The Southern Slav's Appeal 
 
 (The Southern Slavs Serbs, Croats, Slovenes) 
 
 PUBLISHED ON BEHALF OF THE "JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE" BY MILAN MARJANOVI6. 
 CLEVELAND, O., NOVEMBER, 1916. OFFICES: 1402 E. 40th ST., CLEVELAND, O. 
 
 NUMBER 1. THE SOUTHERN SLAVS, OR JUGOSLAVS, AIMS FOR LIBERTY AND UNITY. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAVS TERRITORY IN S. W. EUROPE. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV-TERRITORY 
 JU603LOYEM3KAZMUA 
 
 LETERRlTOmE tOUSOSl&YE 
 
 THERE WERE MORE THEN 13,000,000 JUGOSLAVS BEFORE THE WAR. THERE WERE 5,000,000 
 JUGOSLAVS LIVING IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, MORE THEN 7,000,000 IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 
 (IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA-SLAVONIA, SOUTHERN HUNGARY, DALMATIA, ISTRIA, 
 TRIEST, GORIZIA-GRADISCA, CARNIOLA, SOUTHERN CORINTHIA AND SOUTHERN STYRIA), 
 MORE THEN 200,000 IN ITALY (UDIXE) AND GREECE (VODENA, SALENIK) AND 800,000 IN 
 BOTH AMERICAS (700,000 IN THE UNITED STATES). -^THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF THE 
 JUGOSLAVS IN EUROPE COVERS THE AREA OF MORE THEN 96,000 SQUARE MILES.
 
 SERBO-CROAT ORTHOGRAPHY, 
 i = sh in "ship." c = ts in "cats." 
 
 5 = ch in "church." % = j in French "jour." 
 
 c = ditto (softer). j=y in "your." 
 
 Printed by "HLAS", 
 CLEVELAND. OHIO
 
 AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 "When in the course of human events, it 
 becomes necessary for one people to dissolve 
 the political bands which have connected them 
 with another, and to assume, among the 
 powers of the earth, the separate and equal 
 station to which the Laws of Nature and of 
 Nature's God entitles them, a decent respect 
 the opinions of mankind requires that they 
 should declare the causes which impel them to 
 the separation. 
 
 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, 
 that all men are created equal; that they are 
 endowed by their Creator with certain un- 
 alienable rights; that among these are life, 
 liberty and the .pursuit of happiness. That to 
 secure these rights, governments are instituted 
 among men, deriving their just powers from 
 the consent of the governed; that, whenever 
 any form of government becomes destructive 
 
 of these ends, it is the right of the people to 
 alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new 
 government, laying its foundation on such prin- 
 ciples, and organizing its powers in such form, 
 as to them -shall seem most likely to effect 
 their safety and happiness. Prudence indeed, 
 will dictate that governments long establish- 
 ed should not be changed for light and trans- 
 ient causes ; and, according, all experience hath 
 shown, that a mankind are more disposed to 
 suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to 
 right themselves by abolishing the forms to 
 which they are accustomed. But, when long 
 train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing in- 
 variably the same object, evinces a design to 
 reduce them under absolute despotism, it is 
 their right, it is their duty, to throw off such 
 government, and to provide new guards for 
 their future security." 
 
 Declaration of Independance 1776. 
 
 AMERICA'S PART IN FUTURE PEACE. 
 
 ' ' "We are participants, whether we 
 
 would or not, in the life of the world. The 
 interests of all nations are our own also. We 
 are partners with the rest. What affects man- 
 kind is inevitably our affair as well as the 
 affair of the nations of Europe and of Asia. . . 
 
 .... The nations of the world have become 
 each other's neighbors. It is to their interest 
 that they should understand each other. In 
 order that they may understand each other it 
 is imperative that they should agree o cooper- 
 ate in a common cause and that they should so 
 act that the guiding principles of that common 
 cause shall be even-handed and impartial 
 justice. This is undoubtedly the thought of 
 America. This is what we, ourselves, will say 
 when there comes proper occasion to say it. ... 
 
 We believe these fundamental things : 
 
 First, that every people has a right to 
 choose the sovereignity under which they shall 
 live. Like other nations, we have, ourselves, 
 no doubt once and again offended against 
 that principle when for a little while controll- 
 ed by selfish passion, as our franker historians 
 
 have been honorable enough to admit; but it 
 has become more and more our rule of life 
 and action. 
 
 Second, that the small States of the world 
 have a right to enjoy the same respect for 
 their sovereignity and for their territorial in- 
 tegrity that great and powerful nations expect 
 and insist upon. 
 
 And, third, that the world has a right to 
 be free from every disturbance of its peace 
 that has its origin in aggression and disregard 
 of the rights of peoples and nations. 
 
 So sincerely do we believe in these things 
 that I am sure that I speak the mind and wish 
 of the people of America when I say that the 
 United States is willing to become a partner 
 in any feasible association of nations formed 
 in order to realize these objects and make 
 
 them secure against violation " 
 
 From the Speech of the Presi- 
 dent of U. S. A. W. Wilson, 
 discussing Peace and America's 
 part in a future league to pre- 
 vent war. May 26th 1916.
 
 KING PETER I. TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. 
 
 "I have long wanted very much to speak 
 from the bottom of my heart to the great heart 
 of America, which is so deeply moved over the 
 fate of Serbia and has done so much for our 
 unhappy people. It seems to me that somehow 
 your compatriots have been able to divine in 
 the struggles of a people, simple and rugged, 
 but stubbornly individualistic, the same sacred 
 fire which inspired the first Americans 300 
 years ago to leave Europe to erect in the wild- 
 erness of America a home for freedom. They 
 understand us. We speak the same language 
 of liberty. 
 
 "And those of your compatriots who have 
 come to us as doctors, nurses the American 
 Red Cross, the Serbian Relief and Sanitary 
 Commissions all these brave young people, 
 who have so gladly given their young lives 
 to fight typhus and the sickening effects of 
 shells and epidemics, of whom not a few rest 
 forever in Serbian soil was it not they who 
 brought to us the soul of a kindred people 
 from America?" 
 
 ''I do not know if it is quite understood 
 in America what it is all about that almost 
 entire Europe is at war. But I will tell you in 
 a word; it is the supreme, the last effort of 
 feudalism, a fight to a finish between the 
 feudalism of yesterday and the freedom of to- 
 morrow. So that is why war had to break out 
 on the banks of the Danube, and not elsewhere, 
 for the Danube separates by so little the most 
 intransigent feudalism, maintained by un- 
 
 worthy intrigues, like those of the smaller 
 Italian States in the Middle Ages, from the 
 most stubborn ideal of liberty, implanted in 
 those ready to fight to the last man to realize 
 that idea. 
 
 "Yet we have always wanted to live at 
 peace with the Austrians. 
 
 "But it is of the very nature of a feudal 
 state that liberty cannot and must not flourish 
 in the same vicinity, and Austria arranged 
 all that in the time of the Obrenovitches. 'Ser- 
 bia was made merely a tributary to Austria. 
 She was no longer free at all. By the treaty 
 of 1881 she renounced all her rights. Today, 
 again Austria still seeks to follow toward Ser- 
 bia crushed the same policy as before to 
 create of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, and 
 Herzegovina an empire of vassal States for 
 the benefit of a mediaeval feudal nobility. But 
 we cannot stand that. We are peasants, but 
 free peasants. 
 
 "I am King. I come from the people, but 
 a heroic people who preferred bitter death to 
 comfortable, shameful slavery. My grand- 
 father was a peasant, and I am prouder of 
 that than of my throne. Crowns are lost, br j 
 the pure, clean blood of those who have lived 
 of the earth does not die out." 
 
 (King Peter I. of Serbia, to 
 the representatives of the 
 American Press. February 
 1916.)
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 The Jugoslavs are: the Serbians, the 
 Croatians, the Slovenians and the Bulgarians. 
 But the Bulgarians, pursuing as they are a 
 separatistic and imperialistic State policy, do 
 not, at the present time, belong to this move- 
 ment, nor do they in the contemporary policy 
 of the Jugoslav Unification ; consequently, it 
 is only the Serbians, the Croatians and the 
 Slovenians who are the bearers of that idea, 
 though the central group is formed by the 
 Serbians and the Croatians alone. 
 
 The Serbo-Croatians are absolutely one 
 and the same people by their blood relations, 
 by the identity of their spoken and literary 
 language and their aspirations irrespective 
 of the territories in which they live. The 
 Slovenians belong to the same race with a 
 slightly different literary dialect. At this 
 moment the matter could be summarised thus : 
 the Serbians are considered as the Orthodox 
 South-Slavs and the Croats the Catholic South- 
 Slavs. 
 
 Before this war there were about 
 13,000,000 Jugoslavs, of which number 5,000,- 
 000 were living in the Kingdom of Serbia and 
 Crnagora (or Montenegro), 8,000,000 under 
 the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 
 of which 1,000,000 abroad, as emmigrants. In 
 the present war nearly 2,000,000 Jugoslavs on 
 both Serbian and Austro-Hungarian sides have 
 been invalidated and have died partly of 
 cholera, thyphus, and other diseases; partly 
 through famine and starvation; partly in 
 prison, on gallows or in cold blood massacres ; 
 partly again in actual battles. 
 
 The Jugoslav idea demands that, at the 
 time of peace negotiations, all the regions, in- 
 habited by the South Slavs in an overwhelm- 
 ing majority and in compact masses, be 
 granted a full liberty and united into 
 one single and democratically ruled State. 
 Such a State would comprise a territory 
 of about 96,000 square miles with a popu- 
 lation of about 13,000,000, and would consti- 
 tute an element of an adequate equilibrium in 
 the South-East of Europe. Any kind of tear- 
 ing, chipping or exclusion would be unjust, 
 for the intimate connection (geographic, 
 strategic and economic), existing between all 
 
 the parts of Jugoslav lands, is such as not to 
 allow of any tearing or exclusion, and any 
 separation of however small a part would 
 greatly hinder the developement of the en- 
 tirety. 
 
 After the infamous ultimatum of Austria, 
 and for the idea of Jugoslav liberation and 
 unification, the free and independent King- 
 dom of Serbia has accepted the war. This is 
 in conformity with the National Programme 
 of Serbia's State Policy, and was proclaimed 
 in the expose of the Serbian Goverment (Nov. 
 1914) and the Serbian National Skupstina made 
 in Aug. 1915 and Sept. 1916 as well as the sol- 
 emn declarations of the Prince Eegent Alexan- 
 der and of the Prime Minister Pasic in Paris 
 and London in the Spring of 1916 ; besides, that 
 idea is supported by the "Jugo-Slav Com- 
 mittee" in London which is the representative 
 of the Jugoslavs from Austria-Hungary. 
 Consequently, Serbia to day is a pioneer and 
 mandatory for realizing the idea of the South- 
 ern Slavs freedom and unity. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee in London is the 
 central and supreme representative of the 
 Jugoslavs from Austria Hungary in their 
 desire to liberate and unite themselves with 
 their brothers from Serbia and Montenegro. 
 The committee consists of well known and 
 popular political leaders, members of parlia- 
 ments, intellectual workers and financial-com- 
 mercial men of good standing, the greatest 
 part of whom have been working upon that 
 idea for decades. The Committee numbers 
 now 25 members, of which 15 Croatians, 7 
 Serbians and 3 Slovenians. All the Jugoslav 
 provinces of Austria-Hungary are represent- 
 ed : there being 10 members from Dalmatia, 
 3 from Istria, 1 from Goricka, 2 from Trieste 
 (Trst), 1 from Rieka (Fkime), 3 from Croatia, 
 1 from Corinthia, 3 from Bosnia-Herzegovina 
 and 1 from South Hungary. The Committee, 
 as well as its individual members, have in their 
 possession confidential authorizations and full 
 powers from the leading circles of all the 
 different Serbians, Croatian and Slovenian 
 political parties in the Jugoslav provinces in 
 Austria-Hungary. It is also in accord with a 
 certain number of the highest representatives
 
 KING PETER I. TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. 
 
 "I have long wanted very much to speak 
 from the bottom of my heart to the great heart 
 of America, which is so deeply moved over the 
 fate of Serbia and has done so much for our 
 unhappy people. It seems to me that somehow 
 your compatriots have been able to divine in 
 the struggles of a people, simple and rugged, 
 but stubbornly individualistic, the same sacred 
 fire which inspired the first Americans 300 
 years ago to leave Europe to erect in the wild- 
 erness of America a home for freedom. They 
 understand us. We speak the same language 
 of liberty. 
 
 "And those of your compatriots who have 
 come to us as doctors, nurses the American 
 Red Cross, the Serbian Relief and Sanitary 
 Commissions all these brave young people, 
 who have so gladly given their young lives 
 to fight typhus and the sickening effects of 
 shells and epidemics, of whom not a few rest 
 forever in Serbian soil was it not they who 
 brought to us the soul of a kindred people 
 from America?" 
 
 "I do not know if it is quite understood 
 in America what it is all about that almost 
 entire Europe is at war. But I will tell you in 
 a word ; it is the supreme, the last effort of 
 feudalism, a fight to a finish between the 
 feudalism of yesterday and the freedom of to- 
 morrow. So that is why war had to break out 
 on the banks of the Danube, and not elsewhere, 
 for the Danube separates by so little the most 
 intransigent feudalism, maintained by un- 
 
 worthy intrigues, like those of the smaller 
 Italian States in the Middle Ages, from the 
 most stubborn ideal of liberty, implanted in 
 those ready to fight to the last man to realize 
 that idea. 
 
 ''Yet we have always wanted to live at 
 peace with the Austrians. 
 
 "But it is of the very nature of a feudal 
 state that liberty cannot and must not flourish 
 in the same vicinity, and Austria arranged 
 all that in the time of the Obrenovitches. 'Ser- 
 bia was made merely a tributary to Austria. 
 She was no longer free at all. By the treaty 
 of 1881 she renounced all her rights. Today, 
 again Austria still seeks to follow toward Ser- 
 bia crushed the same policy as before to 
 create of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, and 
 Herzegovina an empire of vassal States for 
 the benefit of a mediaeval feudal nobility. But 
 we cannot stand that. We are peasants, but 
 free peasants. 
 
 "I am King. I come from the people, but 
 a heroic people who preferred bitter death to 
 comfortable, shameful slavery. My grand- 
 father was a peasant, and I am prouder of 
 that than of my throne. Crowns are lost, bv j 
 the pure, clean blood of those who have lived 
 of the earth does not die out." 
 
 (King Peter I. of Serbia, to 
 the representatives of the 
 American Press. February 
 1916.)
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 The Jugoslavs are: the Serbians, the 
 Croatians, the Slovenians and the Bulgarians. 
 But the Bulgarians, pursuing as they are a 
 separatistic and imperialistic State policy, do 
 not, at the present time, belong to this move- 
 ment, nor do they in the contemporary policy 
 of the Jugoslav Unification ; consequently, it 
 is only the Serbians, the Croatians and the 
 Slovenians who are the bearers of that idea, 
 though the central group is formed by the 
 Serbians and the Croatians alone. 
 
 The Serbo-Croatians are absolutely one 
 and the same people by their blood relations, 
 by the identity of their spoken and literary 
 language and their aspirations irrespective 
 of the territories in which they live. The 
 Slovenians belong to the same race with a 
 slightly different literary dialect. At this 
 moment the matter could be summarised thus : 
 the Serbians are considered as the Orthodox 
 South-Slavs and the Croats the Catholic South- 
 Slavs. 
 
 Before this war there were about 
 13,000,000 Jugoslavs, of which number 5,000,- 
 000 were living in the Kingdom of Serbia and 
 Crnagora (or Montenegro), 8,000,000 under 
 the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 
 of which 1,000,000 abroad, as emmigrants. In 
 the present war nearly 2,000,000 Jugoslavs on 
 both Serbian and Austro-Hungarian sides have 
 been invalidated and have died partly of 
 cholera, thyphus, and other diseases; partly 
 through famine and starvation; partly in 
 prison, on gallows or in cold blood massacres; 
 partly again in actual battles. 
 
 The Jugoslav idea demands that, at the 
 time of peace negotiations, all the regions, in- 
 habited by the South Slavs in an overwhelm- 
 ing majority and in compact masses, be 
 granted a full liberty and united into 
 one single and democratically ruled State. 
 Such a State would comprise a territory 
 of about 96,000 square miles with a popu- 
 lation of about 13,000,000, and would consti- 
 tute an element of an adequate equilibrium in 
 the South-East of Europe. Any kind of tear- 
 ing, chipping or exclusion would be unjust, 
 for the intimate connection (geographic, 
 strategic and economic), existing between all 
 
 the parts of Jugoslav lands, is such as not to 
 allow of any tearing or exclusion, and any 
 separation of however small a part would 
 greatly hinder the developement of the en- 
 tirety. 
 
 After the infamous ultimatum of Austria, 
 and for the idea of Jugoslav liberation and 
 unification, the free and independent King- 
 dom of Serbia has accepted the war. This is 
 in conformity with the National Programme 
 of Serbia's State Policy, and was proclaimed 
 in the expose of the Serbian Goverment (Nov. 
 1914) and the Serbian National Skupstina made 
 in Aug. 1915 and Sept. 1916 as well as the sol- 
 emn declarations of the Prince Regent Alexan- 
 der and of the Prime Minister Pasic in Paris 
 and London in the Spring of 1916 ; besides, that 
 idea is supported by the "Jugo-Slav Com- 
 mittee" in London which is the representative 
 of the Jugoslavs from Austria-Hungary. 
 Consequently, Serbia to day is a pioneer and 
 mandatory for realizing the idea of the South- 
 ern Slavs freedom and unity. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee in London is the 
 central and supreme representative of the 
 Jugoslavs from Austria Hungary in their 
 desire to liberate and unite themselves with 
 their brothers from Serbia and Montenegro. 
 The committee consists of well known and 
 popular political leaders, members of parlia- 
 ments, intellectual workers and financial-com- 
 mercial men of good standing, the greatest 
 part of whom have been working upon that 
 idea for decades. The Committee numbers 
 now 25 members, of which 15 Croatians, 7 
 Serbians and 3 Slovenians. All the Jugoslav 
 provinces of Austria-Hungary are represent- 
 ed : there being 10 members from Dalmatia, 
 3 from Istria, 1 from Goricka, 2 from Trieste 
 (Trst), 1 from Rieka (Fiome), 3 from Croatia, 
 1 from Corinthia, 3 from Bosnia-Herzegovina 
 and 1 from South Hungary. The Committee, 
 as well as its individual members, have in their 
 possession confidential authorizations and full 
 powers from the leading circles of all the 
 different Serbians, Croatian and Slovenian 
 political parties in the Jugoslav provinces in 
 Austria-Hungary. It is also in accord with a 
 certain number of the highest representatives
 
 SOttHE&N SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 of the Catholic Clergy amongst the Croatians 
 and the Slovenians. 
 
 The idea of the Unification of the South 
 Slavs has its traditions as early as the 16th 
 century, and has been especially clearly de- 
 fined in the first half of the 19th and the first 
 decades of the 20th centuries. The movement 
 has been started (in 17th and 18th centuries) 
 just in the provinces adjacent to the Adriatic 
 coast and has past from Dubrovnik (Ragusa) 
 and Dalmatia to the Croatian and Serbian 
 Vojvodina (Southern Hungary), thence to 
 Cetigne and Belgrade. 
 
 The dissention between the Serbians and 
 the Croatians has begun just in the second 
 half of the 19th century, after the Congress 
 of Berlin and the occupation of Bosnia- 
 Herzegovina, but it has been stimulated and 
 artifically maintained by Austria and 
 Hungary. That dissention disappeared as 
 early as 1903. 
 
 It was Croatia and Dalmatia who, at the 
 expiration of the 19th century and in the most 
 recent times, have always mostly promoted the 
 idea of Serbo-Croat unification. The Croatian 
 sabors have, as early as the 18th century, 
 desired an entirety of territory and the unity 
 of the people, and more than once have legis- 
 lated the unity of the Croatians and the 
 Serbians. That was the leading idea of the 
 great Croatian Catholic Bishop Strosmajer 
 and his followers. Even nov in the time of 
 war, under the heaviest pressure, the Croatian 
 Sabor in Zagreb (Agram) accentuates that 
 idea, although the Austro-Madyar machinat- 
 ions had insisted to repel the Croatians from 
 it. Besides the Serbian Orthodox, the Croatian 
 and Slovenian Catholic Clergy have been per- 
 secuted, since this war, for their national feel- 
 ings, and the Croatian leading press, despite 
 all the censorship, has found the form to ex- 
 press her sympathy for the Allies, so that the 
 Government suppressed the main organ of the 
 Sabor majority in Croatia on account of ist 
 non-Austrophile editorials about the war. 
 
 Since in Austria thousands and thousands 
 of Jugoslav men of intellect and politicians 
 have been imprisoned, interned, and about 
 900,000 forced to the front, the only competent 
 voice of the people is that of the refugees and 
 emmigrants of whom the greatest number 
 are living in the United States of America or 
 in the South American republics. In the 
 United States and in Canada there are living 
 
 about 700,000 Jugoslavs, of which there are 
 400,000 Croatians, 200,000 Slovenians and 
 100,000 Serbians. In the South American 
 republics there are 100,000 Jugoslavs, who are 
 almost exclusively Croatians from Dalmatia 
 and Istria. At the very beginning of this war 
 it was a political organization " Croatian 
 Alliance" (or "Hrvatski Savez"), which has 
 successfully prevented all the Croatians from 
 joining as reservists the Austrian armies. On 
 the 10th of March, 1915, a meeting of 563 
 delegates (Serbs, Croat's and Slovenes) from 
 the entire United States was held in Chicago, 
 111., and they have proclaimed the national 
 unity of the Serbians, the Croatians and the 
 Slovenians. In the month of May, 1915, 
 several thousands of Jugoslavs from Austria- 
 Hungary have made a similar proclamation at 
 Nis, Serbia. In the Summer of 1915 a whole 
 series of great national meetings throughout 
 the United States have accepted the same 
 resolutions; in 'September, 1915, representa- 
 tives of 150,000 well organized Jugoslavs have 
 joined in that resolution in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 of which the strongest were the organizations 
 of the Croatians ("Hrvatska Zajednica" with 
 its 35,000 members and the "Hrvatski Savez", 
 (Creation Alliance of America). With that 
 programme has also agreed the Slovenian or- 
 ganization "Slovenska Liga" at the meeting 
 of the Slovenian delegates which was held in 
 Cleveland in 1916, as well as the numberless 
 meetings which have been held in the course 
 of the year 1916, by the delegates of the Ju- 
 goslav Committee, namely, M. Marjanovic and 
 Dr. N. Zupanic. 
 
 In the South American republics the un- 
 animity of the Jugoslav people is complete 
 and the programme of the unification has 
 been accepted in every sense; just as much 
 could be said of the Jugoslavs living in New 
 Zealand and Canada. 
 
 It should be mentioned also that New 
 Zealand and Canada have sent certain num- 
 bers of volunteers for Great Britain; that a 
 considerable number of volunteers from both 
 Americas have gone of their own free will to 
 join the Allies; that thousands of Austrians 
 deserters among whom a great number of 
 officers are fighting shoulder to shoulder 
 with the Serbian armies ; that there have been 
 formed in Russia already two divisions 
 (50,000 men) from the refugees and prisoners 
 of war formerly Austrian subjects and
 
 THE SOTJfHEttN SLAV'S AffEAL 
 
 solifct'rs, who volunteered and are now fight- 
 ing in Dobrudga. It ought also to be accentuated 
 that the Croatians from the South American 
 republics have given to the Serbian .Red Cross 
 Society and Serbian orphans a sum of about 
 $200,000, and are giving every month a sum 
 of $20,000 for the needs of the Jugoslav Com- 
 mittee, and have collected already $300,000 
 for the national reserve fund. The Jugoslavs 
 in the United States of America who are 
 practically all Serbians and Croatians, most- 
 ly poor workmen, from Austria-Hungary, 
 have given for the Serbian Belief about 
 $300,000. 
 
 Finally, as a proof that neither the 
 religion nor the clergy are opposing the un- 
 ification, could be considered the resolution 
 which has been arrived at by the Serbian- 
 Orthodox, Uniat and the Croatian-Catholic 
 clergy at their meetings held in Chicago, 111., 
 and Pittsburgh, Pa. in 1916. 
 
 Even the Moslems from Bosnia-Herzego- 
 vina, who are still at liberty in Switzerland 
 have declared themselves, by their separate 
 agreement, for the Allies and rose up against 
 Turkey. 
 
 From all this it is obvious that the Jugo- 
 slav idea is not one of recent creation, that it 
 penetrates in the traditional idea of all the 
 Serbians, the Croatians and Slovenians, that 
 it does not announce an aggressive policy of 
 Serbia but a policy of liberation by Serbia, 
 who is the bearer of the idea for which have 
 hitherto worked and immolated themselves 
 the best Serbians, Croatians and Slovenians 
 in Austria-Hungary. Napoleon the Great 
 himself had begun to realize that idea by in- 
 corporating the "Illyrian Kingdom" and had 
 
 thus left behind a most beautiful souvenir in 
 the Western Jugoslav provinces. That idea is 
 defended to-day by the Croatian Sab or and 
 all the political leaders of the Jugoslav people 
 in Austria-Hungary. For it, to-day, are now 
 fighting with Serbs and Russians tens of 
 thousands Jugoslav refugees and it is accept- 
 ed and supported by almost the entire number 
 of the Jugoslav emmigrants. 
 
