cannot manage those affaires but by meane of 
 the aforesaid Armes and ensignes, in maner as before I 
 haue more largly expressed : And in like sort as Princes, 
 great Lords, ludges, Magistrates and Gouernors, do vse to 
 weare sacred Robes of gold, purple, scarlet, and other 
 ornaments and apparell, not to take pride in, or for any 
 vaine ostentation or show, but onely that they may be 
 distinguished from the inferior people, to the end that a 
 reuerent regard may be had of them in respect of the 
 high office which vnder God here on earth they beare. 
 And as these things no man of any reason will gainsay, 
 so I see not but as wel may their iust vertues and good 
 gouernment be remembered with funerals, obsequies, and 
 moniments, after their decease, whereby such as succeed 
 in gouernment may also be had in more high estimation, 
 and a faire example is thereby given them to imitate the 
 regiment of their predecessors. Likewise doth the re- 
 gistring of descents carrie with it reason ioined to au- 
 thoritie and custome, for as by Gods lawe there is com- 
 manded a priuiledge of enheritance to the first begotten 
 of Israeli, and so for want of sonnes to the females, and 
 from them to others answerable to the proximitie of their 
 
36 
 
 blood and kindred, whicli with our lawes of this land, and 
 of most nations do concur and agree, it doth well stande 
 with peacefull gouernment for the auoiding of contentions 
 which may rise for want of records, to testifie the truth of 
 mens titles to their enheritances, that Genealogies and 
 Pedegrees should be enrolled and kept in remembrance. 
 I haue my good Lords stood the longer vpon this point, 
 for that of late traueling through some countries of this 
 Land, and hauing a desire to see the moniments of an- 
 tiquitie which haue remained in such places as I passed 
 by, for which cause as otherwise I many times resorted 
 to Churches and other houses to satisfie my aifection, I 
 found that many moniments both of burials and in glasse 
 were so broken and defaced, that vneth may be had any 
 knowledge what the fragments remaining did signifie : 
 and enquiring of the inhabitance how it came to passe 
 that those things were so blemished, they made report 
 that certaine persons, delighting as may seeme in noueltie, 
 for they can abide no marke of antiquitie, had defaced 
 the same. These men that take vpon them to be re- 
 formers, whose desires are great through the singularitie 
 & pride they haue in their owne wits and vnderstandings, 
 weening themselues to be very wise, where indeed they 
 are verie simple, and onely look but into the abuses of 
 thmgs, and do not see into the grounds & depths of the 
 reasons and causes for which good ordinances were made, 
 
37 
 
 go about to finde faults, where many times none are, but 
 if peraduenture they hap to finde an ordinance well made 
 misused, then streight neuer seeke they to reforme the 
 abuse, but by their wils, downe goeth ordinance and all, 
 such is their insolencie, rashnes, and want of iudgement. 
 It were well done therefore my good Lords, and I could 
 wish 'that your Honors hauing somtimes accesse to hir 
 Maiestie, and oftentimes conference with my Lords of hir 
 priuie Councell, should enforme hir Highnes, and their 
 Honors of the said abuses committed, and to be thereby a 
 meane that these simple fellowes taking vpon them to be 
 reformers, might be reformed themselues, and both kept 
 from destroieng of good ordinances, and be punished for 
 their offences in that behalfe committed. In the meane 
 time yet shall I desire that Honorable personages will 
 looke better to the moniments of their ancestors, by cor- 
 recting the destroiers thereof, and therein to imitate the 
 laudable actions of William Fleetwood, Serieant at the 
 Law, and Recorder of the Citie of London, who being 
 commissioner amongst others for the visitation of causes 
 Ecclesiasticall, by the Princes authoritie, by vertue there- 
 of imprisoned certaine wilfuU persons that had defaced 
 the moniment of Queene Katherine Dowyger at Peter- 
 borough, vntil such time as they had reformed the same, 
 which thing was through his good endeuor reedified and 
 perfected againe, and so remaineth to this dale : for 
 
38 
 
 although some happily see standing those of their owne 
 parents, yet it were good they shonld foresee that no 
 others be pulled downe, for that there is not to be looked 
 for but that suffering such iniuries to rest vnpunished, 
 the dooers thereof will in time growe more insolent, and 
 haue a cast to ouerthrowe theirs also. 
 
