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MY OF 
 
 COAST 
 
 
 IF EVER I envi. i i> like George 8. Hillard, of Boston, whose six 
 
 months in Italy I hav id i'nr the third time, and \vli iptitms of 
 
 the scenery and the habits of the people of that beautiful country recur to in.- MS 
 so many pictures of unrivaled l"v -liness, I should now wish to be clothed with 
 his peculiar ili.-ulti.-s. OnU ts could do justice to my exprrit -ju of the 
 
 la.-t two weeks in T-x.'i> It' it is true that one likes a man 1 r li ha- 
 
 |n arreled with and been reconciled to him, then the recent difl n m s between 
 the sections < i the Northern visitor to the South unu-'i .1 al\ mi 
 
 There is an evident deposition on both sides to please and to be pleas- 1. \\ 
 saw human nature at its best, and the favorable impressions left upon our \> 
 were due in a large degree to the courtesy and cordiality with which we were 
 welcomed by those who were accustomed to regard the most of us 
 
 A8 THEIR EN KM IBS. 
 
 I wrote at length of Shreveport in my l.-tter of Tune 22, (published elsewhere 
 
 in this pamphlet). An inner view has given me a more favorable idea of its 
 
 lo and its resources. As the eastern terminus of the Texas and Pacific 
 
 ^vay, with prospective connections with lines looking to New Orleans, St. 
 
 i, Memphis, and Vi<-k>lur::. it is one of the must important of all the 
 
 hwestern cities, certain in the course of time to be a large and influential 
 
 place. Claiming a population of some ton th"iisnnd, and lately declared by 
 
 Congress 
 
 A PORT OF ENTRY, 
 
 it is a larire dt-pot for tho transhipment of cotton. In 1870, 111,688 bales were 
 
 it Shreveport, to 104.770' biles in 1871. Nearly all of this vast supply 
 
 is conveyed by ox-teams, which land their freight at Long View, on the Southern 
 
 Railway, 66 miles distant. :Uf>.o:U packages of merchandise were 
 
 *1 at Shreveport last year by the Red river boats, and were sent into 
 
 total value of its exports was S7.2>3.000, the sales of merchandise 
 
 ? the value of real estate $4,607,326. It has insurance companies, 
 
e 
 
 gas works, passenger railroads, manufactories of ice, breweries, saw-mills, etc. 
 The people are kind and hospitable, the leading citizens 
 
 INTELLIGENT AND PROGRESSIVE, 
 
 the schools and churches creditable. The cost of living is high when we 
 consider how easily the necessaries of life can be procured. Buildings command 
 in some cases a rental of $4,000 per year for business purposes. There are 
 three daily newspapers, two of them Democratic and one Conservative, and a 
 weekly Republican. During the last year ninety-nine new dwelling houses were 
 erected, twenty of them costing from five to ten thousand dollars each. The 
 bulk of trade is by the Red river. In 1870 there were 388 arrivals, embracing 
 a tonnage of 89,113 tons. 
 
 EXCELLENT STEAMBOATS 
 
 run between New Orleans and Shreveport, and between St. Louis, Louisville, 
 Cincinnati, and Shreveport, and freights to New York, Philadelphia, Boston, 
 Baltimore, Pittsburg, and Louisville, are tributary to these lines. 29,855 head 
 of cattle and 3.690 sheep were shipped from Shreveport during the last year. 
 The style of living is comfortable among the people, and in many respects luxu- 
 rious. The entertainment given to our party by G-eorge "Williamson, Esq., was 
 equal to any at the best housas in Philadelphia, and exceptional in all the fruits 
 of the season, including rips figs, oranges, melons, and bananas. Here we saw 
 for the first time, what afterwards became quite familiar to us, a series of 
 
 MOVING FANS 
 
 suspended over the dinner table, kept in motion, sometimes by the hostess, who 
 sits at the head of the table, but more frequently by a servant who stands at her 
 back, thus maintaining a pbasant current and saving the guests from the annoy- 
 ance of flics. The surroundings of Shreveport are beautiful, and many of the 
 residences finished and commodious. 
 
 THE COLORED PEOPLE 
 
 are happy and comfortable, hard at work, contented with their lot, and though 
 all Republicans, kindly tolerated by their heretofore white superiors. The truth 
 is, whatever may be said to the contrary, the freedmen are rapidly improving, 
 and are assisted by the benevolent white men 
 
 A STRIKING SCENE 
 
 took place just before we reached Shreveport, when the Lotus No. 3 hauled up 
 to discharge a hrge quantity of corn for the use of the hands who lived on the 
 plantation of Colonel Cummings, a wealthy planter before the war, and still a 
 man of substance, who wa$ among the passengers. he colored population 
 
rushed forward to greet him, several of the picanninies were stark-naked, and 
 they were only made conscious of their condition by the laughter of the 
 passengers. Colonel Cummings works his vast estate on shares, and told us that 
 most of his people were doing well, and comfortable. Similar cases were 
 mentioned, all going to pr<>v- that thr> n< uroes of the South are an industrious 
 and improving race. We left Shreveport early next morning, for Marshall, 
 Texas, some fifty miles distant by the 
 
 TEXAS AND PACJFir RAILWAY, 
 
 in a beautiful new car constructed at the company's shops at Hallvillo Tho 
 road was in rnpital condition, and we mado the trip in a little mmv thnn an 
 luur. At Marshall, which is the legal initiativ.- t' th> TVxas anl IVn-ili.- ' 
 C"l'>nel Scott has determined to establish the great work-shops of the e<>nij> any, 
 ml t i tint purpose has secured some sixty acres of la nl in a mntiiriums body, 
 and a donation of $300,000 from the county. The place diffn-s m'iivly i\m 
 S!iny.|M,it It is rather a collection of country seats than a town. Almost 
 
 v house is surrounded by a lot adorned with trees and flowers. Thr streets 
 
 1 and spacious, and the population somewhat exclusive. The public 
 
 m< M are known for their talents and culture. Marshall is the county seat f 
 
 II irrison, was long the residence of the celebrated Louis IV \\Ufill, r.nd a 
 
 -ite resort of the lamented Thomas J. Rusk and GM! m. 1 Houston, 
 
 fin* jurist, Hon. L. D. Evans, Chief Justice of Texas, lives at Marshall. 
 It was refreshing to find 
 
 A FIRST-CLASS COUNTRY BOARDING-FIOU8K 
 
 in rharpv i.f Mrs. C. B. King, who welcomed us with kind hospitality and whose 
 dinner was a perfect specimen of domestic cookery, not less agreeable because 
 served in real Southern style. While here I had a call from the Rcpublk 
 white and black bright, intelligent, resolute men. They also interviewed 
 
 :iel Scott, who gave them a kind hearing and showed a deep interest in their 
 welfare. Hero, as all over Texas, we were met with the usual complaint of the 
 scarcity of labor ; and when it was announced that from two to three thousand 
 mechanics and laborers would finally mako Marshall their head-quarters when 
 the great road was being built and in operation, the assurance was greeted with 
 great enthusiasm. Few of the white men have been reared to hard work. 
 
 istomed to the large profits resulting from the growth of cotton and to tho 
 h-ibit of producing nothing else and buying all they need, it will be something 
 of a trial for them to emulate to the healthy practices of the North ; but they 
 seem resolved to make tho effort and right glad that this opportunity is at hand. 
 A body of 
 
 SKILLED WORKMEN 
 
 in any town is a BQrt of college, operating as an example to idlers ; and thus it 
 may be that in the course of a few years the youth of Marshall will imitate the 
 
8 
 
 successful mechanics of the North, not simply in the character of their work, 
 but in physical and scientific education. The population of Marshall ranges 
 from 3.000 to 5,000. Its lawyers are men of eminence, and it boasts one Demo- 
 cratic and one Radical weekly paper. The court-house, a fine brick building, 
 is situated in the midst of a public square, in the neighborhood of a large new 
 hotel, and this square is surrounded by stores and business houses. It has a 
 
 FAIR GROFND 
 
 in the vicinity, of a number of acres, with commodious buildings and facilities 
 for showing horses and agricultural productions to advantage. Fairs are among 
 the modern indications of progress that have become numerous since the war. 
 Here, and at nearly every point of our journey, we met mutilated Confederate 
 soldiers, and I was much impressed by their civil manners. The vote of the 
 county is 2,770 colored to 1.0-41 whites. 
 One part of our programme was a 
 
 JOURNEY TO JEFFERSON, 
 
 some sixteen miles distant, overland, where Colonel Scott had a hearty welcome. 
 The population turned out en masse to greet him, including the firemen and 
 bands of music and peals of artillery. A brilliant ball took place in the evening 
 in honor of his arrival, which he and his friends attended. Jefferson is the 
 county seat of Marion, has a population of probably twelve thousand, and a 
 rapidly increasing trade. The vote stands 7-iO whites to 1.3G1 colored. It 
 sends to New Orleans 100.000 bales of cotton annually, besides beef, tallow, 
 wool, etc.. and needs railroads, not simply to increase its commerce, but to bring 
 in emigration. Now its only outlet is by the Cypress bayou, which connects it 
 with the Red river by second-class steamers for a portion of the year, while all 
 its cotton must be 
 
 HAULED IN BY OX-TEAMS. 
 
 Jefferson is directly on the main line of the Texas and Pacific, and connects 
 Marshall with the Trans-continental and the eastern terminus at Texarkana, 
 When this is built, as it will be within the next fourteen months, the vast pro- 
 ducts of the interior will be brought in and sent forth in incalculable profusion. 
 
 THE CLIMATE 
 
 of this part of Northern Texas is delightful. In summer the heat rarely reaches 
 80 degrees, and it is hardly cold enough in winter for snow. The bottom lands 
 produce about a bale of cotton, or forty bushels of corn to the acre. They are 
 well supplied with timber pine, cypress, walnut, oak, and ash. We saw Kelley's 
 iron works, seven miles from Jefferson, and found him manufacturing superior 
 hollow-ware his cooking stoves equal to any of our best in Philadelphia. The 
 iron deposits on his property are inexhaustible, and the quality of the ore superior. 
 3ir. Kelley started on small means, but has pushed himself into quite a business. 
 
In addition to iron, lead, and copper, we found here several mineral springs. 
 Schools are good, churches numerous, the society excellent. Colonel Scott pre- 
 sented his proposition to the people, and met a cordial and Hearty response. 
 Here again I met my Republican friends, and found them satisfied with their 
 condition. I also met the Republican editor and the leading Democratic editor, 
 and had a pleasant interview with both. The committee sent from Jefferson 
 to Shreveport to meet Colonel Scott, headed by Judge Macadoo, including 
 Captain B. F. Graflon, Colonel Clay Hynson, Mayor Craig, and others, would 
 have done credit to the corporate authorities of Boston. Jefferson deserves to 
 be called 
 
 THE PIKE NIX CITY. 
 
 It has several times been destroyed by fire, and has arisen from its ashes, not 
 in frame, but in stone and irm. There is considerable rivalry between Jefferson 
 and Shreveport, but as Texas holds out both hands full to her children, there is 
 plenty for all. I do not know a more thriving town in Pennsylvania, not even 
 in the oil regions, than Jefferson. One carious feature about these Texas towns 
 is the luxurious habits of the population especially of those in trade. You 
 liii-1 the best wines in their stores, every variety of canned fruit, and ice, either 
 c:ini.,l dir.-et from Boston or made on the ground, as at Shreveport; and it is 
 not difficult to trace the source of these habits to the monopoly of the growth 
 of cotton in the long years past, and to the dependence upon that product alone. 
 Now, 
 
 WITH DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRY, 
 
 and an equally diversified agriculture all of them rendered necessary by the 
 iiitn>liu>tiou of new vitalities and the increase of railroads cotton will no longer 
 dominate. 
 
 We returned to Marshall in the evening, and Colonel Scott closed his negoti- 
 ation with the authorities there. The next morning we took the train f,,r 
 Hullville, in company with Colonel Volney Hall, late vice president of the 
 Southern Pacific, to whom we have been greatly indebted for constant kind- 
 ness and courtesy. He accompanied us through Texas on the stage line, and 
 seemed to be a great favorite with the people, among whom he had many 
 acquaintances. 
 
 COLONEL BCOTT 
 
 took a rapid survey of the shops at Hallville, and gave orders for their removal 
 to Marshall, after which we enjoyed an appetizing breakfast at the residence of 
 Mr. Dickson, superintendent of the line, not less agreeable from the presence of 
 his accomplished lady. The bounty of Providence, poured down in such 
 profusion upon Texas, is not always accompanied by good cooks, so that an 
 exceptional meal gracefully served comes in to 
 
 LEAVEN DISSATISFACTION. 
 
 Ten miles more carried us to Long View, the end of our sixty-six miles by rail. 
 Now we are two hundred miles from Fort Worth, the terminus of the upper 
 * 
 
10 
 
 branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Now we leave the rail for the common 
 road ; the locomotive and the steamboat for the stage ; five hundred miles a day 
 for forty. The change is great, the way before us rough, but new scenes will 
 compensate for tedious progress and hard staging. 
 
 GENERAL DODGE, 
 
 our keen and experienced engineer, with his two assistants, takes the lead. We 
 follow, six in a stage-coach drawn by four horses, and three of us, Colonel Scott, 
 Mr. Walters, and myself, in a light Texas .ragon drawn by a pair of ugly, yet, as 
 the result proved, sure-footed mules. Many horsemen " lope" by us in the Texas 
 uniform, every one mounted on the Spanish or Mexican saddle, with a pommel 
 on which to rest the hands and to fasten the lasso when in pursuit of wild cattle 
 or horses. It was Sunday as we took the road, and many of both classes, chiefly, 
 however, of the colored people, rode by on their way to worship. We drove a 
 long distance through splendid groves of hickory, pine, post oak, and bois d'arc, 
 giving promise of abundant supplies for the railroad, especially for bridges and 
 ties and houses. There was a wondrous variety of tropical foliage. Now and 
 then we passed 
 
 A LOG CABIN, 
 
 sometimes without shutters to the windows, and almost always without glass. 
 Occasionally a fine plantation would look out upon us with a friendly glance, 
 with a cotton planter on the porch surrounded by his neighbors, and when we 
 stopped to water the greeting was cordial, and the inquiries many. They seemed 
 to know that " Colonel Scott was coming," and were all glad he had taken the 
 enterprise in hand. We followed the line of the road closely so closely, indeed, 
 as to be directly upon it frequently. Inconceivably lovely is the country it 
 enters. On all sides were fields of dark-green corn, cotton growing rapidly into 
 blossom, wheat and oats harvested and ready for the sickle; and fruits of all 
 kinds were abundant. It was a rare treat for us to pause, after pulling 
 through the deep sand and heavy mire of the forest, and drink in the magnificent 
 prospect. 
 
 Our progress began with Harrison county, of which Marshall is the county 
 seat, extending into Smith, Upshur, Yanzant, Dallas, and Tarrant. Along the 
 whole route uncultivated lands can be purchased for two dollars, and the best for 
 
 EIGHT DOLLARS AN ACRE. 
 
 Much of our ride was toilsome. We had heavy work to get over deep morasses, 
 iand sometimes had to tear through the roughest roads. Frequently we had 
 to go a long distance for water; but had we known how you in the East were 
 suffering from sunstrokes the molten sun pouring down on your devoted heads, 
 in such cities as Washington, New York, and Philadelphia we had not longed 
 for home. We suffered little or nothing from the Southern sun ; and when, at 
 the end of our first day, we entered Tyler, we were hungry enough to enjoy 
 
11 
 
 the direst fare, and tired e"nough to sleep on the hardest floor and to bid 
 defiance to the mosquitoes, which, however, visited us but rarely. Tyler is the 
 couuty seat of Smith, with a thriving population looking forward to the compb- 
 tion of our railroad, which passes through its northern townships. The whites 
 are in the majority. People have to 
 
 Wvr.ON THEIR CROPS 
 
 fifty to a hundred miles to the nearest depot, at Long View. Fine farms can be 
 bought hero for three dollars an acre. Timber can be purchased at the saw-mills 
 ii.r fifteen dollars per thousand i'.-et, but th- c >st of transporting it to the rail- 
 road is so great that it sells at from fifty tj sixty dollars a thousand at the depot. 
 Wlu-n the railroads are finished luuibcr can bo had as cheaply in Texas as in 
 almost any of the Northern States It is only necessary to remember the enor- 
 mous cost of transporting the cotton, corn, lumber, and other materials, to sets 
 
 ying necessity for railroads. 
 
 After a sound sleep Colonel Scott roused us at dawn, and, at the end of a 
 pleasant ride of twelve miles, we entered one of the sweetest of villages, named 
 
 MOUNT SYLVAN, 
 
 where a luxurious breakfast was spread in a little house, presided over by 
 Mrs. Dollahite. No catfish and waffles at the Falls of Schuylkill, near Philadel- 
 phia, could have boon more delightful nay, not even the luscious repast of Taft, 
 near Boston, nor yet the far-famed feasts at the High Bridge in N \v York, could 
 have been more toothsome. We were now on the Memphis and El Paso 
 stage liii he chargo of Major Wright, chief manager, whoso efforts to 
 
 contribute to our comfort we shall always gratefully remember. It was inter- 
 esting to watch his attention to his horses and his guests, especially when we re- 
 member that this line traverses over seven hundred miles through varieties of 
 climate and peoples. Now that the old stage-coach days have passed away in the 
 I like to sit and study the institution on the groat frontiers of the South- 
 west, and to listen to tho quiet humor of the driver, the quaint expressions of the 
 passengers, and the numerous incidents common to such a life. We reached the 
 county town of Vanzant, Canton, late in the evening, grateful that we had 
 escaped with whole bones, for our equanimity was sjrjly tried during the mem- 
 orable experience. Vanzant is called in djrlsiou the 
 
 FREE STATE OP VANZANT, 
 
 because of its hard fares and harder thoroughfares, but, notwithstanding bad 
 roads, the fields around us were bright with cotton and corn, the people happy, 
 and everybody full of expectation about the railroad Cultivated lands in Van- 
 zant are worth four dollars an acre, and unimproved one dollar. Provisions all 
 the farmer wants can be had at very low rates. Little or no feed for the stock 
 is needed in winter. One man can easily clear from three to five hundred dollars 
 
12 
 
 a year by farming, with nothing but his own hands. The vote here is 748 white 
 to 148 colored. Our landlady at Canton, Mrs. Young, was a young woman from 
 Indiana, blessed with a husband who came from near Fairniount, Philadelphia. 
 She had certainly bloomed into a thoroughbred 
 
 TEXAN MATRON. 
 
 We. had now accomplished some eight" miles, and next morning at daybreak 
 started for Kaufman, one of the most fertile counties in Texas, called after David 
 S. Kaufman, of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. The soil was -a black sandy 
 loam, immensely productive. It averages from twelve to fifteen hundred pounds 
 of seed cotton, from twenty-five to forty bushels of corn, fifteen bushels of wheat, 
 twenty to twenty-five bushels of rye, and from forty to sixty bushels of oats to 
 the acre. The best of these lands could be bought at from fifty cents to one 
 dollar and a half an acre before the war ; now they average from three to twelve 
 dollars. Corn sells at $1 per bushel, wheat SI. 50, oats 75 cents, rye 75 cents. 
 The average price of labor here, as in all the counties along the line of our road, 
 is twenty dollars per month in specie and found. Here let me remark upon the 
 damaging effects of hard money currency in Texas. After leaving Shreveport 
 the first question put to me was, 
 
 "HATE YOU ANY SILVER?" 
 
 Answering in the negative, I was admonished that it was necessary to provide 
 myself with coin. Of course, labor is plundered all the time. While you buy 
 this coin at ten per cent., what you purchase is generally twenty per cent, in 
 advance of that which you can procure elsewhere ; or, in other words, if you buy 
 in greenbacks they deduct twenty per cent. The vote stands 873 white to 191 
 colored. 
 
 After pulling through some twenty miles of sand and morass, we gradually 
 ascended the plateau and for the first time met 
 
 A TEXAS PRAIRIE. 
 
 I wish I could fitly describe the scene and its effect upon my companions. Ad 
 I have since noted by the Philadelphia and Xew York papers, you were then 
 smitten down in the streets, or driven into your homes, by the dreadful heat, yet 
 here, twenty-five hundred miles from Philadelphia, in the extreme Southwest, 
 we rested our horses and mules upon an elevation which commanded a pros- 
 pect unspeakably glorious. Far as the eye could reach there was nothing but 
 living green interspersed with groves. Herds of 
 
 CATTLE, OXEN, AND HORSES, 
 
 were browsing on the rich pasturage, their flowing manes and tails waving in 
 the free air. I felt as I have often felt, after leaving Philadelphia on .Saturday 
 
13 
 
 afternoon for the healthy bivarh .it 1 old ocean at Cape May, Atlantic City, or 
 Long Branch. We literally bathed in the wholesome atmosphere. A striking 
 contrast was presented between our trying rides over rough roads and the 
 heavenly zephyrs that coursed around us on this peerless prairie. Not the level 
 and carefully macadamized paths of Fairinount Park at Philadelphia, the Druid 
 Hill Park at Baltimore, nor the Central Park, N'-w York, surpass these natural 
 boulevards. Differing from the Western prairi.-s in the fact that they are still 
 undisturbed by population, save where here and there some 
 
 ENTERPRISING SETTLER 
 
 has already built his home, as if to wait for incoming population, you ride on 
 and encounter an occasional grove of well-watered timber. In the distance there 
 is an abundance of the famous Cross Timbers, which, beginning at the north, 
 run through this great empire in vast broad belts. Here, as well as afterward.-*. 
 when we coursed over the prairies leading into Kaufman, between Kaufman and 
 Dallas, and between Dallas and Fort Worth, I felt that Texas was, above all, the 
 home of the white man. 
 
 There is a theory that in the other Gulf States, lassitude, enervation, and in- 
 difference to toil, are so many results of the intense heat, and that no white man 
 can perform the labor essential to the development of that section ; and I met a 
 gentleman in New Orleans who predicated on this theory the dogma that gradu- 
 ally the whole of these States would be absorbed by the African race. But here, 
 in Texas, with its healthy solitudes, its broad, life-giving prairies, its diversity of 
 el i mate and productions, its wheat and cotton, its sugar and its corn, its coal and 
 its iron, tobacco, and every variety of vegetable, we have the assurance of a 
 future which should invite to its alluvial soil millions of the multitudes of the 
 earth. This, indeed, is 
 
 THE COUNTRY OP THE WHITE MAN. 
 
 Our driver, an enthusiastic Confederate, polite yet somewhat scornful of 
 Yankees, seemed glad to see us, and told us after our raptures over the first 
 prairies, that he had a place to show us that he regarded as God's own land. 
 He pointed with his whip, saying, " That is it," as we entered Seyene, and it 
 was a picture indeed worthy the pencil of a Claude or a Salvator Rosa ; and yet, 
 like all these magnificent stretches, waiting for the foot of progress and the hand 
 of labor. Many other spots, not less sweet and inviting, greeted us, like " Garden 
 Valley," a cluster of lovely hill and prairie, where we gathered some delicious 
 plums as we watered our horses in the groves. 
 
 At last we drove into Kaufman's, and had a hearty welcome and a sound sleep, 
 though our landlady, Mrs. Gibbs, thought that instead of thirty-five miles to 
 Dallas, we should prepare ourselves for a good round forty. 
 
 Early next morning, called up as usual by the chanticleer voice of Colonel 
 Scott, we had another prairie ride into Dallas, one of the chief points of the 
 
-14 
 
 Texas and Pacific line, where we found our friends in waiting, and were regaled 
 in the evening by a serenade and a pleasant interchange of compliments. 
 
 FROM SHREVEPORT TO DALLAS. 
 
 If a Pennsylvania farmer, anxious to select the best location for his sons, had 
 gone forth to Texas to lay down the line of the Texas and Pacific Railway, he 
 could not have chosen a more delightful section than that traversed by Colonel 
 Scott and his companions, between Shreveport, Louisiana, and this very town of 
 Dallas. It is the seat of the county called after our Pennsylvania Vice Presi- 
 dent, and like most of these Texas towns, has a good deal of the cosmopolitan 
 character. You meet people from all countries and from all the States the 
 German, Scotchman, Frenchman, and I talked with many Pennsylvanians. We 
 met the editor of the Herald, Mr. Josselyn, who, although a stalwart Democrat, 
 I suspect will never support Greeley, and Judge Hart, of the District Court, 
 who was born at Marietta, Ohio, and at fifteen years old helped to pull and pole 
 a boat along the Ohio to the Red river, a distance of more than a thousand miles, 
 with his mother, brothers, and sisters on board, his journey consuming over four 
 months of time. He, unlike Josselyn, is a Radical, and is as much respected as 
 if he belonged to the dominant party. Dallas votes 1,242 whites to 424 colored. 
 
 The Crutchfield House, at Dallas, is a good hotel, and would be much better 
 if the proprietor can induce the authorities to remove the offensive " range" 
 along the Trinity, which is not only a disgrace to the town itself, but will most 
 certainly breed a pestilence unless it is incontinently removed. 
 
 Colonel Scott made his arrangements with the people of Dallas. His propo- 
 sition was accepted by the authorities. 8100,000 was voted to the railroad, with 
 land for the depot, and right of way through the town ; and their action has 
 since been ratified without a dissenting voice by the people. Here we met Gov- 
 ernor Throckmorton, and enjoyed his society as far as Fort Worth in a prairie 
 ride of indescribable interest. 
 
 FORT WORTH. 
 
 But who can do justice to Fort Worth, where the two branches, the Trans- 
 continental and the Southern Pacific road unite, and form one line, the Texas 
 and Pacific, stretching thence to El Paso, and afterwards through tho Territories 
 of New Mexico and Arizona, thence to California and the harbor of San Diego ? 
 I know of no panorama equal to it. Fort Worth was originally constructed by 
 Major General Worth, and was for a long time the extreme frontier settlement 
 in the State of Texas. It was erected for the purpose of protecting the citizens 
 of that section from the depredations of the Indians. They have not ventured 
 near the town for the last ten or fifteen years. The Government forts and forces 
 have been removed to the frontiers beyond, while civilization holds the bound- 
 aries it has conquered. We met many of the first settlers in this splendid region, 
 and could easily imagine how the red men fought to hold it against the whites. 
 
 The fort has been entirely dismantled and converted into a comfortable dwell- 
 
15 
 
 ing-house. The town of Fort Worth contains some twelve or fifteen hundred 
 inhabitants, several churches, good schools, and a large court-house, in the centre 
 of the plaza, constructed of yellowish limestone, resembling Joliet marble. It 
 remains in an unfinished condition. Fort Worth is beautifully situated on a 
 broad plateau. Immediately on its northern and western borders are the waters 
 of the Clear Fork and West Fork rivers, which here unite and form the Trinity. 
 The banks are steep and precipitous, one hundred and ten feet in height, covered 
 with luxuriant foliage. 
 
 The prospect from this plateau is grand beyond description, decidedly the finest 
 we enjoyed during our visit to Texas especially in the western direction and 
 the course pursued by the Texas and Pacific Railroad. For fifty miles away there 
 lay stn-teh.-d before us a succession of cultivated lands, interspersed with belts 
 of timber, wide expanses of prairie lands with the natural grass, and in the dim 
 horizon, so far off as scarcely to be distinguished from the clouds themselv. -. a 
 succession of lofty mountains. The hotel accommodations at Fort Worth need 
 greatly enlarged, but there are comfortable private dwellings, and the citi- 
 zens are kind, courteous, and hospitable. The breezes at this elevation far sur- 
 pass anything we experienced. 
 
 Fort Worth is a city set upon a hill, and as the point of junction bctuvm the 
 two bmtohesoi the Texas and Pacific, is particularly enviable, inasmuch as lYim 
 thid locality the Grand Trunk line to the Pacific will be projected and pushed. 
 Lands in the vicinity of Fort Worth have h n v.-Hin^ a t exceedin-jly lw ]>t 
 but th>-y will be greatly enhanced on account of its proposed railroad facilities. 
 During the last year 500,000 head of cattle were driven throu Worth on 
 
 their way to Missouri and Kansas, and as wo left the town wo met a single 
 
 eullUlillili. 
 
 TEXAS TRIES AND FLOWERS. 
 
 It would require the pen of an experienced and practical botanist to describe 
 the numerous varieties of trees, plants, shrubbery, and flowers peculiar to this 
 section, and to mark the different species as we gradually approach the tropics. 
 I mentioned in one of my former letters that as we entered New Orleans we 
 foam! the jassauiine, the oleander, the palmcda, the sago palm, the banana, the 
 orange and lemon, the fig, the pomegranate, the wild plum, and the plantain ; 
 the crape myrtle was of frequent occurrence wherever -any attempt was made 
 at cultivation. 
 
 In the swamps and morasses the palms grew most luxuriantly, while clusters 
 of waxen pond lilies floated gracefully on the surface. The trumpet flower, or 
 American creeper, clung to hundreds of trees, and the blossoms attained a far 
 richer depth of color than in our Northern climate. Our ride on the Mississippi 
 afforded a magnificent sight. We noticed hedges eight or ten feet high, and of 
 dense foliage, composed entirely of wnat they call the Cherokee rose resembling 
 the white tea rose perfectly hardy, and a perennial bloomer. The magnolia 
 grandiflora tree grows very large, and as we passed along its blossoms emitted a 
 
10 
 
 delicious perfume; and noble lawns fronting the levees, and connected with grand 
 old plantations, were adorned with clusters of crape myrtle, oleanders, magnolias, 
 and jessamine, and orange and fig trees in endless profusion. 
 
 The variety known as the Fly Celestia is just now in season. It requires a 
 cultivated taste to appreciate the fig. It is considered a great luxury by the 
 Southerners, but to a stranger at first seems insipid. When the outer coating is 
 removed, however, and it is served with sugar and cream, the flavor is greatly 
 improved, and after one or two trials, and just as we were bidding farewell to 
 Louisiana, we found ourselves readily acquiring a fondness for it. 
 
 The oleander flourishes in extraordinary luxuriance in the city of Galveston. It 
 borders the sidewalks, and thousands of blossoms of the double-pink variety are 
 to be seen on a single tree. The white species is also a favorite in this locality. 
 
 The rose tree and the Cape jessamine are peculiarly adapted to this sandy 
 soil, and a bouquet can be gathered in the open air at almost any period of the 
 year. The China tree, or Pride of the South, is a great favorite in this locality. 
 It is of a dwarfed and bushy growth, blooms early in the season, and is just now 
 loaded with seed pods. On the prairies we noticed the musquite tree. Its 
 foliage is light green and feathery. It bears a bean pod, which is said to form 
 an excellent substitute for bread, and is relished by both man and beast. The 
 mustang grape flourishes luxuriantly in the swamps and lowlands, and we noticed 
 many large clusters of unripe fruit. The prickly pear, a variety of cactus, is 
 found in abundance, and hundreds of varieties of flowers are to be seen on every 
 hand. Among these, I may mention white and crimson poppies; a magenta- 
 colored thistle of rare beauty and endless profusion; a new variety of the lupin, 
 of flesh color, tinted with scarlet, delicate white blossoms of various kinds, 
 yellow and pink star flowers, great clusters of the blue verbena, petunias of many 
 colors, the coreopsis, portulacca, blue lilies with brown and golden centres, the 
 standing cypress plant with great spikes of scarlet-colored blossoms, the passion 
 vine covered with bloom, daisies, marguerites, and asters, and many other 
 specimens of floriculture with which I was not familiar. 
 
