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The Hunters of Euboea
S^=3ti
DION CHRYSOSTOM
THE HUNTERS OF EUBOEA
WITH NOTES BY
WILLIAM K. PRENTICE
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
Experiens non Dianam magis vi07itibus quam
Minervam inerrare.
PLiNr, Ep. I. 6.
: o^i i .'.
Boston
ALLYN AND BACON
1897
Copyright, 1897, by
WILLIAM K. PEENTICE
■t • * •
Norlviooti ^vrss
J. S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith
Norwood Mass. U.S.A.
INTRODUCTION
The text here presented is a part of Oration VII.
of Dion Chrysostom, on the miseries of city life.
The formal discussion of this theme is confined
to the second half of the oration, and has been
omitted from this book. There remains the story
of the hunters of Euboea, used by the orator to
introduce the subsequent argument, and yet in-
tended to be, like Hogarth's paintings, an argument
in itself.
Dion, the son of Pasicrates, was born in Prusa
of Bithynia, about the year 40 a.d. The Emperor
Cocceius Nerva honored him with the name of
Cocceianus; his admirers called him Chrysostom,
or Golden-mouthed, distinguishing him from his
grandson Dion Cassius, the historian. His parents
were of the noblest families in Prusa, and not only
gave him a careful education, but secured for him
a prominent position when he became of age.
Perhaps he was too" impetuous or too sharp-tongued,
for he soon drew upon himself the disfavor of his
ill
411490
iv INTRODUCTION
fellow-townsmen. He felt obliged to leave home,
and settled for a time in Egypt, and afterwards,
during the reign of Vespasian or of Titus, in Rome,
where he became intimate with the members of the
royal household.^
Dion was exiled by Domitian. At the beginning
of Oration XII. he says : " It was my misfortune
to be banished for my reputed friendship with a
man ^ who was no scoundrel, but was rich and akin
to the emperor, and lost his life on that account."
After the death of Domitian he was recalled to
court by Nerva, who was his personal friend. Trajan
admired him also, and once, riding with the orator
in the emperor's chariot, said to him : " I do not
know what you say; but I love you as myself." ^
In his old age Dion returned to his native town of
Prusa, for which he had already obtained many bene-
fits through his influence at the capital, and there
he seems to have lived until his death about 117 a.d.
In his exile Dion travelled widely, disguising him-
self in a beggar's dress, his only baggage two books,
Plato's Phaedo and Demosthenes' Oration on the Em-
bassy; and collected on his travels much of the ma-
1 Arno Breitung : Das Lehen des Die Chrysostomus,
Progr. Gebweiler, 1887.
2 Probably Flavius Sabinus, who was killed in 82 a.d.
8 Philostratus.
INTRODUCTION
terials for his later works. For he was a rhetorician
by profession, and, like Cleombrotus the Spartan,
" collected history as the material for philosophy, the
end of which is ' theology,' as he called it." Seventy-
nuie of these works are extant. They are called
orations : they are rather lectures, on travel, on
mythology, on literary and artistic criticism, on
ethics, and on religion.^ Some, like the Praise of
the Gnat, and the Proof that Troy was never Cap-
tured, betray the sophist in him. But later in his
life he forswore sophistry and avowed himself a
philosopher, an eclectic like most of his contem-
poraries, but inclining towards the school of the
Cynics,2 as his orations on Diogenes show. Finally
he was a moralist, a " lay preacher " as he has been
called, and harangued, in the various cities to which
he came, against the vices and follies of the age.
In this last-mentioned role Dion wrote Oration
VII. He seems to address himself particularly to
the Greeks, whose cu'cumstances were very different
from those of their ancestors in the . classical period.
Greece was now only a Roman province. Its popu-
lation was vastly diminished because of the multi-
tudes who had gone to build the new cities founded
1 Paul Hagen : Quaestiones Dioneae, Diss. Kiel, 1887.
2 Ernest Weber: De Dione Chrysostomo Cynicorum
Sectatore, Diss. Leipzig, 1887.
VI INTRODUCTION
by Alexander and his successors, and because of the
desolating civil wars which followed the breaking
up of the Macedonian empire. Enormous fortunes
had been made in the East; while those who had
remained at home were impoverished. Money was
concentrated in the hands of a few. A total change
of manners ensued: the rich became luxurious, the
poor hardened, and the sharpest lines between classes
were drawn. The rich were forced to bear the bur-
dens of the government and to subsidize the poor
in order to keep them in check. Election to office
meant misfortune if not ruin. On the other hand,
the common people, dependent on these subsidies,
had become idle, restless, and greedy. So far as
self-government was allowed to the Greek cities, the
proletariat ruled, under the leadership of unscrupu-
lous demagogues. Lastly, the population was massed
in the cities. This was perhaps the greatest evil
of all, and has become notorious in our own time.
It led to two immediate results, — the blighting of
the country districts and the congestion of city life.
These evils, discussed in the remainder of the
piece, are mirrored in our story. No one believes that
the story is an account of facts, although its author
begins with what Mr. Mahaffy calls " the traditional
falsehood of all good story-tellers, that the thing
actually happened to himself." Some of his charac-
INTRODUCTION vil
ters are idealized, aud the contrasts which he dra\Y3
are certainly extreme. But if his hunters are less
true to life than the shepherds of Theocritus, they
are not less entertaining, although created with a
nobler purpose than to entertain the idlers of an
idle court; and the scenes described give a fair
impression of certain characteristics of that age,
corresponding very nearly to what may be learned
from Plutarch and the journeys of St. Paul.
In the main the author's narrative is easily
understood. His style is simple and direct. With
the so-called Atticists he sought to revive the classic
standard of language. His words are used com-
monly in their classical signification, while idioms
peculiar to post-classical Greek are to a large degree
avoided. The middle voice, the optative mood, the
negative ov, and even the dual, are employed. Wil-
helm Christ, in his History of Greek Literature, gives
this criticism: "Dion was not accounted by Philos-
tratus and the critics of sophistry among the first
great lights of sophistical eloquence ; he lacked their
brilliant phrases; he had too much philosophical
intent and unadorned fidelity to nature. Yet as a
stylist he is not to be despised ; he took as his model
the clear simplicity of Xenophon, and realized this
happily in the stories and fables which are intro-
duced into his works."
viii INTRODUCTION
The aim of this little book has been to make a
very charming bit of Greek prose ^ accessible to
those who may have the opportunity to wander a
little from the ordinary track of classical studies.
Inasmuch as such reading is likely to be in the
nature of an extra course, the effort has been made
to present the Greek in the simplest form possible.
In the main the text is that of J. von Arnim, Berlin,
1893-96. The editions of Reiske, Leipzig, 1798, and
Morel, containing the scholia of Casaubon and the
Latin translation of Nageorgus (Kirchmaier), Paris, J \
1601, as well as Geel's edition of Oration XII.,
Leyden, 1840, and the German translation of this
piece by Golisch (Programm), Schweidnitz, 1883, have
also been of service. My indebtedness to the works
mentioned on page 32 may be estimated from the
frequency of the references to them in the notes.
Exceptions which have been taken to von Arnim's
text have been chiefly by way of closer adherence
to the manuscripts themselves, and all important
differences have been mentioned. Explanations of
the difficulties and allusions of the text, together
with the meanings of unusual words, have been
given, and examples of Dion's Atticism noticed.
Lastly, in matters of syntax, very full grammatical
references have been furnished.
1 American Journal of Philology, Vol. XIV., p. 521 f.
INTRODUCTION ix
Three books deserve especial mention to the stu-
dents of Dion Chrysostom. These are J. P. Mahaffy:
The Greek World under Roman Sway, London, 1890;
Erwin Rohde : Der Griechische Roman und seine
Vorldufer, Leipzig, 1876 ; and Wilhelm Schmid : Der
Atticis7nus in seinen Hauptvertretern von Dionysius von
Halikarnass his auf den zweiten Philostratus, Stuttgart,
1887-96.
Finally, I wish to express my thanks to Professor
S. R. Winans, at whose suggestion this work was
undertaken, and by whose advice it has profited
throughout.
W. K. P.
Princeton, N.J., March, 1897.
CHAPTER I
THE SHIPWRECK
Dio7i apologizes for telling of a personal experience.
TOAE firjv avm IScov, ov Trap' erepav aKOvaa^^
BiTjy^o-o/JLai. Laco'^ yap ov jjlovov TrpecrfivrtKov
TroXvXoyia Kal to /jirjSeva BtcoOelo-Oai paSico^
tS)v ifjLTnTTTovTayv Xoycov, Trpo? Se rw irpeo-fBv-
TLKcp Tvyov av elrj Kal aXrjTiicov. atriov Be, 5
oTt TToWa Tvypv aiK^orepoi ireTrovOaaiv, wv
ovK ar}Bco<^ /jbefivrjVTai. ipo) B' ovv o'lol^ av-
BpdaL Kal oVTLva ^lov fwcrt (TVPejSaXov iv fxear]
a')(eB6v Tt TT) 'EXXaSt.
Dion is wrecked on the coast of Euhcea. The crew go off
by themselves, and he is left alone.
*YiTv>y')(avov jxev airo ^lov TrepaLov/jLevo'; fxerd 10
TLVcov dXtecov e^co tt)? depivrj^ wpa^ iv puKpw
TravreXm aKariw. 'xeijioivo^ Be yevofievov ')(^a-
XeTTCo? Kal fJLoXi^; BieadiOrj^iev irpo^ rd KolXa tt)?
EuySoia? • TO fjiev Brj aKdriov ek rpax^ nva
alytaXov vtto toI<; Kpr)pLVoh eKpaX6vTe<^ Bte- 15
AltWOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
(l>6eipav^ avTol 8e arre'xaipricrav irpo^ TLva<; irop-
(f>vp€l<i v(f)opiJLOVvra'; eTrl rfj 7rXr)aiov XV^V"*
KaK€iVOi<i avvepyd^eadac Sievoovvro avTOV yce-
vovT€<}. /caraXeLcjyOeh Brj fiovo^^ ovk e^o^v ek
5 Tiva ttoXlv crcodrjao/JLaL^ irapa rrjv OdXarrav
aXXft)? i'7r\avco/Ji7]V^ et ttov Ttva<; rj irapairXe-
ovTa<; rj opjiovvra^ lBoi/jll.
He finds a deer at the foot of the cliff. Sooii a hunter
appears on the scene.
lIpoe\r)\v6a}<i Be (tv^vov avdpcoircov fxev ovhe-
va eaypcov • eVtrf 7%az^ft) Be iXd^cp vecoarl icara
10 Tov KpijfjLVOv TTeTTTWKOTL TTap avTr]V TTjv pu^^av,
VTTO T(OV fCV/JLClTCOV TTaLOfieVM^ (f)V(TCt)VTi €Tt. Kol
/jL6t oXiyov eBo^a v\aKr]<^ a/covcrai kvvmv dvco-
6ev /jloXl^; tto)? Bta tov yx^v tov cltto tt)? OoXclt-
TTj^. TrpoeXOwv Be /cal irpo^a^; irdvv ;j^aXe7rw?
15 7r/30? Tt v-yjrrjXbv tov<; re fcvva<; opo) '^TroprjfJLevov;
ical BiaOeovTa^, v(f) wv ettca^ov airo^iaaOev to
^(pov aXeaOai /caTa tov Kprfpivov^ kol peT oXi-
yov avBpa^ KVvi]yeTr)V airo Trj<; oyjreco'i fcal r?}?
CTToXrj^, TCL yeveta vyLrj^ Kop.o)VTa ov (j)avX(o<;
20 ovBe ayevv(o<; e^oirtcrOev, o'iOV<^ eirl "IXtov "O/jltj-
p6<; <j>7]aLV iXOelv JLv0o€a<;., o-fcayirTcov., ifjLol Bo-
Kelv, Kol KaTayeXcov, otl tCov dXXcov 'A^atwz^
KTNHrOS
KaXco^ ixovTCOV ol he ef r^jjiiaov^ e/cofxcov. koX
09 avjjpcora fie, 'A\X' ?}, w ^elve, rrjhe irov
(f)6vyovTa eXa(f)OV Karevorjaa^ ; fcaycb tt/jo? av-
TOP, 'E/cetz^o?, e(f)y]i', ev rep fcXvhcovc jjhi] • Kal
ayaycov eSet^a. eXicvcra^ ovv avrov e'/c tt)? 5
OaXdrrrj^ to re hepfxa e^eSeLpe (xaxa^pct^ KUfiov
^vXXafi^dvovTO<^ ocrov olo'^ re -qv, Kal rcov aKeXoiv
aTTOTefJLoov ra oTrlaOta i/cofju^ev dfia rw hepfxarL.
The hunter invites Dion to his house.
UapeKciXei he Kafie cjvvaKoXovOelv Kal avve-
aTLaaOac tmv Kpecov elvat he ou /xaKpav rrjv lO
oiKrjcnv. "ETretra ecodev Trap' rjfjilv, ecfyrj, KOLp,rj-
OeU ^fet? iirl rrjv OdXarrav, w? rd ye vvv ovk
earc irXoiiia. Kal per) touto, etTre, (fyo/S-qdrj^.
l3ovXoLpL7]V 8' av eycoye Kal fierd irevre rj/xepa^
Xrj^aL Tov dvefJLOV • aXX' ou pdhiov, elirev, orav 15
ovTco<; iTiecrOrj rd aKpa Tr}<; Evfioia^ vtto tcov
ve<j)(ov oj? ye vvv KareLXTj/JLfjieva 6pa<^. Kal dfxa
rjpcora fJLe oiroOev hr) Kal otto)? eKel KaTT)vexOr)v,
Kal el fJLT) htecpOdpr] to irXolov. MiKpbv rjv
Trai^reXw?, e(t)r)V, dXiecov nvcjv TrepaLov/xevcov, 20
Kayci) fjLovo^; ^vveirXeov vrro crTTOf S?)? Tivo<;. hte-
(f)ddpr] h' 6p.a)^ eirl ti)v yrjv eKTreaov. Ovkovv
pdhiov, e(j)ri, dXXco^ • opa yap m dypta Kal
AlfiNOS TOT XPTS02T0M0T
(jKXrjpa T?5? vr)(TOV ra tt/oo? to ireXayo^. TaOr',
elirev^ earl ra KolXa t?)? ^v^oia'^ Xeyo/xeva,
OTTOV Kareve^^delaa vav<^ ovk av en acoOeLrj •
(TTravLco^ Se aw^ovrat /cat roiv avOpdnrcov rii^e?,
5 el fJLT) apa^ (oairep vfxel^^ eXa^pol iravreXoi^
7rX€0VT€<;. aXX^ Wi koI fjujBev Beicry^;. vvv fxev
i/c tt)? KaKOiraOeia^ avaKT'^ar) aavrov eh avpiov
Se, o Ti av fj Svvarov^ iirLfieXr^aofieda o7r(o^
a(odfj<;^ eireihri ae eyvcoiiev aira^. BokeU Be
10 /jioi T(bv aaTLKwv elvai rt?, ov vavrr]^ ovB"
epydrrjf;^ dXXa dXXrjv rivd daOeveiav rov aco-
fiarof; daOevelv eoLKa<; diro tt}^ la')(v6Tr)T0<^.
And Dion accepts witliout apprehension, for he has found
that poverty is a good passjmrt.
'E7W Be d(Tfievo<; r]KoXov6ovv • ov yap ein^ov-
XevOrjvai irore eBeiaa^ ovBev e'xfov rj (j)avXov
15 IfjbcLTLov. Kal TToXXaKLf; iJLev Br) Kal dXXore
eireipdOrjv ev rot? TotovTOi<; KatpoU, are ev dXrj
avve')(el^ drdp ovv Brj Kal t6t€ (09 eaTi nrevia
')(^priiJLa Tft) ovTL lepov Kal davXov^ Kal ovBel<;
dBiKei, TToXv <ye rjTTOV r) tou<; rd KrjpvKeca
20 €XOVTa<; ' ft)9 Brj Kal Tore OappSiV eiTrofirjv. rjv
Be (T')(eB6v Ti irepl rerTapdKovra ardBta tt/jo?
TO ')((t)piOV.
KTNHrOS
CHAPTER II
THE HUNTER'S STORY
As they walk to the house the hunter talks to Dion about
himself; his one neighbor^ loho is his brother-in-loM ;
their parents^ and the circumstances of their early life.
'fi? ovv €l3aSi^o/JL€v, Bujryelro (jlol Kara rrjv
oSov ra avTou TTpdy/jiara koI tov ^iov ov e^rj
jULera yvvatKo<i avrou koI Traihcov.
