^1 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU ^Q .6 8 FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO F. McN. HAMILTON San Francisco] State Mineralogist BULLETIN No. 68 [October, 1914 Mineral Production for 1913 Califobnia State Printing Office 1914 -r—^r—r- Jj UNiV£P3 CALIFORNIA. 5 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA "n A \ ' r o CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO F. McN. HAMILTON State Mineralogist San Francisco] BULLETIN No. 68 [October, 1914 U.S.. 6. L COMPLIMENTS CF F. :.:cN La:::lton STATE Ml«£RALOGlST 01. . filer t.. SEP 1 8 ifii Mineral Production for 1913 By E. S. BOALICH, Statistician LIBRARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8—1677 1—12524 California State Printing Office 1914 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. SUMMARY OP THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA DURING THE ^"^^^ YEAR 1913 5 TABULATION OF THE MINERAL PRODUCTION FOR 1913, AMOUNT AND VALUE 7 TABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1912, 1913 8 TABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE VA- RIOUS COUNTIES IN CALIFORNIA FOR 1912, 1913 9 Chapter II. FUELS (HYDROCARBONS)— Introductory 10 Coal 10 Natural Gas 11 Petroleum 12 Chapter III. metals- Introductory 15 Antimony 16 Copper 16 Gold 18 Iron 20 Lead 21 Molybdenum 22 Platinum 22 Quicksilver 23 Silver 25 Tungsten 26 Tin 26 Vanadium 26 Zing 27 Chapter IV. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS— Introductory 28 Asphalt 29 Bituminous Rock 29 Brick 30 Cement 33 Chromite 34 Lime 35 ■Magnesite 36 Marble 37 Onyx and Travertine 38 Sandstone 39 Serpentine 40 Slate 41 Stone Industry 42 Travertine. (See Onyx.) Chapter V. INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS — Introductory 47 Asbestos 48 Barytes 50 Bauxite 51 Clay 51 Feldspar 52 Fuller's Earth 53 Gems 53 Graphite 55 Gypsum 56 Infusorial Earth 57 Limestone 58 Manganese 60 Mica 61 Mineral Paint 62 Mineral Water 63 Pumice Stone ^ 64 Pyrite 65 Quartz 66 Sand, Glass 66 soapstone 67 Sulphur 68 Talc. (See Soapstone.) CONTENTS— Continued. Chapter VI. SALINES — Page Introductory 69 Borax 6!) Nitrates 70 Potash 70 Salt 70 Soda 72 Chapter VII. MINERAL production OF CALIFORNIA BY COUNTIES. INTRODUCTORY 73 Alameda 74 Alpine 74 Amador 75 Butte 75 Calaveras 76 Colusa 77 Contra Costa 77 Del Norte 78 El Dorado 78 Fresno 79 Glenn 79 Humboldt 80 Imperial 80 Inyo 81 Kern 81 Kings 82 Lake 83 Lassen 83 Los Angeles 84 Madera 84 Marin 8.5 Mariposa 85 Mendocino 86 Merced 86 Modoc 87 Mono 87 Monterey _-- 88 Napa 88 Nevada 89 Orange 89 Placer 90 Plumas 90 Riverside 91 Sacramento 92 San Benito 92 San Bernardino 93 San Diego 93 San Francisco 94 San Joaquin 94 San Luis Obispo 95 San Mateo 95 Santa Barbara 96 Santa Clara 96 Santa Cruz 97 Shasta 97 Sierra 98 Siskiyou 99 Solano 99 Sonoma 5 00 Stanislaus 100 Sutter 101 Tehama 101 Trinity 102 Tulare 102 Tuolumne 103 "Ventura 103 Yolo 104 Yuba 104 Chapter VIII. MINING L\WS 105 APPENDIX 135 LETTER OF INTRODUCTION. The Bulletin herewith presented to the mineral industry is the result of a painstaking effort to so compile the statistics of mineral produc- tion that they will be of actual use to producers and those interested in the consumption of the mineral products of our State. The compilation of accurate and dependable figures is an extremely difficult undertaking, and the State Mineralogist takes the opportunity of here expressing his appreciation of the universal co-operation of the producers in making this work possible. It is the evidence herein put forth that should make us realize the magnitude of our latent mineral resources in this State. The produc- tion for the year 1913 of more than one hundred million dollars shows an increase of ten million dollars over that of the preceding year. Coupled with this is the fact that twenty millions of dollars was dis- tributed in dividends, resulting from this basic production. This progress is being made despite the fact that some branches of the industry have been held back by various uneconomic conditions and their production is unnecessarily curtailed. Such problems as present themselves in the separate branches of the industry affect all tlie others and should be taken care of by the industry as a Avhole. It is greatly to be deplored that there is no concerted action of the mineral producers at the present time. In analyzing and discussing the situation with many of those inter- ested in the great mineral industry in the State, a plan has been con- ceived to form an organization to further and foster its development. It is to be hoped that in the near future this plan will be brought to a successful culmination. It is conceded that such an organization would be of great service to the mineral industry and aid immeasurably in its advancement. When the call comes it is earnestly hoped that each and every person interested Avill respond and take active part. F. McN. Hamilton, State Mineralogist. MINERAL INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, 1913 Data Compiled from Direct Returns from Producers in Answer to Inquiries sent out by California State Mining Bureau, Ferry Building, San Francisco, California. CHAPTER ONE. The mineral production of California during the calendar year 1913 was valued at $98,644,639.00, as compared with the 1912 output, Avorth $88,972,385.00, an increase of $9,672,254.00. These figures, so far as it has been possible to make them, refer to the value at the property, of CRUDE MINERAL SUBSTANCES. Duplication of figures has been studi- ously avoided. Approximate production of refined asphalt has been given on another page because that item is so generally included in considering the subject of mineral production. The above mentioned 1913 total does not include value of asphalt, however, neither does it consider limestone which has gone toward the manufacture of cement, nor clay which has been molded into bricks. Where it is impossible to get a figure for the ingredients of a manufactured mineral substance, as in the case of cement and brick, these products are of necessity included. In practically every other instance the value given rep- resents the closest possible approximation for the crude material as it came from the mine, quarry or well. It is almost impossible to exaggerate the magnitude and the importance of the mineral industry in California. The early history of mining in California is the history of the State. With the advancement of other lines of etfort, and with the transition of the mineral industry from a romantic nugget-hunting sport to a solid, well defined, dividend paying business, public interest has been diverted to some extent. Nevertheless, this industry is advancing with gigantic strides. California is today the leading State in the Union in its production of petroleum, gold, borax, quicksilver, magnesite, and platinum. In the total value of her mineral products California leads all states west of the Mississippi River. Every county in the State contains mineral deposits of some descrip- tion, and during 1913 fifty-six of the fifty-eight counties reported a commercial output, from Kern, with a total value of $28,406,193, to Alpine, with its total of $541. Twenty-one counties produced minerals to a value exceeding $1,000,- 000 during the year, and forty-three passed the $100,000 mark. Petroleum output was worth $48,578,014 and stands first on the list by many millions of dollars. Gold, with the greatest annual produc- tion since 1883, comes second, amounting to $20,406,958. Cement is 6 MINEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFOENIA. third, the output being worth $7,743,024. The stone industry, includ- ing granite and crushed rock used for all purposes, ranks fourth, valued at $6,168,020. Copper is fifth, worth $5,343,023. Then in the order named — Brick, $2,915,350; Borax, $1,491,530; Natural Gas, $1,053,292. With the ever expanding uses for petroleum and its refined products the growth of this branch of the mineral industry bids fair to continue indefinitely in the future. Increased efficiency in mining and reduction methods in late years has more than offset the gradual decline in values in the larger gold mines, and new and paying properties are constantly being added to the list of active producers. While the zenith of gold production has possibly passed in California, such is not the case in the instance of any other metal or mineral substance. Many copper deposits await transportation and other facilities, or a satisfactory solution of the much discussed "fume" question, to place them on a paying basis. The same conditions in a general way hold true in the case of iron, lead, zinc and other metalliferous deposits; of the mountains of granite, limestone, and marble; of the ]nillions of acres of ancient lake beds containing nitre, potash, salt and soda; and of practically every separate item on the entire list. Production of many of the industrial materials is small owing to a present lack of demand, as well as facilities for handling. This con- dition is annually improving with the growth of California in popu- lation and with the rapidly increasing importance of the Pacific coast as a manufacturing and trade center. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. / The following table shows the yield of mineral substances of Cali- fornia for 1913 as compiled from the returns received at the State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, in answer to inquiries sent to producers : Substance Asbestos Barytes Bituminous rock Borax Brick Cement Chromite Clay Coal Copper Feldspar Fuller's earth Gems G( Amount 47 1,600 37,-'>41 58,051 358,754 6,167,806 1,180 231,179 25,198 34,471,118 2,129 460 tons tons tons tons M bbls. tons tons tons lbs. tons tons Jold Graphite Gypsurn Infusorial earth Iron ore Lead Lime Limestone Maenesite Marble 3Iineral paint -_- 3Ilneral water __. Natural gas Petroleum Platinum Pumice Pyrites Quartz rock Quicksilver Salt Sand, glass Sandstone Silver Soapstone Soda Stone industry* . Tungsten ore .— Zinc 2,500 47,100 8,645 2,343 3,640,951 613,444 301,918 9,632 41,654 303 2,350.792 14,210,836 94,494,532 368 lbs. tons tons tons lbs. bbls. tons tons cu. ft. tons gals. M cu. ft. bbls. oz. 79,000 4,040 15,661 204,407 14,578 62,227 tons tons flasks tons tons cu. ft. 1,350 1,861 tons tons 7,592 1,157,947 tons lbs. Value $1,175 00 3,680 00 78,479 00 1.491,530 00 2,915.350 00 7.743.024 GO 12,700 00 261,273 00 85,809 00 5,343,0-23 OO 7,850 00 3.700 00 13.740 00 20,406,958 OO 25 00 135,050 00 35,968 00 4,485 00 160,202 00 528,547 00 274,455 00 77,056 00 113,282 00 1,780 GO 599,748 00 1,053,292 00 48,578,014 00 17.788 GO 4,500 00 218,537 00 7.756 00 630,042 00 462,681 00 14,143 00 27,870 00 832,553 00 6,150 00 24.936 00 6,168,020 OO 234,673 00 64,845 00 Total I $98,644,639 00 ♦Including granite, macadam, rubble, paving blocks, sand, and gravel. 8 MINEKAL IlSrDUSTEY OF CALIFOENIA. The following table shows the comparative value of minerals pro- duced in California during the years 1912 and 1913 : Substance Asbestos Barytes Bituminous rock Borax Brick Cement Chromite Clay Coal Copper Feldspar Fuller's earth __. Gems Gold Graphite Gypsum Infusorial earth Iron ore Lead Lime Limestone Magncsite Manganese Marble Mineral paint --. Mineral water .-. Natural gas Petroleum Phitinum Pumice Pyrites Quartz rock Quicksilver Salt Sand-glass Sandstone Silver Soapstone Soda Stone industry- Tungsten ere - Zinc 1912 $2,700 00^ 2,812 00 87,467 00 1,122,713 00 2,940;29O 00 6,074,661 00 11,260 00 215,683 00 39,092 00 5,638,049 00 6,180 00 6,500 00 23,050 OO 19.713,478 00 117,388 OO 17,074 OO 2,508 OO 61,653 00 464,440 00 570,248 00 105,120 00' 400 OO 74,120 00 1,800 OO 529,384 00' 940,076 00 41,868,344 OO 19.731 00 2,500 00 203,470 00 866,024 00 383,370 00 15,404 00 22,574 00 799,584 00 7,350 00 37,094 00 5,473.928 OO 206,000 00 298,866 00 Totals Asphalt - $88,972,385 00 2,500,000 00 Total, including asphalt. $91,472,385 00 1913 $1,175 OO 3,680 00 78,479 00 1,491,530 OO 2,915,350 00 7,743,024 00 12,700 00 261,273 00 85,809 00 5,343,023 00 7,850 00 3,700' 00 13,740 00 20,406,958 00 25 00 135,050 00 35,968 00 4,485 00 160,202 OO 528.547 00 274,455 00 77,056 00 113,282 00 1,780' 00 599,748 00 1,053,292 00 48,578,014 00 17.738 00 4,500' 00 218,537 OO 7,756 00 630,042 00 462,681 00 14,143 00 27,870 00 832,553 00 6,150 00 24,936 00 6,168,020 00 234,673 00 64,845 00 $98,644,639 00 2,752,000 00 $101,396,639 00 *Ineluding granite, macadam, rubble, paving blocks, sand, and gravel. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. The following table shows the comparative value of the mineral pro- duction of the various counties in the State for the years 1912 and 1913 : County 1912 1913 Alameda _ _ _ - - $794,961 00 2,925,202 00 2,403,675 OO 2,051,781 00 70,165 00 • 829,811 00 3,950 00 122,001 00 . 8,897,685 00 32,950 00 ■ 268,116 00 30,000' 00 - 483,330 00 • 23,097,003 00- 1,850 00 123,286 OO • $844,217 00 Al)iino* _ _ .■)11 00 Amador -. . _ _ 3,013,180 00 Butte 2,533,940 00 Calaveras 2,042,901 00 Colusa - - - 48,481 00 Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno _ ._ _ -. 1,962,640 00 2,514 00 67,723 00 8,438,810 00 Glenn _ ._ -- -- 27,776 00 Humboldt Imperial — 471,052 00 95.054 00 1,942.309 00 Kern - -- 28,406.193 00 Kings - - 1,335 00 Lake - 125,829 00 Lassen - _ _ 2,382 00 Los Angeles Madera _ _ 5,594,513 OO 112,285 00 ■ 122,200 00 • 214,294 00 • 300 00 45,000 00 ■ 29.187 OO 454,268 00 132,749 00 266,708 00 . 2,108,543 00 4,518,275 00' 881,537 OO 196,997 00 • 782,627 OO 2,171.399 00 494,068 00 1,428,057 00 305,683 OO 151,147 00 210,040 00 31,564 00 216,582 OO 4,111,258 00 ■ 557,585 00 • 270,207 00 5,825,819 00 736,423 00' ■ 598,713 00 203,073 00 346,306 00 ■ 295,673 00 1,300 00 733,755 00' • 142.890 00 ■ 1,353,706 00- 595,399 00 • 2,775,132 00 ■ 7,821,357 00- 5,833,298 00 371,867 OO Marin 278,453 00 Marinosa _ 246,079 00 Mendocino _ _ _. _ _ 9,450 00 Merced _ _ 35,329 00 Modoc _- 6,875 00 Mono - _ _ 184,428 00 Monterey Napa __ __ 178,679 00 1.186,3.53 00 Nevada 2,950,367 00 Oransfe 6,948,495 00 Placer _______ _ 520.808 00 Plumas _ 143,698 00 Riverside 2.071.969 OO Sacramento 2,925.706 00 San Benito San Bernardino _ _ 514,995 00 2,486,100 00 San Diego 315,694 00 San Francisco _ ._ __ __ 110.551 OO San Joaouin _ 165,157 00 San Luis Obispo 63,675 00 San Mateo _ 215,371 OO Santa Barbara 3,636,288 00 Santa Clara _ _ 311,383 00 Santa Cruz Shasta 1,816,805 OO 6,212.344 00 Sierra _ 1,010976 00 Siskivou - _ - _ 309.986 00 Solano - _ 1,839,721 OO Sonoma 239,037 OO Stanislaus Tehama _ 272,249 00 2,442 00 435,142 00 Tulare _ 119,760 00 Tuolumne __ 1,198.383 00 Ventura _ - 924,972 00 Yuba _ _ 2,507,139 00 Unapportioncd 17,738 00 Totals . _ $88,972,385 00 $98.644.6.39 00 ♦Alpine included In Stanislaus. 10 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. CHAPTER TWO. FUELS. (Hydrocarbons. ) The above subdivision of the mineral products of California includes coal, natural gas and petroleum. The combined value of these three substances equals approximately one half of the value of the entire mineral industry in the State. As will be noted in the following table, an increase was recorded in each item and in the case of petroleum this gain over the previous year amounted to the stupendous total of $6,709,670. Natural gas is plentiful, especially in the oil fields of the State, and the amount commercially utilized shows a healthy increase over that of 1912. Coal of the best quality has never been discovered in Cali- fornia and the introduction of crude oil as a competitive fuel has caused a great drop in the coal output of the State. For many years previous to the development of the oil fields the annual value of coal produced was several times the figure shoMTi here. The increase for 1913 over 1912 is perhaps a temporary condition and may not continue to hold. Value of fuels produced in California during 1912 and 1913 with increase in each instance is tabulated herewith: Substance 1913 1912 Increase Coal Natural gas .. . $85.809 00 1,053,292 00 48,578,014 00 $39,092 OO 940.076 00 41,868,344 00 $46,717 OO 113,216 00 Petroleum 6,709,670 00 Totals $49,717,115 00 $42,847,512 OO $6,869,603 00 Coal. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports YII, XII, XIII. Deposits of coal, developed and undeveloped, are known in twenty- five counties of California. In practically all cases the material is of inferior value. Much of the product should be classed as lignite. Even so, coal was an important factor in the mineral industry of the State from the time of its discovery in 1861 down to a few years ago when it was largely supplanted by crude oil. During 1913 four properties, located in Amador, Contra Costa, Mon- terey, and Siskiyou counties, produced 25,198 tons of coal valued at $85,809. This is an increase, both in amount and value, over the 1912 output of 14,848 tons worth $39,092. Seventy-eight men were em- ployed in the above mentioned mines. Previous to 1887 no exact STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 11 production figures are available, although the Mount Diablo district alone produced many hundreds of thousands of tons of coal between 1860 and 1887. The record of the State's output, with annual figures for amount and value, is shown beloAv from 1887 to date : Year Amount, tons Value Year 1887 50,000 $150,000 00 I 1888 95,000 380,000 00 1889 121,280 288,232 00 | 1890 110,711 283,019 OO I 1891 93,301 204,902 OO { 1892 85,178 209,711 00 ' 1893 72,603 167,555 00 i 1894 59,887 139,862 00 1895 79,858 193,790 00 j 1896 70,649 161,335 00 i 1897 87,449 196,255 00 I 1898 143,045 337,475 OO i 1899 160,941 420,109 00 1900 176,956 535,531 00 1901 150,724 401,772 OO 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Totals 2,042,861 Amount, tons Value 88,460 $248,622 00 93,026 265,383 00 79.062 1 376,494 OO 46,500 144,500 00 24,850 61,600 00 23,734 55,849 00 18,496 55,503 00 49,389 216,913 00 11,033 23,484 00 11,047 18,297 OO 14,484 39,092 00 25,198 1 85,809 OO $5,661,094 GO Natural Gas. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VII, X, XII. Bulletins 3 and 13. Data regarding natural gas production in California are difficult to compile accurately. An untold amount is annually wasted, although during the past few years attempts have been made to conserve this valuable natural resource. As near as can be estimated 14,210,836 M cubic feet of gas were commercially used, for lighting, heat, as a fuel and for all industrial purposes, having a total value of $1,053,292. In numerous cases the producers merely give value of the gas consumed, having made no effort to measure it in any way. In such instances amounts have been estimated, taking as a basis the general average value for the particular district in question. Even the value is often- times an estimate. The total, however, would be doubled many times if all the available gas were made to serve a useful purpose. One of the recent uses for natural gas is in the manufacture of gasoline from this source. 12 MINEEAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFOENIA. Distribution by county is as follows : County Amount, M. Valu& Average value per M. Fresno Humboldt Kern Kings Los Angeles --_ Orange Sacramento San Joaquin __ Santa Barbara Santa Clara __ Solano Ventura 236,100 7,111,237 1,916 1,287,794 192,240 72,000 142,730 5,096,300 2,000 6,319 62,200 Totals 14,210,836 $23,610 00 150 00 568,899 00 575 00 77,578 00 9,612 00 36,000 00 67,967 00 254,815 00 50O0O 7,366 00 6,220 OO at 10 cents at 8 at 30 at 6 at 5 at 50 at 47 at 5 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents at 10 cents $1,053,292 OO Total annual value of natural gas produced in California, as shown by the records of the State Mining Bureau, is as follows: Year Value Year Value 1888 $10,000 00 1902 $99,443 00 1889 12,680 00 1903 74,237 00 1890 33,000 00 1904 91,035 00 1891 30,000 00 1905 102,479 00 1892 55,000 00 1906 109,489 00 1893 68,500 00 1907 114,759 00 1894 79,072 00 1908 474,584 OO 1895 112,000 OO 1909 616,932 OO 1896 111,457 00 1910 1,676,367 00 1897 . ..- 62,657 00 1911 491,859 00 1898 74,424 00 1912 940,076 00 1899 95,000 00 1913 1,053.292 00 1900 34,578 00 1901 - - - 92,034 00 Total $6,714,954 00 Petroleum. Beference: Bulletins 3, 11, 16, 19, 31, 32, 63. State Mineralogist Reports IV, X, XII, XIII. Petroleum production in California during 1913 amounted to 98,194,- 532 barrels valued at $48,578,014, or an average of 49.3 cents per barrel, as compared with the 1912 output of 89,689,250 barrels worth .*fi41, 868,344, or an average of 46.7 cents per barrel. This is an increase in amount of 8,805,282 barrels, and in value of $6,709,670, and in the average price per barrel of 2.6 cents. Of the total amount produced 5,129,049 barrels were used as fuel in the field as compared with 6,050,186 in 1912. This item is slowly decreasing on account of the growing use of electric power in the various fields. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL TEODUCTION. 13 As will be noted in the tabulated county returns, the greatest actual increase of production occurred in Kern County, although Orange County leads all others in its per cent increase. Fresno, Los Angeles, and Santa Barbara counties all reported a slight decrease in crude oil output. Ventura, while a comparatively small producer, gained over 30 per cent in number of barrels marketed as compared with the previous year. No active production was recorded in San Luis Obispo County during the year 1913. Of the State's total output for the year 59,841,592 barrels, or 60.8 per cent, were of a gravity exceeding 18 degrees Baume. In the face of an unexampled increase in production the average price per barrel actually received by producers made a marked advance, and the condition of the industry may be roughly ascertained when it is known that aside from money paid as royalty and used in develop- ment and purchase of additional properties, etc., between fifteen and sixteen million dollars was paid to stockholders in the form of divi- dends. In other words, over 30 per cent of the actual value of the crude oil at the wells reached the hands of buyers of oil stock, as interest on their investment, during the year 1913. The following tabulation shows the comparative petroleum produc- tion by counties for the years 1912-1913, with increase (-(-) or decrease ( — ) in value, in each instance : County 1912 Amount, bbls. 1913 Value Amount, bbls. Value -I- plus or — minus IW I Fresno Kern Los Angeles Orange San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara _ Santa Clara Ventura Totals 19,510,932 51,448,067 4,484,590 6,704,421 2,129 6,862,719 14,092 662,300 $8,487,255 21,762,532 2,798,384 4,478,553 1,469 3,747,045 8,295 584,811 18,956,965 58,698,432 4,143.690 9,485,362 $7,927,736 27,038,474 2,672,680 6,867,402 89.689,250 $41,868,344 6,291,076 20,000 899,007 3,151,725 12,000 907,997 $559,519- 5,275,942+ 125,704- 2,388,849+ 1,469- 595,320- 3,705+ 323,186+ 98,494,532 $48,578,014 $6,709,670+ Average price per barrel of petroleum in the various producing counties during 1912 and 1913 were as follows : County Average price per barrel 1912 1913 Increase (4-) or decrease ( — ) Fresno 43.5 cents Kern 42.3 cents Los Angeles [ 62.4 cents Orange ' 66.8 cents Santa Barbara j 56.4 cents Ventura 88.3 cents State as a whole. 41.8 cents 46.0 cents 64.5 cents 72.4 cents 50.0 cents $1.01 -1.7 cents +3.7 cents +2.1 cents +5.6 cents -6.4 cents +12.7 cents 46.7 cents 49.3 cents +2.6 cents 14 MINEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFOENIA. The gravity of the crude oil produced varies greatly. The following table shows the ratio above and below 18 degrees Baume, with the average price received per barrel for the two general grades of oil in each county, for 1913: County Per cent above 18 degrees Average price per barrel Per cent below 18 degrees Average price per barrel Fresno 45% Kern 59% Los Angeles - 42% Orange 88% Santa Barbara 86% Ventura 92% 50.8 cents 55% ! 35.5 cents 53.4 cents 41% : 36.1 cents 73.5 cents 58% 57.4 cents 75.5 cents 12% 50.6 cents 56.0 cents 14% 37.9 cents $1.06 j 8% 46.0 cents The annual petroleum production, in barrels, since the inception of the industry in California follows, with the amount credited to the year 1875 representing total production up to, and including, that date. Tear Barrels 1875 I 175,000 1876 12,000 1877 13,000 1878 1 15,22.7 1879 ' 19,858 1880 40.552 1881 99,862 1882 128,636 1883 142,857 1884 262,000 1885 325,000 1886 377,145 1887 678,572 1888 690,333 1889 303,220 1890 307,360 1891 323,600 1892 385,049 1893 470,179 1894 783,078 1895 1,245.339 Year Barrels 1896 I 1,257,780 1897 ' 1,911,569 1898 2,249,088 1899 2,677,875 1900 4,329,950 1901 I 7,710,315 1902 14,356,910 1903 24,340,839 1904 1 29,7.36,003 1905 34,275,701 1906 32,624,000 1907 40,311,171 1908 ' 48,306,910 1909 I 58,191,723 1910 I 77,697,568 1911 : 84,648,157 1912 89,689,250 1913 , 98,494,532 Total (barrels) 659.607,208 The value of the crude oil output during the early years of its pro- duction is a difficult quantity at which to arrive accurately. Taking the total value given in Bulletin No. 60, which includes the years 1887- 1909, as a basis, the grand total value of the petroleum produced in California during the past twenty-five years is as follows: Year Value 1887-1909 $136,693,228 00 1910 -- - 37,689,542 00 1911 . 