 And now being in speech of moniments, I cannot but 
 remember their ignorance who make small account of 
 anie ancestour except before the Conquest, weening that 
 all that lie crosse-legged so vrere : and that all ancient 
 euidence without date is the like : whereas the one was 
 not had in use vntil after the Palestine wars, and the 
 other, such as be sealed, be also since the Conquest, for I 
 could neuer see nor heare of any that had scene sealed 
 deed, but the same was made sithence the Conquest of 
 this Land, when the vse (as I take it) of sealing with 
 waxe first began in England. 
 
 But these men will not stoupe one iote vnder the Con- , 
 quest, telling manie fables of their ancestors then preser- 
 uing their houses, Honors, & Armories, forgetting quite 
 that it is much more glorious and honorable to be descend- 
 ed from a most famous nation conquering, then such people 
 by plaine feate of Arraes subiuged, for as the Poet saith, 
 quis enim sua prcelia victus 
 Commemorare velit ? referam tainen ordine, nee tarn 
 Turpe fuit vinci, quam contendisse deeorum esty 
 Magnaque dat nobis tantus solatia victor* 
 
39 
 
 So that if they haue any thing praiseworthie left to hrag 
 of, it is that tliey well contended with so puissant con- 
 querors, which were then in their time as wise, glorious 
 and famous a nation as were in the whole world to be 
 found. 
 
 Another sort there he not much more skilfull, who if 
 they see any Armorie, straight enter into the comparison 
 of the fairenes thereof: and foule and false is it, if mettall 
 lie vpon mettall alone, or colour vpon colour : And yet I 
 could wish we should neuer haue more dishonorable men 
 nor woorse soldiers than haue so borne their Armorie : 
 for to omit that woorthie Godfrey, and that Mack Morise 
 king of Lymster in Ireland, whose onely daughter and 
 heire was married to Richard Stronghowe Earle of Pen- 
 broke, and bare in a blacke shield a red ramping Leon, of 
 our owne sir Richard Sandhach of Sandbach in Cheshire, 
 sir William Wahhirge of Wakbirge in Darbyshire, two 
 valiant Knights, yet both bare colour upon colour. Pas- 
 sing the number of examples, I will onely recite the 
 words of mine Author speaking of the aduentures of a 
 braue Knight in the companie of sir Robert Canole rest- 
 ing by Parris, this Knight hauing vowed to strike with 
 his launce on the barriers of the citie, performed it, and 
 then the words be these : Celluy cheualier ie ne sea com- 
 ment il auoit nom ne de quel pays il estoit mais s'armoit 
 a gueidles a deux fousses noyeres et vne hordure noyre 
 
40 
 
 non endente. And although I grant they be not so well 
 to be discerned, as when mettal and colour be varied the 
 one with the other, yet sithence the number be great of 
 most worthie men that haue borne their armes in such 
 maner, I will esteeme their marks as honorable as the 
 rest, and neuer impute any falsitie to them. And this 
 kinde of men also commonly descant vpon the proportion, 
 nature, and qualitie of the deuise, as if the name of Ri- 
 chard were better than Robert^ and Ralph better than 
 Roger, and in their conceits the Eagle or Faulcon are the 
 fairest birds to be borne of all fethered foules, and so of 
 other the like : when indeed except for the reuerence due 
 to the bearers, who do honor their bearings by their re- 
 nowme, vertue, and valure, otherwise there is no differ- 
 ence in the fairenes of marks : but that those onely are 
 to be preferred which be easiest to be perceiued, dis- 
 cerned, and knowen to be the same things they be 
 marked out for : And therefore the Capitale of Beufz 
 blacke Midas head with his faire long Asse eares was as 
 good a crest, as sir lohn Chandos chiftains head proper 
 in a white scarfFe goodly enuellopped : and as faire a cote 
 is Hopwellsy being three red hares playing on bagpipes 
 in a siluer shield, as Newinton which bare d'Azure three 
 eglets d'argent displaied. And now me thinks I heare 
 some that esteeme me to mend, and become more fine, 
 skilfull, and Herauld like in my emblazons, as vsing the 
 