'H^et? 7a/o, e(^^, Bvo eV/xeV, &> feVe, tov
avTov oIkovvt€<; tottov. e^ofiev Be <yvvalKa<; 5
dWrjXcov dSeXcjydf; Koi iralBa^ ef avrcov viov<;
Kol Ovyarepa^. ^cofjiev Be airo 6r)pa<^ w? to
TTOiXv^ /JLtKpOV Ti T?)? 7^9 i7r€pya^6/J,€VOl. TO
rydp ')((opiov ovK, e<JTLV rjixeTepov^ ovTe iraTpwov
ovT€ 7]IjL6l<^ eKTTjcrdfjLeda^ dWd rjaav ol iraTepe'^ lo
rjfjLOiV iXevOepot fxev^ 7rev7]Te<; Be oi);^ t/ttov tj^jloov,
fjLio-Oov /SovKoXoi^ /8o{}<? ve/jL0VT6^ dvBpo(; fJiaKapLov
TO)V ivOevBe tivo<^ ek tt)? vrjaou, TroWa? /mev
dy€Xa<; kol lttttcov /cat ^oo)V /c€KTr]fjLevov, iroX-
\a? Be TToZ/ii^a?, KaXov<; Be koi ttoXXov; aypov<;, 15
TToXXd Be aXXa 'y^prjfiaTa^ ^vfXTravTa Be TavTa
TCL opr). ov Br) d7rodav6vTO<i koi Tr](; ovcrla<i
BrjixevdeidT)^ (^(paal Be koi avTov diroXeadai Btd
6 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
ra ')(^p7]fjLaTa viro rov /SacrtXeco^^ rrjv fxev dyeXrjv
€vdv<; cLTnjXaaav^ wcrre KaraKoyjraL^ tt/oo? Be rfj
dyeXrj koX ra y/jtirepa drra /SolBta, Koi rbv
/jllctuop OL/oet? aTTOoeocoKev. rore fiev or) e^
5 avdyKTj^; avTov KarefieLvafiev^ ovirep iTV')(^o/ji€V
ra? ySov? exovT€<: Kal riva^ (TKr)vd<; irGiroirjfxevoL
Kal av\r)v Bed ^vXcov ov fiejdXrjv ovBk lor'xypdv^
ix6(7')((tyv eveKev^ (W9 dv olfjuac Trpo? avro irov to
Oepo<i. Tov fJLev yap ')(eLfJb(i)vo<^ iv toI<; TreSt'ot?
10 ive/jio/jL€V<f vofjL7)v iKavrjv e^ovTef; teal iroXvv '^cXbv
diroKelp^evov • tov Be depov^ dir'qXavvoixev eh Ta
oprj. ixaXidTa B' ev tovtw tuj totto) aTadfiov
eiroiovvTo.
The farm.
To re yap ')((opLov diroppvTov eKaTepcodev^
15 (f)dpay^ ^aOela Kal crvaiao^^ koi Bid fieaov
TTOTafjLOf; ov Tpa'^v^;^ dX'X! co? paaTO^ ifJLjSrjvai
Kal ^ovctI Kal ix6(T')(0L<i^ TO Be vBcop ttoXv Kal
KaOapov^ are t^)? 7r7]yrj<; eYYU? dvaBiBovaT]^;,^ Kal
TTvevfJLa TOV Oepov^ del Btairveov Bed Trj(; (pdpay-
20 70? • oIl Te irepLKelfxevoL Bpv/iol iiaXaKol koI
KaTappVTOL^ rfKLara /xev olarpov Tpi^ovTe^^
rjKKTTa Be dXXrjv Tivd /3Xd/3r]v ^ovctL iroXXol
Be Kal irdyKaXoi Xec/xa)ve<; viro vyjnjXolfi Te Kal
KTNHrOS
dpaLoh BevSpeacv avetpLevoi^ kol irdvra f^eara
^ordvT]^ 6v0a\ov<; Bt 6\ov rod Oepov^^ Mare fxr]
iroXvv ifKavdaBaL tottov. mv Stj eveKa (Tvvrjdco^
CKel KadiCTTaaav rrjv d'yekrjv.
A farmer'' s life — in summer.
Kat Tore e^eivav iv rah (TK7]vah^ /^e%pt dv 5
€vp(00-c fMLaOov TLva rj epyov, koI hLerpd(^r](Tav
airo ^(oplov /jLLfcpov TravreXm, o erv^ov elp-
yacr/JLevot TrXyaiov rod (jradfiov ' rovro re
eirripKeaev avrol^ iKav(o<;^ are Koirpov iroWrjf;
ivov(7r)<;. Kol (T^^oXrjv dyovTC^ diro tmv /Sowv 10
Trpo? 6y]pav erpdirrjcrav^ to fxev avrol, to Be
KOL fierd Kvvojv. Bvo yap tmv eirofxevwv rat?
^ovaLV, (09 Brj fxaKpdv rjcrav ovy^ 6po)VT€<; Tov<i
vo/jLel<;<, vTrecTTpeyjrav eVl tov tottov KaToXi-
TTOVTe^ TTjv dyeXtjv. ovtol to pblv irpooTou 15
crvvrjKoXovdovv avTol<i, coarrep eir dXXo tl • Kai
Tovf; fiev XvKOV<; owoTe 'tBocev, iBlcoKov fJ^e^pi'
Tiv6<;, avcov Be rj eXdcfxov ovBev avTol<; e/xeXev.
el Be TTore iBocev tcov dvdpcoTrcov Tiva oyjre koI
irpcp^ avvKTTd/jLevoL vXaKTOVV re koI rjfjLvvov, 20
wairep dv el Trpo? dvdpwirov ep^d^ovTO. yevo-
fievoL Be TOV aLfJLaTO<; koX avcov Kal iXd(f)(ov koX
Tojv Kpecov 7roXXdKi<; €cr6L0VTe^, o-v/re fieTa/Mav-
8 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
6dvovTe<; Kpeaatv dvrl fJLd^7j<^ rjhea-Qai^ t6)V fiev
ifiTTOfiTrXd/JievoL^ €c nrore aXoiij rt, ottote Be fi^,
7reLvo)vre<s^ fidWov 1)^7] rco tolovto) irpoaeZ^ov^
KOI TO <j>aiv6fJLevov iBtoofcov irdv Oyaoto)?, Kai
5 ocr/bLrjf; dfiyyeTrrj kol i^vov<; fjaddvoVTO^ Kav
aTreffrjaav dvrl (BovkoXwv tolovtoI TiV€<; os^ri-
ixadel^ fcal /SpaSvrepot drjpevTuL
— And in winter.
'K.eifXMVO'^ he iirekdovro'^ epyov [lev ovSev rjv
7r€(f)r]vo<; avTot^.^ ovre et? darv Kara^dcriv ohre
10 et9 Kcoatjv Tivd. (f^pa^d/jLevoi Be ra? CTKrjvd^i
iiT ifieXearepov koI ttjv avXrjv irvKVorepav ttolj]-
o-a^'re?, ovray^ hieyevovro^ koI to ')(wpLov i/celvo
irdv elpydcravro., Koi Tr)<; Srjpa^ 97 ')(^eL/JLepLvr)
pdcov iyiyvero. Ta yap tX^V ^civepwrepa^ co?
15 a z^ iv vypcp rw eSa^et o-rj/jLatvo/jLeva • ?; Be ^twz^
Kal Trdvv TrjXavyrj Trape^^L^ coare ovBev Bel
^r}TovvTa TTpdyfiaTa e^j^iv^ (ocrirep oBov ^epovcrr]^
eiT aura, Koi Ta drjpia /jidXXov tl vTrojievei
oKVovvTa ' ecTTi B^ eTi Kal Xay(o<; Kal BopKdBa<;
20 eV Tat9 €vval<; KaTaXafx/Sdvetv. ovt(o<; Brj to
diT eKeivov Bieixeivav^ ovBev €tl it poaBerjO eyre's
dXXov (3iov. Kal 7]fjLlv avvi^ev^av yvvalKa<i
Tol<; dXXrjXcov vieatv eKarepo^; T7]P avrov Ovya-
KTNHrOS
repa, reOvi^Kacn he d/jLcfiOTepot irepvai a^eSov,
ra fiev errj ttoWol \€yovT€<i a ^e^twKeaav^
Lcr-^vpol Be ere Koi veoc koI yevvaloi ra oroopiaTa.
TOdV he p^7]T€pC0V 7] epLr) TreplecTTLV.
CHAPTER III
THE TOWN MEETING
The hunter continues his story. — Once he received a visit
from the tax-collector, and was summoned to appear
in court.
O p,ev ovv 6Tepo<i rjpuMV ovBeTrcoTrore et? 5|
ttoXlv Karefir), TrevrrjKOvra err) yeyovo)^ • eyoo \
he hU fxovov^ aira^ puev en iraU puera tov |
irarpo^y oirrivlKa frrjv dyeXrjv etp^Oyttei/. varepov
he TJKe Tt9 dpyvpiov alrcov, coaTre p'e'^ovTci^ ri,
/ceXeixov dtcoXovOelv ek rrjv iroXtv. r]puv he lo
dpyvpiov puev ovk rjv^ d\X dirwpiocrdpLr^v puy
execv ' kl he p^rj^ hehcoKevat av. i^evlaapev he
avTov &)? ehvvdpLeOa KaWiara, koi hvo iXd<f)eLa
hepp^ara ehoi/capLev • Kdyco i^KoXovdrjaa et? t'^v
ttoXlv. kcpT) yap dvdyKrjv elvau tov erepov 16
iXdecv Koi hchd^ac irepl tovtcov.
10 AlfiNOS TOT XPT20ST0M0T
A countryman^s description of the town, the court-house,
and the court.
EZSoz^ ovv^ ola /cal Trporepov^ OLKia^; TroXXa?
j Koi /JL€yd\a<; Ka\ T6'1')(o^ e^codev Kaprepov, koI
? olKYjixard rtva v'^rfXa koI rerpdycova iv rw
rel'^ec (tov^; 7rvpyov<^^^ kol ifkola irdXXa op-
6 fjLovuTa axTirep iv Xl/jlvtj (iv T(p XtyueVt) Kara
TToWrjv rjav^iav. tovto Se ivOdSe ovk €<ttiv
ovBa/jLOV^ OTTOV KaT7]V6)(^9r)(; • kol Bta tovto al
vrje<; airoWuvTai,. TavTa ovv idopcov., fcal ttoXvv
o)(\ov iv TavTM avvetpy/xevov koi dopv^ov
10 d/jLij')(^avov fcal Kpavyrjv • wcrre ijJbol ihoKOVV
Trai/re? fJid^eaOai dWrjXoi^. ayei ovv fxe irpo^;
Tiva<; ap')(0VTa<;^ Kal elire ye\o)V^ Ovto<; iaTCV<,
e(f> ov fie €7r€f^yfraT6. e^ei oe ovoev et /jlt) ye
T7)V KOfxrjv Kal crfC7]vr}v jidXa LO")(vp(ov ^vXcov.
15 01 Be dp')(^ovTe(; et? to OeaTpov ifidBt^ov, Kayco
(Tvv avTOL<;. to Be OeaTpov idTiv coa-irep^ (pd-
pcLy^', kolXov, TrXrjv ov [xaKpov eKaTepoyOev^ dXXa
cTTpoyyvXov i^ rj/nLaovf;, ovk avTO/xaTOV.) dXX
^KoBo/ji7]/jLevov XldoL<;. tcrct)9 Be fiov KaTayeXa<;,
20 OTt aroL Biriyovfiai cra^w? elBoTL TavTa. rrpoiTOV
fjLev ovv TToXvv Ttva y^povov dXXa tlvcl eirpaTTev
6 6^Xo<;, Kal i^ocov iroTe [lev irpaw^ Kal IXapol
KTNHrOS 11
. — jc
7raz/T69, eiraivovvre'^ riva<i, irore he a(\>6hpa Kal
6pyiXco(;. r/v 8e tovto %a\e7roi^ to rrj^ 6p<yrj<; |
avTOiV ' Kal Tou? avOpoiTrov^ evdv^ i^eTrXrjTTOV |
oh dveKpayov oxrre ol fJLep avrwv TrepLTpixopre^ |
iBeovTo, 01 Se ra IfidrLa eppiTrrovv vtto toO 4
<f)6^ov. iyo) Se Kal avTO<; dira^ oXtyov Kare- |
Tveaov VTTO t% Kpavyr]^^ ioairep KXvhtDVO^ i^al- ^
<f)vr](i rj ^poiny)^ iirippayelaT]^. dXXoL Be nve^ |
dvOpcoTTOt Trapiovre^, ol 5' e'/c jxeawv dvLard- f
fievoi., BieXeyovTO tt/oo? to ttXt)^©?, ol fiev oXiya 10
p7]fjLaTa^ ol Be 7roXXov<; X6yov<;. Kal tmv fiev |
rjKOVov iroXvv nva y^povov^ toU Be i'x^aXeTratvov I
evdv^ (fydey^a/xepoL^ Kal ovBeypv^eLV eTrirpeirov. y
The trial. Argument for the prosecution : the hunters
have grown rich on public lands ; they pKiy no taxes;
to allow this icoulcl be to establish a bad precedent ;
they are probably bad characters; the defendant is
trying to deceive the people by appearing before them
dressed as if he were really poor. The hunter icas
badly frightened.
'Evrel Be KaOearaadv irore Kal i)avx^cL eye-
vero, iraprjyayov Kafxe. Kal elire tl<;., Ol'to? 15
ianv., o) dvBpe<;, twz^ KapirovfJLevwv rrjv Brjixoaiav
yy)v TToXXd err), ov pl6vo<; avro^;, dXXa Kai o
irarrjp avTOv Trporepov, Kal Karave/jLovac ra
12 AmNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
r)fi€T€pa oprj kol yecopyovai koI OrjpeuovaL Kai
oiKLa^; ivcpKoSofjiijKacrL TroWa? Kal afXTreXov^;
i/jLirecjiVTevKaaL Kal aXKa ttoWcl e^ovatv dyaOd-,
0VT6 TL/jLr)v KaTal3a\6vT€<; ovBevl Tr]<i 7% ovre
5 Bcopedv irapa rod Srjfiov XajSovre^;. virep rtVo?
yap dv Kal eka^ov ; e')(0VTe^ he rd rj/JLerepa Kal
7rXovTovpT€(; ovre XeiTOvpylav ircoTrore iXecrovp-
yrjaav ovhefilav ovre fiolpdv rtva vTToreXovaL
tS)v ytyvofJLevcov, dXX^ areXet? Kal dXeiTovpyrjTOL
10 hiareXovG-iV^ Mairep evepyerai r^? TroXeo)?.
ol/iai 8e, €(f)r}, /XTjBe iXrjXvOevaL irdnroTe avrovf;
ivOdSe. KdycD dvevevaa. 6 Be o^Xo<; eyeXacrev^
ft)? eJSe. Kal 6 Xeycov eKelvo'^ wpyiaOi) eirl tw
yeXcoTL, Kal fJLOL iXotBopelro. eTretra eTnarpi-
15 yjra^;, Et ovu, e(j)r], BoKec ravra ovtcd^^ ovk dv
(})6dvoL/jiev uTravref; rd KOLvd BiapirdaavTe^^^ 01
fiev rd '^pijjjLara rrj^; TroXeo)?, oicnrep afxeXei Kai
vvv iToiovai TLveg^ ol Be rrjv '^oopav KaraveL/jid-
fxevoL fir) ireiaavre'^ v/Jid'?^ edv eTnrpeyjnjre rolf;
20 6r}pL0L<; TOVTOi<; TrpoiKa eyjetv irXeov rj '^iXia
TrXedpa yrj<; tt}? dpt(7T7]<;^ odev vfilv ean Tpel<;
'^olvLKa<; 'Arrt/ca? alrov Xa/i^dveiv Kar dvBpa.
eyu) Be aKovaa'^ eyeXaaa ocrov iBvva/jirjv fxeyi-
arov. TO Be 'ttXtjOo'^ ovKer eyeXcov^ cocnrep
25 TTporepov, dXX' idopv/Sovv. 6 Be dvOpwrro'^ (0
KTNHrOS 13
e/jLe elirev^ 'Opare rrjv elpcovelav koX Tr)v v/Sptv
Tov Ka6dpiJLaT0<;^ &)<? KarayeXa irdvv 6paaeo)^ ;
ov drrdyeiv oXiyov Seco koI tov kolvwvov avrov.
TTVvddvopLat yap Svo elvai tol"? KOpV(j)aLov<; rcov 5
KaT€L\7](j)6T(ov diTacrav a^e^ov rrfv iv roU opeac
ycopav. ol/xai yap avroi)^ fjbrjSe tmv vavayicov
aireyeadat rwv e/cdarore iKTriTrrovrcov^ virep
avrdf; <T')(eh6v tl ra? K.a(f>7)plSa(; olKOvvra^;,
TToOev yap oi/rw? iroXvreXec^; dypoix;^ fxaXkov 10
he 6\a<; KcoijLa<; KarecTKevdaavTO Kal roaovrov
ttXtJ^o? /3o(T/C7]fjLdrcov /cal ^evyrj Kal dvhpdiroha ;
Kal v/jLeU Be tVo)? opdre avrov rrjv i^cofilSa eo?
(jyavXy^ Kal to Sepfia, o iXtjXvde Sevpo iva^jrafie-
vo<; tt}? vfJLeTepa'i eveKev a7rdT7]<i, w? TTTCo-^^^bfi is
BrfKovoTL Kal ovSev ex^^v. €700 fiev ydp^ ec/)^/,
^XeiTcov avTOV puKpov hehoiKa^ coo-irep ol/JLat tov
^avTrXiov opojv diro tov Kacprjpeco^; rjKOVTa.
Kal yap ot/xai irvpaeveiv avTov diro tmv aKpcov
T0t9 ifkeovaiv^ oirco'i eKTriiTTWcnv et9 Ta9 ire- 20
T/oa?.
TavTa Be eKelvov \eyQVT0<; Kal TToWa
Trpo? TOUTOi?, /JL6V o^Xof; rjypLOVTO ' e7ft> Be
rjiropovv Kal iBeBoLKeiv firi tl /xe epydacovTai
KaKov. 25
14 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
One of the citizens, however, took the hunter'' s part. His
argument : there is need of just such men to cultivate
the unused public land; proposal of an agrarian law
to cover such cases ; the first speaker himself is by no
means innocent; disastrous consequences of the policy
proposed by the first speaker ; settlement of the case in
hand proposed.
Hapekdoiv he aXko^ rt?, o)? icj^alvero^ iirieLKr)^
avOpwiro'i aiTO re rcov Xoycov ou? elire, koI cltto
Tov cr^T^/xaro?, Trpcjrov fJLev rj^tov aLCOTrrjaat to
irXTjOo^ • Kol icncoTrrjaav ' eTreira elire rfj (pcovfj
5 irpaco^ on ovhev ahiKOvatv ol rrjv apyrjv t%
ycsipa<; ipya^ofievoi Koi KaraaKevd^ovre'^^ aWa
TovvavTLOv eiraivov BiKaio)^ av Tvy')(^(ivoiev • koI
See jJL-q To2<; olfcoSo/JLOvai icaX ^vrevovcri rrjv
8}]/JLoaLav yrjv ^^aXeTTW? e;^eii^, a\Xa Tot? Kara-
10 (pdelpoucrtv. iirel koi vvv^ ecfyrj^ m avhpe^^
a')(eh6v TL TCL Svo fiepTj t?}? %ct>P«? VH'Cov opeivd
ean 8l apbeXeidv re /cal oXiyavOpwirlav. Kctyoy
TToWd K6KT7}/iai ifkeOpa^ coairep ot/xat koi
dWo<i Tt9, ov fiovov iv tol<; opecnv, dXka Kai
15 ev ToU 7reSLV0L<;, a et Ti? iOekoi yecopyetv., ov
fjLovov dv TTpOLKa SoLrjv, dXXd koX dpyvptov
rjBeco'i TTpoareXeo-aifii. Si]Xov yap co? efxot
irXeovo^ d^ia ylyverai, /cal afxa t)hv opafia
X^pci OLKOV/xevr) koi evepy6<; ' i) 3' eprjjxo^ ov
KTNHrOS 15
/jLovov dvcocf)e\e<; KTrj/xa rot? €)(^ovcrLV^ aWa koI
(T(f)oBpa iXeeivov re koI hvaTV^lav nva Karrj-
yopovv TCdv BeaTTOToyp. ware /xoi SoKel fxaWov
erepovi irporpeTreLV^ oaov<; av Svprjade rcov
ttoXltcov, ipyd^eaOac T>j? BrjfxoaLa^ yrjf; airo\a- 5
^6vTa<^^ rov^i fjiev d(j)op/ii]v nva e')(ovra<i irXeiw^
TOv<i Be Trez^T/ra?, oarjv dv eKuaro^ y BvvaT6<^^
Xva vfJLLv T) re %co/)a ivep<yo^ 17, koi tcov ttoXltcov
ol dekovre^ Bvo rchv /leyLarcov diriiWay fievoL
KaKwv^ dpyla^ koi irevia^, iirl BeKa fiev ovv 10
eTTj TrpoLKa e')(pvT(ov • ixerd Be tovtov top ')(^p6vov
Ta^d/jLevoL fiolpav oXiyijv irape-^ercoaav diro rcov
KapiTOiV^ diro Be rcov ^oa-KTjfjLarcov firjBev. idv
Be Tt? ^eVo9 yecopyfj, irevre errj koL ovtol /jL7]Bev
vTTOTeKovvTcov, varepov Be BiirXdaLov rj ol irokl- 15
rat. 09 Be dv e^epydaiirai rcov ^evcov BtaKocna
TrXeOpa, TroXirrjv avrov elvai^ 7va &>? TrXelaroL
SiCTLv ol TTpoOvpLOv/JLevoL. eTTel vvv ye koi tcl
TTpo Twz^ TTvXcov dypca iTavTeXco<; eari Kal
alcr^pd Seivco?, cocnrep ev eprjfiLa ry /SaOvrdrrj, 20
ov^ CO? Trpodcrretov ttoXco)? • rd Be ye evro'^
TeL')(^ov<; crTrelperat rd irXela-ra teal KaravefMerai.
ovKovv d^iov^ ^4^V^ OavfJbdaaL tmv pi^ropcov^ on
Tovf; fiev eirl too K.a<j)7]peL (^aXepyovvra^ ev rol^
ia^aroLf; rr}? FiV^oia<; avKoc^avrovai^ rov(; Be 25
16 AlfiNOS TOT XPTS02T0M0T
TO yv/jbvdcnov yecopyovvraf; /cal rifv ctfyopav Kara-
v€/jL0VTa<; ovSev ocovraL iroLelv heivov. /SXeTrere
yap avTol BijirovOev on to yvfjuvdcnov vjmv
dpovpav TreTTOLrjfcaaLV^ (ocrre rov WpaKXea kul
5 dXXovf; avhpidvTa<; crv)(yov<^ viro tov depov^
d7roK€KpV(f)0ai^ tov<; fxev rjpcocov, tou? Se Oecov •
Kol on Kaff* rj/iiepav rd tov py]Topo<i tovtov
irpo/SaTa ewOev eh ttjv dyopdv i/x^dXket Kai
KaTavefieTUL (ra) Trepl to ^ovXevTrjpiov koI Ta
10 cip^eta ' wcrre tov^; irpwTov eirihrnirjaavTai^ ^e-
i^ou? Tov<; jxev KaTayeXav tt)? TroXeo)?, tov^; Se
olKTeipeiv avTrjV. ttoXiv ovv TavTa dK0vaavTe<^
cDpyl^ovTO Trpo? eKelvov kol eOopv^ovv. koi
TOiaVTa TTOtCOV T0U9 TaXaL'JT(i)pOV<^ IhidiTa'^ OieTUL
15 Selv aTrayayecv, tva B7)Xov6ti /JiTjSeU ipyd^rjTai
TO XoLTTOV-f dXX^ 01 fiev €^a> XycrTevcocnv., ol o
ev Trj TToXei XcottoBvtcoo-lv. i/iol Se, e0?;, BoKel
TOVTov<; edv icpi* oI<; avTol ireTroLt^Kaaiv^ viroTe-
XovvTa<i TO XoLiTov oo-ov fxeTpLov^ irepl Be tmv
20 efJiirpoaOev irpoaoScov crvyyvoivai avT0L<;, otl
eprjfjLov Kol d)(peLov yewpyrjaavTe<; Tr)v yrjv KaTe-
Xd/BovTO. edv Be TL/jLr)v OeXwai KaTafiaXetv tov
')(^(opL0V^ diToBocrOai avTol<; eXdTTOvo^; i] dXXoL<;.
EiVoWo? Be avTov TOtavTU, irdXiv 6 e^ dp)(rj<i
25 efcelvof; dvTeXeye^ kol eXoiBopovvTO eirl ttoXv.
KTNHrOS
17
The hunter was told to speak for himself. He gave an
inventory of all his goods, asserted his citizenship and
his loyalty, offered to give up everything if the town .
would give him some place to live, and begged his
audience not to believe him to be a bad character.
The audience ivas angry at first, then amused, and
finally silenced by his earnestness.
Te\o? Be Kal e>e eiceXevov el-rrelv 6 n 0ov\o-
/jLUL Kal TL fxe, e(^T)v, Sel Xeyetv ; Hpo? ra
elprjfieva, elire tl^ tC^v Kadv/xevcov. Ovfcovv
Xiyco, ecfirjv, on ovBev aXtjOh eaTiv o)V etpvcev.
e^ft) fjLev, 0) avSpe^, ivvirvca ay/Mrjv, e(\>iiv, 6pav, 5
^ypov^ Kal Ka)/JLa<; Kal rotavra ^XvapovvTO^.
7)fjL6L^ Se ovre K(i)ii7]V exofiev ovre r-TTTrou? ovre
6vov^ oi^re ySoO?. eWe yap ^v exetv vfxd<; Bcra
owTO? eXeyev ayaOd, Iva Kal vpTiv iSc^Kafxev Kal
avTol Tcbv ixaKapicDV vfiev. Kal ra vvv Be ovra 10
'^fMlv Uavd eariv, e| Siv el tl fiovXeaOe Xd^ere-
Khv iravra ideX^re, ^ftet? erepa KTiiaoixeOa.
eirl TOVTW Be tw Xoyco iirrjveaav. elra eTTTj-
pcora fie 6 dpx^ov rl Bwr^aofxeOa Bovvat tu>
BrjpL(p ; Kay(o, Teaaapa, e^7)v, eXd(l>eLa Bepfiara 15
Trdvv KaXd. ol Be ttoXXoI avTMV eyeXaaav.
6 Be dpx^v r)yavdKT7](7e Trpo? fxe. Td yap
dpKeia, e<i>T)V, aKX^pd ean Kal rd rpdyeta ovk
d^ia TOVTcov, dXXa Be TraXatd, rd Be fiiKpd av-
18 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
T(f)V ' el he ^ovXeaOe^ KouKelva Xd^ere. ttoXiv
ovv rj'yavaKTei kol e(f)7] /me aypoLKOv elvat iravre-
A,ft)9. KCLfyo)^ Tiakiv^ elirov^ av koI av d<ypov^
Xeyet^i ; ovk dKoveL<; ore dypou<i ovk e'^o/jLev ;
5 o Be rjpooTa /jue el raXavrov eKcirepo^; ^Attckov
hovvai Oekoifxev. eyo) Be elirov^ ^^X '^^'^^1^^^
ra Kpea y/jcetf; ' a o av y, oioofxev. eart be
oXlya ev akal^ ToXka S' ev tm KairvM^ ^VP^i
ov TToXv eKeivcov ')(^eipw^ crKeXlBe^i vcou koI e\d-
10 (f)eiOL Kol oKXa yevvala Kpea. ivravOa B/j
edopv^ovv KOL -ylrevSeadal fie e(f)aaav. 6 Be
rjpoira jxe el alrov e^ofiev^ Kal Troaov nvd.
eliTOV Tov ovra dXrjdco'i • Auo, e(f)7]v, fxeBl/jivovf;
TTvpcov fcal rerrapa'^ KptOoyv Kal rocrovrov;
15 Keyyjiwv, Kvajxtjiv Be rj/jLieKTOV • ou yap eye-
vovTo rrjre^;. tov<; fiev ovv Trvpov^; Kal ra?
KpiOd^^ e(f)7]v, vfiei<^ Xd^ere, ra? Se Key')(^pov<;
rjfjicv dc^ere. el Be Key^pcov BetcrOe^ Kal ravra^
Xa/Sere. OvBe otvov iroielre ; dXXo^ ti<; ypu>-
20 rrjcrev. Uoiovfiev, elirov. av ovv rt? v/icov
d(f)LK7)TaL^ Bd)a'o/JLev ' OTTCof; Be r/^ei (pepcov cktkov
Tiva ' r)/jLeL<; yap ovk e^ofiev. Yloaai ydp rtve^
elcTLV vfjiiv dpLireXoi ; Avo //-eV, e^T^z^, al irpo
TMV OvpoiV^ eacD Be rrj^ avXi](; etKoac • Kal rod
25 TTora/jbov irepav, a? €vay^o<; e^vrevaapiev^ ere-
KTNHrOS 19
pat Toaavrac • elcrl Se jevvalac a(p68pa koI tov^
^orpv^ (f)€povcn fieyciKovf;, orav ol irapiovre^;
iiracficbaLv avrov<;. iva Se /jltj TrpdyjULara e)(r}r€
KaO^ eKacrrov €pcoT(ovT6<;, epco koI raXka a
icTTLV rj/jilv ' alje^ oktco OijjXeiai^ ^ov<; Ko\o/3r]^ 5
fjLoa^dpcov e^ avTrj<; irdvv Kokov^ hpeirava rer-
rapa, SiKeWat TeTTape<^^ \6y')(ac rpel^;^ ycia^at-
pav rj/jLMV eKarepo^; K6KT7]Tat Trpo? rd Oypla,
rd Se fcepd/JL€ia a/cevrj ri dv Xeyoi r/? ; /cal
<yvvai/C€<; rjfJLCV elcrl koI tovtcov re/cva. oIkov- 10
jxev he iv hvcrl aK'r]val<; Ka\al<^ • Kal rplryv
eyojJLev^ ov Kelrai to acrdptov Kal rd Sep/jbara.
N^ Ata, elirev 6 prjTwp^ ottov /cal to dpyvpcov
i(Ta)<; KaTopvTT€T6. OvKOVV, e(f)r]p, avdaKay^rov
i\6(ov, o) /jicbpe. TL<=; Se KaTopvTTeu dpyvpiov ; 15
ov yap hrj (pveTal ye. evTavOa TrdvTe^ eyeXayv,
€Keivov, fioL So/celv, KaTaye\d(TavT€<;. TavTa
ecTTCV rj/jilv • et ovv Kal irdvTa OeXeTe, r}fjLel<;
€k6vt€(; vjuv x^pi^o/ieda^ Kal ovSev vjjLa^ d^ai-
pelcrOai hel irpo^ (Biav cocrirep dWoTpicov rj iro- 20
vrjpoiv iirei tol Kal iroXiTai t7]<; TroA-eco? ia/Jiev,
ft)9 iycb Tov TraTpo^ tjkovov. Kal ttotc eKelvo<;
Bevpo d<j)LK6/jLevo<;, eiTLTV')(^d>v dpyvpicp BiSofjLevq),
Kal avTO<; e\a/3ev iv toI<; 7roXtTat9. ovkovv Kal
Tpe<^o[xev v/jLerepov^ vroA-tra? rou? TraZSa?. Kap 25
20 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
TTore Serjcrde^ /SorjOijaovcnv vjmv irpo^ Xyara^
Tj irpo^ iToXe/jiiov^. vvv fiev ovv elpi^vq icniv'
iav Si TTore crv/JL^fj Kaipo^ toiovto^^ ev^eaOe
Tou? iroXKov^ (jiavrjvaL 6jjlolov<; i)iuv. fxr] 'yap
5 hr) TOVTov y€ tov prjTopa voiXL^ere ^a;^eto-^afc
Tore irepl vfJioyv^ el /x?; 76 XocSopov/xevov wcnrep
ra? ryvvatKa<;. rcov fxevTOL Kpecov Koi tcov Sep-
fjLarcov^ orav ye tol irore eXwfJiev Orjplov, fxolpav
Bcocro/iev • /jlovov irefjurere tov \r]^]r6flevov. iav
10 Be KeXevarjre KadeXelv ra^; (JKrjvd^^ el n jBXd-
TTTOuo-i, KadeXovfiev. aXX' oirco^ Saoaere 7)plv
evOaZe oiKiav' rj ttw? virevey/cecv BwrjaofxeOa
TOV yeifJboyvo's ; eaTiv v/xlv oLKi^fxaTa rroXXa
ivTo<; TOV Teiyov'^^ ev oh ovSeU OLKel' tovtoov
15 rjfjblv ev dpKecrec. el Be ovk evOdBe ^wfiev ovBe
7rpo<? Ty (TTevo^copia ToaovTcov dv9p(07ro)v ev
TavTM BcayovTcov Kal rj/JLeU ivoxXov/iev^ ou
BtJTTOV Bid ye tovto fxeToiKi^ecrOat d^coi ia^ev.
— Be eT6XfMr]crev elirelv irepl to)v vavaylcov,
20 TTpdyfjia oi/Tft)? dvoaiov Kal nrovr^pov ' tovto yap
fjLLKpov i^e\a66fjLr]v eWelv o irdvTcov TrpcoTov
eBec fJLe elprj/cevao • Tt9 dv irLCTevaeie iroTe
v/jLcov ; 7rpo9 yap tj} do-e/Sela Kal dBvvaTov
ea-TLV eKeWev Kal otlovv Xa^elv^ oirov Kal
25 TMV ^v\o)v ovBev irXeov eaTLV IBelv rj ttjv
KTNHrOS 21
T€(f)pav ' OVTO) irdvv crfxiKpa iKiriirTei^ Koi
edTLV eKflvTj /xovi] T) cLKTi] ciiTacFOiV airpoaLTO^.
KoX Tov<; Tappov^^ ov<; aira^ evpov irore e«:/3e-
^paafJL6Vov<;, kol tovtov^ aveirrj^a eU rrjv Bpvv
TTjv lepav Trjv Tfkrjaiov tyj^ 6a\dTT7j<;. fir) yap 5
e'iT} TTore, w ZeO, Xa^elv /jurjSe KepBdvai KepSo<;
TOLOVTOV aiTo dvOpooiTWV ^ffrTU^ia?. dWd
a}(f)eX7]d7]v fiev ovSev TrcoTrore, rfKerjaa Be ttoX-
XaKi^; vavayov<i cK^LKOfievov;^ kol rfj a/C7]vfj
vTreSe^d/jLTjv, koX cf^ayelv eScoKa kol ineiv^ koI 10
el TL dXX.0 eBwdjJL7)V, i'lre^oijdrjaa fcal avvrjKO-
Xovdijaa fJii'^pc tcov olKovfxevoiV. dXXd rl^ dv
eKelvcov efiol vvv pLaprvprjcreLev ; ov/covv ovBe
TOVTO eiTOiovv fxapTvpia^ eve/cev rj '^dptro^^ 09
ye ouS' OTToOev rjaav rjTnard/JLTjv. firj yap vfiwv 15
ye fMr)8el<; irepiirecroL tolovtw irpdyixari.
A witness for the defendant. One of the audience told
hovj he and his companion loere shipivrecked on Cape
Caphareus, and how they were rescued and cared for
by these same hunters.
Tavra Be ifiov Xeyovro^; dvlararai tl<; eK
fieacDV ' fcdycb 7rpo9 e/xavTov eveOvixrjOrjv on
dXXo^ TOLOVTOV Tvyov e/JLov KaTayjrevaofjLevo';.
6 Be etTrer, "Ai^S/oe?, e'^o) irdXai tovtov d/mcfyt- 20
yvocov r)7r[(TTOvv 6/jico<;. eirel Be aa^oi<i avrov
22 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
eyvcoKa^ heivov /jlol 8o«;et, fiaXXov he ao-e^e?, /a?;
elirelv a avveirLarafJiaL /irjSe airohovvai Xoyo)
ya/atz^, epyco ra fieyicrTa ev 7ra6a)V. el/xl 3e,
€(f)rj, TToXm;?, &)? tcrre, Kal oSe, Se/fa? roy
5 7rapaKad)]fji€vov, Kal 09 eiraveo-rri • eVu^o/Aei/ Se
nr\€0VT6<; ev rfj Sw/cXeoi;? i^?;t rplrov eTO<;. Kai
hia^Oapeiar)'^ r?}? z^ew? vre/ol toi/ Ka(f)i]pea rrrav-
TeXco? oXiyoi rtve^ eaooOrj/jLev airo iroWoiV.
Tov^ fjilv ovv iropc^vpeU aveka^ov • eI%o^' yap
10 avTMV TLve<; dpyvpiov ev (j)a(TK(oXiOL^. Tjfiel^
he yvfjLVol iravreXoi^ eKTreaovre^ hi arpairov
Tcvo<; e^ahl^ofjbev, eXirl^ovre'i evpi^aeiv aKeirrjv
TLVa TTOL/JLeVCOV 7) ^OVKOXCOV, KLvhvveVOVTe^ VTTO
Xl/jlov re Kal hiyjrov; hia(^daprjvai. Kal fioXi^
15 TTOre TjXdo/JLev iirl (tktjvcl^; rtva^;, Kal aravTe^;
i/SowfJLev. TTpoeXOcjv he ovto<; eladyei re rjfid<;
evhov Kal aveKae wvp ovk aOpoov, aXXa Kar
oXiyov Kal rov fiev rjfjicbv auro? iverpL/Se, rov
he T] yvvT) arearL • ov yap rjv avrol^ eXacov •
20 reXo? he vhcop Karex^ov OepfJLov, eo)? dveXa/Sov
dire'^vyiievov^. eireira KaTaKXivavTe<; Kai
irepilSaXovTe^ oh ^Ixov irapeOr^Kav (f)ayelv
r)/xlv apTov^ irvpivov^^ avrol he Keyxpov ecj^dijv
Tjo-dtov ' ehcoKav he Kal olvov rj/jucv inelv^ vhcop
25 avrol irlvovTe^t Kal Kpea eXdipeia OTrrwi/re?
KTNHrOS 23
a(f>Oova^ ra Be e^ovre^ ' rrj S' varepala ^ovko-
fjL€Vov<; ainevai, KaTeo-^ov eVt rpet? r}[Mepa<; '
eireira irpovTre/Juylrav et? to TreBlov, koI ainovo-t
Kpea<i eBcoKav koI Sepfia eKarepM ttclvv koKov.
ifie Be opcov etc rr]^ KaKoiraOela^; en 7rovt]p(0(; 5
e^ovra eveSvae 'X^ltcovcov^ t?}? duyarpo^; a(^e\o-
fi€VO<; • eKeivrj Be aWo tc pdKO<i irepie^oiaaro.
TOVTO^ eTrecBr) ev rfj kco/jltj iyevofirjv, aireBwKa.
ovTw<^ i)fxel^ ye viro tovtov fidXccrra ea(o07jfjLev
fi€Ta Tovf; 6eov<;. 10
The hunter was very glad to see his friend Sotades. The
audience laughed at him; but he won his case and vms
treated very generously.
Tavra Be eKeivov Xeyovro<; 6 fxev Brjiiio<;
TfKOvev rjBeco^; koI eTryvovv fte, iyco Be avafMvrj-
adeL<;, 'Kalpe, e(f)rjv, '2(OTdBrj • Kal irpoaeXOdiv
e<^C\ovv avTov /cal rov erepov. 6 Be B7]fM0<;
iyeXa o-(t>6Bpa, on e^lXovv avrov^. Tore eyvcov 15
on ev rah iroXecnv ov (^iXovcnv dXXrjXov^;.
UapeXOcbv Be eKeivov 6 eTrteiAC?)?, 6 rr^v dpxv^
vTrep e/jLov Xeycov^ ^^/jlol^ e(j>7]^ S> dvBpe'^^ BoKel
KaXeaai tovtov ek to irpVTavelov eirl ^evia.
ov ydp^ el fjiev ev TToXe/jLcp tlvcl ecrcocre tcov 20
ttoXltcjv vTrepaaTTLO-a^, ttoXXojv av /cat jxeya-
24 AlfiNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
\o)v Scopecbv eru^e • vuvl Se Svo a(oaa<; TroXtra?,
TV^ov Be Kol aWov^^ ot ov irdpetaLV^ ovk ccttlv
d^LO<; ovBe/JLid^ tlixyj'^ ; avrl Be rod ^ircoz^o?, ov
eBcoKe TO) ttoXlttj KivBvvevovri ryv Ovyarepa
5 aTToSucra?, iiriBovvai avrcp rrjv ttoXiv ^trwi^a
/cat l/JLCiTLOV, Xva koI rot? aXkoi<^ TrporpoTrr)
ryeprjTat Bifcaloi^ elvai koI eirapKelv ak\r]\oL<;^
'\lrrj(f)L(Ta(TOai Be avTol<^ KapirovaOai to ')(^copiov^
/cal avTov^ Koi ra reKva^ koX fiyBeva aurol^
10 evo')(Xelv^ Bovvat Be avrw koX efcarov Bpa'X^fia'i
ek KaracTKevijv • to Be apyvpiov tovto virep tt}?
TToXeco'^ eycD Trap* ifxavTOV BlBcopn. eirl tovtw
Be eiryveOri^ ical ToXka iyeveTO &>? elirev. koI
i/co/JLLO-Or) irapa^^prjiJLa ek to OeaTpov tcl Ip^aTia
15 Kol TO apyvptov. eyco Be ov/c e^ovXofirjv \a-
^elv, a)OC elirov otl ov Bvvaaai Beiirvelv ev tu>
Bep/JLaTi. Ovfcovv^ elirov^ to arffxepov aBeiirvo';
fjL€V(o. 6/JL(Of; Be eveBvadv fxe tov ')(^LTMva kol
irepiej^aXov to IfxaTLOV. eyco Be dv(oOev jSaXelv
20 iffovXofjLTjv TO Bepixa^ ol Be ovk etcov. to Be
apyvptov OVK iBe^d/xrjv ovBeva Tpoirov^ aW
airco/JLoad/jLrjv. Et Be ^rjTetTe Ti<^ ^d^rj^ tw prj-
TOjOt, ecf^rjv^ BoTe, oTTCOf; KaTOpv^rj avTO • eVi-
cFTaTai yap BrjXovoTL. air* eKeivov Be r^fxd^
25 ovBel'i '^v(o^\r]cr€.
KTNHrOS 25
CHAPTER IV
A COUNTRY HOME
The story finished, Dion and the hunter arrive at the
house. The garden; the hunter' s family ; the dinner.
'^'Xehov ovv elprjKOTO^ avrov 7rp6<; ral^ a/crj-
vah rjfiev. /cayo) yekdaa^ elirov^ 'AXX' ev n
aireKpvylro) tov<; TroXira^, to KoXkiarov rcov
KTrjfidrcov, Tl tovto ; elirev. Tbv fcrjirov,
€(f)7)V^ TOVTOV, Trdvv KaXov Koi Xd^ava iroXkd 5
KoX BevBpa exovra. Ovk rjv^ ec/)?;, rore^ cOOC
varepov iironjcra/jLev.
^laekOovre'^ ovv evayxovfieOa to Xolttov ttj^
rifiepa^;., r/fj^ek pLev KaTaKXtOevTe^ iirl cftvXXcov
re /cat SepfxdTWv iirl aTi^dho^ vyjrrjXrj';^ rj he \o
yvvrf TrXrjaLOV irapa top dvhpa Kad-qpLevr]. 6v-
ydTTjp Be wpaia ydpLov Bcrj/covecTO, kol iveyei
TTCelv jxeXava olvov rjBvv. ol Be iralBe^: to, /cpea
irapeaKeva^ov^ koI avTol d/xa iBeiTrvovv irapa-
Ti^eVre?, wo-re ifie evBac/iovL^ecv tov<; dv6pco7rov<; 15
eKeLVOv^ teal oteaOac p^a/capiccx; ^rjv wdvTcov fid-
XiaTa wv rjirtcTTdpLriv. KaiTOi irXovaioiv olKia^
re Kal T/oaTrefa? rjinaTdpLr^v^ ov pLovov IBccotmv,
dXXd Kal oraTpaTTOiv Kal /SacnXecop^ at fidXcaTa
26 AinNOS TOT XPTSOSTOMOT
iSo/covv /JLOL Tore dOXtoi^ kol irporepov hoKovvre^^
'in fJLoWov^ 6po)VTi Tr]V eKel ireviav re kol ekev-
Oepiav^ Koi on ovhev (nreKeLirovTO ovhe tt}? nrepl
TO (payelv re kol Tnelv r)Sovrj^^ dWa kul tovtoi^
5 iirXeoveKTOvv (T')(^eh6v n.
Enter the neighbor and his son. The young man and his
cousin make a fair exchange.
"USt} 8' LKavo)'^ rj/JLcov i^^ovrcov rjXOe Kd/celvo^;
6 erepo^. (ivvrjKoXovOei Se vio<; avrO)^ fxetpafCLOv
ov/c dyevve^;.) Xaycov cfyepcov. elaekOoyv Be ovro'^
r/pvOpiacrev • iv ocray Be 6 Trarrjp avrov rjo-Trd^ero
10 riixd^., auTO^i icfyiXijae rrjv KoprjV^ koi tov Xayoov
eKeiVT) eScoKev. rj /xev ovv TraZ? eiravaaro oia-
Kovovfjievrj kol irapd rrjv firjrepa eKaOe^ero^ ro
Se /jL€tpd/cL0P dvT eKeivrj'i hirjKOvelro.
The conversation grows personal : daughters and their
husbands ; wedding-days ; the wedding sacrifice.
Ka7ft) TOV ^evov rjpwTrjaa^ Avrr;, e(f)r)V.f eaTiv,
15 ^9 TOV p^iTcoz^a d7roBvaa<; tco vavaycp eh(OKa^ ;
Kol 0? yeXdcra^;^ Ou/c, ec/)?;, dXX' eiceivri^ elire^
irdXai TT/oo? dvhpa ehoOrj^ koX Teicva e%efc fxeydXa
Tjhri^ 7rpo<; dvSpa irXovcnov ek ko)/jl7]V. Ovkovv^
€(f)T]V, eTrapfcovatv v/jllv otl dv Beycrde ; Ovoev^
20 elirev rj yvvrj^ Beofxeda 97 /^et?. eKelvoi Be XafM-
KTNHrOS 27
/SdvOUCTL KOl OlTT^VLK CLV TL OypaOrj Kul OTTCOpaP
Kol Xd^ava • ov yap eari Krjiro^ irap avroh,
(irepva-c Be Trap* avroiv) irvpov^ iXd/SofjLev,
cnrep/ia yjnXov, koI direScoKafiev avroiv €v6v<i
r7J<; Oep€La<^. Tl ovv ; e(f>riv^ /cal ravrrjv hiavo- 5
elaue BtSovat TrXovaio)^ iva vpTtv koL avrr) irvpov^
Saveiarj ; ivravOa /jievrot dfJi(j)(o ypvOpiao-drrjv,
T] Koprj /cal TO fi€Lpd/ctov. 6 Be iraryp avrrj^ ecfyr),
Uepyra dvBpa Xrjyjrerai^ o/notov -qfiiv Kvvrjyerrjv •
Kai ^leiBidaa^ e/SXeyjrev ek top veaviaKOV. Kaydi^ lo
Tt ovv ovK TJBrj BiBore ; ?) Bel iroOev avrov eV
K(op,r]^ d^LKeaOat ; Ao/cca yLteV, elirev, ov jiaKpav
earcv • dXX' evBov evOdBe. Kal TroLrjao/jiev je tol*?
ydfiov<; rjfiepav dyaOrjV eirtXe^diievoi. Kaydi^
Ila)?, €<i>riv, KpLvere rrjv dyaOrjV rjfMepav ; Kal 15
0?, "Orav firj /jLifcpov rj to a-eXrjmop • Bel Be Kal
TOP depa ehai KaOapov^ aiOpiap XafxiTpdp. Kayd),
Ttf Be; TU) oPTi KVP7]yeTi](; dyaOo^ ecrrip ; €(j>r]P.
"£70)76, elirev 6 peaPLaKo^, Kal eXa<j>op Kara-
TTOPco Kal avp v^iarafiai. oyjrei Be avptop, dp 20
^^^V^i ^ ^epe. Kat rov Xaycop tovtop av, e(j>'qp^
eXa/3e? ; '£7(0, €</)?; yeXdaa^^ tm XtpapLO) r^?
PVKTo^ • r/p yap aWpCa Trdpv koXt) Kal 7) aeXijPT]
TTjXtKavTr} TO fxeyeOo^; rjXUrj ovBeircoTroTe eye-
veTO. ipTavOa fievTot iyeXacrap afxcj^oTepoi, ov 25
28 AlfiNOS TOT XPT20ST0M0T
fiovov 6 TTJ^ Kopj]'^ iraTTjp^ aWa koI 6 eKelvov.
6 8e ria-')(yvBri koI icrLcoTrrjcre. Xeyet ovv 6 rij'i
Koprf^ Trarijp^ 'E7W /uLev, ^4*V'> ^ Tral^ ovSev virep-
^dWo/jiaL. 6 Be 'jTarrfp aov 7re/?i/LteWt, ear av
5 lepelov irpLrjTai iropevOek. hel <yap dvaai Tol<i
The younger brother to the resciie.
^lirev ovv 6 veuirepo'i ahe\(^o<^ Tr]<; Kopr)^^
'AXXa lepelov ye TrdXat oi/to? nrapeaicevaKe^
KoX ecTTiv evSov rpecf^o/ievov oTncOev r?}? (TKT]vfj<i^
10 yevvalov. rjpcorcov ovv avrov, ^AX7]0o)<i ; 6 he
e^i-j. Kat iroOev aoi ; e(^aaav. "Ore T7]V vv
iXd^o/jiev Trjv ra re/cva e')(^ovcrav^ ra /jcev dXXa
BieSpa ' KOI rjv^ ^(f)i]^ Ta')(yrepa rov Xayo) • ew?
oe €700 Xitfo) erv^ov Kai aXovrt to oepjxa eire-
15 fiaXov ' TOVTO r)XXa^d/jLi]V ev rrj fcco/uLy^ koX eXa-
fiov dvT avTOV ')(olpov^ fcal eOpeyfra 7roir}aa<i
oTTLcrdev crv(f)e6v. TaOra, elirev, dpa rj f^ijTTjp
aov iyeXa, oirore davfid^oLfii d/covcov ypvXi^ov-
(Tr)<i tt}? av6<;, KoX ra? /cpL6a<; ovrw^ avrjXiaKe^.
20 At yap eu/Sot'^e?, elirev^ ov'y^ Uaval rjaav irtdvaL^
el fxifj ye jSaXdvov^ ijOeXev eaOieiv. dXXa el
^ovXeaOe Ihelv avrrjv^ d^co 7ropevdeL<;. ol he
eKeXevov, CLTrrjeaav ovv eKelv6<^ re koI ol irdihe'^
avToOev Spo/JLQ) ^(^aipovTe^.
KTNHrOS 29
TJie supper of fruit and nuts. The children return bring-
ing the pig. Enter the mother and brothers of the
bridegroom.
'Ez^ Be TOVTO) 7) 7rap6evo<; avaaraaa i^ erepa^
<7Kt]vr)<^ eKOfJLiaev ova rerfirj/jLeva koI fieaTrCka
Kol ixrfka ^(^eL/jLepLva koI rr)? ^evvaia^ crTa(f)v\r]<;
j36Tpv<^ a(f)pL'yct)VTa<i, koL edrjKev iirl rrjv rpdire-
^a^*, KaTa\lry](Tacra (f)vXXot<; ciTro rcov Kpecov, 5
vTTO^dXovaa KaOapav Trrepi^Sa. tjkov he kol
ol iralhe'^ tt]V vv ayovTe<^ fxera yeXwro^ kol
iraLhia'^., crvi>7]fcoXovdeL Se rj fx^jrrjp rov veavCcTKOV
KOL aBeX<f)ol Svo Traihapta • e<^epov Be aprov; re
/caOapov<i KoX (ha e(j)6a ev ^vXivoi^; iriva^L Kal lo
epe^iv6ov<i (ppvfCTOv^.
The wedding is discussed, the date is fixed, and Dion is
invited to the festivities.