 That idea has no spontaneous enemies 
 among the Jugoslav people, for it has been 
 proved that all oppositions are being pro- 
 voked, even in America, by Austria and her 
 paid agents who can, only for a time, mislead 
 the most neglected masses ; for absolutely all, 
 who are consciencious and more educated, 
 enlightened that idea. 
 
 The Jugoslav propaganda in America 
 has for its object to secure from the Jugoslav 
 emmigrants the permissible and legitimate 
 help for the great and just national struggle 
 and to stimulate the interest of the American 
 public opinion in that struggle, so that even 
 the official America, at the time of the peace 
 negotiation, should endeavor, through its 
 representatives, that the justified whishes of 
 the Jugoslavs should be realized in the spirit 
 of the American democracy and for the sake 
 of justice, liberty, democracy and lasting 
 peace in Europe and the world. 
 
 On the 29th of November there will be 
 held in Pittsburgh, Pa., the Second Universal 
 Jugoslav Meeting of the delegates from all the 
 colonies and organizations in North and South 
 America and in Cleveland has been established 
 the Central Office of the Jugoslav movement 
 which is publishing this statement. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 ENGLISH BOOKS, 
 
 1. The Southern Slav Programme (Lon- 
 don, Jugoslav Committee). 
 
 2. The Southern Slav ; Land and People. 
 (London, Jugoslav Committee). 
 
 3. A Sketch of Southern Slav History. 
 (London, Jugoslav Committee). 
 
 4. Southern Slav Culture. (London, Ju- 
 goslav Committee). 
 
 5. Idea of Southern 'Slav Unity. (Lon- 
 don, Jugoslav Committee). 
 
 6. The Slovenians. (London, Jugoslav 
 Committee). Map of Southern Slav 
 Territory, by Dr. N. Zupanic. (Pub- 
 lished on behalf of the Jugoslav Com- 
 mittee). 
 
 7. The War in Eastern Europe, de- 
 
 scribed by John Reed, pictured by 
 R. Robinson, London, 1916. 
 
 8. Jugoslav Nationalism. Three lec- 
 tures by Dr. B. Vosnjak, with an 
 address by M. E. Sadler, London, 
 1916. 
 
 9. The Truth about Bulgaria, by Alfred 
 Steed, reprinted from the "English 
 Review". London, 1916. 
 
 10. The Experiences of a Unit in the 
 Great Retreat (Serbia 1915). H. J. 
 W. A Diary of a Nursing Sister in 
 Serbia. London 1916. 
 
 11. British Women in Serbia and the 
 War, by Dr. M. Curcin, London, 1916. 
 
 12. Kossovo Day, Report and two lec- 
 tures, (by prof. T. Georgevic and 
 
 prof. V. Yovanovic). London, 1916 
 
 13. With Serbia into exile, by Fortier 
 Jones, New York, The Century Co., 
 1916. 
 
 14. The Aspiration of Bulgaria. By Bal- 
 canicus. London. Simpkin, Mar- 
 shalll, Hamilton, Kent S. C. 
 
 15. The Slav Nations, by Srgjan Tucic, 
 George H. Doron Company, New 
 York. 
 
 16. Serbia, Her People, History and Aspi- 
 rations. By W. M. Petrovich, New 
 York. (Frederick A. Storer Comp.) 
 
 17. Serbia in Light and Darkness. By Rev. 
 Father Nicholai Velimirovie, with 
 preface by the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury. London. New York. (Long- 
 mans, Green & Co.) 
 
 18. The Soul of Serbia, by Nikolai Veil- 
 mirovic. London, 1916. 
 
 19. The Spirit of the Serbia, By R. W. 
 Seton Watson, London. (Nisbet & 
 Co.) 
 
 20. The Religious Spirit of the Slav, by 
 Nikolai Velimirovic, London. (Mac- 
 millan and Co.) 
 
 21. Heroic Serbia, By Victor Berard 
 (Kossovo Committee). 
 
 22. The Women of Serbia. By Fanny S. 
 Copeland (Kossovo Committe*). 
 
 23. Serbian Ballads. Translated by R. 
 W. Seton- Watson. (Kossovo Com- 
 mittee). 
 
 24. , The Balkans, Italy, and the Adriatic. 
 
 By R. W. Seton- Watson. (Nisbet and 
 Co., Ltd.). 
 
 25. German, Slav, and Magyar. By R. W. 
 Seton- Watson. (Williams and Nor- 
 gate). 
 
 26. Serbia Yesterday, To-day, and To- 
 morrow. By R. W. Seton-Watson. 
 (Kossovo Committee). 
 
 27. Without Home or Country. By a 
 Serbian Poet. (Kossovo Committee). 
 
 28. Serbia and Kossovo. By Dr. S. Geor- 
 gevitch. 
 
 29. Austro-Hungarians Atrocities. By R. 
 A. Reiss. (Simpsin, Marshall and Co. 
 Ltd.). 
 
 30. The German Peril and the Grand 
 Alliance. By G. de Veselitsky (Fisher 
 Unwin). 
 
 31. Jugoslav Culture, By Milan Marja- 
 novic. London. (Jugoslav Committee, 
 1915). 
 
 32. The Strategical Significance of Ser- 
 bia. By Dr. Niko Zupanic. (From the 
 "Nineteenth Century". London 
 1916). 
 
 33. The Persecutions of Southern Slavs 
 in Austria-Hungary. Preface by W. 
 Joynson Hicks. (London . Nisbet & 
 Co.). 
 
 34. The 'Serbian Macedonia. By Pavle 
 Popovic. London, from "The Near 
 East." 
 
 35. Hero Tales & Legends of the Ser- 
 bians. By W. Petrovitch. 32 illustra- 
 tions. London. (George Harrap Co.)
 
 PART I. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAVS. 
 
 The Jugoslav form part of the great Slav 
 race, which is itself a branch of the Indo- 
 Aryan race. They are divided into three main 
 groups, the Western, Eastern and Southern 
 Slavs. The Western Slavs include the Poles, 
 Czechs, Slovaks, and the Slavs in Germany 
 (i. e. the Serbs of Upper and Lower Lusatia 
 and the Cassoubs and Slovinci in West Prussia 
 and Pomerania). The Eastern Slavs are the 
 Russians, whose Southern branch goes by the 
 name of Ruthenes in Galicia, Bukovina, and 
 Hungary. The Southern 'Slavs or Jugoslavs 
 (Jug South in the Slav tongues) include the 
 Bulgars, Serbo-Croats, and Slovenes. 
 
 Setting aside the Bulgars, who, by their 
 characteristics and political aims, form an en- 
 tily apart, the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes are 
 one single nation known by three different 
 names. In this and several other pamphlets 
 we propose to deal only with these people, 
 whom we call "Jugoslavs." 
 
 The Jugoslavs (i. e. the Serbs, Croats, and 
 Slovenes) form the compact bulk of the present 
 population of the Balkan Peninsula. Part of 
 the land inhabited by them constitutes the in- 
 dependent Jugoslav kingdoms of Serbia and 
 Montenegro, and the large remaining portio- 
 belongs to Austria-Hungary. 
 
 The national territory of the Serbs, Croats, 
 and Slovenes therefore comprises: 
 
 1. The kingdom of Serbia and Montene- 
 gro. 
 
 2. Bosnia-Hercegovina. 
 
 3. Dalmatia and the Dalmatian archipela- 
 go. 
 
 4. Croatia and Slavonia, including Rieka 
 (Fiume) and the Medjumurje. 
 
 5. The country of the Drave in Southern 
 Hungary (Baranja), the Backa, and the Banat. 
 
 6. Istria, the Quarnero Isles, and Trieste. 
 
 7. The Slovene lands, i. e. Carniola and 
 Gorica; 'Southern Carinthia, Southern Styria, 
 and the adjoining districts in South-western 
 Hungary. 
 
 The Jugoslavs are a homogeneous nation, 
 both as regards their language and their ethno- 
 graphical characteristics. 
 
 The Serbs and Croats form an absolute 
 
 linguistic unit. Their literary language is 
 identical ; their spoken language varies locally 
 according to the dialect, which is differentiat- 
 ed according to pronunciation of the word sto 
 (what; Lat. quid); in one part of the country 
 it is pronunced ca, in another kaj, in the third 
 sto. The first or ca dialect is spoken in the 
 north of Dalmatia, in the Isles, on the Croatian 
 coast, and in Istria. The second or kaj dialect 
 predominates in North-western Croatia from 
 the neighbourhood of Karlovac (Karlstadt) to 
 the river Mur, in the counties of Zagreb, (the 
 present Belovar), and above all in the Med- 
 jumurje. The third or sto dialect is the one 
 most widely spoken ; it is the speech of Serbia, 
 Montenegro, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Dalmatia, 
 South-Western Croatia, Slavonia, and Southern 
 Hungary. It is also the most beautiful of the 
 three dialects, the most melodious, and the 
 richest in vowel sounds; it has taken prece- 
 dence of the other two, and reigns to-day as 
 the accepted literary tongue. The Slovene 
 speech is merely a variety of the kaj dialect; 
 it is still the local literary tongue of the Slo- 
 venes, but it has been greatly approximated in 
 its vocabulary, syntax, and morphology to the 
 sto dialect, which is the standard literary lan- 
 guage of the Serbo-Croats. 
 
 As regards ethnographical characteristics, 
 Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes form but one single 
 nation. Popular tradition has kept the memory 
 of the national hero, Marko Kraljevic, alive 
 among all Jugoslavs. His exploits are sung 
 everywhere, and without exception, in all Ju- 
 goslav provinces. The fact that the Serbs, 
 Croats, and Slovenes have a national hero in 
 common is in itself a great proof of the racial 
 unity of the Jugoslavs. 
 
 In religious maters, our nation is divided 
 between the Orthodox Church, which predom- 
 inates in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Hercego- 
 vina, and parts of Dalmatia and Croatia-'Sla- 
 vonia, the Catholic Church (in Croatia, Slavo- 
 nia, Dalmatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Carniola, 
 Carinthia, Styria, and Istria), and the Mahom- 
 medan faith in Bosnia-Hercegovina. There 
 are, moreover, Nazarenes in South Hungary, 
 and a sprinkling of Jews scattered everywhere.
 
 10 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 Among a large part of the Catholic, divine 
 service is celebrated in the Old-Slav tongue in 
 the same way as in all Orthodox Churches. 
 
 In the schools and in the literature the 
 Jugoslavs employ two forms of script the Cy- 
 rillic and the Latin. Glagoliti" character? 
 are now no longer used, except in the Catholic 
 churches of the littoral. 
 
 THE PEOPLE OF THE 
 AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY. 
 
 The Habsburg Monarchy is a dual state 
 formation, founded on the compromise of 1867, 
 by virtue of which the Germans and Hun- 
 garians have divided all the political power 
 between themselves and thus assured their do- 
 mination over other nationalities. 
 
 The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, (Bos- 
 nia and Herzegovina included), has in round 
 numbers 51,000.000 inhabitants. According to 
 the official census of 1910, there are only 
 12,010,600 (or 23.55%) Germans and 10,068,000 
 (or 19.75%) Magyars. 
 
 In the Austrian half of the monarchy, the 
 9,950,000 Germans (35.6%) rule the 18,000,000 
 non-Germans (64.4%). Out of these 18,000,000 
 non - German inhabitants, 16,958,000 (or 
 60.65%) are Slavs. (6,436,000 or 23% are 
 Czechs; 4,967,000 or 17.77% are Poles; 
 3,519,000 or 12% are Russians and 2,036,000 or 
 7.3% are Jugoslavs). The ballance are Ita- 
 lians (768,000 or 2.75%) and Rumanians 
 (275,000 or 1%). 
 
 In the Hungarian half of the monarchy, 
 which de facto controls Bosnia and Herzego- 
 vina, the 10,050,000 Magyars (48%), rule the 
 12,700,000 or 52% non-Magyars. Of these non- 
 Magyars 7,534,000 are Slavs. (Slovaks 2,040,- 
 000). The ballance in this half of the monar- 
 chy are Rumaninas (2,950,000) and Germans 
 (1,903.000). 
 
 Summarizing the official data, we can 
 state in round numbers that in Austria-Hun- 
 gary live 24,500,000 or 48% Slavs; 22,000,000 
 or 43% Germans and Hungarians and 4,023,- 
 000 are Latins, (3,225,000 Rumanians and 
 798,000 Italians). 
 
 Of the Slavs in the monarchy, the largest 
 group is Czecho-Slovaks (8,478,000) Jugo- 
 slavs (7,010,270), Poles (5,000,000) and Ruthe- 
 nes (3,999,000), 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV TERRITORY AND 
 PEOPLE. 
 
 There are more than 13,000,000 Jugoslav 
 (Serbs. Croats and Slovenians). 
 
 Before the war, there were in round num- 
 bers 5,000,000 Jugoslavs living in the independ- 
 ent Jugoslav kingdoms of Serbia and Monte- 
 negro. 
 
 Under Austro-Hungarian rule, there were 
 about 7,165.000 Jugoslav in both Americas 
 800,000 (of which 700,000 in the United 
 States). 
 
 There are 40,000 Jugoslav living in Italy, 
 near Udine and in southern Italy, also the 
 ballance in Greece, near Florine, Vodene and 
 near Salonica, and in Northern Albania. 
 
 The National Territory of the Jugoslav 
 people comprises all those lands in South- 
 Eastern Europe in which they have settled 
 more than 1000 years ago and which land they 
 inhabit even today in large majority and in 
 compact numbers. 
 
 This territory includes the following 
 lands : 
 
 The kingdoms of: 
 
 Serbia, with the area of SI, 000 square miles and 4.500,000 Jugoslavs 
 
 Montenegro. _ 5,000 500,000 
 
 TOTAL 36,000 5,000,000 
 
 Under the Austrian or German rule: 
 
 Dalmatia, with the area of 4,940 square miles and 610,000 Jugoslavs 
 
 Istria ' 1,930 225.000 
 
 Triest. 10 70f(m 
 
 Gorizia-Gradisca, " 1,000 ^5/000 
 
 Carniola, 3 ,850 490,000 
 
 Southern Carinthia, 2,000 " " 110,000 
 
 Southern Styria, " 3,000 
 
 Total under Austrian, 16,730 
 or German, rule. 
 
 " S.070.000 
 
 Under the Hungarian (or Magyar) rule : 
 
 Croatia and Slavonic, area of 16,770 sq. m. and 9,300,000 Jugoslavs 
 
 Rijeka, (.Fiume). 8 35,000 
 
 Medjumurje, ' " 500 " " 
 
 Baranja, Backa and Banat " 6 500 
 
 (in South Hungary), _J 
 
 Total under Magyar rule, SS.778 S.225,000 
 
 Bosnia-Hertzegovina, area of 19,690 ' 1,870,000 
 
 Under combined Austro-Hungarian rule: 
 Summary : 
 
 Under the Austrian or 
 
 German rule, area of 16,730 2,070,000 
 
 Under the Hungarian 
 
 or Magyar rule, area of 23,778 S,S25,000 
 
 Combined German and 
 
 Magyar rule, area of 19,690 1,870000 
 
 Total under German 
 
 and Magyar rule, area of 60,198 7,165,000 
 
 Total Kingdoms of Serbia 
 
 and Montenegro, area of 36,000 5,000,000 
 
 GRAND TOTAL, - - 96.198 lt.16S.000 
 
 (The official Austro-Hungarian statistics 
 of 1910 claim that there are 7,010,270 Jugo- 
 slavs in Austria Hungary including Bosnia-
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 11 
 
 Herzegovina. The difference of 154,730 comes 
 from mixed communities. We are sure that 
 our numbers are correct in accordence with a 
 private census effected by our people. The 
 Austro-Hungarian census agents, in mixed 
 communities invariably consider a person as 
 Hungarian or German, as the case may be, if 
 he is able to speak the Hungarian or German 
 language. The same rule applies to the Italian 
 censors throughout Istria and Trieste. Thus 
 a large number of our people are classed under 
 a false designation.) 
 THE MARTYRDOM OF THE SERBIANS. 
 
 At the moment when the world's greatest 
 cataclysm is taking the third and it is to be 
 hoped the last phase, it may not be wholly 
 without interest for George Washington's 
 champions of liberty to hear the sighs of a 
 most democratic people of Europe that has 
 been crucified three times in its history for the 
 high principle of freedom ond unity. 
 
 Yet, it is a source of an inexhaustible pride 
 and gratitude for the Serbians to know that, 
 after five centuries of Western Europe 's ignor- 
 ance of Serbia's immolation on the altar of 
 Christianity, when the prosperous and mighty 
 Serbian mediaeval state crushed not without 
 crushing itself the forces of Amurath and Ba- 
 jazett in the memorable battles of Kossovo, on 
 June 15 (0. S.) 1389, the proud sons of Albion 
 having finally known the incomparable virtues 
 of their little ally of the Balkans, have spon- 
 taneously and most manifestedly shown their 
 admiration and love of their heroic brothers in 
 arms, by ordering and performing on June 28, 
 1916, throughout their mighty kingdom a cele- 
 bration of the Kossovo Day. 
 
 And all that in honor of those Serbians 
 who were so badly handicapped in the popular 
 esteem of Great Britain and America on 
 account of their national revolution of 1903 
 and other "sinister" events in their recent 
 history ! Tout saviour c'est tout pardonner. And 
 when the world comes to know all about Serbia 
 there will be no shadow of doubt that her 
 people is one of the least guilty in human histo- 
 ry, and that her revolutions have not been 
 nearly so bloody as those of most advanced 
 and cultured nations. 
 
 THE ONCE PROSPEROUS PROVINCES. 
 
 After the battle of Kosovo the Serbian 
 State persisted still, though only as a vassal 
 province of the Ottoman Empire. But the 
 poetic 'Serbian soul was so deeply impressed 
 by that memorable catastrophe that the na- 
 
 tional bards gave expression, in a cycle of en- 
 chanting ballads of Homeric beauty, to the 
 greatest and saddest event in history, in which 
 the Serbian people was deprived of liberty and 
 unity. And, indeed, at the close of the fif- 
 teenth century, the Serbian suzerain state suc- 
 cumbed completely under the Sublime Porte 
 when the prosperous provinces of the once 
 mighty Serbian Empire were wasted by the 
 agents from Stamboul, whose systematic exter- 
 mination of Serbian Velika and Mala Vlastela 
 (i. e. Great and Small Nobility), was nearing 
 a close. The small remainder of the Serbian 
 aristocracy found refuge in the Orthodox 
 courts of Vallahia and Moldavia, some of 
 whom fled to Dubrovnik (Ragusa), Rome, and 
 even to Scotland and Ireland. As for the 
 people, they split into three distinct groups. 
 Those who dwelt in the lowlands alongside the 
 Danube and in the valleys of Morava and Var- 
 dar, remained in their homes and bent under 
 the Turkish yoke ; considerable numbers, and 
 especially the inhabitants of the regions in Ma- 
 cedonia and what was known till recently 
 under the name of "Old Serbia", settled, in 
 the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth 
 centuries, in Hungary and colonized the Banat 
 Batchka (or Backa), and the provinces of 
 Sirmia (or Srem) and part of Croatia. Lastly, 
 a third group, unwilling to yield to any autho- 
 rity and composed chiefly of the small Vlaste- 
 la, withdrew into the mountains, inaccessible 
 to the Turkish horsemen, and became prac- 
 tically outlaws ; entrenched in their defiles, 
 expert in guerilla warfare, soon inured to per- 
 secution and hardship, and there they served 
 as the only check on the cruel manners that 
 the Turks adopted in exercising wholesale 
 Ottomanization. These indomitable fighters 
 with their nests in the Black Rocks of Monte- 
 negro, Dalmatia, and Sumadia (or Serbia prop- 
 er), are known to history as the Hajduks and 
 Uskoks, who preserved and upheld through 
 centuries of oppression the traditions of hero- 
 ism of their ancestors and the spirit of their 
 race. So tenaciously did they maintain their 
 nationality, religion, speech, and most especial- 
 ly their exuberant balladry, that at the dawn 
 of the nineteenth century they still formed a 
 nucleus round which Serbia was once more to 
 grow into an independent political body. 
 TURKISH CONTROL. 
 
 The subjugation of Serbia proper was 
 speedily followed by that of Bosnia (1463) and 
 of Herzegovina (1482). 
 
 The Serbian population which had ac-
 
 12 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 cepted Ottoman rule lived thenceforth in a 
 most unhappy condition. They soon ceased to 
 be proprietors of their own land, which was 
 divided among Turkish spahis. To these land- 
 lords those of the people who did not embrace 
 Islam had to render many personal services 
 (kuluk), and to give a tithe, or a seventh part 
 of their produce. They paid a tax to the Sul- 
 tan, another to the governing pasha, and "bak- 
 sheesh" to the tax collector, whom they were 
 also obliged to entertain. During the Turkish 
 invasion of Hungary the passage of countless 
 armies again and again reduced a maturally 
 fertile country to an utter waste. There was 
 no security of life, honor or property, and 
 there was the crowning horror of the gift of 
 the Christian children, every seventh or every 
 fifth year, to be trained as janissaries. 
 
 Thus passed the eighteenth century, with 
 promise of better things ever alternating with 
 bitter disappointments. And the Serbian peo- 
 ple peacefully endured the oppression in the 
 hope that, sooner or later, the bright star of 
 their national unification would appear on the 
 horizon. 
 
 THE NEW SERBIA. 
 
 There lived at this time in the village of 
 Topola in Sumadia a man named George Pe- 
 trovitch. He had some experience of warfare, 
 having served under Austria as a volunteer in 
 1788, and was known as one of the most enter- 
 prising men in the country. He had narrowly 
 escaped death at the hands of the Janissaries 
 by instant fight into the forest. Tall, stalwart, 
 determined, highly intelligent, though illiter- 
 ate, he was also violent, morose and taciturn, 
 and known to the Turks on this account as 
 Kara George (i. e. Black George) ; it is under 
 this name that he has passed down to posteri- 
 ty. No sooner had he reached a place of safe- 
 ty than many bands of fugitives gathered 
 round him. One after the other the villages 
 and cities in Central Serbia feel an easy prey 
 to the brave troops of Karageorge, and a free 
 Serbia, however small, was soon reestablished, 
 only, alas, to be again subjugated in 1813 by the 
 irresistible forces of the three pashas advanc- 
 ing in three different directions. The efforts 
 which were renewed by another peasant gene- 
 ral, Milosh Obrenovic, were crowned with 
 better success, for he made in 1815 a fresh in- 
 surrection that terminated in a complete liber- 
 ation of Northern and Central Serbia. During 
 the War of Greek Independence Milosh wrung 
 from the Turks a number of valuable conces- 
 
 sions, the treaties of Akkerman (1826) and 
 Adrianople (1829) definitely regularized the 
 position of Serbia. By wholesale bribery 
 Milosh obtained in Constantinoule, in 1830 a 
 formal recognition as hereditary prince of 
 Serbia. The sudden return of Karageorge 
 from Russia, where he went to seek help and 
 munitions, his mysterious death upon his cross- 
 ing of Serbia's frontier and the bitter feud 
 that ensued between the two dynasties, show- 
 ed clearly that the two imperial governments 
 in Petrograd and Vienna struggled, at the ex- 
 pense of Serbia, for hegemony in that unfortu- 
 nate country. Milosh was banished, his son 
 Michael assasinated in Koshutnyak, near Bel- 
 grade, Karageorge 's son Alexander abdicated, 
 King Milan died in Vienna after having been 
 banished by his own son Alexander and his 
 mistress Draga; Alexander himself paid dear- 
 ly for his haughty manner and the unfort- 
 unate soil-tillers of Serbia looked at their new- 
 ly chosen King Peter Karageorgevitch, as they 
 did at his grandfather George Petrovitch, for 
 the long-awaited peace and order. And in- 
 deed, the wise citizen of Switzerland and the 
 graduate of Saint-Cyr, immediately upon his 
 arrival into power, gave his people a most de- 
 mocratic constitution and his government a 
 carte-blanche. The three years that followed 
 his accession were a period of rest and re- 
 cuperation under the quiet and wise admini- 
 stration of Mr. Nikola Pasic, agriculture, 
 industry and trade were encouraged and in- 
 creased to an unprecedented extend. 
 
 AUSTRIA AND SERBIA. 
 
 With the growth of trade, however, Ser- 
 bia's position of complete economic depend- 
 ence on the openly hostile or extortionate 
 markets of Austria-Hungary became more and 
 impossible, and to obtain relief from the 
 thraldom she concluded, despite the vigorous 
 and healthy opposition of a group of Serbian 
 industrials a customs treaty with treacherous 
 Bulgaria. Austria replied by a war of tariffs, 
 the socalled "Pig War", swine remaining to 
 that day the most important item of Serbia's 
 export trade. But as Serbia found new outlets 
 in Egypt, Italy and France for her exports 
 and thus showed the Dual Monarchy most 
 manifestly that she could be emancipated from 
 the oppression of her powerful neighbor, Aus- 
 tria, immediately upon the Young Turk re- 
 volution, threw a bomb-shell among the Euro- 
 pean powers by annexing the two provinces 
 of Bosnia and Herzegovina, wishing in this
 
 manner to become herself a Balkan state in 
 order better to interfere with the affairs of 
 the Peninsula. Serbia, of course, was in no 
 mood to acquiesce to this deliberate tearing up 
 of the scrap of paper known as the Treaty of 
 Berlin. However, Russia, to whom the chal- 
 lenge was openly thrown, while endeavoring, 
 in her momentary impotence, to obtain some 
 compensation for Serbia, counseled modera- 
 tion. Thus the crisis was averted for the mo- 
 ment, but from that day it became obvious 
 that neither Russia nor Serbia, nor even the 
 Entente Powers, could forgive and forget, and 
 that the hour of reckoning was merely post- 
 poned. 
 