 Delighted as we were with the glorious wealth of flowers, we were informed 
 that it was too late in the season to see them in perfection. During the latter 
 part of May. and from that time to the middle of June, it is said the prairie 
 presents the appearance of a vast flower garden. Most of these plants seed pro- 
 fusely and annually multiply themselves almost indefinitely, while others are 
 perennial in their habit. The Commissioner of Agriculture at Washington could 
 do nothing better than to send agents to the Texas prairie to gather seeds and 
 plants, instead of importing them from abroad. 
 
 The variety is quite as extensive as those we now secure from the foreign 
 markets, and there is no doubt the most of them would readily adapt them- 
 selves to the latitude of the middle, Western, and Northern States. 
 
 FAREWELL TO DALLAS. 
 
 On the morning of Saturday, the 29th of June, we bade farewell to Dallas, 
 
17 
 
 and, after a charming ride of seven miles across the prairies, arrived at Trinity 
 Bridge, the terminus at that time of the Texas Central Railroad, but it is 
 expected that in a few weeks the iron-horse will force his way to the enterprising 
 city we had just left. It was a refreshing sensation to see a railroad once more, 
 and, although we were ahead of time and the train had not yet arrived, we felt 
 that we would soon be whirling our return to Philadelphia. In a few minutes a 
 hand car made its appearance, propelled by colored convicts from the State IVni- 
 tentiary at Austin. Some fifteen or twenty stalwart negroes were engaged on 
 the road at this point, carefully guarded by two white men with loaded rifles, 
 and they appeared to be perfectly happy and contented doubtless preferring 
 exercise in the open air to the atmosphere of a Southern prison. I understand 
 it is quite the custom in the Southwestern section to employ convicts on public 
 thoroughfares. The State receives so much per day for the labor of these 
 victs, and they in turn reduce their term of imprisonment if they behave them- 
 selves properly. 
 
 At half-past 12 o'clock the train arrived, and we soon shipped our mini' -mus 
 packages and were traveling rapidly onward to Corsicana, >.mr titty-live mil ^ 
 from Trinity Bridge. Our path still lay through the prairies, but civili/atimi 
 followed the iron rail, and settlements were started at many points along the lino. 
 Emigrant wagons, drawn by five or six yoke of oxen, were often seen, and 
 hero for the first time we saw the cotton plant in full bloom. Encampment* 
 were noticeable, and rude frame tenements offered entertainment for w.-ary 
 travelers. Many cattle were feeding on the prairies, and they scamper, d 
 when warned by the fierce shriek of the locomotive a sound to whieh they had 
 evidently not yet become accustomed. 
 
 Steaming along at a very rapid rate late in the afternoon, the check string was 
 pulled suddenly, the train stopped, and looking from the rear of our car some one 
 exclaimed, " Here is a case." The passengers alighted, and after going up tho 
 track for a hundred feet we saw a man lying with his head resting against the iron 
 rail. To all appearances we had crushed him. But waking him from a sound 
 sleep, he raised himself, and, leaning upon his one arm the other having \n^ 
 since been amputated he exclaimed : " Go on with your train, it is none of 
 your business/' He had lain down between the cross-ties, and was pcrfertly 
 unconscious of the narrow escape he had made, and was indignant at having his 
 nap disturbed. 
 
 W. reached Corsicana at five o'clock in the afternoon, and here we enjoyed a 
 most agreeable surprise in the hape of a magnificent Pullman palace car, which 
 had been placed at our disposal, and which was then making ite first trip over 
 the Texas Central. It was built in Pennsylvania, and was an exceedingly 
 creditable specimen, including all the recent improvements, with side-lights for 
 the benefit of those who desire to read in the evening. This is the first Pullman 
 ever seen in Texas. We were brought near to home by finding the New York 
 and New Orleans papers of a very recent date spread before us. Northern ice 
 was in the water-cooler, and we soon forgot the inconveniences and annoyances 
 3 
 
18 
 
 we had endured, and doubly enjoyed the comforts by which we were surrounded. 
 It was accordingly near nine o'clock in the evening when we reached 
 
 HERNE, 
 
 the junction of the International and Texas Central Railroads. Here we were 
 met by Mr. H. M. Hoxie, the obliging and efficient superintendent of the Inter- 
 national, and escorted to his pleasant house, near the depot, where a sumptuous 
 supper awaited us. While we remained at table the party was so quiet and so 
 busily engaged in discussing the good things set before them that conversation 
 flagged, and our chief felt constrained to apologize to our accomplished hostess 
 for our apparent indifference. The best evidence of our appreciation, however, 
 was found in the eagerness with which we disposed of her tempting viands, and 
 Mrs. Hoxie herself appeared to consider this a sufficient compliment. 
 
 Herne has become quite a city within a year and is dostined to grow rapidly. 
 Here we met a well-known Pennsylvanian, 
 
 HON. GALUSHA A. GROW, 
 
 president of the Houston and Great Northern Railroad, a work which he is 
 earnestly pressing forward, supported by the confidence of the whole people. 
 His agreeable, frank, and sincere manners, have made him quite a favorite. 
 
 Greatly refreshed by the kind treatment we received at Herne, we again 
 entered the sleeper and rode to Hempstead, where we took the railway leading to 
 Austin, the capital of the State, arriving there about eight o'clock in the morn- 
 ing. Austin is nobly placed on seven hills, and its sarroundings are beautiful. 
 It has many handsome buildings , and the hotel accommodations are excellent. 
 Colonel Scott and two of the directors of the road, and General Dodge, called on 
 Governor E. J. Davis at the Governor's mansion, a splendid edifice on a fine 
 eminence, literally embowered in a natural conservatory of choice trees and 
 flowers, several of which the " umbrella China," for instance were indescriba- 
 bly lovely. He is a tall, fine-looking personage, about forty-five, and talks and 
 demeans himself like a gentleman. He gave us a gracious welcome, and hailed 
 our road as the permanent redemption of Texas. He looks like a resolute and 
 fearless man ; and many oppose him, yet everybody says he is perfectly incor- 
 ruptible. We spent Sunday at Austin, and started for Houston at eight 
 o'clock in the evening. We arrived at 
 
 HOUSTON 
 
 at eight o'clock on Monday morning, and were at once driven to the Hutchins 
 House, a brick hotel of large dimensions, which we understood had been built 
 and paid for with Confederate currency. The proprietor raised all his fruits and 
 vegetables in a garden near the hotel, and his success was the best proof of the 
 adaptation of the soil to the varied fruits of the earth. Four leading railroads 
 meet at and diverge from Houston. It is a substantial-looking city, and has many 
 enterprising inhabitants. Yellow fever has not visited this section of Texas for 
 
19 
 
 several years, although every season the people naturally anticipate its arrival. 
 The disease has been carefully studied, however, and professional nurses generally 
 succeed in saving lives when the patients are taken in time. The most intense 
 heat prevails between the hours of nine in the morning and two in the after- 
 noon. After that a delicious breeze springs up, and the nights are nearly 
 always cool and comfortable. 
 
 The Hutchins House is called after W. J. Hutchins, vice president of tho 
 1 -ruling railroad of the State, the Houston and Texas Central a Northern man, 
 but for thirty years a resident of Texas, where he has acquired a large fortune. 
 He was espeeially attentive to Colonel Scott* greeting him in the new Pullman 
 
 md extending liberal courtesies to his associates. He is a man who would 
 make his mark anywhere. I wish I could refer personally to the good men of 
 my profession who called to me on my way through Texas. They were of all 
 sides in politics, and did not care whether I agreed with them or not. Tracy, of 
 th-- II..u>tMn / 1 i. and an especial trump, and I was glad to see that 
 
 tin nigh as resolute and radical as myself he had the good will of all parties. 
 
 - a belligerent Grant man ; talks rijrht <-ut in meeting; gives blow for blow; 
 
 thinks Texas was Jhe first thing created after God made Heaven, herein 
 slightly differing from General Sheridan's epigram. 
 
 The scarcity of wholesome and palatable drinking water is one of tho greatest 
 drawbacks to Southern Texas. In many places the springs are impregnated with 
 salt, alum or copperas, and in some localities entirely unfitted for culinary or 
 drinking purposes. These difficulties are obviated, however, by tho introduction 
 of large cisterns, which have been generally adopted by all who understand 
 tho secret of making themselves comfortable. Each house has a cistern 
 
 hed, and the winter rains only are carefully n.lleeted. In many instances 
 they pass through a filtering apparatus filled with charcoal. With tho first 
 advent of spring, or as early as the first of February, the cistern is closed. The. 
 water undergoes the process of fermentation, after which it becomes as clear as 
 crystal. It is pal-itable even without ice, but with it is fully equal to, and, in- 
 1 <1, surpasses most of the water used in Northern cities. Artesian wells are, 
 however, frequently sunk, in nearly every case with marked success. Wo 
 remained in Houston till half past ten o'clock, when we took a special train 
 for Galveston, some fifty miles further South. Almost the entire distance was 
 across the prairie, which is very thinly settled, and but few attempts have been 
 made at cultivation. The whole expanse is used for grazing purposes, and sub- 
 sists thousands of cattle. Whirling rapidly along, we noticed the prairie on fire, 
 and clouds of smoke ascended in the distance, while the flames eagerly licked the 
 dry, parched grass, and moved on with resistless fury. Superintendent Nichols 
 was in charge of the train, and did everything to render the trip a pleasant one. 
 We approached Galveston over an arm of the sea, by a bridge of piles nearly two 
 miles in length, and greatly enjoyed the view here afforded of its magnificent 
 beach, which is said to be twenty miles in length, and has been pronounced by 
 pld salts the finest in the world. 
 
20 
 
 Among the many agreeable new acquaintances none seemed so much like an 
 old friend as General R. D. Nichols, president of the Galveston, Houston and 
 Henderson Railroad, who lived at Galveston, and who treated us with a princely 
 hospitality, made more delightful by his natural bonTiomie and his lively interest 
 in the progress of the times. He was born in New York, and has grown to for- 
 tune in Texas. He lives in true Southern style, and seems to have all his old 
 slaves about him, who look up to him no longer as a master but as a friend. 
 
 We regretted our inability to visit 
 
 SAN ANTONIO, 
 
 which is said to be one of the most unique and interesting cities in the south- 
 western section of the Union. It was more than eighty miles distant from 
 Austin, the nearest point, and the journey would have to be performed by 
 stages over a very rough road. 
 
 TO ANXIOUS INQUIRERS. 
 
 "What has been printed in THE PRESS about my trip to Texas has over- 
 whelmed me with inquiries. I can neither answer my correspondents nor my 
 visitors. I knew how much interest was felt in the Southwest, but I did not 
 know how many of our best people would like to go there, the followers of Col. 
 Scott, as artisans and farmers. Let me repeat to these that Texas, of all the 
 Southern States is 
 
 THE WHITE MAN'S COUNTRY. 
 
 It has a territory of 280,000 square miles of arable land. Its climate, especially 
 along the line of our road, is healthy. After you leave Galveston there are no 
 epidemics. I never saw stouter men or women than in Northeastern Texas. A 
 person desiring to visit Texas, starting from Philadelphia or New York, can get 
 there ( Texas) for about $80 ; Philadelphia to New Orleans, about $40, and from 
 New Orleans to Galveston, $18 ; or if he prefer to go by the Red river the cost 
 would be a little more. With $200 in his pocket he can see all the points of in- 
 terest. A recent Texas writer says : " Men with families, who only have means 
 to bring themselves and families to Texas, need not fear to come. The great 
 mass of men here arrived without means. A man who is willing to labor can 
 get provisions advanced, and any man setting into work can get dry goods on 
 credit until the close of the season. In two years any energetic man can make 
 money enough to buy such stock as are needed on a small farm, when the 'new- 
 comer' can buy a small piece of land on credit, and in two years be independent. 
 His stock growing around him without cost, winter or summer, his current 
 expenses after the second year can be met without using the means resulting 
 from the farm." 
 
 ADVICE TO YOUNG FARMERS. 
 
 There are ten thousand young farmers in the Middle States who could do more 
 for themselves and for their country by acting on these suggestions than by any 
 
21 
 
 otht-r venture- They must not be afraid >f social ostracism. Let them go out 
 
 ans <r iVmoerats. Nobody will harm them s long as they are not 
 foolish. Thry need not go out to advertise their politics. They 
 .-hould be firm uud i'earlos. and then nobody will interrupt them. 
 
 TFIK OEOPfl FOR 18T2. 
 
 The crops of cotton, com, wheat. OttS, tobae.-o. siujar. rice, oranjres, and pota- 
 : pnuuisf ama/int; results. What adds to the value of this knowl- 
 is the tact that labor is paid A- I - -i\v in one stretch of country between 
 hear City and Algiers, L.uii>iana -ttoii. rice, oranges, banana.-. 
 
 and in Texas, on on.- plantation.com twelve feet hi^h. three ears t- a stalk ; 
 OOtton, a bah- to ;m acre, wlr I in full promise of overflowing- cotters, the 
 
 thmiL'liT tir-t in my mind was, that ! ts >hare of the profits, and that 
 
 0WD6fihfp was not only not le-> rieh. but far more happy. 
 
 Our h.m.Miatie fri.-n.U in Texas generally go for Greeley, and are a little 
 intolerant a-ain>t thn>,- who d H and then a tin*- fellow like ,) ( ,hn D. 
 
 Klliott. of the Austin 7V/ M r,-d I >eino, T at _ < W( -ars hituely 
 
 that he won't support <ire-i ped by thi< tune he h i> .-wallowed the 
 
 phi!- 
 
 At hallas I in.-t Mr. \\". -nfartli. an intelli-.-nt German, who was going to 
 . in the Indini i-..untr\. toe>tib!i-!i Q (l.-rman colon\ -a bri-ht. b: 
 fellow. 1 00 the l.'jtil of AugUSt; I gUVO hitll a lett.T tO GeU- 
 
 1 1 il l*< Ik nap asking for an escort. 
 
 GENERAL ^\ H. KMnRT. 
 
 \V ri I \\' . li I! .'W Orleans, now in command at New 
 
 ( ' in> a ripe fruit of half a century's BUD. and Mirm in the national service. 
 
 i all m\ re-.ird for th.- \luiitrTv t! n.-thin'_ r in an old-la>hioned 
 
 fellow hk ii.it eipri Thi.-e r'-'julars have a sort of sturdy im- 
 
 ility as b.-tw, n factions -in ir -n d- \otiou to country that makes them a 
 
 ; of supreme court in a flairs. He was most welcome to Colonel Seott a s th" 
 
 r of the government who made th- oriuin d n-o.mini-.-aiM-.'. and w,is the 
 
 eoinmi^ion. r for running th uidary which is now au important part of 
 
 our line to the Taeitie 
 
 TKXAS TIM HER. 
 
 Tli foj-.-sts and belts of timber interspersed with the prairies of Middle and 
 a great variety of lumber adapted for fuel and ship- 
 building and railroad purposes. Nearly all the oaks so common to our section 
 grow luxuriantly in Texas. In addition to theso the live oak is found in abund- 
 in the eo a >t counties, much of it within thy reach of tidewater navigation. 
 
22 
 
 Vast forests of pine on the Sabine, Angelina, and Xueces rivers will yield almost 
 inexhaustible supplies of tar, pitch, and turpentine for the commerce of the 
 world. Directly on the line of the Texas and Pacific Railway, the post oak and 
 cross timber lands are of frequent occurrence. These woods are close grained, 
 tough, and durable, and specially useful for cross-ties and for heavy tressel-work. 
 etc. Hickory, cypress, ash, poplar, beech, cottonwood, and the swamp willow 
 grow spontaneously, affording an ample supply for fuel. 
 
 INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL. 
 
 Our trip was full of incident. The meeting with Governor Throckmorton was 
 a pleasant surprise. As a director of the Texas and Pacific he was most useful. 
 He knows the State as ''the seaman knows the sea," and is a rare popular 
 favorite. His sketches of past history his anecdotes of Houston and Rusk 
 his Indian legends his magnetic humor made him a rare addition to our little 
 party. Throckmorton, like all the rest, fought in the Confederate service, after 
 having boldly resisted secession as a State Senator. Like General Houston, he 
 believed nothing but disaster would crown the rebellion. Houston refused to 
 the end to take the Confederate oath, for which he was deposed from the office 
 of Governor of Texas, the last office he held. I found his name a talisman 
 everywhere. Every reference to him in niy speeches touched the hearts of my 
 audience. He died at Huntersville, Texas, July 25th, 1863, aged 70, but not 
 till he had warned his friends against the madness of the rebellion. Had he not 
 been wise and prudent beyond most men, there would have been a civil war in 
 Texas, as there were thousands of Unionists ready to rise for the old flag but 
 his counsels restrained whui should have been an unspeakable calamity. Throck- 
 morton was sent by Prccicbnt Davis into the Indian country to form a treaty 
 with the red men, and earned the sobriquet of " Leatherskin" from his suit 
 of buckskin, presented to him by the far-famed Elias Rector, of Arkansas, one 
 of the old-time Indian traders. He remained with them for several months, 
 down to the collapse of the Confederacy. His descriptions of their life would fill 
 a volume with romantic adventures. One incident he relates with peculiar 
 gusto : Three friendly Indians, a brave and his two young wives, who had been 
 active in restoring some white captives, called to see <; Leatherskin" at his home 
 in Collin county. The chief was particularly struck with his likeness in one of 
 the Governor's full-length mirrors, and insisted upon taking his hat as a memento, 
 while the females were as urgent to be dressed like the ladies of the family, even 
 to hoops and bustles. They were gratified, and bore their new burdens with 
 commendable gravity. 
 
 POLITICS. 
 
 Everybody talks politics in Texas. You can no more avoid air than political 
 discussions. I found that I was quite well if not favorably known, and generally 
 
23 
 
 had a salute after this fashion: "I remember you well when you edited the 
 
 L'm'nn at Washington and the Peiattyhaman at Philadelphia, and saw your 
 
 change into a Republican with rcj To which I always an>wered: "And I 
 
 now have to return your compliment. MS I see you all going over to Mr. Greelev. 
 
 the oldest, and ablest, and fiercest of all the Republicans." A hearty lauirh 
 
 followed the retort, ami copious inquiries about I'nele Horace. They are not 
 
 quite sure of him, but "anything to i r a number of 
 
 lawyers, on their overland way to Au-tin. - -t into a high controversy about the 
 
 fl of the hour, and as th i t-> wat.-r their h-i-- Deluded they 
 
 would ask the tir-t person they met how he t'.-lt on the subject. At this moment 
 
 a 1 >n_r. t.>w-headed youth of about seventeen came out of one of the cabin>. and 
 
 th.' .jut^rion was put to him. It was evident that he e.-uld neither r.-i.l nor 
 
 his reply was indignant and quirk : "All f kn< ;f is. thai I'm 
 
 damned if I aint going to have my rights in the T.-rrit -rios." 
 
 i '.AGGERS. 
 
 d of carpet-baggers is in ten- logical. They forgive in an instant 
 
 when the o},j,.< -li.mal person turns over to them. They have Co ; srdoued 
 
 A. J. Hamilton since he declared for Greeley, just as they have taken the ' 
 into their confidence, and when we first entered Louisiana th \ hly 
 
 severe on Governor Warmouth , yet, as we passed t! 01 on our 
 
 ii, wo found them much moderated in view of his declaration for th S 
 < 'li .] ; i'|iia. Governor Davis, of Texas, is still under th< hm, and likely to 
 
 u so, as he is a stern friend of Grant 
 
 ROBERT B. LF.E. 
 
 ral Lee's likontwB is in every house. !! >- th. eh. ri-hcd idol Some- 
 t 'mi -s he is side by side with Washington; but. I saw Jefferson Davis nowhere 
 but in one restaurant at Galveston. He seems to have fallen under a cloud. 
 
 STUDIES FOB THE ARTIST. 
 
 Had the artfc of our party not been better employed, ho could have gathered 
 man i for his pencil. Some o the pictures that passed before us were 
 
 unique and beautiful. One hot afternoon u to rest and refresh ourselves 
 
 at a lo^r t-ahiu i Q a grove on the brow of a prairie. A likely woman with a lovely 
 child sat on the porch and b her gourd to dip the water from a well on 
 
 the premises. She was surprised at our display of ice, and said this was the first 
 she had ever seen. Innocent and ignorant, herself and child were fair types of 
 frontier simplicity, and her little house was neat and clean. As we paused in 
 this solitude two hunters rode in from the near thicket, and halted to have a look 
 
24 
 
 at the strangers. Each had his rifle, and, as they sat on their horses, with their 
 long guus laid over their Mexican saddles, their broad sombreros, leather leggins, 
 and tightly-girdled blouses, they looked as if they had come to have their portraits 
 taken. After a steady stare they rode rapidly away Another day we came in 
 upon quite a cavalcade of sportsmen with their dogs, horses, guns, and provisions. 
 They were just entering on a scout for deer, of which, they told us, there was a 
 great abundance. Summer is the seas' n for this pastime and venison steak in 
 July is a delicacy much prized. 
 
 ANECDOTE. 
 
 I was a good deal amused one day by a friendly dispute between two Demo- 
 crats on the labor question. How to get people to do the work is a problem 
 hourly debated. "Why," said one of them, '-while we white men are talking 
 about labor the negroes are doing it. Here now is Texas, with her three hun- 
 dred thousand bales of cotton every year, more than two-thirds of it made by the 
 darkey. Let us put our own shoulders to the wheel, and do justice to those wh. 
 with all their faults, are our best friends/' There was an Attic salt in the point 
 that gave it an epigrammatic flavor. 
 
 CHINAMEN. 
 
 There are several thousand Chinamen in Louisiana. Some of them are on 
 Oakes Ames' extensive plantation, near New Orleans. They are good hands, but 
 keen after their interest, and ready to demand an increase of wages on any pre- 
 text. In the counties of Smith, Tyler, Van Zant. Dallas, Collin, Tarrant, the 
 whites predominate, and there the work is done mainly by them ; but the reliable 
 field-hand is the negro everywhere. The one fact that more cotton has been pro- 
 duced since the war than ever before, and commands higher prices, concludes all 
 controversy as to the usefulness of the colored man. 
 
 MECHANICS WANTED. 
 
 The absence of skilled mechanics in the South is one of the bad results of 
 slavery. At McComb City, Mississippi, on the line of Colonel McComb's railroad, 
 all the workmen in the shops are Northerners. They are decent, intelligent men. 
 and must, by their industry and good habits, exercise a good influence on th 
 community. Every person with whom I talked acknowledged that until tli3 
 South entered upon a regular system of manufacturing, it cannot assume and hold 
 its just position. As Throckmorton said in his great speeches at Dallas and Fort 
 Worth, if Pennsylvania can do such marvels with her cold climate, long winters, 
 and comparatively sterile hill-sides, what may not the South do with her superior 
 capacities ? Throckmorton was an Old-line Whig, and don't forget the protection 
 
- of Clay and Webster. They have everything to make manufactures profit- 
 able. 
 
 UAILK"AI'S l\ TEX LS. 
 
 V' tiling is more interesting than the ^r..\vth of railroads. In 1830 there were 
 l.ur L>:; miles in op.-rati.rn in tin- l"nited States; in 1831, but 95; in 1840,2,818; in 
 1850. !.OlM ; in ISIJO, 30,635 j in 1870, :>:J,399. Ofth.se. Texas had in 1871 
 only 711 miles. Now when - a larger extent of 
 
 Territory than all N \\ Mil-land. N '^ rk. New .J.-r>.-y. Pennsylvania, Mary- 
 lainl. IM-iwar-'. and lvi.-t ami \V.-t Virginia c .mbined. and p ;v:mta-vs 
 
 ;l and cli:: in impert ml to, it is easy to realize how rapidly 
 
 inii-t he tli.- increase of its r.iilma 
 
 ti.- Railway now r.m>iMs .if \vhat was hfivtoforo known in 
 I - llailpiail, startinu' at Shrcvi-port, mi 
 
 . t'Xt<-ndi; . twrfii th :i_M and ii.'Jil paralK-ls ROrOflB tl.- Sta: 
 
 I arOBfl th- : UOO and Ari/.-ma. mi nr near 
 
 tin- linr .t'th.- .".'_' 1 1 j.arall. -1 t- I-'i-rt Vuini. 'ii the Colondo riv.-r. Cr..in^ tin- 
 
 river at that |-.int it enl B ilitiirnia, and goes by t lie nnt di-r.-t 
 
 and practical rMiitc to the ha: mi the I'acilic coast the rad 
 
 WO as the TranS-e 1 <'.>lii|.:n :.-d liy th.- State oi' 
 
 H ..I'takiiiL' '{> tlie old -rant.-* in c,.nn-ctimi with the .Memnhis 
 
 and El Paso, c..niniencin'_ r at T . v. hich i> n.-ar Fultmi mi the 
 
 n.-as line, and extend;: ; kana west, tln-.n-h the c.. unties of 
 
 . ('..llin. l>i-ntmi, and t" l'..rt \\'..rtli. 
 
 in the c. it. \\li.i-e it i: .:ih tlie main line, as above de- 
 
 L T ro lines are again rmm--t. d by a 1m- tV-.m Mar-hall, in Texas, 
 
 by V ; . 'I'he O .rkana will be 
 
 by the Cairo and Fultmi line, by way !' Litrle 1; ,,-k f.. M.-nij.hi-. Cairo, and St. 
 Lmiis. At Slir.-v. j..-rt the main line will cminert with the N'ick-biipj- and 
 ShreVi'jM.rt liin thus affording an outlet to th md b\ in- an- 
 
 of the \"ieksburg and Meridian n>ad, with all the lines running throiiirh Mi- 
 sij.j.i. Al rth Carol - .lina. Cleor-ia. \'ir-inia. Washington, 
 
 . Philadelphia, and -'Ppi 
 
 with the M wppi Central line to New Orleans, Cairo, St. L.uk Chiea-o, 
 I. lifTiDe, IndianajM.li.-,. Cincinnati, and all points east by tin: Xew York and 
 
 -; Kania 1 
 
 [F d understanding of this description see map.] 
 
 The oth. r >\>t- in oi present consists of the Texas Central, 
 
 coinnieiicini: at Hmi.-ton and extending north to Dallas, and thence to the Red 
 river, where it will form a connection with the Missouri. Kan.-as and Texas line 
 to St :d all tlie hu,^ tributary thereto. The Texas Central also 
 
 has a line connectini: Houston with Au>tin. tlie capital of the State. From 
 Flonston also starts the Houston and great Northern line, which is extended 
 north also by a line running to the Trinity and Sabine rivers; and these lines it 
 
26 
 
 is proposed to run from Houston up to the Red river, being the northern 
 boundary line of Texas. Intermediate is the International, and a road also com- 
 mencing at Texarkana and going southwest through the State to Austin and 
 thence to the borders of Mexico, is now projected. These lines are all under pro- 
 gress, and will be completed within the next few years. 
 
 From Galveston to Houston there is a line of road fifty miles in length, which 
 connects with these various systems and gives them an outlet to tide water at 
 Galveston harbor. From thence a Hue is being constructed to San Antonio. 
 Another line is also being constructed by the Morgan interest of New York, from 
 Indianola to San Antonio. 
 
 These various lines comprise the system of roads in Texas, as now being con- 
 structed. A line is also about to be commenced from Houston to New Orleans, 
 which will afford an outlet for the Texas Central, Houston, Great Northern, and 
 the International to the harbor and commerce of New Orleans. Another line is 
 projected and will certainly be built, from Shreveport to New Orleans, by way of 
 Baton Rouge, which will form a direct outlet for the Texas and Pacific line to 
 New Orleans. It will be observed that all the lines running from Galveston and 
 from the northern boundary to the Texas and Pacific line will gradually form 
 important connections with all of them for the interchange of traffic.. 
 
 GOOD-BY TO GALVESTON, 
 
 At Galveston we had a most cordial reception. The citizens, headed by the 
 Mayor, offered Colonel Scott a dinner, which he declined, but took a rapid survey 
 of the harbor, and aided them by many valuable suggestions. Galveston is one of 
 the points that must be reached by the Texas and Pacific Railway through its 
 numerous connecting lines, and when the obstacles to its commerce are removed, 
 as they will be, we hope, by the generous aid of Congress, it will become, what it 
 ought to be, the greatest of the ports on the Gulf of Mexico, largely aiding in the 
 development of Texas, especially in the matter of immigration. 
 
 From this you will see that Colonel Scott's Texas and Pacific will shortly have 
 connections with St. Louis, New Orleans. Yicksburg, Memphis, and Galveston. 
 In a few weeks workmen will be engaged along the line from Long View to Fort 
 Worth, and in a little more than a year the Texas and Pacific will be in connection 
 with all these cities. 
 
 MANUFACTURES IN TEXAS. 
 
 I have already referred to the necessity of manufactures in Texas, and to the 
 incalculable advantages offered to capitalists and mechanics. Especially in cotton 
 fabrics could large fortunes be made. One experienced citizen says that such 
 enterprises could afford to pay double prices to labor, and yet sell their goods 
 lower than those made in the North, and I heard one intelligent resident of 
 Marshall say, that with the assurance of responsible associates he would put 
 $20.000 into such a project at that interesting point. Marshall is not any more 
 
27 
 
 favorable as a location than many others I could name. The growth of cotton of 
 the county ( Harrison) is 20,000 bales a year, and its fine climate, good lauds, 
 and even health, will make it a must favorable locality for that and every kind of 
 
 manufactures. 
 
 THE INDIANS. 
 
 We got close to the seat of the Indian country, and heard many rumors of 
 thrir threats and atrocities. The ripe judgment of experienced Texans is all 
 i<t the humanitarian policy. They a- rt unhesitatingly that a fighter like 
 Sheridan or Custer, or a frontiersman like Ford, is a far better instrument than 
 any "f tin* Northern philanthropic. " One regiment of Texans taken from the 
 n near the Indians." says ('.-I. Turner, "I" Marshall, "is worth an army of 
 They know the habits and haunts of the tribes, and they could strike 
 thfiM so f:i>t and fatally, in the \. nt !' th-ir disturbing the peace, that they 
 wmild be compelled to yield." 1 heard some stories of the barbarities of the 
 ms on tlic people. .fTexa- that Ifereso f.-arful in all their nameless horror that 
 idder at th.- in. -I-.- allusion to th-ni \ litb >r sex is spared. Death 
 
 is the ijiiick doom of the men and worse than death that of the women. The 
 railroad, however , is the gre [t :. . - rh-Misand ohstael.-. 
 
 none feels it so soon or yields before it so sincerely as th The loco- 
 
 ve is SO much more rapid than the cavalry or infantry, tint they ivjvml it at 
 last as a messviiL'er that can nor defeated The (Government 
 
 4ied Col. Scott with ample protect ion f..r our cn/m.vrs and workmen. 
 Statesmen HUM f.-.-l th it th.- Texa- and Pacific Railway is of infinite conse- 
 quence as an economic measur It u U pa) !>nl in the mer, -f expense 
 to keep down ulions of m-.m-y. while it will open millions of acres 
 now swept by these wild men of the desert to millions of athletic whites. 
 
 MINERALS OF TEXAS. 
 
 God, in his generosity, seems to have given a share of all of his best gifts to 
 
 lie vestibule of rich M : ml the Texas and Pacific Railway may 
 
 he called the k.-y ; all that is now needed is a firm, bold American hand to open the 
 
 door to t: vsso long kept fr..m the world at large, and as yet 
 
 scarcely touched by ci\ i!i/at uly partially known to science. There are 
 
 no H i near the termini or in the neighborhood of any of the other trans- 
 
 nental r-'iit.-. JJut before we reach Mexico let us look at the minerals 
 
 of Texas itself, most of which an- in th. direct line of the Texas and Pacific 
 
 11 of Burm-t. Llan... Lamj.i-as. .Mason and McCulloch is of 
 
 four spe. ' M.-tie. vj.altic, specular, and hematic; much of it adapted 
 
 to steel. I have already spoken of the ore at Kelley's works, near Jefferson. 
 
 They claim t<> hav 1 a superior anthracite in several counties, and have 
 
 sent specimens to the i J. neral Land Office at Washington. The copper of Texas 
 
 nds on no hypothesis, but is a fact I *aw specimens of almost pure ore. 
 
28 
 
 Wichita, where my German friend goes with his colony of four hundred Saxons, 
 abounds in this metal. A recent writer says of this prolific region, not less re- 
 markable for its mineral than for its agricultural affluence : " All that is required 
 to make it one of the most valuable regions in the world is the completion of the 
 niuch-talked-of and anxiously-looked-for Southern Pacific Railroad." The lead 
 and silver of El Paso, Presidio, Banderah. and Llano counties are proved to 
 exist in large quantities. Gold has beer found in limited quantities in the same 
 region. There are a dozen salt works ; n the State. The average yield of the 
 works at Coffee's Saline, in Llano county, is five hundred bushels, to be easily 
 increased by intelligent labor to two thousand bushels. The salt lakes on the 
 coast, however, supply the greatest amount. 
 
 There is no gypsum field in the world surpassing in extent that of Texas. It 
 is found almost everywhere on the waters of Red river, extending into Staked 
 Plains, and through the cretaceous formations of the State. That of saccharoidal 
 character predominates, but thin, transparent plates of selenite in crystals are 
 common in various parts of the State. 
 
 Large deposits of potters' and fire clays, adapted to the manufacture of pottery, 
 in Eastern, Northern, and Southern Texas, marls and other fertilizers, mineral 
 oils and pigments j feldspar in the granite veins, associated with garnets and 
 tourmaline of various colors ; mica, in transparency and size of plates equal to 
 that of New Hampshire. Llano. Burnet. and Mason counties. Extensive quarries 
 of marble and roofing slate and grindstone in San Saba, Burnet, and Llano 
 counties ; soapstones and asbestos in Llano county, with a large class of Metallic 
 substances usually present in highly metalliferous regions such as alum, cobalt, 
 nickel, manganese, arsenic abound, the description of wnich would occupy more 
 space than can be spared in the present issue. They are generally found in com- 
 bination with each other or associated with other metals, which, though at 
 present of little economic value, will no doubt grow in consequence with the 
 increase of population in the State and progress of the useful arts, until eventu- 
 ally, under the mental effects of cheapened labor and enlarged means of transpor- 
 tation, they shall come to employ much capital in the work of their extraction, 
 and add largely to the material wealth of the country. 
 
 Through the energy and perseverance of Dr. Watson, Messrs. Barnet. Spiller, 
 and Hudspeth, of San Saba county, the existence of precious stones in Buruet, 
 Llano, and Mason counties, such as garnets unusually large in size and well 
 crystallized, opals, rubies, amethyst, and agates of beautiful colors and figures, is 
 known. Many of these, when subjected to the skill of the lapidary, will equal 
 those imported. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 I stop at G-alveston. The pleasant ride on the City of Norfolk, one of the 
 Charles Morgan steamers, across the Gulf to Brashear City, and hence by rail to 
 New Orleans, marked by the genteel civilities and friendly attentions of Captain 
 Hopkins and his assistants, and by the constant kindness of Mr. Hutchinson and 
 
29 
 
 Captain Fowler, sent from New Orleans to convey our party to Louisiana, and 
 t!i< almost royal welcome to the Crescent City these deserve a separate chapter, 
 :is tin y have a separate remembrance. u What 1 saw in Texas" is another affair. 
 Such as it is I give it to my readers. Written in the midst of all manner of 
 interruptions, and almost from memory, its many errors must be forgiven, because 
 I have tried to make it fair. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, July 15, 187 '1. 
 
>rial Correspondence of The Press.] 
 
 j-fUDSONVILLE, ^LlSSISSIPPI, 
 
 (ON THE CARS,) June 14, 1872. 
 
 . K we are on Fri-luy. June 1 Ith, twelve hundred and twenty-five miles 
 
 from Phil:nl-l|.|ii:i. :it BudaonriOe station, h.iving left our home on Wednesday, 
 
 the 1-th. P.M., iiiakini:. in a little over two days' traveling, about BIX 
 
 humln .1 miles a day. My experience has been a new revelation. Kentucky 
 
 and Tennessee present sonic strikin (lering in everything from 
 
 lVnn-\lvunia and Ohio, yet infinitely more resemblim: the first than the last in 
 
 tln-ir lino forests, luxuriant vegetation, and rolling country. From Pittsbin 
 
 Cincinnati, Kastern Ohio seemed sterile and barren even in the lovely month 
 
 1 we got to the Queen City, more resembled a Southern than 
 
 a great Northern State. The soil is good, but the cultivation comparatively 
 
 and the farm-houses and out-buildings presented a somewhat sudden 
 
 contract t th magnifi' -f well-tilled and care fully- farmed planta- 
 
 ti' us from the moment we 1 iiia until evening closed over the ex- 
 
 ima of the Juuiata, as we rolled into Lewistown and began to 
 
 ' our gradual ascent of the Alleghanies. As we crossed the bridge leading 
 
 from the Ohio to the I\- nt'i ky side, I remembered a remark of John C. 
 
 kin ridge when he came into Congress from the Lexington district, more 
 
 than twenty years ago a remark made to him shortly before by the hero of 
 
 nto, the lamented and patriotic General Sam Houston, of Texas, as 
 
 were riding along the Ohio on one of the palatial steamers from Louisville: 
 
 ' There on our right is Ohio; here on our left is Kentucky the same soil and 
 
 almost the same people; and yet mark the difference between the two the 
 
 thrift and industry of the one, the carelessness and laziness of the other; and 
 
 what is the reason ?" At that time the old man, impressed with the evils and 
 
 dangers of slavery, poured his counsel into the willing ears of the younger 
 
 statesman. This country, over which we have been flying at the rate of thirty 
 
 miles an hour, is a far better country in all the capabilities of climate and soil 
 
 than either Ohio or Pennsylvania. Its inexhaustible and varied productions, 
 
 its tobacco, its corn, its wheat these, enough to supply an Empire, are literally 
 
 31 
 
82 
 
 as nothing to the great cotton crops of the South, which here begin their de- 
 velopment, and which, within the last three years, have been equal to nine 
 hundred millions of dollars. As I write they are gathering in their wheat, the 
 corn is growing into tassel, and by the time we reach New Orleans, to-morrow 
 morning, we shall doubtless have roasting ears on our table. The majestic 
 forests are startling in their massive oaks and blossoming chestnuts, the sure 
 indications of a fruitful and vigorous soil, while in the fields white and colored 
 laborers of both sexes are busy attending the rapid growth of that staple which, 
 however grown elsewhere, has nowhere been produced in such splendid pro- 
 fusion as in this part of our country. Most of the towns through which we 
 have passed show signs of prosperity. Jackson, in Tennessee, beautiful in its 
 fine dwellings and handsome grounds, looks like a watering-place, and is evi- 
 dently the seat of cultivation and fashion ; while Bolivar, Grand Junction, 
 Humboldt, Henry, and Paris differ from most of the towns along our great 
 highways in the fact that they are rather the abodes of the wealthy than of the 
 laboring classes. It is easy to see as we study these signs of natural wealth 
 these promises of abundant profit to the landholder, these inexhaustive woods, 
 and these broad fields, this genial and generous climate why the Southern 
 people were such stubborn adversaries when they finally took up arms against the 
 Government. They have reason to be proud of their resources and their advan- 
 tages, and no Northern man can reflect upon them without seeing how irresistible 
 they must have been had they been blessed with the industry, energy, and, let me 
 say it, the intelligence of the adhering sections of the Union. The master race 
 born on this soil were accustomed to rule the producing classes they relied alone 
 upon. They ignored the laboring masses, and kept them as so many millions 
 of aliens in the midst of war. Had they been inspired by true statesmanship 
 they would have begun the war by an edict of emancipation, and so maintained 
 their splendid isolation. What this region needs is immigration, but this im- 
 migration never will come until those who control society decide upon the 
 policy which is making the solitudes of the "West populous, and building new 
 States on the Pacific slope. It needs schools and churches, a free press, and a 
 robust civilization. 
 
 Foreigners will never settle down where these advantages are not as liberal 
 as the encasing air. Thus will it be as long as those who work to make the 
 rich richer are denied the privileges of cheap and useful education. Let the 
 South open its doors to such schools as strengthen and elevate Massachusetts, 
 Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Let it substitute for whisky lager beer and cheap 
 wine, the latter of which it can grow inexhaustibly. Let it offer to men the 
 right to think and to speak as they please. Until these are done there can be 
 no such thing as a steady and increasing volume of immigration. 
 
 A gentleman of our party who sympathized with the rebellion, and who 
 knows the South " as the seaman knows the sea," after the war invested all his 
 fortune in Southern lands and railroads. Every dollar has produced two. He 
 looks forward to the period when he will reap tenfold what he put in. " But," 
 
33 
 
 he says, u my chief disappointment is in the fact that these people, who own vast 
 expanses of land, hold their estates too high. They have been' accustomed to 
 these great possessions for so long a period, and are such monopolists of the soil, 
 that they cannot see how they stand in their own light. They cannot realize 
 even as they cry for immigration that they do not encourage it, and that when 
 the emigrant conies whether it be from our own States or from Europe and 
 pays five dollars an acre, instead of two and a half,, he finds himself without 
 society and without assistance. The main question is soon presented to him 
 wlu-tluT he shall not leave for a region where he can find encouragement and 
 schools, and newspapers and friends, or whether he shall write to his neighbors 
 to join him. In most cases he chooses the first alternative. If the great land- 
 holders would offer their acres as clu-aply as the acres of the West can be ob- 
 tained or, indeed, if they would offer a large portion of their estates free to 
 industrious imini:_ rants who would come and settle down their property would 
 be uii-i'ik il.lv ,11 >preciated. As it is, hundreds of miles of arable land is left 
 lying fallow, simply for want of immigration to develop it. 
 
 To-morrow morning, Deo volcnte, we shall be in New Orleans, and the day 
 after in Texas. I hope to have opportunities to write before my return, and 
 show y 'ii that f\ ii in the midst of a great political excitement there are 
 some things worthy of more attention than party conflicts. 
 
 PN THE J^ARS, IN J^OUISIANA, 
 
 11 I 1 . M., .Inn, 14, 1872. 
 
 Colonel Thomas A. S-.>rt in his palace car, surrounded by his friends, is very 
 like nan at home. You see the railroad chief at his best. Although 
 
 we travel at the rate of thirty miles an hour, we live as comfortably and as 
 pleasantly as at the best hotel. Conversation is easy and unconstrained. We 
 see the country in all the luxuriance of its tropical vegetation from the en- 
 closed platform at the rear of the car. We talk to the people who crowd 
 around us when we stop, and gather much information. They tell us of the 
 promise of great crops of cotton, wheat, corn, sugar, oranges, and rice ; they 
 refer to th>ir increasing trade of all kinds; they discuss politics and ask ques- 
 tions without end; and they are all glad to see Colonel Scott, who is hailed 
 everywhere as among the deliverers of the Gulf States from the sloth that 
 M- hung over them. Texas is to all an object of interest. They 
 :he door to the exhaustless riches of Mexico, and they believe 
 Colonel Scott has the key to open it. They argue, and not unjustly, that if 
 he brings the same genius to his work in the State of the ' Lone Star " which 
 has revolutionized Pennsylvania, and made all the West tributary to her, he 
 will be something more than a benefactor to a region which has neglected so 
 many opportunities, and has lost by a cruel rebellion so many blessings. 
 
34 
 
 It is at the beginning of another great railroad triumph that we may dwell a 
 little upon some of the achievements of John Edgar Thomson, the chief of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad and its dependencies, and the career of his daring vice 
 president, Colonel Thomas A. Scott. 
 
 The Pennsylvania system of roads commences at Philadelphia with a line from 
 New York intersecting at Philadelphia, and a line from Baltimore and Wash- 
 ington intersecting at Harrisburg, thence diverging to Erie, forming connec- 
 tions at Erie with the system of lakes and lake shore roads, and all the various 
 connections throughout the entire Northwest. The main line of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad extends to Pitrsburo:. and connects at that point with all the 
 roads now under the control of the Pennsylvania Company, a corporation which 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company controls by the ownership of its stock. 
 This last company is now under the control of Colonel Thomas A. Scott as 
 president, who still retains his position as vice president of the parent company 
 at Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania Company now controls all the lines west 
 of Pittsburg in the Pennsylvania system. 
 
 It owns the road to Cincinnati via Columbus, then a line from Columbus to 
 Louisville, controls a line from St. Louis, and another from Columbus via 
 Logansport to Chicago ; also, the Pittsburg. Fort Wayne and Chicago, direct 
 to Chicago, the Cleveland and Pittsburg road, from Cleveland to Pittsburg, and 
 the Erie and Pittsburg road, to Erie. These various lines, with their branches 
 to Washington, Pennsylvania, the Muskinguin Valley road, and their branches 
 from the several main lines, now aggregate over thirty-two hundred miles of road , 
 all connected, and all equipped. These, when addei to the line controlled by 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company east of Pittsburg, embracing 1,384 miles, 
 make a grand aggregate of about 4,600 miles, all connected, equipped, and 
 managed under one interest, the Pennsylvania Railroad, of which John Edgar 
 Thomson is president, and were built from the time he took charge as chief 
 engineer in 1847, embracing a little over a quarter of a century in the service of 
 the company: and he accomplished, by his combination of roads, a result that has 
 never before been achieved by any man in railroad life. During all that period 
 he has paid his stockholders an average of over ten per cent, per annum. 
 
 Those of us who can recollect the bitter conflict that marked the inaugura- 
 tion of this grand iron network of important highways, will congratulate the 
 South that the genius which has wrought results of such magnitude is now 
 turned to the completion of a still grander series of continental connections. 
 
 We have been traveling for the last twenty-four hours over another line 
 lately purchased and now managed by another citizen, almost of Philadelphia 
 I mean Colonel Henry S. McComb, of Wilmington, Delaware. The close 
 friend of Colonel Scott, he seems to have taken him for his model ; and it is 
 not less pleasing to know that they are working in noble harmony to the object- 
 ive point of the development of the unparalleled resources of the South, not 
 alone in regard to her connections with Mexico by land, but with the European 
 nations by water. Of the Southern roads owned in large part by Colonel 
 
35 
 
 McComb, and under his direction, are the line from Jackson, Tenn., to Canton, 
 Miss., 229 miles; the line from Canton to New Orleans, 206 miles; from 
 Grenada to Memphis, 100 miles; all completed and in order. He has also 
 under contract a line from Memphis to Paducah, Ky., 163 miles, of which 60 
 are finished and operating, and he proposes to extend his line from Jackson, 
 Tenn., to Cairo, 111., 108 miles. Still other projects are on foot under the same 
 bold leadership. I dp not propose to define or classify these various connec- 
 tions. My object is to give the reader some general idea of vast results accom- 
 plished and of vast preparations for still grander results. The mind fairly reels 
 before figures and facts little short of magic. And yet as we grasp them, and 
 me familiar with them, we are disciplined for the still more extensive sys- 
 t'-m under which thousands of acres of alluvial soil in this section, which have 
 been growing richer under tin- ne-l-et of ages, will be populated by and made 
 ti> I" ir endless harvests for millions of men, while the untold and untouched 
 sico will be turned iut> tin- channels of trade as a new inspiration 
 for the elevation and improvement of the nations of the earth. 
 
 I perceive from the perfume of the jessamine and magnolia as it pours 
 the windows at which I write, that we are rapidly approaching New 
 Orleans, and I throw down my pen and rush for my carpet-bag. 
 
 PN THE MISSISSIPPI, 
 
 June 15, 1872. 
 
 Following the seasons is the habit of the valetudinarian. In Europe many 
 of the wealthy live in perpetual spring, changing from climate to climate, so as 
 to avoid the extremes of heat and cold. At this season of the year, when 
 summer may be said to reign over the continent, with the exceptional relief of 
 
 ira nii'l the White M-.untaius, a nut to Texas is the last thing that would 
 be recommended; and therefore when we left Philadelphia we anticipated 
 nothing but extreme heat in the Gulf States, and were not unprepared for the 
 malaria, but, si far, have enjoyed the most delightful breezes, exquisite weather 
 which prevailed in Philadelphia since the first of June following us to New 
 Orleans, and when we completed our sixteen hundred miles and rode through 
 perl' s of magnolias, palms, oleanders, and other tropical trees, we were 
 
 ;Jed by a wholesome shower, which laid the dust and cooled the atmosphere, 
 ur sleeping car rolled out of the depot at West Philadelphia last Wed- 
 nesday noon, the wheat was jast starting into head, the oats about a foot high, 
 and the corn in many places not more than six inches ; but as we approached 
 the South vegetation seemed to grow with every mile. As we crossed into 
 Kentucky the laborers were cultivating tobacco in the fields. In Tennessee and 
 
 ->i|>pi we began with the cotton plant, and as the train passed into 
 Louisiana we saw the firstlings of the sugar cane, which multiplied until the 
 vast expanses were covered with the growth; soon, interspersed with orange 
 
36 
 
 groves and trees hanging with bananas, ripe apricots, wild plums, and the 
 luscious fig, were the prevailing fruit. The corn that we left in Pennsylvania 
 a few inches high was here in silk and tassel, the wheat was being garnered, 
 and at the great restaurant of Moreau roasting-eass were served to epicurean 
 guests. Cantelopes of a rich flavor, unknown in Philadelphia, are seen at every 
 meal. 
 
 New Orleans is itself a tropical and almost an Oriental city, in many respects 
 recalling Paris especially in the French quarter by its open-windowed 
 restaurants, its foreign names and amusements, and its Babel of languages. 
 Colonel Scott drove us to the old Spanish Cathedral, near Jackson Square. We 
 walked in without interruption, and found the votive floral offerings of the 
 worshipers laid on the altars ; rich and poor, white and colored, kneeling before 
 them, and the whole place sacred with the peculiar incense and recollections of 
 a Church whose rites and traditions come down to us from the mists of antiquity 
 and numbers more members than any other Christian denomination. Whatever 
 may be said of the Romish Church, this at least is true, that its adherents 
 compel us to believe in their sincerity, while their increasing numbers attest the 
 tenacity of its existence and the popularity of its ministration. 
 
 Jackson Square is a gem of its kind its variety of evergreens and foliage 
 cut and trimmed into every fantastic French shape, including the box, arbor 
 vitae, magnolia, pomegranate, oleander, crape myrtle, banana, sago palm, the 
 fig, the orange and lemon, and many more specimens of tropical floriculture. In 
 the centre, mounted on a massive granite pedestal, stands an' equestrian bronze 
 statue of Old Hickory, by Clark Mills, with this brief inscription : " The Union 
 must and shall be preserved" speaking the fulfillment of his own glorious 
 prophecy, and a ponderous rebuke, from the grave itself, of the men who 
 attempted its contradiction. 
 
 Within a few blocks was a curious cemetery at least curious to our eyes a 
 cemetery with the vaults if I may use the phrase above ground, owing to the 
 porous character of the soil. It was an odd sight to see the cenotaphs, crypts, 
 mausoleums, and stone caskets, encasing so many of the honored dead of New 
 Orleans, towering high above the railing itself, and in some cases almost reaching 
 the level of the surrounding buildings. We walked through this city of sepulchres, 
 read the inscriptions many of them in French carved upon the tombs, and 
 startled at the lizards, which seemed to be in safe possession of the solitude. 
 
 Not less curious was the French market, with its customers of both colors in 
 bizarre dresses, all conversing volubly, and reviving the quaint pictures of the 
 old Gallic towns. 
 
 But what a wonderful place is the levee the magnificent quay stretching 
 along several miles on the river front, with castellated steamers at the wharves, 
 shouting stevedores loading them with cotton, iron, and sugar, and the broad 
 bosom of the yellow Mississippi covered with little craft of all kinds, filled with 
 passengers and wares, trading to and between the opposite shores and neigh- 
 boring towns, and this, too, at the dullest season of the year ! Trade opens in 
 
3T 
 
 autumn and continues through the winter, lasting to March and April. Then 
 
 Munificent levee presents a most boisterous scene. 
 
 The Messrs. Bigley carried our party along the shores in a steam-tug to the 
 
 battle-field of New Orleans and to the Jackson Barracks, where we found 
 
 General Sully, the son of the venerated Philadelphia artist, Thomas Sully, 
 
 . in command, from whom we received a hearty welcome. From our little 
 
 uer we realized why New Orleans is called the Crescent City. The wharf 
 
 extends in a complete semi-circle, ami presents a unique sight. From the tug-boat 
 
 Nellie we boarded the gigantic steamer James Howard, Capt. V. R. Pegram, 
 
 : o we are now handsomely quartered in her splendid state-rooms, and rapidly 
 
 mouth of Red river. There we take another 
 
 boar. . 3, which is to carry us up Red river over five hundred miles to 
 
 the initial point of the Texas and Pacific Railroad, where President Scott and 
 >i!le M. Dod, ngineer, will commence a careful survey 
 
 ie route. 
 
 But let me take you \> v starting point, and first for a brief sketch of 
 
 ress of steam i u on the Father of Waters. It is 
 
 refreshing to note that in the history of steam navigation the glory of success- 
 fully introducing the steamboat is everywhere awarded to Robert Fulton, of 
 Lancaster county, Pen r the judgment of the first London 
 
 Exposition of 1851 is printed here in the written record of the progress of 
 ni'-dern commerce on the n<> r in the world. Let me recall the words 
 
 of this judgment to my Pennsylvania readers, and let me add the hope that the 
 of Lancaster county in i'hiladelphia will take early steps to erect 
 such a monument < in our surpassing Fuirmount Park as will be one of 
 
 the finest ornaments of the Centennial commemoration, and, at the same time, 
 an enduring evidence of the gratitude of his Lancaster-county posterity: 
 
 There were mm in various countries who claimed the honor of having 
 
 - to be pi tu, but it is to the undaunted perseve- 
 
 rance and exertions of the A Fulton that is due the everlasting honor of 
 
 lufving produced this revolution, both in naval architecture and navigation. 
 
 at the same time, let me recall his almost inspired prophecy as he rode 
 in a stage over the Alle_rh:my Mountains in 1811 : " The day will come, gentle- 
 men," he said " I may not live to see it, though some of you who are younger 
 will probably when carriages will be drawn over these mountains by steam 
 en-ines, at a rate more rapid than that of a stage on the smoothest turnpike." 
 \v the twinkle of Colonel Scott's bright eye when I read him this passage, 
 especially after he had just been telling me that even the heaviest trains had 
 been whirled along these majestic heights at the rate of thirty miles an hour. 
 
 amboat navigation on the Western waters commenced in March, 1817. 
 The steamer " Washington," built at Wheeling, Va., 400 tons, ran from Louis- 
 ville to New Orleans and back in 45 days. Now the round trip is made in 
 fourteen. I have not time in this hasty letter to refer to the achievements of 
 Robert L. Stevens, Captain John, Ericsson, Daniel Drew, E. K. Collins, Van- 
 derbilt, Roberts, Webb, Garrison, Stockton, and others on our Eastern waters. 
 
38 
 
 I am writing to you now of our Western rivers. The great field for building 
 up a line of steamboats has always been along these waters, and though it is 
 predicted that the time is coming when passengers will be almost exclusively 
 carried by rail, water must ever be the cheapest means of transporting freight, 
 Pittsburg and Cincinnati have been the chief manufacturing cities of the 
 Western Steamboats, including their magnificent engines, while Madison, 
 Jefferson City, and New Albany, Indiana, have also become famous therefor. 
 The builder after whom this splendid palace is named, James Howard, has 
 turned out from his slip at Madison, Indiana, 400 steamboats. The Howard is 
 believed to possess greater capacities than any steamer on this continent. Her 
 hull is 330 feet, breadth of beam 55 feet, depth of hold 10 feet, extreme width 
 06 feet, carrying capacity 3,400 tons, although 4,000 tons may easily be freighted 
 on her. Her machinery consists of two main engines with 34-feet cylinders, 
 10-feet stroke of piston; water-wheels 39 feet diameter; six boilers 30 feet long 
 and 46 inches diameter. The state-rooms are superb, containing large bedsteads, 
 wardrobes, and washstands, with every convenience of bed-chambers at home, 
 The dining-room is a gorgeous saloon, and is upholstered and decorated in a 
 style equal to that of poor Fisk's gaudy Sound boats. Captain Pegram, the 
 master of this palace, fought in the Confederate war, and it is pleasant to hear 
 him relate, especially as I did this morning at his breakfast table, his fierce con- 
 tests with John M. Buffinger, president of the New Orleans Packet Company 
 who had as bravely served on the other side, and their many hair-breadth 'scapes 
 from the Union and Confederate fleets and armies. Intermingled with his 
 anecdotes were the experiences of Colonel Scott, who came down here as.Assist- 
 ant Secretary of War, and General Dodge, who fought all through the Gulf 
 States as one of the ablest of Sherman's captains Our breakfast will pass into 
 a sort of history, which to me will remain unforgotten. 
 
 And it is due to Captain Pegram to say that his breakfast would have excited 
 the envy of your Philadelphia Augustin or New York Delmonico. Besides all 
 the Northern delicacies, we had the fresh fish of these waters, with novel names 
 to me ; sheepshead broiled, soft-shell crabs, ripe cantelopes, snowy rice, fried 
 plantain, aromatic coffee, and fragrant claret to crown the whole. If he gives 
 such breakfasts to all his guests he ought to be elected President of the Caterers. 
 
 Now let me take you back to the scene along the Mississippi. We left New 
 Orleans about six o'clock in the evening, and from the hurricane deck surveyed 
 the picture on both shores first in the lovely twilight and by the light of a 
 surpassing sunset, and then as the moon took up " the wondrous tale " in her 
 cool and lucid beams. Here were the seats of the aristocracy of the past. 
 Here were their great sugar estates and orange groves ; here the huts of their 
 former slaves ; here the source and centre of that endless harvest which made 
 them proud and powerful. They complain still, although the soil is generous 
 more generous than any other part of God's footstool. Thousands of acres 
 are planted with sugar-oane, with the promise of great riches, at this time 
 
 89 longer esclusiveiv $eir own, ::ong tfrc posterity f $ 
 
39 
 
 who had worked for them for centuries without compensation. Every few 
 hundred yards we came upon one of these estates in the centre a stately man- 
 sion flanked by smaller tenements and magnolia and orange trees, while above 
 towered aged oaks and cotton wood, . d by clusters of shining foliage 
 
 and every conceivable variety of tropical flowers The circuitous course of the 
 pi is not the lensr wonders. After having traversed many 
 
 miles we looked back and seemed to return to New Orleans and were almost 
 directly id trace by the black smoke of the departing craft. 
 
 ' Rouge we landed a number of colored deleLMtcs to the Republican 
 
 which assembles on the l!)th inst. A little incident occurred 
 
 thin \iter 1 had just ari- r and early view of the 
 
 -ippi. a colored man passed the door of my stateroom. 
 
 I asked him ' (uietly replied: "Your 
 
 'iral, but 1 ;u7i not conn. TI ! with the boat; lama delegate to 
 
 republican State (Convention, but I will gladly do your errand." I made 
 
 a prompt apology, and then introduced my^ It. upon which, with many expres- 
 
 - of kiiidn ft me and Boon with the ice wat>r and a number 
 
 of hi i IB, 1 1. TO I had another evidence of the aptitude and good sense 
 
 r the past, not the less agreeable be- 
 
 > two of them kn iladclphia and one of them had just come on 
 
 vention, and we talked over the present, and if I had 
 rs of the success of the Republican party in Louisiana they pa 
 away before the clear and candid explanations of these men. " Why, sir," said 
 one of them, "alth re a few colored people in New Orleans that may 
 
 w bad adviser- one in th who will not vote for Grant, 
 
 and Wilson. In every house owned or rented or occupied by a colored man 
 you will find three likenesses Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Oscar 
 deceased Lieutenur, nor of the State. If the whole Demo- 
 
 cratic party and all the men with Governor Warmouth go together and rally 
 their forces we can still u-ive from fifteen to twenty thousand majority for Grant." 
 I this, after a careful survey of the field, is my own opinion. The truth is, 
 presence of the National Government is felt in its unrivaled currency, in 
 its post-office facilities, in its management of commerce, navigation, and manu- 
 md in the protection of travel, and these, supplemented by the recent 
 enforcement act, operate upon every class upon the laborer and the freedman, 
 and upon the capitalist even upon those who would like to vote for Greeley if 
 they did not dread a change. Nowhere are these things so frequently seen and 
 so constantly experienced as in the Gull' > 
 
 And now we have reached the mouth of Red river, and have taken farewell 
 of Captain Pegram and his hospitalities. Camped in a lovely grove of cotton- 
 wood, oak, willow, and maple, we await the arrival of our other steamer, Lotus 
 i, and watch the setting sun, with a dim apprehension that we are to meet, 
 a friendly colony of mosquitoes, who are said to be populous in this quarter. T 
 1 could sing with Hamlet " Then as strangers give them wel< 
 
40 
 
 STEAMER LOTUS No. 3, 
 
 June IS, 1872. 
 
 A Red River steamboat is a peculiar institution ; and " Lotus No. 3," the 
 name of the vessel which is our present habitation, is a fair specimen of South- 
 ern habits and manners. It differs from the colossal James Howard, described 
 in my last, as a cottage differs from the Continental Hotel. The one is a gay 
 palace, and the other a domestic home: and I do simple justice when I say 
 that " Lotus No. 3 " surpasses its more gigantic rival, especially in its quiet 
 discipline and the variety of its cuisine Its three daily meals would do credit 
 to the most pretentious Eastern steamer. Those who come here expecting a 
 rude and boisterous crowd are surprised by the refinement and delicacy of the 
 ladies, the frankness and courtesy of the gentlemen, and the unusual order 
 throughout. "We have the New Orleans Base-ball Club on board, en route for 
 Shreveport, Caddo county, which is the last Louisiana town on this long and 
 crooked river. 
 
 A better-behaved and more exemplary set of youngsters I never saw. When 
 the boat stops to wood, which operation consumes about half an hour, the boys 
 run out on the banks and exercise themselves preparatory to the struggle which 
 is to take place between them and the Shreveport clubs. Now and then there 
 is a rush to the guards and decks to see the alligators, which frequently crawl 
 out on the beach, .and although they are plain targets for the marksmen, and 
 shots are frequently fired at them, they invariably escape. 
 
 " What is the meaning," you will ask, " of ' Lotus No. 3 ?' " I put this 
 question to one of the officers and he replied, il You see our Captain Daniels 
 has had three of these boats of the same name. Two of them are on what may 
 be called the retired list one laid up for repairs, and the other running on a 
 different service and this is Lotus No. 3. There is the Era No. 13, owned 
 by Gr. L. Koons & Co., all of its predecessors having shared the fate of Lotus 
 Nos. 1 and 2." I write this in the cabin. The weather is about the tempera- 
 ture of a Philadelphia July day, and yet the breeze made by the boat renders 
 it tolerable. At one end of the saloon is a piano surrounded by ladies, who are 
 playing and singing; at the other is a likeness of " massa " Robert E. Lee, the 
 office on his right and the bar on his left. Tables are scattered in the space 
 between, upon one of which gentlemen are writing, and Colonel Scott and some 
 friends playing euchre at another. 
 