*A(T7racrafJLevr) Be rov aBeX(f)6i^ rj <yvvr) Kal ryv
aBeX(pLBriv iKaOe^ero irapa top avrrj'i apBpa, Kal
elirev., 'I Sou to lepelov., o ovto<; TrdXac €Tpe<f)ev
et? TOi"? yd/jLov<i., Kal ToXXa ra Trap* rj/icov 15
eroLfid ean., Kal dXcfitra Kal dXevpa TreiroiriTai
fiovov c(TO)<; olvapCov TrpoaBerjaofjieda • Kal tovto
ov ^(^aXeTrov eV rrj'i koj/jltj^; Xaffelv. TrapeiarrjKeL
Be avrrj TrXriaiov 6 vlo<^ irpo^ top KrjBecrTrjv cltto-
30 AlfiNOS KTNHrOS
ecTTfct' 6 iire^^cov * tVco? yap eri /SovXerai iriavai
T7JV VV. fCal TO /JL€Lpd/CtOV, AvTTJ /JL6V, ellTeV^ VTTO
Tov XtTTOf? hiappayrjaeTai. fcdyco fioyXo/jLevo^i
5 avTcp ^orjOrjO-aL^ "Opa^ €(f>'r]V^ fxr) eco^ irLalverai
r] u? ovTO<; vfilv XevrTO? yeprjraL. rj Be fjL^njp^
'AX7;^fo)9, eljrev, 6 ^evo^ Xeyei, eirel koI vvv
XeiTTorepo^ avrov yeyove * koI Trpwijv rfaOofirjv
rrj^ vvKTO<; avrov iypTjyopora /cal irpoeXdovTa
10 e^ft) tt}? a/C7]V7]<i. Ol Kvve's^ ^(}>Vf vXaKTOVv^ Kal
i^rjXOov 6-\jr6/jLevo<;. Ov av ye, elTrev, dXXa
TrepieTrdret^; dXvcop. /jltj ovv TrXeLCO y^povop icofxev
avidcrOaL avrov. Kal irepL^aXovaa icfyiXrjcre rrjv
fXT}repa rrj<s Kopr)^. rj Be tt/oo? rov dvBpa rov
15 eavrr]<i, Tlotcofiev, elrrev, &>? OeXovai. Kal eBo^e
ravra, Kal elirov, Et? rpirr^v rroLOdfiev rov^; yd-
fxov<i. irapeKdXovv Be Kci/JLe Trpoafielvat rvjv
rjixepav.
ABBREVIATIONS
G. = Goodwin : Greek Grammar, 1893.
H. = Hadley and Allen : Greek Grammar.
AJP. = American Journal of Philology.
Gild. JM. = Gildersleeve : Justin Martyr, New York,
1877.
GMT. = Goodwin : Moods and Tenses, 1890.
Kr. = Kruger : Griecliische Sprachlehre, Leip-
zig, 1875-91.
Ruth. Phryn. = Rutherford : The New Phrynichus, Lon-
don, 1881.
Ruth. Bab. = Rutherford : Babrius, London, 1883.
Sch. = Schmid : Der Atticismus, Stuttgart, 1887-
96, Vol. I.
Note. —In references to Dion Chrysostom outside of
this text, the page and line of von Arnim's edition is
given, with the number of Morel's page following in
bracket.
82
NOTES
CHAPTER I
Page 1. — 2. trpco-pvTiKov, an old man's failing. G.
925 ; H. 617. Cf. Cic. Cato Major c. 16, Senectus est
natura loquacior. 3. to p-iiSeva kt\. , that almost irre-
sistible desire to tell every story that occurs to one. The
art. with the inf. sometimes points out the verbal idea
in a deprecating or contemptuous way, e.g. rb y-finaadai,
" this thing of getting married." Gild. JM. pp. 159, 125.
5. Tvxov: adv. perhaps, as at 24, 2. Frequent in the
Atticists; in Dion 48 times. Sch. p. 137. av t^:
G. 1328; H. 872; GMT. 235 ff. See 4, 3. note.
dXiiTiKov, the result of a roving life. 6. d|i4)6T€poi,
both an old man and a traveller. 1. ovk diiSws, with
no little delight : a common phrase in Dion, who delights
in litotes. Sch. p. 170. 8. ovriva: notice the use of
6'o-Tt5 in an ind. question and parallel with oXo%. %,5><r\. is
the participle. 9. a-\tUv ti: the indefinite tU was
employed very frequently by the Atticists in adjectival
and adverbial expressions, in imitation of classical Attic
writers. (rxe56v tl is especially common in Dion (Schmid
counts 34 cases), and also in Strabo, Sch. pp. 136-7;
Kr. 51, 16, 3 and 5.
13. Td KoiXa Tfis EvPotas, the Hollows of Euboea.
The high cliffs on the east coast of the island form a
succession of palisades without an anchorage, and the
rocks which jut far out into the sea make this outside
D 33
34 NOTES
passage always dangerous. Here the Persian ships,
which were sent from Artemisium to attack the rear
of the Greek fleet, were wrecked. 14. dKanov: a
fisherman's boat. rpaxvv riva, a rough hit of beach.
Cf. 1. 9. 15. cKPaXovTcs, driving ashore. Cf. cKireadv-
res, 13, 8 ; 22, 11.
Page 2. — 1. irop<j)vp€is, purple-fishers, who dredged
up the shell-fish, the purple murex, from which the pre-
cious dye was made. 2. Iirl rfj irX-ria-iov X^^fl' **^ ^^^
shelter of a spur of rocks hard by. 5. orw0i?|(rojj,ai : the
opt. mood is rarely found in post-classical Greek. It has
been lost entirely from modern Greek. The Atticists
revived its use, and sometimes employed an opt. in cases
where the classical writers did not. In this revival Dion
shared. The avoidance of the opt. of indirect statement
in this text, however, is very noticeable, even if this is
due only to the studied simplicity and directness of the
narrative. Cf. 3, 18 ; 17, i; 14; 24, 16, etc. 6. aXXws,
at random. €l, on chance of. 7. I'Soijii: the opt.
with el is the form of the ideal condition. It is often
used by Dion where the conclusion is expressed by a
pres. or a fut. ind. contrary to the usual classical practice.
Sch. pp. 97-8. Here the conclusion is the implied pur-
pose of eTrXapu) fxrjv ; but the opt. does not necessarily sug-
gest that the speaker is quoting the thought which was
in his mind. Cf. Xen. Hel. I. v. 15.
10. paxiav, breakers : from prjyvvfii, to break.
11. The absence of conjunctions in this line is worthy
of notice. Perhaps this amounts to a mannerism with
this author. 12. dKov<rai: the inf. is regularly used
after verbs of thinking. See 1. 15. note. So Dion in
this text uses otoixat. seven times, doK^cj, vo/xi^oixai, dia-
po^ofiai, once each. With these also should be classed
irvvddvofxai. (13, 5), and eiKaiov (2, 16). 13. v[\ov, roar.
NOTES 35
diro: the addition of a preposition to such phrases,
while not unknown in classic Greek, was characteristic
of post-classical and especially of Hellenistic writers,
the latter of whom often imitated directly eastern idiom.
15. Tiiroptiiievous, at fault : predicative part, after a verb
of perceiving. G. 1588; H. 982. The perf. part, is
often used by Dion to express the « state ' of the object.
Sch. p. 96. " Verbs of perception (knowing and show-
ing) take OTL or &}$ with the finite verb of intellectual
perception, the participle of actual or intellectual per-
ception. There are exceptions, but in view of the mass
of examples the exceptions vanish. But, in later Greek,
the line between verbs of perception and of conception
(thinking) is often effaced." Gild. JM. p. 107. In this
text, however, these distinctions are maintained con-
sistently : e.g. opdo} is used five times with the part, as
here ; once with i^s and the ind. (26, 3), where intellectual
perception is clearly implied. 16. el'Katov: on the
augment, see Ruth. Phrijn. pp. 244-5; Meisterhans :
Att. Lischr. p. 136. dTropiacr0€v : circumstantial part.
19. Td-ye'veia vyi.r\, imth ruddy cheeks. KOjjiwvTa ktX.,
vsearing his hair long at the hack. For the custom of
wearing long hair among the earlier Greeks, see Sey-
mour's interesting note on Kdp-n KopLouvras, Iliad ii. 11.
The Abantes, the inhabitants of Euboea in Homer's
time, were remarkable for wearing their back hair long,
but their front hair "banged." Iliad ii. 536 ; 542. So
Plutarch says of Theseus (c. 5) that, when he cut his
hair as an offering to Apollo, he shaved rrjs /ce^aX?}?
TO, TTpoadev /lovov, uxrirep "OpiTjpos e07; toi)s "A^avras.
20. o'iovs : attracted to the number of its antecedent and
used as pred. with iXdeTv. Of. Iliad ii. 216, a(:(rxc<TTos
dk dvTjp vTTo 'IXiov TjXdev; also ii. 673. 21. Sokciv :
G. 1534 ; H. 956.
36 NOTES
Page 3. — 1. 01 8€: without a preceding fiiv. Kr. 50,
1, 4. Cf. Xen. Hel. I. ii. 14. «! ruiicrous: iK is often
used in such adverbial phrases. Cf. 2, 20 ; 10, 18.
KttV OS, and he : cf. 22, 5 ; 26, 15 ; 27, 15 ; 30, i. This
demonstrative use of 2s is very common, in Plato and
Xenophon, after Kai at the beginning of a sentence and
in the phrase ^ 5' 3s. Xen. Sym. c. 1, 15 ; Anah. I. viii.
16 ; VII. vi. 4 ; Plato, Sym. 201 E. See Kr. 50, 1, 5.
Both Kai 6s and the stereotyped ^ S' 6s are common in
Dion also, although unusual in his time, and help to
swell the list of his Attic expressions. Sch. p. 122.
Cf. Dion 1. p. 19, 12 (M. 21), ov fxivrot, 9j 5' os 6 'A\i-
^avSpos, dWa ktX., and Plato, Eep. 450 B. T^ 5^ ; ^ 5'
OS 6 Qpaavfiaxos kt\.
10. iittKpdv: adv. far off. This use of the ace. fem.
of such an adj. to denote distance is an Atticism and
frequent in Dion. Cf. 7, 13 ; 27, 12. So ppaxvr^pav I.
p. 85, 4 (M. 88). Sch. p. 89. 12. «s rd y€ vvv ktX.,
since at present sailing is impossible. Mahaffy. Cf.
Thuc. I. vii. 1 ; viii. 2. irXoiiia = wXdjLfia. 13. Kai
[IT] ktX., and do not have any anxiety about that (viz. the
impossibility of sailing) . ' ' Ubrigens was das betrifft, sei
unbesorgt." Golisch. Von Arnim says : " /cai — 0o^7;^^s
non intelligo." 14. PovXoC|jniv 8' av: cf. 1, 5. note.
15. oTttv: "the relative with dv and subj. is in some
respects parallel with idv (see 17, 12. note). But observe
that the relative with &p and subj. is always generic in
prose." Gild. JM. p. 127. 16. m€o-0T|, weighed down.
18. KaTTjv^x^Ti, 8i€<t)0ttpTi: cf. 2, 5. note. 19. €l jat] :
"in indirect questions introduced by el, whether, ix-f) can
be used as well as ov." GMT. 667, 5. Doubtless this is
due to similarity in form to a conditional protasis.
But in later Greek (xtj ousted ov even where ov was prop-
erly required. 21. o-irovSfis, pressing engagement.
NOTES 37
22. ouKovv ktX., it could not well he otherwise. 23. ws,
hov.\ has properly the force of an adverb of manner, and
implies this force in most of its uses.
Page 4. — 3. a-oiQiit] : "the opt. with &v is the poten-
tial of the Greek language. It expresses the conviction
of the speaker as a conviction. The future element is
the ascertainment of the predicate. With the pres. opt.
the action itself may be present or future ; with the aor.
it is future. As the aorist is naturally associated with
the negative, the aor. opt. and dv with neg. is very com-
mon. The transl. with the negat. is often 'can,' with the
positive 'must.' Remember that the English language
has nothing to correspond to the Greek future, and
the English future is often as good a rendering of the
opt. and &v as it is of the Greek future." Gild. JM. p.
112. Of. 1, 5. 5. l\a(|)pol . . . irXeovTcs, unless they
are in very light boats. Mahaffy. Such craft would
founder nearer shore. 7. KaKoira0€Cas, accident.
9. <rwe^"s: G. 1374; H. 885, b. o-e c^vwiicv, have
made your acquaintance: the aor. of attainment.
11. dWd: an odd use of the conjunction, a7id not
only that but. See GMT. 513. aWriv has here the
force of besides. Cf. Xen. Anab. I. v. 5 ; Hel. I. iv. 2 ;
11. ii. 18 ; iv. 9. Von Arnim's conjecture of tto'XXtji/,
against the authority of the Mss. seems unnecessary.
12. ia-xvor^ros, thinness. 13. ov -ydp kt\., for I had
no fear of any trap. "The present or aorist infinitive
(without m), not in indirect discourse, may follow verbs
of fearing, to denote the direct object of the fear ; as in
English, I fear to go.'' GMT. 373.
15. IfjidTiov : see 24, 5. note. \iikv : without di ; but
Kal is equivalent. 17. o-vvext^- adj., constant. ws,
how. Cf. 3, 23. note. 19. dSiKCi : SC. TrhrjTa. KTj-
pvKcia, the insignia of heralds.
38 NOTES
CHAPTER II
Page 5. — 5. "YwaiKas dWiqXwv dSeX(]>ds: i.e. ice each
married the other'' s sister. 11. ovxtittov: the weight
of Ms. authority is for ov x^'^P^^i which Geel prefers.
"Nee dubium est," he says, "quin homo rusticus dicat
ov xe^po" pro haud minus.'''' 12. (jlio-Bov: i.e. hired.
fiaKapiov : in post-classical Greek this adj. meant rich.
Schmid quotes this passage with two others [I. p. 209,
10 (M, 120) ; p. 217, 19 (M. 128)] as the only examples
of Dion's use of the word in its post-classical sense.
17, 10 might be added to the list. All are from Or at. VII.
Elsewhere Dion gives the word its ordinary classical
meaning. I. p. 7, 10 (M. 8); p. 77, 21 (M. 80).
13. €v0€v86, «K : the Greek sometimes regards the locus
of anything as the place from which it proceeds, rather
than as the place in which it is. For a discussion of
such variation in expressions of place see Sch. p. 91.
Also G. 1225-6 ; H. 788. 15. KaXovs Be Kal iroXXovs : so
the Mss. read. Von Arnim, following Dindorf, reverses
the order. 16. xP'HH^o-Ta often means personal property
as opposed to KT-fjixara^ land and stock. See Gild. JM.
p. 132. On dXXa, see 4, ii. note. 18. Kal, furthermore.
Page 6. — 1. Pao-iXe'ws, emperor. The odium of the
Latin 'rex' was borne by the Greek Tvpawos. /Sao-tXei/s
retained its dignity as the title of a priestly office and
also through association with the Persian king. The
opening line of Augustus' letter to the Cnidians {Bulle-
tin de Correspondance Hellenique., VII. 63) gives certain
other well-known titles of the emperors : —
AiTOKpoLTup Katffap deoO vibs Sc/Sacrr^s d/3xtepc«/s.
2. WO-T6 with the inf. expresses a tendency to a result ;
its nearest English equivalent is so as. The particle
NOTES 39
seems to have been used first to reinforce the inf. , like
the English 'for' in "What went ye out for to see?"
So with ware and inf. the negative is fir/ in o. r. wore
with a finite form expresses result and is an outgrowth
from the inf. construction, due to the desire to make the
fact more prominent. Its neg. therefore is ov with ind.,
firi with subj. or imp. AJP. VII. 161 ff. ; XIV. 240 ff!
Of course the distinction between so as and so that was
not always maintained. In this text ciVre with inf. ap-
pears five times (7,2;^ 16, 4 ; lo ; 25, 15) ; in the last two
cases it is so that. wVre with ind. occurs four times.
3. drra : Attic for rivd ; translate feio. The word had
entirely disappeared from the spoken and the literary
language of the time. Lucian quotes it as an affecta-
tion (Lex. c. 21), but uses it himself eight times. It is
not infrequent in Dion. Sch. p. 111. poiSia: diminu-
tive, evidently colloquial. Found also in Dem. and
Arist. Sch. p. 113. As to its form, see Phryn. Ixix.
4. diro8€'8«K€v : note the full force of the perf., has paid
us to this day. The perf. seems to be common in ex-
pressions relating to payments. Cf. 9, 12. dw^duKev,
however, has good Ms. authority. 6. o-KTjvds, cabins.
7. avXriv, enclosure. 8. <bs av ol\i.ai: here cJs du is
used elliptically, without a verb, the olfMai being merely
parenthetical. In such cases uairep is more common
G. 1313; H. 863; GMT. 227. Cf. 7, 21; 8, 15; 13, 17;
14, 13. The parenthetical oi/xai is used so often by Dion
as to give a distinct color to his style. The expression
is common in Plato and Demosthenes, among the Atti-
cists, also in Philostratus and Lucian. Sch. p. 127. Cf.
\4yofx€v, Justin M. Ap. I. c. 69 ; Ap. II. c. 1. 10. €v€|jio-
|i€v, dTrTi\avvofA€v : note the change of tense from /care-
fxeiuafxef, 1. 5. diroKtifjicvov : KeT/xai is used in Attic
Greek as the perf. pass, of Tidr,fj.i, the perf. r^deifxai.
40 NOTES
being always middle in force. 13. Ittoiovvto : sc. our
fathers.
14. \o)plov: sc. ia-rL " Dio per totum hunc sermo-
nem his hominibus orationem tribuit simplicissimara."
Geel, p. 178. 20. Spvfiol, ylades. 21. oto-rpov, gad-
fly. 23. viro v\|/T]\ois ktX., beneath tall trees far
apart, i.e. where pasturage is better than in denser
woodland.
Page 7. — 2. wo-rt |jlt] : translate so that there is no
need. But see 6, 2. note.