41 
 
 French phrases of d'azyer 8^ d' argent, who thinke I 
 doubt not, but that T haue committed a great error for 
 want of vsing the said French phrases in my emblazons, 
 notwithstanding I will ioine in opinion with such as es- 
 teeme it to be more proper to speake and vse English 
 termes and phrases in an English booke dedicated to 
 Englishmen, than French or Latine, otherwise than cited 
 authoritie leadeth. 
 
 And now my good Lords, and you braue Soldiers and 
 Gentlemen, I haue little else to trouble you with at this 
 time, but to wish you had no woorse a writer to eternize 
 your fame then mine Author sir lohn'Froissart was to the 
 Knights, and Captains of England your predecessors, and 
 to craue your patience in that I haue been so vnaduised 
 to molest you this long with these tedious and simple 
 trauels of mine, caused through the great zeale and affec- 
 tion I beare to your praiseable profession, and that you 
 .would pardon my boldness in the writing and dedicating 
 hereof to your Honors : neuerthelesse, I beseech you 
 again sithence they entreat of matter tending to the ad- 
 uancement of your glories, that you would vouchsafe to 
 accept of them in good part, and with the shields of your 
 woorthie fauors to protect them from the outra'^e of such 
 as enuie your memorable vertues, praieng to God that all 
 your noble atchiuements may be with no lesse praise re- 
 membred, then our knights of that time were spoken of 
 
42 
 
 by sir Arnold Danderhen martiall of France, there ene- 
 mie to King Henrie of Castile the valiant bastard, a little 
 before the battaile of Naueret, and because at my first 
 entrance into this matter, I saluted you with a sentence 
 of mine author, I haue thought it no bad Decorum with 
 his report of those speeches being as foUoweth, to take 
 my leaue. Sire sire saulue soit uostre Grace (saith he) 
 vos dy que quant par hattaille vous assembleres au 
 Prince vous trouueres la gens d'armes tels comme il les 
 fault trouuer car la est la fieur de tout Cheualrie du 
 monde, <§* la trouueres durs sages Combatants 8^ a bonnes 
 certes 8^ ia pour mourir plain pie nen Juiront, 8^c. 
 
BOOKS PUBLISHED, 
 
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 LONDON.l 
 
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 Treatise on the Art of Trolling, 12mo. Is. 6d. 1805 
 
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 1824 
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 [17, Bedford Street, Covent Gard 
 
2 Books Published or Sold by John Gray Bell. 
 
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 wood engravings, with Supplement, cloth, lO^i. 6d. » 1851 
 
 0° Very few copies now remain. 
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 * * For the large amount of bibliographical information collected in the pre- 
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 ordinary description, and Mr. Bell has been most successful in supplying the de- 
 sideratum."— Gateshead Observer, July 5, 1851. 
 
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 the score of the highly interesting nature of its contents, literary and pictorial 
 as from the fact that its pages offer a complete list of assuredly some of the most 
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 Magazine of Science, 1851. 
 
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 &c. 12mo. numerous wood engravings, sewed, Is. 1842 
 
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 pub. at 6s. 1826 
 
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 ParDiculars of the Victory at Burton, rej rioted from the edition 
 of 1644, post 8vo. sewed. Is. 1851 
 
 Commission specially directed to the Earl of Huntingdon. 
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 ('are and Dofeuce of the Borders of England for and against 
 Scotland, February 23, anno dom. 1592, Eliz. 35, post 8vo. Is, 
 
 1851 
 [17, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. 
 