 We are now more than two thousand miles from Philadelphia, and expect to 
 reach Shreveport day after to-morrow. The boat moves rapidly and easily, 
 without the slighest jar. She is a four-hundred tonner, with accommodations 
 for fifty passengers ; but on this trip she is overcrowded, there being about 
 eighty passengers on board, which makes it necessary to convert the saloon at 
 night into a dormitory one layer of men occupying the floor, and a tier 
 of cots placed a few feet above them. The passage from New Orleans is 
 twenty dollars, and the distance to Jefferson, where the boat stops, is 896 
 
41 
 
 miles. The navigable extent of the river is about twelve hundred miles. The 
 Lotus moves about seven miles an hour a slow progress to those of us who 
 make quick use of our time at our own homes, and who often turn the night 
 into day in the rush of business. 
 
 Considering the season we have had very remarkable weather, and strange to 
 say, as yet, no mosquitoes. 
 
 What impresses me, among other things in this novel region, are the kindly 
 relations between whites and blacks. I have not heard a syllable of secession- 
 ism. All the people are glad to see Northern men ; all are anxious for 
 immigration and capital, and really they present tempting inducements. Some 
 of the finest sugar, cotton, and corn plantations are offered as low as five dollars 
 an acre ; and when we consider that this is a region literally without winter, 
 and that the soil is the most productive on the earth and the general health as 
 good as elsewhere, we should be surprised that so many hundreds of thousands 
 of acres have lain dormant for centuries, if we did not remember the prejudices 
 of slavery and the habits still existing which have grown out of that institution. 
 Every intelligent man I converse with admits that these prejudices will require 
 ;ist a generation to cure, but they point with pride to the improvement of 
 the negro since emancipation and the ballot, and quietly extract from this t-i.-t 
 the ultimate population of their now deserted plantations and their own certain 
 future redemption. So much for the negro ! 
 
 An intelligent Democratic lawyer of Shreveport told me this morning that he 
 could see the negro improving with every day. He was not only a better 
 family man but a better citizen and a better workman, and far more ambitious 
 in all the walks of life. 
 
 li- T thing strikes the stranger: the readiness with which these people 
 undertake long journeys of four or five hundred to one thousand miles. \\ ' 
 consider it something of a trial to go to Pittsburg, 355 miles from Philadelphia, 
 and as many preparations are frequently made to visit New York as for a voyage 
 to Europe ; but here a lady takes her family and a few changes of clothing 
 and goes up to St. Lmis or Louisville, a distance of 1,200 or 1,500 miles from 
 New Orleans, or to Shreveport, Louisiana, or Jefferson, Texas, a distance of 7 00 
 or 900 miles, as pleasantly as if she were visiting her friends in the country. 
 
 Another feature is the absence of what may be called the middle class. Here 
 the traveling public is mostly composed of the so-called gentry the old slave- 
 holders. With us in the North everybody is on the rail, rich or poor ; here the 
 poor whites, like the poor blacks, are compelled to work for their living on the 
 plantations and to stay at home. 
 
 Wonderful, most wonderful is the foliage along the banks of Red river 
 wild, luxuriant, and dense ! A farm-house or log-cabin is rarely seen. The 
 tortuous current, the crumbling banks, a soil fertile, and without a single 
 boulder or rock for a thousand miles, are objects of interest to geologists. Now 
 the river spreads out its red waters as broad as the Delaware at its widest, and 
 now again it is condensed into such narrow limits that a boat can hardly push 
 I 
 
42 
 
 its wa^ through. G-reat tall cotton-wood, oak, and willow trees shoot up on 
 eithei side, and the finest cattle are seen grazing in the shade. 
 
 The scenes that take place when the boat stops to receive her fire-wood are 
 full of interest, Negroes dart out from the lowe hold stripped to the waist; 
 each shoulders three or four sticks, while the passengers amuse themselves by 
 firing at marks or walking along the mossy banks. This fuel sells at $2.50 a 
 cord, and is one of the chief expenses of f he boat. 
 
 The first one hundred and fifty miles of Red river are almost entirely devoid 
 of interest. The banks are rugged and the course of the stream changes almost 
 every year. It is not an uncommon thing to see great groups of trees which 
 have sunk into the water, and the low, marshy grounds seem to extend back a 
 long distance. The gunpowder willow grows most luxuriantly, and the Ameri- 
 can trumpet flower, with its scarlet blossoms and graceful foliage, twines around 
 the thick undergrowth. Very seldom are the magnolia and palm seen in this 
 locality, although the crape myrtle appears in nearly every little garden attached 
 to the humblest negro hut. 
 
 Alexandria, Louisiana, 350 miles from New Orleans, and half way to 
 Shreveport, is situated on a high and commanding bluff, and was a thriving 
 city before the war. The Military State University was here located, and 
 General W. T. Sherman was the superintendent up to 1861. Alexandria was a 
 central depot for corn, cotton, and sugar, whence it was shipped to New Orleans 
 and other points, and had large warehouses and comfortable dwelling-houses. 
 The institute building was accidently destroyed by fire some two years since, 
 and the students are now educated at Baton Rouge. 
 
 When the war broke out early in 1861, General Sherman, knowing full well 
 that the Southern people intended to fight, wrote a strong letter to his brother, 
 Senator John Sherman, at Washington, in which he avowed his determination, 
 with many expressions of kindness for the people among whom he lived, to 
 stand by the old flag, and offered his services to the Government. Senator 
 Sherman showed me this letter, which I had the honor to take to Mr. Lincoln, 
 and soon after General Sherman was called to that field which he has since made 
 so resplendent by his genius and his patriotism. 
 
 The farther we progress into this interesting country the more we realize the 
 fatal influence of the political heresies taught by Mr. Calhoun and adopted by 
 the Democratic leaders of other days. Hostility to internal improvements, 
 originating in the South and finally incorporated into the Democratic platforms, 
 has wrought incalculable disaster, especially to the Gulf States. Had one man 
 like Stephen A. Douglas taken the responsibility and insisted that the General 
 Government should encourage national development by railroads, by liberal 
 appropriations to rivers and harbors, and by all the other means essential to the 
 attraction of foreign emigration to these neglected solitudes, unquestionably this, 
 the most delightful and fruitful of any portion of the Union, would now be 
 occupied by an industrious and enterprising people. Judge Douglas, it will be 
 recollected, literally exhausted himself to secure appropriations of public lands 
 
43 
 
 :> 
 
 for the Illinois Central Railroad a work which, while enriching all concerned 
 in it, left him poor indeed, and almost forgotten by the State of which he was 
 the chief benefactor. 
 
 It is due to Jefferson D:i iy that he did his best to carry forward the 
 
 t work now in the hands of Tolonel Scott, a Pacific road over the 32d 
 parallel. Hut it is not less true that after he laid tho foundation of what would 
 undoubtedly have been the redemption of thin people, ho led them into 
 the war which brought ruin to them and compelled the construction of the 
 middle or central route, known as the I'lii-.u Pacific Railroad. 
 
 > note, as we approach the Texan frontier, 'now much the 
 people have suffered in consequence of the ideas of Calhoun 
 M.-hool. ! i eommu' Minded by the richest of God's 
 
 \veen seven and nine hundred miles distant IV < )rlca ns, with- 
 
 out I <'tn with their commercial capital and with other 
 
 Southern States and cities, and with the great Kastern markets ; and yet such 
 :id have been bl than the Pennsylvania (Central 
 
 twenty years ago. The country between Shreveport and X w < )rleans is a! 
 a de iron highway could be constructed at about half the 
 
 cost of md yet not a spade has been struck, 
 
 several charters have been gra: who!,. ,,}' Northern T 
 
 in ia dependent upon the Ked lliver and t 1 
 
 1 ' n-imiii)'j; four days and 
 
 a half, when, by utili/.in_c their resources, and by combining their enemies, they 
 
 Inn twenty-four ho?, 
 
 ii >rrow evening, which n> 1 to be the 
 
 -.1 work, the Texas ami Pacific Railroad, 
 
 although, unl rms of the act ..f M ar-ha!!, Harrison county, 
 
 is tho initial point 
 
 (uently asked how Cnl.mel Seott is to reach New Orleans, 
 
 Viek'l.urg, Cairo, is, etc. in other words, how is he to perfect his 
 
 onnections? Congress and the Legislature of Texas have answered 
 i.y d. mating an immense body of public lands to the New Orleans, 
 Baton Rouge and Vicksburg Railroad, extending from Shreveport to the latter 
 ns a part of the _T- at Texas and Pacific Railroad. Of this improvement 
 Senator Pomeroy, of Kansas, IB president, and George W. Cochran, of New 
 Orleans, vice president. 1. >rrths of the five years allotted for its com- 
 
 pK-tiou have el ipsed, and nothing has been done, although Caddo, of which 
 veport is the county seat, has voted half a million to this work, and will be 
 ready to pay it the moment the work is fairly commenced. It is of vital im- 
 portance that the persons who have seized this franchise should be compelled 
 by some process to begin it at the earliest moment. 
 
CLIMATE AND WONDERFUL RESOURCES OP THE STATE 280,000 MILES OF ARABLE 
 LAND HOMES AND WEALTH FOR MILLIONS DESCRIPTION OF SHREYEPORT, LA. 
 THE " TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY " THE COUNTRY IT TRAVERSES 
 HEAYY TRAFFIC ASSURED A MOST PROFITABLE ENTERPRISE COLONEL THOMAS 
 A. SCOTT UNLOCKING THE TREASURES OF AN EMPIRE. 
 
 SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA, 
 
 June 19, 1872. 
 
 Twenty-three hundred miles from Philadelphia since this day week, dis- 
 counted by half a day in New Orleans and seven hours at the mouth of Red 
 river, and yet we are just at the beginning of our journey over the line of the 
 Texas and Pacific Railroad, and just on the borders of the " Lone Star." We 
 boast of our great Middle States; but what are they to the vast expanses of 
 Louisiana and Texas ? What are they to such inland seas as the Mississippi 
 and the Missouri ? Secretary Boutwell stated in one of his speeches in 1868, 
 that the whole forty millions of the population of the United States could be 
 thrown into Texas, and that Texas would then be no more crowded than Massa- 
 chusetts is to-day ! It has a territory of 280,000 miles of arable land, with 
 many millions of acres in the valley of the Rio Grande, pronounced by travelers 
 the Italy of America ; and a recent writer adds that it is capable of supporting 
 a population of one hundred millions without the least inconvenience a strik- 
 ing argument in favor of emigration to Texas. I copy the following from that 
 capital work, " The Texas Almanac for 1871," published by Richardson & Co., 
 at Gralveston, Texas : 
 
 Most of our readers will probably remember Father Nugent' s visit to Texas 
 almost a year ago. Texans have been placed under obligations to him for the very 
 favorable opinion he has given of the State, both in his speeches and letters on 
 various occasions. On his return to England the following short paragraph ap- 
 peared in the Catholic Times of Liverpool : 
 
 44 
 
45 
 
 " MANCHESTER, July 27, 1871. 
 "I read Father Nugent's letter in your paper of last Saturday, showing what a 
 
 poor man with three lads mi^ht do in Texas. Like Martin Browne, I have a young 
 
 .iy, but not seventy pounds. The fact is, all I can muster in the world is about 
 
 pounds. My mind is made up to emigrate, but where to go is the question. 
 
 e people tell me the Western States offer the best market for a poor man's 
 
 i, and that Nebraska is a place. Father Nugent ought to know what 
 
 he is writing al>out, and I am inclined on his word to try Texas. Just get him to 
 
 tell us .something more about flu- climate, soil, and special advantages of Texas 
 
 over the other parts of the St.i 
 
 For answer to the above Father Nugent sent the following to the 
 August 12, 1871. We publish it because it contains what emigrants most 
 re to know, in 1 i- from a perfectly disinterested sour. 
 
 "That Texas offers a homestead and tin- m.-aiis ..f acquiring wealth to the poor 
 man \N ith ::uty and less lab...- il-an other portions of the States cannot 
 
 tiled into question by any one i 06i and advant a 
 
 It i< pie eminently the country for the poor m;in who seeks for a home and a living 
 for his family ; I'M- n > matter how poor a man may be, if he has health and will only 
 go to work, he tow years have proj>orty and stock and enjoy every adv.m 
 
 tnge .. If he fails in this, (he fault will lie at his own d<nr.' The 
 
 climate is temperate and salubrious ; the >oi! i> nut only fertile to a degree unknown 
 toth fd to the pro- of crops. Some of the 
 
 ern States may bo t , ield as much per acre, if the 
 
 !ie:ml of none with a climate and 
 
 soil adapted to SO large a .ntribnt BO largely to wealth and 
 
 n and mill. :. corn, ;md all 
 
 kinds of n 'i iu abun<i ' qually adapted to cotton, giving a bale 
 
 Of 500 poimils to the acre. These OOttoii lauds, which are not to b. -d in 
 
 the world, are capable of yielding all kinds nd \egetables. . Many of the 
 
 timge, an ,:ulanee during the 
 
 sum: iis, but Texan has the advantage of Affording perennial , 
 
 with' ; the farmer with the heavy labor \ pieparin^ food in 
 
 the summer for his cattle and si 'lien dealing it <>nt to them ; 
 
 The right of pusturugo in tho We> hi- to be paid for. while ir 
 
 is free to all. 1 >t surprise OUT Manchester friend to hear ihat, during our 
 
 noent tour in Texas, ire >i\, no\\ possessing imm 
 
 prop' "is, who, not many y< arrived in that 
 
 State without .as their only capital, and in the Lone 
 
 Star B Here is one of a hundred examples 
 
 Of a poor man becoming rich v I'ucnty-tive years a LJO an Irishman 
 
 enga iser. There was no money to be given, but he was to be 
 
 led and found ineveryt; in the place of wa^- to receive 
 
 COW and a Ca'. F worth XlOO,000 in cash, and sends- to 
 
 market each \--ar from ,r\ thousand head of cattle. Many a pour 
 
 sailor, tired of the i>oriN of the dee n refuge in Ti-xas, and by energy and 
 
 perseverance has climbed to the t -und of the ladder. Here is one, who 
 
 was form- -i before the mast, who h :t s n..w >i\ steamers on the Rio Grande, 
 
 '<) head of cat; head of horse stock, 12,000 sheep, and ir,o, 000 acres 
 
 of land, and last year invested $20,000 in the Jackson and New Orleans Railroad. 
 
 u:e Greeley paid Texas a visit the last week in May of this year, and christened 
 it the *Land of Promise.' After . 5 the richness of the soil and the easy 
 
 - upon which it may be < ot the mineral wealth of 
 
 ps undi>turbed and useless. She h;is 'iron enough to divide the earth by 
 railroads into squares ten miles across, but no ton of it was ever smelted. She has 
 at least five thousand square miles of coal (probably much more), but no ton of it 
 was ever dug for sale. She has gypsum enough to plaster the continent annually 
 for a century, but it lies quiet and 3 -a waste of earth-covered stone. She 
 
 has more land good for wheat than Minnesota, yet imports nearly all her Hour. She 
 has millions of acres of excellent timber. \et builds mainly of pine from Louisiana 
 and Florida. She sends to Ohio for her hams and to New York for her butter, and 
 
46 
 
 would import berries and fruit if her people had not learned, while they were unat- 
 tainable, to do without them. If ten thousand Northern farmers would settle just 
 below Houston and devote themselves to supplying that city and Galveston with 
 fresh milk, butter, strawberries, raspberries, peaches, grapes, etc., they might 
 charge double the prices and get rich faster than so many cultivators ever did before. 
 They would have to make their own ice, but that ts not difficult ; they might have 
 to teach the Texas Central Railroad Company how to run a milk-train fifty miles, 
 but that need not exhaust their energies. The pasture-land, fenced, might cost 
 them ten dollars an acre just around a railroad depot and a junction ; their cows 
 might be picked at $15 per head, and tN-y would soon sell hay enough at 200 pel- 
 cent, profit to defray the cost of feeding and housing their stock.' " 
 
 The approach to the city of Shreveport is inconceivably beautiful, presenting 
 an entirely different physical aspect from the lowlands along which we have 
 been coursing for the last three days. The corn has reached its largest height, 
 and we can almost see the cotton grow. Everything looks like peace and pros- 
 perity, promising immense harvests in the fall and a rapid recovery from the 
 debt and desolation incident to the overthrow of the rebellion, the failure of 
 past crops, and the general dislocation of society and of business. A thrifty 
 population of about 12.000 compose its inhabitants. It is plainly but neatly 
 built, and has a jaunty air of progress about it that is full of promise. By the 
 action of the last Congress this town has become a port of entry, and the prac- 
 tical terminus on Red river of the Texas and Pacific Railroad. The citizens, I 
 trust, will bear in mind that they are indebted for these great boons to a Re- 
 publican Senator (Kellogg) and to a Republican Congress. The town was 
 established about the year 1836 by seven enterprising gentlemen, all of whom 
 have passed 1 away except one, the venerable Mr. Williamson. It has grown 
 steadily. The shipments of produce, cotton, wool, hides, cattle, etc., etc., are 
 very great. But it strikes a Northern man with surprise to see no factory 
 smoke. Where are the great hives of skilled labor, without which towns can- 
 not long survive under the light and necessities of modern civilization ? I have 
 heard of but one a cotton-seed oil factory. What a fine field for Northern 
 capital and enterprise ! Cotton factories, wool factories, tanneries, and shoe 
 and boot factories, would pay handsomely at this point. The town has many 
 churches and schools. The people are quiet and industrious; and, strange to 
 say in these Dolly Varden days, out of the whole population there is not a single 
 fashionable family. The health of the place is excellent. I predict for it a 
 glorious future. 
 
 At this gateway of the grandest material enterprise of this or any age, let 
 me give the general reader an idea of the work undertaken by Colonel Thomas 
 A. Scott and his associates. " The Texas and Pacific Railway Company" finds 
 finished to its hands 66 miles of railroad, from Shreveport, on Red river, to 
 Longview, Upshur county, Texas, which is doing a good freight and passenger 
 business. This is the line heretofore known as the Southern Pacific, and extends 
 from Marshall, Texas, through a magnificent region, to El Paso del Norte, near 
 the boundary between the United States and Mexico, thence to the junction of 
 the Gila and Colorado rivers of the west at Fort Yuma, and thence to the mag- 
 nificent harbor of San Diego, on the Pacific coast, which is land-locked, and 
 
47 
 
 large enough for one thousand vessels to ride with ease on its bosom. There 
 is Another branch, formerly the Trans-continental, which begins at Texarkana, 
 in the county of Lafayette, Texas, ten miles west of Fulton, Arkansas, and ex- 
 tends through a most fertile region of country to Fort Worth, in the county of 
 Tarrant, Texas, where it joins the main line, above described, and the two to- 
 T pursue the route to the Pacific on the 32d parallel. To Fort Worth, after 
 visit ing the towns of Marshall and Jefferson, Colonel Scott and his party will pro- 
 ceed to-morrow, when we will stage it one hundred and seventy-five miles across 
 -..untry. reaching the railroad at Dallas, whence we proceed through Houston 
 ami other places to Galveston. There we board the M iiuer for New 
 
 Orleans, and so home, which, with the good fortune that has so far attended us, 
 w. hope to reach by the loth >r 15th of July, or a little over a month since we 
 l.-tt This is a long route; when completed we shall have traveled nearly 
 1 miles by rail, steamboat, stage, and ocean steamer. Colonel Scott and 
 his chief engineer have been continually occupied during our trip consulting 
 maps, laying out routes, providing for materials, workmen, etc., so that, when 
 h. reaches Marshall, the threshold of his work, he will give his orders clearly. 
 T..1 .u. -1 Henry G. Stebbins, vice president of the company, is now in Loudmi, 
 negotiating the first loan, which, under the prestige attending this ^raud 
 scheme will be easily secured. 
 
 By uniting the two lines referred to, ch artm-d by the State of Texas and by 
 Congressional enaetuiei, 1 under the title of "The Texan ami l'a< 
 
 Col. Scott secures all the lands and bonds voted to the said Texas roads by tiu> 
 State of Texas, equal in value to over eighteen millions of dollars. Ti, 
 exclusive of the sub-. < 'ongress of public lands in the Territoi 
 
 between El Paso, in Texas, ami S.n I'iego, in California. 
 
 The distance from the eastern boundary of Texas to San IH.Mjo is about 
 1,600 miles, or, inelu-lm-j; ilu- Trans-continental Road and its branches from 
 Texarkana to Marshall, about 1,900 miles. There are no ing diffi- 
 
 culities of any kind to be met with ; th- : is no practical difficulty in regard to 
 tut 1 or water, and the country generally presents more facilities for the con- 
 struction of a railroad than can be found on a line of equal length on the 
 Western Continent. Comparing the different estimates of cost of this line, and 
 comparing all the estimates with the estimated cost of all the other roads in the 
 United States, there can be no doubt that this road can be constructed in a first- 
 class manner and thoroughly equipped for business at a cost, as before stated, 
 not exceeding $40,000 of bonded debt per mile. To aid in the construction of 
 this road, the United States has made a grant of its lands in the Territories of 
 New Mexico and Arizona and the State of California, in all net less than 
 15,000,000 acres, in alternate sections, along the route of said road. 
 
 The company offers its bonds, issued under the provisions of its charter, 
 secured by a mortgage of the entire road, its franchises, property, rolling stock, 
 and appurtenances, including the fifteen millions of acres of land granted by 
 the United States, and believes that HO better or more satisfactory security 
 
48 
 
 r 
 
 exists. The bonds are payable in forty years, in gold, and the interest, at six 
 per cent., with one per cent, for sinking fund, also in gold, payable semi- 
 annually. The principal and interest will be payable at the option of the 
 holder, in Europe or America, as set forth in the bond. 
 
 Besides this development of business is the actually existing business awaiting 
 transportation, and already adverted to, in Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, New 
 Mexico, Arizona, and California. Mr Greeley, who traveled extensively in 
 Texas in 1871, estimates that in 1880 sb3 will have a population of two millions, 
 and that her industry and enterprise will have far outstripped the increase of 
 population. It is estimated that at least 100,000 emigrants have arrived within 
 her borders during the past year, and that there will be shipped from the Red 
 river country alone, during the present year, 75,000 head of cattle, 750,000 
 pounds of beef, 100,000 pounds of tallow with hides, 225,000 bales of cotton, 
 and large quantities of wool, and that the receipts from all sources will not be 
 less than $50,000,000. 
 
 Of the through trade between California and the Atlantic, and the trade and 
 traffic of the Eastern Continent, this road, from its superior advantages already 
 adverted to, must inevitably secure a large proportion. The gross earnings of 
 the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railways combined, for 1871, the 
 second year of their through business, as officially reported, amounted to 
 817,250,000, of which amount 65 per cent, was local business, mainly created 
 by the railroad itself, and about 53 per cent, or nearly nine millions and a half 
 of the above sum, was net profit over operating expenses. An equal revenue on 
 the Texas and Pacific, estimating its total cost at say $75,000,000, would give 
 a return of over 12 per cent., as the net earnings and the amounts will expand 
 in an ever-increasing ratio as the country is settled and its resources developed. 
 
 But superadded to all this is the munificent contribution of lands by the 
 Government, the general character of which is such as to secure their ready 
 sale, and the proceeds of sales of which, by the terms of the mortgage, are 
 devoted to the payment of interest on the bonds and the purchase of the bonds 
 themselves, the latter of which features, it is believed, will put the bonds at par 
 as soon as the company itself shall be able, from the sales of land, to announce 
 itself as a purchaser of its own bonds. 
 
 Judging from the experience of other companies in the sale of Government 
 lands, the inference is fairly warrantable that the value of the lands themselves 
 will be amply sufficient to build and equip the entire road, thus doubling the 
 security for the payment of the bonds. 
 
 The Union Pacific Railroad Company during the year 1870 sold 294,000 
 acres of land, at an average of $4.46 per acre $1,311,240. At a like rate per 
 acre the 15,000,000 acres of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company would 
 produce $67,900,000. 
 
 I have now given you an outline of the last project with which Colonel Scott 
 is identified. , Its magnitude is almost beyond comprehension ; its prosecution 
 and completion worthy of the loftiest ambition. Needless for me to say that 
 
49 
 
 our young and daring leader looks to no pecuniary reward. That lie has 
 already secured. He now aspires to the higher object of re-uniting North and 
 South in the bonds of increasing commerce and lasting peace. 
 
 How mysterious are the ways of Providence ! A little more than twenty 
 
 years ago, when Thomas A. Scott was an humble subordinate in the employ of 
 
 the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, .JT;'.-r>->n Davis was a Senator in Congress 
 
 from Mississippi, and Franklin Pierce a candidate for President. Scott voted 
 
 i thf l::tti-r. rlivu-d in X"\ :uber of 1852, made Jefferson Davis his 
 
 Secretary of V t' the first steps of the latter was to 
 
 order a survey of the Territories to find out the best route for a railroad to the 
 
 ic. Four n-ports wrre made by the ablest of our engineers, which he sent 
 
 to Congress ably supported in one of his best papers. Th-- war postponed all 
 
 work on the route over the thirty-second parallel, whicli was the favorite 
 
 i-ut did not stop the speedy construction of that now 
 
 known as the Union Pacific by > - s e, even \vlu-n Davis 
 
 leading the people of the South t linst their country. And 
 
 now, just at tin- moment these same people are \ . by the p->nl 
 
 lion, and when they an ; forward i\r one brave, strong, and 
 
 :.) help them out of the gloom, Colonel Scott steps forward in 
 r of his age, and accepts the trust, which, but for that rebellion 
 would have been long ago discharged by other hands. 
 
 T 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE 
 EXAS AND PACIFIC |vAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 '"' , 
 
 THOMAS A. SCOTT. 
 
 Treasurer, 
 
 KI NT. 
 
 s /', Assistant Secretary, 
 
 HART. D. Km MI;IIAAB,. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 
 
 Tuos. A. SCOTT, Pa., 
 
 p, N. Y., 
 
 H. G. ST> N.Y., 
 
 G. W. CASS, Pa., 
 W. T. WALTERS, Md., 
 
 J. N. McCULLOUGH, Pa., 
 
 W. C. HITE, Ky., 
 W. C. HALL, Ky., 
 
 H. B. PLANT, Ga., 
 H. D. NEWCOMB, Ky., 
 I-]. \\ r . RICE, Iowa, 
 H. S. McCoMB, Del., 
 J. McMANUS, Pa., 
 J. W. FORNEY, Pa., 
 W. R. TRAVERS, N. Y., 
 J. S. HARRIS, La., 
 
 J. W. THKOCKMORTON, Texas. 
 
ITS i FORNEY, 
 
 l> I'THEICS IXTK11K8T OF THE TEXAS AND 
 
 L.TISI\ K IN TH ' ENTKKPUISE THl NT OF A 
 
 AT \;ui ( TTrKAi uION SOUTH OF U8 TO BK THE NEXT 
 
 KS8. 
 
 SHREVEPORT, LA. 
 
 A MKETINU AT Til! I! !lMS THK KNTERPRISE 
 
 'KD. 
 
 nlancc with arranL'cments 
 
 . made, a ni rl IJoard <>f Trade was held, at 
 
 h Hppean-l ijnite ;i HUM d in the important matter 
 
 reception >f (\.lonel T. A. Scott and 
 
 created wa M their views upon the important rail- 
 
 road enterprise in which they are ei .nd its bearing iifon the futun* 
 
 
 
 .bout halt ;r ..'.-lurk, ' Lindsay, tir-t vice president of the 
 
 '!:! th- meet: m<l in ;i f'r\v remarks stated the 
 
 object <>f it. Hi- then formally intmdurrd <'1. Scott and party to the meeting, 
 
 requested <'"!. F'.rncy, of the Philadelphia /Vxx, to address the body 
 
 Tul. Forney immediately arose, and in a quiet and unpretending manner do- 
 : the following 
 
 APDRE 
 
 Mil. rUKSii.KNT, FKI. I. ..\v-<MTl/ENS, ANL> PlLLOW-OOUMTBTMXN : I feel 
 highly complimented in being permitted to appear before you to-night, but as I 
 am here rather as an auxiliary, in fact rather as the guest of Col. Scott, though 
 a director of the road under its new organization, I cannot be expected to talk 
 to you technically of the great enterprise you have so much at heart/ and with 
 which he has at la^t become definitely identified. If I may be permitted to say 
 a single word about myself, I will say that nearly twenty-five years ago, \ 
 had the honor, in my journalistic connection at Washington, to advocate in an 
 humble way this great measure; and it shows the providential workings of the 
 times. This grand scheme, which originated with one of your cherished 
 ^men, interrupted and postponed by the calamities of war, is to, be finally 
 
 H 
 
52 
 
 prosecuted and completed by a citizen of Pennsylvania. [Applause.] The 
 gentleman now here present comes to you with a history and a name as familiar 
 as that of any other on the continent. I do not trust myself to speak of Colonel 
 Scott as I feel, lest I might be accused of personal eulogy ; but I will tell the 
 young men of the South around me, those who" desire an example of energy 
 and enterprise, that that example is here at my right hand. [Applause.] A 
 little more than a quarter of a century ago he who now heads this great enter- 
 prise was among the humblest of our citizens, and to-day he is the type of a 
 finished statesman. After all, gentlemen, now that the era of conflict has 
 passed, and great ideas are being accepted as the result of that conflict now 
 that we are mingling and mixing with each other seeing each other face to face ; 
 now that seas are crossed, and continents are neighbored, and men talk to each 
 other across wide expanses with pens of lightning and tongues of fire, mere 
 political theories subside, and the great truths of industry, energy, and enter- 
 prise become vital : and hence it is, when this gentleman consented to bring to 
 you his fresh credit, his unstained name, untrammeled by the coils of party, 
 and his scorn of the mere differences among men, he gave you the very best 
 assurance of his sincerity. I think he has passed beyond the realm of mere 
 pecuniary ambition. Having just closed the 48th year of his life, he can look 
 forward to being identified with the great work of reconciliation and redemp- 
 tion of opening up to you that vast empire hermetically closed so long of 
 making you what you should have been from the first, the centre and the be- 
 ginning of the greatest international railroad in the world. Now let me talk 
 to you as a Northern man, and say that we come here as brothers, friends. I 
 have never before seen this wonderful region, and since we left New Orleans on 
 Saturday evening, to all of us it was a new revelation; everything was fresh, 
 everything was novel. As we advanced into the heart of this great region, and 
 landed in the midst of your beautiful little metropolis, it was something charm- 
 ing to find so much refinement, cultivation, and courtesy ; and, gentlemen, I 
 felt doubly proud of our country to see the evidences of the courage with which 
 you sustained your side of the great conflict through which we have passed. It 
 was something to know that we met as foemen in war, and that we are now 
 brothers in peace ; and I tell you that there is not a heart in the North that 
 does not desire to throb in unison and friendship with you ; that there is not a 
 man or woman in my section who does not yearn to be your friend, and who 
 does not desire to meet you under our own national vine and fig tree, with none 
 to molest or make us afraid. Having said this much, I feel I would be in- 
 truding upon the business of the night if I did more than to thank you for this 
 pleasant opportunity of meeting you. 
 
 The speech of Colonel Forney was received with many evidences of appreci- 
 ation by the meeting. 
 
 SPEECH OF COLONEL THOMAS A. SCOTT. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS OP THE BOARD OP TRADE OF SHREVEPORT : 
 I may state that after coming here with G-en. Dodge, chief engineer of the 
 Texas and Pacific Railway Company, and several directors of that organization, 
 and examining your city in all its bearings, we have come .to one or two conclu- 
 sions which I desire to lay before you. 
 
 First, in order to inaugurate this enterprise and carry it forward successfully, 
 we want your prompt and energetic action, and it has occurred to me, or rather 
 has been suggested by some of your people, that the city of Shreveport would 
 take the matter in hand and provide what this company would require within 
 
53 
 
 your corporate limits. We shall need large facilities for the reception, 
 shipmenc, uud transportation i' materials and supplies for a railway sixteen 
 hundred miles in length, and which must necessarily attract to this point 
 ant oi b r visiting different locations during 
 
 the day we have come prepared to make the following proposition : That 
 the city of Shreveport shall provide by purchase and transfer by de'ed in 
 
 >lc Hail way Company all the property lying be- 
 
 and the > imcncing at the line of Cotton 
 
 ing down the river to the boundary of what is known as the 
 
 Silver Lake tr between Commerce street and 
 
 ud to protect the river 
 
 ;ch suitable cribbing and work as will make it a permanent 
 >mpany, and also to grant the right 
 
 of way i'r the company - from their present terminus down 
 
 to (V.nui: 'cmeree to the Silver Lake tract, and 
 
 . tin- ;n;i. ..-nt.> of this company at su>-h times 
 
 aiM-onunodate the traffic to and 
 i ; and also to and fnm such extensions of 
 ;i3 may be necessar . 
 
 <TY !!' traffic, material, and supplies 
 to be slid all otiu-r pnrp. 
 
 ,'s we ask you to do for this company, in return for 
 which I think we may say I ' y;>ur city a : 
 
 number o , and within a short period of 
 
 inties, so that 
 you may have the opportuui report a i e of the 
 
 interest as well as to ours to 
 
 secure an y of Memphis or Virk>burg. The road by way of 
 
 a of one hundred miles 
 ins, about one hundred 
 It will also give a short and very direct con- 
 hin.md, Washington, Baltimore, 
 id also, with the line being con- 
 lines to St. Louis, Louisville, 
 .ed in serious litigation at 
 
 h may delay its prosecutiun, but if your people show the proper 
 enterprise and liberality, I think done within twelve months from this 
 
 'did like to see the citix : ireveport take 
 
 hold of, and if you can say to otr y within ten or fifteen days that you 
 
 of way to extend our road and depot facilities, we will 
 
 bring to this point an amount of bi-. i cannot fail to contribute essen- 
 
 rity. [ d ire to thauk the Board of Trade for the 
 
 ntcrred upon me in electing me one of its members, and I 
 
 hope to 1 are of m .oin in the future, and now desire to 
 
 . the peo; mr gratitude for the hospitalities and cour- 
 
 hey have been pleased to exterd to our little party. 
 
 iie conclusion of Colonel Idress A. H. Leonard, Esq., was called 
 
 for, who proposed, in a few neat remarks, a resolution to the effect that the 
 
 proposition of Colonel Scott should at once be accepted and submitted to the 
 
 board of administrators for ratification. [The offer of Col. Scott has since been 
 
 unanimously accepted.] 
 
In seconding the resolution of Mr. Leonard, Colonel George Williamson ad- 
 vocated the adoption of the proposition made by Colonel Scott. Upon the part 
 of the Shreveport Board of Trade, he responded to the hearty expressions of 
 good will used by Colonel Forney in his address. He esteemed the gentlemen 
 whom he had the pleasure of welcoming to-nigh\ as exponents of the ideas of 
 modern progress, and as Northern men whose hearts felt kindly toward the suf- 
 fering South. He said it was necessary, in order to restore harmony between 
 the sections, for the people to know each other ; that when better acquainted, 
 animosities, envies, and jealousies would be assuaged; and then would arise a 
 homogeneity of interest that would bind the people together. He indulged the 
 hope that the time was not far distant when North and South would join hands 
 in rearing monuments to those noble heroes of the war, of whom Americans 
 and all mankind were proud, as the highest exemplars of human virtue and 
 pairiotism. The speech of Colonel Williamson was well received, and elicited 
 much applause, although delivered in a rather quiet and conversational tone. 
 It was brief, and expressed in that classical good English of which that gentle- 
 man is so complete a master. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted, after which Colonel Forney said : 
 
 I am instructed by Colonel Scott to say that he highly appreciates the prompti- 
 tude and unanimity with which the resolution has been adopted, and I need not 
 say for him that his word is always as good as his bond, and what he says he 
 means. Now let me add a few remarks supplementary to the speech of my 
 good -friend Colonel Williamson. After the death of your Stonewall Jackson, 
 whom we regarded as the Knight of the South, inasmuch as he presented a 
 singular combination of Christian virtues, I printed an editorial from my own 
 heart, testifying to his high qualities in the midst of that fierce conflict when 
 the lintel of every household was draped in mourning. In response I received 
 a letter from Abraham Lincoln in which he expressed his appreciation of the 
 motive that prompted me to pay a proper tribute to such virtues and valor. 
 Yes, Mr. President, the day of revenge has gone, the day of reconciliation is 
 coming, and God grant it may come quickly and stay long. I well remember 
 the bitterness with which the North regarded your deceased leaders, and yet, 
 as I pass through your hotels, private houses, steamboats, and places of public 
 resort, and gaze upon the lineaments of Robert E. Lee, I do so no longer with 
 resentment. I remember him and the motive that prompted him to draw his 
 sword. I remember the rancor with which that motive was criticised, but now 
 all is forgotten. Peace and prosperity are beginning to li^ht up your dark 
 places, and the time is arriving when the name of Robert E. Lee will be re- 
 membered in the North as that of a man who honestly believed he was fighting 
 in a cause which was right. May we not in the same spirit demand from you 
 recognition of the Great Man who fought against him on the side of the Union ? 
 We have reached an era in which, no matter who is elected President, the 
 wheels of progress will move onward. I believe this people has outlived its 
 passions ; is settling itself down upon the eternal rock of truth, and will pres- 
 ently stand before the nations of the earth, ready to fight against a world of 
 arms, if it must be, but more ready for the conquests of civilization. [Cheers.] 
 
 After the appointment of a committee of five to confer with the municipal 
 authorities, the meeting adjourned. 
 
55 
 
 jjEFFERSON, JfiXAS. 
 
 ENTHUSIASTIC RKCK I'll >N GENERAL TURNOUT OF THE CITIZENS - 
 
 NKI, FORNEY. 
 
 .IKFFERSON, TEXAS, Jnnc. 15:2, 1872. 
 
 Colonel Thou, gentlemen with him interested in the 
 
 M uii.I 1'aeilie Railway. arrived hero at ten o'clock last evening, from Marshall, 
 
 teen mile- distant, havini: etij"\ed a pleasant carriage drive across the coun- 
 
 try. They received a most cordial ;m<l enthusiastic reception from the people 
 
 bia tl.)uri>liin_' and enterprising oity. Long before they reached Jefferson 
 
 they were saluted with the firing of cannon, and just after they crossed the 
 
 ami entered the ciiy limits, tin \ W"iv met by a band of music and the 
 
 aded by Judge Macadoo, the firemen of both 
 
 ;- in full uni' m of eiti/ens. livery house was 
 
 illuminated, :md bonfires were lighted at the mo>t conspicuous points. Having 
 
 .e.l the iVniral JI :d his party were formally introduced. 
 
 The baii<: ! other appropriate music. In response 
 
 1 .l.-hii \V Forney was introduced, and spoke from 
 
 ;\ as ful lows: 
 
 I appear b<> i->n not upon my 
 
 own I ,i-lied guest, Colonel Thnmas A. 
 
 mes not bearing with him any of the tuophies 
 
 ion of peace, reconciliation, prosperity, fraternity, and 
 
 ;i. [Chen--.] S; --re as we do, twenty-four hundred miles 
 
 n our homes, tir th. ng through a constant Jivenue 
 
 who had ii'-verseen the peculiarities of your special civiliza 
 tion, there is sm-thiii^ .striking in the fact that Colonel Thomas A. Scott is 
 
 untainted name, his unshaken e 
 
 st work of the age. [Cheers.] 
 rratulate you upon it. After 
 
 i era of blood and peril, we are here to embark, let us hope, 
 irios of brotherhood. \ 
 
 The .;r< at. ^t railr.-i'l n tl, nt will soon be commenced in earnest 
 
 >=o thai henceforth, divided as we have been, we shall be united by 
 
 !' coiunn rce, by thr ible liiraments of peace and affection. 
 
 Never before having trav. ! region, I felt a glow of pride as 
 
 reamed along the Father of Waters, and rode up the wonderful Red river, 
 
 inallv entered the empire of States this world in itself. When the great 
 
 h, which has been so i -f you, and which has so long misunder- 
 
 1 you when that far North hears that it is the home of refinement and 
 
 of ei; her multitudes will seek your broad savannas, and from all parts 
 
 of the world emigration will hurry forth to a region without winter, where 
 
 aim Til spring and summer abound, and where perennial crops reward 
 
 the husbandmen, where all the populations of this great nation may be assem- 
 
 -y Botitwell, without being more crowded 
 than the State of .Massachusetts. [Cheers.] 
 
 I thank you in the name of Colonel Scott and my associates for this hearty 
 and characteristic Southern welcome. [Applause.] 
 
56 
 
 The party then partook of refreshments, and afterwards attended a ball given 
 in their honor by the citizens of Jefferson, where they had an opportunity of 
 meeting a number of' the principal ladies of the place. Early this morning 
 they were driven to various points of interest in and around the city. Every 
 courtesy was extended to them during their short visit. They returned to 
 Marshall this evening, and leave there to-morrow morning for Long View, the 
 present terminus of the Texas and Pacific, and go thence through the interior 
 of the State, stopping at Dallas, Fort T, orth, Houston, and Gralveston. 
 
 EXAS. 
 
 J 
 
 MARSHALL, TEXAS, ON SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 22, 1872. 
 
 In response to an invitation of the citizens of Marshall, Texas, Colonel 
 Forney delivered an address on railroads in the Court House, at Marshall, on 
 Saturday evening, June 22. The room was crowded and great enthusiasm 
 prevailed. The citizens were jubilant on account of having secured the location 
 of the shops of the Texas and Pacific Railway, and when Colonel Forney was 
 introduced by T. W. Fraley, Esq., he was received with great applause. After 
 it subsided he spoke as follows : 
 
 MR. PRESIDENT AND FELLOW-CITIZENS : In what I may say to-night in 
 response to your invitation, you will, I trust, excuse me if my remarks are 
 desultory. We have had one hard week of travel, starting from Philadelphia 
 on Wednesday of last week, over 2,300 miles distant, for the purpose of begin- 
 ning what I conceive to be the greatest enterprise of the age. What with the 
 travel and fatigue, I am scarcely prepared to enter into such a discussion of the 
 subject as its magnitude demands. 
 
 We have within the last hour arrived from the prosperous and promising 
 city of Jefferson, in your immediate vicinity, after having, through our chief, 
 Col. Thomas A. Scott, consummated arrangements by which the people of that 
 point have been satisfied, and the scheme itself, so long delayed and so patiently 
 waited for, is now at last in a fair way of vigorous and successful prosecution. 
 The first intelligence which reached Colonel Scott on his arrival here was 
 that the people of Marshall had to-day accepted his generous proposal. 
 [ Applause.] 
 
 I congratulate you, my friends and countrymen, upon this auspicious occa- 
 sion. It may be worth mentioning that had you failed to meet his most 
 moderate requirement, there would have been many other candidates for the 
 facilities which you have now wisely concluded to accept and apply to your- 
 selves. In a somewhat long and exciting life I may say that 1 have never 
 known any enterprise to awaken such sincere and universal interest. Colonel 
 Scott, as you are aware, does not come among you for any personal ends or per- 
 sonal ambition; he is simply the minister of peace and progress; he comes with- 
 out pretension and without parade, leaving behind him a business and occupa- 
 tion more absorbing than have ever before been concentrated in any one 
 individual. To give you some idea of the stupendous work performed by this 
 modest and unpretending citizen, you will be startled, perhaps, to learn that 
 more than four thousand miles of railroad are under the control or managed by 
 
57 
 
 the great corporation of which he may bo called the executive chief, and you 
 
 will the better comprehend as you contemplate this fact why he has left the 
 
 :-duous and incessant labors to accept the duties of president of the 
 
 Texas and Pud tie Railway. Far removed, therefore, from all expectation of 
 
 pecuniary reward, he comes here impressed by the peculiar solemnity I had 
 
 almost said peculiar sublimity of this enterprise, to give you the earnest of his 
 
 nee and to instill int" <>f the vigor and determination which he 
 
 hr-night to the great work of wlm-h he is second in command, and, therefore, 
 
 u in carry i n i: forward your important railway. 
 
 Twenty-JVC years ago le<>. in t.iet. when we consider that the great Penn- 
 
 sylv i : until 1S47-48 we, in Philadelphia, had 
 
 precisely the same difficulty that y -u are now passing through. Wheu it was 
 
 ;o pu>h forward a line of communication betw. en the river Delaware 
 
 ify of Philadelphia was called upon for a 
 n arms at the suggestion that 
 
 should ben i large amount of money. An 
 
 ->nal violence was witnessed at the meet- 
 ifrer the eanuist efforts of sueh 
 
 -hi-d brother of the chairman of this 
 
 and note, a loan was secured and 
 
 ihe work Wai In tin- v- 18 nothing 
 
 so striking a> P in ia Central road in the 
 
 .11 today. 
 
 ii'.r having had timo in the hurry of 
 (.in- : to the aggregate and to the fact, 
 
 now Conceded by I world, that the Pennsylvania Central is- 
 
 not only the source of u ny it.-elf and t< the assured 
 
 but that it has made of Pennsylvania 
 v and ' boldly .1 llm-nce and wonderful growth of 
 
 of such a 
 
 ion, whieli may be dirn-rly attributed 
 
 to tin- success whirh has CM : prise with which Colonel Scott, rose 
 
 . and str- v: that the city of Phil-i- 
 
 10,000 a year, thus placing 
 
 above any otht-r manufacturing city in the world. One locomotive shop, 
 that with an army of workmen, turns our a first -"las-s locouio- 
 
 in that city are constantly amazed at 
 
 and prolific iim-mimi of our mechanics. Every description of 
 
 1 in Philadelphia, from the huire locomotive to the most 
 
 jlier branches of skilled labor, 
 
 iini: those of Kurope in their superior finish fine cotton and woolen 
 good- hats, for exportation, the volante for far South America, 
 
 of machinery and articles, many of which 
 
 by persons supposing them to be of foreign manu- 
 
 en developed magically; our iron 
 
 e been produced beyond calculation. As an instance, I will 
 
 i to the extraordinary prosperity of the Valley of the 
 
 utifully and memorably celebrated by Campbell in his 
 
 of Wyoming. Twenty years ago it was almost a wilderness, 
 
 ir stands a marvel of what can be accomplished by American 
 
 labor properly encouraged. In ls">8 I was invited to the city of Scranton, 
 
 to deliver a lecture for charitable purposes. It was then a straggling village, 
 
 with one brick tavern and a dozen frame houses. It is now a metropolis of 
 
58 
 
 fifty thousand people, with thirty or forty railroad tracks,, main and tributary, 
 entering its boundaries. It has no rival in the bustle and ambition and aspira- 
 tions of its people, save perhaps in the single city of Chicago. Situated in a 
 region of singiilar beauty, this fact is presented, that in the valley which runs 
 through Wilkesbarre, which witnessed the trials of the early colonists in the 
 days of the Revolution, and extending about forty miles to Scranton, with a 
 width of ten miles, land could have been purchased in 1858 for $200 an acre, 
 but scientific investigation having prove that the whole surface is underlaid 
 with the finest quality of anthracite coa 1 , it is now selling at $3,000 an acre, 
 while the city of Wilkesbarre itself is mainly built over land containing the 
 ?auie precious material. We have an iron mountain in Pennsylvania chiefly 
 owned by the distinguished George Dawson Coleman. which it has been ascer- 
 tained by scientific measurement contains forty millions of tons of iron ore, sold 
 nt the bank for from six to eight dollars a ton. 
 
 I mention these incidents, my friends, to show you what your own future 
 must be. Your present condition would have been like ours if the remarkable 
 political gospel had not been taught and believed in by great numbers of intelli- 
 gent people of both parties, that the General Government should not encourage 
 the development of the internal resources of the country. All of us recollect 
 that it was a party contest some years ago to vote down every proposition for 
 the improvement of our rivers and harbors. That far-seeing statesman Judge 
 Douglas, in 1845-46, appreciating the fact that the General Government must 
 move, or else these vast resources must continue to lie dormant, co-operated with 
 the Whig party, which, under the leadership of Mr. Clay, stood forth as the 
 champion of the peculiar policy to which I refer, and by unwearied industry, 
 self-sacrifice, and untiring exertions he carried through his original proposition, 
 the scheme which inaugurated and projected the Illinois Central Railroad, 
 which runs 700 miles through that great State, and is now, next to the 
 Pennsylvania Central, the most profitable railroad in the world. Go to 
 Chicago, the key of the Wost, and see, as I have seen, in the granite depot of 
 the Illinois Central, destroyed by fire on the 9th of October last, and almost 
 since rebuilt, from fifteen to twenty-five hundred emigrants from all parts of the 
 world waiting to be carried still farther West. I thought when I had reached 
 Chicago, 800 miles from Philadelphia, that I had penetrated into the heart of 
 the West, but here I found the Norwegian, the German, and many of the Latin 
 races, but particularly the Teutonic, waiting to be carried forward to the still 
 more distant West, with long trains of cars filled with ready-made houses, with 
 the roofs, the doors, the scantling, the windows, and everything necessary to 
 complete a perfect dwelling, so that when the emigrant reached his spot of 
 earth for which he had paid from two to five dollars an acre, all that he had to 
 do was to join his house together, and find himself in the possession of a com- 
 petency for life. Now you will perceive, from what I have stated, the double 
 fact is proved that the emigrant is not only comfortably situated, but that the 
 lands reserved by the railroad have doubled, trebled, quadrupled, and quintupled 
 their original value, and hundreds of thousands of acres are still held for 
 further advancement. Judge Douglas had no superior in unselfish devotion to 
 his people, and the proof of this devotion is found in the fact that, while he has 
 enriched his adopted State and poured millions upon millions into the coffers of 
 the people and into the treasury of the Illinois Central Company, he died poor, 
 and there is nothing left to identify him with this marvelous cause but a modest 
 monument on the shores of Lake Michigan, raised by popular subscription. 
 
 Now. my friends, I stand here in the midst of a civilization nearly as old as 
 Pennsylvania. What would have been your situation if those who led you had 
 
59 
 
 been inspired by the example to which I have referred ? At last the hour has 
 Dome when V"iir dreams md tlie dreams of your fathers, are about to be real- 
 i/.ed. [(IheiTs. | It is among the ^lories of the times that although the war 
 parted our beloved country for :i period, we are now united in stronger bonds 
 than ever before. [Applause.] 1 venture to assort that not five per cent., or 
 at lra>r imr ten per cent., of the people of the Northern States have the slighr- 
 ,.lea of tlie endlos wealth of the-e tropical States. I speak of myself. I 
 hail heard of the iin-at Southwest; 1 had read of it ; I knew its older states- 
 men; I knew rli.- venerable, vigorous, and always-beloved Rusk; I knew old 
 lloiit.n. [Cheers. | I knew many of your leading men in the past, before 
 .-IP- recent tr^uides. but until I came here 1 had not learned the extent of my 
 In the Hr.st p' i no just idea of your people. I had an 
 
 !>uf I had no just view of your people. You 
 
 will pardon me. my friends, when I tell you that Texas was tome a t<rr<i tnrn<j- 
 
 Mietbinu like tlie inlands that Columbus sailed to discover, when the 
 
 . i-h pe..p]e tli.niL'ht. a> he placed his bark upon the ocean and disappeared 
 
 behind the hori/.in. they had bidden him farewell forever. Not such, of 
 
 i"ii of the | pie of the Southwest, but I had no idea 
 
 uhen I me into a region like this, and I 
 
 p if the way. [ Cheers.] I do not speak in flattery. 
 
 . pl.iin i The lied river seemed to be a 
 
 mi inhabited ' : tS >te;unboats floating coilins, and a sale 
 
 ud -i laek of explos eption. [Laughter.] I hardly 
 
 km pi. and majestic shores and looked 
 
 out up.. n tin- i 'id upon the huts of the happy poor, I fell 
 
 that it was !.r_;h time that . d study the maxim that intercourse and 
 
 ruin to ripen int.. iVi.-mUhip and to f uit into love. [Ap- 
 
 plan- 
 
 At I ,v each other at I-IM we are beginning to see 
 
 thai it l:i>t the mists of prejudice are passing 
 
 Eastern connections will be so 
 
 ; \<|iiisite winter metropoli will be 
 
 i'N' u -them people, who will come 
 
 1 return. I rthan 1 am to-night. For in the 
 
 ii the threshold of the most sublime future 
 
 i \s we Mudy the triumphs of science and see day 
 
 kili.dli i'_ r hts, as we realize the wonders of the 
 
 H-ies of the pr->s , iph. and how a people can only be great 
 
 who avail fchei by which that people are sur- 
 
 pt our <le.->tiny. and we must move with it, or we must 
 
 die. |('heer>| Wed.tren'" 1 i n an era such as t h is . 
 
 That e .untrv <>r that n r ih m-jlects or discards this duty is guilty, I 
 
 will not say of a i-rime, but of a blunder which some may call a crime. Now 
 
 lo.,k at the immediate eeiii: id. See what the effects of your 
 
 -ion td:iviir You are here at the legal initial point of the 
 
 'id Paeitie It-iilway. (Cheers.] This is the real starting point 
 
 in Te\a>. Here are to be the v 3 under the pledge of Colonel Scott, 
 
 ratified by y i may well congratulate yourselves upon 
 
 this hap; how little you pay and how much you are 
 
 the beginning of the Pennsylvania Central at Philadelphia, 
 
 it> termini^ at Pitt>burg. and remember that neither of the great thorough- 
 
 i Philadelphia and Chicago pierces a country such as the Texas 
 
 and Pacific Railway must pierce. 
 
60 
 
 My friends, you will be the vanguard of an athletic population. In the first 
 place you will soon have among you an intelligent laboring population, who 
 will force emigration into your fertile fields. From three to five thousand 
 laborers will be needed along this extensive line, and your own immediate 
 centre will share largely in the profits of the money "expended by the company. 
 [Cheers.] Your town will be filled with people from other sections, and when 
 they come you should cultivate their friendship, and treat them in such a way 
 as to induce them to settle among you. Treat them as we treat all such per- 
 sons in the North. 
 
 Now think for a moment of the intense interest with which the Old World 
 watches your progress ; think how essential your staple is to the prosperity of 
 the Old World, and think, too, of what would become of the great manufactur- 
 ing cities of Europe if it were withdrawn from them, and you will the better 
 realize how they will welcome the messengers of Colonel Scott when they go 
 forth into the financial markets of the Old World and ask assistance in his 
 name to push forward these sixteen hundred miles to El Paso, in Texas, and 
 San Diego, in California. [Cheers.] I shall not be surprised to hear that his 
 difficulty will not be in securing money, but in choosing between the offers that 
 will be presented to him. [Applause.] With this brief statement, you will, 
 perhaps, the better understand how fortunate you have been in the action of 
 to-day, and how fortunate you are in your leader. All that is necessary is, for 
 you to put your own shoulders to the wheel ; all that is necessary is, to vitalize, 
 to utilize, and to organize the intelligence, the experience, the ambition of the 
 people who surround me to-night. [Cheers.] 
 
 I wish this were the occasion to give the young men of the South before me 
 a personal sketch of the career of Col. Scott not for the purpose of speaking 
 of him in terms of fulsome adulation, but to show how much the youth of the 
 country may do if they imitate his example. You will scarcely believe that 
 there is hardly a .boy listening to me whose parents may be suffering from 
 poverty that has had more obstacles to overcome than were experienced by 
 our young leader as he carved his upward way out of the rocky steps of adver- 
 sity. What a lesson is this to the youth of our country ! What a lesson to 
 those who have been, I fear, sometimes familiarizing themselves with idle com- 
 plaints, and who, instead of living in the real present, and working on to the 
 throbbing future live in the memories of the past these men should recollect 
 that upon them, and upon them alone the destinies of the future of this great 
 country must depend. [Cheers.] But apart from the commercial advantages 
 apart from the fact that you are sure to reap great advantages as the head of 
 this great enterprise let us contemplate what this work must do in the way 
 of peace and reconciliation. In that view it deserves the careful consideration 
 of the statesman. The mere fact that we have not been in common sympathy 
 with each other; the mere fact that there has been arrogance on both sides, 
 the pride of wealth in both, bigotry and prejudice in both, the contempt that 
 one felt for the other that mere fact may be called the prime cause of the 
 great tragedy which shook the civilized world, and carried us nearly to politi- 
 cal dissolution. I venture to say that if Jefferson Davis could have carried his 
 great programme of the Pacific Railroad over the 32d parallel into effect, when 
 he presented his report to Congress in 185556 for constructing a road from 
 Marshall to San Francisco, there would have been no war. [Cheers.] Be- 
 cause where the people know each other well they soon begin to love each 
 other. If among these valleys had been whirled the great steam car, the great 
 evangelizer of modern progress, your little town would now be a large city, and 
 the people of the North would have mingled with the people of the South, and 
 
Gl 
 
 they would have learned to know and to love each other. The people of both 
 ions would have been consolidated by the indestructible agencies of science 
 I universal catholicity. 
 Let us not dwell upon the past, however, but march boldly into the recesses 
 
 future, and be c<jii:il to iho exigencies of the times. 
 
 I pledge you that whatever your own feelings maybe or may have been, 
 there is not to-day in any single Northern household any emotion for you but 
 th.-it of friendsnip. [Cheers.] 1 fully appreciate your situation. " I put my- 
 self in your place." I know that you are, or have been, the defeated party. I 
 share with you in many "f yur complairiK while at the same time discounting 
 them by tin- j i -cessities and duties of the Government. I know, there- 
 
 1 from us that you have the right to look and to expect 
 liich, perhaps, you ;, cannot yet understand; and I say to 
 
 hat th'-r nte officer who comes to Philadelphia 
 
 \\lio will nr he warml;. i little more than a year ago that one 
 
 of the most distinguished men in -derate service, resident in this very 
 
 e of Texas, identified prominently with the great work in which we are now 
 
 In order to convince him of the 
 
 trur! iid to you I invited him to meet me at the Union League 
 
 in o I'nion !. in passing, gentlemen, is to-day 
 
 one of the most powerful social and ; rganizations in this country. It 
 
 numler< two ; of the m ' ;!tivated of our citizens, and 
 
 is all iblican or. n. I took my Confederate friend 
 
 there in order to let him Bee hw we 1 to ex-Confederates, and in- 
 
 1 him to<> M prominent Republicans such men 
 
 as Henry C. Car - 11 Orne, Daniel Dougherty, 
 
 and others all of them extreme men, and when we sat down to the table I 
 !. talk as JOU would talk in Texas, .lustily your actions, 
 re us," and I n~ friends, h" did so, and while this 
 
 proceeding was going on theliaUsof the League were filled with merchants, 
 who hear . . was enter 1 with no l^-lings of vindictive- 
 
 ness or ai: They liked the example, Of course, 
 
 my L If into the witricss-l>ox and bore a c 
 
 - an even! i : ihle one I shall never forget and 
 as I took him into the depotof t nia Central, and put him in the 
 
 ig through such an experi- 
 ence ; '0 spirit of progress in the North, and felt 
 that ;h.- d iv t' peace and recon* raa at hand. There is no truth more 
 ut to my mind, that no man e liappy who lived upon hate. I 
 
 to control him is not only an illogical 
 
 but that the individual specimens are so 
 
 few as simply it which 1 3 friendship, that which 
 
 - ivi.Mir of mankind, " Forgive us 
 
 Kisses as we forgive those 'who st us." Colonel Scott 
 
 f as a politician, nor as a sucee ful warrior showing his scars ; he does 
 not desire to build this great \\-nrk entirely with foreign capital, but wants the 
 wealth and confidence of the conmmnir. through which it passes; and I know 
 that as the int. Ili-ence of his pr i vigorous action passes to the North, 
 
 it will be as a victory. It will prove that the long delay of which you 
 
 have been the victims has passed away, and that the people of the North will 
 feel that at last we are to have a trans-continental road through a region free 
 from the blinding snows of the middle and northern routes a tropical region, 
 an Arcadia, a State more than a State, an empire, whose history itself is a 
 
62 
 
 romance, and yet not less a romance than the reality of its splendid material 
 wealth. Bat if I were to talk a day I could not say more, and therefore I bid 
 you good-night. 
 
 KAUFMAN. 
 A SERENADE BY THE CIT /FAS MORE SPEECHES. 
 
 On Tuesday evening, June 25, at Kaufman, Kaufman county, Texas, a sere- 
 nade was tendered to Colonel Thomas A. Scott and his party while sojourning 
 at the Gibbs House, in response to which Colonel Forney spoke as follows : 
 
 As our little party, after a rough but entertaining ride, entered this interest- 
 ing town to-day, I was reminded of the fact that the gentleman whose name it 
 bears was my intimate friend. I knew David S. Kaufman well while he was a 
 Representative in Congress from this very district when I was an officer of the 
 House. He was a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and, therefore, 
 if any of his posterity is here present, and I ain glad to know that many of his 
 friends are here, it should be gratifying for them to know that he left the im- 
 pression of rare integrity, great ability, and high personal and social traits upon 
 all who knew him, and he is still well remembered at the National Capital as 
 one of the truest and best of men. [Cheers.] It is pleasant to be in a locality 
 which bears the name of a native of Pennsylvania. It shows that, after all 
 that has transpired since his death, there still exists in us the vitality which no 
 blood, no death, no bitterness, no revenge can extinguish. Strange to say that, 
 although you are a part of this country, you are unknown, to a large degree, to 
 the great North, of which I am a citizen. Your State is almost like a distant 
 planet which shines afar, is wondered at, and exciting curiosity to know who 
 inhabits it. 
 
 Colonel Scott is here as the head of the greatest enterprise in modern civili- 
 zation, passing directly through the heart of Texas. He comes to obliterate sec- 
 tionalism that poisonous bane of our country, which has done so much to make 
 us hate and despise each other." He conies to inaugurate a physical and mental 
 agency, a new era in a New-old World, and will be followed by the great millions 
 of the North, who only have to be informed of your extraordinary advantages 
 advantages that bless no other people on God's footstool. They will come to 
 share these advantages with you. You will see how they manage their affairs, 
 and you will imitate them in all that deserves imitation. 
 
 If you will permit me, my friends, I will now say a few frank words. With 
 us we welcome the stranger without reference to politics or religion. We re- 
 ceive him, we cultivate him, we treat him well, as though he were born among 
 us. We believe there is no such thing as a Republic without such a course; 
 there can be no such thing as civil government without it. We believe in the 
 freest utterance and in the freest action ; we believe in the perfect independence 
 of man, always, of course, within the bounds of propriety and law. Now let 
 me say to you, that the first thing you should do when an emigrant comes here 
 is to receive him kindly and cordially; make him feel at home among you, and 
 aid and encourage him in carrying out his ideas of trade, commerce, and agri- 
 culture. This is the true idea of fostering and encouraging emigration, and 
 until you accept it there can be no such thing as a permanent and happy popu- 
 lation. 
 
 How blessed you are ! Look at this wonderful prairie, which, when I entered 
 it to-day, after a long and dusty ride over the deep sandy roads, exhilarated me 
 
63 
 
 like a draught of nectar. We felt when we first struck that beautiful expanse 
 as if new life had been instilled into our veins. I never have seen such a sight 
 before; I saw ;i shinini* garden blooming with (Jod's best gifts, and said to my- 
 < 'an a people thus highly favored forget their wondrous surroundings ? 
 Can they remain still and indifferent, when the heart of the whole world is 
 throbbing, and when mankind everywhere is rising to a higher realization of his 
 
 I, ;-ri<l advancing rapidly to the (indhcad? [Applause.] 
 