40,552,088 00 1912 41,868,344 CO 1913 - _ — -- 48,578,014 00 Total $305,381,216 00 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PKODUCTION, 15 CHAPTER THREE. METALS. California's production of metals for the year 1913 reached a total value of $27,694,519.00, and included copper, gold, iron, lead, platinum, quicksilver, silver, tungsten and zinc. Deposits of ores of antimony, molybdenum and vanadium are also to be found in the State, although there is no commercial output of these materials at the present time. California leads all states in the Union in her gold production and the precious metal is widely distributed throughout the State. Thirty- two of the fifty-eight counties contain actively operated gold mines. Copper, which is second in importance among the metals of the State, occurs in the following general districts : the Shasta County belt, which is by far the most important ; the Coast Range deposits, extending more or less continuously from Del Norte in the north to San Luis Obispo County in the south ; the Sierra Nevada foothill belt, starting in Plumas and running in a general southerly direction through the Mother Lode counties and ending in Kern ; the eastern belt in Mono and Inyo counties; and the southern belt, in San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego counties. Silver is not generally found alone in the State, but is almost inva- riably associated to a greater or less extent with gold, copper and lead. Quicksilver, while comparatively small in the value of its annual output, has for many years been one of the State's staple products and California supplies about 80 per cent of the Nation's output of this metal. Tungsten likewise is found in but few other localities. Immense deposits of iron ore have long been known in many sections of the State, but for various economic reasons this branch of the mineral industry is still in its infancy here. I 2—12524 16 MINERAL INDITSTEY OF CALIFOENIA. The following tabulation shows production of metals in California during the years 1912-1913 with increase or decrease in value for each item: Metal 1912 Amount Value 1913 Amount Value Increase 4 or decrease - Copper Gold Iron ore Lead Platinum Quicksilver .. Silver Tungsten ore. Zinc 34,169,997 lbs. 2,508 tons 1,370,067 lbs. 603 oz. 20,600 flasks 8,042 tons 4.331,391 lbs. Totals $5,638,049 19,713,478 2,508 61,653 19,731 866,024 799,5&1 206,000 298,866 $27,605,893 34,471,118 lbs. 2,343 tons 3,640,951 lbs. 368 oz. 15,661 flasks 7,592 tons 1,157,947 lbs. $5,343,023 20,406,958 4,485 160,202 17,738 630,042 832,553 234,673 64,845 $27,694,519 —$295,026 + 693,480 + 1,977 + 98,549 - 1,993 - 235,982 + 32,969 + 28,673 - 234,021 + 88,626 Antimony. Reference: Bulletin 38. State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII, Many first-class deposits of antimony ore are known in California, the chief ones being located in Inyo, Kern, Mono, Riverside, San Benito, and Santa Clara counties. Metallic antimony has been found in Kern County, but the commonest occurrence is in the form of the sulphide. Mining of the ore has not been profitable in the State for some years because of the low price of the metal and the distance from a large market. During the year 1887-1901 various small lots of antimony ore were mined and sold, amount and value being shown in the following table : Year Amount Value 1887 : 75 tons 1888 '' 100 tons 1893 I 50 tons 1894 - i 150 tons 1895 33 tons 1896 I 17 tons 1897 I 20 tons 1898 40 tons 1899 I 75 tons 1900 ! 70 tons 1901 1 50 tons Totals 680 tons $15,500 00 20,000 00 2.250 OO 6,000 00 1,485 00 2,320 00 3,500 00 1,200 OO 13,500 00 5,700 00 8,350 00 $79,805 00 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 17 I Copper. Reference: Bulletins 23 and 50. State Mineralogist Reports VII, XIII. During the calendar year 1913 sixty-three producers in California marketed 34,471,118 pounds of copper having a total value of $5,343,023, or an average of 15^ cents per pound, as compared with the 1912 production of 34,169,997 pounds, worth $5,638,049 at the average price for the year of 16^ cents per pound. The drop of one cent per pound in the price of the metal caused a considerable decrease in the total value of the copper produced during the year in spite of the fact that there was a slight increase in the total output. Further efforts have been made during the past year in the improve- ment of methods of handling the smelter smoke and, generally speaking, the agricultural communities in the neighborhood of several of the large smelters seem to be satisfied, but many plants in the State remain closed, and copper production remains far below normal, as has been the case for the past three years. Seventeen counties contributed to the total, as shown in the table below, but more than two-thirds of the entire amount came from Shasta County, where the most extensive copper deposits of the State are located. San Bernardino County reported the largest number of indi- vidual producers — twenty-one in all — but they are in the main small shippers. Six counties produced in 1913 which had no copper output during the previous year, namely — El Dorado, Humboldt, Kern, Lassen, Merced, and Tuolumne. Distribution by county for the year 1913 follows : County Amount Value Amador .. - _. _ 19,023 lbs. 5,063,187 lbs. 693 lbs. 7.750 lbs. 113,860 lbs. 3,498 lbs. 2,259 lbs. 532,403 lbs. 416,031 lbs. 19,240 lbs. 79,319 lbs. 429 lbs. 17,274 lbs. 8,971 lbs. 497,852 lbs. 27,688,436 lbs. 893 lbs. $2,949 00 Calaveras _ _ - 784,794 00 El Dorado 107 OO Humboldt . . __ _ 1,201 00 Inyo _ _ - „-..__ _ 17,648 00 Kern - -. _ . - 542 00 Lassen ._ . _-. - — -. - 350 00 Madera 82,522 00 Mariposa ._ 64,485 00 Merced .. _ 2,982 OO Mono - -- . . - . . 12,294 00 Placer . _ . _ . 67 00 Plumas - - 2,678 00 Riverside _ _ 1,391 00 San Bernardino _ _ _ - 77,167 00 Shasta -- - -- .- -- 4,291,708 00 Tuolumne _ _ - - - - - 138 00 Totals - 34,471,118 lbs. $5,343,023 00 18 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Amount and value of copper production in California annually since such records have been compiled by the State Mining Bureau is given in the following tabulation: Tear Amount Value 1887 1,600,000 lbs. 1888 1,570,021 lbs. 1889 151,505 lbs. 1890 23,347 lbs. 1891 3,397,455 lbs. 1892 2,980,944 lbs. 1893 239,682 lbs. 1894 738,594 lbs. 1895 225,650 lbs. 1896 1,992,844 lbs. 1897 13,638,626 lbs. 1898 21,543,229 lbs. 1899 23,915,486 lbs. 1900 29,515,512 lbs. 1901 34,931,788 lbs. 1902 27,860,162 lbs. 1903 19,113,861 lbs. 1904 29,974,154 lbs. 1905 16,997,489 lbs. 1906 28,726,448 lbs. 1907 32,602,945 lbs. 1908 40,868,772 lbs. 1909 65,727,736 lbs. 1910 :.- 53,721,032 lbs. 1911 36,838,024 lbs. 1912 34,169.997 lbs. 1913 34,471,118 lbs. Total 557,536,421 lbs. $192,000 00 235,303 00 18,180 00 3,502 00 424,675 00 342,808 00 21,571 00 72,486 00 21,901 00 199,519 00 1,540,666 OO 2,475,168 00 3,990,534 00 4,748,242 00 5,501,782 00 3,239,975 00 2,520,997 00 3,969,995 00 2,650.605 OO 5,522,712 00 6,341,387 OO 5,350,777 00 8,478,142 00 6,680,&41 00 4,604,753 00 5,638,049 OO 5,343,023 00 $80,129,393 00 Gold. Reference: All State Mineralogi,st Reports. Bulletins 38, 57, 45. The California State Mining Bureau has never independently col- lected statistics of gold, silver, and platinum production. Such figures in this Bulletin are obtained from the U. S. Geological Survey. The gold output of the State for 1913 amounted to $20,406,958, an increase of 3.52 per cent over the 1912 production, valued at $19,713,- 478. Not only is the 1913 figure an increase over the previous year, but it is the largest total since 1883. Of the above amount $11,570,781 was derived from deep mines and $8,836,177 from the placers of the State — dredging operations, of course, being classed with placer mining. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 19 The following table shows gold production by county in California for the year 1913 : County Value County Value Alpine . . -. _-._ $537 00 2,901,898 00 Monterey . $6,491 00 Amador Nevada _ .. 2,918,733 00 Butte 2,269,849 00 1,175,208 OO 2,498 00 62,688 00 2,846 OO 25,611 00 31,700' 00 237,310 00 649,712 OO 2,322 00' 14,489 00 171,034 00 2,255 OO 6,061 00 147,271 00 Placer .._ _.. . 220,785 00 Calaveras Plumas - 138,368 00 Del Norte - - Riverside .- 12,501 00 El Dorado Sacramento . _ - . 2,503,633 OO Fresno _ _ -_ San Bernardino — 356,524 00 Humboldt San Luis Obispo _ . 124 00 Imperial Inyo Kern Shasta - - 1,208,870 00 Sierra 1,006,573 00 Siskiyou" _ _. 180,125 OO T.,os Anereles Stanislaus"- _ _ _ 253,166 00 Madera _ -- - ' Trinity _. _ _ _ .. 431,862 00 MariDoso Tuolumne 974,409 00 Merced^ Yuba - - . 2,491,505 00 Modoc Mono Total -- - $20,406,958 00 'Including- dredge production of Merced and Siskiyou counties. ^Dredge production included in Stanislaus total. ^Dredge production included in Stanislaus total. Total Gold Production of California. The following table was compiled by Clias. G. Yale, of the Division of Mineral Resources, U. S. Geological Survey, but for a number of years Statistician of the California State Mining Bureau and the U. S. Mint at San Francisco. The authorities chosen for certain periods were: J. D. Whitney, State Geologist of California; John Arthur Phillips, author of "Mining and Metallurgy of Gold and Silver" (1867); U. S. Mining Commissioner R. W. Raymond; U. S. Mining Commissioner J. Ross Browne ; Wm. P. Blake, Commissioner from Cali- fornia to the Paris Exposition, where he made a report on "Precious Metals" (1867) ; John J. Valentine, author for many years of the annual report on precious metals published by Wells Fargo & Com- pany's Express; and Louis A. Garnett, in the early days manager of the San Francisco refinery where records of gold receipts and ship- ments were kept. Mr. Yale obtained other data from the reports of the director of the U. S. Mint and the director of the U. S. Geological Survey. The authorities referred to, who were alive at the time of the original compilation of this table in 1894, were all consulted in person or by letter by Mr. Yale with reference to the correctness of their published data, and the final table quoted was then made up. 20 MINERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFORNIA. The figures of the last eight years are those prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey: Year Value i 1 Year Value 1848 $245,301 OO 10,151,360 00 41,273,106 00 75,938,232 00 81,294,700 00 67,613,487 00 69,433,931 00 55,485,395 00 57,509.411 00 43.628,172 00 46.591.140 00 45,846,599 00 44,095,163 00 41,884,995 00 38,854,668 OO 23,501,736 00 24,071,423 00 17,930.858 00 17,123,867 OO 18,265,452 00 17,555,867 00 18.229,044 00 17,458,133 00 17,477,885 00 15.482,194 00 15,019,210 00 17.261.836 00 16,876,009 OO 15,610,723 00 16501,268 00 18.839.141 00 19,626.654 00 20,030,761 OO 19,223,155 00 1 1882 $17,146,416 00 1&49 1883 24,316.873 00 1850 1884 13,600,000 00 1851 1885 12,661,044 00 1852 1886 - 14,716506 00 1853 1887 13,588,614 00 1854 1888 12,750,000 00 1855 1889 11,212,913 00 1856 1890 12,309,793 00 1857 1891 12,728,869 00 1858 1892 12,571,900 00 1859 1893 12,422,811 00 1860 1894 13,923,281 00 1861 1895 15,334,317 00 1862 _ 1896 17.181,562 00 1863 1897 15,871,401 00 1864 1898 15,906,478 00 1865 — 1899 15,336,031 00 1866 1900 - 15,863,355 00 1867 1901 . . 16,989,044 00 1868 1902 - - _ 16,910,320 00 1869 1903 16,471,264 00 1870 1904 - 19,109.600 00 1871 1905 19,197,043 00 1872 1906 18,732,452 00 1873 1907 . 16,727.928 00 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Total 18,761,559 00 20,237,870 00 19,715,440 00 19,738,908 00 19,713,478 OO 20,406,958 00 $1,588,087,904 00 Iron Ore. Eeference: State Mineralogist Reports II, IV, V, X, XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. Production of iron ore in California in 1913 amounted to 2,343 .short tons, valued at a total of $-4,485, as compared to the 1912 output of 2.508 tons, worth $2,508. Deposits of iron ore of varying size and quality are known to exist in thirty-one of the fifty-eight counties of the State, but to date very little development has been done. The future possibilities of this branch of the mineral industry in California are almost unlimited, as far as ore resources are concerned, but the lack of available coking coal, and other economic problems, have so far acted as an effective barrier toward advancement along these lines. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PEODUCTION. 21 Total iron ore production in the State, with annual amounts and values, is as follows: Tear Amount Value 1893 250 tons 200 tons 400 tons 108 tons 579 tons 558 tons 2,508 tons 2,343 tons $2,000 00 1894 -- - 1,500 CO 1907 400 00 1909 174 00 1910 - 900 00 1911 ... 558 00 1912 - - — 2,508 00 1913 .. . . 4,485 OO Totals 6,946 tons $12,525 00 Lead. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, VIII, X. Thirty-seven producers, twenty-two of whom were located in Inyo County, produced 3,640,951 pounds of lead in 1913 having a total value of $160,202, as compared with the 1912 output of 1,370,067 pounds, worth $61,653. This large increase w^as the direct result of the active operation of several lead properties in Inyo County wiiich were idle during the previous year. The average price received for this metal during 1913 was 4.4 cents per pound, as compared with 4.5 cents, which held for 1912. Galena, the most common lead ore in the State, is widely distributed and is very commonly associated with ores of gold, silver, and copper. Tabulated county returns for 1913, showing amount and value in each instance, are as follows: County Amount Value Calaveras 7,006 lbs. Inyo ' 3,322,308 lbs. Kern Nevada Placer Plumas San Bernardino Shasta _ Sierra Tuolumne Totals 1,376 lbs. 2,090 lbs. 805 lbs. 5,621 lbs. 279,241 lbs. 19,070 lbs. 2,228 lbs. 1,206 lbs. 3,&10,951 lbs. $308 00 146,182 OO 61 00 92 00 35 00 247 00 12,287 00 839 00 98 00 53 00 $160,202 00 22 MINEKAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Statistics on lead production in California were first compiled by this Bureau in 1887. Amount and value of the output, annually, with total figures, to date, are given in the following table : Year 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 - 1901 1902 . 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Totals 14,776 tons Amount Value 580 tons $52,200 00 450 tons 38,250 00 470 tons 35,720 00 400 tons 36,000 00 570 tons 49,020 00 680 tons 54,400 00 333 tons 24,975 OO 475 tons 28,500 00 796 tons 49,364 OO 646 tons 38,805 00 298 tons 20,264 00 328 tons 23,907 00 360 tons 30,642 00 520 tons 41,600 00 360 tons 28,820 00 175 tons 12,230 00 55 tons 3,960 00 62 tons 5,270 00 266 tons 25,083 00 169 tons 19,307 00 164 tons 16,690 00 562 tons 46,663 00 1,343 tons 144,897 OO 1,508 tons 134,082 00 701 tons 63,173 00 685 tons 61,653 00 1,820 tons 160,202 00 $1,245,677 00 Molybdenum. Reference: Bulletin 67, "MoWbdenite." Molybdenum is used to a limited extent in the steel industry, and experiments have been carried on with a view toward using this metal in the manufacture of filaments for electric bulbs. Deposits of molyb- denum ores have been observed in several localities in California, but no commercial production has been attempted to date. The above reference gives detailed data on occurrence, character- istics, etc., of this material. Platinum. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. The platinum annually produced in California comes almost entirely as an incidental discovery in dredging and other gold placer operations. According to the U. S. Geological Survey the actual platinum output for the State during the calendar year 1913 was 368 ounces, valued at $17,738, as compared with the 1912 production of 603 ounces, worth $19,731. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 23 Total amount and value of platinum production in California, by years, is shown in the following tabulation: Tear Amount Value 1887 100 500 500 600 lOO 80 75 100 150 162 150 300 300 250 39 ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. $400 00 1888 2,000 00 1889 2,000 00 1890 _ _ .. . - - 2,500 00 1891 _ - 500 00 1892 440 00 1893 517 00 1894 -. 600 00 1895 - -- -_ _ 900 00 1896 944 00 1897 900 00 1898 1,800 00 1899 . -- 1,800 00 1901 -- 3,200 00 1902 468 00 1903 --- -- 1,052 00 1904 1,849 00 ]g05 - - .-- 20O 91 30O 706 416 337 511 603 368 ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. ozs. 3,320 00 1906 -. -- 1,647 00 1907 - - 6,255 00 1908 . . 13,414 00 1909 - - -- 10,400 00 1910 8,386 00 1911 -_--.. - - - 14,873 00 1912 — -- - -- 19,731 00 1913 17.738 00 Totals - _--- -_-- - __ 6,938 ozs. .1;117,634 00 Quicksilver. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, X, XII, XIII. Bul- letin 27. Reports were received from sixty-one quicksilver mines, only 16 of W'hich were operative during the year 1913. The active mines were distributed through eight counties and the production amounted to 15,661 flasks of 75 pounds, valued at $630,042, or an average of $40.23 per flask, as compared with the 1912 output of 20,600 flasks, worth $866,024, or an average of $42.04 per flask. This is a decrease in amount of 4,939 flasks, and in value of $235,982 and a decrease in the average price per flask of $1.81. Three hundred and thirty-seven men were employed in the quicksilver mines and reduction plants during the year. Fresno, Lake, and San Luis Obispo counties reported an increase in production for 1913 over the previous year; San Benito, Santa Clara, Sonoma, and Trinity counties fell off to a considerable extent ; and the Napa County output was indentical with that of 1912. Some develop- 24 MINERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFOENIA. ment work was carried on in the non-producing mines, but on the whole 1913 was the quietest year ever experienced by the industry since records have been kept by the Mining Bureau, The following table shows distribution by counties in 1913, with increase or decrease in amount in each instance, as compared with 1912 : County Amount Value Increase Decrease Fresno 375 flasks 395 flasks 287 flasks 9,719 flasks 1,160 flasks 3,709 flasks 12 flasks 4 flasks $15,086 00 15,891 00 11,546 00 390,995 00 46,667 00 149.213 00 483 00 161 00 39 flasks 186 flasks Lake Napa San Benito 24 flasks Ran Tjiiis Obisno 494 flasks Santa Clara 4,986 flasks Sonoma 634 flasks Trinity 14 flasks Totals 15.661 flasks $am042 00 4,939 flasks . The total amount and value of the quicksilver production of Cali- fornia since records were first compiled by the State Mining Bureau are given in the following tabulation: Year Amount Value 1887 33,760 flasks 33,250 flasks 26,464 flasks 22,926 flasks 22,904 flasks 27,933 flasks 30,164 flasks 30,416 flasks 36,104 flasks 30,765 flasks 26,&18 flasks 31,092 flasks 29,454 flasks 26,317 flasks 26,720 flasks 29,552 flasks 32,094 flasks 28,876 flasks 24,655 flasks 19,516 flasks 17,379 flasks 18,039 flasks 16,217 flasks 17,665 flasks 19,109 flasks 20,600 flasks 15.661 flasks $1,425,000 00 1888 1,413,125 00 1889 1.190,500 00 1890 1,203,615 00 1891 1,036,386 00 1892 .- _ 1,139,600 00 1893 1,108,527 00 1894 934,000 00 1895 1,337,131 00 1896 1,075,449 00 1897 _ 993,445 00 1898 1,188,626 00 1899 1,405,045 00 1900 1,182,786 00 1901 1,285,014 00 1902 1,276,524 00 1903 1,335,954 00 1904 1,086,323 00 1905 886,081 00 1906 712,334 00 1907 663,178 00 1908 - — - 763,520 00 1909 773,788 00 1910 799,002 00 1911 -- - — - - 879.205 00 1912 866,024 00 1913 — . 630,042 00 Totals 694,280 flasks $28,590,224 00 STATISTICS OF AXNUAL PRODUCTION". 25 Silver. Reference: State INIineralogist Reports IV, VIII, XII. Silver production in California during the 3'ear 1913 amounted to $832,553, as compared with the 1912 output of $799,584, according to Ihe records of the United States Geological Survey, from which source these figures, along with gold and platinum, are derived. The average price for the year was 60.4 cents per ounce, a decrease from the average price of 61.5 cents which was paid for silver during 1912. Tabulated county production returns are as follows : Alpine .. $4 00 18,097 00 5,163 00 61,076 00 16 00 250 00 15 00 132 00' 94 00 136,854 OO 11,851 00 2 00 27 00 1.617 00 Monterey Nevada ._ _ $27 00 Amador _ 26,542 OO Butte Placer __ _ ._ . _ 2,972 00 705 00 Calaveras Plumas - Del Norte _ _ __ Riverside Sacramento 104 00 El Dorado 3,406 00 Fresno .._..-----__ San Bernardino 44,413 00 Humboldt Imperial San Luis Obispo Shasta _ 1 00 448,031 00 Invo - - _ . - Sierra 4.805 00 Kern Siskiyou" _____ 1,228 OO Lassen - _ _ Stanislaus^ __ 671 00 Los Anffeles Trinity _ 2,119 00 Madera Tuolumne, 24,381 00 Mariposa _ _ _ 7,430 00 1 Tuba 7,571 00 Merced" _ _ _ 92 00 94 00 23,263 00 Total IVIodoo Mono _ $832,553 00 'Including dredge production of Merced and Siskiyou. ^Dredge production included in Stanislaus total. ^Dredge production included in Stanislaus total. Annual value of the silver production in California, 1887-1913 in- clusive, is shown in the following table: Tear Value Tear Value 1887 $1,632,003 00 188S 1,700,000 OO 1889 754,793 OO 1890 1,060,613 00 1891 953,157 00 1892 463,602 00 1893 537,157 00 1894 i 297,332 OO 1895 ' 599,789 00 1896 422,463 00 1897 452,789 00 1898 414,055 CO 1899 504,012 00 1900 1,510,344 00 1901 1,229,356 00 1902 $616,412 00 1903 517,444 00 1904 873,525 00 1905 678,494 00 1906 817,830 00 1907 751,646 00 1908 873,057 00 1909 1,091,092 00 1910 993,&16 00 1911 673,336 00 1912 799,584 00 1913 832,553 00 Total $22,050,084 00 26 MINEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Tungsten. Reference: Bulletin 38. Tungsten was first commercially produced in California in 1905. This metal is used in the steel industry and as a filament in electric light bulbs. The value of the ore is based upon the content of tungstic trioxide (WOg), and quotations are commonly made per unit of WO3 present. During the year 1913 the tungsten ore produced in the State amounted to 7,592 tons, valued at $234,673, as compared with the 1912 output of 8,042 tons, worth $206,000. The annual value of tungsten produced in California since the incep- tion of the industry is given herewith : Year Value ¥ear Value 1905 $18,800 00 189,100 00 120,587 00 37.750 00 190,500 00 208,245 00 1911 1912 1913 $127,706 00 1906 206,000 00 1907 ... 1908 — 1909 — 1910 Total — - 234,673 00 $1,333,361 00 Tin. Reference: Bulletin 67, " Cassiterite. " A small deposit of tin ore, cassiterite, located near Corona, in Eiver- side County, was operated during the years 1891-92. Amount and value of the output during that time is tabulated below. No other commercial production of tin has ever been made in California, and no deposits of anj^ size are known. Small quantities of stream tin have been found in some of the placer workings in northern California, but never in paying amounts. Total output of tin in California: Year Amount Value 1891 . - _ .-. — i 125,289 lbs. i 126,000 lbs. $27,564 00 1892 - - --- -- 32,400 00 Totals 251,289 lbs. $59,964 00 Vanadium. No commercial production of vanadium has ever been made in Cali- fornia. Traces of this metal have been found in the southeastern portion of the State and two companies have done considerable devel- opment work recently in the endeavor to open up paying quantities of vanadium ore. There is a growing demand for vanadium, for use in the steel industry. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 27 Zinc. Reference: Bulletin 38. Althougli zinc has long been known as an ingredient in many of the copper and other ores of the State, the first commercial production occurred in 1906. During 1913, 1,157,947 pounds of zinc were marketed having a total value of $64,845, as compared with the 1912 output of 4,331,391 pounds, worth $298,866. The average price per pound for 1913 was 5.6 cents, as compared with 6.9 cents for the previous year. The principal sources of zinc ores are Inyo, San Bernardino, and Shasta counties. Total production figures for zinc output of the State are as follows: Year Amount I Value 1906 I ! $12,566 00 1907 : 10,598 00 1908 i ! 3,544 OO 1911 ! 2,679,842 lbs. I 152,751 00 1912 1 4,331,391 lbs. j 298,866 00 1913 ' 1,157,947 lbs. ' 64,845 OO ( i Total $543,170 00 28 MINERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFOItNlA. CHAPTER FOUR. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS. As indicated by this chapter heading, the mineral substances herein considered are those more or less directly used in building and struc- tural work. This branch of the mineral industry for 1913 was valued at $17,664,328. Only a few years ago its value was of no significance in considering the total mineral production of the State. With the growth, in population and otherwise, of California, this subdivision of the mineral industry in the State will increase indefinitely. Deposits of granite, marble and other building stones are distributed widely throughout the State, and slowly but surely transportation and other facilities are being extended so that the growing demand may be met. The largest single item, cement, has an unparalleled record of growth since the inception of the industry in California twenty-three j^ears ago. Not until 1904 did the annual value of cement produced reach the million dollar mark. It has increased 500 per cent in nine years. Crushed rock production is yearly becoming more worthy of consid- eration, due to the wonderful strides recently taken in concrete build- ing, as well as to activity in the building of good roads. Brick, with an annual output worth nearly $3,000,000, is slowly decreasing, due to the popularity of cement and concrete, but nevertheless this item will be an important one for many j^ears to come, and, of course, a market for fire and fancy brick of all kinds will never be lacking. The following table gives the comparative figures for the value of structural materials produced in California during the years 1912 and 1913. Thirty-nine counties contributed to this total, and there is not a county in the State which is not capable of a considerable output of at least one of the following classes of material. Structural materials, by value, 1912-1913, showing increase or decrease in each instance : Substance Value, 1913 Value, 1912 Increase value ; Decrease value Bituminous rock Brick _ $78,479 00 2,915,350 00 7,743,024 00 12,700 00 528,547 00 77,056 OO 113,282 00 27,870 00 6,168,020 00 $87,467 00 . 2,940.290 OO - 6,074,661 00 11,260 00 464,440 00 105,120 OO - 74,120 00 22,574 00 5,473,928 00 $8,988 00 24,940 00 Cement .- $1,668,363 00 . 1,440 00 . 64,107 00 . Chrome Lime Magnesite _- . _ 28,064 00 Marble _ _ 39,162 00 . 5,296 00 - 694,092 00 . $2,410,468 00 Sandstone Stone industry Totals . $17,664,328 00 $15,253,860' 00 Total increase STATISTICS OF AXXL'AL PEODUCTION. 29 Asphalt. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VTI, X, XII, XIII. Bul- letins 16 and 32. Deposits of natural asphalt exist in nearly all the coast counties of California between San Francisco and Los Angeles. At various times in the past small amounts of this natural substance have been used, but on account of the large quantity of crude oil of asphalt base which is annually refuied here it has been found that a better grade of asphalt can be produced for less money than the natural deposits afford. Con- sequently, no asphalt is mined or quarried in the natural state. During the calendar year 1913, 344,000 tons of the refined product, valued at $2,752,000, or $8 per ton, were sold, as compared with the 1912 output of 250,000 tons, valued at $2,500,000. These figures are only presumed to be approximate and are not added to the total of the State's mineral output because the value of the crude petroleum from Avhich it was manufactured has been included and the addition of the value of this by-product would give a false result, too high by the above amount. The great bulk of the asphalt produced is used in street paving, although it has various other growing uses, such as for roofing, insulating, as a preservative for piling, etc. Forty-eight companies o\\ti refineries in the State, either operating or capable of being operated. Several companies own more than one plant. These refineries are located either adjacent to the oil fields in Fresno, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, and Santa Barbara counties, or at tide water in the neighborhood of San Francisco, San Diego, and A^entura. Bituminous Rock. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Reports were received by the State Mining Bureau from nine com- panies owning bituminous rock quarries. But three were active during 1913. The total output for the year amounted to 37,541 tons, valued at $78,479, an average of $2.09 per ton, as compared with the 1912 production of 44,073 tons, w^orth $87,467. This material is in reality only a poor grade of natural asphalt and production is annually declin- ing because of the fact that asphalt from the various oil refineries is continually becoming cheaper and more available for use in all parts of the State. Distribution by county for 1913 is as follows: County Amount Value San Luis Obispo. Santa Barbara _. Santa Oruz 609 tons 10,000 tons $1,149 00 10,000 GO 26,932 tons ' 67,330 00 Totals 37,541 tons $78,479 00 30 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA, The following tabulation shows the total amount and value of bitu- minous rock quarried and sold in California since the first records were compiled by the State Mining Bureau, annually, since 1887 : Bituminous Rock. Year Amount Value Year Amount Value 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 36,000 tons 50,000 tons 40,000 tons 40,000 tons 39,962 tons 24,000 tons 32,000 tons 31,214 tons 38,921 tons 49,456 tons 45,470 tons 46,836 tons 40,321 tons 25,306 tons 24,052 tons $160,000 00 257,000 00 170,000 OO 170,000 00' 154,164 00 72,000 00 192,036 00 115,193 00 121,586 00 122,500 00 128,173 OO 137,575 00 116,097 00 71,495 00 66,354 00 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 33,490 tons 21,944 tons 45,280 tons 24,753 tons 16,077 tons 24.122 tons 30,718 tons 34.123 tons 87,547 tons 75,125 tons 44,073 tons 37,541 tons $43,411 00 53,106 00 175,680 00 60,436 00 45,204 00 72,835 00 109,818 00 116,436 00 165,711 00 117,279 00 87,467 00 1898 1913 78,479 00 1899 1900 1901 Totals — 1,038,331 tons $3,180,035 OO Brick. Reference: Bulletin 38. Sixty-two brick yards distributed through twenty-six counties pro- duced 358,754 thousand brick of all kinds during 1913, having a total value of $2,915,350, or a general average value of $7.87 per thousand. As compared to the previous year these figures show an increase in amount, but a decrease in value, as the 1912 output amounted to 337,233, worth $2,940,290, with a general average value of $8.71 per thousand. A great variety of brick is annually produced in the State, including common, fire, pressed, glazed, sand lime, and others. As far as possible the different kinds have been segregated in the following tabulation, but in many cases operators report their total without any classification and such figures are of necessity listed as miscellaneous. It will therefore be understood that in no case does the total of a subdivision represent the true amount if figures are also given in the miscellaneous column. According to Bulletin No. 38, issued by the California State Mining Bureau, the following analyses show the average and the maximum and minimum of the ingredients commonly occurring in brick clays. A clay in which the percentage of any one or more of the ingredients j mentioned is much above the maximum given or below the minimum will prove an inferior, if not worthless, clay for even common brick. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PEODUCTION. Chemical Analyses of Common -brick Clays. 31 Maximum Silica (SiO.."), combined- Silica sand Alumina (ALOa) Water (H.O), combined Water moisture Iron oxide (FcOa) Lime (CaO) Magnesia (MgO) Alkalies (KoO, Na,0) — 30.0% 60.0% 25.0% 9.0% 6.0% 8.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% The detailed figures of brick production for 1913, by counties, are as follows : 3—12524 32 MINEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. o o (X) oq o c^f (M CO 1—1 1-1 (M OOOC300oc:3CDOodOdo (Ocsoocod'OOOOTHcricDoooociC'OCDOc:'!^ CDl0OC>OlL0OiOC><305C5<3tDC!00OC3C0CDO!3'X) C2i— ioo>— i5Diooc3CO>— II— I'^r^ocDOOco'^oqocs o CD o lO CO lO 1— ( oi c c o w t^OTHC>0)C>iOC^lO10'^'':t*OOOC>OOOOOCO C--0>— i<^<3C>O1t-f 02«Ci-i"rHCOCC CD-rH »-H CO O ^H c 3 o o >» c o o 3 ■o o u ta c c 3 ci o o CO CO o o o o t^ o oo o CO o o o t^ CO c = 00 o o cz> 00 o 00 00 00 t^ ■^ o o o o o o o CD in o o o o o <3 LO 00 0_ T-l O CJ <—_ CO lO o ■^" •^ -^ ci ci 1-i o (M ■!)< -rri (M t^ t^ 1-1 r^ ■^OCSOIOOSIOO t-~c5cr>o(M (Mi-Id i-iioioiocoiococn •<*i lO CO o o <=> <=> o o CO C3 O ■* d> o CD lO 03 C3 '^ P Cj _ !C •5 c C 03 c CO CO 8 CO d d' d d d d d d> d o tr IC o o O d> CO d> 03 o o (M "^ CD ^tl 00 d 00 CO d o d d d CO (M d d. 00 01 »o m CM 1— ( d d d d d> d! d CO d dl d 10 O d d^ CO ■^00 CD d CJ T-H in CD d d 10 10 d d Ci 00 CO d d (M CO CO d dl sa 00 Oi > 1 5 1 ! ! 1 !Io 1 ■t; i»-ioo 1 looot^ooi-H 1 15 ' 05 10000 1 I000-*000 1 c— 1 00 IC^COOO 1 iT-lO-*0CO«D 10 1 1 ICO 100 1 1 1 1 I IIOIOt-H riO I 1 IrH f 1—1 1 (3 ^ CO lOCSl c^ 'i' a 1 1 1 1 1 e«- csi 1 III 1 1 CO €«■ 3 t4 3 ■t;? 1 1 1 1 lkOC3(M 10 1 1 110 it^ 1 03 V 1 1 1 1 icooti< 10 1 1 ICO 100 1 05 £ kOO^ 10 1 1 110 100 1 CO 1 ] i 1 1 10 1-4 of 1 10 1 ] 1 1 '-^ 1 CO" 1 1 1 1 1 "^ I III 1 <^' 1 00 c 3 00 1 1 lOOOOO 1 10 1 1 10 00 1 1 iOCZjCOOO 1 l<0 1 1 10 . OOi 1 1 lOOOO-OLO 1 10 1 1 10 (M to 2 o-r-i 1 1 iinooioos 1 liO 1 1 iio «D ^— 3 10»-l T 1 iOIOOI-Ot-h 1 100 1 1 iO ■ <^^ c^ 00 i- C ««■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 €«■ o (U M- S .« 3 C o 5! CO -*j t^05 1 1 lOO-'S'OtD ' 10 1 1 10 50 Ih 1^ a> COi-l 1 1 llOO!i-lOi c V i-HtH 1 1 lOOUOliOOOt^ 1 110 1 1 liM CO 3 , y J3 1 1 1 10000 100 10 10 10 o 1 1 1 10000 100 10 10 10 1 1 1 iCD?OOtH icz>o i 1 1 1 ICOOSC^^ li-iO> 110 I05 ICO 05 3 a o « illli-Ht^ I'loo! 1i-h!i-^ 05 ■a ^ e«-io ,_, t^ o « 1 1 1 1 IM 1 1 1 1 (M s- bo «o- Q. a 4) 1 •f^ 1 1 1 10C50«D iCOO 10 10 10 1—1 "E n a 1 1 1 IOC3irai-l rl^CJ 10 10 10 lO re ^ 1 1 1 lCOCOO]i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 t t 1 1 1 1 3 O c J Fresno Humboldt Imperial luyo Lassen Madera Nevada Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Bernardino San Diego San Luis Obispo ___ Santa Barbara Sonoma Tulare f-H a Eh 44 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Paving Block Production, by counties, for 1913. County Amount Value Contra Costa _ - - 124 M 395 M 421 M 16 M 1.903 M 20 M 250 M 474 M 2,761 M $49,458 00 25,214 00 Los Angeles ._ _ . _ . . __ . _ . . Placer ._ . _ . . . _ _. 13,443 00 1,000 00 103,088 00 450 00 Plumas . - - Riverside . - - _ Sacramento _- _ ______ . _. _ San Bernardino _- _- 16 250 00 San Diego . _ . 27,855 00 Sonoma _- 126,747 00 Totals 6,364 M $363,505 00 Sand and Gravel Production, by counties, for 1913. County Moulding sand, flie sand, etc. Amount Value Alameda Amador . _ ^500 tons ^877 tons $1,125 00 670 00 651,253 tons $295,132 00 Butte 344,983 tons 200,261 tons 300 tons 141,994 tons 416,640 tons 35,575 tons 200 tons 598,759 tons 100 tons 15,750 tons 11,078 tons 206,264 tons 72,707 tons 16,250 tons 250,164 tons 15,000 tons 34,217 tons 35,600 tons 1,800 tons 5,000 tons 12,000 tons 7,008 tons 48,830 tons 152,412 tons 62,275 tons 10,000 tons 1,000 tons 45,848 tons 31.379 00 Contra Costa EI Dorado 55,887 00 75 00 Fresno _. 45,537 00 Glenn _. 27.776 00 Humboldt ._ 25,075 00 Lassen .. _ __ 350 00 Los Angeles Marin ... _ ._ 160,966 00 100 00 Mendocino ._ _ .. i 9,450 00 Monterey - . . _ __ 11,876 00 Napa 123,759 00 Orange __ 15,815 00 Riverside ._. _ 4,100 00 Sacramento San Bernardino . 48,551 00 2,750 00 San Diego San Francisco _ . ^3,149 tons 4,149 00 13,537 00 9.000 00 San Joaquin _ _._ . . 900 00 San Mateo .. 2.000 00 Santa Barbara . _ 7,000 00 Santa Clara __. . -.. __. 4.256 00 Siskiyou 4,883 00 Sonoma . . _ _. ^271 tons 1 1,813 00 48,495 00 Stanislaus ._ 14.482 00 Tehama -_ . .. 500 00 Trinity 1.000 00 Yuba 8,063 00 Totals 4,797 tons $7,757 00 3,393,268 tons $972,691 00 'Moulding- sand. =Fire sand. ^Chicken grit. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION, 45 (A « £ 3 O O >. SI c o +J u 3 ■o o X o o DC ■a (0 3 O O O 1 o o o 1 o o looooocrooo 1 c O o O O O 1 o o o 1 o o lOOOCCCOOO 1 1 o o 00 -^ CO 1 O ^9< O 1 o o lOOOtCC»OCDlOi-iC5 1 1 o CD C-fl C<1 lO 1 o -«• o 1 lO o ic3occcir^ocot^c5 i c ■<*• p. 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C3 CD O 1 1 1 1 O O 1 O 1 O ! o coo O O 1 O 1 O CO 1 o o O O 1 rfi 1 O 1 CD 1 CD CM o o OS o 1 1 O 1 1 1 »o CO O 00 to 1 r^ 1 o 1 '^ 1 •'Tf 1— 1 t^ 3 1 1 lO t 1 1 o "* "^^ 1-1 O 1 00 1 O 1 00 1 -^ CO o ed i 1 -rH 1 1 1 OO" 1-^ CO IO IO CO -^ r^ > <» 02 t^ 1 1 1 ] CO CD 1 1 ^'^ 1 1 1 1— t CO 3 1 1 1 c «^ .□ « C 1 C 1 c c c t r c C C 1 1 1 . 1 1 0> 1 1 1 -^ O CM O O 1 00 CO r 00 1 CD IC OO 1 1 O 1 1 1 00 CO CO (O (O 1 i:t^ 1 0> C 1— 1 I -^ CM 00 CO 1 1 o 1 1 1 1-1 CO O CM IO 1 t^ CO c ■>}< c CM O^ OS G 1 1 iO 1 1 1 Oi f~" i-T of 1 CO O 1-1 CO cd" £ 1 i -^ j I j CM 1—1 1-1 CM 1-1 Tf 00 E^ ■* C 1 1 t 1 1 C 1 CD O 1 OO o o o OOOOO coo lOO o o o o o o o O 1 O O O O CZ> OOOOO coo COO o o o o o o o 00 1 CO O O O lO OOOOCO lOl^ lOCO o T^ 1—1 IO CM o OO 1 t^ { CM C5 CD O 0> oiocDiooo iC3t^ i»or^ CD CM 1— 1 1-H IO o CO ■^ 1 CM of CM OS lO" IO ,-<" co" O CO 00 CM CM 1-1 C- O 1-1 1-1 «o CO tH CO' C* j tH cm ■* 1-1 ] 1-1 ] IO rH 3 3 o 1 J 1 1 03 ) 1 i 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 O 1 ' 1 : 1 ' ,1 : 1 : .s 1 c ! , 1 -M 1 I 1 1 1 «] 1 1 03 1 r o (- ' rERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick -- .-. - - 2,100 M 15,500 tons 192,240 M 9,485,362 bbls. $14,000 00 Clav - - - . 20,666 00 Natural gas __.--_ .__ _ . _ 9,612 00 Petrolpum __. __ ._ _ . 6,867,402 00 Stone industry* 36,815 00 Total -- - $6,948,495 00 *See page 42. Placer. Area: 1,395 square miles. Population: 18,237 (1910 census). Location: Eastern border of State, directly west of Lake Tahoe. While standing only twenty-fourth on the list of mineral producing counties. Placer contains a wide variety of mineral substances which have never been commercially exploited. Its leading products are gold and granite. Other mineral resources, many of them undeveloped, are : Asbestos, brick, chromite, clay, coal, copper, gems, gold, iron, limestone, magnesite, manganese, marble, quartz crystals, sand-glass, silver, soap- stone, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick 1.900 M Clay i 63,600 tons Copper 1 429 lbs. Gold ' Lead Quartz Silver Stone industry* Total 805 tons 2,000 tons $40,000 00 47,200 00' 67 00 220,785 00 35 00 4,000 OO 2,972 OO 205,749 00 $520,808 OO *See page 42. Plumas. Area: 2,594 square miles. Population: 5,259 (1910 census). Location: Northeastern border of State, south of Lassen. A considerable portion of the area of Plumas County lies in the high mountains and deposits of the metals, especially copper, abound here. Lack of transportation and other facilities have retarded its growth and its future is decidedly promising. Mineral production for 1913 was valued at $143,698, as compared with the 1912 output, worth $196,997. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 91 Among its mineral resources are chromite, copper, gold, granite, iron, lead, limestone, manganese, platinum minerals, silver, tungsten, and zinc. Commercial production for 19] 3 was as follows: Substance Copper i 17,274 lbs Gold Lead Silver Stone industry* Total Amount Value 17,274 lbs $2,678 00 138,368 00 5,621 lbs. 247 00 705 00 1,700 00 $143,698 00 *See page 42. Riverside. Area: 7,2-40 square miles. Population: 34,696 (1910 census). Location: Southern portion of State. Riverside is the fourth county in the State in size and the thirteenth in regard to the total value of mineral output for 1913. Within its borders are included mountain, desert and agricultural land. Its min- eral resources include metals, structural and industrial materials, and salines, some of the more important being asbestos, borax, brick, cement, clay, coal, copper, gems, gold, graphite, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, magnesite, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, nitre, salt, sand-glass, soapstone, silver, stone industry, and tin. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick 3,530 M 88,936 tons 8,971 lbs. $30,300 CO Clav - - - -- - -— 89,963 00 Copper _. -- -- - - 1,391 OO Gems 1,000 00 Gold -t. 12,501 00 Gvpsum _ - - 1,000 tons 569 tons 200,000 gals. 3,000 00 Maenesite - 4,552 00 Mineral water __ ____ ____ 20,000 00 Silver . _ - - 104 00 Stone Indnstrv* 536,844 00 Other minerals 1,372,314 00 Totals - $2,071,969 00 *See page 4 2. 92 Sacramento. MINERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFORNIA. ' Area: 983 square miles. Population: 90,000 (estimate of Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: North central portion of State. Sacramento stands ninth among the counties of the State as a mineral producer, the output, principally gold, for 1913 being valued at $2,925,706, as compared with the 1912 production, worth $2,171,399. In regard to gold output alone this countj^ ranks third, being exceeded only by Amador and Nevada counties. Its mineral resources include brick, clay, gold, natural gas, platinum, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 22,535 M $144,191 00 Gold 2,503,633 00 Natural gas _. _ .. 72,000 M 36,000 00 Silver 3,406 00 Stone Industrj'* . 238,476 00 Total $2,925,706 00 ♦See page 42. San Benito. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Area: 1,392 square miles. Population: 8,041 (1910 census). Location: "West central portion of State. Although twenty-fifth among the counties of the State in regard to value of total mineral production, San Benito leads in one important branch of the mineral industry, namely, quicksilver production. Its other mineral resources, many of them undeveloped, include anti- mony, bituminous rock, chromite, coal, gypsum, gems, limestone, mineral water, soapstone, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Mineral water .. _ .__ 7,000 gals. 9,719 flasks $4,500 00 Quicksilver __ . 390.995 00 Stone industry* __ 119,500 00 Total $514,995 00 ''See page 42. I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 93 San Bernardino. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VIII, IX, XI. Area: 20,157 square miles. Population: 75,000 (estimate by board of supervisors, 1913). Location: Southeastern portion of State. San Bernardino, by far the largest county in the State, ranks twelfth as regards the value of its mineral output for 1913, with a total of $2,486,100. This county, consisting largely of mountain and desert country, is highly mineralized, a few of the more important mineral resources being asbestos, barytes, borax, brick, cement, clay, copper, gems, gold, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, nitre, potash, salt, silver, soapstone, soda, stone industry, tungsten, tufa, vanadium, and zinc. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Barytes -_- .__ __ 50 tons 350 M 497,852 lbs. .$550 00 Brick __ - - 2,100 00 Copper .. _.. _ _- - _ 77,167 00 Gems --_-- -- --_. - 550 00 Gold - - 356,524 00 Gypsum -_ Lead . . _. ._ . 25,000 tons 279,241 lbs. 121,544 bbls. 25,896 tons 4,500 gals. 3,049 tons 74,000 00 12,287 00 Lime _ _ __ ___ _.. 113,856 00 Limestone __ _______ 35,464 00 Mineral water ___ ___ 3,000 00 Salt - 10,573 00 Silver _________ 44,413 00 Stone industry* _ _ _ __ .. .. 364,312 00 Other minerals _ _____ ____ _ _ _ _ l',391,304 00 Total _ ' $2,486,100 00 *See page 42. San Diego. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VI, VIII, XI. Area: 4,221 square miles. Population: 140,000 (estimate by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: Extreme southwest corner of State. San Diego, first in California in the production of gem stones, ranks twenty-ninth in regard to its total value of mineral output. This figure for 1913 equaled $315,694, as compared to the 1912 output, worth $305,683. Aside from minerals commercially produced, as shown below, San Diego County contains deposits of asbestos, bismuth, copper, lithia, mica, marble, potash, soap.stone, and tungsten. 94 MIN^EEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick _ _ .„ _ 9,384 M 838 tons $68,400 00 Clay _ 2,840 00 Gems - - _ ._ 7,465 00 Mineral water ._ _ _ _ 41,.500 gals. 20,500 tons 15,225 00 Salt 51,750 00 Stone industry* 170,014 00 Total $315,694 00 *See page 42. San Francisco. Area: 43 square miles. Population : 560,582 (estimate by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Surprising as it may appear at first glance, San Francisco County is listed among the mineral producing sections of the State, actual produc- tion consisting of crushed rock, sand, and gravel. Small quantities of various valuable mineral substances are found here, including cinnabar, gypsum, lignite and magnesite, none, however, in paying quantities. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Value Stone industry* Total $110,551 00 $110,551 00 *See page 42. San Joaquin. Ai'ea: 1,448 square miles. Population: 50,731 (1910 census). Location: Central portion of State. San Joaquin County reported a mineral production for the year 1913 having a total value of $165,157, as compared with the 1912 output, worth $210,040. Comparatively few mineral substances are found here, the chief ones being brick, clay, infusorial earth, manganese, natural gas, and sand-glass. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 6,314 M Clayt : 1,494 tons Natural gas 142,730 M Sand-glass 3,000 tons Stone industry* Total i *See page 42. fHigh-grade fire clay. $73,768 00 18,522 00 67,967 00 4,000 00 900 00 $165,157 00 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 95 San Luis Obispo. I Area: 3,334 square miles. Population: 19,383 (1910 census). Location: Bordered by Kern County on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. San Luis Obispo County more than doubled its mineral production in 1913, as compared with the previous year. The total value for 1913 amounted to $63,675, as compared with the 1912 output, worth $31,564. Among its mineral resources, both developed and undeveloped, are asphalt, bituminous rock, brick, chromite, coal, copper, gold, gypsum, infusorial earth, limestone, marble, mineral water, onyx, petroleum, quicksilver, silver, and stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Bituminous rock Brick _-- __ 609 tons 1,500 M $1,149 00 15,000 00 Gold _- - - - 124 00 Mineral water _ _ _ - 1,500 gals. 1,160 flasks 600 00 Quicksilver 46,667 00 Silver — __ _ _ _- 1 00 Stone industry* __ 134 00 Total $63,675 00 *See page 42. San Mateo. Area; 447 square miles. Population: 37,500 (estimate by county board of supervisors, 1913) . Location: Peninsula, joining San Francisco on the north. San Mateo's most important mineral products are limestone and salt, the latter being derived by evaporation from the waters of San Fran- cisco Bay. The total value of all mineral production during 1913 equaled $215,371, almost identical with the 1912 figures of $216,582. Small amounts of barytes, chromite, infusorial earth and quicksilver have been discovered in addition to the items of economic value noted below. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick . 1,418 M 2,000 tons $44,680 00 Clay 1,000 00 Gems _ _..__. 300 00 Limestone .___.____ 138,544 tons 28,000 tons 78,506 00 Salt 72,250 00 Stone industry* ._ 18,635 00 Total $215,371 00 *See page 42. 7—12524 96 MINEEAL INDUSTKY OF CALIFOENIA. Santa Barbara. Area: 2,740 square miles. Population: 27,738 (1910 census). Location: Southwestern portion of State, joining San Luis Obispo on the south. Five out of the six leading counties of the State, in regard to the value of their mineral production, owe their position to the presence of productive oil fields within their boundaries. Santa Barbara County is sixth on the list, with a total value of $3,636,288 for the year 1913, as compared with the 1912 output of $4,111,258. Aside from the mineral substances listed below Santa Barbara County contains asphalt, gilsonite, gypsum, magnesite, and quicksilver in more or less abundanc*. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Bituminous rock 10,000 tons Brick 3,000 M Infusorial eartli | 6,895 tons Lime ' 26,512 bbls. Limestone | 5,884 tons Mineral water : 112,500 gals. Natural gas 5,096,300 M Petroleum 6,291,076 bbls. Sandstone 4,500 eu. ft. Stone industry* Total $10,000 00 24,000 00 28,960 00 25,910 00 19,623 00 108,135 00 254,815 00 3,151,725 00 1,670 00 11,450 00 $3,636,288 00 *See page 42. Santa Clara. Reference: State Mineralogist Report IX. Area: 1,328 square miles. Population: 97,039 (estimate by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: West central portion of State. Owing to a decided decrease in its leading mineral product, quick- silver, Santa Clara County reported a mineral output for 1913 of $311,383, as compared with the 1912 figure of $557,585. This county, lying largely in the Coast Range of mountains, contains a wide variety of mineral substances, including clay, limestone, magnesite, manganese, mineral water, petroleum, quicksilver, soapstone, and the stone industry. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODI'CTIOX. 97 Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick Lime Limestone Magnesite Mineral water __ Natural gas Petroleum Quicksilver srone industry* Total 18,000 M iai07 bbls. 3,549 tons 70 tons 101,000 gals. 2,000 M 20,000 bbls. 3,709 flasks $95,000 00 9,783 00 4,200 00 560 00 10,750 00 500 00 12,000 00 149,213 00 29,377 00 $311,383 00 *See page 42. Santa Cruz. Area: 435 square miles. Population: 26,140 (1910 census). Location: Bordering Pacific Ocean, just south of San Mateo County. The mineral output of Santa Cruz County, a portion of which is itemized below, amounted to a total value of $1,816,805, giving the county a standing of eighteenth among all others in the State in this regard. Among the mineral resources known here are bituminous rock, cement, coal, graphite, gold, lime, limestone, petroleum, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Bituminous rock 26,932 tons Lime j 75,000 bbls. Limestone j 39,494 tons Stone industry* ' Other minerals Total $67,330 00 60,000 00 30,994 00 10,511 00 1,647,970 00 $1,816,805 00 *See page 42. Shasta. Beference: State Mineralogist Report XI. Area: 3,858 square miles. Population: 18,920 (1910 census). Location: North central portion of State. Shasta County stands fourth in California among the mineral pro- i ducing counties with an output valued at $6,212,344 for 1913, as compared with the 1912 production, worth $5,825,819. Not taking petroleum into account, Shasta leads all the counties by a wide margin. 98 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA, This county is first in copper production, first in silver, first in pyrite, third in lead, sixth in gold. The Shasta copper belt is the most im- portant deposit of this metal on the Pacific coast, and the present production would be practically doubled were it not for the conflict between the agricultural interests and the smelters regarding the alleged damage done to crops by the smelter fumes. Some of the smelters have been closed by injunction and others have been forced to curtail their output in the effort to render their gaseous waste innocuous. Shasta's leading mineral resources are asbestos, barytes, brick, chrome, copper, iron, gold, lead, lime, limestone, mineral water, pyrite, silver, stone industry, and zinc. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Asbestos Brick Chromite Copper Gold Lead Lime Limestone Mineral water Pyrite Silver Other minerals Total 47 tons 360 M 280 tons 27,688,436 lbs. 19,070 lbs. 8,595 bbls. 41,346 tons 30,000 gals. 72,971 tons Value $1,175 00 4,330 00 2,800 00 4,291,708 00 1,208,870 00 839 00 7,030 00 35,616 00 6,850 00 194.409 00 448,031 00 10,686 00 $6,212,344 00 Sierra. Reference: State Mineralogist Keport VI. Area: 923 square miles. Population: 4,098 (1910 census). Location: Eastern border of State, just north of Nevada County. Sierra County made a notable increase in her mineral production dur- ing 1913 with a value of $1,010,976, as compared with the 1912 output worth $736,423. Of the twenty-one counties in the State during 1913 which reported a mineral production in excess of $1,000,000 Sierra ranks last. Considering gold output alone this county stands eighth. Aside from the metals itemized below Sierra County contains deposits of asbestos, chromite, iron, platinum minerals, serpentine and talc. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PEODUCTION. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : 99 Substance Amount Value Gold . - $1,006,573 00 Lead . . _ _ _ 2,228 lbs. 98 00 Silver _ _ . _ _ . 4,305 00 1 Total . . $1,010,976 00 Siskiyou. Area: 6,256 square miles. Population: 18,800 (1910 census). Location: Extreme north central portion of State, next Oregon boundary. Siskiyou, fifth county in California in regard to size, located in a highly mineralized and mountainous country, ranks thirty-first in regard to the value of its mineral output for 1913. Although the county is traversed by a railroad in a north and south line, the mineral bearing sections are almost without exception far from transportation and other facilities. A large part of the county is accessible by trail alone. Future development and exploitation will doubtless increase the pro- ductiveness of this part of the State to a great degree. Among Siskiyou's mineral resources are, chromite, clay, coal, copper, gems, gold, limestone, marble, mineral water, pumice stone, quicksilver, sandstone, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Gems Goldt Mineral water _. Pumice stone __- Silvert Stone industry* Other minerals . Total 700,000 gals. 90 tons $250 00 180,125 00 120,000 00 2,000 00 1,228 00 4,883 00 1,500 00 $309,986 00 *See page 42. tProduction from dredging operations included in the Stanislaus total. Solano, At^ea: 822 square miles. Population: 27,559 (1910 census). Location: Touching San Francisco Bay on the northeast. Solano while mostly valley land, produced mineral substances during the year 1913 to the total value of $1,839,721, ranking seventeenth among 100 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. the counties of the State. Among her mineral resources are bituminous rock, brick, cement, clay, fuller's earth, limestone, mineral water, nat- ural gas, onyx, petroleum, quicksilver, salt, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Mineral water _ . 