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ABOUT 
 
 TOBACCO 
 
 AND 
 
 ITS DELETERIOUS EFFECTS 
 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR: 
 
 HivSTORY OF The Ohio Country Between the 
 Years 1783 and 1815; IncIvUding MiIvITary Oper- 
 ations THAT Twice Saved to The United States 
 THE Country West of the Ai^i^egheny Moun- 
 tains After the Revoi^utionary War. 8vo. 
 
 History of The Maumee River Basin: Em- 
 bracing Best Important Historic, Ci^imatic, 
 Agricui^tural and Business Regions of North- 
 western Ohio incIvUding THE Great Petroi^eum 
 and Gas Districts; Northeastern Indiana, 
 AND Southern Michigan. Imperial 8vo, 688 
 pag-es. Illustrated with Maps, Plans, Weapons 
 and Pioneer Articles of Utility, Forts, Rivers, 
 Landscapes, Etc. 
 
 History of Frances Slocum; For Sixty-nine 
 Years Captive With Dei^aware and Miami 
 Aborigines During Their most Savage History. 
 A Study in Civilized Heredity' vs. Savage and 
 Eater Barbarous Environment. Thin 8vo, 
 Well Illustrated. 
 
 History of The Si^ocums, Slocumbs and Si,o- 
 coMBS OF America; Genealogical, Biographi- 
 cal, Marriages, and Descendants in Both Male 
 AND Female Lines; From A. D. 1637 to 1908. 
 Two Volumes 8vo; Vol. I, 644 pages, Published 
 1882; Vol. II, 559 pages, Additional to Vol. I, Pub. 
 1908. Both Vols. Well Illustrated. 
 
 White Children and Adults Captive With 
 THE Savage Aborigines in the Ohio Country. 
 12mo. Illustrated. 
 
 The Deleterious Effcts of Fiction Reading. 
 12mo. 
 
 Address THE SEOCUM PUBLISHING CO., 
 Toledo, Ohio. 
 
ABOUT 
 
 TOBACCO 
 
 AND 
 
 ITS DELETERIOUS EFFECTS 
 
 A BOOK FOR EVERYBODY, BOTH 
 USERS AND NON-USERS 
 
 B Y 
 
 CHARLES ELIHU SLOCUM, M. D., PH. D., LL. D. 
 
 (CoL'UMBiA University, and University of Pennsylvania) 
 Member of Local, Ohio State, and The Amer- 
 ican Medical Associations 
 
 There is neither tobacco nor alcoholic beverage in 
 
 the science of good health or the conditions 
 
 for true manhood 
 
 1909 
 THE SLOCUM PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 TOLEDO, OHIO 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
?; 
 
 
 f^^ 
 
 QlY^2cf(XJzL^^ 
 
 TO LIVE PROPERLY REQUIRES 
 
 a conscience and will cultured 
 
 to duly respect the health of 
 
 body and mind of self, and the 
 
 rights of others. 
 
TO THE 
 
 FREE MEN AND FREE WOMEN 
 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 This Book 
 
 Is Respectfully Dedicated 
 
 In Recognition of Their Freedom 
 
 From the Slavery of Narcotics 
 
 And the Exemplariness thereby Exhibited 
 
 206902 
 
^ THE CRAVING FOR TOBACCO, OR ANY 
 OTHER NARCOTIC 
 
 is but a perversion of ph3'siolo^ic, healthful 
 appetite which, if gratified, soon leads to 
 perversion and destruction of the victim's 
 will, or the facult}' of conscious or deliberate 
 action to quit what appeals to ever}^ clean, 
 well-informed mind as an unclean and most 
 sinful habit against self, and against the 
 human race. 
 
wrr I nc 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The writer, a physician of over forty years 
 practical experience, like all physicians of 
 ample patronage, has seen very largely of 
 the baneful effects of tobacco, as enumer- 
 ated on succeeding pages. He is impelled 
 by a sense of duty to put forth this book in 
 hope to awaken the conscience and sense of 
 propriety of users of tobacco, and to warn 
 all non-users, including the young, against 
 beginning its use. 
 
 It is hoped that the reader may herein be 
 shown, forcefully, that the use of tobacco is 
 one of the most unnatural, useless, and worst 
 of habits, from the continued efforts and 
 sickness necessary to form the habit, from 
 its impairment of body and mind, its en- 
 slavement of the will, its disgusting en- 
 croachments on the pure air and other rights 
 of those not addicted to it, and its further 
 sinfulness in its entailment of degeneracy. 
 
 From the writer's observations among his 
 patrons a large book could be written ; but 
 it appears to him preferable to bring togeth- 
 er in small compass, for the general reader, 
 succinct statements of many medical men, 
 prominent in the different lines of profes- 
 sional activity in different countries, rather 
 than let the evidence, herein given against 
 the use of tobacco, rest on individual testi- 
 mony. 
 
When a young man, the writer, hke so 
 many others, 'learned to use tobacco' and 
 continued its use for several years in what is 
 called moderation by the average user. Be- 
 fore entering upon the study of medicine, 
 however, the ill effects of the weed became 
 so apparent to him that he threw into the 
 falls of Niagara nearly all of the last cigar 
 he lighted, the holder with it. Fortunately 
 he had enough of moral courage and strength 
 of will left to overcome the habit's craving 
 for continuance; and he has since been en- 
 tirely free from tobacco. During all of these 
 forty-five years of freedom, he has not ceased 
 to be thankful for his deliverance from 
 one of the most unnatural, enslaving, and 
 degenerating of habits. 
 
 The writer has thus had ample personal 
 experience with tobacco and, having for 
 many years had in mind the publication of 
 evidence against its use, his observations of 
 its ill effects have probably been closer on 
 this account. He fully accords with the 
 strong indictment against the habit shown 
 on the succeeding pages of this book. 
 
 Charles Elihu Slocum. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, December, 1909. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 
 I 
 
 The Discovery of Tobacco and of its 
 Habitual Uses .... 
 
 PAGE 
 13 
 
 II 
 
 
 Tobacco's Place in the Vegetable 
 Kingdom 
 
 16 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 The Component Parts of Tobacco 
 
 21 
 
 IV 
 
 
 The Poisonous Action of Tobacco 
 
 24 
 
 V 
 
 
 The Pathologic (Diseasing) Effects 
 of Tobacco 
 
 30 
 
 VI 
 
 
 Further Mention of Diseases Caused 
 by Tobacco 
 
 35 
 
 Vii 
 
 1 
 
 Tobacco Impairs the Functions of 
 
 Both Body and Mind ... 43 
 
 VIII 
 
 Tobacco Begets Indolence, and In- 
 difference to Propriety, and to 
 Well-Being ..... 49 
 
 IX 
 
 Tobacco Causes Organic Degenera- 
 tions, and the Transmission of De- 
 generacy 55 
 
Contents — Continricd 
 X 
 
 Questions Answered. The Corrupters. 
 Reformers Wanted For Their Sup- 
 pression ..... 62 
 
 IT IS THE INHERENT RIGHT OF 
 CHILDREN to be born healthful; and to be 
 led and guided, and held, only along the 
 paths of purity of body and mind, to the 
 strenghtening of the judgment, and the will, 
 for their freedom of thought and action 
 along the lines of the pure, and the right, 
 in all things. 
 
13 
 
 I 
 
 The Discovery of Tobacco and of Its 
 Habitual Uses. 
 
 The use of tobacco began with the Abor- 
 iginal people of the more central part of 
 America in prehistoric time, so far as de- 
 finitely known.* 
 
 The discovery of the use of tobacco by 
 Europeans in November, A. D., 1492, led to 
 their first discovery of the plant. Christo- 
 
 *The writer is aware that Mayer, in his Geogra- 
 phy of Plants, states that the smoking of tobacco 
 began with the Chinese people in ancient times; and 
 that he observed on very old sculptures in China the 
 representation of the same form of pipe that is yet 
 in use there. In archeologic sense there is nothing 
 definite about Mayen's statements, however, as many 
 very old products of man according to some writers, 
 do not antedate one century even. 
 
 The valuable scientific results of the Morris K. 
 Jesup Exploring Expedition through northwestern 
 America and northeastern Asia in recent years, make 
 it appear very probable to many well informed peo- 
 ple, that even the Chinese people are descendants 
 of the American Aborigines, improperly called 
 Indians. If such be the case, the migrating Chinese 
 ancestors carried with them from America the great 
 vice of tobacco using. ^ 
 
14 
 
 pher Columbus sent out a company for ex- 
 ploration from the caravels (small ships) of 
 his first expedition in the discovery of Amer- 
 ica when anchored off the island the land 
 of which was the first he discovered and on 
 which he first landed and named San Sal- 
 vador, now of the Bahama group. This 
 exploring company reported to Columbus, 
 among other things, that they saw people 
 with fire brands lighting a dried herb, with 
 the smoke of which they perfumed them- 
 selves. 
 
 This habit of smoking by these Aborigines 
 was first formed by their unavoidable inha- 
 lation of the smoke of naturally matured and 
 dried wild tobacco plants in the tropics, as 
 with other vegetation, in the spread of forest 
 fires; it being noticed that the smoke from 
 this particular class of plants produced results 
 that demanded its continuance, that is, 
 fixed an uncontrollable habit upon them. 
 
 The habit of snufBng finely powered dry 
 leaves of tobacco up the nostrils, was the re- 
 sult of gathering and preparing the naturally 
 dried leaves for smoking use; the dust from 
 crushing the leaves being satisfying to the 
 desire for smoking. This habit of snuffing 
 was first observed and described by Ramon 
 Pane, a Franciscan, who accompanied Co- 
 lumbus on his second voyage to America, 
 A. D. 1 494- 1 496. 
 
15 
 
 The chewing of tobacco naturally followed 
 the habit of smoking, particularly when fire 
 for smoking could not readily be obtained 
 in wet seasons by the crude pocesses of fire- 
 producing known to the Aboriginal and early 
 peoples. This mode of using tobacco was 
 first observed, and described, by Spaniards 
 on the coast of South America in the year 
 1502. 
 