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 Costume. Specimens of English Ecclesiastical Costume, from the 
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 tures, Piiintinors, and Brasses remaining in this Kingdom, by John 
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 8vo. bds. 2s. 6(1. 1797 
 
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 sin Seyne, as related by the late Thomas Bewick, in the Tyne- 
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 Facsimilb op a Letter from Thomas Bewick, the Celebrated 
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 1836 
 
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 Glossary of Terms used in the Coal Trade of Northum- 
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 1827 
 
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 1787 
 
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 Somerset. Topographical Notes respecting Balls, Wells, Glaston- 
 bury, Taunton, &c. by Jeremiah Milles, P.A.S. &c, post Svo. 
 sewed, Is. 1851 ■ 
 
 Sporting. A short Treatise on the Sportsman's Friend, or the" 
 Farmer's Footman, 12;uo. copper plate and woodcuts by Thomas 
 Bewick, sewed, very scarce, 3s. 1801 ' 
 
 Staixborough and Rockley, their Historical Associations and Ru- 
 ral Attractions, by the Author of " Village Rambles," foolscap 
 8vo. woodcuts, in stiff wrapper, Is. or neat in cloth. Is. 6d. 
 
 St. David. The Praise of St. David's Day, shewing the reason why ' 
 the Welshmen honour the Leek on that day, reprinted from an 
 early black-letter broadside, post 8vo. sewed. Is. 1851 
 
 [17, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. 
 
Books Published or Sold by John Gray Bell. 9 
 
 Suffolk and Norfolk. The Queen's Majestie's Enterteynmente 
 in SufFoIke and Norfolke, with a Description of many Things 
 then presently seen, devised by Thomas Churchyard, Gent.'with 
 Divers;^ Shows of his own Invention sette out at Norwich, and 
 some Rehearsl of Her Highnesse Retourne from Progresse 
 post 8vo. sewed, 2s. 1851 
 
 r^^ Printed from a MS. copy of Bynneman's edition of 1579, 
 
 Suffolk. — A Straunge and Terrible Wunder Wrought very late in 
 the Parish Church of Bungay, privately printed from the edition 
 of 1577, Svo. Is. 6d. 1820 
 
 Supplement to the History of British Birds, the figures en- 
 graved on wood by T. Bewick, largest paper, imp. Svo. bds. 
 7s. 6d. pub. at 12s. 1821 
 
 1^" This is wanting in most sets, and is now very scarce. 
 
 Teetotalism. a Medical, Moral, and Christian Dissection of Tee- 
 totalisin, by Democritus, Svo. 6 capital illustrations by Phiz, ls.6d. 
 pub. at 5^. '1846 
 
 " The Triumph of Temperance over Teetotalism, by a Surgeon, 
 
 Svo. 6d. pub. at Is. 1838 
 
 1^" A learned Treatise, dedicated to the world. 
 
 The Coal Merchant's and Coal Factor's Assistant, by L. H. 
 Cove, small 4to. bds. Is. 6d. pub. at 5s. 1832 
 
 The Natural History of a Part of the County of Wilt- 
 shire, comprehended within the distance of 10 miles round the 
 City of Salisbury, by the late George Maton, M.D., F.R.S. 
 V.P.L.S Svo. Is. 6d. pub. at 5s. Nicholls Sf Son, 1843 
 
 The End of Correction, a Sermon preached in a Parish Church, 
 (Clayton, Sussex,)November the 15th, mdcccxliv. Svo. privately 
 printed. Is. 6d 1849 
 
 The Death op Baldur, a Poem, with Introduction Svo. privately 
 
 printed, Is. 6d. 
 