6. 8i€Tpd4>T|(rav ktX. : cf. Xen. Hel. II. i. 1. 7. clp-
■yao-fjievoi, have brought under cultivation. 8. <rTa0p,ov :
G. 1148-9 ; H. 757. 13. po\j<riv: i.e. those which were
confiscated. 17. p.€Xpi tivos, for a short distance.
18. a-v&v kt\. : G. 1105; 1161; H. 742. 20. -njiwov,
stood on guard. 21. wo-irep av : cf . 6, 8. note. 22. ai-
pLttTOs : G. 1102; H. 742. 23. Kpewv: partitive.
Page 8. — 1. Kp*'ao-iv: G. 1181; H. 778. fiat^S,
bread. t»v yXv ktX., gorging themselves with meat ichen
any game was bagged, but otherwise hungry. twv : sc.
KpeQv. G. 1113 ; H. 743. |xiq : sc. ti aXoirj. 3. irpo<rei-
Xov: sc. T^f voOj', "a familiar ellipsis." 5. oo-jjifis ktX.,
they followed the scent after a fashion. oo-jxfis : G. 1102 ;
H. 742. On the form, see Ruth. Phryn. pp. 160-164.
6. dir^pTio-av, turned out. toioutoi ktX. , " eiusmodi
tardi quidam discipuli, mul toque tardiores venatores,"
Nageorgus ; i.e. slow enough to learn this trade, but
slower still as hunters. But perhaps the Latin transla-
tion has improved on the Greek original.
13. x€iF^«pivTi : G. 1090 ; H. 730, e. Cf. 14, 5. On the
form, see Ruth. Phryn. p. 125. 14. a>s av ktX., as you
might suppose, being stamped in the moist ground. ws
Av: cf. 6, 8. note. On o-T^ixaivo) in the sense of <r(ppayii;o},
cf. Xen. Cyr. VIII. ii. 17, ravra 8^ , . . Kai 'ypd\pas Kal ffrj/xrj-
NOTES 41
vd/xevos idlSov. 15. tj 8c x^wv ktX., " and the snow shows
the game far off, and leaves tracks as clear as a high
road." Mahaffy. 19. 8opKd8as, roe (deer). 20. cv-
vais, forms, beds. to dir' ckcivou : G. 955, 2 ; 1060 ;
H. 600, a; 719.
Page 9. — 1. iripva-i crx€86v, about a year ago. Cf.
Babrius, Ixxxix. 4-5. 2. PtPiwKco-av : the omission of
the augment from the pluperfect is characteristic of later
Greek. In the New Testament this augment is for the
most part entirely omitted. Such omission is not un-
known in classical Greek, especially where a collision
of vowels would offend the ear. Cf. Thuc. I. c. 89, 3 ;
Dem. 299. But ^e^tdKeaav may be merely a scribe's
error. The Mss. differ as to the true text here, and
there is strong evidence for i^e^iJfKeaav. "The mere
fact of the gradual disappearance of the augment from
the pluperfect after Macedonian times is sufficient to
account for the state of the manuscripts." Ruth. Bab.
p. 9. note. Cf. 11, 14. note; 13, 23. 3. Kal ve'oi: von
Arnim, following Wilamowitz, rejects these words against
the authority of the Mss., thus robbing the passage of a
flavor which the author may have been at some pains to
impart.
CHAPTER III
The simple-hearted honesty of these peasants, in con-
trast with the shrewdness and trickery of the towns-
folk, is the underlying theme of this chapter. The next
gives a picture of the happiness of the country life.
Doubtless Dion would have found it hard to discover in
real life such characters as these hunters. Certainly
their absolute simplicity was incomprehensible to the
crowd which met to hear the trial. 6. irdXtv: Carystos
is nearest and is doubtless the city referred to. But, as
42 NOTES
Mahaffy remarks, " Dion takes care to leave it so vague
that Chalcis would suit as well." Certainly if the scenes
were imaginary, there was no need to define too closely
their stage-setting. There were valuable marble quarries
near Carystos belonging to the Roman emperors. This
adds some plausibility to the hunter's statement on 6, l.
8. oTTtiviKa properly refers to the time of day (Arist.
Birds, 1498 f .), but was often used in a more general sense,
especially in later writers (Arist. Frogs, 646 ; Dem.
230; 374, etc.). See Ruth. PAr?/?i. pp. 122-3. 9. e'xov-
Ttts: sc. 7]iJ.as, pers. obj. of alrCjv. G. 1069; H. 724.
11. d\\*, but on the contrary. Cf. 4, ii. jxt] ex€iv:
verbs of swearing, like those which involve the will,
regularly take ix-f} for their negative, and n-f] is often used,
conformably to the Greek use of negatives in general,
even after awofxwixL when it means ' deny with an oath. '
See Gild. JM. p. 113 ; GMT. 136 ; 685. Here aTruifioadfi-qv
is probably used for an emphatic w/noa-dfxrjv, as appears
from the dedwKivai following. Cf. Babrius, Ixxv. 19-20.
KOLTibfioa-^ avTOts 6ti ci) rats a\r\d€lai$
larpos oirK ei /cat fj-drrfv dLejBXrjOrfs.
airofMvvfxai is used once again, 24, 22. It is not found in
the middle in Attic writers. Sch. p. 94. 12. €i Be ftifj,
otherwise : a stereotyped phrase. SeSwKc'vai : the perf .
inf. representing the pluperf. ind. of a condition contrary
to fact, which is very unusual, may find justification here
in the fact that diSiofxc in the pres. often meant to offer,
e.g. 18, 7 ; 24, 12. c|€vi(rafji€v, entertain: from ^euL^o}.
Page 10. — 4. Tovs irvpYovs and ev tw Xi[j,evi (1. 5)
may be explanations offered by Dion himself. So
Reiske holds. Others would expunge them as a gloss.
10. d|XT|X<ivov, tremendous. Cf. devanav irorafxiov dfXTjxapa
tieyidt], Plato, Phaedo, 111 D. 12. apxovxas, magis-
NOTES 43
trates. 13. ti ^■x\ •/€ : cf. 9, 12 ; 28, 21. 14. tt^v Kofiriv,
his long hair. Cf. 2, 19. note. 15. e^'arpov: theatres
were common all over Greece at this time, even in the
smaller towns, and were regularly used for public meet-
ings. See Mahaffy : Greek Life and Thought, p. 382 f.
€pd8itov : " the imperfect is a present transferred to the
past." GMT. 35. The action in this passage is repre-
sented as in progress. All the verbs describing the scene
are in the imp., with the exception of Kar^irea-ov, whose
tense is explained by dira^. i^ddL^ou, therefore, is not
'began to walk,' a force which the imp. seldom, if ever,
has. See Euth. Bab. p. 21 (xv. 4). Dion not infre-
quently uses such a succession of imperfects in a vivid
and detailed description. Cf. 23, ii-is ; 25, 8-26, 5.
16. a-vv: for the difference in use between <tvv and
fxerd^ see Tycho Mommsen : Beitrdge z. d. Lehre v. d. g.
Prdpositionen, p. 1. In later Greek the distinction does
not seem to have been maintained, except in the New
Testament and in Christian writers. See Gild. JM. p.
120. 18. o-Tpo'yyvXov k^ Ti|j.i<rovs, half ronnded {semi-
circular). The hunter's attempt at description will
seem less awkward when it is remembered that in later
Greek (pdpay^, a ravine, was sometimes used for ^oOpos,
a hole. Ruth. Bab. p. Ix. avT6\t.a.rov : cf. avTo/xaros
ddvuTos, a natural death, Dem. 296. 20. clSori ktX., a
favorite rhetorical turn, Thuc. II. c. 36, 4, and Hdt. VII.
c. 8, 1. Gild. JM. p. 121. 22. epdwv : constructio ad sen-
sum. G. 900 ; H. 609. This is reckoned as an Atticism :
see Sch. pp. 101-2 (cf. 1, 2). In Dion, the agreement of
the verb with a collective noun is somewhat variable : in
12, 12 and 23, 15 a single verb, closely following a collec-
tive, is in the sing. : of two verbs following, the nearer
is sing., the other plu., in this passage, in 13, 22, and
23, 12 : both are plu. in 12, 24. Where a verb or verbs
44 NOTES
precede the collective they are commonly plu., e.g. Dion
I. p. 69, 14 (M. 72), p. 149, 25 (M. 188), II. p. 278, 26
(M. 281). irpaws Kal IXapol, in good humor. Dion
is very apt to double his adjectives after the manner of
the rhetoricians. Cf . 2, 15 ; 21 ; 3, 23 ; 9, 3 ; 13, 15 ; 20, 20 ;
as well as many other passages throughout where two
expressions are used, but with a more considerable dif-
ference in shade of meaning, e.g. 6, 7 ; 15 ; 20.
Page 11. — 2. T)v 8€ tovto ktX., and this was danger-
ous, this business of their anger. The article serves to
hold up the idea expressed by the dependent genitive
more distinctly as an object of thought, very much as
the article often adds a demonstrative force to the infini-
tive. Cf. 1, 3. note. G. 953 ; H. 730 b. 4. ols dve-
Kpa-yov, with what they shouted out. Geel would amend
to ev^Kpayov, referring oh to toi)s dvdpdbirovs. ircpiTpe-
X0VT6S ISe'ovTo, ran about begging for their lives. 8. aXXot
8e: translate ?}ioreover. Cf. 4, ii. note. 9. irapiovTcs:
i.e. on the platform. ol 8 Ik ktX., answering to the
■jrapt6vT€s without the n^v. (jlcctcdv: notice the plural.
See Ruth, Bab. p. 74. 12. riva: cf. 1, 14. note.
13. €v0us (jjOc-y^afxc'vois, at their very first utterance. The
aorist here is complexive rather than inceptive, and
refers to the fact of their speaking at all as the cause of
the people's anger. The participle is predicative. Cf.
Xen. Sy7n. c. 3, 13 ; Hdt. VII. c. 46 ; Arist. Frogs, 644.
On the tense, see Gild. JM. p. 143 ; GMT. 148.
14. 86 KaGco-Tao-av : the true text here is uncertain.
All the better Mss. give a double augment, but differ
as to the verb-form. The majority have 5' iKadiad-ncav.
The editors since Emperius have emended this to 5k
KadiffTaa-av; before, to 5' eKudrjaav. It is, of course, im-
possible to decide on the authority of the Mss., none
of which is earlier than the eleventh century, whether
NOTES 45
the first € belonged originally to the preposition or the
verb. See the article in Ruth. Phryn. pp. 79-87, on
irregularities in the augmentation of certain verbs (not
including Kadl<xTfifxi). Matthew xii. 13, however, has
air€KaT€<TTadTi; also Mark iii. 5 ; Lucian, Philopat. c. 27,
dneKaTiaTrja-e. Cf. 9, 2 ; 13, 23 ; 24, 25. On Kadidraadai
in the sense of to be quiet, see Sell. p. 160. Cf. Dion I.
p. 29, 10 (M. 31) ; p. 275, 7 (M. 870) ; p. 283, 27 (M. 379).
Page 12. — 2. iroWds von Arnim places after ifxire-
(pevrevKaai, with deference doubtless to the veracity of
the prosecutor. 4. yv\^ : G. 1134 ; H. 746, c. 5. 8w-
peav : adv. Cf. /j-aKpav, 7, 13. virep tivos, for xohat
service. 6. av eXaPov : potential indicative. G. 1335-
40 ; H. 903. 7. Xeirovp-yia, at Athens in classic times,
meant a burdensome public service which the richer
citizens performed at their own expense, voluntarily or
by appointment, such as supplying and training a chorus
for the theatre. In the Roman period almost all public
ofi&ces were ' liturgies ' in this sense. The word some-
times meant the public worship of the gods, and, when
adopted by the Christian church, an established ritual
for public worship, our ' liturgy.' 9. -yi-yvone'vwv, earn-
ings. "Neque aliquam partem fructuum et redituum
solverunt." Nageorgus. Cf, Lucian, Dream, c. 1. Tbv
iraTipa evcppavelv aTrocpipojv del rb yiy pdfxevou. See also
15, 12. olteXcis, exempt from taxes. 10. cvep-ycTat :
the title of evepy^rrjs was conferred upon foreigners in
Greek cities by a vote of the assembly, in recognition
of some special service. Such a title was like an honor-
ary degree, but also entitled the recipient to certain
privileges.
11. otp.ai often means fancy, ween (Latin opinari), as
opposed to ijyciadai, deem (ducere), used of solid convic-
tion. Gild. JM. p. 111. Cf. 13, 17. jATiSe : "the neg.
46 NOTES
of the inf. after verbs of saying and thinking is regularly
OX). But in this period (the Eoman) the neg. fxi) is em-
ployed everywhere w^ith the inf." Gild. JM. p. 113.
Dion's frequent use of /at? for ov constitutes one of the
few distinct traces of a post-classical element in his
style. Cf. 18, 7. On Dion's use of m^?, see Sch. p. 99 ff.
See also the interesting article on the post-classical use of
1X7] in AJP. I. p. 45 ff. 12. aviviva-a : dvavedo} is the
opposite of /caraveuw, to nod assent. 14. lirio-Tpc'ij/as,
turning to the audience. So Geel ; while Reiske takes
evia-Tp^xpas = eiriffTpecp^ois elinbv, speaking impassionedly.
Cf. Hdt. I. c. 30. 15. oijTws : pregnans, so. owk av
(}>6dvoi|i€v kt\. , why donH we all proceed to plunder the
public property? Mahaffy. On the opt., see 4, 3. note.
On the tense of the part., see Gild. JM. p. 126 : " The
typical construction (of the part, with \av6dvu}^ Ty7xavw,
(pddpoi)) is identity of tenses, so far as continuance, at-
tainment, and completion is concerned, but the rule is
not closely observed except with (pedvco.''^ Cf. 6, 6. See
also GMT. 887 and 144. 17. dficXci, doubtless: adv.
19. |XTi 7r6i<ravT€s : another example of the post- classical /xij,
due in this instance perhaps to the fact that firj TreicravTes
had become almost a stereotyped phrase, generally with
a conditional force. See AJP. I. p. 55 ff. •unas:
referring to the body politic. 20. irpoiKa: gratis.
24. c-ycXwy, IGopvPovv : see 10, 22. note ; also 13, 22.
25. 6 pT|T<i)p Cobet regards as a gloss : cf. 10, 4. note.
Page 13. — 1. cts : not unknown after verbs of look-
ing, implying direction ; but irpos is more common in
Attic. 3. KaOdpjxaTOs, scamp., brute. 4. dTrd-yeiv,
hale to execution. Cf. Acts xii. 19, 'HpwSrjs 5k . . . dva-
Kplvas TOIL'S (pvXaKas eKiXevaev aTrax^^fat ; Philo, In Flac-
cum, c. 5 (II. p. 522 Mangey's edition) ; Justin M. Ap. II.
c. 2, 1. 48 and 59. No Greek magistrate, however, is
NOTES 47
likely to have had any such arbitrary power. The pas-
sage in the text therefore must be regarded as merely
oratorical, and must not be taken too literally. 4. oXi-yov
8^0), I am almost ready. koivwvov, associate. 5. el-
vai : TTvvddvofiai. takes the constructions of clkovu} : as a
verb of thinking, in the sense of lam ginen to understand,
it takes the inf. ; as a verb of knowing, the part, or 6'rt.
See 18, 4. note. Kopv(})ai'ovs, ringleaders. 7. n'nSe:
see 12,11. note. vava-yiwv : G. 1117 ; H, 748. 9. a-\t-
86v Ti : frequent in Dion, but not unknown to classical
authors. Cf. 1, 9. Ka({>T]piSas (sc. irerpas), the Ca-
pharides, the name given to the treacherous rocks off
Cape Caphareus. See note to 1. 18 below. 10. iroXv-
T€\€is, rich. 13. €|«|iC8a: the exomis, or ordinary gar-
ment of the slaves and of laborers, especially countrymen,
differed from the chiton commonly worn by all freemen
in that, while the latter covered both shoulders, the
exomis hung from the left shoulder alone, and passed
thence across the chest, leaving the right arm, shoulder,
and breast bare. Like the chiton, the exomis reached
nearly to the knees.
17. otfjiai : parenthetical. Cf. 6, 8. note. 18. Nav-
irXiov : king of Euboea, whose son Palimedes was killed
at Troy through the treachery of Ulysses and others.
At the end of the Trojan war, when the Greek army was
returning home, Nauplius kindled beacon fires on Cape
Caphareus, and many of the Greeks, arriving at the coast
by night, were misled by the lights and shipwrecked on
the rocks. Strabo, c. 368, and Eurip. Hel. 1136 ff.
ToWoi/s 8i TTvpaevaas
(f>\oy€pbv creXas ajitpl pvrau
'Ev^oiav, etX' 'AxcliCjv
/XOVOKCOTTOS dl>T]p TTeT/SOtS
48 NOTES
19. otfiai: cf. 12, 11. note. 22. T|7piovTo, loejit wild.
23. €5€8oiK£iv : for the augment, see notes on 9, 2 ; 11, 14.
|i^ ktX., G. 1378 ; 1073 ; H. 887 ; 725, a.
Page 14. — 1. kTTin.Kr\9, gentlema7ily. 3. o-xiinaros,
mien. (i€v : see 4, 15. note. The iireira elire conveys
the contrast. 4. 6o-iwini<rav : constructio ad sensum.
Cf. 10, 22. note. rfi <})a)vfj irpaus, in a quiet tone. G.