 Ever since, Austria has endeavored to find 
 some ca&us belli in order to have a free hand 
 in chastising hard-striving Serbia. The much- 
 complicated Macedonian question was settled 
 by the Balkan League of 1912, whereby the 
 Turks, to the astonishment of the world, were 
 all but driven out of Europe. The treacherous 
 Bulgars, upon the wink of ever-envious Aus- 
 tria, in open defiance of her secret treaty with 
 Serbia by virtue of which the dispute concern- 
 ing territory in Macedonia should have been 
 submitted for a final decision to Russia, at- 
 tacked her ally in the hope of renching out 
 of her and Greece the whole of Macedonia, 
 only, however, to receive severe punishment 
 by the armies of King Peter in the memorable 
 battle of Bregalnica. 
 
 The defeat of the sultan's forces in all 
 parts of European Turkey had been a tre- 
 mendous blow to Austria-Hungary, and es- 
 pecially to Germany. The defeat of Austria's 
 protegee, Bulgaria, by Serbia, the Greek occu- 
 pation of Salonica and especially the rise in 
 power and prestige of Serbia the friend of 
 Russsia and the apostle of Jugo-slav (or South 
 Slav), emancipation constituted for the Cen- 
 tral Powers a still greater catastrophe. Only 
 prompt action could retrieve such a miscarry- 
 ing of the Austro-German plans, and it is not 
 surprising to hear that already in 1913, Aus- 
 tria was bent on declaring war on Serbia and 
 endeavored to secure the support of Italy. As 
 this support was not forthcoming, action was 
 deferred for the moment, and a huge army 
 bill was introduced in Germany to regain the 
 balance of power and make ready for any 
 eventuality. 
 
 Serbia, after having settled the distribu- 
 tion of conquered territory between her allies 
 in a broad and generous spirit, wherein the 
 abandoned even the dearly paid coast of Al- 
 
 JTHB SOtTTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 13 
 
 bania for the sake of peace with threatening 
 Austria, gladly hung up her sword and pre- 
 pared for a period of peace and recuperation, 
 of social and industrial advancement. 
 
 THE MURDER OF FERDINAND. 
 
 Such was the position when, on June 28th, 
 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to 
 the Hapsburg throne, and his consort were in 
 a most mysterious manner murdered in the 
 streets of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Who 
 arranged that tragedy? Was it known pre- 
 viously in Vienna and Budapest, or in Bel- 
 grade, or also in all the three capitals? This 
 will remain for some time a mystery. But let 
 us be objective and consider only the facts. 
 
 Sir Valentine Chirol, in his "Serbia and 
 the Serbs" (Oxford, 1914), wrote about it: 
 "The absence of the most elementary precau- 
 tions for his (the archduke's) safety during 
 the visit to Sarajevo, though according to the 
 Austrians themselves the whole of Bosnia was 
 honeycombed with sedition, is an awkward 
 fact which has not hitherto been explained." 
 
 On the morrow of the crime the press of 
 Vienna and Budapest started a violent cam- 
 paign against Serbia, openly putting upon the 
 Serbian Government the responsibility for the 
 assassination. It availed nothing to point out 
 that a country still bleeding from the wounds 
 of two desperate wars, whose most urgent need 
 was a period of quiet and of internal consoli- 
 dation, could not have chosen itself in new un- 
 favorable a moment to involve itself in new 
 difficulties with a powerful neighbor; it pro- 
 duced no evidence to prove that the assassins 
 were Serbian subjects. In the words of Dr. R. 
 W. Seton- Watson ("The War and Democra- 
 cy," 1915) : "Bosnia, Dalmatia and Croatia are 
 a seething pot which needs no stirring from 
 the outside." The Austro-Hungarian press set 
 itself deliberately to spread the idea that the 
 outrage had been organized in and by Serbia, 
 and certain classes of people were, unfortunate- 
 ly, too ready to admit anything sensational and 
 too deaf to the voice of Belgrade to hear any- 
 thing else. Although the Bosnian Serbs were 
 always referred to in Austria by such names 
 as "die Bosniaken" or "die Orthodoxen aus 
 Bosnien" (i. e., "the Bosnians' or "the Ortho- 
 doxes of Bosnia"), the perpetrators, who are 
 unmistakably Austrian subjects, were referred 
 to invariably as "Serben" (i. e., Serbians), 
 and in such a manner as to give the impression 
 that they were Serbs from 'Serbia.
 
 U THE 
 
 AUSTRIA FOR WAR 
 
 It was at 6 P. M. on July 23rd that the 
 Austro-Hungarian minister in Belgrade handed 
 to the minister for foreign affairs the note 
 embodying the demands of Austria and insist- 
 ing on a reply within forty-eight hours. 
 
 The Serbian Goverment was charged with 
 fomenting a revolutionary propaganda, having 
 for its object the detachment of part of the 
 territory of Austria-Hungary from the monar- 
 chy. It was averred, though no proof was given 
 and no dossier communicated, that the Sera- 
 jevo assasinations were planned and the mur- 
 derers equipped in Belgrade. The note was an 
 absolute ultimatum which no sovereign state 
 with any pride at all could accept. Yet the 
 Serbian Goverment exceeded all expectations 
 in the direction of conciliation, expressing its 
 readiness to refer any point either to the Hague 
 Tribunal or to the Powers who had taken a 
 part in the settlement of annexation of Bosnia- 
 Herzegovina. 
 
 A conciliatory answer was neither expected 
 nor wanted, however. The very evening of 
 the delivery of the Serbian reply the Austrian 
 minister was instructed to leave Belgrade, and 
 on the 28th of July, 1914, Austria declared war 
 on Serbia. 
 
 Within the next two days Austria awoke 
 to the startling fact that Russia was beginning 
 to move. In spite of the German ambassador's 
 assurances that the Czar would not and could 
 not fight, he had decided to intervene. At this 
 appearance of a full-grown adversary Vienna 
 pulled a very long face and, on July 31st, the 
 Ballplatz suddenly consented to eliminate from 
 the ultimatum those demands which involved 
 a violation of the sovereignty of Serbia, to 
 discuss certain others, and in short to reopen 
 the whole question. It was too late. Germany, 
 having jockeyed Austria into a position from 
 which there was no escape, declared war on 
 Russia the next day. Other declarations fol- 
 lowed in a rapid succession and the world's 
 greatest cataclysm started. 
 
 THE BRAVE SERBIANS 
 
 How severely punished were the three 
 successive Austro-Hungarian "punitive expe- 
 ditions" by the brave armies of the little 
 kingdom and how the survivors of Kumanovo, 
 Bregalnica, Jadar and Belgrade were, one year 
 later, attacked by the combined forces of 
 
 SLAV'S APPfiAL 
 
 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey 
 and even the brigandry of Albania, is still too 
 fresh in the memory of the world to be recalled 
 here. Before the tremendous multitude of 
 German cannon, which in the words of King 
 Peter, "prevented with their range the very 
 sight of their gunners", the remainder of the 
 Serbian army had been ebliged to retreat and 
 to reorganize itself for fresh attempts. And if 
 the fortune of war has really turned to the 
 Allies the Serbs may succeed not only in restor- 
 ing their lost kingdoms of Serbia and Monte- 
 negro but also to free and unite into a power- 
 ful homogenous state their brothers across the 
 Sava, Danube and Drina as also those living on 
 the Adriatic Coast. Thus it is to be hoped 
 that, recognizing the principle of nationality, 
 the great national unions of France, Germany 
 and Italy will be followed by that of 'the 
 South Slavs to which group belong the Ser- 
 bians, Croats, and the Slovenians. 
 
 THE SERBO-CROATS AND SLOVENES 
 
 UNDER AUSTRIA-HUNGARY'S 
 
 MISRULE. 
 
 A 'Southern Slav patriot has said that 
 no greater misfortune has befallen the 
 Southern Slavs than to pass under dominion 
 of civilized Austria. Had they been obliged 
 to share the fate of their brothers, the Serbs 
 they would certainly have tasted all the 
 misery of the Turkish yoke, but to-day they 
 would be free, as an independent state with a 
 right to their own national and intellectual 
 development. The one thing Turkey has left 
 untouched in the Serbs the heart of the 
 people is the very thing that Austria has 
 sought to destroy in her Southern Slav sub- 
 jects. Turkish captivity has steeled the hearts 
 of the Slavs she oppressed, but Austrian cap- 
 tivity has cankered them and made them 
 effete. 
 
 In many respects this pessimistic view is 
 justified. The struggle of the Southern Slavs 
 for national life has passed through many 
 phases, and has exhausted itself in many more. 
 The Croats have elected, after the extinction 
 of their royal family in 1102, the King Kolo- 
 man of Hungary for their own. After the 
 passing away of the house of Arpad, they 
 elected independently of Hungary Ferdinand 
 I of Hapsburg as their ruler (in 1527). By 
 their own free will they adopted the prag-
 
 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 inatical sanction of 1712, by which they ap- 
 proved the accession of female, where there 
 was no male, as heir to the throne. For cen- 
 turies the Southern Slavs stood under the 
 protection of "Heaven militant," and his 
 motto was, "For faith and freedom." During 
 the time of Turkish power they aquired a 
 noble name ' ' Antemurale ( hristianitatis" 
 (outworks of Christianity), for their courage- 
 ous watching over the prosperity of Christian- 
 ity and the culture of Europe. 
 
 As a distinctly autonomous state, Croatia 
 dealt with Austria and with Hungary on the 
 principle of equality, and she was recognized 
 as such so long as she was needed for their 
 defense. 
 
 German "kultur" and Magyar lack of 
 culture were held in equal abomination by the 
 Slav nations, upon whom they were to be in- 
 flicted, and the ruthless spoliation to which 
 they were' likewise subjected engendered a 
 deep-seated animosity. The Northern Slavs, 
 who possess more practical business capacity 
 than the Southern, did not allow themselves 
 to be economically strangled, and even con- 
 trived to hold their own in this respect; where- 
 as, the Southern Slavs, being mainly an 
 agricultural people, found themselves the 
 helpless victims of Austria and Hungarian 
 rapacity. Dalmatia, one of the loveliest spots 
 in Europe, has for the last century known no 
 privilege except that of paying taxes, and Aus- 
 tria's maladministration of that country has 
 become proverbial. 
 
 Croatia and Slavonia fare little better. 
 They have to pay 56 per cent of their revenues 
 to Hungary. This tax figures under the head 
 of "contributions to mutual interests," chief- 
 ly represented by the railways and the postal 
 system. The annual income from these two 
 sources amount to 250,000,000 crowns, but of 
 this Croatia never receives a penny ! The net 
 profit all goes to Hungary, who brazenly 
 employs it as a subvention to the Magyar 
 propaganda in Croatia. The condition of 
 Carniola and Istria is almost as deplorable as 
 that of Dalmatia, and in Bosnia and Herze- 
 govina the Austro-Hungarian government has 
 for thirtyfive years built villages "after the 
 pattern of Potemkin," for the edification of 
 foreign journalists, while the people have been 
 left to starve or sink into poverty and 
 ignorance. 
 
 The numerous foreign tourists who have 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 16 
 
 traveled in these beautiful countries have seen 
 nothing of Austria's "work of civilization," 
 as they are kept to the beaten tracks specially 
 prepared for them, and they only see the coun- 
 try like a carefully staged panorama on the 
 films of the imperial and royal picture show! 
 But had these travelers caught a glimpse of 
 the abject misery of the people, their pleasure 
 in these beautiful coutries would have been 
 spoilt, and they would have better understood 
 why the inhabitants are rebelling against the 
 "blessing" of Austro-Hungarian rule. 
 
 The history of these provinces during the 
 past generation is one of neglect and mis- 
 government. Croatia has been exploited by 
 the Magyars, and the narrow interests of 
 Buda-Pest have prevented railway develop- 
 ment and hampered local industries by skill- 
 ful manipulation of tariffs and taxation. A 
 further result is that even today Dalmatia has 
 no railway connection with the rest of Europe, 
 and those of Bosnia are artificially directed 
 toward Buda-Pest, rather than toward Zagreb, 
 Vienna and Western Europe. It is not much 
 to say, that the situation of those provinces 
 had become less favorable than it was at 
 earlier periods of their history; for the old 
 system of trade routes had broken down there 
 as elsewhere in Europe, but had not been re- 
 placed by modern communications. The 
 century-old roads built by the French are the 
 only roads in Dalmatia and Croatia, although 
 the French rule under Napoleon was only of 
 short duration, it did more for the Southern 
 Slav lands in three years than Austria did 
 during the century that followed. 
 
 In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria pur- 
 sued the same heartless policy. Out of the 
 three religions of one people she made three 
 nationalities, and then fostered dissensions 
 between them. Austria was not in the least 
 interested in the prosperity of the country, 
 and merely created an intolerable chaos by her 
 political intrigue in a land that had already 
 suffered beyond endurance. Her evidences of 
 civilization exhibited before the world were 
 pure humbug. 
 
 There have always been two fatal ob- 
 stacles to an Austrian solution of the Southern 
 Slav problem Magyar hegemony and the 
 dual system, to which alone that hegemony 
 owed its survival. Under the compromise of 
 1867, the dual monarchy is composed of two 
 equal and separate states: the empire of Aus-
 
 16 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 tria and kingdom of Hungary, each possessing 
 a distinct parliament and cabinet of its own, 
 but both sharing between them the three joint 
 ministries of foreign affairs, war and finance. 
 
 This system really secured the political 
 power in Austria and Hungary to two races 
 the Germans and the Magyars, and they, as 
 the strongest in each country, fought off the 
 next strongest, the Poles and the Croats, by 
 the grant of autonomy to Galicia and Croatia. 
 
 Thus it came to an agreement between 
 the Croats and Hungarian in 1868. This agree- 
 ment by no means satisfied the aspirations of 
 the Croats, but it gave them the required foot- 
 ing against Magyar oligarchy. It was but a 
 short period after this agreement was signed 
 that it became a mere "scrap of paper." The 
 "Ban" (governor) of Croatia became a mere 
 exponent of the Hungarian government. Con- 
 tempt of the constitution and corruption were 
 the first fruits of the agreement under 
 Hungarian influence in Croatia. 
 
 Inability of the goverment to get the 
 majority of the representatives for their un- 
 constitutional ruling was a cause for the policy 
 of brutal imperialism then inaugurated which 
 remained in force to this day. From '1883 to 
 1903 Count Carl Khuen Hedervary was ban 
 of Croatia, and the twenty years of his 
 administration have been the blackest period 
 as regards political, economic and personal 
 thraldom. 
 
 In the ollowing ten years six administra- 
 tive heads were changed, some of them reigning 
 for only two months. The popular rising of 
 1903 opened new channels for the national 
 struggle ; it was also the prelude to the hardest 
 and bitterest time that the Southern Slavs have 
 yet been called upon to face. Two years later, 
 in the election of 1905, the opposition parties 
 won a brilliant victory. Not one goverment 
 candidate was returned. The sessions of these 
 parliaments were very short because the depu- 
 ties refused to pass such goverment bills which 
 were against the interest of the people, and 
 there are very, very few for the poeple. 
 
 The history of Croatia is the history of 
 * 'tepeated persecutions and tyranny. Whole 
 ' books might be written to illustrate the con- 
 tentions that in matter of education, admini- 
 stration and justice, of association and assem- 
 bly, of the franchise and the press, the Croats 
 have long been the victims of repression which 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 is without any parallel in civilized Europe. 
 But the people stood firm. The dire sufferings 
 of recent years have begotten a new and 
 healthy movement, which includes the entire 
 youth of Croatia. They began to go along the 
 path which leads away from Hungary, and 
 away from Austria, back to union with their 
 scattered kindred. Their aim is the establish- 
 ment of a great, free and independent Jugo- 
 slavia (Southern Slav State). 
 
 The Southern Slavs in Dalmatia, Carniola 
 and Istra fared little better than their brothers 
 in Croatia and Slavonia. We have already 
 alluded to the economic neglect of Dalmatia. In 
 politics, Germanization was practiced in much 
 the same way as Magyarization in Croatia. 
 Dalmatia, unfortunately, does not enjoy inde- 
 pendence, even on paper, and thus her oppres- 
 sion could wear a perfectly constitutional guise. 
 The Dalmatian "sabor", like that of Istria and 
 Carniola, is an assembly quite at the mercy of 
 the viceroy for the time being, who would 
 never dream of convoking it unless he had 
 made quite sure that no inconvenient resolu- 
 tions would be passed. As a rule these "sabors" 
 enjoy prolonged periods of rest, and the people 
 are only represented by their delegates in the 
 Viennese reichstrat, but they are too few. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV HISTORY AND THE 
 IDEA OF UNITY. 
 
 SOUTHERN SLAV, or Jugoslav, history 
 from the earliest times up to the present day, 
 presents the record of a people who, though 
 stubborn in resistance, are by no means aggress- 
 ive, and w r ho, notwithstanding the great and 
 exceptional misfortunes that have befallen 
 them, have succeeded in preserving their 
 national individuality, and in asserting them- 
 selves as a homegeneous nation full of youth 
 and vitality. 
 
 In virtue of their geographical position, 
 which makes the Jugoslav lands the most direct 
 link between the East and West that is to say, 
 between Western, Central, and Southern 
 Europe on the one hand, and the Balkans, the 
 Adriatic, and Asia Minor on the other these 
 territories have always been the arena of great 
 political rivalries and fierce racial conflicts. 
 Many powerful states, ambitious of conquest, 
 and aspiring towards aggrandizement Byzan- 
 tium, Hungary, Turkey, and Venice have for 
 centuries in turn made countless efforts to
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 17 
 
 break the Jugoslav resistance, which thwarted 
 their ambitions and desires. Despite apparent 
 temporary success, these efforts have proved 
 virtually fruitless, and have so far failed to 
 bring about the desired results. It is true 
 that, during the course of these gigantic 
 struggles, the Jugoslavs have outwardly suc- 
 cumbed and been subjugated by other nations. 
 It is also true that they were by adverse cir- 
 cumstances checked in the full tide of progress, 
 and therefore failed to crystallize their civiliza- 
 tion or to establish their union. Nevertheless, 
 at the cost of tenacious struggles and countless 
 sacrifices they have at last succeeded in creat- 
 ing conditions which ought to assure their union 
 in the future. A considerable portion of the 
 Jugoslav territory has formed itself into the 
 independent kingdoms of Serbia and Monte- 
 negro. Such of the Jugoslavs as are still 
 subject to a foreign yoke, look fodward to a 
 union with these two states; they are keenly 
 conscious of belonging to the same nation, and 
 deeply desirous of forming part of the one 
 motherland. 
 
 A close study of the history of our nation 
 cannot fail to reveal the fact, that from its 
 origin to the present day and throughout the 
 centuries it presents a record of continuous 
 efforts to realise the great idea of Southern 
 Slav Unity. These efforts can be plainly 
 discerned in spite of the 4reat obstacles which 
 have at times partially obscured this. The 
 leading idea in all our progress and develop- 
 ment was the idea of Southern Slav unity. 
 
 Take, for instance, the earlier periods of 
 our history, the age of the Serbian prince 
 Caslav (10th century) and the Croatian King 
 Zvonimir (llth century) and the Slovene 
 Emperor Samo (7th century). What do we 
 find but that these various early attempts to 
 form small States merely represent the first 
 beginnings of he creation of our national 
 Unity, without regard to the fact that this or 
 that branch of the nation belongs to the 
 ethnical unit of the Serbs, Croats or Slovenes? 
 
 Or take the great struggle for the use of 
 the Slav tongue in Divine Service a struggle 
 which began in the days of the first Slav 
 apostles Cyril and Method (9th century), and 
 is still being fought out at the present day? 
 What is the inner meaning of this struggle if 
 not one aspect of the great struggle for national 
 Unity on the part of the whole nation? And 
 is not this thousand-year-old struggle, which 
 
 has been maintained in the face of great odds 
 and is being prosecuted to-day with as much 
 vigour as in past ages, in itself the most 
 beautiful proof that the different provinces 
 inhabited by our nation desire to establish at 
 least an ethical union, if they can attain to no 
 other? Even in Istria, in the most remote of 
 our western Catholic districts, the Southern 
 Slavs desire to hear Divine Service held in the 
 Slav tongue, simply that they may not lose this 
 bond of union between themselves and their 
 Orthodox brothers in the east, in the valley of 
 the Vardar, where the Slavs have never been 
 denied the right to use their native tongue in 
 the Church. This and this alone is the true 
 meaning of this struggle. 
 
 What is the true significance of the labours 
 and achievements of the Serbian Emperor 
 Dusan (14th century) and his contemporary 
 Tvrtko, King of Bosnia these two great rulers, 
 one of whom was lord over the eastern half 
 of the Balkan Peninsula, while the other ruled 
 the west unless they were efforts to accom- 
 plish the Union of all our nation, which unfort- 
 unately could not be realised at that time, 
 owing to insurmountable obstacles? 
 
 Finally, what were those desperate and 
 un remittent struggles against the Turks, in 
 which every branch of the Southern Slav nation 
 has borne its share whether dwelling in 
 Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Hercegovina, Dal- 
 matia, Southern Hungary, Slavonia, Croatia, 
 Istria, Carinthia, Carniola or Styria but 
 simply one great struggle on the part of one 
 single people? When numbers of our nation 
 migrated north and west from the Balkan? 
 before the overwhelming pressure of the Turks, 
 this circumstance merely led to the strengthen- 
 ing of the spirit of the race. It was due to this 
 that Marko Kraljevic, a Serbian King of Mace- 
 donia, became the chief national hero of the 
 entire Serb, Croat and Slovene nation, and that 
 the popular ballads telling of his exploits are 
 sung and known wherever the Southern Slav 
 tongue is spoken. 
 
 When finally the dawn of the nineteenth 
 century gave us thebeginnings of emancipation 
 and national re-birth, it also brought the syste- 
 matic realisation of our national unity. It 
 would be a mistake to believe that Kara George 
 Petrovic, the leader of the Serbian insurgents, 
 and Miles Obrenovic, he first prince of the 
 country, had only the emancipation of Serbia 
 in their minds, or that Petar I and Petar II
 
 18 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 Petrovic Njegos, Prince-Bishops of Montenegro 
 thought merely of freeing their own particular 
 country, because they did not at the time 
 attempt the deliverance of the other Southern 
 Slav countries as well. No. The souls of 
 both Serbs and Montenegrins are too deeply 
 steeped in the great traditions of the Serbian 
 Empire of the Middle Ages to have forgotten 
 them at such a critical time. This great tradi- 
 tion has ever guided the liberators of the two 
 19th century Serb States in their mission of 
 emancipation, and without it their amazing 
 success would be simply inexplicable. All 
 popular poems, celebrating their achievements, 
 are full of reminiscenes of the glories of the 
 Mediaeval Kings and Emperors of Serbia. 
 
 It would be equally a mistake to believe 
 that the national awakening of the Croats and 
 Slovenes in the 19th century was a purely 
 local renascence due to a struggle for material 
 welfare. No. Since the beginning of the 
 Illyrian movement, both Croats and Slovenes 
 have been inspired by the ideas of their great 
 Kings Zvonimir and 'Samo, and still more by 
 the idea of the ancient kingdom of Illyria, 
 which included the whole of the Balkan 
 Peninsula. 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 It is only natural that during the 19th 
 century the idea of Southern Slav unity was 
 perforce reduced to an ideal of local and 
 partial deliverance. It would have been ^ash 
 and foolish to attempt this vastest programme 
 of all at a time when even the smallest details 
 in his programme had yet to be achieved. This 
 fact was due to circumstances and the exingen- 
 cies of the time, but does not in the least prove 
 that the great Southern Slav idea was lost 
 sight of. Indeed, it was sometimes advisable 
 to conceal it. When the Serbian peasants em- 
 barked on their struggle with the Turks, and 
 took diplomatic action with the Great Powers 
 in order to reap the fruits of their military 
 successes, they could not openly advertise the 
 great ideal of the national emancipation and 
 unification of our whole nation, because the 
 very Chancellories to whom they were apeal- 
 ing would haye looked askance at it. On the 
 contrary, they had to represent this idea as 
 being utterly unimportant, so that they might 
 first realise the organisation of their own 
 little State, which would then serve as a basis 
 for the greater State in the future. 
 
 MESSAGE FROM DR. E. W. SETON-WATSON. 
 
 (Autor of "The Southern Slav Question" and other 
 Books dealing with S. E. Europe.) 
 