 Thomas Tusser. The last Will and Testament of Thomas Tusser, 
 
 author of Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, &c. now 
 
 first printed, small 4to. privately printed, 2s. 1846 
 
 Tottenham. A Poem, by J. A. Heraud, Svo. bds. Is. pub. at 3s. 6d. 
 
 1820 
 [;i7, Bedford Street, Cwent Garden. 
 
10 Boohs Published or Sold by John Gray Bell. 
 
 The Vale Royal of England, or the County Palatine of Chester 
 illustrated, wherein is contained a Geographicall and Historicall 
 Description of that famous County, with all its Hundreds and 
 Seats of the Nobility, Gentry, and Freeholders, its Towns, 
 Castles, and Buildings, ancient and modern, performed by Wil- 
 liam Smith and William Webb, gentlemen, and published by 
 Mr. Daniel King, abridged from the edition of 1656, with Notes 
 on the Changes in Families, Estates, &c. by Thomas Hughes, 
 Esq. post 8vo. plates and woodcuts, cloth, 7s. 1852 
 
 •■ The same, on large paper, 4to. cloth, only 50 copies printed, 
 
 cloth, 143. 
 • A few copies on large paper, further illustrated by the inser- 
 
 tion of extra plates, autographs, portraits, 8fc. 4to. cloth, 21s. 
 
 Tobacco. A Counterblast to Tobacco, by James the First. King of 
 England, with Notes and Illustrations, by Charles Backington, 
 8vo. very scarce, Is. 6d. pub. at 2s. 1843 
 
 Views illustrative of the County Palatine of Chester, a 
 series of 18 fine plates, 4to. in neat wrapper, 5s. 
 
 Wellington. Poetical Illustrations of» the Achievements of the 
 Duke of Wellington and his Companions in Arms, edited by 
 Major de Renzi, Svo. portrait, cloth, 6s. pub. at 18s. 1852 
 
 Western Counties Dialect. Rustic Sketches, being Rhymes on 
 Angling and other subjects, in the Dialect of the West of 
 England, with Notes and a Glossary, by G. P. R. Pulman, post 
 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. Just out. 
 
 The same, large paper, 4to. cloth, 7s. ibid 
 
 Westmoreland. The Heraldic Visitation of the County of West- 
 moreland in 1615, by Sir Richard St. George, Knt. reduced to 
 narrative, and now first printed from the original M.S. post 8vo. 
 4s. 1853 
 
 The same, on large paper, very few printed, 8s. ibid. 
 
 Witchcraft. Trial of Jennet Preston, of Gisborne in Craven, at 
 
 the York Assizes, July, 1612, for practising Devilish and Wicked 
 
 Arts, called Witchcraft, post Svo. sewed. Is. 6d. 1851 
 
 " The whole process shows the ridiculous evidence that was deemed suflScient 
 
 in the reign of James the First to deprive a poor helpless creature of life." 
 
 "Athenaeum." 
 [17, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, 
 
Books Published or Sold by John Gray Bell. 1 1 
 
 English Cookery Five Hundred Years ago, exhibited in 60 
 *' Nyms," or Receipts, from a MS. compiled about 1390, with 
 running Glossary and Notes, Svo. private print, black letter, ls.6l. 
 
 1849 
 
 Natural History of British, Foreign, and Water-Birds, 
 British and Foreign Quadrupeds, Fishes, Reptiles, Serpents and 
 Insects, seven small books, with numerous woodcuts by Thomas 
 Bewick, 12mo. very scarce, 5s. 
 
 The Hermit op Warkworth, a Northumberland Tale, in three 
 Fits, by Dr. Thomas Percy, Bishop of Diomore, small Svo. wood 
 engravings by Thomas Bewick, cloth, 3s. pub. at 6s. 1841 
 
 Coin s. Chart of British Silver Money, she wing the different Coinage, 
 issued for England, Scotland, and Ireland^since the Reformation, 
 on large sheet, scarce, 23. pub. at lOs. 6d. 1816 
 
 Speakers op the Commons. The Lives of the Speakers of the 
 House of Commons, from the time of Edward III. to Victoria, 
 by James Alexander Manning, royal Svo. cloth, 9s. 1853 
 
 Hearne's Views in Cheshire. IS Jine plates, engraved by Byrne, 
 Landseer, Sfc, with letfer-press Descriptions, oblong folio, fine 
 impressions, 6s. 6d. pub. at 35s. 
 