23,600 gals. 6,319 M $3,440 00 Natural gas 7,366 00 Stone industry* 28,915 00 Other minerals 1,800,000 00 Total _- $1,839,721 00 *See page 42. Sonoma. Area: 1,577 square miles. Population: 48,394 (1910 census). Location: South of Mendocino County, bordering on Pacific Ocean. Sonoma ranked thirty-fifth among the counties of California during the year 1913 with a mineral production valued at $239,037, as compared Math its 1912 output worth $346,306. More paving blocks are manufac- tured here than in anj'- other section of the State. Among Sonoma's mineral resources are brick, chromite, clay, copper, graphite, magnesite, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, quicksilver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Infusorial earth Mineral water _ _ 50 tons 96,240 gals. 12 flasks $208 00 46,910 00 Quicksilver _ _ 483 00 Stone industry* 191,436 00 Total - $239,037 00 *See page 42. Stanislaus. Area: 1,450 square miles. Population: 35,000 (estimate by the county board of supervisors, 1913). Location: Center of State, bounded on south by Merced County. Gold is the chief mineral product of Stanislaus County, although de- posits of clay, gypsum, iron, manganese, mineral paint, quicksilver and silver are found here to some extent as well. This county ranks thirty- third in the State in regard to value of mineral output. STATISTICS OF AXXUAL PRODUCTION". Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : 101 Substance Amount Value Brick - _ - . 300 M $2,400 00 253,166 00 Gold Mineral paint ._ 255 tons 1,530 00 Silver 671 00 Stone industry* 14,482 00 Total $272,249 00 ♦See page 42. Sutter. Area: 608 square miles. Poptdation: 6,328 (1910 census). Location: Bounded by Butte County on the north and Sacramento on the south. Sutter shares with Yolo County the distinction of being the only sec- tion of the State which had no commercial output of some kind of min- eral substance during 1913. Both clay and coal exist here, but deposits of neither mineral have been placed on a productive basis. Tehama. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XI. Area: 2,893 square miles. Population: 11,401 (1910 census). Location: North central portion of the State, bounded on the north by Shasta. Tehama stands fifty-third among the fifty-six mineral producing coun- *i'^s of the State. Its mineral output during 1913 was valued at $2,442 as compared with the 1912 production worth $1,300. Mt. Lassen is lo- cated within the boundaries of this county. Among its mineral resources are listed, brick, chromite, copper, gold, marble, mineral water, salt, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick _ 300 M 75 gals. $1,800 00 Mineral water _ . ... . . 42 00 Stone industry* . . 600 00 Total $2,442 00 ♦See page 42. 102 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Trinity. Reference: State Mineralogist Report X, Area: 3,166 square miles. Population: 3,301 (1910 census). Location: Northwestern portion of State. Trinity, like Siskiyou County, requires transportation facilities to further the development of its many and varied mineral resources. De- posits of asbestos, barytes, chromite, copper, gold, platinum, quicksilver, and building stone are known here, but with the exception of gold, very little active production of these mineral substances is possible. Commercial output for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Gold . -_ . - $431,862 00 161 00 Quicksilver . _ .._ -.. _ _ 4 flasks Silver 2,119 00 Stone industry* . 1,000 00 Total $435,142 00 *See page 42. Tulare. Reference: State IMineralogist Report VIII. Area: 4,856 square miles. Population: 35,440 (1910 census). Location: Bounded by Inyo on the east. Kern on the south, Fresno on the north. Tulare stands forty-second on the list of mineral producing counties. Her mineral resources, among others, are brick, clay, copper, feldspar, graphite, gems, infusorial earth, magnesite, marble, natural gas, glass sand, soapstone, stone industry, zinc. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick Feldspar Gems Magnesite Marble Quartz Stone industry* Total 6,000 M 1,429 tons 7,858 tons 392 cu.ft. 80 tons $45,000 00 5,050 00 1,500 00 62,864 00 796 00 200 00 4,350 00 $119,760 00 *See page 42. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PEODUCTION. 103 Tuolumne. Reference: State Mineralogist Report VI. Area: 2,190 square miles. Population: 9,979 (1910 census). Location: East central portion of State — Mother Lode district. Tuohimne ranks nineteenth among the counties of the State relative to its total value of mineral output. As a producer of marble its standing is first. Chromite, clay, copper, gold, limestone, marble, mineral paint, plat- inum, soapstone, silver, and the stone industry are the leading mineral resources. Commercial production for 1913 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Copper _ . __ 893 lbs. $138 00 Gold 974,409 00 Lead . __ _____ __ __ 1,206 lbs. 75,000 bbls. 12,446 tons 37,312 cu.ft. 53 00 Lime __ _ . 85,000 00 Limestone _ _. _____ ._ 20,676 00 Marble _ _ . __. 93,726 00 Silver . _ _ . 24,381 00 Total $1,198,383 00 Ventura. Reference: State Mineralogist Report VIII. Area: 1,878 square miles. Population: 18,347 (1910 census). Location: Southwe.stern portion of State, bordering on Pacific Ocean. Ventura is the twenty-second county in the State in respect to the value of its mineral production for 1913, the exact figure being $924,972, as compared with the output for 1912 worth $595,399. The best grade of petroleum produced in the State is found here. Among its other mineral resources are asphalt, borax, brick, clay, min- eral water, natural gas, sandstone. Commercial production for 1913 Avas as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 1,023 M 3.000 tons 62,200 M 899,007 bbls. 300 cu.ft. $6,085 00 2 990 00 Clay Natural gas 6 220 00 Petroleum Sandstone Other minerals . _ 907,997 00 150 00 1,530 00 Total $924,972 00 104 MINEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFOENIA. Yolo. Area: 1,014 square miles. Population: 13,926 (1910 census). Location: Sacramento Valley, bounded by Sutter on the east and Colusa on the north. No commercial production of mineral substances. One of the two counties in California which did not report a mineral production dur- ing 1913. Deposits, of undetermined value, of iron, quicksilver and sandstone have been discovered within the confines of this county. Yuba. Area: 639 square miles. Population: 10,042 (1910 census). Location: Lies west of Sierra and Nevada counties; .south of Plumas. Yuba is eleventh of the fiftj^-six mineral producing counties of Cali- fornia and is fourth in regard to gold output. Quicksilver and iron de- posits have been located in this county aside from the following cojn- mercial production as reported for the year 1913 : Substance Value Gold I $2,491,505 00 Silver I 7,571 00 Stone industry* 8,063 00 Total \ $2,507,139 00 *See page 42. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 105 CHAPTER VIII. MINING LAWS. The fundamental Federal and State statutes governing mining, the California mine bell signals and forms of location notices are given herewith. FEDERAL STATUTES. Title XXXII, Chapter 6, Revised Statutes, Sec. 2319. All valuable mineral deposits in lands belonging to the United States, both surveyed and unsurveyed, are hereby declared to be free and open to exploration and purchase, and the lands in which they are found to occupation and purchase, by citizens of the United States and those who have declared their intention to become such, under regulations prescribed by law, and according to the local customs or rules of miners in the several mining districts, so far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United States. Sec. 2320. Mining claims upon veins or lodes of quartz or other rock in place bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable deposits, heretofore located, shall be governed as to length along the vein or lode by the customs, regula- tions, and laws in force at the date of their location. A mining claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, whether located by one or more persons, may equal, but shall not exceed, one thousand five hundred feet in length along the vein or lode ; but no location of a mining claim shall be made until the discovery of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim shall extend more than three hundred feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, nor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to less than twenty-five feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, except where adverse rights existing on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, render such limitation necessary. The end lines of each claim shall be parallel to each other. Sec. 2321. Proof of citizenship, under this chapter, may consist in the case of an individual, of his own affidavit thereof ; in the case of an association of persons un- incorporated, of the aflidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge, or upon information Tnd belief ; and in the case of a corporation organized under the laws of the Un'*^*-') ."^jiites, or of any state or territory thereof, by the filing of a cer- tified copy o£ meir charter or certificate of incorporation. This is supplemented by an act of April 26, 1882, which provides : "That applicants for mineral patents, if residing beyond the limits of the district wherein the claim is situated, may make any oath or affidavit required for proof of citizenship before the clerk of any court of record, or before any notary public of any state or territory." (22 Stats, at Large, p. 49, chap. 106.) Sec. 2322. The locators of all mining locations heretofore made or which shall hereafter be made, on any mineral vein, lode, or ledge, situated on the public domain, their heirs and assigns, where no adverse claims exist on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, so long as they comply with the laws of the United States, and with state, territorial and local regulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States governing their possessory title, shall have the exclusive right of possession and enjoyment of all the surface included within the lines of their loca- tions, and of all veins, lodes and ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course downward as to extend outside the vertical side lines of such surface locations. But their right of possession to such outside parts of such veins or ledges shall bo confined 306 :\[IXERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFOEXIA. to such portions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward as above described through the end lines of their locations, so continued in their own direction that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or ledges. And noth- ing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a vein, or lode which extends in its downward course beyond the vertical lines of his claim, to enter upon the surface of a claim owned or possessed by another. Sec. 2323. Where a tunnel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, the owners of such tunnel shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within three thousand feet from the face of such tunnel on the line thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface and locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the commence- ment of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable diligence, shall be invalid, but failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandonment of the right to all undiscovered veins on the line of such tunnel. Sec. 2324. The miners of each mining district may make regulations not in con- flict with the laws of the United States, or with the laws of the state or territory in which the district is situated, governing the location, manner of recording, amount of work necessary to hold possession of a mining claim, subject to the following re- quirements : The location must be distinctly marked on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location, and such a de- scription of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or per- manent monument as will identify the claim. On each claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be perfomied or im- provements made during each year. Be it enacted iy the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, that section two thousand, three hundred and twenty- four of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby, amended so that where a person or company has or may run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall be taken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to or since the passage of said act ; and such person or company shall not be required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes in order to hold the same as re- quired by said act. (IS Stats, at Large, page 315, chap. 41.) An amendment of January 22, 1880, reads : "Provided, that the period within which the work required to be done annually on all unpatented mineral claims shall commence on the first day of January succeed- ing the date of location of such claim, and this section shall apply to all claims located since the tenth day of May, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- two." (21 Stats, at Large, page 61, chap. 9.) The federal law fixes the minimum of labor requirements. State and local laws may require additional work as part of the act of location. This has been sustained by Supreme Court decisions. Section 2325 of the federal statutes provides that after $500 has been expended on a mining claim in work or improvements, a patent can be applied for upon the claim in work or improvements, a patent can be applied for upon the claim being surveyed by a United States mineral surveyor, and by the payment of .$5 per acre for the land to the United States government. Sec. 2329. Claims usually called "placers" including all forms of deposit, ex- cepting veins of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to enti-y and patent, under like circumstances and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, as are pro- vided for vein or lode claims ; but where the lands have been previously surveyed by the United States, the entry in its exterior limits shall conform to the legal subdivi- sions of public lands. The following can be located as placer : Stone, oil, salt springs, granite quarries, marble. STATISTICS OF AXNUAL PEODUCTION. 107 (Act of August 4, 1892, ch. 375, 27 Stat. L. 348.) Entry of building stone lands under placer laws. Section 1. Any person authorized to enter lands under the mining laws of the United States may enter lands that are chiefly valuable for building stone under the provisions of the law in relation to placer mineral claims ; provided, that lands reserved for the benefit of the public schools or donated to any state shall not be sub- ject to entry under this act. (27 Stat. L. 348.) (Act of January 31, 1901, ch. 186, 31 Stat. L. 745.) Entry of saline lards under placer laws. All unoccupied public lands of the United States containing salt springs, or deposits of salt in any form, and chiefly valuable therefor, are hereby declared to be subject to location and purchase under the provisions of the law relating to placer mining claims ; provided, that the same person shall not locate or enter more than one claim hereunder. (31 Stat. L. 745.) Sec. 2330. Legal subdivisions of forty acres may be subdivided into ten-acre tracts, and two or more persons, or associations of persons, having contiguous claims of any size, although such claims may be less than ten acres each, may make joint entry thereof ; but no location of a placer claim, made after the ninth day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy, shall exceed one hundred and sixty acres for any one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to the United States surveys ; and nothing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide preemption or homestead claim upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of the improvements of any bona fide settler to any purchaser. Sec. 2331. Where placer claims are upon surveyed lands, and conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall be required, and all placer mining claims located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practicable with the United States system of public lands survej'S, and the rectangular subdivisions of such surveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant ; but where placer claims can not be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands ; and where by the segregation of mineral land in any legal subdivision a quan- tity of agricultural land less than forty acres remains, such fractional portion of agricultural land may be entered by any party qualified by law, for homestead or preemption purposes. Placer boundaries. Sec. 2333. Where the same person, association, or corporation is in possession of a placer claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such case a patent shall issue for the placer claim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including such vein or lode upon the pay- ment of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of sur- face on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer claim, or any placer claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shall be paid for at the rate of tw-o dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceedings ; and where a vein or lode, such as is described in section twenty-three hundred and twenty, is known to exist within the boundaries of a placer claim, an application for a patent for such placer claim which does not include an application for the vein or lode claim shall be con- strued as a conclusive declaration that the claimant of the placer claim has no inght of possession of the vein or lode claim ; but where the existence of a vein or lode in a placer claim is not known, a patent for the placer claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other deposits within the boundaries thereof. 108 MTXREAL IXDUSTEY OF CALTFOKXIA. OIL AND GAS CLAIMS. These are located as placer claims. See sections 2329 to 2333, U. S. statutes. An act authorizing entry of petroleum or other mineral oil lands under placer claim laws. Any person authorized to enter lands under the mining laws of the United States may enter and obtain patents to lands containing petroleum or other mineral oils, and chiefly valuable therefor, under the provisions of the laws relating to placer mineral claims ; provided, that lands containing such petroleum or other mineral oils which have heretofore been filed upon, claimed, or improved as mineral, but not yet patented, may be held and patented under the provisions of this act the same as if such filing, claim or improvement were subsequent to the date of the passage hereof. (29 Stat. L. 526.) Approved Feb. 11, 1S97. An act defining what shall constitute assessments on oil mining claims. (Act of February 12, 1903, ch. 548, 32 Stat. L. 825.) Where oil lands are located under the provisions of title thirty-two, chapter six. Revised Statutes of the United States, as placer mining claims, the annual assess- ment labor upon such claims may be done upon any one of a group of claims lying contiguous and owned by the same person or corporation, not exceeding five claims in all ; provided, that said labor will tend to the development or to determine the oil- bearing character of such contiguous claims. THE "PICKETT BILL." An act to authorize the President of the United States to make withdrawals of public lands in certain cases. This provides also : Sec. 2. All lands withdrawn under the provisions of this act shall at all times be open to exploration, discovery, occupation, and purchase, under the mining laws of the United States, so far as the same apply to minerals other than coal, oil, gas, and phosphates. MINING CLAIMS IN FOREST RESERVES. The congressional act of June 4, 1897, provides : "It is not the purpose or intent of these provisions, or of the act providing for such reservations, to authorize the inclusion therein of lands more valuable for the mineral therein, or for agricultural purposes, than for forest purposes." * H: 4: "Nor shall anything herein prohibit any person from entering upon such forest reservations for all proper and lawful purposes, including that of prospecting, locat- ing and developing the mineral resources thereof ; provided, that such persons complj' with the rules and regulations covering such forest reservations." * * * "And any mineral lands in any forest reservation which have been or may be shown to be such and subject to entry under the existing mining laws of the United States and the rules and regulations applying thereto, shall continue to be subject to such location and entry notwithstanding any provisions herein contained." Under these statutes it is now held by the land department that the forest reserves are open to the location of mining claims. There can be no doubt of the meaning of congress upon this subject : That lands within the forest reserves are subject to the operation of the mining laws. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. An act to create the California Debris Commission and regulate hydraulic mining in the State of California. Be it enacted hij the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That a commission is hereby created, to be known as the California Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The president of STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 109 the commission from officers of tlie corps of engineers, United States army. Vacancies occurring therein shall be filled in like manner. It shall have the authority, and exercise the powers hereinafter set forth, under the supervision of the chief of engi- neers and dii'ection of the secretary of war. Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirty days after its appoint- ment by the selection of such officers as may be required in the performance of its duties, the same to be selected from the members thereof. The members of said com- mission shall receive no greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each, respectively, as an officer of said corps of engineers. It shall also adopt rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, to govern its deliberations and prescribe the method of procedure under the provisions of this act. Sec. 3. That the jurisdiction of said commission, in so far as the same affects mining carried on by the hydraulic process shall extend to all such mining in the territory drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems in the State of California. Hydraulic mining, as defined in section eight hereof, directly or indirectly injuring the navigability of said river systems, carried on in said territory other than as permitted under the provisions of this act is hereby prohibited and declared un- lawful. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of said commission to mature and adopt such plan or plans, from examinations and surveys already made and from such additional examinations and surveys as it may deem necessary, as will improve the navigability of all the rivers comprising said systems, deepen their channels, and protect their banks. Such plan or plans shall be matured with a view of making the same effective as against the encroachment of and damage from debris resulting from mining opera- tions, natural erosion, or other causes, with a view of restoring, as near as practicable and the necessities of commerce and navigation demand, the navigability of said rivers to the condition existing in eighteen hundred and sixty, and permitting mining by the hydraulic process, as the term is understood in said state, to be carried on, provided the same can be accomplished without injury to the navigability of said rivers or the lands adjacent thereto. Sec. 5. That it shall further examine, survey, and determine the utility and practicability, for the purposes hereinafter indicated, of storage sites in the tributaries of said rivers and in the respective branches of said tributaries, or in the plains, basins, sloughs, and tule and swamp lands adjacent to or along the course of said rivers, for the storage of debris or water or as settling reservoirs, with the object of using the same by either or all of these methods to aid in the improvement and protection of said navigable rivers by preventing deposits therein of debris result- ing from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, or for affording relief thereto in flood time and providing sufficient water to maintain scouring force therein in the summer season ; and in connection therewith to investigate such hydraulic and other mines as are now or may have been worked by methods intended to restrain the debris and material moved in operating such mines by impounding dams, settling reservoirs, or otherwise, and in general to make such study of and researches in the hydraulic mining industry as science, experience and engineering skill may suggest as practicable and useful in devising a method or methods whereby such mining may be carried on as aforesaid. Sec. G. That the said commission shall from time to time note the conditions of the navigable channels of said river systems, by cross-section surveys or otherwise, in order to ascertain the effect therein of such hydraulic mining operations as may be permitted by its orders and such as is caused by erosion, natural or otherwise. Sec. 7. That said commission shall submit to the chief of engineers for the in- formation of the secretary of war, on or before the fifteenth day of November of each year a report of its labors and transactions, with plans for the construction, com- pletion, and preservation of the public works outlined in this act, together with estimates of the cost thereof, stating what amounts can be profitably expended thereon each year. The secretary of war shall thereupon submit same to congress on or before the meeting thereof. 