 The name tobacco was first observed used 
 by the people on the island first called by 
 the Spaniards Hispaniola, now known as 
 Santo Domingo, and Haiti. The word to- 
 bacco, as here heard, was recorded by Orviedo 
 in his History of the West Indies, A. D. 
 1535, as applying to the pipe formed of 
 hollow twigs in the form of the letter Y, 
 the upper parts to be inserted into the nos- 
 trils to draw into these cavities the smoke 
 from dry tobacco through the larger part be- 
 low. Benzoni, however, in his Travels in 
 America, 1542-15 56, published in 1565, found 
 in Mexico the name *tabacco' applied to the 
 dry leaves of the plant. 
 
i6 
 
 II 
 
 Tobacco's Place in the Vegetable King- 
 dom. 
 
 There is infinite variety in all of Nature's' 
 works, and particularly where there is life. 
 This is seen in all classifications. Every 
 family, in both Vegetable and Animal King- 
 doms, shows certain very strong contrasts. 
 
 In no classification is this fact seen in 
 greater extremes, for both good and evil to 
 mankind, than in the Solanaceae or Potato 
 Family. 
 
 The Potato, tuber of our tables, with gen- 
 eral and specific names Solaitmn tuberosum, 
 belongs to this Solanaceae Family. It is 
 well styled the King of Vegetables, and is 
 one of the great gifts of America to all other 
 parts of the earth. 
 
 On the other hand the Tobacco plant, be- 
 longing to the same family with generic 
 name Nicotiana and specific names given on 
 later pages, contains the most active poison 
 known, which poison when continually taken 
 into the system in minute quantities enslaves 
 the users, and makes the use of tobacco a vice 
 
17 
 
 equalled in its baneful effects only by the 
 use of alcoholic beverages.* 
 
 The number of species of Tobacco plants, 
 genus Nicotiana,^ growing in different cli- 
 mates and described by botanists, is about 
 fifty; but few of them however, are culti- 
 vated for smoking, chewing or snuffing uses. 
 
 The tobacco most used in historic times 
 by the Aborigines of the northern States 
 east of the Missouri River, and sometimes 
 cultivated by their women, is the hardy plant 
 bearing the name Nicotiana rustica L. 
 Some plants of this specie are yet occasion- 
 ally seen growing wild in fields and waste 
 
 *In the Potato Family, theSolanaceae, also belong, 
 in different genera, the Ground Cherries, Night- 
 shades, Horse Nettle, Cherry Tomato, the common 
 edible Tomato, Henbane or Hyoscyamus, the Da- 
 turas including the Jamestown Weed usually called 
 Jimson Weed with specific name Stramonium; 
 and the Petunias. There are in this family of plants 
 twelve genera and somewhat over forty species grow- 
 ing, mostly in wild state, in the northern United 
 States and Canada, most of them being noxious 
 weeds, and several of them poisonous. 
 
 f Named from Jean Nicot French ambassador to 
 Portugal, where he was presented with seeds of a 
 tobacco plant which he caused to be planted in 
 France about the year 1560. Later, he 'rendered 
 service' in spreading knowledge of the herb, and 
 botanists united in the use of his name, latinized, for 
 the genus; and chemists used his name for the most 
 poisonous ingredient. 
 
i8 
 
 places from Ontario to Minnesota, and south- 
 ward to Florida. Its hight varies from two 
 to five feet. Leaves are broadly ovate, thin, 
 entire, slender-petioled, two to eight inches 
 long, one to six inches wide; petioles one- 
 half inch to five-and-a-half inches long; 
 flowers greenish-yellow, about one inch long, 
 panicled. The leaves of this specie remain 
 greenish when dry; it flowers from June to 
 September. This specie was the first one 
 cultivated in England and most other parts 
 of the eastern continents; and it was often 
 given the name of the country where culti- 
 vated, viz: English Tobacco, Syrian Tobac- 
 co, etc. It is at present not so much culti- 
 vated in the United States as formerly. 
 
 Other species recorded as cultivated or 
 used by the American Aborigines, are: Ni- 
 cotiana qtiadrivaivis along the Missouri 
 River and westward; N, multivalvis along 
 the Columbia River; and N. nanis among 
 the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 The specie N. longifloraQ.2M., Long-flow- 
 ered Tobacco, is native of South America, 
 and has been cultivated thence northward to 
 Ohio. It may sometimes be seen growing 
 wild near the places where at present, or 
 formerly, cultivated. 
 
 The specie generally cultivated in Vir- 
 ginia, formerly at least, is Nicotiana taba- 
 ctun. It was this specie that the older phy- 
 
19 
 
 sicians formerly exploited as a 'medicine' 
 with very serious results. In good soil the 
 plant attains a hight of five to six feet; has 
 lanceolate sessile leaves six to eighteen inches 
 long; flowers rose-colored, the throat of the 
 corolla inflated, the segments pointed. 
 
 The 'best' Havana cigars, it is supposed, 
 are made of the leaves of Nicotiana repanda 
 grown in Cuba. This specie contains less 
 of the more active parts of tobacco than 
 many other species. 
 
 Nearly every one of the more prominent 
 tobacco-growing regions, in the United States 
 particularly, has its favorite specie of the 
 plant, from seed generally, imported from 
 Cuba or other distant place; and the tobacco 
 produced is often given the name of the 
 person or place whence obtained or where 
 grown, as the Havana Seed-leaf, the Gadsden, 
 etc. The Perique is from Louisiana; the 
 White Burley brand originated in Ohio. 
 
 The claim is made in later years that Aus- 
 tralia, New Caledonia, Persia {^Nicotiana 
 Persicd), and one or two other' countries, 
 have indigenous tobacco herbs or small trees, 
 as members of this genus often attain larger 
 size in hot climates. But seeds, or plants, 
 for their propagation may have been carried 
 there several centuries ago, even by pre- 
 historic migrating people, and the claims 
 of the earlier writers may be true that 
 
20 
 
 tobacco plants were indigenous only in 
 America. 
 
 Different soils and climates produce tobac- 
 co of different strengths and flavors; and dif- 
 ferent processes of culture, of drying the 
 leaves, and of preparing them for each of 
 the ways used, produce effects desirable to 
 different tastes and desires. * 
 
 *The term tobacco has been applied to a number 
 of other herbs, among their other common names, 
 although these plants possess little if any resem- 
 blance to tobacco plants in proper sense. They be- 
 long to different families, viz: 
 
 1. Wild, or Indian Tobacco, is a lobelia, Lobelia 
 infiata (L.) Richards. It has been used as an 
 emetic, and is not so prostrating and poisonous as to- 
 bacco. It belongs to the Belleflower Family, the 
 Cafnpanulaceae . 
 
 2. Ladies Tobacco. Other common names are: 
 White Plaintain-leaf Everlasting, Mouse-ear Ever- 
 lasting, also Pussy-toes. Its scientific name is An- 
 tennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards, of the Com- 
 positae or Thistle Family. 
 
 3. Mountain Tobacco, Arctic Leopard's bane, Arc- 
 tic Arnica. The Arnica alpina (L.)Olin, of the 
 Thistle Family {Compo sitae.) 
 
 4. Oregon Tobacco, Tobacco-root, Edible Valer- 
 ian. The Valeriana edulus Nutt. Of the Valerian- 
 ceae or Valerian Family. 
 
 5. Tobacco-weed, Woolly Elephant's-foot. The 
 Elephantopus tomentosus L. Of the Thistle Family. 
 
21 
 
 III 
 
 The Component Parts of Tobacco. 
 
 The French chemist Louis Nicolas Vau- 
 quelin, born in the year 1763, died in 1829, 
 was the first, in 1809, to make a more scien- 
 tific analysis of a tooacco plant, and to de- 
 termine most of its active parts. His work 
 was followed and somewhat elaborated by 
 chemist Hermbstadt, and in 1828 by Posselt 
 and Reimann who ascertained the alkaline 
 nature of the most active part named by dif- 
 ferent ones nicotin, nicotina, and nicotia, 
 like the genus name of the plant in honor 
 of Jean Nicot. 
 
 Nicotin is an alkaloid with chemic formula 
 C10H14N2, it possessing the largest part of 
 nitrogen of all the many component parts of 
 tobacco. It is colorless, or nearly colorless 
 fluid when fresh, but soon assumes an amber 
 color. It is entirely volatilizable, inflam- 
 mable, very soluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 fixed oils and turpentine. Its solvents do 
 not destroy or appreciably modify, its active 
 poisonous nature, which is one of the most 
 active poisons known. It forms crystalliza- 
 ble salts with many acids. In tobacco it is 
 
22 
 
 supposed to exist in combination with malic 
 acid as a malate. 
 
 The second most active chemic part of 
 tobacco as noted by some analysts has 
 been named by them Nicotiana, or Tobacco 
 Camphor. It was separated by distillation 
 of the leaves, fresh or dry, with water. It 
 is somewhat fatty in consistency, and dries 
 in minute acicular crystals, with tobacco 
 odor. Much of the poisonous activity of 
 this product, however,* is probably due to 
 nicotin. 
 
 The leaves are the strongest part of the 
 plant and contain, in addition to the more 
 active poisonous parts named in the fore- 
 going paragraphs, albuminous substances and 
 from sixteen to twenty-seven per centum of 
 inorganic substances in form of different 
 combinations not definitely differentiated 
 into all of their natural forms. The great 
 number, and strength, of the constituents of 
 tobacco plants, account for the great ex- 
 hausting effects of tobacco crops on soils. 
 Poor soil cannot produce 'good' tobacco. 
 
 The smoke of burning tobacco, as drawn 
 into mouths and throats of 'smokers' has 
 been carefully gathered by different appara- 
 tuses made for the purpose, in addition to 
 the different forms of pipes in more or less 
 general use; and the smoke, with and with- 
 out its accumulations along the tubes, has 
 
23 
 
 been analyzed. These analyses have varied 
 as much as, probably more than, those of the 
 plant itself, principally from the dej?ree of 
 skill of the analyzers. A few do not note 
 Nicotin in the smoke as they collected it, 
 while others have discerned it distinctly in 
 different combinations. 
 
 All capable observers agree in the complex- 
 ity of the empyreumatic, resinous deposits 
 in pipes and apparatuses with which the 
 smoking iS done; that it is exceedingly poi- 
 sonous, and that more or less of every part 
 of it is taken into the system in smoking as in 
 other modes of use of tobacco. 
 