 Sidney Hall's Map op Cheshire, mounted on cloth, and folded in 
 small case, 9d 
 
 Hodgson's (Rev. John) History of Northumberland, 6 vols, all 
 published) 4to. many fine plates and woodcuts, an original sub- 
 scription copy, bds. uncut, rare, £10 10s. 1827, &c. 
 
 Beauties op England and Wales, or Delineations Historical and 
 Descriptive of each County, by Britton, Bray ley and Brewer, 
 25 vols. Svo. above 700 fine engravings, calf, £5 15s, 6d, 1801-16 
 l^° A fine original set of this Valuable Work. 
 
 Watt's (Robt.) Bibliotheca Britannica, or a General Index to 
 British and Foreign Literature, 4 vols, thick 4to. bds. uncut, 
 scarce, £6 16s. 6d. 1824 
 
 Museum Disneianum, being a Description of a Collection of Antient 
 Marbles, Specimens of Antient Bronze, and various Antient 
 Fictile Vases, in the possession of John Disney, E-q., F.R.S. &c. 
 imp. 4to. numerous fine plates, half morocco extra, top edge gilt, 
 30s. pub. at £9 9s. 1849 
 
 [17, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. 
 
12 Boohs Published or Sold hy John Gray Bell. 
 
 Hall's Widdrinqton, a Tale of Hedgeley Moor, in Two Cantos, 
 8vo. scarce, Is. 6d. pub. at 5s. 1827 
 
 Fly Leaves from Unknown Poets, 4to. Id. each, or 9d. per dozen, 
 viz. : Lines on the Book of Common Prayer ; Speak Gently, 
 (fourth edition ;) The Lament of the Irish Emigrant, {second 
 edition-^ The Return of the Irish Emigran; ; The Poor Woman's 
 Appeal to her Husband, second edition ; The Sabbath Bell ; The 
 Child and the Dew-drops ; The Reaper and the Flowers, 
 
 Catalogues of Books, MS., Autographs and Literary Miscellanies 
 on sale by John Gray Bell. These Catalogues appear monthly, 
 each part containing J. G. Bell's purchases during the preceding 
 month, thus presenting to the choice of collectors an endless va- 
 riety of works in all departments of literature. 
 
 Portraits. John Gray Bell begs the particular attention of Col- 
 lectors to his very large Collection of Portraits, to which he has 
 just added several thousands. They are for the most part alpha- 
 bettically arranged, and are suited fier Illustration, the folio, or 
 any other purpose, and will be found extremely modEsrate in 
 price. 
 
 Topographical Pkints. On this subject also (arranged in Coun- 
 ties,) J. G. Bell has just succeeded in adding very largely to his 
 previously extensive gathering, the whole now forming one of the 
 most extensive Collections extant ; his County drawers are now 
 for the most part overflowing, and to bring them within preserv- 
 able bounds, he respectfully solicits the attention of Collectors. 
 
 JOHN GRAY BELL offers his services as Publisher to Authors 
 of Historical, Antiquarian, and Topographical Works, to 
 which he gives all possible publicity, through the medium of his Catu' 
 logues, without cost. He likewise undertakes the Printing, Sfc, of 
 such Works, and will be happy to forward Estimates, Calculations, and 
 all needful information to persons about to publish. 
 
 Printei by John Gray Bell, 19, Bedford Court, Covent Garden. 
 
V \ 
 
 14 DAY USE _. 
 
 ^ RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED f\ 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
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