IC-NRLF OB 363 At* DOCUMENTS DEPT. M7 Mt.fi Cl ' GIFT OF DOCUMENTS O^PT. WBl'lZ WlVd 65TH CONGRESS 1 2d Session / SENATE DOCUMENT No. 166 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS LETTER FROM THE FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRANSMITTING, IN RESPONSE TO A SENATE RESOLUTION OF JAN. 27, REPORT ON A PRELIMINARY STUDY BY THE FEDERAL BOARD ENTITLED "VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION AND PLACEMENT OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS" JANUARY 30, 1918. Referred to the Committee on Education and Labor and ordered to be printed WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 POT. FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. MEMBERS. DAVID F. HOUSTON, Chairman, JAMES P. MUNROE, Secretary of Agriculture. Manufacture and Commerce. WILLIAM C. REDFIELD, CHARLES A. GREATHOUSE, Secretary of Commerce. Agriculture. WILLIAM B. WILSON, ARTHUR E. HOLDER, Secretary of Labor. Labor. P. P. CLAXTON, Commissioner of Education. EXECUTIVE STAFF. C. A. PROSSER, Director. LAYTON S. HAWKINS, JOSEPHINE T. BERRY, Assistant Director for Assistant Director for Home Agricultural Education. Economics Education. LEWIS H. CARRIS, CHARLES H. WINSLOW, Assistant Director for Assistant Director for Research. Industrial Education. CHEESMAN A. HERRICK, Special Agent for Commercial Education. 2 UK DOCUMENT DEPT. 65TH CONGRESS, 1ftQ 9n Su-HQTrkM O XtJaO. JLO*7. 2D SESSION. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. JANUARY 28, 1918. Mr. SMITH of Georgia submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to. RESOLUTION. 1 Resolved, That the Federal Board for Vocational Edu- 2 cation be directed to furnish to the Senate such information 3 as it may have or can readily obtain on the rehabilitation 4 and vocational reeducation of crippled soldiers and sailors. 371848 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, OFFICE OF THE BOARD, Washington, January 29, 1918. lion. THOMAS R. MARSHALL, President United States Senate, Washington, D. C. SIR: The Federal Board for Vocational Education is in receipt of the following resolution of the Senate of January 28, 1918: Resolved, That the Federal Board for Vocational Education be directed to furnish to the Senate such information as it may have or can readily obtain on the rehabilitation and vocational reeducation of crippled soldiers and sailors. Pursuant thereto there is herewith transmitted a preliminary study by the Federal board entitled " Vocational Rehabilitation and Place- ment of Disabled Soldiers and Sailors." Respectfully, JAMES P. MUNROE, I 'ice Chairman. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. General principles and policies: Page. Foreword 9 The problem The need for vocational education for disabled soldiers and sailors 1. To insure economic independence 2. To avoid vocational degeneration 3. To prevent exploitation 4. To conserve trade skill 5. To insure national rehabilitation 6. To adjust supply of labor to demand 7. To develop new vocational efficiency Cost of vocational reeducation Preparation for victims of industry after the war Specific services to be rendered . . ' Immediate action required Public support Public versus private control and administration Military discipline National versus State administration and control Cooperation with the States 20 Cooperation with private agencies 21 Financing the work of vocational rehabilitation 21 Appropriation by the Federal Government 22 !a) Provision for preliminary survey work 22 b) Provision for the conduct of vocational reeducation work 22 e) Provision for support of men and their dependents during the period of reeducation 22 Appropriation by the States 22 Appropriation by municipalities 23 Contributions by private and semipublic agencies 23 Need for training teachers for rehabilitation 24 Need for early enactment of legislation 26 Conference to formulate a comprehensive plan of rehabilitation 28 Legislation must be broad and flexible 29 PART II. Foreign legislation and experience: Coordination and centralization of authority. .'. 31 England ; Naval and military war pensions act of 1915 32 Work of the statutory committee 33 Temporary allowance 34 Hospital discharges 35 Provision for reeducation 36 Ministry-of-pensions act 36 Naval and military war-pensions act of 1917 37 Regulations for training disabled men 38 Employment 39 Trade advisory committees 39 Advisory; wages boards 40 Inquiry into trades 40 8 - CONTENTS. PART II. Foreign legislation and experience Continued. France: P age . Early efforts for reeducation 42 Office national des mutiles et relormes de la Guerre 43 Provincial committees 45 Rehabilitation 45 Register 46 Inquiry into trades 46 Reservation of employments 46 Employee's liability in case of injury 47 Canada: Military hospitals commission 47 Purposes and methods of the commission 49 Blank forms used by military hospitals commission 50 Belgium 55 Australia 55 Italy 55 South Africa 57 Newfoundland 57 India 58 New Zealand 58 PART III. The size of the problem: Some factors to be taken into consideration in estimating the number that will require vocational reeducation 50 PART IV. Outline for an exhaustive study and report: Vocational reeducation and placement of disabled soldiers and sailors 73 PART V. A bibliography of the war cripple 77 FOREWORD. This document is the outcome of a special research ordered by the Federal Board for Vocational Education on August 16, 1917. The board took this step because it recognized that the United States would soon be confronting the problem of rehabilitating the disabled soldiers and sailors resulting from the great war. As the vocational reeducation of these men has come to be a vital part of their rehabili- tation, it is believed that the study here presented may be of service in the discharge of our great obligation as a people to those injured in the national defense. The experience of our allies in vocational rehabilitation has been collated and analyzed. The lessons gained by them are presented for the guidance of all those interested in the problem in our own country. Certain general principles and policies toward which this experience points have been put forth as the basis of any sound program of Fed- eral legislation and national action. While the report deals primarily with the handicapped soldier and sailor, attention is directed particularly to the discussion of the possibility of providing vocational reeducation for the victims of industry as well as of war. The report also outlines a complete series of studies of the entire problem as the basis for future and more detailed investigations in this field. This study was made by Dr. John Cummings under the supervision of Charles H. Winslow, assistant director for reasearch. Acknowl- edgments for valuable suggestions are hereby made to T. B. Kidner, vocational secretary of the Canadian Military Hospitals Commission; Royal Meeker, Commission of Labor Statistics; and R. M. Little, chairman of the United States Employees Compensation Commis- sion. C. A. PROSSER, Director. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION AND PLACEMENT OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. PART I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES. Soon the United States will be facing the many problems involved in the rehabilitation, reeducation, and placement of soldiers and sailors disabled in the war. The first question is the size of the task in terms of numbers of handicapped men to be dealt with. THE PROBLEM. Any estimate of the number that will be returned disabled or that will require vocational reeducation must necessarily be based upon certain assumptions regarding the duration of the war, the number of men maintained at the front, and the proportion of casualties. These assumptions must be based upon the experience of the bellige- rents during the last three years. There are at present approximately 13,000,000 wounded and crippled soldiers in the belligerent countries of Europe, including 3,000,000 cases of amputation. In Germany alone, it is reported, 500,000 men are under treatment in the hospitals, the number of leg amputations during 1916 being 16,000. During the next few months the return of wounded, crippled, and invalided men from the over-seas forces of the United States will begin, and will continue thereafter for an indefinite period until the return of the over-seas forces after the termination ot the war. Without taking account of more remote contingencies, it seems not improbable, as statistics given in Part III show, that 100,000 dis- abled men will be returned during the first year of fighting and that at least 20,000 of these men will require total or partial vocational reeducation in order to overcome handicaps incurred in service. A second year of fighting may add 40,000, a third 60,000 to the number requiring such reeducation, making a total for three years of lighting of 120,000. This assumes 1,000,000 men overseas the first year, and an increase of 1,000,000 men overseas in each suc- ceeding year. The figures given above may underestimate the development of the overseas forces, as well as the proportion of casualties in the closing stages of the war, when offensive strategy and tactics and fighting in the open to break through the German lines may succeed the trench warfare of the past two years. 11 12 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. THE NEED FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FOR DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Every one of the leading European countries engaged in the great war has already made provision for the vocational reeducation and placement of disabled soldiers and sailors. The consideration which moved England, Canada, France, Italy, Germany, and Austria to undertake this work is one which will appeal with even greater force to the people of this country. Such training is required: 1. To insure economic independence. Vocational reeducation will reestablish the disabled soldier or sailor as an independent, self- respecting economic unit. Any other policy will inevitably induce economic dependency with its inherent moral and social evils. For these men and for the community also, moral and social as well as economic well-being, is in a large measure, at stake. It is to be noted that the age of the conscripted army (21 to 31 years) is such that the men are young enough to be susceptible to training, and that the benefits of such training will accrue during a period equivalent to the normal expectation of life for men in early manhood. Recognizing the value of vocational training some of the men were taking such training when drafted. This interrupted training should be resumed. 2. To avoid vocational degeneration. Experience has demonstrated that disabled men while under hospital treatment naturally tend in many instances to fall into a state of chronic dependence, characterized by loss of ambition. The difficulty of lifting them out of this well- recognized phase increases rapidly during the period immediately following convalescence. Initiation of vocational training at the earliest possible moment and persistent, systematic development of this training after convalescence will avoid this danger of vocational degeneration. Once the men have fallen into this state of chronic dependence or have drifted back into industry without training, they can not be industrially recovered. 3. To prevent exploitation. Without the protection of vocational reeducation, together with systematic reestablishment in wage-earn- ing employment, the handicapped man will drift about in indus- try, an unskilled laborer and a subject for exploitation by the unscrupulous. 4. To conserve trade skill. The policy of vocational rehabilitation is one of conservation. Disabled men skilled in specific trades will be, so far as possible, reestablished in those trades by vocational reeducation. Without such training acquired trade experience will in many cases be lost, and the ranks of skilled labor will be to that extent depleted. Incidentally, the drifting of handicapped men in any considerable number into unskilled employments will occasion demoralization and impair wage standards. 5. To insure national rehabilitation. The European countries have found the conservation of trade skill and experience to be a factor of vital importance in national rehabilitation. In these countries the conduct of industries, commerce, and agriculture, even during the prog- ress of the war, has become largely dependent upon the reestablish- ment in civil employment of men disabled for further military service. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 13 It should be borne in mind that the disabled men are, in many cases, specially trained and skilled. If allowed, through lack of such reeducation as they require, to sink into the ranks of the unskilled, their places in the Nation's scheme of economic productivity can not be filled. No supply of skilled men is now, or will be after the war, available from other countries, since every country at war is experiencing and will continue to experience in the years following the war a great scarcity of skilled labor. Vocational reeducation of men disabled for military service is, therefore, a means not only of conserving trade skill, but of conserv- ing it in a time of national emergency and of preventing in some degree the scarcity of skilled labor that is certain to develop as the war progresses. The nation which does not conserve the vocational skill of its trained workers will to that extent weaken its recuperative and competitive power and to that extent will consequently fail to achieve the immediate national rehabilitation of its industrial, commercial, and agricultural power. 6. To adjust supply of labor to demand. The return to civil employ- ment of larcje numbers of men under the abnormal conditions of the period of demobilization will occasion far-reaching economic dis- turbance and maladjustment of labor supply to demand, unless that return is made under some comprehensive scheme of administration. Vocational reeducation will provide one means of so directing the return of men into civil employments as to occasion the least possible disturbance, and will go far to avoid impairment of established standards of living. 7. To develop new vocational efficiency. In individual cases, undoubtedly, new vocational capacities will be developed in handi- capped men by systematic vocational reeducation. In many cases the selection of wage-earning employments has been originally accidental, and without due regard to natural aptitude. Vocational rehabilitation, by training for new employments for which the men have natural aptitude, may develop entirely new vocational capaci- ties, making the men even more efficient producers than they were before. Vocational training has established its claim as a means of produc- ing and increasing economic efficiency, and in the Smith-Hughes Act, among others, Congress has indorsed this sort of training by appropriating Federal money to its support in the public schools. Such training can not consistently be denied to the disabled soldier and sailor whose need is special and peculiar on account of his handicap incurred in the public service while extending it to all other workers having no special claim to Government lavor. All workers may have their productive efficiency increased by vocational training, but in the case of the disabled soldier or sailor the need of such training is imperative and the obligation to give it is clear. COST OF VOCATIONAL REEDUCATION. The immediate expenditure involved in vocational training for disabled men will not be materially greater than that which would be involved in providing financial support without vocational training. Under any scheme the disabled men must be provided for during disability. In its initial stages vocational rehabilitation has a 14 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. recognized therapeutic value, tending to hasten convalescence. Established hospital practice as well as experience in England, France, Canada, and other belligerent countries has demonstrated this to be the fact. Convalescent hospitals must be in any event provided and equipped, and the additional expenditure required for vocational rehabilitation after convalescence will not materially increase the immediate burden of the war. Vocational rehabilitation can not, in fact, be regarded as costing the community, except temporarily, anything whatever. The dis- ability of the soldier or sailor is an. economic handicap reducing pro- ductive power. Unless the men are vocationally reestablished, and to the extent that they are not completely reestablished, the economic loss to the community will be cumulative during a long period of years. Even a slight increase in vocational capacity, as a result of vocational training initiated during the period of convalescence and continued for a few weeks or months after convalescence, will result in an economic gain which, also, will be cumulative over a long period. This aggregate cumulative gain will certainly exceed any expenditures required for vocational rehabilitation. If the only alternative policy to that of vocational rehabilitation be adopted, namely, the policy of providing financial support without vocational training, there is reason to believe, judging from the experience of previous wars in the United States, that the financial burden upon the community will not be materially diminished for many years. The expenditure for vocational rehabilitation is necessarily con- tinued over only a very brief period. Within a few montns the disabled man will have been given all the special training that can advantageously be given to him. The current expenditure for vocational rehabilitation will therefore dimmish rapidly during the months immediately following the war, and will largely terminate within one or two years. The cost of maintaining the disabled man and his dependents as wards for their natural lifetime would certainly far exceed that of vocational rehabilitation. PREPARATION FOR VICTIMS OF INDUSTRY AFTER THE WAR. One of the most important arguments for undertaking the voca- tional rehabilitation 01 disabled soldiers and sailors is that all the experience and all the special equipment required for emergency war work will be needed to provide for similar work in. the vocational rehabilitation of men disabled in factories and* workshops, of the victims of accident in all dangerous employments, and of the thou- sands of otherwise injured and crippled persons thrown upon the community each year. The number of such persons in normal times greatly exceeds trie capacity thus far developed for their vocational rehabilitation, and it is certain that the experience gained in the war emergency, together with the special equipment and capital expendi- ture, can be utilized in industry after the war emergency is passed. SPECIFIC SERVICES TO BE RENDERED. The problem of vocational rehabilitation would seem to include the following services: (1) Registration of each man returned, including a description of his disability, or any condition which may VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 15 prevent him from earning full livelihood, and an estimate of the degree of his vocational incapacity, in his former occupation, if ho can return to it,, or, if not, in some other occupation; (2) provision for occupational exercises in hospital workshops during the period of convalescence; (3) provision for vocational reeducation of convales- cents in cases requiring such training; (4) placement in a wage- earning occupation of men vocationally fit or rehabilitated ; and (5) continuous registration and follow-up work, including maintenance of special wage agreements where enicieiicy has been reduced, and handicaps determined. IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED. Efficient accomplishment of this program demands immediate action. Some of the preliminary steps that should be taken at once are: (1) Adequate provision for the financial support of a program of vocational reeducation for these men; (2) organization of agencies to secure from the start proper administrative control, flexibility, and cooperation; (3) survey of experience and achievement in this work hi foreign countries; (4) survey and analysis of occupations and industrial processes with a view to classification in terms of handicaps; (5) survey of industrial establishments and other agencies of employment; (6) development of courses of instruction in different occupations for type handicaps; (7) training of teachers; (8) pro- vision of suitable equipment; (9) devising of new methods of train- ing; (10) adaptation of tools and of machine attachments for use by the handicapped; (11) development of an organization for placing trained men in wage-earning employments under fair conditions; (12) development of a scheme of registration and follow-up work, with reference to men placed. The steps taken by Canada, as described in a recent report of the Canadian Military Hospitals Commission, furnishes an illuminating illustration of the kind and magnitude of the difficulties involved. (See Part II, pp. 31 to 64.) PUBLIC SUPPORT. Whatever private resources may be made available for vocational rehabilitation, the obligation is clearly upon the public to provide amply for this work. Every European nation has already recog- nized and has written this obligation into legislation. Some of the reasons follow ; 1. The public, through the National Government, called these men into military service where they incurred injuries. The public is, therefore, under obligation to bring them back to civil life rehabili- tated as far as possible, not only in body but in capacity to resume normal economic life. 2. Every sacrifice and loss sustained to save the institutions of the country imposes an obligation on the Nation which can be only partially oLischarged by providing vocational reeducation to the fullest possible extent. 3. Through the enactment by Congress of the war-risk insurance bill, as well as through the physical care of wounded soldiers by the hospital service of the Army and Navy, the National Government 16 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. clearly recognizes a responsibility to those wounded in its military service. The policy of supporting rehabilitation from public funds is consistent with these already established policies.. 4. The disabled soldier and sailor of the present war has, by the legislation already enacted by Congress, been made a ward of the Nation, and the obligation to give him vocational training is cer- tainly as great as in the case of other national wards, such as the Indian. 5. Through the Smith-Hughes Act, the Government has already recognized its obligation to give vocational training to the civilian youth of the country. Its obligation to give such training to the disabled soldier or sailor is much greater. 6. In the end the cost of the work, whether carried on by the public or by private funds, will be borne by the people. The burden is a democratic right, and it may safely be assumed that the people will demand as a privilege the opportunity directly to discharge their fundamental obligation. It may be urged, however, (a) that large private foundations are or will be available for carrying on the vocational rehabilitation of disabled soldiers or sailors, that they will prove to be adequate, and that they should be fully utilized; (?>) that if developed with private resources, an opportunity will be afforded for volunteer ser- vice and support, which otherwise would not be utilized; (c) that private agencies, being highly differentiated, can meet the diverse needs of individual cases more completely than can Government agencies; and (d) that by utilizing private resources the burden of taxation upon the community will be lessened. Against the policy of devolving the work upon private resources the following contentions may be presented for consideration: 1. Private support would unavoidably stigmatize as charity the work of rehabilitating the disabled soldiers and sailors, a work obviously in no sense a charity, but clearly the partial discharge of an obligation resting upon the whole community. 2. The work of rehabilitation should not be regarded as voluntary, but should be accepted as obligatory upon the community, a ser- vice to be provided lor out of taxation, forcing the unwilling, if there be any such, as well as the willing, to contribute. 3. Private agencies may prove inadequate and fail. No assur- ance whatever can be obtained in advance that they will prove to be adequate and successful. 4. Private resources almost certainly will not be available in dif- ferent sections of the country in proportion to the local needs for rehabilitation. The disabled soldier or sailor should be returned as nearly as possible to his home community, and vocationally reestablished in that community. For any local inadequacy there would be no certain remedy in voluntarily contributed private resources. 5. Private philanthropy has no certain and continuous sources from which to derive funds. Neither has it any certain resources capable of responding adequately to meet the needs of a sudden emer- gency, such as may develop in the course of the war. 6. The history of such institutions as asylums for the deaf, the dumb, the blind, the crippled and deformed, show a general tendency to pass from private to public support. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 17 7. Private support carries with it always some measure of private control, and such control may ultimately prove pernicious. It is fully recognized, of course, that a large neld is open for the voluntary cooperation of private with public agencies in providing for the welfare of disabled soldiers and sailors. Private resources can render service in making studies, in conducting experiments, and in preparing teachers. The faculties of endowed institutions may un- dertake to give training, under direction of the National Government, and such training may be in part paid for by the National Govern- ment. The services which may be assumed by private agencies are indicated in the account of the activities of such agencies in foreign countries. (See Part II.) PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE CONTROL AND ADMINISTRATION. The following arguments have been advanced in support of private control and administration. It is urged 1. That private control would be free from the embarrassment of legislative definition of powers and functions, and free to adjust itself to needs as they develop, without waiting for enabling acts. 2. That private agencies could command the services of experts not available for public employment. 3. That private control is necessary to enlist private support, which will not be forthcoming if the enterprise be retained under exclusive public administration. 4. That private control will insure the cooperation of diverse agencies already in existence. The principal arguments advanced in support of public control and administration are the following: (1) The Federal Government has control of the disabled soldiers as they return from the war, and is, therefore, under the immediate necessity of providing for them. (2) Experience has shown that disabled soldiers for the period of their rehabilitation should be returned, as far as possible, to their own communities. This geographical distribution can be most easily effected by the Federal Government. (3) If it be assumed that military control is necessary (see section below) during the whole or any portion of the period of rehabilita- tion, the National Government alone can exercise such control. (4) Since the question of public versus private control is inti- mately bound up with the question of public versus private support, any decision of Congress to support vocational rehabilitation with puolic funds implies public control of the work. (5) It is inconceivable that any other than the Federal Govern- ment could undertake the work of training and supplying teachers to meet this necessity with the promptness which the emergency requires, and on a scale sufficiently comprehensive. (6) The Nation al Government is in a position to utilize agencies and equipment which private control can not command. Among these may be mentioned the land-grant colleges already cooperating with the National Government in the training of farmers, and forts, can- tonments, and extensive open places already belonging to the National Government, readily convertible into sites for the training of large numbers of men. The National Government could not turn these resources over to the administration of private philanthropy. 42297 S. Doc. 166, 65-2 2 18 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. (7) As regards placement, no agency other than the Federal Gov- ernment can command the cooperation of every class in the fields of commerce, industry, and agriculture, including both employer and employee. (8) Private control, or private support on any large scale for this work, involves an idea repugnant to the American mind namely, that these soldiers are to be wards of charity rather than the recipi- ents of their just dues from the Government. (9) The Government, by every consideration of justice is bound to contribute to this work, and since it can not turn over its funds to private administration, it must assume control, at least in propor- tion to its financial support. (10) Private control necessarily means private support, and since private support may prove inadequate and fail, private control is not feasible. (11) As a direct result of national control of the work of rehabili- tating crippled soldiers and sailors, experience of great value to the Government in connection with similar work for the victims of industry will be gained. MILITARY DISCIPLINE. Wounded soldiers, being in an abnormal condition psychologically and physically, dp not in every case realize the necessity for under- going the immediate sacrifice involved in vocational training, and must therefore, for their own best interests, be induced to follow it. The maintenance of military discipline in the initial stages of this training would be one method of bringing needed pressure to bear. Release from such discipline should, however, in general be given at the earliest moment when it appears on special consideration of individual cases, that its further continuation is not essential to com- plete rehabilitation in civil employment. At the same time it is to be borne in mind that the sudden release of men accustomed to military discipline from such control, might impose burdens of responsibility upon them at precisely that time when they would be unfit to bear them. If the best interests of the community demand, for reasons noted, the Government will direct, guide, and control the work of rehabili- tation for a considerable period, at least. Without such control it would be difficult for the Government to act effectively, as a sort of switchboard connecting the men with industrial life, having pur- view of all vocational opportunities throughout the country, and directing rehabilitated men into those employments for which there is the greatest need. It is recognized that a large majority of these men have been drafted for the period of the war and that at the termination of the war they will, unless additional legislation is enacted, be free to leave the Army. For handicapped men who do so leave the Army it is clear that some provision for systematic vocational training by the Government must be made, and that vocational training at the expense of the Federal Government necessarily implies control dur- ing the period of such training. Over crippled and disabled men, returned before the close of the war, the Government will still exercise control. These men, VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 19 at least, should be continued under Government control during phys- ical rehabilitation. If they are not so retained the Government will be in the position of releasing upon the community handicapped men drafted for the period of the war without providing for their rehabilitation and readjustment to civil life. As regards extension of military discipline the correct procedure would appear to be release from such discipline upon completion of convalescence and continuation ^ of training under civil discipline. But this question is one of administrative policy rather than of legis- lation ana may safely be left for determination by such executive board or authority as may be instituted to carry on the work. The duration of the vocational courses will doubtless be short, varying from a few weeks or months to one or two years. Much of this" training might well be on a part-time basis, the rnan being employed in an approved factory or shop and attending school under the continuation plan. The point at which Government control should be discontinued must be determined individually and on the general principle that for the control ends when the in dividual has been restored as y as possible to normal physical, mental, and vocational indepen- dence, and when provision has been made for his securing and holding a position. If not completely rehabilitated, adequate provision should be made for his further vocational training by some private enterprise. NATIONAL VERSUS STATE ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL. Leaving for separate consideration the development of the under- lying principles of cooperation between the Federal Government and the States, the broad question of National versus State administra- tion and control may be briefly presented. To this general question the following considerations seem pertinent. 1. While these men have been drafted from the States in pro- portion to population, there is no reason to expect that they will be disabled in the same proportions. The burden for caring for these men should not be apportioned by the accidental incidence of war casualties, but should be assumed as a national burden and equitably distributed to the States through the National Government. Ob- viously those States which experience a relatively light burden of casualties should not be relieved of their fair share of taxation for the work of rehabilitation. 2. These men having been crippled in the national service, it be- comes the duty of the National Government to supervise their voca- tional, just as it assumes the task of their physical, rehabilitation. 3. State control implies State responsibility for the rehabilitation of soldiers, and the National Government can not in the case of the States, any more than in the case of private agencies, divest itself of its definite responsibilities. 4. The Smith-Hughes and other acts furnish precedent for tne Federal Government to contribute money and to fix standards for a national system of vocational education. It should be noted, how- ever, that tlie scheme of apportionment of Federal money under the Smith-Hughes Act would not be equitable in the case of wounded soldiers for the reason that such wounded men will not be in propor- tion to the population of the States. 20 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 5. In the adjustment of rehabilitated men to industry it may develop that citizens of one State may be most advantageously placed in some^ other State. This redistribution can best be carried on by the National Government. 6. Experience shows that the obstacles in the way of getting uni- form and adequate legislation from the 48 States severally are almost insuperable and are always sufficient to occasion great delays. Should vocational rehabilitation be put under State control, it is highly improbable that all of the States would provide for such control within a period of two to three years. Therefore, the period essential for rehabilitation, the period of convalescence, and that immediately following would have lapsed before adequate provision had been made. 7. The National Government has larger resources than any State government, and with regard to the particular resources needed for vocational rehabilitation it is already in position to cooperate with a vast number of agencies throughout the country. 8. Institutions of special character will be required for dealing with specific classes, and it might not be possible for a State having a com- paratively small number of handicapped men to provide the special institutions necessary for their most advantageous training. The State with a small number of handicapped could not provide for these men special institutions and specially trained teachers for voca- tionally reeducating the blind, the one-legged, the one-armed, the men seeking rehabilitation in clerical pursuits, in agriculture, and in each of the separate trades. Among the resources of the Federal Government which might be utilized for this work are the land-grant colleges, army posts, forts, and cantonments. 