 But 1 am not here to make a speech. 1 simply came to thank you for the 
 
 i have paid to our distinguished chief, to say to you that he means 
 
 work, and that his word is as go !>ond. [Cheers.] This is not a mere 
 
 :it. He r North, which wants to be your friend. 
 
 You should not complain it' th> '! d Pacific does not pass immediately 
 
 through your town. It will certainly pass through your county, and your peo- 
 
 ,- oonstru il line, which will afford you facilities f,r 
 
 the t raii.-purfatioM 1 and valuable products of your region. You 
 
 'i:it ( '.il.i: Is to fulfill his mission, and it becomes 
 
 the duty nf the citi/.ens ,,i' Kaufman county to respond liberally in aid of the 
 
 enter;. 
 
 We 1 passed through a Considerable portion of your State, and have 
 
 everywhere 1- i with kii. <'.ltmrl Scott is accompanied by 
 
 t ability in th. : itive roles. His child' engineer, (.ien 
 
 ville M. p..-! id and scientific oilicer, as is proven 
 
 he manit -frd in t: completion of the I'nion Pacific 
 
 < >.;r IK lircctor, M of Baltimore, is a gentleman 
 
 !' 1 d ki. .wl dge, ami all h .fes liave been 
 
 ;ed them. From these 
 
 indie to carry out his part, of the 
 
 en, r M-.st in-. merit. \> far as I am nmn-nu-d, I can 
 
 assure you I will do n, ur resources belore the people of the 
 
 I Apjdause.J Thanking you again 
 -lit. 
 
 PALLAS 
 
 A I . \ >f,ONEL J. W. FORNEY, 
 
 DMAS A. SCoTT, AM) Cnl. o.\KI . I. W. Til IIOPK MORTON 
 
 :rge crowd assembled in itch field House, at Dallas, on 
 
 Thu . witli a band of music, to listen to addresses rela- 
 
 iie Texas and The meeting was organized by Col. 
 
 : Colonel J. W. Forney, who spoke as follows : 
 
 I n.'ed not say, as I have said elsewhere in this 
 
 Star .teful we are for the opportunity of meeting the people of Texas. 
 
 Place yourself in my position for a moment, and you will perhaps realize the 
 
 it prompts me to say that I belong to a large class who have heretofore 
 
 you, millions of whom do not know you yet. There- 
 
 when my friend, Colonel Scott, the president of this great enterprise, which 
 
 IS to do so much for you and for the whole country, asked me to accompany 
 
 him, I came, if only to* understand, as far as T could, the merits of your case, 
 
 not siiuplv with reference to the great railroad which is soon to pierce through 
 
64 
 
 this magnificent valley, but also in reference to your social condition and natural 
 resources. I am not an old man, and yet I am old enough to have been inti- 
 mately acquainted with men contemporaneous with your struggle incident to 
 the admission of Texas into the Union of these. States. If the Democratic 
 party had not done anything else to entitle it to historical remembrance, it 
 would be the fact that to its exertions alone are we indebted for the addition 
 of this splendid empire to the great territory now governed by the Constitution 
 of the United States. [Cheers.] 
 
 It does not need any special illustration or any special imagination to show 
 what would have been our fate had this great empire continued to maintain its 
 independence, " hanging," so to speak, to use the language of an illustrious 
 personage, " on the verge of the Constitution/' making of itself a rendezvous 
 and an arsenal, and contributing by its means to keep up an excitement in the 
 neighboring Republic of Mexico. Surely it must have become a constant 
 source of irritation, a running sore. Ever since then it has grown with the 
 growth and strengthened with the strength of the old Republic, and to-day there 
 is no portion of our continent which is attracting so much attention as the State 
 of Texas. It is, in fact, the most interesting of our commercial problems. My 
 mind reverts to the period, now nearly thirty years ago, when that great states- 
 man, gone to rest, was in the prime of his life I refer to a native son of Penn- 
 sylvania, Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, who gave to the enterprise of the 
 annexation of Texas all the matchless gifts of his mind, his rare intelligence, his 
 magnetic oratory, his ripe experience, and that unwearied industry which had 
 no match in the men of his age, save in the person of that other statesman, 
 Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, who came upon the stage in 1843, and who 
 threw himself into the conflict with all the ardor of his nature. When in the 
 gallery of the House of Representatives in 1845, I listened to the remarkable 
 debate between John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, and Douglas, on Texas, I 
 was very young. Mr. Adams made a dogmatic statement in regard to the bound- 
 ary between Texas and Mexico, the truth of which was challenged by Judge 
 Douglas, then a young member, which excited the ire of the Massachusetts sage, 
 who seemed surprised that one apparently so inexperienced should take issue 
 with him on" a plain historical fact, upon which Douglas sent to the Speaker's 
 desk a letter which he asked the clerk to read, in which the very ground 
 assumed by himself was taken by John Quincy Adams when he was Secretary 
 of State in 1819. The old man had forgotten what he had written twenty odd 
 years before, and turning around to the young statesman of Illinois, he con- 
 gratulated him upon the beginning of his career, while gracefully admitting the 
 error in which he had fallen. These events, my friends, I bring before your 
 minds now, to show you that the addition of your great Commonwealth to the 
 Union was a matter of national interest even then; and now standing here, I 
 am reminded of another coincidence, that if the name of a Pennsylvanian has 
 been assigned to the adjoining county of Kaufman, this county is called after 
 George Mifflin Dallas, of Philadelphia. As if to complete this chain of coinci- 
 dences, Col. Thomas A. Scott, of Pennsylvania, after long delays is called to 
 the presidency of the great Texas and Pacific Railway. With his fresh credit, 
 in the vigor of his manhood and his long years of experience, his career and his 
 example are a lesson to every young man. When he speaks he means what he 
 says, and in our community he is the type of a man who never breaks his word. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 You will hear from the lips of our president, in his own quick, sharp, bright 
 way, of his progress. [ Cheers.] I am here, gentlemen, to congratulate the 
 country upon the auspicious beginning; I am here to say to you that, while I 
 
65 
 
 aongratulate you upon the u ha bounteous nature has bestowed on you, 
 
 I cannot congratulate you upon other things. I wish I could see now the 
 representatives of other nationalil us from all the States of the Union 
 
 men from the different countries in the Old World; I wish I could see also the 
 youth, the energy, the ambition, the daring of the great industries. This is 
 what you ne M.-ed foreign emigration and the athletic giants of trade 
 
 in the New World. That they have not been here before is not your fault; 
 but may be partly ov that the National Government has 
 
 : its ;iid to the development of the internal resources and 
 indi. Q. Il:ul the same policy been granted that was awarded 
 
 to the Illinois Central Railroad rumiin. through the State like a great backbone 
 and building up on the short >-hiu r an the most unique city in the 
 
 world ; had that j. -uld not have been compelled 
 
 -t poued till i >7_ and then to be initiated by 
 Nortl 
 
 "t'this road, would have been utilized 
 
 in I X .V>, dui-i ninUt ration, but for the calamitous theory that 
 
 itovernm- its power for tin- tle\ i-iopment ot' the 
 
 00 liTii rnterp: 1 has bloomed 
 
 w.'i'ks. born of the brain of able 
 
 :i, ha\e V >[ now I hail the day when, with 
 
 Him.-nt, the>- important lines are to be completed. 
 
 lember how th. m heart stirred when your great staple 
 
 Was withdrawn from : :ion impended in ureat manu- 
 
 -men of the Old World 
 iu ; you will at the same time understand 
 ;. will be honored abroad. The story of 
 
 a n.m;iu 
 
 ought to visit us and see t : tul n-sults of this great achieve- 
 
 to see h<> State. how it is bound to our 
 
 lines how it has de\vl"p.-d our coal, and iron, and oil 
 
 that great element whi ; sinking rredir in the midst of 
 
 bow it has enabled Philadelphia to 
 
 become one of s in the world. And yet this is 
 
 ill. 
 
 Iroad Company owns, controls, and manages some 
 ; rail, includin a trunk, :'.'>(' miles, to IMttsburg. When 
 
 1 iring of its managers, the skill and 
 .nticipate the time when this great work 
 
 shall tin; world. PS has been proposed to run 
 
 i Philadelphia to 1. aad win. n that line is completed we shall enter 
 
 into .on with . v : . other great ports. Then come the great 
 
 with the Pacific Ocean, so that by means of that instru- 
 ment -ility th- Oriental nations and the civilizations of Europe will be brought 
 :umunieation with us. And how must this affect you ? What has 
 ; done iu Pennsylvania will b ed with added wonders; but as I see 
 
 thousands of emigrants pourimr upon you by means of great steam lines, aided 
 bv ti os of the National ( iovernment, touching at Galveston and New 
 
 ibe the future of your section. All that these vast 
 
 millions need is to be informed. a .s I have been informed, of your wonderful 
 
 I would take any Kuropean statesman along the road we have 
 
 traversed from Philadelphia, this very day two weeks, along the Mississippi, 
 
66 
 
 then conduct him through that bizarre Red river, thence to Shreveport, thence" 
 to those great savannas which burst upon us yesterday morning, after having 
 toiled through the heat, dust, and morass for several days, and as he reached 
 the prairie an impression would be created that never could be forgotten. 
 Looking at it, not in the eyes of imagination, but contemplating it in the very 
 presence of real facts, you are in the vestibule o the greatest future that any 
 people have ever known. 
 
 Think of the contrast between your almost perpetual spring and summer and 
 our long and bitter winters, where when anything is done it must be done by 
 hard work. Our Pennsylvania farmers n.-e with the lark and work late into the 
 shades of the evening for the purpose of accumulating enough to keep them 
 during winter. We of the North have no such blessings as you. Nature 
 has been such a bounteous mother that you can almost live without 
 labor; but I trust that when these new* elements are brought around you, 
 you will learn that there is nothing so honorable as honest labor. [ Cheers.] 
 Until that lesson is taught, until it is infused into your blood, into your 
 brain, and into your brawn, you cannot be worthy of the destiny which 
 God Almighty intended for you. The dignity of labor where is there a thing 
 so worthy of comtemplation and ambition ? Take the men of the North and the 
 men among you who have risen by sheer force of intellect and by hard manual 
 labor, and see how they have brightened your history. Let the man who has 
 risen by toil, and who has made his way by his hands and his brain, be with 
 you as he is with us, a nobleman, and your fate is fixed. I believe, gentlemen, 
 I have said all that is necessary for me to say, and I only repeat my sincere 
 thanks for the opportunity afforded me to meet my fellow-countrymen of Texas. 
 
 SPEECH OF COLONEL THOMAS A. SCOTT. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: I am here before you to-night almost unexpectedly to me, 
 and certainly unexpected one year ago, as the executive officer of ihe great 
 Texas an4 Pacific Railway. Your committee has thought it best that I should 
 say a word to the people of Dallas as to what this corporation proposes to do 
 with this magnificent work. What I say will be very short and to the point. 
 Within the last four months the company has been reorganized, electing me its 
 president. The Congress of the United States has since granted all the legis- 
 lation that we desired in order to perfect the financial scheme to build this road. 
 It has been very liberal. In the various communities and cities we have visited 
 in the State of Texas, we found the people ready and willing to push forward 
 this enterprise as rapidly as possible, but all your energies will be required to 
 accomplish this result. 
 
 I may say that the financial arrangements are now in such a condition that I 
 can assure you the work will be commenced within sixty days in connection 
 with a line westward in this direction. I may say further that within the next 
 five years, unless some unforeseen event occurs, I believe we can drive this road 
 to the shores of the Pacific. [Applause.] Certainly if I live and keep my 
 health it will be my effort to construct the Texas and Pacific to the ocean. 
 [Cheers.] We want the people of Texas to take hold in earnest in this matter. 
 One year has already been lost through unavoidable delays, and we may need a 
 little time from your Legislature to complete the work but the construction 
 once commenced will go rapidly forward, beyond question. [Applause.] 
 
 Since we have entered Texas, at Shreveport, Marshall, and Jefferson we 
 have met with the greatest kindness, courtesy, and liberality. Every attention 
 has been shown to us, and every proposition submitted has been accepted. My 
 
07 
 
 effort has always been to make the request for aid as small as possible, as we 
 proj in (hi.- ease. My impr.- iou now is that the line can be com- 
 
 pleted here within the next fourteen or tit tee a months from this date, and in 
 two -hall make the junction at Fort Worth; and I have yet to find a 
 
 citizen of the State of Texas, with whom \ve have discussed the subject, that 
 
 not say at OIHV there will bo no difficulty whatever in having the time 
 , if that may he mves ar\ '. One thing is certain, when the work is 
 
 eommciieeu it must and will be pushed through to the Pacific. [Applause.] 
 I do not know that I .-an .-ay an\ thing more except to repeat the work shall be 
 .mm. -need at "He,-, and shall go right on until we reach the shores of the 
 Pacific. [Applause.] 
 
 i. \v. niuncK MORTON. 
 
 v then iin ll>n. I. W. Throckmorton, who said : 
 
 \\i> <ii \TU;MI:.N : I I'eel that I 
 
 i no intn'dii.-tion t<> th. c D this part of Texas, and more especially 
 
 ieel i hat ! shen (lit; question of railroads is under 
 
 :i<-n. I feel tl. indeed about to realixe the conceptions 1'ormed 
 
 well in 1852-53 that one of the favorite 
 
 children -eiited t :hf American people, and especially 
 
 . tin- project of i hi* introduction of a thoroughfare to 
 
 :ns. It was your own 
 
 'fh. .mi-. I Ilii f >'on>trueting a road which should 
 
 unit' Q8. Hi mighty mind con- 
 
 that purpose was through the territory of 
 
 I'erhaps he saw it in th -rely wish he could 
 
 w years longer to have seen the reali/ation of his hopes. Up to 
 
 i Hi-Mill. -T !' the Legislutu is I had not the good 
 
 lori i; . ision he e-ime and presented 
 
 to the ] through his instrumentality 
 
 i law that brought int.. the first corporation which 
 
 we are considering to-night. Ivemeuiber 
 
 ;:iid in (he anxiety we felt to secure this 
 
 thor< : .")!. tied up two degrees of our magnifi- 
 
 l'r->m tlie ^tate that this grand project 
 
 mi-1 roll, 1 on. and the father of this important 
 
 I this life. He did not live to see it consummated, but I 
 it, from the n urance> of Colonel Scott to-night, that the grand 
 i. Can you, my friends, imagine how import- 
 ant It ,our immediate locality that this great work should be carried 
 
 thro;; 
 
 is I drew a picture for my fellow-citizens something like 
 
 this: lin , ion of the country, upon the banks of 
 
 ;i mighty .-tiv.nn a sin-am from wh- - i-i-om there arose no pestilential vapors 
 
 . aiu iipt.n whose surface the commerce of the world might ride in perfect 
 
 n imagine what this country would be if we had such a stream as 
 
 the Red river L'liding along noi>ele>-ly from the great waters of the Pacific con- 
 
 neetini: us with the waters of the Atlantic? Vv'hat a country this would be if 
 
 nkfl of Mich a stream and could transport your com- 
 merce t. all parts of the world, and could see the traffic of all civilized nations 
 borne on its waters. Instead of the river ; however, we may realize the picture 
 
68 
 
 in the construction of this great work. The commerce of the world may travel 
 through your midst, and make you what my friend has intimated you deserve 
 to be, the greatest of the people on this continent. I mean in the industrial 
 and productive resources of the States. [Cheers.] Is this grand picture to be 
 realized? I fsel that it is in your power to have x it verified. Texas has done 
 nobly to bring about the consummation of this project by her generous munifi- 
 cence with her vast public domain. But it depends upon the brain and capital 
 of our Northern countrymen to complete it. 
 
 3Iy friends, we have here two representatives of the two great 
 
 elements of our Northern countrymen the one representing the great commer- 
 cial interests, who stands unparalleled as the projector and builder of railroads 
 [cheers], and the other the representative of the intelligent press of the country 
 and it gives me pleasure to tell you that when I first went to the pol ; 
 metropolis of this nation I met Colonel Forney, then working heartily for this 
 enterprise. [Applause.] It was a common platform, upon which Texas, New 
 York, and all the States of this Union could meet without one discordant vote. 
 Allow me, my fellow- citizens, to remind him of the expressions which fell from 
 his lips on that occasion. When we met the gentlemen of New York, he asked 
 me to give an account of the condition of the people of this section, and after I 
 had done so, he said that the northern and middle portions of this country had 
 received the bounty of the Government to aid in the construction of two lines 
 of railroads from the Atlantic to the Pacific, aud that he thought it should also 
 be bestowed with equal liberality on the Southern States. [Cheers.] The 
 construction of this road is not only a matter of necessity for commerce, but an 
 act of justice to the people of the South and its construction by the Govern- 
 ment would go far towards healing the ghastly wounds of the recent conflict, 
 and would bind together the hearts of our countrymen. 
 
 .ing can be done by statesmanship, calculated to do so much good, as the 
 construction of this great work throughout the length aud breadth of these 
 great States. I felt that there was real statesmanship in these remarks that 
 would tend to the happy reconstruction of the Union, and would do more 
 towards producing that result than any of the measures which Congress had 
 passed on the subject. I felt that if we have our grand work completed you 
 can mingle with our Northern countrymen, and that the same happy lesson my 
 friend has experienced since entering into Texas would be experienced by 
 thousands of others. 
 
 I desire to say to my Pennsylvania friends that they have seen but a small 
 portion of Texas. They have not seen the broad prairies teeming with ripening 
 corn, and with thousands of acres of cotton ; but let me call your attention to a 
 single' instance, that will illustrate what I desire to impress upon their minds in 
 regard to the fertility of our soil, and the adaptation to every variety of pro- 
 ducts. In the county of Dallas there are less than six hundred thousand acres 
 of land. When I say that five hundred thousand acres of this laud can be put 
 into cultivation, and all of which is productive, I am not very remote from 
 the fact. 
 
 It is not a fanciful picture. It may be a little beyond the reality, but when 
 I speak of my -county of Collin I am quite sure I am within the bounds. Ima- 
 gine what would be the production and what would be the exportation from a 
 single county of Texas it' we had the facilities of transporting our own crops to 
 market. We will have every acre in Collin county under cultivation in five 
 years if the road is constructed. [Applause.] Suppose one hundred thousand 
 acres are planted in cotton, and you only raise one-half bale to the acre, there 
 would be fifty thousand bales of cotton. Now let me ask some gentlemen what 
 
69 
 
 these fifty thousand bales would be worth to-day ? That is but a slight sample 
 of what one county can do in the way of production. We want labor to bring 
 this land into cultivation in order to bring about this production. Give us the 
 commercial facilities, and emigration will pour into the country, and the Texas 
 and Pacific Railway will do a greater amount of business than any other line in 
 the country. 
 
 A single county in Texas is capable of raising and exporting for the 
 necessities of the Old World as much wheat and corn as could be furnished by 
 any other State in the Union. I will say that Collin can produce more for the 
 markets of the world than many of the States of the Union, and I feel that I 
 
 r'mij nothing but what is true. [Cheers.] 
 
 My t'fllow-c'itizens, you have been iu anticipation a long time of the con- 
 struction of this Texas and I ;i. The present organization is effect- 
 mi appreciates the nec >truction, but there is also something 
 is to do. 1 feel that no work of this kind can be accomplished without an 
 nary amount of mental and physical labor and the needful cash. 
 be built upon wind, and while you expect these gentle- 
 men to pu>h this work rapidly f.-i i must remember they have to lay the 
 ind-work of a fin;m 11 enable them to prosecute the enter- 
 troadj from the tin mtil it is completed. I wish that 
 the hardy pioneers and early settlers who first came to this country, who 
 1 upon buffalo and \ icat, corn bread, and dried beef, could he here 
 to re.tli/'', in the _T \vth and prosperity of our State, their fondest anticipation. 
 :i Mil John Liedendiem rould be here to see Dallas what his early fancy 
 :v.l it. I t',-,-1 that thflM IT-- n:l.-:i > < >m here impressed with the import- 
 ance of building this railroad, and that the work should be done as quickly as 
 possible, and 1 will do more to develop our country than any- 
 .: we can do. As a people we are mighty and powerful in resources, but 
 we are miserably poor when we come to the means necessary to carry on this 
 ntic project. The world stood iu amazement when the idea was conceived 
 rcmpt to build the Union Pacific and the line that ran through a still more 
 portion of this country. The world was astonished to think that any 
 peoplo under the sun should attempt such an enterprise while a deadly conflict 
 was raging between the two sections, and while the Mississippi was being dyed 
 with the blood of our coun :ml win -n the war came to an end I was 
 truly astonished to know that the Union Pacific had been nearly completed 
 while the great striur,'le was t re between us. 
 
 This is a lesson that should be improved upon, and by the aid the Legisla- 
 ture has given, and the sure encouragement of the future, I expect to see this 
 1 work consummated. Think what Dallas will be twenty years from to- 
 if this great railroad is completed. There is no tongue that can depict to 
 the people in proper colors what this glorious region will be in twenty years 
 from the consummation of that grand work. We have the most magnificent 
 stretch of territory, and the most productive region on the continent. When 
 I say this, I speak it soberly, and only say what I believe to be true. [Cheers.] 
 only have we the productive capacity to supply the Old World with more 
 >n than has ever been raised before, but, if we had the labor, Texas alone 
 could produce more cotton than has been produced anywhere else in the world. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Take the fourteen, fifteen, or twenty counties surrounding us, and remember 
 that their wheat crops are now turning out and averaging from nineteen to forty- 
 three bushels to the acre. Think of it ! If all these fourteen, fifteen, or twenty 
 counties, were covered with waving wheat fields, or bending beneath the golden, 
 
70 
 
 ripening corn, they would produce enough food to supply almost the entire 
 civilized world, and we can contribute, perhaps, more to the support of life and 
 to the support of manufactures than any other people on this continent. 
 [Cheers.] Our lands will not only produce wheat, oats, corn, cotton, and to- 
 bacco, but are equally adapted to all the other cereals, vegetables, and fruits of 
 the earth. 
 
 Colonel Forney. How about the cattle ? 
 
 That is too larg a subject for me to talk about. It has been but a few days 
 since I was in St. Louis. The first ba- rel of new flour had just been shipped 
 there from Georgia. It sold for two hundred and fifty dollars ! And why ? 
 Because it was unexampled at this season of the year. Now, suppose we had 
 our connections with St. Louis, how many barrels could we have sent there long 
 before that barrel arrived from Georgia ? 
 
 While speaking of breadstuffs and cotton my friend, Colonel Forney, asked 
 me to say something about cattle. We annually send hundreds of thousands 
 to the North, across the country, and when the road is completed they will 
 arrive there in a far better condition than at present ; they are now driven a 
 great distance before being shipped. What a country is this ? The mind does 
 not exist that can conceive of the grand future that awaits the people of Texas, 
 if 'they go to work to develop its resources and labor to make it what it deserves. 
 It is not only the greatest in extent of territory, but the Empire State of the 
 Union in resources and in production. 
 
 Its mineral resources are undeveloped, but I feel certain that it possesses coal 
 and iron in abundance, and other precious minerals. In 1850 myself and some 
 other gentlemen started out in search of coal. I thought then that this road 
 would be located down towards Galveston. We knew that coal from Pennsyl- 
 vania was brought by mighty ships to New Orleans, and had to be transported 
 around the waters of the Gulf. I felt that if there was coal in Texas, such as 
 I had reason to believe there was upon the Brazos, its development would unfold 
 millions of wealth ; and when I look at the hills of Pennsylvania and see work- 
 ingmen delving into them and bringing forth immense masses of coal, I feel 
 that it needs but this Pacific Railroad to develop it in our own region. We 
 found specimens of coal on our expedition, and I know that it abounds some- 
 where in the region I have referred to, in large quantities. I think somewhere 
 in that section, also, is the great copper region laid down on the map of the treaty 
 made by Mr. Adams with the Spaniards in regard to New Mexico. 
 
 We brought with us specimens of copper ore from one of our expeditions, 
 and sent it to New York and Baltimore. We dug down some ten or twelve 
 feet, and secured some 1,600 pounds of ore. We drove a considerable distance 
 from the interior of the State, then carried it from Weatherford to Bryan, 
 nearly three hundred miles. It was sent to New York, from there to Balti- 
 more, was carefully analyzed by Mr. Swinson Rand, and notwithstanding the 
 expenses of transportation, it yielded a profit of one hundred and twenty-five 
 dollars. It also abounds in Palo Pinto county. It is near the line of the road. 
 Of the presence of silver and copper there can be no question. Traditions 
 among the Indians, and late explorations of the mountains of New Mexico 
 and along the Rio Grande, show that that is one of the richest silver rtgioas 
 on this continent. The development of these wonderful resources of wealth, 
 which will contribute not only to the greatness of Texas, but to the greatness 
 of our common country, depends upon the completion of the enterprise which 
 has brought us together to-night. 
 
 The subject is too grand for one mind to contemplate. It is one that requires 
 time and thought for preparation and condensation. There is too much to be 
 
71 
 
 said for one address, and I can only to-night refer to our capabilities in general 
 terms. Let us make up our minds to extend to emigrants from all sections, 
 whether from the 1'nitud States or from across the waters, a cordial greeting 
 and a (Jod speed in their undertakings, and by their aid we can develop the 
 r ivM.urees of our Umpire State. When I was in Philadelphia I went 
 with Colonel Forney to the depot of the Pennsylvania Central, and as I rolled 
 aluii^ through the mountains and valleys of the old Keystone, and saw the peo- 
 ple at work on many of their sterile hills, I thought of the grand future that 
 awaited my own loved and beautiful Texas if one-tenth the amount of energy 
 displayed in its development. I have been greatly impressed with his 
 tn the noble efforts of Jud^e Douglas in reserving liberal donations 
 of public lands fur the Illinois Central by means of which the waters of Lake 
 .Michigan, tin- Ohio, and the 3Ik-i i|.[>i have been connected together by one 
 ..iiini.. n ehain, and Illinois made one of the greatest States in the Union. 
 
 rioroiiirhly has his i n realized in that State ! 
 
 They ha\ in. ads there than we have stage routes in Texas, and yet 
 
 our want- an- far greater i 1 in addition to their railroads they 
 
 the Father of Waters on the one side, the Illinois river down from Lake 
 .MiehiiMii on the north, the W abash on the other side, and the blue waters of 
 the Ohio on the other the beM ition of almost any State of the 
 
 I Hion. M.I\V -trangely have the bounties of Providence been distributed. 
 II- re we are with all our wonderful resources and unexampled productions, and 
 
 within <ur borders. That being the case, I ask 
 
 when we shall hail the comple- 
 
 \as and 1 V, ,, Wl - eannot eonreive what it will do 
 
 I '"\ a>. \\ i compare o w with those of Illinois, our scarcity 
 
 of facilities f' md the benefits we will derive from 
 
 the e . >n>truetion ol '-itie, y.>u can form some idea of the bril- 
 
 liant flit un that a\vait> 
 
 1. t 10 our borders the emigrants of all civilized lands to aid in the 
 
 .pnient of the internal resources of Texas, and the picture will be too 
 
 : thf mind of man to contoinplat'-. 1 tru-t we shall all live to see the 
 
 railroad completed at the end of five year-, "r that the two sides of our conti- 
 
 n.-nt ma;. 1 by iron bands, and to this end it becomes the duty of every 
 
 citi/.eii to lend his best energies; so 1 bid you good night. [Applause.] 
 
 W 
 
 ORTH. 
 
 ANOTHER MEETING IN Tin: IN F THE TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAIL- 
 
 \\ n nn t .N. ni KA'.KMK.vr INTENDED TO TUB GRAND ENTERPRISE 
 
 BY THE PEOPLE OF TEXAS. 
 
 The party left Dallas at seven o'clock on the morning of Thursday, and after a 
 delightful ride across the prairie reached Fort Worth, forty miles distant, at five 
 oYluck in the afternoon. They were called upon by a number of the principal 
 citizens, all of whom were intensely interested in the construction of the Texas 
 and Pacific Railway. In the evening a meeting numerously attended was held 
 in the court-house. Colonel Nathaniel Terry was called to the chair, and said : 
 Fellow-citizens, allow me to introduce to your acquaintance Col. Thomas A. 
 
73 
 
 Scott, a gentleman of whom you have frequently heard, but perhaps never 
 before have had the pleasure of seeing. He will make a brief speech in regard 
 to the Texas and Pacific Railway. 
 
 Colonel Scotu was received with great applause and spoke as follows : 
 
 SPEECH OP COLONEL THOMAS A. SCOTT. 
 
 i r.K.MKN : I am here to-night on business connected with the construc- 
 tion of the Texas and Pacific Railway as its president. The question has been 
 asked of me more than a thousand times, whether the road will ever be built 
 or not. 
 
 I have said to a great many people, and I will say again to you to-night, 
 ur it to be built speedily and well. I may say 
 
 that within the next sixty days or ninety days certainly wo shall commence the 
 ; >n .f tli is line, and we expect to continue it until we reach the termi- 
 mi- ->n the Pacific. I may say that within two years from this date I hope we 
 i have both our lines concentrated and connected at this point as required 
 he laws of Texas. In order to carry out this work, we shall need the aid 
 and co-operation of all the people alon^ the line, and, so far as necessary, of the 
 people of Texas generally, because I believe it is a work of great interest to all 
 t them. So far as we have met the people of Texas, they have given us every 
 encouragement Wo have since our arrival been in company with several of 
 . inspected several > with a view to the erection of a 
 
 etc. 
 
 proposition m-i ttle modification, but they have given me as- 
 
 surance that the oil the town will take up the subject at once and give 
 
 us the ground we need, three hundred and twenty acres, in a locality that will 
 answer our purpose. For this I desire to thank the committee and the people 
 of Fort Worth. In connection with our work, our interests may require us 
 to establish shops at this point, and in regard to that matter I would like to 
 submit to th'- ip that question, and would ask 
 
 them for a donation of one hundred thousand dollars worth of bonds, the pro- 
 H of which shall be devoted entirely to the objects above stated that is, to 
 f a depot and shops and to constructing depots on the lines east 
 and west rnn ie county line, and also, north or east on the Trans-conti- 
 
 nental to the erection of shops, depots, and other facilities within the limits 
 of your own town. If that can be done, and you can act promptly on the 
 matter. I think we can say that the work will be very valuable to your town and 
 productive of great results to all your interests here. I should therefore like 
 very much if your people would take up the subject at an early day. If you 
 decide favorably it will un| !y be of great advantage to you. General 
 
 Dodge, chief engineer, is n- us, making arrangements for the purpose 
 
 of commencing work, and within ninety days you will hear from us in practical 
 shape. [Applause.] 
 
 The chairman then introduced Mr. J. W. Throckmorton, although he 
 scarcely considered it necessary, as ho was well known to the people of Texas. 
 
 SPEECH Or HON. J. W. THROCKMORTON. 
 
 MY FRIENDS: It has not been my fortune to meet with you since the late 
 unpleasantness, but, as Colonel Terry intimates, I guess the most of you are 
 acquainted with me, and I will not need much of an introduction. I feel, my 
 10 
 
74 
 
 fellow- citizens of Fort "Worth and of Tarrant county, that if there is any 
 locality for which I could exchange my old county of Collin, it would be for 
 yours, and I feel that if there is any town I could exchange for McKinney, it 
 is Fort Worth. I know many of the old settlers of Fort Worth ; some of them 
 I knew in boyhood, for at an early period in my life I was thrown a good deal 
 into this section of the country. I remember well, as I know the citizens of 
 this county will remember, how gladly we would greet the strangers who came 
 among us from the older sections of the Union. 
 
 I feel, as I have assured these gentlemen, that if they could take time to go 
 still further West and see the broad, rolling plains, and the waters of the Colo- 
 rado, they would meet with the same old-fashioned, hearty welcome extended 
 to us, and that we iised to extend in the olden times to those who came to try 
 their fortunes with us. I feel as I approach the frontier settlement that there 
 is that same feeling left in the hearts of our people. [Applause.] 
 