 Vohl and Eulenberg (see The Dispensa- 
 tory of the United States of America by 
 Doctors Wood, Bache, Remington, and 
 Sadtler, 15th edition) noted the following 
 named gases in tobacco smoke, viz: carbon 
 monoxid, CO; carbon dioxid, CO2; and a 
 hydrocarbon with composition of marsh gas, 
 CH4; hydrogen cyanid, HCy, or prussic acid; 
 hydrogen sulfid, HS; different ammonias; 
 and an oily-like substance as it condensed 
 along the pipe or tubes, which has been an- 
 alyzed as containing pyridin, C5H5N; pico- 
 lin, CgHtN; lutidin, C7H9N; collidin, CsHnN; 
 parvolin, C9H13N; coridin, C10H15N; rubi- 
 din, C11H17N; and viridin, C12H19N. 
 
 Pyridin was found to be most abundant in 
 smoke from tobacco in pipe, and picolin, 
 
24 
 
 lutidin, and collidin in smoke from cigar. — 
 Doctor B. W. Richardson in his book on 
 Diseases of Modern Life. 
 
 IV 
 
 The Poisonous Action of Tobacco. 
 
 Tobacco has no health-giving or health- 
 aiding action on animal life. Its effects are 
 wholly disease-producing, in double and most 
 pernicious senses. Many capable and con- 
 scientious physicians of all countries for 
 generations, and in far increasing number 
 and ability, have been careful observers of its 
 evil effects in the systems of their patients, 
 and friends. A summary of its effects when 
 first, and however, used, are here given 
 together with the names of a few of the ob- 
 servers, and of the publications wherein re- 
 corded, viz: 
 
 The first taste of tobacco is acrid and, 
 with very small quantity of the weed or of 
 its smoke in the mouth, there is immediately 
 absorbed into the blood enough of its active 
 parts to produce violent poisoning effects, 
 however active the glands about the mouth 
 to throw out the poison. These symptoms 
 
25 
 
 are: palpitation of the heart, faintness, diz- 
 ziness, nausea and, with slight increase of 
 quantity taken, vomiting, tremor, paralysis, 
 and quick death, frequently in convulsions 
 caused by poisoning of the spinal cord, the 
 first stage of tobacco poisoning being spinal 
 excitement. — Treatise on Therapeutics, Ma- 
 teria Me die a and Toxicology by Dr. H. C. 
 Wood. 
 
 Such deaths have been numerously re- 
 ported. But few of them will be here 
 referred to: 
 
 A boy aged thirteen years died from ci- 
 garet-smoking. — Reported by Dr. Broom- 
 head in the Medical Chronicle for March, 
 1889. 
 
 The medical journal the Lancet, London, 
 England, 2nd April, 1892, reports the deaths 
 of one hundred boys under sixteen years of 
 age from cigaret-smoking. 
 
 A girl nine years old was acutely poisoned 
 to death in Louisville, Ky., Tobacco Stem- 
 mery where she was hired to work. — Dr. 
 Chapman in the Medical Standard, Chica- 
 go, January, 1892. 
 
 The French poet M. Santeuil died of acute 
 poisoning by Tobacco Snuff taken in a jok- 
 ing way. — Doctors Woodman and Tidy's 
 book on Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 
 page 380. This authentic book reports a 
 number of other deaths from tobacco used in 
 
26 
 
 different ways, including for murder, and for 
 suicide. Taylor's Manual of Medical Juris- 
 prudence also contains similar reports, as do 
 other similar books. 
 
 From the faintness and loss of voluntary 
 motion 'from learning to use tobacco' some 
 physicians early in the 19th century tried 
 poultices, stupes, lotions, and ointments, 
 made of it, on the skin; and decoctions, so- 
 lutions, etc., by enema, for the relief of 
 colic, for the relaxation of the muscles in 
 strangulated hernia (rupture) and some 
 other spasmodic affections. All such uses of 
 tobacco showed symptoms of poisoning im- 
 mediately. When applied externally where 
 it could be removed before much symptom of 
 poisoning occurred, or in case of enema was 
 expelled from the body sufficiently, some of 
 the patients recovered from its use; but the 
 deaths from its poison were relatively so 
 numerous that the plant was banished from 
 the Officinal Medical List (Pharmacopeia) of 
 every countr}^ See Treatise on Therapeti- 
 tics by Doctors Trousseau, Pidoux, Paul, and 
 Lincoln, 1880, Volume II; Dr. Wood's Trea- 
 tise on Therapeutics, Materia Medica, and 
 Toxicology ; Dr. Copeland's Dictionary of 
 Practical Medicine, article on colic, etc., 
 and Dr. Husemann in Handbuch der Toxi- 
 cologie, Volume II, page 483. 
 
 Doctor Griscom's book on The Use of 
 
27 
 
 Tobacco^ quotes Dr. Tyrell of Ohio who was 
 called to see a healthy young girl with sore 
 on upper lip from burn she suffered three 
 weeks before, whose mother, hoping to heal 
 the sore, had placed on it a little of the 
 sediment from the bottom of her tobacco- 
 pipe — and the girl died in convulsions a few 
 hours after the application. 
 
 The difficulty of separating the compo- 
 nent partsof this empyreumatic oleo-resinous 
 sediment from tobacco smoke into the exact 
 chemic formula and combinations therein 
 existing, makes it impossible at present to 
 determine the exact effect of each part; and 
 this is not necessary to know. In the com- 
 bination as found in the smoke inhaled, the 
 settlings in every pipe, mouth-end of cigars, 
 also accompanying the dark coloring of the 
 teeth in all ways of tobacco use, the numer- 
 ous observations in man, and experiments on 
 lower animals, show them all to be viru- 
 lently poisonous with the same effects as 
 nicotin, nicotiana, nicotia, or the entire to- 
 bacco leaf, in whatever way used. 
 
 Physicians prescribing the use of tobacco 
 in any form, set up complex ailments if not 
 specific ones, writes Doctor Dujardin-Beau- 
 metz in his book on Diseases of the StomacJi 
 and Intestines, Doctor Hurd's edition. 
 
 Alcoholic beverages do not counteract, or 
 retard, the poisonous effect of tobacco; as 
 
28 
 
 persons intoxicated with whiskey have died 
 from 'taking a little too much of it' writes 
 Doctor Griscom in his book on The Use of 
 Tobacco. People have been poisoned to 
 death by taking tobacco into the stomach in 
 rum, and in whisky. — Forensic Medicine and 
 Toxicology by Doctors Woodman and Tidy, 
 page 381. 
 
 The effects of tobacco are the same on 
 the system of the lower animals as in man- 
 kind;* but it has been presumed that some 
 of the herbivora can take more of it without 
 fatal effect than the carnivora. This is 
 probably due to the tolerance begotten from 
 occasionally browsing the tobacco plant. 
 
 *This statement may call to the mind of some 
 reader the 'tobacco worm and beetle', the enemies 
 of the plants, as possible exceptions to the rule. 
 A careful study of the biology, and biochemistry, 
 of growing plants will show innocuous stages in poi- 
 sonous plants, as well as stages of difficult digestion 
 in some edible fruits and vegetables in their unripe 
 stages. A detail scientific study of the changes oc- 
 curring in seeds in their germinating, growing, and 
 ripening stages, gives glimpses of the marvelous pro- 
 cesses of nature. Pharmaceutical chemistry shows 
 the proper time for gathering any one or more parts 
 of a plant for the active ingredient or part wanted 
 for medicine. The professional tobacco-grower, and 
 the 'manufacturer' have grown 'wise' in their efforts 
 to produce 'desired results' in their products. It is, 
 however, at times difficult to preserve any vegetable 
 or animal matter from the destructive influences of 
 saprophytic fauna and flora. 
 
29 
 
 Tobacco is injurious to digestion, writes 
 Dr. Wilson Fox in his book on Diseases of 
 the StomacJi, 3rd edition. 
 
 The influence of tobacco, however used, 
 extends to both mucous membrane and mus- 
 cular layers of the stomach, and produces 
 great irritation, redness and injection of 
 vessels. When the tobacco is stopped these 
 changes somewhat subside, but not entirely. 
 The mucous membrane secretes irregularly 
 and, as a general rule, does not produce the 
 due amount of gastric fluid; hence digestion 
 is impeded. Afterwards an acrid fluid is left 
 in the stomach which irritates and give rise 
 to heartburn, eructations, frequent nausea 
 with an almost constant sensation of debil- 
 ity of the stomach. Carried to somewhat 
 further excess it produces a palsied condi- 
 tion of the muscular fibers, leading to a great 
 increase of debilit}^ in the digestive organs 
 and probably death. From analogy derived 
 from the inferior animals, which analogy 
 must be very perfect, the condition of the 
 vital organs when first using tobacco are as 
 follows: The brain is pale and empty of 
 blood; the stomach is reddened in round 
 spots, so raised and pile-like that they re- 
 semble patches of dark Utrecht velvet; the 
 blood is preternaturally fluid; the lungs are 
 pale as the lungs of a calf when we see them 
 suspended in the shambles; while the heart 
 
30 
 
 overburdened with blood and have little 
 power left for its forcing action, is scarcely 
 contracting, but is feebly trembling as if, 
 like a conscious thing, it knew equally its 
 responsibility and its own weakness. It is 
 not a beating, it is a fluttering heart. — 
 See Dr. Richardson's book on Induced 
 Diseases of Modern Life. 
 
 V 
 
 The Pathologic (Diseasing) Effects of 
 Tobacco. 
 
 The action of tobacco whenever and how- 
 ever used is a disease affect and effect, a 
 general call to, and rallying of, all the pow- 
 ers of the system to aid in preventing se- 
 rious harm, and in eliminating the poison. 
 This process of protection is constantly at 
 work in the system of every user of the poi- 
 son, however long continued or deep in the 
 vice of the habit; and no one can foretell 
 when the system may succumb to the dire- 
 ful effects of the habit. 
 
 However used, the active parts of tobacco 
 are quickly absorbed into the blood, and 
 
31 
 
 however small the quantity absorbed the af- 
 fects and effects are baneful. Every func- 
 tion of the system is quickly affected through 
 the blood and the nerves. 
 