 Those who advocate the cause of Southern 
 Slav Unity are to-day no longer voices crying 
 in the wilderness; for it is becoming more and 
 more widely recognized that the cause of Serbia 
 and of her oppressed kinsmen in Austria- 
 Hungary represents a vital European and 
 British interest. The conquest of Serbia by 
 the Central Powers alters nothing in the 
 Southern Slav Programme, even though it 
 renders its realization more remote; and it is 
 a happy omen for the future that it should 
 have been in London that the Serbian Prince- 
 Regent publicly pinned his faith to the Jugoslav 
 idea. 
 
 Either Serbia must achieve the unity of the 
 race, or she, and Montenegro with her, must 
 share the fate of Bosnia and be swallowed up 
 in a victorious Austria. Any other solution 
 would mean a continuance of the intolerable 
 state of misrule and consequent unrest which 
 
 for the past decade has kept the Eastern 
 Adriatic shores and their hinterland in a fer- 
 ment, and contributed so materially to the 
 outbreak of the Great War. Only a radical 
 solution of the Southern Slav question can 
 assure permanent peace to the Balkan Penin- 
 sula. Without Southern Slav unity there can 
 be no serious barrier to those designs of Pan- 
 German hegemony from the North Sea to the 
 Persian Gulf which prompted William II. and 
 his advisers to unchain a wolrd-war. 
 
 Not even the tragedy of last winter can 
 make us despair. Serbia has survived five cen- 
 turies of grinding Turkish oppression, and she 
 will rise once more Pho3nix-like from the ashes 
 of Austrian neglect, Magyar tyranny, and 
 Bulgarian treachery. 
 
 R. W. SETON-WATSON. 
 
 June 20, 1916.
 
 PART II. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE AND THE 
 SOUTHERN SLAV PROGRAMME. 
 
 The suddenness with which Austria- 
 Hungary brought this war upon the nations of 
 Europe placed the Jugoslavs under Austro- 
 Hungarian rule in an extremely difficult 
 position. There was no time to organize a 
 strong resistance against the systematic reign 
 of terror with which they were confronted. 
 According to plans carefully laid beforehand 
 the whole Austrian Jugoslav manhood of mili- 
 tary age was at once summoned to the colours, 
 and almost all representatives of the educated 
 professional classes, especially the leading 
 men of the nation, were imprisoned. Only a 
 very few prominent men were away from 
 Austria at the time or were able to effect their 
 escape. These emigrants opened their patri- 
 otic campaign in Rome, where they began by 
 publishing protests against the reign of terror 
 in the Jugoslav countries, and against the 
 mendacious reports from Austrian and Hungar- 
 ian official sources, whereby efforts were made 
 to represent the Jugoslavs as being in sym- 
 pathy with the aggressive pretensions of their 
 oppressors. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee has been com- 
 posed of the following members : 
 
 President : 
 
 Dr. Ante Trumbic, President of the Croat 
 National Party in the Diet of Dalmatia, 
 late Mayor of Split (Spalato), and late 
 Member for Zadar (Zara) in the Austrian 
 Parliament. (Croat of Split, Dalmatia.) 
 Members : 
 
 Dr. Ante Biankini, President of the Jugo- 
 slav Committee for the U. S. America, 
 Chicago. (Croat, of Starigrad, Dalmatia). 
 
 Jovo Banjanin, late Member of the Croatian 
 Parliament and Delegate to the Parlia- 
 ment at Budapest. (Serb, of Croatia). 
 
 Dr. Ivo De Giulli, Town Councillor of Du- 
 brovnik (Ragusa, Dalmatia). Croat, of 
 Dubrovnik, Dalmatia. 
 
 Dr. Gustav Gregorin, Member in the Aus- 
 
 trian Parliament. (Slovene, of Trst 
 (Trieste). 
 
 Dr. Julije Gazzari, Town Councillor of Si- 
 benik (Sebenico) Dalmatia. (Croat). 
 
 Rev. Don Niko Grskovic, President of the 
 Croatian League of U. S. A. in Cleveland, 
 O. (Croat, of Vrbnik, Istria). 
 
 Dr. Hinko Hinkovic, Member of the Croa- 
 tian Parliament, and Delegate to the Par- 
 liament of Budapest. (Croat, of Croatia). 
 
 Dr. Josip JedlovskX Secretary of the Slo- 
 vene Society "Edinost" and of the Croat 
 School Union in Trst (Croat, of Trst). 
 
 Ciro Kamenarovic, Gen. Mgr. of the "Adria- 
 tic Bank" in Trst (Serb, of Kotor, Catta- 
 ro, Dalmatia). 
 
 Milan Marjanovic, Editor of "Narodno Je- 
 dinstvo" (National Unity) in Zagreb 
 (Agram), Croatia. Croat, of Kastav, Is- 
 tria). 
 
 Ivan Mestrovic, Sculptor (Croat, of Ota vice, 
 Dalmatia). 
 
 Dr. Mice Micic, Town Councillor of Dubrov- 
 nik (Croat, of Dubrovnik, Dalmatia). 
 
 Dr. Franko Potocnjak, late Member of the 
 Croatian Parliament and Delegate to the 
 Parliament in Budapest. (Croat, of Novi, 
 Croatia). 
 
 Prof. Mihailo Pupin, Professor at Columbia 
 University, New York, President of the 
 Serbian League "Sloga" and of the "Srp- 
 ska Narodna Odbrana". (Serb, of Pance- 
 vo, Banat, South Hungary). 
 
 Dr. Milan Srskic, Member of the Bosnian 
 Diet. (Serb, of Bosnia). 
 
 Frano Supilo, Editor of "Novi List", Rije- 
 ka (Fiume), late Member of the Croatian 
 Parliament, and Delegate to the Parlia- 
 ment in Budapest. (Croat). 
 
 Dr. Nikola Stojanovic, Member of the Bos- 
 nian Diet. (Serb, of Herzegovina). 
 
 Dr. Dinko Trinajstic, President of the "Slo- 
 veno-Croatian Society in Istria", and 
 Member of the Istrian Diet. (Croat, of 
 Vrbnik, Istria). 
 
 Dusan Vasiljevic, Vice-President of the Serb
 
 20 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 National Union of Bosnia-Herzegovina". 
 (Serb, of Herzegovina). 
 Dr. Bognmil Vosnjak, Professor of the Uni- 
 versity of Zagreb, and Editor of the "Ve- 
 da" (Slovene, of Gorica, Gorkia). 
 Dr. Nikola Supanic, Curator of the Ethno- 
 graphical Museum. (Slovene, of Metlika, 
 Garni ola). 
 
 During its plenary meeting of June 1916, 
 the Jugoslav Committee elected the following 
 members : 
 
 M. Pasko Baburica, President of the "Jugo- 
 slav" National Defence" in Valparaiso, 
 Chile, (Croat, of Dalmatia). 
 Louis Mitrovic, (Croat) and Louis Moro 
 (Croat), both of Dalmatia, and residing 
 in South America, where they own large 
 commercial interests. 
 
 On May 1, 1915, the Committe presented a 
 memorandum dealing with the national aims 
 of the Jugoslavs and the desperate position in 
 which they are now placed, to M. Delcasse, 
 French Minister of Foreign Affairs, and to M. 
 Isvolsky, Russian Ambassador in Paris. Sub- 
 sequently the Committee, having in the mean- 
 time transferred its headquarters to London, 
 published a manifesto to the British Parlia- 
 ment and to the nation on May 12, 1915, and 
 on July 2, 1915, it presented a duplicate of the 
 Paris Memorandum to Lord Crewe, who was 
 at the time representing Sir Edward Grey at 
 the Foreign Office. 
 
 Through its members and representatives 
 and Members of Parliament, the Parliamenta- 
 ry Committee is in touch with the Ministers 
 and the Press in all the capitals of the Allied 
 Powers; it is in close contact with the re- 
 sponsible leaders of its free and independent 
 
 kinsman in Serbia and Montenegro, in the 
 unredeemned part of the nation still en- 
 slaved in Austria-Hungary, and with the 
 numerous Jugoslav emigrant communities 
 in the North and South Americas, and in the 
 British Colonies. 
 
 The Committee have been deeply gratified 
 by the sympathy and appreciation of their la- 
 bours on behalf of their country and country- 
 men extended to them in political and intel- 
 lectual circles among the Allied nations ; their 
 thanks are equally due to the Press which in 
 all the friendly countries has taken a keen in- 
 terest in their cause and given it full attention. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee, whose head- 
 quarters are in London, England (54. Chejp- 
 stow Villas, Bayswater), has offices in follow- 
 ing countries: 
 
 France (Paris) ; 
 
 Russia (Petrograd and Odessa) ; 
 
 Switzerland (Geneve) ; 
 
 United States (Cleveland, 0.) ; 
 
 Chile (Valparaiso). 
 
 The Jugoslav Committee publishes: 
 
 "The Southern Slav Bulletin" (Semi- 
 monthly) in London. 
 
 "Le Bulletin Yougoslave" (Paris). 
 
 "The Southern Slav Library" (1. "The 
 Southern 'Slav Programme"; 2. "The South- 
 ern Slav Land and People; 3. "A sketch of 
 the Southern Slav History"; 4. "Southern 
 Slav Culture"; 5. "Idea of Southern Slav Uni- 
 ty"; 6. "The Slovenians". 
 
 "Biblioteque Yougoslave". (Paris. Pub- 
 lishes all the above pamphlets in French). 
 
 "The Map of the Jugoslav Territory." 
 
 "The Persecution of the Jugoslav" (The 
 same in French).
 
 THE JUGOSLAV MEMORANDUM. 
 
 A PART OP THE MEMORANDUM OF THE JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE IN LONDON 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE REPRESENTATIVES OF FRANCE, 
 
 RUSSIA AND ENGLAND IN 1915. 
 
 All Jugoslavs, whether Serbs, Croats, or 
 Slovenes, confidently believe that this war will 
 bring about the union of all the branches and 
 all the territory of their race into one inde- 
 pendent State. This belief is based on the 
 solemn and oft-repeated assurances given by 
 the representatives of the Triple Entente 
 touching the realization and sure maintance of 
 the principles of nationality. It has saved the 
 still enslaved nations of our race from despair ; 
 it has been the mainspring of the moral force 
 whence arose the prodigious heroism of Ser- 
 bia and Montenegro when, by blocking the ad- 
 vance of the Austrian armies, they rendered 
 such gallant service to the cause of the Allies. 
 
 Serbia and Montenegro are not waging a 
 war of aggression to extend their frontiers. 
 These two Serbian states are the champions 
 of liberation for all Jugoslav alike, as are also 
 our helpers in the common task of establishing 
 our national existence in our own united coun- 
 try. 
 
 THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE IN JUGOSLAV 
 HISTORY. 
 
 This idea of national and political unity 
 was in the minds of the great rulers of our 
 national Empires before the Turkish invasion ; 
 it was the ideal of all martyrs of our race dur- 
 ing the time of the Ottoman oppression; it in- 
 spired our national poetry and the works of 
 the great thinkers and poets of Dubrovnik 
 (Ragusa), to whom Napoleon I. owed his idea 
 of a united Illyria; it gave strenght to the 
 heroic resistance of the Montenegrins, and to 
 the rising under Karadjordje which gave birth 
 to the modern Serbia. It directed every action 
 of the great Njegos, inspired the policy of 
 Price Michael, and has been the goal of the 
 entire house of Karadjordjevic and of Petro- 
 vic. It accomplished the renascence of the Cro- 
 ats and Slovenes, which bore such heroic fruit 
 in the struggles of 1848, and irradiates the life- 
 work of the great Bishop Strossmayer. It was 
 the primary cause of the long and often sangui- 
 nary struggles of the Croats for their inde- 
 
 pendence and unity, and of all the national 
 struggles in Dalmatia, Istria, Rieka (Fiume), 
 and South Hungary, in the 'Slovene lands, and 
 in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Political deliverence, 
 the integrity of our national territory, and the 
 foundation of a unified State have been the 
 final aim of all Pan-Croatian and Pan-Serbian 
 aspirations, of every constitutional struggle and 
 of every riot and insurrection throughout our 
 lands, whether in Austria-Hungary or in the 
 Balkans. Strenghthened by the principles of 
 democracy, and crowned by the successes of 
 the Serbian arms in the recent Balkan wars, 
 this idea has now assumed a precise and de- 
 finite form. The present war has given it the 
 sanction and support of the civilized world, 
 and our national ideal is ripe for realization. 
 
 AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN OPPOSITION TO 
 THE JUGOSLAV IDEA. 
 
 Austria-Hungary has vainly pitted all her 
 strenght against the Jugoslav idea. By every 
 means in her power she has tried to compro- 
 mise, to defame, and to crush it. To this end she 
 established the Dualism in the Monachy, par- 
 celled out the Jugoslavs in detached provinces, 
 mutilated the kingdom of Croatia, and sought 
 to germanize the Slovenes and to magyarize 
 the Croats. To this end Bosnia-Herzegovina 
 was first occupied and finally annexed. To 
 this end innumerable political charges were 
 brought against the Jugoslav and they were 
 subjected to endless persecutions. To this end 
 she encouraged mutual jealousies and conflicts 
 between the Slav states in the Balkans, and 
 finally, by threatening the soverign rights of 
 Serbia, Austria unchained the present war. 
 
 For, in her subservience to German Im- 
 perialism, Austria thought by this war to 
 crush Jugoslavdom, the great obstacle in the 
 path of Germany and herself towards the East. 
 She provoked the war, because she believed 
 that the Jugoslav question could no longer be 
 solved by partial or palliative measures, and 
 she flung herself upon Serbia to absorb her, 
 and with her the Jugoslavs. But when Austria,
 
 22 
 
 ITHB SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 as Germany's vassal state and pioneer, en- 
 countered the national resistance of Serbia, the 
 Powers of the Triple Entente rose on behalf 
 of the smaller nation. In this way the Jugo- 
 slav question became a European problem, and 
 it is of paramount importance to Europe that 
 it should be fully and finally solved; only a 
 complete solution will ensure the results for 
 which the Triple Entente has gone to war. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV IDEA. 
 
 Our nation, which has suffered so cruelly 
 and been so often deceived, is determined that 
 its fate shall be decided once and for all, even 
 at the uttermost cost. Our unnatural existence 
 and constant sufferings must be ended ; we de- 
 sire peace and peaceful development. We hold 
 that we have a right to be something more 
 than a subject for intrigues and a pawn on 
 the chess-board of foreign interests. Neither 
 will we continue to bring slaughter and ruin 
 upon each other at the bidding of strangers. 
 The Jugoslav people, known in history 
 as Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, are all mem- 
 bers of one and the same nation, with all the 
 necessary conditions for the formation of an 
 independent national state, and they have 
 every ethnographical and historical right to 
 the territory which they inhabit and in which 
 they form a compact population. 
 
 INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE JUGOSLAV LANDS 
 
 All these lands form an ethnical unit ; they 
 are geographically contiguous, and economi- 
 cally interdependent. 
 
 Serbia and Montenegro with Bosnia-Her- 
 cegovina cannot attain their normal develop- 
 ment without the possession of Dalmatia ; de- 
 tached from its hinterland the Dalmation coast 
 would be valueless for commerce and naviga- 
 tion, and the safety of Dalmatia would be per- 
 manently jeopardized, were she deprived of 
 her achipelago. One reason why Austria-Hun- 
 gary occupied and annexed Bosnia-Hercegovi- 
 na was that she already possessed Dalmatia. 
 Dalmatia and the Dalmatian archipelago must 
 properly belong to the owner of Bosnia-Herce- 
 govina. 
 
 Moreover, in the Middle Ages, Dalmatia 
 formed an integrant part of the Jugoslav 
 states whether Serbian or Croatian which 
 arose during the course of history, and when 
 she was incorporated with Austria, Dalmatia 
 herself evinced the tendency towards union 
 with other Jugoslav countries. As the utmost 
 that could at that time be aspired to, she asked 
 to be united with Croatia-Slavonia, and the 
 
 Diets of Zadar (Zara) and Zagreb (Agram) 
 have never ceased to demand such a union. 
 Obviously these demands were prompted by a 
 strong desire on the part of our countrymen in 
 Dalmatia to be united with the rest of the 
 Jugoslav race. 
 
 For centuries Croatia-Slavonia sturdily 
 defended her autonomy against Germanism 
 and Austrian centralization no less than a- 
 gainst Magyarization. In a union of all Ju- 
 goslav countries Croatia would at once take 
 her proper place ; first of all for ethnical rea- 
 sons; secondly, because her national and po- 
 litical renascence was accomplished under the 
 banner of a great Jugoslav movement, and be- 
 cause the Croatian Diets have always demand- 
 ed Jugoslav unity, territorial integrity, and 
 political independence ; and finally because her 
 three great waterways, the Sava, the Drava, 
 and the Danube, as well as the railway that 
 traverses the country and connects Belgrade 
 with Rieke (Fiume) render Croatia the na- 
 tural intermediat link between eastern and 
 western Jugoslavia. 
 
 Rieka (Fiume) is the only natural and 
 praticable seaport for Croatia-Slavonia, and 
 at present also for Serbia. The right of Croa- 
 tia to Fiume as an incontestable part of her 
 territory was never called into question before 
 the falsification of 66 of the Croato-Hunga- 
 rian Agreement in 1868. As a result of this 
 crime Hungary deprived Croatia of the ad- 
 ministration of the town and seaport of Rieka, 
 just as she had in 1861 deprived her of the 
 administration of the Medjumurje,a purely 
 Croatian district between the Drava and its 
 affluent the Mur. As a port Rieka is valueless 
 without its hinterland, and this again cannot 
 thrive without its natural seaport. A Jugoslav 
 Rieka is of vital necessity to Croatia-Slavonia, 
 Serbia, and a large part of Istria and Carniola. 
 
 The possession of the Quarnero (Kvarner) 
 Islands and of Eastern Istria is inseparably 
 bound up with Rieka, just as Western Istria 
 is bound up with Trst (Trieste), the only sea- 
 port of the Slovene hinterland. 
 
 In the hands of the Jugoslavs, Trst 
 (Trieste) would prove, economically speaking, 
 an important stronghold against German eco- 
 nomic pressure, and nobody would stand to 
 benefit more by this than France and England. 
 
 If the Jugoslav lands were deprived of 
 Trieste and their communication with the sea, 
 they could no longer be sufficiently strong to 
 resist German southward pressure, which is 
 continually encroaching on the Slovene territo-
 
 THE SOtfttfE'JtN SLAV'S APPfiAL 
 
 23 
 
 ry in Carinthia and Styria. Only the posses- 
 sion of Trieste, Carinthia, and Southern Styria 
 can enable the Slovenes to block the advance 
 of Germanism towards the Mediterranean, and 
 so accomplish their mission as the Alpine 
 Guard of the Adriatic and Jugoslavdom. In 
 this capacity they would serve the interests of 
 all the opponents of Pan-Germanism, and en- 
 sure the security of the Mediterranean Powers 
 as well as the national existence of all the Ju- 
 goslav countries. 
 
 There are in Hungary 102,000 Slovenes 
 living between the Mur and the Raab, and 
 800,000 Serbo-Croats north of the Drava and 
 Danube. This entire population, which con- 
 sists largely of wealthy landholders, can only 
 be saved from forcible Magyarization by union 
 with the brothers of their race. If they be 
 permitted to remain Jugoslavs, the fertile 
 plains of the Backa and Banat will be pre- 
 served to the nation and furnish the other 
 Jugoslav countries with the granary they re- 
 quire. 
 
 Any partition of the national territory, 
 and above all things the cession of any part 
 whatsoever to a foreign Power, would not 
 only seriously impede the development of Ju- 
 goslav unity and violate the principle of na- 
 tionnality, but prove a mere repetition of the 
 Austrian system, and a fresh source of endless 
 conflicts and collisions. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLE OF JUGOSLAV FUTURE 
 POLICY. 
 
 All questions as to the modes and forme 
 of the grouping of our nation in the future 
 state must be considered as internal questions, 
 to be settled in accordance with the free de- 
 cision of the whole nation. 
 
 After centuries of struggle for existence 
 our nation feels the need of peace, and there- 
 
 fore earnestly desires to live in perfect accord 
 with its neighbors. United in one State, it 
 will posess all the necessary attributes to be- 
 come an element of order and progress in 
 South-eastern Europe. Neither numbers nor 
 aggressive propensities will render the Jugo- 
 slavs a danger to their neighbors, more 
 especially because the great problems of their 
 own organization will fully occupy thier ener- 
 gies. 
 
 Tolerant in religious matters both by 
 nature and because of its democratic senti- 
 ments, our nation, once free and united, will 
 see no cause to persecute other creeds and 
 nationalities, more especially as we ourselves 
 do not profess the same creed, a circumstance 
 which neither impedes nor prevents the unity 
 of our sentiments and interests. Our nation 
 therefore contains in itself the necessary 
 guarantees for religious liberty. 
 
 Our nation inhabits the entire eastern 
 coast of the Adriatic. In this district we are 
 above all things anxious to live in complete 
 economic co-operation with all our neighbours 
 by land and by sea, and to utilize our natural 
 talents, not in warfare, but for the further- 
 ance of peace, by placing them at the service 
 of civilization and commerce. It will be to 
 our own economic advantage to throw open 
 our ports to commerce and to guarantee the 
 freedom of the routes of communication be- 
 tween those ports, and of all traffic with our 
 hinterland. 
 
 Thus the interests of our nation coincide 
 entirely with those of peace and universal civi- 
 lization, and especially with the interests 
 which inspired the great Powers of the Triple 
 Entente, when they took up arms against a 
 brutal Imperialism, that perpetul menace to 
 peace.
 
 THE STATISTIC NOTES IN SUPPORT OF THE 
 SOUTHERN SLAVS UNITY 
 
 The Adriatic Barrier Against Germanism 
 
 The Slovenes are the natural barrier 
 against the German thrust towards the 
 Adriatic. This deserving, progressive, and 
 energetic people, which is a pure branch of 
 the Jugoslav race, effectively closes the way 
 to Germanism on the southern German ethno- 
 graphic boundary in Carinthia and Styria 
 that is to say, upon a frontier line of 120 km. as 
 the crow flies. In the event of the Slovenes in 
 Carnia and the littoral not being liberated and 
 united with the rest of their Jugoslav brothers, 
 or the Slovenes in Carinthia and Styria being 
 sacrificed to the German Austrians, the 
 Germans could very soon and with ease advance 
 by the Drava-Mura line (Celovac [Klagenfurt] 
 and Maribor [Marburg]) to the Carso, to the 
 Adriatic, to Trst, and Rieka, and a progressive 
 nation of 1,400,000 souls would certainly 
 perish. 
 
 Importance of the Slovenes 
 
 The Slovenes are the most western of the 
 Jugoslavs, and they are Catholics by religion. 
 Their mountainous country lies in the direct 
 line between Germany and the Adriatic, and 
 tli is is why the possession of their territory is 
 of such supreme importance for the defence 
 of the Mediterranean against Germanization. 
 But the Slovenes can hold their own and 
 accomplish their task if they are united with 
 their Jugoslav brothers in one State of suf- 
 ficient strength. There are in all 1,400,000 
 Slovenes. Italy is demanding 420,000, and if 
 the 110,000 Slovens in Hungary, and another 
 120,000 in Carnia are sacrificed to other aspira- 
 tions, a total of 610,000 Slovens, or almost the 
 half of the nation, would remain under foreign 
 rule. In the case of the further cession of 
 Southern Styria with 410,000 Slovene inha- 
 bitants, only 380,000 Slovenes would remain to 
 profit by liberation and union with their 
 brothers. The application of such a policy of 
 dismemberment to a small nation in an import- 
 ant geographical position would mean its 
 inevitable destruction. 
 
 Incomplete Liberation and Unification of the 
 Jugoslavs 
 
 There are thirteen million Jugoslavs living 
 in South-Eastern Europe; five million are free 
 and eight million, roughly speaking, two-thirds 
 of the nation, living in Austria-Hungary, are 
 still awaiting liberation. If Italy is permitted 
 to realize her aspirations, though all the rest 
 of the Jugoslavs were liberated, 900,000 would 
 still remain under foreign rule ; if, futhermore, 
 the Jugoslavs living north of the Drave and 
 the Danube ar assigned to Hungary and to 
 Rumania another 900,000, or a total of 
 1,800,000, would remain unliberated. 
 
 Finally, by allowing Austria to retain 
 Southern Carnia and Southern Styria 530,000 
 Jugoslavs would still be Austrian subjects and 
 2,820,000 in all would remain under foreign and 
 hostile rule. By the deduction of Carniola 
 with 420,000 Jugoslav inhabitants from the 
 future free state of Jugoslavia, the number 
 would rise to 2,820,000, and if an analogous 
 process is applied to Croatia-Slavonia and her 
 population of 2,820,000 the total number of un- 
 liberated Jugoslavs would amount to 5,130,000, 
 i. e., it would be equal to the added populations 
 of Serbia and Montenegro to-day. If Italian 
 aspirations be satisfied, Croatia, Slavonia, and 
 the Slovene countries separately dealt with, 
 and the Jugoslavs in Hungary sacrificed, Serbia 
 and Montenegro would only gain a population 
 of 2,185,000 by this war. Their total popula- 
 tion would amount to little more than six 
 million, and six million Jugoslavs would remain 
 unliberated. Needless to say, a solution of this 
 kind would simply leave the Jugoslav problem 
 unsolved. 
 