9. While there is no exact parallel in European Governments for the relationship existing between our National Government and the several States, nevertheless European experience in the present war indicates that this work of rehabilitation must be under national control, even when the work is done in cooperation with local govern- ments, municipal or provincial, or with private agencies. 10. The pension acts and the war-risk insurance act furnish prece- dent for the Federal as against State control. COOPERATION WITH THE STATES. The question of cooperation between the National Government and the States does not involve the question of the cost of the work in so far as that cost is to be provided out of public funds, with the exception, however, that the centralized administration would naturally be expected to be cheaper than an administration, divided among the several States. Whether the money is contributed in whole or in part by the State governments or by the National Gov- ernment, it must be derived from taxation, and the amount raised will be determined by the work to be done and not by fiscal agents. It is proposed that a census of institutions should immediately be undertaken by the Federal Board for Vocational Education, and that this census secure information concerning the number of insti- tutions and the attitude of the State officials. The National Govern- ment is already taking an occupational census of the drafted men, and will be in possession of vocational information concerning them. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 21 The numbers of those trained in the different vocations will therefore be known in advance of the return of the men. Inasmuch as under the Smith-Hughes Act the States are rapidly developing vocational schools, it would seem wise economy to expand and adapt these schools in order to meet the new necessity as well as to create new schools specifically designed for the emergency and under direct national control. It is suggested that since to accomplish this it may be necessary for the States to modify and enlarge their vocational education facilities, the Smith-Hughes Act should be amended at the earliest moment to that end, in order that it may effect that end. COOPERATION WITH PRIVATE AGENCIES. The basis of cooperation with private agencies should be similar to that of cooperation with the States; namely, financial contribution or the extension of the resources available in private institutions for the effective carrying on of the work. Cooperation with private agencies must always carry with it national control, and no cooperation involving the surrender of national supervision should be contemplated. Such control does not necessarily involve supervisory functions over the private institu- tion, except as is necessarily involved in the control of the men de- tailed to such institutions during vocational rehabilitation. ^ The private agencies should be regarded as volunteers, and the Federal Government, whatever services it may accept, should not impose anything upon them. The national scheme should be suf- ficiently elastic to accept volunteer services whenever the national agency may determine that such services will be of value. FINANCING THE WORK OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION. Expenditures made specifically for vocational reeducation may for the most part be covered under the following general heads: 1. Cost of vocational workshops and equipment. 2. Salaries of vocational teachers, supervisors, and directors. 3. Support of the men and of their dependents during the period of their vocational training. As a basis for immediate action some assumption must be made regarding the proportion of men requiring vocational training to the total number of men returned from overseas unfit for further mili- tary service. Such an assumption has been developed in estimating the number of men to be reeducated. (See Part III. The size of the problem.) This proportion once determined may be taken as a constant factor, subject to revision in the light of actual developments. The uncertainty attaching to any estimate of the expenditures involved suggests the need of great flexibility in the development of the work. Some general fund should be made available under proper safeguards, to be drawn upon in such amounts as are required from time to time. This fund mi^ht be placed in the custody of the President or of some board created by Congress. In preparing a budget of expenditure^ for vocational reeducation as a whole, a survey should be made of the equipment and service provided for vocational reeducation work in other belligerent coun- tries. An effort should be made to determine so far as possible what 22 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. specific lines of vocational training should be provided for in advance; what methods should be adopted in procuring and training vocational experts as teachers; and what expenditures are required to provide suitable workshops and equipment. Such a survey should be begun immediately. Prior to making such a survey, however, general principles of policy can be presented, and these general principles provide a clear basis for legislative action by Congress involving appropriation of Federal money to the support of vocational reeducation, and cooperation with such public agencies as States and municipalities, and with semipublic and private agencies. APPROPRIATION BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. (a) Provision for preliminary survey work. Some provision must be made by Congress if funds are not available for this purpose under existing legislation, to cover the preliminary survey work, and the general organization and administration. This amount will not necessarily be very considerable, but should be entirely adequate, since undue economy in this preliminary work may mean ultimate waste of public money. (b) Provision for me conduct of vocational reeducation work* This appropriation, as has been indicated above, should create a fund sufficiently large to cover all possible eventualities of the war, and should make this fund available for expenditure as occasion for ex- penditure develops . (c) Provision for support of men and their dependents during tlie period of reeducation. For vocational training, in so far as it is con- ducted under discipline a simple provision would be continuation of military service pay, together with support of dependents during the period of training. Under this provision the men should be reenlisted in the service until completion of their vocational reeducation. This reenlistment need not involve extension of military discipline through- out the period of vocational training, but would insure the exercise of adequate control and discipline, civil or military, over the men. APPROPRIATION BY THE STATES. While the Federal Government can not fairly impose upon the several States the burden of providing vocational reeducation for the disabled soldiers and sailors who were drafted from that State, it is not improbable that some of the States will voluntarily under- take to assume a share of responsibility in this work. Under these conditions the question arises as to how far the work may be paid for under joint Federal and State funds. The general principle must be maintained that adequate provision must be made Tor the training of every man disabled in the military service requiring vocational reeducation. A consistent policy would seem to involve a clear definition of responsibility, as between the States and the Federal Government, the field of the Federal Government being defined to embrace com- plete vocational reeducation and reestablishment of the men in civil employment. If in performing this service State services are accepted it would seem only equitable that the States rendering such service should be completely reimbursed for any expenditures made by them. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIEHS AND bAILOKS. 23 will not exclude the States from cooperation with, tlie ial Government, but will, on the contrary, open wide the door to such cooperation. This policy, further, by relieving the States of a specific financial burden, will leave them free to undertake other services in behalf of ret urned soldiers which can not be undertaken by the Federal Gov- ernment, and it will insure an equitable distribution of the burden upon all the States. APPROPRIATION BY MUNICIPALITIES. In general the principles involved in cooperation between the Federal Government and the States are pertinent to cooperation with municipalities. Municipalities cooperating in this work with the Federal Govern- ment should be entirely reimbursed by the Federal Government for any expenditures made specifically on account of the vocational reeducation of returned soldiers and sailors, and should thus be left free to undertake such other services in behalf of these men as they may elect to do. CONTRIBUTIONS BY PRIVATE AND SEMIPUBLIC AGENCIES. As regards private and semipublic agencies, such as the Red Cross, private foundations, individuals, corporations, trade-unions, fraternal organizations, farmers' unions and granges, hospitals, and schools, as in the case of States and municipalities, the general principle applies that the Federal Government can not in single cases divest itself of a responsibility which it recognizes in general as its own. It can not consistently be placed in the position of abandoning some men requiring vocational training to the financial support of private or semiprivate agencies, while providing Federal support in full for other cases. In fulfilling its obligation to the disabled soldiers and sailors, however, the Federal Government is bound to accept every helpful cooperative service proffered by private agencies. It may be an- ticipated that cooperation on the part of private agencies will not consist chiefly, if in any degree, in rendering financial support. It might, indeed, be argued with considerable plausibility that only one consideration could justify acceptance of financial aid from private sources by the Federal Government, namely, that the Fed- eral Government might be financially incapable of undertaking the whole support of the work under Federal appropriations. Such a presumption certainly will not be permitted by the American people. Opportunity for service to returned soldiers and sailors is by no means restricted to vocational reeducation. This service is, in fact, a special one to be rendered to a comparatively few men. The whole field of social rehabilitation and readjustment of the disabled men returned, and, at the termination of the war, of the entire body of demobilized men returning home, is open to private and semi- public agencies, and it may safely be assumed that the needs, other than those for vocational reeducation, will be sufficient to absorb all available resources. Foreign practice is not entirely consistent with this principle, but the present practice in the belligerent countries has been determined 24 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILOBS. under conditions of great emergency which have made difficult, if not impossible, the consistent development of any policy. It may be no ted, further, that traditionally the practice of certain foreign countries is quite different from our own as regards cooperation between public and private agencies. In considering this cooperation the specific character of the several agencies established and the social policies under which they operate must be carefully taken into account. NEED FOR TRAINING TEACHERS FOR REHABILITATION. 1 The experience of the United States will probably correspond more closely to that of Canada than to that of the other belligerent countries. Recent Canadian figures show that 10 per cent of the men sent overseas had been returned physically unfit for further military serv- ice, and that of these 30 per cent were in the hospital at the time of the report. The majority of these patients are convalescing, since men are not returned until their physical condition permits. On the basis of Canadian and of European experience, it would appear that the United States may fairly anticipate that per 1,000,000 men overseas 100,000 will be returned each year unfit for military service, and that the number of patients constantly in the hospitals will be from 30,000 to 50,000. The value of occupational therapy in the convalescence of disabled soldiers has been demonstrated by the experience of foreign countries beyond any possible point of debate. The problem for this country- is not whether the men shall be given occupational therapy and treated along the most progressive lines of medicine; it is rather the problem of ascertaining how best medical treatment and occu- pational therapy may contribute toward the ultimate goal of industrial rehabilitation. The experience of foreign countries in rehabilitation emphasizes the necessity of the recognition of three fundamental principles first, the vaue of practical occupation ; second, the importance of trained teachers, and third, the urgency of immediate occupation in convalescence. It is found that the men respond far better to work of a practical type in the curative workshops than to any of the trivial or time- p*assing occupations. The positive danger of the latter has been demonstrated in cases where the men have actually been turned away from productive occupations by following one of the " semi- trades" which are dependent upon charity or upon uncertain and fickle markets for support. In Germany there is no waste of time on useless occupations. "To employ the invalid for any length of time on trivial work does not seem suitable. It is much better to employ him at gainful work as soon as possible and to arouse in him consciousness that he is still able to perform efficient w T ork." 2 It is claimed that Germany uses 85 to 90 per cent of her wounded back of the lines, and that only a small proportion of the remainder are not completely self-supporting. While the work is intended primarily to be curative lor mind and body, experience has shown that many men who have acquired 1 An exhaustive study of the problem of rehabilitation has been prepared by the Federal Board for Vocational Education and will appear in Bulletin No. 6. 2 Dr. Tjoden in a lecture given in Bremen. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 25 in the convalescent shops mechanical skill, ability to interpret blue prints, a knowledge of shop arithmetic and mechanical drawing, have actually increased their commercial value in life. In fact, European military hospitals have commenced serious vocational training in the hospital workshops. In this period vocational training is given to the men as therapeutic discipline and should be related as far as possible to their future occupation. Occupational therapy can only be intrusted to those particularly trained for it. Work is prescribed for the patients by the doctors just as other prescriptions are given. In order to avoid harmful consequences, the work prescription should be carried out only by one trained to follow directions intelligently, able to understand and correct mental attitudes, trained to note fatigue, and compe- tent to exercise certain muscles and joints. " French experience has established very clearly that the selection of the right type of teacher is vital to the success of any scheme of training * * *. The ideal instructor must know his men as well as his trade. He must study their peculiarities and be able to vary his methods so as to get the best out of each man. The best possible men must be secured without regard to cost, and those wlio fail to develop the requisite qualities must be vigorously weeded out." * The mental attitude of the disabled soldier is such that if a delay occurs before he is given an occupation he frequently becomes "institutionalized" and unable to adapt himself to the idea of pro- ductive work. Experience has amply proved that the ease with which men become adjusted and employable is in direct ratio to the promptness with which reeducation is begun. "The question is desperately urgent. Habits of idleness are not easily shaken off, and if once these men are allowed to sink into despondency and apathy they will soon degenerate into chronic unemployables. * * * Delay means wasted lives." 1 French figures show that only 5 per cent of the men took up training if it was delayed until after hospital discharge, whereas 80 per cent con- tinued training if begun in the hospitals. The necessity of providing teachers of occupational therapy is imperative. Canada provides four teachers for every hundred convalescing patients, and anticipates increasing the number of teachers per hundred patients. On an estimate of four teachers for every hundred men this country will have to provide 1, 200 trained occupational thera- peutists for every million men overseas. There is at present a very limited number of competent occupational therapeutists, and far from adequate courses of training, equipment, and hospital facilities exist for training more. In order to meet this emergency, the Federal Board for Vocational Education has made a special study of the problem of training teachers for the curative workshop, taking into consideration the cooperation which must exist between the medical authorities and the vocational officer in directing the patient from the earliest mo- ment toward an occupation in which his handicap may be reduced to the minimum and his facility developed to the maximum. This study is based upon the probable numbers of teachers required, 1 L. G. Brock, American Journal of Care for Cripples, vol. 4, no. 1. 28 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIEES AND SAILORS. special problems encountered in dealing with war invalids, necessary background to carry out the physician's instructions intelligently, and qualifications of instructors and courses of teacher training. Upon, discharge from the hospital, 80 per cent of the men, accord- ing to Canadian figures, are able to return to their former occupa- tions. Ten per cent need corcmlete vocational reeducation and 10 per cent partial vocational reeducation. ^The difficult problem of securing teachers for vocational education is only equaled by the scarcity 01 occupational therapeutists. In addition to the requirements of the regular vocational instruc- tor, the instructor of the disabled soldier must know those points of difference between his soldier pupils and the normal pupils to whom he is accustomed. The shop instructor, even more than the instruc- tor of related or academic subjects, must be highly skilled in his trade for the reason that many of the men will have had experience in that trade, and unlike the raw youth in vocational classes, they will be critical, and unwilling to learn from one not markedly their superior. As a rule the boys of vocational education age are eager, quick, and teachable, whereas many of the returned soldiers, though young enough to have receptive minds, are of maturer age. The fact that they have been returned unfit for further military service indicates that in some way, either by lessened vitality or permanent handicap, they are below par. Moreover, the experience of war has been a mentally paralyzing experience, and the instructor must be patient and must understand his pupil. In addition to intelligent sympathy, the instructor must maintain regularity and meet the requirements of the vocational school, for vocational education leads directly to employ ability. The patients do not enter the voca- tional classes until the medical authorities have discharged them or else state that their physical condition will permit a regular course of study. The best vocational instructors must be selected for training the disabled patients, not only because they require the best possible instruction, but because the problem of teaching them is particularly difficult and important. NEED FOE EARLY ENACTMENT OF LEGISLATION. The rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and sailors is a task so important, so large, so complicated, and, therefore, so difficult, that Congress should, at the earliest possible moment, provide by legisla- tion a clear and definite plan for the organization, administration, and support of the work. Although the United States has been at war more than hah a year, no specific appropriation has yet been made by Congress for establish- ing and operating vocational training for men handicapped by war. Indeed, no such appropriation has been made even for the proper study and investigation of the many problems involved. It is true that section 304 of the war-risk insurance bill (Public, No. 9, Sixty-fifth Congress H. R. 5723), which became a law October 6, 1917, apparently places the work of rehabilitation, reedu- cation, and vocational trainingfor disabled men in the hands of the Director of the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance, who, under the Treasury Department, has the duty and responsibility of administer- ing the entire act. VOCATIONAL JREilABlLli AT10N OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 27 follows: Tluit in cases of dismemberineiit, of injuries to sight or hearing, and of other injuries commonly causing permanent disability, the injured person shall follow si.' ii course or courses of rehabilitation, reeducation, and vocational training us 11; may provide or procure to be provided. Should such course prevent the injured person from following substantially gainful occupation while taking same, a Win. of enlistment may be required which shall bring the injured, person into the military or naval service. Such enlistment shall entitle the person to full pay as dun: n>nth of his active service, and his family allowances and allotment as herein- before provided, in lieu of all other compensation for the time being. In case of his willful failure properly to follow such course or so to enlist, payment of compensation shall be suspended until such willful failure ceases and no compensa- tion shall be payable for the intervening period. For reasons discussed below this section has remained inoperative. Indeed, the section is more a promise of what should be done than a workable program for the vocational rehabilitation and the return to civil employment of disabled soldiers aiid sailors. Section 304 of the war-risk insurance act makes no appropriation to meet the expense of carrying on the course or courses for tho rehabilitation and vocational training promised by that section. All the appropriations are for insurance, compensation, allowances, funeral expenses, and similar items; none are for rehabilitation, re- education, and training. Without additional legislation Congress is placed in the position of having made a promise to enlisted men without providing a dollar to carry it out. Outside of a small part of the $100,000 appropriated for the administration of the war-risk insurance which might possibly be used for section 304 (though in what way is not clear), the section is meaningless for want of funds. This has doubtless caused a delay when every consideration demands immediate planning for action. Otherwise this great national duty and exigency will be left to private philan- thropy and control, a procedure which has met with signal failure among the allies. Section 304 is buried in an act, every one of whose other important sections deals with war-risk insurance. Admittedly it was inserted as a promise by Congress that the rehabilitation, reeducation, and vocational training of injured soldiers and sailors would be more dclinitely provided for at the ensuing session. Naturally, under these circumstances, this very difficult and highly specialized work is committed, under the general terms of the act to an organization and administration, which, while admirably adapted for war-risk insurance for which it was primarily intended is inadequate, so far as section 304 is concerned, for the proper care, education, and place- ment in industry of injured men. Furthermore, very grave uncertainty exists from the legal stand- point as to duties, powers, and relationships between the Treasury and the War and Navy Departments in dealing with this problem of vocational rehabilitation. On the one hand, the War-Risk Insurance Bureau of the Treasury Department is charged with the duty of administering the compensation and annuities for disabled men, a task which involves, of course, dealing with them almost from the time they receive their injuries. On the other hand, the Surgeon 28 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Generals' offices of the War and of the Navy Departments have tra- ditionally dealt with the surgery, the medical care, and the functional rehabilitation of injured men. While funds in the hands of the Secretary of War under liberal appropriations made by Congress have been appropriated for the hospital and medical care of wounded men, the use of these funds for vocational reeducation has not been specifically granted. There- fore, if these funds are so used it must be under the broad assumption either that vocational rehabilitation is a part of functional rehabilita- tion or that the wounded man is still enlisted and that this training is a part of his discipline as an enlisted man. There seems to have been no agreement up to this time at least between the Treasury Department, the War Department, and the Navy Department as to their respective authority and responsibility under existing legisla- tion or as to how they can effectively cooperate. Under these cir- cumstances, every consideration requires the early enactment of legislation designed to relieve present uncertainty and to provide ample funds for entering with certainty and speed upon the study, planning, and execution of a comprehensive scheme for the care, rehabilitation, and reemployment of the victims of this war. CONFERENCE TO FORMULATE A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF REHABILITATION. Because of the widespread interest and the uncertainty as to the final program which Congress will establish, different departments and branches of the Government, as well as private organizations, have been studying the problem and making tentative plans to meet it. To prevent confusion and the development of many separate and duplicating efforts the Surgeon General of the Army, at the suggestion of the Secretary of War, recently called together in con- ference representatives from the Departments of the Treasury, War, Navy, Interior, and Labor, the Federal Board for Vocational Edu- cation, the Public Health Service, the United States Employees 7 Compensation Commission, the Council of National Defense, the National Chamber of Commerce, the division for civilian relief of the Red Cross, the National Manufacturers' Association, and the American Federation of Labor to give full consideration to the problem and to formulate a definite and comprehensive plan which would provide a continuous process for the physical and mental restoration of disabled soldiers and sailors and their vocational rehabilitation and return to civil employment. In order to be of the largest assistance, this conference terminated its labors by the adoption of a tentative bill embodying the principles and policies of which the conference approved. This measure was respectfully submitted, through the Surgeon General, to the Secretary of War for his consideration, with the recommendation that after it had passed through the hands of the solicitors of the departments con- cerned for the correction of such technical defects as the proper description of ail the beneficiaries to be reached by the measure, the same should be presented to the Congress for its consideration. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 29 LEGISLATION MUST BE BROAD AND FLEXIBLE. No more difficult problem was ever presented to a people than the sacred task of restoring the victims of this great conflict to normal life and happy, self-dependent employment. It is not known how long the war will last ; how many soldiers will be sent to Europe; how many will be injured; how many will die; how many will return totally disabled; how many will be subjects for vocational rehabilitation; what means of employment will be open and to what extent; what the character of injuries will be; what forms of employment will be advisable for men returning, as is usual, with a complication of disabilities; how they may be best trained; where and how they should be placed; what will be the economic conditions during and after the war; what Government and civic employments will be open; what cooperation can be secured from the States, employers, organizations of employers, private foundations, institutions, and philanthropic foundations; what will be the cost of carrying on the work; how this cost is to be distributed during the years the work is being carried on; and what social and economic adjustment must be faced. Any legislation dealing with this question must be broad and flexi- ble. Experience of foreign governments has shown not only that the support and control of rehabilitation must be in the hands of the National Government, but that the work itself must be done by a national board equipped with ample funds and having broad dis- cretionary powers, designed to meet the rapidly changing conditions in the conduct of the war and to coyer the growing experience of the country in dealing with the reeducation and placement of handicapped men. This national board should be a board already in existence, desig- nated because of its experience and facilities for the administration of vocational training and because of the representative character of its membership. If a new board should be created by Congress for the purpose, all existing facilities for the study and administra- tion of vocational education now possessed by the National Gov- ernment should be recognized and. utilized, so as to avoid confusion, overlap and duplication of effort, and needless expense. PART II. FOREIGN LEGISLATION AND EXPERIENCE. COORDINATION AND CENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY. In each of the belligerent countries experience has demonstrated that the process of returning men incapacitated for further military service to civil employment must be a continuous process, initiated in the hospital and continued without break through the various stages of convalescence, vocational reeducation, placement, and pro- ductive emplovmeiit in the workshop. Any break in this process may, in individual cases, mean failure and permanent dependency, and is certain to mean in general in- creased expenditure and effort. Once the disabled soldier or sailor has drifted into unskilled casual employment, or into a state of de- pendency, his economic rehabilitation becomes exceedingly difficult. Each belligerent has accordingly made legislative provision which insures the immediate and direct return of invalided soldiers and sailors, either to their old employment, if they are capable of under- taking it, or to some new employment for which their handicap does not constitute a prohibitive bar. Under this legislation such voca- tional training in the old or in a new employment is given each man as he may require. This training is given in hospital workshops during convalescence, in classes and schools specially organized for disabled soldiers and sailors, in technical, trade and agricultural schools, and in factories and workshops under special agreements with employers. A great variety of agencies, public and private, cooperate in this work of reestablishing men in civil employment under fair guarantees as regards wages, hours, and every condition of work. During the first mouths of the war, however, each of these agencies worked ^more or less ^ independently of the others, rendering such service in behalf of disabled men as it was capable of rendering in the face of the sudden emergency imposed by the war, and these early efforts were necessarily uncoordinated and disparate. The development in each country during the war may be summed up in the words coordination of effort under a central agency of national administration embracing a great diversity of agencies and resources. In England, for example, the agency of centralized authority is the special grants committee under the minister of pensions; in France, it is the ' l office national des mu tiles et reformes de la guerre "; in Italy, the national committee for the protection and help of men invalided in the war; and in Canada, the military hospitals com- mission. Under the general direction of these national agencies of control a great diversity of effort has been coordinated, and every available 31 32 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. resource, public and private, is effectively utilized in a general scheme of cooperation administratively financed by the central government, which also provides such funds as are required for maintenance of vocational training, and for support of the men and of their depend- ents during the period of their training. In the following sections, based upon such official and unofficial sources of information as are available, brief accounts are given of the legislation which has been enacted in the several belligerent countries, and of the various agencies which have been developed and coordinated under this legislation. ENGLAND. NAVAL AND MILITARY WAR-PENSIONS ACT OF 1915. The naval and military war pensions act of November, 1915, was passed by Parliament following recommendations by a committee under the chairmanship of Sir George Murray. This committee, which had been previously appointed to investi- gate the best methods of caring for disabled men discharged from the army, had in its report recommended that the work of caring for such men be devolved upon a central authority. In the war pensions act of 1915, "the State for the first time recog- nized its responsibility for the treatment and care of disabled soldiers after then 1 discharge from the Army." 1 In England the royal patri- otic fund corporation, dating back to the Crimean War, had admin- istered in trust charitable funds for disabled soldiers, and soldiers' widows and orphans, but it seems to have become apparent, at the very outset of the present war in England, as in France, that private funds would prove inadequate for this work. The war pension act of 1915 recognized the necessity for State support in the discharge of an obligation resting clearly upon the whole community. By the terms of the act the royal patriotic fund corporation was constituted a statutory committee consisting of 27 members. This committee was given authority "to make provision for the care of disabled officers and men after they have left the service, including provision for their health, training, and employment." Vocational reeducation and placement of disabled men after dis- charge from the Army is thus generally specified as falling within the scope of the functions of the statutory committee, which is left en- tirely free to develop the work in its discretion and according to the resources available. In the provisions of this act is found "the germ of the State system of training to enable those who have suffered directly through the war to resume their civil occupation." It was pointed out, however, that the duty of the committee "was not so much to supplant private institutions for the care and training of the disabled as to coordinate them, and only when necessary to supplement them," utilizing to the full all existing organizations of the State, such as, for example, ''the education department, the health insurance commission, and the labor exchange." The statutory committee is described as "more a coordinate and advisory body than an administrative department." i Capt. Basil Williams, Care of crippled and blinded soldiers in Great Britain; article in Recalled to Life, reprinted in American Journal of Care for Cripples of September, 1917, p. 97. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 33 The central committee was instructed by the act to establish local committees, one from each county or county borough, and one for each borough and urban district 01 not less than 50,000 population, whose council so desired, and one for every other borough or urban district for which the statutory committee, on the application of the local council, -considered it aesirable that a separate 1 local com- mittee should be established. These local committees were to perform their functions under schemes 1 to be adopted by, and so far as seemed advisable, devised by the local councils and approved by the statutory committee. Such schemes might in any given case provide for the division of a county into districts and the appointment of a subcommittee in each district. Thus considerable responsibility and discretion was to be delegated to the local committees. The members of the central committee were appointed by the Crown, the royal patriotic fund corporation, the war office, the Admiralty, and other Government offices, and the Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Families' Association. The central committee itself was in- structed to appoint a subcommittee, which should include in its membership representatives of employers and of labor, and local district committees might appoint similar subcommittees. The central committee and the local committees were authorized to solicit and receive contributions from the public, and Parliament voted to the central committee 1,000,000. Funds subscribed locally might be expended by the local committee, which might refer in- dividual cases to the central committee for assistance to be given out of funds at the disposal of this committee. It was provided that administrative expenses of local committees and subcommittees shall be defrayed by the council of the county or borough. The following brief account of developments under this act is taken largely from the article cited above by Capt. Basil Williams. AVORK OF THE STATUTORY COMMITTEE. The statutory committee investigated the work being done by the education department, the board of trade's employment bureau, the health insurance commissions, the war office, and the Admiralty, and by a large number of voluntary private agencies, such as the lied Cross, and the St. John's ambulance societies. It undertook to guide the extension of activities of these several agencies so as to provide needed services and avoid misdirection and waste of resources. 1 The following outline of a scheme was submitted under the naval and military \var pensions act by the statutory committee for adoption by local committt Scheme framed by the County Council for the constitution of a local committee for the county of , excluding the royal parliamentary or police burghs of . 1. Constitution ot local committee. Stated number to be women, representatives of labor, and members of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families' Association, or the Soldiers' and Sailors' Help Society, or any other association doing work of this kind. 2. The members to be appointed by county council. 3. Term of office to be three years. 4. Regulation regarding absence of members. 5. Regulation regarding casual vacancies. 6. Settlement of differences to be by statutory committee. 7. Vacancies not to invalidate proceedings. s. Chairman and vice chairman to be appointed by the committee. 9. Time and place of meetings to be held at stated intervals. 10. Procedure to be regulated by committee. 11. Duration of scheme to be in power of Ilie council with consent of the statutory committee. Schemes for boroughs have practically the same form. 42297 S. Doc. 166, 652 3 34 . VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. It undertook also to encourage the institution of such new agencies as were required, " thence to evolve a coordinated system which would insure that every case of disablement should be able to obtain adequate treatment, training, and employment, if possible within convenient distance of a man's home." The statutory committee had power to pay allowances to men during the period of their vocational training, and to pav fees charged for such training in institutions giving it, all this on the basis of consideration of individual cases. The following extracts are from regulations and instructions published by the statutory committee: TEMPORARY ALLOWANCE. In the case of a soldier or sailor discharged as disabled in consequence of the present war, where the local committee are satisfied that the man is either entitled to a dis- ability pension from the State or would be recommended for a special allowance of a continuing nature from the statutory committee, and where, in the opinion of the local special subcommittee, it would be advisable for such sailor or soldier to receive train- ing in a technical institute, jwlytechnic or similar institution before using his earn- ing capacity, the local committee may pay the fees charged in respect of such tech- nical training to an institution maintained or aided by a local authority or other recognized place of training approved by the statutory committee for this purpose, and may make a temporary allowance to the disabled man during the period of his training sufficient to make up his income including State pension or State temporary allowance and other income (if any). In the case of a single man to not exceeding 25s. a week. In case of a married man. living at home, to 25s. a week, together with 2s 6d. for each child. Or, if more favorable to the man, a temporary allowance of a sum in addition to his income equivalent to the loss, owing to his entry into training, or actual earnings or earning capacity, assumed for the purpose of the State pension or any supplementary pension, whichever be greater. And where such training necessitates a married man or a single man with dependents living away from home, a temporary allowance sufficient to make up his income, including State pension or State temporary allow- ance and other income (if any), to not exceeding 25s. a week for the man himself, together with an amount for his wife or dependents (a) where such training commences before the State separation allowance ceases equal to such allowance including allot- ment, plus any supplementary separation allowance receive'd by the wife or depen- dents under the Regulations or any Treasury grant; or (6) where such training com- mences after the cessation of the State separation allowance sufficient to make up for the loss owing to his entry into training, of actual earnings or earning capacity assumed for the purpose of the State pension or any supplementary pension, whichever be greater, less such amount as may be saved in respect of the man's keep. Any part of the allowance in such cases may, by arrangement with the man, be paid to his wife or dependents or to any hostel or institution where he is maintained. Provided, That any^ wages paid to the man for service rendered during the regular hours of training or instruction shall be regarded as "other income" and deducted from the allowance otherwise payable under this regulation. Any scheme for training must be sanctioned by the statutory committee before any allowance is made thereunder, and no allowance for training shall be paid to a man for more than 26 weeks without the like sanction. ****** * Local committees will, at the same time, recognize that there are other ways of assisting a case than by the grant or continuance of a supplementary pension or special allowance. In the case of disabled men special provision can be made under the act for their health, training, and employment. ******* In cases where sailors or soldiers are discharged partially disabled, they receive pensions calculated on the proportion of the man's earning capacity which is assumed to have been destroyed. Earning capacity for this purpose is taken at the flat rate of 25s., and the weekly pension awarded is a proportion of 25s., according to the degree of incapacity. The same proportion is applied to the allowance of 2s. 6d. for each child. .VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 35 It is recognized that the obligations of the community, to men whose health and earning powers have been impaired by their service, are not satisfied merely by the grant of pension but that they are entitled to such training or continued treatment as will restore to them, BO far as possible, their normal health and earning powers. It is hoped that men will be ready to take advantage of the arrangements made by local committees, with the approval of the statutory committee, for their training and treatment, but it is probable that it may be difficult, in many cases, particularly of men of mature age, to persuade them to do so. The aim of the statutory committee in framing regulation. 12 has, therefore, been to provide for adequate financial assist- ance for those men who are willing to undergo training or treatment, and the alter- natives in the regulation are inserted in order that in no case shall a man, while being trained or under treatment, be in a worse financial position than if he had remained at home. In the case of a man who undergoes training, and is able to live at home during such training, subhead (a] authorizes the local committee to make up his income to not exceeding 25s. a week in the case of a single man, and to not exceeding 25s. plus 2s. 6d. k for each child if he is married, or if more favorable' to the man, they may grant hinr an allowance not exceeding (a) The amount of his earnings immediately prior to his training; or (b) The amount which the State or the statutory committee assumed that he was capable of earning for the purpose of assessing State pension or supplementary pension, respectively. The same provisions will apply to a single man without dependents whose training necessitates his living away from home, but a single man with dependents, or a married man may be granted, in such circumstances, a temporary allowance sufficient to make up his income, including State pension or temporary allowance and any other income, to not exceeding 25s. by way of maintenance for himself, together with (c) The amount of State separation allowance, allotment, and any supplementary separation allowance from the statutory committee or grant from the military service (civil liabilities) committee received by his wife or dependents during his service; or (d) The amount of the loss owing to his entry into training as set out under (a) or (6) above less the amount of the saving resulting from his absence. Pro-vi^ed, That an allowance on basis (c) must only be applied where a man enters upon his training before cessation of State separation allowance. In April, 1917, the war pensions and statutory committee issued a circular of instruction declaring that when a local special sub- committee had decided that it would be advisable for a disabled soldier or sailor to undergo training or treatment, and the training or treatment can not be entered upon at once on account of want of accommodations in a suitable institution or for other exceptional circumstances, the local committee may apply regulation 12 giv- ing temporary allowance on the same basis as for a man receiving training or treatment. 1 HOSPITAL DISCHARGES. A large proportion of the men discharged from the military hos- pitals are fit to resume their military service and return to the army. Statistics for one hospital covering discharges for one year showed that out of 1,350 orthopedic cases that is to say, out of 1,350 cases involving "some form of disability" 997 were returned to the army, leaving only 353 cases discharged as permanently unfit for further military service. These latter cases come immediately under care of the local committees for further treatment, vocational train- ing, and placement in a wage-earning employment. An interval of three weeks intervenes between the time when the man's hospital treatment is regarded as complete and his discharge Jrom the hospital. i Circular No. 39, dated Apr. 28. 1917. entitled "Additional instruction to Part II, regulation 12." 36 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. In this interval the man is interviewed by a member of the local committee of the community in which the hospital is located, and all particulars of his case are taken down, including previous occupation and occupational preferences. These particulars are forwarded to the local committee of the man's home community. It then becomes the duty of the homo com* mittee to take the initiative in providing for the man on his discharge from the hospital and return to his domicile. In this three- weeks interval, also a " treatment card" is filled out by the medical officer in charge of the hospital, specifying further curative treatment recommended. This card is forwarded to the home local committee and a copy is given to the man himself. PROVISION FOR REEDUCATION. Every effort is made to inform the man as, for example, by posters displayed in the hospital wards, stations, and public places of opportunities open to him for securing further treatment, and vocational training. At many of the orthopedic hospitals training classes for men under treatment have been established by technical institutes in such lines as typewriting, woodworking, leather embossing, metal lathe work, telegraphy, cinema operation, cobbling, painting, and gardening. In other cases, classes are given in neighboring institutes in such lines as bakery and confectionery, electrical switchboard work, bootmaking and repairing, leather work, agriculture, and motor plowing, engineering, tinsmithing, and coppersmi thing. In some cases private employers offer to give disabled men an apprenticeship in their workshops. 1 The ministry of munitions has opened its advanced courses in toolmaking, tool setting, gauge making, and other skilled work to qualified disabled men recommended by local committees. In some cases men are placed on private farms for training, or entered in a course at an agricultural college. MINISTRY-OF-PENSTONS ACT. The general administration of this work has been modified by two acts passed since the war pensions act of 1915, namely, the ministry- of-pensions act of 1916, and the naval and military war-pensions act of 1917. The act of 1916, establishing the ministry of pensions, brought the statutory committee and the local committees under control of the new minister of pensions, and provided that thereafter all tke powers and duties of these committees should be exercised in accordance with the instructions of this official. 1 The National Leather Goods Manufacturers' Association offered to train partly disabled men in light leather v/ork. Messrs. Worral & Co., of Birmingham, sent members of their stall' to teach leather work to Englishmen in Switzerland. Messrs. Abdulla & Co. (Ltd.) sent an instructor to the Shepherds Bush Orthopedic Hospital to teach the patients the art of rolling cigarettes. An English firm is training disabled men to make parts of fire extinguishers. A Scottish firm o) manufacturers stated that they had openings in a beetling mill for men suffering of deauiess. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 37 XAVAL AND MILITARY WAR-PENSIONS ACT OF 1917. On April 19, l)17, the secretary of the statutory committee wrote letters to the prime minister and to the minister of pensions, inform- ing these officials that the statutory committee had come to the conclusion that in the public interest, and also in that of those for whose benefit the statutory committee was constituted, it was desirable that the committee's functions should be transferred to the minister of pensions. It was explained that after considering its present position, and since the ministry of pensions had been established, a resolution to the following effect was passed on the 19th of April: That in the opinion of the statutory committee the time has arrived when their functions under the naval and military war pensions, etc., act, 1915, should, subject to the necessary modifications, be transferred to the minister of pensions. The committee has done its best to carry out its f auctions under schemes instituted by it. Three hundred local committees have been established and they have done much work with regard to arrangements for the treatment, training, and employment of dis- abled men. The formation of the ministry of pensions, placing the powers and duties of the committee under the minister of pensions, has altered its position. There is a cordial feeling between the committee and the ministry. It is thought to be impracticable, however, for the committee and the minister to deal with the same matters. It is considered that there should be undivided responsibility and that there should be only one central authority to which local com- mittees should look for guidance and control. Legislation to that effect is urged. The experience gained by the members of the committee was freely placed at the disposal of the minister of pensions. Commenting on this letter and its recommendations Cyril Jackson, in the War Pensions Gazette of Jane, 1917, made the following statements: The statutory committee was a composite body including members of both Houses of Parliament, representatives of Government depart- ments and of labor, women, and other persons closely associated with the voluntary agencies who had previously assisted the soldiers and sailors and their families. The special disablements subcom- mittee did much to prepare the ground and to solve the difficult prob- lem of affording assistance to disabled men. They established advisory trade boards and wage boards. They organized the local committees upon whom the whole success of the act depended. On 'these committees a definite proportion were representatives of labor; of the old voluntary associations and women, usually one- fifth for each class. It was their duty to prepare the schemes and to appoint the actual personnel. The local committees have proved themselves effective. The general lines of training and treatment of the disabled men are such that they will form a solid foundation for any work in the future. In accordance with these recommendations, the naval and mili- tary war-pensions act, passed August 21, 1917, dissolved the statu- tory committee and transferred its powers and functions with regard to the training of soldiers and sailors to the minister of pen- 38 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. sions, who was instructed to constitute a committee of not more than 12 members, to be known as the special grants committee, with the duty of assisting him in performing the duties imposed upon him by the act. It was provided in the act, however, that nothing therein should affect any scheme, regulation, order or grant made by the statutory committee, but that all such schemes, regulations, and orders should, until altered or revoked by the minister of pen- sions or by the special grants committee, with the approval of the minister of pensions, continue in force, the ministry or the special grants committee being substituted in each instance for the statu- tory committee. REGULATIONS FOR TRAINING DISABLED MEN. The minister of pensions has issued a pamphlet entitled "Instruc- tions and Notes on the Treatment and Training of Disabled Men, 1917." This pamphlet deals with the medical treatment as well as with the training of men. Some provisions relating to training are given below: SEC. 19. Training shall include any form of training (other than orthopedic manual training ' * *) the conditions of which may be approved by the minister of pen- sions. SEC. 20. The following forms of training are approved: (1) Training in any agricultural college, farm colony, or other institution estab- lished by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. (2) Training for individual men (not exceeding five at anytime in any single indus- try) in any workshop or factory subject to the general conditions laid down in sched- ule 4 (see below), or such conditions as may hereafter be approved. (3) Training given in accordance with any scheme approved by the war pensions statutory committee before the issue of these instructions. SEC. 23. Training shall not conflict with interest of employers and employed in any trade. The minister of pensions, after consultation with minister of labor, may issue instructions as to conditions to be observed. SEC. 25. The local committee shall decide as to the training to be offered to and provided for disabled men, and in so deciding the local committee shall consider in addition to the man's own choice of occupation (a) His previous occupation. (6) The suitability of the occupation to the man's age, disability, and physical condition. (c) The recommendation, if any, as to training, which may be indicated on the notification of award of pension or in any report of a hospital visitor. (d) The opportunities for^ reaching a permanent livelihood in the occupation. SEC. 28. The local committee, if satisfied that man is not taking full advantage of training, may stop training and payment of allowance. Schedule 3 of the pamphlet specified conditions under which train- ing may be given in technical or other institutions. Such training, at the expense of the minister of pensions, must be approved by local education authority; only ordinary fees may be paid for regular courses ; and for special courses instituted for disabled men fees rep- resenting only additional expenses necessitated by the institution, not exceeding 7s. 6d. per head per week, may be paid. It is further specified that the joint committee and trade associations must be consulted ; that reasonable certainty of employment must be assured ; that the period of training shall not exceed six months, unless conditions of trade, etc., satisfy the minister of pensions that a longer period is necessary. Finally it is provided that maimed men shall not be required to live away from home, except with the sanction of the minister of pensions, and that in such cases there must be VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 39 mable certainty that a position will be secured at the home town, or that the man will be willing to move to a place where a position may be secured. Schedule 4 relates to training in workshops or factories of private employers or public companies. It is specified that employers must give definite instruction to the men, and make reports on progress; that adequate training must be given, together with promise of permanent employment and fair wages; that the employers must teach the man enough to insure his employment; that no fees shall be paid without the sanction of the minister of pensions; that the local committee shall have the right of withdrawal; that the employer shall pay wages equal to the net value of the work done by the man in training, and that the allowance to the man from the committee shall be reduced by this amount; that the scheme shall be approved by the local trade association ; and that the period of training shall not exceed four months unless conditions satisfy the minister of pensions that a longer period is necessary. The pamphlet states that each local committee must feel respon- sible for all men in its district not alone for those who present themselves to the committee. The local committee is furnished with information by the military hospital from which the man is discharged, the minister of pensions granting pension or gratuity, the military hospital white card indicating treatment when necessary, and the hospital visitor reporting on the man's suitability for training. EMPLOYMENT. Employment of men released from military service is under the direction of the special grants committee of the ministry of pensions working in close collaboration with the employment department of the ministry of labor. England anticipated difficulty with the labor unions. The unions have fought for 50 years for the minimum wage and other rights. After the first patriotic impulse had worn away, and the liquidation of labor began, labor unrest became apparent, in consequence of changed conditions, involving long hours, increased wages, and profit making by employers. It became necessary to pass the first munitions act, and it has since been necessary for the Government to regulate wages. The unions have given up many of their rights on the condition that they be returned at the close of the war. The employing of the disabled soldier adds to the complications and caUs for careful wage adjustment. TRADE ADVISORY COMMITTEES. In order intelligently to achieve the return of disabled soldiers and sailors to civil employment and with the least possible friction between capital and labor, trade advisory committees have been formed in the different trades for regulating the training and employ- ing of such men. The trade advisory committee is expected to give advice with reference to character and duration of training, and the number of men to be trained in the particular trade. 1 i Trade advisory committees have been formed for the following trades: Cane willow, building, furniture, engineering and shipbuilding, tailoring, boot and shoe repairing, boot and shoe manufacture, gold, silver, and jewelry, brush making, printing and kindred trades, paper, paper goods, cinematograph, electricity and substations, and mechanical dentistry. Such committees have been proposed lor the electrical industry, the textile trades, and coal mining. 40 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. The membership of each trade advisory committee is composed as follows: (1) A chairman, appointed by the ministry of labor if not agreed upon by the committee. (2) An equal number of representatives of employers and of workmen. A representative of the special grants committee, and a repre- sentative of the employment department of the ministry of labor attend as consultants. The duties of these committees are: (1) To advise on all questions relative to reinstatement of disabled former employees. (2) To study the possibility of permanent employment of those not previously in trade. (3) To report on plans of training for the disabled in technical schools or factories, and as to suitable centers for such training. (4) To advise with regard to rate of wages to be paid to disabled employed in the trade. ADVISORY WAGES BOARDS. In addition to the trade advisory committees, the ministry of labor has set up advisory wages boards in the principal trades. The functions of these two sorts of committees are quite different. The trade advisory committees deal with national industries and local committees are expected to investigate local and special industries. The advisory wages boards deal with rates of wages for disabled men, and furnish authoritative opinion on the rate of wages which each disabled man should have in relation to his physical handicap, the impairment of his efficiency, the current local rate of wages, and any other factors which must be taken into account. Each board consists of a permanent chairman appointed by the ministry of labor, and a representative of employers and workmen, with not more than three members of the local war pensions com- mittee who are assessors without the right to vote. The clerk of the board is an officer of the ministry of labor. Representatives hold office for a period of not less than 12 months, and the length of service is determined by the ministry of labor. Advice with reference to a man's earning capacity is given to any employer or workman or to the local war pensions committee or to the secretary of the local war pensions committee with reference to the wage of any workman engaged upon a specific work. In giving advice pensions are not to be considered. The chairman of the board is usually the chairman of the local court of references. (Pt. 11 of the national insurance act, 1911.) The board can not enforce its decisions. Its opinion, however, is expected to be final. INQUIRY INTO TRADES. England has started a systematic inquiry into trades which will be suitable for the disabled. Inquiry blanks and schedules to secure YOCAT10XAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 41 all information desired relative to occupations, processes, wages, conditions, etc., are to be filled by 1. Inspectors of technical schools of the board of education. J. Home office factory inspectors. Officials of the employment department. 4. Selected manufacturers or persons having a detailed knowledge of the trade. In order to procure data showing the exact nature of each process in relation to the disabled, a schedule is filled for each separate process, not for a trade as a whole. Processes are not investigated which are known to be too hard or too unhealthy; or which can be learned only by beginning as a boy; or which are performed by women under normal labor conditions, or by young people; or in crises where the trade is known to be declining, or seasonal, or to yield under normal conditions a low wage. The purpose of the inquiry is to find permanent employment for the disabled and to avoid the danger of men taking temporary positions under present abnormal labor conditions. The corps of commissionaires (headquarters London, branches in large cities) is the largest organization dealing with discharged ex- service men not wishing to take up a skilled trade. All men dis- charged for wounds who have served in regular forces or auxiliary forces who qualify in health, physique, and education are eligible. Commissionaires are engaged by employers as watchmen, clerks, time and gate keepers, messengers, gymnastic and drill instructors, grooms, boatmen, and porters. The employment bureaus in connection with hospitals place men as chauffeurs, garage attendants, assistant electricians, elevator operators, repair carpenters on estates, and in other employments. Engineering and chemical industries need men of technical training and there is opportunity of employment for the men in stores, hotels, and shops. The local committees are furthering employment of the men in every possible way. 1 Upon discharge the address of the man is sent to the employment exchange in the district to which he is to go. The further duties of the local committee are briefly indicated in the following paragraph, quoted from Capt. Williams's article, cited above: After the disabled man's training is completed the local committee is responsible fT eyeing that he obtains the employment for which he is fitted. In many cases employment follows naturally upon training; employers who take disabled men as apprentices, farmers who train them for agriculture, the ministry of munitions which gives them technical instruction, will generally be able to find them work when the training is completed. In many cases a man has had his job reserved for him by his foinu'r employer, or he may find no difficulty in placing himself, owing to his former connections. But there are many other cases where a search for employment has to be made. Then the committee will consult the trade panel already mentioned or pee that the labor-exchange officials do their best to find suitable work. Happily there is a natural disposition among employers to help the disabled as much as they can; among all the demands for men made on the labor exchanges by employers between May, 1915, and December, 19] 6, it was stipulated in no less than 24,635 ; hat discharged soldiers and sailors should be given the preference. From other returns ror the same period it is clear that hardly any discharged soldiers who had applied through labor exchanges had no work found for them. 1 From May, 1915, t-> July 13, 1917, there were 127,300 registrations and 59,400 disabled men placed. At that time there were about 2,800 men waiting for employment. 42 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILOE^ FRANCE. EARLY EFFORTS FOR REEDUCATION. In France as in Belgium and Italy, but in contrast to the system in England training of disabled men is as far as possible compulsory, and in France and Italy such training ceases when the man is dis- charged from the army^ or navy. In some cases, however, difficulty has been experienced in forcing men to take up courses in profes- sional reeducation, except such -as are prescribed in the hospital workshop. It is stated that methods in France "have not yet reached a final form," a statement which is undoubtedly true also of the methods which have been developed in other belligerent countries. Neverthe- less, in France considerable progress has been made in the develop- ment of a central agency of coordination in the work of reeducation and placement of disabled men. Very early in the war public and private agencies undertook to provide training for disabled men, the efforts made to give such training being necessarily, under the conditions, in the nature of spontaneous uncoordinated reactions to a tremendous and unprovided- for emergency. Within the first few weeks of the war thousands of men were wounded and crippled in the fierce campaign to stop the onrush of invaders. These men, unfit for further military service, and in many cases unfit without special training to take up any sort of civil employment, were thrown back upon the community, which, while recognizing its obligation to provide for them, found itself quite unprepared for the task. France was thus under the immediate necessity of doing the work, without planning how best to do it, and it may be observed that while France has been developing her methods of administration, she has been teaching the art of rehabilitation of disabled men to the world, especially, it should perhaps be added, the art of func- tional and orthopedic rehabilitation, rather than of vocational reeducation. The necessities for and the advantages of vocational reeducation are, however, fully recognized in France, although it is admitted that many men who might with advantage to themselves have undertaken a course of vocational reeducation have failed or refused to undertake such a course. In a word, the system of compulsory training seems to have been only partially successful. Private agencies and societies, municipalities, provincial govern- ments, and the various departments of the Central Government reacted directly and more or less independently to the conditions which had suddenly developed. Definition 01 function and co- ordination of activities among these diverse agencies is not yet complete. The first school for training wounded and crippled men was estab- lished by the municipality of Lyon in December, 1914. This school provided accommodations for the training of 200 men in various employments. The minister of war paid the school a subsidy of 3.50 francs a day per pupil. Other municipalities established similar schools. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 43 Under the department of comme.v^ courses were organized in technical schools and, under the department of agriculture, in agricultural schools. The department of interior established large training schools especially for reeducation of soldiers a-nd sailors. Disabled men were trained not only for employment, but as teachers to train other disabled men, on the principle that no one better than a mutile can train a inutile. 1 Utilization of all available resources, public and private, character- izes all the work of caring for disabled men in France from the time they enter the hospitals until they are reestablished in some wage- earning employment. All hospitals for active medical and surgical treatment are under the general control of the service de santS of the war department. Some of these hospitals have been established and are supported by private individuals or societies, such as the French Red Cross; some have been established by civilian and some by military authority. Patients in hospitals are given such work as they can do, as a means of hastening their convalescence, and in many hospitals materials, instruments, and instruction are provided by private societies. One society undertakes to find a market for any product turned out. Bags and flares and other products are made for the army by hospital patients. At this light work in the hospital workshops the men, it is said, may earn from 2 to 4 francs a day. 2 " OFFICE NATIONAL DES MUTILES ET REFORMES DE LA GUERRE." For the return of men to civil employment after their active medical treatment is completed the central agency of coordination in France is now the " office national des mutiles et reformes de la guerre." This national office was instituted under a joint decree of the minister of w^ar, the minister of the interior, and the minister of labor, under date of March 2, 1916, for the purpose of coordinating the efforts of public and private agencies which were seeking to facilitate the return of men disabled in the war to active civil life under conditions most advantageous for them and for the com- munity. As lias been noted, before the creation of the national office numerous agencies, public and private, had been established for the training and return to wage-earning employment of disabled men. The minister of commerce and the minister of agriculture had e i Classification of the centers of vocational education: 1. National Institute, St. Maurice. 2. Centers created by public administration connected with centers of functional reeducation. In order to obtain State subsidy these institutions must submit their proposed budget and program t j the national oilice showing number of trades taught, probable number of pupils, statement of program of instruction, schedule of weekly hours of instruction, equipment, duration of training, }v after training, and degree of physical ability necessary for the exercise of trades taught. Vocal ion.il schools under jurisdiction of the ministers of agriculture or commerce which organize special courses ' reeducation of the disabled corne under this group. 3. Public institution other than occupational schools and not attached to a center of functional i, tation and private institution. These are free as to organization, but must submit program and if desiring subsidy. The State subsidy is in proportion to the number of pupils. The granting of a subsidy does not constitute an obligation for partial or for entire renewal. Continuation of the . is conditional upon State supervision. During 1916 the reeducation commission of i tl o.'lk'e advised generally upon the repartition of the subventions to schools. These expenditures w a credit on the budget of the minister of the interior. 