 One of the most important parts of the 
 brain, the medulla oblongata connecting 
 directly with the spinal cord, receives the 
 brunt of tobacco poison and transmits its 
 serious effects throughout the entire system. 
 Hereby we understand its effects on the 
 nervous system in general and the great 
 joint-nerve of the lungs and stomach (pneu- 
 mogastric nerve) in particular. — See Dr. 
 Huchard's Ldcttwes, first printed in Le Bul- 
 letin Me die ale 22-26 May, 1889. 
 
 But this is not all. Much is due to its ac- 
 tion on the muscular system in general, and 
 particularly upon the vascular walls. Thus 
 we see why it is that tobacco is such a strong 
 poison to the heart throughout its vascular, 
 nervous and muscular systems, and to every 
 other organ, and every part of the general 
 system also, through the same sources. 
 
 The spasmodic (vasoconstrictive) action 
 of tobacco has been thoroughly demonstra- 
 ted. It has been demonstrated that the 
 effects of tobacco resemble absolutely those 
 produced by electrifying (galvanization) of 
 the great sympathetic nerve. It produces 
 a rigid spasm which, secondarily, constricts 
 the blood vessels and deprives the muscles 
 
32 
 
 of proper nourishment, thus producing mus- 
 cular ischaemia, which explains in part the 
 tremor, muscular weakness, and paralytic 
 symptoms (paresis) observed in the testings 
 of tobacco on the lower animals. Such vaso- 
 constrictive action produces disturbances 
 in every part of every organ in the body, 
 and disorders proper function throughout. 
 (In this connection see Dr. M. Allen Starr's 
 address on Vasomotor Trophic Neuroses in 
 The Joui'nal of the A merican Medical A sso- 
 ciation 17 July, 1909). 
 
 In the use of tobacco the nerve centers 
 exhibit signs of improper blood supply (is- 
 chaemia), producing brain-spinal (cerebro- 
 spinal) irritation, headache, nausea, morn- 
 ing fatigue, impairment of memory, mind 
 (psychical) irritation, inaptitude for work, 
 disability of speech and writing (aphasia), 
 symptoms of paralysis of one side (hemiple- 
 gia) alternating from right to left, etc. 
 
 The constricted, oppressed breathing 
 (dyspnoea) is due to the action of the to- 
 bacco on the medulla oblongata and through 
 its systems of nerves to the respiratory 
 muscles, and including the muscular layers of 
 the pulmonary circulatory system. 
 
 The untoward effect of tobacco on the 
 kidneys is traced to this hyperarterial ten- 
 sion, combined with the general irritation. 
 Tobacco is thus a factor in Glycosuria (dia- 
 
( UNIVERSITY ) 
 
 33 
 
 betes mellitus). See Dr. Love's article in 
 The Jour, of the Am. Med. Assn. Vol. 36, 
 page 540. 
 
 It is upon the heart itself, however, that 
 some of the most deplorable effects of this 
 vascular lock-jaw (tetanization) are pro- 
 duced. Herein arises the source of the par- 
 ox3'smal pain about the heart (angina pec- 
 toris) with suffocation, syncope and often 
 death, due to the spasm and changes in the 
 coronary arteries and consequent poor nour- 
 ishment (ischaemia) of the great muscles of 
 the heart. The hard, small, quick, and of- 
 ten' irregular tobacco pulse is caused by this 
 vasoconstrictive action, and weakened 
 heart. 
 
 The heart, arteries, and gastro-intestinal 
 system suffer great rise of pressure from 
 the undue effect of tobacco on the vasomo- 
 tor center of the medulla oblongata, thus 
 weakening the heart from affection of the 
 vagus nerve and inhibitory ganglia of the 
 heart. — See the medical journal Pi^actitioner, 
 London, England, July, 1905. 
 
 Tobacco affects the heart by paralyzing 
 the minute vessels which form the batteries, 
 so to speak, of the pneumogastric nerve 
 which furnishes motive power for lungs, 
 heart, and digestive apparatus. Proof of 
 this is seen in the congestive cough, and 
 dyspeptic symptoms often in connetion with 
 
34 
 
 tobacco heart. Enlargement of the heart 
 is apt to follow. — Dr. Maine in the Medical 
 News 26 July, 1902. Also see article by Dr. 
 L. P. Clark in The Medical Record New- 
 York City, 29 June, 1907. 
 
 At first these effects are functional; and 
 with the habitual tobacco user there is con- 
 stant functional disturbance. It should be 
 evident, therefore, to everyone that the con- 
 tinued use of tobacco begets an increasing 
 permanency of functional effect that cannot 
 but beget organic disease. Every organ of 
 the body is subject to a variety of forms of 
 organic disease from this cause. 
 
 The effects of tobacco are cumulative, 
 writes Dr. Mitchell in the Lancet-Clinic 13 
 June, 1908. The effects of tobacco are con- 
 centrated on either the respiratory, the 
 cardiac, or the alimentary system. — Dr 
 White in the Birmingham Medical Review^ 
 1904. 
 
 Continued use of tobacco, in any form, 
 begets permanent narrowing (contractures) 
 of the blood vessels, and a sort of peripheral 
 circulatory barrier accumulates. Arterial 
 tension is increased; the heart suffers from 
 successive dilatations, which in turn become 
 permanent; and there is produced a general 
 hardening and degeneration of the coats of 
 the arteries (arterosclerosis) making sudden 
 
35 
 
 death from heart failure, or apoplexy and 
 paralysis very probable. 
 
 With the smoker, particularly, the mon- 
 oxid of carbon, CO, in the smoke produces 
 drowsiness, unsteady movements of the 
 heart, tremulous and even convulsive move- 
 ments of muscles, and often vomiting, writes 
 Dr. Richardson in his book on Diseases of 
 Moderfi Life. With but slight increase of 
 this virulent poison, death is caused. 
 
 The monoxid of carbon in tobacco smoke 
 affects the hemoglobin of the blood, con- 
 verting the oxyhemoglobin into carbonic 
 oxid (CO) hemoglobin, a stable compound 
 not reduced in the circulation; hence pro- 
 ducing difficulty of breathing, and quick 
 death if the poison be not discontinued. — 
 Dr. Dudley in the Medical News, i6 Sep- 
 tember, 1888. 
 
 Every user of tobacco, in every form used, 
 is constantly receiving within his system 
 numerous warnings by nature to stop its 
 use, viz: irritation of the lips, mouth, throat, 
 airtubes and lungs, in addition to the sick- 
 ening symptoms mentioned in the foregoing 
 paragraphs. 
 
36 
 
 VI 
 
 Further Mention of Diseases Caused 
 BY Tobacco. 
 
 From the preceding description of the ef- 
 fects of tobacco throughout the entire sys- 
 tem, it can readily be understood how it is 
 that these effects can, and do, originate any 
 one, or all, of the organic diseases, and in- 
 cite to increased activity all of those diseases 
 to which the user was inclined at the time 
 of his beginning the use of the poison. 
 Here, again, but few of the great number of 
 illustrative cases, with references, will be 
 adduced, viz: 
 
 From an examination of more than one 
 thousand men, women and children, work- 
 ers in tobacco manufactories, every one was 
 found poisoned more or less, and suffering 
 generally, and particularly with one or more 
 of the following named diseases: of the eyes, 
 heart, exaggeration of reflexes, headache, 
 fainting fits, etc. — Madame Walitzkaja in 
 \he Medical Press, 1887. 
 
 Tobacco poisoning by the air of tobacco 
 works, even to death, has been reported by 
 different physicians^ and from different 
 
37 
 
 works, including Dr. Chapman in the St. 
 Joseph, Mo., Medical Herald, November, 
 1891 ; and in the Medical Standard, Chicago, 
 January, 1892. 
 
 With three thousand tobacco workers ex- 
 amined for eye effects by Dr. F. DowHng of 
 Cincinnati, he found a large percentage af- 
 fected by blindness, in addition to lesser 
 irritations, from disease of the optic nerve, 
 retina, spine or brain (amaurosis, and am- 
 blyopia). — The Medical and Surgical Re- 
 porter, Philadelphia, 22 October, 1892. 
 
 Tobacco amblyopia is the most common 
 of all toxic amblyopias. — Dr. Dowling in 
 The Lancet-Clinic, 13 June, 1908. Blindness 
 (amblyopia) from use of tobacco is reported 
 by Dr. C. A. Wood of Chicago, in Annals 
 of Opthalmology and Otology, Kansas City, 
 Mo., July, 1892. 
 
 Blindness (amaurosis) was found in horses 
 that had eaten the weed Nicotiana siiaveo- 
 lens, the 'native' Australian tobacco. Abso- 
 lute blindness was developed in the horses 
 that had eaten of the weed somewhat from 
 six months to two years. Wasting (atro- 
 phy) of the spinal cord and its nerves near 
 the medulla oblongata was found in these 
 horses on post mortem examination by Dr. 
 Heusmann of Gottingen, Prussia; reported 
 in the medical book Schmidf s Jarbiicher, 
 • Leipzig, Saxony, 15 February, 1895. 
 
38 
 
 Tobacco amblyopia (blindness) at first a 
 functional disorder, perhaps a circulatory or 
 nutritional disturbance, leads to organic 
 change, producing atrophy (wasting and 
 decline) of the papillo-macular fibers, writes 
 Dr. Ramsey of Scotland in the Glasgow 
 Medical Journal, December, 1894. 
 
 Some observers have reported that in to- 
 bacco amblyopia (blindness) vision did not 
 decline below 20200ths;but Dr. Polkinhorn 
 reported in the Opthalmic Record, Chicago, 
 July, 1900, that one-half of his cases were 
 beyond this strong degree of blindness. One 
 of his cases was a wife who did not smoke, 
 but was closely confined in caring for a 
 paralytic husband who was a regular smoker 
 of tobacco. 
 
 Tobacco causes retro-bulbar neuritis (in- 
 flammation of the optic nerve, and blind- 
 ness. — Dr. A. T. Haight in the Chicago 
 Clinic March, 1899. 
 
 Tobacco amblyopia is the result of axial 
 neuritis (central inflammation) of the optic 
 nerves. — Dr. Bruns in the New Orleans Med- 
 ical and Surgical Journal, 12 August, 1888. 
 See also reports on tobacco blindness by 
 Dr. Baker in Cleveland Medical Gazette^ 
 June, 1888; by Dr. Doyne in the Royal Lon- 
 don Hospital Reports January, 1888; and 
 several cases of tobacco blindness (tobacco 
 amaurosis) by Dr. Ay res in The Lancet- 
 Clinic 21 January, 1888. 
 
39 
 
 Tobacco causes atrophy (wasting in size 
 and integrity) of the optic nerves and sub- 
 sequent amaurosis and amblyopia. — Dr. J. 
 Solberg Wells in his large book on Diseases 
 of the Eye, 2nd American from the 3rd Eng- 
 lish edition. Tobacco produces amblyopia 
 by causing degeneration and destruction of 
 the ganglion-cells of the macula lutea, the 
 most important center of sight. — Dr. De- 
 Schweinitz in the American Joiwnal of the 
 Medical Sciences September, 1897. 
 
 All smokers of tobacco have more or less 
 serious affections of the eyes. — Dr. B. H. 
 Brodnax in the journal L Encephale Paris, 
 October, 1892. Use of tobacco in any way 
 has injurious effect on eyes, and other organs. 
 
 Tobacco causes deafness by irritating, 
 producing hyperaemia and thickening of the 
 pharynx and eustachian tubes, writes Dr. 
 Wingrave of England in the Medical Press 
 and Circular 11 February, 1903. Tobacco 
 has direct action on the auditory nerve 
 producing trophoneurosis and deafness by 
 its action on the circulation through the 
 sympathetic nerve. Like other toxic neu- 
 rites it is progressive, and affects both ears 
 simultaneously. — Dr. Delie in the journal 
 Hebdomadaire de Laryngologie, 1905. 
 
 In his book on Diseases of the Throat and 
 Nose Dr. Bosworth of New York City des- 
 cribes bad effects of tobacco on these parts. 
 
40 
 
 Doctor Coomes, of Louisville, Ky., in a 
 paper read before the Ninth International 
 Medical Congress describes serious results of 
 tobacco on the respiratory tubes; see 
 Transactions of this Congress, Volume IV, 
 pages loi, 1 02. 
 
 The sense of smell is blunted, oft^n 
 destroyed by the effects of tobacco in the 
 nasal and post-nasal fossae, causing atrophic 
 rhinitis and pharyngitis. — Dr. Parker in the 
 Medical News Philadelphia, 20 September, 
 1890. 
 
 Epithelial changes are produced on the 
 lips, in the mouth, and respiratory passages 
 by tobacco, causing perversion of taste and 
 other senses. — Dr. Barbaran in Revue Medi- 
 cale de r Est^'d.wQ.y, France, 15 September, 
 1890. See, also, the British Medical J 02ir- 
 nal, London, 25 October, 1890. Tobacco 
 causes sore throat, cancer of the mouth, 
 throat and lips. — Dr. Merlin of Algeria in the 
 Gazette Me die ale de P Alger ie 1 5 August, 1 892. 
 
 Doctor Favarger of Vienna, Austria, in 
 the Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 
 1887, also Dr. Gigliarella of Italy in the Ita- 
 lian medical journal Rivista Clinica, 1887, 
 report cases of chronic nicotinism (tobacco- 
 ism) causing disease of the heart with pal- 
 pitation, irregularity, dyspnoea ( 'heart asth- 
 ma'), angina pectoris (spasms of pain with 
 suffocation), chronic myocarditis (fatt}^ de- 
 
41 
 
 generation), Gastralgia (great pain in sto- 
 mach), great disorder of bowel from inflam- 
 mation of some parts and paralysis of other 
 parts, etc. 
 
 Doctor Anstie reports in his book on 
 Neuralgia and Similar Diseases, angina pec- 
 toris caused by tobacco. 
 
 The use of tobacco not only lessens the 
 efficiency of respiratory movements and the 
 internal distribution of oxygen, but exerts 
 a special deleterious influence on the heart, 
 often disturbing the uniformity of its rhythm 
 and impairing its force; and not unfrequent- 
 ly causing sudden death by cardiac paraly- 
 sis. — Dr. Brunton in his Lectures on the 
 Action of Medicine pages 321-323. 
 
 Doctor Robert of Algeria, Africa, writes 
 in the Gazette Medicate de V Algerie 30 May, 
 1889, that if a tobacco user's system is so 
 fortunate as 'to apparently tolerate its effects 
 for some years, the heart becomes enfeebled, 
 hardening and degeneration of the arteries 
 (arteriosclerosis; develops, making sudden 
 death imminent. Dr. Dumas of Algeria, in 
 the same Gazette 10 November, 1887, reports 
 fatal case of tobacco angina pectoris. Such 
 cases are not curable, says Dr. Huchard in 
 his Lectures in Le Bulletin Medicate. 
 
 Experiments by the prevailing methods 
 demonstrate that the gastric fluids are de- 
 minished, and digestion impaired by the use 
 
42 
 
 of tobacco. — Dr. Ydan-Pouchkine in the 
 medical journal Wratch St. Petersburg, 
 Russia, Number 48, 1890. 
 
 Tobacco is responsible for a variety of 
 functional derangements which terminate 
 in organic diseases. Diseases of the kidneys 
 are caused thereby, writes Dr. A. G. Auld of 
 Glasgow, Scotland, in the London Lancet 
 20 April, 1889. Sugar in the urine (Diabetes 
 Mellitus, Glycosuria, Glucosuria) is not only 
 aggravated by tobacco, but it may be caused 
 by tobacco. — Dr. H. Stern in the Medical 
 Record 2^ April, 1901. 
 
 Doctor Kitchen writes in the Medical 
 Record 27 April, 1889, that it is easy to see 
 the dire effects of tobacco in the stunted 
 growths of adolescents in size, and other 
 forms of development; from disorders of 
 functions, including the heart, intellectual 
 sluggishness, loss of memory, color-blind- 
 ness, loss of or depraved appetite, neurosis 
 of motion, marked blunging of various func- 
 tions of sensation, hereditary degeneracy, 
 etc. Twenty per cent, more money is ex- 
 pended for tobacco in America than for 
 bread; and this comparison represents but a 
 small part of the real cost of the use of 
 tobacco. 
 
43 
 
 VII 
 
 Tobacco Impairs the Functions of Both 
 Body and Mind, 
 
 The French writer, Andre Thevet, des- 
 cribed the serious effect of tobacco on the 
 sexual system in the year 1555. — The journal 
 Ame7'ican Medicine 22i h\)r\\, 1904. See also 
 regarding the same aifection Dr. Prodel's 
 article in the Gazette Medicale de PAlgerie 
 30 June, 1890; Dr. Decroix in the medical 
 journal Times and Register 15 November, 
 1890, and the Weekly Medical Review St. 
 Louis, 28 March, 1891; Dr. Lewin in the 
 Journal of Comparative Neurology Septem- 
 ber, 1893; E)r. Le Juge de Sagrais of Lu- 
 chon, France, in the Archives Generales de 
 Medicine 1902; and Dr. Petit in the medical 
 journal II Policlinico Rome, Italy, 1904. 
 
 Mental disease (Nicotinosis Mentalis) as- 
 cribed to the increased consumption of to- 
 bacco, is described by Dr. Kjellberg of 
 Upsula, Sweden, in the Wiener Medizin- 
 ische Presse, Vienna, Austria, 17 August, 
 1890, as characterized by distressing emo- 
 tions of indisposition and weakness, halluci- 
 nations, and delusions with suicidal intent. 
 
44 
 
 Nicotinic Psychosis (tobacco mental dis- 
 ease) among marines, and workmen in fac- 
 tories- at Upsula who used tobacco, is 
 described by the same writer in the Weekly 
 Medical Review of St. Louis, Mo., 29 August, 
 1891, as manifesting itself by feebleness, in- 
 activity, and despondent ideas. Hallucin- 
 ations follow at an early period, accom- 
 panied by depressive ideas and, later, by 
 exalted and maniacal ideas and actions. Dr. 
 Lewin mentions similar effects of tobacco 
 in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. 
 
 Tobacco intoxication, from external ap- 
 plication of tobacco infusion for the destruc- 
 tion of lice, is reported by Dr. Auche in the 
 Journal de Medicine de Bordeaux, France, 
 22 March, 1891. 
 
 Rabbits slowly poisoned by cabbage leaves 
 wet with solution of tobacco, showed in post- 
 mortem examination progressive hardening 
 (sclerosis) of liver with proliferation of bile 
 ducts. Kidney and heart-muscle changes 
 were also found. ^Dr. Adler in AmeiHcan 
 Medicine 10 May, 1902. 
 
 / Tobacco, as poisonous as it is, is not a 
 bacteriacide, or even an insecticide in the 
 true sense. Used against lice it has poisoned ' 
 the host nearly to death while leaving the 
 parasite unhurt. As a fumigator against 
 germs, even the smoke of smoldering wood 
 has been found more efficient while far less 
 
45 
 
 objectionable.— The medical journal Lancet, 
 London 4 May, 1907. 
 
 Bacilli Tuberculosis, from the mouth of 
 the cigar-maker, have been found alive and 
 ready for infection in the mouth-end of 
 cigars for the shaping of which spittle had 
 been used. 
 
 The Cigarmakers' International Union, 
 which has had an average membership of 
 less than 40,ocx) for ten years, reported in 
 the year 1909 that during the last twenty- 
 seven years it had expended close upon 
 $4,500,000.00 for the relief of the sick and 
 disabled, and for funeral charges, of mem- 
 bers of the Union. 
 
 At the Tuberculosis Congress in 1908, the 
 statement was made that this disease 
 had cost Amereica the vast sum of $1,100,- 
 000,000.00 every year. Many of these suf- 
 ferers were users of tobacco. 
 
 The use of tobacco conduces to the cause 
 of tuberculosis and, thereby as a matter of 
 course, detracts from the cure and treat- " 
 ment of this disease. See the medical jour- 
 nal The Hospital 2^ November, 1908, on the 
 report of the Henry Phipps Institute. 
 / Tobacco has no value as a medicine. It 
 is injurious in convalescence from disease, y 
 writes Dr. Coughlin in The Jour, of the Am. 
 Med. Assn. 23 August, 1902. 
 / Tobacco is injurious to the sense of taste, 
 
46 
 
 to the throat, voice, nervouse system, di- 
 gestion, the bones, muscles, respirator}- sj's- 
 tem, heart, senses of sight and hearing; to 
 mental and physical development, and to 
 one's ability, generally, writes Dr. Blaisdell 
 in his book on Life and Health, 1902. / 
 
 Tobacco users do not stand surgical oper- 
 ations well; the}- are liable to collapse, 
 writes Dr. Bangs in the Medical Record, 
 New York City, 14 March, 1908. 
 
 A comparative study of the users and non- 
 users of tobacco among the students at Yale 
 University in respect to their physical de- 
 velopment, showed the following results of 
 one class in four years, viz: 
 
 Average increase in lung capacity in users, 
 .15 litre; in non-users, .25 litre, or an in- 
 crease of 66 per cent, greater for non-users. 
 Inflated chest measurements, in users, .304 
 metre; non-users, .364 metre, an increase 
 of 19 per cent, greater in non-users. Height 
 in users, .0169 metre; non-users, .0202 metre, 
 an increase of 20 per cent, greater for non- 
 users. Weight, in users, .4 kilogramme 
 (i pound); non-users, .5 kilogramme (i 1-4 
 pounds), an increase of 25 per cent, greater 
 for non-users. Of the entire class 70 per 
 cent, did not use tobacco. The prominent 
 athletes, with one exception, did not use to- 
 bacco, and all candidates for the boat crew 
 abstained from its use. — Dr. Jay W. Seaver 
 
47 
 
 physician and instructor in athletics at 
 Yale University, in the Sa/iifnriau New 
 York, September, 1891. 
 
 Doctor Seaver also reported to the Na- 
 tioiial Popular Rcviczv, San Diego, Califor- 
 nia, January, 1893, ^he comparative condi- 
 tion of yy non-users of tobacco, 22 irregular 
 users, and 70 habitual users at Yale Univer- 
 sity, viz: 
 
 In weight the non-users increased 10.4 
 per cent, more than the regular users, and 
 6.6 per cent, more than the occasional 
 users. In height, the non-users increased 
 24 per cent, more than the regular users, 
 and 14 per cent, more than the occasional 
 users. In chest-girth the non-user had an 
 advantage over the regular user of 26.7 per 
 cent.^'and over the occasional user of 22 per 
 cent. In lung capacity the growth was in 
 favor of the non-user 77.5 percent, when 
 compared with the regular user, and 49.5 
 per cent, compared with the irregular user. 
 
 Similar pernicious effects of tobacco have 
 been noted by Dr. Hitchcock among the 
 students at Amherst College {^American Med- 
 icine 13 September, 1902, by Dr. Lewin in 
 the Jotirnal of Comparative Neurology, and 
 by man}^ other physicians and educators, 
 including those of Defiance (Ohio) College, 
 whose tobacco-using students also could not 
 make good grades in their studies. 
 
48 
 
 Aside from alcoholic beverages, tobacco 
 is the most commonly used poisonous sub- 
 stance/ One of its active parts, Nicotin, 
 has long been known as one of the most 
 deadly poisons. Adler and Hensel have, 
 by injecting solutions of Nicotin, seen 
 arterial degeneration produced in rabbits. 
 — Editorial in The Jour, of the Am. Med. 
 Assn. 13 October, 1906, based on an article 
 in the Journal of Medical Research of 1906. 
 
 Doctor Kellogg very appropriately and 
 forcefully contends that the use of tobacco 
 is the fundamental vice cff the habit of 
 drinking alcoholic beverages; the tobacco 
 exciting a craving for strong drink. From 
 the year 1879 he has refused to undertake 
 the care of any case of alcoholic inebriety 
 without full understanding, and consent of 
 the patient, for the quitting of tobacco also. 
 — Modern Medicine June, 1899. 
 
 All persons who are thinking that they 
 get tobacco that satisfies the habit's crav- 
 ing, and which contains no nicotin, are 
 referred to the experiences of the Austrian 
 Government which, having monopoly of the 
 tobacco trade, began to sell its subjects 
 tobacco with the nicotin removed. The 
 people addicted to full tobacco at once 
 recognized the loss of the desired active 
 part, and refused to purchase the weakened 
 weed. — Vienna Letter in The Jour, of the 
 Am. Med. Assn. 16 March, 1907. 
 
49 
 
 VIII 
 
 Tobacco Begets Indolence, and Indif- 
 ference TO Propriety, and to 
 Well -Being. 
 
 Observers of the evils of tobacco-using 
 in general are not agreed upon the form of 
 use that is the most injurious, or the most 
 disgusting. Nor are tobacco-users agreed 
 among themselves on these questions. 
 Every user having a favorite form of use, 
 contends that it is the least harmful of all 
 other forms. The tendency with users of 
 the weed, however, is to become so deeply 
 sunken in the vice as to desire tobacco in 
 different forms. It is a truism that the per- 
 son who uses the least in quantity suffers 
 the least from the poison regardless of the 
 form or way in which it is used. 
 I Cigarets are thought by many users of to- 
 bacco to be more injurious than other ways 
 of smoking because of the habit of deeper 
 (?) inhalation of the smoke of cigarets 
 which, some think, possesses relatively more 
 of the noxious ingredients of tobacco/ But 
 many smokers of cigars, and pipes, also in- 
 hale the smoke, and get even more of the 
 
50 
 
 poison into the system, relative!}', than do 
 cigaret smokers. Possibly some 'manufac- 
 turers' add other noxious ingredients to the 
 tobacco as has been charged against them. 
 Analysis of some cigaret papers have shown 
 them clear of such treatment; but there are 
 many kinds of papers, and of tobaccos, not 
 reported upon. 
 
 Cigarets may be used in greater number, 
 and by younger bo3^s, than cigars or pipes 
 and, other things being equal, the 3'ounger 
 the age the greater the evil effect from the 
 same quantity of tobacco of the same 
 strength. 
 
 In an article on poisoning of the blood by 
 the use of tobacco (Tobacco Toxemia) by 
 Dr. R. V. Dolby of Vancouver, British 
 Columbia, printed in the journal Northwest 
 Medicine, Seattle, Washington, October, 
 1909, he writes in part, that: Chewing is 
 without doubt the most pernicious form in 
 which to employ tobacco. The pipe and 
 cigar, far from being the safest medium for 
 the indulgence of tobacco, are the most dan- 
 gerous. Tobacco amblyopia, cardiac syn- 
 cope, angina, loss of memory, tardy and 
 delayed cerebration, are found chiefly in 
 heavy cigar and pipe smokers. Even can- 
 cer of the lips or tongue seems to be the 
 special heritage of the pipe or cigar smoker. 
 The cigaret is responsible for the cardiac 
 
51 
 
 irritability, largely in neurotic people, also 
 responsible for irritable laryngitis and phar- 
 yngitis. . . . 
 
 y^The tobacco habit not only enslaves the 
 will, but it often perverts the mind and ac- 
 tions of its victim. When called to account 
 for their continued adherence to the unde- 
 sirable habit, men either change the subject 
 of conversation, or begin to talk about 'use 
 and abuse of the weed' as though there 
 could be the least use of tobacco without 
 abuse of the system, which is impossible. It 
 is also impossible for the user of tobacco not 
 to use it to 'excess. ^^/ 
 
 '^It has been estimated that there is more 
 money expended in the United States each 
 year for tobacco and alcoholic beverages 
 than for bread and education combined./ 
 The taxes of the General Government (Inter- 
 nal Revenue Receipts; for 1908 are reported 
 as being $49,862,754.00 on tobacco, and 
 $140,158,807.00 on spirits. To these very 
 large amounts should be added hundreds of 
 millions received by the tobacco and grain 
 growers and the manufacturers. The pecun- 
 iary cost of these habits, however, is small 
 compared with their vicious, demoralizing, 
 weakening and degenerating effects now, and 
 their entailing effects of misery upon future 
 generations. No one can afford such habits 
 in any true sense. 
 
52 
 
 Americans are not nervous in imagination 
 only, as has recently been promulgated in a 
 book which has been noticed broad-cast in 
 newspapers. Talk with the tobacco-users in 
 their moods of honesty with themselves and 
 with you, and they will tell you the fault is 
 with tobacco, and with the alcohol if they 
 have this habit also. Physicians, non-users 
 of tobacco, could tell the same regarding the 
 cause of men's nervousness, and of their 
 necessarily shortened lives by these habits; 
 of the cause of the 'break-downs' ; the heat- 
 stroke deaths; 'brain-storm' murders, and 
 suicides; also of the cause of deaths from 
 'accidents' attributed by reporters to 'de- 
 fects in the steering apparatus of the auto- 
 mobile, the horse becoming unmanageable' 
 and many other subterfuges. 
 
 Most of the fires, as well as a large per- 
 centage of the death-rate arise from the 
 direct and cumulative results of tobacco, 
 alcohol, or both combined. 
 
 Associated Press Dispatches from Johns- 
 town, Pa., II September, 1909, mention 
 death, and serious injuries, from explosion 
 of a keg of powder by a spark from a ci- 
 garet being smoked over the open keg; and 
 near Key West, Florida, was reported 28 
 August, 1909, the death of twelvp men and 
 serious injury of five others by the explosion 
 of seven hundred pounds of dynamite from 
 
53 
 
 a lighted cigaret thrown into a box of 
 fuses. Such is the thoughtless, indolent, 
 often careless, indifference to propriety, even 
 to well-being, begotten by tobacco using! 
 
 The ever-ready matches are also scattered 
 so that children get them — and numerous 
 children have been thus burned to death, 
 others maimed for life, and much valuable 
 property destroyed, by the fires they have 
 caused. Could all the facts be gathered 
 from every community regarding deaths, 
 maimings and misery from these allied 
 causes, the list would be appalling. 
 
 Newspapers seldom report the true cause 
 of death in any community, from regard for 
 .the feelings of surviving friends. Such is 
 also the case with physicians' reports and 
 certificates throughout most of the long Hst. 
 The true cause of death is evaded when pos- 
 sible, and the report is made to read: acci- 
 dental, from violence, despondency from 
 poor health, chronic inflammation andchange 
 in one or another of the vital organs, etc., 
 etc., without naming the exciting cause. 
 
 These enormities have been so frequent in 
 every city and township that the people soon 
 forget those that have occurred in their lo- 
 cality, and read with little concern about 
 the similar catastrophes coming to their 
 notice from other places. 
 
 Tobacco has never been charged with its 
 
54 
 
 proper share in the causation of the sad 
 property losses, diseases, sufferings, and 
 deaths mentioned on the preceding pages. 
 
 Modern science is just beginning to show 
 the iniquities of the use of alcohoHc bever- 
 ages. It is, however, as yet deahng only 
 with bodily or physical phases of the great 
 evil. Tobacco-using should be combatted 
 as a close companion evil, not only in a 
 physical sense but as a mental, psycholog- 
 ical, and moral evil. 
 
 Every observing person can point to num- 
 erous evil effects of tobacco and alcohol in 
 every community, both of recent and of he- 
 reditary origin. Many physicians for many 
 years have been sounding notes of warning, 
 and they are now taking more advanced and 
 practical measures in all civilized countries 
 for the suppression of these evil habits, and 
 for lessening the increase of physically and 
 mentally defective children. Even the 
 English Press has therefrom had occasional 
 spasms of 'regretting that the British race 
 is deteriorating.' — See abstracts in The 
 Literary Digest of 24 July, 1909. 
 
55 
 
 IX 
 
 Tobacco Causes Organic Degenerations, 
 AND THE Transmission of Degen- 
 eracy. 
 
 To the medical profession the credit is 
 due for the degree of hygiene and sanitation 
 - that prevails, as well as for the pure food 
 and drug law, and for other improved modes 
 of living. But the medical profession should 
 have more power from the governments. 
 The American Medical Association has been 
 laboring for a generation, and longer, for a 
 National Department of Public Health, 
 with a-free-from-political-bias physician as 
 a Cabinet Officer at its head. Progress has 
 been made toward this desirable result. 
 / There has been, and yet is, a sorry need for 
 uniform human-hygiene and other far-reach- 
 ing health laws, and for their uniform en- 
 forcement throughout the Nation. The 
 Congress has expended millions of dollars for 
 the improvement of the 'blood' and the 
 health of the farmers' live-stock (which was 
 proper) but scarcely a dollar has it expended 
 for the improvement of the blood or health 
 
56 
 
 of the people, other than for quarantine and 
 the marine hospital service, ostensibly in 
 the interest of commerce./ 
 
 Not until the United States has a De- 
 partment of Public Health with the dignit}^ 
 of a Governmental Department, and there is 
 a uniform system of health laws throughout 
 the States, will there be a fully equipped 
 rallying center for the Christian Good Sense 
 of the Nation in the support of all wise 
 measures best calculated to ameliorate the 
 evils and defects that now exist, and to in- 
 troduce and carry forward measures for the 
 proper endowment, physically and mentally, 
 of future generations. 
 
 Everyone can, and should, help in this 
 most worthy eiFfort; in talking ab'out it and 
 begetting favorable interest in the commun- 
 it}^ that will help to secure nominations, and 
 elections, only of men of correct habits who 
 will, in State Legislature, and in the Con- 
 gress, subserve the best. interest of the peo- 
 ple in these most important reforms, as well 
 as in other ways. 
 
 Anj^ habit, or act, of a parent that pro- 
 duces much of even functional disturbance 
 has bad effect upon the children begotten 
 by such parent. The deep defects produced 
 by tobacco on the generative system, men- 
 tioned on preceding pages, perniciously af- 
 fect the germ plasm, and germ cells, and 
 
57 
 
 cannot but show blight, more or less, in the 
 children that may be born of a parent 
 addicted to this vice. 
 
 Tobacco, in some ways even more than 
 the alcoholic-beverage habit, touches force- 
 fully the nerve centers; the medulla ob- 
 longata, the spinal center, the generative 
 center, and the great sympathetic nerve 
 centers, leaving therein its trail of debility, 
 defects, and degeneration, all of which af- 
 fections are in line of transmission to pos- 
 terity. 
 ^.-^^any children not showing pronounced 
 effects of degeneration in early life, will 
 exhibit great defects in later years, from 
 want of physical or mental strength to with- 
 stand the duties of life. A careful obser- 
 ver can discern many such cases, in many 
 variations of defects, in every community. 
 Some of the defects or perversions may 
 have alcoholism as well as nicotinism as 
 a contributing factor; and some may be 
 traced to result from one or more grand- 
 parents in different generations; but most 
 of them are due to cumulative evils. 
 
 As the generations have come and gone, 
 the number of perverted or otherwise de- 
 generate children have increased; and with 
 the impetus the cause has obtained, they 
 will continue to increase for some length of 
 time, even after the tobacco and alcohol 
 
58 
 
 habits are suppressed, and a thorough sys- 
 tem of 'breeding up' be inaugurated. 
 
 Eugenics is a new science in human race 
 improvement that is as yet not fully devel- 
 oped, even in theory. Too many of its ad- 
 vocates are addicted to tobaccoism at least, 
 and yet take too narrow a view of the re- 
 quirements of the science. However, some 
 investigators along this line are doing good 
 work so far as they can with their present 
 serious handicaps. In this connection see 
 the July, 1909, number of The Annals of 
 the A inerican A cadeiny of Political and So- 
 cial Science Number i of Volume XXXIV, 
 all of the 171 pages of which are given to 
 the discussion of Race Improvement in the 
 United States. Also see late discussions, 
 and enactment, of the Indiana Legislature. 
 
 The prevention of improper marriages or, 
 more properly and far reaching, the preven- 
 tion by surgical operations of propagation 
 of children by the diseased, by criminals, by 
 those mentally unfit, and all manner of de- 
 generates, of both sexes, may become a 
 necessity if the vices of narcotism and its 
 great brood of evils are not suppressed. 
 
 The advances made by mankind in civili- 
 zation have been tortuous and slow, mainly 
 from bad habits. Nations and their accum- 
 ulations have been overthrown by the 
 results, directly and cumulatively, of narcot- 
 
59 
 
 ics, wrongly called stimulants, such as al- 
 coholic beverages, opium, tobacco, etc., 
 and their perverting effects. 
 
 There can be properly-healthful manhood, 
 and properly-true and sure progress, only as 
 mankind is fed on the plainest most whole- 
 some foods, and the purest water; and the 
 entire life, and action, strictly governed 
 along the line of what is for the best. 
 Poverty, misery, crime, and all the horde of 
 otherevils now existing, can be banished only 
 by giving children their proper heritage of 
 sound health, and rearing them along this 
 reasonable, most important, and obligatory 
 line of sanity. 
 
 All writers, and other workers, for the 
 welfare and betterment of mankind have 
 friends, many friends or relatives, addicted 
 to, enslaved by, degenerating habits. And 
 many well-meaning people do not mention 
 or strongly combat these habits on account 
 of these friends or relatives. This is often 
 from a sentiment that cannot well be wholly 
 justified. Do good, let your light and in- 
 fluence shine, and be felt, whatever 'friend,' 
 relative or enemy oppose. 
 
 None but good, clear minds, honest and 
 brave hearts will well inaugurate and carry 
 forward any thorough movement for the 
 overcoming of evil habits and the better- 
 ment of the human race; and it is incum- 
 
66 
 
 bent upon everyone to do everything possi- 
 ble to help forward this most worthy move- 
 ment. 
 
 Everyone who flaunts the vice of tobacco 
 or alcoholic enslavement in public, is an 
 enemv to the human race, in that he there- 
 by exerts a pernicious example to his or his 
 neighbors' children, which may in turn 
 cause their enslavement in the same vice and 
 thus contribute to the increase of degener- 
 ates in the land. 
 
 /' It is a duty that everyone owes to his 
 God, to his family, to himself, community. 
 State and Nation, to be exemplary in his 
 habits and, so far as possible, a worthy 
 character for the youth and others to pat- 
 tern after. The greatest responsibility na- 
 turally rests upon the parents; but no one 
 has right to exemption from the duty stated^ 
 
 The word reformer is one of the best of 
 words; an^it has been more manifest each 
 year that every right-minded man and wo- 
 man should work together, prudently and 
 forcefully, for the replacing of evil habits in 
 their community with those habits best for 
 the individual, the family, and for the State./ 
 With right-minded people it is more evident 
 to day than ever before that tobaccoism is 
 second in evil only to alcoholism, and is 
 generally a recruiting stage for alcoholism. 
 
 The two greatest things that block the 
 
6i 
 
 wheels of Progress in civilization to day, 
 are these enslaving habits and a debased 
 commercialism founded upon them. Were 
 it not for the economic feature of vice 
 shortening the lives of the enslaved, and 
 the work of the few thoroughly Christian 
 parents and reformers — the salt of the 
 earth — there would be reversion even worse 
 than to the dark ages, with little other than 
 idiots, weaklings, criminals, and anarchy 
 abroad in the land. 
 
 The Southern States have been making 
 noble strides against the vice of alcoholism. 
 The Northern States should rise equal to 
 the occasion and carry the wave of reform 
 yet further, against tobaccoism as well as 
 alcoholism, the twins in opposition to free- 
 dom of the will, and to civilization. No 
 one can afford to oppose these efforts for 
 reform. 
 
 / The culture of tobacco and the distilleries 
 of alcohol have been the greatest curses of 
 the United States./They have been the 
 greatest detractors from proper agriculture. 
 Farms have been sadly neglected where 
 alcohol abounded. /Tobacco has not only 
 impoverished the soil^but it has bred night- 
 riding, anarchy and death. The United 
 States should be the great food and cloth- 
 ing (grain, and other foods, cotton, flax, and 
 wool) producers for the nations. The agri- 
 
62 
 
 culturists are rising year by 3^ear to greater 
 freedom from enslaving habits. But they 
 cannot rise to the full dignity of their work 
 until fully free; and until every acre of land 
 is devoted to its best and most honorable 
 use. 
 
 X 
 
 Questions Answered. The Corruptors. 
 
 Reformers Wanted For Their 
 
 Suppression. 
 
 Doubtless many questions will arise in the 
 minds of those who have read this little 
 book through to this page. Most of the 
 questions that have been presented to the 
 writer at different times about tobacco, are 
 answered in this section. Some of these 
 answers have been embodied in preceding 
 pages. In fact much of this book may be 
 said to be line upon line, precept upon pre- 
 cept, and warning upon warning. 
 