1182; H. 780. 5. on clSlkovo-iv : eiVetv, in the sense of
say., commonly takes 6'ri or is in classic Greek ; for eiirelv
originally gives the exact utterance (eVos). Gild. JM.
p. 128. But see AJP. XIV. p. 375 ; VI. 489 ; IV. 88.
Notice also the avoidance of the opt. in the secondary
sequence. tt^v dp-yriv : cf. 8, 13. note. The Mss. unite
in giving apy-fiv, Boissonade and von Arnim, however,
TTjv dpyov. See Ruth. Phryn. p. 185 ; Bab. p. 62 (Ixii. 1).
11. Toi 8vo jAcpt] : in the expression of a fraction in Greek,
the denominator is invariably omitted when it exceeds
the numerator by only one, e.g. two-thirds, three-fourths,
etc. Cf. Time. II. x. 2. 6p€ivd: i.e. waste. Von
Arnim, Dindorf, Emperius, after Pflugk, emend to eprffxd,
contrary to the Mss. eprj/xa certainly seems more natural.
6p€iv6s properly means pertaining to the mountains ; but
may perhaps be tolerated here as figurative. Cf . Babrius,
xii. 20 f., to which Rutherford quotes from Harpocration,
ipyas KoXeiTaL to. Xox/awSt; Kal opetva x^p^a /cat ovk iirepya-
^SfJLeva.
17. irpocrT€\€'o-ai|ii : sc. dv. el with the opt. in the prot-
asis and the opt. and (i;/ in the apodosis is aptly called
the ideal condition. "It is the condition of fancy, and
is chiefly used for illustration, or when an element of
hope or fear (wish) comes in. In later Greek et with
the opt. is not so sharply distinguished from idv with the
subj. as in the classic period, and occasional deviations
are to be found in all stages." Gild. JM. p. 108.
NOTES 49
17. StiXov: sc. €<ttL. 18. irXcovos : G. 1135; lUO ;
H. 753, f. 19- €V€pv6s: the use of this adjective in
its passive sense is not so common in the classic period.
Xenophon, however, uses it freely. Cf. Xen. Cyr. III.
ii. 19.
Page 15.-5. ^iis: G. 1091; H. 736. Cf. 11. 16.
6. tt4)op|i^v, capital, originally ' a starting-point.' Justm
M. Ap. I. c. 4, 25 ; c. 44, 27. For a discussion of this word,
see Ruth. Phryn. p. 304. 7. tI Svvaros: sc. ipyd^eadat.
9. a-rr^KXayiiivoi: sc. 2><xi. 10. dp-yias Kal ircvCas: this
perhaps for rhetorical effect. 11. i\6vTu>v: imperative.
Here Dion uses the more classical form ; in the next line,
however, the longer ending. 12. Ta|d|j.€voi, assessed.
T. ixo?pap 6\'n-nv is rendered by Nageorgus " constitutam
modicam partem." 13. diro Se tcov po<rKti|idT<ov: only
the cultivation of the public land was to be taxed, while
cattle-grazing on untilled land was to be free.
13. cdv vewpv^ : the " anticipatory condition." "This
is the common form, 1. Of the future condition ; 2. Of
the universal condition (good for all time) : it is chiefly
used in practical matters, and is the invariable form in
laws (legal condition)." Gild. JM. p. 105. 15. 8i-
TrXdo-iov 4i : cf. G. 1154 ; H. 755, a. 17. elvai : G. 1537-
40 ; H. 957, a ; GMT. 784, 2. Cf. Xen. Hel. I. vii. 9.
21. irpodo-Tciov, suburbs. 22. tcCxo^s: notice the
absence of the article. See Kr. 50, 2, 15 (also 47,
10, 4). 23. a|iov eav|j,d<rat, one may well wonder.
priTopwv: G. 1102; H. 744. 25. 8c, whereas.
Page 16. — 2. ot»8€v: see 12, ii. note. As Schmid
(p. 99), in commenting on Dion's use of ov and /xij, re-
marks, oi> has persisted in modern Greek only in the forms
5^^ and c5xt. Cf. 19, 19. 8. €|ipd\\€i : intransitive.
9. povXeuT^piov ktX., the seriate house and the public
offices. Cf. Xen. Cyr. I. ii. 3. For the formation, see
50 NOTES
G. 843; H. 561. 10. wo-re: see 6, 2. note. irpwrov:
Seidell's correction for irpiorovs.
14. TaXaiirwpovs ISiwras, poor commoners. On l8id}Tr)$,
see Xen. 3Iem. III. xii. 1. 17. XcoiroSvTwcriv, be sneak-
thieves. 18. TovTous eav, allow these men to remain
in possession. Cf. the expression ' No one is allowed
on the premises.' 18. viroTcXovvras : conditional.
19. TO Xoiirov: Sell. p. 125. o<rov ixerpiov, whatever
is reasonable. ircpl 8€ twv ktX., to remit their back
rents. 21. KartXaPovTo, i.e. they have a squatter's
right. 22. tov x<«>P^o": cf. 12, 4. 23. cXcIttovos:
G. 1133; H. 746. 25. IXoiSopovvTo : reflexive, they
stormed at each other.
Page 17. — 1. re'Xos: adv. povXojiai : note the
avoidance of the Opt. Cf. 3, 18. and 1. 14 below.
5. wp.T]v: see 13, 19. note. 6. 4>XvapovvTos : gen. abs.
with TovTov understood ; its object is dypois, etc. G.
1568 fine print; H. 972, a. 8. -qv: G. 1511 ; H. 871.
9. e8(0Ka(j.£v, rifiev: G. 1371; H. 884. 10. (xaKapicDv,
gentry. 12. kciv: anticipatory condition. Cf. 15, 13.
13. Iirrfveo-av, applauded.
18. apKcia: a late form for dpKTeia, adj. from dpKos or
dpKTos, a bear. But see Sch. p. 156. Tpd^cia, goat-skins.
19. aXXa 8c ktX., a7id what are not old are small. aXXa
is here equivalent to a rd p-ep, contrasted with the rd 5^
following. Cf. 11, 8.
Page 18. — 2. ay poiKov, farmer. 4. oiKoiicis: "dKovco,
as a verb of knowing, takes the participle, or 6ti ; as a
verb of thinking, the inf. ; of actual perception, the gen.
and partic." Gild. JM. p. 124. Cf. 28, 18. 5. rdXav-
Tov : the word originally meant a balance, then a stand-
ard weight, then a sum of money. The archon, of course,
meant the money talent : the countryman knew the talent
only as a weight, about 85 pounds in his time. The
NOTES 51
English have this double use of pound.. 6. GtXoijxcv:
this is the only optative in simple indirect discourse in
this text. The very next question, 1. 12, depending
upon the identical verb-form rjpibTa, has its verb in the
pres. ind. See 2, 5. note, and also 2, 7. lo-rapiev,
weigh. 7. 8i8ojx€v, we are ready to give: so used in
pres. and imp. 9. o-KeXCScs kt\. , sides of bacon, veni-
son, and other fine meat. ■yevvata : see 29, 3. note.
13. Avo fjicSCuvovs ktX., three bushels of icheat, six of
barley and as many of millet, and a half a peck of beans.
The medimnus, the standard grain measure, was equal
to about U bushels. The eKrei/s (from ^ktos, e^) was a
sixth part of a medimnus. 16. t-htcs, this year: an
unusual word in literature, but perhaps common enough
to a countryman : it occurs three times in Aristophanes.
21. oircos Tilei: G. 1372, fine print; 1352; H. 885-6.
Lys. xii. 50.
Page 19. — 3. €Tra<}>a)o-iv (e7r-a0-t77;iit), leave them on
the vines. I'va : parenthetical use of iVa with the subj.
as the inf. is sometimes used in English. Out of tm with
the subj. the modern Greek infinitive was developed.
Cf. Xen. Sym. ii. 26. 5. j3ovs koXoPtj, a muJoy cow.
6. Spe'irava, SiKcWai, sickles, mattocks. 9. to. Be Kcpd-
jjicia, as for the crockery — lohy should one speak of that.
Note the use of the pot. opt. in a rhetorical question,
implying its own answer. 11. Suo-l: this form is not
used by Herodotus or any Attic writer. It is found,
however, in Hippocrates and Aristotle, and in later
writers generally. It is common in Dion [I. p. 110, 14
(M. 145); 249, 11 (M. 342); II. p. 197, 12 (M. 640); 224,
11 (M. 667)]. 12. o-iTcLpiov : see 27, 16. note.
17. €K€ivov: G. 1123; H. 751-2. 17. hoi8ok€iv: of.
2, 21. G. 1534 ; H. 956. 20. irpos Piav : a common use
of irpos in adverbial phrases. Kr. 68, 39, 8 ; Sch. p. 168.
52 NOTES
dXXorpCcDv, foreigners. Here the speaker replies to the
insinuation, made by the first speaker, that he was not
a citizen (12, ii). Further on (20, 19 ff.) he refers to
the attempt to blacken his character by the suggestion
that he and his companion caused the wreck of ships in
order to plunder the wreckage and the bodies washed
ashore (13, 7 ff.). For the case, see G. 1118 ; H. 748, a.
21. cirei Toi, for you know. '■'■ rot appeals to the con-
sciousness of the hearer." Gild. JM. p. 114. eTre^
TOL is a common formula in Dion. See Sch. p. 187.
22. iraTpos: G. 1103; H. 742, c. Kai -ttotc ckcivos kt\.,
"cum fieret aliquando, ut, in urbem appulsus, interve-
niret largitioni numariae, tulit et ipse partem suam
ratam." Reiske. It was of course the best proof of
citizenship that a man should have been allowed to share
in a ' state dole.' Of. Lucian, Timon, c. 49. SiSojievw
is predicative. The pred. part, is often best rendered in
English by a verbal noun ; the substantive must then be
translated by a genitive. Such a participial phrase may
be in any of the constructions possible to a verbal noun,
e.g. pufxrjv Kal i] vrjao^ ifxirpTjOeiaa irapeix^'^, Thuc. IV. c.
29. Cf. the familiar use of the part, in Latin, e.g. ab
urbe condita. See Kr. 56, 10, 2 ; 60, 11, 3.
Page 20. — 4. <)>avTivai : note the aor. inf. after the
fut. verb. G. 1520. 6. el fiVj yi : elliptical. Cf. 28, 21.
Xoi8opov(ji6vov, ivith his tongue. 11. Ka06\ov|X£v : a late
fut. of Kadacp^ix}. Cf. Anth. Plan. 334. oirws 8w<r€Te :
see 18, 21. note. 13. x^^Hi-^vos : the gen. of time died
out in ordinary Greek. The Atticists revived its use in
their effort after classic elegance. But in classic Greek
the gen. denoted only time within which; the Atti-
cists used it also to denote duration. Sch. p. 90. Cf. I.
p. 205, 27 (M. 116) ; II. 106, 10 (M. 549) ; 138, 29 (M.
582) ; 210, 18 (M. 053).
NOTES 53
15. il Be ktX. : the logical condition. See Gild. JM.
p. 111. The el 5^ resumes the thought of iav 5i (1. 9),
what intervenes being parenthetical. On the ov, see
Gild. JM. p. 214. The sentence is conditional only in
form ; the fact of their not living in the city is asserted,
and therefore ov is used. 16. <rT€vox.a)pia, misery : a
post-classical meaning. Cf. Dion, I. p. 252, 23 (M. 345);
Dion Cassius, xxxix. 34, r^s toO Katpov o-Tej/oxwp^as,
the hardness of the times ; 2 Corinthians vi. 4. See Sch.
p. 163. The word originally meant only ' narrowness of
space.' 17. ov Brjirov, / should not think. This is the
only sentence in which he pleads for his home. On
Dion's use of ov ot/ttou for the post-classical ovx oTou, see
Sch. p. 184. 19. See 13, 7. 24. Kal onovv, any-
thing at all : the Kai merely emphasizes the following
word.
Page 21. — 1. ri^pav, splinters ; properly ashes. Dion
may have been reading Plutarch, Them. c. 8, where the
debris left by the burning of the wreckage at Artemesium
is called k6vi.v Te<ppd}8T]. o-fjLiKpd = /xiKpa. See Meister-
hans : Gram. d. Att. Inschr. p. 68, 12. 3. rappovs, oar-
blades : Jacobs' suggestion for the \dpovs of the Mss.,
which von Arnim retains. 4. Kal tovtous : epanalep-
tic use of the demonstrative, frequent in Dion, also in
Xenophon. Sch. p. 94. 6. etr] : G. 1507; H. 870.
10. 4>a-yeiv, iriciv : G. 1532, 1 ; H. 951. Cf. 22, 22 ; 24 ;
25, 13. 12. olKou|i€vwv, settlements. 14. os "ye, /
who. Often in Dion the rel. with ye or ye Kai is used
in a causal sense. Sch. p. 93.
Page 22. — 2. Xo-yw, 'e'pYO) : an antithesis sanctioned
by immemorial usage. 5. Kal os : demonstrative use of
6's. Cf. Plato, Phaedo\l%: b &i>dpu}iroi e^eKd\v\pev avrdv,
Kai OS ra 6/xfj.aTa eo-rtja-ev. See also 3, 1. note. 6. rpC-
Tov cTos : G. 1064; H. 721. 7. iravTtXws bXi'^oi tiv€s,
54 NOTES
mighty few. On tlv4s with the adj., see 1, 14. note.
10. (jjao-KwXCois : diminutive of (pdaKioXos (Latin pasceo-
lus), a leathern purse. The word is rare and late.
11. "Yvfjivol, destitute. dTpairov, path. 12. evprjo-eiv :
G. 1286; H. 948, a. Cf. the aor. diacpdaprjvai, 1. 14.
<rKCTri]v, shanty.
17. ovK d6p6ov, dWd : Dion is fond of such antith-
eses, where the negative member often adds nothing to
the sense, but emphasizes the positive. Sch. p. 172.
20. dveXaPov diretl/vyiievovs, brought us hack to life, for
we were half dead. 21. KaraKXivavrcs : causative.
22. ols: G. 1181 ; H. 776. 23. l<t>0V> boiled: cf.23, i.
25. Kpea : obj. of '^dwKav.
Page 23. — 1. rd 8€ : see 3, i. note. 6. xi'''«viov:
the frequency of diminutives in this text is very notice-
able, x''^'^ "'«''» however, properly meant an undergar-
ment, commonly the under-tunic worn by women. In
later times, when both men and women wore under-
tunics, the men's garment was called xi''''»"'tV/fos, although
Plutarch uses this word for both sexes. See Eustathius
on Diad. xviii. 595; Becker, Gharicles, p. 417. 7. pd-
Kos, rag. TrcpictwcraTO : i^ujupv/xi.
13. x°''^P*» '*o'^ ^''^ 2/^'* -^ The ordinary word of greet-
ing, 14. €<j)C\ouv, kissed. The Scholiast says: "To
kiss one's friends was a Persian custom ; but among
the Greeks it was countrified, for men in the cities shook
hands with one another. From this custom came the
phrase de^ioGa-dai. But even among the Persians, not
every one who met an acquaintance greeted him with a
kiss, but only an equal ; an inferior bowed, while one
still lower stood aside from the walk." Cf. Xen. Ag.
V. 4 ; Cyr. I. iv. 27-28 ; Hdt. I. c. 134. Mahaffy recalls
Plutarch, Conjug. Praecepta,, c. 13. 17. ttiv dpxtiv : an
Attic expression, for which Polybius uses i^ dpx^s or
NOTES 55
rds dpxois. Sch. p. 110. Cf. 16, 24. 19. Trpvravtiov,
town-hall, a building consecrated to Hestia and con-
taining the hearth of the state. Here the chief magis-
trates held their meetings, and foreign ambassadors and
sometimes citizens, distinguished for some special service,
were entertained. eirl ^c'via, to dinner: Dindorf's cor-
rection for the i-rrl ^evig. of the Mss. See Cobet, Var.
Lcct. p. 81. Cf. Hdt. V. c. 18 ; Xen. Anab. VI. i. 3 ; Hel.
VI. IV. 20.
Page24. — 4. Qvyaripa: G. 1069 ; H. 724. 5. ciri-
8ovvai, xj/'ri<j)io-ao-0at (8), Sovvai (10) : sc. doKec. See 23,
19 ; 15, 17. note. x''''""^^'' iK-driov : the garments of the
Greeks were of two classes, evdv/jLara and ewt.- or irepL^Xr]-
fiara. The ordinary evdv/xa was the chiton. For men
this was commonly a short woollen shirt without sleeves ;
the women's chiton reached to the ground. See 13, 13.
note. The himation was the ordinary Trepi^X-qfxa, and
differed from the Roman toga in being nearly square.
Athen. v. c. 50. See Becker, Charicles, p. 413 ff.
7. SiKaiois: G. 928, 1; H. 941. 9. ixriSe'va : G. 1519;
H. 1023. 11. KaTaoTKeuiqv, outfit.
16. 8vva<rat : note the avoidance of indirect discourse.
21. Tpoirov : adverbial. 22. dtrwixoo-dfii^v : cf. 9, ii.
The Mss. add Xi^rpea-dai, some, of inferior authority, in-
serting also fx-^. Von Arnim, following Wilamowitz,
rejects the reading. XdpT) : G. 1358-9 ; 1490 ; H. 866,
3. "A question in the subj. expects an answer in the
imperative ; hence the person is chiefly the first person.
Occasionally we find this subj. question used as a purely
indicative fut. (Luke 11, 5), in which the earlier and
later stages of the language meet." Gild. JM. p. 136.