110 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Sec. 8. That for the purpose of this act "hydraulic mining" and "mining by the hydraulic process," are hereby declared to have the meaning and application given to said terms in said state. Sec. 9. That the individual proprietor or proprietors, or in case of a corporation its manager or agent appointed for that purpose, owning mining ground in the terri- tory in the State of California mentioned in section three hereof, which it is desired to work by the hydraulic process, must file with said commission a verified petition, setting forth such facts as will comply with law and the rules prescribed by said commission. Sec. 10. That said petition shall be accompanied by an instrument duly executed and acknowledged, as required by the law of the said state, whereby the owner or owners of such mine or mines surrender to the United States the right and privilege to regulate by law, as provided in this act, or any law that may hereafter be enacted, or by such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by virtue thereof the manner and method in which the debris resulting from the working of said mine or mines shall be restrained, and what amount shall be produced therefrom ; it being under- stood that the surrender aforesaid shall not be construed as in any way affecting the right of such owner or owners to operate said mine or mines by any other process or method now in use in said state ; provided, that they shall not interfere with the navigability of the aforesaid rivers. Sec. 11. That the owners of several mining claims situated so as to require a common dumping ground or dam or other restraining works for the debris issuing therefrom in one or more sites may file a joint petition setting forth such facts in addition to the requirements of section nine hereof; and where the owner of a hydraulic mine or owners of several such mines have and use common dumping sites for impounding d<5bris or as settling reservoirs which sites are located below the mine of an applicant not entitled to use same, such fact shall also be stated in said petition. Thereupon the same proceedings shall be had as provided for herein. Sec. 12. A notice specifying briefly the contents of said petition and fixing a time previous to which all proofs are to be submitted shall be published by said com- mission in some newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in the communities interested in the matter set forth therein. If published in a daily paper such publi- cation shall continue for at least ten days ; if in a weekly paper in at least three issues of the same. Pending publication thereof said commission, or a committee thereof, shall examine the mine and premises described in such petition. On or before the time so fixed all parties interested, either as petitioners or contestants, whether miners or agriculturists, may file afiidavits, plans, and maps in support of their respective claims. Further hearings, upon notice to all parties of record, may be granted by the commission when necessary. Sec. 13. That in case a majority of the members of said commission, within thirty days after the time so fixed, concur in a decision in favor of the petitioner or petitioners, the said commission shall thereupon make an order directing the methods and specifying in detail the manner in which operations shall proceed in such mine or mines ; what restraining or impounding works, if facilities therefor can be found, shall be built, and maintained ; how and of what material ; where to be located ; and in general set forth such further requirements and safeguards as will protect the public interests and prevent injury to the said navigable rivers, and the lands adjacent thereto, with such further conditions and limitations as will observe all the pro- visions of this act in relation to the working thereof and the payment of taxes on the gross proceeds of the same ; provided, that all expense incurred in complying with said order shall be borne by the owner or owners of such mine or mines. Sec. 14. That such petitioner or petitioners must within a reasonable time pre- sent plans and specifications of all works required to be built in pursuance of said order for examination, correction, and approval by said commission ; and thereupon work may immediately commence thereon under the supervision of said commission or representative thereof attached thereto from said corps of engineers, who shall inspect same from time to time. Upon completion thereof, if found in every respect to meet the requirements of the said order and said approved plans and specifications, STATISTICS OF AXNTAL PROUrCTION'. Ill permission shall thereupou be granted to the ownei* or owners of such mine or mines to commence mining operations, subject to the conditions of said order and the pro- visions of this act. Sec. 15. That no permission granted to a mine owner or owners under this act shall take effect, so far as regards the working of a mine, until all impounding dams or other restraining works, if any are iireserihcd by the order granting such per- mission, have been completed and until the impounding dams or other restraining works or settling reservoirs provided by said commission have reached such a stage as in the opinion of said commission, it is safe to use the same; provided, hoircver. that if said commission shall be of the opinion that the restraining and other works already constructed at the mine or mines shall be sufficient to protect the navigable rivers of said systems and the work of said commission, then the owner or owners of such mine or mines may be permitted to commence operations. Sec. 16. That in case the joint petition referred to in section eleven hereof is granted, the commission shall fix the respective amounts to be paid by each owner of such mines toward providing and building necessary impounding dams or other restraining works. In the event of a petition being filed after the entry of such order, or in case the impounding dam or dams or other restraining works have already been constructed and accepted by said commission, the commission shall fix such amount as may be reasonable for the privilege of dumping therein, which amount shall be divided between the original owners of such impounding dams or other restraining works in proportion to the amount respectively paid by each party own- ing same. The expense of maintaining and protecting such joint dam or works shall be divided among mine owners using the same iu such proportion as the commission shall determine. In all cases where it is practicable, restraining and impounding works are to be provided, constructed and maintained by mine owners near or below the mine or mines before reaching the main tributaries of said navigable waters. Sec. 17. That at no time shall any more debris be permitted to be washed away from any hydraulic mine or mines situated on the tributaries of said rivers and the respective branches of each, worked under the provisions of this act, than can be impounded within the restraining works erected. Sec. 18. That the said commission may at any time when the condition of the navigable rivers or when the capacities of all impounding and settling facilities erected by mine owners or such as may be provided by government authority require same, modify the order granting the privilege to mine by the hydraulic mining process so as to reduce amount thereof to meet the capacities of the facilities then in use, or, if actually required in order to protect the navigable rivers from damage, may revoke same until the further notice of the commission. Sec. 19. That an intentional violation on the part of a mine owner or owners, company, or corporation, or the agents or the employees of either, of the conditions of the order granted pursuant to section thirteen, or such modifications thereof as may have been made by said commission, shall work a forfeiture of the privileges thereby conferred, and upon notice being served by the order of said commission upon such owner or owners, company or corporation, or agent in charge, work shall immediately cease. Said commission shall take necessary steps to enforce its orders in case of the failure, neglect, or refusal of such owner or owners, company or corpor- ation, or agents thereof, to comply therewith, or in the event of any person or per- sons, company or corporation working by said process in said territory contrarj- to law. Sec. 20. That said commission, or a committee therefrom or office of said corps assigned to duty under its orders, shall, whenever deemed necessary, visit said terri- tory and all mines operating under the provisions of this act. A report of such examination shall be placed on file. Sec. 21. That the said commission is hereby granted the right to use any of the public lands of the United States, or any rock, stone, timber, trees, brush, or material thereon or therein, for any of the purposes of this act : and the secretary of the interior is hereby authorized and requested, after notice has been filed with the com- missioner of the general land office by said commission, setting forth what public S— 12524 ]12 MINERAL IXDUSTKY OF CALIFORNIA. lands are required by it under the authority of this section, that such land or lands shall be withdrawn from sale and entry under the laws of the United States. Sec. 22. That any person or persons who wilfully or maliciously injure, damage, or destroy, or attempt to injure, damage or destroy, any dam or other work erected under the provisions of this act for restraining, impounding, or settling purposes, or for use in connection therewith, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con- viction thereof shall be fined not to exceed the sum of five thousand dollars or be imprisoned not to exceed five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. And any person or persons, company or corporation, their agents or employees, who shall mine by the hydraulic process directly or indirectly injuring the navigable waters of the United States, in violation of the provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceed- ing one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court ; provided, that this section shall take effect on the first day of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-three. Sec. 23. That upon the construction by the said commission of dams or other works for the detention of debris from hydraulic mines and the issuing of the or(.lcr provided for by this act to any individual, company, or corporation to work any mine or mines by hydraulic process, the individual, company, or corporation oper- ating thereunder woi'king any mine or mines by hydraulic process, the debris from which flows into or is in whole or in part restrained by such dams or other works erected by said commission, shall pay a tax of thi'ee per centum on the gro.ss proceeds of his, their, or its mine so worked ; which tax of three per centum shall be ascer- tained and paid in accordance with regulations to be adopted by the secretary of the treasury, and the treasurer of the United States is hereby authorized to receive the same. All sums of money paid into the treasury under this section shall be set apart and credited to a fund to be known as the "Debris Fund," and shall be expended by said commission under the supervision of tiie chief of engineers and direction of the secretary of war. in addition to the appropriations made by law in the construction and maintenance of such restraining works and settling reservoirs as may be proper and necessary ; provided, that said commission is hereby authorized to receive and pay into the ti-easury from the owner or owners of mines worked by the hydi'aulic process, to whom permission may have been granted so to work under the provisions thereof, such money advances as may be offered to aid in the construction of such impounding dams or other restraining works, or settling reser- voirs, or sites therefor, as may be deemed necessary by said commission to protect the navigable channels of said river systems, on condition that all moneys so advanced shall be refunded as the said tax is paid into the said debris fund ; and provided, further, that in no event shall the government of the United States be held liable to refund same except as directed by this section. Sec. 24. That for the purpose of securing harmony of action and economy of expenditures in the work to be done by the United States and the State of California, respectively, the former in its plans for the improvement and protection of the navigable streams and to prevent the depositing of mining debris or other materials within the same, and the latter in its plans authorized by law for the reclamation, drainage, and protection of its lands, or relating to the working of hydraulic mines, the said commission is empowered to consult thereon with a commission of engineers of said state, if authorized by said state for said pui'pose, the result of such confer- ence to be reported to the chief of engineers of the United States army, and if by ^ him approved shall be followed by said commission. Sec. 25. That said commission, in order that such material as is now or maj hereafter be lodged in the tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivei systems resulting from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, shall bd prevented from injuring the said navigable rivers or such of the tributaries of eithei as may be navigable and the land adjacent thereto, is hereby directed and empowere*ll when appropriations are made therefor by law, or sufficient money is deposited fo| STATISTICS OF ANNUAL TRODUCTION. 113 that purpose in said debris fund, to build at such points above the head of navigation in said rivers and on tlie main tributaries thereof, or branches of such tributaries, or at any place adjacent to the same, which in the judgment of said commission will effect said object (the same to be of such material as will insure safety and permanency), such restraining or impounding dams and settling reservoirs, with such canals, locks, or other works adapted and required to complete same. The recommendations contained in executive document numbered two hundred and sixty- seven, fifty-first congress, second session, and executive document numbered ninety- eight, forty-seventh congress, first session, as far as they refer to impounding dams, or other restraining works are hereby adopted, and the same are directed to be made the basis of operations. The sum of fifteen thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, from moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be immediately available to defray the expenses of said commission. Aijproved March 1, 1S93. INSTRUCTIONS TO OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HYDRAULIC MINES IN CALIFORNIA. .January 1. 1906. 1. The California Debris Commission is composed of three officers of the corps of engineers. United States army, who are appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate, under the authority of the act of congress, approved ^Inrch 1, ISO.S. The commission is charged by this act with the enforcement of its provisions, including such regulation and control of hydraulic mining in the drainage areas of the Sacramento and San .Toaquin rivers of the State of California as is necessary to cause the tailings from such mining to be so impounded in the vicinity of the mine as to prevent injury to the navigable rivers and adjacent lands. The owners and operators of such mines are required by this law to comply strictly with such requirements of the commission as may be deemed necessary to effect this purpose. An extreme penalty of $5,000 fine and one year's imprisonment is provided for violation of the act. 2. Hydraulic mining embraces all mining operations where water is used under pressure through a nozzle against any bank of earth, gravel, or other similar material, thus eroding the bank. It is forbidden by law except under the supervision of the commission. 3. The law requires that in all cases a license or written permission must be obtained from the commission before hydraulic mining in the regions mentioned can be legally carried on. 4. Licenses or permission to mine by the hydraulic process are revocable by the commission, and will not be given unless the I'equirements of the commission are complied with as to sufficiency of suitable restraining barriers or dams. Licenses, when granted, will be suspended or revoked for failure to properly maintain such barriers or dams or for failure to make the reports and furnish information asked for by the commission. 5. Licenses are obtained by making application to the California Debris Com- mission. San Francisco. Cal.. on the special blank form issued by the commission, copies of which will be sent on request, free of cost. 6. Licenses are not transferable and are valid only for the operations of the individual or company, and for the special mine named in the license. 7. By the terms of the law an application for a license must be advertised by the commission in the newspapers to allow any protests to be filed with the com- mission. This advertising usually takes about three weeks. S. As soon as practicable after advertising an application, the sites proposed by the applicants for the restraining works are visited, and if found satisfactoi'y, authority to construct the dams or barriers is given with the commission's specifi- cations and instructions for the work. Any dam built before such authorization is built wholly at the builder's risk, and may not be accepted by the commission. Any variation in location or character of work from that specified by the commission may also cause rejection of the dam. 114 MIN^ERAL TXDUSTRY OF CALIFOEXIA. 9. When such authorized dams are completed, th? commission should he promptly notified so that an inspection may be made as soon as practicable thereafter. If found satisfactory, a revocable license to mine will be issued. Until the license is issued it is illegal to mine. 10. When mining has been begun under a license, a report every mouth must be submitted on one of the blank forms furnished for this purpose liy the commission upon request. If no mining is carried on for any month, the small form is to be used, othervpise, the large form must be forwarded. All blank spaces should be carefully and accurately filled. 11. In case of any accident to a i-estraiuing dam affecting its efficiency, raining must immediately cease and the commission must be promptly notified. 12. When a dam becomes full of debris, raining must cease until more impounding capacity is provided either by raising the dam or by the construction of new dams. The permission of the commission must be obtained to raise dams, and the work when completed must be inspected and approved by the commission before mining may be resumed. 13. Dams must be kept water tight and a pool at least three feet deep must be maintained as a settling basin above each dam while mining is in progress. Leaks must be promptly checked. 14. Names of mines must not be changed without due notice to the commission. 15. No charges or fees of any kind are required or allowed, all expenses of inspection being borne by the United States. 16. The mine owners are usually expected to meet the inspector at the nearest railway or stage station and take him to the mine and back. As many regions where mines are located are inaccessible in winter time, applications for licenses and inspec- tions should be submitted as early in the season as practicable. Delay in attending to this promptly may occasion the loss of considerable time if not an entire season. 17. To avoid delay due to loss of lettei"s it is suggested that requests be repeated within a reasonable time, if not promptly acknowledged or acted upon. All com- numications should be addressed to the secretary, California Debris Commission, San Francisco, Cal. By direction of the California Debris Commission. L. H. RAND. Major. Corps of Engineers. Secretary. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 115 CALIFORNIA STATUTES. An act to repeal Title XI of Part IV of Division First of the Civil Code and each and every section of said title, and to substitute a new Title XI to take the place thereof in said code, relating to mining corporations. [Approved March 21, 1905.] The prople of the State of California, represented in senate and assemhh/, do enact as follows: Section 1. Title XI and Part IV of Division First of the Civil Code and each and every section of said title are hereby repealed, and a new Title XI is substi- tuted in place thereof in said code, to read as follows: TITLE XI. MINING CORPORATIONS. .Sec. 586. Transfer agencies. 5S7. Stock issued at transfer agencies. 5S7«. Consolidation of mining corporations. 588. Books and balance sheets to be kept by secretary. Stockholders' right to inspect. 589. Right of stockholders to visit mine with expert. 590. Liability of presidents and directors. § 586. Any corporation organized in this state for the purpose of mining or carrying on mining operations in or without this state, may establish and mainiain agencies in other states of the United States, for the transfer and issuing of their stock ; and a transfer or issue of the same at any such transfer agency, in accordance • v.'ith the provisions of its by-laws, is valid and binding as fully and effectually for all purposes as if made upon the books of such corporation at its principal office within this state. The agencies must be governed by the by-laws and the directors of the corjjoration. § 587. All stock of any such corporation, issued at a transfer agency, must be signed by the president and secretary of the corporation, and countersigned at the time of its issue by the agent having charge of the transfer agency. No stock must be issued at a transfer agency unless the certificate of stock, in lieu of which the same is issued, is at the time surrendered for cancellation. § 5S7f/. It is lawful for two or more corporations formed, or that may hereafter be formed, under the laws of this state, for mining purposes, which own or possess mining claims or lands ad.ioining each other, or lying in the same vicinity, to con- solidate their capital stock, debts, property, assets and franchises, in such manner and upon such terms as may be agreed upon by the respective boards of directors or trustees of such corporations so desiring to consolidate their interests ; but no such consolidation must take place without the written consent of the stockholders representing two thirds of the capital stock of each corporation, and no such consoli- dation can. in any way. relieve such corporations, or the stockholders thereof, from any and all just liabilities : and in case of such consolidation, due notice of the same must be given, by advertising, for one month, in at least one newspaper in the county where the said mining property is situated, if there is one published therein, and also in one newspaper published in the county where the principal place of business of any of said corporation is. And when the consolidation is completed, a certificate thereof, containing the manner and terms of such consolidation, must be filed in the office of the county clerk of the county in which the original certificate of incorporation of each of said corporations is filed, and a copy thereof must be filed in the office of the secretary of state ; such certificate must be signed by a ma.iority of each board of trustees or directors of the original corporations, and it is their duty to call, within thirty days after the filing of such certificate, a nieeting of the stockholders of all of said corporations so consolidated, to elect a board of trustees or directors for the consolidated corporation, for the year Ihence next ensuing ; and to cause notice of the time and place fixed for such meeting to be 116 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFOENIA. mailed to each stockholder of each of such corporations at his last known piace of residence or business at least ten days before the time fixed for such meeting. The said certificate must also contain all the requirements prescribed by section two hundred and ninety. § 588. It is the duty of the secretary of every corporation formed for the purpose of mining, or conducting mining in California, whether such corporation be formed and organized under the laws of the State of California or of any other state, teiritory, or foreign country, to keep at some place within the State of California an office and in such office to keep a complete set of books showing all receipts and expenditures of such corporation, the sources of such receipts, and the objects of such expenditures, and also all transfers of stock. All books and papers must, at all times during business hours, be open to the inspection of any stockholder. He is entitled to be accompanied by an expert, and to make copies or extracts from any such books or papers. He may, at reasonable hours, examine such mining property, accompanied by an expert, take samples, and make such other examination as he may deem necessary. It is the duty of the directors, on the second Monday of each and every month, to cause to be made an itemized account or balance sheet for the previous month, embracing a full and complete statement of all disliurse- ments and receipts, showing from what sources such receipts were dei'ived, and to whom and for what object or purpose such disbursements or payments were made ; also all indebtedness or liabilities incurred or existing at the time, and for what the same were incurred, and the balance of money, if any, on hand. Such account or balance sheet must be verified under oath by the president and secretary, and posted in some conspicuous place in the office of the company. It is the duty of the superintendent, on the first Monday of each month, to file with the secretary an itemized account, verified under oath, showing all receipts and disbursements made by him for the previous month, and for what said disbursements were made. Such account must also contain a verified statement showing the number of men employed under him, and for what purpose, and the rate of wages paid to each. He must attach to such account a full and complete report, under oath, of the work done in said mine, the amount of oi'e extracted, from what part of mine taken, the amount sent to mill for reduction, its assay value, the amount of bullion received, the amount of bullion sliipped to the office of the company or elsewhere, and the amount, if any, retained by the superintendent. It is his duty to forward to the office of the compmy a full report, under oath, of all discoveries of ores or mineral- bearing quartz made in said mine, whether by boring, diifting. sinking, or otherwise, together with the assay value thereof. All accounts, reports, and correspondence from the sui>erintendent must be kept in some conspicuous place in the office of , said company, open to the inspection of all stockholders. § 589. Any stockholder of a corporation formed under the laws of this state for^ the purpose of mining, is entitled to visit, accompanied by his expert, and examine ^ the mine or mines owned by such corporation, and every part thereof, at any time he may see fit : and when such stockholder applies to the president of such corpo- ration, he must immediately cause the secretary thereof to issue and deliver to such applicant an order, under the seal of the corporation, directed to the superintendent,] commanding him to show and exhibit such parts of said mine or mines as the partj named in said order may desire to visit and examine. It is the duty of the super-^ intendent. on receiving such order, to furnish such stockholder every facility for making a full and complete inspection of said mine or mines, and of the workings therein, and to accompany said stockholder either in person, or to furnish some person familiar with said mine or mines to accompany him in his visit to anc through such mine or mines, and every part thereof. If the superintendent fails to! obey such order, such stockholder is entitled to recover, in any court of competent jurisdiction, against the corporation, the sum of one thousand dollars, and traveling expenses to and from the mine, as liquidated damages, together with costs of suit. In case of such refusal, it is the duty of the directors of the corporation forthwith to remove the officer so refusing, and thereafter he must not be employed directly or Indirectly by the corporation, nor must any salary be paid to him. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 117 § 590. In case of the refusal or negrlect of the president to cause to he issued by the secretary the order mentioned in section five hundred and eighty-nine, sncli stockholder is entitled to recover against said president the sum of one thousand dollai's and costs, as provided in the last section. If the directors fail to have the reports and accounts current made and posted as provided in section five hundred and eighty-eight, they are liable, either severally or jointly, to an action by any stockholder complaining thereof, and on proof of such refusal or failure, he may recover judgment for actual damages sustained by him, with costs of suit. Each of such defaulting directors is also liable to removal for such neglect. CORPORATION LICENSE TAX LAW. As approved March 20, 1905; amended, approved June 13, 1906; amended, approved March 19, 1907; amended, approved March 20, 1907; amended, approved March 19, 1909; amended, approved April 24, 1911; amended, approved May 30, 1913. Section 1. No corporation heretofore or hereafter incorporated under the laws of this state, or of any other state, shall do or attempt to do business by virtue of its charter or certificate of incorporation, in this state, without a state license there- for. Amended, approved June 13, 1906. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of every corporation incorporated under the laws of this state, and of every foreign corporation now doing business, or which shall hereafter engage in business in this state, to procure annually from the secretary of state a license authorizing the transaction of such business in this state, and shall pay therefor a license tax as follows : When the authorized capital stock of the corporation does not exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) the tax shall be ten dollars ($10.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds ten thousand dollars ($10,000) but does not exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) the tax shall be fifteen dollars ($1.5.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) but does not exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) the tax shall be twenty dollars ($20.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) but does not exceed one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) the tax shall be twenty-five dollars ($25.00) : when the authorized capital stock exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) but does not exceed two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) the tax shall be fifty dollars ($50.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) but does not exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) the tax shall be seventy-five dollars ($75.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds five hundred thousand dollars ($.500,000) but does not exceed two million dollars ($2,000,000) the tax shall be one hundred dollars ($100.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds two million dollars '($2,000,000) but does not exceed five million dollars (.$5,000,000) the tax shall be two hundred dollars ($200.00) ; when the authorized capital stock exceeds five million dollars ($5,000,000) the tax shall be two hundred and fifty dollars ($2.50.00). Said license tax or fee shall be due and payable on the first day of July of each and every year to the secretax'y of state, who shall pay the same into the state treasury. If not paid on or before the hour of four o'clock p. m. of the first day of September next thereafter, the same shall become delinquent and there shall be added thereto, as a penalty for such delinquency, the sum of ten dollars. The license tax or fee hereby provided authorizes the corporation to transact its business during the year or for any fractional part of such year in which such license tax or fee is paid. "Year." within the meaning of this act, means from and including the first day of .July to and including the thirtieth day of June next thereafter. Amended, approved March 19, 1907. Sec. 2a. At the time of filing a certified copy of articles of i)icorporation of any corporation when filed on or between the first day of July and the thirtieth day of September, in any year, there shall be paid, in addition to all other fees required by law to be paid to the secretary of state, the full amount of the license tax provided to be paid in section two of this act ; when filed on or between the first day of October and the thirty-first day of December, in any year, a sum equal 118 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. to three fourths of the license tax provided for in section two of this act shall be paid ; when filed on or between the first day of January and the thirty-first day of March, in any year, a sum equal to one half of such license tax provided for in section two of this act shall be paid, and when filed on or between the first day of April and the thirtieth day of June, in any year, a sum equal to one fourth of such license tax provided for in section two of this act shall be paid. Upon receipt of such full or fractional license tax the secretary of state shall issue a license receipt for the full or for the fractional part of the then current fiscal year. Amended, approved March 19. 1909 (in effect July 1, 1909). Sec. 3. The secretary of state shall, on or before the fifteenth day of September ii\ each year, report to the governor of the state a list of all corporations which have become delinquent, as provided in section two of this act, and the governor shall forthwith issue his proclamation, declaring under this act that the charters of such delinquent domestic coiTDorations will be forfeited and the right of such foreign corporations to do business in this state will be forfeited unless payment of said license tax, together with the penalty for such delinquency, as hereinbefore provided, be made to the secretary of state on or before the hour of four o'clock p. m. of the thirtieth day of November next following. Amended, approved June 13, 1906. Sec. 4. Said proclamation shall be filed immediately in the office of the secretai-j' of state, and said secretary of state shall immediately cause a copy of said procla- mation to be published in one issue of each of two daily newspapers to be selected by the governoi". Amended, approved June 13. 1906. Sec. 5. At the hour of four o'clock p. m. of the thirtieth day of November each year the charters of all delinquent domestic corporations which have failed to pay the said license tax, together with said penalty for such delinquency, shall be forfeited to the State of California, and the right of all delinquent foreign corpora- tions to do business in this state, which hnve failed to pay said license tax, together with the penalty for such delinquency, shall be likewise forfeited. Amended, approved June 13, 1906. Sec. 6. Any corporation which failed to pay the license tax and penalty required by the act, or any amendment thereof, and of which this is amendatory, may pay all the said license taxes and penalties prescribed by section one of said act and the amendments thereto, and the license taxes and penalties that would have ticcrued if such corporation had not forfeited its charter or right to do business and any such corporation making such payment shall be relieved from the forfeiture prescribed by the act of which this act is amendatory, and all persons exercising the powers of any such corporation making such payment shall be relieved fi'om the provisions of section nine of said act of which this act is amendatory, and the secretary of state shall immediately after the first day of December in each year, transmit to the county clerk of each county in this state a list of the corporations so paying pursuant to the provisions of this section, which list shall be by said county clerk filed in his office ; provided, the rehabilitation of a corporation under the provisions of this act shall be without prejudice to any action, defense or right which accrued by reason of the original forfeiture; and provided, that in case the name of any corporation which has suffered the forfeiture prescribed by the act of which this act is amendatory, or a name so closely resembling the name of such corporation as will tend to deceive, has been adopted by any other corporation since the date of said forfeiture then said corporation having suffered said forfeiture shall be relieved therefrom pursuant to the terms of this section of this act only upon the adoption by said corporation seeking revivor of a new^ name, and in such case nothing in this act contained shall be construed as permitting such corporation to be revived or carry on any business under its former name ; and such corporation shall have the right to use its former name or take such new name only upon filing an application therefor with the secretary of state and upon the issuing of a certification to such corporation by the secretary of state setting forth the right of such corporation to take such new name or use its former name as the case may be ; provided, lioioever, that the secretary of state shall not issue any certificate permitting any corporation to take or use the name of any corporation heretofore organized in this state and which has not suffered the forfeiture prescribed by the STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 119 act of which this act is amendatory, oi* to make or use a name so closely resembling rhe name of such corporation heretofore organized in this state as will tend to deceive. The provisions of title IX, part III of the Code of Civil Procedure in so far as they conflict with this section of this act are not applicable to corporations seeking revivor under this act. Amended, approved May 30, 1913. Sec. 7. All educational, religious, scientific and charitable corporations, and all corporations which are not organized for pecuniary profit, are exempt from the provisions of this act. Amended, approved June 13, 1906. Sec. S. On or before the thirty-first day of December of each year the secretary of state shall make a list of all domestic corporations whose charters have been so forfeited and of all foreign corporations whose right to do business in this state has been so forfeited, and shall transmit a certified copy thereof to each county clerk in this state, who shall file the same in his office. Amended, approved June IS, 1906. Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for any corporation, delinquent under this act. either domestic or foreign, which has not paid the license tax or fee, together with the penalty for such delinquency, as in this act prescribed, to exercise the powers of such corporation, or to transact any business in this state, after the thirtieth day of November next following the delinquency. Each and every person who exercises any of the powers of a corporation so delinquent, whether domestic or foreign, which has not paid the license tax. together with the penalty for such delinquency, or who transacts any business for or in behalf of such corporation, after the thirtieth day of November next following the delinquency, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, and not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by impris- onment in the county jail not less than fifty days nor more than five hundred days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Amended, approved June 13. 1906. Sec. lOfl. In all cases of forfeiture under the provisions of this act., the directors or managers in office of the affairs of any domestic corporation, whose charter may be so forfeited, or of any foreign corporation \\hose right to do business in this state may be so forfeited, are deemed to he trustees of the corporation and stockholders or members of the corporation whose power or right to do business is forfeited and have full power to settle the affairs of the corporation and to maintain or defend any action or proceeding then pending in behalf of or against any of said corpora- tions, or to take such legal proceedings as may be necessary to fully settle the affairs of said corporation, and such directors or managers, as such trustees, may be sued in any of the courts of this state by any person having a claim against any of said corporations ; provided, ahvoys, that no action pending against any corpora- tion shall abate thereby, but may be prosecuted to final judgment the same may be enforced by execution with the same force and effect and in like manner as though no forfeiture had occurred; and provided, further, that where judgment has been entered against any corporation prior to forfeiture under this act, that not- withstanding execution may be issued thereon and the property of said corporation, or which may come into the hands of any trustees for it may be levied upon, seized and sold to satisfy the same with like force and effect as though such forfeiture has not occurred. Amended, approved March 20, 1907. Chaptek 336. Ar\ act to repeal an act entitled "An act relating to revenue and taxation, providing for a license tax upon corporations and making an appropriation for the purpose of carrying out the objects of this act," approved March 20, 1905, and all acts amendatory thereof or supplemental thereto, and to provide upon what conditions any corporation which has failed to pay any license tax imposed by the provisions of any of the acts hereby repealed may pay the same and be restored to Its former corporate status and rights, and also to provide for settling the affairs of any corporation which by reason of failure to pay any tax imposed by any of said acts, has forfeited either its charter or right to do business in this state. (Approved June 10, 1913. In effect June 30, 1914.) The People of the State of California do enact as follotvs: Section 1. An act entitled "An act relating to revenue and taxation, providing for a license tax upon corporations and making an appropriation for the purpose 120 MINEEAL IXDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. of carrying out the objects of this act," approved March 20, 1905, and also all acts amendatorj' thereof or supplemental thereto, are hereby repealed ; provided, howet^er, that this act shall not be construed to affect the status of any corporation which has before the taking effect of this act, by reason of failure to pay any tax in accordance with the terms of any of the acts hereby repealed, forfeited either its charter or right to do business in this state. Nor shall this act be construed to relieve any corporation or person from any penalty or penal provision of any of the acts hei*eby repealed except as herein provided. Sec. 2. Any corporation which has failed to pay the license tax required by the provisions of any of the acts hereby i*epealed, may pay to the secretary of state all taxes and penalties prescribed by either of said acts and the license tax and penalties that would have accrued if such corporation had not forfeited its charter or right to do business in this state, and any such corporation making such payments shall thereupon be relieved from the forfeiture prescribed in any of the acts hereby repealed and restored to its former corporate rights and status and the secretary of state shall annually in the month of December transmit to the county clerk of each county a list of the corporations so paying, which list shall be by said county clerk filed in his office ; provided, the rehabilitation of any such corporation by reason of making such payments shall be without prejudice to any action, defense, or right which accrued by reason of the original forfeiture. Sec. 3. The powers conferred by the provisions of section 10a of the act hereby repealed (as amended March 20, 1907) upon the directors or managers of any such corporation in office at the time of any such forfeiture are hereby continued in force and said trustees or managers shall notwithstanding the taking effect of this act have full power as trustees to settle the affairs of any such corporation and to maintain or defend any action or proceeding then pending in behalf of or against any such corporation or to take such legal proceedings as may be necessary to fully settle its affairs and such directors or managers as such trustees may be sued in any of the courts of this state by any person having a claim against any such corporation ; provided, alwat/s. that no action ponding against any such corpora- tion shall abate thereby but may be brought to final judgment and may be enforced by execution and to the same force and effect and in like manner as though no forfeiture has occurred; and provided, further, that where judgment has been entex'ed against any corporation prior to forfeiture under the provisions of any of the acts hereby repealed notwithstanding such forfeiture execution may be issued on any such judgment, and the property of such corporation or which may come into the hands of any trustees for it, may be levied upon, seized and sold to satisfy such judgment with like force and effect as though such forfeitui'e had not occurred. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect and bo in force June 30, 1914, at twelve o clock m. PROTECTION OF STOCKHOLDERS. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to protect stockholders and persons dealing with corporations in this state," approved March 29, 1878, and all acts amendatory thereof, and to repeal all laws in conflict therewith. [Approved March 22, 190.5.] The people of the (itate of California, represented in senate and assemhhj, do enact as follows: Section 1. Any superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent, or other officer, of any corporation formed or existing under the laws of this state, or trans- acting business in the same, and any person pretending or holding himself out as such superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent, or other officer, who shall wilfully subscribe, sign, endorse, verify, or otherwise assent to the publication, either genei-ally or privately, to the stockholders or other persons dealing with such corpora- tion, or its stock, any untrue or wilfully and fraudulently exaggerated report. prospectus, account, statement of opei-ations, values, business, pi'ofits, expenditures or prospects, or other paper or document intended to produce or give, or having i STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 121 a tendencj' to produce or give, to the shares of stock in such corporation a gi-eator value or less apparent or mai'ket value than they really possess, or with th'j: intention of defrauding any particular person or persons, or the public, or persons generally, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in state prison or a county jail not exceeding two years, or by line not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by both. Sec. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. CIVIL CODE. § 309. The directors of corporations must not make dividends, except from the surplus profits arising from the business thereof; nor must they create any debts beyond their subscribed capital stock ; nor must they divide, withdraw or pay to the stockholders, or any of them, any part of the capital stock, except as hereinafter provided, nor reduce or increase the capital stock, except as herein specially provided. For a violation of the provisions of this section, the directors under whose adminis- tration the same may have happened (except those who may have caused their dissent therefrom to be entered at large on the minutes of the directors at the time, or were not present when the same did happen) are, in their individual or private capacity, jointly and severally liable to the coiTDoration, and to the creditors thereof, to the full amount of the capital stock so divided, withdrawn, paid out. or reduced, or debt contracted ; and no statute of limitation is a bar to any suit against such directors for any sums for which they are liable by this section ; provided, however, that where a corporation has been heretofore or may hereafter be formed for the purpose, among other things, of acquiring, holding, and selling real estate, water, and water rights, the directors of such corporation may, with the consent of stockholders representing two thirds of the capital stock thereof, given at a meeting called for that purpose, divide among the stockholders the land, water or water rights so by such corporation held, in the proportions to which their holdings of such stock at the time of such division entitled them. All conveyances made by (he corporation in pursuance of this section must be made and received subject to the debts of such corporation existing at the date of the conveyance thereof. Nothing herein prohibits a division and distribution of the capital stock of any corporation which remains after the payment of all its debts, upon its dissolution, or the expiration of its term of existence. PENAL CODE. § 5G0. Every director of any stock corporation who concurs in any vote or act of the directors of such corporation or any of them, by which it is intended, either — 1. To make any dividend, except from the surplus profits arising from the business of the corporation, and in the cases and manner allowed by law ; or, 2. To provide, withdraw, or in any manner, except as provided by law. pay to the stockholders, or any of them, any part of the capital stock of the corporation ; or, 3. To discount or receive any note or other evidence of debt in payment of any installment actually called in and required to be paid, or with the intent to provide the means of making such payment ; or, 4. To receive or discount any note or other evidence of debt, with the intent to enable any stockholder to withdraw any part of the money paid in by him. or his stock : or, .5. To receive from any other stock corporation, in exchange for the shares, notes, bonds, or other evidences of debt of their own corporation, shares of the capital stock of such other corporation, or notes, bonds, or other evidence of debt issued by such other corporation ; — is guilty of a misdemeanor. 122 MINERAL IXDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. TO PREVENT WASTING OF NATURAL GAS. An act prohibiting the unnecessary wasting of natural gas Into the atmosphere; pro- viding for the capping or otherwise closing of wells from which natural gas flows; and providing penalties for violating the provisions of this act. [Approved March 25, 1911.] The people of the f^tate of California, represented in senate and assembly, do enaet as follows: Section 1. All persons, firms, coi-porations and associations are hereby prohibited from wilfully permitting any natural gns wastefully to escape into the atmosphere. Sec. 2. All persons, firms, coi'porations or associations digging, drilling, exca- vating, constructing or owning or controlling any well from which natural gas flows shall upon the abandonment of such well, cap or otherwise close the mouth of or entrance to the same in such a manner as to prevent the unnecessary or wasteful escape into the atmosphere of such natural gas. And no person, firm, corporation or association owning or controlling land in which such well or wells are situated shall wilfully permit natural gas flowing from such well or wells, wastefully or unnecessarily to escape into the atmosphere. Sec. 3. Any person, firm, con^oration or association who shall wilfully violate any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by impi'isonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 4. For the purposes of this act each day during which natural gas shall be wilfully allowed wastefully or unnecessarily to escape into the atmosphere shall be deemed a separate and distinct violation of this act. Sec. 5. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 0. This act shall take effect immediately PROTECTION OF OIL AND GAS STRATA. An act to prevent injury to oil, gas or petroleum- bearing strata or formations by the penetration or infiltration of water therein. [Approved March 20, 1909.] The people of the !>Haie of California, represented in senale and asscmhlij. do enact as foUoios: Section 1. It shall be the duty of the owner of any well now drilled or that may be drilled in the State of California on lands producing or containing oil, gas or petroleum, to properly case such well or wells, with metal casing in accordance with most approved methods, and to effectually shut off all water overlying or under- lying the oil-bearing strata and to effectually prevent any water from penetrating such oil-bearing strata. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the owner of any well referred to in section one of this act, before abandoning the same to withdraw the casing therefrom, and to s(>curely fill such well with clay, earth or cement mortar, or other good and sufficient materials, used alone or in suitable combination, and thoroughly pack and tamp the same into such well to a point as far above the upper oil-bearing strata r.s the com- missioner hereinafter provided for may decide shall be necessary, and while with- drawing the casing therefrom to effectually and permanently shut off and exclude all water underlying and overlying said oil-bearing strata, and to the satisfaction of the commissioner, whether any oil-bearing strata has been encountered or not. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the owner of any well referred to in section one of this act, to keep a careful and accurate log of the drilling of such well, such log to show the character and depth of the formations passed through or encountered in the drilling of such well, and particularly to show the location and depth of the water-bearing strata, together with the character of the water encountered from time to time, and to show at what point such water was shut off, if at all. and if not to so state in such log. and show the depth at which oil-bearing strata is I ( STATISTICS OF AXXUAL PRODUCTION'. 123 encountered, the depth and character of the same, and whether all water overlyinsr and underlying such oil-bearing strata was successfully and permanently shut off so as to prevent the percolation or penetration into such oil-bearing strata ; said record of well to be kept on file and subject to the inspection of hereinafter men- tioned commissioner at any time during business hours. Sec. 4. The term "owner" as herein used shall mean and include each and every person, persons, partnership, copartnership, association or corporation owning, leasing, managing, operating, drilling or possessing any well mentioned in sections one and two of this act, either as principal or principals, lessee or lessees of such principal or principals, contractor or contractors, and their and each of their em- ployees. The term "oil-bearing strata" as herein used shall mean and include any bed, seam or stratum of rock or sand or other material which contains, includes, or yields earth oil, rock oil, or petroleum oil or natural gas or either of them. In order to carry out the provision of sections one and two of this act. upon petition of three or more operating oil companies, within the county, it shall be the duty of the board of supervisors of said county to appoint a commissioner who shall be a practical oil man. whose term of office shall be until December 31st of the year following time of appointment or until his successor is appointerl. The duties of said commissioner shall be to see that the provisions of this act shall bf enforced. The compensation of said commissioner shall be fixed by the board of supervisors and shall be paid out of the general county fund. Upon the filing of a complaint with said commissioner alleging the violation of any of the provisions of sections one or two of this act. it shall be the duty of the hereinbefore mentioned commissioner of the county, if so requested by the com- plainants, to make or cause to be made, a thorough investigation of the well in (juestion, to determine whether or not any of the provisions of this act have been xlolated and for such purpose he is hereby empowered to appoint all necessary agents and assistants to conduct such examination and such agents and assistants may enter upon the premises where such well is situated and may take charge of such well for the purpose of making such investigations. If the defendant in the action shall be convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of sections one or two of this act, he shall, in addition to the penalties hereafter set forth, pay all reasonable and proper costs incident to the making of such investigations. Any well drilled and abandoned, in violation of sections one or two of this act, is hereby declared a public nuisance. If any well, under the provisions of sections one or two of this act be declared a public nuisance, it shall be the duty of commissioner of the county in which such well is situated to enter upon the premises, take possession of such well and to abate said nuisance and to take all necessary steps to prevent the percolation or penetration of water into the oil-bearing strata. He shall keep an accurate account of the ex- pense of such work and all expenses so incurred shall be a charge against the owner of such well and a lien upon the same. Any person violating the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Any owner of any well referred to in sections one or two of this act, who refuses to permit the commissioner to inspect the same or who wilfully hinders or delays the commissioner in the performance of his duty is guilty of a misdemeanor. An "act"' to prevent injury to oil, or petroleum-bearing strata, or fonuations by infliltration or intrusion of water therein, approved March 24, 1903, is hereby repealed. USE OF CALIFORNIA MATERIALS IN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Section 3247 of the Political Code. "Any person, committee, board, officer, or any other pei-son charged with the pur- chase, or permitted or authorized to purchase, supplies, goods, wares, merchandise, manufactures, or produce, for the use of the state, or any of its institutions or offices. or for the use of any county or consolidated city and county, or city, or town, shall 124 MIXEEAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. always, price, fitness and quality being equal, prefer such supplies, floods, wares, merchandise, manufactures, or produce as has been grown, manufactured or pro- duced in this state, and shall next prefer such as have been partially so manufac- tured, grown or produced in this state. All state, county, city and county, city or town officers, all boards, commissions, or other persons charged with advertising for any such supplies, shall state in their advertisement that such preferences will be made. In any such advertisement no bid shall be asked for any article of a specific brand or mark nor any patent apparatus or appliances, when such requirement would prevent proper competition on the part of dealers in other articles of equal value, utility or merit." LANDS UNCOVERED BY RECESSION OF WATER. An act to amend section 3493m of the Political Code relating to land uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of inland lakes. [Approved April 14, 1911.] The people of ihc State of Califorvia, represented in senate and assembly, do enaet as follows: Section 1. Section 3493??t of the Political Code is hereby amended to read as follows : Section 3493mi. Any person desiring to purchase any of the lands now uncovered or which may hereafter be uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of inland lakes, and inuring to the state by vii'tue of her sovereignty, or the swamp and overflowed lands not segregated by the United States, must make an application therefor to the surveyor general of the state, which application must be accompanied by the applicant's affidavit that he is a citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention to become such, a resident of this state, of lawful age. that he desires to pui'chase such lands (describing them by legal subdivisions, or by metes and bounds, if the legal subdivisions are unknown), under the provisions of this article, for his own use and benefit, and for the use and benefit of no other person whomso- ever, and that he has made no contract or agreement to sell the same, and that he does not own any state lands which, together with that now sought to be purchased, exceed six hundred and forty acres. The provisions of this section shall not affect or apply to any land uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of any lake or other body of water, the waters of which are so impregnated with minerals as to be valuable for the purpose of ex- tracting therefrom such minerals ; but the land uncovered by the recession or drain- age of such waters shall be subject to lease for periods of not longer than twenty- five years upon such charges, terms and conditions as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 2. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. EXTRACTION OF MINERALS FROM WATER. An act regulating the extraction of minerals from the waters of any stream or lake and prohibiting the extraction of minerals from said waters except under lease from or express permission of the state for a period not exceeding twenty-five years. [Approved April 14, 1911.] Tlie people of the State of California, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows : Section ]. Minerals contained in the waters of any stream or lake in this state shall not be extracted from said waters except upon charges, terms and conditions prescribed by law. No person, firm, corporation or association shall hereafter gain the right to extract or cause to be extracted said minerals from said waters by user, custom, prescription, appropriation, littoral rights, riparian rights, or in any manner I STATISTICS OF AXXUAL PRODUCTION. 125 other than by lease from or express permission of the state as proscribed by law ; and no such lease or permission shall be granted for a longer period than twenty- five years. Sec. 2. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. HYDRAULIC MINING. Where hydraulic mining can be carried on. § 1424. The business of hydraulic mining may be carried on within the State of California wherever and whenever the same can be carried on without material injury to the navigable streams, or the lands adjacent thereto. Meaning of hydraulic mining. § 1425. Hydraulic mining, within the meaning of this title, is mining by the means of the application of water, under pressure, through a nozzle, against a natural bank. MINERAL LANDS WITHIN MEANDER LINES OF LAKES AND STREAMS. An act relating to lakes and streams, the waters of which contain minerals in com- mercial quantities; withdrawing state lands within the meander lines thereof from sale; prescribing conditions for taking such minerals from said waters and lands, and providing for the leasing of lands uncovered by the recession of the waters of such lakes and streams. [Approved April 27, 1911.] The people of the State of California, represented in senate and asscnihhj, do enact as follows: Section 1. There is hereby withdrawn from selection and sale all of the lands embraced within the original meander lines of streams and lakes belonging to the state, the waters of which contain minerals in commercial quantities, and all such lands which may hereafter inui'e to the state by virtue of its sovereignty, excepting such lands now contracted to be sold under sections S493m to 3493f, both inclusive, of the Political Code. Sec. 2. No person, firm or corporation shall take water from such streams or lakes containing minerals and extract from such water such minerals, except under the terms and conditions of this act ; and no person, firm or corporation may lease any land herein referred to and extract therefrom minerals deposited therein or thereon, except under the terms and conditions of this act. Sec. 3. Every person, firm or corporation taking from the waters of such stream, lakes or lands any minerals, shall file, on or before the last Monday in January of each year, with the county assessor of the county in which any such stream or lake is situated, and also with the state controller, a written statement, duly verified, showing in tons of two thousand pounds, the amount of mineral taken by such person, firm or coi^poration from such water or land during the year ending December 31st last preceding, and sold by said person, firm or corporation during the said year pre- ceding. Any such person, firm or corporation neglecting or refusing to furnish such statement shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars for each day after the said last Monday in January such person, firm or corporation, shall fail to furnish such statement, and, in addition to said fine, shall forfeit all leases granting the right to extract such minerals from said water and said land. Any person who shall, either on behalf of himself or any firm or corporation, verify any such statement v.'hich shall be untrue in any material part, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. Sec. 4. In case either the assessor or the state controller shall not be satisfied with the statement as returned, he may make an examination of the matters neces- sary to verify or correct said statement, and. for that purpose, may subpoena wit- nesses and call for and compel the production of necessary books and papei's belong- ing to the person, firm or corporation making the I'eturns. I 126 MINERAL INDUSTEY OF CALIFORNIA. Sec. 5. The county assessor of the county shall, after examination and approval by him and the state controller of such statement, proceed to collect from such per- son, firm or corporation a royalty of twenty-five cents for each ton of two thousand pounds of mineral taken from such water or land by such person, firm or corporation and sold, during the preceding year, in the manner provided for the collection of personal property taxes ; provided, that the royalty on sodium bicarbonate and on sodium hydrate so taken shall be fifty (50) cents for each ton of two thousand pounds. Sec. 0. Any person, firm or corporation desiring to lease any lands under this act must make application therefor to the surveyor general of the state, describing the lands sought to be leased by legal subdivisions, or if the legal subdivisions are unknown to the applicant by metes and bounds. The application must be accom- panied by a filing fee of ten dollars. Sec. 7. I'pon the receipt of such application, the surveyor general shall direct the county surveyor of the county in which such lands are situated to survey the land sought to be leased. The county surveyor shall make an actual survey of the land, at the expense of the applicant, establishing the four corners to each quarter section, and connecting the same with a United States survey ; and, within thirty days file with the surveyor general a copy, under oath, of his field notes and plat. If the county surveyor fails to make the survey as herein provided, the surveyor genei'al shall immediately direct another person to make the survey at the expense of the applicant, and said survey shall be made and completed within thirty days after the authorization, and the field notes and plats, or copies thereof, shall be sworn to by the surveyor making them and shall be filed with the surveyor general. Sec. 8. All applications to Ic-ise land under this act shall be approved or rejected by the surveyor general within ninety days after the receipt thereof. Immediately after the approval of the application, the surveyor general shall execute and deliver to the applicant a lease of the lands described in the application. Sec. 9. The lands designated in this act shall be leased at the rate of two dol- lars and fifty cents per acre, per year, payable yearly in advance. All moneys re- ceived as rental for such lands and as royalty upon the mineral product of the waters of the lakes, streams or lands above mentioned, shall be paid into the state school land fund. Sec. 10. Whenever any lease is delivered to the applicant by the surveyor gen- ei'al, the lessee shall within fifteen days thereafter, present said lease to the treasurer of the State of California, and make payment of the first annual rental. The treas- urer shall receive the money and give a receipt therefor. All subsequent annual payments of rental must be paid to the state treasurer, in like manner, within fifteen days after they become due. In case payments are not made as herein provided, the lease and all rights thereunder shall cease and terminate. No lease shall run for more than twenty-five years : provided, that upon the expiration of any lease, such lease may be extended for a period of twenty-five years upon such terms and con- ditions as may then be prescribed by law. ■ Sec. 13. All leases made under the authority of this act shall contain a reser- vation to the state of a right to locate rights of way across such leased lands, subject only to the requirements that the rights of way shall be located in such manner as to cause the least injury to the leased lands across which the same may be located, and that any damage suffered by the lessee of such lands shall be compensated by the lessee of the lands for whose benefit the right of way is required ; aud every such lease shall be subject to, and shall contain a reservation of, the right of any city ?.nd county or incorporated city or town of this state to at any time appropriate and take, under the laws of this state relative to the appropriation of waters, water from any stream or lake tributary to or discharging into any stream or lake of the character nientionod in section one of this act. for any use or uses within the author- ized powers of such city and county, or incorporated city or town. Sec. 12. Leases of rights of way, not exceeding one hundred feet in width, for access to any water or lands designated by this act, may be applied for and granted in the manner herein provided for leasing lands. Such rights of wav shall be leased STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION-. 127 at an annual rental of two dollai-s and fifty cents an acre, and the same shall ho jiaid as herein provided for leased lands. Sec. 13. All leases of mineral lands provided for by this act shall cease and ter- minate on December 31st of any year if the lessee or assigns has not, during the >( ar preceding, extracted or removed from such land and water an amount of min- eral equal, in the aggregate, to a minimum of five tons per acre of land leased : provided, that when a lease is not delivered to the lessee until after the fifteenth day of January of any year, the minimum tonnage for such year shall be less than five (.")) tons, and shall be proportional to the numl»er of days remaining in such year after the completion of the works. Sec. 14. The surveyor general is hereby authorized to prepare, make, execute and deliver all papers, instruments and documents, and to do any and all things necessary to carrj- out the provisions of this act. Sec. 15. The legislature shall have the right to change, from time to time, tho royalty per ton of minerals extracted and the annual rental per acre of land, and such change shall apply to all persons, firms or corporations holding leases herein- under; provided, that no lease given under this act shall be subject to any ohan;;e. as to the royalty or I'ental provided for in said lease, subsequent to the execution n( such lease until after ten years from the passage of this act. Sec. 1(3. Any lessee hereinunder may abandon and surrender a lease at the ex- Ijiration of any calendar year by filing with the county assessor of the county in which is situated the lands described in said lease, and with the surveyor general and the state controller, notices of said abandonment or surrender; but said notices must be filed at least sixty days before the expiration of said calendar year; and said abandonment and surrender shall not absolve the said lessee from the payment of any royalty which may be due at the end of said fiscal year, for minerals extracted from the waters or lands in this act specified. Sec. 17. This act shall take effect immediately. THE RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN. An act to amend section twelve hundred and thirty-eight of the Code of CIvl! Pro- cedure, relating to the purposes for which the right of eminent domain may be exercised, and repealing all acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act. [Approved April 2S, 1911.] - Section 1. Section twelve hundred and thirty-eigiit of the Code of (M\ il Pro- cedure is hereby amended to read as follows : § 1238. Subject to the provisions of this title, the right of eminent domain may be exercised in behalf of the following public uses : 4. Wharves, docks, piers, chutes, booms, ferries, bridges, toll roads, by-roads, plank, and turnpike roads ; paths and i-oads either on the surface, elevated, or de- l-ressed. for the use of bicycles, tricycles, motor cycles and other horseless vehicles. steam, electric, and horse railroads, canals, ditches, dams, poundings, flumes, aque- ducts and pipes for irrigation, public transportation, supplying mines and farming neighborhoods witii water, and draining and reclaiming lands, and for floating logs and hmiber on streams not navigable. ."). Roads, tunnels, ditches, flumes, pipes and dumping phues for working mines ; also outlets, natural or otherwise, for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailings or refuse matter from mines : also an occupancy in common by the owners or jwssessors of different mines of any place for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailings or refuse matter from their several mines. (!. By-roads leading from highways to residences, farms, mines, mills, factories and buildings for operating machinery, or necessary to reach any properly used for Iiublic purposes. 7. Telegraph and telephone lines, systems and plants. 0. Roads for transportation by traction engines or road locomotives. 10. Oil pipe lines. 11. Roads and flumes for logging or lumbering purposes. 9— 12.'>24 328 MIXKKAL TXDUSTIJY 01" CAl.l KOltM A. 12. Canals, reservoii's, dams, ditches, flumes, aqueducts and i>ii)es and outlets natural or otherwise for supplying, storing and discharging water for the operation ol" machinery for the purpose of generating and transmitting electricity for the supply of mines, qiiarries. railroads, tramways, mills, and factories with electric power; and also for the applying of electricity to light or heat mines, quarries, mills, factories, incorporated cities and counties, villages or towns; and also for furnishing electricity for lighting, heating or power purposes to individuals or corporations, together with lands, buildings and all other improvements in or xipon which to erect, install, place, use or operate machinery for the purpose of generating and transmitting electricity for any of the pui^poses or uses above set forth. Sec. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. An act to amend section 1239 of the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to proceedings to exercise the right of eminent domain. [Appi-oved Apiil o, lUll.] Section 1. Section 1239 of the Code of Civil I'rocedure of the State of Cali- fornia, is hereby amended to read as follows : § 1239. The following is a classification of the estates and rights in lands sub- ject to be taken for public use : 1. A fee simple, when taken for public buildings or grounds, or for permanent buildings, for reservoirs and dams, and permanent flooding occasioned thereby, or for an outlet for a flow, or a place for the deposit of debris or tailings of a mine. LOCATION OF MINING CLAIMS, MILL SITES, AND ASSESSMENT j WORK. An act to amend the Civil Code of California by adding a new title thereto, to be numbered title X, In part IV of division second, consisting of sections 1426, 1426a, 1426b, 1426c, 1426d, 1426e, 1426f, 1426g, 1426h, 14261, 1426J, 1426k, 14261, 1426m, 1426n, 14260, 1426p, 1426q, 1426r, and 1426s, providing for the manner of locating lode and placer mining claims, tunnel rights, mill sites, and prescribing the char- acter and amount of assessment work on mining claims, and providing for proofs of such work, and for the recordation of location notices, and proof of labor, and for the enforcement of contributions from delinquent co-owners of mining claims, and prescribing the duties of county recorders respecting the recording of location notices of, and proofs of labor on, mining claims, tunnel rights, and mill sites, and the fees to be charged therefor, and repealing acts in conflict herewith. [Approved March K!, 1909.] The people uf the Stafc of California, i cpresciitcd in ifeiiate and uhkoiiUIij, do enact as follows: Section 1. The Civil Code of the State of California is hereby amended by add- ing a new title thereto, to he numbered title X. in part IV of second division, con- sisting of sections 142(;. 142(;r/. 142t)/j. 142(5c. 1426rf, 1426p. 1426/, 142%. 142(;;i, 1426i, 1426./, 1426A-. 1426/. ]426»). 