1 The statements regarding French hospitals are summarized from an article by Maj. John L. Todd. in tne American Journal of Care for Cripples, September, 1917. 44 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIEKS AND SAILOES. lislied sections reserved for the training of invalided men in the technical and agricultural schools under the general direction of these ministries. ^ The minister of the interior had grouped in centers of reeducation, in different regions of France, schools organized especially for the reeducation of disabled soldiers. The minister of war had organized a placement service for invalided men, and pro- posed to organize sections for vocational reeducation in connection with the hospital centers of physio-therapeutic treatment. The minister of labor, in a circular issued February 10, 1916, had discussed the advisability of creating special institutions for the em- ployment of crippled soldiers. After setting forth reasons showing the inadvisability of creating such institutions, the circular directed that all public-employment officers should collect all requests for employ- ment made to them by soldiers and should also solicit such requests, and that in cases where possible applicants should be placed in their former occupations and in their former localities. It further directed that if they found soldiers whose industrial ability or physical condi- tion could be improved, the papers of these soldiers should be sent to the central office, which, in cooperation with the bureaus of the minister of war, would send them to institutions for rehabilitation. The utility of a central office w^hich should undertake to coordinate these divergent and disparate developments and to secure economy of effort and resource without lessening private initiative and enter- prise was apparent. Accordingly the national office was created and its composition and functions were generally defined by three joint ministerial decrees dated, respectively, March 2, March 16, and May 11, 1917. Under the terms of these orders the national office was extended to include: First. The office of centralization and investigations heretofore existing under the minister of war. Second. Tha commission to regulate the organization of profes- sional centers for the reeducation of wounded and disabled soldiers heretofore existing under the minister of the interior. Third. The central office of employment and the public offices of employment connected with the central office heretofore existing under the ministry of labor. It was also decreed that the office was to be administered by a commission composed of two representatives of the ministers of labor, war, and interior, respectively. The minister of labor was later designated as president of the commission. There was also added a council of employment, in which there were to be representatives of private organizations working for the disabled. The office 1 comprises: 1 . A committee of administration composed of nine members desig- nated by the ministers of labor, war, and interior, which is charged with the duty of collecting information, and of maintaining a con- stant interrelationship between the various public services which are occupied with the care of disabled men. 2. A reeducation commission originally established by the minister of interior, which advises in technical matters of reeducation, and in the matter of requests for subventions to centers of reeducation. 1 The following account of the French national office is summarized from a report (Bulletin No. 1. Annee 1196) issusd by the office covering its work during 1916. In this bulletin the statement is made that 'the national office is to be appealed to for its advice on all general measures relating to maimed soldiers, especially on the centralisation of information relating to vocational education. " VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 45 3. A welfare council (council de perfectionment) composed of persons specially qualified by experience, and of representatives of private societies, which is charged with caring for the general welfare of disabled men. PROVINCIAL COMMITTEES. In a majority of the French Provinces provincial committees for the care or disabled men have been organized to aid the national office. In the Provinces severally the functions of these committees are similar to those of the national office in the country as a whole namely, to coordinate the work being done in each Province, to in- sure cooperation between existing agencies, and to encourage the establishment of new agencies as needed. These committees vary in. composition from Province to Province, the object being in each Province to associate together those persons who can most surely give efficient aid. In general, the local committee comprises civil and military representatives such as, for the minister of labor, the inspector of labor, and the chief of the provincial oflice of placement; for the minister of war, a delegate representing the general in com- mand of the subdivision, the local pension officer, and a member of the army health service; and in addition, representatives of agricul- tural services, of technical and public instruction, of medical socie- ties, of employers' associations, of labor organizations, and of other associations. REHABILITATION. The stages in the rehabilitation of a disabled soldier in France may be described as follows: fle is sent to a center of readaptation which consists of a physio therapeutic center, a center of prosthesis and a center of vocational training. The institution is given directions concerning the patient. He selects his own occupation with the advice of the physician in charge and the representative of a departmental committee who is the vocational officer. Before the patient's education is complete the proper employment agency is communicated with. In deter- mining the pension rate no deduction is made for reeducation, skill, or earning power. After the man is placed the national office con- tinues to feel a certain responsibility tor him. A patient previously discharged may reapply for vocational education. There are several classes of institutions for reeducation, among which the following may be noted: 1. Schools with technical shops reserved for the disabled. 2. Combined lodging and boarding houses in which the disabled can be reeducated in special shops or attend regular classes in trade schools. 3. Shops of trade associations organized for use of the disabled according to occupational groups. 4. Individual grants permitting reeducation near residence. The aim is to shorten the period of reeducation as much as possible, at the same time providing adequate courses. Account is taken of the desire of the men to return to their homes as soon as possible and to regain their personal liberty. 46 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION. OF DISABLED SOLDIEES AND SAILORS. REGISTER. The national office maintains a complete register of invalided men, showing for each man his civil and military status, the nature of his disability, his occupation before the war, and his new employment. For collecting these data, the comite . MILITARY HOSPITALS COMMISSION VOCATIONAL BRANCH. SURVEY FORM (PRELIMINARY). M. H. C, File No 1. Name Local file No Address (present) Address (home) Regiment No Rank Battalion, C.E.F Age (last birthday) Birthplace If born abroad, date came to Canada Religion Nationality of father ; of mother, Occupation of father 2. Single, married, or widower Number of dependents (a) Applicant's statement of disability (6) Discharged on Date of last medical board Place 3. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. Elementary schooling Where obtained Kind of school Years (If in more than one place or country, give time, etc., in each.) Age on leaving Grade or standard on leaving Reason for leaving (Needed to earn money; preferred to go to work; no higher school available, etc.) Subsequent education NOTE. State whether (1) high or secondary school, (2) technical or trade school, (3)business college, (4) college or university, (5) evening classes, (6) correspondence school, (7) private study. (a) Name of school Place Course taken Years Was course completed (6) Name of school Place ^ Course taken Years Was course completed (c) Name of school Place Course taken Years Was course completed ( 19---- (Vocational officer.) NOTE. Sections 6 to 9 are to be regarded as a confidential report of information and impressions obtained bv the vocational officer during one or more personal interviews with the candidate, or from any other sources. The information asked for in section 6, subsections (A) to (E) is to be given in terms named in the confidential instructions issued for the guidance of vocational officers. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 53 C. Report of special medical officer: 12. Last medical board held at , on ,19 NOTE. If any medical boards have been held since the one at discharge depot on arrival in Canada, acopy of the last board must be sent with survey form to head office M. II. C. 13. (a) Nature of disability (6) Nature of wound or affection from which disability resulted (c) Date of origin (d)Place of origin 14. Present physical condition (This section must be filled in as fully as possible.) (a) Height (6) Weight (without overcoat) (c) Girth, chest . I I Insp.jExp. I Expan. 15. Have any complications developed since the holding of last medical board? If so, what? 16. ( For amputation cases) (a) State nature of amputation, etc (6) Length of stump (c) Character of stump (d) Powerofstump (e) Usefulness of stump (/) What artificial appliances are required ? (0)IIave any been ordered? (h) Have any been received? (/) Are any being worn? 17. (a) Present degree of incapacity (stated in percentages) (6) Probable duration (c) Estimated degree of permanent incapacity NOTE. In estimating incapacity, the medical officer will follow the instructions issued by the board of pension commissioners. 18. State your reasons why candidate will be unable to follow his former occupation 19. (a) Will the disability of the candidate handicap him in his competition with the normal worker in the occupation suggested by vocational officer? (b) If so, state the manner in which his disability will be a handicap 20. (a) Will candidate's disability increase his liability to hazards in the occupation suggested by vo- cational officer? (6) If so, state the hazard and precautions to be observed 21. Influence of increasing years, (a) Will candidate be able to carry on as long as the normal worker in the occupation suggested by the vocational officer? (6) If not, how much sooner may he have to give up? (c) State any conditions which, in later life, may develop from the candidate's disability and in- terfere with his vocational fitness 22. (a) Will the candidate's condition demand any special consideration from his employer, such as shorter hours, periods of rest, light work, special type of work, or machine, etc? (6) If so, what? 23. Remarks . Date , 19. ... Signati 54 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILOBS. D. Recommendations of disabled soldiers' training board: 24. .. (Vocational officer.) (Medical member.) Place Date ,19.... (Member of local advisory board.) E. (For head office use only): 25. Medical review. Are the replies to sections 17 to 24 herein concurred in? ^ If not, state specifically in each case the reasons for noncoiicurrence 19.... (Medical officer.) 19.... (Vocational secretary.) VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 55 BELGIUM. By statute enacted October 30, 1915, Belgium constituted a society called "(Euvre du travail des blesses belies." The purpose of the society is to sell at the highest price the objects manufactured by the Belgian wounded soldiers in hospitals, convalescent depots, ami professional military schools affiliated with the work, and to uso the money thus obtained, together with such other funds as may be received as contributions, for the purchase of raw material to be manufactured by the soldiers and also to provide a fund to be distributed to the soldiers and enable them to establish themselves hi business. AUSTRALIA. On May 30, 1916, Australia enacted the Australian soldiers' repatriation fund act. Nothing in this act discloses how the fund referred to has been or is to be obtained, the provisions of the statute being restricted to determining how the fund shall be safeguarded and distributed. Section 3 provides that the fund shall be invested in and placed under the control of trustees appointed by the act, and section 4 appoints a board of trustees, with the prime minister at its head and prescribes its organization. The trustees are authorized to appoint an executive committee and are charged with three duties: (1) Allocating to various State war councils such money or property as they shall determine ; (2) investing in securities such part of fund as is not immediately required for the purposes of the fund; and (3) selling, or otherwise disposing of, any property forming portion of receipts of fund. They are also directed to forward to the prime minister for presentation to Parliament an annual report showing receipts and administration of the funds. The State war councils, to which the trustees are authorized to allot money, are defined in section 2 to mean u in regard to each State a body appointed or authorized by the governor and council of that State as the State war council and approved by the governor general." Bjr section 7 it is decreed that the sums allotted to the State war councils shall be held upon trust to apply such sums, subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Governor General or the board of trustees, for the assistance of Australian soldiers and their dependents. ITALY. On March 25, 1917, the Italian Government enacted legislation having for its aim the care and help of disabled soldiers. A summary of a digest of this enactment made by Bargoni and Bernacchi is as follows : 1. The statute aims to provide, with the assistance of the State, complete, uniform, and permanent help for disabled soldiers. This purpose is achieved through the agency of a "national committee for protection and help of disabled soldiers" (Opera nazionale per la protezione ed assistenza degli invalidi della guerra.) The committee's headquarters are in Rome, and it is administered by a council of 19 members comprising 2 deputies and 2 senators, elected by the 56 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. chamber of deputies and the senate; 12 members nominated by royal decree, recommended by the president of the council of minis- ters, including delegates from the departments of the interior, war, marine, treasury, industry, and commerce and labor, designated by the ministers of the departments; and representatives of com- mittees for the care of war invalids and public relief and pension societies; an executive committee is elected by the council; the council elects its own president and vice president for terms of two years; it elects annually 4 members who, with the president and vice president, constitute the executive committee. 2. The act applies to all disabled soldiers, before and after dis- charge, and to others discharged according to Italian military pension laws. 3. It provides (a) medical, orthopedic, and prosthetic assistance not provided by military authorities; (b) financial assistance in special cases; (c) social assistance by primary technical education or by reeducation; (d) suitable situations; (e) legal and medical help when needed; (/) every kind of assistance, protection, and control needed. 4. The work of this committee depends upon the cooperation of every public and private institution or organization for assistance of disabled soldiers. 5. The committee coordinates and completes the work of institu- tions mentioned in 4, and has right to control their actions. 6. Discharged soldiers continue work in the army, or in a private or public institution, when the doctor declares them fit. 10. The minister of interior will authorize in his annual budget the disbursement of a sum proportionate to needs of the national com- mittee. (The sum of 1,500,000 lire is made available for the year 1916-17. The office is authorized to receive other funds, donations, and subventions.) 12. After completion of medical treatment the soldier is sent to a special institution for a technical reeducation course, las ting, generally, six months. (After six months the national office instead of the military department assumes the expense of a longer period of train- ing-) 17. The cost of temporary or final prosthetic apparatus is borne by military authorities, and repairs are borne by the national com- mittee. 19. Pensions are not affected. 21. Loans for buying land or establishing themselves in business are made to soldiers on security of pensions. 22. Workingmen's insurance societies are obliged to insure dis- abled soldiers who have gone back to work. 24. The Government is intrusted with the compilation of all statistics relating to disabled soldiers. The minister of interior must report annually to Parliament upon the work of the national office. It was provided further that within three months of the publication of this law, regulations for its execu- tion and for the functioning of the office should be published in a roval decree. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 57 SOUTH South African soldiers disabled in service are given reeducation and curative treatment at the South African Military Hospital in Richmond Park near London. The distance of South Africa, the lack of modern artificial limbs and modern industrial and educational teaching in this country makes rehabilitation in England desirable for the South African soldiers. While they are undergoing treat- ment at Richmond Park they are on leave from the army and receive allowances from Union funds administered by the high commissioner. Over 90 per cent of the men who are eligible elect reeducation. Such training is voluntary. Training once elected is however under military discipline. Reeducation is begun at the earliest possible stage in convalescence. As soon as the South African soldier reaches the hospital, he is put into one of the following classes: First, those unfit for further active military service; second, those whose fitness is doubtful; and, third, those who will probably become fit on the completion of treatment. Men in these classes are given curative treatment to enable them to return to service as soon as possible. If the medical officer decides that a patient will not be able to return to active service his reeducation is begun at once. The subjects taught include those of general education, bookkeeping, stenography, secre- tarial work, metal and wood working trades, cinematograph, and electrical and engine work. A boot-making equipment is to be added. As the instruction is given by highly skilled teachers, the work is not only standard in every way but unusual advantages are offered and the men are eager to avail themselves of the opportunities. Several have passed examinations of the London Chamber of Com- merce and the National Union of Teachers. If a man's medical treatment is completed and he is discharged from the hospital before he has finished his vocational training, he lives at a hostel erected on the grounds and continues his course until consummated. Men disabled in operations in Africa are cared for in institutions in the principal centers in the Union. Those who will need artificial appliances are sent to Richmond Park where they can undergo reeducation while waiting for the appliances to be fitted. " Every man, however crippled, who passes through the training, is treated as a valuable asset to the Union, to which he ultimately returns as a soldier." On discharge the men are entitled to the regular pension rates of the British troops. NEWFOUNDLAND. 2 No special institutions for reeducation have been required in New- foundland. When any member of the Newfoundland war contingent is disabled, he receives such military hospital treatment, convalescent care and training as is necessary in Great Britain. When he returns to Newfoundland he receives a pension at colonial rates provided by the Newfoundland Government. He finds no difficulty in securing employment and is readily absorbed in the general community. 1 Recalled to Life No. 2. Page 271. 2 Condensed from account in Recalled to Life, No. 2. Page 273. 58 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. INDIA.* Detailed information of preparation for disabled soldiers in India is not available. Queen Mary's Technical School for Disabled Indian Soldiers has been established in Bombay. It accommodates about 200 and is supported by subscriptions from various Indian funds. Reeducation classes are offering instruction in agriculture, tailoring, carpentering, elementary engineering, and a machine shop is being installed. Artificial limbs are provided in Bombay, employment bureaus have been established, and relief funds provide for the men and their fami- lies. NEW ZEALAND. 2 There has been established in New Zealand a special department of the Government to obtain suitable employment for the returned soldier and also, by any other means, to assist in his readaptation to civilian life. As most of the men discharged from the forces up to the present time are those who have been invalided home from the front, it follows that the major activity of the discharged soldiers' informa- tion department has been looking out for the welfare of crippled and disabled men. The New Zealanders have laid special stress on the importance of getting in touch with every single returning man, inquiring regarding his situation, and offering such assistance as is available. To this end arrangements were made for representatives of the department to board each incoming transport, and to obtain in preliminary form from the men themselves the items of information desired for record. Later on this system was further improved through arranging to have the principal data listed by the military authorities on board the transports while still at sea. The information is then completed by the department's officers upon arrival in port, and the cards for the central register are written up without delay. An important factor in the department's work is the chain of local committees. 3 The personnel of these committees is drawn, almost without exception, from influential citizens who are officers or mem- bers of the local patriotic societies. In fact the committees are often subcommittees of these societies, and if not in this relation, are in most intimate touch with them. Knowing the resources and opportunities in their home community, the members of a local committee are able intelligently to advise regarding the course of action in an individual case under discussion. The man, when first listed, is as yet undischarged and therefore still under the jurisdiction of the defense department. So after advice regarding the home-coming man is forwarded informally to the local patriotic organization, his card is filed in the central register of the returned soldiers' information department under the classi- fication "not ready for action." i Condensed from account in Recalled to Life, No. 2. Page 273. * Reprint from publication of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men. 3 To date local committees have been established in the following communities throughout the dominion: An&cuici&Af TT diigaiinx, VHOILFV.IIIUJ XT ui/iri t j-iuot/iiigs, -ivaililc vn K*r, J aiiJUfeUclj rTauWa/9j tuiuig i/viiy -incii heim, Nelson, Westport, Greymouth, Hokitika, Chris tchurch, Ashburton, Timaru, Oamaru, Dunedin, and Southland. VOCATIONAL REHAUILITATIOX OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. 59 The military authoriti-- notify the department a few days in advance of a man's discharge* from the strength, and arrangements are thereupon made to have him personally interviewed. The local police officials are often delegated with the duty of this visit. The interviewer is provided with a blank report to fill out, and with a circular of information to give to the soldier. He is cautioned that the inquiries should be made in a sympathetic spirit, in order that there may be formed a true estimate of the man's needs and merits. The form calls for answers to the following inquiries: TO BE AXSWERKD IN ALL CA8ES. I . Xarae and address of soldier. Is the man of good character? Are his surround- ings respectable? Is he living with relatives, or with whom? 2. Is he in good health, or is he still suffering from disease or wounds? 3. Is he tit for employment, and, if so. has he obtained employment, and what are his wages? If he has not, does he desire employment, and, if so. what kind of employ- ment does he wish for? 4. What are his means outside his wages? 5. Has he received assistance from any patriotic society, etc., and, if so, give amounts and dates. 6. Is he receiving full military pay? 7. Have you handed the man the information leaflet inclosed herewith? TO BE ANSWERED IX CASES OP MEN AT PRESEXT INCAPACITATED, BUT LIKELY TO MAKE A GOOD RECOVERY. 8. When is he likely to be sound and well and ready for work? 9. Is he desirous of present employment, and, if so, what work could he undertake? 10. What employment is he desirous of undertaking when restored to health? TO BE AXSWERED IN CASES OF HEX FEKMAXEXTLY DISABLED BY SICKNESS OR WOUNDS. II. What is the nature of his disablement? 12. What employment do you think the man is capable of? 13. What are his own ideas on the subject? 14. If unemployable, in what way do you think he could be best assisted? 15. Has he applied for a war pension? If a war pension has been granted, what is the amount? If the man does not require the department's assistance, please obtain his signature here. I do not require the department's assistance in obtaining employment. (Signature.) Any other information which interviewing officer can supply. (Signature.) (Date.) Very naturally, a considerable number of the/ men do not require specific assistance. They may have a business or a farm to return to or be in possession of private means. Others are found to be already employed or to have had emplovment promised them. In such cases the man's record card is transferred to the "disposed of" section of the register. The records of men who are under curative treatment and are not yet ready for employment are filed temporarily in the " under action " section of the register. Except in instances of systematic neglect to reply to communications, a case is not abandoned until employ- ment shall have been obtained or the office definitely informed that its assistance is not required. 60 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Any inquiries on the part of the men regarding land settlement or pensions are referred to the departments of the Government having these matters under jurisdiction. Cases where the men have applied for or inquired regarding em- ployment are regarded as active. In seeking positions to meet these demands every possible agency is employed. The department has conducted a propaganda to secure preference in employment opportunity for returned men. It has communicated with local authorities, patriotic organizations, farmers' unions, and private employers and has found the response, on the whole, extremely favorable. The Government has instructed all the departments that ex-members of the expeditionary force are to be given preference for all vacancies which they are qualified to fill. The local labor offices act on the same principle. In result a great many men have been appointed by the public-service commissioner or secured employment by the branches of the labor department. The railway department has helped to the best of its ability, but has itself been under necessity of providing for its own former employees who have returned disabled from the front. The man desirous of obtaining employment is instructed to get in touch with the local committee in his home district. The case is then charged against the committee on the record of the department. If necessary, there are sent periodical reminders inquiring regarding progress and advising of any apparently suitable vacancies which have come to the knowledge of the central office. The department communicates to the committees all offers of employment which come to its notice. In the case of new offers it makes an inspection of the cases charged against the committee in the locality where the work is available and telegraphs this committee, directing attention to and men who seem suitable candidates for the vacancies. The department keeps a double card index of the men awaiting employment. One set of cards is classified according to occupation; a second according to district of residence. Offers of employment are likewise suitably indexed. A statement indicating the number of candidates for employment in each district is sent out weekly to the local committees. This serves as a check on their number of open cases, and incites friendly rivalry between the committees to keep down the number charged against them. Up to June 21, 1917, the total number of men who had been registered by the department was 9,070. This number included the general type of invalid as well as the men physically disabled. The cases were subject to the following classification: Cases disposed of: Placed in employment, returned to military duty, or their old employment, or signed a statement that they do not require the depart- ment's assistance 7, 298 Cases under action: Department making inquiries on the soldier's behalf or awaiting notice of discharge 881 Cases not ready for action: Men recently returned to New Zealand, now con- valescing, not ready for employment, or not yet discharged by the military authorities G92 Open cases: Men for whom employment is desired Total.., 9,070 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 61 The results in an effort to provide special training or reeducation for disabled men have not, on the whole, been encouraging. Although the opportunities are brought systematically to the attention of the men the response has been indifferent. But the work is as yet new, and there are several factors that seem in some degree to account for the situation. For agricultural training, arrangements have been made with the agricultural department to accept a limited number of men for instruction at the state farms. Among the various branches of farm work are dairying, fruit farming, cropping, poultry raising, bee cul- ture, and market gardening. In scientific training in agricultural and pastoral subjects the authorities of Lincoln College, Wellington, have placed at the disposal of ex-soldiers five scholarships of 20 each, and have agreed to take nonresident pupils at a nominal fee. In deserving cases the returned soldiers' information department is prepared to supplement the scholarship grants by an adequate annual allowance. Few soldiers have taken advantage of the opportunities for agricultural training. Clerical training for disabled soldiers is being provided free of expense to the Government or the men by the New Zealand Society of Accountants. The subjects covered are those prescribed for the society's bookkeeping examination. The examination fees of pupils prepared to sit at the university examinations in accountancy are also met by the society. In addition to the classroom instruction courses are also given by correspondence for the benefit of men who can not attend in person. According to the annual report of the returned soldiers' informa- tion department, " a considerable number of men have from time, to time entered for the classes, but it is understood that with few ex- ceptions the attendance has been desultory and the progress poor, and it has lately been intimated to the department by the secretary that the council of the society is now considering whether it is justified in continuing the expenditure of some hundreds of pounds for such unsatisfactory results. The matter is unquestionably one for very profound regret, the scheme having originally been adopted by the society on its own initiative and promising, as we all hoped, very valuable developments." For disabled men who can not return to their former occupations there is offered free tuition at various technical schools throughout New Zealand. At the Wellington Technical College, for example, instruction is provided in building construction, painting, decoration, and sign writing, carpentry and joinery, plumbing, machine work, jewelry making, metal work, plastering, and modeling. At other instruction centers there are different curricula. In June, 1917, 69 men were taking training at technical schools. By arrangement with the Jubilee Institute for the Blind training is provided for men partially or totally blinded at the front. To remove any possible financial obstacle to men desiring to under- take training, the Government some time ago decided to grant main- tenance allowances not in excess of 1 a week, irrespective of pension payments, to men attending classes. These allowances are condi- tioned only upon approval of the training subject as suitable to the individual case and upon good conduct, regular attendance, and sat- isfactory progress. 62 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Related to the question of training for men unable to follow their former trade is that of allowing disabled men to accept positions with private employers at rates of pay less than those fixed by current awards or agreements and minimum wage legislation. The subject was taken up by the labor department early in 1916, and under an order in council then approved, 14 under-rate permits prescribing weekly wages of from 2 10s. to 1 15s. have been issued. The establishment of special reeducational institutions for war cripples has been urged by various individuals and organizations. The recommendation has elicited from the minister in charge of the returned soldiers' information department the following comment: During the last few weeks the question of the establishment of special training colleges for disabled men has been urged on the attention of the department. The gentlemen concerned in this movement have shown most praiseworthy interest in the welfare of our returned men, and which, in so far as it manifests a lively interest in our soldiers, must command the sympathy and respect of us all. I gather from the correspondence which has come under my notice that the promoters of the scheme have in mind the provision of training colleges and farms for men still undergoing hospital treatment, and if this is correct the question more properly appertains to the work of the department of public health than to the discharged soldiers' information department. So far as the latter department is concerned, I regret that I can not at present see my way to support a scheme of the character suggested. The small extent to which existing facilities have been availed of would not, in my opinion, justify the large expense which the institution of special training colleges with expensive build- ings, apparatus, and staff would involve. I am supported in this view by the attitude taken up by the statutory war pensions committee, which has been established by legislation in the United Kingdom, and which amongst other functions deals with the training and employment of disabled men. In addressing its local committees on this particular subject it urges them to make use as far as possible of existing in- stitutions, speciiically mentioning the technical schools, and adds that "as the num- ber of men for whom training is needed will diminish year by year after the war, expenditure on the provision of buildings and apparatus, whiclTwill only be required for a temporary period, should be kept within strict limits." In addition to the foregoing, I doubt whether an institution of the character pro- posed, involving a considerable measure of control and discipline, would be appre- ciated by the men for whose benefit it is designed. I am inclined to think that the younger men would before very long find the necessary restraint distasteful and irk- some. In this opinion I am supported by the views of a prominent member of the medical profession in New Zealand one who I may say has had special opportunities of forming an opinion through daily contact with the inmates of one of our large con- valescent homes. Speaking on this very subject of a training college for men out of or nearly out of the doctor's hands, he says, "I am a little dubious as to whether the men would be content to remain long under institutional control;" and again, "I feel sure that the feeling of independence from control, impossible in any institu- tion, is an essential factor in any scheme designed to appeal to the average man, and not to the exceptional returned man." I am entirely in accord with these views, and for the reasons given I could not, for the present at any rate, see my way to support the schemes which have been put forward. While the experience in the matter of training has been disap- pointing, the results in obtaining employment for disabled men have been unusually successful. The latter may go far to explain the former, especially in view of the great present demand for labor in New Zealand, and the natural desire on the part of the men to get back at once to remunerative and productive occupation. The amount of pension award, based as it is on medical evidence as to physical condition, is a fair criterion of the extent of disability. A tabulation has been prepared showing the number of men drawing pensions of 1 5s. per week and upward for whom the returned soldiers' information department obtained remunerative employ- ment. As loss of sight in one eye carries with it a pension of 1 per VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 63 week it is evident that the range of pensions represented in the tabulation embrace only cases of grave disability. A summary of this tabulation gives the following totals: Weekly pension: Number of placements. 