23. KaTopv^-g : cf. 19, 14. 25. rivcoxX-ilo-e : note the
double augment. See 11, 14. note.
56 NOTES
CHAPTER IV
Fortunatus et ille, deos qui novit agrestis
Panaque Silvanumque senem Nymphasque sorores.
ilium non populi fasces, iion purpura regum
flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres.
quos rami fructus, quos ipsa voleutia rura
sponte tulere sua, carpsit nee ferrea iura
insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Virgil, Georgics II. 493 ff.
3. iroXtTas: G. 1069; H. 724.
8. The description which follows here has so close a
parallel in Plato's Republic (11. 372) that Dion seems
to have taken the detail of his picture directly from
his master in philosophy. 10. (TTipdSos, bedstead.
12. wpaCa ^diiov : G. 1145 ; H. 754, e. wpaios alone was
used in this sense. Cf . Babrius xcviii. 1. Here it may be
translated grown up. 14. irapaTiGt'vTes, i.e. serving
the meal. 19. o-aTpairciiv Kal PacriXecov, nabobs and
kings. Perhaps Dion was thinking of certain Asiatic
princes who retained some nominal authority by favor
of the Romans.
Page 26. — 2. €ti jxaWov, all the more^ repeating the
idea of fidXiara (25, 19). t€ Kal eXevGtpCav, and at the
same time the independence. 4. dWd ktX., but even
had someivhat the advantage (of rich men) iji these
things. irXeovcKT^o} often takes a gen. of the person and
dat. of the thing. Cf. Xen. Cyr. IV. iii. 21, en 5', c^t;,
kolI Tot<r5e irXeoveKTrja-u toO itnroKevTavpov. The antithesis
is similar to that in 22, 17.
8. ovK d-ycvv^s : litotes, a common figure in Dion. Cf.
NOTES 57
1, 7 ; 27, 16, etc. See Sch, p. 170. 9. T|pv0pia(r€v,
blushed.
14. AvTTi : see 23, 6, 16. Kal os : see 3, i. note.
Cf. Plato, Prot. 310 D. 17. irpos : an unusual and
late use of the preposition. Sch. p. 168. €8607) : cf.
Babrius xcviii. 4. 8l5oj/xl yij/xai. 19. The wife is quick
to resent this reflection on their happiness, and the
insinuation that her daughter married for money.
20. \a|xpdvou(ri, receive presents.
Page 27. — 3. ire'pvo-i Se irap' avrwv : the rripvcri. is due
to Casaubon, the rest to Wilamowitz. 4. ij/iXov, mere :
an odd use, but found in classical Greek. €v0vs: used
properly only with gen. abs. and participial phrases, e.g.
dp^d/xevos evdi/s KaOiaTafxiuov (sc, tov ttoX^/j.ov'), Thuc. 1. 1. 1 ;
ToTs KoXo?5 ei/dijs ISSptcs edvoi yLyv6/j.€da, Isoc. x. 66. Here
yevofi^vrjs might be supplied with depeias ; but cf. vapa-
XPVfJ-a rri% evepyealas, Dion I. p. 148, 33 (M. 187). The
gen. alone with evdm may seem less strange when it is
remembered that in later Greek ivdv$ was often confused
with evdv which took the gen. directly, but always of
place. evOvs in this sense has a partial parallel in the
English use of ' directly.' For examples see Kr. 56, 10, 3 ;
Ruth. Phryn. p. 222 f. 7. T|pu0pia(rdTTiv : the dual had
entirely disappeared before Dion's time : its use by the
Atticists was something of an affectation. Cf. 1. 25.
10. )Ji,€iSid(ras, smiling.
16. cre^viov : another diminutive. Cf. 19, 12 ; 1. 22 ;
29, 17, and elsewhere. These words are evidently used
to give to the language of these Euboean peasants a cer-
tain homely flavor, and call to mind the very frequent
use of diminutive forms in the spoken language of modern
Greece. Sch. p. 162. ce\-rimov is used by Athenaeus
(vii. c. 3), and also by Theophrastus. Greek weddings
were most frequently held in the bridal month, Gamelion.
68 NOTES
Morel, in his scholia on this passage, quotes from Sopho-
cles, Frag. 713 (which, however, has nothing to do with
weddings) :
UpSauira KoXXvPovaa Kal TrXrjpovfi^vT].
On superstitions about the full moon see Plutarch, Quaest.
Horn. c. 77, evTQKelv yap iv rats TravaeXrjvoLS fidXiaTa doKovai.
19. €\a<|>ov kt\., I can track dovjn a stag and meet the
charge of a wild boar. This use of KaTairov^uj is post-
classical : it is found also in Plut. and Luc. Sch. p. 160.
22. 6\aPes : translate run down. XivapCw, snare : a
vulgarism. Sch. p. 161.
Page 28. — 2. rj^(rxvv^y\., was embarrassed. 5. Upeiov,
sacrifice. irpiriTat : v. sub oiviofiai.
10. "yevvaiov, a fine one. 11. €<}>ti, said yes. Kal
iToQiv <roi : G. 1171 ; H. 770. 12. rcKva, litter.
14. d\6 vTi ktX., the pig was evidently stunned, and the
young man, in order that he might not kill it or let it
escape, wrapped it up in the skin which he was wearing.
See 13, 14, The reading here and the explanation are
due to Geel : the Mss. give /cat dXXoi to 84pfji.a eiri^aXov.
15. Kw[XT) : cf. 8, 10. 16. xotpov, a young porker^ i.e.
a young domestic pig : x^^^P^^ was used especially of a
sucking pig. Ath. ix. c. 17 and 54 ; Homer, Od. xiv. 80.
The wild pig in this case was of the wrong gender (cf.
ivhs 1. 13 and ttjs avos 1. 19). Although in 1. 5 the father
speaks of sacrificing to the gods in general, yet it was to
Hera especially, as the goddess of marriage and child-
birth, that sacrifice was offered on the wedding day. It
was the custom that the animal should be of the same
sex as the divinity to whom it was sacrificed.
17. TttvTa apa, then that was xohy . 18. oikovcov: cf.
18, 4. note. 20. cvpotSes, chestnuts. Euboea was
famous for its chestnuts, hence the name. The more
NOTES 59
common name was Kdpva Kaarava'ia or Kaarava. The
Euboean chestnuts were given a had name by Mnesi-
theus for indigestibility (Ath. ii. c. 43). 21. paXdvovs,
acorns. The word was often used of nuts in general.
Athenaeus (ii. c. 41-43) speaks of the Ai6s ^aXavov, evi-
dently the walnut, and in the same chapter he calls this
very Euboean chestnut /SaXavos : U-mfiov Kdpv6v re Eu-
^oe'es, /3dXarov U fxeTe^irepoL Ka\i<javTO. The sense of the
passage, however, seems to be : there were not enough
chestnuts to fatten her, unless she had been willing to
eat acorns with them. The pig was evidently too dainty
to eat the ordinary mast, kavtis was often used of num-
ber and quantity, regularly so in the New Testament
(6xXos iKav6s, Acts xi. 24 ; iKavov xp<^^o^^ ^cts xiv. 3).
Cf. Tpb Uapov, Dion II. p. 295, 1 (M. 298). For ei p.-fi ye
von Arnim conjectures rj m^^, a doubtful improvement
even if it had Ms. authority. 22. iropevecCs : note the
use of the part, to particularize the action of the verb.
It is used here and in 1. 5, and gives color to the language
of these peasants. The idiom is as old as Homer, but in
Hellenistic Greek has been regarded by some as an Ori-
entalism, especially in the Septuagint, where it is often
in imitation of the Hebrew inf. abs. (Winer, N, T. Gram-
mar, ed. of 1873, pp. 354-5). Sch. p. 97.
Page 29.-2. ova, sorb-apples, the fruit of the ser-
vice-tree, Pyrus (Sorbus) domestica, akin to the moun-
tain ash. These berries ripened in the fall, and were split
for eating [cf. wo-Trep ol to. 6a (rifivovres), Plato, Sym.
190 E.]. |jt€<ririXa, medlars. "The medlar is a small
bushy tree related to the crab-apple, wild in central and
southern Europe, but introduced from western Asia. Its
fruit resembles a small brown-skinned apple, but with
a broad disk at the summit surrounded by the remains
of the calyx lobes. When first gathered it is harsh and
60 NOTES
uneatable ; but in the early stages of decay it acquires
an acid flavor much relished by some. Shak. As Yoii
Like It, III. 2, 123." Cent, Diet. 3. rr\s -yevvaias trra-
<J)u\t1s kt\., plump cluster's of fine grapes. Schmid (p. 113)
calls attention to the application of the adj. yewalos to
lifeless objects, and says that the word was lacking alto-
gether in the later language ; that Plato and Xen. use it
of animals. Schmid also marks the word as occurring
only once in Dion, doubtless in this sense. The word,
however, occurs five times in this text alone ; once of
men (yewaioi ra au/xara, 9, 3), once of meat (18, 10),
twice of vines (19, i ; 29, 3), and once of an animal for
sacrifice (lepeiou, 28, lo). Plato (Laios, 844 E.) uses this
identical phrase yevpaiav a-racpvXriv and yewaia avKa.
5. airo, from the stains of: cf. Dion I. p. 82, 18 (M. 85).
6. TTTcpiSa, fern. 8. iraiSids, jokes. 9. dprovs Ka-
Oapovs, loaves made of fine flour, dpros meant a loaf of
wheat bread, while /xd^a was of barley. Cf. 22, 23 ; 8, i.
For the meaning of ica^apo's, see Ath. iii. c. 74 : avyKoixiardu
— TOVTO 5* eivai 0?7(rt Kai 6iaxwpr;Ti/cc6re/)o;' toO Kadapov,
10. cod kt\., boiled eggs on wooden platters and roasted
vetches. "Phaenias, in his book about plants, says:
Pulse, beans, and vetches, when they are tender, are used
for dessert ; but when they are dry, they are usually eaten
boiled or roasted." Ath. ii. c. 44. Roasted ip^jStpdoi must
have been a great delicacy, for it is said of one man that
Tpwyoiv ipe^ivdovs aireirviyq Tr€<f>pvyfJL4vov5.
12. The party is now complete, and around their fire-
side on this fall evening, over their supper of fruit and
nuts, they talk about the wedding.
Trap -rrvpl XPV TOiavra X^yeiv x^i-l^^fo^ ^^ ^PV
€v kXlv]] fxaXaKij KaTaKeijxevov, '4p.ir\eov Svra,
trlvovTa y\vKi>v olvov, vTroTpwyovr' ipe^ivdovi.
Ath. ii. c. 44.
NOTES 61
And see also Aristoph. Peace, 1131-37. 13. dS€\({>i-
Zr\v, niece. 15. irap' tjixwv, on our side. The Mss. give
Trap' r]fx?Vy which Emperius emends. 16. aX<j)iTa Kal
aXcvpa, meal and flour (of barley and wheat; cf. Plato,
Bep. 372 B.), doubtless to sprinkle over the sacrifice.
Cf. Homer, Od. xiv. 429. For a full account of a sac-
rifice, see Od. iii. 418-463. These ceremonies remained
essentially unaltered in later times. See Guhl and Koner :
Life of the Greeks and Bomans, tr. from 3d ed. p. 283 ff.
17. olvapiov: cf. 27, IG. The word is found in Dem. and
in comic writers. Sch. p. 128. olvdpiop often meant a
poor, cheap wine, a phrase which recalls the English
' small beer.' Athenaeus (iii. c. 9) quotes from Apollo-
dorus of Carystos:
ttXtjv rb olvapiov ir&vv
^V 6^V Kal TTOVIJpdv, (VCTT T^o'xvvd/J.'rjv.
And again (ii. c. 56), irielv olvdpiov Jjv dfx<pl^o\ov. The iu-
nocens Lesbium of Horace (Carm. I. 17, 21) is called
olvdpLov in Ath. i. c. 51. 19. t6v kiiSco-ttiv, his future
father-in-law.
Page 30. — 2. 6 €ir€x<«>v, the one who is keeping us
back. 3. |jL€'v : solitarium. Cf. 4, 15. 4. tov Xtirovs
Siappa-yiqo-cTai, is ready to burst with fat. 5. opa, take
care. 6. ovtos vfiiv, your friend here. 8. avrov,
than his wont: cf. Thuc. I. viii. 3: w's irXva-iuTepoL iav-
tQv yLyv6/j.€voi. 12. dXiicav, distracted. 13. dviaorOai,
be teased. 17. trpoo-neivai ttjv T)|ji^pav, to stay until
the day.
INDEX
OF MATTERS TREATED IN THE NOTES
[The figures refer to pages and lines in the text.]
GREEK
d/coi/w, 18, 4.
dWd, 4, 11.
dXXos, 4, 11 ; 17, 19.
&\((>LTOV, 29, 16.
dvavevoj, 12, 12.
a^irdyoj, 13, 4.
dirofivv/xai, 9, 11 ; 24, 22.
dpyri, 14, 5.
dpKeios, 17, 18.
dpx'^'', TTji/, 23, 17.
Atto, 6, 3.
avrSfxaros, 10, 18.
dcpopfi-q^ 15, 6.
/^dXai/os, 28, 21.
/SacriXeiJs, 6, 1 ; 25, 19.
yevvoLos^ 29, 3.
5^, 3, 1 ; 23, 1.
5t5w/x(, 9, 12 ; 18, 7.
bv<ji, 19, 11.
et 5^ fXT], 9, 12.
ei M7? 7f, 20, ; 28, 21.
e^Kcifw, 2, 16.
eiTTOJ', 14, 5.
ets, 13, 1.
iK, 3, 1 ; 5, 13.
^i/Tos, 15, 22.
i^u}IJ.is, 13, 13.
ivLO-Tpi^as, 12, 14.
ip^^Lvdos, 29, 10.
ev^otdes, 28, 20.
evepy^TTjs, 12, 10.
ei)^t;s, 27, 4.
ifxdTiou, 24, 5.
tW, 19, 3.
Kadapvs^ 29, 9.
Ka^eXcD, 20, 11.
/cai, 20, 24.
Karairov^o}^ 27, 19.
Ko07jpt5€s, 13, 18.
Ko jLidw, 2, 19.
Xdpos, 21, 3.
XeiTovpyia, 12, 7.
XotTTOJ/, t6, 16, 19.
fxaKdpLos, 5, 12 ; 17, 10.
63
64
INDEX
fxaKpdv, 3, 10.
li^di/xvos, 18, 13.
/i^v, 4, 15; 14, 3; 30, 3.
fji^aoi, 11, 9.
Ix^cttlKov^ 29, 2.
)iiT^, 3, 19; 12, 11; 19; 13, 7.
Nai/TrXios, 13, 18,
^^j/m, ^TTt, 23, 19.
oifxai, 6, 8 ; 12, 11 ; 13, 17 ;
19 ; 17, 5.
oirrjviKa, 9, 8.
opeivSs, 14, 11.
Kal OS, 3,1; 22, 5 ; 26, 15.
6's 76, 21, 14.
dafXTj, 8, 5.
6(TTIS, 1, 8.
Srav^ 3, 15.
ov, 20, 15.
ouS^j', 16, 2.
oSov, 29, 2.
oi/ros, 21, 4.
nXeoveKTiu), 26, 4.
7r/)6s, 19, 20 ; 26, 17.
irpvrapeiov, 23, 19.
irvvddvofiai, 13, 5.
aarpdirris, 25, 19.
(njixaivu}, 8, 14.
(rrewxwp/a, 20, 16.
(TUV, 10, 16.
crxe56j' Ti, 1, 9 ; 13, 9.
rdXavTov, 18, 5.
rappds, 21, 3.
r^(ppa, 21, 1.
TT/rej, 18, 16.
TLs, 1, 14; 22, 8.
Toi, 19, 21.
rKxiv, 1, 5.
(pdpay^, 10, 17.
Xet.ij.€piv6s, 8, 13.
Xo?/)os, 28, 16.
XiTwv, 24, 5.
;//tX6s, 27, 4.
(^6j', 29, 10.
cJpaios, 25, 12.
cJs, 3, 23 ; 4, 17.
ws At', 6, 8.
wcrre, 6, 2.
ENGLISH
Antithesis, 22, 17.
Aorist, 11, 13.
Article, 1,3; 11, 2.
Augment, 9, 2 ; 11, 14 ; 13,
23 ; 24, 25.
Conditions, 14, 17 ; 16, 13 ;
17, 12 ; 20, 15.
Conjunctions, 2, 11.
Constructio ad sensum, 10,
22 ; 12, 24 ; 14, 4.
Diminutives, 6, 3; 19, 12;
22, 10; 23, 6; 27, 16;
22 ; 29, 17.
Dual, 27, 7.
INDEX
65
Fractions, 14, 11.
Genitive, 17, 6; 20, 13.
Imperative, 15, 11.
Imperfect, 10, 15.
Indicative, potential, 12, 6.
Infinitive, 2, 21 ; 4, 13.
Litotes, 26, 8.
Marriage customs, 27, 16.
Optative, 1, 5 ; 2, 5 ; 7 ; 3,
14 ; 18 ; 4, 3 ; 12, 15 ; 18,
6 ; 19, 9.
Participles, 2, 15; 11, 13;
12, 15 ; 19, 22 ; 28, 22.
Pluperfect, 9, 12.
Prepositions, 2, 13.
Relatives, 2, 20.
Sacrifices, 28, 16 ; 29, 16.
Subjunctive, 24, 22.
Swearing, verbs of, 9, 11.
Theatres, 10, 15.
Thinking, verbs of, 2, 12.
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