1426h. f42(to. 1426/), 1426fy, 1426r, and 1426s, to read as follows : § 1426. Any person, a citizen of the I'nited States, or who has declared his in- tention to become such, who discovers a vein or lode of quartz, or other rock in place bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin. copper, or other valuable deposit, may locate a claim upon such vein or lode, by defining the boundaries of the claim, in the man- ner hei'einafter described, and by posting a notice of such location, at tin' ))oiut of discovery, which notice must contain : First — The name of the lode or claim. Second — The name of the locator or locators. Third — The number of linear feet claimed in length along the course of the vein, each way from the point of discovery, with the width on each side of the center of the claim, and the general course of the vein or lode, as near as may be. Fourth — The date of location. PifiJi — Such a description of the claim by reference to some natur.il object, or permanent monument, as will identify the claim located. STATISTICS OK AXMAI. I'l!» »1 )rCTI(tX. ll>!) S 142(3 notice of location of ♦^he tunnel right or location, the locator shall record a true copy thereof, in the office of the county recorder of the county in which such claim is situated, for which service the recorder shall receive a fee of one dollar. § 1426?i. If at any time the locator of any mining claim heretofore or here- after located, or his assigns, shall apprehend that his original location notice was defective, erroneous, or that the requirements of the law had not been complied with liofore filing: or in case the original notice was made prior to the passage of this act. and he shall be desirous of securing the benefit of this act. such locator, or his assigns, may file an additional notice, subject to the provisions of this act : provided. that such amended location notice does not interfere with the existing rights of others ;,r the time of posting and filing such amended location notice, and no such amen(le of labor or improvements made, the name of the claim, and the name of tlie owner or claimant of said claim at whose expense the same was made or performed. Such affidavit, or a copy thereof, duly certified by the county recorder, shall be prima facie evidence of the performance of such labor or tlie making of such improvements, or both. § 142Cw(. For recording the affidavit herein I'equired. the county recorder shall receive a fee of fift.v cents. § 142(>o. Whenever a co-owner or co-owners of a mining claim shall give to a delinciuent co-owner or co-owners the notice in writing or notice by publication pro- vided for in section 2324, Revised Statutes of the United States, an affidavit of the person giving such notice, stating the time, place, manner of service, and by whom and upon whom such service was made, shall be attached to a true copy of such notice, and such notice and affidavit must be recorded in the oflSce of the county recorder, in books kept foi- that pui-pose, in the county in which the claim is situated, within ninety days, after the giving of such notice; for the recording of which said recorder shall receive the same fees as are now allowed by law for recording deeds; or if such notice is given liy publication in a newspaper, there shall be attached to a printed copy of such notice an afllidavit of the printer or his foreman, or principal clerk of such paper, stating the date of the first, last and each insertion of such notice therein, and where the newspaper was published during that time, and the name of such newspaper. Such affidavit and notice shall be recorded as aforesaid, within one hundred and eighty days after the first publication thereof. The original of such notice and affidavit, or a duly certified copy of the record thereof, shall be prima facie evidence that the delinquent mentioned in section 2324 has failed or refused to contribute his proportion of the expenditure i-equired by that section, and of the service of publication of said notice ; provided, the writing or affidavit hereinafter provided for is not of record. If such delinquent shall, within the ninety days re- quired by section 2324, aforesaid, contribute to his co-owner or co-owners, his pro- portion of such expenditures, and also all costs of service of the notice required by this section, whether incurred for publication charges, or otherwise, such co-owner or co-owners shall sign and deliver to the delinquent or delinquents a writing stating that the delinquent or delinquents by name has within the time required by section 2324 aforesaid, contributed his share for the year upon the mine, and further stating therein the district, county and state wherein the same is situated, and the book and page where the location notice is recorded, if said mine was located under the provisions of this act; such writing shall be recorded in the office of the county recorder of said county, for which he shall receive the same fees as are now allowed by law for recording deeds. If such co-owner or co-owners shall fail to sign and deliver such writing to the delinquent or delinquents within twenty days after such contribution, the co-owner or co-owners so failing as aforesaid shall be liable to the penalty of one hundred dollars, to be recovered by any person for the use of the delinquent or delinquents in any court of competent jurisdiction. If STATISTICS OK AXXIAI. I'ltODlCTlON. 131 sudi (.•u-ownci- or co-owuers fai) to deliver sucli writing: witbiu said twenty days, the delinquent, with two disinterested persons having; personal knowledge of siu-h ooutribution, may make affidavit setting forth in what manner, the amount of. to whom, and upon what mine, such contribution was made. Such affidavit, or a record thereof, in the office of the county recorder of the county in which such mine is situated, shall be prima facie evidence of such contribution. § 142Gp. The record of any location of a mining claim, mill site or tunnel riglit. in the office of the county recorder, as herein provided shall be received in evidence, and have the same force and effect in the courts of the state as the original notice. § 142G(7. Copies of the records of all instruments required to be recorded by the provisions of this act. duly certified by the recorder, in whose custody such records are. may be read in evidence, under the same circumstances and rules as are now. or may be hereafter provided by law. for using copies of instruments relating to reul estate, duly executed or acknowledged or proved and recorded. § 1426r. The provisions of this act shall not in any manner be construed as affecting or abolishing any mining district or the rules and regulations thereof within the State of California. § 1426s. The failure or neglect of any locator of a mining claim to perform development work of the character, in the manner and within the time required hy the laws of the United States, shall disqualify such locatoi-s from relocating the ground embraced in the original location or mining claim or any part thereof under the mining laws, within three years after the date of his original location and any attempted relocation thereof by any of the original locators shall render such location void. Sec. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act, are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force on and after July 1, 1900. LARCENY OF GOLD-DUST AND AMALGAM. An act supplementary to an act entitled "An act concerning crimes and punisli- ments," passed April 16, 1850. [Approved March 20, 1872 ; 1S71-2, 435.] Section 1. Every person who shall feloniously steal, take and carry away, or attempt to take, steal, and carry from any mining claim, tunnel, sluice, under-cur- rent, riffle-box, or sulphurate (sulphuret) machine any gold-dust, amalgam, or quick- silver, the property of another, shall be deemed guilty of grand larceny, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for any term of not less than one year nor more than fourteen years. Sec. 2. This act shall be in force from and after its passage. CALIFORNIA MINE BELL SIGNALS. An act to establish a uniform system of mine bell signals, to be used in all the mines operated in the State of California, and for the protection of miners. [Approved March 8, 1893.] Section 1. Every person, company, corporation, or individual, operating any ; mine within the State of California — gold, silver, copper, lead, coal, or any oilier metal or substance — where it is necessary to use signals by means of bell or other- wise, for shafts, inclines, drifts, crosscuts, tunnels, and underground woi'kings, shall, after the passage of this bill, adopt, use. and pn^ in force the following system or code of mine bell signals, as follows : 1 bell, to hoist. (See Rule 2.1 1 bell, to stop if in motion. 2 bells to lower. (See Rule 2.) .*> bells, man to be hoisted; run slow. (See Rule 2.) 4 bells, start pump if not running, or stop pump if running. V^2 MISVAIAL IXDUSTliY OF (A LI FOliXr.V. 1 — 3 bells, start or stop air compressor. •J bells, seud down tools. (See Rule 4.) G bells, send down timbers. (See Rule 4.) 7 bells, accident ; move bucket or cage by verbal orders only. 1 — 4 bells, foreman wanted. 2 — 1 — 1 bells, done hoisting until called. 2 — 1 — 2 bells, done hoisting for the day. 2 — 2 — 2 bells, change buckets from ore to water, or vice versa. 3 — 2 — 1 bells, ready to shoot in the shaft. (See Rule 3.) Engineers signal, that he is ready to hoist, is to raise the bucket or cage two feet and lower it again. (See Rule 3.) Levels shall lie designated and inserted in notice hereinafter mentioned. (See Rule 5.) Sec. 2. For the purpose of enforcing and properly understanding the above code of signals, the following rules are hereb.v established : Rule 1 — In giving signals make strokes on bell at regular intervals. The bar ( — ) must take the same time as for one stroke of the l)ell, and no more. If timber, tools, the foreman, bucket or cage are wanted to stop at any level in the mine, signal by number of strokes on the bell, numher of the level first before giving the signal for timber, tools, etc. Time between signals to be double bars ( ). Example: Q 5 would mean stop at sixth level with tools. 4 1 — 1 — 1 1. would mean to stop a I fourth level, man on, hoist. 2 1 — 4 would mean stop at second level with foreman. Rule 2 — No person must get off or on the bucket or cage, while the same is in motion. When men are to be hoisted give the signal for men. Men must then get on bucket or cage, then give the signal to hoist. Bell cord must be in reach of man on the bucket or cage at stations. Rule 3 — After signal "Ready to shoot in shaft." engineer must give his signal when he is ready to hoist. Miners must tiien give tlie signal of "Men to be hoisted," then "spit fuse."' get into the l)ucket. and give the signal to hoist. Rule .'/ — All timbers, tools, etc.. "longer than the depth of the bucket," to be hoisted or lowered, must be securely lashed at the upper end to the cable. Miners nmst know they will ride up or down th(> shaft without catching on rocks or timliers and be thrown out. Rule 5 — The foreman will see that one printed sheet of these signals and rules for each level and one for the engine-room are attached to a board not less than twelve inches wide by thirty -si.\ inches long, and securely fasten the board up where signals can be easily read at the places above stated. Rule 6 — The above signals and rules must be obeyed. Any violation will be sufficient grounds for discharging the- party or parties so doing. No person, company, corporation, or individuals operating any mine within the State of California, shall b«- responsible for accidents that may happen to men disobeying the above rules and signals. Said notice and rules shall be signed by the person or superintendent hav- ing charge of the mine, who shall designate the name of the corporation or the owner of the mine. Sec. 3. Any person or company failing to carry out any of the provisions of this act shall be responsible for all damages arising to or incurred I)y any per.son working in said mine during the time of such failure. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect immediately. MINER'S INCH DEFINED. An act fixing and defining a miner's Inch of water. [Approved March 23, 1901.] 77ie people of the State of California, represented in senate and assemhhj. do enact as follows: Section 1. The standard miner's inch of water shall be equivalent or equal to one and one half cubic feet of water per minute, measured through any aperture or orifice. STATISTICS OF A.N MA I. I'UoDl I'lTON. 1:{:! Sec. 2. All acts or iiarts of acts iiuonsisiciit with llic provisions of this art an- lu'i'eby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall l)o in offect and force sixty days from and after its passage. FORMS FOR LOCATION NOTICES. The following- forms for mineral location notic s have been found to till tiie re- qnirements of the statutes: NOTICE OF QUARTZ LODE LOCATION. ' Notice is hcrehy given. That I, , a citizen Of the United States, have discovered a vein of rock in place, carrying gold, silver, copper, aud other valuable deposits, upon which I have erected a discovery monu- ment and posted this notice, as hereinafter set forth; that in accordance with the provision of Chapter 6, Title .32 of the Revised Statutes of the United States aud the laws of the State of California. I hereby claim fifteen hundred linear feet of said vein, measured thereon as hereinafter set forth. Said discovery was made on the day of 19 Immediately upon making the same, and on the day of , 19 I erected at the point of discovery, a substantial monument, consisting of a mound of rocks and , and posted theron this notice. The * general course of said vein is and I claim in length thereon feet and feet from said discovery monument. I also claim three hundred feet on each side of the center of the vein. This vein or claim shall be known as and called the It is situated in Mining District, and in t Sec. , Tp. , R. , B. and M., in County. California, and the discovery monument being placed about § from That the following is a description of said location as marked on the ground : .t commencing at the of said claim, a , from which initial point the discovery monument is dis- tant about feet in a direction ; thence || Dated and posted on the ground, this day of , 19 Witness Locator. *Make thi.s description in accordance with the facts, a.s "The general course of said vein is north and soutli. I claim in length thereon 500 feet north and 1,000 feet south from said discovery monument." tif the claim is upon surveyed land, give the section, township and range, if pos- sible. This is not required l^y law. but makes a much better description. SHere refer to some natural object or permanent monument so as to identify the locality of the claim, in compliance with section 2324, Revised Statutes U. S. A road, house, tree, known mountain or peak, government corner, mill, or known mining claim, are such objects or monuments. As, "About one mile directly east from John Doe's quartz mill and 400 rods west from the Last Hope mine," etc. JHere state : "Commencing at the N. E. corner of said claim, a mound of rocks 4 ft. high." or at any other corner or point in the boundary ; give the distance and direction from this initial monument to the discovery monument, and then locate the discovery with reference to some natur.al object or permanent monument. II Here follows a description of the claim from the initial monument. For instance: "Thence 60 ft. northwesterly to the N. "W. corner of said claim, at which point is a mound of rocks 2J ft. high, marked so-and-so, (if marked) ; thence 1,500 ft. south- westerly to the S. "W. corner of .said claim, being a niound of rocks," etc. ; so going aiound the claim to the point of beginning. 384 MIXlCliAL JXl)rS'l-UY 01" CAl.lFOltXrA. NOTICE OF LOCATION OF PLACER CLAIM. ]\^oticc is Itereby given. That citizen of the United States, h this day of , 19 discovered a valuable placer deposit within the limits of this claim; that by A-irtue of said discovery, ha located, and hereby locate and claim the followins' described land, situate in Mining District, County. California, to wit: * of section Township , Ranse B. and M.. containing acres. t Said claim is hereby named Placer Claim. Said claim is marked upon the ground as follows: i This notice is posted on a mound of rocks at the point of discoverj% situated § Dated and posted on the ground, this day of 1!) FiOcator. *The statute provides tliat the locator must give "a description of tlio claim by reference to legal subdivisions of sections, if the location is made in conformity with tlie public surveys ; otherwise a description with reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim." tWhen not described by legal subdivisions, the description should conform to that contained in the final certificate of location of a lode claim. JThe statute provides that, whether described by legal subdivisions or not, the location shall be marked by the locator on the ground, and as the affidavit to be filed later is not required to contain a description of the claim, we think this notice should state how the location is marked ; as for instance, "At the N. E. corner of said tract a mound of rocks 3 ft. high, marked so-and-so (if marked), and at the N. W. corner a stake in a mound of rocks, marked," etc., and so on for each monument enclosing the claim. §Here state where the discovery Is located, as, for instance, "20 ft. S. W. of the N. E. corner monument." A duplicate of tViis notice must be filed for record with tVie county recorder within thirty days from the discovery ; and the locator is allowed thirty days to mark his location on the ground. The foregoing form of placer notice may be used for location of all deposits wliich pre classed under placer laws. STATISTICS OF AN'NUAL PRODIJO'J'ION. 135 APPENDIX. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Publications of this Bureau will bo sent on I'eceipt of the requisite amount. Only stamps, coin or money orders will be accepted in payment. Money orders should be made payable to the State Mining Bureau. J'crxoiiiil chci-lcs irill not he accepted. REPORTS. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. *Report I. Henry G. Hanks. 1880. ^Report II. Henry G. Hanks. 1882. ♦Report III. Henry G. Hanks. 1883. *Repon IV. Henry G. Hanks. 1884. *Report V. Henry G. Hanks. 1885. •Report VI— Parti. Henry G. Hanks. 1886. *Report VI— Part 2. Win. Irelan, .Jr. 1886. *Report VII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1887. 'Report VIII. Wm. IreJan, Jr. 1888. ♦Report IX. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1889. ♦Report X. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1890. Price. Report XI. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1S92. ("First biennial.) $1.00 ♦Report XII. J. J. Crawford. 1894. (Second biennial.) ♦Report XIII. J. J. Crawford. 1896. (Third biennial.) BULLETINS. Price. ♦Bulletin 1. Desiceatod Human Remains.— Winslow Anderson. 1888 'Bulletin 2. Metliods of Mine Timbering.— W. H. Storms. 1894 ♦Bulletin 3. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of Cali- fornia.— W. L. Watts. 1894 ♦Bulletin 4. Catalogue of California Fossils (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5).— J. G. Cooper. 1894-_ ♦Bulletin 5. The Cyanide Process: Its Practical Application and Economical Results.— A. Scheidel. 1894 Bulletin fi. California Gold Mill Practices.— E. B. Preston. 189."> $.50 ♦Bulletin 7. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1894.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) ♦Bulletin 8. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1895. — Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) Bulletin 9. Mine Drainage, Pumps, etc.— Hans C. Behr. 1896 .60 ♦Bulletin 10. A Bibliography Relating to the Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources of California.— A. W. Vodges. 1896 ♦Bulletin 11. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of Los Angeles, Ventura, and Santa Barbara Counties.— W. L. Watts. 1896 ♦Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1886.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) ♦Bulletin 13. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1897. — Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) ♦Bulletin 14. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1898.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) Bulletin 1;). Map of r)ii City Oil Fields, Fresno County.— J. H. Means ♦Bulletin 16. The Genesis of Petroleum and Asphaltum in California.— A. S. Cooper. 1899 ♦Bulletin 17. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1899.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) ♦Bulletin 18. The Mother Lode Region of California.— W. H. Storms. 1900 'Bulletin 19. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California.— W. L. Watts. 1900 _ ♦Bulletin 20. Synopsis of Reports of State Mining Bureau.— W. L. Watts. 1900 ♦Bulletin 21. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1900.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheet) ♦Bulletin 22. Mineral Production of California for Fourteen Tears. — Chas. G. Tale. 1900. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin. Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District.- Stephen Bowers. 1901 Bulletin 23. The Copper Resources of California.— P. C. DuBois, F. M. Anderson. J. H. Tibbits, and G. A. Tweedy. 19C2 J ..'50 ♦Bulletin 24. The Saline Deposits of California.— G. E. Bailey. 1902 ♦Bulletin 25. Mimral Production of California, by Counties, 1901.— Chas. G. Tale. (Tabu- lated sheoti 136 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BU REAU— Continued. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. 'Bulletin 26. Mineral Production of California for Fifteen Tears.— Chas. G. Yale. 1901. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 27. The Quicksilver Resources of California.— Wm. Porstner. ]!)(»3 $.75 •Bulletin 28. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1902.— ("has. Ci. Yale. (Tabu- lated sheet) •Bulletin 29. Mineral Production of California for Sixteen Y'ears.— Chas. G. Yale. 1902. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 30. A Bibliography of Geology, Paheontology, and Mineral Resources of Cali- fornia.— A. W. Vodges. 1903 Bulletin 31. Chemical Analyses of California Petroleum. — H. X. Cooper. 1903. (Tabu- lated sheet) ___ Bulletin 32. Production and Use of Petroleum in California.— P. W. Prutzman. 1904 .25 •Bulletin 33. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1903.— Chas. G. Yale. (Tabu- lated sheet) •Bulletin 34. Mineral Prochiction of California for Seventeen Years.— Chas. G. Yale. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 35. Mines and Minerals of California for 1903.- Chas. G. Yale. 1004. (Statis- tical) •Bulletin 36. (Jold Dredging in California.-.T. E. Doohttle. 1905.. Bulletin 37. Crems, .Jewelers' Materials, and Ornamental Stones of California.— (George F. Kunz. 1905: First edition (without colored plates) .25 Second edition (with colored plates) .50 •Bulletin 38. The Structural and Industrial Materials of California.— Wm. Porstner, T. C. Hopkins, C. Naramore. L. H. Eddy. 1906 •Bulletin 39. Mineral Production of California, by (i'ounties, 1904.— Chas. G. Yale. (Tabu- lated sheet) •Bulletin 40. Mineral Production of California for Eighteen Y'ears.- Chas. G. Y'ale. 1904. (Tabulated sheet) 'Bulletin 41. Mines and Minerals of California for 1904.— Chas. (i. Yale. (Statistical) •Bulletin 42. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1905.— (^has. G. Yale. (Tabu- lated sheet) •Bulletin 43. Mineral Production of California for Nineteen Years.- Chas. (t. Yale. 1905. (Taliulated slieet) •Bulletin 44. Mines and Minerals of California for 1905.— Chas. G.Yale. (Statistical) •Bulletin 45. Auriferous Black Sands of California. — -T. A. j;dman. 1907 Bulletin 46. General Index to Publications of the State Mining Bureau.— Compiled by Chas. (4. Yale. 1907 30 •Bulletin 47. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1906.— Clias. G. Yale. (Tabu- lated sheet) •Bulletin 48. Mineral Production of (California for Twenty Y'ears. — Chas. G. Y'alc. 1906. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 49. Mines and Minerals of California for 1906.— Chas. G. Yale. (Statistical) Bulletin .50. The Copper Resources of California. — A. Hausmann, J. Kruttschnitt, Jr., W. E. Thorne, .J. A. Edman. 190S 1.00 •Bulletin 51. Mineral Production of California, by Coimties, 1907.— D. H. Walker, Statis- tician. (Tabulated sheet) ■■Bulletin ."i^. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-one Years. — D. H. Walker, Statistician. 1907. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 53. Mineral Productions of California for 1907, with County Maps.— D. H. Walker, Statistician. 1908. (Statistical) •Bulletin 54. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1908.- D. H. Walker, Statis- tician. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin .55. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-two Y'ears. — D. H. Walker, Statistician. 1908. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 56. Mineral Productions for 1908, County Maps, and Mining Laws of California.— J). H. Walker. 1900. (Statistical) Bulletin 57. Gold Dredging in California.— W. B. Winston, Charles -lanin. 1910 1..50 '•(xold l>ie(Iging in California"; bound 2.00 •Bulletin 58. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1909.— D. H. Walker, Statis- tician. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 59. Mineral Production of (California for Twenty-three Years. — D. H. Walker, Statistician. 1909. (Tabulated sheet) •Bulletin 60. Mineral Productions for 1909, County Maps, and Mining Laws of California. — D. H. Walker. 1910. (Statistical) Bulletin fil. Jlin'Mal Production of California, by Counties, for 1910.— D. H. Walker, Statistician. (Tabulated sheet) STATISTICS OF AXN-UAL PRODUCTION. 187 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BU REAU— Continued. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Piiec. Bulletin 62. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-four Years. —I). H. Walker, ■Statistician. liJU). (Tabulated .sheet) Bulletin 63. Petroleum Development in Southern California.— P. W. Prutznian. 1912 *1..')0 Bulletin 64. Mineral Production for Kill.— K. S. Boalich, Statistician, 1912 Bulletin 6.5. Mineral Production for 1912.— E. S. Boalich, Statistician, 1913 Bulletin 66. Mining Laws, United States and California, 1914 Bulletin67. Minerals of California.— A. S. Eakle. 1914 1.00 Bulletin 68. Mineral Production for 1913.— E. S. Boalich. 1014 REGISTERS OF MINES WITH MAPS. Amador County .: Y^": v <-/, ,-^ A d RELIEF MAP OF CALIFORNll Issued Dy the CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUR F. McN. HAMILTON State Mineralogist V n ^^ --M 'Vi ^^ % r. '^ ^ > ^ \ o LU fA ,,rrc ocsA^ O N 'erf F/necree^ UJ SIERRA V u • MODOC n ^ i I \ '^\ Cop/ey 10—32524 «? lU H Z D O o (0 < D _l Q. O z < UJ H Z) m < I- V) < w I N or 111 h- I- (A o p Q < < 5 N 9 f \ u z 0. J < / z^ A ^ \ in \ i V *J Q ^ ^ V. 0- VI vo v V ^ k li: "0 >- z r- y — ^---1 O z o r /< \ z-^ z D O o o Q. ta o w D _l Z < 53 z-< ^ o > ^ 1 '^,*' I. ■1; /' 7 ^' ' a_ V -1 / «. ^ L V ^ >■ s ^ / r> ? ? *T ^ / r C •J- 1