 There are many noxious, even poisonous, 
 plants growing by the roadside, in waste 
 places, and in fields, for which no particu- 
 lar use to mankind has been discovered. A 
 few of such plants are of some service to 
 mankind when discreetly used. Not so with 
 
63 
 
 tobacco. Tobaccoism or nicotinism is 
 classed with opiumism or morphinism, co- 
 cainism, hashishism, and alcohoHsm. To- 
 bacco and alcohol possess not one redeeming 
 feature for use as medicine like opium, 
 cocain, and hemp. Alcohol has valid use 
 only in the arts and sciences. -^Tobacco has 
 no valid use whatever^ 
 
 Tobacco habit is not formed from natural 
 desire for the pungent weed. Some persons 
 have formed the habit from unwise advice 
 of physicians or others addicted to it. 
 Generally, however, the habit is formed by 
 boys who are induced to persist through 
 the sickening tastings to form the habit, by 
 the dares or challenges, taunts and gibes of 
 their already degraded associates. Too of- 
 ten this pernicious influence has come from 
 men upon whom the boys have looked as 
 exemplars, but who are degenerates; also 
 from dealers in tobacco who desire pecun- 
 iary profit thereby ! Recently a boy in 
 England three years and nine months of 
 age, ill generally and with a tobacco heart, 
 was presented to hospital for treatment; and 
 it was there learned that his father had 
 trained him to smoke, and was giving him 
 ten cigarets a day, and was gathering money 
 from those to whom he was exhibiting the boy 
 in public in the act of smoking them! — The 
 Medical Times, New York City, 1909. 
 
64 
 
 Surely, many people in the palmy days of 
 old Greece were put to death for corrupting 
 the young to less degree than in these in- 
 stances. 
 
 Often the depravity and perversions of 
 the tobacco habit are asserted in most un- 
 reasonable and untoward ways. The victim 
 being so strongly enslaved that the will 
 power cannot reinstate itself, every shadow 
 of fallacy is seized at in an effort to excuse, 
 even to warrant, continuance of the vice. 
 Assertion is made that tobacco preserves the 
 teeth, which is not true. Also that it aids 
 digestion; the fallacy of which statement 
 has been shown over and over on preceding 
 pages of this book. An impure breath is 
 combined with a worse odor by tobaccoism. 
 There can be nothing worse than tobacco 
 reek. 
 
 Tobacco conduces to unhealthy flesh in 
 both the lean and the overfleshy. If any 
 change in weight occurs, it is likely to be 
 from fatty degeneration, or a wasting from 
 indigestion and malassimilation, from the 
 tobacco. 
 
 The physicians and clergymen who are 
 tobacco inebriates, contracted the habit 
 with their fellow boys, or in another unto- 
 ward state, and are, like others, so enslaved 
 that they cannot readily quit the vice. 
 They should be the first to keep their shame- 
 
65 
 
 ful indulji^ence out of sight ; and should wholly 
 quit the habit as soon as possible. If their 
 volition is so far deteriorated that they can- 
 not reform within themselves, they should 
 abide in a sanatorium until their will power 
 and general strength for abstaining from 
 the vice are fully restored. 
 
 The fact that an occasional user of to- 
 bacco lives to old age, is but a rare excep- 
 tion to the rule that tobacco produces dis- 
 ease and greatly shortens life. The human 
 system shows remarkable powers of tolera- 
 tion, accommodating itself to the many 
 serious impositions upon it. Were it not 
 for the extra strong eliminating, and accom- 
 modatingly elastic powers possessed by some 
 people, there would be more shortened lives, 
 even of early and sudden deaths, from to- 
 bacco, alcoholic beverages, and overeating, 
 than there are at present, as numerous as 
 such deaths now are. 
 
 When a man tells of the composure of 
 his nerves and mind by tobacco, it is but 
 the confession of his enslavement b}^ the 
 habit. The cravings for tobacco are but the 
 appeals of the habit for forging yet stronger 
 the chains of its victim's enslavement. One 
 so enslaved cannot think, or work, naturally 
 well when using and under the influence of 
 tobacco, and much less can he think or 
 work well without it; hence the habit is a 
 
66 
 
 great impairer of natural thinking and work- 
 ing ability. Because some men of great 
 natural ability have done some good work 
 when addicted to the vice, it is not at all to 
 the credit of tobacco; they could have done 
 far better without it. 
 
 Insistence upon total abstinence from al- 
 coholic beverages, tobacco, and all other 
 narcotics, is not antagonistic to personal 
 liberty in any reasonable sense; but it forms 
 the best assurance for personal liberty in 
 every true sense. Alcoholic and tobacco 
 inebriety are the worst kind of slavery. No 
 one can have moral, legal or personal lib- 
 erty with either. Even 'moderate' use of 
 tobacco or alcoholic beverage of any kind 
 is as unsafe to personal liberty as it is dan- 
 gerous to health, and the formation of a 
 wholly uncontrollable habit that will ruin 
 both body and soul. 
 
 C It is the duty of the State to outlaw every- 
 thing inimical to the welfare of its citizens. 
 Hence it is that every grade of court has 
 decided that the traffic in spirituous liquors 
 is illegal; and so it should be with tobacco, 
 the only dangerous narcotic that is at pres- 
 ent not under proscription of a just and 
 rigorous law. 
 
 It is a wholesome sentiment, that it is the 
 duty of parents, and of States, to see strictly 
 to the matter, that the children, and 
 
67 
 
 adults, are not blighted in body or mind by 
 any narcotic, or other cause, as only such can 
 make proper citizens^ 
 Alankind needs neither the vice of tobac- 
 co using, alcoholic beverage using, nor any 
 other vice, to do his or her best work. In 
 fact, one's bodily, business, and mental troub- 
 les multiply, and their friction increases, 
 from such habits^ To be temporarily 'sooth- 
 ed' (have the sensibilities blunted) by such 
 habit, is but to blunt, obscure or pervert 
 thoughts and realizations of duty. (In this 
 connection, see Dr. James L. Tracy's paper 
 on The Psychology of the Tobacco Habit in 
 the journal American Medicine ^ New York 
 City, July, 1909)- 
 
 The statement has been made occassion- 
 ally, and often implied, that it is necessary 
 for the young to *sow wild oats' and neces- 
 sary for mankind to have tobacco or alcohol 
 habit, or some other vice. This is the 
 most fallacious and pernicious of assertions, 
 and could emanate only from an evil mind. 
 Because people with these habits are per- 
 verted in mind, it is a most outrageous work 
 for them to proclaim that others are, or 
 should be, like themselves. Such enslaved, 
 perverted wills, and minds, are dangerous 
 factors to be abroad in the land. Mental 
 and moral obliquity go hand in hand. When 
 the body and mind, the physical and the 
 
68 
 
 psychical, are perverted, an}- other evil is 
 likely to be near at hand; and the converse 
 is also true. 
 
 The personal habits, of body and mind, of 
 everyone seeking patronage, or employment 
 should be carefully and thoroughly investi- 
 gated. Such investigation should be even 
 more thoroughly made regarding those seek- 
 ing public office. It can readily be under- 
 stood by thoughtful, observing persons, that 
 anyone handicapped with enslaving, per- 
 verting habits cannot retain the full measure 
 of a trustworthy man. All public servants, 
 and distinctively mental and moral teachers, 
 should possess full}^ rounded characters free 
 from all vicious habits, and possess influences 
 that tend only for the betterment of their 
 community and commonwealth in all ways, 
 
 Total abstinence people in every com- 
 munity should club together and work pru- 
 dently, and forcefully for all of the rights of 
 those who desire to live clean and worthy 
 lives. 
 
 That many tobacco users often have such 
 worthy feelings and desires, is without ques- 
 tion. The ph3^sical sufferings wrought by 
 tobacco are not so keen as are the frequent 
 dissatisfied, even disgusted, condition of the 
 minds of yet sensible and would be respect- 
 able men, who chafe under the fact that 
 they are enslaved by such filthy, vicious 
 
69 
 
 habit. However, too many, alas, lose all 
 will power even to make manly effort to 
 quit the vice, and lose, or ignore, their self- 
 respect also; even assume the vicious role of 
 bravado, in effort to appear wholly regard- 
 less of their own welfare, and of the rights 
 of those so unfortunate as to be afflicted 
 with their presence.* 
 
 No one has any right to flaunt his depra- 
 vity and his depraving habit in public. No 
 one has a right to circulate on a street or 
 elsewhere in public reeking with tobacco, 
 much less puffing its smoke in the faces of 
 others. Such bravados are becoming intol- 
 erabl}' numerous. In business places, public 
 offices, even in postofifices, courthouses, 
 hotels everywhere, and restaurants, where 
 free women and free men are obliged tt) go, 
 it has become necessary to pass through an 
 atmosphere vitiated by tobacco breaths and 
 tobacco sputa! 
 
 These are public outrages upon civiliza- 
 tion that self-and-rights-of-others respecting 
 men and woman should not longer continue 
 to endure meekly, as they have done in the 
 past. The right of everyone to pure air, 
 unadulterated by tobacco or other deleteri- 
 ous odors, should be insisted upon by all 
 clean people, forcefully if necessary. 
 
 *See Report on National Vitality^ Its Wastes and 
 Conservatism, b}^ Professor Irving Fisher, 1909. 
 
70 
 
 From the foregoing, and from the candid 
 thought by every one, can there be any 
 question about the extreme sinfulness of 
 tobacco using, and other narcotic habit, — 
 of their extreme sinfulness against self, 
 against the community, against future gen- 
 erations, and against The Creator? 
 
 Reduced to the ultimatum, tobacco is 
 worthy of no less an anathema or curse than 
 Shakespeare applied to the influence of al- 
 coholic beverages: If thou hast no other 
 name I will call thee Devil ! Also, of the 
 terrible arraignment of its companion evil 
 by Reverend Robert Burton (born A. D. 
 1577, died 1640) who wrote of tobacco in 
 162 1, that: *Tis a plague, a mischief, a 
 violent purger of goods, lands and health; 
 hellish, devilish, and damned Tobacco; the 
 ruin and overthrow of body and soul ! 
 
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