 I came before you to-night to talk to you in regard to a great project a pro- 
 ject which has earnestly engaged the mind, the genius, and the capacity of the 
 greatest men in the land. 
 
 It is true, my fellow-citizens, that, although other great routes of internal 
 improvement have been constructed in the sections far north of us, connecting 
 with iron ties the remotest civilizations, there are difficulties, my friends, sur- 
 rounding the project in connection with the one that you have to-night to con- 
 sider that were not encountered by those who undertook similar enterprises. 
 What are the difficulties ? The Federal Government extended bounties to 
 them, not only in the shape of lands, but from the National Treasury. Its 
 great and unimpaired credit was lavishly bestowed. So far as this great thor- 
 oughfare, connecting the Southern States with the Eastern, Middle, and North- 
 ern States, was concerned, and which binds together the people from the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific and yet to the proposed route across the fertile plains 
 of Texas, and through Arizona to the Pacific coast, the Government has not 
 seen fit to extend to this project more than the bounty of its public domain 
 through the Territories forty sections to the mile, and in the State of Califor- 
 nia twenty. 
 
 The Government could not control the State of Texas, but Texas in her own 
 munificence has declared emphatically in favor of this great project, and is de- 
 termined that it shall be completed to the Pacific, even though the power of 
 the Federal Government was not given to the work. [Applause.] I feel that 
 no greater object ever engaged the attention of statesmen than that of carrying 
 through this great work of international communication. I feel proud that I 
 have been able to contribute my humble mite to bring up to this period of 
 time the work thus far ; and the proudest moment of my life is that in which 
 Col. Scott assured us that the good work is at last to be commenced in real 
 and sincere earnestness, and that in two years the iron-horse will be heard 
 snorting his way across the plains and concentrating these two great roads in 
 your good old town, then connecting from Western plains to the Rio Grande, 
 and thence to the Pacific. And from what I know of the reputation sustained 
 by the gentleman, I feel that his assurance is given faithfully, to be relied upon, 
 and that the work will be completed as he told us it should be done. [Cheers.] 
 
 I told you that great works of internal improvement in the northern and 
 middle sections had been sustained and carried through by the credit of the 
 Government. It has been said by the State of Texas that they have given our 
 lands, but should the people amend the constitution then the public domain 
 (and here permit me to say that is a question we should not lose sight of) 
 that upon the coming election you are to say whether the Legislature should 
 
75 
 
 be clothed with the power to pay off the subsidies granted to the railway corn- 
 panics. 
 
 Your "Western lands are unsettled, and may remain the home of the savages 
 who have warred upon our country. The construction of this line will be the 
 
 test possible blessing for our people, and our constitution should be so 
 amended that the obligation entered upon in regard to railroad subsidies might 
 be diseharp-d in bonds instead of money. It is not necessary for me to 
 elaborate the r isons further than to say that if the bonds are granted the 
 people must insist upon their redemption at the end. of thirty years, but if lands 
 
 to bo !<>eaud in place of the bonds, you get rid of that amount of taxes, and 
 at the same time Heeure facilities to pour into our State large numbers of emi- 
 
 its who will settle upon all these lands, and reduced taxation will follow in 
 
 W, with the increase of our population, and that will more than make 
 
 up for the bounty of the State government to this great enterprise. [Applause.] 
 
 As you will observe, gentlemen, Col. Scott does not deal much in words, but 
 
 his hi>ti.ry and his reputation is that of a man of action. We have spent many 
 
 anxious hours of thought on this absorbing question, and I hail his coming 
 
 among us and the language of his speech as an evidence of his intention to 
 
 co-operate heartily in the great work before us. I believe a thousand times 
 
 more in action than words. In a few trite aud pointed sentences he clearly 
 
 states what h >[' this people, and what he expects to do in return. I 
 
 have not the capacity of a MI _: in a few short, pithy sentences the main 
 
 1 that you are placed to-day in the most enviable situation of any 
 
 county in this great State. 
 
 The erection of the machine-shops and depots that will be necessary for the 
 reception and transportation of supplies will have a magical effect upon the 
 growth of your m city, set upon a hill, and almost upon a mountain. 
 
 1 r these main shops were erected in }"ur midst, the sound of the hammer, the 
 anvil, and the saw, and the t' the steam engine will come thundering 
 
 over your plains, and thn-UL'h your valleys. Suppose you had a thousand 
 operators here, what would >rth be ten years from this time ? The 
 
 ination ean hardly depict it. You have the soil for producing cotton, corn, 
 wheat, oats, Irish potatoes, and everything necessary for the consumption of 
 mankind. You can rear upon your plains boundless quantities of meats to sup- 
 ply the hungry and needy throughout the breadth of the country, and enough 
 to send across the waters to feed the people there. To bring these things more 
 readily to market you must have commercial connections. 
 
 You want population, you want skilled mechanics, you want farmers and 
 artisans of every class, and you want miners to bring forth from the bowels of 
 the earth the treasures that are hidden there. If you have the machine shops 
 at this point, in a few years your population may number ten thousand. Now, 
 I ask if this is a fanciful picture if See the countless thousands of acres by 
 which you are surrounded. How productive and how useful they could be 
 made to contribute to the wants and necessities of the country. Why are they 
 useless ? Because we have not the labor to make this section produce accord- 
 ing to its capacity. We have not the people. They go to the crowded portions 
 of our Union ; and in the Eastern: States, look at their poor land, and barren 
 hills, where they earn their bread by the toil and sweat of the yeomanry and 
 their improved machinery, and they have continually to manure their lands in 
 order to obtain a reasonable crop. Do that which Colonel Scott has indicated 
 to you as his desire, and the trade from the Red river, Shreveport, the coal 
 regions, and the Palo Pinto will concentrate here, and diverge from this point 
 to the waters of the Gulf, pour into Gaiveston. and Houston, go to Fulton, con- 
 
76 
 
 nect with Memphis and Cairo, along the Mississippi to New Orleans, to Vicks- 
 burg, Cairo, and all the great arteries that permeate the far-distant regions of 
 the whole country. [Applause.] 
 
 Have you the capacity and can you meet the proposition Colonel Scott has 
 presented for your consideration ? It is to that point I desire to invite your 
 attention. He asked you for one hundred thousand dollars in the way of 
 bonds. "What is the taxable property upon the assessment lists of the county ? 
 I presume it is something less than two millions of dollars. Suppose it is one 
 million five hundred thousand dollars. I am quite sure it is more than that. 
 The statutes of your Legislature have permitted the people of Texas of any in- 
 corporated town to donate sums not to exceed ten per cent, of the fcaxable value 
 of the property of that county. You have perhaps twenty-four hundred voters, 
 and the tax which he asks you will have to distribute among them. It would 
 not be five dollars apiece it would be four dollars apiece if it were distributed 
 pro rata, but as a matter of course this would have to be upon the general 
 value of the property of the county. Five per cent, upon one million would 
 make fifty thousand dollars. I know you are alarmed about the taxes you have 
 been called upon by the authorities of the State to contribute for the purpose 
 of schools during the past year I believe one dollar and fifty cents upon 
 every hundred dollars' worth of property but we understand that that law is 
 not to be enforced during the coming year, and I trust that, long before the 
 period would arrive at which these bonds would issue, there would be a class 
 of men in your Legislature that would take hold of this question, and bring 
 it back somewhat nearer to the old standard that it was before the war. If 
 so the question of taxation would be so slight that it would be no burden 
 at all. 
 
 If you have a million five hundred thousand of taxable property, the very 
 moment the building of the railway becomes a fixed certainty and it is known 
 that it will be completed to this point within the time prescribed by law, you 
 will see that if our taxable property will be two millions, in another year it will 
 be three millions, and by the time the road is finished, instead of one million 
 five hundred thousand, you will have five millions of taxable property in the 
 county of Tarrant, and, as your population increases, doubles and trebles, the 
 burdens of taxation are lessened in proportion. Then your taxes will be so 
 light as not to be felt by a single citizen. The opportunity is presented of clos- 
 ing out this contract before Colonel Scott leaves here to-morrow morning and 
 returns to New York and presents his report to the executive committee, there 
 to be called together. And it will be determined then and there where these 
 machine shops shall be constructed. They must fix these things up at once, 
 and, let me say to you, that you should act promptly. I feel that I need not 
 show you what the future of Fort Worth would be and the advantages that 
 would follow to this entire section by securing the principal shops at this point. 
 These are self-evident facts that must strike the attention of every thinking 
 mind. I said this was one of the grandest works that ever engaged the atten- 
 tion of capitalists. There are those in the Northern States who believe that 
 we are still in a rebellious condition. They are greatly mistaken. We have 
 no desire to engage in another bloody struggle, and our Northern countrymen 
 now seem determined to forward this great work. I believe that no policy of 
 statesmanship could do so much towards binding together the people of all sec- 
 tions in perfect harmony. It will make each section mutually dependent upon 
 the other and I believe no more effective reconstruction policy could be adopted. 
 We have it in our power to help in this great work, and we will assure our 
 Northern brethren, when it is constructed, that there is no disloyalty to the 
 
7T 
 
 General Government in the hearts of the people of Texas, but that we feel 
 grateful to the National Congress for the aid extended to us. 
 
 However mighty the genius, no single mind can carry the work through to a 
 successful completion. There must be harmonious action. It is true that 
 Northern capital believes this will be a good investment. It is true that the 
 great commercial interests of our country will be benefited. It is true that 
 engineers have come to the conclusion that they cannot rely upon the Northern 
 routes, and that the climate and broad plains are greatly in our favor. Nature 
 
 Viessi'd us with peculiar facilities for the construction of a railroad to the 
 Pacific. Capital and commerce see and feel it. But however great the neces- 
 sity of such a thoroughfare, and however anxious Colonel Scott may be to see 
 it consummated within the next four years, he will need the active co-operation 
 of our citizens. It has been thought that if Colonel Scott would place himself 
 at the head of any great enterprise, that would be sufficient. I admire his 
 
 us and honor the intoll tn concentrate and control the energy and 
 
 iudu-try of the people, and bring to a successful conclusion such a mighty 
 project as that of connecting the Atlantic and Pacific by bands of iron, and it 
 
 o of the proudest reflections of my life that my name has been connected 
 with this road from the incipiency of its organization. I trust we shall all live 
 to see it finished, and that we shall have in Northern Texas such a population 
 as does not exist in any State in this Union, except New England. You have 
 
 I his proposition, and I tru*t )-u will consider it favorably and promptly. 
 Welcome emigrants from whatever quarter of the world with outstretched arms. 
 Do not hold your property at too high prices. Give them an opportunity to 
 invest and to help develop this country, and the picture of prosperity and great- 
 ness I have attempted to portray to-night will bo indeed realized. I thank you, 
 my fellow-citizens, for the kindness with which you have listened to me. 
 
 The chairman then introduced Colonel J. W. Forney, one of the directors of 
 the Texas and Pacific Railway. 
 
 SPEECH OF COLONEL J. W. FORNEY. 
 
 I wish, my friends, the thri rds of Governor Throckmorton, which 
 
 have just fallen from his lip-, could have been heard in Independence Hall, in 
 Philadelphia. I wi&h the people of that great city could have listened to his 
 patriotic exhortation, and then you would have had an opportunity of hearing 
 a characteristic prompt ami response. Much as I had heard of 
 
 Governor Throckmorton, and long and earnestly as I have admired him, I have 
 never more honored him than to-night. Not simply for the practical sugges- 
 tions he has made affecting your home interests, but for the fact that he has 
 invoked those better feelings which nm-t at last consolidate us and weld us into 
 one commoa and victorious brotherhood victorious, if I may be permitted to 
 say so, not in war, but victorious in the practical arts of peace victorious in 
 those higher virtues, those more enduring testimonials and elements of human 
 character. One portion of the Governor's remarks attracted my attention to 
 the Congressional history of the great work which is now to be initiated under 
 such favorable circumstances. Had the Texas and Pacific Company not been 
 itsrlf internally disturbed had it not been seeking for organization through 
 various conflicts and combinations had Colonel Scott been the first president of 
 the movement the liberal boupty of Congress, awarded first to the Union Pacific, 
 and afterwards so liberally to the Northern Pacific, would have been extended 
 to this great Southern line. When he was elected president he had to bear the 
 opprobrium and suspicion attached to other organizations, and it was believed 
 
78 
 
 that this largesse could not be repeated even in regard to so worthy and con- 
 summate an undertaking as that in which you are directly concerned. 
 
 For bear in mind that the first great idea enunciated by Jefferson Davis when 
 he reported several surveys made under his direction to Congress in 1855 was 
 the Texas and Pacific road. All the others were abandoned, first on account of 
 the climate and severe winter, and secondly, because at that period of time the 
 great treasures of the Pacific had scarcely been utilized, or perhaps had just 
 begun to be known to civilized man. And the statesmen of that day contem- 
 plated the Texas and Pacific as the only feasible route. Had, however, Colonel 
 Scott been the first president, bringing to Congress his fresh credit and his high 
 name, you would not have been the last to receive the public lands of the Gov- 
 ernment, but largely the -public treasure in the shape of credit; and when finally 
 every attempt to procure subsidies for other lines was rejected or postponed, or 
 so restricted as to render them useless, this work itself was brought before the 
 National Legislature, you will recollect the enthusiastic unanimity with which 
 the measure was passed. There were some obstacles around it, but when Colonel 
 Scott appeared the legislation was far more satisfactory under the circumstances 
 than could have been expected. He is now here to make good his promises and 
 reciprocate the generosity of his Government. I remember many years ago 
 reading a masterly speech of Mr. Benton of Missouri, when he predicted the 
 fruition of his own dreams in regard to the Pacific slope and the commerce of 
 the future, and with all his gorgeous imagery drew a picture which looked like 
 the picture of a visionary, but we are now in the. forefront of a future which 
 challenges the admiration of the civilized world. This future teaches a lesson 
 because it is not only a moral, but a political question. 
 
 So far as it affects the whole country, it settles forever the question of the 
 immutability and perpetuity of the American Government. It settles it because 
 the dissatisfied section does receive the encouragement, the bounty, and the 
 affection of the National Government. It settles it also in the fact that the 
 great Northern populace are waiting to come to you, are waiting to mingle with 
 you, and in my connection with the public press I shall now have an opportu- 
 nity to 4 something more than to advertise this great work than to spread 
 before the people, whom I most humbly represent, the pecuniary advantages of 
 it; to make a running history of this, to me, most gratifying and compensating 
 trip through your great Empire State. When I look abroad upon what I have 
 seen and reflect what I shall be called upon to write, I know how the hearts of 
 our people will throb at the plain, frank story I shall have to tell. They will 
 wonder at Colonel Scott's visit to your region at this period of the year. They 
 will wonder at his leaving his important duties to come among you, and they 
 will be attracted to a study of this question more effectually because he has 
 taken the initiative in a manner most satisfactory and decisive. I am in no 
 condition to speak to you at length upon this thing. We have now traversed 
 some three thousand miles to meet you. To-morrow we turn our steps home- 
 ward. We carry with us the most grateful recollection. Every step has been 
 marked by kindness, courtesy, and hospitality on the part of your people, and 
 your prompt and manly response to the equally prompt and manly appeals of 
 our president. Having said thus much, my friends, I respectfully bid you 
 good night. 
 
79 
 
 NEW PRLEANS. 
 
 LARGE RAILROAD MEETIN UK CHAMBER OF THE BOARD OP TRADE 
 IX NEW ORLEANS, JULY 4, 1872 THE TRADE THAT THE TEXAS AND 
 
 U".\l> WILL 
 
 A meeting was held at the Board of Trade on Thursday, the Fourth of July, 
 in the city of New Orleans, for the purpose of welcoming Col. Thomas A. Scott 
 and his party. The meetin_ -oly attended, and was organized at twelve 
 
 o'clock by Iv II. Summers, Esq., president of the Cotton Exchange, who said: 
 
 \\V have here assembled in this hull the representatives of the greatest com- 
 
 mercial interests in this portion of the country, to welcome to our midst the 
 
 .rest representative living of the railmad interest. I am happy to have the 
 
 pleasure of intro.ln.-in/ r.. you Col. Thomas V. Scott, who will make known to 
 
 you his view> in re-n-,1 to nilro.id ma! 
 
 \ SCOTT. 
 
 I am here to-day, gentlemen, by invitation of your committee, not to make a 
 speech, hut t" have a little t'riemlK talk on the subject of railroads railroads 
 that relate immediately to the intent --n of this city and the State of Louisiana. 
 For the last two or three weeks, accompanied by a committee of the board of 
 
 tore of the Texas and I'icinV Kailroad, consisting of Colonel Forney, Mr. 
 Walters, General Dodge (chief engineer), and others, I have been making a 
 tour Northeastern Texan, which is the location of the line intended 
 
 to be built through Texas, near the thirty-second parallel, and so on to the 
 
 tic coast at San hie-,., llavin.r mule this visit to Texas, the first time 
 in my life, never having heen in that re-ion of the world before, I will state to 
 
 very briefly the impressions made upon my mind in relation to that country, 
 notions, and its peculiar adaptability for the extension of railroad 
 tacili' 
 
 have all been very much surprised at finding a country capable of pro- 
 ducing all of the great staple-; to a degree of perfection that is remarkable. We 
 found then , \vithin a circuit of :i miles, as good wheat, as good corn, 
 
 as good tobacco, as good cotton, as good oats, and as much to the acre as I have 
 ever seen stand on the ground in any part of the world. I have no doubt that 
 the State of Texas can produce and will produce more of these great staples than 
 are now being produced to-day in all the balance of the United States. [ Cheers.] 
 M , object in eiiinin^ to this section was to look over the line of the Texas 
 and Pacific Railroad and to make arrangements for its construction, and for 
 this latter purpose I find we can readily obtain all we need a reasonably strong 
 population in numbers, active people, plenty of timber and water, and a good 
 natural loc it ion for the road; and with all these facilities, I will say that the 
 work is about to commence within the next two weeks from this time. Con- 
 tractors will be placed along the line due west, with a view to extending the 
 road directly through to San Diego and the Pacific ; and I think I may say to 
 the people of New Orleans that within the next six years I hope to be able to 
 take them through to San Diego, and perhaps San Francisco, on a train of cars 
 from their own city. [Cheer- ] 
 
 The Texas and Pacific Railroad starts from Shreveport on the one point, 
 Texarkana on the other, and these two lines, running in nearly a western 
 direction, will connect at a point known as Fort Worth, in Tarrant cpunty, 
 
so 
 
 Texas. "We started from Shreveport, the one end of the old Southern Pacific, 
 to the end of that road, and traveled thence by private conveyances over two 
 hundred miles of that country, every acre of which can be made to produce 
 as I have told you; and Texas can, in my opinion, unquestionably be made 
 the greatest State of this great Union. [Applaaee.] 
 
 We want in connection with this great enterprise as it progresses and 
 as it now undoubtedly will commercial prosperity. We want outlets to New 
 Orleans, to Yicksburg, to Memphis, to St. Louis, and to any other point that 
 will build a road to Shreveport, Texarkar,a, Jefferson, Marshall, or the vicinity 
 of either, or to any other point that will intersect with us. It strikes me that 
 your people are particularly interested in having a connection with these roads 
 now, as it would benefit you greatly. A connection with that great thorough- 
 fare, which will have five hundred miles completed within the next two years, 
 would be especially desirable ; and it is of the utmost importance to your com- 
 mercial interests. 
 
 You need a more reliable connection with Texas than by the Red river and 
 the Mississippi, and I think it is the duty of the people of New Orleans to take 
 up at once the subject of building a railroad to Shreveport to connect with the 
 Texas and Pacific. If you construct a line to Baton Rouge, or any other 
 that brings you nearer to our road, you will control a large amount of travel and 
 business that will make it eminently worthy of your consideration. It is not 
 necessary for me to dilate upon what the Texas and Pacific will be when it is 
 finished. I believe its route is well understood by the people of New Orleans. 
 In addition to Texas, it traverses parts of New Mexico and Arizona, and so on 
 to California. It will attract to your city a large share of the vast mineral 
 wealth of Old Mexico. Its importance cannot be over-estimated, and all the 
 work necessary for you, in order to derive great benefits therefrom, is the con-' 
 struction of a road between Shreveport and this city. [ Cheers.] 
 
 After leaving the line of the Texas and Pacific road we started from Dallas 
 and went down, via the Texas Central, to Austin, Houston, and Galveston ; then 
 by steamer to Brashear City and to New Orleans, via Louisiana and Texas Rail- 
 road. In all that country there is now developing a trade a large share of which 
 you shoul*d divert to your own city, and you can easily do so by constructing 
 two railroad lines one to Houston and one to GJ-alveston. 
 
 I want to impress upon you as strongly as I can the necessity of making 
 these roads, and particularly the road to Shreveport, or to aid organizations that 
 may be formed for such purposes. I do not want you to suppose that I am 
 particularly anxious to be concerned with them, but I do want you to take up 
 the subject, and I do say that I believe three hundred miles of road can be con- 
 structed at an expense of not exceeding ten millions of dollars, and it can \>e 
 done with the aid of two millions from your city and its great population, which 
 will put you in direct communication with all the facilities of the road extending 
 to the Pacific coast. [Applause.] 
 
 So far as the Texas and Pacific road is concerned, the question has been asked 
 me at least twenty times as to whether it was connected with Eastern lines, and 
 whether it would not tend to divert trade from New Orleans and other Southern 
 ports. In reply to which I state that it is not connected with any interest or 
 any line whatever. It stands a perfectly independent organization, and if the 
 people of New Orleans make a highway to it they shall have as good a chance 
 for its trade as any other people upon earth, and I should like to hear from 
 them on the subject at the earliest moment. We want New Orleans to build a 
 road to connect with the end of the Texas and Pacific, and to take a share of 
 that trade. Will you do so ? [Applause.] 
 
81 
 
 The chairman tthen said he had great pleasure in introducing Colonel J. W. 
 Forney, of Philadelphia. 
 
 SPEECH OF COL. JOHN W. FORNEY. 
 
 You have heard from Colonel Scott, whose words are always emphatic and 
 
 ;md, therefore, anything I might have to say must be simply an attempt to 
 
 ribe the effect pro ; n a Northern man as he passed through the 
 
 it empire o That hind was so entirely unknown to us that, as we 
 
 1, ii'.-\v revelations Mntly presented. It is a curious fact that 
 
 while we knew <"inethiai: l' Knirhnd, in the North, something of France and 
 
 my. \\c ku w virtually nothing of Texas. 
 
 \\ ' ha-1 ' ' T unmanageable difficulties, alike of climate, 
 
 of manners, and of p e moment we left here in the palace ship, 
 
 .1 mi -.1, ci.mmainl.'d by L"<>d Captain Pegram, until we sailed away 
 
 al.ui : tin? curious a T, and so passed over 66 miles of railroad, 
 
 IV.. in Sliivvrport to -iu-u from Long View to Fort Worth. We 
 
 nothing t' 'red information, and instruction, and dis- 
 
 i now, when it comes to my lot to return home 
 
 h what we saw, and what we " learned and 
 
 - I >h-i!iK t'rmi the beginning of the ta>k. 
 
 I have seen BO having l >ubted before, we shall hardly be 
 
 credi ,.f our journey is laid before our people. 
 
 [ Vppl.-uisc.] And there was no; - r ' l " to me, a quiet student 
 
 T in which the people had adjusted 
 ti of th-- titii''*, the cordiality with which they accepted 
 
 the .: h they were addressing themselves to the 
 
 life, and t lance of all the bitterness 1 of the past, than 
 
 ih. ir ci-orness to i :aore than halfway uiisMonuries, as we felt our- 
 
 selves, from the pt . headed by our young chief, bearing 
 
 with us n ip ; no promises but th'>se that were to be 
 
 fulfilled , no works but works of redemption ; no triumphs but those of civili- 
 [ Applause.] 
 
 H not only as ; -t only as brothers, but in the language 
 
 and in the spirit of that huii. T word, so loni; t' :md now to be restored, 
 
 it day wh anniversary of American Independence, 
 
 as A; in this marvelous empire, so rich in all the 
 
 gifts of a bounteous and bountiful IV \ ; lence, there was one painful thought 
 that the Crescent City, the Empress City of the South, was literally shut out 
 from w Orleans was unapproachable, except 
 
 tin Gulf or a tortuous Red river, which, however con- 
 
 we shall remember always as the most dilatory of streams. Therefore, 
 when rl. Se>tt comes to you to present a practical remedy by which you may 
 i easures, not only for your own trade, but that they may be re- 
 turned to you in generous reciprocity, may I be permitted to say that you ought 
 to accept this proposition and follow this counsel? And, may I be permitted, 
 furthermore, to say, that had such'an empire ! had such a storehouse of jewels 
 laid so near any great Northern city, they would not have waited as long not 
 half nor quarter as long, nor one-third as long as you have waited to avail 
 themselves of these incalculable riches. [Cheers.] I believe I have said my 
 say, except, gentlemen, to repeat how deeply we have been impressed by the 
 experience through which we have passed, and how glad we shall be to return 
 to our homes and to say, that here, in this great city seen by myself for the 
 11 
 
first time we have received an honest, old-fashioned Southern welcome [cheers] ; 
 and that, however divided among yourselves, however separated in these days 
 of mazy politics, when partisans are seeking for candidates, each man constitu- 
 ting himself a sort of Christopher Columbus, and doubtful whether the candidate 
 he intends to vote for is the right man torn as you are by local dissensions 
 disputing as you are among yourselves there is one common platform upon 
 which we can meet, and that is, the development of our resources, the utiliza- 
 tion of our wealth, and the restoration of peace between the two sections lately 
 divided. [Applause.] 
 
 The chairman then said : My friend, Colonel Scott, has told his story in a 
 few words, and if there is present a member of the Committee on Railroads 
 and Commerce, who can give us any information, we should like to hear from him. 
 
 In response to this 
 
 GENERAL BUSSEY 
 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 MY FRIENDS : I esteem this a very high compliment to be called upon to 
 follow what has been said by Colonel Scott and Colonel Forney. You are 
 aware that when it was announced a few months ago that Colonel Scott had 
 been elected president of the Texas and Pacific Railroad, whatever doubts had 
 existed in reference to the success of that enterprise were dispelled, and were 
 succeeded by a spirit of joy and confidence. 
 
 Colonel Scott has told us that he intended to build the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad. We know that he has never made promises that have not been ful- 
 filled. He has told us that he would like us to build a railroad from here to 
 Shreveport, and that that road will cost about ten millions of dollars. It seems 
 like an immense sum for a people to raise who were greatly impoverished by 
 the recent war and from the effects of which they are just now recovering; but 
 I think it should be realized if possible. There are valuable franchises almost 
 sufficient to build the road now lying idle in this State. They have been in the 
 market for three years. Numerous endeavors have unsuccessfully been made 
 to dispose of them, and but eight months remain before the charters expire. 
 
 What we want here, in these exciting political times, is to organize in the 
 city of New Orleans various institutions that will increase our facilities for 
 trade, business, and commerce ; and the inauguration of business and financial 
 measures on the proper basis will be the best solution for all our troubles. I 
 am sanguine enough to believe, although I have not had much experience in 
 such matters, that a railroad to Shreveport and another to Houston would be 
 worth fifty millions of dollars to the city of New Orleans in less than five years. 
 We do not have to pay down ten millions to secure such a thoroughfare. I 
 have seen roads built in the North and Northwest almost entirely without 
 capital. Lands were donated, the young men would turn out and grade the 
 tracks, and when the ground-work was once laid the rolling stock and capital 
 could easily be found to put it in operation. 
 
 My friend, General Dodge, chief engineer of the Texas and Pacific, and whom 
 I have met in days passed, and who it gives me pleasure to know is connected 
 with the great enterprise, brings to this work a practical experience learned in 
 a country where they have not a great deal of wealth, but an immense amount 
 of energy, and in his State of Iowa over two thousand miles of railroad are now 
 in operation, and there, gentlemen, they have not one dollar to bank on where 
 you have ten, and you see the result of their energy and perseverance. I will 
 not detain you to show how rapidly our commerce is increasing, and how much 
 more rapidly it would increase if we had a connection, with the Texas and 
 
83 
 
 Pacific- Railroad. This would bring to New Orleans an amount of trade that 
 would astonish the oldest inhabitant. 
 
 Foreign emigration would arrive at this point, aud, as Colonel Scott said last 
 would furni>h almost busiin-s enough to sustain the road to Shreve- 
 (>ort, and our steam lines to Hurope might rival those of New York. It is a 
 bubjeet well worthy our prompt consideration. We want to do something 
 practical at once. We should make it our business first to investigate the 
 charters i'or proposed railroads now in the market. Let us determine which is 
 the one best to take hold of and then place ourselves in communication with 
 Colonel Seott, who, I believe, .-tands ready to respond favorably and help us in 
 our enterjiii- :i In- has not said so. I have nothing more to say in 
 
 refer I am a new member, but, so far as I am 
 
 able, I am p-i -fectly willing iy whole length to accomplish the desired 
 
 conii"ction with the 'JYxa* and 1'acitic road. The tax upon our city would be 
 a mere 1- when we ivninnl.er that we would place ourselves in direct 
 
 e mmunie iri.H with all the outside civilized world, and would receive into our 
 lap th- country. 
 
 I belieye tip r Orleans to live for. She never had a 
 
 iter, pr-Mider future than she lay. Her tributary streams, her 
 
 -lim.it.-. and other !n-r the peer of others. Colonel Scott has 
 
 :ully in writing what we believe is essentially 
 
 forth thi> whole iailn:id ijiiestion 80 that we may have it in 
 
 ;i more tangii md when we are in possession of these facts we may act 
 
 in a manner wli'n-h may hrr -faetnry accomplishment of the object. 
 
 The chairman said if th.-re was any representative of the Mobile and Texas 
 whieh. 1 rood last spring, was to be extended to 
 
 Shreveport, they would be very glad to hear from him. There being no re- 
 Bponse, 
 
 again roee and Haid: ' I ha\e inferred from the remarks just made that the 
 imprc.-Mon may hav-- 1 ~ked the city of New Orleans i'or ten 
 
 milli did the road t > Shreveport. \Vhat I meant to say was, 
 
 that the entire work ou-ht to be built for ten millions, and I believe that if 
 New < Means vhoir : , and raise an amount not to ex- 
 
 ;\vo millions of dollars, the work can be constructed." 
 
 GENERAL IM 38BY. 
 
 ment has that two millions of dollars would be 
 
 , d from the e to aid in building the road between here 
 
 and E lesa than two per cent, on all the taxable property 
 
 in our city. Is there any business man or property-holder in the city of New 
 ( Means who is not willing to shoulder his part of that amount? Now, in order 
 tint we may h .\e something practical to work upon, I move that a committee 
 of tifty be appointed by the president of the meeting to permanently organize 
 this matter. 
 
 1 have onlv had a moment to think of it, and I do not know exactly what we 
 shall need ; but I now m >ve that a committee of fifty be appointed of the 
 l,uM' the city of New Orleans, to co-operate with the managers of 
 
 the Southern 1'aeiu'e Kailroad. 
 
 The motion was unanimously adopted, the committee appointed, and the 
 meeting adjourned amid great enthusiasm. 
 
84 
 
 JEXAS AS COMPARED ^ITH OTHER j$TATES AND TERRI- 
 TORIES IN THE JJNITED j^TATES. 
 
 THE follo\ring passages are taken from a recent publication by George H. Sweet, 
 the able editor of the TEXAS NEW YORKER : 
 
 Texas offers to the immigrant such superior advantages, that he is almost bewil- 
 dered at facts. 
 
 In point of a mild salubrious climate, none of the Northwestern States or Terri- 
 tories can for a moment be compared to Texas. In our State, stock of every 
 description run at large the whole year round, and never require any further care 
 from the proprietor than the small attention of marking and branding, and after 
 growth, collecting for the market. This remark is applicable to all kinds of stock, 
 excepting sheep and goats, which simply require the attention of a herder to keep 
 them from scattering. Where in the Northwestern States can this be done through- 
 out the year ? 
 
 The very choicest of lands can be had in Texas in large tracts suitable for 
 colonists, at from 50 cents to $1 per acre. In smaller tracts, situated near the lines 
 of completed railroads and in the midst of good neighbors, with ample mail and 
 telegraph facilities, good schools, churches and last but not least good local news- 
 papers, from $1 to $5 per acre. These lands may be purchased by men of small 
 means, who can arrange to pay one-third down, and the balance in one and two 
 years. Only think of the quality of these lauds, with a soil from two to twenty feet 
 in depth, and as black and rich as any of the best of Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, or 
 Minnesota prairies, yet at such low prices, on such easy terms of payment in a climate 
 unsurpassed for health, and where the winter is not much, if any, colder than the 
 autumn months in the Middle States, and then ask yourself where else can you lind 
 such golden opportunities ? 
 
 Then again, look at the immense variety of products which Texas raises with 
 which to enrich her population. Here corn, cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, wheat, 
 oats, barley, rye, millet, Hungarian grass, California clover, Chilian clover, Chinese 
 sugar-cane, and roots of all kinds, and nearly all the fruits of the temperate, besides 
 many of the tropical climates abound. Can any of the Northwestern States or Ter- 
 ritories make such a showing ? Most certainly not. 
 
 Another great advantage for the poor man in Texas, is this : No persons pretend 
 to fence up any lands except those in actual cultivation. If the poor man owns a 
 small tract upon which he lives, or if he merely rents it, there is no objection to his 
 stock grazing on all the boundless prairies besides. For all practical purposes the , 
 whole open country, for hundreds of miles around, is as much his as it is that of the 
 wealthiest man in the State. Of course, we do not pretend that this will always be 
 the case. But it is so now, and will be until the country is much more densely 
 populated than at present. There are to-day men in Texas, who own ten thousand 
 head of cattle, and yet do not own a foot of Texas real estate. No other State in 
 America offers such openings for a poor man a beginner in life. 
 
 In her great and daily increasing demand for railroads and manufacturing estab- 
 lishments, Texas offers a grand field to the capitalist. But to the poor man, her 
 fields are especially inviting. She is most emphatically the poor man's country. 
 
 Her climate is so soft and balmy, and withal so remarkably healthy, that he needs 
 but little money invested in a house no expense for fuel, and with reasonably 
 temperate habits, no doctor's bill to pay worthy of mention. 
 
 A few cows will supply him and his family with milk and butter. His poultry 
 of all 'kinds, once started, will provide for itself from one year's end to another. 
 His pork will thrive throughout the spring and summer, by feeding on the roots and 
 grasses which grow spontaneously, and will fatten finely on the fall mast crop, 
 which falls from the oak, hickory, and pecan trees. 
 
 A_s for his beef and mutton, it costs him almost nothing for it too is growing 
 while he is sleeping, and it is fed solely, on nature's bright green grass. 
 
 His bread and garden vegetables ; his melons, berries, grapes, peaches, pears, 
 
 Elums, nectarines, figs, and fruits of nearly all varieties only think of the time he 
 as to grow them in. 
 No wonder that the poor man, who has been raised up amid the dense population 
 
K 
 
 the Xorth, where competition in everything is great, and where 
 
 lu: has toiled all his lii. start, ami \et tiuds himself just about where he 
 
 nly older, grayer and more rheumatic, is fairly bewildered when a 
 
 trut :. una of Texas is placed In-fore him. He thinks it impossible that a 
 
 omul vy ollering him sueli creature comforts for such small considerations, could 
 
 ill this time and he never have learned the fact before. But as the 
 
 ,.a\ hi', 3 true as p reach ing/' DHDCTOft LJUbTttHl 
 
 f tin? poor man \\ill go t.. 'id toil in that country as he does In the 
 
 t rn. Middle, or Northv.v-, -, in live years ho will be well oil' for worldly 
 
 la, and in ; 8 will be rich enough to read, study, rest, meditate or travel 
 
 . his life. Tli ; : >t denied by any one who pretends to know 
 
 ling of the manifold resources which Texas possesses ami oilers to the poor man. 
 
 j^OOR JA.EN. j^AYE poNE JR.A1SING STOCK IN TEXAS, 
 
 !<-al illusi : a in point. Take tl:, Mr. John 
 
 wli>- . which contains lift y or sixty thousand 
 
 three hundred horses. This cattle prince markets ten thousand 
 
 annually, which, at the low price of $10 per head, nets him an annual 
 
 Tennessee, but selling his land and going 
 to i! in getting together sixty cows and 
 
 -illy $5 per head, are worth about. 
 t wo years old. In the prime 
 
 inhood \\ith a foil uno for himself and family, the whole world 
 
 1 ample means t aoiee the work only often years. 
 
 >hn II. U i, ll.-l'ni'jo Co., Texas, was 
 
 ; k. He was a painter by occupation. 
 
 N ! man to become prosperous, 
 
 iich and hap; .ide up his mind to immigrate to Texas did so in ls|.">. 
 
 lie M use enough money to purchase lil'teen -o\\s 
 
 , . a quiet way, lived easily and 
 
 :k worth $200,000. 
 still a tl. not wanting, and facts and ligures arc 
 
 A la: ,icript> under the caption of " Prolits of stock 
 
 at)\v intl. at here, a gentleman who commeiK-ed in 1^', j 
 
 rly at $7."), 000, and expects, 
 
 and rcasonabl , i.tke at lejist $7-"i,<)00 or $80,000 within two years out of his 
 
 ase their \ ';se.'' 
 
 , which is of such recent date that we cannot 
 - 
 
 Pan-ant Co., Texas, was at the close of our late 
 
 r man. lie comm> utle for his uncle, John Peavler, at $15 
 
 nuMith and continued in his i rviee for the above wages during one 
 
 re season. At the close of 1. incut, he purchased 'JOO head of cattle 
 
 lit ; a portion of this stock he drove to New Mexico and 
 
 ; netted him a handsome profit, and enabled 
 
 '.uirgo the m.isi ot 1 -11 to his uncle. 
 
 : :med persfveriugly to raise stock on his own Ranch; to 
 
 uid to ilrive ami sell, alu ^ing his business with judgment, energy, and 
 
 f >hrewdness. The result is, that i "-day, say in a period of between live and 
 
 ;ii, working for wages at $15 per month, to 
 bo a man worth over s-j."i),oiM) ; and this is no exaggerated statement. 
 
 icep farming in Texas several years ago, when the lamented Col. 
 
 I well, and the writer hereof was one of the 
 
 publishers ot the San Antonio Herald, wo remember of giving to the 'public a 
 
86 
 
 statement of the sheep husbandry iu "Western Texas, as actually experienced and 
 conducted by Col. Kendall, who was the father of this noble industry in our State. 
 
 The substance of the statement was to this effect : that Col. K. had taken a llock 
 of sheep worth $4,000, and, by proper attention and care in the management of his 
 herds, they had so increased and improved as to be worth $40,000 in four years. 
 
 The business of raising horses or mules is, perhaps, even more profitable than that 
 of either cattle or sheep. But it requires more capital to commence with. 
 
 J^ARMING IN J 
 
 ARMING IN EXAS. 
 
 In relation to cultivating the soil of Texas we are permitted to relate the follow- 
 ing, as it was related to us by Mr. R. P. Snelling, of Bremond, Robertson County, 
 Texas. It is nothing but a common occurrence, and we only relate it because it 
 came under our personal observation. 
 
 Mr. Snelling' s farm is about a mile and a half from the town of Breraond, on the 
 Houston and Texas Central Railroad. 
 
 Last February he sowed broadcast ten acres iu the common white oats, giving 
 about two bushels of seed to the acre the seed being cast on top of the ground 
 previous to plowing, where corn had been raised the previous year ; they were then 
 plowed in and harrowed off with a common four-corner drag. The crop was 
 harvested in June, '71, and yielded over two tons of oats and straw to the acre, and 
 was sold immediately as forage for working animals, at $30 per ton. or $00 per acre. 
 
 The cost of seed and cultivation was about $10 per acre, giving a net yield of $50 
 per acre, or $500 for the field. 
 
 On this same farm, which is only an ordinary piece of land, Mr. S. cultivated last 
 year ( 1870 130 acres in corn. The crop was planted and cultivated with a single 
 horse plow. From the field Mr. Siielliug gathered and sold $2,700 worth of corn, 
 besides saving enough for his own use. So soon as the corn was out of the way, he 
 gathered from the same land, where it grew. $750 worth of crab-grass hay, thus 
 realizing in actual money from his 150 acres, $:i.450. The expense of cultivating 
 the corn crop and gathering the hay was fully offset by the returns of other articles 
 produced on the place during the" period of time when the corn crop required 
 no attention. 
 
 A single acre of this land yielded in the same year, 3, GOO pounds of seed cotton. 
 Cabbage heads grew to weigh from 18 to 22 pounds to the head, the large flat Dutch 
 variety. Water melons from 40 to 48 pounds. One Spanish sweet potato of the 
 small variety, grew to be 22 inches in length. 
 
 We do not wish it to be understood that these results were obtained on our best 
 soils. Far from it. The laud is nothing but average upland. 
 
 We know of an instance where, since the war, one white man and two colored 
 made a crop of cotton which sold for $6,000 in gold, and the corn which they raised 
 on the same place more than paid for all of their sundry expenses in growing the 
 cotton. 
 
 If poor immigrants who go to Texas are not able to buy lands, they can always 
 rent and work on shares the proprietor furnishing everything, or each furnishing 
 one-half, as the parties may contract. 
 
 Now, the above are some of the advantages which we claim for a poor man in 
 Texas, and all of which he cannot aggregate in any other State or Territory iu the 
 Union or the known world. 
 
 In all the large cities of the North thousands, tens of thousands, and, in New 
 York city, at least one hundred thousand of poor hard-working men, are almost 
 paupers at the approach of cold weather. They struggle at their trades, or as day- 
 laborers their wives take in sewing, or go out house-cleaning by the day. Their 
 sons job a little here and there, and return home with their scanty pittance. Their 
 daughters are placed in some kind of factory, and away up in some loft, or back on 
 .some narrow, liithy alley, they toil away during ten long, weary hours for a scanty 
 recompense. At night the family congregate in their foul tenement-house home, to 
 eat unhealthy food, poorly cooked, and scantily provided. The members of the 
 family retire to poor beds, where they breathe poisoned airs and shiver out the 
 night. The children are raised in ignorance of the common school and the Sunday 
 school. Profanity, poverty, rags, rum, and crimes not fit to name, surround them. 
 What wonder that they end a short earthly existence in the penitentiary or on the 
 
87 
 
 gallows. What wonder that suicides and crimes of all names seem on the increase 
 in this metropolis of great wealth and great poverty the devil's play-ground. 
 
 H.w much better for all concerned, if this 100,000 persons could be placed in 
 
 . hrcat In- lu-r pun- airs and till her virgin soils. In the twinkling of an eye, 
 
 \\cre. th.-y v.oiiM be made happy. In sixty days they would have entered 
 
 upon a fairer career of prosperity, and in one year they might ewii the nest-egg of a 
 
 little fortune all, too. with good health, elastic spirits and greatly improved morals. 
 
 \VouM that \ve had an Immigrants 1 Aid Society, or some other effectual means of 
 
 helping these people to Texas, when- they could so soon help themselves to the 
 
 ordinary comforts of life. 
 
 Tin- rural districts..!' the F.astern and Middle States also contain thousands of 
 I ..... i men with large families not so p. .or, to be sure, as those in the cities but too 
 
 I ..... i t ..... .\n either house-; or lands in 1 1 H- Stat >-x where they live, who, if they would 
 
 luit migrate t.. I. . ould BOOH pOSft 88 l>oth In >uses and lands, and yet not toil 
 more than half as hard i". Should any of these persons chance to 
 
 penis.- tin. statement they will scarcely credit all the force of the facts; but, if 
 they will go and ; tor themselves, they will, perhaps, believe their own 
 
 _ 
 
 TEXAS VIEWED UNDER HEI\ SEVERAL SUB-DIVISIONS. 
 
 If a m. in d .- in the business of getting out lumber he- does not go 
 
 into a piaiiie country to carry out his plans. If lie desires to engage in mining, 
 
 :.eialdi>n :i"iild the immigrant to Texas go into that, 
 
 the industries he desires to engage in. 
 
 ilmost any industry while others are more 
 
 ular pur- 
 
 . -in'ii-h t- take up every county in Texas, and describe 
 
 it in detail, lor thec-m* ftlie public, we propose to speak of the several 
 
 count ie> |. u nt 1\. \\ hidi compose certain di-: i icts in the Slate, and which the reader 
 will hear in mind are as large or much larger than the State or Territory in which 
 lie nou It ^__ _ 
 
 ^ASTERN TEXAS PR THAT ^ORTION OF THE ^TATE JAST 
 OF THE JRINITY JR.IYER. 
 
 .ing the map will sec that the Trinity River empties into 
 
 upper end of the same from that, point its source is in a 
 
 noi ; nches rising hut a short distance south of 
 
 :he Indian "ranch and the main stream may 
 
 the \\ . -.tern l.oiin< : -f a district of country larger than the 
 
 wh|c .enience, sake, is called Eastern Texas. 
 
 All of this portion .-;, ting a few of the most Nort hern counties, is 
 
 ilv timl.ci into the lumber business should settle 
 
 here. ' The lumber i> principally pine yellow), cypress, red oak, white oak, black 
 
 . boi* de arc, live oak, hick. ; \ with some cedar and other varieties. 
 
 Dinging in the saw-mill business is, in our opinion, 
 
 m the hanks of the Trinit\. ->aline, Angelina, and San Jacinto rivers. 
 
 Dm ins of the \ ear tin liimUT might be rafted down to the mills to 
 
 .nta-e. where it could be readily sawed and easily shipped to market in 
 
 ..n, Houston, and any of the points situated on the line of the 
 
 Houston and Texas Central U. K., which passes principally through a prairie country, 
 
 and where lumber i- in i'"od demand at tine prices. 
 
 Hut we do not wish the infer that, because Eastern Texas is a good 
 
 timbered country, it is not a good farming country. Far from it. Some as good 
 lam ! >:md here. But as a rule, prairie lands are scarce 
 
 and timber abounds hence the farmer will have to perform the labor of clear- 
 u bef-.re lie can proceed with planting. 
 The coast p>rt ion of this district is principally a prairie country, and well adapted 
 
 t< the u'lowth of rice, tobacco, sugar, corn, and Sea-Island cotton. 
 
 .lit. here, it maybe proper to give the following extract from the Texas 
 i ho production of Sea-Island cotton in Texas. 
 
CENTRAL JEXAS OR THE jDoUNTRY JOYING BETWEEN THE 
 
 TRINITY AND COLORADO RIVERS, 
 
 Everything considered, we suppose the palm must be awarded to Central Texas, 
 that is'to say it is a country, or a part of the State, in which an immigrant can 
 settle, and determine what he will do after he has settled. It is a district of country 
 offering so many natural resources, that an intelligent, industrious man can almost 
 attempt what he pleases, and be successful at it. If he does not succeed well in 
 one pursuit, he can turn his attention to another, and by a successful revolution of 
 the wheel of fortune, get rich without so much as changing his place of habitation. 
 
 All of the streams and river bottoms abound in valuable timber, suitable for 
 building, fencing and fuel. Splendid rock quarries also abound, and crop out along 
 the margins of the streams yet, in almost any direction which the eye may glance, 
 a few miles miles away from the principle rivers which traverse it, lovely prairies, 
 carpeted with emerald grasses and sweet with the aroma of a thousand different 
 flowers, and dotted with groves of live-oak here and there, continually greet the vision. 
 
 This broad expanse of territory has a coast country stretching from Gah 
 Bay, to and inclusive of a portion of Matagorda Bay. The wonderfully rich 
 chocolate soils of the Brazos, stretch through its very heart, constituting a back- 
 bone of real estate, so fertile and varied in its productions, that were ten millions of 
 people to-day settled upon its almost inexhaustible lands, they would all thrive and 
 enjoy ample* elbow room. Here farming, stock-raising, fruit-growing and manu- 
 facturing, with other pursuits, may all prosper, each little neighborhood supplying 
 all the local facilities for success. For instance a man of small means wishes to 
 grow some corn, some cotton, some wheat, rye, oats, Hungarian grass, millet, 
 Chilian clover, California clover, all kinds of garden vegetables and fruits, as well 
 as raise more or less cattle, horses, mules, sheep, goats, swine and poultry ; right in 
 this part of Texas, he can readily combine all of the resources on one farm to 
 operate with. There are numerous localities in all parts or districts of Texas where 
 this may also be done but they are not so plentiful as in Central Texas. 
 
 This portion of Texas is also, at present, best developed by railroads. It is also 
 well watered, although the water is known as limestone water. The soil in the 
 river bottoms or valleys is alluvial, and as rich as the poet's fancy of the Nile. The 
 Colorado and its tributaries supply many never-failing water-powers. 
 
 The prairie soil is nearly all of the same quality, being black, waxy and very pro- 
 ductive. It is a limy soil, with a gray clay subsoil. 
 
 Nearly all the sugar now raised in Texas is produced in the counties of Brazoria, 
 Matagorda, Fort Bend, and Wharton, lying on the coast portion of this district of 
 the State. 
 
 The Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad ( 50 miles completed and oper- 
 ating), is in this district. Also the Houston and Texas Central Roailroad, now 
 running from Houston to Corsicana, in Navarro county ( 210 miles), and pushing 
 ahead rapidly towards Preston, on Red river. Its Western Branch, from Houston 
 to Austin, on the banks of the Colorado ( 160 miles), will be completed and opened 
 to the public before Christmas next. The Houston and Brazoria Railroad, from 
 Houston to Columbia, on the Brazos (50 miles i, is now running in this district. 
 The Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railroad ( now operating 84 miles), 
 is also in this locality. The International Railroad one of the grandest enterpi 
 of the day, and of which we shall speak more fully elsewhere, traverses Central 
 Texas in a direction from northeast to southwest, and will, in a few weeks more, 
 complete and open to travel and commerce, nearly a hundred miles in this central 
 district. The Houston and Great Northern Railroad, will also swell the number of 
 miles of completed railroad track in Central Texas, from Houston to the Trinity 
 river ( 87 miles), very shortly. 
 
 Thus it will be seen, that while Central Texas combines as great a variety of sub- 
 stantial material advantages as other portions of the State, it has also been more 
 fortunate in receiving the attention of the railroad men of the country, and in this 
 particular has a most decided start over all other districts. 
 
 Many of the most reliable cereal lands in Texas are found in the upper counties 
 of this sub-division. It is decidedly the best wheat-growing portion of the State. 
 
 As regards the salubrity of its climate, it is hard to surpass but if it can be beaten, 
 it is only Western Texas that can beat it. 
 
89 
 
 JEXAS OR THE COUNTRY BETWEEN THE COLO- 
 RADO AND j^io 
 
 Here is the pool's and painters' fa <m ideal of a, country a country full of romance 
 
 ami historic legends, with picturesque- streams and landscape jewels existing- in 
 
 multitudinous forms and nun country rich in agricultural resources, and 
 
 il anywhere in the wide world, as a cattle, horse, mule and sheep- 
 
 iaisin-_r country. 
 
 Mien-M-. Its principal water courses are the Colorado, Guadalupe, 
 
 \ntoni.i. Nurd--, and Rio (rrande. with such smaller but perpectly lovely little 
 
 flu- S;ui Marcus, ('oinal, H'anco, Medina, San Saba, Rio Llano, and Rio 
 
 .' many other still lessi r ones too numerous to name here. 
 
 ThU te homo of the honest, hardy, money-making 
 
 i graze upon a "thousand hills," with 
 afraid." While there are many other portions of Texas 
 i be m ido very profitable, there are none at all in which all 
 the :i.i in Western Texas. 
 
 Tin- central porlio;. is regarded as the best sheep country in 
 
 high rolling country, supplied with an abundance of 
 
 IP ripplin_- tss. The sheep are very fat, 
 
 ' the mild climate the herders are very suc- 
 
 il in raising the Ian. !' loss being almost nothing. 
 
 .ivishingly beautiful, and the lands 
 
 un- ; 'ihty. 1: . That nearly all of the lands in 
 
 t the northwestern portion, are very rich 
 v prairie variety, mixed here and 
 
 :ily drawback.^ -ful fanning are the occasional 
 
 i-Dins with which to supply irrigation, 
 
 best of always made. Time will develop 
 
 exas. 
 
 < )f th in this district of Texas it is almost 
 
 ini). tlu'iinim >nrn an idea. \Ve suppose that tliis part of Texas 
 
 illion head of cattle, to say nothing of 
 Hi swinr, which also abound. 
 
 If all the horn vere past ured ii])ou these broad sa- 
 
 vanna > >f nuti itions \f. - //v grass, we are of the opinion that they would lind ample 
 
 another ; and this appears to be the best form of 
 >jt to cotiNcv something of a practical idea of the im- 
 . e> which . K -ern Texas pastures. 
 
 :t, against Texas beef. We simply 
 
 tell t \ .as beef. A man who eats a 
 
 or six months to market, or what, is worse still, 
 
 shipped in sin; \ daysi/i route to market, and starved and fretted 
 
 all tho time, h , beef than if there were no such article. 
 
 \Vh\ . nighter-h. Western Texas, better meat is thrown away 
 
 Of given to the dogi and hogs than a majority of the people in New York and 
 
 >ne man, Miftlin Kenody, in this part of Texas, slaughtered ne.irly 
 
 -i their hides, i illow. This seems like a great sin, when we 
 
 thin' N"irth, but there was no way of getting this Texas 
 
 :nto Northern mai 1 . n properly cooked, we have time and again eaten 
 
 i that we thon :nd more tender and juicy. than spring 
 
 and when a way shall have been provided, as will be the case after the 
 
 International Rail mad rates this great cattle district, by which Texas 
 
 emerald grasses and crystal streams which here abound, can 
 
 hepi 'them e] shall have no fears of their judgment on 
 
 they would, like us, pronounce it equal to 
 
 the Ix-st in the world. This is a consummation most devoutly to be wished for. 
 
 money for their beef, and the whole North want more beef for 
 
 theii The International Railroad, which will unite Western Texas and 
 
 New York 'city. :ilm.-xt in an air line, will be completed inside of the next three or 
 
 four then. New Yorkers and Hubites, you can enjoy your " Porter House 
 
 12 
 
90 
 
 steaks" at fifteen cents per pound ; and Texans, your " six year olds" will be worth, 
 at home, at least from $30 to $45 per head. Refrigerating steamships may also do 
 this work. 
 
 The salubrity of the climate in Western Texas is not equaled by any other part 
 of the State. It is an odd joke among the inhabitants, that "no new town can ever 
 start a graveyard without importing a corps from some Northern potters' field." 
 
 Extreme heat or cold are seldom met with throughout the year. The Gulf 
 breezes prevail day and niorht, and the nights supply the most refreshing slumbers 
 that even a Rip Van Winkle could aspire to. 
 
 Consumptives and all pulmonary sym 1 toms are cured by the pure airs of 
 Western Texas, if the afflicted ones -will only go there in time. You will need no 
 drugs and no doctors. It is true that in the towns and cities of this district, doctors 
 exist and make a living, but in these localities many people contract habits of 
 dissipation which send them to the doctor. But in all of our personal acquaintance 
 in Western Texas, after a residence there of many years, we don't know of a single 
 rural neighborhood where a physician resides who makes a living by practicing 
 his profession alone. 
 
 A gentleman of veracity who lived in Blanco county once wrote to a friend that 
 there was but one doctor within twenty-five miles of his house, and, said the writer, 
 "he has to make a living by tending a saw-mill." 
 
 The whole Gulf coast of Texas is beautifully indented with charming bays, 
 which literally swarm with the choicest offish, oysters and turtle some of the last 
 named of which will weigh from six hundred to a thousand pounds. 
 
 Western Texas is particularly fortunate in the possession of its beautiful rivers 
 and fine water powers and its lovely bays and inlets. Here may be found all the 
 wild aquatic fowls of the temperate and semi-tropical zones. 
 
 With anything like a thorough system of agriculture we believe that a large 
 majority of the season would produce good crops of corn, cotton and garden vege- 
 tables, in most of the country south of San Antonio ; while the country around San 
 Antonio and north of it, owing to its elevation, is a very reliable district for such 
 grains as wheat, oats, rye, barley and millet, as well as corn and cotton. 
 
 Most fruits, except apples, do well here, and there are some very fair apples 
 raised in San Antonio. The average annual fall of rain is from twenty-eight to 
 thirty odd inches of solid water. This is more, much more than is needed to make 
 a crop, if it only came just when the growing plants required it. Where irrigation 
 is resorted to, two crops a year are commonly produced. In Western Texas the 
 Castor bean is indigenous to the soil. Chinese sugar-cane grows everywhere when 
 once planted. 
 
 Indianola is the principal shipping port ; though Lavaca, Rockport, Corpus 
 Christi, and Brazos Santiago are also very good ports and maintain a regular com- 
 merce with the outside world. 
 
 The expenditure of a few hundred thousand dollars to open the sand bars which 
 obstruct the entrance to the harbors, would make any and all the points named 
 good average seaports. 
 
 It is believed that very rich mines of coal, copper, lead and silver exist in this 
 district. Good coal has been discovered in a number of places. Only very 
 recently, Professor Roessler discovered excellent bituminous coal in the counties of 
 Erath, Eastland and Palo Pinto, which are situated directly north of San Antonio. 
 These deposits are eleven feet in thickness and of many miles in extent. 
 
 The same gentleman has also found ample indications of vast iron ore deposits 
 in many counties in Central and Eastern Texas. These mines were worked very 
 successfully during the late war. 
 
 In Llano county, situated only about 100 miles north of San Antonio, Professor 
 Roessler, in company with Mr. Lockhart, a citizen of Llano county, visited a re- 
 cently-discovered argentiferous lead mine, with a two-foot vein, which yielded over 
 $300 of silver to the ton of ore. Mr. L. is the original discoverer of this great source 
 of wealth only a few months since. It is on the headwaters of Babyhead Creek, 
 ten miles north of the town of Llano. A company is being formed to work it. 
 
 The railroad interests of Western Texas are now springing actively into life 
 for the first time since the close of the late war. Under this head and in connec- 
 
91 
 
 tin with tlu- growth, prosperity and resources of Western Texas, the ludianola 
 
 in. -i\rs the following able article : 
 
 TllXAB AND THE GULF WESTERN TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILROAD. 
 
 This important railway that is now in successful operation as far as Victoria is 
 attracting IIIOM- at tent ion t ban is geiiei ally supposed. With its terminus at ImUanola, 
 the be>i. 1>K>, and by far tin- safest harbor ami seaport on the Gulf coast, 
 
 with a bar at the entrance susceptible of being deepened several feet and otherwise 
 improved at a comparat i\ ely small out lay, when the magnitude- and importance of 
 tin- work U considered, renders our locality and position the object of inueh speeu- 
 lation and thought among capitalist* and other enterprising and far-seeing men in- 
 and prospi-iiiy of all that region of Texas lying west of 
 
 the Colorado, e\i ending to the Rk> Grande river its Western boundary embrac- 
 ing '.vithin its -untry of the greatest fertility and productiveness, 
 
 il.l.- of supporting twenty millions ..f human brings. 
 
 All t! ut >parsely populated, because of the want of 
 
 art iticial roads ; audit isonl; I hat railroads and other internal improve- 
 
 nn-ir olio of the results of these enterprises is the con- 
 
 :ion of the Gu .d 1'at ilic Railway. 
 
 The i 'iiiplction to San Antonio and Austin is very aus- 
 
 -OHM nictiou westward are now agitating the 
 
 t" all the ute, who arc deeply interested in 
 
 
 
 uthe principal towns and cities of the west, 
 us tendered to the dilVcrent, counties to take 
 
 Mo-i. ids of the various counties interested, thus 
 
 controlling its main interests by the 
 
 ; id directors of tin- road. Austin and 
 
 .aterested in the progression of this railroad, the route 
 
 ' st and m -.quently, the cheapest to the Gulf 
 
 MI one hundred mile ; > their important 
 
 thin t"' construction and rolling stock of 
 
 AM milli"n<of doll . s.iving iu the cost of freight. 
 
 :his road is .in important one. not only to the interest, of Western 
 iig the nearest and most accessible route across 
 
 the conr.neiit to tli, the distance not being much over one thousand 
 
 mil. ,eii liundred miles to the best harbors 
 
 on the Gulfof ' from Imlianola, to which point s t he road in its connection 
 
 must tilt imate: ;.! easy t ravel of very little over twenty-four 
 
 houi of thirty miles per hour 
 
 !. Then again the climate, mild and salubrious the year round, jjives it at once 
 
 tin- outf of several days durat ion t hrou^h the 
 
 . and othei lin-;, rendering delays dangerous, and 
 
 i long and vexation who love safety and comfort in railroad travel. 
 
 The rapid ffl of the road will at once populate the county with an in- 
 
 d-.i-st: ial. .1-1 [cultural and pastoral population, whose united efforts and productions 
 
 mu>t lind an out ::kct from this port. 
 
 Railroads till up a country, i ts productions and create business and 
 
 manufa.-tiire-. and otherwise enhance all kinds of industries. Western Texas by 
 virtu- :tile soil>, tin.- running . -uitablt? for innumerable mills and 
 
 in in : \ahle dex-ription, is yet a wilderness, and only needs 
 
 railroads lor its p '.amis to teem with a hardy and enterprising people. 
 
 cottons am . wheat, rye, oats, the sugars, the fruits, the meats 
 
 rhe natural pa>tur r with other innumerable productions, not forget- 
 
 ting the quarries of marble and stone, tlm silver, copper, coal and iron ores that 
 abound in profusion and only need a railroad transportation and enterprise to de- 
 velop all combined are produced in We- tern Texas, constituting it a world in itself, 
 with dilVerent Boils, temperatures, and consequently varied agriculture, making al- 
 iier one of t!n tl.le countries in which to dwell in the known world. 
 
 Fin- . temperate climate, health and long life are the main attributes of 
 
 Texas. Labor requires tion than any other country; a poor mail with 
 
92 
 
 small means soon becomes independent by the use of proper industry and thrift, 
 which, together with social refinement and strict morality of character of the main 
 portion of its citizens, and the love of schools and churches, makes the land of 
 - equal, nay, superior to all others on the face of the earth. 
 
 The completion of the Gulf, Western Texas Railroad will develop its resources 
 and production!! to its fullest extent, making it the rithest country in the world in 
 proportion to its extensive limits. 
 
 Is it any wonder, then, that so much interest should be taken in the construction 
 of this important thoroughfare, that is to connect over the shortest and most 
 feasible route with the greatest highway of modern times"? Extraneous efforts 
 have been made to crush us out, to keep back our progress and prosperity, but 
 it was of no avail. Without capital, without resources, our natural advantages 
 alone have sustained us. until our surprising growth and increasing commrivial 
 i ity attracted hither the substantial capital of men of brains and experience, 
 whose far-seeing eyes have penetrated the future prosperous destiny of Western 
 Texas, and the happy eligibility of Indianola as an important seaport, and the 
 results of their researches and investigations have culminated in the construction 
 of the Gulf, Westea-n Texas and Pacific Railway.