 Statistics of the Eastern Adriatic Littoral 
 
 There are 450,000 Jugoslavs living in the 
 Austrian littoral (Gorizia-Gradiska, Trieste, 
 and Istria) and only 350,000 Italians. In Dal- 
 matia there are 610,000 Jugoslavs and only 
 18,000 Italians. If the whole of the Austrian 
 littoral, part of Carniola, the mainland of
 
 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 Dalmatia north of Trogir, and all the islands 
 north of Mljet (with the exception of Brae), 
 are assigned to Italy, 350,000 Italians would 
 be liberated and united with Italy, whereas 
 900,000 Jugoslavs would remain under a 
 foreign yoke. In Dalraatia 350,000 Jugoslavs 
 would be sacrificed for the sake of 15,000 
 Italians, and only the 278,000 Jugoslavs in 
 Southern Dalmatia would be liberated. The 
 Jugoslav population of the Dalmatian Islands 
 amounts to 100,000 and the Italian only 1,500 
 souls. Gorizia-Gradiska, with the exception 
 of the valley of the Friuli, which the Jugoslavs 
 are not demanding, has a Jugoslav population 
 of 150,000 and an Italian population of 28,000. 
 Central and Eastern Istria with the Quarnero 
 Islands has a Jugoslav population of 120,000 
 and an Italian population of only 16,000. In 
 Southern Carnia there is not one single Italian 
 inhabitant among a population of 110,000 Jugo- 
 slavs. Only Western Istria, Trieste, and the 
 valley of Friuli (Gradiska) can be accounted 
 districts with a mixed population, and even 
 there the proportion is 260,000 Italian to 
 272,000 Jugoslavs, so that even in these dis- 
 tricts the Jugoslavs are slightly in the majority. 
 
 Just Balance of Power 
 The unification of all the Southern Slavs 
 would by no means interfere with a just balance 
 of power in South-Eastern Europe, but would 
 be in proportion to the natural balance of 
 power between the nations most concerned. 
 The Southern Slav State (Jugoslavia) would 
 have a population of about twelve million inha- 
 bitants. Hungary, reduced to her natural 
 borders, would also have about twelve million ; 
 Roumania, enlarged and united, also twelve 
 million ; and Bulgaria and Greece between 
 them about fourteen million inhabitants. The 
 Jugoslav State would certainly not pursue an 
 expansive policy, as the territory inhabited by 
 the Jugoslavs amply suffices for the population, 
 whose density amounts to fifty persons to one 
 square km. In Roumania the density of the 
 population amounts to 53 persons to one square 
 km. ; in Bulgaria it amounts to 41.6, in Greece 
 to 41, in Hungary to 64, in Austria to 95, and 
 in Italy to 113 persons to one square km. 
 Finally, the birth-rate among the Jugoslavs 
 cannot be expected to increase in such a 
 manner as to constitute a danger to their 
 neighbours. During recent years the propor- 
 tionate increase has amounted to 1.6 per cent. 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 25 
 
 annually, whereas among the Bulgars the in- 
 crease amounts to 1.5 per cent., and among the 
 Roumanians to 1.9 per cent. 
 
 Orthodox and Catholic Jugoslavs 
 
 The confessional differences among the 
 Jugoslavs, which are in many quarters looked 
 upon as an obstacle to the unification of the 
 whole Jugoslav race, do not really present any 
 obstacle at all to Jugoslav unity, but, on the 
 contrary, a strong argument against the dis- 
 memberment of the Jugoslav territory, as it is 
 impossible to draw a just boundary between 
 Orthodox and Catholic religions. If Serbia 
 acquires Bosnia-Herzegovina, Southern Dalma- 
 tia, Syrmia, and part of Slavonia, more than 
 one million Serbian Orthodox Jugoslavs would 
 still remain in the unliberated and non-incor- 
 porated Western districts, viz., 437,000 in 
 Croatia, 76,000 in Dalmatia, and about 500,000 
 in Hungary; whereas the enlarged kingdom of 
 Serbia wuold only have acquired 1,064,000 
 Orthodox, and 1,600,000 non-Orthodox subjects, 
 viz., 279,000 Catholics in Southern Dalmatia, 
 385,000 Catholics and 612,000 Moslems in 
 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 208,900 Catholic Jugoslavs 
 in Syrmia and Slavonia, and 110,750 non-Slavs 
 of different confessions. Niether Serbia nor 
 the Western Jugoslavs could consent to such 
 dismemberment of the race. It would be 
 strenuously opposed equally by the one million 
 sacrificed Orthodox Jugoslavs, by the 1,750,000 
 non-Orthodox Jugoslavs given to Serbia and 
 cut off from their brothers, and by the 4,200,000 
 unliberated and non-incorporated Catholic 
 Jugoslavs among the Croats and Slovenes. 
 The Jugoslavs refuse to be crushed and 
 divided; they must, and will, be liberated as a 
 whole and united in one single State in which 
 they can consolidate themselves into a national 
 political unit. 
 
 JUGOSLAV APPEAL TO BULGARIA IN 
 OCTOBER 1915. 
 
 Before the Bulgarian entrance into the 
 war, The Southern Slav Committe in London 
 sent (in Oct. 1915.) the following message to 
 the President of the Bulgarian Sobranje 
 (Parliament) in Sofia: 
 
 "The Southern Slav Committee in London, 
 representing the Southern Slav countries in- 
 habited by Croats, Slovenes, and Serbs still
 
 28 f Hfl 
 
 under the Austro-Hungarian domination, sends 
 the following brotherly message to the Bul- 
 garian nation at the moment of its coming to 
 the fateful parting of the ways : 
 
 ' ' This committee, which is working for the 
 liberation of the whole Serbo-Creato-Slovene 
 race from the hateful Germano-Magyar oppres- 
 sion and for the realization of national and 
 political unity with Serbia and Montenegro, 
 after centuries of suffering and longing, refuses 
 to credit the gloomy forecast circulated in 
 Europe in connection with the Bulgarian 
 mobilization. 
 
 "In the name of the genius of the noble 
 Slav race, in the name of the Slav blood which 
 has been shed like water in the never-ending 
 struggle against Turkish aggression, we protest 
 emphatically in the defence of the Bulgarian 
 nation against the German insinuation that the 
 Bulgarian army would attack Serbia in the 
 hour of her martyrdom and provoke a fratrici- 
 dal war. 
 
 "It is unthinkable that Bulgaria shall 
 stretch her hand across Serbia to help the 
 Germano-Magyar forces to join the Turkish 
 armies and thereby assist in the subjection of 
 Bulgaria, of the whole of Slavdom, and the 
 civilization of the human race, to the most 
 brutal tyranny ever known in the world's 
 history. 
 
 "Faithful to the laws of nature and civili- 
 zation, we are emphatically on the side of the 
 Slav warriors of Montenegro, Serbia, and 
 Russia, and their gallant allies, and we heartily 
 hope and trust that Bulgaria will also take her 
 rightful place on that side." 
 
 At the same time the representatives of 
 the Croats and Slovenes in Austro-Hungary, 
 who have found a refuge abroad and are now 
 conferring in Geneva, have sent the following 
 telegram to the Bulgarian Goverment: 
 
 "We, the representatives of the Croats 
 and Slovenes, who have taken refuge abroad in 
 order to represent the interests of our country- 
 men, and who in these days of trial firmly 
 believe in the ultimate triumph of the cause of 
 liberty over terrorism, and consequently in the 
 deliverance of our people from the th eAustro- 
 Hungarian yoke, have watched the recent turn 
 of events in Bulgaria with unfeigned amaze- 
 ment. We, who have equally deplored both 
 Slivnica and Bregalnica, and have seen the 
 hand of Germany in each of these tragedies, 
 do not believe that the national soul of either 
 
 SLAV'S APPB5AL 
 
 Serbia or Bulgaria has been tainted by these 
 unfortunate events ; and with profound horror 
 and indignation we refuse to believe that the 
 Bulgarian people will stoop to play the part 
 of Turko-German janissaries, and by this act 
 withdraw from our fraternity." 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE AND 
 M. VENIZELOS 
 
 Through the Royal Greek Legation the 
 Jugoslav Committee sent the following tele- 
 gram to M. Venizelos, the Greek Premier, on 
 the occasion of his resumption of office in 
 September, 1915: 
 
 "In the name of the Serbs, Croats, and 
 Slovenes in Austria-Hungary, who desire to be 
 freed from the Austrian yoke and united with 
 their brothers in Serbia and Montenegro, the 
 Jugoslav Committee offer their sincerest con- 
 gratulations to Your Excellency, as the leader 
 of modern and Christian Hellas, the author of 
 the Balkan League, the Graeco-Serbian Alliance, 
 and the Treaty of Bucharest; they trust that 
 your return to power will greatly facilitate the 
 struggle of the Balkan nations for the realiza- 
 tion of the principle 'the Balkans for the 
 Balkan nations', and that your resumption of 
 office will also prove a guarantee for the 
 continued alliance and sincere and lasting 
 friendship between the noble Hellenic nation 
 and the Serbians who are striving for union 
 with their brothers, the Croats and Slovenes. 
 For the Jugoslav Committee, 
 
 "The President, Dr. Ante Trumbic." 
 
 The Greek Minister in London most 
 cordially received the President of the Com- 
 mittee and showed the greatest interest in the 
 cause represented by the Jugoslav Committee. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE TO SERBIA 
 IN OCTOBER 1915. 
 
 On the 12th day of October 1915, the Jugo- 
 slav Committee sent the following telegram to 
 the Serbian Goyerment at Nish : 
 
 "On this occasion of the latest offensive 
 of the German and Austro-Hungarian forces 
 against Serbia, the Jugoslav Committee desires 
 again to emphisize its full and complete soli- 
 darity with the Serbian nation in this terrible 
 hour, and to express its firm belief that in this 
 struggle Serbia will once more astonish the 
 world by her glorious and unequalled valour. 
 After the last defeats suffered by the superior
 
 THE SOUf HEftN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 Austro-Hungarian armies in Serbia, both the 
 Central Powers are returning together to crush 
 and trample down little Serbia. But Provi- 
 dence, who guards both great and small, will 
 again endow the Serbian army with super- 
 human strength to repeat the history of David 
 and Goliath. To the Serbian Army, as the Ju- 
 goslav David, we send our hearts, our hopes, 
 and our faith. At the same time the Jugoslav 
 Committee appeals to all Croats, Serbs, and 
 Slovenes from the unredeemed countries in 
 Austria-Hungary, and at present living in Ser- 
 bia, to place themselves, at this most critical 
 moment in the history of Serbia and all the 
 Jugoslavs, unreservedly and without hesitation 
 at the disposal of the Royal Serbian Govern- 
 ment, to aid Serbia in her struggle for life. 
 
 "Dr. Ante Trumbic, President." 
 
 At the same time the Committee sent 
 urgent appeals to all Jugoslav emigrants out- 
 side Serbia to give their unconditional help to 
 their brothers and to offer their very lives in 
 this struggle for the salvation of the only in- 
 dependent, but now endangered, Jugoslav 
 country, for the future of the Jugoslav race, 
 and that the Balkans and the East may be 
 saved from the Germane-Turkish terror. 
 
 A DECLARATION OF THE JUGOSLAV 
 COMMITTEE IN FEBRUARY 1916. 
 
 The Jugoslav Committe, under the presi- 
 dency of Dr. A. Trumbic, met in Paris for a 
 plenary sitting, lasting from Feb. 16 to Feb. 24. 
 All the members of the Committee were pre- 
 sent, with the exception of those who were 
 absent on missions, to the Southern Slav colo- 
 nies in both Americas. 
 
 The Committee considered the general 
 situation from the Jugoslav point of view in all 
 its details, with due regard to the events that 
 have occured since the Committee was con- 
 stituted in May, 1915. Reviewing the results of 
 its propagandist activity in friendly countries, 
 it was able to record a notable success. Both 
 the knowledge and appreciation of the Jugo- 
 slav problem have made undeniable progress. 
 
 The Committee, having met in a plenary 
 sitting for the first time since the last invasion 
 of Serbia and Montenegro, testified its soli- 
 darity with the sufferings, aspirations, and 
 hopes of all the Jugoslavs Serbs, Croats, and 
 Slovenes as well as its fixed determination to 
 fight to the end, side by side with the Allies, 
 
 for the liberation of the entire Jugoslav nation 
 from the foreign yoke under which it is for the 
 time being united. 
 
 The Committee has with satisfaction and 
 admiration noted the generous action of France 
 and her Allies in rendering efficient help to the 
 Serbo-Montenegrin army in its painful retreat 
 before the overwhelming superiority of the 
 enemy, by transporting it to a place of safety, 
 and reorganizing it for fresh heroic exploits. 
 For this the whole Jugoslav nation will be 
 eternally grateful to her. 
 
 As the representatives and mouthpiece of 
 the sentiments and aspirations of the Jugoslavs 
 in Austria-Hungary and in America, the Com- 
 mittee protests its unflinching adherence to the 
 cause of the Allies, and its endeavour, by every 
 means in its power, to further the common 
 cause in Europe as well as in the Jugoslav 
 colonies in America. 
 
 In its absolute confidence in the final 
 victory of the Allies the Committee has re- 
 corded the resolution that the future peace 
 shall not be confined to a mere restoration of 
 Serbia. For her superhuman efforts and sa- 
 crifices adequate compensation is impossible. 
 But on the basis of the principles of nation- 
 ality, right, and justice, which the Allies have 
 solemnly inscribed on their standards, the 
 peace of the future must solve the Jugoslav 
 problem in its entire extent. 
 
 By uniting and unifying the Jugoslav 
 nation, which has for centuries in the past 
 maintained a successful struggle on all fronts 
 against the Germans, Magyars, and Turks, in 
 one single State, the peace of the future will 
 raise an impenetrable rampart against any new 
 attempts at expansion towards the south-east 
 on the part of the Teutons ; it will provide the 
 necessary conditions for its durability, and 
 thereby ensure peace and brotherly good fel- 
 lowship between the nations of Europe. 
 
 The Committee further decided upon a 
 whole series of important measures with a view 
 to collaborating efficiently in the common 
 cause of the Allies. It also discussed suitable 
 means of increasing the work of propaganda. 
 
 Finally, it sent, by telegram, a message ex- 
 pressing its profound sympathy with the Ser- 
 bian Goverment, and its respect and admi- 
 ration for the heroic Prince Regent of Serbia.
 
 28 THE SOtJf HERN 
 
 THE MANDATE AND THE DUTY OF THE 
 JUGOSLAV COMMITTEE. 
 
 "The Southern Slav Bulletin, No. 19, (Au- 
 gust 14. 1916) has published following decla- 
 ration : 
 
 ' ' We are sure that students of our question 
 and of the national, polical, and etnogra- 
 phical conditions in our countries must, if 
 right and justice are to triumph, in the end 
 be wholy converted to the great necessity 
 of settling the Jugoslav question in full 
 accordance with the programme issued by 
 the Jugoslav Committee in London. It 
 is the programme of our whole nation, 
 of our whole race, and therefore in no 
 sense a political but a national programme. 
 The Jugoslav Committee is neither a political 
 party nor the author of this programme. At 
 home and before the war its members belonged 
 to different political parties, and as regards 
 domestic political matters they perhaps still 
 dift'fer, but out here they are united as a body 
 which represents the whole nation, viz., all the 
 Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes dwelling in Croa- 
 tia, Slavonia, Dalmatia, Istria, Bosnia-Herze- 
 govinia, Carniola, Carinthia, Goricka (Gori- 
 zia), Trieste, Styria, Gradiska, Prekomurje, 
 Baranja, the Banat, and Backa; and, further- 
 more, those Jugoslavs who live as emigrants in 
 the United States, in South America, and the 
 British Overseas Dominions. Being the only 
 body which is at present in a position to voice 
 the unanimous desire of all the Jugoslavs, the 
 Jugoslav Committee is to all intents and pur- 
 poses the nation itself, and the Jugoslav nation 
 is the author of the Jugoslav programme. We 
 must put it in this way so as to make it clear 
 to our many friends, as well as to our adver- 
 saries, that the Jugoslav Committee has the 
 mandate and the sacred duty only to propa- 
 gate, to the limit of its extent and in every pos- 
 sible way, the Jugoslav programme, but no 
 power whatsoever to negotiate concerning the 
 resolution of the nation, or to make any con- 
 cessions as regards the Jugoslav aims. Eight 
 and justice can be overthrown, but they are 
 not subjects for negotiation. 
 
 Our programme remains as it was in the 
 beginning, and as it originated in the martyred 
 soul of our whole nation, which has for cen- 
 turies struggled for liberation and unity. To 
 liberate one part of our nation and enslave 
 another afresh for "strategic reasons" or any 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 other considerations, even if such a part con- 
 sists merely of a "negligible quantity" in a di- 
 plomatic sense, offers no solution of the Jugo- 
 slav question at all. A single one of our bro- 
 thers enslaved in his ancestral territory means 
 that there can be no freedom for all the rest 
 until he also is freed. 
 
 History must record this war as a war of 
 Justice against oppression, as the Holy War of 
 nations against castes, as the sum of human 
 brotherhood united in overthrowing the mon- 
 ster Greed. Love, peace, and mutual confidence 
 must be issues of this war. Humanity and not 
 Imperialism must be the conqueror. The flag 
 of freedom must adorn every palace, every cot- 
 tage, every hut in the new Europe. If that 
 cannot be achieved, then, of course, this war is 
 only a preparation for new struggles, a new 
 troubling of the waters in which the Hohen- 
 zollerns and Habsburgs will find their richest 
 fishing ground. 
 
 The Jugoslavs have never asked, and do 
 not ask anything but the just recognition of 
 their indisputable rights. They desire nothing 
 more than to live in peace on their ancestral 
 territory, to develop in freedom, and to main- 
 tain absolutely sicere relations of friendship 
 with their neighbours. They never demanded 
 a single square inch of territory which rightly 
 belongs to nayone else, and they call only 
 those countries their fatherland which have 
 been theirs from the days they first settled 
 there, the lands where they made their history, 
 where their language is spoken, and their soul 
 linked with the soil for more than a thousand 
 years. Their cry for freedom has risen higher 
 than ever, even in the present time, because 
 they are convinced that the Allies are warring 
 and shedding their blood for all the oppressed, 
 and not only for those who are excluded from 
 "strategical considerations". The future of 
 nations must be founded on confidence and 
 friendship, and not on strategical frontiers. If 
 our resolution to dwell in amity and confi- 
 dence is reciprocated by our neighbours, then 
 our mutual honesty will be our best frontier 
 fortification. But only malice can sugest that 
 the Jugoslav even Serbia proper have ever 
 shown symptons of aggression or a desire for 
 expansion beyond their own ancestral terri- 
 tory. History proves that they never sized 
 upon the land of others, but on the contrary, 
 that they were constantly robbed of their own. 
 But these ages are past and one of the main 
 pillars of the future peace of Europe must 
 be a complete and undivided Jugoslavia."
 
 PART III 
 
 SERBIA AND THE JUGO-SLAV PROGRAMME. 
 
 In the painful days, when the Austrian ar- 
 mies in the late autumn of the year 1914 raised 
 Serbia, the Serbian National Skupstina assem- 
 bled at Nis and formed a new Serbian Govern- 
 ment from the representatives of all political 
 parties. That government, through the Prime 
 Minister Pasic made on the 24th of November 
 (0. S.) the following declaration: 
 
 "The present government has been formed 
 in order to personify the unity of will, forces 
 and purposes of our land. Convinced of the 
 confidence of the National Skupstina as long 
 as it places all its forces at the service of the 
 great cause of the Serbian state and the Serbo- 
 Croatian and Slovenian race, the government 
 considers its paramount duty to bow with a 
 boundless respect before the exalted victims 
 who emmolated themselves bravely and wil- 
 lingly on the altar of the coutry. . . . Convinced 
 of the determination of the entire Serbian 
 people to persevere in the holy struggle for 
 the defense of its hearth and of its liberty, the 
 Government of the Kingdom considers it its 
 prime and indeed in these fate-shaping mo- 
 ments its only task to secure a successful end 
 of this great struggle which, at the moments of 
 its beginning has developed into a war for the 
 unification of all our un-liberated brothers Ser- 
 bians, Croats and Slovenians. The brilliant 
 success which will have to crown this warfare 
 will redeem opulently the bloody sacrifices 
 which the present Serbian generation is 
 enduring." 
 
 By that declaration, which the Skupstina 
 has unanimously sanctioned, Serbia has clearly 
 defined her intentions and thereby has become 
 before Europe the representative of our entire 
 people. 
 
 At several later opportunities declarations 
 in the same sense have been made to the public 
 by Premier Pasic, his assistant Mr. Jovan Jova- 
 novic, and by the Prince Regent himself in 
 which the same purpose has always been ac- 
 centuated, viz.: Liberation and unification of 
 
 the Serbians, Croats and Slovenians. This an- 
 nuls all the suspicions and reproaches that Ser- 
 bia strove after the formation of a "Greater 
 Serbia" in which the Croats and the Slovenians 
 would be drowned. At the moment when Italy 
 demanded our littoral, first representatives of 
 the Serbian policy as well as representatives of 
 the government participated in the great 
 national meeting at Nis, at which has been 
 received the resolution of national unity of the 
 Serbians, Croats and Slovenians as also the re- 
 jection of the Italian imperialistic demands. 
 The Premier Pasic has made in the Serbian 
 Skupstina a reiterated declaration that Serbia 
 officially does not know anything about the 
 demands of Italy, nor is she able to recognize 
 them. When Serbia's allies, devining that they 
 will be able to win over Bulgaria, demanded 
 Serbia to yield to Bulgaria a part of Macedonia 
 Serbia has agreed to it reluctantly, and after 
 long deliberations of the Serbian Skupstina a 
 resolution has been brought to the effect that 
 Serbia is ready for sacrifices if by her so doing 
 she be able to contribute towards the triumph 
 of the common cause of the progressive Europe, 
 and to facilitate the liberation and unification 
 of all the Serbians, Croats and Slovenians. By 
 that resolution the Serbian Skupstina has 
 proved that she is exalted to the height of the 
 great part of Serbia as the liberator, for she has 
 agreed even to dismember the Serbian fixed 
 territory and yield of it a very considerable 
 part which has been won and preserved only at 
 very bloody sacrifices. It has proved that Ser- 
 bia, in compensation for her territorial con- 
 cessions, does not demand nor receive greater 
 or smaller reparations and does not wish to 
 enter in "hair-splitting" for the territories in 
 the West, but to contribute her sacrifices for 
 the sole purpose of liberating of her entire 
 race. 
 
 When before the incursion of the Germans, 
 Austrians and Bulgarians, Serbia was offered 
 by the Germans certain concssions in Bosnia if 
 she would allow free passage of German armies
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 through her territory, and when the invaders 
 after having" penetrated far and wide in Serbia, 
 promised to spare both the Serbian country 
 and Serbian army if that army offers no or 
 very slight, opposition to the German ag- 
 gresssion; when the Germans and the Bulgar- 
 ians were before the walls of Nis and the Ser- 
 bian Skupstina assembled for its last and most 
 painful deliberation, and when the Premier 
 Pasic declared that Serbia will not be able to 
 resist the overwhelmingly superior enemy, the 
 King, the government and the Skupstina have 
 unanimously declared even to sacrifice their 
 entire land but to fight to the end, and not to 
 deviate from the announced idea of liberation 
 and unification of the Serbian, Croatian and 
 Slovenian race. 
 
 This declaration, the sincerity of which 
 has not been insured by written treaties but by 
 blood covered victims and by immolation of the 
 liberty of the entire Serbian country, grant to 
 the struggling Serbia the right to be and to re- 
 main as long as lasts the war in which the 
 other non-liberated Jugo-slavs wish not or can- 
 not participate the representative before the 
 world of all the Jugo-slavs. Her suffering and 
 her sacrifices will mean that if even by her 
 own forces she should not be able to liberate 
 her brothers but enters our regions with her 
 liberating armies together with those of her 
 allies to be saluted by all the Jugoslavs under 
 Austria-Hungary, as the liberator and redeem- 
 er. 
 
 SOLEMN PROCLAMATION OF THE JUGO- 
 SLAV PROGRAMME BY THE PRINCE 
 REGENT OF SERBIA. 
 
 The most momentous event of the Serbian 
 Crown Prince Alexander's stay in London (in 
 April 1916) was unquestionably his reception 
 of the great British deputation at Claridge's 
 Hotel. Led by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 the most prominent men of British public life 
 came to pay homage to Serbia and her heroic 
 leader. The Crown Prince said: 
 
 'This manifestation of sympathy on the 
 part of so many represantatives of British na- 
 tion will strengthen me when I shall again be 
 at the head of my army, shoulder to shoulder 
 with the gallant Franco-British Army for the 
 furthering and realization of the ideal for 
 which we have longed through centuries. That 
 ideal is the unity in one single state of all the 
 Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, who are our na- 
 
 tion, with the same traditions, with the same 
 language, and the same tendencies, and whom 
 only adverse fate has divided. 
 
 "This ideal, and the conviction that we 
 are fighting shoulder to shoulder with our 
 great Allies for right and justice, has main- 
 tained our courage through the indescribable 
 trials which our nation and army has had to 
 endure. 
 
 On April 20, 1916 his return from the 
 Allied capitals, Prince Alexander of Serbia, 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Serbian army, ad- 
 dressed a manifesto to his soldiers to convey to 
 them his impression of his journey. 
 
 "Our powerful friends and Allies ailmire 
 the irreproachable conduct of chivalrous 'Ser- 
 bia, and appreciate the contless sacrifices of 
 the Serbian people in whom they recognize all 
 the qualities warranting the guarantee of an 
 independent political existence and successful 
 effort towards intellectual development. They 
 have decided to give us every assistance in this 
 great struggle, so that Serbia may become 
 great, that she may include all the Jugoslavs 
 that she may, in fine, become a mighty Jugo- 
 slavia in recompense for all the sacrifices she 
 has hitherto consented to make, and the ful- 
 filment of new requirements which will show 
 themselves after this bloody crisis." 
 
 MR. PASI6, THE SERBIAN PREMIER, 
 
 DECLARATIONS IN LONDON 
 
 AND PETROGRAD. 
 
 April 3, 1916. The London Times had a 
 statement from premier Pasic, who said in 
 part: 
 
 "It is natural that the future Serbia or, 
 rather the United Southern Slav people, will 
 be a somewhat different State from what Ser- 
 bia has been in the past. The new Serbia will 
 necessarily become more Western, more Euro- 
 pan than the purely Balkan Serbia of old could 
 possibly be. A State that includes 5,000,000 
 Catholic 'Southern Slavs within its borders will 
 necessarily be a State tolerant and respectful 
 of religious and political liberty. We conclud- 
 ed, not long ago, a concordat with the Vati- 
 can. When I had recently the honour to b 
 received by the Pope, his Holmes remarked 
 that the concordat concluded with us wa: 
 markedly liberal in character, and that the re- 
 storation of the Slav liturgy in the Roman Ca- 
 tholic Southern Slav churches was a proof of 
 good will of the Vatican towards us. Had we 
 not been animated by equal good will the con- 
 cordat could hardly have been arranged. We
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 Serbs of Serbia belong to the Orthodox Church 
 and are true to our religion. But just as we 
 are faithful to our own beliefs, so we respect 
 the belief of others and expect them to be as 
 faithful to their own creed as we are to ours. 
 This as I understand it, is true religious 
 tolerance. 
 
 31 
 
 THE CROWN PRINCE ALEXANDER OF 
 
 SERBIA AND THE SOUTHERN SLAV 
 
 COMMITTEE. 
 
 On May 5, 1916 the chief of the Serbian 
 Government made his declarations to the re- 
 presentatives of the Russian press on the ob- 
 jects and results of his diplomatic tour, which 
 we will quote from the Russian journals in so 
 far as they refer to the Jugoslav question. 
 
 According to the "Retch" of April 23 
 (May 6 n.s) Mr. Pasic took advantage of his 
 visit to the Allied Government to effect an ex- 
 change of views on questions of vital interna- 
 tional importance, and especially on that which 
 is nearest to himself, a knowledge of the fu- 
 ture organization of the Serbian nation which 
 firmly believes in the final victory of the Allies 
 in their fight for the triumph of right and 
 justice. In the opinion of the Serbian Premier 
 the moment has arrived to clear up in princ- 
 iple the intentions of the Great Powers with 
 regard to the Balkan question in general and 
 the Serbian question in particular. Mr. 
 Pasic has noted with satisfaction that the 
 Serbian ideals have met with perfect consent 
 from the Allies. They have promised Serbia 
 every help to attain this object. The idea of 
 the unification of the Serb, Croat, and Slovene 
 nation in one State has been most sympathet- 
 ically received in Rome, no less than in Lon- 
 don, in Paris, and, finally, in Petrograd. The 
 Governments of the Allied Powers have un- 
 animously recognized that the national aim of 
 Serbia, i.e., the unification of the Serbian 
 people and country must be realized. 
 
 To the "Russkoe Slovo" Mr. Pasic, speak- 
 ing of Serbia's future expressed himself in the 
 following terms: "Our hope in Serbia's future 
 are fixed on the deliverance and union of the 
 entire Serb, Croats, and Slovene nation. This 
 is our national ideal, and we are prepared to 
 endure every sacrifice for its realization. No 
 one can say how the war will finish and what 
 it will bring to Serbia; but under no circum- 
 stances whatsoever can we renounce our Croat 
 and Slovene brothers. Serbia places great 
 hopes in the support which the Allies will give 
 her for the realization of her national ideal." 
 
 On April 10 1916 the Crown Prince Alex- 
 ander, then in Paris, received the members of 
 the Southern Slav Committee and its Presi- 
 dent, Dr. A. Trumbic, in a special audience at 
 the Hotel Bristol, where he was staying. On 
 this occasion Dr. Trumbic, in the name of the 
 Committee and of all unredeemed Jugoslavs, 
 addressed the Crown Prince in part as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "We cannot consent to any division of the 
 Jugoslav nation, just as we cannot consent to 
 any part of our blood soaked territory beinsr 
 wrested from us ; but we demand national uni- 
 ty of our country, including our wonderful 
 waters in the Adriatic, in whose fairy mirror 
 all the beauty and charm of our fatherland is 
 reflected, and which sea is the very lungs of 
 the life of our land. 
 
 "This is to be the new era in our history, 
 founded on nature, and no artificial intrigue 
 shall succeed in frustrating it. 
 The Crown Prince replied : 
 "Gentlemen, your words have deteply 
 touched my heart. God and the fortune of 
 heroes will provide that the wishes you have 
 so beautifully expressed will be realized as 
 soon as possible. They are, of course, as you 
 rightly said, no longer merely wishes, but a 
 political programme. They are even more 
 than a programme. They are the goal of a 
 struggle in which the blood of Serbia's sons is 
 flowing in rivers. Gentlemen, it is quite im- 
 possible that out of so much noble blood free- 
 dom should not arise anew, freedom for our 
 martyred nation, wherever it lives, from the 
 Adriatic to Timok, from Perister to the Tri- 
 glav. My grandfather fought for the 
 Jugoslav idea, my father on his throne remain- 
 ed faithful to the ideals for which he once 
 fought as rebel, rifle in hand. The same blood 
 flows in the veins of the grandchild and son. 
 Forward into the struggle, gentlemen, with 
 pen, with the spoken word, and with arms in 
 hand, for the same high cause for the free- 
 dom of our whole race and its glorious fu- 
 ture!" 
 
 MEETING OF THE SOUTHERN SLAV COM- 
 MITTEE WITH THE SERB DEPUTIES 
 IN NICE (FRANCE), IN APRIL 1916. 
 
 The members of various Austro-Hungta- 
 rian Parliaments and Diets, who belong to the 
 Southern Slav Committee in London, in April
 
 32 
 
 1916 proceeded to Nice in order to enter into 
 personal contact, and exchange their views on 
 the general situation with their colleagues of 
 the Serbian Skupstina, 104 of whom were 
 there. The meeting took place in the morning 
 of April 18 in the Great Hall of the Marie (the 
 Town Hall), which the town of Nice had 
 kindly placed at the disposal of its guests. M. 
 Kosta Stojanovic, President of the 'Serbian 
 Club, speaking in the name of the Serbian 
 members of Parliament, extended a glowing 
 welcome to their Jugoslav colleagues from Aus- 
 tria-Hungary, whom the unheard of misfor- 
 tunes which have befallen the common mother 
 country on both banks of the Sava and Drina 
 have now brought together so tragically in 
 exile on the friendly soil of France. Then M. 
 Ante Trumbic, President of the Jugoslav Com- 
 mittee, in a most graphic speech, which was 
 frequently interrupted by enthuasiastic ap- 
 plause, gave an account of all the propagandist 
 work accomplished by the Southern Slav 
 Committee during these twenty months of war 
 in all the allied countries, and in several 
 neutral states as well, for the realization of 
 the ideal we all share in common, viz., the as- 
 surance of the unification of all our race in one 
 State under the native dynasty of the Kara- 
 gjorjevic ! After M. Marko Trifkovic, in the 
 name of the Serbian deputies, had reaffirmed 
 the complete accord between the Serbian Club 
 and the Jugoslav Committee, not only with re- 
 gard to their political programme, but also as 
 to the methods of the propaganda, the Presi- 
 dent declared the proceedings terminated. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 DECLARATION OF THE SERBIAN SKUP- 
 STINA AT CORFU, SEPTEMBER 1916. 
 
 In September 1916, the Serbian Parliament, 
 (Skupstina), met in Corfu for a short session, 
 and has given out the following official bulle- 
 tin: 
 
 "After seven days deliberation in secret 
 sessions in which foreign minister Pasich, made 
 his report, based on the secret documents in the 
 foreign ministry ; The Skupstina held an open 
 session and without a dissenting vote, has ap- 
 proved the report of the Royal Servian Govern- 
 ment as well as the Foreign Ministry future 
 course of action, which the goverment has pro- 
 posed to pursue. The Skupstina also has voted 
 the following resolution : 
 
 After hearing the Government report of 
 the foreign situation, Skupstina consider its 
 duty to affirm again, for its own part too, after 
 all the suffering and privation of the Serbian 
 people, that we stand firmly most faithful to 
 our National claims. 
 
 The course which Serbia has pursued un- 
 til, the present time, and thru which she has 
 acquired very valuable friendship, it is the 
 only course which leads to the realization of 
 her National Ideals. The painful road which 
 we have gone thru and by which we lost nume- 
 rous national treasures, our most valuable 
 treasure, the honor of our people has been left 
 untouched. Depressed in our sorrow, but be- 
 lieving in our ideals and in the ideals of human- 
 ity, Serbia full of pride and with full confi- 
 dence looks into the future. ' '
 
 IV. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV EMMIGRANTS FOR 
 THE CAUSE OF LIBERTY AND UNITY 
 
 A GREAT JUGOSLAV CONVENTION HELD 
 IN CHICAGO, ILL. IN 1915. 
 
 At a general Congress in Chicago on 
 March 10, 1915, the Jugoslav emigrants from 
 Austria-Hungary in America and Canada, and 
 represented by 563 delegates, recorded their 
 enthusiastic adherence to this national pro- 
 gramme. 
 
 (1) The following resolution was unani- 
 mously passed: 
 
 "The Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes are one 
 and the same as regards nationality and langu- 
 age, though they are known by different names. 
 They inhabit a number of provinces in South- 
 Eastern Austria-Hungary, as well as the king- 
 doms of Serbia and Montenegro. Collectively 
 they are known as 'Jugoslavs.' In Austria- 
 Hungary, where the Germans and Magyars 
 are the dominant races, the Jugoslavs are ruth- 
 lessly oppressed. Having no political rights, 
 they are economically victimized and exploited, 
 hampered in their development, socially down- 
 trodden, and their nationality is imperilled. 
 This state of affairs can no longer be tolerated, 
 if their national existence and individuality is 
 to be preserved, but their only hope lies in lib- 
 eration from Austria-Hungary and the sever- 
 ance of every tie that binds them to her. Their 
 lives and national development can only be 
 safeguarded through a union of all Jugoslav 
 countries with Serbia in one single state. They 
 confidently appeal to the Powers of the Triple 
 Entente, who are waging this war for the 
 deliverance of the down-trodden nations, and 
 entreat their help in the realization of their 
 just aspirations, which, by establishing order 
 in South-Eastern Europe, will greatly help in 
 laying a durable foundation for the world's 
 peace." 
 
 RESOLUTION PASSED AT NIs (SERBIA) 
 
 On May 9, 1915, a large demonstration took 
 place in Nish, when at a meeting of several 
 thousand Serbian and Austro-Hungarian Jugo- 
 slavs, a resolution was passed, demanding the 
 union of all Jugoslavs, and protesting against 
 the abandonment of any part whatsoever of 
 the national territory. 
 
 The resolution was worded as follows: 
 ' ' In these momentous times of sacrifice and 
 of faith in Freedom and the Right, we herewith 
 proclaim the indivisibility of our Serbo-Croato- 
 Slovene national unity, which must be polit- 
 ically realized, even as it has already been 
 morally accomplished. We therefore declare 
 that we will never permit any purely Jugoslav 
 territory to be sacrificed or dismembered, least 
 of all in any part of our Adriatic coast-lands 
 inhabited by Serbs, Croats, or Slovenes. We 
 appeal to all the Powers who are at this moment 
 fighting for the principles of nationality and 
 justice, to guarantee the unity of our race, so 
 that Serbia may fulfill her mission of liberation 
 and thus ensure one of the primary conditions 
 for the future peace of (Europe. The dis- 
 memberment of the Adriatic coast-lands would 
 be an act of terrible injustice, especially in a 
 war waged for the liberation of nations. ' ' 
 
 THE JUGOSLAVS IN THE UNITED STATES 
 AND SERBIA. 
 
 In the summer 1915, Jugoslav mass meet- 
 ings were held in all the great cities in the 
 States possessing Jugoslav colonies. 
 
 The meetings in Pittsburgh, Pa., Chicago, 
 Cleveland, San Francisco, Los Angeles and 
 New York each attended by from two to three 
 thousand delegates cabled the following mes- 
 sage to the Serbian Premier, M. Pasic : 
 
 "In the name of our brothers in Austria- 
 Hungary, who are at present unable to express 
 their thoughts and sympathies, as well as on
 
 34 THE SOOT HERN 
 
 our own behalf, we hereby declare that all Slo- 
 venes, Croats, and Serbs regard the struggle 
 of Serbia as their own national struggle, and 
 Serbia's ideals as their o'.vn. We unanimously 
 demand that by the stipulations of the future 
 Peace Congress not one inch of Jugoslav terri- 
 tory may remain under foreign rule; but that 
 all this territory shall be united in one state 
 with Serbia and Montenegro. With the earnest 
 request that you will in due course give your 
 support to this demand, and with full confi- 
 dence in you, we hereby send you our best 
 wishes from this great meeting; and through 
 you we beg to greet the Serbian King, the 
 Crown Prince, and the whole Serbian Army 
 as our liberators." 
 
 Similar resolutions were passed at other 
 meetings, and the Jugoslav propaganda as- 
 sumed considerable proportions in the U. S. A. 
 
 JUGOSLAVS IN AMERICA FOR 
 THE ALLIES. 
 
 The following resolution was unanimously 
 carried at all the great Jugoslav meetings in 
 America (in Summer 1915). 
 
 "In the name of our oppressed brothers 
 in Austria-Hungary, who are at present com- 
 pelled by ruthless tyranny to fight against 
 their brother Slavs, or to languish in prison, 
 and who are therefore unable to lay the facts 
 of their sufferings before the world, we hereby 
 protest energically before the whole of the civ- 
 ilized world against the inhumanities now 
 being practised upon them ; against the hang- 
 ing and shooting of innocent people; the 
 strangling and perversion of law and justice ; 
 the slaughter of women and children ; the cal- 
 ling to the colours of youths under military 
 age and infirm old men ; against the placing of 
 our countrymen in the first line of danger ; 
 against foully murdering them from behind; 
 and against the burning of homesteads and the 
 robbing of property in our devasted country. 
 We implore all the brothers of our race in both 
 continents to turn their hate and their arms 
 against their oppressors, and we implore our 
 brothers who are suffering in prison to be 
 patient and to trust that victory will be with 
 the Slavs and their friends, the French and 
 British, whose triumphs will achieve the Ju- 
 goslav ideal of liberty and unity. We pledge 
 our solemn word that we will in every way 
 help the cause of the Slavs and their Allies; 
 that we will strive to promote our own na- 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 tional unity; that we will not by strikes pr6- 
 vent or hamper the work of any factories en- 
 gaged in supplying armaments and munitions 
 to Russia, Great Britain, or France ; and that 
 we will rouse our brothers from the sleep of 
 apathy with the clarion call to freedom, which 
 shall finally dawn upon the Jugoslav also the 
 last slaves in Europe." 
 
 JUGOSLAV MANIFESTATIONS IN THE 
 UNITED STATES IN SEPTEMBER 1915. 
 
 During the month of September, the great 
 Jugoslav Labour Union, "Hrvatska Narodna 
 Zajednica," which has 35,000 members, held its 
 congress in Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. The 
 Austrian Consuls had previously done their 
 best to undermine the authority of the leaders 
 of the Union, who are anti-Austrian and 
 thoroughly patriotic, and to replace them by 
 their own few followers. The Jugoslav papers 
 in the United States even publish the facsimile 
 of a letter from the Austrian Consul in Pitts- 
 burg, from which it transpires, that Austrian 
 agents actually founded a pseudo-Jugoslav 
 paper, and tried to bribe the delegates of the 
 Congress. Nevertheless the Congress passed 
 off without any kind of disturbance; all 
 Austrian attempts were defeated, the old lead- 
 ers were re-elected, and duly authorized to 
 continue to make use of the official paper of 
 the Union for the propaganda in favour of the 
 idea of Jugoslav emancipation from the 
 Austrian yoke. 
 
 Towards the end of September a great de- 
 monstration called the "Slovenski Dan" 
 (Slovene Day) was organized in San Francisco, 
 at the Pacific Exhibition. All Slovenes present, 
 and a large number of other Jugoslavs as well, 
 demonstrated in favour of their liberation and 
 unification. 
 
 On September 18 and 19 the Congress of all 
 the Croatian Gymnastic Associations in the 
 United States took place in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Public exhibitions of gymnastics and pro- 
 cessions of many thousand gymnasts were most 
 successfully arranged. On this occasion it was 
 decided that henceforth all Croatian, Serbian, 
 and Slovene gymnastic associations should be 
 united in one great single Union, which will be 
 in constant touch with the Czech, Polish, and 
 Russian Associations. This resolution was ap- 
 proved by the great Congress of representa- 
 tives of the labour Union "Hrvatska Narodna
 
 SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 Zajednica," by the Serbian Unions "Sloga" 
 and "Srbobran," the political Unions "Hrvat- 
 ski Savez" and "Slovenacka Liga,' and many 
 other Unions and Associations, representing in 
 all more than 150,000 organised Jugoslavs in 
 the United States. At this meeting the follow- 
 ing Resolution was unanimously carried: 
 
 "The Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes are one 
 and the same nation in blood, language, and 
 by the national ideals they hold in common. 
 We are heart and soul with the army, the na- 
 tion, and the Government of our brothers in 
 Serbia and Montenegro. Their struggle is our 
 struggle. Shoulder to shoulder we stand with 
 them against our common enemies the Teutons, 
 Magyars, and Turks in this fight for the reali- 
 zation of the freedom and unity of all Jugo- 
 slavs in one great national State. We trust 
 that no part of our nation, nor one inch of our 
 soil, will be given into slavery to foreigners. 
 We confidently expect the victory of our bro- 
 thers the Russians, and of their noble Allies 
 and our own. Full of loyalty to the great 
 country of Washington and Lincoln, we hail 
 the wise policy of President Wilson with re- 
 gard to the hostile and inhuman conduct of the 
 Austro-Germans. ' ' 
 
 A copy of the resolution was forwarded 
 to Mr. Lansing, Secretary of State, to Mr. Pa- 
 sic, the Serbian Premier, to Mr. Plamenac, the 
 Montenegrin Minister, to the Jugoslav Com- 
 mittee in London, and to the Russian, British, 
 and French Ambassadors in Washington." 
 
 Finaly, on September 23, the "Hrvatski 
 Savez" (Croatian League) held a meeting in 
 Cleveland protesting energetically against the 
 Austro-German intrigues in America. A re- 
 solution similar to those quoted above was pas- 
 sed, and copies of it were sent to the represen- 
 tatives of the Allied Powers. The League also 
 passed a resolution approving of the work of 
 the Jugoslav Committee in London and promis- 
 ing it every possible support. 
 
 JUGOSLAV CLERGY AND NATIONAL 
 UNITY 
 
 On August 27, 1915, prompted by the 
 Serbo-Orthodox priest, the Rev. Father Nikolai 
 Velimirovic, the Catholic, Orthodox, and Uni- 
 tarian priests of Jugoslav nationality resident 
 in the United States, held a joint meeting in 
 Chicago. Opening the discussion, the Rev. Mr. 
 Reljic, Chairman of the meeting, remarked that 
 "after a short interval of many centuries" this 
 was the first assembly at which priests belong- 
 
 ing to different confessions were met together 
 to demonstrate that divergencies of faith are 
 powerless to divide either the Jugoslav nation 
 or their clergy. The meeting adopted the 
 proposal that these joint meetings should be 
 continued, elaborated a programme for further 
 activities, and passed a resolution expressing 
 the "complete agreement of the Jugoslav clergy 
 with the will of the nation as expressed at 
 many meetings". The resolution proceeds: 
 "We also claim the fulfilment of those demands 
 of right and justice for which our free brothers 
 in Serbia and Montenegro are fighting, and 
 for which our unredeemed brothers in Austria- 
 Hungary are suffering. And God's justice, 
 which we hold to be on our side, consists in 
 this, that all Slavs in Europe shall be liber- 
 ated from the chains of German militarism and 
 Austro-Hungarian oppression; that all Jugo- 
 slavs, being one nation by blood, language, and 
 national claims, shall be liberated from 
 Austro-Hungarian misrule and united in one 
 independent State; that, futhermore, not one 
 inch of Jugoslav soil shall be excluded from the 
 borders of this State, either in Dalmatia, or in 
 Istria, in Slovenia, the Banat, or Macedonia; 
 that those differences of faith, which have 
 been regarded as the greatest obstacles to 
 national unity, are in fact and according to the 
 conviction of ourselves, who are representa- 
 tives of the two principal confessions in Jugo- 
 slavia, no obstacles at all to the practical reali- 
 zation of our ideal of one nation in one State; 
 that the free and united Jugoslav nation should 
 be permitted free from foreign interference 
 to organize the Jugoslav state on a democratic 
 basis, which will guarantee political and re- 
 ligious freedom; that hitherto Serbia and 
 Montenegro have proved by their excellent 
 example that Catholic and Orthodox Christians 
 can live together in love and friendship in one 
 State. We speak in our own name and in 
 that of our brothers, who are still in Austro- 
 Hungarian bondage, and we are sure that these 
 brothers would speak as we do, were they per- 
 mitted the liberty to do so." 
 
 SLOVENES IN AMERICA 
 
 On April 28, 1916, a great Slovene meeting 
 was held in Cleveland, U. S. A., at which 500 
 delegates represented the Slovene emigrants in 
 North America. The meeting adopted a resolu- 
 tion which was sent to President Wilson and 
 which reads:
 
 "We, Slovenians of Cleveland and vicinity, 
 gathered together in a national mass meeting, 
 April 28, 1916, realize that in view of the 
 present conditions existing between the United 
 States and the German Empire, it is our 
 patriotic duty as good American cititzens to 
 pronounce our unlimited loyalty to the consti- 
 tion and laws of the United States; and we 
 express our loyalty and our sincere thanks to 
 the President, Woodrow Wilson, for his noble 
 defence of humanity, honour, and the welfare 
 of American citizens. 
 
 4 'We express also our heartfelt gratitude 
 to those fighting for real democracy and the 
 freedom of small and oppressed nations, and 
 we thank noble France and her allies, as we 
 see in their victory the liberation of our 
 brethern suffering under the inhuman Austro- 
 Hungarian rule, from which tyranny we fled 
 across the ocean to the land of golden liberty. 
 
 "United by ties of blood, language, and 
 suffering with the Creations and Serbians, we 
 feel the sacrifices and sorrows of Serbia as our 
 own suffering, and we hope from the bottom of 
 our hearts for the liberation and union of our 
 nation in one independent and democratic state 
 of Jugoslavia." 
 
 JUGOSLAVS IN AMERICA AND 
 PREPARADNESS 
 
 With reference to the Preparadness in the 
 United States, the Jugoslav immigrants called 
 several meetings, from which the following 
 message was sent to President Wilson: 
 
 "The Southern Slav Serbs, Croats, and 
 Slovenes here assembled at their national meet- 
 ing, send their most sincere greetings to Your 
 Excellency, and beg to express their complete 
 confidence in your guidance of the politics of 
 the United States. They are prepared to 
 respond to your call at any moment, should it 
 become necessary to repulse foreign attacks 
 aimed at the foundations of our democratic 
 institutions." 
 
 The meeting received the following 
 answer : 
 
 "The President highly appreciates the 
 noble words of our message, and has ordered 
 me to express his profound gratitude to you 
 and to all concerned. Your friendly assurances 
 have pleased and encouraged him extremely. 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 "J. P. TUMULTY, 
 "Secretary to the President of the U. S." 
 
 SOUTHERN SLAVS APPEAL 
 
 A GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE 
 
 SOUTHERN SLAVS IN SOUTH 
 
 AMERICA 
 
 In January, 1916, at a meeting held in 
 Autofagasta, Chile, the delegates from all the 
 Jugoslav Colonies in South America, passed 
 the following resolution : 
 
 "In these epoch-making times of sacrifice 
 and hope for right and freedom, we proclaim 
 first of all the indivisibility of our Serbo- 
 Croato-Slovene National Unity, which must be 
 politically realized, even as it is already 
 morally accomplished .Consequently, we declare 
 that we will never permit that purely Jugo- 
 slav territories be sacrificed or partitioned, 
 particularly our Adriatic littoral, which is 
 inhabited by Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. We 
 appeal to all the Powers who are at the present 
 moment fighting for the principles of national- 
 ity and justice to safeguard the unity of our 
 race, and thus to enable Serbia to fulfil her 
 mission of liberation, which is one of the con- 
 ditions of stable peace in Europe. The dismem- 
 berment of the Adriatic littoral would be a 
 terrible injustice, especially in a war for the 
 liberation of nations. 
 
 "With the repeated declaration that they 
 have broken all ties that bound them to the 
 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the House of 
 Habsburg, they place themselves at the disposal 
 of the Serbian Govennent and express their 
 complete confidence in the Southern Slav 
 Committee in London, which they look upon as 
 the legitimate representative body of the 
 Southern Slav countries under the Austro- 
 Hungarian yoke. 
 
 "They consider themselves and desire to 
 be considered by the Allies of Serbia as Allies 
 in the common struggle, and claim the protec- 
 tion of the representatives of the Entente." 
 
 This congress, which was presided over by 
 Messrs. Petrinovic and Jordan, assumed truly 
 impressive proportions. All the Jugoslav 
 colonies of the five Republics were united in a 
 huge gathering in order to take their import- 
 ant decisions jointly, and to form a vast Jugo- 
 slav National Defence organization. 
 
 The attendance was considerable, in spite 
 of intervening distances and travelling ex- 
 penses. Chilian personages, as well as French 
 and English, were present. M. Micic, Delegate 
 from the London Committe, and M. Leontic,
 
 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 Representative of the Young Jugoslavs, were 
 likewise present. 
 
 In six days of deliberation, the Jugoslavs 
 of South America have fulfilled all the hopes 
 of their fellow-citizens, and at this momentius 
 juncture they have nobly fulfilled their 
 national duty and deserved well of their 
 country. 
 
 They have severed all the links that could 
 still bind them to the Empire. They have 
 placed themselves at the disposal of "their 
 native King", Peter I., and of the Serbian 
 Goverment. They have passed a vote of com- 
 plete confidence on the Southern Slav Com- 
 mittee, regarding this as the sole legitimate 
 representative body of the enslaved countries. 
 Prom the practical point of view, these resolu- 
 tions assumed the following forms. A new 
 organization, the Jugoslav National Defence, 
 has been formed with a very thorough-going 
 programme. Mr. Baburica is the President, 
 and the Council (Senate) is presided over by 
 Mr. J. Moro. Next, an amalgamation of all 
 Jugoslav papers in South America has been 
 realized, and all will henceforth represent a 
 single outlook. Furthermore, the members 
 have contributed the largest (proportionate) 
 donation to the Serbo-Montenegrin Red Cross 
 Society and Orphans, and have undertaken the 
 responsibility for the budget of the Southern 
 Slav Committee. Finally, they have recruited 
 a volutary legion to help in the national 
 deliverance. 
 
 These, then, are the practical results. Their 
 solidarity with martyred Serbia, thus openly 
 avowed by the Congress, demonstrates that the 
 Jugoslavs deserve their liberty, since they are 
 prepared and demand as their right to suffer 
 for its name. Thus we are in possession of 
 yet another proof that the Jugoslav nation in 
 its entirety is conscious of the greatness of the 
 times through which we are passing, and of the 
 aim in view. 
 
 The Jugoslovenska Drzava, the organ of 
 the Jugoslav National Defence, in bringing out 
 its first number, comments upon the growing 
 interest aroused by the Jugoslav cause among 
 the Chilian public and the foreign colonies. 
 The entire Chilian press has devoted long 
 articles, and in some cases an entire issue, to 
 these events. Chilian publicists (notably M. 
 Villagrau-Valenzuela) spoke at the Congress. 
 Jugoslav faith and determination deserve in the 
 eyes of everybody a respect which ought to be 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 37 
 
 all the greater as it is manifesting itself so 
 strikingly at the very moment when the in- 
 dependent principalities Serbia and Monte- 
 negro are likewise crushed and enslaved in 
 their turn. 
 
 It is well to mention that the South Amer- 
 ican Jugoslavs come for the greater part from 
 the littoral of Dalmatia and Croatia, notably 
 the presidents of the Congress and the new 
 organizations, are Croats from the littoral, and 
 all are natives of the Dalmatian Isles. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV COLONY IN 
 NEW ZEALAND 
 
 There is a small Jugoslav colony in New 
 Zealand, numbering 3,000 Croats, chiefly 
 working men from Dalmatia. This tiny colony 
 has nevertheless its own friendly societies and 
 publishes its own newspaper. Since the begin- 
 ing of the war it has collected 200 for the 
 British Relief Fund, 2,000 for the Serbian and 
 Montenegrin Red Cross Society and the Relief 
 Fund for Austrian emigrants, and given one 
 hundred volunteers to the British Army. 
 
 JUGOSLAVS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 
 
 Last summer, the Jugoslavs Croats, Slo- 
 venes, and Serbs in British Columbia have 
 organized themselves and have held a mass 
 meeting in Vancouver. The meeting, which 
 was attended by many British sympathizers, 
 was very fully reported in all the English 
 papers in Vancouver, and the sympathy 
 extended to the Jugoslav cause by the Press 
 has been quite remarkable. At the meeting the 
 present position of the Jugoslavs in Austria- 
 Hungary and the efforts for deliverance and 
 unification were explained, after which a 
 resolution was passed, demanding the liber- 
 ation of all the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes 
 from Austria-Hungary and their unification 
 with Serbia in one single independent State. 
 Telegrams expressing loyalty to their land of 
 refuge and to the cause of the Allies were sent 
 to H. R. H. the Duke of Connaught, to Sir 
 Robert Borden, the Canadian Premier, to Mr. 
 W. J. Bowser, Premier of British Columbia, 
 and to the United States.
 
 38 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAVS APPEAL TO THE 
 AMERICAN PEOPLE. 
 
 Based upon the immortal 
 "Declaration of Independence." 
 
 When in the course of human events, it 
 becomes necessary for one people to dissolve 
 the political bands which have connected them 
 with another, and to assume among the powers 
 of the earth, the separate and equal station 
 to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's 
 God entitles them, a decent respect to the 
 opinions of mankind requires that they should 
 declare the causes which impel them to the 
 separation from the dual monarchy, namely 
 Austria-Hungary and to form a union with our 
 kin of southern Europe based upon the Ameri- 
 can democratic principles, consisting of the 
 following branches of the Southern Slavic 
 race, namely, Croatians, Serbians and Slovenes. 
 
 We hold these truths to be selfevi.dent, that 
 all men are created equal, that they are endow- 
 ed by their Creator, with certain unalienable 
 rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and 
 the pursuit of Happiness. And since the 
 government of the Dual Monarchy, Austria- 
 Hungary, is entirely foreign to its downtrod- 
 den Slavic subjects in race and traditions, it 
 has furthered its tyrannical ambitions by at- 
 tempting severely to Germanize them, who are 
 a people with nobler traditions, more ancient 
 than the Teutonic, whose so called "flower 
 of chivalry" in the time of the Crusades, name- 
 ly the Teutonic "Knights of the Cross", were 
 in reality but a band of robbers and plunder- 
 ers, masquerading under the sacred symbol of 
 "The Cross", conquering Prussia, Pomerania, 
 etc., in 1309, and successfully Germanizing the 
 Slavic inhabitants by the power of the sword. 
 
 The history of the present Emperor 
 Francis Joseph is a monstrous record of re- 
 peated injuries and usurpations, all having for 
 direct object the establishment of an absolute 
 tyranny over the Southern Slavs as a whole. 
 To prove this let facts be submitted to a candid 
 world : 
 
 He has with the assistance of his Germanic 
 clique, dissolved parliament repeatedly for 
 opposing their invasions on the rights of the 
 people; sent swarms of officials to harass our 
 people and eat out their substance ; refused 
 his assent to laws, the most wholesome and 
 necessary for the public good; effected to 
 
 render the military superior and independent 
 of the civil power ; abolished some of our most 
 valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the 
 forms of our government ; politically attempt- 
 ed to complete the works of death, desolation 
 and tyranny, already many times begun with 
 circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely 
 paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and 
 totally unworthy of the heads of a civilized na- 
 tion; constrained our people to bear arms 
 against their brethren, the Serbians especially, 
 or to fall themselves by their hands; incited 
 domestic insurrections amongst us, and have 
 allied themselves with that gory tornado, the 
 Turk, against democracy and civilization; and 
 in every stage of these oppressions we have 
 petitioned for redress in the most humble 
 terms, being in each and every instance answer- 
 ed only by repeated injury. 
 
 A government whose fundamental princi- 
 ples are thus marked by acts, which define 
 barbarous tyrants, are unfit for human fellow- 
 ship among sister nations. 
 
 We Croatians, Serbians and 'Slovenes (or 
 Slovenians) situated in the southern part of 
 the Dual Monarchy, together with our kindred 
 states have for ten centuries been the bulwark 
 of Christendom against the Turks, Avars and 
 other tribes of Mongol origin. Theorize, our 
 American brother, theorize upon the vast dif- 
 ference that would have been to the detriment 
 of western civilization if the Southern Slav 
 did not for a thousand years resist the west 
 ward march of Asiatic barbarians on many a 
 glorious battlefield, immortally inscribed in 
 history ! Almighty God, alone, may know if 
 the Gaul, Anglo-Saxon or Latin would have 
 advanced from darkness, and taken the world 
 with them as they did, if it were not for the 
 heroic Slav battling the hordes of Satan on the 
 eastern and southern borders of Europe. 
 
 The only source of information to be ha'" 
 by the western world was through Teutonic 
 channels, and it being the height of absurdity 
 to expect compliments from one's tyrant, we 
 therefore are not surprised at the mistakei 
 conception of the European Slavic world in 
 general, that is held in this glorious republic,
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 Henryk Sienkiewicz, the author of "Quo 
 Vadis", said that "America was the conscience 
 of the world." AMERICANS! we appeal to 
 that conscience ; to those noble hearts that feed 
 martyred Belgium; to your seats of science 
 whose genius freed stricken Serbia of typhus ; 
 to those noble traditions and impulses th 
 drove you into the realm of Mars in 1861 fo 
 over four bloody years, which resulted in the 
 emancipation of the black race and the prese?- 
 vation of the Great Union under the genir- 
 of martyred Lincoln, for sympathy for You' 
 Voice at the Fatal Hour, to help us secure our 
 coveted freedom through the power of you: 
 moral and material influence in world con- 
 ferences and diplomacy. 
 
 The Central Empires, in their official war 
 reports, state that the Croatians or Dalmatians 
 and other Slavs are enthusiastic victors in com- 
 bats with their brother Slavs, such as Rus- 
 
 sians and Serbians, thereby trying to sow the 
 seed of discord even among the Slavs through- 
 out the world, by trying to fasten their bloody 
 claws on the conscience of their numerous 
 victims. 
 
 Therefore, we wish to express our thanks 
 and appreciation to the American people for 
 liberties extended us and sincerely desire to re- 
 mind them of their ancestors of the Revolution- 
 ary War, the immortal heroes of 1776, when- 
 ever they enter a discussion of the Slavs in 
 general, thereby extending us what is right- 
 fully ours, the sympathies of a great demo- 
 cracy, towards a downtrodden nation that de- 
 sires a share of the glow of that mighty 
 beacon LIBERTY. 
 
 From the "Appeal" 
 Issued under the auspices of the 
 Croatian Benevolent Society "Dalmatia" 
 of Oakland, Cal. 1916. 
 
 MUSSULMANS FROM BOSNIA-EEEZEGOVINA FOR THE ALLIES. 
 
 La Tribune de Geneve, in its issue of July 
 8, 1916 publishes the proclamation by the 
 Bosnian and Herzegovinian Mussulmans living 
 in Switzerland: 
 
 "The Mussulman academic youth from 
 Bosnia-Herzegovina in Switzerland unanimous- 
 ly hails the action of the Grand Sherif of Mec- 
 ca, the chief of Islam, and sovereign lord of 
 the native county of Mohammed. 
 
 "As faithful sons of Islam we perfectly 
 approve the manner in which the Grand She- 
 rif has acted in the interests of our sacred 
 duties, and we emphatically blame the present 
 Government in Turkey, which has dishonoured 
 our Holy Faith by placing it at the service 
 of Austro-German interests. It is a great mis- 
 take to believe that the Turkish Sultans were 
 the rightful protectors of Islam. Neither Or- 
 togol Bey, nor Osman Ali, nor the Sultan So- 
 liman II. the Great ever possessed any author- 
 ity to justify their depriving one Mussulman 
 race of liberty to the advantage of another; 
 and they are still less in a position to justify 
 the abuse of our religion in their own interests. 
 
 "Before; the proclamation of the 'Holy 
 
 War' on the part of Turkey, our Islam was 
 not in the least threatened. By this declara- 
 tion Turkey has not only ruined herself, but 
 she has also and this is far more regrettable 
 endangered our whole religion. We hold 
 that she has thereby forfeited all her rights 
 as protectress ot? Islam. 
 
 "Turkey can never justify herself for 
 having proclaimed the 'Holy War' for the ad- 
 vantage of the Austro-Germans, the secular 
 enemies of Islam, and she will be responsible 
 to the Sherifate. We Musselmans of Bosnia- 
 Herzegovina, who well know the methods em- 
 ployed by the State called Austria, are in a 
 better position than others to say what use 
 Austria has made of our religion. 
 
 "Therefore the Musselman youth of Bos- 
 nia-Herzegovina cannot but hail with joy the 
 movement of the Arabs who have risen in de- 
 fence of our religion, and rejoice in their 
 action. We cannot conceal the fact that our 
 sympaties are always on the side of those who 
 devote themselves to the defence of the prin- 
 ciples of religious and national freedom."
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 FRENCH BOOKS. 
 
 36. La retraite de Serbie, par Louis L. 
 Thomson, Medecin major, Paris, 
 Hachette & Co. 
 
 37. Pierre Bertrand. L'Autriche a voulu 
 la grande guerre. Paris. 1916. 
 
 38. La Serbie et Kossovo, par le Dr. T. 
 Georgevitch, Paris, 1916. 
 
 39. La Question de 1'Adriatique, par 
 Charles Vellay. Paris. 1915. (Literai- 
 rie Chapelat). 
 
 40. Le Plan Pangermaniste demasque. 
 Par Andre Cheradame. (Paris, Plon- 
 Nourrit A Cie, 1916). 
 
 41. Le Banat, par Gregoire Yakchitch. 
 Paris. (Plon-Nourrit & Cie. 1916). 
 
 42. Le Probleme Italo slave, par P. T. 
 de Sakolovic. (Paris, Plon-Nourrit & 
 Cie.) 1916. 
 
 44. Le Probleme italo-slave, par J. T. 
 (Paris, Plon-Nourrit & Cie. 1916). 
 
 45. L 'Autriche-Hongrie en guerre centre 
 ses sujet, par Pierre de Lanux et Mi- 
 lan Toplica. (Paris, Plon-Nourrit & 
 Cie., 1915). 
 
 46. L 'Unite Yougoslave (manifeste de lo 
 jeunene Serbe, Croat et Slovine reu- 
 nie). (Paris, Plon-Nourrit & Cie. 
 1915). 
 
 47. Les Yougoslaves, lour paise, leur ave- 
 nir, par H. Hinkovic. (Paris, Librai- 
 rie Felix Alcan, 1916). 
 
 48. La Grande Serbie, par E. Denis. (Pa- 
 ris 1915. Librairie Delagrave.) 
 
 49. La Yougoslavie, par Pierre de Lanux, 
 (Paris, Payot, 1916). 
 
 50. L 'epopee Serbe, par H. Barby, (Paris 
 1916). 
 
 51. L'Autriche et la Hongrie de demain, 
 par le Dr A. Chervin, (Paris, Berger- 
 Levrault, 1916). 
 
 52. Les Yougoslaves au point de vue 
 ethnique. Leur union nationale, par 
 le Dr A. Chervin. (Paris, L 'Associa- 
 tion francaise pour 1'Avancement des 
 Sciences, 1916). 
 
 53. Les persecutions des Yougoslaves. 
 Proces politiques (1908-1916). Avan- 
 propos de Victor Berard. (Paris, 
 Plon-Nourrit & Cie. 1916). 
 
 54. Le Regime Politique d'Autriche-Hun- 
 grie en Bosnie-Herzegovine. A les 
 Proces de Houte Trahison, par un 
 groupe d' Homines politique yougo- 
 slaves, (Paris, Zupremerie Nouvelle- 
 Aunemane. 1916). 
 
 55. Balcanicus. La Bulgaria ; ses ambi- 
 tion, sa trahison, (1915). 
 
 56. La liquidation de PAutriche-Hungrie, 
 par Louis Leger, (Paris. 1915). 
 
 57. Avec Parmee d' Orient. Dardanelles, 
 Serbie, Salonique (avril 1915 Jan- 
 vier 1916) par. Joseph Vassal, (Paris, 
 Plon-Nourrit & Cie. 1916). 
 
 58. La Hongrie d'hier A de demain, par 
 Andre Dubosco, (Paris, Blond et 
 Gay, 1916).
 
 PART V. 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Even during the Balkan war many Jugo- 
 slavs from Austria-Hungary have deserted in- 
 to Serbo-Montenegrin armies and fought on 
 their soil. 
 
 In the beginning of this war all those Ju- 
 go-slavs from Austria-Hungary who happened 
 to be in Serbia and Montenegro at that time 
 and whose numbers exceeded two thousand, 
 placed themselves at the disposal of the Serb- 
 ian and Montenegrin authorities. Whoever 
 from the younger generation could, he immi- 
 grated during the first months of the war into 
 Serbia and Montenegro. A considerable num- 
 ber of such deserters came from Dalmatia, but 
 the greatest numbers fled from Bosnia and 
 Herzegovina. During the fighting in 1914 a 
 great number of Jugo-slav soldiers from Aus- 
 tro-Hungary surrendered readily and of whom 
 several thousands later joined of their own 
 free will either the fighting line or the police 
 forces or the civil service of Serbia and Monte- 
 negro. There were entire companies and in- 
 deed whole battalions from the Austro-Hunga- 
 rian armies who passed over to the Serbian 
 side : thus a whole regiment from Dalmatia, 
 has passed over with all officers, banners, 
 arms, music and equipment to the Serbian side. 
 During the Serbian retreat in the winter of 
 1915 the greatest number of the Austrian war 
 prisoners of Slav nationality joined the Serb- 
 ian fighting lines, and althoug^b, all the 
 prisoners were at liberty either to remain in 
 Serbia or to return to the Austrian lines, none 
 from the Jugo-slav prisoners remained in 
 Serbia. None of the war prisoners would re- 
 main but all joined the Serbian armies in their 
 retreat through Albania. Even at this moment 
 there are in the Serbian army great numbers 
 of Jugo-slav volunteers from Austria. 
 
 In the very beginning of this war many 
 Slavs, especially the Czechs and Jugo-Slav, sur- 
 rendered themselves to the Russians where- 
 ever an opportunity presented itself. This is 
 explained by the fact that in the first engage- 
 ments around Lvov (Lemberg) the greater 
 part of the third army corps, composed of 
 pure Slovenes, has reached Russian hands, as 
 
 also the thirteenth army corps composed chief- 
 ly of the Croatians forms the bulk of the lists 
 of the war prisoners in Russia. That is the 
 only manner to explain the fact that there are 
 to-day in Russia in round numbers 200,000 Ju- 
 go-slav, Austrian soldiers, who have been 
 captured. 
 
 The majority of these prisoners have been 
 liberated by the Russian Government, and they 
 have volunteered and formed two complete 
 divisions who are being drilled under the 
 command of the superior Serbian officiers, as 
 also the ex-Austrian officiers who have joined 
 those divisions. 
 
 Besides there are many Jugo-slav volun- 
 teers in British and French armies. It may be 
 established that since the beginning of this 
 war untill now at least 100,000 Jugo-slavs have 
 participated or organized for battle in the war 
 against the Central Powers. 
 
 All this proves most persuasively that the 
 Austrian Jugo-slavs long so much for their li- 
 beration that they give freely and in masses 
 their lives in the struggle for liberation and 
 helping their Serbian brothers, the Liberators. 
 
 JUGOSLAV SOLDIERS IN THE 
 FRENCH ARMY. 
 
 There are many Jugoslavs serving in the 
 French Foreign Legion, and fighting bravely 
 on the side of the gallant French. One of 
 them, Thomas Goricki, was recently mortally 
 wounded, and we fear that he has since died. 
 He was a brave and gallant boy, and was de- 
 corated for valour. As far back as on Feb. 8 
 the Paris Temps brought the following notice 
 about him, sent by one of its correspondents. : 
 
 "Thomas Goricki, from Virovitica (Croa- 
 tia), private in the marching regiment of the 
 Foreign Legion, at present on leave in Paris, 
 came to see me, and told me the following: 
 'As I was in France at the moment of the 
 declaration of war, I hastened to enlist in the 
 Foreign Legion. The medal of St. George 
 which you see on my breast was recently be- 
 stowed on me by His Majesty the Tsar. Several 
 others of my countrymen, who have distin- 
 guished themselves on the fields of battle by
 
 42 
 
 deeds of dash or heroism, were similarly deco- 
 rated. All of us Jugoslavs are mixed up with 
 the Czechs, and that is why even the French do 
 not know that we too are fighting on their 
 side. We are fighting with enthusiasm beside 
 the French, for their victory, which will be 
 ours as well, because the foremost result of 
 this victory must be the dissolution of Aus- 
 tria-Hungary, and consequently the deliverance 
 of our whole Jugoslav race from the Austro- 
 Magyar yoke and our reunion with resuscitat- 
 ed Serbia." 
 
 I 
 
 SOUTHERN SLAV VOLUNTEERS FROM 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Dr. H. Hinkovic, for the Jugoslav Com- 
 mittee, gave following communication through 
 "Manchester Guardian", September 1916: 
 
 According to a Petrograd despatch pub- 
 lished in the papers, Serbian troops, under 
 the command of the Serbian General Hadjich, 
 have entered Rumania in order to co-operate 
 with the Russian and Rumanian troops. Evi- 
 dently they could only come from Russia. But 
 how did they arrive there? And do we not 
 know that the remnants of the Serbian troops 
 who survived the Albanian castrophe are at 
 present on the Salonika front? Kindly allow 
 me to unveil this mystery. 
 
 These Serbian contigents are principally 
 formed of the Southern Slav prisoners of 
 war who succeeded in surrendering to the Rus- 
 sians. The war which the Germans and Ma- 
 gyars of Austria-Hungary are waging against 
 Serbia and Russia is for the Austro-Hungarian 
 Southern Slav (Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes) a 
 fratricidal one. To force them to fight their 
 brothers and kinsmen is a crime unparalleled 
 in history. Thousands of young men succeed- 
 ed in escaping from Austria-Hungary, and 
 other thousands who flocked from both Ameri- 
 cas and the British over-seas dominions joined 
 the Serbian army as volunteers and helped to 
 win its magnificent victories. There are also 
 Southern Slavs in the British and French ranks. 
 Tens of thousands are working in American, 
 British, and French ammunition factories. 
 Those who have been by force enrolled in the 
 Austro-Hungarian armies surrendered in mass- 
 es wherever there was an opportunity. It was 
 the Southern Slav Committee which took the 
 
 JTHB SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 initiative of forming volunteer contigents of 
 Southern Slavs captured by Russians. At our 
 appeal our heroes rushed from all parts of the 
 vast Russsian Empire to perform their sacred 
 duty. Enthusiastically they offered their young 
 lives to a noble cause. This cause is to crush 
 their gaolers the Germans and Magyars; to 
 destroy their prison Austria-Hungary ; to free 
 themselves, and to establish with Serbia an 
 independent State embracing the whole Jugo- 
 slav race. 
 
 There are those who ask if the Croats and 
 'Slovenes really wish to join the Serbs. The 
 Jugoslav volunteers who entered Rumania and 
 those who from every possible part rush to 
 Salonika to enlarge the number of the Serbian 
 fighters answer this question in an incontest- 
 able manner. They are all ready to shed their 
 blood with their Serbian brothers with a com- 
 mon enthusiasm for their common fatherland, 
 for their common national ideals. 
 
 FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG, 10, 16th, has 
 an article from its correspondent Alolf Koes- 
 ter. "The news that there are Russian troops 
 fighting in Dobrudja, under the Rumanian 
 command, must be confirmed; it is a fact 
 though, that on the Roumanian side there is 
 one Serbian division in which besides others, 
 there are a number of Austro-Hungarian vo- 
 lunteers. The Serbian officiers in command 
 have come fron Corfu to Russia, around 
 England...." 
 
 THE GLOBE (N. Y.), of September 17th, 
 has received the following from Lausanne ;. 
 Some time ago the telegraphic news has stated 
 that there are a number of Serbian troops in 
 Odessa, Russia. We are able, now, to give 
 some authentic news about this unusual phe- 
 nomen. From the large number of prisoners of 
 war captured by Russia, more then one half 
 of them, or about 700,000 are Slav, Rouma- 
 nians or Italians. Russia did not ask one 
 prisoner of war to volunteer into the army, 
 but thousands of prisoners ; Croat, Bosnian and 
 Herzegovinian have asked to be enrolled in a 
 Serbian Corps. Their wishes have been grant- 
 ed and last May, one hundred and thirty Serb- 
 ian Officiers have gone to Russsia to organize 
 these volunteers. Since then the number, 
 without doubt, has risen considerably. 
 
 This movement is of more political then 
 military consideration and it will no doubt, 
 be of great significance for the Austro-Hun- 
 garian Slavs."
 
 ti SotifHEttN SLAV'S 
 
 THE JUGOSLAV VOLUNTEERS IN THE 
 
 BATTLE OF DOBRUDJA, 
 
 SEPTEMBER 1916. 
 
 The first Jugoslav division, numbering 
 25,000 men, has given an excellent account of 
 themselves in the big battle fought the later 
 part of September in Dobrudja. This division 
 is composed entirely ot ex-Austrian soldiers 
 that were made prisoneres of war in Russia 
 and now are volunteering into the army. They 
 were on the left of the battle line covering 
 the town of Constanza. The position of the 
 Allied army was extremely bad, and when the 
 lines started to waver the time came for our 
 volunteers to go into the battle under the 
 leadership of he high Serbian officers. The 
 enemy stormed the lines of this particular di- 
 vision eighteen times without success. Furious 
 at such resistance, Mackensen ordered cavalry 
 to storm the lines but our boys broke the enemy 
 lines with bombs and bayonets. Five thou- 
 sand Germans were killed and eight big guns 
 and sixteen mittrailleuse composed the booty 
 taken from the Germans. The Second Jugo- 
 slav division has been also formed and with 
 the first one it will make a special Jugoslav 
 Corps under the command of the Serbian 
 general. 
 
 This has been also noted by the Austrian 
 Press and the Roumanian high command has 
 complimented our volunteers. 
 
 Even the Russian Tsar on the occassion 
 of the review of the Jugoslav troops at Odesa 
 has congratulated our troops for its bravery. 
 
 THE PROCLAMATION OF GEN. 2IVKOVI6 
 TO THE JUGOSLAV VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 M. Zivkovic, Serbian commander and gen- 
 eral adjutant to His Majesty the King. 
 
 The Novoe Vremja, leading Russian news- 
 paper, published in Petrograd, Oct. 17, has 
 brought the following order of the day, given 
 
 by General M. Zivkovic, commander of the 
 Jugoslav volunteers in Russia. 
 
 "I consider myself fortunate that his 
 Majesty our beloved King Peter has given me 
 the command of the volunteer corps, which is 
 composed of the sons of the Serbo-Croat-Slo- 
 vene people, and of our brothers Czechs and 
 Slovaks. I am especially glad to see you all 
 united, of your own free will, in the blessed 
 land of the defender of Slavs, the great Russia. 
 I am confident that the long awaited day, the 
 day of the liberation and the union of the Jugo- 
 slav people and the liberation of the Czechs and 
 Slovaks from the Austrian yoke, has arrived. 
 
 In the past, we have always been cogni- 
 zant of our peril and so for centuries we had 
 to fight our enemies. Today, as participants 
 in this great war for rights, we can see more 
 clearly, better than ever before, that the safe- 
 ty of the Jugoslavs lies in unity and solidarity. 
 I can see that your young hearts are full with 
 this idea, and I as your commander can testify 
 that you have been fighting for it as heroes, 
 as well as your brothers from Sumava, and the 
 first division's heroical sacrifice is the best 
 proof of it. 
 
 Heroes, do not forget for a moment that 
 in this war against our wicked enemies, not 
 only the survival of the Kingdom of Serbia is 
 at stake, but the whole question of unification 
 of all Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in one insep- 
 arable state of Jugoslavia, as well as the future 
 of our sister countries, Bohemia and Slovak- 
 land. 
 
 Serbia has proved to the world that her 
 existence is not worth while without being 
 united with her sisters, Croatia and Slovenia, 
 Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Dalma- 
 tia, Srijem, Backa and Banat, and without free 
 Bohemia and Slovakland. In volunteering to 
 fight for Jugoslavia, you are fulfilling the vow 
 of your great teachers: "Love your brother, 
 whatever his faith."
 
 ?HB SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPBAJ- 
 
 LORD CROMER ON THE JUGOSLAVS 
 
 (From "The Spectator", August, 1916.) 
 
 "Some of the smaller countries of the 
 world owe their importance largely to the 
 accident of their geographical position. Egypt 
 and Belgium are cases in point. Serbia is 
 another. Serbia occupies a position of the 
 highest strategical and political importance. 
 'Just as in the Middle Ages Serbia lay across 
 the path of the Turkish conquerors moving 
 westwards, so last autumn she blocked the path 
 of the German conquerors moving eastwards.' 
 It cannot be too clearly understood that the 
 Drang nach Osten has constituted the corner- 
 stone of the foundations on which all recent 
 German policy has been built. The fact that 
 at the commencement of the war the efforts 
 of the German General Staff appeared to be 
 exclusively directed to reaching Paris some- 
 what obscured this view of the question. The 
 British public were disposed to think that 
 German action in 1914 was analogous to that 
 of 1870. In reality, no such analogy existed. 
 In 1870, the Germans were fighting to secure 
 German unity and nothing more. This almost 
 necessarily led to a conflict with France. In 
 1914, the French contest was merely a side- 
 show. The defeat of the French Army and the 
 occupation of Paris were mainly regarded as 
 indispensable preludes to the execution of an 
 Eastern policy which had long been contem- 
 plated. This became apparent when the 
 advance to Paris was checked. The true cha- 
 racter of the war became manifest when King 
 Ferdinand of Bulgaria threw off the mask and 
 events developed in Mesopotamia. The real 
 objective of the German Goverment was then 
 revealed. That objective had been explained 
 by numerous German writers long before the 
 war commenced." 
 
 Dealing with various ways of combating 
 Germany's sinister and ambitious projects, 
 Lord Cromer says: "One of them is to main- 
 tain intact that naval supremacy which excites 
 the boundless wrath of Count Reventlow, and 
 which has induced him to term Great Britain 
 the 'Vampire of the Continent.' But this alone 
 would not suffice to secure the object in view. 
 Another highly efficacious method would be 
 to adopt the policy advocated by Dr. Seton- 
 Watson, and described by Prince Alexander of 
 Serbia as 'the union in one single Fatherland 
 of all the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, who are 
 
 one people with the same traditions, the same 
 tongue, the same tendencies, but whom an evil 
 fate has divided.' Further, Bohemia must be 
 rendered autonomous. The disintegration of 
 Austria would be a necessary consequence of 
 these changes. The German provinces of 
 Austria would fall to Germany. There is no 
 reason why they should not do so. Their 
 adjunction would be in strict conformity with 
 the application of those Nationalist principles 
 which are generally favoured in all democratic 
 countries. Moreover, the addition of a South 
 German population to the German Empire 
 would possibly strengthen the revolt against 
 that disastrous Prussian hegemony which has 
 caused such fatal results, and which may not 
 improbably receive a check from the Germans 
 themselves when the present war is con- 
 cluded." 
 
 Lord Cromer concludes: 
 
 "The formation of a strong Southern Slav 
 State, which 'would form a barrier against 
 Teutonic aggression, ought not to encounter 
 any opposition in Italy. Its creation would be 
 distinctly favourable to Italian interests. The 
 Hungarians will, of course, be violently op- 
 posed to any such political combination. The 
 spirit which still animates the Magyars is the 
 same as that proclaimed by Kossuth, who was 
 only a Liberal when direct Magyar interests 
 were at stake, when he said: 'I know no Croa- 
 tian nationality'. This opposition should not, 
 however, be allowed to stand in the way of the 
 realization of the project. On grounds alike of 
 sentiment and interest, the establishment of a 
 Southern Slav Federation merits not merely 
 the sympathy, but the full support of 
 the British Government. Thus, Dr. Seton- 
 Watson says: 'The small and land-locked 
 Serbia of the past will be transformed into a 
 strong and united Southern Slav State upon 
 the eastern shore of the Adriatic, no longer 
 seething with unrest as the result of Magyar 
 misrule in Croatia and Austrian economic 
 tariffs, but free at last to develop a national 
 life which has resisted five centuries of 
 Turkish oppression.' Moreover, by the adop- 
 tion of this plan not only would an act of 
 political justice be performed, but a very 
 valuable guarantee for the future peace of the 
 world would be secured."
 
 PART VI 
 
 CROATS AND SLOVENES IN AUSTRIA- HUNGARY 
 AND THE SOUTHERN SLAV UNITY. 
 
 CROATIA AND NATIONAL UNITY. 
 
 From the fifteenth century to the present 
 day every Croatian Parliament has consistently 
 demanded that the national territory should 
 not be divided, but united in one state. Croa- 
 tia has always been the home of every move- 
 ment in favour of Jugoslav unity. Her greatest 
 men, no less than every one of her nineteenth- 
 century Parliaments, have never ceased to 
 preach the doctrine of Jugoslav unity to the 
 nation, especially to the Serbs and Croats. It 
 was because Austria and Germany realized 
 that a union between Croats and Slovenes on 
 the one hand, and 'Serbs and Croats on the 
 other, would endanger their supremacy in the 
 Adriatic, that the Central Powers provoked 
 this war, through which they hoped to deal the 
 Jugoslavs a mortal blow by crushing the New 
 Serbia of the Karageorgevic, that most dan- 
 gerous focus for the creation of a future Ju- 
 goslav state. 
 
 In 1712 the Croatian Parliament accepted 
 the Austrian "Pragmatic Sanction" before the 
 Hungarian Parliament did so, and independ- 
 ently of its decision. The Pragmatic Sanction 
 includes a clause to the effect that the Croatian 
 nation transfers "the Eoyal Power and Prero- 
 gative and the Rights of the Kingdom to such 
 descendants of the house of Austria in the fe- 
 male line as shall become possessed of Styria, 
 Carnia, and Carinthia," thus emphasizing the 
 demand of the nation that the Slovene coun- 
 tries should not be divided from Croatia. 
 
 The national awakening of Croatia and 
 the Croats began with the so-called "Illyrian 
 movement" in 1832. This movement was es- 
 sentially Jugoslav in its character, having for 
 its ideal the union of the whole nation from 
 Skutari to Varna and the Triglav. 
 
 In 1848, during the reign of Ban Jellacic 
 and at the time of the war against the Ma 
 gyars, who tried even then to Magyarize Croa- 
 
 tia, the Croatian Parliament proclaimed "the 
 unity of the Serbs and Croats" and their 
 brotherhood in arms, adopting "all Serbian 
 claims as our own, even as we form one nation 
 with the Serbs, and will never permit ourselves 
 to be divided from them." The Parliament 
 further demanded that the provinces of Dal- 
 matia, Istria, Gorizia, Carnia, Carniola, and 
 Southern Styria should be included in the 
 union of Croatia and the Serbian Vojvodina. 
 
 When in 1860 the Austrian Constitution 
 was re-established, and the Conference con- 
 voked by the Ban of Croatia was invited to 
 express its views, it replied by demanding that 
 "all Dalmatia, and at least the Quarnero Is- 
 lands of Krk, Cres, and Losinj belonging to 
 Istria, as well as the former Croatian districts 
 of Volosco, Labin, and Novigrad should be 
 
 united with Croatia." 
 
 * * * 
 
 The Croatian Parliament of 1861 and 1865 
 again affirmed the national unity of Croats 
 and Serbs, and demanded the territorial union 
 of all Jugoslav lands in Austria. 
 
 * * # 
 
 Even under the regime of Count Khuen 
 Hedervary (1883-1903), the most corrupt ever 
 known in Croatia, the Croatian Parliament in- 
 sisted upon the necessity of free and brotherly 
 intercourse between Serbs and Croats; and 
 the language used in all Government offices 
 and schools was officially designated as the 
 "Serbo-Croat language." 
 
 Since 1906 the majority in the Croatian 
 Parliament has consisted of members of the 
 Serbo-Croat Coalition, a group of parties which 
 has never failed to obtain a majority at all 
 elections, even upon occasions when the 
 Government has done its utmost to terrorize 
 the electors. The Serbo-Croat Coalition has for 
 its party programme the union of Croats, 
 Serbs, and Slovenes. The opposition consists 
 of a few members belonging to a small party 
 which is both Austrophil and Serbophobe. The 
 Magyaropbil party came to an end many years 
 ago.
 
 46 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 CROATS AND MAGYARS. 
 
 We quote the following extracts (penned 
 in 1860 and 1862) from the writings of Mons. 
 Fran jo Racki, the well-known Croatian histo- 
 rian and politician, and first President of the 
 Jugoslav Academy of Art and Science, found- 
 ed in 1867 by Bishop Strossmayer (vide Vla- 
 dimir Zagorki, Francois Racki et la Renais- 
 sance Scientifique et Politique de la Croatic. 
 Paris, 1909) : 
 
 "If the Balkan Peninsula had heen grant- 
 ed the centuries of comparative peace necessa- 
 ry to the development of state society, the 
 racial differences would have been gradually 
 obliterated, and the various nationalities amal- 
 gamated in one national community, which 
 would have proved strong enough to constitute 
 an independent State between the Adriatic and 
 the Black Sea. The principal reason why the 
 Jugoslavs have not taken that place in history 
 to which they are entitled both by their num- 
 bers and their geographical position, is that 
 they never succeeded in creating their own 
 body politic. 
 
 "The treaty between Hungary and Croa- 
 tia in the twelfth century not only interrupted 
 the growth of the Croatian state, but post- 
 poned the development of Jugoslav unity for 
 centuries. Every thinking man must admit 
 that South Eastern Europe owes its present 
 aspect by which it is a menace to civilization, 
 only to the absence of a strong Jugoslav state, 
 which would have prevented the Turks from 
 establishing themselves in Europe. 
 
 "Hungarian policy has always aimed at 
 undermining Croatian independence, so that 
 Hungary might reach the sea across Croatia, 
 just as in former times (this was written in 
 1860) Hungary sougfit to dominate Bosnia, 
 Serbia, Bulgaria, and Rumania, so that she 
 might carry her power as far as the Balkan 
 Mountains and the Lower Danube. The idea of 
 Jugoslav unity, no matter whether it appeared 
 in Croatia, Serbia, or Bosnia, never had a more 
 determined or ruthless enemy than Hungary. 
 
 "We see in Jugoslav solidarity the strong- 
 est guarantee for our national existence; but, 
 rightly or wrongly, the Magyars see in it the 
 grave of their own nationality. We look upon 
 the liberation of the East as a primary condi- 
 tion for a better national future, whereas the 
 Magyars look upon it as the beginning of their 
 downfall or at least as the end of their claims 
 to supremacy. 
 
 ' ' The Croats can honestly say to the Serbs : 
 'we do not aim at supremacy, because there 
 
 can be no question of supremacy between two 
 branches of the same nation. Whatever you 
 may achieve, we will gladly acknowledge it and 
 join hands with you. You are masters of the 
 Drina. May God bless your standards when 
 you cross the river." 
 
 We will also quote Tadija Smiciklas, the 
 author of the first systematically compiled} 
 history of Croatia, late President of the Jugo- 
 slav Academy (died 1914). In 1888 he wrote 
 the following: 
 
 "The Serbs and Croats are one nation. The 
 best and foremost sons of our nation bow 
 their heads before this highest principle ; but the 
 idea of nationality can only be realized by 
 national union." 
 
 SPEECH BY MR. TRUMBI6, IN THE DAL- 
 MATIAN DIET IN 1903, ON THE PAN- 
 GERMAN PERIL AND THE NEED 
 FOR A UNION OF THE EN- 
 DANGERED NATIONS. 
 
 (Mr. Trumbic is the President of the Ju- 
 goslav Committee in London). 
 
 In 1903 Croatia was convulsed by a na- 
 tional movement which aimed at freeing the 
 country from Magyar tyranny as represented 
 by Count Khuen Hedervary. The disturbances 
 which arose in Croatia at the time, accom- 
 panied by wholesale incarcerations and nume- 
 rous executions under martial law, found an 
 echo in Dalmatia, in Istria, and in the Slovene 
 land; the idea of Jugoslav communion of in- 
 terests and the national Serbo-Croat and Slo- 
 vene unity was strenghtened by it and pulsated 
 more vigorously than before. The contempt- 
 uous attitude of Francis Joseph, who would 
 not condescent to receive the deputies of the 
 Dalmatian Diet, who petitioned for the aboli- 
 tion of martial law, merely whetted the desire 
 for deliverance and the hatred for Austria- 
 Hungary, who wanted to force the German 
 language upon discontented Dalmatia. 
 
 Of the leaders of that movement some ar 
 in Austrian prisons, others are safe obroad, be- 
 yond the reach of Austrian persecution, and 
 furthering the work of union and deliverance. 
 The Deputy, Dr. Trumbic, now President of 
 the Jugoslav Committee, made a momentous 
 speech at the time (Nov. 7, 1903), in which lie 
 exposed the methods which Austria employed
 
 THE SOUTHERN SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 47 
 
 to isolate Dalmatia from the other Jugoslav 
 provinces. 
 
 Criticizing the machinations of Austria, 
 who was trying to introduce the German lan- 
 guage by force, Dr. Trumbic" said: "We d^ 
 not want a foreign language. The rights, sen- 
 timents, and aspirations of the nation are on- 
 posed to it, because they demand that pn'd? 
 of place should be given to our native l*v 
 guage, both in the Government offices and in 
 the home administration of our own country. 
 National sentiment refuses to tolerate subjec- 
 tion to the foreigner within its own borders. 
 Our national aspirations are not leading us 
 towards Germanism, but towards liberty. An 
 attempt is being made to force the German 
 language upon us under the pretext of unify- 
 ing the administration of the State. But in a 
 State desirous of possessing wholesome and 
 sound foundations there can be no needs be- 
 yond the needs of the people. And woe to 
 the State in which the interests of the State 
 are not identical with those of the people! 
 
 "Germanism threatens to make the aspi- 
 rations of the Croats an impossibility. Greater 
 Germany is gravitating towards the South of 
 Europe to enslave under its yoke the beauti- 
 ful lands which are the heritage of the Croats. 
 Germany is threatening the entire South of 
 Europe with her plans of conquest ; it is a fact 
 recognized by all Europe except Austria. Ger- 
 many is as great a menace to the oppressed 
 Croats as to the Magyar oppressors, who are 
 so intoxicated by their Pan-Magyar idea that 
 they fail to perceive that they are only the 
 tool of the Teuton, to be thrown away when 
 it has served its turn. Germany is a peril not 
 only to the non-Germanic nationalities in Aus- 
 tria and the Balkans, but also to one of the 
 great nations of Southern Europe, viz., our 
 neighbour Italy. What, then, is the lesson we 
 must learn from this peril? Our only lesson 
 is, that we must go forward all united, and 
 shoulder to shoulder, in order to oppose a com- 
 mon front to the common foe. 
 
 "It is inevitable that the Croats should 
 seek for support abroad, seeing that we may 
 look for help in vain in this Monarchy where 
 we are isolated and oppressed. The moral 
 support of foreign nations may help us more 
 than guns. The help of other nations and the 
 conviction of Europe that our cause is good, 
 that our claims are sacred and justified, 
 since they spring from the right to life 
 and existence, can alone change the destiny 
 of our nation, which has seen nothing but in- 
 
 justice and suffering in this Monarchy from 
 time immemorial down to this day. This 
 Monarchy, which ought to be a refuge for 
 small nations in the heart of Europe, has be- 
 trayed its trust. Instead of being a house of 
 liberty for the nations and helping them in 
 their progress and development, it is neither 
 more nor less than a slave market. Conflicts 
 between nationalities are raised, fictitious ad- 
 ministrative needs invented which are contra- 
 ry to the welfare of the peoples and solely ful- 
 fil the purpose of protracting the present state 
 of affairs. It seems that this Empire is incur- 
 able. So long as Austria felt equal to the task, 
 she oppressed her nationalitites single-handed ; 
 when she no longer felt equal to it, she created 
 the Dualism, handing over the nationalities 
 who lived in the other half of the Monarchy 
 to the savage caprice of the Magyars, while 
 she continued her own pernicious labours in 
 her own half. 
 
 "The events which have recently taken 
 place in our Croatian fatherland are calculat- 
 ed to disillusion even those old champions who 
 hoped that the Monarchy would in the end 
 bring its interests into harmony with those of 
 the Croatian people. Alas, these fair dreams 
 are shattered and the old champions are in de- 
 spair. As if all were at an end, if Austria 
 will not consent to be just. But this despair 
 is out of place so long as the nation lives ; and 
 we have been obliged to say: 'There is no 
 justice in the Monarchy for the Croats.' We 
 should add at once: 'Our nation has existed 
 before the Monarchy, and it will exist after 
 it.' (A voice: 'Both within the Monarchy and 
 without!') 
 
 "Violence will have had its day, and so 
 long as a nation lives on its own soil then, 
 so long as it is not dead, there is always hope 
 of success. The younger generation, by re- 
 awakening hope in the heart of the nation and 
 looking to the nation itself for support and 
 strenght, and abroad for moral support, will 
 carry on the work of emancipation, and we 
 shall attain our goal, which is to make the 
 Croats a nation which is its own master. I 
 will conclude my remarks with the words 
 with which Milan Samardzic, leader of Krivo- 
 sie insurgents, welcomed the Austrian General 
 Eodic: 'May God give Austria all she desires 
 for us Croats." 
 
 These are the words spoken by Mr. Trum- 
 bic, thirteen years ago, with the applause of 
 the Dalmatian Diet.
 
 48 THE SOUTHERN 
 
 FEW OF MANY DECLARATIONS OF 
 
 POLITICAL PARTIES IN CROATIAN 
 
 PARLIAMENT SINCE THE 
 
 BEGINNING OF WAR. 
 
 When the Croatian Parliament reassem- 
 bled this year in July, i. e., under the most try- 
 ing conditions of a war atmosphere, it declared 
 through the Speaker, amids a storm of enthu- 
 siastic applause from all parties, that the Cro- 
 ats demand the Freedom, unity, and independ- 
 ence of the nation. During the sittings sharp 
 comments were passed upon the Germans and 
 Magyars, and upon the policy pursued by 
 Vienna and Budapest. 
 
 In one of the last sittings of the Zagreb 
 Sabor, Mr. Vilder, Serbo-Croat deputy and 
 editor of the news paper Hrvatski Pokret, 
 which has been suspended, spoke in answer to 
 a press campaign inaugurated against him by 
 an Austrophil journal. 
 
 Mr. Vilder said : "I am replying from the 
 platform of a deputy because the existing 
 typographic conditions (he was referring to 
 the censorship) do not permit me to reply 
 through the press to the polemics of hostile 
 journals. The abnormal conditions which pre- 
 vail because of the war are being exploited by 
 the Austrophil elements. Every Serb and Croat 
 who does not belong to the Frank party is 
 denounced as a traitor to the State. As for 
 me, I am accused of having declared that the 
 idea of the Serbo-Croat coalition will survive 
 the war. Well, yes ; here, during the war even, 
 I tell you frankly that the idea of national 
 Serbo-Croat unity will live after the war as it 
 lived before it. I am only re-stating here in 
 a few words what thousands of the best sons 
 of the Croatian people have said and preached. 
 It will be just the same in the future. Without 
 considering myself a prophet, I can assert with 
 perfect confidence that, even if after the peace 
 treaty the frontiers remain as they are at 
 present, those in power will be obliged to 
 reckon with this idea. ' ' 
 
 Te sitting on June 14, the first of the new 
 session, was opened by a loyalist speech by 
 
 SLAV'S APPEAL 
 
 Mr. Pero Magdic who, referring to the war 
 on the Adriatic front, said: ''The enemy is 
 stretching his hand towards our Croatian sea 
 with the object of depriving us of our most 
 precious pearl." Mr. Veceslav Vilder, member 
 of the Serbo-Croat Coalition, spoke of his 
 attachment to the idea of Serbo-Croat unity 
 which he does not fear to defend in spite of all 
 informers. ' ' 
 
 The same day, in the Budget Committee 
 of the Croatian Sabor, Mr. Alexander Horvat, 
 of the Frank party, refused to vote for the 
 indemnity, giving the following reason for his 
 refusal : 
 
 "We have no liberty to express our 
 thoughts through the press. Everything moves 
 under the rule of the court martial, which 
 constantly weighs upon Croatia . . . Political 
 censorship is pitilessly rampant although 
 utterly without system in the columns of our- 
 newspapers. The Magyar politicians, both in 
 the Goverment and in the Opposition, are free 
 to express their views on the future reorganiza- 
 tion of the Monarchy, especially in all that 
 concerns the conquered territory of the king- 
 dom of Serbia; they discuss home and foreign 
 politics, and insult and provoke us at their 
 leisure. If we attempt to defend Croatian 
 rights, or even to copy what they freely write, 
 we are inexorably censored. 
 
 In the sitting of the Sabor on June 17 Mr. 
 Stjepan Radio, of the peasant party, critizised 
 the Hungaro-Croatian Compromise and re- 
 gretted the lacunae in the instruction received 
 by the Croatian youth. He complains of our 
 students' ignorance of foreign languages, 
 especially of Russian. His party, which 
 accepts the integral unity of Croats, Serbs, and 
 Slovenes, is opposed to the Hungaro-Croatian 
 Compromise, which is contrary to the national 
 unity: "Conscious of being Slavs and Europe- 
 ans we must endeavour to overthrow the exist- 
 ing Hungarian Goverment; the future of the 
 Croats is safe, because they are bound to the 
 West by their intellectual influence, and to 
 Russia by racial affinity."
 
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