1 5s. Od 80 1 10s. Od 146 1 15s. Od 47 In some amputation cases the placement results were as follows: Amputation. Pension. Employment. Amputation. Pension. Employment. Left thigh. Right arm. Left foot... Left knee . s. d. 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 Artificial limb making. Storeman. Draftsman. Artificial limb making. Left leg Right foot... Leg . s. d. 1 15 1 10 1 10 Night exchange attend- ant. Land officer. Mechanic Right arm. Left arm . . 1 15 1 15 Niglxt watchman. Fruit farming. Right foot... Le fit leg 1 10 1 10 basket maker. Clerical position Right leg... 1 15 Clerk. Two fingers.. 1 5 Messenger. To Hon. A. L. Herdman, the minister in charge of the returned soldiers' information department, I am indebted for the information and documentary material on which this memorandum is based. PART III. THE SIZE OF THE PROBLEM. SOME FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN ESTIMATING THE NUMBER THAT WILL REQUIRE VOCATIONAL REEDUCATION. Any estimate of the number of men returning disabled and of the number requiring vocational reeducation must be based upon certain assumptions regarding the duration of the war, the number of men maintained at the front, and the proportion of casualties. Obviously no forecast of the progress of the war can be made, and, obviously, the ratio of casualties to men mobilized may increase or decrease in the coming years. In France the ratio of casualties was highest during the opening period of the war, in which the battles of Charleroi and the Marne were fought. In each six months of the years 1915 and 1916 the ratio of casualties to men mobilized in the French Army declined from 2.39 per cent in the first six months of 1915, to 1.68 per cent in the six months following, to 1.47 per cent in the first half of 1916, and to 1.28 per cent in the latter half of that year. It would be unsafe to assume that this decline in the ratio will con- tinue. It is entirely conceivable that developments and changes dur- ing the coming years will produce on the contrary much higher ratios. It appears that the killed in action and died of wounds have not exceeded one-fifth of the total casualties. Approximately four-fifths, therefore, survive. Some among these recover completely, develop- ing 100 per cent of their former vocational efficiency; some recover partial efficiency in their old employment; some are incapacitated totally for their old employment but are capable of greater or less efficiency in other employments, provided they be given the voca- tional training required to overcome their specific handicap; some are totally incapable of any sort of vocational training or activity. It should be borne in mind that, in accordance with present prac- tice in the military hospitals of Europe as of some hospitals in this country vocational training begins during the period of conva- lescence, in a curative workshop attached to the hospital. Such training, described technically as " occupational therapy," is not reserved for men who will eventually develop vocational capacity insuring economic independence in the competitive labor market. It has become a recognized part of therapeutic treatment. In a report of the military hospitals commission of Canada, made in May, 1917, it is noted that while it had been thought that a majority of the men returned from the war " would require rest and recreation/' it was found, by experience, that what they did in fact require was " active therapeutic and orthopaedic treatment." 42297 S. Doc. 166, 65-2 5 65 66 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. In providing this active treatment along occupational lines the vocational expert cooperates with the physician to achieve the con- valescence of the patient. In this field vocational training is given as therapeutic discipline, and is not necessarily, though it should be generally related as far as possible to the subsequent vocational career of the patient. For some men the vocational training will terminate when they are discharged from the hospital cured. For others the vocational training initiated during convalescence will necessarily be continued after that period, or some new line of training will be initiated. In these cases a longer or shorter period of intensive vocational training will follow convalescence. When the statement is made that 4, 5, or 10 per cent of the men disabled will require vocational reeducation, the proportion relates to those men disabled for further military service, and returned therefore, to civil employments. While, however, the proportion requiring vocational reeducation is relative to the number "of disabled and invalided men, this propor- tion itself may be very materially affected by the policy of rehabili- tation adopted. If every sort of training is provided that can be given with material i, the proportion of cases for vocation ' ;her than if a policy is adopted of unc ly where such training is obviously and unavoidable if the man is to acquire any sort of wage-earning capacity. In a word, the proportion of cases for vocational training will be relatively large or small according as the provision for voca- tional reeducation is ample and complete or partial and special, being restricted in the latter case to a minimum of cases and to a small number of vocations. Capability for vocational reeducation is in no case an absolute and definite capacity which may be accurately measured with reference to individuals. Most disabled men will be more or less capable of special training and the number actually trained will depend upon the educational facilities created. A small proportion of the men returned will be totally disabled; incapable, therefore, of beiifiting in any degree from any sort of training. A larger proportion, perhaps four-fifths, will be entirely able to reenter their former occupations without any training. Some will be helped materially by systematic reeducation in their old em- ployment to overcome special handicaps, some will require training in absolutely new employments, some including, for example, men who have contracted tuberculosis, where the former occupation would subject them to unfavorable conditions may be greatly ben- efited by training for some other employment in which their handicap will be less serious. It need not be assumed that conditions will suddenly develop in the United States corresponding to those which now obtain in Europe in Germany, for example, where it is reported, 500,000 men are constantly under treatment in hospitals, the number of leg amputations alone in 1916 being 16,000; or in France, where accord- ing to figures published by the national office for disabled soldiers, 6,000 or 7,000 soldiers are newly pensioned, discharged, or disabled each month; or in any other of the European countries which now VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 67 report an aggregate of 13,000,000 wounded and disabled men. But conditions similar to these which are the immediate consequence of only three years of war, may very well develop in this country if the war continues for another period of three years and even worse conditions are easily within the range of possibility. Experience in European belligerent countries during the past three years can not be accepted as establishing, with any considerable degree of certainty, disability ratios for the future in the fighting forces either of these countries themselves, or in the overseas forces of the United States. But higher as well as lower casualty and disability ratios are conceivable, and even with much lower ratios, the problem confronting the United States is sufficiently serious. Some inferences may be drawn from Canadian experience, always with the reservation that the margin of error in these inferences, so far as regards future developments in the United States, may be very large. The following table (Table 1), showing the number of disabled men returned to Canada monthly, is reproduced from the report of the Canadian military hospitals commission (May, 1917). It in- cludes only the men whose records, had up to March 31, 1917, been analyzed, and it is to be noted, further, that only the more seriously disabled men have been returned to Canada. TABLE 1. Number of men returned to Canada by months. Month. 1915 1916 1917 Month. 1915 1916 1917 January 64 150 1.569 August 93 509 February (i) 182 868 September 226 636 March... (i) 343 2 151 October. 703 1 551 April w 396 November 977 1 0*0 Mav. 47 476 December. 228 784 June 36 278 No record 139 16 July 96 268 Total Jan. 1, 1915, to Mar. 31, 1917 13,826. 1 No record. In Table 2 these men are classified according to the degree of disability awarded by the medical board at the port of their disem- barkation. TABLE 2. Returned men classified according to the degree of their d-isability. Degree of disability. Men. Distri- bution. Degree of disability. Men. Distri- bution. Total men returned Disability: 0-25 per cent . Number. 13,826 7,418 2,923 Per cent. 100.00 53.65 21.14 Disability Continued. 51-75 per cent Number. 927 l,97o 583 Percent. 6.71 14.28 4.22 79-100 per cent 26-50 per cent No record 68 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILOBS. Kecent figures covering Canadian experience are given in the following statement: Total number returned to date, Oct. 31, 1917, approximate, all classes, includ- ing undesirables, etc ' m 26, 000 Total Canadian blind in England and returned '.'. ' 32 Total amputations among men returned : Legs 632 Arms : 285 In 4,000 cases surveyed recently the number found to be nervous and mental cases was 400, or 10 per cent. Of these 400 60 per cent were suffering from nervous troubles 240 25 per cent were mental cases 100 15 per cent were epileptic 60 Number of total insane to date 273 Total number of patients in hospitals, etc. : On Mar. 31, 1916 1 305 On Sept. 30, 1916 1877 On Mar. 31, 1917. 4 880 On Oct. 31, 1917 10, 199 The number of invalided men on the strength of the Canadian military hospitals commission was 6,515 on May 8, 1917, having increased from 2,365 on December 31. 1916. In November, 1917, the vocational branch of the commission had interviewed 3,756 cases, had surveyed vocationally 1,766 cases, and had approved courses for 1,452 cases. The number taking current courses of vocational training was approxi- mately 1,200. The disposition of the cases surveyed was as follows: Total surveyed 1, 766 Pending information 108 Pending result of treatment 30 Noneligible cases 176 Courses approved 1, 452 The latest report of Canadian experience 1 states that approx- imately 10 per cent of the Canadian forces overseas, 29,800 out of 300,000, have been returned as unfit for military service; approx- imately one-third of these, 9,000 out of the 29,800, being in the hospitals at one time. Of the men returned unfit for military service, 80 per cent, or four-fifths, return to their former occupations without vocational training or are incapable of such training, and 20 per cent require vocational training. One-half of those requiring vocational train- ing i. e., 10 per cent of those returned unfit for military service- require complete vocational reeducation, and one-half partial voca- tional reeducation. That is to say, Canadian experience to date indicates that with 300,000 men overseas 6,000 men have been returned unfit for military service and requiring complete or partial vocational reeducation. This number does not represent 300,000 men at the front for the whole period of the war, since the number of men at the front has been only gradually brought up to 300,000 during the period of the war, there being comparatively few Canadians in the trenches at the outset. Accepting these ratios as significant for the over-seas forces of the United States, and assuming that the United States will send over i Report of F. B. Magbuson to Mr. Samuel Insull, State counsel of national defense of Illinois. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 69 1,000,000 men the first year, and will increase its expeditionary force by 1,000,000 each year for the duration of the war, the following deductions are, perhaps, warranted, as forecasting conditions at the close of one year of fighting. Number of men overseas 1, 000, 000 Number of men returned unfit for military service 100, 000 Number not requiring vocational reeducation 80, 000 Number requiring vocational reeducation: ( 'omplete 10, 000 Partial 10, 000 Iii a word, for each million men overseas it may, perhaps, fairly be expected that 100,000 men will be returned each year, of whom 20,000 will require complete or partial vocational reeducation. This number of men may in fact be in hand to be provided for by the close of the summer campaign of 1918. But long before the close of activities in the summer of 1918 the return of men will begin, and vocational reeducation must start with the first men sent back, and must be developed as the number of men in hand for training increases. The development of facilities for undertaking vocational reeducation must, in fact, anticipate the return of the men, since adequate provision can not be improvised after the men are actually in hand for training. As regards numbers to be vocationally reeducated, Canadian expe- rience would appear to indicate 20,000 for the first year, 40,000 additional for the second year, and 60,000 additional for the third year, and aggregate for three years of war of 120,000 men. Immediate provision should be made for the training during 1918 of at least 20,000 men. In the second year of fighting, on the above assumption, the discharges from the military hospitals will provide each month between 3,000 and 4,000 candidates for vocational training, and in each month of the third year of the fighting approxi- mately 5,000 candidates. If the vocational training course averages six months per man, the number of men actually in training may be roughly estimated to be 10,000 at the close of one year of fighting, 20,000 at the close of the second year, and 30,000 at the close of the third year. The training and organization of a staff of teachers for this work will constitute a large factor in the problem of vocational education. It should be noted, however, that the above calculation is based upon rather meager accounts of Canadian experience, and that pro- portions as low as 4 or 5 per cent of the disabled men returned have been indicated as the proportion of men requiring vocational re- education. If this range of estimate is taken into account, the number of men requiring vocational reeducation during the first year of the war may fall as low as 4,000 or 5,000 per million men overseas. But, on the other hand, as has been noted, experience in past years of the war does not necessarily measure the maximum possibility of casualties, nor does it necessarily measure the maximum provision for vocational reeducation either in Canada or in any European country. It is highly probable that in very many instances voca- tional reeducation has not been undertaken where such training would be of real value to the disabled man, and would in fact /be economically advantageous to the community. 70 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. In the fiscal year 1916-17 the expenses of the vocational branch of the Canadian hospitals commission, including cost of maintenance of men undergoing reeducation, amounted to $83,669.99 out of total disbursements by the commission in the same period of $1,484,048.90. Maintenance is provided for the men and their dependents during the period of their vocational reeducation. The following paragraphs, quoted from the report of the Canadian military hospitals commission, indicate briefly the steps which have been taken in Canada for the vocational rehabilitation of returned men, and indicate by inference the dimensions of the problem immediately confronting the United States. One of the problems taken up in the early stages of the commission's work was the provision of vocational training for the men in the hospitals, and reeducation for those unable to follow their previous occupations after discharge. It was realized that this was a most complex problem. No precedents were available to guide the commission, although it was known that a great deal of work was under way in France along these lines, and reports had been received from Dr. Bourillon and others, but these did not appear to fit the situation in Canada. The director of technical education for Nova Scotia, now vocational officer for the commission for the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, also prepared a valuable report. It was found that vocational training in the hospitals was necessary not only because of its educational ^value but because of its therapeutic value. Men who are occupied recover more quickly than those who are idle. The disability of a soldier in a hospital naturally preys on his mind and self-pity grows in him. Some men also have the feeling that haying suffered for their country they should not be required to exert themselves For their livelihood, but that the country owes them a livelihood. This is only partially true. What the country owes to these men is an opportunity to obtain a livelihood. The problem, therefore, which pre- sented itself was how to raise the disabled again and to alleviate their lot by restoring to them that joy of life which comes from the feeling of renewed capacity to work and of mastery over themselves and their disabilities. The work was commenced actively by the appointment of a vocational secretary in January, 1916. It was at the beginning largely experimental. One of the first things undertaken, therefore, was a survey, at widely separate parts of Canada, of typical groups of patients in the convalescent hospitals. Amongst other facts ascer- tained was the cheering one that the proportion of men who were so disabled as not to be able to return to their previous occupations was comparatively small. Since then figures have been obtained from France where this proportion is stated to be less than 1 per cent of the wounded. It is not possible yet to give any definite percentage for the men in Canada, but as only the more seriously disabled have been returned so far, the percentage will probably be higher than that in France, which covers appar- ently the whole of the wounded. At the commencement of the work in the hospitals, classes in general subjects were established, in which those who desired to do so might brush up their education or take up new subjects. One of the earliest classes to be opened was for the teaching of English to foreign-born members of the Canadian expeditionary force, of whom a number had been returned. More from a recreative than from the vocational point of view, instruction in the simple work of the arts and crafts was also introduced. This work often involved drafting and led to the installation of apparatus for and instruction in mechanical and architectural drawing. In practically every center the classes in general subjects soon developed a distinct commercial side in which shorthand, typewriting, bookkeeping, and related branches are taught. There is a considerable demand for male help in these lines, and men slightly disabled have been able to qualify for clerical positions in this way. Thanks to the cooperation of the civil-service commissioners, classes to prepare men for civil-service examinations have been organized at several of the principal centers. Examinations were held in September, 1916, when 11 passed; in December, 1916, when 45 passed; and in March, 1917, when 140 passed. These were for the lower-grade inside service. A number of men are preparing for the second-grade examination in May. * * * * * * * The outdoor work, gardening, poultry keeping, etc., has been most successful and is being introduced in every center where the conditions permit. As in the arts and crafts work, the poultry work and gardening are made as practical as possible, the products being sold and the profits applied to the extension of the work and for the benefit of the men engaged in it. In Winnipeg between $800 and $900 worth of poul- VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 71 try and garden produce was raised by the patients at the local convalescent hospital during last summer. Egg circles have been formed in connection with the poultry classes at several hospitals. The whole of this work forms part of the daily routine of the hospitals. After breakfast and morning fatigue duties are over, a regular program is followed from 9 to 12.30 and, after dinner, from 2 to 4.15. * * * * * * * The question as to what new occupations a disabled man might be trained for is first of all a medical one, though it is largely one for a vocational counselor, a man well versed in a knowledge of the methods of various industries and of the training necessary for those who desire to pursue them. But further, and this is an important consideration, it is an economic question, touching the law of supply and demand. While there are a number of occupations for which it is not difficult to train men, it does not follow that employment can readily be obtained in them. Last, but by no means least, the man's own wishes and desires for his future must be consulted". The question, therefore, is an individual one, and every case is investigated separately. The decision as to the occupation for which an opportunity of being trained is to be offered a man, is made in the light of the medical, technical, economic, and personal factors of his case. The commission has established a complete organization for carry- ing out examination and for determining what reeducation, if any, should be given, to the discharged men. * * # * . * * One difficulty with which the commission has been confronted is that of finding suitable instructors. The supply of these men in Canada, skilled in vocational and industrial training, was all too limited before the war. Further, a number have gone overseas, and the commission has found it necessary in several instances to take them from the combatant ranks to serve as instructors at home. Also, and this will probably increase, disabled men are being engaged as instructors whenever available. The commission regards the work of vocational training and reeducation as only in its infancy and there will, undoubtedly, be a considerable development as time goes on and men realize the advantages offered. * * * * * * # One of the first things recognized by the commission in 1915 was the necessity for the creation of machinery for introducing returned men to employment and a large amount of consideration was given to this problem. It was recognized that this was primarily a provincial matter and it was, therefore decided to request the Govern- ment to call an interprovincial conference in order that a definite scheme of organi- zation might be discussed and, if approved, promulgated. At the instance of the president of the commission a report was prepared by the secretary containing certain recommendations for submission to this conference. The report was published as a sessional paper in October, 1915 (No. 35a). PART IV. OUTLINE FOR AN EXHAUSTIVE STUDY AND REPORT. VOCATIONAL REEDUCATION AND PLACEMENT OF DISABLED SOLDIEES AND SAILORS. /. The size of the problem Approximate number of men returned disabled each year per million men on the firing line. A. Classified according to disabilities. B. Classified according to their previous occupations. C. Classified provisionally according to their vocational capacities as handicapped men: 1. The number available to enter immediately upon wage-earning occupa- tions without vocational reeducation. 2. Probable numbers to be returned to agriculture, industry, commerce, and the professions (a) Before vocational reeducation. (6) After vocational reeducation. 3. Probable number unable to compete under normal labor conditions. 4. The totally incapacitated for any vocation. II. Economic and ethical issues. A. Reasons why vocational rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and sailors should be' undertaken. B. Public versus private resources. C. Public versus private administration. D. National versus State administration. E. Military versus no military discipline. F. Principles underlying cooperation with the States and municipalities. G. Principles underlying cooperation with private agencies. H. Mollifications of national and State laws and of rules and policies of State com- pensation commissions necessary in order to provide properly for the placing of handicapped men. 777. Finances. A. National appropriation. 1. By Congress. (a) Lump sum. (6) Per capita per man handicapped. B. Appropriation by other public agencies. 1. States. 2. Municipalities. C. Appropriation by private and semipublic agencies. 1. Red Cross. 2. Private foundations. 3. Individuals. 4. Corporations. 5. Trade-unions. 6. Fraternal organizations. 7. Farmers' unions, granges, etc. 8. Institutions, such as hospitals, schools, etc. D. Foreign experience in regard to financing the problem. 73 74 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. IV. Administrative problems. A. Existing Federal agencies of administration, such as War Department, Navy Department, and Federal Board for Vocational Education. B. Possible new agencies. C. Extension of period of military service during period of vocational reeducation, or reenlistment for such training. D. Discharge from military discipline and supervision after release. E. Legislation necessary. V. Cooperation. A. Agencies of cooperation. 1. Federal agencies with Federal agencies; e. g., Federal departments, board, or bureau with military authorities as regards registration and personal survey of all men received and discharged and in the provision of therapeutic and other occupations training in convalescent hospitals; Federal board with Departments of Agriculture, Labor, and Commerce with regard to the vocational reeducation of disabled soldiers and sailors. 2. Federal agencies with State agencies; e. g., in vocational reeducation in State schools and institutions and in placement of men vocationally rehabilitated. 3. Federal agencies with municipal agencies; e. g., in vocational reeducation in city schools and institutions and in placement of men vocationally rehabilitated. 4. Federal agencies with semipublic institutions, such as the Red Cross, e. g., in relief work for those unable to compete. 5. Federal agencies with private institutions and foundations, e. g., dispo- sition and treatment of permanently invalided. 6. Federal agencies with social agencies, e. g., in social rehabilitation and follow-up work. 7. Federal agencies with individual employers and corporations, e. g.. in providing reeducation and employment for rehabilitated men. 8. Federal agencies with organized employers, such as the National Manu- facturers Association, e. g., in adaptation of machinery, devices, and tools, and in the enforcement of the determination of wage boards, etc. 9. Federal agencies with organized employes, such as the American Federa- tion of Labor, e. g., admission of partially disabled men to industrial establishments, both for reeducation and later permanent employment, enforcement of determinations of wage boards, etc. 10. Federal agencies with established schools, e. g., assisting in the prepara- tion of the special type of instructor required, in teacher training, and in vocational reeducation. 11. Federal agencies with established hospitals, e. g., cooperation in occu- pational therapy and orthopedic treatment. B. Foreign experience in cooperation. VI. Stages in rehabilitation. A. Functional reeducation, direction of Medical Department. 1. Vocational expert present at functional tests. (See Purposes and results of tests.) 2. Occupational therapy or preparatory vocational reeducation under physi- cian's instructions. B. Orthopedic system, direction of Medical Department. 1. Consultation with vocational expert necessary to determine kind, type, and purpose of prosthetic appliance. ("See prosthetic appliances, necessity for cooperation of vocational expert.) 2. Occupational therapy or training preparatory to vocational reeducation under physician's instructions. C. Vocational education, direction of Vocational Department. 1. Continued coordination with Medical Department as occasioned. D. Placement, direction of Vocational Department. 1. Cooperation of manufacturers, trade-unions, etc. E. Follow work, direction of social agencies either established by or instructed by and reporting to Vocational Department. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 75 VII. Curative workshop. A. Vocational export's advice when tests and choice of prosthetic appliances are being made by physician. 1. Purposes of tests. (a) To determine capacity of the stump for reeducation. (6) To determine the amount of power in the stump by laboratory experiments with the use of arthrodynamoinetere, argometrio cycle, chirographs, and dynamographs. (c) To determine condition of senses (sight, touch, hearing). (a) To determine condition of heart, lungs, and ner\o centers; including test to measure respiratory changes as indicating degree of fatigue. (e) To determine reflexes, speed of reactions, and coordinations. 2. Results of tests (a) Determination of the proportion among the maimed and muti- lated capable of reeducation. Vocational expert's advice for many other serious disabilities, often of a medical nature. B. Service of vocational expert in occupational therapy. 1. In the selection of appropriate occupational opportunities. 2. In the preparation of courses of instruction. 3. In devising methods of instruction. 4. In the selection of instructors. C. Service of vocational expert in instruction or training preparatory to vocational reeducation. 1. In the selection of appropriate courses, both as occupational tests and as preparatory work. 2. In the preparation of courses of instruction. 3. In devising methods of instruction. 4. In the selection of instructors. D. Provision for general education. E. Relation of curative workshop training to vocational reeducation for new or old occupation selected for a disabled man. VIII. Vocational training. A. The direction in consultation with medical department toward an occupation. B . Occupational possibilities of types of disabled men in terms of the requirements of 1. Agricultural occupations. 2. Commercial occupations. 3. Industrial occupations. 4. Nautical occupations. 5. Technical occupations. 6. Professional occupations, etc. C. The formulation of courses of instruction for the preparation of disabled men for service in new and old occupations. D. Provision for general education. E. General improvement classes during convalescence. F. Cooperation 1. With existing trade, technical, agricultural, commercial, and professional and other schools. 2. With commerce, industry, and agriculture. G. Provision for further training if such is recommended after a man's military discharge. IX. Functioning of the vocational expert. A. With reference to men disabled for service. Able to return to former work or work for which they need no vocational reeducation. 1. Placement, provided former position not open or possible. B. With reference to men in need of further medical treatment. Upon discharge will be able to follow former occupation or take up new without vocational reeducation. 1. Occupational therapy. 2. Placement. 76 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. C. With reference to men in need of no further medical treatment, but unable to follow former occupation and requiring to take up new vocation. 1. Vocational reeducation. 2. Placement. D. With reference to men in need of further medical treatment and new vocation. 1. Occupational therapy or training preparatory to vocational reeducation. 2. Vocational reeducation. 3. Placement. E. With reference to men in need of permanent medical supervision or unable to compete in any regular vocation. Not totally disabled for special and limited work. 1. Occupational therapy until cured as far as possible. 2. Placement in workshop especially provided for this class. F. With reference to men totally disabled for any kind or degree of work. (It is considered that this class should be cared for exclusively by the medical department.) X. Placement. A. National central administrative office of placement. B. Cooperation of Federal and State employment offices. C. Cooperation with private aid for placement. D. Cooperation with organized labor. E. Cooperation with employers. F. Advisory wage agreement boards to provide permanently for handicapped men and reexamine men for efficiency as required. 1. To prevent exploitation of handicapped workers. 2. To prevent failure of handicapped men to compete or retain positions after vocational reeducation. G. Reservation of work for specific disabilities in Government offices, factories, and stores. XI. Continuous registration and follow-up work. A. Maintenance of wage agreement. B. Provision for unemployed. C. Relief. D. Maintenance of special workshop for those unable to compete. E. Provisions for reenlistments or otherwise for training. F. Provision of further medical treatment in military hospitals in recurrent cases. G. Social rehabilitation. PART V. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WAR CRIPPLE. 1 A l'6cole d'horlogerie de Cluses. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre Paris, 1917, no. 20, p. 4. Abigt, Emil. Heimstatten fur Krieger: Offiziere und Mannschaften. Heimkultur Deutsche Kultur, Stuttgart, 1917. Ach, N. XJber die Werkstattenbehandlung und die sonstige Beschiiftigung der Kriegsbescadigten. Miinchen, 1916. Addison, 0. Restoration and reconstruction. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 93-94. Address to discharged soldiers at a discharge centre. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917,1,80-81. Aid for the war cripples of France. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1916, iii, 44-45. "Aide et Protection." (Societe Nationale de Secours Mutuels entre tous les Mutiles et Blesses Reformes de Guerre.) Paris. Bulletin Mensuel, no. 15, July, 1917. Bulletin Mensuel, no. 18, October, 1917. Mutiles! Reformes! Unissons-nous! Groupons-nous! Adherez tons i\ 1'Aide et Protection. Extrait des statuts. n. d. Statuts et reglement g6ne"ral interieur. n. d. Aide (!') immediat aux Invalides et Reformes de la Guerre. La Formation Pro- fessionnelle, Paris, 1916. 13 e annee, no. 9, p. 72-73. Alden, Percy. What France is doing for her disabled soldiers and sailors. Progress, London, 1917, xii, 1-26. Alfassa, Maurice. L'emploi en Industrie et en agriculture des blesses et muliles de guerre et la loi eur les accidents. Le Correspondant, Paris, 1915, Ixxxvii, 243-256. ^Notea e"conomiques. Sur diverses propositions legislatives relatives aux mutiles de la guerre. Bulletin de la Soci6t6 d' Encouragement pour 1' Industrie Nationale, Paris, 1916, cxxv, 366. Allevi, Giovanni. L'Assistenza sanitaria in guerra. La Sanita Militare, la Croce Rossa, la Croce di Malta, la rieducazione dei'mutilati. Firenze, [1916]. Amar, Jules. Appareils de prothese du membre superieur. Academic des Sciences, Comptes rendus, Paris, 1916, clxii, 401-405. Care of the wounded in France; methods and instruments for aiding men who have lost hands or arms. Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1916, Ixxxii, 348-350. La prothese et le travail des mutiles. Conference faite pour les ceuvres de mutiles, le 12 Janvier 1916. Paris, 1916. La reeducation des blesses et mutile's de la guerre. Revue Scientifique, Paris, 1916, liv, 363-367. La reeducation prof essionnelle des blesses et des mutiles de la guerre. Journal de Physiologic et de Pathologic Generate, Paris, 1915. xvi, 821-836. La reeducation professionnelle des mutilea de guerre. Bulletin de la Societe d' Encouragement pour 1'Industrie Nationale, Paris, 1917, cxxvii, 94-124. - Organisation de 1'apprentissage des estrqpie"s de la guerre. (Travail du Laboratoire des recherches du Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers.) Paris, 1915. Organisation physiologique du travail. Paris, 1917. Organization of the training of the disabled. Military Hospitals Commission, Special Bulletin, Ottawa, 1916, p. 29-50. Organization of vocational training for war cripples. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1916, iii, 176-183. J Compiled by Douglas C. McMurtrie, of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men. 77 78 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Amar, Jules. Re-education of members partly amputated. Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1917, Ixxxiii, 101. Technique d'education sensitive pour amputes et aveugles. Academic de Paris, Compte rendu, Paris, 1916, clxiii, 335-338. American Type Founders Company, Jersey City, N. J. Information regarding the possibilities of printing as an occupation for disabled soldiers. [1917.] American (the) war cripple. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v. 213. An die Kriegsbeschadigten. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, i, no. 19. An die Kriegsverletzten. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 14. An die kriegsverletzten Handworker! Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 12. Andt, R. Weihnachten vor der Tur! Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 9. Describes and illustrates products of crippled workers. Anspruch (der) der Offiziere auf Lieferung von Ersatzgliedern, Stiitzapparaten usw. sowie auf orthopadisches Schuhzeug. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 65-66. Anspriiche der invaliden Kriegsteilnehmer aus der reichsgesetzlichen Invalidenver- sicherung. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 1. Appareil pour les blesses. Le Courier du Livre, Paris, 1917, xix, 1311. Appelius. Streben nach Rente nicht das hochste Ziel des Kriegsverletzten. Lii- loecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 6. Arbeiterschaft und Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Soziale Praxis, Leipzig, 1915, xxiv, 1080-1082. Arbeitsgeber unti Kriegsbeschadigte. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i. no. 14. Arbeitsgemeinschaften der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung 1916, ii, no. 5. Arends. Arbeitsvermittlung fiir Kruppel. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1914, vii, 202-207. Der Kruppel als Handwerker. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1914, vii, 186-202. Armlose (der) als Invalidentroster. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 275-276. Army and Navy Pensioners' and Time-Expired Men's Employment Society. London. Annual report, 1917. Arnozan, X. L'Ecole de reeducation professionnelle et les osuvres d'assistance pour les mutiles a Bordeaux. Journal de Medecine de Bordeaux, 1916, Ixxxvii, 139-141. Art (!') et la Femme. Numero special illustre de ses ceuvres de guerre, et speciale- ment de son atelier de mutiles; Juin 1916. Paris, 1916. Association (!') nationale [des mutiles de la guerre]. Journal des Mutiles, Reformer et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 3, p. 3. Association des (Euvres de la Croix Verte. Paris. Compte rendu de 1'assemblee generale statutaire du 29 mai 1915. Compte rendu de 1'assemblee generale statutaire du 30 juin 1916. Compte rendu de Passemblee generale statutaire du 4 juin 1917. Association Parisienne d'assistance aux Mutiles. Paris. Statute. [1917.] Association pour 1'Assistance aux Mutiles Pauvres. Paris. Rapport sur les travaux et la situation de 1'ceuvre. February, 1917. Auer, E. Kriegsinvalide als Staatsarbeiter. Pfalzische Post, Ludwigshafen a. R., August 30, 1917. Aus dem Arbeitsgebiet der Kiiegsverletztenfiirsorge. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 6. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 1. Ertuchtigungsspiele der Kriegskriippel. Monats- blatter fiir Invaliden- und Kriippelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 19-22. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 2. Lazarett-beschaftigung. Monatsblatter fiir In- validen- und Kruppelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 42-44. Ausbildung von kriegsverletzten Offizieren zu Leiterh von Arbeitenachweisen. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 222. Ausbildung kriegsverletzter Gartner. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 208. Ausbildungsfragen. Ausbildung kriegsverletzter Offiziere fiir stadtisclxe Betriebe (Gasingenieure). Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 208. Ausbildungsfragen. Hochschulkurse fiir Kriegsbeschadigte an der Technischen Hochschule in Danzig.. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 193. Ausbildungsfragen. Lehrgang fiir kriegsbeschadigte Offiziere, Unteroffiziere und Mannschaften. Deutecher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 181. Ausbildungsfragen. Vorbereitung zur Kriegsreisepriifung. 1. In Berlin. 2. In Frankfurt a. M. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 169. Ausstellung fiir Kriegsf iirsorge, Koln, 1916. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 343-346. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 79 Australia. Parliament. War Committee. The war. Returned soldiers; recom- mendations * * * re-employment. Melbourne, 1915. Aust rian provision for war cripples. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1915, ii, 47-48. Barhniaier, Roman. Programm und Organisation einer Heilschule fiir Kriegs- besohadigte. Padagogisches aus der Rriegsyerwiindetenfursorge. Halle a. 8., 1916. Rack to the land from the trenches. Survey, New York, 1916, xxxvi, 327-328. RaekhAOBen. Kriegsbeschadigte ala Erzieher in Fursorgeer/iehungsanstalten. Amtlic-he Mitteilungen fiir kriegsbeschadigte oder versorgungsberechtigte Militar- porsonen und fiir Hinterbliebene von Heeresangehorigen, Berlin, 1917, i, 1-3. Peter. Die Behandlung der Kriegsverwundeten im Kriippelheim 'Annastift/ Hannover. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 49-54. Kann unsere Rasse dureh erworbenes Kruppeltum geschiidigt werden? Monateblatter fiir Invaliden- und Kriippelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 28-31. Bader. Kurzer Bericht iiber die bisherigen Leistungen der Kriegsbeschiidigten- fiirsorge in Bayern. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 172-174. Baelir. Ludwig. ''Du bist yerwundet? " Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 6. von Baeyer. Die orthopadische Nachbehandlung von Kriegsverletzten. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig u. Hamburg, 1915, viii, 59-62. Bailliere, G. J.-B. La responsabilite des oauvres de reeducation des mutiles de guerre an point de vue des accidents. Annales d'Hygiene Publique et de Mdecine Legale, Paris, 1917, xxvii, 190-192. f Balz, Andre. Lea mutiles et 1'instruction publique. Journal des Mutiles, Reformea et Blesses de Guerre. Paris, 1917, no. 15. p. 7-8. Bangert, Karl E. Spiel nnd Ernst in der Lazarettbeschaftigung. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 26-32. arres, jMaurice, and Louis '. Barres, Maurice, and Louis Barthou, Frederic Masson, Hebrard de Villeneuve, and others. La Federation Nationale d 'Assistance aux Mutiles des Armees de Terre et de Mer. Paris, 1917. Barton, George Edward. Re-education; an analysis of the institutional system of the United States. Boston, 1917. Batiffol, Louis. Lea mu tiles de la guerre sous 1'ancien regime. Revue Hebdom- adaire, Paris, 1917 : xxi, 456-480. Battersea Polytechnic. London. Report on the training of disabled soldiers and sailors^ July^ 1917. Battistini, Ferdlnando. Per l'oj>era di assistenza dei mutilati in guerra conferenza di propaganda tenuta nei principal! cenlri del Piemonte. Torino, 1916. La rieducazione professional degli invalid! della guerra. Reprint: Bolle- tino dell'Ordine dei Medici della Provincia di Torino, 1916, v, no. 3. Ba\rische Kriegsinvalidenfiirsorge. Korrespondenz fiir Kriegswohlfahrtspflege, Berlin, 1915, i, 111-112. Bedeutung (die) der Werkstattbeschaftigung fur Kriegsinvalide. Liibecker Lazarett- Zeitung, 1916, i, no. 16. Beer, Berthold, Entkriippelungsstellen. Zur Heilung scheinbar dauernd Ver- kruppelter. Osterreichische Rundschau, Wien, 1914, xli, 243-248. Beitrage zur Frage der Austriistung armverletzter Kilegsbeschudigter fiirs Erwerbs- leben. Verein zur Beforderung des Gewerbleisses, \ erhandlungen, Berlin, 1916, p. 11-62. Belgian institute for disabled soldiers at Vernon. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 336. Belgian scheme for disabled soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 236. Belgian school for the mutilated. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 1031. Belot, J. and Privat. La mecanotherapie agricole. Paris Medical, 1916, vi, pt. 2, 498-501. La mecanotherapie agricole. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 181-192. Beratungsstelle fiir Kriegsbeschadigte der Genossenschaft Deutscher Bimnenangehori- gen. Zeitschrift fur Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 209-212. Bemtungsstelle fiir Kriegsverletzte in Miinchen. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutsch- land, Berlin, 1915, ii, 122. von Berg. Der Kriegsbeschadigte in der Landwirtschaft. Konigsberg i. Pr., 1916. Bericht iiber die Sitzung des Deutschen Hilfsbundes fiir kriegsverletzte Offiziere, E. V. am 9. Juni 1917 im Saale der Handelskammer Stuttgart. Deutscher Hilfs- bund, BerUn, 1917, ii, 385-391. 80 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILOBS. Bernhard. Business organization of the workshops connected with the Royal Ortho- pedic Reserve Hospital at Niirnberg. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 197-200. Die geschaftliche Organisation des Werkstatten-Betriebes im k. orthopa- dischen Reserve-Lazarett Nurnberg. In: Kriegsinvalidenfiirsorge, Wiirzburg, 1915, p. 29-34. Berr, Emile. Un cultivateur sans mains. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Victimea de la Guerre, Paris, 1917, no. 31, p. 1-2. Berthault, Pierre. La readaptation des mutiles. Journal d'Agriculture Pratique, Paris, 1917, Ixxxi, 16-17. Berufswechsel der Kriegsbeschadigten. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 6. Beschaftigung von Kriegsbeschadigten in der Staatsbahnverwaltung. Der Arbeita- nachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, ^1915, ii, 215. Beschaftigungsmoglichkeiten fiir kriegsverletzte gewerbliche Arbeiter. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 6; no. 7. Bestrebungen zur Fiirsorge fiir Kriegsinvalide. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 63-66. Betelle, J. 0. Re-education of the adult a war necessity. The American Architect, New York, 1917, cxii, 139-140. Bickes, Theodor. Die Leistungen des Wiirttembergischen Roten Kreuzes in der Kriegshilfe. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 76-79. Biener. Die Kriegsbeschadigtenf ursorge im Handwerk. Reichsausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 165-171. Bier. Prophylaxe des Kriegskriippeltums vom chirurgischen Standpunkte. Zeit- schrift fiir arztliche Fortbildung, Jena, 1915, xii, 161-164. Biesalski, Konrad. Die ethische und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Kriegskriippel- fiirsorge. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 99-100. Die ethische und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Kriegskriippelf iirsorge, und ihre Organisation im Zusammenhang mit der gesamten Kriegshilfe. Leipzig, 1915. Die Fiirsorge fiir unsere heimkehrenden Krieger, insbesondere die Kriegs- kriippelf ursorge. ^ Leipzig, 1915. Grundsatzliches iiber die Anwendung von Kunstgliedern. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 122-128. Hilfsmittel und Aussichten der Kriegskriippelfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, yiii, 133-142. Kriegskriippelf ursorge. Ein Aufklarungswort zum Troste und zur Mahnung, Leipzig, 1915. Praktische Vorschlage fur die Inangriffnahme der Kriegskriippelfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 2-14. Die Stellung des Arztes in der Kriegskriippelfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir arzt- liche Fortbildung, Jena, 1915, xii, 353-359. Wie helfen wir unsere Kriegskruppel? Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1914, vii, 277-288. Biot, P. L'Ecole professionnelle des blesses de la XVI e region. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1917, no. 16, p. 4. L'Institut professionnel des invalides de la guerre a St. Maurice. Journal des Mutiles, Reforme's et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 10, p. 3. Birnbaum, Harry. Providing for the war cripple. Government preparing for the future of wounded soldiers and sailors. Friars' Epistle, New York, 1917, no. 10, p. 23-24. von Bissing, Freifrau Alice. Die Aufklarung der Angehorigen unserer Kriegsbe- schadigten iiber erworbenes Kriippeltum. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge. Leipzig, 1916, ix, 264-270. Die Notwendigkeit der Aufklarung der Frauen hinsichtlich der Kriegs- beschadigtenfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 24-27. Bittard, A.-L. Les blesses au travail. La Revue, Paris, 1916, ser. 8, cxiv, 465-482. L'Ecole des blesses. Journal des Internes Francais, Berne, 1917, no. 40, p. 840-842. Les ecoles de blesses. Pensions, prothese, apprentissage. placement. Paris, 1916. La reeducation professionnelle des mutiles et la renovation de 1'apprentissage. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e annee, no. 10, p. 54-58. Blaum, Kurt. Kriegswohlfahrtspflege und Armenpflege in der Kriegsbeschadigtenf ur- sorge. .Zeitschrift fiir Kriippeliiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 107-111. Blind, tiber Kriegskriippelf iirsorge. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1915, Hi, 755-757. Bohm, Max, and W. Michaelis. Die Ausbildung des Einarmers zum Landwirt. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 49-58; 99-106. VOCATIONAL KH H AB1 L1TAT1ON OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILOKS. 81 Bois-Rcymond, R. du. Zur Verwundetenfiirsorge. Berliner klinische Wochen- Hchrift, 1915, lii, 650-051. Booth, Percival. Der Erlass des KOniglichen Ministeriums des Innern im K6ni,<;reieh Saehsen vom 10. November 1913 iiber Erleichterungen im Kleinwohnungsbau in peiner Bedeutung fiir die Wqhnunj'sfursorge nach dem Kriege. Leipzig, 1916. Borne. Ateliers-ecoles professionals. Revue d'Hygiene et de Police Sanitaire, Paris, 1915. xxxvii, 161-171. De la r&ulaptation et de la reeducation an travail des blesses et des mutile"s de la guerre. Pans Medical, August 21, 1915, p. 293-298. De la reeducation et de la readaptation au travail des blesses et des mutiles de la guerre. Revue d'Hygiene et de Police Sanitaire, Paris, 1915, xxxvii, 81-112; 159-161; 372-401. Reeducation et la readaptation au travail des blesses et des mutiles de la guerre. Bulletin de la Societe d' Encouragement pour 1' Industrie Nationale, Paris, 1915, v, 64 7 86. Bottger, Hugo. Die soziale Kriegshilfe und die Kopfarbeiter. Monatsblatter fiir Invaliden-und Kriipp>elhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 34-37. Boureau. La reeducation agricole des mutiles. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 98-129. Bourillon, Maurice. Comment reeduquer nos invalides de la guerre. Paris, 1916. t La culture mecanique et les invalides de la guerre. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 173-180. Functional readaptation and professional re-education of the disabled victims of the war. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1916, iii, 23-38. Functional readaptation and professional re-education of the disabled victims of the war. In: The provision of employment for members of the Canadian Ex- peditionary Force * * * Ottawa, 1915, p. 30-37. La reeducation professionnelle des invalides de la guerre. Revue Philan- thropique, Paris, 1915, xxxvi, 351-366; 1916, xxxvii, 24-35. La reediication professionnelle des invalides de la guerre. (Abstract.) La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e annee, no. 9, p. 75-76. Les methodes de reeducation professionnelle des amputes. Paris Medical, 1916, vi, pt. 2, 487-490. Vocational re-education. Military Hospitals Commission, Special Bulletin, Ottawa, 1916, p. 75-89. Boyden, P. Hamilton. Disablement in the Royal British Navy. A note on the re-education and employment of crippled soldiers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 297. Disablement in the royal navy; a note on the re-employment of crippled sailors. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 230-231. The treatment and training of the disabled. No. 6: The Inter-Allied Con- ference. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 72-74. Boywidt, Hans. Der Krieg und seine Weisungen an die Berufsgenossensehaften. Berlin, 1916. Brandt, Lilian. The inter-allied conference on war cripples. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 111-118. Braun. Adolph. Arbeiter- und Kriegsinvalidenfra^en. Neue Zeit, Berlin, xxxiii, 545-550. Brereton, Mrs. M. A. Cloudesley. Future of our disabled sailors and soldiers. A description of the training and instruction classes at Queen Mary's Convalescent Auxiliary Hospitals, Roehampton, and at Queen Mary's Workshops, Pavilion Military Hospital, Brighton, for sailors and soldiers who have lost their limbs in the war. London, 1917. Provision for British crippled soldiers and sailors at Queen Mary's Convales- cent Auxiliary Hospitals, Roehampton; and Queen Mary's Workshops, Pavilion Military Hospital, Brighton. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 124-132. Breton, Jean. A Farriere. Paris, 1916. A 1'ecole des mutiles. Revue de Paris, 1916, anne"e 23, tome 1, 585-598. A 1'ecole des mutiles. Revue de Paris, 1916, annee 23, tome 1, 585-598. Brettner. Es gibt keine Kriippel mehr. Uber Land und Meer, Stuttgart, 1915, xxxii, 590-592. Breuil, J. L'Ecole professionnelle de blesses de la guerre a Rouen. Rouen, 1916. Bridge, A. H. Electrical training for disabled men. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Chicago, 1917, Ixx, 873. Brisac, J. Les services d'assistance et les oeuvres de guerre. Revue Philanthropique, Paris, 1916, xxxvii, 65-95. 42297 S. Doc. 166, 65-2 G 82 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Broca, A., and Ducroquet. La prothese des amputes en chirurgie de guerre. Paris, 1917. Brock, L. G. The re-education of the disabled. Nineteenth Century and After, London, 1916, Ixxx, 822-835. . The re-education of the disabled. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 19-36. Burci, E. Assistenza rieducazione e patronato dei soldati divenuti invalidi per ferite in guerra. Lq Sperimentale, Firenze, 1916, Ixx, 159-171. Burkhard, O. Uber die Schulung Kriegsinvaliden. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1916, xxix, 99-103. Burkhardt, G. Der Lazarettunterricht fiir Kriegsverstummelte in Freiburg i. Br. Frankfurter Zeitung, December 9, 1914. Der Lazarettunterricht fiir Kriegsverstummelte in Freiburg i. Br. Zeit- schriftfiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 43-47. Reprinted from Frankische Kurier, January 16, 1915. Burt, Cyril L. Educative convalescence. Chailey, 1917. Educative convalescence for crippled soldiers at the Heritage Craft Schools, Chailey, Sussex, England. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 161-164. Bussiere, Francis. Sur 1' organisation d'un prthopedique pour nos grands blesses. Revue Philanthropique, Paris, 1916, xxxvii, 417-426. Biittner, F. Das Schreiben mit der linken Hand. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 273-275. Camus, Jean. Allocution de Monsieur le Professeur agrege" Jean Camus a 1' Assemblee generale ordinaire des Membres de 1' Union des Colonies Etrangeres en France en faveur des vie times de la guerre le 9 Decembre 1916. Paris, 1916. Les e" coles de reeducation professionnelle de T union des colonies etrangere. Paris Medical Medical, 1916, vi, pt. 2, p. 504-509. Les ecoles de reeducation professionnelle de 1'union des colonies etrangeres. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 201-217. Reeducations fonctionnelle. et professionnelle. Paris Medical, 1916, vi, pt. 2, 470-478. Reeducations fonctionnelle et professionnelle. In: Reeducation fonction- nelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 12-57. Le role des medecins dans la reeducation professionnelle. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 9-11. Camus, Jean, and Maurice Bourillon and others. Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses. Paris, 1917. Canada. Military Hospitals Commission. Bulletin, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 1916. Report of the work of the Military Hospitals Commission, Canada, May, 1917. Ottawa, 1917. Canada. Parliament. Preliminary and second report of the special committee of the House of Commons of Canada on the care and treatment of returned soldiers, 1917. Ottawa, 1917. Returned Soldiers. Proceedings of the special committee appointed to consider, inquire into, and report upon the reception, treatment, care, training, and re-education of the wounded, disabled, and convalescent who have served in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, and the provision of employment for those who have been honorably discharged, and the training and re-education of ^ those so discharged who are unable to engage in their former^ occupation. Comprising the evidence taken and statements submitted in connection therewith. Ottawa, 1917. Canada's military convalescent hospitals. Construction, Toronto, 1917, x, 293-311. Canada's military hospital problem. Construction, Toronto, 1917, x, 329. Care for crippled soldiers in Rome. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 368-370. Care of cripples in Germany and Austria. British Medical Journal, London, 1 '10, Care of the. disabled soldier. British Medical Journal, London, 1917, I, 881. Care of war invalids [Germany]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1915, Ixiv, 1341-1342. , ., Carle, M. Les ecoles professionnelles de blesses. Preface de M. Ldouard Herriot. Deuxieme edition, Lyon et Paris, 1915. Vocational schools for war cripples in France. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 165-170. Chance (a) for the war cripple. Every Week, Springfield, Ohio, 1917, no. 23, p. 9. Charnwood, Lord. A general survey. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 2 Chesterton, G. K. The crusade of cripples. Living Age, Boston, 1916, ccxc, 179-181. REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIEBS A.XD SA1LOKS. 83 (hr\ alloy, Giovanni. Le scuole per la rieducazione proiessionale dei inutihtti H doi t'oriti in guerra in Francia. La Scuola di Rieducazione Professional di Torino. Torino, i'JUJ. < htv. des mutile's de la guerre; une fe"te a Maison-Blanche. Le Temps, Paris, July 26, 1917. Christian. Vorschlage zu einer Ausgestaltung der Berufsberatung cler Krie^boschil : liu;- - ten, Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916. ix, 349-355. Clever substitutes for hands and arms. Watchmaking for cripples at Lyons. Jewelers' < iivuhu-, New York, May 23, 1917, p. 114-115. Clifford, W. G. The ex-soldier; by himself. A practical study of the past and future of the ex-soldier with special reference to the situation created by the world war. London, 1916. idy, Em. L'CBuvre municipale lyonnaise de reeducation professionnelle dea inutile^ de la guerre. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e annee, no. 10, p. 48-53. Colette, Marc-Edward. Pour et par les mu tiles. Le Pays, Paris, August 8, 1917. Cornitato delle Piemontese per FAssistenza ai Lavoratori Mutilati in Guerra. Torino. Decreto 28 Giugno 1916 del Prefetto di Torino che conferisce la capacita giuridica al Comitato e ne appro va le norme statutaire, 1916. Relazione morale finanziaria per 1'esercizio 1916 della Commissione Esecutive al Comitato Generate. 11 Febbraio 1917, Una sezione speciale per la rieducazione ai lavori agricoli, per i soldati muti- lati e storpi gia agricoltori. [Broadside.] 1915. Tre anni dopo (dial ogo fra due soldati). 1916. Comitato Lombard o per i Soldati Mutilati in Guerra. Milano. Milano e la Lom- bardia per i eoldati mutilati in guerra. Relazione dell' opera svolta sino al 3.1 Marzo 1917. Milano e le Provincie Lombarde per i lavoratori mutilati in guerra. [1916.] Comitato Provinciale di Venezia per 1'Assistenza ai Lavoratori Mutilati in Guerra. Venezia. Statute, n. d. Conference Interallied pour FEtude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Ques- tions qui Interessent lea Invalides de la Guerre. Vceux emis en seance pleniere du 11 Mai 1917. Paris, 1917. Conference on War Relief and Personal Service, organized by charity organization societies and guilds of help, Caxton Hall, Westminster, June 10-12, 1915. Lon- don, 1915. Conner, Lewis A. Trade training and employment for cardiacs; the "Sharonware" Shop and its workers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 203-205. Cook, Thos. Alex. Local committees at work. No. 5: The Borough of West Ham. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 50-51. Courson, Comtesse de. The broken men of France.- Living Age, Boston, 1916, eclxxxix, 157-164. Craft (a) lor ex-soldiers. Nation, London, 1916, xix, 101. Crippled and maimed soldiers and sailors [Scotland]. British Medical Journal, Lon- don, 1916, I, 393-394; 503-504; 536. Cripples made by the war. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1915, Ixi v, 923. Cripples (the) of France. Outlook, New York, 1916, cxii, 543-544. Cruickshank, G. Local committees at work. No. 3: County of Haddington. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917. i, 26-27. Curative workshops. British Medical Journal, London, 1917, I, 585-586. Curdt, Rudolf. Aus den Werkstatten des Landesausschusses far Kriegsverletzte. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 3. - Der Weihnachtsmann hi den Werkstatten. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeituu?, 1917, ii, no. 15. [Czarnpmska, I. I. The workshop for the industrial education of cripples at the Maximilian Hospital at St. Petersburg twelve years of activity.] Reprint: [Ar- chives of Surgery] St. Petersburg, 1910, xxvi, 1025-1033. Dalla Vedova R. Per Fassistenza al reduci storpi e mutilati. II Policlinico, Rome, 1915, xxi, 1021-1027. Daimischke, A. Kriegerheimstatteuheft des Jahrbuches des Bodenrefonns. Jena, 1915. Dan tin, Ch. La reeducation professionnelle des mutiles de la guerre. Le G6nie Civil, Paris, 1915, Ixvii, 129-134. Darwin, Leonard. The disabled sailor and soldier and the future of the race. Eu- genics Review, London, 1917, ix, 1-17. 84 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. Dean, T. Norman. Restoring the injured to industry. American Industries, New York, 1917, xviii, no. 2, 10-12. Deere to Luogotenenziale che stabilisce le categoric d'infermita per i militari mutilati o invalidi a causa della guerra o di altri eventi di seryizip. Bolletino della Federa- zione Nazionale del Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 152-158. Delterne, Armand. The Anglo-Belgian hospital at Rouen. Military Hospitals Com* mission, Special Bulletin, Ottawa, 1916, p. 51-74. Demmig. Kami ich als Kriegsbeschadigter Beamter werden? Oldenburg i. Gr. , 1916 Demuth. Die Verwendung von Omzieren im Handel. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 274-278. Denker. Kriegerheimstatten. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 5. Dennis, J. S. Provision for crippled soldiers by the Military Hospitals Commission of Canada. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, V, 177-178. Dental mechanics' school for disabled soldiers. Dental Digest, New York, 1917, xxiii, 705. Dermietzel. Die Hilfstatigkeit der Arbeitsnachweise. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippel- fiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, yiii, 173-176. Dernburg. Stadtische Siedelung. Reichsausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenfur- sorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 60-66. Derose, P. Le inutile" et le mariage. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1917, no. 23, p. 2. Des Ombiaux, Maurice. Un royaume en exil. Paris, 1917. Deutsche (der) Hilfsbund fiir kriegsverletzte Offiziere, E. V. Plutus, Berlin, August 1, 1917. Deutsche (der) Hilfsbund fiir kriegsverletzte Offiziere im Jahre 1916. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 1-4. Deval, Pierre. Le traitement des blesses et le travail agricole. Petite Gironde, Bordeaux, July 5, 1917. Development of plans for the benefit of disabled sailors and soldiers [Great Britain], /*VL. ,*. -^Tjt /~\,*~ -~~J-' A T> -.*_ T J T m f* . r rrr Conseil municipal et au mutiles. Paris, 1915. Rapport presente a 1'Office departemental, au Conseil municipa r l et au Conseil general sur le fonctionnement de la section des mutiles et de 1'Ecole de reeducation de la place du Puits-de-rErmite. Paris, 1916. Devine, Edward T. The Red Cross Institute for Crippled Soldiers and Sailors. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 109-110. Dew, L. E. Making cripples into workingmen. Technical World, Chicago, 1914; xxi, 842-843. Dexter, D. E. Lost his legs, but not his ambition. American Magazine, New York, 1917, Ixxxiv, no. 5, p. 55-56-. Dietz. Bisherige Leistungen in der Kriegskriippelfursorge. 1. Kriegshilfe in Hessen. Monatsbliitter fiir Invaliden- und Kriippelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 17-19. Disabled (the) Canadian soldier. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 280-284. Disabled French soldier. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 237. Disabled sailor and soldier. Lancet, London, 1917, cxcii, 315. Disabled (the) soldier. New Statesman, London, 1917, viii, 500-561. Dobell, W. M. Report on European work. Military Hospitals Commission, Special Bulletin, Ottawa, 1916, p. 11-28. Doring. Die Verwendungsmoglichkeit der Kriegsbeschadigten im Handel. Reich- sausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenf iirsorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 159-165. Doty, Madeleine Z. War cripples. New Republic, New York, 1915, v, 38-39. Drehmann. Die Versorgung der Kriegsbeschadigten mit Ersatzgliedern und ortho- padischen Apparaten. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 70-74. Dressier, A., and P. Ewald. Der spiitere Beruf der schwerbeschadigten Kriegsin- validen. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 169-177. Dronsart, Ed. Le perfectionnement des appareils orthopediques pour la ree*duca- tion professionnelle. In: Bulletin de l'(Euvre des Mutiles de la Guerre de la XVI 6 Region a Montpellier, October, 1916, p. 23-35. La reeducation des mutiles de la guerre. Reprint: Revue Meridionale des Idees, Montpellier, 1916. Dumont-Wilden, L. The future of our crippled heroes. Everyman, London, 1916, viii, Belgian supplement, p. liii-liv. Dynamographic platform a device for teaching war cripples to walk. Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1917, Ixxxiii, 29. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 85 von Eberts, E. M. Functional re-education and vocational training of soldiers dis- abled in war. Canadian Medical Association Journal, Toronto, 1917, vii, 193-200. Echtermeyer, Th. Der Gartenbau fiir Kriegsbeschadigte. Liibecker Lazarett- Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 5. Ecole d'Apprentissage pour les Mutiles de la Guerre. Paris. Les metiers du bois. n. d. Ecole professionnelle de blesses de la XVI e Region a Montpellier. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 191(5, 13 annee, no. 9, p. 65-68. ]cole (!') de reeducation professionnelle de Nancy. Journal des Mutil^s, Re-forme's , et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 11, p. 3. Ecoles (les) de blesses a Lyon. Journal des Mutiles Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, , Paris, 1917 no. 21, p. 4. Ecoles lyonnaises de reeducation professionnelle. Journal des Debats, Paris, August 26, 1917. Educative convalescence; Heritage Craft Schools. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 56. Egan, Eleanor F. Seven million hornets. Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia, 1916, clxxxix, no. 23, p. 25-30. Einarmige in der Landwirtschaft. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deittschland, Berlin, 1915, il, 241. Ein Jahr Kriegsin valid enf iirsorge, Stuttgart, 1916. Emploi (!') des mutiles dans les etablissements industriels et commerciaux. France. Ministere de TrUvail, Bulletin, Paris, 1916, xxiii, 225-231. Emploi (!') obligatoire des mutiles. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 10, p. 1. Employment for disabled soldiers and sailors: summary of report of Sir George Mur- ray's committee. Britannic Review, London, 1915, ii, 410-412. Employment (the) of partly disabled soldiers in German street and engineering works. A Krupp company scheme. Iron and Coal Trade Review, London, 1916, xcii, 37. Employment for the handicapped: a selected bibliography. Bulletin of the Russell Sage Foundation Library, New York, February, 1917, no. 21. Employment of German war cripples. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 365. Employment of returned soldiers. Labour Gazette, Ottawa, 1917, xviii, 284-285. ^ Employment of war cripples. . Journal of the American Medical Association, Chi- cago, 1915, Ixv, 348. Engelhart, G. Gemeindevorsteher- und Biirgermeisterstellen. Deutscher Hilfs- bund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 81-83. Entwurf (der) des Kapitalabfmdungsgesetzes. Reichstag, 13. Legislaturperiode. II. Session 1914-1915. Zeitschrift fur Kruppelf iirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 205-209. Erfolg der Verwundetenpflege. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, i, no. 23. Ergebnisse der Kriegsinvalidenf iirsorge im Kgl. orthopadischen Reservelazarett Niirnberg. Wiirzburg, 1916. Ernest-Charles, J. La reeducation professionnelle des mutiles et 1' Union des Colonies Etrangeres en France. Paris, 1917. Erskine House: the Princess Louise Scottish Hospital. Scottish Country Life, Glas- gow, 1916, iii, 321-324. Erster Bericht tiber die Prasidialsitzung und 1. Mitgliederversammlung des Deuts- chen Hilfsbundes fiir kriegsverletzte Offiziere, E. V. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Ber- lin, 1917, ii, 241-249. Eureka (pseud.). Les mutiles peuvent faire de la bicyclette. Journal des Mutiles Reformes, et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 4, p. 10. Euting, Ernst. Fiirsorgemoglichkeiten fiir kriegsbeschadigte Berufsmusiker. Zeit- . schrift fiir Kruppelf iirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 555-562. Evaluation scientifique des pensions et indemnites des reformes de la guerre. La Nature, Paris, 1917, xlv, 49-52. Ewald. Der Arzt als Sozialpolitiker. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 6. liber mehrfach Verstiimmelte und ihren spateren Beruf. Liibecker Laza- rett-Zeitung, 1916, i, no. 20. Exposition (!') des travaux des mutiles. Journal des Mutiles, R'f>rm<'s ct Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 2, p. 5 Fahrpreisermiissigung fiir deutsche Kriegsbeschadigte. I. Deutscher Hilfshund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 109. Fahvpreisermiissigung fiir deutsche Kriegsbeschadigte. II. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 121. Farm work for discharged soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 56. 86 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. | F('d ('ration Nationale d' Assistance aux Mutiles. Paris. Aux infirmieres des hopi- taux militaires et auxiliaires. n.d. Bulletin No. 1. February 15, 1917. Bulletin No. 3. June 15, 1917. Bulletin No. 4. August 15, 1917. La Federation Nationale a 1' Exposition des Travaux de Mutiles ouverte par la Municipalite Parisienne an Musee Galliera. n.d. Notice. January 1, 1917. Statute. 1916. Felton, Howard C. Helping crippled soldiers; how the disabled victims of the great war are restored to a life of useful work and healthful play. Munsey's Magazine, New York, 1916, Ivii, 240-250. Ferenczi, Einerich. Programm f iir eine systematische Invalidenfiirsorge in Ungarn. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppeliursorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 253-259. Staatliche Invalidenfiirsorge in Ungarn. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 145-153. Die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Kriegsinvaliden. Pester Lloyd, December 8, 1914. Ferrannini, Luigi. La rieducazione professional degli invalidi della guerra. Milano, 1916. Finding work for men crippled in war. American Review of Reviews, New York, 1916, liii, 226-228. Fischbacher. Wie wird flir die Angehorigen unserer Krieger gesorgt? Berlin, 1917. Fischer. Allgemeines fiber die Kriegsinvalidenfursorge in Niirnberg. In: Krieg- sinvalidenfiirsorge, Wurzburg, 1915, p. 1-8. Die Arbeitsnachweis fiir Kriegsbeschadigte. Reichsausschuss der Kriegs- beschadigte nfiirsorge. Sonderschriften, Heft, 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 171-179. Fitzpatrick, W. Repatriation of the disabled soldier in Australia; vocational train- ing, employment, afforestation, land settlement. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 244-282. The repatriation of the soldier, vocational training, employment, afforesta- tion, land settlement. (Victorian State War Council.) Melbourne, 1917. Flemrning. Wie Kriegsbeschadigte und Unfallveiietzte auch bei Verstiimmelung ihr Los verbessern konnen. Saarbriicken, 1916. Flesch. Die Stellung der Armenpflege. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig:, 1915, viii, 176-181. Fontane, Ed. La responsabilite des ceuyres de reeducation des mutiles de guerre au point de vue des accidents. Paris Medical, 1916, vi, pt. 2, 496. La responsibility des ceuvres de reeducation des mutiles de guerre au point de vue des accidents. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation profession- nelle des blesses. Paris, 1917, p. 68-72. Forster, Hans. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 9. Mehr Arbeitstherapie fiir die Fried enskriippel! Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 307-310. For war cripples. Charity Organization Bulletin, New York r June 27, 1917, no. 182, p. 2-3. For war cripples in Philadelphia. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v. 213. Forbin, V. L'Enseignement professionnel des blesses de la guerre. La Nature, Paris, 1916, xxxxiv, 236-238. Forster, Hans. Die Selbsthilfe. Monatsblatter fiir Invaliden- und Kruppelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 47-48. France. Rapport fait au nom de la commission du travail chargee d' examiner: 1. La proposition de loi de M. Adrien Pressemane et plusieurs de ses collegues, tendant a assurer 1'emploi obligatoire des mutiles de guerre; 2. La proposition de loi de Maurice Violette tendant a creer ur. office national pour le placement des reformes de la guerre, par M. Durafour, depute". Documents Parlementaires, Chambre, sess. ord., Paris, October 15, 1916, p. 1429-1444. Ministere de 1'Interieur. Centres et ecoles de reeducation professionnelle pour les soldats mutiles. [Map.] n. d. Office National des Mutiles et Reformes de la Guerre. Agriculteurs mutiles, ne changez pas de metier! Bordeaux, 1917. Bulletin No. 1. Annee 1916. [Report for 1916.] Paris, 1917. Comites departementaux et locaux. Paris, 1916. Legislation. Documentation Interallied relative aux Invalides de la Guerre, no. 1, Paris, 1917. France's crippled soldiers. Outlook, New York, 1916, cxiii, 299-300. VOCATIONAL BEHABIl.lf 'ATIOX OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 87 I'ran.coschini, Giovanni. Per la rieducazione del mntllati. II metodo italiano di pruti'si con movimenti. Nuova Antologia, Roma, 1916, ser. 6, clxxxi, 412-421. Franz, S. J. Re-education and rehabilitation of cripples maimed and otherwi.-e disabled by war. Volta Review, Washington, xix, 385-:>~ lorf. Die Beteiligung der Arbeitnehmer. Zeitschrift fur Kiiippeifursoxge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 169-172. Frei, Hans. Praktische Erwerbsfiirsorge fiir die Kriegsbesch-idigten. Zeitsc-hrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 56-60. French (the) system of dealing with disabled soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, ii, 492-493. Fryer, C. E. Returned soldiers in Canada. New Republic, New York, 1917, x, 13-15. Furniss, H. S. The scandal of the disabled. Nation, London, 1917, xx, 581. >rge fiir unsere Kriegsverletzten. Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin, viii, 148-157. Future (the) of the crippled soldier. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v. 365-366. Future (the) of the crippled soldier. Medical Record, New York, 1917, xcii, 249. Future of disabled soldiers. Modern Hospital, St. Louis, ix, 124-125. Future of the incompletely recovered injured soldier. Lancet. London, 1915, clxxxix, 152-153. Future (the) of the war cripple. Lancet, London, 1916, cxci, 649. Galeazzi, Riccardo. Come si rieducano i soldati mutilati. Firenze, [1916]. Le moderne provvidenze social! per i mutilati in guerra. Atti della Societa lombarda di Scienze mecliche e biologiche, Milano, 1915, iv, 180-206. Galloon, Mrs. H. H. Germany in war time. Outlook, New York, 1916 r cxiv. Galsworthy, John. The need for reality. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 21-22. - The need for reality. American Journal of Care for Cripples. New York, 1917, v, 137-138. Remade or marred? A great national duty. The Times, London, October 14, 1916, p. 9, col. 4. Galtier-Boissiere. (Euvres protectrices du soldat. Blesse ou malade. Reforme (reeducation). Prisonnier de guerre. Paris, n. d. Gautrelet, J. Lea bases scientifiques de 1'education professionnelle des mutiles. Bulletin de TAcademie de Medecine, Paris, 1915, 3 e ser., Ixxiii, 663-668. Gelfert, R. Der Geistliche als Fiihrer der Gemeinde. Monatsblatter fiir Invaliden- und Kriippelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 10-12. Gerhardt, Karl. Die Kriegsbeschadigtenfursorge in der Provinz Brandenburg. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 259-266. Germany; Unemployed disabled soldiers in the Rhine Province. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 104. Geschaftsbericht dea Deutschen Hilfsbundes fiir kriegsverletzte Offiziere fur das Jahr 1916. Deutscher Hilsfbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 205-208. Gidey, G. A. Sainte-Adresse. Journal des Mutiles, R^formes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 4, p. 7. L'Ecole d'Annecy. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1917, no. 14, p. 3. Gilbreth, Frank B. M lotion study for the crippled soldier. Journal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1915, xxxvii, 669-675. Motion study for war cripples. Literary Digest, New York, 1916, lii, 169-170. The problem of the crippled soldier; what shall be done with him after the war? Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1915, Ixxx, 402-403. Gilbreth, Frank B., and Lillian M. Gilbreth. The conservation of the world's teeth. A new occupation for crippled soldiers. Trained Nurse and Hospital Review, New York, 1917, lix, 6-11. The engineer, the cripple and the new education. New York, 1917. How to put the crippled soldier on the pay roll. Trained Nurse and Hospital Review, New York, 1917, Iviii, 255-260. Measurement of the human factor in industry. (To be presented at the National Conference of the Western Efficiency Society, May 22-25, 1917.) n. p., n. d. Motion study for crippled soldiers. (A paper presented at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Columbus. Ohio, Decem- ber 27, 1915, to January 1, 1916.) n. p., n. d. The problem of the crippled soldier. Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1917, Ixxxiii, 260-262. 88 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Gillet, D. Kriegsbeschadigte Offiziere als Letter von Arbeitsnachweisen. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 90-91. Glaessner, Paul. Der Arzt imd die Arbeitsvermittlung fiir Kriegsbeschadigte. Zeitschrif t f iir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 300-302. Glass. Einiges zur Wohnungsfrage fur kriegsverletzte Offiziere. Deutscher Hilfs- bund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 416-418. Gleason, Arthur. Remaking France. New York, 1916. Glorieux apprentis. Un congres s'ouvre pour les mutiles. Lectures pour Tons, Paris, 1917, xix, 1027-1032. Goetschy, Fernand. La reeducation des mutiles de la guerre. Reforme Sociale, Paris, 1916, 8 iemc ser., i, 221-257. Gomot, H. La main-d'ceuvre notariale. Petit Journal, Paris, August 17, 1917. Gosling, Harry. Training and trade-unions. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 33-34. Gotter, Karl, and Herold. Die Diisseldorfer Verwundetenschule. Diisseldorf, 1916. Government to re-educate our wounded soldiers. Popular Mechanics, Chicago, 1917, xxviii, 876. Gradenwitz, Alfred. Educating invalid soldiers. How war cripples are taught to do without hands and feet. Scientific American, New York, 1915, cxiii, 229. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. Committee on Land Settlement for Sailors and Soldiers. Final report * * * [on] the settlement and em- ployment on the land in England and Wales of discharged sailors and soldiers [and minutes of evidence]. London, 1916. 3 vols. (Cd. 8182, 8277, 8347.) Local Government Board. Disabled Sailors and Soldiers Committee. Dis- abled sailors and soldiers. Report upon the provision of employment for sailors and soldiers disabled in the war. London, 1915. (Cd. 7915.) Local Government Board. Intelligence Department. Work in France and Germany. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 130-186. Ministry of Labour. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. I. Attendants at electricity sub-stations. April, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. II. Employment in picture theatres. May, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. III. Tailoring. June, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. IV. Agricultural motor tractor work in England and Wales. July, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. V. The furniture trade. September, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. VI. Leather goods trade. September, 1917. Reports upon openings in industry suitable for disabled sailors and soldiers. No. VII. Hand-sewn boot and shoe making and boot and shoe repairing. 1917. Ministry of Pensions. The draft of a royal warrant for the retired pay of officers disabled, and for the pensions of the families and relatives of officers deceased, and for the pensions of nurses disabled, in consequence of the present war. To which are appended an explanatory note and an actuarial report. London, 1917. (Cd. 8631.) The drafts of a royal warrant and of an order in council for the pensions of soldiers and sailors disabled and of the families and dependents of soldiers and sailors deceased in consequence of the present war. To which are appended an explanatory note an an actuarial report. London, 1917. (Cd. 8485.) Instructions and notes on the treatment and training of disabled men. Lon- don, 1917. War Office. Army order. II. Pensions of soldiers disabled, and of the families and dependents of soldiers deceased, in consequence of the present war. May 2, 1917. Army order. V. Royal warrant for the retired pay of officers disabled and for the pensions of the families and relatives of officers deceased, and for the pensions of nurses disabled, in consequence of the present war. August 18, 1917. Guide to civil employment for ex-soldiers. 1913. London, 1913. Griffith-Boscawen, Sir Arthur. [Address at the] Inter- Allied Conference at Paris on the treatment and training of disabled soldiers. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 43-49. A ministry of restoration. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 61-62. Report on the Inter- Allied Conference for the study of professional re-educa- tion, and other questions of interest to soldiers and sailors disabled by the war. (For official use.) London, 1917. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 89 Griffith-Bof>c':>w'M. ^ir Arthur. The treatment and training of the disabled. No. 5: The I liter- A Hied Conference. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 52-54. Griffith- Bosruwen, Sir Arthur, Sir Walter Lawrence, and Sir Arthur Stanley. Recent developments. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 205-212. Grob. Von den Kriippeln firr die Kriippel. i. Lebenskampfer. MonatsbKitter fur Invaliden-und Kruppelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 22-24. Groebety, P. Les emplois civils reserve's aux mutiles de la guerre. I. Journal iorme"s et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 7, p. 4. Grosselfmger, Karl. Aus der Sehule der Einarmigen in Wien. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 597-598. Grundsiitze fiir die Durchfiihrung der Kriegsbeschadigtenansiedlung. Reichsaus- echuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 4, Berlin, 1917. Gualdi, Enrico. Per la rieducazione funzionale e professional del mutilati del- 1' arto superiore. Bolletino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militaii Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 145-149. Guedy, Claire. WTiat Lyons is doing for the wounded and the refugees. Outlook, New York, 1915, cxi, 737-743. Haac, Oscar. 2. Jahresbericht des Arbeitsnachweises fiir genesende Soldaten. Yom Krieg zur Friedensarbeit, Berlin, 1917, iii, 4-5. Haftpflichtversicherung der Kriegsbeschadigten in Westfalen. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 347-349. Haggard, Sir H. Kider. The after-war settlement and employment of ex-service men in the oversea dominions; report to the Royal Colonial Institute. London, 1916. Handelshochschule zu Konigsberg i. Pr. Deutscher Hilfsbund. Berlin, 1917, ii, 181. Handwerkliche Ausbildung Kriegsbeschadigter in Lazaretten. Liibecker Lazarett- Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 14. Hannan, Thomas. Technical schools for maimed soldiers: 1'Ecole Joffre at Lyons. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 3-12. Technical schools for maimed soldiers: 1'Ecole Joffre at Lyons. Contempor- ary Review, London, 1916, ex, 105-112. What France is doing for her wounded : les ecoles professionnelles de blesses. World's Work, London, 1916, xxviii, 293-301. Hansen. Arbeiterversicherung und Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Korrespondenz f iir Kriegswohlfahrtepflege, Berlin, 1916, ii, 1-3. Bisherige Leistungen der Kriegskriippelfiirsorge in Schleswig-Holstein. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 32-34. Das Recht des Kriippels. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 252-258. Richtlinien fiir den Unterricht Kriegsbeschadigter iiber Fragen der Arbeiter- versicherung. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 168-472. Das Wort einer badischen Arbeiterfrau. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 20. Hartrnann, Konrad. Die Fiirsorge fiir Kriegsbeschadigte. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 177-181. Hart wig. Das grosste LTngliick. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 3. Heiden, Johannes. Fiirsorge fiir die Kriegsinvaliden und die hinterbliebenen Ge- fallencn. Sozialistische Monatshefte, Berlin, 1915, xxi, I, 292-298. Heinemann, Werner. Kriegsbeschadigtenhandlungsgehilfen. Zeitschrift fiir Krup- pelfureorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 591-596. Helys, Marc. The re-education and placement of war cripples. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 168-178. La reeducation et le placement des mutiles et des aveugles. Le Correspond- ant, Paris, Ixxxviii, 1083-1100. Larancondelaglorie. In: Cantiniere de la Croix Rouge, 1914-1916. Paris, 1917, p. 103-135. Heimstatten fiir Kriegsverletzte! Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 12. Henriquez-Phillipe. Les mutiles de la guerre pourront reprendre leurs occupations Hanterieures. La Nature, Paris, 1916, xxxxiv, 286-288. The same. Feuille dans Lausanne, August 10, 1917. erbst. Die Fiirsorge fiir die Kriegsbeschadigten. Jahrbucher fiir Nationalokonomie und Statistik, Jena, 1916, cvi, 104-144. Die Literatur zur Kriegsbeschiidigtenfrage. Zeitschrift fiir Sozialwissen- schaft, Leipzig, 1915, n. f., vii, 482-486. 90 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED- SOLDIEES AND SAILORS. Heritage School of Arts and Crafts for Crippled Boys and Girls, Chailey, Sussex, England. Educative convalescence for the wounded as initiated at the Prim-ess Louise Military Wards, Heritage Craft Schools, Chailey, Sussex, second edition, 1916. Educative convalescence for the Bounded; crippled boys help wounded soldiers. Reprinted from various London newspapers, 1915. Heritage School of Arts and Crafts for Crippled Boys and Girls. The Kitchener heritage. [1917.] Order of service, September 19, 1917. Shrovetide festival concert in aid of educative convalescence for the wounded. Statement of receipts and payments for the year ended August 31, 1915. Hermann, Carl. Ratschlage fur Einhandige und Einarmige. Dresden, 1915. Hermann, Salomon. Unsere Kriegsinvaliden Heim mid Werkstatt in Gartensied- lung. Leipzig, 1915. Herriot, Edouard. Agir. Paris, 1917. Heufer, R. Die gewerbliche Berufsfiirsorge fur Kopfschiisse. Zeitschrift fiir Kriip- pelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 541-555. Hilfsdienstpflicht und Kriegsbeschadigte. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 13. Hill, Walter. The treatment and training of the disabled. No. 4: The Military Orthopaedic Hospital, Shepherd's Bush, W. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 40-41. Hillringhaus, Gust., Jr. Von den Kriippeln fiir die Kriippel, 4. Lebenskampfer. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig u. Hamburg. 1916, x, 32-35. Hints to discharged soldiers from a command discharge centre. London, 1917. Hintz, Willy. Erwerbsmoglichkeiten fiir Kriegsbeschadigte und Kriegerwitwen auf dem Lande. Miinchen, 1915. Hirschberg, W. Kriegsbeschadigte und vaterlandischer Hilfsdienst. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii ; no. 16. - Militarrente und die Renten aus der sozialpolitischen Gesetzgebung. Lii- becker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 17; no. 18; no. 19. Hirschfeld, Gustave. Tourvielle. Lyon, 1917. Hoch, Julius. Ausstellung von Zeichnungen Kriegsverletzter im Liibecker Sol- datenheim * * * Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 20. Durchalten. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 7. Hochschulkurse zur Ausbildung von kriegsbeschadigten Akademikern in Statistik an der Universitat Gottingen. I. Deutscher Hilfsbimd, Berlin, 1917, ii, 317. Hochschulkurse zur Ausbildung von kriegsbeschadigten Akademikern in Statistik an der Universitat Gottingen. II. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 333-334. Hochschulkurse zur Ausbildung von kriegsbeschadigten Offizieren und Akademikern in Statistik an der Universitat Gottingen. III. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 349-351. Hochschulkurse zur Ausbildung von kriegsbeschadigten Offizieren und Akademikern, in Statistik an der Universitat Gottingen. Amtliche Mitteilungen fiir kriegsbe- schiidigte oder versorgungsberechtigte Militarpersonen und fiir Hinterbliebene von Heeresangehorigen, Berlin, 1917, i, 229-230. Hoeftman. Invalidenfiirsorge Kriegsbeschadigtenf ursorge. Das Hindenburghaus, gegriindet 25. Februar 1911. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 346-347. Holman, Dudley M. The problem of the handicapped man. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, whole no. 212, Washington, 1917, p. 348-357. Hopkins, I. Beekeeping for returned soldiers. New Zealand Farmer, Auckland, April, 1917, p. 455-456. Horion. Kriegsbeschadigtenf ursorge und Mannschaftsversorgungsgesetz. Kolnische Zeitung, November 25, 1915. Die Rentenfurcht der Kriegsbeschadigten. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 164-168. Horion. Schwierigkeiten bei der Berufsberatung Kriegsbeschadigter. Zeitschrift fur Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 58-63. Uber den Gebrauch der Prothesen. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 536-541. How France returns her soldiers to civilian life. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v. no. 2, 105-110. Hoyer. Die Kriegsinvaliden auf der landwirtschaftlichen Lehranstalt Gross-Tarpen bei Graudenz. Amtliche Mitteilungen fiir kriegsbeschadigte oder versorgungsber- echtigte Militarpersonen und fiir Hinterbliebene von Heeresangehorigen, Berlin, 1917, i, 50-52. VOCATIONAL. REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. 91 .-ripples at the agricultural training institution, Gross-Tarpen, near hudcnz, Germany. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, .1917, v, I7(i. Literary Digest, New York, 1916, lii, 63-04. 11 nth. 350 Einzelfalle aus dem ersten Jahre der Tatigkeit der Kriegsbeschudigteri- -orge in der llheinproyinz . Duseeldorf, 19 Hi. ETutt, C. \V. Education of the left hand of soldiers and sailors. Lancet, London, I'.ilT, cxrii. 553. The future of the disabled soldier. London, 191 7. Observations on the future of the crippled sailor and soldier. American Journal of Care^for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 123-138. - Observations on the future of the crippled sailor and soldier. Lancet, Lon- don, 1916, cxci, 629-632. Impallomeni, Giovanni. La protesi provisoria per i mutilati agli art! inferior!. Bol- letino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, > pi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 229-235. Incorporated Soldiers and Sailors Help Society. London. Annual Report, 1914. Annual Report, 1915. Hints to soldiers' and sailors' "friends." n. d. Methods of assistance, n. d. The national tribute to our permanently disabled soldiers and sailors.. 11*16, Particulars of some of the disabled men employed, n. d. Regulations for office holders, n. d. Relief of cases, 1915. Industrial training for the maimed: the use of motion study. The Times, London, December 29, 1916, engineering supplement, p. 197, col. 2. Industrial training of wounded soldiers [Tipperary]. British Medical Journal, Lon- don, 1916, I, 395. Infinite for cripples [Saint-Maurice]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1915, Ixv, 1124. Instruction of crippled soldiers in new trades at Tipperary. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, I, 110. Inter-Allied conference on cripples. Survey, New York, 1917, xxxix, 203. Inter-Allied (the) Conference in Paris. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 294-298. Inter-Allied (the) Conference. Survey, New York, 1917, xxxviii, 566-509. 1st der Verwundetenunterricht den Kriegsbeschadigten von Nutzen? Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 4; no. 7. Istituto Siciliano Pro Mutilati di Guerra. Palermo. [Account of work.] n. d. I wand, Fritz. Die Aufgabe des Studenten in der Kriippel- und luvalidenhilfe. Zeitschrift fur Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 270-271. Linksarmer und Linkshander. An der Praxis fur die Praxis. Sir; -.-- elation, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 1173. Propriete (la) rurale aux mutiles de la guerre. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professioniielle des blesses, Paris, 1917, p. 166-168. Prothese ^la) et le travail des mutiles. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e annee, no. 9, p. 74. Providing for the maimed and crippled. American Review of Reviews, New York, 1916 ; liv, 439-440. Provision for disabled soldiers in Scotland. British Medical Journal, 1916, London, I, 111. Provision for mutilated soldiers in Lombardy. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 336. Purpus, H. Die Uebersiedlung kriegsbeschiidigter st.iidtischer Handwerker auf daa Land und die Kapitalabfindung. Vom Krieg zur Friedensarbeit, Berlin, 1917, iii, 24. Putting the cripple on the pay roll. Literary Digest, New York, 1917, liv, 617-618. Queen Mary's Workshop. [Pavilion Military Hospital.] Brighton. [Circular o! information], n. d. Raebiger. Zur Ansiedlungsfrage der Kriegsbeschiidigten. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppel- fursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 360-361. Raschen, J. F. L. What Germany is planning to do with her crippled war veterans. Journal of Sociologic Medicine, Easton, 1915, xvi, 118-121. Razons, Paul. Les blesses de guerre. Prothese et reeducation professionnelle, Paris, 1916. Rebentisch. Lazarett-Beschaftigung. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 10. Rebentisch and Hugo Eberhardt. Die technischen Lehranstalten zu Offenbach a. M. als Reservelazarettabteilung fur die Berufsubungen Kriegsbeschiidigter. Zeit- schrift fiir Kriipr~ 1c " T - : '~ " ini " -- n>7 irv7 Vocational Journal of Recommendations for State provision of industrial training for crippled American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 206-209. Re-educating the wounded. ^ Literary Digest, New York, liv, 468-469. Re-education and rehabilitation of maimed, crippled, and otherwise disabled soldiers. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1917, Ixviii, 1993. Re-education of cripples [Pan, France]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1915, Ixiv, 1671. Re-education of the war cripple. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1917, clxxvii, 423^24. 100 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Re-education of wounded soldiers in Canada. Manual Training Magazine, Peoria, 1917, xyiii, 389-390. Reeducation (la) agricole des grands mutiles. Petite Gironde, Bordeaux, November 11, 1917. Reeducation (la) agricole. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1917, no. 21, p. 5. Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses par MM. Jean Camus, Bourrillon, Nyns, etc. Paris, 1917. Reeducation pratique S. V. P. Journal des Mutiles, Re"forme"s et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 6, p. 1. Reeducation professionnelle des invalid es de la guerre. Revue Politique et Litte'raire, Paris, 1915, liii, 609-621. Reeducation professionnelle des mutiles. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 annee, no. 11, p. 131-132; no. 12, p. 47^48. Reeducation (la) professionnelle des mutiles de la guerre. La Formation Profes- eionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e annee, no. 9, p. 25-44. Regelung (die) der Fiirsorge fur Kriegsbeschadigte in Brandenburg, Westfalen und Bayern. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 101-106. Regnier, Pierre. Organisation scientifique de la reeduction professionnelle des mutiles. Revue Scientifique, Paris, 1916, liv, 458-460. Rehabilitation of the injured worker; a report by the Massachusetts State Board of Education. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 210-212. Reichstagsverhandlungen (die) vom 10. April 1916 iiber den Kapitalabfindung- eentwurf. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 209-224. Reparation (la) des dommages de guerre. Paris, 1917. Report of a committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England on the medical treatment of dischargeable disabled soldiers. London, 1916. Report of the constitution and proceedings of the Joint Committee on Institutional Treatment for the period beginning February 12, 1917, and ending August 12, 1917. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 275-279. Report of the Disabled Soldiers' and Sailors' Committee, Local Government Board of Great Britain. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 212-225. Restoration of disabled soldiers to civil life. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 428-429. Restoring injured men to industry. American Industries, 1917, xviii, no. 3, 24-27. Results obtained at the school for cripples at Lyons. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1915, Ixiv, 2152. Returned disabled soldier [Canada]. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 437. Riedinger, J. Uber Kriegskriippelf ursorge mit besonderer Beriiksichtigung der Prothesenfrage. Archiv fiir Orthopiidie, Mechanotherapie und Unfallchirurgie, Wiesbaden, 1915, xiy, 132-188. Riemenschneider. Wie ich meine KraAvatte binde. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 36. Riese, Johann Friedrich. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 1. Aus der Praxis der Linkshandigkeit. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 34-38. Ritschl, A. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 8. Kunst im Kriippelheim. Zeit- schrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 266-267. Kriegskriippelf ursorge. Allgemeine Zeitung, Berlin, 1915, cxviii, 72-73. Neue Richtlinien der arztlichen I nvalidenf ursorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriip- pelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 41-43. Orthopadisches in der Verwundeten Behandlung. Medizinische Klinik, Wien, 1915, xi, 124-126; 159-162. Zwolf Gebote zur Verhiitung des Kriippel turns bei unseren Kriegsver- wundeten. Medizinische Klinik, Wien, 1915, xi, 162-163. Zwolf Gebote zur Verhiitung des Kriippeltums bei unseren Kriegsver- wundeten. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig u. Hamburg, 1915, vii, 105-106. Roberts, E. Local committees at work. No. 2: Manchester. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 14-15. Roder, Georg. Kriegsbeschadigte als Handwerkslehrlinge. Zeitschrift fur Kriippel- fiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 178-181. Kriegsbeschadigte und Meisterprufung. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 111-115. Rolland, Louis. Les victimes de la guerre, combattants et civils. Pensions et indemnites. Reforme de la loi de 1831. In: La reparation des dommages de guerre. Paris, 1917, p. 75-112. -VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED Q3&ffififi AND SAILORS. 101 D^J Roys Pa K.nv-.irr, Michel. L'Assistanoe professionnelle aux blesses dans Irs Deux-Sevres. La Formation Prolcssionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13'' annee, no. 9, p. 61-04. llo.-smv, Carl. Das Turnen als Heilfaktor bei den Verwundeten und Kriegsver- schrten. Zeitechrift f iir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 220-225. ya, Louis. La charite privee, 1'Etat et la reeducation des blesses. La Lanterne, 'aris, July 31, 1917. S., E. A. A note on the Paris conference. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 17-18. Salchert, L. Lebenserf ahrungen eines einarmigen Landwirtes. Zeitschrif t f iir Kriip- pell'iirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 225-228. Zuin Beruf der Kriegsverstummelten. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 12. Sante de Neuyille, Marie. Les blesses au travail (o?uvre pour les soldats convales- cents ou reformes, rattachee au Ministere de la GueiTe). La Revue Philan thro- pique, Paris, 1916, xix, 114-115. Scammell, Ernest H. Canadian practice in dealing with disabled soldiers. Ameri- can Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 240-242. Disabled soldiers. (Addr (Address at National Conference of Social Work, Pitts- burgh, 1917. Reprint no. 90.) Chicago, 1917. Scarpellon, Giuseppe, Per 1'assistenza ai mutilati in guerra. L'opera del Comitato Provinciale di Venezia. Venezia, 1917. Schalk, Hertha. Ein Wort zur Kriippelfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 64-66. Schanz, A. Aus der Arbeit fur die Arbeit. 1. Arbeitsplatze fiir kriegsbeschiidigte Industriearbeiter. Zeitschrift fur Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 80-82. Arbeitsplatze fiir kriegsbeschadigte Industriearbeiter. Lubecker Lazarett- Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 4. Schaufuss, Camillo. Wie sorgen wir fur unsere Kriegsbeschadigten, fiir die Witwen und Waisen unserer Helden? Meissen, 1917. Scherfer, Theod. Heimat und Arbeit. Leipzig, 1917. Schellmann, F. Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge und Arbeitsnachweis. Der Arbeit- snachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 1257128. Scheurer. Bisheiige Leistungen der Kriegshilfe in Baden. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppel- fursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 24-25. Schlee. Schullazarett Braunschweig. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 17-24. Schlosser, Karl. Ausfuhrlicher Lehrgang auch fiir den Selbstunterricht. Leipzig, 1916. Schliiter, Willy. Belgische Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge nach Maurice des Ombiaux. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 247-252. Dieenglische Kriegskriippelfiirsorge. Zeitschriltfiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leip- zig, 1916, ix, 361-365. Gewohnung und Yerwohnung in der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Ein Wort an die deutsche Frau. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 72-76. Die italienische Kriegsbeschadigtenfursorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiir- sorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 302-307. Die Knegskriippelf iirsorge in Frankreich. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 309-310. Vorbericht zum IV. Deutschen Kongress fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, veranstaltet von der "Deutschen Vereinigung fiir Kriippelfiirsorge E. V." am 21. August 1916 im H iirzenichsaale in Coin. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 390-394. Schmiedeknecht. Aus der Arbeit der Kriegskriippelf iirsorge in Westfalen. Das Werkstatt und die Verwundetenschule in Bochum. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiir- sorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 74-80. Scholl. Praktische Kriegsinvalidenf iirsorge. Miinchener medizinische W 7 ochen- echiift, 1916, Ixiii, 41; 83. School for re-education of cripples. [Grand Palais, Paris.] Journal of American Medical At^ociation, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 297. School for re-education of cripples [Maison Blanche]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 891. School for soldiers. Jeweler's Circular- Weekly, New York, 1917, Ixxiv, no. 18, p. 57. School of clockmaking for cripples [Cluses]. Journal of American Medical Associa- tion, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 892. School (a) of lamp working. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 91. Schrey, Maria. Die deutsche Industrie und die Kriegsbeschadigtenfursorge. Zeit- schrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 241-251. 102 VOCAT/ONAL EEH ABM.ITAXIQN-OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILQBS, Schule (die) fur Kriegsverwimdete iu l>iisterg. In: Kriegsin valid enf iirsorge, Wurzburg, 1915, p. 9-13. Kriegsinvalidenf ursorge und staatliche Unfallf iirsorge. Wiirzburger Abhand- lungen aiis dem praktischen Medizin, 1915, xv, 135-149. Kriegsinvalidenf ursorge. Wiirzburger Abhandlungen aus dem praktischen Medizin, 1915, xv, 119-130. The Royal Orthopedic Reserve Hospital at Niirnberg, Germany. Ameri- can Journal of "Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 188-191. Sill, H. Visite aux Ateliers des Mutiles, rue des Epinettes, organisee par la Societe centrale des Architectes. La Formation Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 e aiiuee, no. 9, p. 69-71. Soenneck^n. Die Verwendungsmo^lichkeit der Kriegsbeschadigten im Handel. Reichsausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenf ursorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 153-159. Sollier, Paul, et M. Chartier. La reeducation motrice individuelle, collective et mutuelle dans les impotences de guerre. Presse Medicale, Paris, 1916, xxiv, 209-211. Sender lehrgange fiir kriegsbeschadigte ehemalige Kadetten. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 98. Souchon, M. La remise au travail des mutiles. Paris, 1916. La remise au travail des mutiles. Bulletin de la Societe d 'Encouragement pour F Industrie Nationals, Paris, 1916, cxv, 507-519. Spatz. Der Reichsausschuss des Kriegsbeschadigteiif ursorge. Vom Krieg zur Friedensarbeit, Berlin, 1917, iii, 20. Speciale (uno) diploma di benemerenza alia Federazioiie Nazionale. Boltetino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assisteiiza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mu- tilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 150-151. Spiecker, D. Die Aufgaben der Arbeitsgeber. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelf ursorge. Leipzig u. Hamburg, 1915, viii, 165-168. Spitzy, H. Die Invalidenschule. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, 1915, viii, 71-74. Splendid form of conservation. Outlook, New York, 1914, cvii, 517. Stein, Christian. Von den Kruppeln-Hfiir die Kruppel. 2. Lebenskiimpfer. Mon- atsblatter fur Invaliden- und Kriippelhilfe, Leipzig, 1915, i, 44-47. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 103 Sicin. \V. Die AusteHiing der Kriegsbeschadigten. Leipzig, 1916. Wegweiser fur Kriegsbeschadigte und Krieger-Hinterhliebene, sowie die KupitalabHridung der Kriegsbeechadigten und Kriegerwitwen. Leipzig, [1917]. Stellenverniittlun? (die) fur Kriegsimaliden in Freiburg im Breisgau. Der Ar- beitenachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 223-226. Stelling, J. Die Betatigung der Kriegsbeschadigten. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, i, no. 23. Stellungen in Banken. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 17-21. Stenning, F. G. Local committees at work. No. 8: County of Kent. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 98-99. Stieger. Kriegsbeschadigte, insbesondere Einarmige, in der Landwirtschaft. Zeit- schriftfur Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 13-16. Stiftung zugunsten Lubecker Kriegsbeschadigter. Lubecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 12. Stillich, Oscar. Die Eingliederung der Kriegsinvaliden in das Berufsleben. Zeit- schrift fur Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 63-69. Das Kapitalabfindungsgesetz. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 19 1 6, ix, 373-377. von Strebel. Landwirtschaft und Kriegsbeschadigte nfiirsorge. Reichsausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenfursorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 43-49. Sudek, Richard. An employment bureau for crippled soldiers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 269-275. Syrup, Friedrich. Die Fiirsorge fiir kriegsverletzte gewerbliche Arbeiter. Jahr- biicher fur Nationalokonomie und Statistik, Jena, 1915, cv, 339-363. Talk (a) with the disabled. Good news for the disabled sailor or soldier. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 60-68. Taylor, Deems. Three poor devils. New Republic, New York, 1917, ix, 263-265. Technical training for disabled sailors and soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1917, II, 96. Tenot, H. Rapport a Monsieur le Ministre du Commerce et de 1' Industrie sur la reeducation professionnelle des blesses, mutiles et estropies de la guerre. Bulletin de 1'Enseignement Technique, Paris, 1915, xviii, 237-272. Testing war cripples; scientific estimation of equitable pensions and indemnities. Scientific American Supplement, New York, 1917, Ixxxiv, 260-261. Thiolere, Ed. La reeducation des mutiles dans la Meurthe-et-Moselle. La Forma- tion Professionnelle, Paris, 1916, 13 annee, no. 9, p. 56-60. Timerding, H. Die Verwendung kriegsbeschadigter Omziere in der Technik. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 152. To disabled sailors and soldiers. A few notes on the advantages of training for your future career. London, 1917. To disabled soldiers and sailors: A few notes on the advantages of training for your future career. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, y, 139-142. Todd, John L. A report on how France returns her soldiers to civilian life. April 20, 1916. London, [1916]. The French system for return to civilian life of crippled and discharged soldiers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v. 5-77. The re-training of disabled men. American Medicine, Burlington, 1917, xxiii, 380-384. Trade education of maimed soldiers [Bordeaux]. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, I, 825. Trade (the) education of maimed soldiers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 251-252. Trade (the) education of maimed soldiers. School and Society, Lancaster, 1916, iv, 147. Trade schools for war cripples [France]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvi, 131. Trade training for the injured. Survey, New York, 1917, xxxviii, 145-146. Training of disabled fighters [Tipperary]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 892. Training of disabled sailors and soldiers for electrical sub-station work. Engineer, London, 1917, cxxiii, 399. Training of mutilated soldiers [Roehampton]. Journal of American Medical Asso- ciation, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 1612. Training of maimed soldiers. Engineer, London, 1916, cxxi, 472-473. Training of one-armed persons [Germany]. Journal of American Medical Association. Chicago 1915, Ixiv, 1515. Training of the disabled soldier. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 592. 104 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Training of the disabled soldier. Lancet, London, 1917, cxcii, 419-423. Training of the disabled soldier. Lancet, London, 1917, cxcii, 512. Training of the disabled sailor and soldier: a county scheme for Lancashire. Lancet, London, 1917, cxciii, 99. Training of war cripples at Roehampton. Amevir'an Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1916, iii, 287-290. Training of the war's maimed, halt, and blind. Scientific American, New York, 1915, cxiii, 401. Training on agricultural tractors. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 361-362. Training school for crippled Belgians. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 367-368. Training schools for maimed soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, I, 668. Training the left hand of cripples. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 1173. Travaux (des) de jardinage pour les mutiles. Journal des Mu tiles, Reformos et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1916, no. 10, p. 5. Treatment and education of crippled soldiers [Vienna]. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 55-57. Treatment and education of disabled men. British Medical Journal, London, 1917, I, 387-388. Treatment and training of disabled men. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 635. Treatment and training of disabled soldiers. British Medical Journal, London, 1917, I, 94-95. Treatment and training of wounded men [Tipperary]. British Medical Journal, London, 1916, II, 234-235. Treves, Sir Frederick. The "Star and Garter," Richmond; a permanent home for paralyzed and disabled sailors and soldiers. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, y, 146-148. Trojan, Walter. Die Ausstellung fiir Kriegsfiirsorge in Coin, 1916. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 402-408. Tagung des Reichsausschusses der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 394-402. Zur Entwicklung des Siedlungsgedankens wahrend der Kriegszeit. Zeit schrift fur Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 229-231. v. Trott zu Solz. Bestimmungen iiber die Reisepriifung. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 350-351. Tudor-Craig, Algernon. Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors. Recalled to life, London, 1917, i, 289-294. The Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 309-311. Uberblick, Peter. Die Vorbeugung der Verkriippelung in der industriellen Arbeit. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 85-92. Ulbrich, Martin. Was muss ein Pfarrer von der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge wissen? Hamburg, 1915. - Zur Kriegskruppelfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 77-81. , Reprinted from Zeitschrift fiir Innere Mission. Union des Colonies Etrangeres en France en Faveur des Victimes de la Guerre. Paris. [Conseil d'administration. Extrait du Proems-Verbal des Assemblies Generate, Ordinaire et Extraordinaire. Seance du 9 decembre 1916.] [Members and purpose.] 1917. Status. 1917. United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Guide to civil employment for ex- soldiers. Washington, 1915. University College of Southampton. Southampton. Courses of training for dis- charged sailors and soldiers, n. d. Unsere Kurse. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i. no. 1. Unterbringung (die) Kriegsbeschadigter in Ziegeleibetrieben. Amtliche Mitteilungen fiir kriegsbeschadigte oder versorgungsberechtigte Militarpersonen und fiir Hinter- bliebene von Heeresangehorigen, Berlin, 1917, i, 52-53. Unthan, C. H. Ohne Arme durchs Leben. Karlsruhe, 1916. Upham, Elizabeth G. Desirability of vocational education and direction for disabled soldiers. Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1917, serial no. 876; general series no. 669. (Extension Division, General information and welfare, Vocational Series no. 2.) VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 105 Valentin, Bruno. Die Aufgaben des Arztes in der landwirtschaftlichen Ausbildung Kriegsbeschadigter. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 324-330. Richtlinien fiir die Auswahl der zur Aufnahme in das "Orthopadische Lazarett" geeigneten Patienten. In: Krieginvalidenfiirsorge, Wiirzburg, 1915, p. 14-18. Die Werkstatten ini kgl. orthopadischen Reserve-Lazarett Niirnberg. Wtirzburger Abhandlungen aus dem praktischen Medizin, 1915, xv, 149-165. The workshops at the Royal -Orthopedic Reserve Hospital at Niirnberg American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 192-196. Valentino. Accidents du. travail et blessures de guerre. Bordeaux, 1917. Van Breeman, J. Kriegskruppelfiirsorge. Nosokomos, Amsterdam, 1916, xvi, 733-739. Varendonck, J. Schools for disabled soldiers and sailors. In: The provision of employment for members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force * * Ottawa, 1915, p. 49-51. Reprinted from Welsh Outlook, September, 1915. Schools for disabled soldiers and sailors; lessons from France and Belgium. In: The provision of employment for members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force * * * Ottawa, 195, p. 44-48. Reprinted from Welsh Outlook, August, 1915. Verhandlungsbericht iiber die Tagung fiir Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge in Koln, 22-25. August, 1916. Reichsausschuss der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Sonder- echriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917. Versorgung (die) der Kriegsbeschadigten, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Ansiedlung auf eigenem Grund und Boden. Wien u. Leipzig, 1916. Verwendung kriegsbeschadigter Offiziere bei den Kgl. Polizei-Verwaltungen in den Provinzen. Deutecher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 426-427. Verwendung (die) von kriegsverletzten Offizieren in Genossenschaftswesen. Deut- echer Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 323-329. Verwendungsmoglichkeiten der Kriegsbeschadigten. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1916, ii, no. 5. Verzeichnis der Unterrichtskurse. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1915, i, no. 2. Villey, P. La readaptation des soldats mutiles et aveugles a la vie utile. Revue des Deux Mondes, Paris, 1915, 6. per., xxix, 652-673. Vocational education and employment of the handicapped, with special reference to crippled soldiers. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Wash- ington, 1917, v. no. 3, 187-212. Vocational training for disabled soldiers in Canada. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, iv, 867-874. Reprinted from Bulle- tins No. 1, 2, and 3 of the Military Hospitals Commission, Ottawa, 1916. Vocational training for disabled soldiers. National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, [Bulletin], July, 1917, New York, 1917. Vocational training for disabled soldiers. School and Society, Lancaster, 1917, vi, 200. Von den Invalidenschulen in Wien und Heidelberg. Der Arbeitsnachweis in Deutschland, Berlin, 1915, ii, 199-200. Voron, E. L'Institut agricole de mutiles de 1' Union du Sud-est des syndicats agricoles. In: Reeducation fonctionnelle et reeducation professionnelle des blesses. Paris, 1917, p. 156-161. Vulpius, Oskar. Anmerkung zu den "zwolf Geboten" von Professor Ritschl. Medizinische Klinik, Wien, 1915, xi, 190. W., H. Die Schule fiir Einarmige in Wien. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1915, viii, 56-57. Wagner, Fritz. Technische Handgriffe der Solinger Industrie als Grundlage zur Arbeitsbehandlun" und Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Solingen, 1916. Waldschmidt. Die Verwendung von Offizieren in der Industrie. Deutscher Hilfs- bund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 290-295. Wangenheim. Verwendung von OfSzieren in der Landwirtschaft. Deutscher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii, 308-312. War cripples in Austria and Germany. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 244-250. Wtir cripples in Austria and Germany. The Engineer, London, 1916, cxxi, 64-65. War cripples and the study of watchmaking. Journal of American Medical Associa- tion, Chicago, 1915, Ixv, 1124. War cripples in Naples, Italy. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, iv, 363-365. Warburg, F, S. Work for disabled soldiers and sailors. Charity Organisation Review, London, 1917, xli, 26-28; 71-72; 201. 106 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Wardle, G. J. The Labour Party and the disabled. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 232-233. The Labour Party and the disabled. American Journal of Care for Cripples New York, 1917, v. 239. War Pensions Committee in Geographical County of Yorkshire. Report of Education Advisory Committee on training disabled men in the county of Yorkshire. Leed 1917. Warstat, W. Die Zuriickfiihrung Kriegsbefcchadigter ins tatige Leben als letztea Ziel der Kriegsbeschadigteiifiirsorge. Die Grenzboten, Berlin, 1915, Ixxiv, 214-219. Was steht dem Kriegsbeschadigten an ErsatzgHedern, Apparateu und orthopadischen Stiefeln zu? Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 14. Weakest (the) link. War Pensions Gazette, London, 1917, i, 37. Weber, Hans Siegfried. Ansiedlung von Kriegsinvaliden. Stuttgart, 1915. Weidner, Albert. Fiirsorge fiir verstiimmelte Krieger in Wurzburg. Miinchen- Augsburger Abendzeitung, January 21, 1915. Die soziale Rettung der Kriegskriippel. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorgo, Leipzig u. Hamburg, 1915, viii, 50-53. Reprinted from Die Welt am Mont i' January 18, 1915. Weill, Mme. David. Les mutiles et estropies de la guerre dans la menuiserie et quelquea autres industries du bois. Paris, 1917. Rapport general sur I'organisation et le fonctionnement des ecoles de reedu- cation professionnelle pour les invalides. Paris, 1917. Weiss, Konrad. Kriegsinvalidenfiirsorge und schulische Massnahmen. In: Kriega- in valid enfiirsorge, Wurzburg, 1915, p. 36-45. Weiss, Robert. Aus der Arbeit fur die Arbeit. 7. Tatigkeitsbericht des Vermitt- lungsinstituts der k. k. Arbeitsvermittlung an Kriegsinvalide, Landesstelle Wieu, im Jahre 1916. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1917, x, 182-192. Zur Arbeitsvermittlung fiir Kriegsinvaliden. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfur- sorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 320-324. Wertvolles (ein) Hilfsmittel fiir Beinbeschiidigte. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 562-564. What of the workers wounded in war? American Industries, New York, 1917, xviii, no. 2, p. 7-9. Whiteside, Gladys G. Training for war cripples in Paris at the Ecole de reeducation de la Place du Puits-de-1'Ermite. American Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v. 298-299. Wichtige Winke fiir Amputierte. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 16. Wickers, E. Congres National des Associations de Mutiles et de Re form ws de la Guerre. E veil, Paris, November 11, 1917. Wie sich kriegsbeschadigte Offiziere dem Reklamegebiet zuwenden konnen. Deuts- cher Hilfsbund, Berlin, 1917, ii. 402-404. Wilde, B. Das Schicksal der Einarmigeii. Liibecker Lazarett-Zeitung, 1917, ii, no. 16. Wilden, Josef. Ansiedlung kriegsbeschadigter Handwerker. Zeitschrift fiir Kriip- pelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 355-360. c Kriegsverletztenfiirsorge des Handwerks. Soziale Praxis und Archiv fiir VolkswohLfahrt, Berlin, 1915, xxiv, 64(5-647. Handwerkerfiirsorge im Kriege. Korrespondenz fiir Kriegswohlfahrtspflege, Berlin, 1915, i, 137-140. Wilke. Aus der Arbeit fiir die Arbeit. 4. Violinspiel eines Einarmers. Zeit- schrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, p. 79-82. Williams, Basil. Care of crippled and blinded soldiers in Great Britain. America Journal of Care for Cripples, New York, 1917, v, 95-108. Pensions. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 80-129. von Winterfeldt, Joachim. Kriegsbeschadigte nfursorge. Berlin, 1917. Organisation und bisherige Arbeit der biirgerlicheu Rriegsbeschadigten- fiirsorge. Reichsausschues der Kriegsbeschadigteiifiirsorge. Sonderschriften, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, p. 19-27. Wissel, Rudolf. Ein Verband der Kriegsbeschadigten? Vom Krieg zur Friedensai- beit, Berlin, 1917, ii, 349-350. W 7 itowski. Das Interesse der Trager der Arbeiterversicherung an der Kriegshitfe. Zeitschrift fiir Kriip pelfursorge, Leipzig, u. Hamburg, 19! 6, ix, 21-24. Die Mitwirkung der Arbeitversicherung. Zeitschrift fiir Kr up pelfursorge, Leipzig u. Hamburg, 1915, viii, 161-165. Wolbiug, P. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaften der Arbeitsgeber und Arbeiter fiir Zwecke der Kriegsfiirsorge. Korrespondenz fiir Kriegswohlfahrtspflege, Berlin, 1916, ii, 110-112. VOCAT1OXAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 107 Woldt, Richard. Her industrielle Kru-^kriippel. Neue Zeit, Stuttgart, 1915, ii. 26-oU. \Volif, Th. Verwendung kreigsbeschiidigter Arbeiter in der chemischen Industrie. Die Seife, Wien, 1917, no. 1, p. 4-6; no. 2, p. 5-6. Work for the cripple to do. Scientific American, New York, 1917, cxvi, 638. Work for discharged soldiers. Leather Manufacturer, Boston, 1917, xxviii, 386. Work in the overseas dominions and 1 ndui. Recalled to Life, London, 1917, i, 267-274. Work of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association. Edinburgh Review, 1917, ccxxv, 139-157. Workshops for the crippled [Grand Palais, Paris]. Journal of American Medical Association, Chicago, 1917, Ixviii, 1569. *Wounded soldiers' work. Canadian Gazette, London, 1917, Ixix, 293. Wounded soldiers as toymakers. Correspondence from Paris. Cartoons, Chicago, 191.6, x, 751-754. Wnllstein. Die arztliche und soziale Yersorgung Schwerkriegsbeschadigter und die Tiitigkeit in den Werkstattlazaretten und den Yerwundetenschulen. Medizinischa Klinik, Berlin, 1916, xii,226. Wiirtz, Hans. Die Aufgaben des Landlehrers in der Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 68-72. Das deutsche Kriippelbilderbuch fiir Jung und Alt. Berlin-Schoneberg, 1916. Fragen zur Ansiedlung Kriegsbesehadigter. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 193-196. Wie ein Einhander sich selber ein Behelfsglied schuf und wieder voll arbeits- fahig wurde. Zeitschrift fur Kriippeliiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 365-372. Der Wille eiegt. Ein padagogischkultureller Beitrag zur Kriegskriippel- fiirsorge, Berlin, 1915. Der Wille siegt. Third edition. (Beitrage zur Invalidenfursorge, Band 1, Lebensschicksale neuertiichtigter Kriegsinvaliden.) Berlin, [1916]. X. Reeducation des agriculteurs mutiles en Touraine. Journal d'Agriculture Pratique, Paris, 1917, Ixxxi, 246. Zehrfeld. Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen: soziale und wirtschaftliche Fragen der Kriegsbe- schadigteniursorge. Soziale Kultur, Miinchen-Gladbach, 1915, xxxv, 488-491. Zichy, Graf Geza. Das Buch des Einarmigen. Ratschlage zur Aneignung dec Fahigkeit, mit einer Hand seibststandig zu werden. 3. Aufl. Stuttgart u. Berlin, 1915. Zumaglini, Antonio. Ginocchio articolato a scatto in metallo fuso e snodo sferico nei movimenti del piede per mutilati. Torini, 1916. Zumaglini. A., and G. Guidi. La nuova protesi italiana per gli arti. Torino, 1917. Zur Berufseignung der Kriegskriippel. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfiirsorge, Leipzig; 1916, ix, 325. Zur Kriegsbeschadigtenfiirsorge. Zeitschrift fiir Kriippelfiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 251-253. Zusainmenfassender Bericht der ausserordentlichen Tagung der Deutschen Verein- igung fur Kriippelfiirsorge E. Y. am 7. Februar 1916. Zeitschrift fiir. Kruppei- fiirsorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 109-121. Zusarnmenfassender Bericht iiber die Tagung des IV. Deutschen Kongresses fiir Kriippelfiirsorge in Coin, 21. August 1916. Zeitschrift fiir Kruppelfursorge, Leipzig, 1916, ix, 385-390. ADDITIONS TO BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WAR CRIPPLE. Aleardo, Orna. Coreo di dattilografia per i mutilati di giierra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Coinitati di Assisteuza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 71-72. Alessandri, Roberto. Per la costruzione degli arti artificiali. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assitenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 49-51. Aliotta, Angelo. La seizione agricola dell' Ifltituto Siciliano pro Mutilati di Palermo. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Stropi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 165-175. Alleman. Quand doit commencer la reeducation professionnelle? Que doit-eile comprendre? .Formation intellectuc'lle ct formation immucll"? Conference Inter- alliee pour 1' Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui lute- ressent lea Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris. 1917, p. 113-131. American Committee for Traning in Suitable Trades the Maimed Soldiers of Fruuce. Account of work, New York, n. d. 108 VOCATIONAL KEHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AXD SAILORS. Appareechio di lavoro per calzolai mutilati di gambe. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale del Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati Roma - 1917,ii,32-34. Associazione (F) Elettrotecnica Italiana per il collocamento degF invalid!. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 246-247. Associazione (F) Elettrotecnica Italiana per F Impiego.dei Mutilati nelF Industria ' Elettrica. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, ^Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 191 7, ii, 186-187. Associazione Nazionale fra Mutilati e Invalidi di Guerra, Milano. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi. Storpi. Muti- lati, Roma, 1917, ii, 160-162. B., Allegato. Decreto Luogotenenziale che stabilisce le categoric d'infermita per i militari mutilati o invalidi a causa della guerra o di altri event! di scrvizio. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 152-158. Bailey, Pearce. The care of the disabled returned soldiers, Mental Hygiene, 1917, i, 345-353. Barthe2, Mme. La protection permanente des mutiles et estropies: sbcietes mutuelles, societe^ cooperatives, organisation officielle, institutions privees. Conference Interalliee pour F Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 313-334. Batel, Eugene. La maison du mutile. Journal des Mutiles, Rcformes, et Victimcs cle la Guerre. Paris, 1917, ii, no. 46. Beveridge, Ray. A hope for war cripples. Van Lcuven Browne National Magazine, Detroit, 1917, vi, no. 6, p. 11, 14. Bittard, A. L. Documentation et propagandc. Conference Interalliee pour FEtude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, p. 379-387. Borne. Propagande. Conference Interalliee pour FEtude de la Reeducation Profes- sionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 389-395. Bourrillon, Maurice. La rieducazione professionale degli invalidi della guerra. Torino, 1916. Brancher, and Henry Girard. Placement dcs invalidcs dans F agriculture. Confer- ence Interalliee pour F etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 19] 7, p. 227-232. Calzolai mutilati e loro aiuti meccanici. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 140-141. Canada. Military Hospitals Commission. ^ Bulletin, November 1917. Cantono, A. La rieducazione dei contadini mutilati ^in Francia % Bolletino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari, Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 296. Casa (la) di Rieducazione Professionale per gli Invalidi di Guerra dopo il primo anno d'esercizio, Bologna. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917. ii, 114-115. Cassanello, Rinaldo. La cura e Fassistenza degli stprpi della guerra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 35-37. Cassuto, Leo. Calzolai mutilati e loro aiuti meccanici. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati Di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 140-141. Chancrin. La reeducation profesionnclle agricole des mutiles de la guerre dans les etablissements dependant du ministerede Fagriculture. Conference Interalliee pour FEtude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalidee de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 205-226. t Comitato delle Provincie Piemontese per Fassistenza ai Lavoratori Mutilati in Guerra, Torino. Circular of information. 1916. Concrete aid for the cripple. New York Medical Journal, New York, 1917, cvi, no. 16, p. 757-758. Conference Interalliee FEtude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917. Corps of women will help rebuild disabled soldiers. Official Bulletin, Washington, 1918, ii, no. 217, p. 6. Dallolio. Impiego dei militari, mutilati in guerra, nolle officini di inunmonamento. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 277. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. 109 Decharme, Pierre. Le retour & la terre des mu tiles et reform es de la guerre. Con- ference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Ques- tions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 235-237. Delia necessita di una piu efficace et estesa propagande dell' opera di assistenza agli invalidi di guerre. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale del Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 17-20. Duvernoy. Les mutil^s dans les names de guerre. Conference Interallied pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent lea Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, 271-289. Esami di telegrafia alia Casa di rieducazione pei mutilati. Bologna. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 141. European experience in returning disabled soldiers to civilian life. Monthly Re- view of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v, no. 4, p. 48-52. Fagnot, F., and Raflin, Numa. Sur le placement des invalid es de la guerre dana Pindustrie et le commerce. Conference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeduca- tions Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 239-269. Farms for returned Canadian soldiers. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v, no. 4, p. 53. Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, e Mutilati. Les ecoles italiennes de reeducation professionnelle pour les inyalides de la guerre. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 128-133. Ferrannini, Luigi. Per la rieducazione professionale degli invalidi della guerra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 27-32. Ferrannini, Luigi. Sulla obligatorieta degli atti operativi per i militari malati o feriti. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 197-199. Fournier, Lucien. Nos glorieux estropies et la travail. La Nature, Paris, 1915, xliii, 53-59. Gadsby, Mrs. M. A. Finding jobs for Great Britain's disabled soldiers. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v, no. 6, p. 65-79. Giardino. Disciplina degli invalidi presso le case di rieducazione. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 274. Gilbreth, Frank B., and L. M. Gilbreth. The engineer, the cripple and the new education [and discussion]. Journal of the American Society of Mechanical En- gineers, New York, 1918, xi, 5(M>1. Goetechy, Fernand. La Federation Nationale D' Assistance aux Mutile*s et la Re- education Professionelle. Paris, 1916. Extrait de la Reforme Sociale, Mars 1916. Guillaume, A.-C. Les mutiles dans la vie agricole. La Nature, Paris, 1917, xi, 27^283. Gusmitta, Mario. Per la rieducazione agricola degli invalidi della guerra. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 189-195. Honhon. La reeducation apres la guerre des hommes qui n'ont pu profiter de la reeducation professionnelle pendant les hotilites. Conference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interesseno les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, 303-307. How the Red Cross will restore war's battered victims to usefulness. American Red Cross. Chicago Chapter Bulletin, Chicago, 1917, i, no. 28, p. 3-6. If the war lasts. Harvard Graduates Magazine, Boston, 1917, xxvi, 250-251. Imbert, A. Le travail professionnel agent de la reeducation physique. Conference Interalli^e pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 85-90. Inaugurazione (!') della ''Casa di Rieducazione Professionale" di*Firenze. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Oomitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 115-117. Institute (!') di Salerno. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale die Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 163. Kelly, E. H. War relief for the services in Portsmouth. In: Conference on War Relief and Personal Service. * * * Westminister, June 10-12, 1915. London, 1915. 110 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Eeogh, Sir Alfred. Rapport (on work in England]. In: Conference Interallied pour 1' Etude de la Reeducation Professionelle et des Questions qui Interessent lee Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 397-433. Land settlement for soldiers in Australia. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v. no. 4. p. 53-56. Levi, Ettore. Dell' assiatenza presente e futura dei nosfcri reduci del tutto inabilitati a qualunque forma di lavoro. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roina, 1917, ii, 22-23. Di alcuni problemi relativi all' assistenza degli invalidi di guerra in rapporto alia nuova legge. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Muitlati, Roma, 1917, ii, 103-114. La legge per la protezione degl' invalidi di guerra. Bollettino della Federa- zione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 4-8. Ppniamo gli invalidi d'ogni paese "au dessus de la mele." Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Muti- lati, Roma, 1917, ii, 235-236. Levy, William. Der Verlust der H&nde und ihr Ersatz. Berlin, 1916. McMurtrie, Douglas C. Work for cripples. Evening Post, New York, November 23, 1917. Malleterre. L'assistance aux invalides absolus de la guerre reformed No. 1 et pen- sioiines. In: Conference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Profession- nelle et des Questions qui Interessent lea Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 309-312. March, Lucien. Distribution des invalides de la guerre, suivant 1'invalidite*, la pro- fession, 1'etat de famille, d'apres la documentation de 1 'Office, national des mutilea et reformes de la guerre. In: Conference Interallied pour 1'Etude de la Reduca- tion Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 435-441. Modena, Gustavo. _ La colonia agricola per la rieducazione professionale dei soldati mutilati e stropi delle Marche, Aiicpna. Bollettino della Federzaione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 215. Monsani, Olga. Le commission! di Patrpnato, Infprmazioni e Collocamento. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Miiitari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 184-185. Mutilati di guerra da adibirsi come agenti postali rurali. Bollettino della Federa- zione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 214. Nicholson, Sir Charles. The assistance of sailors and soldiers: their families and de- pendents since the outbreak of war. In: Conference on War Relief and Personal Service * * * Westminster, June 10-12, 1915, London, 1915, p. 1-6. Norme provvisorie per la esecuzipne del decreto luogptenenziale 19 agosto 1916, n. 1012 per Tassistenza ai mutilati, agli storpi ed ai ciechi della guerra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 8-16. Opera (F) della Francia per i mutilati delta guerra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 159-160. Orlando. I premi per la rieducazione professionale. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 37-38. . Regplamento per Tesecuzione della Legge 25 Marzo 1917, n. 481, che istituisce 1'opera nazionale per la protezione e 1' assistenza degli invalidi della guerra. Bollet- tino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 199-213. Paeuw, Leon de. L'orientation professionnelle. In: Conference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 91-111. . La reeducation obligatoire. In: Conference Interalliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 291-301. -. La reeducation professionnelle des soldats mutiles et estropies. Paris, 1917. Paoletti, Egido. Nuovo tipo di apparecchio dimprotesi per mutilati di cpscia. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 262-266. Pensione (la) privilegiata di guerra non puo essere mai tolta o comunque diminuita. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 97-98. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. Ill Pemberton, Ralph. Recalled to Life. A review. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, New York, 1918, civ, 119-125. Pepper, O. H. Perry. A study of reeducation of disabled soldiers in France and England. By Linsly R. Williams. A review. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, New York, 1917, cliv, 924-926. Per I'impiegp degli invalidi di guerra. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 277-278. Per rinsegnamento della dattilografia ai mutilati. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 46-47. Permanent interallied commission for the purpose of examining questions of interest to war cripples. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, New York, 1917, cliv, 929-929. Pertusio, G. Mario. L'lstituto Romiti pro mutilati e Storpi di Guerra della Croce Roesa di Geneva. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assis- tenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 122-124. Pezzata, Ugo. ^ " Rieducazione professional " or "Rieducaione"? Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Aseistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 293-294. Physical (the) reeducation of disabled soldiers. Canadian Medical Association Journal, Toronto, 1917, vii, 1099-1101. Regnier, Pierre. Rapport general sur la reeducation agricole des mutiles et blesses de la guerre. In : Conference Interallied pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Profession- nelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapport, Paris, 1917, p. 183-201. Rehabilitation (the) of the crippled soldier. Medical Record, New York, 1917, xcii, 510-511. Rieffel, H., and A. Ripert. Les adjuvants mecaniques de reapprentissage. In: Conference Interallied pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui Interessent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 133-157. Rieffel, H., and J. Gourdon. Les appareils de prothese. In: Conference Interal- lied pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui In- teressent les Invalides de la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 53-84. Rubino, Cosimo. La scuola professional per gli invalidi della guerra. Bollet- tino della Federazione dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Muti- lati, Roma, 1917, ii, 298-299. Rubinow, I. M. Compensation for invalids of the war. Survey, New York, 1917, xxxviii, 541-544. School for disabled men established by Red Cross. Red Cross Bulletin, Washington, 1918, ii, no. 3. Scrutator (pseud.) Reeducation agricole pratique. Journal des Mutiles, Reformed, et Blesses de Guerre, Paris, 1917, ii, no. 47, p. 3. Silvestre, G. Une possibilite pour les mutiles. L'industrie de la bonneterie. Journal des Mutiles, Reformes, et Victimes de la Guerre, Paris, 1917, ii, no. 48, p. 2. Soldati mutilati agli esami di telegrafia Genova. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 45. Soldiers' (the) and sailors' insurance law. Survey, New York, 1917, xxxix, 39-40. Stoddard, Wm. Leavitt. Those who come back. How the Republic plans to care for the broken men who soon will be returning from her battles. Nation's Business, Washington, 1918, vi, 20-21, 36, 38. Sullivan, Joe F. America must educate her crippled soldiers. Van Leuven Browne National Magazine, Detroit, 1917, yi, no. 4, p. 6-7. The crippled soldier and sailor. Van Leuven Browne National Magazine, Detroit, 1917, vi, no. 4, p. 1. Szepesi, Eugene. Textile industry and disabled soldiers: Offers meager field for their reeducation can use those having textile experience. Textile World Jour- nal, New York, 1918, liii, no. 28, p. 111. Training the left hand of cripples. Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, 1916, Ixvii, 1173. United States Government to care for its disabled soldiers. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v., no. 4, p. 4o-48. Valentino, Ch. L'indennisation des infirmites de guerre. Le droit de rinfirme. Paris, 1917. Vocational reeducation of returned soldiers. Canadian Medical Association Journal, Toronto, 1917, vii, 1101-1104. 112 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF DISABLED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS, (i) del Congresso degji alleati per lo studio della rieducazione professional^ e e question! che interessano 1'assistenza agli invalid! della guerra. Bollettino Veto (i delle della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assistenza ai Militari Ciechi Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 133-139. War cripples to learn trades. Reconstruction work in Italy; studies by Red Cross workers for application here. Evening Sun, New York, 1917. January 3. Wardle, G. J. British labor party and the disabled. Monthly Review of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1917, v. no. 6, p. 80-81. Weill, Mme. David. Rapport general eur 1'organisation et le fonctionnement des e"coles de reeducation professionnelle pour les invalides. In: Conference Inter- alliee pour 1'Etude de la Reeducation Professionnelle et des Questions qui In- teressent les Invalides de, la Guerre. Rapports, Paris, 1917, p. 159-182. Zucchini, Dino. Tipo di apparecchio da lavoro per calzplai mutilati di cpscia. Bollettino della Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati di Assietenza ai Militari Ciechi, Storpi, Mutilati, Roma, 1917, ii, 195-197. THZS AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS OVERDUE. 371848 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY