'\ 
 
 n 
 
 ''^^ 
 
 ?>'\^ 
 
 ^ > 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 t'y- 
 
 't*
 
 \ 
 
 >fl# 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Commodore Byron ''cCandless 
 
 EDWARB J>UKE
 
 
 '*:' 
 
 *J 
 
 \ \n
 
 HUDIBRAS, 
 
 IN THREE PARTS, 
 
 "WRITTEN IN 
 
 THE TIME OF THE LATE WARS, 
 
 SAMUEL BUTLER, Esq, 
 
 WITH 
 
 LARGE ANNOTATIONS and A PREFACE, 
 
 HT 
 
 ZACHARY GREY, LL. D, 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. 11. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 I'UIKTED FOR TERNOR, HOOD, AND SHARPE ; OTRIDGE AND SON; 
 
 CUTHELLAND MARTIN; R. FAULDER ; LACKINGTON, ALLEN, 
 
 AND CO. ; J. WALKER J R. LEA ; OGILTY AND SON ; 
 
 J. NUNN ; W. J, AND J. RICHARDSON ; AND 
 
 LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME. 
 
 1806.
 
 
 HUDIBRAS. 
 
 P4RT II. CANTO III. 
 
 Vol. II. B 
 
 964572
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 The Knight with various doubts possessed. 
 
 To win the Lady, goes in guest 
 
 Of Sidrophel, the Rosicrucian, 
 
 To know the Destinies resolution ; 
 
 With whom Ving met, they both chop logic 
 
 About the science astrologic : 
 
 Till, falling from dispute to fight. 
 
 The conj*rer's worsted by the Knight,
 
 PART II. CANTO III. 
 
 Doubtless the pleasure is as great 
 Of being cheated as to cheat ; 
 
 This whole Canto is designed to expose astrologers, for^e- 
 tellcrs and conjurers. In banter of whom, Dr. James Vonng 
 (in his>jtract entitled Sidrophcl Vapulans, Sic. 1609, p. 35) in- 
 forms us, " That in the pontificate of sonic such holy father as 
 Gregory VII. a lover of the black art, one of the tribe, craved 
 of his Holiness a protector or patron saint for astrologers, like 
 as other arts had. The good Pontilf, Milling to oblige a faculty 
 he loved well, gave him the choice of all in St. Peter's. The 
 humble servant of Urania, depending upon the direction of good 
 stars to a good angel, went to the choice hood-winked ; and, 
 groping among the images, the first he laid hold on was that of 
 the Devil in combat with St. Michael. Had he chosen with his 
 eyes open, he could not have met with a better protector for so 
 diabolical an art." 
 
 It was a custom in .Alexandria, formerly, for astrologers to 
 pay a certain tribute, Avhich they called /"oo/'s potcc, because it 
 was taken from the gains which astrologers made by their own 
 ingenious folly, and credulous dotage of their admirers. (Tur- 
 kish Spy, vol. >iii- book iv. chap, x.) Sec judicial astrology ex- 
 posed by Cervantes, Don Quixote, vol. iii. chap. xxt. 
 
 15 2 V. 3,.^.
 
 4 IIUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 As lookers-on feel most delight, 
 
 That least perceive a juggler's slight j 
 5 And still the less they understand, 
 
 The more th' admire his slight of hand. 
 Some with a noise, and greasy light, 
 
 Are snapp'd, as men catch larks by night, 
 
 Ensnar'd and hampered by the soul, 
 10 As nooses by the legs catch fowl. 
 
 Some with a med'cine and receipt 
 
 Are drawn to nibble at the bait ; 
 
 And though it be a two-foot trout, 
 
 'Tis with a single hair pull'd out. 
 15 Others believe no voice t' an organ 
 
 So sweet as lawyer's in his bar-gown ; 
 
 Until with subtle cobweb-cheats, 
 
 Th' are catch'd in knotted law, like nets ; 
 
 In w^hich, when once they are imbrangled, 
 20 The more they stir, the more they're tangled ; 
 
 V. 3, 4. As loolcers-on feel most delight ^ Tliat least perceive a 
 jugglefs slight.'] See the art of juggling exposed, Scot's Discore- 
 ty of Witchcraft, book xiii. chap. xxii. to xxxiv. inclusive. 
 
 V. 8, Are snapp'd., as men catch larks htf night.] By the low- 
 bcll. See Bailey's Di(5tionary. 
 
 T. 23. yjpplj/ to wizards, &c.] Run after, in the edition of 1664. 
 
 V. 37. And as those vultures do forebode.] Alluding to the opi- 
 nion, that vultures repair beforehand to the place where battles 
 will be fought. Of tliis o;)lnion l^liny seems to be, Nat. Hist, 
 lib. X. cap. vi. See a confutation of it, notes upon Creech's Lu- 
 cretius, 1714, vol. 1. p. 3G0. These birds of prey have some- 
 times devoured one another. V idc Chronic. Chronicor. Politic. 
 lib. ii. p. 115. 
 
 V. 29, 30. A Jlam more senseless than the rogueri/ Of ol lanes, 
 picij andaug^nj.] See Dr. Kennet's Rom. Antiq. part ii. chap. iii. 
 and iv ; Chronic. Chronicor. Ecclesiastic, lib. ii. p. 400. Sci' ju- 
 0ici^l astrology exposed, Sir J. Maundevillc's Voyages and T^a, 
 
 VGS
 
 CUxTo III. HUDIBRAS. i 
 
 And while their purses can dispute, 
 
 There's no end of the immortal suit. 
 Otliers still gape t' anticipate 
 
 The cahinet designs of fate, 
 55 Apply to wizards, to foresee 
 
 What shall, and what shall never he. 
 
 And as those vultures do forebode, 
 
 Believe, events prove bad or good. 
 
 A flam more senseless than the roguery 
 30 Of old aruspicy and aug'ry, 
 
 That out of garbages of cattle 
 
 Presag'd th' events of truce or battle; 
 
 From flight of birds, or chickens pecking, 
 
 Success of great*st attempts would reckon : 
 35 Though cheats, yet more intelligible 
 
 Than those that with the stars do fribble. 
 This Hudibras by proof found true, 
 
 As in due time and place we'll shew: 
 
 tcJs, edit. 1727, p. 199', 200, in the play entitled Two Noble 
 Kinsmen, by Fletcher and Shakespeare, act i. edit. 1634. p. 2, 
 from the best authorities both ancient and modern, by Dr. James 
 Yoimg ; Sidrophel Vapnlans, or Quack astrologer tossed in a 
 Blanket, from p, 20 to 52 inclusive ; Spectator, No. 105 ; and 
 augury exposed, Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, chap. i. vi. vii. 
 tiii. xvii. xviii. xix. xx. 
 
 V, 33, 3 J. Prom^flight of birds, or chickens pecking, Success 
 ofgrcaVst attempts zcould reckon.'] See the opinions of the Ro- 
 mans in (his case, Dr. Kennct's Roman Antiquities, part ii. chap, 
 iii ; and the folly of such as were of this opinion exposed, Ben 
 Jonson's Masque of Augurs, vol. i. p. 88 ; Scot's Discovffy of 
 Witchcraft, book xi. p. 193, &c. ; Spectator, No. 7. 
 
 V. 35, 36. 1/ei moreiniclUgible -Than those thatKtth the stars 
 dofiiblde.] Gassendus ('see. his vanity of Judiciary Astrology, 
 p. 106) calls the whole art of astrology a mysterious nothing, a 
 fietlon more vain than vanity itself. 
 
 B 3 t. 45,
 
 HUDIBRAS. PARt 11. 
 
 For he with beard and face made clean, 
 40 Being mounted on his steed again ; 
 
 (And Ralpho got a cock-horse too 
 
 Upon his beast with much ado) 
 
 Advanced on for the Widow's house, 
 
 T* acquit himself, and pay his vows ; 
 45 When various thoujjhts bc2:an to bustle. 
 
 And with his inward man to justlc, 
 
 He thought what danger might accrue, 
 
 If she should find he swore untrue: 
 
 Or if his Squire or he should fail, 
 .50 And not be punctual in their tale, 
 
 It might at once the ruin prove 
 
 Both of his honour, faith, and love. 
 
 But if he should forbear to s:o. 
 
 She might conclude h* had broke his vow ; 
 55 And that he durst not now for shame 
 
 Appear in court, to try his claim. 
 
 This was the penn' worth of his thought, 
 
 To pass time, and uneasy trot. 
 
 Quoth he, in all my past adventures, 
 60 I ne'er was set so on the tenters ; 
 
 V. 45, 46. When various thoughts began to hustle, And zcith 
 his ihzcard man tojustle.~\ New scruples begin to spring .up in 
 the Knight's brain : It is correspondent with his character to be 
 perpetually troubled with cases of conscience ; and accordingly 
 the p^et has drawn him so from the beginning to the end of the 
 poem. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 57. This KOS thpemrzsorlh of his thought.^ The sum or 
 whole of it. 
 
 r. 61.
 
 CaKto III. HUDIBRAS. 
 
 Or taken tardy with dilemma. 
 That ev'ry way I turn does hem me ; 
 And with inextricable doubt 
 Besets my puzzled wits about : 
 
 65 For though the dame has been my bail, 
 To free me from enchanted jail, 
 Yet as a dog, committed close 
 For some offence, by chance breaks loose, 
 And quits his clog, but all in vain, 
 
 70 He still draws after him his chain ; 
 So, though my ancle she has quitted. 
 My heart continues still committed ; 
 And like a bail'd and main-priz'd lover, 
 Altho' at large, I am bound over : 
 
 75 And when I shall appear in court, 
 To plead my cause and answer for 't, 
 Unless the judge do partial prove, 
 What will become of me and love ? 
 For if in our account we vary, 
 
 80 Or but in circumstance miscarry, 
 Or if she put me to strict proof, 
 And make me pull my doublet off, 
 
 T, 61. Or takai tardy tcith dilemma.^ An argument in logic, 
 consisting of two or more propositions, so disposed, that, deny 
 which you will of them, you will be pressed ; and grant which 
 yeu will of them, the conclusion will inrolve you in difficulties 
 not easy to be got oyer. 
 
 V. 73. And like a baiVd and main.priz'd lover."] Alluding to 
 his being freed from the stocks by his mistress. See Bail and 
 Mainprize^ Jacob's Law Dictionary. 
 
 B 4 r. 88.
 
 6 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 To shew, by evident record, 
 
 Writ on my skin, I've kept my word, 
 85 How can I e'er expect to have her, 
 
 Having demurr'd unto her favour ? 
 
 Butj faith, and love, and honour lost. 
 
 Shall be reduc'd t' a knight o' th' post ? 
 
 Beside, that stripping may prevent 
 90 What I'm to prove by argument, 
 
 And justify I have a tail ; 
 
 And that way too my proof may fail. 
 
 Oh ! that I cou'd enucleate. 
 
 And solve the problem of my fate ; 
 
 V. 88. knight o' tW pout.'] One Avho for hire will 
 
 swear before a magistrate) or in a court of judicature, Avhatso- 
 ever you would have him. See Bailey's Dictionary, folio edit. 
 
 V. 95. Orfind^ hy necromantic art.'] Necromancy was an art 
 or act of communicating with devils, and doing surprising feats 
 by their assistance, and particularly by calling up the dead. 
 See a remarkable instance in the famous romance of Heliodorus, 
 Bishop of Tricca, /Ethiopicor, lib. vi. p. 300, &c. edit. Lug. 
 duni, 1611. 
 
 V. 96. Hozcfar the tlest'nies take mi/ part.'] Of all the scruples 
 and qualms of conscience that have hitherto -perplexed oor 
 Knight, it must be confessed that these with which he is now 
 assaulted are the most rational and best grounded : His fears arc 
 just, and his arguments unanswerable; and the dilemma with 
 which he is incumbered makes him naturally wish that all his 
 doubts were removed by a prognostication of his future fortune. 
 Ralpho, understanding the Knight's mind, takes this opportu- 
 nity to mention Sidrophel, Avho from this occasion is happily in- 
 troduced into the poem. (M. B.) 
 
 V. 103, 104, 1/et 'tis profane, yfnd sinful, rshenmeii 
 
 9rcear in vain.l These wretched hypocrites, though perjury was 
 w ith them a venial sin when it served their purpose, as appears 
 from the foregoing Canto, and indeed from all the impartial his- 
 torians of those times, yet, to carry an outAvard face of religion, 
 they were very punctual in the punishment of profane and com- 
 monswearing; and,accordingtoSirRobertHoward (Committee, 
 kc. act ii. se. i. p. 53), were more severe in the punishment of 
 
 swearing
 
 Canto HI. HUDIBRAS. 
 
 9S Or find, by necromantic art, 
 
 How far the dest'nies take my part ; 
 For if I were not more than certain 
 To win and wear her, and her fortune, 
 I'd go no farther in this courtship, 
 
 100 To hazard soul, estate, and worship ; 
 For though an oath obHges not, 
 Where any thing is to be got, 
 (As thou hast prov'd) yet 'tis prophane, -A I 
 And sinful, wlien men swear in vain. 
 
 105 Quoth Ralph, Not far from hence doth 
 A cunning man, hight Sidrophel. [dwell 
 
 swearing than cursing : for when Tcague Avas punished twelve- 
 pence for an oath, he asked what he should pay for a curse? they 
 said, Sixpence, lie then threw down sixpence, and cursed the 
 committee. 
 
 V. 106. A cunning man hi :j^ht SldropheL~\ William Lilly, the 
 famous astrologer of those times, w-ho in his yearly almanacks 
 foretold victories for the parliament, with as much certainty as 
 the preachers did in their sermons ; and all or most part of what 
 is ascribed to him, either by Ralpho or the poet, the reader will 
 find verified in his letter (if we may believe it) wrote by himself 
 to Klias Ashmolc, Esq. and printed a few years ago for E. Curl, 
 J. Pemberton, and W. Taylor, booksellers in London. In this 
 letter, or history of his own life, we find an account of several of 
 his predictions (such as happened to hit right, not such as failed) 
 and what encouragement he had from the parliameut and otlier;*. 
 Cut whenhefouiUlthat the authority of parliament began to sink, 
 and the power of the army to increase, he was as ready to prcdii^t 
 against the parliament as before he was for it, though he began 
 to do so almost too soon for his own security : for he tells us 
 (p. 69), that in the year 1650, he wrote, " that the parliament 
 {meaning the Rump) stood upon a tottering foundation, and that 
 the commonalty and soldiery would join against them." For this 
 he was taken up by a messenger, carried before a committee of 
 parliament, and shewed the words of his almanack. But having 
 notice beforehand of what was intended against him. he had got 
 that leaf new printed, and those obnoxious Mords left out. So 
 he denied the almanack to be his, and pulled half a dozen out of 
 
 1 4J I! vxT his
 
 to ifUDIBtlAS. 1>AHT IL 
 
 That deals in destiny's dark counsels, 
 And sage opinions of the moon sells ; 
 To whom all people, far and near, 
 
 llO On deep importances repair; 
 
 When brass and pewter hap to stray, 
 And linen slinks out of the way ; 
 When geese and pullen are seduc'd. 
 And sows of sucking pigs are chous'd ; 
 
 115 When cattle feel indisposition, 
 
 his pocket which were without that passage, and said, this was 
 a spurious impression, in which some enemies had put in those 
 werds, in order to ruin him : (Life, p, 70.) In which he was 
 seconded by a friend in the committee, who enlarged upon the 
 great services he had done the parliament : (Life, p. 71.) Not- 
 tvithstanding wliich, he was kept a prisoner in the messenger's 
 hand near a fortnight, end then released. What he had said of 
 thd Rump was at the instance of some of Cromwell's party. He 
 lived to the year 1681, being then near tighty years of age, and 
 published predicting almanacks to his death. He was succeeded 
 by Henry Coley (a tailor by trade) his amanuensis (sae Life, 
 p. 109); audafterhimcame JohnPartridge, who,somethingmore 
 than thirty years ago, was so exposed and ridiculed, for his pre- 
 dictions, by Isaac BickerstafF, Esq. (see Tatler, No. 1, 39, 118, 
 124, 216.) I know of no one since that has published prophetic 
 almanacks. (Dr. B.^ See a remarkable account of Lilly in Mt. 
 Hearne's Life of Mr. Anthony Wood, p. 505, 506, 507. 
 
 T. Ill, 112. When brass and pezvter hap to stray, And linen 
 dinks out of the tcai/. \ Sir John Birkenhead banters Lilly upon 
 this head (Paul's Church-yard, cent, 1, class. 1, f, 12.) " Pan- 
 ciroUiE Medela, a way to find things lost, by W. Lilly ; with a 
 Clavis to his Book, or the Art of his Art, by INIrs. Mary Frith.'' 
 
 This was an old pretence, made mention of by VN ierus (De 
 Pra?stigiis DEBinonum, lib. vi. cap. ii.) " Plerique insuper magi 
 Pythonis spiri(u inflati, artem divinandi profitentur, ct res perdi- 
 tas quis suifuratus fuerit, aut ubi cai reconditae sint, ct alia abdita, 
 vel etiam ancipitia, sc manifestare posset jactant.'' And Mr. Scot 
 mentions some of the charms made use of to find out a thief. 
 (Discovery of Witchcraft, book xii, chap. xvii. p. 2G0, 261, 262). 
 
 But the most whimsical is the charm of Sir John, or the priest, 
 to discover the persons who stole the miller's eels, in which the 
 priest was a party conccrnd. 1I
 
 Can-to III. IIUDIBRAS. tl 
 
 And need th' opinion of physician ; 
 When murrain reigns in hogs or sheep, 
 And chickens languish of the pip ; 
 When yest and outward means do fail, 
 120 And have no power to work on ale; 
 When butter does refuse to come, 
 And love proves cross and humoursome; 
 To him with questions and with urine, 
 They for discov'ry flock, or eating, 
 
 lie went into the pulpit, and with his surplice on his back, 
 and Jiis stole about his neck, he pronounced these words (sea 
 book xii. p. 2G5) : 
 
 '* All you that have stolen the miller's eels, 
 Laudate Doininum de ccelis ; 
 And all they [we] that have cousented threto, 
 Bcnedicaraus Domino^" 
 V. 121. JVhen butter does refuse to come. ^ " When a country 
 xvcnch (says Mr. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 120) cannot get her but- 
 ter to. come, she says the witch is in the churn." This is bantert>d 
 by Mr. Cotton (Virgil Travestie, book iv. p. 117) : 
 " She call'd to wash, and do you think 
 The Avater tum'd as black as ink. 
 And that by chance being churning day. 
 Her cream most strangely turn'd to whey. 
 This Dido saw, but would by no means 
 Tell her own sister of the omens." 
 
 See Spectator, No. 117. 
 Mr. Scot (Sec Discovery of Witchcraft, book xii.) observcj* 
 farther, <' That when the country people see that butter comcth 
 not, then get they out of the suspected witch's house a little but- 
 ter, whereof must be made three balls, in the name of the Holy 
 Trinity ; and so if they be put into the churn, the butter will 
 presently come, and the witchcraft will cease but if you put a 
 little sugar and soap into the churn among the cream, the butter 
 will never come." 
 
 Mr. Webster (see Displayof Witchcraft, book xii. chap. xxi. 
 p. 281) assigns natural causes for its not coming, Mith the me- 
 thods to make it come. 
 
 V. 122, 123. Amllove proves cross ami humour some; Tohimzcith 
 questions and with uritie.^ This is hinted at by Sir Robert Howard 
 (Commiftee-raan, aCl i. p. 19). lluti tells Arabella the heircs$ 
 
 (whom,
 
 12 HaDIBRAS. pAKtIL 
 
 125 Quoth Hudibras, This Sidrophcl 
 I've heard of, and should like it well, 
 If thou canst prove the saints have freedom 
 To go to sorcerers when they need 'cm. 
 Says Ralpho, There's no doubt of that ; 
 
 130 Those principles I quoted late 
 Prove that the godiy may alledge 
 For any thing their privilege ; 
 And to the dev'l himself ;nay go, 
 If they have motives thereunto. '* 
 
 (whom Mr. Day the commiHce-man had got into his custody Jy 
 *'That Mr. and Mrs. Day had sent to Lilly, and his learning be- 
 ing built upon what people would have him say, he was told for 
 cer(ain, that Abel their son must hare a rich heiress, and that 
 must be you.'' 
 
 And Lilly confesses (History of his Life and Times, p. 95), 
 *' That many peo])le of the poorer sort frequented his lodging, 
 many whereof were so civil, that when they brought waters, 
 viz. urines from infected people (in 1G65), they would stand at 
 a distance." 
 
 V. 127, 128. If thou ca7ist prove Ihe saints have freedom Togo 
 to sorc'rers uhen they need 'em.'] See Don Quixote's scruple in^ 
 this respect, rol. iii. chap. xxv. This question is argued in a book 
 entitled De Veneficis, per Lamburtum Danaeum, anno 1574, cap. 
 Ti. " Utrum liceat homini Christiarto sortiariorum opera ctauxi- 
 lio in morbo aliisque rebus uti ?" who determines, p. 120, in the 
 negative ; '* Quamobrem hoc sit tandem conclusum et ettectum 
 ex superioribns, neque debere neque oportere sortiariorum opera 
 nti, nisi et ipsi in eorum numero esse velimus." 
 
 Constantine the Great seems to be more favourable in his opi- 
 nion in the following law ; 
 
 " Nullis vero criminatiortibus implicanda sunt remedia huma- 
 nis quassita corporibus, aut in agrostibus locis innoccnter adhibita 
 suifragia, nc maturis vindemiis metuerentur imbres, aut ventiu, 
 grandinisque lapidatione quaterentur: quibus non cujusquamsa- 
 lus et aRStimalio lederetur : sed quorimi proficerent actus, ne di- 
 vina munera et laboreshominum stcrnercntur." Cod. Justinian. 
 lib. ix. tit. xviii. s. iv. 
 
 Sir John Birkenhead (Paul's Church-yard, cent. ii. class, ix. 
 sct. clxxix.^ puts this query, " Whether the reformers of this 
 
 time
 
 Canto HI. HUDIBRAS. IS 
 
 ] 35 For, as there is a war between 
 
 The dev'l and them, it is no sin 
 
 If they, by subtle stratagem, 
 
 Make use of him, as he does them. 
 
 Has not this present parhament 
 J 40 A leger to the devil sent. 
 
 Fully empower'd to treat about 
 
 Finding revolted witches out ? 
 
 And has not he, within a year, 
 
 HanQ'd threescore of *em in one shire ? 
 
 'to 
 
 time may safely trade in magic? because Luther and Dr. Faustu* 
 taught both in the same town." 
 
 And Lilly, when he and Booker had an audience of Sir Tho. 
 mas Fairfax, observed, " That he hoped the art was lawful, and 
 agreeable to God's word." (Life, p. 57, and General Historical 
 Dictionary, vol. vii. p. 83. See Spectator, No. 46.) 
 
 V. 139, 140. Has not iMs present parliament A leger to the 
 devil sent .^] Leger ambassadors were not more ancient than the 
 year 1500, as Mr. Anstis observes from Grotius (Register of the 
 Garter, part i. p. 394.) 
 
 V. 143, 144. Andhas not he, xcitldn a year, Hang'd threescore 
 qfcm in one shire.} Hopkins, the noted witch finder for the as* 
 soclated counties, hang'd threescore suspected witches in one year 
 in the county of Suffolk. See Dr. Hutchinson's Historical I'Issay 
 on Witchcraft, p. 37, 38. 
 
 Dr. Merle Casaubon, in his preface to Dr. Dee's Book of Spi- 
 rits, observes, That nine hundred men and women suffered in Lo- 
 rain for witchcraft in the compass of a few years; and Ludovicus 
 Paramo, that the inquisition, Mithin the space of one hundred 
 and fifty years, had burnt thirty thousand witches. Baker's 
 History of the Inquisition, p. 18G. 
 
 But our enthusiasms much exceeded both. Mr. Ady says, that 
 in Scotland some thousands were burnt in those times (Dr. Hut- 
 chinson, p. 38). I have somewhere seen an account of betwixt 
 three and four thousand that suftcr'd in the King's dominions 
 from the year 1G40 to the King's restoration. See a remarkable 
 incident of this kind in Bretagne, a province of Franco, Turkish 
 Spy, vol. iv. book iv. letter ix. 
 
 T. 145,
 
 14 HUDIBRAS. Part IF. 
 
 145 Some only for not being drown*d, 
 And some for sitting above ground, 
 Whole days and nights upon their breeches, 
 And, feeling pain, were hang'd for witches, 
 And some for putting knavish tricks 
 
 150 Upon green geese and turkey chicks. 
 Or pigs that suddenly deceased 
 Of griefs unnat'ral, as he guess'd ; 
 
 T. 145. Some only for not beittg drowii'd.'] This was another 
 method of trial, by water ordeal, of which Mr. Scot observes Irom 
 divers writers (book xiii. chap. ix. p. 303), " That a woman 
 above the age of fifty years, being bound liand and foot, her 
 cloaths being upon her, and being laid dawn softly in the water, 
 siuketh not in a long time, some say not at all." Dr. Hutchinson 
 somewhere observes, that not one in ten can sink in this position 
 of their bodies ; and, p. 55, " That we can no more convict a 
 witch upon the tricks of swimming, scratching, touching, or any 
 other such experiments, than we may convict a thief upon the 
 trial of the sieve and sheers." 
 
 V. 146,147, 148. ylnd some for silting above ground^ JVhole 
 days and nights, upon their breeches , And feeling pain, zvere 
 hang- df or icitchcs.] Alluding to one of the methods of trial made 
 use of in those days, mentioned by Dr. Hutchinson (Historical 
 Essay, p. 63). " Do but imagine (f^ays he) a poor creature, un- 
 der all the weakness and infirmities of old ago, set like a fool in 
 the middle of a room, with the rabble of ten towns round about 
 her house ; then her legs tied cross, that all the weight of her body 
 might rest upon her seat : by that means, after some hours that 
 the circulation of the blood would be much stopped, her sitting 
 would be as painful as the wooden horse. Then she must con- 
 tinue in her pain four and twenty hours without either sleep or 
 meat. And since this was their ungodly way of trial, what won- 
 der was it, if, when they were weary of thei^^lives, they confessed 
 many tales that would please them, and sometimes they knew not, 
 what ?" (See some remarkable methods of trial from Mr. White- 
 lock's Memorials ; Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 4th 
 vol. of the History of the Puritans, p. 97, 98. 99, 100; and in 
 Reginald Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, book ij. chap. xii. p. 
 ?,7y &c. published in 1584). 
 
 v. 153*
 
 Canto IIL HUDIBRAS. 15 
 
 Who after prov'd himself a witch, 
 
 And made a rod for his own breech, 
 1^5 Did not the devil appear to Martin 
 
 Luther in Germany, for certain ? 
 
 And wou*d have gull'd him with a trick, 
 
 But Mart, was too too politic. 
 
 Did he not help the Dutch to purge 
 160 At Antwerp their cathedral church ? 
 
 V. 153, 154. fVho a fier proved himself a zcitch, /In J made a 
 rod for his ovon breech.~\ " These two verses (says Dr. Hutchin. 
 son. Historical Essay, p. 65) relate to that which I have often 
 heard, that Hopkins went on searching and swimming the jioor 
 creatures, till some gentlemen, out of indignation at the barba. 
 rity, took him and tied his own thumbs and toes, as he used fa 
 tie others ; and when he was put into the water, he himself swam 
 as they did. This cleared the country of him ; and it was a great 
 deal-X)f pity that they did not think of the experiment sooner." 
 
 V. 155, 156. Did not the devil appear to Martin Luther in 
 Germany^ for certain?^ Luther, in his Mcnsalia, speaks of the 
 devil's appearing to him frequently, and how he used to drive 
 him away by scoffing and jeering him ; for he observes, that tho 
 devil, being a proud spirit, cannot bear to be contemned and 
 scoffed : " I often (says he, p. 381) said to him, Devil, I have 
 bewrayed my breeches, canst thou smell that ?" (Dr. B.) 
 
 And yet some popish writers (see Epistle to the Reader, pre, 
 fixed to the translation of Henry Stephens's Apology for Hero- 
 dotus, 1607, p. 3, from Cochlaeus, Staphylus, kc.) aflTirm that 
 Luther was begot by an incubus, and strangled by the devil. 
 (Vide etiam Wolfii Lection. Memorab. anno 1550, Par. Post, 
 p. 593.) 
 
 Mr. Oldham alludes to this aspersion (Third Satire against 
 the Jesuits) 
 
 " Make Luther monster, by a fiend begot, 
 With wings, and tail, and cloven foot." 
 
 T. 159. Did he not help the Dutchy t&c] *In the beginning of 
 the civil wars of Flanders, the common people of Antwerp in a 
 tumult broke open the cathedral chiirch, to demolish images and 
 shrines; and did so much mischief in a small time, that Strad^ 
 writes, there were several devils seen very busy among them, 
 otherwise it had been impossible. Strad. dcBello Bclgico, dec. 
 i. lib. i. p. 154. edit. Romae, 1640. 
 
 T. 161,
 
 I a IIUDIBRAS. Paut IU 
 
 Sing catches to the saints at Mascon, 
 And tell them all they came to ask him ? 
 Appear in divers shapes to Kelly, 
 And speak i' th* nun of Loudon's belly ? 
 
 l65 Meet with the Parliament's committee, 
 At Woodstock on a pers'nal treaty ? 
 
 T. 161. Sing calefies to (lie saints ai Mascon.'] *rhis devil (}e* 
 livcrcd his oracles iu -verse, which he sung to tunes, and made 
 several lampoons upon the Ilugacnots. 
 
 There was a treatise called The Ucvll of !iMascon, or the true 
 relation of (he chief things which an unclean spirit said at Mascon 
 in Burgundy, in the house of Mr. Francis Porreaud, minister of 
 the reformed church in the said town : written by the said Per- 
 reaud soon after the apparition, which was in the }ear 1612, 
 but not published till the year 1653, forty one years after the 
 thing was said to be done ; translated by Dr. I'etcr de Moulin, 
 at the request of Mr, Boyle. (See Webster's EHsplay of supposed 
 Witchcraft, chap. xri. p. 293.) 
 
 V. 163. Appcav in divers, &c. ] *Tho History of Dr. Dee and 
 the Devil, published by Mer. Casaubon, Isaac Fil. prebendary 
 of Canterbury, has a large account of all those passages, in 
 which the style of the true and false angels appears to be penned 
 by one and the same person. 
 
 y. 164. yind speak P th' nun of Londoji's licttij.'] Tlic nun of 
 liOudonin France, and all her tricks, have been seen by many per- 
 sons of quality of this nation yet living, who have made very 
 good observations npon the French book written upon that oc- 
 casion. Vide Hisi,toire de Diable de Loudun, ou de la possession 
 fie Religieuscs Ursulines, ct de la Condeunmtiou et du Sui)lico 
 D'l rbain Grandicrc Cure delamcme Ville: Astrol. etMag. 8vo. 
 Jso. 14137. Catal, Uibliotheca^ IlarlQian. voUi. Vide No. 14300. 
 
 y. 1G5, 166. Meet zcith the parliamenfs committee-^ AJ. lVoo({- 
 
 sfock ] *A committee of the long parliament, sitting in the 
 
 King's house in Woodstock pftrk, Mere terrified Avith several 
 apparitions, the particulars whereof were then the news of the 
 whole nation. See the narrative at largo, Di". Plot's Nat. Hist, 
 of Oxfordshire, p. 214, &c. 
 
 V. 167. At Sariim, Si.cJ\ ^Withers has a long story, in dog, 
 gcrel, of a soldier of the king's army, who being a prisoner at 
 Salisbury, and drinking a health to the devil upon his knees, 
 was carried away by him through a single pane of glass. 
 
 T. 169,
 
 Canto irr. HUDIBRAS. 17 
 
 At Sariim take a cavalier 
 1' th' cause's service prisoner ; 
 As Withers in immortal rhyme 
 170 Has register'd to after time ? 
 Do not our great reformers use 
 This Siclrophel to forebode news ; 
 
 T. 169. As Withers in immortal ihyme, &c.] This Withers 
 was a Puritanical officer in the parliament army, and a great 
 pretender to poetry, as appears from his poems enumerated by 
 A. Wood, (Athen, Oxon. vol. i. col. cclxxiv, &c. 1st. edit.) 
 but so bad a poet, that, when he was taken prisoner by the ca- 
 valiers, Sir John Detiham the poet (some of whose lands, at 
 Egham in Surry, Withers had got into his clutches) desired his 
 Majesty not to hang him ; because, so long as Withers lived, 
 Denham would not be accounted the worst poet in England. 
 Wood, ibid. col. cclxxiv. Bishop Kennet's Register aud Chro- 
 nicle, p. 094. 
 
 V. 171, 172. Do not our great reformers use This Sidrophei 
 io forebode nexvs?~\ Hear, O reader, one of these great reformers 
 thus canting forth the services of Lilly: " You do not know 
 the many services this man hath done for the parliament these 
 many years, or how many times, in our greatest distresses, we 
 applying unto him, he hath refreshed our languishing expecta- 
 tions ; he never failed us of a comfort in our most uuhappy 
 distresses. I assure you, his writings have kept up the spirits 
 of both the soldiery, the honest people of this nation, and many 
 of us parliament men," (See Lilly's Life, p. 71.) (Mr. B.) 
 
 Lilly was one of the close committee to consult about the 
 King's execution (See Mr. Echard's History of England, vol. ii. 
 p. 641 ;) and for pay foretold things in favour of all parties, as 
 has been before observed ; the truth of which is confirmed from 
 the following passage in a letter of intelligence to Secretary 
 Thurloe from Bruges, Sept. 29, 1656, (Thurloe's State Papers, 
 vol. V. p. 431) : " Lilly, that rogue, wholives byStrand bridge, 
 hath sent a letter unto Sir Edward Walker, who is one of his 
 Majesty's secretaries, who is also an astrologer, to wish them 
 to have a good heart and be courageous. He was confident, and 
 foresaw, by art, that the King and his adherents would be re- 
 stored in the year 57 to the throne and kingdom of England ; and 
 hereupon they depend much : because such a prophet saith it, 
 who hath rightly prophesied of the former king's death, so he 
 must needs have aainfalFible prophecy of this man's restoration." 
 
 Vol. IL C t. 173.
 
 18 HUDIBRAS. f ART II. 
 
 To write of victories next year, 
 And castles taken yet i' th' air ? 
 17o Of battles fought at sea, and ships 
 Sunk two years hence, the last eclipse ? 
 A total overthrow giv'n the King 
 In Cornwall, horse and foot, next spring? 
 
 . 173. To tcritc of victories next year. ~\ Mr. Butler (Memoirs 
 of the years 1649-50, Remains) has exposed his ignorance in 
 the following -words: " O (says he) the infallibility of Erra- 
 Pater Lilly ! The wizard perhaps may do much at hot-cockles 
 and blindman's buff; but I durst undertake to poze him in a 
 riddle, and his intelligence in a dog and a wheel : an overturned 
 salt is a surer prophet, the sieve and sheers are oracles to him : 
 a Avhining pig sees further into a storm : rats will prognosticate 
 the ruin of a kingdom with more certainty ; and as for palmes- 
 try, a gipsey, or a DERRIC (see the word D. E. R. I. C. ex- 
 plainedj Gruteri Fax Art. tom. i. cap. iii. p. 322) may be his 
 tutor; the wittal is cuckolded over and over, and yet the 
 Oedipus is blind ; like the old witch who, being consulted to 
 discover a thief, could not discover Avho had sh t at her own 
 door. Indeed he is excellent at fortclling things past, and cal- 
 culates the deputy's nativity after he is beheaded ; and, by start- 
 ing a prophecy, he excites the credulous vulgar to fulfil it : 
 Thus can he antidate Cromwell's malice, depose the King five 
 years beforehand, and instruct Ralph how to be damned. Im- 
 pious villain ! to make the spheres like the associated counties, 
 and the hearonly houses so many lower houses, fix a guilt upon 
 the stars, and persuade the planets were rebels, as if it were a 
 sequestration star, or any constellation looked like a committee." 
 His reputation was lost upon the false prognostic on the 
 eclipse that was to happen on the 29th of March 1652, common- 
 ly called Black Monday; in which his predictions not being ful- 
 ly answered, Mr. Heath observes (Chronicle, p. 210J " that 
 he was regarded no more for the future than one of his own 
 Avorthless almanacks." Dr. Young (Sidrophcl Vapulans) makes 
 the following remark upon him. 1 have (says he) read all Lill> "s 
 almanacks, from forty to sixty, in the holy time of that groat 
 rebellion to Avhich he was accessary, and find him always the 
 whole breadth of heaven wide from the truth ; scarce one of his 
 predictions verified, but a thousand contrarywise : it is hard 
 thait a man shooting at rovers so many years together should 
 
 never
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 19 
 
 And has not he point-blank foretold 
 
 180 Whats'e'er the close committee would ? 
 Made Mars and Saturn for tlie cause, 
 The moon for fundamental laws : 
 The ram, the bull, and goat declare 
 Against the book of common-prayer ? 
 
 never hit the right mark." See Sir Edward Walker's Historical 
 Collections published 1707, page 227, &c. 
 
 V. 174. Jnd castles taken jjet t' tli' air?'] A sneer, probably, 
 upon the report published in 1642, in a tract entitled A great 
 Wonder in Heaven, shewing the late apparitions and prodigious 
 noises of war and battles seen at Edge-hill, near Keinton in 
 Northamptonshire, certified under the hands of William Wood, 
 Esq. justice of the peace in the said county, Samuel Marshal, 
 preacher of God's word at Keinton, and other persons of qua- 
 lily ; London, printed for Thomas Jackson, Jan. 23, Anno 
 Dom. 1642, penes me. 
 
 In the 36th year of the reign of Edward III. Ralph Higdea 
 says (see PoHchronicon translated by Treviza, lib. ult. cap. i. 
 fol. 317. b.) there appeared both in England and France, and 
 many other places, two castles in the air, out of which issued two 
 hosts of armed men, the one clothed in white, the other in black. 
 
 V. 179, 180. And has not he point-blank foretold what s^e'^er the 
 close committee would?] The parliament took a sure way to se 
 cure all prophecies, prodigies, and almanac-news from stars, &c. 
 in favour of their own side, by appointing a licenser thereof, 
 and strictly forbidding and punishing all such as were not licens- 
 ed. Their man for this purpose was the famous Booker, an 
 astrologer, fortune-teller, almanac-maker, &c. See v. 1093 of 
 this Canto, and the note thereon ; sec also note upon Part vi. 
 Canto ii. v. 6!iO. The words of his license, in Rushworth, arc 
 very remarkable : For mathematics, almanacs, and prognostica- 
 tions. If we may believe Lilly, both he and Booker did conjure 
 and prognosticate well for their friends the parliament. He tells 
 us, " When he applied for a license for his Merlinus Anglicus 
 Junior (in April 1644), Booker wondered at the book, made 
 many impertinent obliterations, framed many objections, and 
 swore it was nut possible to distinguish bctweeaa king and a par- 
 liament, and at last licensed it according to his own fancy. Lilly 
 delivered it to the printer, who being an arch Presbyterian, had 
 five of the ministers to inspect it, who could make nothing of it, 
 
 C2 but
 
 to IIUDIBRAS. Part If. 
 
 185 The scorpion take the protestation, 
 
 And bear engage for reformation ? 
 
 Made all the royal stars recant, 
 
 Compound, and take the covenant ? 
 Quoth Hudibras, The case is clear, 
 190 The saints may 'mploy a conj^irer. 
 
 As thou hast prov'd it by their practice ; 
 
 No argument like matter of fact is. 
 
 And we are best of all led to 
 
 Men's principles, by what they do. 
 195 Then let us straight advance in quest 
 
 Of this profound gymnosophist; 
 
 And as the fates and he advise, 
 
 Pursue or Avave this enterprise. 
 
 but said it might be printed ; for in that he meddled not with 
 their Dagoii:" (Lilly's Life, p. 44) which opposition to Lilly's 
 book arose from a jealousy, that he was not then thoroughly ia 
 the parliament's interest : which was true ; for he frankly con- 
 fesses, *' that, till the year 1645, he was more Cavalier than 
 Roundhead, and so taken notice of; but after that, he engaged 
 body and soul in the cause of the parliament." (Life, p. 45.). 
 Afterwards we find (among other curious particulars^ that when 
 there was a difference between the army and parliament, he and 
 Booker were carried in a coach with four horses to Windsor 
 f where the army's head-quarters then were^, were feasted in a 
 garden, where General Fairfax lodged, who bid them kindly 
 w^elcorae, and entered into a conference with them : ("Life, p. 
 57.J That when Colchester was besieged, Booker and himself 
 were sent for, where they encouraged the soldiers, assuring them 
 (by figures) that the town would shortly surrender ; that they 
 were well entertained at the head quarters two days, ("Life, p. 
 67, 68.J That in Oliver's protectorship, all the soldiers were 
 friends to Lilly ; and the day of one of their fights in Scotland, a 
 soldier stood up with his Anglicus in his hand, and as the troops 
 passed by him, read that month's prediction aloud, saying, 
 *' Lo ! hear what Lilly saith, you are in this month promised 
 itory ; fight it out brave boys." CLilly's Life, p. 83.; (Mr. B.^ 
 
 V. 181,
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. ,, 
 
 This said, he tiirn'd about liis steed, 
 200 And eftsoons on th' adventure rid ; 
 
 Where leave we him and Ralph a while 
 
 And to the conjurer turn our style. 
 
 To let our reader understand 
 
 What's ^iseful of him beforehand. 
 2,05 ^He had been long towards mathematics, 
 
 Optics, philosophy, and statics. 
 
 Magic, horoscopy, astrology. 
 
 And was old dog at physiology ; 
 
 But as a dog that turns the spit, 
 210 Bestirs himself, and plies his feet. 
 
 V. 181,187. Made Mars, &c. Matfe all the royal stars recant.'] 
 The hidden satire of this is extremely fine: By the several planets 
 and signs here recapitulated, are meant the several leaders of tho 
 parliament army who took, the covenant; as Essex and Fairfax, 
 by Mars and Saturn. But the last, made oil the royal stars re- 
 cant, &c. evidently alludes to Charles, Elector Palatine of the 
 Rhine, and King Charles II. who both took the covcuant. (Mr. 
 W.) 
 
 V. 196. gymnosophist.] Vid. Jo. & Fra. Pici Mirandula; 
 
 op. passim. Chambers's Cyclopedia ; and their method of educating 
 their disciples, Spectator, No, 337. 
 
 V. 205. He had been long inwards mathematics. ] See J. Taylor's 
 poem, entitled, a Figure-flinger, or Couzening cunning Man, 
 Works, p. 12 ; Gruteri Fax Art. tom. vi. par. ii. p. 536, 537. 
 
 V. 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214. But, as adog that turns the 
 spit, Bestirs himself, and plies his feet, To climb the wheel, but 
 all in vain, His ovm weight brings him dozen again, Jnd still 
 he's in the self -same place fVhere at his setting out hewas.~\ Mr. 
 Prior's imitation of this simile is very beautiful, and I think it 
 an improvement of it. 
 
 " Dear Thomas, didst thou never pop 
 Thy head into a tinman's shop ? 
 
 C 3 There,
 
 n HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 To climb the wheel, but all in vain, 
 His own weight brings him clown again. 
 And still he's in the self-same place 
 Where at his setting out he was ; 
 
 215 So in the circle of the arts, 
 
 Did he advance his nat'ral parts, 
 Till falling back still, for retreat, 
 He fell to juggle, cant, and cheat ; 
 For as those fowls that live in water 
 
 220 Are never wet, he did but smatter ; 
 Whate'er he laboured to appear. 
 His understanding still was clear ; 
 
 There Thomas, didst thou never see, 
 
 ('Tis but by way of simile) 
 
 A squirrel spend his little rage 
 
 In jumping round a rolling cage ? 
 
 The cage at either side turns up, 
 
 Striking a ring of bells a top ; 
 
 Mov'd in the orb, pleas'd with the chimes. 
 
 The foolish creature thinks he climbs : 
 
 But here or there, turn wood or wire, 
 
 He nerer gets two inches higher." (Mr. B.) 
 
 y. 124. Since old Hodge Bacon, kc.^ *Roger Bacon, commonly 
 called Friar Bacon, lived in the reign of our Edward I. and, for 
 some little skill he had in the mathematics, was by the rabble ac- 
 counted a conjurer, and had the sottish story of the brazen head 
 fathered upon him by the ignorant monks of those days. 
 
 lb. and Bob Grosted.'] Bishop Grosted was bishop of 
 
 Lincoln, 20 Henry III. A. D. 1235. "He was suspected by the 
 clergy to be a conjurer : for which crime (the printed notes ob- 
 serve) he was deprived by Pope Innocent IV. and summoned to 
 appear at Rome." But this is a mistake: For the Pope's antipa- 
 thy to him was occasioned by his frankly expostulating with him 
 (both personally and by letter^ on his encroachments upon th? 
 English church and monarchy. He was persecuted by Pope In- 
 nocent, but it is not certain that he was deprived, though Bale 
 thiuks he was. The Pope was inclined to have had his body dug 
 
 up,
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 2S 
 
 Yet none a deeper knowledge boasted, 
 Since old Hodge Bacon, and Bob Grostcd, 
 
 225 Til' intelligible world he knew, 
 
 And all men dream on*t to be true; 
 That in this world there's not a wart 
 That has not there a counterpart ; 
 Nor can there on the face of ground 
 
 230 An individual beard be found, 
 
 That has not, in that foreign nation, 
 A fellow of the self-same fashion ; 
 So cut, so colour'd, and so curl'd, 
 As those are in th' inferior world, 
 
 up, but was dissuaded from it. He was a man of great learning^ 
 considering the time in which he Ured, and wrote books to th 
 number of almost two hundred. (Sec Bishop Godwin's Catalogue 
 of Bishops, edit. 1615, p. 298, &c. Fabian's Chronicle, part ii. 
 folio 25.) He suppressed an idle practice in that church of keep- 
 ing the feast of fools, (which was likewise suppressed in the col- 
 lege of Beverly in the year 1391. See Mr. Anstis's Register of 
 the Garter, toI. i. p. 309.) " Qua])ropter yobis mandamus, ia 
 Tirtute obedientiae firmiter injungcntes : quateuus festum stulto- 
 rum, cum sit vanitate plenum, ct voluptatibus spurcum, Dea 
 odibilc, et daemonibus amabile, de caetcro in ecclesii Lincoln. 
 Die venerandae solennitatis circumcisionis Domini, nullatenus 
 permittatis fieri." Vide Opuscul. Ro. Grossetest. Append. Fasci- 
 cul. Rer. Expetendar. et fugiendar. epist. xxxii. p. 331. This 
 feast was continued in France till about the year 1444. See an 
 account of it, Mezeray's History of France, translated by Bulteel^ 
 p. 293. 
 
 V. 225. TA' intelligible vcorld he kneic.'] See Norris^s IdcaJ 
 World. 
 
 V.233. So cut, so coloured, &c.] Dr. Bulwer observes fromStra- 
 bo (Artificial Changeling, sc. xii. p. 212), " That in Catbea 
 the men for an ornament dye their beards with many and diverse 
 colours, and many of the Indians do it: for the region bears ad- 
 mirable colours for the tincture of their hairs." See more, p, 
 213,214, 
 
 C 4 T. 235,
 
 U HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 235 H* liad read Dee's prefaces before 
 The Dev'l, and Euclid, o'er and o'er, 
 And all the intrigues *twixt him and Kelly, 
 
 T. 235, 236. //' had read Dee's prefaces before T/ie DevH, 
 and Euclid^ o'er and o'er,'] Dee was a Welchnian, and educated 
 at Oxford, -where he commenced doctor, and afterwards tra- 
 rell'd into foreign parts, in quest of chemistry, &;c. Lilly saith^ 
 that he was Queen Elizabeth's intelligencer, and had a salary for 
 his maintenance from the secretaries of state : That he w as the 
 most ambitious man living ; and was never so well pleased as 
 "u hen he heard himself styled most Excellent. 
 
 In 1659 was printed in folio. A Relation of what passed for 
 many years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits. It begins 
 May 28, 1583, and ends September 7, 1007. it was published 
 hy Meric Casaubon, D. D. with a learned preface, in which we 
 have the following account. 
 
 Dr. Dee, when young, was sought unto by two Emperors, 
 Charles, and Ferdinand his brother and successor, as he saith in 
 his letter to the Emperor Rodolph. Mr. Camden in 1572 calls 
 him Nobilis Mathematicus. He dedicated his Monas Hicrogly- 
 phica to Maximilian, Ferdinand's successor, in 1564. In 1 595 he 
 wrote an apology for himself to the then Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury (Whitgift), in w hich he gives a catalogue of his works, in 
 number 50 or 51, unprinted; among which is Apologia pro fratrc 
 Rogcro Bachone Anglo, in qua docetur nihil ilium per daemonio- 
 rum fecisse auxilia ; and eight printed ones, three of which are 
 probably alluded to by Mr. Butler, in the wov A prefaces. Episto- 
 la praefixa cphemeridi Johannis Feldc, 1557 j Epistola ad Com- 
 mandinum, prasfixa libello Mahomcti de superficierum divisioni- 
 bus, 1570; and his mathematical preface to Euclid 1570. At 
 the end of his apology is a testimonial from the university of 
 Cambridge, dated 14 Cal. April 1548, whereby it appears, that 
 he was M. A. et quod plurimam sibi et doctrin<e et honeitatis 
 laudem comparavit. 
 
 Above thirty years after that, his (pretended) commerce with 
 angels began, the account of which was all wrote with his own 
 hand, and communicated by Sir Thomas Cotton. He had a round 
 stone like a crystal brought him (as he said) by angels, in which 
 others saw apparitions, and from whence they heard voices, which 
 he carefully wrote down from their mouths. He names at least 
 twenty spirits: Gabriel, Raphael, Michael, and Uriel are known, 
 names of good angels; the rest are too fantastical tobemention- 
 ed, particularly such as Ash. II, Po, Va, &c. What kind all these 
 were of, if they were any thing more than fancy, is plain, from a 
 
 1 revelation
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 25 
 
 Lesciis and th' Emperor, would tell ye: 
 But with the moon was more familiar 
 240 Than e'er was almanac well-wilier ; 
 
 revelation of theirs, April 18, 1587, enjoining community of 
 wives to Dee and Kelly, which iujunttion they most conscienti. 
 ously obeyed. 
 
 He was so confident as to address himself to Queen Elizabeth 
 and her council often, and to King James and his, to the Empe- 
 ror llodolph, Stephen King of Poland, and several other Princes ; 
 and to the Spanish ambassador in Germany, He had thoughts 
 of going to the Pope, had he not been banished Germany, as he 
 thought at the instance of the Nuncio, who seems to deny it iaa 
 letter of his to Dr. Dee, which may be worth reading. 
 
 Dee's chief seer was Edward Kelly, from whose reports the 
 shapes and words of the apparitions were m rote. 
 
 Alasco Palatine of Poland, Pucci a learned Florentine, and 
 Prince Rosemburg of Germany, the Emperor's Viceroy of Bo- 
 hemia, were long of the society, and often present at their actions, 
 as was once the King of Poland himself. After Kelly's death, 
 in 1587, Arthur Dec was admitted to be a seer, and reported to 
 his father what he saw in the stone, but heard nothing from it. 
 In 1-607, one Bartholomew Hickman was operator, and both saw 
 and heard. In that year Dee foretells what was become of stolen 
 goods. There is no account when or how he died. (Mr. S. W.) 
 
 In Dee's account of himself (sec Johan. Glastoniens. Chronic. 
 1726, a Tho. Hearne, appendix, p. 504) he says, he was otTercd 
 two hundred French crowns yearly to be one of the French 
 King's mathematicians; that he might have served five Christian 
 Emperors, namely, Charles V.Ferdinand, Maximilian, Rodolph, 
 and the then Emperor of Muscovy ; each of them otfering him a 
 stipend, from five hundred dollars yearly, to one thousand, two 
 thousand, three thousand ; and that his Russian Majesty oilered 
 him two thousand pounds sterling yearly stipend, with a thousand 
 rubles from his Protestor, and his diet out of his own kitchen ; 
 and he to be in dignity and authority amongst the highest sort 
 of nobility and privy counsellors. (See more, ibid, from p. 490 
 to 556, inclusive.) 
 
 V. 238. Lesctis.^ Albertus Lascus, Lasky, or Alasco, Prijicc 
 Palatine of Poland, concerned with Dee and Kelly. See Casau- 
 bon's Preface, and Dee's Book of Spirits; and Append. Johau. 
 Glastoniens. Chrou. p. 510. 
 
 V. 239. But nith the moon xvas more f (miliar.'] As great a pre* 
 tender it is plain he was, from ^YaX has bcea before observed, 
 
 as
 
 26 HUDIBR AS. Part U. 
 
 Her secrets understood so clear, 
 That some bcliev'd he had been there j 
 Knew when she was in fittest mood 
 For cutting corns, or letting blood; 
 
 245 When for anointing scabs or itches, 
 Or to the bum applying leeches ; 
 When sows and bitches may be spay'd. 
 And in what sign best cyder's made ; 
 Whether the wane be or increase 
 
 250 Best to set garlic, or sow pease ; 
 
 9,s old Foresight (seeCongreve's Love for Love, aft ii. sc. v), who, 
 speaking to Sir Sampson Legend of his great knowledge in this 
 way, says, " I tell you that I have travelled and travelled in the 
 celestial spheres, know the signs and the planets, and their houses j 
 can judge of motions dire6t and retrograde, of sextiles. quadrates, 
 trines, and oppositions, fiery trigons, and aquaticaltrigo-ns ; know 
 whether life shall be long or short, happy or unhappy ; whether 
 diseases are curable or incurable ; if journeys shall be pros- 
 perous, and undertakings successful, or goods stolen recovered j 
 I know " 
 
 v. 240. 7%an e'er zsas almanac rcell-mtler.'] See the term in, 
 Cleveland's Chara(5ter of aLondon Diurnal, Works, 1677, p. 103. 
 
 Had the Precisians of those times known that the church of 
 Rome had taken the almanac into the number of her saints, they 
 Mould never have suffered Booker to have been a licenser of 
 almanacs (as he Mas, see Note on v. 179, 180), or Lilly, their 
 famed astrologer, and almanac wcll-willerj to have published 
 any thimg under that title. 
 
 The learned Mr. Henry Wharton, in his preface to, this tradt, 
 ^nlitled, The Enthusiasm of the Church of Rome demonstrated, 
 in some Observations upon the I^ife of Ignatius Loyola, London j 
 1688, gives the following account : 
 
 "The church of Rome (saith he) hath taken the almanac into 
 the number of the saints, and canonised it under the name of 
 St. Almachins, solemnizeth its menjory on the first day of Janu- 
 ary, and giveth to it an illustrious character in the martyrology. 
 This probably proceeded from the mistake of soaie ignorant 
 monk, about the seventh or eighth age, Mho, finding the Morcl 
 S. Almauacum (Saaftum Almanacum) Mrittenin the front of
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. ^ 
 
 Who first found out the man i' th' moon, 
 That to the ancients was unknown ; 
 How many dukes, and earls, and peers, 
 Are in the planetary spheres ; 
 
 Q55 Their airy empire, and Command, 
 
 Their sev'ral strengths by sea and land 
 What factions th* have, and what they drive at 
 In public vogue, or what in private ; 
 With what designs and interests 
 
 Q60 Each party manages contests. 
 
 the calendar, and not knowing what to make of that barbarona 
 term, with which he was before unacquainted, imagined it to be 
 some ancient obscure saint, who took up the first place in the ca- 
 lendar. Being possessed with this error, it was no hard matter 
 to make St. Almachiiis of Sanctum Almanacura, Avritten in the 
 old way of abbreriation. Having thus framed the saint, out of 
 good manners, he placed him after the circumcision of our Lord, 
 the memory of which is celebrated upon the same day; but yet, 
 to keep the former order as much as possible, it stands immedi- 
 ately after it, as it now continueth in the Roman martyrology. 
 This unhappy mistake was then transcribe<l into many other co- 
 pies, and so increased the rabble of the Romish saints with the 
 addition of St. Almanac ; afterwards a goodly story was framed 
 of him, that he suffered martyrdom at Rome, under the prefec- 
 ture of Alippius, where, reprehending the gladiators in the am- 
 phitheatre, for their bloody sports, he was killed by them." 
 
 V. 243, 244, 249, 250. Krew when she zcas injittest mood 
 For cutting corns or letting blood ; IVhether the icanc be or iii" 
 crease Best to set garlic, or soze pease. ^ " The moon in full or 
 wane, increasing or decreasing her light, for the most advanta- 
 geous sowing of seeds, setting, grafting, removing of plants or 
 trees, purging baths, and the like, though they do not belong 
 to judiciary astrology, yet arc commonly referred to it, partly 
 through the ignorance of the multitude, but mostly through (he 
 cunning, arrogance, and vanity of astrologers." Gassendus's 
 Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, chap. xiii. p. 84 ; chap. xvii. 
 p. 1 12. See the account Peter the goit.herd gives of the 
 scholar Chrysostom, Don Quixote, part i. book li. chap. ir. 
 p. 100. 
 
 r. 265.
 
 28 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 He made an instrument to know 
 
 If the moon shine at full or no ; 
 
 That would, as soon as e'er she shone, straight 
 
 Whether 'twere day or night demonstrate; 
 
 265 Tell what her di'meter t' an inch is, 
 
 And prove that she's not made of green cheese. 
 It would demonstrate, that the man in 
 The moon 's a sea mediterranean ; 
 And that it is no dog nor bitch, 
 
 270 That stands behind him at his breech ; 
 But a huge Caspian sea, or lake. 
 With arms, which men for legs mistake ; 
 How large a gulph his tail composes, 
 And what a goodly bay his nose is j 
 
 275 How many German leagues by th' scale 
 
 V. 265. Tell uhat her di'meter V an inch is.'] Dr Harris (see 
 Astronomical Dialogues, 2d edit. p. 107) obscrres, that the 
 moon's diameter is almost two thousand two hundred miles. Dia- 
 meter in geometry is the line which passes through the middle 
 of any figure, from one angle to another. Bailey's Dictionary^ 
 
 T. 266. And prove that she'' s not made of green cheese.~\ John 
 Taylor (see epigram vii. entitled, The Sculler, p. 22) thus ban. 
 ters the poor Cambro Britons : 
 
 " The way to make a Welshman thirst for bliss, 
 
 And say his prayers daily on his knees, 
 Is to persuade him that most certain 'tis 
 
 The moon is made of nothing but green cheese j 
 And he'll desire of God no greater boon, 
 But place iuheav'n to feed upon the moon." 
 
 f 
 T. 283, 284. Quote moles andspots on anyplace O^th* body by 
 the index face.'] Lilly, speaking of his teaching his art to one Hum- 
 phreys, a pretender to astrology, says (Life, p. 36), " As we 
 were at supper, a client came to speak with him, and so up 
 into his closet he went with his client, called him in before he 
 set his figure, or resolved the question, and instantly acquainted 
 
 him
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 2g 
 
 Cape snout*s from promontory tail. *'^ 
 He made a planetary gin, ' 
 
 Which rats would run their own heads in, 
 And come on purpose to be taken, 
 
 280 Without th' expence of cheese or bacon; 
 With hite-strings he would counterfeit 
 Maggots that crawl on dish of meat ; 
 Quote moles and spots on any place 
 O' th' body, by the index face ; 
 
 235 Detect lost maidenheads, by sneezing, 
 Or breaking wind of dames, or pissing; 
 Cure warts and corns, with application 
 Of med'cines to th* imagination ; 
 Fright agues into dogs, and scare 
 
 290 With rhymes, the tooth-ach and catarrh : 
 
 him how he should discover the moles or marks of his client. 
 He set his figure, and presently discovered four moles the 
 querent had, and was so overjoyed therewith, that he came 
 tumbling down stairs, crying, four by G , four by G , I 
 will not take one hundred pounds for this one rule. In six 
 weeks time, and tarrying with him three days in a week, he 
 became a most judicious person." See Henry Goley's Key to 
 Astrology new filed, 2d edit. chap. xvi. iv. * 
 
 v. 285. Dcte6l, &c.] Democritus, the laughing philosopher, 
 could do this upon a bare view of the person. " Puclla-quc 
 vitium solo aspectu deprehendit." HolTmanni Lexic. sub voco 
 Democritus ; Diogenis Laertii vit. Democriti, Segni. xlii ; Dr. 
 Wotton's Reflections upon ancient and modern learniqg, 
 chap. viii. p. 104. 
 
 V. 287, 288. zcUh application Of meiPcims to th' imagina' 
 iion.j There have been pretenders in all ages to the cure of dis- 
 tempers by amulets, which certainly require a strong faith, or 
 great opinion of the person. Varius (as Mr. Webster observed, 
 Display of supposed Witchcraft, chap. xvii. p. 324, from his 
 book, De Fascino, lib. i. cap. v. p. 22) quotes a passage from Ga- 
 len to this purpose : Sunt quidem naturala^ti, qui quandowgro- 
 
 tant
 
 30 IIUDIBRAS. Part If. 
 
 Cliace evil spirits away by dint 
 
 Of cickle, horse-shoe, hollow-flint; 
 
 tant, si cos sanos futuros roedicus confirmet, convalescuiit ; 
 qnoriim spcs saiiitatis est causa : et medicus si animi dcsideriuni 
 incantationc, autalicujus rei dd collum appcnsioQc adjuverit; 
 citius ad yalctudincm pcrducet.'' 
 
 I hare heard of a merry baronet, Sir B. B. who had great 
 success in the cure of agues this way. A gentleman of his ac- 
 quaintance applying to him for the cure of a stubborn quartan, 
 which had puzzled the bark, he told him he was sure he had 
 no faith, and would be prying into the secret ; and then, not- 
 withstanding he staved ofif a lit or two, it would certainly re- 
 turn again : lie promised him uj)on his word and honour he would 
 not look into it; but when he had escaped a second fit, he had 
 the curiosity, notwithstanding his promise, to open the paper, 
 
 and he found notliing in it but these words. Kiss mine . See 
 
 Philosophical Transactions, vol. xv. No. 78, p. 1289. Remark- 
 able was the famous Mr. Selden's cure of a hypochondriacal 
 person of quality, who complained to him, that he had devils 
 in his head, but was assured he could cure him. Mr. Selden, 
 trusting to the great opinion the gentleman had of him, wrapped 
 a card in silk, advising him to wear it about his neck, and Iiv6 
 regularly in all respects, and he doubted not the success of his 
 remedy : with which, and a little variation of the form a se- 
 cond time, he was in a small time perfectly well, and never 
 relapsed into that disorder. Table-talk, p. 49. 
 
 I^o less remarkable is the account of Kiopruli Numan Pasha, 
 prime vizer to Ahmed III. who, though a man of great learn- 
 ing, had contracted so ridiculous a fancy, as to imagine that there 
 was a fly always sitting upon his nose : ^' All the phj'sicians in 
 Constantinople were consulted upon that occasion, and after they 
 had long in vain used all their endeavours, one Le Due, a 
 French physician, found means to apply a suitable remedy to 
 the distemper ; for he did not go about as the rest to argue 
 with him, that it was all a fancy, but when he was brought to 
 the sick man, and asked by him, Whether he saw the fly that 
 w-as sitting upon his nose ? he said he did, and by that prudent 
 dissimulation induced the disordered person to place the ut- 
 most confidence in him. After which he ordered him several 
 innocent juleps, under the name of purging and opening medi- 
 cines ; at last he drew a knife gently along his nose, as if he 
 was going to cut olF the fly, which he kept in his hand for that 
 purpose : whereupon Numan Pasha immediately cried out. 
 This is the very fly that has so plagued me ; and thus he was 
 perfectly cured of that whimsical fancy." Prince Cantemir's 
 
 History
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 31 
 
 Spit fire out of a walnut-shcU, 
 Which made the Roman slaves rebel; 
 
 History of the Growth of the Othman Empire, &C. part ii. book 
 iv. p. 449, note. 
 
 Mr. Scot tells us of a hypochondriacal person, who fancied 
 that his nose was as big as an house (Discovery of Witchcraft, 
 p. 53), and Mr. Gayton (Notes upon Don Quixote, book iii. 
 chap. xii. p. 138) makes mention of the humorous practice of 
 an apothecary upon a gentleman who fancied he had swallowed 
 a mouse. See Mr. Samuel Wesley's Tale of the Cobbler, in his 
 poems ; Amulets of all kinds exposed in Scot^ Discoyery of 
 Witchcraft, book xii. p. 216, &c. 
 
 V. 289, 290. and scare With rhymexthe footh-ach, &c.] 
 
 Bartholin, the famous physician and anatomist, was- of opinion, 
 *' That distempers, particularly the epilepsy, might be removed 
 by rhymes." Webster's Display of supposed Witchcraft, chap. 
 xvii. p. 3. And Mr. Scot says (Discovery of Witchcraft, book 
 iii. chap. xv. p. 64), " That the Irish stick not to affirm, that 
 they can rhyme either man or beast to death, and that the West 
 Indians and Muscovites do the like." And where the tooth-ach 
 might be removed in this manner, there was no occasion for Bert 
 Jonson's tooth-drawer, " who," he observes (Shepherd's 
 Holiday, Works, vol. i. p. 120), " commanded any man's teeth 
 out of his head upon the point of his poniard, or tickled them 
 forth with his riding rod, drew teeth on hore-back in full speed, 
 was yeoman of the mouth to the whole brotherhood of fencers, 
 and was charged to see their gums kept clean, and their breath 
 sweet at a minute's warning.'' John Taylor, the water poet, 
 banters such pretenders (Figure Flinger, p. 23). 
 ** He can release, or else increase all harms, 
 About the neck or wrist b)' tying charms : 
 lie has a trick to kill the ague's force, 
 Atid make the patient better, or much worse. 
 To the great toe three letters he can tie, 
 Shall make the gout to tarry, or else Hy : 
 With two words, and three leaves of four-leav'd grass, 
 He makes the tooth ach stay, repass, or pass." 
 
 T. 291, 292. Chase evil spiri/s aicaj/ hy dint Of cickle, horse- 
 shoe, &c.] Mr. Gayton observes (see notes upon Don Quixote, 
 book iii. chap. iv. p. 104), uponSancho's tying both Roskiante's 
 legs with his ass's halter, " That the Don presently smells out 
 the business, an incantation upon the horse, for want of nailing 
 his old shoes at the door of his house, when he came forth." 
 
 And
 
 32 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 29'5 And fire a mine in China here, 
 With sympathetic gun-powder. 
 He knew whats'ever 's to be known, 
 But much more than he knew would own. 
 
 And Mr. Scot (Discovery of Witchcraft, book xii. chap. 
 Xviii. p. 266), " That to prevent or cure all mischiefs wrought 
 by charms or witchcrafts, according to the opinion of M. Mai, 
 and others, one principal way is to nail a horse-shoe at the 
 inside of the out-most threshold of your house, and so you shall 
 be sure no witch shall have power to enter thereunto : And if 
 you mark it, you shall find that rule observed in many a country 
 house." The wild Irish, by way if preservative, pra6tised some* 
 thing like it. Camden's Britannia, edit. 1695, p. 1044. 
 
 V. 293, 294, Sintfire out of a uulmit shelly Which made tJie 
 Jtoman slaves rebel.] Alluding to the Servile war, headed by 
 Spartacus,and occasioned by the following incident, which I shall 
 give in the words of my author : 
 
 " Syrus quidam nomine Ennus (magnitudo cladium facit ut me- 
 minerimus) fanatico furore simulato, dum Syriaj Deae comas ja6tat ; 
 ad libertatem etanna servos, quasi numinum imperio, concitavit; 
 idque ut divinitus fieri probaret, in ore abtlita nuce, quam sul- 
 phure et igne stipavcraf, leniter inspirans, fiammam inter verba 
 fnndebat : hoc rairaculum primum duo millia ex obviis; mox 
 jure belli refradtis ergastulis, scxaginla amplius millium fecit cx- 
 ercitum, rcgiisquc ne quid niali deesset, decoratus insignibus, ca- 
 stella, oppida, vicos miserabili direptionc vastavit." Vide Bell. 
 Servil. Lucii Flori, lib. iii. cap. xix. p. 329, edit, varior. 1660 ; 
 Livii Histor. lib. Ivi. cap. xxx. xxxi. &c. torn. vi. p, 354, edit. " 
 J. Clcrici. 
 
 V. 299, 300. What mefV cine it zsasihat Paracelsus Could make 
 <i man zcith, as he tells us.] Paracelsus's words are as follow : " Non 
 parva dubitatio et qnaestio inter aliquos ex antiquis philosophis 
 fuerit, an natural ctarti possibile csset hominemgigni extra corpus 
 niuliebre, et matricem naturalcm ? Ad hoc respondeo, quod id 
 arti Spagyricae (i. e. Chemiae) et naturae nuUo modo repugnat, 
 imo bene possibile sit. Ut autcm id fiat, hoc modo precedendum 
 est : sperma viri per se in cucurbita sigillata putrcfiat summapu- 
 trefadtione ventris equini (J., e. stercoris equini) per quadraginta 
 dies, aut tamdiu donee incipiat vivcre, moveri, ac agitare, quod 
 facile videri potest. Post hoc tempus aliquo modo homini simile 
 cit, at tamcn pellucidum et sine corporc. Si jam posthac quo- 
 tidie arcano sanguinis humani caute et prudcntcr nutriatur et , 
 
 pascatur,
 
 CANto III. HUDIBRAS. 33 
 
 What nied'cine *t\vas that Paracelsus 
 300 Could make a man with, as he tells us ; 
 What figured slates are best to make 
 On wat'ry surface duck or drake ; 
 
 pascatur, et per quadraginta septimanas in perpotuo et aequablli 
 calore ventris equini conscivetur, fit inde iierus et vivus infans, 
 habens omnia membra infantis, qui ex mulierc natus est, sed 
 longe minor. Hunc nos homunculum vocamus, et is postea eo 
 mode quo alius infans summ^ dib'geuti^ et studio educandus est, 
 donee adolescat, et sapere et intelligere incipiat. Hoc jam est 
 unum ex maximis sccretis, quae Deus mortali, et peccatis obnoxio 
 homini, patefecit. Est enim miraculum et magnale Dei, et arca- 
 num super omnia arcana, et merito in secretis servari debet usque 
 ad extrema tempora, quando nihil erit reconditi, sed omnia ma- 
 nifestabuntur: etquanquam hoc ha6k^nus hominibus notum non 
 fuerit, fuit tamen Sylvestribus et nymphis (Anglice Sylphs) et gi- 
 gantibus ante multa tempora cognitum, qui inde etiam orti sunt. 
 Quoniam ex talibus homunculis, cum ad a?tatem virilem pcrve- 
 niuut, fiant gigantes, pygraaii, et alii homines magni miraculosi, 
 qui iustrumeiitasunt magnarum rcrum, qui magnas victorias con- 
 tra suos hostcs obtinent, et omnia secrcta et abscondita noverunl 
 quoniam arte acquirunt quam vitam, arte acquirunt corpus, car- 
 nem, ossa, et sanguinem, arte nascuntur ; quare etiam ars ipsis in- 
 corporatur, et connascitur, et a nullo opus est ipsis disccre, quoni- 
 am ab arte orti sunt, et existunt." Paracels. de General. Rcrum 
 
 Natural, lib. i. (Dr.H.) 
 
 t 
 
 See Bulwer's Artificial Changeling, chap. xxiv. p. 49 ; Parker 
 de Deo Londini, 1665, p. 73 ; Annotations on Browne's Religio 
 Medici, 1672, p. 112. Van Hclmont, a brother chemist, pre- 
 tended to make mice from wheat (vide Op. par. i. p. 71, edit. 
 Lugduni, 1667). Both which carry with them the same degree 
 of credibility with the story of Pantagruel's begetting three and 
 fifty thousand little men, or dwarfs, with one f t ; and with his 
 fisgs, or fizzles, the same number of little women. Rabclais's 
 Works, vol. ii. b. ii. chap, xxvii. p. 199, edit. 1733. 
 
 Y. 301, 302. What f gut'' d slates are best to make On ii:al^rif 
 surface duck or drake] " Neither cross and pile, nor ducks 
 and drakes, are quite so ancient as handy-dandy, though Mac- 
 robius and St. Austin take notice of the first, and Minutius 
 Felix describes the latter. Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus, 
 book i. chap. 5, p. 32. 
 
 Vol II. D T. 307,
 
 34 IIUDIBRAS. Part U, 
 
 What bowling-stones, in running race 
 
 Upon a board, have swiftest pace ; 
 305 Whether a pulse beat in the black 
 
 List of a dappled louse's back ; 
 
 If systole or diastole move 
 
 Quickest when he's in wrath or love ; 
 
 When two of them do run a race, 
 310 Whether they gallop, trot, or pace; 
 
 How many scores a flea will jump 
 
 Of his own length from head to rump ; 
 
 Which Socrates and Cha^rephon, 
 
 In vain, essay'd so long agon ; 
 
 V. 307, 308. If systole or diastole move Quickest when lie^s 
 in zsrath or love.^ See systole and diastole of a louse, Dr. 
 Hook's Micrographia, obscrv. liv. Of a Louse, p. 212. 
 
 T. 310. Whether the)/ gallop ) trot^ or pace.'] Sec John Taylor'* 
 Works, p. 99 ; Ray's English ProTerbs, p. 280. 
 
 V. 311, 312. HoiS many scores a fiea zcill jurnp^ Of his 
 oxen length, from head to rump.] Dr, Giles Fletcher informs us 
 (sec Purchas's Pilgrims, partiii. book iii. p. 431), that Basilo- 
 witz the grand Duke (or rather tyrant) of Muscovy, sent to 
 the city of Moscow, to provide " for him a measure full of 
 live fleas, for a medicine. They answered, the thing was im- 
 possible, and if they could get them, they could not measure 
 them, because of their leaping out. Upon which he set a mul<?t 
 \ipon them of seven thousand rubles." And yet as difficult as 
 this was, something of this kind was undertaken by the friend 
 of a jealous husband (See L'Estrange's Fables, vol. i. fab. ccxii.), 
 to whose care he had committed his wife for some time ; but he 
 desired to be released : " If (says he) it were to turn a bag of 
 fleas into a meadow every morning, and fetch them home again 
 at night, I durst be answerable with my life for the doing of it to 
 a flea; but the other is a commission I dare meddle no farther in." 
 
 V. 313, 314. Which Socrates and Cliotrephon In v(tin essaj/d so 
 lot7g agon.] * Aristophanes, in his Comedy of the Clouds, brings 
 in Socrates and Chirrcphon measuring the leap of a flea, from the 
 one's beard to the other's. Upon which Moufet observes (In- 
 seftor. Theatr. lib. ii. cap. xxviii. p. 276), *' Ilorum dum au- 
 
 1 cupes
 
 Caitto III. IIUDIBRAS. K 
 
 315 Whether his snout a perfect nose is, 
 And not an elephant's proboscis; 
 How many difTrent specieses 
 
 cupes mensurare saltum curiosule dant operam (ut Aristophanes 
 loquitur) \ri^ov xri^vri. See T. Coryat's preface upon Travel, 
 prefixed to his Crudities. 
 
 No less humourous than this is the custom mentioned by Hue- 
 tius, of their chusing at Hardenberg the chief magistrate by a 
 
 louse : " Venimus Uardcnburgam minime veri leftori in- 
 
 jucundum fore puto cognoscere, quo ritu Consul illic crearl 
 
 solet, uti quidcm ab oppidanis accepimus. 
 
 Hinc Ilardenburgam ser^ sub no6le renimiis, 
 Ridctur Tcteri nobis mos ductus ab evo ; 
 Quippe ubi deligitur revoluto tempore consul, 
 Barbati circa mensam statuuntur acervam, 
 Ilispidaque apponunt attenti, menta quirites : 
 Porrigitur scries barbarum, desuper ingens 
 Bestia, pes mordax, sueta inter crescere sordes, 
 Barbam adiit, festo huic : gratantur murmure patres, 
 Atque celebratur subjecta per oppida consul," 
 
 Iluetii Comment, de rebus ad se pertinentibus, 1718, 
 p. 76. Or the choice of a mayor somewhere in Essex, by a 
 calf ; the competitors having a whisp of hay stuck in their 
 b ms. Heraclitus ridens, No. 66. 
 
 V. 315, 316. Whether his snout a jferfect nose is And not cm 
 elephant's proboscis.^ *' Probosci<lis mucro paulum est rigidior, 
 ut cutem facilius penetrct." Moufeti Insector, Theatr. lib. ii. 
 cap. xxviii. See a farther account of a flea's proboscis, Dr. 
 Hook's Micrograph, obser. liii. p. 210. Some microscopical 
 observations on the structure of the spleen and proboscis of fleas, 
 by Anthony Van Leuenhoeck, F. R. S. Philosophical Trans- 
 actions, vol. XXV. No. 307, p. 2311, 3312. 
 
 V. 317, 318. Hoio many different specieses Of maggots breed 
 in rotten cheese.^ Species's in editions 1664, 1674, 1684, altered 
 to Specieses J 1689. 
 
 " Others aver, that mites in cheese 
 
 Live in a monarchy like bees ; 
 Have civil laws and magistrates, 
 Their rise, their periods, and fates, 
 Like other powers and states. 
 And by a strange peculiar art, 
 Can hear them sneese, discourse, and f t." 
 A Pindaric Poem, to the Society of Beaox Esprits, p. 15. 
 D 2 T. 322.
 
 S6 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Of maggots breed in rotten cheese ; 
 
 And which are next of kin to those 
 320 Engender'd in a chandier*s nose; 
 
 Or those not seen, but understood, 
 
 That Hve in vinegar and wood. 
 
 A paltry wretch he had, half-starv'd, 
 
 That him in place of Zany serv'd, 
 325 Ilight Whachum, bred to dash and draw, 
 
 Not wine, but more unwholesome law ; 
 
 To make 'twixt words and lines huge gaps, 
 
 Wide as meridians in maps; 
 
 T. 322. That live in vinegar ] See Dr. Hook's account 
 
 of vinegar worms, Micrographia, observ. Ivii. p. 216. 
 
 T. 324. In place of Zany.'] A buffoon, or jack-pudding. In 
 France he is called Jean-pottages, in Italy Macaronies, in Hol- 
 land Pickled-herring. Spectator, No. 47. 
 
 Mr. Theobald, in a note upon Shakespearfc's play, entitled, 
 All's well that ends well, act iii. vol. 2. p. 401, observes, " That 
 it was a foolery practised at city entertainments, whilst the 
 jester or Zany was in vogue, for him to jump into a large deep 
 custard, set on purpose, to set on a quantity of barren specta- 
 tors to laugh ; as our poet says in his Hamlet." I do not advance 
 this without some authority, and a quotation from Ben Jonson. 
 will very well explain it : 
 
 '' He ne'er will be admitted there where Vennor comes : 
 He may, perchance, in tail of a sheriff's dinner 
 Skip with a rhyme o' th' table with new nothing, 
 And take his almain leap into a custard ; 
 Shall make my Lady May'ress and her sisters 
 Laugh all their hoods over their shoulders." 
 
 Devil's an Ass, act i. sc. i. 
 This might occasion as much mirth as the cook's serving up th 
 dwarf in a pie. See Mr. Cleveland's Works, edit. 1677, p. 103. 
 v. 325. Hight fVhachum.~\ Journeyman to Sidrophel, who 
 was (says Sir Roger L'Estrangc) one Tom Jones, a foolish 
 Welchman. In a Key to a poem of Mr. Butler's, 1706, in 
 folio, p. 14, Whachum is said to be one Richard Green, who 
 published a pamphlet of about five sheets of base ribaldry, cal- 
 led, Hudibras in a Snare. It Mas printed about the year 1667, 
 
 r. 327.
 
 Canto Til. IIUDIBRA&. 37 
 
 To squander paper, and spare ink, 
 330 Or cheat men of their words, some think. 
 From this, by merited degrees, 
 He'd to more high advancement rise; 
 To be an under-conjurer, , 
 
 Or journeyman astrologer ; 
 535 His bus'ness was to pump and wheedle, 
 And men with their own keys unriddle, 
 To make them to themselves give answers^ 
 For which they pay the necromancers ; 
 
 T. 327, 328, 329, 330. To make 'izcixt zcords end lines huge 
 gaps, Wide as meridians in maps ; To squander paper and 
 spare ink Or dieat men of their zvorib, some think. 1 Alluding 
 either to bills in chancery, where fifteen lines are contained ia 
 each sheet, and six words in each line ; or to blank instruments 
 kumourously bantered by the Spectator, No. 563. 
 
 " I, T. Blank*, Esq. of Blank town, in the county ef Blank, 
 do own myself indebted in the sum of Blank, to Goodmaa 
 Blank, for the service he did me in procuring the goods follow- 
 ing, Blank : and I do hereby promise the said Blank, to pay to 
 him the said sum of Blank, on the Blank day of the month of 
 Blank next ensuing, under the penalty and forfeiture of Blanks 
 
 " Your Blanks are ancient numerous folks ; 
 
 There's John a Styles, and John a Nokes ; 
 
 There's dash scribendo, and hiatus, 
 
 And inuendo, that points at us ; 
 
 Eke so, d'ye see, as I may say, 
 
 And so forth, and et ccefera.^' 
 On the Family of the Blanks, Miscellaneous PocmSj 
 published by D. Lewis, 1730, p. 289. 
 
 T. 335, 336. His business za<! to pump ami xihecdle, And men 
 uith their orcn keys unriddle,'] We have in this age been pestered 
 with Sidrophels and Whachums, who were arrived at a greater 
 height of juggling and cheating than those in Iludibras's time 
 were : To prove this, I shall only give the reader the device of 
 a Sidrophel in Moorfields, as related by the Spectator. No. 193. 
 *' The Doctor having gained much reputation by his horary pre- 
 dictions, is said to have had ia his parlour different ropes to little 
 
 D 3 belli.
 
 5 HUDIBRAS. Part II, 
 
 To fetch and carry intelligence, 
 340 Of whom, of what, and where, and whence, 
 
 And all discoveries disperse 
 
 Among th* whole pack of conjurers ; 
 
 What cutpurses have left with them. 
 
 For the right owners to redeem : 
 245 And what they dare not vent, find out, 
 
 To gain themselves and th' art repute ; 
 
 Draw figures, schemes, and horoscopes, 
 
 Of Newgate, Bridewell, brokers shops. 
 
 bells, which hung in a room above stairs, where the Doctor 
 thought fit to be oraculous. If a girl had been deceived by a lo^ 
 ver, one bell was pulled ; and if a peasant had lost a cow, the 
 servant rang another. This method was kept in respect to all 
 other passions and concerns ; and the skilful waiter below sifted 
 the enquirer, and gave the Doctor notice accordingly." (Mr.B.) 
 
 See an account of the league between Stephen Taylor and one 
 Pope, the one to steal horses, and the other to discover them. 
 Abstract of Scot's Hist, of Witchcraft, British Librarian, No. 4, 
 for September, 1737, p. 233 ; and an account of the Calabrian. 
 astrologer and physician, Turkish Spy, vol. vi. book ii. letter 19. 
 
 V. 347,348. Dram ^gures, schemes, and horoscopes, Of New- 
 gate, Bridewell, brokers sho'ps.~\ Stje this piece of grimace in astro., 
 logers exposed by Ben Jonson, Alchymist, adt i. sc. iii. p. 537. 
 
 V. 353. Who pick'dafob at holding forth.'] 
 Nig. ** At plays, and at sermons, and at the sessions, 
 'Tis daily their pradtice such booty to make ; 
 
 Yea under the gallows, at executions, 
 They stick not the starc-abouts purses to take: 
 Nay one without grace 
 At a better place, 
 At court, and in Christmas, before the King's face; 
 Alas then for pity, must I bear the curse 
 That only belongs to the cunning cutpurse." 
 
 Ben Jonson's Batholomew Fair, act iii. sc. . 
 
 A French poet observes of a Jesuit, that he will pick your pocket
 
 Cijm III. IIUDIBRAS. 30 
 
 Of thieves ascendant in the cart ; 
 
 S50 And find out all by rules of art : 
 
 Which way a serving-man, that's run 
 With cloaths or money away, is gone ; 
 Who pick'd a fob at holding forth. 
 And where a watch, for half the worth, 
 
 $55 May be redeem 'd ; or stolen plate 
 Restor*d at conscionable rate. 
 Beside all this, he serv'd his master 
 In quality of poetaster; 
 
 in the middle of his Pater Noster (Sir Roger L'Estrange's re 
 flection upon the fable of a cat and Venus, part i. fab. Ixi) ; and 
 a pickpocket observing that the times were pretty difficult, said, 
 *' The Lord be praised for it, the churches are pretty full still.'* 
 (L'Estrange's fables, partii. fab. 29.) Theauthor of theTaleof a 
 Tub gives us a reason why the preaching of the dissenters is cal- 
 led helding forth, p. 212 : speaking of the preachers of those 
 times, he says, " that the devout sisters, who looked upon all 
 dilatations of the ear as protrusions of zeal, of spiritual excres- 
 cences, were sure to honour every head they sat upon, as if 
 they had been cloven tongues; but especially that of the preacher's, 
 whose ears were usually of the prime magnitude, Mhich upon 
 that account he was frequent in exposing with all the advantages 
 to the people in his rhetorical paroxysms, turning sometimes to 
 hold forth the one, and sometimes to hold forth the other. 
 From which custom, the whole operation of preaching is to this 
 very day, among their professors, styled by the phrase ol' holding 
 forth." Mr. Cleveland observes (Character of a Diurnal-maker, 
 Works 1677, p. 108), " that in the gibberish of the saints of 
 those times, a hintcr diflfered from a holder forth " 
 
 V. 355,356. or stolenplaie Restored (Ucomctonable rate.'\ 
 
 In 1655, Lilly was indicted at Ilickes's-hall forgiving judgment 
 for a reward upon stolen goods, but acquitted. See History of 
 his Life, p. 71, and the indictment, p. 115. General Histori- 
 cal Dictionary, vol. vii. p. 85. 
 
 John Taylor observes (Figure-flingcr, Works, p. 13), that 
 these gentlemen were usually paid, whether they recovered 
 the stolen goods or not : 
 
 D4 "If
 
 40 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 And rhj'^mes appropriate could make 
 360 To every month i' th' almanac; 
 
 When terms begin and end could tell, 
 
 With their returns in doggerel ; 
 
 When the exchequer opes and shuts ; 
 
 And sow-gelder with safety cuts ; 
 365 When men may eat and drink their fill, 
 
 And when be temp'rate, .if they will j 
 
 When use and when abstain from vice, 
 
 Figs, grapes, phlebotomy, and spice. 
 
 And as in prison mean rogues beat 
 370 Hemp, for the service of the great ; 
 
 So Whachum beat his dirty brains, 
 
 T* advance his master's fame and gains ; 
 - And, like the devil's oracles, 
 
 '* If lost goods you would fain hare got, 
 Go but to him, and you shall speed or not ; 
 But he will gain, whether you get or lose. 
 He'll hare his fee, for so the bargain goes.'' 
 
 V. 359, 360. And rhi/mes appropriate could make To ex^rtf 
 month V th'' almanac.] A sneer probably upon John Booker, 
 who, as Lilly observes (see History of his own Life, p. 28), 
 made " excellent verses apon the twelve months, framed accor- 
 ding to the configurations of each.'' , 
 
 V. 368. phlebotomy.'] Though this word, which signifies 
 
 no more than letting blood, is generally understood, yet some 
 may possibly mistake the meaning of it, as did Mr. Lovelight 
 (Plain Dealer, vol. i. No. xxvii. p. 210), of whom Mrs. Lajtitia 
 Lovelight, his wife, gives the following account : " We came to 
 town (says she) the l^st week, where my poor dear drank hard, 
 and fell so ill that \ was alarmed for him. The lady whose 
 house we lodged at would needs send for Dr. Fossile, a man of 
 excellent learning, but, to borrow a phrase of Shakespeare's, it 
 is sickened over with affectation. When he had felt my husband's 
 pulse, and gonft through a course of questions, he turned from 
 whispering Mr. Juniper, who was in waiting, and said to me with 
 
 a phy.
 
 Canto III. RUDIBRAS. 41 
 
 Put into doggerel rhymes his spells, 
 ^tS Which over every month's hlank page 
 
 I' th* almanac strange hilks presage. 
 
 He would an elegy compose 
 
 On maggots squeez'd out of his nose ; 
 
 In lyric numbers write an ode on 
 380 His mistress eating a black pudding; 
 
 And when imprison'd ah" escap'd her, 
 
 It pufF'd him with poetic rapture. 
 
 His sonnets charm'd th* attentive croud, 
 
 By wide-mouth'd mortal troll'd aloud, 
 385 That, circled with his long-ear'd guests, 
 
 Like Orpheus look'd among the beasts; 
 
 A carman's horse could not pass by, 
 
 But stood ty'd up to poetry ; 
 
 a physical air, not the air of a physician, Ma'am, I have order* 
 ed Mr. What's-his-name, your spouse's apothecary, to phlebo. 
 tomizc him to-morrow morning. To do what with me ? cried 
 my poor husband, starting up in his bed ; I will never suflcr it. 
 -No, I am not, I thank God, in so desperate a condition as to 
 undergo so damnable an operation as that is. As what is ? my 
 dear, answered I, smiling ; the Doctor would have you blooded. 
 Ay, for bleeding, replied he, 1 like it well enough ; but for 
 that other thing he ordered, I will sooner die than submit to it.'* 
 
 T. 373, 374. And^ like the devil^s oracles. Put into doggerel 
 rhi/mes his fpells.^ The most reverend his Grace the Lord Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury observes (Aqtiquitics of Greece, vol. i. 
 chap, ix), " That Pythia, the priestess of Apollo, in Pyrrhus's 
 time, had left off giving answers tn verse, which had been the 
 custom of all former ages from the foundation of the oracle ; 
 deriving its original from Phosmonoe, the first Pythia." Vide 
 Alexand. ab Alexandro, Genial. Dier. lib. vi. cap. ii. DeDclphico 
 Oraculo. 
 
 V, 386. Like Orpheus, &c.] See Mr. Fenton's Observations 
 upon Mr. Waller's Poems, p. 22, 23. 
 
 T. 387
 
 41 HUDIBRAS. Part U. 
 
 No porter's burthen pass'd along, 
 390 But servM for burthen to his song; 
 
 Each window Hke a pill'r}' appears, ' 
 
 With heads thrust through nail'd by the ears ; 
 - All trades run in as to the sight 
 
 Of monsters, or their dear delight, 
 395 The gallow tree, when cutting purse 
 
 Breeds business for heroic verse, 
 
 Which none does here but would have hung 
 
 T' have been the theme of such a song. 
 Those two together long had liv'd 
 400 In mansion prudently contrived, 
 
 Where neither tree nor house could bar 
 
 The free detection of a star j 
 
 And nigh an ancient obelisk 
 
 T. 387. A carman's horse could not pass hij.'] See Waspc's 
 account of his young master. Ben Jonson's Bartholomew Fair^ 
 9/6ki. se. iv. 
 
 V. 395, 396. The gallow free, when cutting purse Breeds busi- 
 ness for heroic verse.~\ " I could make you a true relation of 
 some (says Gassendus, Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, p. 151) 
 who having been told by astrologers, that they should die by a 
 rope, have, to prevent the shame of the common gallows, hangc(^ 
 themselves, when they had no other occasion of discontent." 
 
 V. 397, 398. Which none does hear but zcould have hung T** 
 have been the theme ef such a ^ong/] Especially if the firet Squire 
 Ketch had been the executioner, of whom it was observed by 
 his wife, '' That any bungler might put a man to death, but that 
 her husband only knew how to make a gentleman die sweetly." 
 
 V. 400. In mansion prudently contriv'd.'\ Lilly's hoase was at 
 Horsham in the parish of Walton upon Thames, where he tells 
 us he constantly lived when he was not in London. As to the 
 following story, upon which the poet is so pleasant, 'he prudently 
 omits the mention of it in his life, as knowing it could not rc. 
 ^und to his honour or reputation. (Mt. B.)
 
 Caxto III, HUDIBRAS. 43 
 
 Was rais'd by him, found out by Fisk, 
 405 On which was written, not in words, 
 But hieroglyphic mute of birds, 
 Many rare pithy saws concerning 
 The worth of astrologic learning : 
 From top of this there hung a rope, 
 410 To which he fasten'd telescope. 
 The spectacles with which the stars 
 He reads in smallest characters. 
 It happen'd as a boy, one night, 
 Did fly his tarsel of a kite; 
 415 The strangest long-wing'd hawk that flies, 
 That, like a bird of paradise, 
 Or herald's martlet, has no legs. 
 Nor hatches young ones, nor lays eggs ; 
 
 V. 404. Found out hy Fisk.l La Fisk, a pretended astrolo* 
 ger and juggler, is mentioned in Fletcher's tradgedy of RoUa 
 Duke of Normandy, a6l iv. sc. i, ii, iii. 
 
 But Mr. Butler alludes to one Fisk, of whom Lilly obscryes 
 (in his Life, 2d edit. p. 29) that he was a licentiate in physic, 
 and born near Framlingham in Suffolk ; was bred at a country 
 school, and designed for the university, but went not thither ; 
 studying physic and astrology at home, which he afterwards 
 practised at Colchester, after which he came to London, and 
 practised there. Lilly says, he had good skill in the art of 
 directions upon nativities ; and that he learnt from him many 
 things in that way, and how to know good books in that art. 
 He was famous about the year 1633, and died in the 78tli year 
 of his age. Lilly's Life, p. 38, 39. 
 
 Y. 407. Many rarepitl^ sazcs.'] A saw, aa old or grave saying, a 
 proverb, a maxim. Bailey's Diet. 
 
 T. 416, 417. That like a bird of paradise, OrherahVs maiilet 
 has no legs.'] Mr. Wilioughby (in his Ornithology, b. ii. chap, 
 xii. p. 90) gives the following account in proof of the birds of 
 paradise having legs : I myself, saith Johannes de Laet, " havo 
 two birds of paradise of diflferent kinds, and have seen manj^ 
 
 pthers,
 
 44 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 His train was six yards long, milk-white, 
 420 At th' end of which there hung a hght, 
 
 Inclos'd in lanthorn made of paper, 
 
 That far off Hke a star did appear. 
 
 This Sidrophel by chance espy'd, 
 
 And with amazement staring wide, 
 425 Bless us, quoth he, what dreadful wonder 
 
 Is that appears in heav'n yonder ? 
 
 A comet, and without a beard ! 
 
 Or star that ne*er before appeared ? 
 
 others, all which had feet, and those truly, for the bulk of their 
 bodies, sufficiently great, and very strong legs : The same is 
 confirmed by Margravius Clusius in his Exotics, and Wormius 
 in his Musaeum, p. 295. These most beautiful birds, as Aldro- 
 Tandus reports, are called by the inhabitants of the Molucca 
 
 islands, Manucodiatae, i. e. God's birds. They are called 
 
 birds of paradise, both for their excellent shape, and beauty of 
 their bodies ; and also because where they are bred, whence they 
 come, and whither they betake themselves, is unknown, since 
 they are found only dead. And the vulgar imagine them to drop 
 out of heaven or paradise.'* See Le Blanc's Travels, parti, chap, 
 xxrii. p. 115. 
 
 They arc of various colours, some white and scarlet, othcps 
 white and yellow. Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. v. book ii. chap, 
 vii. p. 105. 
 
 As to the martlet in heraldry, it is a little bird represented 
 without feet, but with legs ; and it is used as a dilferencc, or 
 mark of distinction, of the fourth brother. Diet, to GuilJim's 
 Display of Heraldry, last edit. See an account of the Black 
 Martin, or Swift, "NVilloughby's Ornithology, book ii. p. 214. 
 
 v. 427. A cornet^ and without a beard!'] See an account of tht' 
 beards and tails of comets, Dr. Harris's Astronomical Dialogues, 
 p. 138 to 145 inclusive, 2d edit. Lexicon Technicum, under 
 the word Comet '. Chtilmers's Cyclopedia ; Bailey's Dictionary, 
 fol. ed. an account of the comet in the year 1618 ; Johnstoni 
 Rerum Britannic, Hist. lib. xvii. p. 530 ; and an account of the 
 nature of comets, Spencer's Prodigies, 2d edit. p. 282.
 
 Cakto III. HUDIBRAS. 45 
 
 I'm certain 'tis not in the scrowl 
 430 Of all those beasts, and fish, and fow], 
 With which, hke Indian plantations. 
 The learned stock the constellations ; 
 Nor those that drawn for signs have been, 
 To th' houses were tlie planets inn. 
 435 It must be supernatural, 
 
 Unless it be that cannon-ball 
 
 That, shot i' th' air point-blank upright, 
 
 Was borne to that prodigious height, 
 
 V. 428. Or star that ne'er before appear'' dJ^ See an account 
 of such stars, Dr. Harris's Astronomical Dialogues, p. 65, 85 ; 
 Lexicon Technicum, under the title of Fixed Stars ; Mr, Fenton's 
 Observation upon Mr. Waller's Poems, quarto, p. 80 ; of the 
 new star that appeared in th? year 1670, Philosoph. Transac- 
 tions, vol. iv. No. 65, p. 2087 ; and a short history of the several 
 new stars that have appeared within one hundred and fifty years 
 to the year 1715, Philosophical Transactions, No. 346, vol. xxix. 
 p. 353. 
 
 V. 429. r m certain '' lis not in the scrowl.^ See Dr. Harris's 
 Astronomical Dialogues, p. 30. 
 
 V. 433, 434. Nor those that drazcn for signs have been To tW 
 houses zchere the planets ?//.] " You see (says Dr. Harris, Astro- 
 nomical Dialogues, p. 30) why astronomers call them the twelve 
 signs, because they begin or mark out the place of the sun in 
 the heavens; and also why astrologers call them houses, bccaust; 
 they assign them for dwellings, or places of abode for the pla- 
 nets.'' Gassendus (See Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, chap. i\. 
 p. 52) demolishes the celestial houses, and merrily observes (p. 
 65), " that that man had no dull nor un pleasing fancy wlio first 
 made the planets provide stables for beasts in the heavens, and 
 take care of greater cattle in the twelfth house, and smaller iu 
 the sixth.'* 
 
 V. 436. Unless it be that cannon-ball.'] * ' The experiment was 
 tried by some foreign virtuosi, who planted a piece of ordnance 
 point-blank against the zenith, and having fired it, the bullBt 
 never returned back again ; which made them all conclude that 
 it sticks in the mark : But Des Cartes was of opinion that it doc9 
 but haug in the air." See more, Tale of a Tub, p. 252. 
 
 *' A ray
 
 46 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 That learn*d philosophers maintam, 
 440 It ne'er came backwards down again; 
 
 But in the airy region yet 
 
 Hangs like the body of Mahomet : 
 
 For if it be above the shade 
 
 That by tlie earth's round bulk is made, 
 44i 'Tis probable it may from far 
 
 Appear no bullet but a star. 
 This said, he to his engine flew, 
 
 Plac*d near at hand, in oj>en view, 
 
 And raisM it till it levell'd right 
 450 Against the glow-worm tail of kite, 
 
 Then peeping through, Bless us ! (quoth he) 
 
 It is a planet now I see j 
 
 Andj if I err not, by his proper 
 
 Figure, that's like tobacco-stopper, 
 455 It should be Saturn : yes, *tis clear, 
 
 'Tis Saturn ; but what makes him there? 
 
 He's got between the dragon's tail, 
 
 ^' A ray of light runs between the sun and cirth in six or 
 sercn minutes ; and yet a cannon-ball, supposing it move all the 
 way as fast as when it just parts from the gun, cannot arrirc at 
 the sun in twenty-five years." Dr. Harris's Astronomical Dia- 
 logues, p. 75. And at one of the fixed stars in 50,000 years. 
 Id. ib. p. 82. 
 
 V. 453, 454, 455. J7id, if I err nof, by his proper F/'giirc, 
 tliaVs like tobacco stopper, It should be Saturn ] If a tobacco- 
 stopper is turned so, as to have a round knob shooting out with 
 two ends (and there are many such) it will belike the print we 
 have of Saturn in many books of astronomy. (Dr. W. W.) 
 
 Dr. Harris (sec Astronomical Dialogues, p. 134, 135) calls 
 this but a mere ridicule : '* Though* ("he says) it has its use ; for 
 it impresses itself and the things stronger in the memory than 
 perhaps a more just and serious description would have done." 
 
 T. 461,
 
 Publu/uJ fy Vh-Tuyr kJii^od ilPotiliiy.necT i. i^7j>l>-
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 47 
 
 And farther leg behind o* th* whale ; 
 Pray heaven avert the fatal omen, 
 
 460 For 'tis a prodigy not common ; 
 
 And can no less than the world's end, 
 Or nature's funeral, portend. 
 With that he fell again to pry, 
 Through perspective more wistfully, 
 
 455 When by mischance the fatal string. 
 That kept the tow'ring fowl on wing, 
 Breaking, down fell the star : Well shot, 
 Qwoth Whachum, who right wisely thought 
 H' had levell'd at a star, and hit it ; 
 
 470 But Sidrophel, more subtle- witted, 
 Cry'd out, what horrible and fearful 
 Portent is this, to see a star fall ; 
 It threatens nature, and the doom 
 Will not be long before it come ! 
 
 475 When stars do fall, 'tis plain enough. 
 The day of judgment's not far off: 
 
 v. 461, 462. Andean no less than the world's end, Or naiure^s 
 funeral, poi^tend.'] Spenser thus describes the fears of the tuI- 
 gar, upon the appearance of a blazing star : 
 
 ** Thus as she fled, her eyes she backward threw, 
 
 As fearing evil that pursu'd her fast ; 
 . And her fair yellow locks behind her flew, 
 Loosely dispers'd with pufi" of eVry blast ; 
 All as a blazing star doth far out-cast 
 His hairy beams, and flaming locks dispred ; 
 At sight whereof the people stand aghast ; 
 But the sage wizard tells, as he has read, 
 That it importunes death, and doleful drearihcad" 
 Faery Queen, bookiii. canto i. stan. xri. vol. ii. p. 371. 
 V^ide Wolfii Lection. Memorab. par. post. p. 950. 
 
 T. 475. fVhen stars do fall. ^ 
 
 '* Saepe enira Stellas vento impendentc'Tidebis 
 
 Praecipites ccelo labi " Virg. Georg. i, 365, 366. 
 
 "And
 
 48 IIUD1HRAS. Part II. 
 
 As latcTy 'twas revcal'd to Sedgwick, 
 And some of us find out by magic. 
 Then since the time we have to live 
 
 480 In this world's shorten'd, let us strive 
 To make our best advantage of it, 
 And pay our losses with our profit. 
 This feat fell out not long before 
 The Knight upon the fore-nam'd score, 
 
 485 In quest of Sidrophel advancing, 
 
 Was now in prospect of the mansion ; 
 Whom he discovering, turn'd his glass, 
 And found far off, 'twas Hudibras. 
 
 Whachum (quoth he), look yonder some 
 
 490 To try or use our art are come : 
 
 The one's the learned Knight; seek out. 
 And pump 'em what they come about. 
 Whachum advanc'd with all submissness 
 T' accost 'em, but much more their bus'ness ; 
 
 *' And oft before tempestuous winds arise 
 
 The seeming stars fall head-long from the skies." Dryden. 
 
 *' Non cadere in terram stellas et sidera cernis." 
 
 Lucret. lib. ii. p. 209. 
 
 Vide Wolfii Lection. Mcmorab. sub ann. 765, par. i. p. 200. 
 " Hoc tempore stellse de ccelo delapsa; sunt: significantes papam 
 et clericos, ac ecclesia; optimates dc negotiis coelestibus, quorum 
 cura sola solis illis dcmandata esset, dcscisccre, et tcrrenis mundi 
 rebus se involvere." 
 
 V. 477. As lateli) ^ticas revealed to Sedg'uiick.l William Sedg- 
 wick, a whimsical enthusiast, sometimes a Presbyterian, some- 
 times an Independent, and at other times an Anabaptist ; some- 
 times a prophet, and pretended to forctel things out of the pul- 
 pit to the destruction of ignorant people ; at other times pre- 
 tended to revelations, and upon pretence of a vision that dooms- 
 day
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 49 
 
 495 He held a stirrup while the Knight 
 From leathern bare-bones did aliirht: 
 And taking from his hand the bridle, 
 Approach'd the dark Squire to unriddle : 
 He gave him first the time o' th' day, 
 
 000 And welcomed him, as he might say: 
 
 He ask'd him whence they came and whither 
 
 Their bus'ness lay ? Quoth Ralplio, Hither. 
 
 Did you not lose ? Quoth Ralpho, Nay ; 
 
 Quoth Whachum, Sir, I meant your way ! 
 505 Your Knight Quoth Ralpho, is a lover, 
 
 And pains intolerable doth suffer : 
 
 For lovers hearts are not their own hearts, 
 
 Nor lights, nor lungs, and so forth downwards. 
 
 What time ? Quoth Ralpho, Sir, too long, 
 510 Three years it off and on has hung 
 
 Quoth he, I meant what time o' th' day *tis ; 
 
 Quoth Ralpho, between seven and eight 'tis. 
 
 day was at hand, he retired to the house of Sir Francis Russel in 
 
 Cambridgeshire ; and finding several gentlemen at bowls, called 
 upon them to prepare for their dissolution ; telling them, that he 
 had lately received a revelation, that doomsday would be some 
 day the week following. Upon which they ever after called 
 him Doomsday Sedgwick. Wood's Athenae Oxon. part ii. col. 
 cccxxxT, cccxxxvi, first edit, 
 
 v. 491. The o?ici''s the learned KnigJiL^ It appears from Lilly's 
 life, that he and the Knight were acquainted ; so that from hence, 
 and the Knight's figure, he might well know him at a distance, 
 
 1 need not observe (for every reader w ill readily do it) how natu- 
 rally Whachum makes a discovery of the Knight's business from 
 Ralpho, and how artfully he communicates it to Sidrophel, Upon 
 this discovery is founded the Knight's surprise, and his learned 
 debate with the conjurer, which is gradually worked up to such 
 a warmth, as necessarily involves the Knight in a fourth engage- 
 ment, whereby he happily gains a second victory. (Mr. B.) 
 
 Vol. II. E v. 330.
 
 50 nUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Why then, quoth Whachum, my small art 
 Tells me the dame has a hard heart, 
 
 .) 1 5 Or great estate Quoth Ralph, A jointure, 
 Which makes him have so hot a mind t' her. 
 ^lean while the Knight was making water, 
 Before he fell upon the matter; 
 W^hich having done, the wizard steps iu 
 
 520 To give him suitable reception ; 
 But kept his bus'ness at a bay. 
 Till Wliachum put him in the way ; 
 W"no having now, by Ralpho's light, 
 Expounded th' errand of the Kniglit ; 
 
 525 And what he came to know, drew near. 
 To whisper in the conj'rer's ear. 
 Which he prevented thus : What was 't, 
 Quoth he, that I was saying last, 
 Before these gentlemen arriv' d ? 
 
 530 Quoth Whachum, Venus you retriev'fl, 
 
 V. 530. Quoth JVIiachui/i, Venus you reliicv''d.'] Whachum 
 liaTiug pumped Ralph, and learned of him the business thej 
 came about, tells it to his master in astrological cant. Mars and 
 Venus are the lover and his mistress in opposition. She is not 
 Virgo, therefore a widow. (Dr. B.) 
 
 V. 535, 536. lias Saturn nothing to do in it? One tenth ofs 
 circle to a min'.dc] The planet Saturn is thirty years (or there- 
 about) going round the zodiac ; three years being the tenth of his 
 circle, the conjurer told the Knight he knew his errand. " Sa- 
 turnicirciiitusabsolvitursolummodointraannosproximetriginta." 
 Gassendi Astronomia. lib. iii. cap. ii. " The time of his revolu- 
 tion (says Dr. Harris, Astronomical Dialogues, p. 131) is about 
 thirty years, or more exactly speaking in 10,759 days, 6 hours, 
 36 minutes." 
 
 <' Then lost is sullen Saturn's ample bounds, 
 
 NVho once in thirty years the world surrounds." 
 
 J. Taylor's Works, p. 132. 
 I- T. 539.
 
 Vbl. z.J\^a 4S 
 
 a^^a. ,u 
 
 RiMej ra.\> 
 
 VuhUih.J hv V,-mrr k if.-.'.l ,7/ T'^uhv T)r.
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 51 
 
 In opposition with Mars, 
 
 And no benign friendly stars 
 
 T' allay the effect. Quoth Wizard, So ! 
 
 In Virgo ? Ha ! quoth Whachum, No : 
 535 Has Saturn nothing to do in it? 
 
 One tenth of 's circle to a minute. 
 
 'Tis well, quoth he. Sir, you'll excuse 
 
 This rudeness I am forc'd to use. 
 
 It is a scheme and face of heaven, 
 540 As th* aspects are dispos'd this even, 
 
 I was contemplating upon, 
 
 When you arriv'd ; but now I've done. 
 Quoth Hudibras, If I appear 
 
 Unseasonable in coming here, 
 .545 At such a time, to interrupt 
 
 Your speculations, which I hop*d 
 
 Assistance from, and come to use, 
 
 *Tis fit that I ask your excuse. 
 
 T. 539, 540. li is a scheme mid face of heaven, As tW aspedls 
 are disposed this even.'] See this piece of grimace exposed, 
 Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, booli xi. chap. xxi. 
 
 V. 545, 546. to interrupt Your qyecidationsJ] From 
 
 the succeeding part of this Canto, it is plain that Sidrophel did 
 not gain the same credit with Hudibras that another fortune- 
 teller did with the person who consulted him in a matrimonial 
 case. See L'Estrange's Fables, part ii. fab. vi. " A fellow (says 
 he) that had a wambling towards matrimony, consulted a man 
 of art in Moor-lields, whether he should marry or not : The 
 cunning man put on his considering cap, and gave him this short 
 answer : Pray have a care how you marry hand over head (says 
 he^ as people frequently do ; for you are a lost man if you go 
 that way to work : but if you can have the heart to forbear your 
 spouse's company for three days and three nights, well told, 
 after you two are man and wife, I will be bound to burn my 
 
 2 books
 
 61 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 By no means, Sir, quoth Sidropbel, 
 550 The stars your coming did foretel ; 
 I did expect you here, and knew, 
 Before you spake, your bus'ness too. 
 
 Quoth Iludibras, Make that appear, 
 And I shall credit whatsoe'er 
 555 You tell me after, on your word, 
 Ilowe'er unlikely or absurd. 
 
 You are in love. Sir, with a widow. 
 Quoth he, that does not greatly heed you, 
 
 books if you do not find the comfort of it. Tiie man took the 
 Tirgin to his wedded Avife, and kept his distance accordingly ; 
 while the woman in the mean tinte took pet, and parted beds 
 upon it, and so the wizard saved his credit." 
 
 Less fortunate in this respect was Dr. William Ramsey, with 
 whom Dr. Vouiig was acquainted. SeeSidrophel Vapulans, p. 31, 
 " who publicly boasted of skill enough in astrology to fore- 
 know a man's fate, particularly whether he was born to be rich, 
 fortunate in marriage, kc. and depended so much upon it as to 
 assure himself of great wealth, and happy nuptials; who yet died 
 poor in a gaol, after he had married such a wife, as prevailed on 
 him to write that satire, entitled, Conjugium Conjurgium." 
 
 Some of the saints of those times, in cases of matrimony, took 
 a diflerent method, and pretended to seek the Lord, as appears 
 from the following prayer of Mr. George Swathe, minister af 
 Dcnham, in Suifolk. See his prayers, published 1739, p. 15. 
 " O my good l^ord, (Sc. 1 this night desire thy coiinsel in be- 
 half of Roger llorsteede of llengreave : Thou, Lord, knowest 
 whether it be better for him to live a single life, or to marry the 
 first Moman that was propounded to him, with Mbom h has been 
 thrice, who loves him well ; or to accept of the second maid 
 proftered him, which is further ofl", whom he bath only seen 
 once, she having carnal friends, and more beauty, and more 
 pleasing behaviour than the former, who hath godly friends : 
 yet at this present 1 know neither of these, nor any of their 
 friends by name or face. Lord, I desire thy.special counsel which 
 I shall adTise him unto, or to live as he is. I know not of these 
 three things which is best for him to chuse : I pray thee guide 
 me. in my judgment, that so I may in due time direct him what 
 
 way
 
 Canto IIT. IIUDIBRAS. 53 
 
 And for three years has rid your wit 
 560 And passion, without (hawing bit; 
 
 And now your bus'ness is to know 
 
 If you shall carry her or no. 
 
 Quoth Hudibras, You're in the right, 
 
 But how the devil you come by't 
 565 I cant imagine; for the stars, 
 
 I 'm sure, can tell no more than a horse ; 
 
 Nor.'fcan their aspects (though you pore 
 
 Your eyes out on 'em) tell you more 
 
 way to chiise what to do. Thou, O my God, knowcst what 
 way is best, what course will be most for thy glory, and for his 
 good. liord, he desires to resign his will to thy will, he desires 
 to go in that way wherein thou m ilt meet him, wherein thou 
 wilt bless him, wherein he may gain thee most glory in his life 
 and conversation. If thou wilt continue to him the gift of chas- 
 tity, as thou hast for thirty-five years, then persuade his heart 
 that way : If thou wilt have him accept of the first offer, then 
 direct him that way : If thou M'ilt have him take the second prof- 
 fer, then counsel him that way ; or shew to me which of these 
 ways is best, that I may direct him as from thy counsel. Lord, 
 let thy hand appear in the pitching of his heart upon that choice 
 which thou wouldst have him make ; let thy providence appear 
 in his choice. Hear my desires, petitions, and requests for 
 him." 
 
 V. 550. The stars your coming did foretel.^ " How to de- 
 termine their influence particular (says the author of the Turkish 
 Spy, vol. viii. book iv. letter x.) by divination, by calculating 
 nativities, erecting horoscopes, and other schemes of astrology : 
 to foretel things to come, to avoid prognosticated evils, and en- 
 gross all happy events ; to predict other men's fates, whikt wear* 
 ignorant of our own, &c^ is a thing which appears to me beyond 
 the power of human reason, and a science built on sand." 
 
 V. 557. You arc in love, Sir, zaiih a icldoic.~\ See cypsey- 
 fortune-teller to Sir Roger de Coverly, Spectator, No. 130. 
 
 V. 565, 566, for the stars, tm sure, can tell no mor* 
 
 than a horse.] Paracelsus (according to Mc Webster, Dis- 
 
 K 3 playing
 
 54 KUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Than th' oracle of sieve and sheers, 
 570 That turns as certain as the spheres : 
 But if the devirs of your counsel, 
 Much may be done, my noble Donzel ; 
 And *tis on his account I come, 
 To know from you my fatal doom. 
 675 Quoth Sidrophel, If you suppose, 
 Sir Knight, that I am one of those, 
 I might suspect, and take the alarm, 
 Your bus'ness is but to inform ; 
 
 playing of supposed Witchcraft, chap. xvii. p. 340^ was of a 
 different opinion ; "Praeterea sidcribus nota sunt omnia, qu<e 
 in natur^ existunt : unde (inquit) sapiens dominabitur astris : 
 is sapiens, qui virtutes illas ad sui obedicntiam cogere potest." 
 
 Nay some astrologers (see Gassendus's Vanity of Judiciary 
 Astrology, p. 6) supposed, "That in th zodiac were twelre 
 princely gods presiding over the twelve signs, there being besides 
 thirty other stars as privy counsellors to those deities, which did 
 observe and recount all occurrences upon earth, that the celes- 
 tial Senate might consult and decree accordingly." 
 
 V, 569. Than Hi' oracle of sieve ami sheers,'] See the manner 
 of trying this foolish experiment in Wierus, De Praestigiis Dae- 
 monum, lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 196; and in Scot, Discovery of 
 Witchcraft, book xii, chap, xvii, p. 262 ; book xvi. chap. v. 
 p. 478. 
 
 V. 572. mi) noble Donzel.'] Or Don, The word used 
 
 by Face to Surlcy, who (in Ben Jonson's Alchymist, act It. 
 sc. iii. and sc, vi,) acted the part of a Spaniard. 
 
 V. 578, but to inform.] At that time there was a 
 
 severe inquisition against witches, conjurers, S(c. (Mr. W.) as 
 there was at the beginning of the reign of King James I. I find 
 in Rymer's Foedera, vol. xvi. p. 666, a special pardon from King 
 James to Simon Read, for practising the black art. 
 
 V. 580. You have a zorong sow by the ear.] One of Sancho 
 Pancha's proverbial expressions. " He that thinks to grunt at 
 me, has a wrong sow by the ear." Don Quixote, vol, ii. 
 chap. XX. p. 249. 
 
 T. 581,
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 55 
 
 But if it be, 'tis ne'er the near, 
 580 You have a wrong sow by tlie ear : 
 
 For I assure you, for my part, 
 
 I only deal by rules of art ; 
 
 Such as are lawful, and judge by 
 
 Conclusions of astrology : 
 585 But for the devil, know nothing by him. 
 
 But only this, that I defy him. 
 
 Quoth he. Whatever others deem ye, 
 
 I understand your metonymy : 
 
 T. 581, 582. For I assure i/ou, for mij part^ I only deal by 
 rules of art.'] Gasscndus observes (see Vanity of Judiciary 
 Astrology, p. 136^, " That Heminga, a modern, having pro- 
 posed thirty eminent nativities, and reduced them to strict exami- 
 nation, according to the best rules of art, he declared, that the 
 experiments did by no means agree with the rules, sad events be- 
 falling such as were born under the most happy and promising 
 positions of heaven ; and good befalling such as the heavens 
 frowned upon, and threatened all the ruin and mischief unto, that 
 can be imagined ; and therefore concluded, that astrologers, 
 when they give judgment of a nativity, are generally the whole 
 heavens wide of the truth." Nay, Cardan himself owned (Sec 
 Gassendus's Vanity of Judiciary Astrolology, p. 159), '* That, 
 of forty things, scarce ten happened right." 
 
 V. 584. Conclusions of ait rology.'\ Mr. Ward,rhetoricprofessor 
 of G-resham college (see his Lives of the Professors, p. 126.) in- 
 forms us, that the learned Mr. Gataker desiring Mr. Henry 
 Briggs, the first geometry professor of that college, to give him 
 his judgment concerning judiciary astrology, his answer wa., 
 " That he conceived it to be a mere system of groimdlcss con- 
 ceits." And Mr. Oughtred calls him the mirror of the age, for 
 his excellent skill in geometry. Tacitus of old has exposed tham ; 
 see Sir Henry Savile's Translation, vol. iii. book i. p. 44. 
 Kircher speaks contemptibly of them (Athanasii Kirchcri Itiner. 
 exstatic. in globum Jovls, p, 213.) " Non possum non impro- 
 bare improbam quorundam astroiogorum audaciam et temeri- 
 tatem, qui tam tuto et confidenter de fortuna, ct cventibus, turn 
 regnorum, turn nationum secuturis vaticinantur, diim astrolo- 
 giam infallibilibns veritatis regulis astringere se pose putant." 
 VVolfius (Left. Memor. par. i. p. 796^ has given a remarkable 
 
 E 4 accounf
 
 66 HUDIBHAS. Part II. 
 
 Your words of second-haiul intention, 
 
 590 When things by wronoful names you mention; 
 The mystic sense of all your terms, 
 That are indeed but magic charms, 
 To raise the devil, and mean one thing, 
 And that is down-right conjuring : 
 
 account of an astrologer's son at Milan, -who was hanged, and 
 *hcrcby had eluded all the rules of his father's art. See the art 
 fully exposed, Dissertat. Favorini Philosophi advcrsus cos qui 
 Chaldaji appellantur ; A. Gellii Noct. Attic, lib. xiv. cap. i ; Jo. 
 Pici Mirandula^, lib. vi. torn. i. p. 397 ; Fra. Valesii, lib. de 
 Sacr^ Philosophia, cap. xxxi ; Turkish Spy, vol. viii. book iv. 
 chap. X ; Gasscndus's Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, passim ; 
 Preface to Dr. Long's Astronomy, p. 5 ; and Dr. James Young's 
 Sidrophcl Vapulans, p. 34, where it is fully exposed by many 
 learned men who had studied that art. 
 
 V. 588. I umlcrstaiul your metont/ini/ ] Metonymy is a figure in 
 rhetoric, which implies a changing or putting of one nan)e or 
 thing for ajiother ; as when the, cause is put for the effedl, the 
 subject for the adjunct, or contrarily. 
 
 V. 592, 593. That are indeed but magic charms, To raise the 
 
 devil, ] Mottray (Travels, vol ii p. 334) seems to dispute 
 
 the possibility of raising the devil ; and endeavours to confirm 
 
 his opinion by a remarkable story of Baron L , a Danish 
 
 prisoner of war, who was confined in one of the prisons of 
 Stockholm, for haying been convicted of a design of treating 
 with the devil, for a certain sum of money, Avhich at that time 
 he stood in extreme need of; and to this end, instead of ink, ho 
 had with his own blood signed a bond, by which he himself, 
 and some companions of his (who for want of money and credit 
 had signed it in the same manner), firmly and truly made their 
 souls over to the infernal spirit after their deaths, upon coiidi, 
 tion that he would pay them down that sum ; but neither he, 
 nor any of the rest, could compass their desired end, notwith- 
 standiug all the pains they took about it; going by ni;^h(s 
 under gibbets, and in biirying-placos, to call upon him, 
 and desiring him to trust them ; but neither body nor spirit 
 (says he) ever came to treat with them ; at last one of fhem 
 finding the devil would not help him, determined to try what 
 he could do for himself; and having robbed and murdered a 
 man, he was taken up, tried, aud executed, and in his con- 
 fession he owned the transaction and intent. And in Baron
 
 Canto III. IiyDIBRAS. 67 
 
 595 And in itself more warrantable, 
 Than cheat or canting to a rabble, 
 Or putting tricks upon the moon, 
 Which by confed'racy are done. 
 Your ancient conjurers were wont 
 
 600 To make her from her sphere dismount, 
 
 L 's chamber the bond was found, but torn to pieces, as 
 
 void, and of none effect. 
 
 V. 599.600. Your under t conjurers were zdotU To make her from 
 her sphere dismount. ~\ This power was ascribed to them by the 
 heathen poets. Thus Virgil speaks, Bucol. Eel. viii. 69, 70. 
 
 " Carmina vel coelo possunt dediicere Lunam : 
 Carrainibus Circe socios mutavit Ulyssei." 
 
 *' Pale Phoebe, drawn by verse, from heaven descends, 
 And Circe chang'd with charms Ulysses' friends." Dryd. 
 And Canidia, the witch in Horace, boasts of her power in this 
 respect : 
 
 " Meaeque terra cedit insolentiae, 
 An quae movere cereas imagines 
 (Ut ipse nosti curiosus) et Polo 
 
 Diripere Lunam" 
 
 Horat. Canid. Epod. xvii. 75, &c. 
 
 And the witch in Ovid pretended to the same power : 
 
 *' Te quoque Lunatraho," &c. Metamorph. vii. 207, &c. 
 
 '* And thee, Titania, from thy sphere I hail, 
 Though brass resounding thy extremes avail." 
 
 Mr. G. Sanilys. 
 This opinion seems to be sneered by Propertius, in the follow-i 
 ing lines, lib. i. elcg. i. 19. 
 
 " At vos dcducta; quibus est fallacia Lunae, 
 Et labor in magicis sacra piare focis, 
 En agedura Dominae mcntem convertite nostrsB, 
 Et facitc ilia meo pallcat ore magis. 
 Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidcra et amnes 
 Posse Cyteinis ducere carminibus." 
 
 Vide Tibull. de Facinatrice, lib. i. eleg. ii. 
 
 The author of tliis opinion (as Mr. Sandys observes, Notes 
 
 upon the 7th book of Ovid's Metamorph. p. 144, edit. 1640) 
 
 was Aglonice, the daughter of Hegemon, " who, being skilful 
 
 in astronomy, boasted to the Thessaliau women (foreknowing the 
 
 time
 
 58 IIUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 And to their incantations stoop ; 
 They scorn'd to pore through telescope, 
 Or idly play at bo-peep with her, 
 To find out cloudy or fair weather, 
 
 605 Which every almanac can tell 
 Perhaps as learnedly and well 
 As you yourself Then, friend, I doubt 
 You go the farthest way about. 
 Your modern Indian magician 
 
 610 Makes but a hole in th' earth to piss in, 
 
 time of the eclipse) that she should perform it at such a season, 
 which happening accordingly, they gave credit to her deception. 
 Nor is it a wonder, says Vives, that those learned men (namely, 
 Pindarus and Stesichorus) should believe, that the moon was 
 drawn down from heaven, since a sort of men, as we remember, 
 believed an ass had drunk her up : because as she shone in the 
 river where he drank, a cloud on the sudden overshadowed her : 
 For this the ass was imprisoned, and, after a legal trial, immedi- 
 ately ripped up, to let the moon out of his belly, that she might 
 shine out as formerly." Columbus imposed upon the Jamaicans 
 in the same manner, by foretelling an eclipse to happen two days 
 after, which they took for a miracle. Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. 
 T. p. 606. 
 
 V. 609, 610, Yourmodern Indian magician Makes but a hole in 
 th'' earth to piss in, &c. J The translator of Torquemeda, entitled, 
 The Spanish Mandeville, fol. 62, gives the following account : 
 *' Amongst other things, which are written in the Malleus Male- 
 ficarum, you will And, that the commissioners having apprehend- 
 ed certain sorceresses, willed one of them to shew what she could 
 do, assuring her life on condition, that from thenceforward she 
 should no more offend in the like : Whereupon, going out into 
 the fields, in presence of the commissioners and many others, 
 she made a pit in the ground with her hands, making water there- 
 in ; which being done, she stirred about the urine with one of her 
 fingers, out of which, by little and little, after she had made cer- 
 tain characters, and mumbled a few words, there rose a vapour, 
 which ascending upward like a smoke, began to thicken of itself 
 in the midst of the region of the air, gathering and making there 
 a black fearful cloud, which cast out so many thunders and light- 
 nings, that it seemed to be a thing hellish and infernal. The 
 
 woman
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 59 
 
 And straight resolves all questions by*t, 
 
 And seldom fails to be i' th' right. 
 
 The Rosicrusian way *s more sure 
 
 To brins: the devil to the lure. 
 615 Each of *em has a several gin, 
 
 To catch intelligences in : 
 
 Some by the nose with fumes trepan 'em, 
 
 As Dunstan did the deviPs grannum; 
 
 Others with characters and words 
 6^0 Catch 'em, as men in nets do birds ; 
 
 woman remaining all this while still, asked the commissioners at 
 last, where they would have that cloud discharge a great quantity 
 of stones ? They pointing to a certain place, where it could do 
 no hurt, the cloud of a sudden began to move itself with a 
 great furious blustering of winds ; and in a short space, coming 
 over the place appointed, discharged a great number of stones, 
 like a violent shower, diredlly within the compass thereof." See 
 Travels of Le Blanc, part ii. chap, xxiii. p. 302 ; and something 
 remarkable, Wolfii Lection. Memorab. par. i. p. 278 ; and 
 other stories of this kind, with a confutation, Scot's Disc, of 
 Witchcraft, chap. xiii. p. 60. 
 
 T. 6 1 7, 6 1 8. Sofne by the nose zcifh fumes trepan ^em As Di/ri^ 
 Stan did the deviV s grannum.'] St. Dunstan was made Archbishop 
 of Canterbury anno 961. His skill in the liberal arts and scien- 
 ces (qualifications much above the genius of the age he lived in) 
 gained him first the name of a conjurer, and then of a saint. 
 He is revered as such by the Romanists, who keep an holiday, 
 in honour of him, yearly on 19th of May. The monkish writers 
 have filled his life with romantic stories, and among the rest with 
 this mentioned by our poet : He was (say they) once tempted 
 to lewdness by the devil, under the shape of a fine lady : but, in- 
 stead of yielding to her temptations, he took the devil by the 
 nose with a pair of red-hot tongs. Sec English Martyrology, 
 by a catholic priest, 1608, p. 244 ; Wheatley's Rational Illus- 
 trat. fol. edit. p. 66 ; Winstaiiley's England's Worthies, p. 25. 
 
 V. 619. Others with charaSlers andzcords, &c.] See Chaucer's 
 third book of Fame, Works, 1602. fol, 267 ; AVcbster's Display- 
 ing of supposed Witchcraft, chap. xvii. p. 321, &c. 
 
 T. 627,
 
 CO HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 And some witli symbols, signs, and tricks, 
 Engrav'd in planetary nicks, 
 With their own influences will fetch *em 
 Down from their orbs, arrest, and catch 'em ; 
 625 Make 'em depose and answer to 
 
 . 6*27, 628. Jiumbastus kept a deviTs bird Shut in the pom- 
 viel of his szoord.'] Naudaeus (in his History of Magic, translateil 
 by Davics, chap. xiv. p. 185) observes of this familiar spirit, 
 " that though the alchymists maintain, that it was the secret of 
 the philosopher's stone, yet it were more rational to believe that 
 if there was any thing in it, it was certainly two or three doses 
 of his laudanum, which he never went without, because he did 
 strange things with it, and used it as a medicine to cure almost 
 ^11 diseases." 
 
 Paracelsus had such an opinion of his own chemical nostrums, 
 that he gloried he could make men immortal by the j)hiloso- 
 pher's stone, potable gold, and other arcana; and yet he himself 
 died at the age of forty-seven. Vide Arcana Paracelsi Op. Van 
 Helmont, p, 479 ; Sir Tho. Browne's Vulgar Errors, book iii. 
 ch. xii ; Wolfii Lection. Memorab. part. ii. p. 284, 285. 
 
 Paracelsus was called Aurelius, Philippus, Paracelsus, Theo- 
 phrastus, Bombastus, de Ilohenheim. He was born at the village 
 of Einfidlen, two German miles distant from the Helvetic Tigu- 
 rum, now called Zurich. It is said, that for three years he was 
 a sow-gelder. His father, William Hohenheim (a base child of a 
 Master of the Teutonic Order), not only left him a collection of 
 rare and valuable books, but committed him first to the care of 
 Trimethius,AbbotofSpanheim, and afterwards toSigismund Fug- 
 ger, of Zurich, famous for his chemical arcana. According to his 
 own account, he visited ail the universities of Europe ; and at 
 twenty years of age had searched into the mines of Germany and 
 Russia, till at last he was taken prisoner by the Tartars, and by 
 them sent to Constantinople. In his travels he obtained a col- 
 lection of the most sovereign remedies for all distempers, from 
 doctorsof physic, barbers, old women, conjurers, and chemists; 
 and was afterwards employed as adoftor and surgeon in armies, 
 camps, and sieges. He signalized himself at first by a rash incon. 
 siderate use of mercury and opium in the cure of thelcprosy, pox, 
 ulcers, and dropsies. The efiicacy of mercury was not at that 
 time M'ell understood: and according to the then opinion, opium 
 being cold in the fourth degree, the use of it, through fear, was 
 
 very
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 1 
 
 All questions ere they let them go. 
 Bumbastus kept a devil's bird 
 Shut in the pommel of his sword, 
 That taught him all the cunning pranks 
 630 Of past and future mountebanks* 
 'Kelly did all his feats upon 
 The devil's looking glass, a stone; 
 
 Tery much neglected ; insomuch that, by his rashness and bold- 
 ness in the use of these, he performed many cures, which the 
 regular physicians could not do : Amongst which tiaat on Fro- 
 beiiius of Basil was the mostreraarkable ; for, through his inter- 
 est, he was invited by the magistrates of that place to read pub- 
 lic lectures in physic and philosophy ; were he soon ordered the 
 works of Galen and Avicenna to be burnt, declaring to his 
 auditors, at the same time, that if God would not assist him, he 
 would advise and consult with the devil. Vide Zwinger's 
 Theatrum, page 227 ; Boerhaave's Chemistry, vol. ii. p. 
 22 ; Collier's Dift. (Mr. M.) Probably from his afieaed lan- 
 guage,swelling and blustering nonsense, came the word bombast. 
 
 r. 631, 632. Kelly did all his feats upon Tlie devifs looking 
 glass, a sione.^ This Kelly was chief seer (or, as Lilly calls him, 
 Speculator) to Dr. Dee, Life, p. 99; was born at Worcester, 
 and bred an apothecary, and was a good proficient in chemistry, 
 and pretended to have the grand elixir (or philosopher's stone) 
 which Lilly in his Life (p. 101. tells us he made, or at least re- 
 ceived ready made from a friar in Germany, on the confines of 
 the Emperor's dominions. He pretended to sec apparitions in a 
 chrystal or beryl looking-glass (or around stone like achrystal). 
 Alasco Palatine of Poland, Pucel a learned Florentine, and 
 Prince Rosemberg of Germany, the Emperor's Viceroy in Bo- 
 hemia, were long of the society with him and Dr. Doe, and 
 often present at their apparitions, as Mas once the King of 
 Poland himself. But Lilly observes, that he was so wicked, 
 that the angels would not appear to him willingly, nor be obe- 
 dient to him. Life, p. 101. 
 
 Weever (Funeral Monuments) allows him to have been a che- 
 mist, that he lost his ears at Lancaster, and raised a dead body 
 in that country by necromancy : That Queen Elisabeth sent for 
 him out of Germany ; but climbing over a wall at Pra2,ue, where 
 It is reported he was imprisoned for a chemical cheat put on the 
 Emperor, he broke his legs, and bruised himself, so that hedietl 
 soon after. He offered to raise up devils before Alasco, June 
 19,1581. His
 
 64 HUDIBRAS. Part If. 
 
 Where playing with him at bo-peep, 
 
 He solvM all problems ne'er so deep. 
 635 Agrippa kept a Stygian pug, 
 
 I' th* garb and habit of a dog, 
 
 That was his tutor, and the cur 
 
 Read to the occult philosopher, 
 
 His spirits told him, 1584, he should die a violent death. 
 Kelly, as 1 remember, is called Sir Edward by Mr, Ashmole. 
 Qu. Whether Queen Elisabeth knighted him for secret services ? 
 (Mr. S. W.) See more of him. Relation of what passed between 
 Dr. Dee and some Spirits, with a preiace by Meric Casaubon, 
 1659, folio, passim ; Sir Fra. Bacon's Apophthegms, No. 135 ; 
 Ashmole's Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, prope finem ; 
 Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 45, 46 ; Ben Jonsou's Alchy- 
 mist, a6l iv. sc. i. 
 
 V. 63^. The devil's looking-glass.^ Dr. Dee observes (see 
 Appendix Chronic. Johann. Glaston. p. 516) that he shewed 
 his famous glass, and the properties of it, to Queen Elisabeth. 
 
 This kind of juggling is mentioned by Fernelius, an eminent 
 physician, (lib. i. cap. xi. De abditis rerum causis, p. Ill, edit. 
 Geneva?, 1647.) " Vidi quendam, vi vcrborum spe<5lra varia in 
 speculum derivare, quae illic quaecunque imperaret, mox aut 
 scriptis, aut veris imagiiiibus ita dilucide exprimerent, ut promptc 
 et facile ab assidcntibus omnia internoscerentur. Audiebantur 
 quidem verba sacra, sed obsca?nis nominibus spurce contaminata : 
 cujusinodi sunt elemcntorum potestates ; horrenda quaedam et 
 inaudita principum nomina, qui Orientis, Occidentis, Au.stri, 
 Aquilonisque regionibus inipcrant. " Vide Wolfii Lection. Me 
 morab. par. post. p. 420. Dc Johanne Teutonico. See Lilly's 
 Life, p. 50 ; Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, book xv. chap. xi. 
 xii. p.411 ; Webster's Displaying ofSupposed Witchcraft, p. 310. 
 V. 635. ASfj/gianpug.'\ Vide Pauli Jovii Elog. Do6\ot. Viror. 
 p. 187. Carm. (ib) Baptista? Possevini. 
 
 " Latomi. 
 Ilunc tumulum baud charites servant, 
 
 Sed Erynnies atrae ; 
 Non musse, at sparsis anguibus Eumenides : 
 Colligit Ale6to Cineres, miscetque aconito, 
 Grataque dat Stygio liba voranda Cani. 
 Qui quod erat vivum comitatas, atrociter Orci, 
 
 Nunc quoque per cunctas raptat agitque vias: 
 Insultatque adeo, et furlas quia noverat omneis, 
 Salutat, injuDgit nomine quamque suo. 
 
 O miseras
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 63 
 
 And taught him subt'ly to maintain 
 040 All other sciences are vain. 
 
 To this, quoth Sidrophello, Sir, 
 Agrippa was no conjurer, 
 Nor Paracelsus, no nor Behmcn ; 
 Nor was the dog a cacodasmon, 
 
 O miseras arteis, quas solae ea commoda prasstant, 
 Accedat Stygias notus ut hospes aquas." 
 
 T. 639, 640. yind taught him ^ibVly to maintain All other sci- 
 ences are vain.^ Nothing can be im^re pleasant than this turn gi- 
 ven to Agrippa's silly book, De Vanitate Scientiarum. (Mr. W.) 
 
 T. 644. Nor was the flog a cacodcemon.) Paulus Jovius (Elog. 
 Doctor. Viror. edit. Basil. 1677, p. 187) gives in to the opinion 
 of Agrippa's being a conjurer, and-his dog a cacoda?mon. " Ex- 
 cessit e vita nondum senex apud Lugdunum, ignobili et tenebroso 
 in diversorio ; multis eum tanquara necromantiae suspicioue in- 
 famem, execrantibus ; quod cacodaemonem nigri canis specie 
 circumducerat ; ita ut quum propinqu^ morte ad poenitentiam 
 urgeretur, cani collare loreum magicis per clavorum emblemata 
 inscriptum notis exolverit ; in haec suprema verba irate prorura- 
 pens : Abi perdita bestia ; quae me totum perdidisti : nee usquam 
 familiaris ille canis, ac assiduus itinerum omnium comes, et turn 
 morientis domini deserter, postea conspectus est, quum pra^ci- 
 piti fiigas saltu in Ararim se immersisse, nee enatasse ab his, 
 qui id vidisse asserebant, existimetur." 
 
 Wierus, who was Agrippa's pupil and domestic, clears him 
 from this heavy charge. He owns that he had a dog and a bitch, 
 named Monsieur and Mademoiselle, which were great favourites ; 
 that the dog lay constantly under his bed, and was fed at his 
 table : and as he knew most things that were transacted in fo- 
 reign nations, the imprudent vulgar ascribed this to his dog, ta- 
 king him to be a daemon. But he observes, that in truth he cor- 
 responded with learned men in all nations, and daily received 
 his intelligence from them. De Praestig. Daemon, lib. ii. cap. v. 
 p. 164. See History of Magic, chap. xv. p. 200. SeeGlycas's ac- 
 count of Simon Magus's black dog. Hey wood's Hierarchy of 
 Angels, lib. vii. p. 476 ; and of two dogs at Salem, accounted 
 cacodaemons, or something as bad, for which they were put to 
 death, Dr. Hutchinson's Historical Essay of Witchcraft, p. 82 ; 
 and Wierus's Definition of a Cacodxmon, lib. i. cap. xxi. 
 
 v. 655.
 
 64 IIUDIBRAS. Part 11. 
 
 645 But a true dog that would shew tricks 
 For th' Emi>eix)r, and leap o'er sticks ; 
 Would fetch and carry, was more civil 
 Than other dogs, hut yet no devil, 
 And whatsoe'er he's said to do, 
 
 650 He went the self same way we go. 
 As for the Rosi cross philosophers, 
 Whom you will have to he but sorcerers. 
 What they pretend to is no more 
 Than Trismegistus did before, 
 
 655 Pythagoras, old Zoroaster, 
 And Apollonius their master; 
 To whom they do confess they owe 
 
 T. 655. oldZoroaiter.~\ The King of the Bactriansof that 
 
 name, who was slain by Ninus, or Scmiramis, has been common- 
 ly reputed the first inventor of magic. But Dr. Howel (see In- 
 stitution of General History, part i, book. i. chap. ii. p. 12) is 
 of opinion that Zoroastres the magician lived many years after 
 tliis King of the Bactrians. Fabricius thinks it a difficult mat- 
 ter to adjust the time in which he lived, there being several of 
 that name. Biblioth. Grafc. torn. i. lib. i. cap. xxxvi. p. 243. 
 V^ide Ammiani INIarcellini Rerum Gestar. 'lib. xxiii. p. 374 ; 
 Menagii Observat. in Diogencm Laertium, lib. i. edit. Paris. 
 1681 ; io. Pici Mirandul, in Astrolog. ; Sir VV^alter Raleigh's 
 Hist, of the World, edit. 1614, p. 170 ; Dr. Hey wood's Hierar- 
 cljy of Angels, p. 469 ; Dean I'rideaux's Connect, kc. part i. 
 book iv. p 167, folio edit. : Moyle's Works, vol. ii. p. 36, kc. ; 
 Hearne's System of Universal History, vol. i. j). 398; Turkish 
 Spji^ vol. iv. book iv. chap, ix : Dr. Hutchinson's Historical 
 Essay, p. 13. 
 
 V. 656. And Apollonius their master.^ Apollonius Tyanjeus's 
 life was written by Philostratus and Daniis. V ide Stephani 
 "CTIs. LingujE Latina;, Lewis's History of the Parthian Empire, 
 p. 237. &c. He was a great magician ; and some heathens, in 
 spite to Christianity, affirm, that his miracles were as great as 
 those of Christ and his apostles. See a remarkable account of 
 him, Fleury's Eccles. Hist. vol. ii. p. 70, 71, 101, HI, 148, 
 134, 155; Wier. de Priestig. Diemon. lib. ii. cap. iii. xi ; Dr. 
 
 Meric
 
 Canto HI. ttUBIBRAS. 85 
 
 All that they do, and all they know. 
 Quoth Hudibras, Alas 1 what is *t t* us, 
 660 Whether *t was said by Trismegistus, 
 
 If it be nonsense, false, or mystic. 
 
 Or not intelligible, or sophistic? 
 
 *Tis not antiquity, nor author, 
 ' That makes truth truth, altho' timers daugh- 
 665 *Twas he that put her in the pit, [ter ; 
 
 Before he puU'd her out of it : 
 
 And as he eats his sons, just so 
 
 He feeds upon his daughters too : 
 
 Nor does it follow, 'cause a herald 
 670 Can make a gentleman, scarce a year old, 
 
 Meric Casaubon's Preface to Dr. Dee's book of spirits. He 
 lived in the days of Domitian and Adrian. Vide Suidx Lex. 
 Fabricii Bibliothcc. Graec. lib. iv. cap. xxiv. lix. See a long list 
 of magicians, Turkish Spy, vol. vii. boolc iii. letter v. 
 
 V. 665, 666. 'Ticas he that put her in the pit, Before he pulled 
 her out oftt.^ This satire is fine and just, Cleanthes said, that 
 truth was hid in a pit. Yes (says our author), but you Greek 
 philosophers were they who first put her there, and then claim 
 ed to yoursolTes so much merit in drawing her out again. 
 The first Greek philosophers extremely obscured truth by 
 their endless speculations ; and it was the pretended business of 
 their successors to clear up matters. This does honour to our 
 author's knowledge of antiquity. (Mr. W.) 
 
 Y. 667, 668. And as he eats his sons, just so He feeds upon 
 his daughters tooJ] Chronus is said, by the mythologists, to hare 
 devoured his sons. Truth is said to be the daughter of Time ; 
 which Time is called by the Greeks Chronus, and so he may b 
 said to eat his daughters. (Mr. W.) 
 
 T. 669, 670, 671, 672. Nor does it foUozs, 'cause a herald- 
 Can make a gentleman, scarce a year old, To be descended of a 
 race Of ancient kings in a small space.l A sneer upon the mock 
 gentry of those times, who, as they increased in riches, thought 
 proper to lay claim to pedigrees to which they had no right. 
 
 Vol. II. F " Cprneliu#
 
 68 HUDIBRAS. f am XI. 
 
 To be descended of a race 
 Of ancient kings in a small ppace, 
 That we should all opinions hold 
 Authentic that we can make old. 
 
 675 Quoth Sidrophel, It is no part 
 Of prudence to cry cjown ap art \ 
 And wh^t it ipay perform deny, 
 Because you understand not why, 
 (As Averrhois play'd but ^ mean trick, 
 
 680 To damn pur whole t^rt for eccentric) 
 
 '* Cornelius Holland, a servant of the Vanes, got so much . 
 wealth, as to make him gaucy enough to hire Wjlliam Lilly, 
 and other pamphleteers, to derive his pedigree from John Hol- 
 land, duke of Exeter, although it be known he was originally a 
 link-boy." Walker's History of Independency, partii. p. 26, 27. 
 
 Such gentry were Thomas Pury the elder, first a weaver ia 
 Gloccatcr, theu an ignorant solicitor (History of Independency, 
 part i. p. 167 J ; John Blackston, a poor shopkeeper of New. 
 castle (id. ib. p. 160) ; John Birch, formerly a carrier, after- 
 V?H"ds a colonel (ib. p. 171) ; Richard Sajway, colonel, former- 
 ly a grocer's man (id. ibid.); Thomas Rainsborough, a skip. 
 P^r of Lynn, colonel and vice-admiral of England (id. ib.); 
 Colonel Thoipas Scot, a brewer's clerk (ibid, p, 173) ; Colonel 
 Philip Skippon, originally a waggoner to Sir Fra. Vere (see an 
 account of his rise. History of Independency, part i, p. 116, 
 117); Colpnel J. Jone?, a serving man (liate's Lives of the 
 Regicides, p. 22); Colonel Barkstcad, a pitiful thimble and bodn 
 kin goldsmith (History 0/ Independency, part ii. p. 155) i 
 Colonel Pride, a foundling and drayman (History of Indepen- 
 dency, part ii. p. 232) Colonel Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler, 
 and Colonel Harrison, a butcher. These and hundreds more 
 affefted to be thought gentlemen, and lorded it over persons at 
 the first raak and quality, 
 
 " Do you not know, that for a little coin, 
 Heralds can foist a name into the line ?" 
 
 Dry den's Hind and Panther. 
 
 This practice of the heralds is bantered by Sir Richard Steele, 
 (in his Mock Funeral, or Gri^f Alaraode) where he introduces 
 
 the
 
 Ca.vto III. HDDIBRAS. tt 
 
 For who knows all that knowledge contains? 
 Men dwell not on the tops of mountains, 
 But on their sides, or rising's seat; 
 So 'tis with knowledge's vast height. 
 
 685 Do not the hist'ries of all ages 
 Relate miraculous presages 
 Of strange turns in the world's affairs 
 Foreseen b' astrologers, soothsayers, 
 Chaldeans, learn*d Genethliacs, 
 
 690 And some that have writ almanacs ? 
 
 the servant of Sable the undertaker, expressing himself in th 
 following manner : 
 
 ** Sir, I had come sooner, but I went to the herald's for a 
 coat for Alderman Gathergrease, that died last night. He has 
 promised to invent one against to-morrow. 
 
 Sable. Ah, pox take some of our cits; the first thing after 
 their death is to take care of their birth. Pox, let him bear a 
 pair of stockings ; for he is the first of his family that ever wore 
 one." 
 
 Sec an account of the Biscayan, Don Quixote, vol. i. book 
 i, chap. viii. p. 9'! ; and of such gentry, Beaumont and Fletch- 
 fer's play, entitled, Nice Valour, or Passionate Madman, Works, 
 part ii. p, 501. 
 
 V. 679, 680. As Aver rhois played but a rnean triclc^ To damn, 
 ourtehole art for eccentric.^ Averrhois was an Arabian physician, 
 Burnamcd Commentator, who lived at Cordova in Spain, in the 
 year 1140. Vide Nancleri Chronograph, vol. ii. p. 85 ; Collier's 
 Dictionary. " Averrhoes celeber philosophus, &c. ubique astro* 
 nomiam lacerat, damnat, insectatur. Astrologorum opinionem^ 
 de coelestibus imaginibus, quibus subesse terrena figurae simills 
 animalia putant, fabulosam dicit, qua tamen sublata, ruit maxi- 
 ma pars astrologicae superstitionis : alibi quidem (ait) contraria 
 philosophiae, alibi fere omnia falsa dogmata astrologorum : turn 
 artem in universum vanam et infirmam." Jo. Pici Mirandula; ia 
 Astrolog. lib. i. tom. i. p. 282. Vide etiam Jo. Fra. Pici Miran. 
 dulK De Rerum Praenotione, lib. v. cap. vi. torn. ii. op. p. 359. 
 
 V. 689. Chaldeans^ learnhl Genethliacs.'] Gassend us observes of 
 the Chaldeans (Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, chap. xv. p. 98, 
 edit London, 1659, from Sextus Empiricus), " That when itiey 
 
 F 3 yret*
 
 6 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 The Median Einp'ror dreamt his daughter 
 Had piss'd all Asia under water. 
 And that a vine, sprung from her haunches, 
 0*erspread his empire with its branches : 
 
 695 And did not soothsayers expound it, 
 As after by the event he found it ? 
 When Cassar in the senate fell, 
 Did not the sun eclips'd foretel, 
 And, in resentment of his slaughter, 
 
 700 Look*d pale for almost a year after ? 
 
 \rere to obserre the time of an infant's natiyity, one Chaldean 
 sat watching on the top of an hill, or other eminent place, not 
 far from the groaning chamber, and attended to the stars; and 
 another remained below with the woman in travail, to give the 
 sign, by ringing a kettle or pan, at the instant of her delivery ; 
 which the other taking, obseryed the sign of the zodiac then 
 rising aboTe the horizon, and accordingly they gave judgment of 
 the infant's fortune ; and this if the birth happened in the night; 
 but if in the day, he that sat upon the high place, observed only 
 the motion of the sun." See Gasscndus's remarks upon it ; and 
 his first and second chapters, and the fourteenth, entitled. The 
 Genethliacal part of Astrology examined and exploded. Sexti 
 Empirici advers. Mathematicos, lib. v. p. 1 10. Aurelianae, 1621 ; 
 Mr. Winston's Account of the Rise and Progress of Mathema. 
 tics, prefixed to his Euclid, 1727, p. 5. 
 
 V. 691. The Median Emp'ror dreamt his daughter^ &c.] * A sty- 
 ages. King of Media, had this dream of his daughter Mandane, and 
 the interpretation from the Magi ; wherefore he married her to 
 a Persian of mean quality, by whom she had Cyrus, who con- 
 quered all Asia, and translated the empire from the Medcsto the" 
 Persians. Herodot. Clio. lib. i. p. 50. edit. Hen. Stephani. 
 
 V. 697. WhenCcesar in the senate fell^ &c.] * "Fiant aliquan- 
 do prodigiosi et longiores soils defectus, quales occiso Caesare 
 Dictatore, et Antoniano bello totius anni pallorc continue." 
 Plinii Nat. Hist. lib. ii, cap. xxx. 
 
 The prodigies and apparitions preceding his death arc men- 
 tioned by several writers. By Virgil, in his first Georgia : 
 ** Earth, air, and seas with prodigies were sign'd. 
 
 And birds obscene and howling dogs divin'd 
 
 Blood
 
 Canto III. IlUDIBRAS. 69 
 
 Augustus having b' oversight 
 Put on his left shoe 'fore his right, 
 Had Uke to have been slain that day. 
 By soldiers mutinying for pay. 
 
 705 Are there not myriads of this sort, 
 Which stories of all times report? 
 Is it not ominous in all countries, 
 When crows and ravens croak upon trees? 
 The Roman senate, when within 
 
 710 The city walls an owl was seen. 
 
 Blood sprang from wells, wolves hoAvl'd in to^^lS by night, 
 And boding victims did the priests affright." 
 
 Dryden. 
 Vide Horatii Carm. lib. i. ii. ad Augustum, cum not. Delphini ; 
 Livii Hist. lib. cxvi. cap, xliv. xIt ; Plutarch's Life of Julius 
 Caesar, p. 435, 436, 437 ; Chronic. Chronicor. lib. ii. p. 130; 
 Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, vol. vi. p. 137 ; Dr. Middleton's 
 Life of Cicero, vol. ii. Gassendus observes (Vanity of Judiciary 
 Astrology, p. 136) "That the Chaldeans predicted of Caesar, 
 Crassus, and Pompey, that each of them should not die but in 
 full old age, but in their houses, but in peace and undistinguished 
 honour; andyettheir fates were violent, immature, and tragical. 
 
 Kircher pretends to account for the paleness of the sun in 
 the following manner, Itin. Exstatic. in Globum Solis, p. 162. 
 **Hoc unicum tibi persuasum habeas, tanti palloris, ac diminuti 
 luminis in sole causas alias non fuisse, nisi saevas hujus globi 
 temj)estates quibus, eo tempore cataractissolaribuscircnraquaque 
 reclusis, tanta fumorum, vaporumque copia et multitudo exorta 
 fuit, ut omnem paene lucem in totius solis faciem inducta eclipsi 
 mortalibus eriperet : pallor vcro contigit ob raritatem vaporum ; 
 per quos sol non secus acpcr tenuera nubcm translucens, abduc- 
 fa nonnihil luce palliditatem nccessario incurrit, quam mox ac 
 exuerit serenitas solis sequitur." 
 
 v. 701. Augustus having^ &c.] * " Divus Augustus laevum sibi 
 prodidit calceum prappostere indutum, quo die seditione militum 
 prope afflictus est.'' Plin. lib. ii. Vide Sueton. lib ii. 29. 
 
 V. 709. Tlie Roman senate^ &c.] * Romani L, Crasso et C. Ma- 
 rio coss. bubone viso orbem lustrabant. See a remarkable ac- 
 count of an owl that disturbed Pope John XXIV. at a counril 
 held at Rome, Fascicul. R^. Expetendar. & Fugiendar. p. 402, 
 Brdwne's edit. F 3 t. 71.
 
 ro UUDIDRAS. Txnx 11. 
 
 Did cause their clergy, with lustrations, 
 
 (Our synod calls humiliations) 
 
 The round- fac'd prodigy t' avert 
 
 From doing town ox countFy hurt ?' 
 715 And if an owl have so much power, 
 
 Why should not planets have much more? 
 
 That in a region tar above 
 
 Inferior fowls of the air move, 
 
 And should see further, and foreknow T 
 720 More than tlieir augury below ? 
 
 Though that once serv'd the polity 
 
 Of mighty states to govern by ; 
 
 v.. 719, 720, 721, 722. and foreknots More than their 
 
 ajigurtf beloxo .^ Though that once served the Folitj/ Of mighfj/ 
 states to govern 6j/.J The Grecians and Romans were sujjcrstiti- 
 ously governed by auguries. Sec his Grace of Canterbury's 
 Antiquities of Greece as to the former j and Dr. Kennet^r 
 Roman Antiquities, and Dr. Middieton's Life of Cieero, 4ta 
 edit. vol. ii. p. 352, &c. as to the hitter, 
 
 V. 727, 728. Have kc not latetjj^ in the moon, Found a ne-oi 
 tzm^ldy to ih^ old unknov:n ?\ " The fame of Galileo^s observati- 
 ov^ excited many others ip repeat them, and to make maps of 
 the moon's spots : Among the rest, Langrenus the King of Spain's 
 eosmographer, and Heveljus, consul of Dantzick, were the most 
 diligent to fit their maps for astronomical uses : It was necessary 
 to give names to the most remarkable spots and regions. Langre- 
 nus called them by the names of the most i>oted mathematicians, 
 philosophers, and patrons of learning : But Ilevcrms pretend- 
 ing great dilBculty in a just distribution of the land, in propor- 
 tion to the merits of the learned, abolished their received grants; 
 and titles, and called them by the geographical names of places 
 oa earth, m ithout the least resemblance in their sriiapcs and 
 situations : This vanity of his has embarrassed the lunar region, 
 with a double nomenclature." See Dr. Smith's Complete Sys- 
 tem of Optics, vol. ii. book iv. chap. ii. p. 426 ; Xntroduct. ad 
 Veram Physicam, a Joanne K.eyl, M. D. lect. x, p. 118. edit, 
 172.1. See Dr. Hook's Micrograph, obscrv. Ix. p. 242, &c. 
 ^' I^ucldae illag iunaris globi plag%> nihil aliud sunt quom. 
 teffestcixun portionum emiocntiorcs regiones : Fascse, aut, 
 3 maria^
 
 Canto III. fiUDlBRA^. f^ 
 
 And this h what we take ift harid 
 By powerful art to understand ; 
 
 725 Which, how we have perform'd, all ages 
 Can speak the events of our presages. 
 Have we not latel}'^, in the moon, 
 Found a new world to th' old unknown ; 
 Discover'd sea and land, Coluitibus 
 
 730 And Magellan could never compass? 
 Made niountaitis with our tubes appear, 
 And cattle grazing on *em there ? 
 
 Quoth Hudibras, You lie so ope, 
 That I, without a telescope, 
 
 ' i 
 
 maria aut lacns exhibent: nigrae refo zat uiabr^' mon. 
 tium, aut luci in accessas vallium profuriditates, cavitatcsgue 
 indicant : quod tcI inde apparet, quod sol quaiito supra 
 horizontem lunareitt juxta phases ascenderit altius, tantor ob- 
 scuriusculas hujusmodi plagas magis magisque illustratas 
 Tideas donee in mefidie, qui fit tempore oppositioiiis solis et 
 lunae ; videlicet in plenilunio prorsus evanescant." Atfianasii 
 Kircheri Iter. Exstaticum in Lunam, 1656, p. 80. Ben Jonsoa 
 says, in banter of this opinion, see Works, 1&40, vol i. p. 41, 
 *' Certain and sure news, news from the newworld discovered ia 
 the moon of anew world, and new creatures in that world, in the 
 orb of the moon, which is now found to be an earth inhabited 
 ^ith navigable seas and rivers, variety of nations, polities, and- 
 fews, with havens cut, castles, port towns, inland cities, boa 
 foughs, hamlets, fairs and markets, hundreds and wapentakes^ 
 forests, parks, coney grounds, meadows, pasture, what not ?'* 
 See the Cure of Melancholy by Democritus Junior, concerning 
 the planets being inhabited, p. 254. 
 
 T. 729,730. t)iscover'(tsea tnidland, Cotitmhus And MageU 
 tan, could never compass.'^ See an account of Coliimbus and ^la- 
 gcllan, Collier's I)ictionary ; X.ediard'S Naval History, vol. i. 
 p. 76, 96 ; Chronic. Jo. Glastoniens. a Tho. Ht?arne, p. 552^ 
 Linschotcn's Voyages, part ii. p. 264 ; Purchas's Pilgrims, part 
 i. book ii. chap i. sect. iv. vol. v. book viii ; Churchill's Voyages, 
 vol, ii. p. 499 ; Turkish Spv, vol. v. book iii. letter ix. 
 
 ' F4 T.737.
 
 ft WUDIBRAS. PautH. 
 
 735 Can find your tricks out, and descry 
 Where you tell truth, and where you lie : 
 For Anaxagoras, long agon, 
 Saw hills as well as you i* th' moon : 
 And held the sun was but a piece 
 
 740 Of red-hot ir'n, as big as Greece ; 
 
 Believ'd the heavens were made of stone, 
 Because the sun had voided one ; 
 And rather than he would recant 
 Th* opinion, suffered banishment. 
 
 745 But what, alas ! is it to us, 
 
 Whether i* th' moon men thus or thus 
 Do eat their porridge, cut their corns, 
 Or whether they have tails or horns ? 
 What trade from thence can you advance, 
 
 750 But what we nearer have from France ; 
 What can our travellers bring home. 
 That is not to be learnt at Rome ? 
 
 V. 737. For Anaxagoras long agon."] See Dr. Wilkins's Dis- 
 covery of a new World of the Moon, prop. ix. p. 95, 4th edit. 
 
 T. 739, 740. And held the sun uas but apiece Ofred'hot ir^n^ 
 as big as Greece.^ See various opinions concerning the bigness 
 of the sun enumerated by the commentator upon Creech's 
 Lucretius, book v. p. 489. edit. 1714; Dr. Derham's Astro- 
 theology. Its distance from the earth is computed by Dr. Har- 
 ris (see Astronomical Dialogues, p. 75) to be seventy or eighty 
 millions of miles, and its dianieter, or breadth from one side to 
 the Other, about eight hundred thousand miles, which is above 
 an hundred thousand times greater than the diameter of our 
 earth ; and therefore the bulk or rather quantity of matter in 
 the sun must exceed that of the earth above an hundred millions 
 f times (p. 76). 
 
 T. 741, 742. Believed the heavens Tcere made of stone^ Because 
 tliesun hud voided one. 1^ Vide Diogeuis Laertii Anax&gor. lib. ii. 
 
 segm.
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 75 
 
 What politics, or strange opinions. 
 That are not in our own dominions? ' 
 
 755 What science can be brought from thence, 
 In whicji we do not here commence ? 
 What revelations, or religions, 
 That are not in our native regions ? 
 Are sweating lanthorns, or screen-fans, 
 
 760 Made better there than th' are in France ? 
 Or do they teach to sing and play 
 O' th* guittar there a newer way ? q--, 
 
 Can they make plays there, that shall fit 
 The public humour, with less wit ? 
 
 765 Write wittier dances, quainter shows, 
 Or fight with more ingenious blows ? 
 Or does the man i' th' moon look big, 
 And wear a huger periwig, 
 Shew in his gait, or face, more tricks 
 
 770 Than our own native lunatics? 
 
 segm. X, xi, xii. See a banter upon the prodigy of raining 
 stones, Barclay's Argenis, lib. ii. cap. iv. p. 133, 4to. <?dit. 
 
 y. 759. ^re sweating lanthorns or screen-fans.'] Screen -fans 
 are made of pasteboard, straw, feathers, or some such light ma- 
 terials, and are often hung up by chimnies, to be used occasio- 
 nally for defonding the face or eyes from the fire. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 76 3. Can they make plays there, &c. 7(See Cervantes's Life by 
 Mr. Jarvis, prefixed to his translation of Don Quixote, p. 30, 
 31). Mr. Warburtonis of opinion, that the plays hens mention- 
 ed are those which were after satirized by the Rehearsal. This 
 may be true with regard to some : but Mr. Dryden, the princi- 
 pal person satirized in that play, stands clear; for his first play, 
 The Wild Gallant, was first published in 1668 or 1669 (see his 
 Life, General Historical Dictionary, p. 678), and these lines 
 under consideration were published in the year 1664. 
 
 r. 7 67 J 768. Or does the man i' W moon look big, And-xear a 
 
 huger
 
 74 Hl'DIBRAi;, PAiit 11^ 
 
 But if w* out-do him here at home, 
 What good of your design can come ? 
 As wind i' th* hypochondries pent, 
 Is but a blast if downward sent ; 
 
 775 But if it upward chance to fly, 
 Beconies new light and prophecy : 
 So when your speculations tend 
 Above their just and useful end, 
 Although they promise strange and great 
 
 780 Discoveries of things far fet, 
 
 hn^er 'perimg:'\ A banter, probably, upon the French : for in 
 1629 is reckoned the epocha of long perukes ; at which time 
 they began to appear ai Paris, whence they spread by degrees 
 throughout the rest of Europe. Chambers's CycIopa;dia, (see 
 Veruke). 
 
 V. 770. Than oar oren native tunaiks.'] A sneer probaWy upon 
 the then lunatic house of commons, who Were literally taken for 
 madmen by a country bumkin : He desiring to see Bedlam, was 
 carried to the house of commons ; and peeping in at the lobby, 
 by his friend's direction, and seeing the members in a hurry, 
 attended with great noise, as was usual in those times, he scoured 
 off at the sighty with an outcry all the way as he went, That the 
 taadmen were broke loose. L'Estrange's Fables, partii. fab. 165. 
 
 V. 773, 774. Js ut'iid V tli' hypochondries pent Is but a blast, 
 -if dotpjncard sent.'] This alteration by the merry writer of ati^ft 
 <5ntitled The Benefit of F ^t g explained, 
 
 Is but a f t, if downward sent, 
 which he defines (p. 9) to be " a nitro-aerial vapour, exhaled 
 I'ron^ an adjacent pond of stagnant water of a saline nature, and 
 rarifitfd and sublimed into the nose of a microcosmical alembic by 
 the gentle heat of a stercoraceous balneum, with a strong empy- 
 Tcuma, and forced through the posteriors by the compressi?e 
 power of the expulsive faculty." 
 
 Which thought was probably borrowed from a book, entitled, 
 $'acctiae Facetiarum: hoc est, Joco-seriorum Fasciculus novusy 
 Pathopoli, i667j, p. 42, where is the following, question and- 
 answer. 
 
 *' An peditus arte chemica distillari possit^ ita ut educatur 
 
 ^ulnta peditutim essentia t Rcsp. Bfaxhne j gcd cum splritus sint 
 
 ' *- " idcirco
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. fy 
 
 Tliey are but idle dreams and fancies, 
 And savour strongly of the Ganzas* 
 Tell me but what's the natural cause, I 
 Why on a sign no painter draws 
 
 7S5 The full-moon ever, but the half, 
 
 Resolve tlmt with your Jacob's staff; , 
 Or why wolves raise a hubbub at her, 
 And dogs howl when she shines in water ? 
 And I shall freely give my vote, 
 
 790 You may knx)w- something more remote. 
 
 idclrco recipienteauiplo, qualiutuntur inoleo vitrioli, et podice 
 arete applicato, exctpiendi sunt magnS, copia ; deinde conden- 
 aandi iu oleosam substantiam, sive balsamuin : Qui postea per 
 circulationcm in sole- perfici debet, et fiet quinta essentia max- 
 imarum facultatunr." See Hypochondriac Regions, Quincy's and 
 Blanchard's Physical Dictionaries, and Bailey. 
 
 V. 775, 776. But if it upxzard chance to Jly Becomes new UglU 
 and prophecy.^ '' Quando intro conduntur, et rcvolvuntnr, vel 
 occludiintur, flatus illi caput replent, et propter exhalationum 
 multitudinem imaginationein corruinpunt, melancholicos, phreni- 
 ticos, faciunt ; aliisque gravissimis morbis homixienLimplicant." 
 Facet. Facetiar. &c. De Peditu, ejusque speciebus, p. 35. 
 
 V. 782. And savour strongly of the Gatizas.'] Gonzago (or J>(>- 
 mingo Gonzales) wrote a voyage to the moon, and pretended ta 
 be carried thither by geese, in Spanish Ganzas. (Mr. W.) Sea 
 an epitome of his romance, Turkish Spy, vol. v. book ii. chap. xi.. 
 
 V. 786. Resolve that with your J acob^ s staff.'] A mathematical 
 instrument for taking heights and distances. (See Chambers's 
 Cyclopaedia.) 
 
 ' Reach then^ a soaring quill, that I may wrrtp. 
 As with a Jacob's staff to take her height," 
 
 Cleveland's Hecatomb to his Mistress, p. 1 1* 
 See a rema-rkable account of an astrologer at the King of Spain'* 
 court, who, without the help of this instrument, with the naked 
 eye, could nearly take heights, Lady's Trateis, &g. 5th edition^ 
 part iii. p. 251. 
 
 T. 787. Or zshy zvohes ruise a hudbitb at her."] 
 
 " Et alte 
 
 Per noctenL resonate, lapis ululantibus, urbcs." 
 
 Vii^. GeoTg. lib. i. 485, 48G. 
 ' No>r
 
 tt HUDIBRAS. PartIL 
 
 At tliis deep Sidrophel look'd wise, 
 And staring round with owl-like eyes, 
 He put his face into a posture 
 Of sapience, and began to bluster: 
 
 795 For having three times shook his head, 
 To stir his wit up, thus he said : 
 Art has no mortal enemies 
 Next ignorance, but owls and geese; 
 Those consecrated geese in orders, 
 
 800 That to the Capitol were warders : 
 
 *' Now the hungry lion roars, 
 And the wolf behowls the moon." 
 Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, act r. 
 vol. i. p. 146. See Mr. Warburton's note. 
 *' Pray you no more of this, 'tis like the howling of Irish 
 wolves against the moon." Shakespeare's As you like it, vol. 
 ii. p. 260. Sec Fletcher's Fair Shepherdess. 
 
 V. 793, 794. He pvt his face into a posture Of sapience, and 
 begun to Uiis-ter.l Much like this contrast Mas that between Sir 
 Samson I^ogcnd and old Foresight (Congreve's Love for Love, 
 act ii. so. 5), when they were treating of a match between Ben, 
 the son of Sir Samson, and Miss Prue, old Foresight's daughter. 
 Sir Samson talking in a romantic strain, and calling Foresight 
 Brother Capricorn. " Capricorn in your teeth (says Foresight), 
 thou modern Mandeville. Ferdinando Mendcz Pinto was but 
 a type of thee, thou liar of the first magnitude. Take back 
 your paper of inheritance ; send your son to sea again. Pll 
 wed ray daughter to au Egyptian mummy, ere she shall incor- 
 porate wi th a contemner of science and defamcr of virtue." 
 
 V. 797, 798. j4rt has no mortal enemies Next ignorance ] 
 <' Et quod vulgo aiunt artem non habere inimicum nisi ignoran- 
 fem. Plane teste Livio, miraciilum litcrarum ros nova, imo 
 plerumque exosa est inter rudesartium homines." Nic. Reusner. 
 Symbolor. Imperator. class, i. symbol. Ixiv. p. 136. 
 '* Thou hit'st the nail in all things right, but O the boore! 
 
 That caitiff kerne, so stout, so stern, ill thrive he evermore: 
 
 That capt thee for a bunch of grapes, ten thousand tivels 
 supplant him, 
 
 I sec well, science hath no foeman, nisi ignor^ntem." 
 
 Rob. Riccomontanus's Pancgyr, Verses upon T. Coryat. 
 
 T. 799.
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 77 
 
 And being then upon patrol, 
 With noise alone beat oft' the Gaul : 
 Or those Athenian sceptic owls 
 That will not credit their own souls ! 
 
 805 Or any science understand, 
 
 Beyond the reach of eye or hand ; 
 But meas'ring all things, by their own 
 Knowledge, hold nothing's to be known : 
 Those wholesale critics, that in coffce- 
 
 810 Houses, cry down all philosophy, 
 
 T. 799, 800. Those consecrated geese in orders. Tliat to the 
 capital zcere zsardcrs.'] The capitol was sayed by the cackling of 
 the geese, when besieged by Brennus the Gaul ; Livii Histor. 
 lib. V. cap. xlrii, vol. i. p. 388,Jed. J, Cleric), See J. Taylor's 
 Goose. The Romans, in memory of this, ever after fed geese 
 in that place at the pu])lic charge, by whose image they repre- 
 sented safe custody. See Mr. Sandys's notes on the ninth book 
 of Ovid's Metamorphosis, p. 217; J. TayIor'.s Goose, Works, 
 p. 109; Montaigne's Essays, vol. ii, chap. xi. p. 15 4; Notes 
 on Creech's Lucretius, book iv. p. 366. See an account of 
 Socrates swearing by a goose, Menagii Observat. in Diogen. 
 Laertium, segm. 40; and a humorous poem, entitled, Upon a 
 late Order for shooting the Geese in the parks about St. James's. 
 Miscell. Poems, published by D. Lewis, 1730, p. 305. 
 
 T. 803. Or those Athenian sceptic ozd.'.l The owl was sacred 
 to Minerva, and called the bird of Athens, 
 
 *' Fast by the crow the bird of Pallas sat. 
 In silent wonder, both suspend their hatp." 
 
 Mr. Fenton's notes upon Waller, p. 4. 
 
 See Mr. Gay's fable of Two Owls and a Sparrow. 
 
 The owl was in high esteem with the Tartars. The reason 
 was this : One of their kings, named Chungius Chan (a great 
 favourite), being pursued by his enemies, hid himself in a bush, 
 whither they came so seek him ; an owl flying out of it, they 
 desisted from further search. Hence, in gratitude, they wear 
 in their helmets owls feathers. See Voyage, <S:c. of Sir Joha 
 Maundeville, chap, xxi ; Purchas's Pilgrims, part iiij lib. i. p. 
 1 12 ; Fuller's History of the Holy War, book iv. chap. i. p. 169. 
 
 T. 817.
 
 n HUDIBRAS. pAHtll. 
 
 And will not know upon what j^roiiml 
 In nature wc our doctrine found, 
 Although with pregnant evidence 
 Wd can demonstrate it to sense, 
 
 8Io As I just now have done to you, 
 Foretelling what you came to know. 
 Were the stars only made to light 
 Robbers and burglarers by night ? 
 To wait on drunkards, thieves, gold-finders, 
 
 820 And lovers solacing behind doors, 
 Or giving one another pledges 
 Of matrimony under hedg-es ? 
 Or witches simpling, and on gibbets 
 Cutting from malefactors snippets ? 
 . 8C5 Or from thepiUory tips of ears 
 Of rebel-saints and perjurers ? 
 Only to stand by, and look on. 
 But not know what is said or done ? 
 
 T. 817. Were the stars only made to light, &c.3 See Gassen- 
 dus's Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, chap, xriii. p. 115. 
 
 V. 823, 824. Or wztches shnplfng, and on gibbets Cutting from 
 malefactors snippets.} In the ingredients of the witches charms 
 (Shakespeare's tragedy of Macbeth, q,R iv. vol. t. p. 439) are 
 the following : 
 
 ** Nose of Turk, and Tartar's lips, 
 Finger of birth-strangled babe, 
 Pitch-deliver'd by a drab. 
 Make the gruci thick and slab : 
 Add thereto a tiger's cha^vdron.* 
 And page 441. 
 
 *' \st Witch. Pour in sow's blood, that hath eaten 
 Her nine farrow, grease that swcaten 
 From the murderer's gibbet, throw 
 Into the flame." 
 fcir from the skulls of dying strumpets shorn, 
 nd felons twnes from rifled gibbets torn, 
 
 Likt
 
 Caoto nr. HUDIBRAS ^ 
 
 Is there a constellation there, 
 830 That was not born and bred up here ? 
 
 And therefore cannot be to learn 
 
 In any inferior concern. 
 
 Were they not, during all their lives, 
 
 Most of *em pirates, whores, and thieves ? 
 835 And is it like they have not still 
 
 In their own practices some skill ; 
 
 Is there a planet that by birth 
 
 Does not derive its house from earth? 
 
 And therefore probably must know 
 840 What is, and hath been done below : 
 
 Who made the Balance, or whence came 
 
 The Bull, the Lion, and the Ram ? 
 
 Did not we here the Argo rig? 
 
 ]\Iake Berenice's periwig? 
 S45 Whose hvery does the coachman wear ? 
 
 Or who made Cassiopeia's chair? 
 
 Like those which some old hag at midnight steaIS| 
 For witchcraft, amulets, and charms, and spells^ 
 Are pass'd for sacred to the cheap'ning rout, 
 And worn on fingers, breasts, and ears about." 
 Oldham's 4th Satire against the Jesuits, 6th edit, p, 75, 
 See manner of enchanting in Medea's days, Mr. G. Sandys's noteg 
 upon the 7th book of Ovid's Metamorphosis ; see likewise Ad- 
 mirable History of a Magician, 4to, London, 1613, p. 332. 
 
 T. 829, 830. Is there a eonstellation there Tliat was not born 
 and bred up here ?~\ For the explanation of this, see the passage 
 of Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology of the Greeks, p. 83, 84, 85, 
 beginning " Now Chiron delineated," &c. and ending p. 85, at 
 the bottom, " built by the Greeks." (Mr. W.) 
 
 y. SA4. MaJceBei^nice*sperixzig.~\ '' When Ptolemy Eucrgetes 
 went on his expedition into Syria, Berenice, his Queen, out of the 
 Under love she had for him; being mach concerned because 
 
 of
 
 80 HUDIBRA'S. Part II. 
 
 And therefore, as they cainefrom hence, 
 With us may hold intelligence. 
 Plato deny'd the world can be 
 
 850 Govern'd without geometry, 
 
 (For money being the common scale 
 Of things by measure, weight, and tale, 
 In all tlf affairs of church and state 
 'TIS both the balance and the weight:) 
 
 855 Then much less can it be without 
 Divine astrology made out ; 
 
 of the danger which she feared he might be exposed to in this 
 var, madea vow of consecrating her hair (in the fineness of 
 which, it seems, the chief of hor beauty consisted) in case he 
 returned again safe and unhurt ; and therefore, upon his com- 
 ing back again with safety and full success, for the fulfilling of 
 Jier TOW, she cut off her hair, and offered it up in the temple, 
 which Ptolemy Philadelphus had built to his beloved wife 
 Arsinoe, on the promontory of Zephyrium, in Cyprus. But 
 there, a little after, the consecrated hair being lost, or perchance 
 contemptuously flung away by the priests, and Ptolemy being 
 much offended at it, Cononof Samos, a flattering mathematician, 
 then at Alexandria, to salve up the matter, and ingratiate him- 
 self with the King, gave out, that this hair was catchcd up into 
 heaven ; and he there shewed seven stars, near the tail of the 
 Lion, not till then taken into any constellation, which he said 
 were the Queen's consecrated hair; which conceit of his, other 
 flattering astronomers followed, with the same view, or per- 
 chance not daring to say otherwise." Hence Coma Berenices, 
 the hair of Berenice, became one of the constellations, and is so 
 to this day. Prideaux's Connect, part ii. book ii. p. 64, folio 
 edit. 1718. Vide Jo. Fra. Pici Mirandulae Op. tom. ii. p. 316; 
 Jlowel's History of the World, vol. i. p. 6S3 ; Chambers's 
 Cyclopaidia. 
 
 Ver'nvig put here probably for the sake of the rhyme : Some 
 of the ancient Poets allude to the custom of wearing periwigs, 
 or false hair. 
 
 " Foemina procedit dcnsissima crrnibus emptis, 
 Proque suis alios eflicit aere suos. 
 
 Ovid, de Arte Amandi, lib. iii. 165, 166^ 
 
 ''Jurat
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 81 
 
 That puts the other down in worth, 
 
 As far as heaven's above the earth. 
 
 These reasons (quoth the Knight) I grant 
 860 Are somethino; more significant 
 
 Than any that the learned use 
 
 Upon this subject to produce ; 
 
 And yet th' are far from satisfactory, 
 
 T' establish and keep up your factory. 
 865 Th* Egyptians say, the sun has twice 
 
 Shifted his setting and his rise ; 
 
 ^' Jurat capillos esse, quos emitsuos 
 Fabulla, nunquid ilia paulo pejerat ?" 
 
 MartLalis Epigram, lib. yi. 12. 
 *' Dentibus atque comis, nee te pudet, uteris emptis, 
 Quid facies oculo, Laslia? non emitur." 
 
 Epigram, lib. xii. 23. 
 V. 845. Whose livery docs the coachman zeeor.l Alluding to 
 Charles's wain, seven stars in the constellation Ursa Major, of 
 which Bootes is called the driver. 
 
 V. 846. Or who made Cassiopeia'' s chair.'] One of the consteU 
 lations of the northern hemisphere. See Heywood's Hierarchy 
 of Angels, book iii- p. 114; Chambers's Cyclopaedia; Bailey's 
 Di6l. Dr. Harris has explained this, Astronomical Dialogues, 
 p. 63, 64; and adds, p. 65, " That about the year 1572, there 
 appeared a new star in this constell-ation, which appeared as big 
 as Jupiter now appears to be, and was fixed to one place, like 
 the rest of the fixed stars ; but lessened by degrees, and at last, 
 at the end of eighteen months, went quite out, and appeared no 
 more." 
 
 V. 849, 850. Plato deny'^d the zcorld can be Goverri'd without 
 geometri/.l It commonly passes for Plato's saying, I Qtos ytu^Lt- 
 r^t. To this I suppose the author alludes, and by governed, he 
 may mean continued, or preserved in its regular order or 
 motions. (Mr. D.) 
 
 V. 865, 866, 867, 868. Th' Egyptians say the sun hastxcice 
 Shifted his setting and his rise; Tzcice has he risen in the west, 
 As many times set in the east.] Here the author alludes to a strange 
 story in Herodotus (Euterpe, lib. ii. cap. cxlii.) that the sun in 
 Yoh. II. G thfe
 
 S3 nUDIBRAS. Paw IL 
 
 Twice has he risen in the west, 
 
 As many times set in the east : 
 
 But whether that he true, or no, 
 870 The devil any of you know. 
 
 Some hold the* heavens, like a top, 
 
 Are kept by circulation up, 
 
 And were 't not for their wheeling round. 
 
 They'd instantly fall to the ground ; 
 875 As sage Empedocles of old, 
 
 And from him modern authors hold. 
 
 Plato believ*d the sun and moon 
 
 Celow all other planets run. 
 
 Some Mercuiy, some Venus seat 
 S80 Above the sun himself in height. 
 
 The learned Scaliger complain'd 
 
 'Gainst what Copernicus maintain'd, 
 
 the space of 11,340 years, during the reigns of their ancienf^^ 
 kirtgs, had altered his course twice, rising where he then set, and 
 setting \rhere hd rose. The learned Dr. Long, Master of Pcm- 
 broke-hall, Cambridge (see his Astronomy, printed at Cam- 
 bridge, 1 742, p. 277 and 285), says, " that this seems to be only 
 an idle amusing story, invented by the Egyptians, to support 
 their tain pretensions to antiquity, but fit to pass only among 
 persons ignorant of astronomy." 
 
 In the Chinese History (Martinii Ilistoria Sinipa, lib. i. p. 
 37) it is observed, that in the reign of their seventh Emperor 
 Yao, the sun did not set for ten days successively ; and that the 
 inhabitants were afraid of a general conflagration, there being 
 Tcry great fires at that time. 
 
 . 871. Some hold the hearrns, &c.] **' Causa quare coclura 
 non cadit (secundum Empcdoclera) est vclocitas sui nvotus." 
 Comment, in lib. ii. Aristot. de Coclo. 
 
 y. 873. And were ^tnoff &c.3 And 'twere not, in the four first 
 editions, altered in edit. 1689. 
 
 V. 875 As sage Empedocl-js, &c.] A philosopher of Agrigen- 
 tum^ an epic poet. Vide Suide Lexicon, v. 877. 
 
 3
 
 Canto 111. IIUDIBRAS. 8l 
 
 That in twelve hundred years and odd, 
 The sun had left its ancient road, 
 
 885 And nearer to the earth is come 
 
 'Bove fifty thousand miles from home : 
 Swore 'twas a most notorious flara^ 
 And he that had so little shame 
 To vent such fopperies abroad, 
 
 890 Deserv'd to have his rump well claw'd .* 
 Which Monsieur Bodin hearing, swore 
 That he deserv'd the rod much more, 
 That durst upon a truth give doom, 
 He knew less than the Pope of Rome* 
 
 895 Cardan believ'd great states depend 
 Upon the tip o* th' bear's tail's end ; 
 That as she whisk'd it t'wards the sun, 
 Strow'd mighty empires up and down : 
 
 T. 877. Piato believed. Sec.'] * " Plato solem et lanam caeteris 
 planetis inferiores esse putavit." G. Gunnin in Cosmog. lib. i. 
 p. 11. 
 
 V. 881. The learned Scaliger, &c.] * " Copernicus in libris re- 
 Tolutionum, deinde Rcinholdus, post ctiam stadius, mathematici 
 nobiles perspicuis demonstrationibus docuerunt, solis apsida 
 terris esse propiorem, quam Ptolemaei aetate duodecim partibus^ 
 i. e. uno et triginta terraj semidiametris." Jo. Bod. Met. Hist, 
 p. 455. 
 
 V. 882. 'Gainst vthai Copernicm maintain' dJ] After this line, in 
 the first editions of 1 664, stand these four, instead of the eight 
 following ones, six of which were added in 1674. 
 About the sun's and earth's approach, 
 And swore that he, that dar'd to broach 
 Such paultry fopperies abroad, 
 Deserv'd to have his rump well claw'd. 
 T. 894. He knew less, &c.] JIc Xvjew no tnore, &c. two first 
 editions 1664. 
 
 V. 895, 896. Cardan believ'd great states depend Upon the tip 
 ' th'' bear's (aU's end.'] * Putat Cardan us ab extremi caudil 
 
 G 2 Majorl*
 
 S4 HUDIBRAS. PartII. 
 
 Which others say must needs be false, 
 
 900 Because your true bears have no tail.3. 
 Some sa y the zodiac constellations 
 Have long since changd their antique stations 
 Above a sign, and prove the same 
 In Taurus now, once in the Ram : 
 
 i)05 Affirm the trigons choj)p'd and chang'd, 
 The wat'ry with the fiery rang'd, 
 
 Majoris UrscC oninc magnum imperluin pendcre." Jo. BodGni 
 Met. Hist p. 325. 
 
 Dr. James Voung observes (Sidrophel Vapulans, p. 29), that 
 Cardan lost his life to save his credit : for having prcdit^led the 
 time of his own death, he starved himself to verify it ; or else 
 being sure of his art, he took this to be his fatal day, and by 
 those apprehensions made it so. Gassendus adds (Vanity of 
 Judiciary Astrology, chap. xxi. p. 159), that he pretended 
 exaftly to describe the fates of his children in his voluminous 
 commentaries, *' yet all this while never suspeftcd, from the rules 
 of his great art, that his dearest son should be condomued to 
 have his head struck off upon a scaffold by an execationcr of 
 justice, for destroying his own wife by poison, in the flower of 
 his youth." See Dr. Long's Preface to his Astronomy, p. 5. 
 
 V. 900. Because your true bears have no tails.'] This is not lite- 
 rally true, though they have very short ones. " Ursis natura 
 caudam diminuit : quod relrquum corpus admodum pilosum." 
 Aristot. " Caodae parva; vitiosis animalibus, ut ursis." Pliu. Vida 
 Conradl Gesneri Histor. Animal, lib. i. p. 1067. The Earl of 
 Leicester, when Governor of the Low Countries, used to sign 
 all instruments with his crest, which was the bear and the ragged 
 staff (the coat of the Warwick family, from which he was de- 
 scewled), instead of his own coat, which was the green lion 
 with two tails : upon which the Dutch, who suspected him of 
 ambitious designs, wrote under his crest, setup in public places, 
 " Ursa caret cauda, non qut'at esse leo.** 
 
 " ITic bear he never can prevail 
 To lion it, for want of tail.'* 
 
 Fuller's Worthies of England, Warwickshire, p. 1 18. 
 
 T. 901. Some say tlie zodiac con.'rtcUations.'] This and the three 
 following lines inserted 1674. la the first editions of 1664 they 
 stand thMS : Some
 
 X;aNTo III. IIUDIBRAS. 85 
 
 Then how can their effects still hold 
 To be the same they were of old ? 
 This, though the art were true, would make 
 
 910 Our modern soothsayers mistake : 
 And is one cause they tell more lies, 
 In figures and nativities, 
 Than th'old Chaldean conjurers, 
 In so many hundred thousand years; 
 
 Some say the stars i' th' zodiac 
 
 Are more than a whole sign gone back 
 
 Since Ptolemy ; and prove the same, 
 
 In Taurus now, then in the Ram. 
 *' The zodiac (says Mr. Chambers, Cyclopaedia, sec Sign in 
 Astronomy) was divided by the ancients into twelve segments, 
 called signs ; commencing from the point of interseftion of the 
 ecliptic and equinoctial : which signs they denominated from the 
 twelve constellations, which, in Ilipparchus's time, possessed 
 those segments. But the constellations have since so changed 
 their places by the precession of the equinox, that Aries is now 
 got out of the sign called Aries into Taurus, Taurus into 
 Gemini," &:c. 
 
 V. 905. Affirm the trigons chopped and chang'd.'] Vide Wolfii 
 Leftion. Memorab, Par. Poster, p. 950, 1043. 
 
 Trigon, the joining together of three signs of the same nature 
 and quality, beholding one another in a trine aspedt, and counted 
 according to the four elements. (Mr. S. W.) 
 
 V. 906. TJie waVry zstth the JUry ranged.'] The watery, I 
 think, are Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces. The fiery, Aries, Leo, 
 and Sagittarius. 
 
 V. 913. Than th* old Chaldean conjurers.'] Vide DIodori Siculi 
 Rer. Antiquar. fib. iii. cap. viii ; Jo. Pici Mirandulaj in Astro- 
 log, lib. i. torn. i. p. 288. An account of the original and pro- 
 gress of astronomy among the ancients. Notes upon Creech's 
 Lucretius, vol. ii. p. 516, 517. 
 
 V. 915, 916, 917, 918. Beside iheirnonsense in tranalaiing^ 
 For want of accidence and Latin, Like Idus and Calendar, Eng- 
 lished The quarter days, by skilfuUinguist.'] A banter probably 
 upon Sir Richard Fanshaw's translation of Horace (as the Re- 
 verend Mr. Smith of liarleston observed to me), Epod. ii. 69, 70. 
 
 G 3 " Omnibus
 
 9$ HUDIBRAS. Part II 
 
 915 Beside their nonsense in translating, 
 For want of accidence and Latin, 
 Like Idus and Calendae, English'd 
 The quarter days, by skilful linguist : 
 And yet with canting, slight, and cheat, 
 
 920 'Twill serve their turn to do the feat : 
 Make fools believe in their foreseeing 
 Of things before they are in being; 
 To swallow gudgeons ere th* are catch'd ; 
 And count their chickens ere th' are hatch'd ; 
 
 925 Make them the constellations prompt, 
 And give them back their own acconipt; 
 But still the best to him that gives 
 The best price for't, or begt believes. 
 
 ** Omnibus relegit Idibus pecuniam, 
 Qurit Calendis potierc." 
 
 ** At Michaelmas calls all his monies in, 
 And at our Lady, puts them out again." 
 
 V. 924. j4nd count their chickens ere th"" are haicWd.'] See this 
 explained, Bailey's Dictionary, folio ed. under the proverb, To 
 sell the bear's skin before he is caught. See the story of Alnas^ 
 char in the Persian fable, who was in hopes of raising his for- 
 tunes by his crockery-ware, Spectator, No. 53.5 ; and the P'able 
 of the milk-maid and milking pail, Sir Roger L 'Estrange's Fables, 
 part ii. fab. 205. 
 
 V. 929, 930. Some torznSf and cities, some for brevity Have 
 cast tlie versa! zsorlWs nativifj/.l "Lucius Tarutius, Firmanus, 
 familiaris noster, in prjmis Chaldaicis rationibus eruditus, urbis 
 etiam nostras, natalem diem repctcbat ab iis parilibus, quibus 
 earn a Romulo conditam accepimus, Homanique in jugo cum esset 
 luna, natam esse dicebat,'' Cic. de Divinatione, lib. ii. p. 249, 
 edit. Davis, 1721. (Mr. P.) 
 
 V. 936. lazc-suits, ] Sec Kelway's first book of the 
 
 Judgment of Nativities, chap. xxx. Of suits and enemies. 
 
 V. 939. Make opposition^ trine ^ and quar/ilc.^ Trine aspect of 
 two planets is, whei) they are distautfrora each other 12P degrees, 
 
 or
 
 Canto ni. IIUDIBRAS. f7 
 
 Some towns, some cities, some for brevity 
 
 930 Have cast the versal world's nativity ; 
 And make the infant stars confess, 
 Like fools or children, what they please. 
 Some calculate the hidden fates 
 Of monkeys, puppy-dogs, and cats : 
 
 935 Some running nags, and lighting cocks, 
 Some love, trade, law-suits, and the pox : 
 Some take a measure of the lives 
 Of fathers, mothers, husbands, wives; 
 Make opposition, trine, and quartile, 
 
 940 Tell who is barren, and who fertile ; 
 As if the planet's first aspect 
 The tender infant did infect 
 
 or a third part of the zodiac. Quartile aspect of planets is, 
 when they are distant 90 degrees, or three signs from each other. 
 Opposition is, when two planets being distant 180 degrees, be- 
 hold one another diametrically opposite. (Mr. S.W.) 
 
 V. 941, 942, 943. Js if the planeVs fust aspect The tender 
 
 infant didinfect In soul and bodtf^ ] This foolish opinion of 
 
 judicial astrologers is well bantered by Shakespeare (First part 
 of King Henry IV. adl iii. vol. iii. p. 391). 
 
 Glendour. " At my nativity 
 
 The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes, 
 Of burning cressets ; know, that at my birth 
 The frame and the foundation of the earth 
 Shook like a coward. 
 
 Hotspur. So it would have done 
 At the same season, if your mother's cat 
 Hadkitten'd, though you yourself hadne'er been born." 
 
 And in King Lear, a6t i. vol. v. p. 118, 119. Edmund. " This 
 is the excellent foppery of the world, that, when we are sick ia 
 fortune (often the surfeit of our own behaviour), we make guilty 
 of our disasters the sun, moon, and stars; as if we were villains 
 on necessity, fools by heavenly compulsion, knaves, thieves, and 
 treacherous hj spherical predominance, drunkards, liars, and 
 
 G 4 adulterers
 
 88 HUDIBRAS. Part II, 
 
 In soul and body, and instill 
 
 All future good, and future ill: 
 9^5 Which in their dark fatalities lurking, 
 
 At destined periods fall a working ; 
 
 And break out, like the hidden seeds 
 
 Of long diseases, into deeds. 
 
 In friend idiips, enmities, and strife, 
 950 And all th* emergencies of life : 
 
 No sooner does he peep into 
 
 The world, but he has done his do, 
 
 adulterers by inforced obedience of planetary influence ; and all 
 that we are evil by a divine thnisting-on." 
 
 And this planetary influence is bantered by Torquemeda (see 
 Spanish Mandeville. 4th disc, folio 105). " If we say that Mars 
 predominates in men that are strong and valiant, we see many 
 born under this planet that are timorous and of small courage : 
 all those born under Venus are not luxurious, nor all under 
 Jupiter kings and princes, nor all under Mercury cautelous and 
 crafty, neither are all born under'the sign of Pisces fishermen ;" 
 as docsSextus Empiricus adversus Mathcmaticos, lib. v. p. 124, 
 125, &c. edit. 1621. See likewise Dr. Harris's Astronom. 
 Dialogues, p. 79. Remarkable is the account of the death of 
 William Earl of Pembroke, who died, at the age of fifty, upon 
 theday thathis tutor Sandford had prognosticated at his nativity. 
 Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 46 ; Ech- 
 ard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 90. See an account of 
 Thrasyllus's remarkable predidtionSj Dr. Lightfoot's Works, 
 Toi. i. p. 820. 
 
 V. 951, 952. N'o sooner docs he peep hito The uorld, but he 
 has done his do."] Mr. Warburton observes, that it was the opiiii. 
 on of judicial astrologers, that whatsoever good dispositions the 
 infant unborn might be endowed with, either from nature or 
 traditionally from its parents, yet if at the hour of its birth its 
 delivery was by any casual accident so accelerated or retarded 
 that it fell in with the predominancy of amalignant constellation, 
 that momentary influence would entirely change its nature, and 
 bias it to all contrary ill qualities : this was so wretched and 
 monstrous an opinion, that it well deserved and was well fitted for 
 the lash of satire. See Gassendus's Vanity of Judiciary Astro- 
 logy, p. 89. T. 955,
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 99 
 
 Catcli'd all diseases, took all physic 
 That cures or kills a man that is sick ; 
 
 gSo Marry'd his punctual dose of wives, 
 Is cuckolded, and breaks, or thrives. 
 There's but the twinkling of a star 
 Between a man of peace and war, 
 A thief and justice, fool and knave, 
 
 960 A huffing officer and a slave, 
 
 A crafty lawyer and pick-pocket, 
 
 A great philosopher and a block-head, 
 
 Y. 955. Marrjf d his pimBual dose of xcives.'] By his piwc/wo/ 
 dose^ I suppose, he means the number assigned him by this hea- 
 venly influence at his nativity. If it came up to the number four, 
 he might, in the usual phrase, be said to be shod round; though 
 that number seems too great to be approved in the Italian pro- 
 verb, which says, " Prftna donna, matrimonia; la seconda, com- 
 pagna ; la terza kesia :" The first wife is matrimony; the second, 
 company : the third, heresy. Select Proverbs, <&:c. p. 9. 
 
 And yet there are many instances, both ancient and modern, 
 of a great exceeding in this respect. Gaufr, the son of Ebrank 
 Mempricias, sixth king of Britain, about the time of Solomon, 
 had twenty wives, of whom he begot twenty sons and thirty 
 daughters. Higden's Polychronicon, translated by Treviza, lib. 
 ii. cap. xxxix. folio 84. 
 
 St. Jerome has still a more remarkable account of a couple that 
 married, the man having had twenty wives and the woman two- 
 and-tvventy husbands. The reader, I hope, will excuse me, if I 
 give the story in his own words : (Vide lib. de IVIonogamia, 
 torn. i. op. p. 34. edit. Antwerpiae, 1578.) ' Rem dicturussum 
 incredibilem, sed multorum testimoniis approbatam. Vidi duo 
 inter se paria, vilissimorum e plebe hominum comparata, unum, 
 qui viginti scpelisset uxores, alteram, quaj vicesimum secundum 
 habuisset maritum ; extremo sibi, ut ipsi putabant, matrimonio 
 copulatis : summa omnium expectatio, virorum pariter ac foemi- 
 narum, post tantas rudes quis quem prius efferret : vicit maritus, 
 et to(iu urbis populo confluente coronatus ; et palmam tenens, 
 adoreamque, per singulos sibi acclamantes, uxorismultinubae fere- 
 trum praecedebat." Wolfius's account is still more upon the mar- 
 vellous (Lect, Memorab. Par. Poster, ab Annal. Colon. MS. p. 
 293J : *^ Paganus quldam superioribus rixit seculis, qui uxores 
 
 habuit
 
 $fi UUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 A formal preacher and a player, 
 
 A learn'd physician and manslayer: 
 065 As if men from the stars did suck 
 
 Old age, diseases, and ill-luck, 
 
 Wit, folly, honour, virtue, vice, 
 
 Trade, travel, women, claps, and dice; 
 
 And draw, with the first air they breathe,, 
 970 Battle, and murder, sudden death. 
 
 Are not these fine commodities, 
 
 To be imported from the skies, 
 
 habuitscptuagiutasoptom, ex qiiibus HbLrossiiscepitpIcires qiifn- 
 quagintaettrecentos." But the Spanish Mandeville, dotcrmining 
 <o exceed all that had been .>^aid in this respect, mentions one 
 from Ilxjrinan Lopez de Castaneda, who was 340 years old, and 
 confessed he had had 700 wives, some of m hich died, and some 
 ^c had forsaken Csee Spanish iVIandeville, fol. 26). See a remark- 
 able instance of a person in the hundreds of Essex, who married 
 his wives from the uplands, and by that means had ten in a few 
 yi^ajs. Ileraclitus Ridens, vol. ii. No. 81. 
 
 T. 956. If cuckolded.'] VideSkinncri Kfymol. Tiingua' Anglican, 
 &.C. 1671, subvoc. Cuckold. Cuckolded in the two first editi- 
 ons of 1664. 
 
 Ib.> ami break !; or thrives,'] See Kelway's first book 
 
 Of the Judgment of Nativities, chap, xiii : Of Riches and Po 
 rerty, chap, xiv ; By what i\li ans Riches and Poverty comcth ; 
 and chap, xv. Of the Time when the Riches and Damages shall 
 come. 
 
 T. 957. There^sbut tht twinkling of a star^ &c.] See Kelway's 
 first book Of the Judgment of Nativities, chap, xxi. ^Vhat 
 Kind of Conditions every planet doth yield ; and chap, xxvii. 
 Of the Action and Profession ; and Gassendus's Vanity of Ju- 
 ^ici^ry Astrology, chap. xvii. p. 112. 
 
 'T. 905. As if men from the stars did suck Discuses ] See 
 Keltray's second book Of the Judgment of Nativities, chap. ii. 
 fol. 33, Of the Signification of the twelve Signs. 
 
 T. 970. Battle, ami murder, sudden death.] Alluding to a 
 deprecation in our litany, objected to by the Dissenters. See it 
 defended by 'Dr. Bennetj Abridgment of the London Cases, 
 pha|5. iv. p. 100. T. 975,
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. ft 
 
 And vended here among the rabble, 
 For staple goods and warrantable r 
 
 975 Like money by the Druids borrow *d, 
 In th' other world to be restored ? 
 
 Quoth Sidrophel, To let you know 
 You wrong the art, and artists too, 
 Since arguments are lost on those 
 
 980 That do our principles oppose ; 
 
 I will (although I've done 't before) 
 Demonstrate to your sense once more, 
 
 V. 975, 976. Like moiwy by the Drukh horrorc^d In tk' other 
 ucorld to be restor\L^ * Druidae pecuniam miitiio accipiebant in 
 posteriorc vita redditiiri. Patricius, torn. ii. p. 9- 
 
 Mr. Purchas (see Pilgrims, part iii. lib. ii. p. 270) informfi 
 us '' That some priests of Pekiu barter with the people upon 
 bills of exchange to be paid au hundred for one ia heaven." 
 
 T. 990. Although set dozen hab-nah at random.'] " Let every 
 man, says Sancho Pancha ( Don Quixote, vol. iii. chap. iii. p. 
 30.), take care what he talks or how he writes of other men, 
 and not let down at random, hab-nab, higgledy pigglcdy, what- 
 ever comes into his noddle." 
 
 Mr. Ray, in his note upon higgledy piggledy, one amongst 
 another (Proverbs, 2d edit. p. 349)., observes, " Th^it we have 
 in our language maiiy the like conceited rli} ming words, or 
 reduplications, to signify any confusion or mixture ; as hurly- 
 burly, hodge-podge, mingle-mauglc, arsy-vtrsy, Idm-kojn, hub-bubj 
 crawley-maxdey, hab-nab.'''' See Cervantes's account of the poet 
 who pretended to give answers to any manner of questions. 
 Don Quixote, vol. iv. chap. Ixx. 
 
 V. 992, 993. Discovers how in Jight you met At Kingstan "] 
 It is the pretence of all Sidrophels to ascribe their knowledge of 
 occurrences to their art and skill in astrology. Lilly might 
 either learn this story of the Knight's quarrel in Kingston fron> 
 common report, or might have been a spectator of it ; for he 
 rode every Saturday from his house in Horsham, were he live4 
 (see Life, p. 35), to Kingston, to quack amongst the raarket- 
 pepple ; and yet he would persuade the Knight that he had dis. 
 coTered it from schemes and figures. (Mr. B.) Mr.
 
 ft HUDIBRAS. Part II, 
 
 And draw a figure that sliall tell you, 
 
 What you, perhaps, forget befel you, 
 ^85 By way of horary inspection. 
 
 Which some account our worst erection. 
 
 With that he circles draws, and squares. 
 
 With cyphers, astcal characters ; 
 
 Then looks *em o'er, to understand 'em, 
 090 Although set down hab-nab, at random. 
 
 Quoth he. This scheme of th' heavens set. 
 
 Discovers how in fight you met 
 
 At Kingston with a may-pole idol, [well. 
 
 And that y' were bang'd, both back and side 
 
 l^Ir. ButTcr alludes to the Sham Second Part of Hudibras, 
 pablished 1663, p. 16, in which are the following lines ; 
 " Thus they pass through the market-place, 
 And to Town green hyc apace, 
 Highly fam'd for Hocktide games, 
 Yclep'd Kingston upon Thames." 
 
 T. 095, 996, 997. And though you overcame the bear, The 
 dogs beat you at Brentford fair ; IVherc sturdy butchers broke 
 your noddle.^ 
 
 " They pull down rag, which story told, 
 
 And as a trophy bear't before 
 
 Sir Iludibras, and one knight more, 
 
 To wit, Sir Guill. So on they trot^ 
 
 With all the pillage they had got j 
 
 Greedy of more, but were prevented 
 
 By butcliers stout, that fair frequented, 
 
 Who seeing squires a quoyle to keep, 
 
 And men to run faster than sheep ; 
 
 Quoth they (to people). What d'ye fear ? 
 
 There's neither bull got loose, nor bear ; 
 
 And will you seem to make escape 
 
 From fencing fools, and jackanape ' 
 
 On horseback, clad in coat of plush j 
 
 Yet looks but like a sloe on bush ? 
 
 Keep, keep your ground, we'll force them back, 
 
 Or may wc money never lack. 
 
 Then
 
 Cakto III. HUDIBRAS. 93 
 
 995 And though you overcame the bear. 
 The dogs beat you at Brentford fair; 
 Where sturdy butchers broke your noddle, 
 And handled you like a fop-doodle. 
 Qu oth Hudibr as, I now perceive 
 1000 You are no conj'rer, by y our leave: 
 That paultry story is untrue. 
 And forg'd to cheat such gulls as you. 
 
 N ot true? quoth he, Howe'er you vapourf 
 I can what I affirm make app ear ; 
 1005 W hachum shall justify *t t' your face. 
 An d prove be was upon the p lace : 
 
 Then out they Snap and Towser call, 
 TvFO cunning curs, that would not bawl, 
 But slily fly at throat or tail, 
 And in their course would seldom fail : 
 The butchers hoot, the dogs fall on, 
 The horses kick and wince anon ; 
 Down comes spruce valour to the ground, 
 And both Sir Knights laid in a swound." 
 
 Sham Second Part of Hudibras, p. 69, 70. 
 
 y. 998. And handled you like a fop-doodle.'] A silly, vain, 
 empty person. Bailey's Dictionary, folio edit. 
 
 "T. 1001. That paultrii story ^ &c.] * There was a notorious 
 idiot (that is here described by the name and character of 
 Whachum) who counterfeited a Second part of Hudibras, as 
 untowardly as Captain Po, who could not Avrite himself, and 
 yet made a shift to stand on the pillory for forging other mens 
 hands, as his fellow Wliachum no doubt deserved, in whose 
 abominable doggerel this story of Hudibras and a French 
 Biountebank at Brentford fair is as properly described. 
 
 V. 1002. And forged to cheat siicJi gulls as you.] Gully from 
 guiller, to deceive. Bailey's Dictionary. 
 
 T. 1005, 1006, 1007, 1003. Whachum shall justify 't V your 
 face And prove he was upon the place : -He play'd the 
 Sallinbancho's party Tranform'dV a Frenchman by my art.]
 
 ^4 HUDIBRAS. Part Ik 
 
 He play'd the Saltin])ancho's part, 
 Transform'd t' a Frenchman by my art ; 
 He stole your cloak, and pick'd your pocket, 
 
 1010 Chous'd and Caldes'd ye like a blockhead, 
 And what you lost I can produce, 
 If you deny it, here i* th' house. 
 Quoth Hudibras, I do believe 
 That argument's demonstrative; 
 
 1015 Ralpho, bear witness, and go fetch us 
 A constable to seize the wretches ; 
 For though th' are both false knaves and 
 Impostors, jugglers, counterfeits, [cheats, 
 
 So on they anibic to the place, 
 Where Monsieur spake with a boon grace, 
 Begar me kill you all, and den 
 Presan make yon alive agen : 
 Wi dis me do all de gran cure 
 De pock, de scab, de calenture ; 
 Me make de man strong pour de wench, 
 (Then riscth capon from the bench) 
 Look you me no\', do you not see 
 Dead yesterday, now live dey be, 
 Four boon, dey leap, dey dance, dey sing, 
 Ma foy, and do de t' oder ting : 
 Begar good medicine do all dis." 
 
 Sham Second Part, p. 37, 38. 
 
 V. 1009. lie stotc your doatc, and pick'd your pocket.'] Still 
 alluding to the Sham Second Part, p. 63, 64. 
 " At last, as if 't had been allotted, 
 
 The Squires ('twas said) were shrewdly potted } 
 And sleep they must, then down on mat 
 They threw themselves, like cloak and hat ; 
 But subtle quack and crafty crew- 
 Slept not, they'd something else to do : - 
 
 Id the mean while quack was not idle 
 (Cunning as hdfse, had bit o' the bridle) ; 
 The damsel (on(? that would be thriving) 
 th the S(iuire*s pockets fell to diving. 
 
 Their
 
 Canto lit. IIUDIBRAS. 5 
 
 I'll nia];e them serve for perpend iciilafs, 
 1020 As true as e*er were us"d by bricklayers. 
 They're guilty by tbeit oWn confessions 
 Of felony, and at the sessions 
 Upon the bench I will so handle 'em, 
 That the vibration of this pendulum 
 1025 Shall make all taylors yards of one 
 Unanimous opinion ; 
 A thing he long has vapour'd of, 
 But now shall make it out by proof. 
 Quoth Sidrophel, I do not doubt 
 1030 To find friends that will bear me out j 
 
 Their cloaks tvere pack'd up 'raong the luggage 
 (Thus men are serv'd when they are sluggish), 
 The gates but newly open'd Mere, 
 All things were hush'd, and coast was clear ; 
 And so unseen they huddle out 
 
 Into the street, then wheel about." 
 
 V. 10 10. Caldcs^dyou.~\ A word of his own coining, and 
 
 signifies putting the forturte teller upon you, called Chaldeans 
 
 or Egyptians. (Mr. W.) 
 
 V. 1015, lOlS. Ralpho, bear zciinessy and go fetch us A 
 constable to seize the ici'ctches.^ This was not like the mock 
 quarrel 1>etween Subtle and Face, in Ben Jonson's Alchyniist 
 (vol.i. p. 630. edit. 1640). 
 
 Face to Subtle. " Away this Brach ; I'll bring thee, rogue, 
 within the statute of sorcery, tricesiino tertio of Harry V'llI i 
 aye, and perhaps thy neck into a noose, for laundring gojd, 
 and barbing it." 
 
 V. 1024. That the vibration^ &c.j * The device of the ribra- 
 tion of a pendnlum was intended to settle a certain measure of 
 ells andj'ards, kc. (that should have its foundation in nature) all 
 the world over ; for by swinging a weight at the end of a stringy 
 and calculating (by the motion of the sun oranystar) how long the 
 vibratiou would last in proportion to the length of the string, and 
 Mrelght of the pendulum, they thought to reduce it back again, 
 zhd from any part of time compute the exact length of any string 
 
 that
 
 96 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Nor have I hazarded my art, 
 
 And neck, so long on the state's part, 
 
 To be expos'd i* th* end to suffer, 
 
 By such a braggadocio buffer. 
 1035 Huffer, quoth Hudibras, this sword 
 
 Shall down thy false throat cram that word. 
 
 Ralpho, make haste, and call an officer, 
 
 To apprehend this Stygian sophister ; 
 
 Mean while I'll hold 'em at a bay, 
 1040 Lest he and Whachum run away. 
 
 But Sidrophel, who from th' aspect 
 
 Of Hudibras, did now erect 
 
 A figure worse portending far . 
 
 Than that of most malignant star, 
 1045 Behev'd it now the fittest moment 
 
 To shun the danger that might come on't, 
 
 While Hudibras was all alone, 
 
 And he and Whachum, two to one. 
 
 This being resolv'd, he spy*d, by chance, 
 1050 Behind the door an iron lance, 
 
 That many a sturdy limb had gor'd, 
 
 And legs, and loins, and shoulders, bor'd ; 
 
 that must necessarily vibrate into so much space of time ; so that 
 if a man should ask in Chinafor a quarter of an hour of satin or 
 taffeta, they would know perfectly what it meant, and all man- 
 kind learn a new way to measure things, no more by the yard, 
 foot, or inch, but by the hour, quarter, and minute. See expe- 
 riments concerning the vibrations of pendulums, by Dr. Derham, 
 Philosophical Transactions, vtfl. iii. No. 410, p. 201, 
 
 T. 1066, 1067, 1068. in the breech, Just in the place 
 
 uhere honour^ s lodged, Aswise philosophers have Judged.'] Of this 
 
 opinion
 
 Vol. a I'tfifjij 
 
 J;iNi.!hc,l hy Vrrnxr xlfooJ. }irc<llry lir,'i.iy(>e.
 
 Canto in. ^ HUDIBRAS. 9? 
 
 He snatch'd it up, and made a pass, 
 To make his way through Hudibras. 
 
 ^055 Whachum had got a fire-fork, 
 
 With which he vow'd to do his work. 
 But Hudibras was well prepar'd, 
 Apd stoutly stood upon his guard : 
 He put by Sidrophello*s thrust, 
 
 1060 And in right manfully he rush*d ; 
 
 The weapon from his gripe he wrung, 
 And laid him on the earth along. 
 Whachum his sea-coal prong threw by. 
 And basely turn'd his back, to fly ; 
 
 1065 But Hudibras gave him a twitch 
 As quick as lightning in the breech, 
 Justin the place where honour's lodg*d, 
 As w^ise philosophers have judged, 
 Because a kick in that place more 
 
 1070 Hurts honour than deep wounds before. 
 Quoth Hudibras, The stars determine 
 You are my prisoners, base vermin : 
 Could they not tell you so, as well 
 As what I came to know foretel ? 
 
 opinion was Shamont, when the Duke of Genoa stuck him (se 
 Nice Valour, or the Passionate Madman, act ii. Beaumont and 
 Fletcher's Works, part ii. p. 496) : but Lapet the coward wa 
 of a diflferent one (see act iii. p. 497). 
 
 Lap. " I ha^e been ruminating with myself, 
 What honour a man loses by a kick : 
 Why, what's a kick ? the fury of a foot. 
 Whose indignation commonly is stamp'd 
 Vol.. II. H Upon
 
 gg JILDIBRAS. Part 11. 
 
 1075 By this what cheats you arc we find, 
 That in your own concerns arc bhnd. 
 Your hves are now at my dispose, 
 To be redeem'd by fine or blows : 
 But who his honour would defile, 
 
 1080 To take, or sell, two lives so vile? 
 
 I'll give you quarter; but your pillage. 
 The conqu'ring warrior's crop and tillage. 
 Which with his sword lie reaps and plows, 
 That's mine the law of arms allows. 
 
 1085 This said in haste, in Jiaste he fell 
 To rummaging of Sidrophel: 
 First, he expounded both his pockets, 
 And found a watch, with rings and lockets, 
 
 Upon the hinder quarter of a man ; 
 
 Which is a place very unfit for honour, 
 
 The world will confess so much : 
 
 Then what disgrace, I pray, does that part suffer 
 
 Where honour never comes ? I'd fain know that, 
 
 This being well forc'd and urg'd, may have the power 
 
 To move most gallants to take kicks in time. 
 
 And spurn the duelloes out o' th' kingdom ; 
 
 For they that stand upon their honour must, 
 
 When they conceive there is no honour lost ; 
 
 As by a table that I have invented 
 
 For that purpose alone shall appear plainly ; 
 
 Which shews the vanity of all blows at large. 
 
 And Mith what ease they may be took on all sides, 
 
 Numb'ringbut twice o'er the letters Patience, 
 
 From P. to E. I doubt not but in small time 
 
 To see a dissolution of all bloodshed ; 
 
 If the reformed kick do but once get up." 
 
 . 1075, 1076. lij/ this zvhat cheats you arc xce finely That in 
 youroTuon concerns are blind.] Dr. James Young observes (Sid- 
 rophel V^apulans, p. 30), *' That their ignorance in their own 
 affairs, misfortunes, and fates, before they happen, proves them 
 nnable to foietelthat of other men. Astrologersj says Agrippa, 
 
 whilst
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 99 
 
 Which had heen left with him t' erect 
 
 1090 A figure for, and so detect; 
 
 A copper-plate, with almanacs 
 Engrav'd upon *t, with other knacks. 
 Of Booker's, Lilly's, Sarah Jimmers, 
 And hlank schemes to discover nimmers ; 
 
 1095 A moon dial, with Napier's hones, 
 And several constellation stones, 
 Engrav'd in planetary hours, 
 That over mortals had strange powers, 
 To make 'em thrive in law or trade, 
 
 1100 And stab or poison to evade, 
 In wit or wisdom to improve, 
 And be victorious in love. 
 
 whilst they gaze on the stars for direction, &c. fall into ditches, 
 wells, and gaols, and, like Thales, become the sport of silly 
 women and slaves. 
 
 Astra tibi aethcrea pandunt scsc omnia vati, 
 
 Omnibus et quae sunt fata futura monent ; 
 Omnibus, ast uxor quod sc tua publicat, id to 
 
 Astra (licet videant omnia) nulla moncnt ; 
 was an epigram made by Sir Thomas More ; and I fancy out 
 Hudibras was as witty upon Sidrophel and Whachum in English, 
 alluding to these two in the four foregoing lines.'' He then pro- 
 duces abundance of proofs in support of his assertion. See 
 Gassendus's Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, p. 157, 158. 
 
 T. 1092, 1093. With other knacks, Of Booker's, LillfSj 
 
 Sarah Jimmers.^ John Booker was born in Manchester, and 
 was a famous astrologer in the time of the civil wars (as has been 
 before noted on v. 106). He was a great acquaintance of Lilly's 
 and so was this Sarah Jimmers, whom Lilly calls Sarah Shel- 
 horn, a great spcculatrix : He owns he was very familiar with 
 her (quod nota), so that it is no wonder that the Knight found 
 several of their knick-knacks in Sidrophel's cabinet. See 
 Lilly's Life, p. 28, 44, 101, 102, 2d edit. 1715. (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 1094. Ktmmers.'] To mm, to take by stealth, to filch. Bailey. 
 
 V, 1 100. And stab or'poison to evatle.^ Vide Lapidis Pantarbar 
 occultam vimj Heliudori ^iithiop. lib. iv. cap. x. Hb. viii. cap. 
 xxii. H2 V. 1108.
 
 100 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Whachum had neither cross nor pile, 
 
 His plunder was not worth the while; 
 1105 All which the conq'ror did discompt, 
 
 To pay for curing of his rump. 
 
 But Sidrophel, as full of tricks 
 
 As rota-men of politics. 
 
 Straight cast about to over- reach 
 1110 Th' unwary conq'ror with a fetch, 
 
 And make him glad (at least) to quit 
 
 V. 1108. As rota-men of politics.'] These rota-men were a set 
 of politicians, the chief of which were James Harrington, Henry 
 Nevil, Charles Wolseley, John Wildman, and Dr. (afterwards 
 Sir William) Petty, who, in the year 1659 fwhen the govern- 
 ment was continually shifting hands from one to another), met 
 at the Turk's head in New-palace-yard in Westminster, where 
 they were contriving a form of commonwealth the most proper 
 to be erected in England, as they supposed. The model of it 
 vas, That a third part of the senate, or parliament, should rote 
 out by ballot every year, and new ones to be chosen in their 
 room ; no magistrate to continue above three years, and all to be 
 chosen by ballot. But the King's restoration put an end to this 
 club and all their politics. See Wood's Athenae Oxon. in the 
 Life of James Harrington, col. 439. edit. IGU2 ; Echard's History 
 of England, vol. ii. ]). 855 ; Mr Ward's History of' Gre- 
 sham CQllcge, p. 220, 221 ; a song called the Rota, Collection 
 pf Loyal Songs J vol. ii. p. 214, 249. 
 
 T. 1113. Before the secular, &c.] *" As the devil is the 
 spiritual prince of darkness, so is the constable the secular, who 
 governs in the night with as great authority as his collcaguej 
 but far more imperiously." 
 
 V. 1115. And as a for, &c,]' This simile will bear as strict a 
 scrutiny as that of the owl and the mouse, for it is equally just 
 and natural. Necromancers are as cunning and pernicious as 
 foxes : and if this fox has been hotly pursued by his enemies, so 
 has Sidrophel been as closely attacked by the knight: and to save 
 themselves from the impending danger, they both make use of 
 the stratagem of feigning themselves dead. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118. zcitk hot pursuit, ChacUl 
 
 through a icarre.'*. Msts about To save his credit ^ and among Dead 
 
 vermin
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 101 
 
 His victory, and fly the pit, 
 Before the secular prince of darkness 
 Arriv*d to seize upon his carcass : 
 
 1115 And as a fox, with hot pursuit, 
 
 Chac'd through a warren, casts about 
 To save his credit, and among 
 Dead vermin on a gallows hung, 
 And while the dogs run underneath, 
 
 1120 Escap'd (by counterfeiting death), 
 
 vermin on a galloKS hung.'] This story is told by Sir Kenelm 
 Digby, (Treatise of Bodies, chap. xxvi. p. 383 ; and Sir Roger 
 L'Kstrange, part i. fab. cxv.) 
 
 A story is told by Plutarch and a certain French author, of a 
 dog in the court of the emperor Vespasian, vvho could act to the 
 life all the agonies and symptoms of death, at the command of a 
 mountebank, who had taught him many such comical tricks to 
 liivert the grandees of Rome. Turkish Spy, vol. iv. book ir. 
 letter vii. 
 
 If these stories are to be credited, wc need not, I think, bog- 
 gle at the story of Bomelius's dog at iNIemphis in Egypt, who 
 played so many tricks upon a stage (Scot's Discovery of Witch- 
 craft, p. 252, 253) ; at Banks's horse, which played so many 
 remarkable pranks (Digby, of Bodies, chap, xxxvii. p. 393 ; 
 Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the World, first part. p. 178; 
 Gayton's Notes upon Don Quixote, part iv. 289) ; or the 
 countryman's mare, which shewed so many tricks (Webster's 
 Display of supposed Witchcraft, chap. xiii. p. 269) ; the ba- 
 boon that played on the guittar (Digby's Treatise of Bodies, 
 chap, xxxvii. p. 392) ; or the ape that played so artfully at chess 
 with his master in the presence of the King of Portugal, and 
 beat him (Castiglione's Courtier, Italian and English, in 4to, 
 1727, bookii. p. 190j ; or the divining ape at the Great Mogul's 
 court (Purchas's Pilgrims, part ii. book iv. p. 587) ; or the 
 elephant which Bishop Burnet, in his Travels, affirms he had 
 seen play at ball ; or the showman's hare at Bristol, which bowed 
 to the company M'ith a good grace, and beat several marches 
 upon a drum (Intelligencer, No. 13, 1729) ; or the Spectator's 
 rope-dancer, cauglit in one of the woods belonging to the Great 
 JMogul (see No. 28). 
 
 V. 1120. Escap'd by counterfeiting death. '^^ It was well that Sir 
 Hudibras escaped upon this occasion the fate of Amurath III. 
 
 H 3 Erapcrot
 
 lot IIUDIBRAS. Pabt H. 
 
 Not out of cunning, but a train, 
 Of atoms justling in his brain, 
 As learn'd philosophers give out; 
 So Sidropliello cast about, 
 
 1 125 And fell to's wonted trade again, 
 To feign himself in earnest slain : 
 First stretch'd out one leg, then another. 
 And seeming in his breast to smother 
 A broken sigh, quoth he, Where am I, 
 
 1 1 30 Alive, or dead : or which way came I 
 Through so immense a space so soon ? 
 But now I thought myself i' th* moon ; 
 And that a monster, with huge whiskers, 
 
 Emperor of the Turks ; who, after he had won the battle of 
 Cassova, against the Christian princes, viewing the field of bat- 
 tle, and the dead, and telling his grand visier how he had dream- 
 ed, the night before, that he w as slain by the hand of an enemy ; 
 a Christian soldier, that concealed himself among the dead, per- 
 ceiving that it was the Sultan that was talking, with thought of 
 revenging his country, suddenly started up, and plunged a dag- 
 ger into the Emperor's belly. This happened about the year 
 1381. See Prince Cantemir's Growth of the Ottoman Empire, 
 p. 4^. 
 
 Falstaft's counterfeiting death, to prevent it in reality, when 
 he fought with young Douglas, was merry enough. Princ 
 Uenry seeing him lie upon the field of battle, speaks as follows : 
 *' Death hath not struck so fat a deer to-day, 
 
 Though many a dearer in this bloody fray : 
 
 Embowell'd will 1 see thee by and by. 
 
 Falstaff rhesi. 
 
 Falsi. Embowell'd If thou embowel me to-day, I'll give yoa 
 leave to powder me and eat me to-morrow. 'Sblood it was time 
 to counterfeit, or that termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot 
 too. Counterfeit ! I lie, I am no counterfeit; to die is to counter- 
 feit ; for he is but the counterfeit of a man, who hath not the 
 life of a man: but to counterfeit dying, when a man therebj 
 llveth, is to be no counterfeit, but the true and perfect image of 
 
 3 Uf
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 103 
 
 More formidable than a Switzer's, 
 
 1135 My body through and through had drill'd. 
 And Whachum by my side had kill'd, 
 Had cross-examin'd both our hose. 
 And plunder'd all we had to lose : 
 Look, there he is, I see him now, 
 
 1140 And feel the place I am run through : 
 And there lies Whachum by my side, 
 Stone dead, and in his own blood dy'd : 
 Oh! Oh! with that he fetch'd a groan, 
 And fell again into a SAVoon, 
 
 1 145 Shut both his eyes, and stopp'd his breath, 
 And to the hfe out-acted death ; 
 
 life indeed. The better part of valour is discretion, in the which 
 better part I have saved my life, '' Shakespeare's First part of 
 Henry IV. a6t v. vol. iii. p. 434. 
 
 V. 1121. Not out of ciinniHg, &c.] A ridicule on Sir Kenelm 
 Digby, who relates this story, but for the maintenance of the 
 hypothesis, pretends there was no thought or cunning in it, but, 
 as our author saith, a train of atoms. (Mr. W.) 
 
 V. 1129, 1130. Quoth he, zchere am I, Alive or dead- ] 
 
 *' Than gan 1 wex in were, (to be in doubt.) 
 
 And said, I wrote well I am here. 
 
 Whether in body or in goost, (ghost or spirit.) 
 
 I not ywis, but God thou woost.'' 
 Second Book of Fame, Chaucer's Works, 1602, fol.266. 
 
 Maria (in the Night-walker, or Little Thief, a<5t ii.) waking 
 from a swoon in i church-yard, cries out, " Mercy defend me! 
 Ha, I remember I was betrayed and swooned, my heart achs, I 
 am wondrous hungry too ; dead bodies eat not sure ; I was meant 
 for burial ; I am frozen ; death like a cake of ice dwells round 
 about me j darkness spreads over tlie world too." 
 
 V. 1 145, 11 46. Shut hoth hifteycs^ and dopphUm breathy And 
 to tlic life out-acted death. \ See the humorous account of the per- 
 son who counterfeited death to bring a hypochondriacal person 
 to bis senses^ who imagined himself dead, laid in a coflin, and 
 
 H 4 would
 
 104 HUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 That Hudibras, to all appearing, 
 Believ'd him to be dead as herring. 
 He held it now no longer safe 
 
 11 50 To tarry the return of Ralph, 
 
 But rather leave him in the lurch : 
 Thought he, he has abus'd our church, 
 Refus'd to give himself one firk 
 To carry on the public work; 
 
 1155 Despis*d our synod men, hke dirt. 
 And made their discipline his sport ; 
 Divulg'd the secrets of their classes. 
 And their conventions prov'd high places ; 
 Disparag d their tythe-pigs as Pagan, 
 
 1 \60 And set at nought their cheese and bacon ; 
 Raird at their covenant, and jeer*d 
 Their rcv*rend parsons to my beard : 
 For all which scandals, to be quit 
 At once, this juncture falls out fit. 
 
 1165 ril make him henceforth to beware, 
 And tempt my fury, if he dare: 
 He must at least hold up his hand. 
 
 would neither cat nor cTrink until he was decoyed into it by thU 
 arch blade. See L 'Estrange's Fables, part ii. fab. clxxxi, and 
 Dr. Dan, Turner's treatise, De Morbis Cutaneis, cap. xii. p. 168. 
 from Heywood's Hierarchy of Angels, lib. viii. p. 551. See an 
 account of Basil's stratagem to gain his mistress Quiteria, the 
 clay she was to have been married to the rich CarmichO (Don 
 Quixote, Tol, iii. jchap. xxi. p. 201, 202, &c.) ; and of the 
 player at Vitry in France, who was to adl the part of a dead 
 man, in 1644, and over-a6ted it ; for when the necromancer 
 touched him with his talisman, as the rules of the play required, 
 the inanimate trunk could not obey, the man being really dead. 
 Turkish Spy, rol. vi. book ii. chap x, . 1 148,
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 105 
 
 By twelve freeholders to be scannM ; 
 Who by their skill in palmestry, 
 
 1 170 Will quickly read his destiny ; 
 
 And ^ake him glad to read his lesson, 
 Or take a turn for't at the session : 
 Unless hts light and gifts prove truer 
 Than ever yet they did, I'm sure; 
 
 1175 For if he *scape with whipping now, 
 *Tis more than he can hope to do : 
 And that will disengage my conscience 
 Of th* obligation in his own sense : 
 I'll make him now by force abide - 
 
 1 1 80 What he by gentle means deny'd. 
 To give my honour satisfaction, 
 And right the brethren in the action. 
 This being resolv'd, with equal speed 
 And conduct, he approach'd his steed, 
 
 1 1 85 And, with activity unwont. 
 
 Assay 'd the lofty beast to mount ; 
 Which once achiev'd, he spurr'd his palfiy, 
 To get from th' enemy, and Ralph, free : 
 
 T. 1148 as dead as herring.'] Mr. Bailey observes (see 
 
 Folio Dictionary) that this saying is taken from the suddenness 
 of this fish's dying after it is out of the water. 
 
 V. 1161. Raifdat their covenant.'] The Independents called 
 the covenant an almanac out of date. Walker's History of Inde- 
 pendency, Append, to parti, p. 2; Pulpit guarded with seven- 
 teen Arguments, &c. by T. Hall, 1651. 
 
 V. 1187, 1188. he spurr'd his palfri/, To get from 
 
 th' enemi/, and Ralph, free.] The Knight's conduft on this 
 occasion may be called in question ; for the reasons upon which 
 he founds it do not seem to be justifiable or conformable to the 
 
 practice
 
 IM IIUDIBRAS. Part II. 
 
 Left clanger, fears, and foes behind, 
 1 190 And beat, at least three lengtlis, the wind. 
 
 pra6lice and bcncvoloncc of Knights-errant ; Docs ever Don 
 Quixote (letermiiie to leave Saucho in the lurch, or exposed to 
 danger, though as often thwarted by him as Don Iludibras by 
 Ralpho ? See one instance in proof, Don Quixote^ vol. iii. ch. 
 xxviii. p. 277. Had the Knight made Sidrophel's imagined 
 death the sole motive of his escape, he had been very much in the 
 right to be expeditious : But, as he makes that his least con- 
 cern, and seems to be anxious to involve his trusty Squire in ruin, 
 out of a mean spirit of revenge, this a6tion cannot but appear 
 detestable in the eye of every reader ; Nothing can be said in 
 favour of the Knight, but that he fancied he might justly retort 
 upon Ralpho (in practice) that doctrine which he had elabo- 
 rately inculcated in theory, That an innocent person mioht 
 in justice be brought to suB'er for the guilty. 
 
 By what has been said, let it not be inferred, that the poet's 
 judgment is impeached : No ; he has hereby maintained an cxa6i 
 uniformity in the character of his hero, and made him speak 
 and a6l correspondent to bis principles. (Mr. B.)
 
 AN 
 
 HEROICAL EPISTLE 
 
 OF 
 
 HUDIBRAS TO SIDROPHEL. 
 
 ECCE IXEaUM CEISPINU-
 
 AN 
 
 HEROICAL EPISTLE, &c. 
 
 Well! Sidrophel, though *tis in vain 
 To tamper with your crazy brain, 
 Without trepanning of your skull 
 As often as the moon *s at full : 
 
 This epistle was published ten years after the third Canto of 
 this second Part, to which it is now annexed, namely, in the 
 year 1674, and is said, in a key to a burlesque poem of Mr. 
 Butler's, published 1706, p. 13, to have been occasioned by Sir 
 Paul Neal, a conceited virtuoso, and member of the Royal Soci- 
 ety, who constantly affirmed that Mr. Butler was not the author 
 of Hudibras, which occasioned this epistle; and by some he has 
 been taken for the real Sidrophel of the poem. This was the 
 gentleman Avho I am told made a great discovery of an elephant 
 in the moon, which, upon examination, proved to be no other 
 than a mouse which had mistaken its way, and got into his 
 telescope. For a further account of him, see the Examen of 
 the Complete History, by Roger North, Esq. p. 60. 
 
 V. 3. Without trepanning of your skull. ^ A surgeon's instrument 
 to cut away any part of a bone, particularly in fractures of the 
 skull, called trepamim. Quincy's Physical Dictionary, p. 432 ; 
 Jiailey^s Dictionary. , T. ici
 
 no AN HEROIC EPISTLE OF 
 
 5 'Tis not amiss, ere y' arc given o'er, 
 To try one desp'rate med' cine more : 
 For where your case can be no worse. 
 The desp*rat'st is the wisest course. 
 Is 't possible that you, whose ears 
 
 10 Are of the tribe of Issachar's, 
 
 And might (with equal reason) either 
 For merit, or extent of leather, 
 With William Pryn's, before they were 
 Retrenched and crucify 'd, compare, 
 
 15 Should yet be deaf against a noise 
 So roaring as the public voice? 
 That speaks your virtues free, and loud. 
 And openly in every crowd. 
 As loud as one that sings his part 
 
 20 T* a wheel-barrow, or turnip cart, 
 
 T. 10. Are of the tribe of Issachar's.'] Explained Gen. xlix. 14. 
 
 T. 12. or extent of leather. ~\ His cars did not ex- 
 tend so far as that witty knave's m ho bart^jained with a seller o( 
 lace in London, for so much linelaco as would reach from one of 
 his ears to the other. When they had agreed, he told her that he 
 belieyed she had not quite enough to perform the covenant, for 
 one of his ears was uailed to the pillory at Bristol. Sec Sir Fra. 
 Bacon's Apophthegms, Rcsnscitatio, 3d edit. p. 231 ; Joe Mil- 
 ler's Jests ; or the ears of Mr. Oldham's Ugly Parson (see Re- 
 mains, 1703, p. 116), of which he observes, " That they resem- 
 ble a country justice's black jack lie's as well hung as any 
 hound in the country : His single self might have shown with 
 Sniec, and all the club of divines : You may pare enough from 
 the sides of his head to have furnished a whole regiment of 
 Roundheads : He wears more there than all the pillories in Eng- 
 land ever have done. Mandeville tells us of a people some- 
 where, that used their ears for cushions ; he has reduced the 
 legend to a probability : A servant of his (that could not conceal 
 the Midas) told me lately in private, that, going to bed jhe binds 
 
 them
 
 HUDIBRAS TO SIDROPIIEL. 1 1 1 
 
 Or your new nick-nam'd old invention 
 To cry green bastings with an engine ; 
 (As if the vehemence had stunn'd, 
 And torn your drum-heads with the sound) : 
 
 25 And 'cause your folly's now no news, 
 But overgrown, and out of use, 
 Persuade yourself there's no such matter. 
 But that 'tis vanish'd out of nature ; 
 When folly, as it grows in years, 
 
 30 The more extravagant a])pears. 
 For who but you could be possess'd, 
 With so much ignorance and beast, 
 That neither all men's scorn, and hate, 
 Nor being laugh'd and pointed at, 
 
 35 Nor bray'd so often in a mortar. 
 
 Can teach you wholesome sense and nurture ; 
 
 them to his crown, and they serve him for quilted night-caps." 
 See some remarkable accounts of cars, Dr. Bnlwcr's Artificial 
 Changeling, sc. viii. p. 141. 
 
 V. 35. Nor brai/'dso often in a mortar. ~\ Bray a fool in a mor- 
 tar, &c. is one of Solomon's proverbs, xxvii. 22. It is reported 
 that Anaxarchus was pounded in a mortar at the instance of 
 Nicocreon the tyrant of Cyprus. 
 
 " Aut ut Anaxarchus pilaminuaris in altS, 
 Ja^aque pro solitis frugibus ossa sonent." 
 
 Ovidii Ibis, 571,572. 
 
 *' Ad qucm locnm vctus Scholiastes : Anaxarchns in mortario 
 positus fuit, ut sicut sinapi contritus." Vide plura Diogenis 
 Laertii de Vit. Phil. lib. ix. Segm. 58, b9 ; Jigidii Menagii 
 Obscrvat. See an account of his courageous behaviour upon 
 that occasion, Montaigne's Essays, book ii. chap. ii. p. 24. 
 
 It is a punishment, I believe, no where praftised but in 
 Turkey, and there but in one instance : " When the Mufti (or 
 chief priest) is convifted of treason, he is put in a mortar in the 
 seven towers, and there pounded to death." See Prince Cante- 
 
 mir'l
 
 112 AN HEROIC EPISTLE OF 
 
 But (like a reprobate) what course 
 
 Soever us'd, grow worse and worse? 
 
 Can no transfusion of the blood, 
 40 That makes fools cattle, do you good r 
 
 Nor putting pigs f a bitch to nurse. 
 
 To turn 'em into mongrel-curs, 
 
 Put you into a way, at least, 
 
 To make yourself a better beast? 
 45 Can all your critical intrigues. 
 
 Of ti'ying sound from rotten eggs, 
 
 Your several new-found remedies 
 
 Of curing wounds and scabs in trees, 
 
 Your arts of fluxing them for claps, 
 So And purging their infected saps, 
 
 Recovering shankers, crystallines. 
 
 And nodes and blotches in their rinds. 
 
 Have no effect to operate 
 
 Upon that duller block your pate ? 
 55 But still it must be lewdly bent 
 
 To tempt your own due punishment; 
 
 TOir's Growth, &c. of the Of toman Empire, p. 37; Sir Paul Ricaut's 
 State of the Ottoman Empire, Sec. book ii. chap ir. p. 204. 
 
 v. 41, 42. Nor putting pign T a bitch to nurse, To turn ""cm 
 into mongrel curs.'] A remarkable instance of this kind is made 
 mention of by Girakius Cambrcnsis, (Itinerar. Cambria;, lib. i. 
 Camdcni Anglic. Normanic, <kc. 1603, p. 823.) of a hunting 
 sow that had sucked a bitch. *' Contigit autcm in his nostris 
 dicbns quod et notabilc censui, suillum silvestrem, quae cancra 
 forte ladtavcrat, odoris equis naribus sagacem : cujus mamillis 
 apposita fuerat : adultam in ferarura perseeutione ad miraculum 
 usque fuisse pervalidara ; adeo quidem ut molossis hac natura 
 juvante, tara institutis, quam instrii6tis, odorum sagacitate 
 longe prajstantior in veiiiretur. Argumentum, tarn hominem, 
 quam animal quodlibct, ab ilia cnjus ladto nutritur naturam 
 ^Qtttrahcre." t. 59,
 
 IIUDIBRAS TO SIDROPHEL. nj 
 
 And, like your whimsied chariots, draw 
 
 The boys to course you without law : 
 
 As if the art you have so long 
 60 Profess'd of making old dogs young, 
 
 In you had virtue to renew 
 
 Not only youth, but childhood too. 
 
 Can you, that understand all books, 
 
 By judging only with your looks, 
 65 Resolve all problems with your face, 
 
 As others do with B's and A's ; 
 
 Unriddle all that mankind knows 
 
 With soHd bending of your brows; 
 
 All arts and sciences advance, 
 70 With screwing of your countenance ; 
 
 And with a penetrating eye, 
 
 Into th' abstrusest learning pry ; 
 
 Know more of any trade b* a hint, 
 
 Than those that have been bred up in 't; 
 75 And yet have, no art true or false, 
 
 To help your own bad naturals ? 
 
 V. 59, 60. As if the art you have so long Professed of making 
 old dogs young.'] Alluding to the transfusion of blood from one 
 animal to another. 
 
 The foUoAving instances I meet with in the Philosoph. Transact. 
 
 *' I was present when Mr. Gayant shewed the transfusion of 
 the blood, putting that of a young dog into the veins of an old, 
 who, two hours after, did leap and frisk." Extract of a letter 
 written from Paris, containing the account of some effedls of the 
 transfusion of blood, Philosophical Transactions, June 3, 1667, 
 I\'o. 26, vol. i. p. 479. See further accounts of the methods of 
 transfusing blood out of one animal into another, Philosophical 
 Transadlions. No. 19. vol. i. p. 352; No. 20. p. 353. &c ; 
 - Vol. II. ' I ' No. 22,
 
 114 AX HKROIC EPISTLE OF 
 
 But still the more you strive t' appear, 
 Are found to be the vvretcheclcr : 
 For fools are known by looking wise 
 
 80 As men find woodcocks by their eyes. 
 
 Hence 'tis that 'cause y 'have gain'd o'th' college 
 A quarter share (at most) of knowledge, 
 And brought in none, but spent repute, 
 Y* assume a power as absolute 
 
 85 To judge, and censure, and control, 
 As if you were the sole Sir Poll ; 
 And saucily pretend to know 
 More than your dividend comes to. 
 You'll find the thing will not be done 
 
 go With ignorance and face alone ; 
 
 No, though y^ have purchas'd to your name. 
 In history, so great a fame. 
 That now your talent 's so well known, 
 For having all belief out-grown. 
 
 No. 22, p. 387 ; No, 25, p. 451 ; No. 27, p. 589, &c. ; No. 28. 
 p. 517: a remarkable experiment of this kind, ibid, p, 521 ; 
 No. 30, p. 557, &c. See the effects of transfusing the blood of 
 four weddcrs into a horse of twenty six years old, which gav 
 him much strength, and a more than ordinary stomach, ibid. p. 
 559 ; of a Spanish bitch of twelve years old, which, upon the 
 transfusion of kid's blood, grew vigorous and a6live, and even 
 proud in less than eight days, ibid. p. 562; and No. 32, p. 617, 
 of the care of an inveterate frenzy by the transfusioa of blood. 
 Sec the antiquity of this practice, Philosophical Transactions, 
 No. 37, vol. ii. p. 731 ; No, 42, p. 840, vol.iii.; No. 53, p. 1075.. 
 
 V. 86. As ffjjou Tscre ilie sole Sir Poll. ] Sir Politic Would-be, 
 a name in Ben Jonson's play called Vol pone, or the Fox, a 
 tidiculous pretender to politics. (Mr. W.) 
 
 T. 91, 92. No, though y' have purchui^d to 1/our namcy In his- 
 torjfso great afaine.^ These twolines I think plainly discover, 
 
 that
 
 HUDIBRASTOSIDROPHEL. 115 
 
 95 That every strange prodigious tale 
 Is measur'd ])y your German scale, 
 By which the virtuosi try 
 The magnitude of every lye, 
 Cast up to what it does amount, 
 
 100 And place the biggest to your account. 
 That all those stories that are laid 
 Too truly to you, and those made, 
 Are now still charg'd upon your scor^, 
 And lesser authors nam'd no more. 
 
 105 Alas! that faculty betrays 
 
 Those soonest it designs to raise ; 
 And all your vain renown will spoil, 
 As guns o'ercharg'd the more recoil ; 
 Though he that has but impudence, 
 
 110 To all things has a fair pretence ; 
 
 And put, among his wants, but shame, 
 To all the world may lay his claim. 
 Though you have try*d that nothing's borne 
 With greater ease than public scorn, 
 
 115 That all affronts do still give place 
 To your impenetrable face. 
 That makes your way through all affairs, 
 As pigs through hedges creep with theirs ; 
 Yet as 'tis counterfeit and brass, 
 
 120 You must not think 'twill always pass; 
 
 that Lilly (and net Sir Paul Neal) was here lashed under the 
 name of Sidrophel : for Lilly's fame abroad was indisputable. 
 
 T. 105. betrat/s.'] Destroys in aII the editions I have seen. 
 12 T. 124.
 
 116 AN HEROIC EPISTLE, &c. 
 
 For all impostors, when they're known, 
 
 Are past their labour and undone. 
 
 And all the best that can befal 
 
 An artificial natural 
 125 Is that which madmen find, as soon 
 
 As once they're broke loose from the nioon^ 
 
 And proof against her influence, 
 
 Relapse to e'er so little sense, 
 
 To turn stark fools, and subjects fit 
 130 For sport of boys, and rabble- wit. 
 
 V. 124. An ariifidal natural.'] There were many such in those 
 times. See Abel's character in Sir Robert Howard's Comniittce ; 
 and Sir John Birkenhead's Bibliotheca Parliamcnti, done into 
 English for the Assembly of Divines, 1653, p. 4, No. 40. where 
 he speaks of the artificial changeling. Sir Roger L 'Estrange, 
 in his Apology, p. 95, observes of Miles Corbet, a man famed 
 in those times, " that he personated a fool or a devil, without 
 the change either of habit or vizor." Mr. Gayton, in his notes 
 upon Don Quixote, book iti. chap. xi. p. 144, mentions a mimic 
 upon the stage, who so lively personated a changeling, that he 
 could never after compose his face to the figure it had before he 
 undertook that part.
 
 HUDIBRAS. 
 
 PART III. CANTO I. 
 
 IS
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 The Knight and Squire resolve at once 
 
 The one the other to renounce ; 
 
 They both approach the Ladys bower. 
 
 The Squire V inform, the Knight to woo her : 
 
 She treats them with a masquerade, 
 
 By furies and hobgoblins made ; 
 
 From which the Squire conveys the Knight, 
 
 And steals him from himself by night.
 
 PART III. CANTO I. 
 
 * IS true, no lover has that power 
 T' enforce a desperate amour, 
 As he that has two strings t' his bow, 
 And burns for love and money too ; 
 5 For then he's brave and resolute. 
 Disdains to render in his suit, 
 Has all his flames and raptures double, 
 And hangs, or drowns, with half the trouble; 
 While those who sillily pursue 
 10 The simple downright way and tme, 
 
 We are now come to the Third partof Hudibras, which is con- 
 siderably longer than either the First or the Second : and yet can 
 the severest critic say, that Mr. Butler grows insipid in his inren- 
 tion, or falters in his judgment ? No : He still continues to sbin 
 
 14
 
 120 IIUDIBRAS. Paut III. 
 
 Make as unlucky applications, 
 And steer against the stream their passions. 
 Some forge their mistresses of stars ; 
 And when the ladies prove averse, 
 
 15 And more untoward to be won, 
 Than by Caligula the moon, 
 Cry out upon the stars for doing- 
 Ill offices, to cross their wooing, 
 When only by themselves they're hind'red, 
 
 20 For trusting those they made her kindred ; 
 And still, the harsher and hide-bounder 
 The damsels prove, become the fonder. 
 For what mad lover ever dy'd, 
 To gain a soft and gentle bride ? 
 
 25 Or for a lady tender-hearted, 
 
 in both these excellencies; and to manifest the cxtensivencss of 
 his abilities, he leaves no art untried to spin out these adventures 
 to a length proportionable to his wit and satire. I dare say, the 
 reader is not weary of him ; nor will he be so at the conclusion 
 pf the poem : and the reason is evident, because this last part is 
 as fruitful of wit and humour as the former ; and a poetic fire is 
 equally diffused througli the whole poem, that burns every where 
 clearly and every where irresistibly. (Air. B.) 
 
 T. 15, 10. And more untovcanl to bczcnti, Than by Caligula 
 the moun.^ * Caligula was one of the Emperors of Rome, son 
 of Germanicus and Agrippina. lie would needs pass for a god, 
 and had the heads of the ancient statues of the gods taken olf, 
 and his own placed on in their stead, and used to stand between 
 the statues of Castor and Pollux to be worshipped, and often 
 bragged of lying with the moon. Vide Sueton, Vit. Calig, cap. 
 acxii; Philonis Judaei, lib. ii. de Legatione ad Caium, Colon. 
 Allobrog. I6l3, p. 776,777 ; Mr. Fenton's Observations upon 
 Mr. Waller's Poems, p. 87. v. 20
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. nv 
 
 In purling streams, or hemp departed? 
 
 Leap'd headlong int' Elysium 
 
 Through tlV windows of a dazzling room r 
 
 But for some cross ill-natur'd dame, 
 30 The am*rous fly hurnt in his flame. 
 
 This to the Knight could he no news, 
 
 With all mankind so much in use ; 
 
 Who therefore took the wiser course, 
 
 To make the most of his amours ; 
 35 Resolv'd to try all sorts of ways, 
 
 As follows in due time and place. 
 No sooner was the hloody fight. 
 
 Between the Wizard and the Knight, 
 
 With all th* appurtenances over, 
 40 But he relaps'd again t' a lover; 
 
 V. 20. For trusting those they made lier kindred.l The nieaiung 
 of this fine passage is, That when iiioh have flattered their mis- 
 tresses so extravagantly as to make them goddesses, they are not 
 to be surprised if their mistresses treat them with all that distance 
 and severity which beings of a superior order think their right 
 towards inferior creatures, nor have they reason to complain of 
 what is but the effect of their own indiscretion. (Mr. \\ .) 
 
 See this exemplified in the character of Flavia, in the Tatler 
 (No. 139), who observes. That at that time there were three 
 goddesses in the New Exchange, and two shepherdesses that sold 
 gloves in Westminster-hall ; and in Shakespeare's Troilus and 
 Cressida, actiii. vol. vii. p. 61. 
 
 V. 23, 24, 25, 26. For ziJuit mad lover ever difd To gain rf 
 soft and gentle bride ? Or for a lady tender-hearted^ hi purling 
 streams^ or hemp departed?^ See an account of the lovers' leap 
 from the promontory of Acarnania, called Leucate CSpectator, 
 No. 223, 227) ; and of the several persons v ho look that leap 
 their reasons for so doing, and their good or bad success (Ibijj 
 No. 233). T. 4i.
 
 m HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 As he was always wont to do, 
 When h' had discomfited a foe ; 
 And us'd the only antique philters, 
 I^eriv'd from old heroic tilters, 
 45 But now triumphant and victorious, 
 
 He held th* achievement was too glorious 
 For such a conqueror to meddle 
 With petty Constable or beadle : 
 
 T. 41, 42. jds he icaf alzcrn/s zcont to do, JVhen A' had dts~ 
 eomfited afoe.^ The Knight had been seized with a love fit imme- 
 diately after his imaginary victory at the bear-baiting, (Part I. 
 Canto iii. v. 372, &c.) ; and the conquest he had gained in his 
 late desperate engagement with Sidrophcl has now the same 
 effe6l upon him. This humour will appear rcry natural and 
 polite, if the opinion he had of women be right, which he declares 
 in a vain-glorious soliloquy upon his first victory, for which I 
 beg leave to refer the reader to Part I. Canto iii. v. 381, 6cc. 
 
 As a consequent of this principle, the Knight, whenever he 
 obtained aviftory (or fancied so, which to him and Don Quixote 
 was as good), he wildly thought himself possessed of all those 
 endowments, and from thence strongly imagined his amours 
 would be irresistible. It is true he gained but a few vl6tories ; 
 and therefore it is no wonder his heart was elated with hopes of 
 gaining the widow, and his imagination raised to an enthusiastic 
 claim of glory, when he was favoured by fortune. Thus, upon 
 his first victory, he was cock-a-hoop, and thought 
 
 " h' had done enough to purchase 
 
 Thanksgiving-day among the churches, 
 Wherein his mettle and brave worth 
 Might be explain'd by holder-forth." 
 And he is now posting away with full speed to his mistress, 
 upon his second victory, boldly to demand her person and 
 possessions, (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 43. yiitd us'd as, in edit.' 1678. * Philters were love potions 
 reported to be much in request in former ages ; but our true 
 Knight-errant Hero made use of no other but what his noble at. 
 chievements by his sword produced. 
 
 T. 5 1 . 52. JVho might perhaps reduce his<:ause-r-To th' ordeal trial'
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS, 12S 
 
 Or fly for refuge to the hostess, 
 $0 Ofth' inns of court and chancery, Justice; 
 
 Who might perhaps reduce his cause 
 
 To th' ordeal trial of the laws ; 
 
 Where none escape, but such as branded 
 
 With red-hot irons have past bare-handed ; 
 55 And if they cannot read one verse 
 
 I' th' Psalms, must sing it, and that's worse. 
 
 of the lazes.'] There were four sorts of ordeal : The first by camp, 
 fight, or combat ; the second by iron made hot; the third by hot 
 water ; and the fourth by cold. To the second sort it was that 
 Emma, mother to King Edward the Confessor, submitted, M'hen 
 suspected of incontinency with Alwin Bishop of ^Yincheste^ ; 
 who, when she had passed nine hot plowshares blindfolded with- 
 out hurt, left so many manors to the cathedral of Winchester. 
 (See Sir Thomas Ridley's View of the Civil Law, parti, p. 116, 
 edit. 8vo, Lambard, under the word Ordalium). King Edward 
 repenting the injury he had done his mother, gave to the same 
 church the Isle of Portland and other possessions, (see Robert 
 of Gloucester's Chronicle, by Ilearne, p. 334, 340 ; Echard's 
 History of England vol. i. p. 118). See a further account of 
 the several kinds of trial by ordeal, Spelmanni Glossar. 1664, p. 
 435 ; Verstegan's Restitution of decayed Intelligence, cd. Ant- 
 werp. 1605, p. 63, &c. Dr. Howel's Institut. of General His- 
 tory, &c. part iv. chap. ii. x. p. 257, 324, &c. History of 
 Remarkable Trials of Great Britain, in 8vo, 1715, p. 1 to 17, 
 inclusive. Vid. Ofiicium Ordalii ; Append, ad Faj^cicul. Rcr. 
 expetend. et fugicnd. e textu Rofiensi, p. 903, &c. 
 
 V. 55, 56. Andifthey cannot read one verse /' tK* Psalms^ must 
 sing it] By this is meant the benefit of clergy, which is a 
 thing often mentioned, and as little understood ; for Mhich rea- 
 son it may not be amiss to explain the rise and meaning of it. 
 In old times few persons were bred to learning, or could read, 
 but those who were actually in orders, or educated for that 
 purpose : so that if such a person was arraigned before a tem- 
 poral judge for any crime (the punishment whereof was death), 
 he might pray his clergy, that was to have a Latin Bible in a 
 black Gothic charadler delivered to him ; and if he could read 
 (not sing as the poet says) in a place where the judge appointed, 
 which was generally in the Psalms, the Ordinary thereupon 
 
 certifiedj
 
 124 nUDIBRAS. Part III- 
 
 lie tlicrcfoie judging it below him, 
 To tempt a shame tlic devil might owe him, 
 Rcsolv'd to leave the Squire for bail 
 
 60 And mainprize for him, to the gaol, 
 To answer, with his vessel, all 
 That might disastrously befall ; 
 And thought it now the fittest juncture 
 To give the lady a rencounter, 
 
 65 T* acquaint her with his expedition. 
 And conquest o'er the fierce magician : 
 Describe the manner of the fray, 
 And shew the spoils he brought away: 
 His bloody scourging aggravate, 
 
 certified, " Quod legit," and the criminal was saved, as being a 
 man of learning, ^and might therefore be useful to the public ; 
 otherwise he was sure to be hanged. This privilege was granted 
 in all offences but high treason and sacrilege, " Ex quibusdain 
 feloniis ex accrrimo gcnere non existentibus, mortis judicium 
 cffugiant rei literarise experti ; si legentes clericos se esse profitean- 
 tor; clcricali ordini ita olim indultum est, fceminis interea 
 repudiatis, uti ordinis illius minime capacibus, '' Spelmannt 
 Glossar. sub voc. Felo^ Felonia, ct Fullonia^ p. 214, till after the 
 year 1350; and was so great, that if a criminal was condem- 
 ned at one assize, because he could not read, and was reprieved 
 to the subsequent assize, he mightagain demand this benefit, either 
 then, or even under the gallows ; and if ho could then read, he was 
 of course to be pardoned ; of which there is an instance in Queen 
 Elizabeth's time. It was at first extended, not only to the clergy, 
 but to any other person who could read, who must however de- 
 clare that he vowed or was resolved to enter into orders ; But as 
 learning increased, this benefit of the clergy was restrained by 
 several acts of parliament, and now is wholly taken away, the 
 benefit being allowed in all clergyable felonies. (Dr. B. Mr. B.) 
 
 In Hudibras's days, they used to sing a psalm at the galloM-s ; 
 and therefore he that, by not being able to read a verse in the 
 Psalms, was condemned to be hanged, must sing or at least hear 
 It verse sung under the gallows before he was turned off. Mr. 
 
 Cotton
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 125 
 
 70 The number of the blows and weight ; 
 All which might probably succeed, 
 And gain belief h* had done the deed : 
 Which he resolv\l t' enforce, and spare 
 No pawning of his soul to swear : 
 
 "7^ But, rather than produce his back, 
 To set his conscience on the rack ; 
 And in pursuance of his urging 
 Of articles perform'd, and scourging, 
 And all things else upon his part, 
 
 80 Demand delivery of her heart, 
 
 Her goods, and chattels, and good graces. 
 And person up to his embraces. 
 
 Cotton alludes to this in the following lines : 
 
 " Ready, when Dido gave the word, 
 To be advanc'd into the halter, 
 Without the beni-fit on's psalter, 
 Then 'cause she would, i.o part the sweeter, 
 A portion have of Hopkins' metre, 
 As people use at execution. 
 For the decorum of conclusion. 
 Being too sad to sing, she says." 
 
 Virgil Travestie, book iv. p. 145. 
 
 It is reported of one of the chaplains to the famous Montrose, 
 that, being condemned in Scotland to die for attending his Mas. 
 ter in some of his glorious exploits, and being upon the ladder, 
 and ordered to set out a psalm, cxpe<5ting a reprieve, he named 
 the 1 19th Psalm, with which the officers attending the execution 
 complied, the Scots Presbyterians being great psalm-singers ; 
 and it was well for him he did so, forthey had sung it half through 
 before the reprieve came ; any other psalm would have hanged 
 him. 
 
 V. 59. Resolved to leave the Squire for bail,^ See Note on t. 
 1198, of the preceding Canto, and Sancho Pancha's complaint 
 against Don Quixote in the braying adventure; vol. iii. chap. 
 xxml p. 278. ' ' 85.
 
 IM IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Thought he, the ancient errant knights 
 ' Won all their ladies hearts in fights ; 
 
 85 AntI cut wliole giaftts into fritters, 
 To put theni into amorous twitters ; 
 Whose stubborn bowels scorn'd to yield. 
 Until their gallants were half kill'd : 
 But when their bones were drubb'd so sore, 
 
 90 They durst not woo one combat more, 
 The ladies hearts began to melt, 
 Subdu*d by blows their lovers felt. 
 So Spanish heroes with their lances, 
 At once wound bulls, and ladies fancies, 
 
 03 And he acquires the noblest spouse 
 That widows greatest herds of cows ; 
 Then what may I expect to do, 
 Wh* have quell'd so vast a buffalo ? 
 
 V. 85, 86. And ait rchole gianisintofnUers, To put them info 
 amoious tzciiters.'] In what high esteem with their mistresses, 
 upon this principle, must the Knight of the Burning Sword have 
 been, who, with a single back stroke, cut in sunder two fierce 
 and mighty giants (Don Quixote, vol. i. p. 4.) ; or Don Felix- 
 niarte of Ilircania, who, with one single back stroke, cut five 
 swinging giants otl'by the middle, like so many bean-stalks (Don 
 Quixote, vol. ii. part i. p. 60) ; or Uffo, whose monumental 
 inscription we meet with (Turkish Spy, vol. v. bookiv. letter 13) 
 in the following words : " I UfTo, fighting for my country, 
 with my own hand killed thirty-two giants, and at last being 
 killed by the giant Rolvo, my body lies here ;'' or Hycophrix 
 (commonly called Ilycothrift), Avho, with an axle-tree for a 
 sword, and a cart wheel for a buckler, is said to have killed two 
 giants, and to have done great service for the common people in 
 the fenny part of England (see Mr. Ilcarne's Glossary to Ro- 
 bert of Gloucester, p, 640.) 
 
 V. 87, 8S. yV'hosc stubborn bou-ch scorn'' d to yield ^ Until theit 
 gallants acre half' kiU'd.j Sec au account of Phelis's sending 
 
 Guy
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 127 
 
 Mean while, the Squire was on his way, 
 100 The Knight's late orders to ohey : 
 
 Who sent him for a strong detachment 
 Of headles, constahles, and watchmen, 
 T' attack the cunning man, for plunder 
 Committed falsely on his lumber ; 
 
 lOi When he, who had so lately sack'd 
 The enemy, had done the fact, 
 Had rifled all his pokes and fobs 
 Ofgimcracks, whims, and jiggiimbobs, 
 Which he by hook, or crook, had gather'd 
 
 110 And for his own inventions fathered : 
 And when they should, at gaol delivery, 
 Unriddle one another's thievery, 
 Both might have evidence enough, 
 To render either halter-proof: 
 
 Guy Earl of Warwick out upon adventures, Famous History 
 of Guy Earl of Warwick, canto ii. canto vii. 
 
 V. 89, 90, 91. But Txhen their bones zccre drubbed so sore^ 
 Tliey durst not zzoo one combat more, The ladies hearts began to 
 melt.^ See a banter upon knights errant, and their hard-hearted 
 mistresses, Spe<Stator, No. 99 Don Quixote observes (vol, L 
 p. 66), " That a knight-errant must never complain of his 
 wounds, though his bowels wer&dropping out through them." 
 
 V. 93. So Spofiish heroes with their lances., Scc.'\ * The young 
 Spaniards signalized their valour before the Spanish ladies at 
 bull feasts, which often proved very hazardous and sometimes 
 fatal to them. It is performed by attacking of a wild bull, kept 
 up on purpose, and let loo^e at the combatant : and he that 
 kills most carries the laurel, and dwells highest in the lady's 
 favour." See a larg^ account of their bull feasts in confirmation, 
 Lady's Travels into Spain, part iii. letter 10. 
 
 >. 98. qucWd so vast a buffalo.'] A wild American ox. 
 
 V. 108. and jiggu7fibobs.2 Another name for trin- 
 kets or gimcracks. (Dr. B.) T. 115,
 
 128 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 115 He thought it desperate to tarry, 
 
 And venture to be accessary: 
 
 But rather wisely slip his fetters, 
 
 And leave them for the Knight, his betters. 
 
 He caird to mind th' unjust foul play 
 120 He would have oiFer'd him that day : 
 
 To make him curiy his own hide. 
 
 Which no beast ever did beside, 
 
 Without all possible evasion. 
 
 But of the riding dispensation. 
 155 And therefore, much about the hour 
 
 V. 115, 110. He ihought it desperate to tarry ^ And venture to 
 be flciTSAtt/j/.] Accessary (by statute), a person who encourages, 
 adrises, and conceals an offender, Avho is guilty of felony by 
 statute. Bailey ; Jacob's Law Diftionary. 
 
 V. 129, 130. The Squire concurr'df abandon him, A?id serve 
 hivi in the sc/f-sauie trim. ] I fear the poet has rendered himself 
 obnoxious to censure in this place, where he has made the con- 
 duct of Ralph unnatural and improbable. For no sooner had 
 the Knight learnt, that Whachum was the thief, and Sidrophel 
 the receiver of his cloak, kc. but he dispatches Ralpho for a 
 constable, which was a prudent and a lawful aftion ; and we are 
 told, that the Squire immediately obeyed him. But why he 
 should in the way apprehend any danger, or decline perfornung 
 So dutiful and necessary a piece of sen'ice, is strange and unac- 
 countable. The encounter between the Knight and Sidrophel 
 happened after Ralpho's (U'])arture ; so that if the Knight's pro- 
 ceedings were illegal, he could not fear any thing from thence, 
 because he was not only innocent, but ignorant of them : And 
 as for Sidrophel and his Zany, he -was certain they were noto. 
 rious ofienders, from Sidrophel's own confession. Besides, he 
 was sensible, that he had left the Knight in a critical situation, 
 guarding his two prisoners, who, he might be sure, would leave 
 jio means untried to annoj- their enemy, and make their escape. 
 It thence became llalpho to be dutiful and expeditious in reliev- 
 ing his master out of such immineut danger ; his conduct to llie 
 contrary is' therefore unnatural. What the poet says in 
 tb lines before HSfCtii be no excuse for Ralpho ; and, let mc 
 z'Al obserrej
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. J29 
 
 The Knight (for reasons told before) 
 Resolv'd to leave him to the fury 
 Of justice, and an unpack"d jury, 
 The Squire concurr'd to abandon him, 
 
 1 30 And serve him in the self-same trim : 
 T' acquaint the Lady what h' had done. 
 And what he meant to carry on ; 
 What project 'twas he went about, 
 When Sidrophel and he fell out : 
 
 observe, they are inconsistently urged in his favour ; because the 
 Knight's private determination for the intended ruin of him must 
 be entirely unknown to one that vras absent, which was Ralpho's 
 case. As it therefore does not appear that he had, or could pos- 
 sibly have, any intelligence of the Knight's designs, what reason 
 can be given to justify his deserting his master at this jun6ture, 
 and revealing his intrigues to his mistress ? It is true, indeed, it 
 was necessary she should be informed of them, that the hypocrisy 
 and odiousness of such a charadter might be openly dete5ted by 
 a lady ; and with a good-natured reader, this necessity may 
 palliate the marvellous method of supplying it ; and perhaps it 
 may be said, that Ralpho's service was voluntary and free, or 
 that he was rather a companion than servant to Sir Hudibras : 
 but this will not excuse him ; for, as soon as he entered himself 
 as a Squire to a Knight-errant, the laws of chivalry (which the 
 poet should have adhered to) obliged him not to quit his arms 
 nor his service, without the knowledge and approbation of his 
 Knight, to whose behests he ought to hare been obedient and 
 trustA. And accordingly we find Sancho very often soliciting 
 Don Quixote for his permission to return to La Mancha ; and 
 no one will say, that the rules of knighthood are not there ex- 
 adlly delineated. Nothing that 1 know of can be urged in de- 
 fence of the poet, but that he has professedly drawn the charac- 
 ter of his heroes odd and preposterous, and consequently that 
 he might represent them so in their actions, to conserve a poe- 
 tical uniformity in both : and in particular he attributes to 
 Ralpho, in this scene, that wonderful sagacity, foresight, fore- 
 knowledge, and revelation, which his sc6t arrogantly, pretended 
 to : so that, if we will dispense with these supernatural qualifi- 
 cations in Ralpho, they, and tliey only, will solve the present 
 difficulties. (Mr, B.) 
 
 Vol, II, K T. 137.
 
 30 irUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 135 His firm and stetlfast resolution, 
 To swear her to an execution ; 
 To pawn his inward ears to marry her, 
 And bribe the devil himself to carry her. 
 In which both dealt, as it' they meant 
 
 140 Their party-saints to represent, 
 
 Who never fail'd, upon their sharing, 
 In any prosperous arms-bearing, 
 To lay themselves out to supplant 
 Each other cousin-german saint. 
 
 14o But ere the Knight could do his part, 
 The Squire had got so much the start, 
 H' had to the Lady done his errand, 
 And told her all his tricks afore-hand. 
 Just as he finished his report, 
 
 150 The Knight alighted in the court; 
 And having tied his beast t' a pale. 
 And taking time for both so stale, 
 He put his band and beard in order, 
 
 T. 137, Topaxvn, &c.] * His exterior ears were gone before, and 
 so out of danger ; but by inward cars is here meant his conscience. 
 T. 140, Their par hi'Saints tu represent. \ This is to set forth the 
 wicked tricks of all parties of those pretended saints, who were 
 as ready to supplant and betray one another, as they were io 
 supplant their professed enemies. (Dr. B.) 
 " The saints in masquerade would have us 
 Sit quietly, whilst they enslave us ; 
 And what is worse, by lies and cants, 
 Would trick us to believe them saints ; 
 And though by fines and sequestration. 
 They've pillag'd and destroy'd the nation, 
 Yet still they bawl for reformation." 
 
 Butler's Mem. of the years 1649-50. Remains. 
 T. 154. The spruccr to accost and board her.'] So Pctruchio, in 
 Shakespeare'! Taming the Shrew, a6l 1. vol. ii. p. 292. 
 
 3 " Pet.
 
 K>/. a Page las. 
 
 Nt^arlA JA. 
 
 RiMn- JMlf^ 
 
 F>J>IMtd by Vamn- LUood.si ConJiM, nccVl, i-jg 8.
 
 Canto I. * IIUDIBRAS. l$l 
 
 The sprucer to accost and board her ; 
 155 And now began t' approach the door, 
 
 When she, wh' had spy*d him out before, 
 
 Convey'd th' informer out of sight, 
 
 And went to entertain the Knight : 
 
 With whom encount'nng, after longees 
 160 Of humble and submissive congees, 
 
 And all due ceremonies paid, 
 
 He stroked his beard, and thus he said : 
 Madam, 1 do, as is my duty, 
 
 Honour the shadow of your shoe-tye : 
 165 And now am come to bring your ear 
 
 A present you'll be glad to hear ; 
 
 At least I hope so : The thing *s done, 
 
 Or may I never see the sun ; 
 
 For which I humbly now demand 
 170 Performance at your gentle hand. 
 
 And that you'd please to do your part 
 
 *' Pet. Hortensio, peace. Thou knowest not gold's effect; 
 Tell me her father's name and 'tis enough : 
 For I will board her, though she chide as loud 
 As thunder, when the clouds in Autumn crack." 
 See Hamlet Prince of Denmark, aftii. vol. rii. p. 270. 
 
 V. 162. He stroked Ms beard, and tlms lie said.'\ The Knight is 
 cry nice in regulating his dress, before he goes into the pre- 
 sence of his mistress : It behoved him to be so on this impor- 
 tant occasion. It more particularly concerned him to accost her 
 at this visit in a proper attitude, since at the last interview he 
 was placed in the most unbecoming situation. The poet will 
 not let slip the Knight's action with his beard, probably, be- 
 cause to stroke the beard before a person spoke (as a prepara* 
 tive to win favour and attention) was the fashion near three 
 thousand years ago. This we learn from Homer, by a passage 
 in the tenth book of the Iliad, where Dolon is about to suppli- 
 cate Diomed for mercy, who had threatened, and then stood 
 ready to kill him. K 2 *' Sternly
 
 U2 IIUDIBRAS. PAnxIH. 
 
 As 1 have done mine, to my smart. 
 
 , With that he shrugg'cl his sturdy back, 
 
 As if he felt his shoulders ach. 
 ] 75 But she, who well enough knew what 
 
 (Before he spoke) he would be at, 
 
 Pretended not to apprehend 
 
 The mystery, of what he mean'd ; 
 
 And therefore wish'd him to expound 
 180 His dark expressions, less profound. 
 
 Madam, quoth he, I come to prove 
 
 How much I've suffered for your. love, 
 
 Which (like your votary) to win, 
 
 I have not spar'd my tatter'd skin : 
 1 85 And for those meritorious lashes. 
 
 To claim your favour and good graces. 
 Quoth she, I do remember once 
 
 I freed you from th* inchanted sconce ; 
 
 And that you promis'd, for that favour, 
 190 To bind your back to good behaviour, 
 
 And for my sake and service vow'd, 
 
 To lay upon 't a heavy load, 
 
 ** Sternly he spoke and as the wrtch prepar'd 
 With humble blandishment to stroke his beard, 
 Like lightning swift the wrathful faulchion flew, 
 Divides the neck, and cuts the nerres in two." 
 
 Mr. Pope, V. 522, &c. (Mr. B.) 
 
 I Thus Patroclus is introduced by Shakespcare(TroiIus and Cres- 
 iida,acti. Tol.rii. p. 25) adling Nestor at the instance of Achilles. 
 " Now play me Nestor. Hum and stroke thy beard, as he, 
 being dressed to some oration." (See an account of SanchoPan- 
 cha's stroking his beard, Don Quixote, part i. book iii. chap, xii.; 
 and Trifaldin'i stroking his beard, Don Quixote, vol. iv. chap. 
 xxxTi. p. 362 ; and of Isaac Pennington, Cleveland's Mix'd 
 Assembly^ "Works', 1677, p. 43.) That stroking the beard was 
 - ' ' ' preparatory
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 133 
 
 And what 't would bear, t* a scruple prove, 
 As other Knights do oft make love ; 
 
 195 Which, whether you have done or no, 
 Concerns yourself, not me, to know. 
 But if you have, I shall confess, 
 Y* are honester than I could guess. 
 Quoth he, If you suspect my troth, 
 
 200 I cannot prove it but by oath : 
 And if you make a question on*t, 
 rU pawn my soul that I have don *t; 
 And he that iimkes his soul his surety, 
 I think, does give the best security. 
 
 205 Quoth she, some say the soul's secure 
 Against distress and forfeiture, 
 Is free from action, and exempt 
 From execution and contempt ; 
 And to be summon'd to appear 
 
 210 In th' other world *s illegal here ; 
 
 And therefore few make any account 
 Int' what incumbrances they run 't ; 
 
 preparatory to the supplication of favours, appears from the fol- 
 lowing authority : '' Usitatius tamen erat in supplicationibus 
 et precibus, quam vcnerationibus, barbam vcl mentum tangere." 
 Testis Ovidius, 
 
 " Tange man6 mentum, tangunt quo more precantes, 
 Optabis merito cum mala multa \iro.'' 
 
 Facet. Facetiar. de Osculis, p, 236. 
 The conversation of this visit is carried on in an extraordinary 
 manner: A most notorious hypocrisy in the Knight, and an art- 
 ful dissimulation in the Widow are beautifully represented. 
 
 V. 209, 210. And to be summon'd to appear In th' other world's 
 illegal here.^ And yet there are such summonses upon record. Re- 
 markable is the account of Peter and John de Carvajal, who wer 
 
 K 3 condemned
 
 13* HUDIBRA5. Part III. 
 
 For most men carry things so even 
 Between this world, and hell, and heaven, 
 
 215 Without the least offence to either, 
 They freely deal in all together, 
 And equally abhor to quit 
 This world for both or both for it ; 
 And when they pawn and damn theirsouls, 
 
 220 They are but prisoners on paroles. 
 For that, quoth he, 'tis rational, 
 They may be accountable in ail : 
 For when there is that intercourse 
 Between divine and human powers, 
 
 ^25 That all that we determine here 
 
 Commands obedience every where ; 
 When penalties may be commuted 
 For fines, or ears, and executed j 
 It follows nothing binds so fast 
 
 230 As souls in pawn and mortgage past: 
 
 condemned for murder, upon circumstantial evidence, and that 
 Tery frivolous, to be thrown from the summit of a rock. Ferdi- 
 nand IV. the then King of Spain, could by no means be prevailed 
 upon to grant their pardon. As they were leading to execution, 
 they invoked God to witness their innocency, and appealed to his 
 tribunal, to which they summoned the King to appear in thirty 
 days time. He laughed at the summons ; nevertheless, some days 
 after, he fell sick, and went to a place called Alcaudet, to divert 
 himself, and recover his health, and shake oft" the remembrance of 
 the summons, if he could. Accordingly, the thirtieth day being 
 come, he found himself mu^h better, and, after shewing a great 
 deal of mirth and cheerfulness on that occasion with his courtiers, 
 and ridiculing the illusion, retired to his rest, bat was found dead 
 in his bed the next morning. This happened in the year 1312, 
 See Richers's Abridgment of the History of the Royal Genealogy 
 
 of
 
 C'antoI. IIUDIBRAS. 13-, 
 
 For oaths are tli' only tests and seals, 
 Of right and wrong, and true and false ; 
 And there's no other way to try 
 The doubts of law and justice by. 
 
 235 Quoth she, What is it you would swear ? 
 There 's no believing till I hear : 
 For till they' re understood, all talcs 
 (Like nonsense) are not true, nor false. 
 Quoth he, When I resolv'd t' obey 
 
 240 What you commanded t* other day, 
 And to perform my exercise, 
 (As schools are wont) for your fair eyes; 
 T' avoid all scruples in the case, 
 I went to do 't upon the place : 
 
 245 But as the castle is enchanted 
 
 By Sidrophel the Avitch, and haunted 
 With evil spirits, as you know, 
 W^ho took my Squire and me for two ; 
 
 of Spain, 1724. p. ISO; Grimstone's Translation of Lewis de 
 Maycrne; Turquet's General History of Spain, l6l2j p. 458. 
 
 V. 220. They are but prisoners on paroles.'] Mr. Anstis, Garter 
 King at Arms, has, in his Register of the Garter (vol. i. 171). 
 given an accoant of the obligations such prisoners are under. 
 
 " In the seventh of Henry V. (says he) our Sir Simon (de 
 Felbrig) was a witness of the promise made by Arthur of 
 Bretagne, upon his rcleasement, to return under the penalty of 
 the reversal of his arms, which in that age was the mark of 
 perpetual infamy. Now the clause commonly inserted in agree- 
 ments made with prisoners npon their ransom was, That, in case 
 they did not perform the conditions, they consented " reputari 
 pro feloneet infami, acarmasuareversari.'' Rymer, toI. vii. p. 
 228 ; vol. ix. p. 444, 743, 744 ; Du Tillet Recueil des Roys de 
 France, p. 432; Freissart, vol. ii. p. 123, &c, 
 
 K 4 T. 252.
 
 136 IlUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Before Vd hardly time to lay 
 
 250 My weapons by, and disarray, 
 I heard a formidable noise. 
 Loud as the Stentrophonic voice, 
 That roar d far off, Dispatch and strip, 
 I'm ready with th' infernal whip, 
 
 255 That shall divest thy ribs of skin, 
 To expiate thy Hng'ring sin. 
 Th' hast broke perfidiously thy oath, 
 And not perform'd thy plighted troth ; 
 But spar'd thy rencgado back, 
 
 260 Where th' hadst so great a prize at stake : 
 Which now the fates have order'd me 
 For penance and revenge to flea : 
 Unless thou presently make haste ; 
 Time is, Time was ; and there it ceas'd. 
 
 265 With which, though startled, I confess, 
 
 V. 252. Loud as the Stentrophonic xo'ice.'] Stentor, a famous 
 crier in the Grecian army, who had a voice as loud as fifty men 
 put together. 
 
 1>Ttilo^t tt<T[x.tvn fjityocXioTo^t y^acXxto^uvu). 
 
 IJomeri Iliad, lib. t. 785. 
 *' Heaven's Empress mixes with the mortal crowd, 
 
 And shouts in Stentor's sounding voice aloud.'' Pope. 
 
 *' Tu miser exclamas, utStentora vincere possis." 
 
 Juvenal, g&,t. xiii. 113. 
 ** You rage and storm, and blasphemou-ly loud, 
 
 As Stentor bellowing to the Grecian crowd.'' Dryden. 
 
 Vide Erasmi Adag. chil. ii. cent. iii. prov. xxxvii. Isaac Bicker- 
 staff, Esq. (seeTatler, No. 37) observes of Tom Bellfrey, that he 
 carried a note four furlongs three rood and six poles farther than 
 any man in England ; and Dr. Derham (Physico-Theology, b. iv. 
 
 chap.
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRaS. 137 
 
 Yet th* honor of the thing was less 
 Than the other dismal apprehension 
 Of interruption or prevention ; 
 And therefore snatching up the rod, 
 
 270 I laid upon my back a load; 
 
 Resolv'd to spare no flesh and blood, 
 To make my word and honour good : 
 Till tir'd, and taking truce at length, 
 For new recruits of breath and strength, 
 
 275 I felt the blows, still ply'd as fast, 
 As if th' had been by lovers placM, 
 In raptures of Platonic lashing, 
 And chaste contemplative bardashing : 
 When facing hastily about, 
 
 280 To stand upon my guard and scout, 
 I found th' infernal cunning man. 
 And th' under- witch, his Caliban, 
 
 chap. iii. p. 134, edit. 17^7) makes mention of a DutcTiraaa 
 who brake rummer glasses with the strength of his voice. 
 
 Mr. Bnfler probably alludes to the speaking trumpet, which 
 was much improved by Sir Samuel Morland in the year 1671 
 (seven years before the publication of this Third Part). See 
 Philosophical Transactions, vol. v. No. 79^ p. 3056. 
 
 V. 278.] See it explained, Dr. Bulwer's Artificial Changeling, 
 scene xii. p. 209. 
 
 V. 280. and scout.'] A sneer probably upon Sir Sa- 
 muel Luke's office as a scout-master. 
 
 v. 282. And th^ under-miich, his Caliban.^ See an account of 
 the monster Caliban, son to the witch Sycorax, under subjection 
 to Prospero Duke of Milan (a famous magician), who thus 
 describes him : 
 
 ** Then was this island save for the son, that she 
 
 did litter here, a frickled whelp, hag-born, not honoured with 
 a human shape." Shakespeare's Tempest, vol. i. p. 15, &c. 
 Spectator, No. 279. v. ?89,
 
 138 * tlUDIBRAS. PAnTlIL 
 
 With scourges (like the furies) arm*d, 
 That on my outwaid quarters storm'd : 
 
 285 In haste I snatch'd my weapon up, 
 And gave their hellish rage a stop ; 
 Call'd thrice upon your name, and fell 
 Courageously on Sidrophcl: 
 Who now transform 'd himself t' a bear, 
 
 290 Began to roar aloud and tear ; 
 When I as furiously press'd on, 
 My weapon down bis throat to run, 
 Laid hold on him ; but he broke loose. 
 And turn'd himself into a goose, 
 
 ^295 Div'd under water, in a pond. 
 
 To hide himself from being found. 
 In vain I sought him ; but as soon 
 As I perceived him lied and gone, 
 Prepar'd with equal haste and rage, 
 
 300 His under-sorcerer t* engage. 
 
 T. 289. Transform' d himself V a hear.'] Alluding to the fable 
 of Proteus's changes, Ovidii Metaraorph. lib. Tui. 730, &c. 
 
 *' As thou, blue Proteus, ranger of the seas, 
 Who now a youth confess'd, a lion now, 
 And now a boar with tusky head doth shew ; 
 Now like a hateful gliding snake art seen, 
 A bull with horned head, a stone, or spreading green ; 
 Or in a flood dost How ft wat'ry way. 
 Dissembling streams, or in bright fire dost play." 
 
 Grid's Metamorphosis, translated by Mr. Seweli, &c. 2d edit, 
 p. 253. Vide Virgilii Gcorgic. lib. iv. p. 405, kc. 
 
 V. 293, 29}. But he broke loose., And fiirn'd him- 
 self into a i^oose^ See Amaryllis's account of the transforming 
 >rcll. J. Fletcher's Faithful Shepherdess, ^ct ii. p. 23 ; a6V iii. 
 sc. i. p. 27, 4tQ edit. t. 295,
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 139 
 
 But bravely scorning to defile 
 My sword with feeble blood and vile, 
 I judg'd it better from a quick- 
 Set hedge to cut a knotted stick, 
 
 305 With which I furiously laid on, 
 Till in a harsh and doleful tone, 
 It roar'd, O hold, for pity. Sir ; 
 I am too great a sufferer, 
 Abus'd as you have been, b' a witch 
 
 310 But conjur'd into worse caprich ; 
 Who sends me out on many a jaunt. 
 Old houses in the night to haunt, 
 For opportunities t' improve 
 Designs of thievery or love ; 
 
 315 With drugs convey'd in drink or meat, 
 All feats of witches counterfeit. 
 Kill pigs and geese with powder'd glass. 
 And make it for enchantment pass ; 
 
 V. 295, 296. Div'd under water in a pond, To hide himself 
 from being found.] Alluding to the account of Proteus, 
 
 *' Aut in aquas tenues dilapsns abibit." 
 
 Virgilii Georgia, lib. ir. 410. 
 
 y. 301, 302. Bvthraxely scorning to defile ISIy suordvcith fee- 
 ble blood and vile, &c.] Thus the Boiards of Novgorod used their 
 slaves, who had seized their toivns, lands, houses, and wives in 
 their absence ; and when they met their masters in a warlike 
 manner they determined to set upon them with no other wea- 
 pons but their horse whips, to put them in mind of their servile 
 condition, and to terrify them ; and so marching and lashing all 
 together with their whips, they gave the onKct, which seemed sq 
 terrible in the ears of their villains, that they fled altogether like 
 sheep before the drivers. See Dr. Giles Fletcher's Account of 
 Russia] Purchas's Pilgrims, part iii. lib. iii, p. 418, 419. 
 
 y. 319.
 
 140 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 With cow-itch meazle like a leper, 
 320 And choke with fumes of Guinea-pepper : 
 jMake lechers, and their punks, with dewtry, 
 Commit phantastical advowtry ; 
 Bewitch Hermetic men to run 
 Stark staring mad with manicon ; 
 
 r. 319. With cow-itch meazle like a leper."] Cowage^ commonly 
 called coxi-itch^ is a great sort of kidney-bean, a native of the 
 East indies ; the pod which is brought over to us is thick covered 
 with short hairs, which, applied to the skin, occasions a trouble- 
 some itching for a little time, and is often used to play trick* 
 with. (Dr. H.) In Dr. Hook's Micrographia, observ. xxvi. p. 
 145, see a dissertation upon Coicas^e. 
 
 T. 321, 322. Make lechers and their punks tcith dexvfri/ Com- 
 ^ it fantastical a(h(mtri/. ] Diitroi/, detcfroa, now called datura^ 
 is a plant which grows in the East Indies, Its flower and seed 
 Iiave a peculiar intoxicating quality ; for taking in a small quan. 
 tity, they transport a man from the objects about him, and place 
 belore him imaginary scenes, with which his attention is wholly 
 taken up, so that any thing may be done with him or before him, 
 without liis regarding it then or remembering it afterwards. 
 Thieves are said to give it to those they have a min^ to rob ; 
 aud women to their husbands, in order to use them as here repre- 
 sented by our poet. Some are said to be so expert in the use of 
 tho drug, that they can proportion its dose so as to take away 
 the senses for any certain number of hours. (Dr. H.) (See 
 Linschoten's Voyages, chap. xxxi. p. 60, 157 ; Facet. Facetiar. 
 de Hanreitate, p. 441). And Mr. Purchas (see his 'Pilgrims, 
 part ii. lib. x. chap. viii. p. 1537; see likewise Linschoten's 
 Voyages, chap. l\i. p. 409) observes, that if the feet of the per- 
 son under these circumstances are washed with cold water, he 
 presently recovers his senses. See a further account of the da- 
 tura, or dewtry. Bishop Sprat's History of the Royal Society, 
 2d edit. p. 1(51, 1G2 ; Dale's Pharmacologia. 
 
 The Nepenthe in Homer (Odyssey, book iv. v. 301, &c.), by 
 the description, seems to have been much like it. 
 
 " Mean time, with genial joy to warm the soul. 
 
 Bright Helen mix'd a mirth-inspiring bowl ; 
 
 Temper'd with drugs of sov'reign use, to assuage 
 
 The boiling bosom of tumultuous rage ; 
 
 To clear tlie cloudy front of wrinkled care, 
 
 And dry the tearful sluicei* of despair : 
 
 Charmed
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. i41 
 
 3'25 Believe mechanic virtuosi 
 
 Can raise them mountains m Potosi; 
 
 And silh'er than the antic fools, 
 
 Take treasure for a heap of coals ; 
 
 Seek out for plants with signatures, 
 330 To quack of universal cures ; 
 
 Charm'd with that virtuous draught, th' exalted mind 
 
 All sense of woe delivers to the wind. 
 
 Though on the blazing pile his parent lay, 
 
 Or a lov'd brother groan'd his life away. 
 
 Or darling son, oppress'd by ruffian-force. 
 
 Fell breathless at his feet a mangled corse : 
 
 From morn to eve, impassive and serene, 
 
 The man, entranc'd, would view the deathful scene. 
 
 These drugs, so friendly to the joys of life, 
 
 Bright Helen learn'd from Thone's imperial wife, 
 
 Who sway'd the sceptre where prolific Nile 
 
 With various simples clothes the fatten'd soil," Pope. 
 
 T. 323. Bcrcitch Hcnvetic men to run,'] * Hermes Trismegistus, 
 an Egyptian philosopher, and said to have lived anno uiundi 
 2076, in the reign of Ninus, after Moses. He was a wonderful 
 philosopher, and proved that there was but one God, the Cre- 
 ator of all things ; and was the author of several most excellent 
 and useful inventions. But those Hermetic men here mentioned, 
 though the pretended se6tators of this great man, are nothing 
 else but a wild and extravagant sort of enthusiasts, who make a 
 hodge-podge of religion and philosophy, and produce nothing 
 but what is the object of every considering person's contempt. 
 
 V. 324. Stark -staring madxvith nianicon.^ Manicon, an herb so 
 called from its making people mad x called also doryc/tnion, a kind 
 oi nigfit-sfiade. Bailey's Dictionary. 
 
 Some herb of this kind probably made some part of Marc An- 
 thony's army run mad, iu his retreat from his Parthian expedi- 
 tion, in which the pursuing Parthians were repulsed eighteen 
 times. (See Mr. Lewis's History of the Parthian Empire, p. 
 160, 165.) See a remarkableaccount of afruit, which whosoever 
 tastes will die laughing. Turkish Spy, vol. viii. book iv. letter xv. 
 
 T. 325. Bc/iete mechanic virtuosi Can raise 'ew mountains in Po' 
 
 tosi.'] A banter upori such as have pretended to find out the philo- 
 
 - sopher'3
 
 Ha HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 With figures ground on panes of glass, 
 
 Make people on their heads to pass ; 
 
 And mighty heaps of coin increase, 
 
 Reflected from a single piece ; 
 3"35 To draw in fools whose natural itches 
 
 Incline perpetually to witches; 
 
 sopher's stone, or powder for the transmutation of metals ; of 
 which Helmont gives the following account: " I hare often 
 seen it, and with my hands handled the same, &c. I projected 
 a quarter of one grain, wrapped up in paper, upon eight ounces 
 of argent vive (quicksilver) hot in a crucible, and immediately 
 the whole hydrargyry with some little noise ceased to flow, and 
 remained congealed like yellow wax : after fusion thereof, bjr 
 blowing the bellows, there were found eight ounces of gold, want- 
 ing eleven grains. Therefore one grain of this powder transmutes 
 19,186 equal parts of argent vive into the best gold.'' (See a 
 tradl, entitled. The (iolden Calf, in which is handled the more 
 rare and incomparable wonder of nature in transmuting metals, 
 written in Latin, by John Frederick Helvetius, &c. Lond. 1670. 
 p. 36 ; public Library, Cambridge, xir. 6. 24). 
 
 V. 326. PotosL'] * Potosi is a city of Peru, the mountains where- 
 of afford great quantities of the iincst silver in all the Indies. 
 
 T. 327, 328. And sillier than the untie fools^ Take treasure for 
 a heap of coals. \ Autic fools in all the editions to 1710 inclusive. 
 AvSfixxtf i5 Qria-oLv^os -zjtupvxDi, i. e. Carbones thesaurus erant. See 
 the meaning, Erasmi Adag. chil. i. cent. ix. Prov. xxx. col. 346 ; 
 '' The Governor Aratron converteth treasure into coals, and 
 coals into treasure." Arbatel of Magic, aphor. xvii; Agrippa's 
 Occult Philosophy, 4to, 1655, p. 188. 
 
 The poet here designs probably to sneer Martin Frobisher, 
 and others, who in (iueen Elizabeth's time were adventurers to 
 Cathaia and brought home ore which they took for gold, which 
 yet proved little better than coals. 
 
 Mr. Smith of Harleston is of opinion, that, as Cathaia lies near 
 tlie ajdtic circle, arctic fools would be an emendation. 
 
 T. 331, 332. JVitk figures ground oil panes of g/ass MakepeopU 
 on their heads to pass.} Alluding to the Camera Obscura ; for an 
 account of which, I refer the reader to Mr. Chambers's 
 Cyclopajdia, and Dr. Smith's Complete System of Optics, vol. 
 ii. book iii. ch. xv. 968, 973, p. 384, 386. See
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. -143 
 
 And keep me in contiual fears, 
 And danger of my neck and ears ; 
 When less delinquents have been scourg'd, 
 
 340 And hemp on wooden anvils forg'd. 
 Which others for cravats have worn 
 About their necks, and took a turn. 
 
 See a contrivance to make the pi(5lure of any thing appear on 
 a walJ, pi6lure, or cupboard, or within a pi6ture-l"rame, &c. ia 
 the midst of a light room, in the day-time ; or in the night, in 
 any room that is enlightened with a considerable number of 
 candles, devised and communicated by the ingenious Mr. Hook, 
 Philosophical Transactions, No. 38, August 17, 1G68. vol. ii. 
 p. 741. 
 
 V. 333, 334. And 7nigkt II heaps of coin increase ^^-Reflcch'd from 
 a single piece. 2 Something of this kind of juggling or slight of 
 hand is ascribed by Dr. Heywood (see Hierarchy of Angels, p. 
 574) to Dr. Faustus and Cornelius Agrippa. 
 
 Of Faustiis and Agrippa it is told, 
 
 That, in their travels, they bear seeming gold. 
 Which could abide the touch, and by the way, 
 In all their host'ries, they would freely pay : 
 But parting thence, mine host thinking to find 
 Those glorious pieces they had left behind 
 Safe in the bag, sees nothing, save together 
 Round scutes of horn and pieces of old leather." 
 
 T. 339. JVficn less delinquents have been scourged, Sec.'] SeeLup- 
 ton's Thousand Notable Things, 2d edit. p. 366. 
 
 " Crimes are not punish'd, 'cause they're crimes, 
 But 'cause they are low and little: 
 Mean men for mean faults in those times 
 
 Make satisfa6lion to a tittle, 
 Whilst those in office, and in power 
 Boldly the underlings devour.'' 
 
 The Reformation, Collection of Loyal old Songs, 
 vol. i. No. 65, p. 169. 
 
 V. 340. Jnd hemp on xvooden anvils forg'd.'] Alluding to petty 
 criminals, who are whipped and beat. hemp in Bridewell and 
 pther houses of correction. v. 347j
 
 144 HUDIBRAS. Paut III. 
 
 I pit}^*d the sad punishment 
 
 The ^\Tetched caitiif underwent, 
 :5^5 And held my drubbing of his bones 
 
 Too great an honour for poltroons ; 
 
 For Knights are bound to feel no blows 
 
 From paltry and unequal foes, 
 
 Who when they slash and cut to pieces, 
 350 Do all with civillest addresses ; 
 
 Their horses never give a blow, 
 
 But when they make a leg and bow. 
 
 I therefore spar'd his flesh, and press'd him 
 
 About the witch with many a question. 
 355 Quoth he, For many years he drove 
 
 A kind of broken trade in love. 
 ' Employ'd in all th' intrigues and trust 
 
 Of feeble speculative lust ; 
 
 Procurer to th* extravagancy,. 
 360 And crazy ribaldry of .fancy, 
 
 By those the devil had forsook, 
 
 As things below him, to provoke. 
 
 347, 348. For hnighfs are bound to feel 770 blrnvs- From paltry 
 and unequal foes.~\ Still alluding to the rules of knight-errantry, 
 in imitation of Don Quixote (sec vol. i. book iii. chap. i. p. 
 133^, who gave the following advice to his squire SanchoPancha: 
 *' Friend Sancho, for the future, \yhenever thou perceivest us to 
 be any ways abused by such inferior fellows, thou art not to ex- 
 pect that I should offer to draw my sword against them, for I 
 will not do it in the least ; no, do thou then draw, and chastise 
 them as thou thinkest (it ; but if any knight come to take their 
 part, then will I be sure to step in between thee and danger." 
 Sec likewise part i, chap. viii. p. 68 ; vol. ii. p. 220 ; vol. iii. 
 chap. xi. p. 104 ; and Pharamond, a Romance, part iii. book iv. 
 p. 117. 
 
 V. 351, 352. Their horses never give a blow, But when they tnake 
 
 a leg
 
 Canto 1. IIUDIBRAS. I45 
 
 But being a virtuoso, able 
 
 To smatter, quack, and cant, and dabble, 
 565 He held his talent most adroit, 
 
 For any mystical exploit ; 
 
 As others of his tribe had done, 
 
 And rais'd their prices three to one. 
 
 For one predicting pimp has th* odds 
 S70 Of chaldrons of plain downright bawds. 
 
 But as an elf (the devil's valet) 
 
 Is not so slight a thing to get, 
 
 For those that do his business best, 
 
 In hell are us*d the ruggedest, 
 S75 Before so meriting a person 
 
 Could get a grant but in reversion, 
 
 He serv*d two 'prenticeships and longer, 
 
 I* th' mystery of a lady-monger; 
 
 For (as some write) a witch's ghost, 
 580 As soon as from the body loos'd, 
 
 Becomes a puisny imp itself, 
 
 And is another witch's elf, 
 
 c kg and bow.'] Mr. Lewis (in his History of the Parthian Era* 
 pire, 1728, p. 159) observes, from Dion Cassius, " That in the 
 Roman "battalions, in form of a tortoise, their horses were taught 
 to kneel ;" and in another place, p. 323, that Trajan, in his 
 Parthian expedition, " was presented with a horse that was 
 taught to adore, kneeling upon his fore feet, and to bow his 
 head to the ground, as Trajan stood before him." 
 
 T. 355, 356. Quoth he, for many years he drove A kind of 
 broken trade in lo'ce.'\ Lilly confirms this in one or two instances 
 (see Life, 2d edit. p. 34), where he says, " Me grew weary of 
 such employments, and burned his books, Avhich instru6led 
 these curiosities." See an account of the galley slave condemned 
 for a pimp and a conjurer, with Don Quixote's dissertation oa 
 Pimps, part i. book iii. chap. vii. p. 226. 
 
 Voi. II. L T. 384.
 
 146 HUDIBRAS. Part 111. 
 
 He, after searching far and near, 
 At length found one in Lancashire, 
 385 With whom he bargain'd before-hand, 
 And, after hanging, entertain'd. 
 Since which h* has play'd a thousand feats, 
 And practis'd all mechanic cheats ; 
 
 V. 384. Jt length found one in Lancashire.^ The r(*&son why 
 Sidrophel is said to find a witch in Lancashire, rather than any- 
 other county, is because it has always been a tradition, that 
 they have abounded there more than in all the kingdom. Hence 
 caiue the vulgar expression of a Lancashire witch : and the tra- 
 dition might probably take its rise from some reputed witches, 
 who were tried there in the reign of King James L and, I think, 
 cast for their lives ; but it was probably by judges that ran in but 
 too much with the court stream, and favoured the monarch's 
 opinion in his dtemonology ; and fancied, because they had their 
 nightly meetings, they could be nothing else but witches, though 
 in reality (as I have been informed by one who read the narra- 
 tive of them, published in those times) they were neither better 
 nor worse than shcep-stealers. 
 
 Mr. Burton (fellow-sutfererwith Mr. Pryn and Dr. Bastwick, 
 as Mr, Byron observes, from Pryn's New Discovery of the Pre- 
 late's tyranny, p. 8'2) complained, " that upon his being im- 
 prisoned in Lancaster castle, he was put into a high chamber ill 
 floored, so that he was in danger of falling through it ; and that 
 to make it more grievous to him, they put into the room under it 
 9, company of witches, who were in that prison when he came 
 thither." See an account of the Pendle forest witches, who wer^ 
 condemned at the assizes at Lancaster 1633, or 1634, but re- 
 prieved, and afterwards cleared from the aspersion by the boy 
 who was suborned to bo evidence against them. Webster's Dis- 
 playhig of supposed Witchcraft, chap. xiv. p. 276, Sec. and chap, 
 xvii. p. 347, &c. 
 
 V. 389, 390. Transformed himself to tk' uglj/ shapes Ofivohes 
 and bears, baboons, and apes.'] Lc Blanc seems to give in to th 
 possibility of this kind of transformation. See Travels, part ii. 
 chap, xviii. But Wierus sneers this opinion : and after having 
 exposed a fabulous instance from William of Malmsbury, of 
 pranks of this kind played by two witches, at Rome, who kept 
 an inn, and now and then metamorphosed a guest into a horse, 
 sow, or ass, he concludes, " At hic, et similes migas candem 
 tortiaatur fidem^ quam Apukius et Luciani inctamorphosi& 
 
 mtrctur.'-*
 
 Canto L HUDIBRAS. 147 
 
 Transform'd liimsclf to th' ugly shapes 
 390 Of wolves and bears, baboons and apes ; 
 Which he has vary'd more than witches, 
 Or Pharaoh's wizards could their switches ; 
 And all with whom h' has had to do, 
 Turn'd to as monstrous figures too. 
 
 '&" 
 
 meretur." De Prasstigiis Daanionnra, lib, it. cap. x. Videetiain 
 Lamberti Danaei, lib. deVeneficiis, ^c. 1574, cap. iii. p. 39, 60 : 
 Webster's Displaying of supposed AVitchcraft, chap. v. p. 83. 
 There was a story of this kind aiuch taken notice of in those 
 times, and bantered by Mr. Cleveland. On a Miser, Works, 
 p. 76. 
 
 " Have you not heard the abominable sport, 
 A Lancashire grand jury will report ? 
 A soldier with his morglay watch'd the mill, 
 The cats they came to feast, when lusty Will 
 Whips off great puss's leg, which by some charm 
 Proves the next day such an old woman's arm.*' 
 
 See Note on Part I. Canto i. v. 350. 
 
 See more instances, Saxonis Grammatici Histor. Danic. lib. i. p. 
 10. de Ilartarena Praestigiatore ; Stephani Stephanii, not. in lib. 
 i. Histor. Danic. p. 43 ; Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, book v. 
 p. 89, &c. 93, 94, where the opinion is exposed. Dr. Bulwer 
 (Artificial Changeling, sc. '24. p. 516) observes, from Mr. Scot, 
 and other writers, " That the wonderful experiments of natural 
 magic, which are only done in appearance, are very many : To 
 seta horse's or an ass's head upon a man's neck and shoulders, 
 cut off the head of an horse or an ass (before they be dead, 
 otherwise the virtue or strength thereof will be less effedlual), 
 and make an earthen vessel of a fit capacity to contain the same ; 
 and let it be filled with the oil and fat thereof, cover it close, 
 and daub it over with loam : let it boil over a soft fire three days, 
 that the ilesh boiled may run into oil, so as the bare bones may 
 be seen ; beat the hair into powder, and mingle the same Mith 
 the oil. and anoint the heads of the standers by, and they shall 
 seem to have horses or asses heads. If beasts heads be anointed 
 ^yith the like oil, made of a man's head, they shall seem to have 
 ihcns faces, as divers authors soberly affirm." See Scot's Dis- 
 covery of Witchcraft, book xiii. p. 315. 
 
 V. 392. Or Pharaoh's wizards could their suitches^'} See Exodus 
 vii. 11 ; King James's Dasmonology, book i, chap. vi. Works, 
 p. 105. L 2^ T. 411,
 
 148 IIUDIBRAS. Pabt III. 
 
 395 Witness myself, whom h' has abus'd, 
 
 And to tliis beastly sliape reduc'd, 
 
 By feeding me on beans and pease, 
 
 He crams in nasty crevices, 
 
 And turns to comfits by his arts, 
 400 To make me relish for deserts, 
 
 And one by one, v/ith shame and fear. 
 
 Lick up the candy'd provender. 
 
 Beside But as h* was running on, 
 
 To tell what other feats h' had done, 
 405 The lady stopp'd his full career 
 
 And told him now 'twas time to hear ; 
 
 If half those things (said she) be true . 
 They're all, quoth he, I swear by you 
 
 Why then (said she) that Sidrophel 
 410 Has damn'd himself to th' pit of hell ; 
 
 Who, mounted on a broom, the nag 
 
 And hackney of a Lapland hag, 
 
 t. 4lt, 412. IFhOj mountfd on a broom, the nag And hackney 
 of a Lapland fiag.'] See Scheffer's account of a Lapland witch in 
 the town of Liihlah, who flew through the ceiling of a chamber, 
 History of Lapland, odavo, chap. xi.p. 157. Dr. Ilcywoodscemg 
 to give into this opinion, 'i the case of the maid of Bergamus, 
 &c. see Hierarchy of Angels, lib. iv. p. 257,258; and Mr. Glanvil 
 in the cases of iUchard Jones, of Shipton Mallet, and of Elisabeth 
 Styles, Saducismus Triumphatus, part ii. p. 124, 139. Mr. Scot 
 (see Discovery of Witchcraft, book iii. chap. i. p. 40^ gives thg 
 following account : " He (the devil) teacheth them to make 
 ointments of the bowels and members of children, whereby thej 
 ride in the air, and accomplish all their desires. After burial 
 they steal them out of their graves and seethe them in a caldron 
 until their flesh be made potable ; of which they make ointment, 
 by which they ride in the air." Vide Unguent. Mallei Malefica- 
 rum, torn. i. par. xi. Quasst. cap. xii. p. 240. 
 
 <* Strigibuspcr uiigueatum priBdi6tam diabolicum possibile est 
 
 accidissc,
 
 Casto I. IIUDIBRAS. 014 
 
 In quest of you came hither post, 
 Within an hour (Tm sure) at most: 
 
 415 Who told me all you swear and say 
 Quite contrary another way ; 
 Vow*d that you came to him, to know 
 If you should carry me or no ; 
 And would have hir'd him and his imps 
 
 420 .To be your match-makers and pimps, 
 T* engage the devil on your side, 
 And steal (like Proserpine) your bride. 
 But he, disdaining to embrace 
 So filthy a design and base, 
 
 425 You fell to vapouring and huffing, 
 And drew upon him like a ruffian ; 
 Surprised him meanly, unprepar'd. 
 Before h' had time to mount his guard. 
 And left him dead upon the ground, 
 
 430 With many a bruise and desperate wound : 
 
 accidisse, aut accidcre somniura Tehementlssimum, et somniare 
 seadlocadeportataslonginqua, in catosconvcrti, vel qaaecunque 
 alia facere, etiam vcl pati, quae postmodiim se pntant in veritate 
 fecisse, Tel passas esse." Fra. Bartholi de Spin4 Quaest. de 
 Strigibus, torn, iv.; Mallaei quarundum Malefica. p. 461. 
 
 Wierus exposes the folly of this opinion, and proves it to be 
 diabolical illusion, and to be a<Stcd only in dreams j Oldham like- 
 wise sneers it, Works, 6th edit. p. 254. 
 
 *' As men in sleep, though motionless they lie, 
 Fledg'd by a dream, believe they mount and fly; 
 So witches some enchanted wand bestride, 
 And think they through the airy regions ride.'' 
 See more, Scot's Disco -verof Witchcraft, book iii. chap. iii. p. 
 43. &c. book X. chap. viii. p. 184, <S:c.; Webster's Displaying 
 of supposed Witchcraft, chap. t. p. 69 ; Life of William Dnke 
 of Newcastle, by his Dutchess, p. 144 ; Baker's History of the 
 Inquisition, p. 172. 
 T. 422. And steal (like Proserpine) your hridf.'] << Proserpine 
 
 L 3 (says
 
 150 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Swore you had broke, and robb*d his house. 
 
 And stole his talismanic louse, 
 
 And all his new-found old inventions ; 
 
 With flat felonious intentions ; 
 435 Which he could bringout, where he had, 
 
 And what he bought them for, and paid : 
 
 His flea, his niorpion, and punaisc, 
 
 H' had gotten for his proper ease, 
 
 And all in perfect minutes made 
 440 By tlf ablest artist of the trade ; 
 
 Which (he could prove it) since he lost, 
 
 He has been eaten up almost ; 
 
 And altogether might amount 
 
 To many hundreds on account : 
 
 (says the author of the Speftator, No. 365) was out a mayins;, 
 when she met with the fatal adYenturc." To which Milton al- 
 ludes, when he mentions, 
 
 " That fair field 
 
 Of Enna, where Proserpine, gath'ring flowers, 
 Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis 
 Was gather'd." 
 
 T. 432. And stole his taVmnanic louse.'] There is a great deal of 
 humour in this expression. The superstition of talismans is this, 
 that in order to free any place from vermin, or noxious animals of 
 any kind, the figure of the animal is made of a consecrated me- 
 tal, in a planetary hour (see Note on Part I. Canto i. v. 530), 
 and is called the talisman. The joke then of this thought is 
 this, that Sidrophcl had made a talismanic louse to preserve him., 
 self from that vermin. He alludes again with great humour to 
 this superstition. Canto ii. v. 1555, 1556. 
 Each in a tatter'd talisman. 
 Like vermin in efiigy slain. (Mr. W,) 
 
 The author of the Turkish Spy (vol. iv. book iv. letter 9) 
 mentions a story of Pancrates, a famous magician of Egypt, from 
 Lucian. who by talismans was able to transform inanimate things 
 into the appearance at least of living creatures. He likewise gives 
 an account of some remarkable talismans at Paris, vol. iii. b. ii. 
 p. 25. But Gasscndus (Vanity of Judiciary Astrology, chap.xvii- 
 
 p. 1 16
 
 Canto I. ifUDIBRAS. IM 
 
 4-45 For which h* had got sufficient warrant 
 
 To seize the malefactors errant, 
 
 Without capacity of bail 
 
 But of a cart's or horse's tail ; 
 
 And did not doubt to bring the wretches, 
 450 To serve for pendulums to watches, 
 
 Which, modern virtuosos say. 
 
 Incline to hanging every way. 
 
 Beside he swore, and swore 'twas true 
 
 That, ere he went in quest of you, 
 455 He set a figure to discover 
 
 If you were fled to Rye or Dover ; 
 
 And found it clear, that, to betray 
 Yourselves and me, you fled this way ; 
 
 p. 116) seems to sneer the doctrine of talismans, in the following 
 words : " I say nothing of tlie eledtion of times, which they 
 prescribe to be observed in the making seals, images, figures, 
 garaatives, and the like representations, which they call talismans : 
 because it is obvious, that no distracted fancy could ever hav 
 imagined any thing more vain, more foolish," And Naudaeus, 
 in banter of talismans, observes, (History of Magic, chap, xxi.) 
 " That Scaligcr did justly laugh at ally-driver, who having made 
 a little plate, graved with figures and characters underU certain 
 constellation, had no sooner placed it in a window to try the ex- 
 periment, but a confident fly hanselled it with its ordure.'' Sc 
 the superstitious custom of the inhabitants of Guzarat, Pur- 
 chas's Pilgrims, vol. v. chap. viii. p. 542. 
 
 V. 437. niorpion, and 'punaise.~\ See Morpion and 
 
 Punaise, Mr. Boyer's French Dictionary, tom. 1 . 
 
 V. 450. To serve for pendulums to watches.'] Dr. Robert Hooke, 
 geometry professor of Greshara college, was the first inventor of 
 circular pendulum watches, just before or immediately after the 
 restoration of King Charles II. See Mr. Ward's Lives of the Pro- 
 fessors, &c. p. 170, 171. Mr. Chambers CCyclopaedia) observes, 
 that it is between Dr. Hooke and Mr. Huygens, that the glory of 
 this invention lies ; but to which of them it properly belongs is 
 
 L 4 greatly
 
 15 HUDIBRAS. Part in. 
 
 And that he was upon pursuit, 
 
 460 To take you somewhere hereabout. 
 He vow*d he had inteUigence 
 Of all that pass'd before and since ; 
 And found, that ere you came to him, 
 Y' had been engaging life and limb, 
 
 465 About a case of tender conscience, 
 
 Where both abounded in your own sense ; 
 Till Ralpho, by his light and grace, 
 Had clear'd all scruples in the case. 
 And prov'd that you might swear and own 
 
 470 Whatever's by the wicked done ; 
 For which, most basely to requite 
 The service of his gifts and light, 
 
 greatly dispated, the English ascribing it to the former, the 
 French, Dn^ch, &c. to the latter. Mr. Dcrham, in his Artificial 
 Clock'tnaker, says roundly, that Dr. Ilooke >vas the inventor, 
 
 T. 480. TurrCdtW outside of his eyes to white.'] A thing much 
 practised by the fanatics of those times, and is well bantered in 
 the Tale of a Tub, p. 207, under the chara6ler of Jack (namely 
 Calvin, or the Preri)yterian). lie says, " That Je hired a tailor 
 to stitch up his collar so close, that it was ready to choak him ; 
 and squeezed out his eyes at such a rate, that one could see no. 
 thing but the white." And Dr. Kchard (Observations upon tb 
 Answer to the Ediquiry, &c. p, 113) that they often shewed the 
 heavenly part of the eye. Nay, this pradlice of the Puritans is 
 bantered in a song of Ben Jonson's. See Masque of the trans- 
 formed Gypsies, Works, vol. i. p. 70. 
 
 *' Cock-Laurel w ould needs have the devil his guest, 
 And had him once into the Peak to dinner, 
 Wlicre never the fiend had such a feast, 
 
 Provided him yet, at the charge of a sinner; 
 His stomach was queasy, for coming there coach'd. 
 
 The jogging had caus'd some crudities rise; 
 To heJp it, he call'd for a Puritan poach'd, 
 That used to turn up the eggs of his eyes." 
 
 Tht
 
 Canto L HUDIBRAS. |SI 
 
 You strove t* oblige him by main force 
 To scourge his ribs instead of yours ; 
 
 475 But that he stood upon his guard, 
 And all your vapouring out-dar*d ; 
 For which, between you both, the feat 
 Has never been performed as yet. 
 While thus the Lady talk'd, the Knight 
 
 480 Turn d th* outside of his eyes to white, 
 (As men of inward light are wont 
 To turn their optics in upon 't,) 
 He wonder'd how she came to know 
 What he had done, and meant to do : 
 
 485 Held up his affidavit-hand, 
 
 As if h' had been to be arraigned ; 
 
 The late ingenious Mr. Fenton (poems, 8to. 1717, p. 71, 72) 
 has satirized those precisians in the following lines ; 
 <' An age most odious and accurs'd ensu'd, 
 Discolouf'd with a pious monarch's blood ; 
 Whose fall when first the tragic virgin saw, 
 She fled, and left her province to t'ue laAv. 
 Her merry sister still pursu'd the game. 
 Her garb was alter'd, but her gifts the same : 
 She first reform'd the muscles of her face, 
 And learnt the solemn screw for signs of grace ; 
 Then circumcis'd her locks, andforra'd her tone, 
 By humming to a tabor and a drone ; 
 Her eye she disciplin'd precisely right, 
 Both v,^hen to wink, and how to turn the white ; 
 Thus banish'd from the stage, she gravely next 
 Assum'd the cloak, and quibbled o'er a text ; 
 But when by miracle of mercy shewn. 
 Much sujTering Charles regain'd his father's throne, 
 When peace and plenty overflow'd the land, 
 She strait puU'd off her satin cap and band." 
 
 General Historical Dictionary, vol vi. p. 298. 
 
 V. 485. Held up his affidavit-hand. ~\ The holding up the right 
 hand was deemed a mark of truth. '' QuiaTero fidci propria set 
 
 d8
 
 154 IIUDIBRAS. PartIIT. 
 
 Cast towards the door a ghastly look, 
 In dread of Sidrophel, and spoke : 
 IMadam, If but one word be true 
 
 490 Of all the wizard has told you, 
 Or but one single circumstance 
 In all th' apocryphal romance, 
 ^lay dreadful earthquakes swallow down 
 This vessel, that is all your own ; 
 
 dcs in (lextcra inanu crcdebatur ; ideo interdum duabiis jiin(5ii 
 manibus fingebatiir.- Quamobreni apiid vctcrcsmanus dextera 
 tanquam res sacra putabatiir." Chartarii liuagin. Deoruoij qui 
 ab antiquiscolebantur, edit. Lugduni, 1581, p. 214. 
 
 T. 493, 494. May dreadful earthquakes swallozo down This 
 vessel, that is all yovr own.] This prevarication of our Knight is 
 not quite so clean as that of Sancho Pancha, who being bribed by 
 Don Quixote to give himself three thousand three hundred 
 lashes for the disenchantment of hismistress, Dulcinca del Toboso, 
 by taking the advantage of the night, he bestowed them upon a 
 tree in the hearing of his master, toI. iv. chap. Ixix. Ixxi. p. 702, 
 719. This was contrary to the laws of chivalry, as Don 
 Quixote observes, in the case of his own penance, part i. book iii. 
 chap. xi. p. 277. 
 
 But Don Iludibras tnight probably think to screen himself by 
 the authority of Catullus, as well as some modern poets. 
 " Nil metuunt jurarc, nihil promittere parcunt. 
 Sed simul ac cupidae mentis satiata libido est, 
 Difla nihil metuerc, nihil pcrjuria curant.'' 
 
 Catulli carm. Ixiv. 146, 147, 148. 
 Ca^lia observes (Shakespeare's As you like it, a6l iii. vol. ii. 
 p. 238), " That the oath of a lover is no stronger than the word 
 of a tapster; they arc both the confirmers of false reckonings." 
 And Mirabel (see Wild Goose Chase, Beaumont and Fletcher's 
 Works, part i. p. 452) thus speaks to Oriana: 
 
 *' I have more to do w ith my honesty than to fool it or ven- 
 ture It in such leak-barks as women ; I put them off, because I 
 loved them not, and not for thy sake, nor the contradl's sake, 
 nor vows nor oaths ; I have made a thousand of them ; they arc 
 things indifferent, whether kept or broken, mere venial slips, 
 that come not near the conscience, nothing concerning those 
 fender parts ; tbey are trifles." The Beguius of the Franciscan 
 
 order
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. US 
 
 495 Or may the heavens fall, and cover 
 These rehques of your constant lover. 
 You have provided well, quoth she, 
 (I thank you) for yourself and me, 
 And shewn your Presbyterian wits 
 
 500 Jump punctual with the Jesuits ; 
 A most compendious way, and civil, 
 At once to cheat the world, the devil, 
 
 order were of opinion, that whatever lies a man told a woman 
 to gain her consent to his desires was not heresy, so that he be- 
 lieved in his heart the carnal a(5l was sin. Baker's History of tha 
 Inquisition, chap. v. p. 28. 
 
 Jusjurandum Amatorium. 
 *' Juliae sum polUcitus futurum 
 Me sibi fidum, calidusque aniora 
 Jurejurando simul obligavi 
 
 Me quoque scripto. 
 Hisce nee yinclis tenet obligatum 
 (Dum placent nymphaj, retinent amantes) ; 
 Ventus inscriptum folio ratumque 
 Cum folio aufert. 
 
 The Lover's Oath. 
 I. 
 
 ** I promis'd Julia to be true, 
 Nay, out of zeal, I swore it too, 
 And, that she might believe me more, 
 Gave her in wi'iting what 1 swore. 
 
 II. 
 Nor vows nor oaths can lovers bind. 
 So long as pleas'd, so long they're kind ; 
 'Twas writ on a leaf, the wind it blew, 
 Away both leaf and promise flew." 
 
 (The late Dean M.) 
 
 V. 499, 500. And shexvn your Presbyterian wits Jump punctual 
 xcith the Jesuits.^ There was but too much truth in this observa- 
 tion ; for there were several Jesuits and Popish priests got into 
 livings in those times. See Bishop Kennet's Register and'Chro- 
 nicle, p. 231, 781. 
 
 It is the observation of Mr. Long (Ep. Ded. to his history of 
 Popish and Fanatical Plots), " That the Jesuits and Dissenters 
 have so long communicated politics, that it Is hard to dctermers 
 
 whetine 
 hey
 
 155 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And heaven, and hell, yourselves, and those 
 On whom you vainly think t' impose. 
 505 Why then (quoth he), may hell surprise 
 That trick (said she) will not pass twice : 
 I've learn'd how far Pm to believe 
 Your pinning oaths upon your sleeve : 
 But there's a better way of clearing 
 
 510 What you would prove than downright swcar- 
 For if you have perform'd the feat, [hig; 
 
 The blows are visible as yet. 
 Enough to serve for satisfaction 
 Of nicest scruples in the action ; 
 
 515 And if you can produce those knobs, 
 Although they're but the witch's drubs, 
 I'll pass them all upon account, 
 As if your natural self had don't ; 
 Provided that they pass th* opinion 
 
 50 Of able juries of old women, 
 
 wT>etTier tli-crc be now more fanaticism in the Jesuits, or more Je- 
 suitism among the fanatics." And Mr. Petyt (sec V'isions of 
 the Reformation, p. 20), comparing the Papists and Presbyterians, 
 says, " You will (ind, that though they have two laces that look 
 different ways, yet they have both the same lineaments, the 
 same principles, and the same ppa6tices, and both impudently 
 deny it, like the two men that stole the piece of flesh from the 
 butcher in the fable : he that took it, swore he had it not; and 
 he that had it, swore he did not take it. Who took it, or who has 
 it, I don't know (quoth the butcher), but by Jotc yon are a 
 eouple of knares. As in their Pharisaical disposition they sym- 
 hofize with the Jew, so in some of their positions they jump pat 
 with (]ye Jesuit: for though they are both in the extremes, and 
 )is contrary one totheothcr as thcscak'S of a diameter, yet their 
 opinlorrs and practices arc concentric to depress regal power ; 
 both of them woiild birnl their kings in clwins, and their nobles
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 157 
 
 Who, us'd to judge all matter of facts 
 
 For bellies, may do so for backs. 
 
 Madam (quoth he) Your love's a million : 
 
 To do is less than to be willing, 
 525 As I am, were it in my power, 
 
 T' obey what you command and more. 
 
 But for performing what you bid, 
 
 I thank you as much as if I did. 
 
 You know 1 ought to have a care, 
 530 To keep my wounds from taking air; 
 
 For wounds in those that are all heart, 
 
 Are dangerous in any part. 
 
 I find (quoth she) my goods and chattels 
 
 Are like to prove but mere drawn battles ; 
 535 For still the longer we contend, 
 
 We are but farther off the end ; 
 
 But granting now we should agree, 
 
 Wliat is it you expect of me ? 
 
 in links of iron.'' The True informer, who discoyereth tho 
 chief causes of the sad distempers in Great Brittany and Ireland, 
 Oxford, 1643, p. 9. 
 
 The Roman Catholics advance the cause, 
 Allow a lie, and call it pia fraus. 
 The Puritan approves, and does the same, 
 Dislikes nought in it, but the Latin name : 
 He flows with his devices, and dare lie 
 n very deed, in truth, and verity : 
 lie whines, and sighs, and lies with so much ruth, 
 As if he griev'd 'cause he could ne'er speak truth." 
 
 Puritan and Papist, by Mr. A. Cowley, p. 1. 
 
 T. 5^0. Of able Juries of old ziO?H<".] See v. 884. 
 
 v. 531. Foi' tcounds in those that are all heart , &c.] Sec 
 
 Character of Little Hugo Gondibert, book i. canto ii. p. 20; 
 
 3 ~ and
 
 158 JIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Your plighted faith (quoth he) and word 
 540 You pass'd in heaven on record, 
 
 Where all contracts, to have and t* liold. 
 
 Are everlastingly enroll'd : 
 
 And if 'tis counted treason here 
 
 To rase records, 'tis much more there. 
 ,545 Quoth she, There are no bargains driv'n, 
 
 Nor marriages clapM up in heav'n ; 
 
 And that's the reason, as some guess, 
 
 There is no heav'n in marriages ; 
 
 Two things that naturally press 
 550 Too narrowly to be at case : 
 
 and Sanrho's advice to Don Quixote, " w}ioselittleheart,(hcsays,) 
 Mas no bigger than a hazel-nut," vol. iii. p. 86. 
 
 V. 539, 540. Your plighted faith (qvoth he) and word You 
 passed in heaven on record. \ The author of a book, entitled, 
 The Devil upon two Sticks (vol. i. chap. ix. p. 108, edit.. 1708), 
 makes mention of a couple of young ladies talking upon the sub- 
 ject of matrimony after their father's death. " He is dead at 
 last (said the eldest), our unnatural father, who took a barba. 
 rous pleasure in preventing our marriage ; he will now no more 
 cross our designs^. For my part (said the youngest}, I am for 
 a rich husband, and Don Bourvelas shall be my man. Hold, 
 sister (replied the eldest), don't let us be hasty in the choice of 
 husbands : let us marry those the powers above have decreed 
 lor us, for our marriages arc registered in heaven's books. So 
 much the worse, dear sister (returned the younger), for I am 
 afraid my father Mill tear out the leaf.'' 
 
 v. 543, 544. Jnd if ^tis counted treason here To rase recordfj 
 V/.y much more thrre.^ 1 cannot learn that it is treason to rase 
 records by any law in being in I^r. Butler's time: It was 
 made felony by 8 of Richard II. and 8 Henry VI. 12. See 
 Statute-book. " Merito capitale est inconsulti curia delere, 
 vel immutarc.'' Vide Spelmanni Glossar. sub voce Uecordmn 
 Rccordatio, p. 480. That infamous Solicitor general St. John, 
 in his Argument against the Earl of Straft'ord, says, " It is trea- 
 son to embezzle judicial records." Walker's History of Inde- 
 pendency,
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 159 
 
 Their bus'ness there is only love. 
 
 Which marriage is not like t' improve. 
 
 Love, that's too generous to abide 
 
 To be against its nature ty'd : 
 555 For where 'tis of itself inclin'd, 
 
 It breaks loose when it is confinVl, 
 
 And like the soul, its harbourer, 
 
 Debarr'd the freedom of the air, 
 
 Disdains against its will to stay, 
 560 But struggles out, and flies away ; 
 
 And therefore never can comply 
 
 T' endure the matrimonial tie, 
 
 pendency, part iii. p. 15. Serjeant Thorp (one of the infamous 
 judges of the times), in his charge to the grand jury at York, 
 March 20, 1648, p. 15, in his list of felonies against the 
 possession, says, *' It is felony, if any rase, embezzle, or with- 
 draw any record of the court." 
 
 V. 545, 54G, 547, 5 48. Quoth sJie, There arc tio bargains driven^ 
 Nor marriages dapphl up in heaven : And that's the reason, as 
 some guess, There is no heav'n in marriagcs.~\ Marriage is 
 ridiculed in an extraordinary manner in this whole speech of the 
 widow. She begins rery wittily and satirically. The compari- 
 sons of marriage to a double horse, and of love to an ague, are 
 finely imagined, and exceedingly M'ell suited to the nature of 
 this poem, which is burlesque in perfe6lion. We are ready to 
 pardon these refleftions upon that happy state of life, bccaose 
 they proceed out of a lady's mouth. If we consider her present 
 case, she could not avoid making such frightful representations 
 of that state, not from any disaflection she had to it, but to 
 deter the Knight from it, and consequently by this method to 
 get quit of his addresses, which were very disagreeable to her. 
 (Mr. B.) 
 
 This passage alludes to our Saviour's answer to the Sadducees, 
 That in heaven there is no marrying, nor giving in marriage. 
 
 To which Mr. J. Owen, in one of his admired Epigraftis, 
 alludes, Epigrammat. Johan. Owen, lib. ii. p. 21 ; Amor 
 Conjugalis, p. 200, edit. 1633. 
 
 '^ Pluriraus in coelis amor est, connubia nulla ; 
 Conjugiain terris plurima, nullus amor.'' 
 
 There
 
 160 HUDIBR AS. Part III. 
 
 That binds the female and the male, 
 
 Where th' one is but the other's bail; 
 565 Like Roman gaolers, when they slept, 
 
 Chained to the prisoners they kept. 
 
 Of which the true and faithfull'st lover 
 
 Gives best security to suffer. 
 
 Marriage is but a beast, some say, 
 570 That carries double in foul way; 
 
 And therefore 'tis not to b* admir'd 
 
 It should so suddenly be tir'd ; 
 
 A bargain at a venture made 
 
 Between two partners in a trade ; 
 575 (For what's inferr'd by t' have and t* hold. 
 
 But something past away and sold ?) 
 
 That, as it makes but one of two, 
 
 Reduces all things else as low: 
 
 There is another, in English with the same turn of *thought, 
 ivhich is given to Dean Swift, but how justly I cannot say. 
 
 " Cries Caslia to a reverend Dean, 
 
 What reason can be given, 
 Since marriage is a holy thing, 
 
 That tliere is none in heaven ? 
 There are no Momen there, he cried. 
 
 She quick returns the jest, 
 Women there arc, but I'm afraid 
 
 They cannot lind a priest." (Mr, C.) 
 
 . 565, 566. Like Roman gaolers, -whetit he j^ slept, Chain^dto the 
 prisoners they kept .~\ The custom was for the prisoner to have a 
 chain on bis riglit.hand, with the other end chained to the left- 
 hand of the soldier that kept him. To this Lipsius alludes, Com- 
 nifiit. in lib. iii. Annal. Taciti, p. 0. edit. Lugduni Batavor. 
 1689. ^'Custodia militaris frcquentissima, et Romoe, et in pro- 
 tiuciis ; ejusque modus, utis, qui in noxa esset, catcnam manui 
 dextras alligatam haberet ; quae eadem militis, sinistram vinciret, 
 custodia; ejus prsefcfti." Vide Senecae lib. de Tranquillitate Ani- 
 
 mae,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. Idl 
 
 And at the best is but a mart 
 580 Between the one and th' other part, 
 That on the marriage-day is paid. 
 Or hour of death, the bet is laid ; 
 And all the rest of better or worse. 
 Both are but losers out of purse. 
 585 For when upon their ungot heirs 
 
 Th' entail themselves, and all that's theirs. 
 What blinder bargain e*er was driv'n. 
 Or wager laid at six and seven, 
 To pass themselves away, and turn 
 590 Their children's tenants ere they 're born? 
 Beg one another idiot 
 To guardians, ere they are begot, 
 Or ever shall perhaps, by th' one 
 Who 's bound to vouch 'em for his own. 
 
 mae, cap. x. p. 348, edit. Parisiis, 1587. To this Juvenal al 
 ludes, sat. vi. 560, 561. 
 
 ** Inde fides artis, sonuit, si dextcra fcrro, 
 Laevaque si longo castrorum in carcere mansit," 
 Vide plura Lipsii uot. id. ib. See Dr. Whitby's note upon St. 
 Peter's being bound with two chains, Adls xii. 7. 
 
 T. 575, 576. For uhafs inferrd hy f have and t' hold, But some~ 
 thing pass' d a-way and sold.^ The Salisbury Missal of 1554 might 
 have given satisfaction to the widow's scruple in this respect, had 
 she lived at that time, where the woman promises to have and to 
 hold but for one day : "IN. take thee N. for my wedded hus- 
 band, to have and to hold, for this day." Missal, ad Us. Eccl. 
 Sarisburiens. Rothomagi, 1554. Ord. Sponsal. fol. 43. 
 
 V. 585, 586. For when upon their iin got heirs Th* entail them-- 
 selves, andallthaVs theirs.l Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq. (see his 223d 
 Tatler) seems to be no great friend to settlements and entails ; 
 and, for a motto, has borrowed these and the four following 
 lines out of our poet. 
 
 T. 594. Who^s bound to vouch ^emfor his ew.] See Belmour'a 
 Vol. II. M rjcmark^
 
 IW HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 595 Though got b' implicit generation, 
 And general club of all the nation ; 
 For which she 's fortify *d no less 
 Than all the island, with four seas ; 
 Exacts the tribute of her dower, 
 
 600 In ready insolence and power ; 
 
 And makes him pass away, to have 
 And hold, to her, himself, her slave. 
 More wretched than an ancient villain, 
 Condcmn'd to drudgery and tilling ; 
 
 605 While all he does upon the by 
 
 remark, Congreve's Old Bachelor, act i.sc. 4. I fear Bion's ad- 
 vice to Lucentio will not in all insfanccs hold good : " Take you 
 assurance of her, cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum," ice. 
 Taming the Shrew, act U. vol. ii. p. 341. 
 
 V. bV5. Though got b'iviplkit s:''neration.\ Sir Roger L' Estrange 
 (vol. ii. fab. 190, of a seaman well provided for) says, "This is 
 such anotfier providence as that of the good woman's great belly 
 in London, in the revolution of forty-onc, when her husband 
 Jiad been three years in Plymouth. " 'Tis true (says she), my 
 liusband has been three years away, but I have had very com- 
 fortable letters from him," 
 
 v. 598. Than all the island, tiith four seas.'] By the common 
 law of England, if the husband is within the four seas (the ju- 
 risdiction of the King of England), so that by intendment of law 
 he may come to his wife, and his wife hath issue, no proof is ^to 
 be admitted to prove the child a bastard, unless there is an appa- 
 rent impossibility that the husband should be the father of it. If 
 the husband is but eight years old, then such issue is a bastard, 
 though b6rn within marriage : But if the issue is born within a 
 day after marriage, between parties of full age, when the hus- 
 band is under no apparent impossibility, the child is legitimate, 
 and supposed to be the child of the husband. Dr. Wood's In- 
 stitutes of the Laws of Ena[land, Sdcdit. p. 6L See Shake- 
 speare's Life and Death oi King John, act i. vol. iii. p. 171. 
 Owen, in his Epigrams, lib. i. epigr. 38, is very severe upon 
 persons under these unhappy circumstances : 
 
 " XXXVIII. Maritus ct Moechus, 
 Maritus. Hanc ego mi uxorem duxi, iulit alter amorem ; 
 Sic vos, non vobis, mcllificatis, apes. 
 
 Mcechus.
 
 Canio I. IIUDIBRAS. 16S 
 
 She is not bound to justify, 
 Nor at her proper cost and charge 
 Maintain the feats he does at large. 
 Such hideous sots were those obedient 
 
 6 10 Old vassals to their ladies regent. 
 To give the cheats tlie eldest hand 
 In foul play, by the laws o' th' land ; 
 For which so many a legal cuckold 
 Has been run down in courts, and truckled. 
 6\5 A law that most unjustly yokes 
 
 All Johns of Stiles to Joans of Nokes, 
 
 Mocchus. Hos ego filiolos feci, tulit alter honores J 
 Sic vos, non vobis, nidificatis, aves." 
 
 V. 603. Mure wretched than an ancient villain.'] " Villanagc 
 (says the author of the printed notes) is an ancient tenure, by 
 which the tenants were obliged to perform the most abject and 
 slavish services for their lords." See an account of this tenure, 
 Cowel's Interpreter, Selden's notes upon Drayton's Polyolbion, 
 p. 302; Somner's Treatise of Gavel-kind, p. 58, 66, 72, 73, 
 Bishop Rennet's edit. ; Sir Henry Spelman's Glossary, Shoring'* 
 ham dc Gentis Anglorum Origine, p. 66. 
 
 T. 613. A legal cuckold.] One that has proved himself such 
 upon a legal trial with the cuckold -maker, in order to recover 
 damages. See Sir Roger L'Estrange's merry story of a cuckold 
 by the courtesy of England, part ii. fab. 148. " The story is 
 well known (says Mr. Ray, English Proverbs, 2d edit. p. 69) 
 of an old woman, who, hearing a young fellow call his dog Cuck- 
 old, said to him. Are you not ashamed to call a dog by a Chris- 
 tian's name ?" See John Taylor's Wit and Mirth, Works, p. 
 186 ; the story of Sir Gervase Clifton and Sir Edmund Bacon, 
 Ear! of Strafford's Letters, vol. ii. p. 141 ; Ephraim Weed's let- 
 ter, Spectator, No. 450. 
 
 There is a very whimsical petition (Spectator, No. 629) of B. 
 B. Esq ; who desired the honour of knighthood for having 
 cuckolded Sir T. W. a notorious Roundhead. 
 
 V 616. All Johns of Stiles to Joans of Nokes.'] Two fictitious 
 names, only made use of by young lawyers in stating cases. These 
 imaginary persons have been so long set at variance by the gen- 
 tlemen of the long robe, that at length they grow weary of being 
 
 M 2 involuntary
 
 idi HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Without distinction of degree, 
 
 Condition, age, or quality ; 
 
 Admits no power of revocation, 
 620 Nor valuable consideration, 
 
 Nor writ of error, nor reverse 
 
 Of judgment past, for better or worse; 
 
 Will not allow the privileges 
 
 That beggars challenge under hedges, 
 625 Who, when they 're griev'd, can make dead 
 
 Their spiritual judges of divorces; [horses 
 
 involuntary opponents, and agreed to join in this humorous pe- 
 tition for relief to the Spectator. 
 
 ^' The humble petition of John of Nokes and John of Stiles, 
 Shewcth, 
 
 That your petitioners have had causes dcpendin<T in Westmin- 
 ster hall above five hundred years ; and that we despair of ever 
 seeing them brought to an issue : That your petitioners have not 
 been involved in these law-suits by any litigious temper of their 
 own, but by the instigation of contentious persons : That the 
 young lawyers in our inns of court arc continually setting us to- 
 gether by the ears, and think they do us no hurt, because they 
 plead for us without a fee : That many of the gentlemen of the 
 robe have no other clients in the world besides us two; That, 
 when they have nothing else to do, they make us plaintiffs and 
 defendants, though they were never retained by either of us : 
 That they traduce, condemn, or acquit us, without any manner 
 of regard to oiir reputation and good names in the world. Your 
 petitioners therefore humbly pray, that you will put an end to 
 the controversies which have been so long depending between 
 us, and that our enmity may not endure from generation to ge- 
 neration, it being our resolution to live hereafter as becometh 
 men of peaceable dispositions." 
 
 Spectator, No. 577. See No. 563. (Mr. B.) 
 
 <' Like him that wore the dialogue of cloaks, 
 
 This shoulder John of Stiles, that John of Nokes,*' 
 
 Cleveland's Works, p. 43. 
 
 T. 627, 628. Whi?^ nothing else but rem in le-^anset the proxul- 
 fst wretches free. ^ We have an instance to the contrary in the 
 
 pooy
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 165 
 
 While nothing else, but rem in re, 
 Can set the proudest wretches free ; 
 A slavery beyond enduring, 
 
 630 But that 'tis of their own procuring : 
 As spiders never seek the fly, 
 But leave him, of himself, t' apply ; 
 So men are by themselves employ'd, 
 To quit the freedom they enjoy'd, 
 
 635 And run their necks into a noose, 
 
 Xhey'd break 'em after, to break loose. 
 
 poor Cavalier corporal (see Tatler, No. 164,) who, being con- 
 demned to die, wrote this letter to his wife the day before he 
 expected to suffer, thinking it would come to hand the day after 
 his execution. 
 
 " Dear wife. 
 
 Hoping you are in good health, as I am at this present writ* 
 ing, this is to let you know, that yesterday, between the hours 
 of eleven and twelve, I was hanged, drawn, and quartered. I 
 died very penitently, and everybody thought my case very hard. 
 Jleinenibcr me kindly to my poor fatherless children. 
 
 Yours, till death, W. B." 
 
 '' It so happened, that this honest fellow was relieved by a 
 party of his friends, and had the satisfaction to see all the rebels 
 hanged who had been his enemies. 1 must not omit a circum- 
 stance which exposed him to raillery his whole life after. Before 
 the arrival of the next post, which would have set all things 
 clear, his wife was married to a second husband, who lived in the 
 peaceable possession of her ; and the corporal, who was a man of 
 plain understanding, did not care to stir in the matter, as know- 
 ing that she had the news of his death under his own hand} 
 which she might have produced upon occasion." 
 
 The Emperor Leo (as my very worthy and learned friend Dr. 
 Dickins, professor of civil law in the university of Cambridge, 
 informs rae) allowed a separation in another case, viz. that of an 
 incurable madness. 
 
 **Perconjugiuminquiunt, in corpus coierunt,oportetquemcm- 
 brum alterum alterius morbos perpeti : et diviuum prseceptun) est, 
 
 JNl 3 quos
 
 166 HUDIBRAS. Paiit HI. 
 
 As some, ^vhom death would not depart, 
 Have done the feat themselves, by art : 
 Like Indian widows, gone to bed 
 
 640 In flamitig curtains to tlie dead ; 
 And men as often dangled for % 
 And yet will never leave the sport. 
 
 quos Deus junxerit, ne soparcntur. Praeclara qulJcm hajc ct di. 
 Tina, utpote qua? a Deo prommciafa sint : verum non recte, neqtie 
 scciindum divinum proposituin hie in medium adferuntur : si eftim 
 matrimonium talem statuni conservaret, qualcm ejus in principio 
 pronuba cxhibuisset : quisquis scpararct, improbus profocto cs- 
 set, ncque reprehcnsioneiu effugcrct. Jam vcro cum pra:^ furore 
 ne voccra quidcm humanam a mnlicrc audias, uedum aliudquid- 
 quam eornm, quae ad oblcctanientum ct hilaritatcm matrimonium 
 largitur, ab ilia obtineat : quis adeo acerbum horrendumque ma- 
 trimonium dirimcre nolit ? Ea propter sancimus,&c. Utsiquan- 
 do post initum matrimonium, mulier in furorcm incidat, ad tres 
 annos infortunium niaritus fcrat, moestitiamque toUcret ; ct nisi 
 inter ea temporis ab isto malo ilia liberetur, ncque ad mentcm 
 redeat ; tunc matrimonium divcllatur, maritusque ad intolerabili 
 ilia calamitate exoneretur." Imp. Leonis Novella CXI. 
 
 *' Per Novellam scquentem : si maritus per matrimonii fcmpus 
 in furorem incidat intra quinquennium, matrimonium solvi uc- 
 queat : co autem elapso, si furor cum adhuc occnpet, solvi possit." 
 
 y. C3l, 632. Ai spiders never seek the Jiy, But leave hi7n, of 
 himself, f applj/.'] This is a mistake, if what Moufet says be true, 
 Insector. Theatr, p. 72. " Aranearum quaedam genera muscas ve- 
 nantur, iisdenique vescuntur ;'' which is confirmed by Dr. Lister. 
 Hist, de Arancis in Gcncre, lib. i. cap. t: Hist. Animal. Anglia;, 
 p. 11 ; De Arancis Octonoculis, part ii. tit. xxi. p. 70. ''Huic 
 aranco dum in rcHcnli vestibule prapdie capicndae invigilabat; 
 majosculam inuscam conjeci, qnam cderitcr quidem arripuit, at- 
 que unico morsn, qnantum notarc potui, occidit. 
 
 '* Inter cajfcras muscas omnigeni culiccs maxime ei arridcnt .- 
 ejus autem venationis modum clegantissimis, vcrissimisque verbis 
 enarravit CI. Evelenius noster, apud doctissimum Ilookium."^ 
 Micrographia?, observ. xlviii. id. ib. tit. xxxi. p. 88. Sec an ac- 
 count of darting spiders catching gnats, Philosophical Transac- 
 tions, vol. iii. No. 50, p. 1015. 
 
 T. 633. aiiploifd.'] Bet ray'' d in all editions, but 
 
 query, whether employ d is in<it a better reading. 
 
 V. ^37^ fVhotn lieatfi would not depart.J Alluding to the several 
 
 3 reriews
 
 CaxtoI. HUDIBRAS. ^17 
 
 Nor do the ladies want excuse 
 
 For all the stratagems they use, 
 
 645 To gain th* advantage of the set, 
 
 And lurch the amorous rook and cheat. 
 
 For as the Pythagorean soul 
 
 reviews of the common prayer before the last, where it stands 
 Till death vs depart ; and then altered) Till death us depart. 
 
 V. 639, 640. Like Indian zcidows gone to bed Li Jlaming cur- 
 tains^ to the dead.l The women in England, who murder their 
 husbands, as guilty of petty treason, are burnt. Jacob's Law 
 Dictionary. The Indian custom is mentioned by several travel, 
 lers. See Purchas's Pilgrims, part ii. p. 1724, 1749, 1750 ; Ge- 
 melli Carreri ; Churchill's Collections, vol. iv. p. 216 ; Thevenot's 
 Travels, partiii. chap. xlix. p. 85. My friend, the Rev. Mr. W. 
 Smith of Bedford, informs me, that he was assured by Dr. Paten, 
 a person of veracity, who had enquired thoroughly into this affair 
 in the East Indies, of two or three English merchants who had 
 been up so far in the country as to be spectators, that the cruel 
 cene was as follows : There was a large pile of wood got ready, 
 and kindled as soon as the corps was laid theroon : The widow 
 was worked up by spirituous liquors, as well as by the enthusi- 
 astic speeches of the Brachmans, till she was mad enough to da 
 any thing ; however, if she refused to throw herself in volunta- 
 rily, they then made her dead drunk, and threw her in, contra- 
 ry to her natural inclinations. See Mr. Marshall's Letter to Dr. 
 Coga, &c. Miscellanea Curiosa, vol. iii. p. 263, 2d edit. See tha 
 rise of this custom in the East Indies, Mr. G. Sandys's Notes 
 upon the tenth book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, p. 193. This was 
 anciently practised in some places, according to Diodorus Slculus 
 (Bibliotheca, lib. xvii. p. 419, edit. Basil. 1548,) who makes men- 
 tion of a people conquered by Alexander the Great, m here the 
 wife was burnt with her dead husband ; and gives the following 
 reason for it : " Transiitad Catharos, quae gens lege illud scitum 
 habet, et observat ; uti uxor cum marito mortuo incendatur : id- 
 que ob foeminaj cujusdam veneficium cum marito patratura, a, 
 barbaris institutum ferunt." See the same account, Sir John 
 Mandeville's V^oyage, &c. edit. 1727, chap. xv. p. 206, 207 ; 
 and a remarkable story, Acosta's History of the Indies, lib. v, 
 cap. vii. p. 346', of a Portuguese, with one eye, whom the Bar- 
 barians would have sacrificed to accompany a nobleman that was 
 dead ; who said unto them, " That those in the other world 
 would make ;$mall account of their dead, if they^ave him a blind
 
 1C HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Runs thro' all beasts, and fish, and fowl, 
 
 And has a smack of ev'ry one, 
 650 So love does, and has ever done: 
 
 And therefore, though 'tis ne'er so fond, 
 
 Takes strangely to the vagabond. 
 
 Tis but an ague that's revers'd, 
 
 Whose hot fit takes the patient first, 
 655 That after burns with cold as much 
 
 As iron in Greenland does the touch ; 
 
 Melts in the furnace of desire, 
 
 Like glass, that *s but the ice of fire ; 
 
 And when his heat of fancy *s over, 
 660 Becomes as hard and frail a lover : 
 
 For when he's with love-powder laden, 
 
 And prim'd and cock'd by Miss or Madam^ 
 
 The smallest sparkle of an eye 
 
 Gives fire to his artillery ; 
 666 And off the loud oaths go, but, while 
 
 They 're in the very act, recoil. 
 
 for his companion ; and that they had better girc him an atteo- 
 dant with both his eyes." The reason being found good by thit 
 Barbarians, they let him go. 
 
 V. 647. Fur as the Pythagorean sonl.l^ Cornelius Agrippa(De 
 Anima, Par. Poster. Op. cap. Hi. p. 114) has put together the 
 Several opinions of the ancient heathen poets and philosophers 
 Upon this subject. Vide etiam Pancirolli Rer. Memorab. par. i. 
 tit. xlvii. p. 221. See Fum Iloam's Transmigrations, Chinese 
 Tales, vol. i. ii. 
 
 Mr. Bnlstrode has wrote an essay on transmigration, in de- 
 feqce of Pythagoras, an abstract of which is'pubHshed by Mr. 
 Stackhouse, in the appendix to his translation of Chinese Tales, 
 2d edit. 1740, p. 236. And Mr. Addison has merrily exposed 
 this opinion, in Pug's letter to his mistress, Spectator, No. 343. 
 
 T. 656. As iron in Greenland does the touch.^ Those persons 
 who hare been so unfortunate as to winter in Greenland, andsur- 
 Tired it, tell us, that the cold is so extreme, that if thoy touch a 
 
 piec
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 169 
 
 Hence 'tis so few dare take their chance 
 Without a separate maintenance ; 
 And widows, who have try'd one lover, 
 
 670 Trust none again till th' have made over ; 
 Or if they do, before they marry, 
 The foxes weigh the geese they carry. 
 And ere they venture o'er a stream, 
 Know how to size themselves and them : 
 
 76 Whence witti'st ladies always chuse 
 To undertake the heaviest goose. 
 For now the world is grown so wary 
 That few of either sex dare marry. 
 But rather trust on tick t* amours, 
 
 680 The cross and pile for bett'r or worse ; 
 A mode that is held honourable, 
 As well as French and fashionable : 
 For when it falls out for the best. 
 Where both are incommoded least, 
 
 piece of iron, it will stick to their fingers, and even bring ofFtha. 
 skin. Some sailors, left there in King Charles II. 's time, con- 
 firm the truth of tJiis, as may be seen at large in Harris's Collec 
 tion of Voyages. See Moll's Geography, part ii. p. 28. edit. 
 1701 ; Lediard's Naval History, vol. i. p. 121, 122. 
 
 Iron and other metals burn upon the touch in Russia, (see Dr. 
 Giles Fletcher's Account of Russia, Purchas's Pilgrims, part 
 iii. lib. iii. p. 415) as appears from the story of a liquorish ser- 
 vant, who taking a pewter dish of some sweet sauce from his 
 master's table into the next room, licked it, and paid the skin 
 pf his tongue for that sweet sauce. 
 
 And Mr. Purchas observes elsewhere, part iv. lib. vi. p. 1205, 
 that Robert Harris, going to blow his nose with his fingers, in 
 the Streights of Magellan, happened to cast it into the fire. 
 
 V. 672. The foxes uxigh the geese they carry.~\ This story is 
 mentioned by Sir K. Digby, Treatise of Bodies, chap, xxxvi, 
 xxxviii. p. 388, 1645, to which I refer the reader, and to his 
 refifictions upon it. r. 686.
 
 170 HUDIBRAS. Pat III. 
 
 685 In soul and body two unite, 
 
 To make up one hermaphrodite ; 
 Still amorous, and fond, and billing, 
 Like Philip and Mary on a shilling, 
 Th' have more punctilios and capriches 
 
 690 Between the petticoat and breeches, 
 INIore petulant extravagances, 
 'J'han poets make *em in romances ; 
 Though when their heroes 'spouse the dames, 
 We hear no more of charms and flames : 
 
 695 For then their late attacks decline, 
 And turn as eager as prick'd wine ; 
 
 T. 686. To make up one hermaphrodite.'] See an account of her- 
 maphrodites, and Ihe original of the name, Diotlor. Sicul. Rcr. 
 Antiquar. lib. V. cap. i. ; Spanish Mandeville, 1600, folio 7 ; 
 Stowe's Annals, by Howes, p. 187 ; Uaywood's Hierarchy of 
 Angels, book vii. p. 477 ; Mr. G. Sandys's Notes upon the 
 fourth book of 0\id's Metamorphoses, p. 94, edit. 1640 ; Bul- 
 wor's Artificial Changeling, sc. xxi. p. 389, 390; Cleveland's 
 Works, upon an Hermaphrodite, edit. 1677, p. 25 ; An exact 
 narrative of an hermaphrodite, Philosophical Transactions, No. 
 32, p. 6'24, vol. xvi. No. 186, p. 282 ; and Mr. Cheselden's 
 Account of a Native of Angola, in Afric, shevrn in London, 
 1740, Anatomy, 5lh and 6'th editions, p. 314. 
 
 V. 6S7, 6S8. S/ill aiDorous, and fond.) and billing, Like Philip 
 and Mary on as/iitling.] 
 
 " Thus did nature's vintage vary^ 
 Coining thee a Philip and Mary." 
 
 Cleveland upon an Hermaphrodite, p. 27. 
 
 In Philip and Mary shillings (one of which I have by me, 
 coined in the year 1555) the faces are placed opposite to each 
 other, and pretty close. 
 
 v. 693,694. Though, when iheir heroes ''spouse the dames, We 
 hear no more of charms andjiamcs.] Mr. Ray (in his English Pro- 
 verbs, p. 63.) produces some coarse proverbial sayings upon 
 this subject. " When a couple (says he) are newly married, 
 the first month is honey-moon, or sraick-smack ; the second is 
 hither and thither ; the third is thwick-thwack ; the fourth, the 
 devil take them that brought thee and I together." 
 
 Nay,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 171 
 
 AikI all their cat ter wauling tricks, 
 
 In earnest to as jealous piques ; 
 
 Which th' ancients wisely signif^'M 
 700 By th* yellow mantuas of the bride. 
 
 For jealousy is but a kind 
 
 Of clap and grincam of the mind, 
 
 The natural eftbcts of love, 
 
 As other flames and aches prove : 
 705 But all tiie mischief is, the doubt 
 
 On whose account they first broke out. 
 
 For though Chineses go to bed, 
 
 And lie in, in their ladies stead. 
 
 Nay, the author of thcTatlcr observes (No. 150), " That he 
 had known a fond couf>le qnairel in the very honey-moon." 
 
 V. 699, 700. Which th'' ancients toisely signify'' d By th' yellota 
 mantuas of the bride.'] Juvenal thus describes Messalina, when 
 she was going to be married to Silius, alluding to the colour of 
 her mantle, sat. x. 333, 334. 
 
 -" Dudum sedet ilia parato 
 
 Flammeolo"- 
 
 ** Adorn'd in bridal pomp, she sits in state." Mr. Dryden. 
 
 Lntci video honorera antiquissimum in nuptialibus stammeis to- 
 fum in foerainrs concessiim. Plinii Nat. Hist. lib. xxi. cap. viii. 
 Vide plura, Erasrai Op. vol. i. p. 1139. vol. v. p. 598 ; Gui- 
 donis PanciroUi Rer. Memorab. part i. tit. 59 ; Dc Nuptis, p. 
 319; Chartarii Imagin. Deor. qui ab antiquis colebantur, p. 
 136; Notes upon Lucretius, 1714, vol. 1. p. 304, 305. 
 
 v. 702. Grincam.l Altered to Grincuni^ 1710. 
 
 V. 707, 708. Far though Chineses go to bed, And lie in, in their 
 ladies s^ef/.]*The Chinese men of quality, when their wives are 
 brought to bed, are nursed and tended with as much care as 
 women here, and are supplied with the best strengthening and 
 nourishing diet, in order to qualify them for future services. This 
 is the custom of the Brasilians, if we may believe Matfeus (see 
 Purchas's Pilgrims, toI, v. book ix. chap. iv. p. 906,) who ob- 
 serves, " That women in travail arc delivered without great dif- 
 ficulty,
 
 172 IIL'DIBRAS. Pakt III. 
 
 And, fur the pains they took before, 
 710 Are nurs'd and pamper'd to do more ; 
 
 Our green-men do it worse, when th' hap 
 
 To fall in labour of a clap ; 
 
 Both lay the child to one another ; 
 
 But who's the father, who the mother, 
 715 *Tis hard to say in multitudes, 
 
 Or who imported the French goods. 
 
 But health and sickness b'ing all one,- 
 
 Which both engaged before to own. 
 
 And are not with their bodies bound 
 720 To worship only when they 're sound. 
 
 Both give and take their equal shares 
 
 Of all the}^ suffer by false wares: 
 
 A fate no lover can divert 
 
 With all his caution, wit, and art. 
 725 For 'tis in vain to think to guess 
 
 At women by appearances ; 
 
 ficnltv, and presently go about their household business : the hus- 
 band in her stead kccj)efh his bed, is visited by his neighbourSy 
 bath his broths made him, and junkets sent to comfort him.'* 
 See IJaron Polnitz's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 39(5. 
 
 T. '19, 720. And are not with their bodies bound To worship.^ 
 Alluding to the words to b spoken by the man in the office of 
 matrimony : " With my body I thee worship," i. e. with my bo- 
 dy I thee honour ; for so the word worship signifies in this place. 
 Vide Buceri Script. Anglican, p. 443 ; Scldeni Uxor. Eljraic. 
 lib. ii. cai]i. xxvii ; Mr. Wheatlcy's Rational Illustration, fol. 
 edit. p. 410. 
 
 V. 725, 716. For 'tis in tain to think to guess At women by ap- 
 peorances.l Do we think the widow speaks her own sentiments, 
 or is sincere in her satire ? If she is, I am afraid she will lie un- 
 der a heavy censure from the ladies for inveighing so frecl^fr 
 
 gainst 
 S
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 173 
 
 That paint and patch their imperfections 
 
 Of intellectual complexions ; 
 
 And daub their tempers o'er with washes 
 
 730 As artificial as their faces ; 
 
 Wear, under vizard-masks, their talents 
 And mother-wits, before their gallants ; 
 Until they 're hamper'd in the noose, 
 Too fast to dream of breaking loose ; 
 
 735 When all the flaws they strove to hide 
 Are made unready with the bride, 
 That with herwedding-cloaths undresses 
 Her complaisance and gentilesses ; 
 Tries all her arts to take upon her 
 
 740 The government, from th' easy owner : 
 Until the wretch is glad to wave 
 His lawful right and turn her slave ; 
 Find all his having and his holding, 
 Reduc'd V eternal noise and scolding; 
 
 against her own sex, and revealing their secrets. But after all, 
 "what have the ladies to fear from this female satirist ? Nothing ; 
 for as long as love continues to be (as it has hitherto) a blind, 
 universal, and irresistible passion, they need not fear any dimi- 
 nution of their conquests from such satirical railleries. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 730. As artificial as their faces.'] See Spectator, No. 41. 
 
 T. 735. When all the Jlaxcs they strove to hide, kc.'] See Devil 
 upon two sticks, vol. i. p. 32, 6th edit. ; Dean Swift's Descrip- 
 tion of Coriiina, Miscellanies, vol. v. p. 28 ; and the story of 
 the young Florentine, Lupton's Thousand notable things, book 
 xi, xxxix. p. 328 ; Lady's Travels into Spain, part ii. letter 
 vii. p. 120, 5th edit. 
 
 v. 743,744. Find all his having and Ms holding Reduced V eternal 
 noise and scolding.'] Vide Juvenal, sat. vi. 283, &c. ; Chaucer's 
 Prologue to the Alerchant's Tale, and the tale itself, fol. 21, edit. 
 
 1003;
 
 174 HVDIBRAS. rAarlll. 
 
 745 The conjugal petard, that tears 
 Down all portcuUices of ears. 
 And makes the volley of one tongue 
 For all their leathern shields too strong ; 
 \Vhen only arm'd with noise, and nails, 
 
 750 The female silk-worms ride the males, 
 
 1603 ; Madiiavel's Marriago of Belphogor : L'Estrangc's Fable 
 of a Woman ami Thrtishcs, toI. i. fab. 428 ; Old Cheese, Dr. 
 King's Miscellanies; Poggius's Fable of a Tailor and his Wife ; 
 l/Estrangc's Fables, parti, fab. 334, fab. 4'23, Of a Bladder 
 itith beans in it. 
 
 AtPekin, in China, therearehonscsor hospitals for the dumb, 
 supported by the fines imposed npon rcgraters and scolding wo- 
 men (Piirchas's Pilgrims, partiii. Jib. ii. p. 276.) See the method 
 of curing scolds at Newcastle and Walsal in Staftbrdshire, by an 
 iron collar about the neck, and a plate of iron put in the mouth 
 to keep the tongue down. Dr. Plot's Natural History of Staf- 
 fordshire; chap. ix. xcTJi. p. 389. 
 
 T. 745, 746. The conjugal petard, that tears Doxcn allportcul- 
 liccs of ears.] Petard, an hollow engine made of metal, in the 
 form of a high-crowned hat, charged with fine powder, and 
 fixiHl to a thick plank, called the madrier, in order to break 
 down gates, portculliccs, &c. Bailey's Dictionary. 
 
 Port Citllis, a falling gate or door, like a liarroM', hung over 
 the gates of fortified places, let down to keep an ejicmy out of 
 a city. Bailey. 
 
 Petruchio, in the Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare's Works, 
 fol. ii. p. 291,) seems to question the truth of this assertion. 
 " Think you (says he) a little din can daunt my cars ? 
 Have 1 not in my tintc heard lions roar ? 
 Have I not heard the sea, puff'd up with winds, 
 llagc like an angry boar chafed with sweat ? 
 Have I not heard great ordnance in the field ? 
 And heaven's artillery thunder in the skies? 
 Have I not in a pifched battle heard 
 I^oud larums, neighing steeds, and trumpets clang ? 
 And do you tell me of a woman's tongue. 
 That gives not half so great a blow to hear, 
 As will a chesnut in a fanner's lire ? 
 Tubl), tush, fear boys vvith bugs." 
 
 T. 750.
 
 Canto 1. UUDIBRAS. 175 
 
 Transform 'em into rams and goats, 
 Like Syrens, with their charming notes ; 
 Sweet as a screech-owl's serenade. 
 Or those enchanting murmurs made 
 755 By th' husband mandrake and the wife, 
 Both bury'd (hke themselves) alive. 
 
 V. 750. The female silk-Korms ride the maks.~\ See Virginia's 
 Discovery of Silk-Worms, by Edward Williams, 1650, p. 26. 
 
 V. 751, 752. Transform ^eminto rams and goats ^ Like Sy- 
 rens, with their charming notes.~\ * The Syrens, according to the 
 poets, were three sea monsters, half women and half fish ; their 
 names were Parthenope, Ligea, and Leucosia. Their usual re- 
 sidence was about the island of Sicily, where, by the charming 
 melody of their voices, they used to detain those that heard them, 
 and then transformed them into some sort of brute animals. 
 " Monstra maris Sirenes erant : quae voce canorS, 
 Quam libet admissas detinuere rates.'' 
 
 Ovid, de Arte Amandi, lib, iii. 311, 312. 
 Vide not, varior. Naucleri Chronograph, vol, ii. Generat. 20, 
 p. 625; Purchas's Pilgrims, part iv. lib. vi. p. 1240. lib. x. 
 p. 1887 ; Webster's Displaying of supposed Witchcraft, ch. xv. 
 p. 285, 286, 287. 
 
 T. 753. Stceet as a screech-onTs serenade.^ See Byshe's Art 
 of Poetry, 7th edit. vol. ii. p. 96^ from Mr. Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 . 754,755. Or those enchanting murmurs made Bj/tV husband 
 mandrake and the xcife.'] * Naturalists report, that if a male and 
 female mandrake lie near each other, there will often be heard a 
 sort of murmuring noise. 
 
 Vide Flinii Nat. Hist, lib, xxv, cap. xiii. ; Levini Lemnii Hcr- 
 bar. Biblior, Explicat. cap. ii. p. 14, &c. ; Michael Drayton's 
 England's Heroical Epistles, p. 95 ; Gondibert, by Sir William 
 Davenant, book ii. canto iv. xlviii, p, 161. book iii. canto vi. 
 ^Ixi, p. 340 ; New Memoirs of Milton's Life, by Mr. Peck, p. 
 248 ; Sir Thomas Browne has confuted this vulgar notion. Vul- 
 gar Errors, book ii, chap, vi. 
 
 It is reported, that the mandrake grows commonly under th 
 gallows. To this Glareanus Vadianus alludes, in his Panegyric 
 upon T. Coryat and his Crudities. 
 
 *'A mandrake grown under some heavy tree. CGaUows near Exeter 
 There, Avhere St. Nicholas knights, not long before, 
 Had dropp'd their fat axungia to the lee." 
 
 T.757,
 
 17(1 HUDIBRAS. Ca.vto I. 
 
 Quotli he, These reasons are but strains 
 Of wanton over-heated brains, 
 Which raUiers, in their wit or drink, 
 
 7<>0 Do rather wheedle with than think. 
 IVIan was not man in parachse. 
 Until he was created twice, 
 And had his better half, his bride, 
 Carv'd from th' original, his side. 
 
 765 T* amend his natural defects. 
 And perfect his recruiting sex, 
 
 T. 757. Quoth he. These reasons are but strains, &c.] The Knight 
 Seems here to have too much courage and good sense to be baffled 
 l)y the artful widow ; for he defends matrimony with more wit, 
 and a greater justness, than she had discovered in the ridiculing 
 of it. This must certainly yield a sublime satisfaction to the mar. 
 lied readers ; though it must be confessed, that, in her reply to 
 this defence, she hits upon a topic which very sensibly affected 
 our Knight, and in him all those unhappy wretches whose pre- 
 tended love is actuated by riches aetid possessions. (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 761, 762. Man was not man in paradise Until he wascrea- 
 ted tzeice.'] Da Bartas speaks something like this, Divine Weeks, 
 p. 225. 
 
 ** You that have seen within this ample table, 
 Among so many models admirable. 
 The admir'd beauties of the king of creatures, 
 Come, come, and see the woman's rapting features. 
 Without whom here man were but half a man, 
 
 But a M'ild wolf, but a barbarian 
 
 God, therefore, not to seem less liberal 
 To man than else to every animal. 
 For perfect pattern of a noly love, 
 To Adam's half another half he gave ; 
 Ta'en from his side, to bind through cv'ry age 
 W^ith kinder bonds the sacred marriage." 
 
 Sec a tract, entitled. Female Pre-eminence, &c. by Ilcnry Cor- 
 nelius Agrippa, translated by Henry Care, p. 6 ; Pub. Libr. 
 Cambridge; xir. 6. 24. 
 
 t. 764,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 177 
 
 Enlarge his breed, at once, and lessen 
 
 The pains and labour of increasing, 
 
 By changing them for other cares, - 
 770 As by his dry'd up paps appears. 
 
 His body, that stupendous frame. 
 
 Of all the world the anagram, 
 
 Is of two equal parts compact, 
 
 In shape and symmetry exact, 
 775 Of which the left and female side 
 
 Is to the manly right a bride, 
 
 T. 764. Carv'dfrom tli original, his sidclj 
 
 *' Adam, till his rib was lost, 
 Had the sexes thus engross'd, 
 When Providence our sire did cleave, 
 And out of Adam carved Eve ; 
 Then did man 'bout wedlock treat, 
 To make his body up complete." Cleveland's Works, p. 25. 
 
 *' ExtraxitDeus unam costam de latere ejus, et ex ilia formavit 
 mulierem, quam Evam nominavit. At non formavit earn de ca- 
 pite, ne viro dominaretur : nee do pede, ne a viro contemnere- 
 tur : sed de latere formavit eam, ut amoris rautui vinculo junge- 
 rentur." Gobelini Personai Cosmodromii, aet. i. Meibomii Rer. 
 Germanic, torn. i. p. 73. 
 
 Plato recites a fable (Qu. Conviv. p. 322, edit. Lugdun. 1590) 
 how man at first was created double, and for his arrogance dis- 
 sected into male and female (see Saudys's Notes upon Ovid's 
 Metamorph. b. iv. p. 79, edit. 1640). In the Romish Missal (vide 
 Ord. Spousal, ad Usum Eccles. Sarisburiens. 1554, fol. 42,) the 
 Papists seem to think that woman was taken from the left side, 
 and therefore man is to take the right hand whilst the marriage 
 ceremony is performing. 
 
 " Vir autem stet a dextris mulieris; mulier autem a sinistris 
 viri : causa est, quia formata est ex costa sinistri latcris Adamae." 
 
 Some have imagined, that man has one rib less than woman ; 
 which is ridiculed by Sir Tho. Browne, Vulgar Errors, book, 
 vii. chap. ii. 
 
 V. 771. His body, that stupendous frame, &c.] See Cleveland's 
 poem upon a HermapKrodite, edit. 1677, p. 26. 
 
 Vol. II. N t. 772
 
 178 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Both join*d together with such art, 
 That nothing else hut death can part. 
 Those heavenly attracts of yours, your eyes, 
 
 780 And face that all the world surprise, 
 That dazzle all that look upon ye, 
 And scorch all other ladies tawny, 
 Those ravishing and charming graces, 
 Are all made up of two half faces, 
 
 785 That in a mathematic line, 
 
 Like those in other heavens, join, 
 Of which, if either grew alone, 
 *Twould fright as much to look upon ; 
 And so would that sweet bud, your lip, 
 
 7^0 Without the other's fellowship. 
 Our noblest senses act by pairs, 
 Two eyes to see, to hear two ears ; 
 Th' intelligencers of the mind. 
 To wait upon the soul designed ; 
 
 79S But those that serve the body alone, 
 Are single and confin'd to one. 
 The world is but two parts, that meet 
 And close at th* equinoctial fit ; 
 And so are all the works of nature, 
 
 T. 772. Anagram.'] See Bailey's Dictionary. 
 
 V. 797. The world is but two parts , &c.] *The equinoctial di- 
 vides the globe into north and south. 
 
 V. 819. Unless among the Amazons^ &c.] *The Amazons were 
 women of Scythia, of heroic and great achievements. They suf- 
 fered no man to live among them, but once every year used to 
 have conversation with men of the neighbouring countries ; by 
 which if they had a male child, they presently either killed or 
 crippled it ; but if a female, they brought it up to the use of 
 
 arms.
 
 Canto L HUDIBRAS. 171 
 
 800 Stainp'd with her signature on matter ; 
 
 Which all her creatures, to a leaf, 
 
 Or smallest blade of grass, receive. 
 
 All which sufficiently declare 
 
 How entirely marriage is her care, 
 805 The only method that she uses, 
 
 In all the wonders she produces ; 
 
 And those that take their rules from her, 
 
 Can never be deceiv*d nor err : 
 
 For what secures the civil life 
 810 But pawns of children, and a wife? 
 
 That lie, like hostages, at stake, 
 
 To pay for all men undertake j 
 
 To whom it is as necessary. 
 
 As to be born and breathe, to marry. 
 815 So universal, all mankind, 
 
 In nothing else, is of one mind. 
 
 For in what stupid age or nation 
 
 Was marriage ever out of fashion ? 
 
 Unless among the Amazons, 
 820 Or cloister'd friars and vestal nuns ; 
 
 Or stoics, who, to bar the freaks 
 
 And loose excesses of the sex, 
 
 arms, and burnt oif one breast, leaving the other to suckle girls. 
 See an account of the Amazons, Diodor. Sicul. Rer. Antiquar. 
 lib. iii. cap. xi. ; Justini Hist. lib. ii. cap. iv.; Chronicer. Regionis, 
 &c. lib. ii. ; Pistorii Hist. Scriptor. Germanicor. vol. i. p. 65 j 
 Naucleri Chronograph, vol. i. generat. xvi ; SheringhamdeGentia 
 Anglorum Origine, p. 377, 379, 380 ; Sir John Mandeville's 
 Voyage, &c. p. 186; Sandys's note upon Ovid's Metamorph.b.9. 
 
 . 821, 822, 823, 824. Or StotcSy who, to bar the freaks Jnd 
 N 2 toose
 
 180 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Prepost'rously would have all women 
 Turned up to all the world in common. 
 
 825 Though men would find such mortal feuds 
 In sharing of their public goods, 
 'T would put them to more charge of lives, 
 Than they're supply'd with now by wives ; 
 Until they graze, and wear their cloaths, 
 
 830 As beasts do, of their native growths : 
 For simple wearing of their horns 
 Will not suffice to serve their turns. 
 For what can we pretend t' inherit, 
 Unless the marriage deed will bear it ? 
 
 835 Could claim no right to lands or rents, . 
 But for our parentis settlements ; 
 Had been but younger sons o* th' earth, 
 Debarr'd it all, but for our birth. 
 What honours, or estates of peers, 
 
 840 Could be preserv'd but by their heirs ; 
 And what security maintams 
 Their right and title, but the banes ? 
 
 loose excesses of the sex., Prcposfrovclf/ roovld have all rsomen 
 Turn' d up to all the world in common.'] Of this opinion was Plata 
 in his Politics ; for which Piimeauday animadverts upon him, 
 French Academy, 1602, p. 462. Diodorus Siculus makes men- 
 tion of certain islanders who put this opinion in practice (Rer. 
 Antiquar. lib. iii. cap. xiii.) " Mulieres minime nubunt, sed om- 
 nibus sunt communes Et talem morcm apud Calecutios adhuc 
 esse, scribit Munster, Cosmograpb. lib. v. Sic et apud Tyrrhe- 
 nos communia conjugia fuere, referonte Theopompo, &c. Et 
 quorum liberi ex communi fisco nutriebantur." Facet. Face- 
 tiar. Fascicul. Nov. de Ilanreitate, xi. p. 433, 434 This was 
 the custom amongst the ancient Britons, Caesaris Comment, do 
 Bello Gallico, lib. v. 14. 4. " Uxores habent dcni, duodenique 
 V \ inter
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. Wl 
 
 What crowns could be hereditary, 
 If greatest monarchs did not marry ? 
 
 845 And with their consorts consummate 
 Their weightiest interests of the state ? 
 For all the amours of princes are 
 But guarantees of peace or war. 
 Or what but marriage has a charm, 
 
 850 The rage of empires to disarm ? 
 Make blood and desolation cease, 
 And fire and sword unite in peace, 
 When all their fierce contests for forage 
 Conclude in articles of marriage ? 
 
 855 Nor does the genial bed provide 
 Less for the interests of the bride ; 
 Who else had not the least pretence 
 T' as much as due benevolence ; 
 Could no more title take upon her 
 
 860 To virtue, quality, and honour, 
 Than ladies errant unconfin'd 
 And feme-coverts to all mankind. 
 
 inter se communes. Sed si qui sunt ex his nati, eorum habentur 
 liberi, a quibus primum virgines quaeque ductae sunt." 
 
 See Purchas's description of lambuli Insula, vol. i. lib. i. 
 cap. viii. p. 80 ; and at Cochin, where wives are in common, 
 Le Blanc's Travels, part i. p, 62. 
 
 V. 831, 832. For simple wearing of their hortis Will noi suffice 
 to serve their turns.^ See Sir Francis Bacon's Apophthegms, No. 
 81. Resuscitatio, 3d edit, p. 233. 
 
 V. 842 banes.^ See Banns. Godolphin*s Repertori.ura 
 
 Canonicum, chap, xxxiii. p. 465. 
 
 V. 848. guarantees.'] See Bailey, and other etymologi- 
 cal dictionaries. 
 
 N 3 T. 865.
 
 1 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 All women would be of one piece, 
 The virtuous matron, and the miss ; 
 
 865 The nymphs of chaste Diana's train. 
 The same with those in Lewkner's-lane ; 
 But for the difference marriage makes 
 'Twixt wives and ladies of the lakes : 
 Besides the joys of place and birth, 
 
 870 The sexes* paradise on earth ; 
 A privilege so sacred held, 
 That none will to their mothers yield ; 
 But, rather than not go before. 
 Abandon heaven at the door. 
 
 875 And if th' indulgent law allows 
 
 T. 865. The nymphs of chaste Diana's train.'] *Diana's 
 -nymphs, all of whom vowed perpetual virginity, and were much 
 celebrated for the exact observation of their vow. 
 
 v. 866. Lewhter^s-lane.l *Some years ago swarmed with no- 
 toriously lascivious and profligate strumpets. 
 
 V. 868. ^ Twixt wives and ladies of the lakes.] Meaning the 
 stews, and alluding to the old romance of Sir Lancelot and the 
 Lady of the Lake. (Mr. W.) 
 
 V. 869, 870. Besides the joys of place arid birth, The sexes' 
 paradise on earth.] The passion for precedency among the ladies 
 is too violent and visible to be disputed. Mr. Pope has sati- 
 rized it in his Rape of the Lock : 
 
 *' First Ariel perch'd upon a matadore, 
 
 Then each according to the rank they bore : 
 
 For Sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, 
 
 Are, as when women, wondrous fond of place." (Mr. B.) 
 
 Timothy Treatall was indicted in the Tatlcr's Court of Ho. 
 hour, see No. 262, by several ladies of his sister's acquaintance, 
 for a very rude affront offered them at an entertainment to 
 which he had invited them ; when he, the said Mr, Treatall, up- 
 on serving up the supper, desired the ladies to take place ac- 
 cording to their different ages and seniority, for that it was the 
 way at his table to pay respect to years. This indictment sets 
 
 forth,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 13 
 
 A greater freedom to the spouse, 
 
 The reason is because the wife 
 
 Runs greater hazards of her life ; 
 
 Is trusted with the form and matter 
 880 Of all mankind, by careful Nature. 
 
 Where man brings nothing but the stuff 
 
 She frames the wond'rous fabric of; 
 
 Who, therefore, in a streight, may freely 
 
 Demand the clergy of her belly, 
 885 And make it save her the same way 
 
 It seldom misses to betray, 
 ' Unless both parties wisely enter 
 
 Into the liturgy indenture. 
 
 forth, that this behaviour produced an unspeakable confusioa 
 in the company. The author of a book, entitled, the Devil 
 upon two Sticks, (6th edit, parti, p. 237,) observes, " That the 
 wife of the treasurer-general of the council of the Indies run 
 mad with vexation, at being obliged to turn her coach in a nar- 
 row street, to make way for that of the Duchess of Medina 
 Coeli." See Dr. Harris's Astronomical Dialogues, 2d edit, p, 
 19. 
 
 T. 884. Demand the clergy of her belly.'] This was and is 
 allowed to criminals with child. See Wood's Institute of the 
 Laws of England, p. 662. It was a privilege allowed by the 
 Egyptians and other nations, who thought it a hardship to de- 
 stroy the innocent child with the guilty mother. Vide Diodori 
 Sicuii Rer. Antiquar. lib. ii. cap. iii. De Legibus et Judiciis 
 ^gyptiorum. 
 
 V. 888. Into the liturgy indenture'] The generality of the 
 Presbyterians were then married in the manner enjoined by the 
 Directory, and not by the Liturgy, though there were some few 
 Instances to the contrary ; and, among these, Mr. Stephen Mar- 
 shall (who was a zealot, and had a chief hand in compiling the 
 Directory,) did marry his own daughter by the form prescribed 
 *in the Common Prayer, being unwilling to have his daughter 
 returned to him as a whore, for want of a legal marriage, the 
 
 N 4 statute
 
 184 nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And though some fits of small contest 
 890 Sometimes fall out among the best ; 
 That is no more than every lover 
 Does from his hackuey-lady suffer : 
 That makes no breach of faith and love, 
 But rather (sometimes) serves t' improve. 
 895 For, as in running, every pace 
 Is but between two legs a race, 
 In which both do thei-r uttermost 
 To get before, and win the post ; 
 Yet when they're at their race's ends, 
 900 They're still as kind and constant friends. 
 
 statute establishing the Liturgy not being repealed ; and having 
 50 done, he paid down fire pounds immediately to the church- 
 wardens of the parish, as the fine or forfeiture for using any 
 other form of marriage but that in the Directory. Heylin's 
 Examcn Historicum, p. 36 1 ; Walker's History of Indepen- 
 dency, part i. p. 80 ; Sir John Birkenhead seems to sneer such 
 kind of marriiigos, Paul's Church-yard, cent. i. class, iii. sect. 
 42. " Liber crassus tres pollices ; A Catalogue of such Wo- 
 men as are not Wives, Maids, nor Widows, being married with- 
 out either law or liturgy, some by a Directory, and some by 
 nothing." 
 
 By an ordinance of August 1653, chap. vi. (Schobel's CoUcc- 
 tions, 2d part, p. 236, it was enacted, " That all persons in- 
 tending to be married shall come before some justice of the 
 peace within and of the same county, city, or town corporate, 
 where publication shall be made as aforesaid, and shall bring a 
 certificate of the said publication (in church or chapel, or, if 
 the parties so to be married shall desire it, in the market-placft 
 next to the said church or chapel, on three market days, on 
 three sevcralwceks ensuing,) and shall make sufficient proof of 
 the consent of their parents and guardians, if either of the said 
 parties is under the age of one and twenty years ; and the said 
 justice shall examine, by witnesses upon oath, or otherwise, as he 
 shall see cause, concerning the due performance of the premises ; 
 and if there appear no reasonable cause to the contrary, the 
 marriage shall proceed in this manner : The man to be married^ 
 taking the woman to be married by the hand, shall plainly and 
 
 distinctly
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. ISS 
 
 And,' to relieve their weariness, 
 
 By turns give one another ease : 
 
 So all those false alarms of strife, 
 
 Between the husband and the wife, 
 905 And little quarrels, often prove 
 
 To be but new recruits of love : 
 
 When those wh' are always kind or coy, 
 
 In time must either tire or cloy. 
 
 Nor are their loudest clamours more, 
 910 Than as they're relish'd, sweet or sour: 
 
 Like music, that proves bad, or good, 
 
 distinctly pronounce these words : " T, A. B. do, in the prc- 
 lence of God, the searcher of all hearts, take thee C. D. for my 
 wedded wife, and do also, in the presence of God, and before 
 these witnesses, promise to be unto thee a loving and faithful 
 husband." 
 
 The woman promises, in the same form, to be a loving, faith- 
 ful, and obedient wife. 
 
 " And it is further enacted, That the man and woman having 
 made sufficient proof of the consent of their parents or guar- 
 dians, and expressed their consent unto marriage, in the manner 
 and by the words aforesaid, before such justice of the peace, in 
 the presence of two or more credible witnesses, the said justice 
 of the peace may and shall declare the said man and woman to 
 be thenceforth husband and wife ; and the marriage shall be good 
 and effectual in law : and no other marriage whatsoever, withia 
 the commonwealth of England, after the 29th of September, 
 1653, shall be held or accounted a marriage according to the 
 laws of England." 
 
 v. 905, 9G6. J?i(] iittle quarrels often prove To be but neu 
 .recruits of love. '] " Amantium irae amoris integratio est." Te- 
 rentii Andr. iii. 23. 
 
 " In amore haic omnia insunt vitia ; injuriae, suspiciones, 
 Inimicitia^, iuducia;, bellum, pax rursum." 
 
 Terentii Eunuch. 
 " Sometimes my plague, sometimes my darling. 
 Kissing to-day, to-morrow snarling." 
 
 Prior. See Guardian, No. 73. 
 
 V. 935.
 
 IW HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 According as 'tis understood. 
 
 In all amours a lover burns, 
 
 With frowns, as well as smiles, by turns ; 
 915 And hearts have been as oft with sullen, 
 
 As charming looks, surpris'd and stolen; 
 
 Then why should more bewitching clamour 
 
 Some lovers not as much enamour ? 
 
 For discords make the sweetest airs, 
 520 And curses are a kind of prayers ; 
 
 Too slight alloys, for all those grand 
 
 Felicities by marriage gain'd. 
 
 For nothing else has power to settle 
 
 Th' interests of love perpetual ; 
 925 An act and deed, that makes one heart 
 
 Become another's counter-part, 
 
 And passes fines on faith and love, 
 
 Enroird and register'd above. 
 
 To seal the slippery knots of vows, 
 930 Which nothing else but death can loose. 
 
 And what security *s too strong, 
 
 T. 935. ^iul lili an Anchoret, &c.] Anchorets were ancient 
 monks, who retired from soeiety, and lived in private cells; 
 such were Paul, Anthony, and Hilarian, the first founders of 
 the monastic life in Egypt and Palestine. See a larger account, 
 Bingham's Antiquities of the Christian Church, book vii. eh. ii. 
 vol. iii. p. 13. 
 
 T. 954. As sucking children are hy elves."] Some are of opinion 
 that fairies (called elves by Chaucer, Spenser, and other writers, 
 as Sheringham de Gentis Anglor. Orig. cap. iv. p. 320, 326 ; 
 Skinneri Lcxic. Etymologic, sub voce Elf) change children in 
 their cradles, and lay others in their stead. To which Spenser 
 alludes, Faery Queen, book i. canto x. stan. xxxv. toI. i. p. 
 138. 
 
 For
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 17 
 
 To guard that gentle heart from wrong, 
 That to its fiiend is glad to pass 
 Itself away, and all it has : 
 
 935 And like an Anchoret gives over 
 This world for th' heaven of a lover ? 
 
 I grant (quoth she) there are some few 
 Who take that course, and find it true : 
 But millions whom the same does sentence 
 
 940 To heaven, b' another way, repentance. 
 Love's arrows are but shot at rovers, 
 Though all they hit, they turn to lovers, 
 And all the weighty consequents 
 Depend upon more blind events, 
 
 94:5 Than gamesters, when they play a set 
 With greatest cunning at piquet, 
 Put out with caution, but take in 
 They know not what, unsight, unseen. 
 For what do lovers, when they're fast 
 
 950 In one another's arms embrac'd, 
 But strive to plunder, and convey 
 Each other, like a prize, away ? 
 To change the property of selves, 
 As sucking children are by elves ? 
 
 " For well I wote thou spring'st from ancient race 
 Of Saxon kings, that have with mighty hand 
 And many bloody battles, fought in place, 
 
 High lear'd their royal throne in Britain land, 
 And yanquish'd them, unable to withstand : 
 From thence a fairy thee unweeting reft, 
 There, as thou slept, in tender swaddling band, 
 And her base elfin brood there for thee left ; 
 Such men do changelings call, so changed by fairy theft." 
 
 Thus Henry IV, speaking of Prince Heary his son, to the 
 
 Eari
 
 118 irUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 S55 And if they use tlicir persons so, 
 
 What will they to their fortunes do ? 
 Their fortunes ! the perpetual aims 
 Of all their ecstasies and flames. 
 For when the money's on the book, 
 
 S60 And all my "dcorldly goods but spoke, 
 (The formal livery and seisin 
 That puts a lover in possession) 
 To that alone the bridegroom's wedded, 
 The bride a flam, that's superseded. 
 
 Earl of Northumberland, whose son was hopeful, Shakespeare's 
 first part of Henry IV. act i. vol. in. p. 346. 
 
 *' . Oh could it be prov'd 
 
 That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged 
 In cradle clothes our children where they lay, 
 
 And caird mine Pierry, his Plantagenet,- 
 
 Then would I have his Harry, and he mine." 
 
 See Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, act ii. Works, 
 vol. i. p. 81 ; Ben Jonson's Underwood, Works, vol. i. p. 208; 
 Warner's Albion's England, book xiv. chap. xci. p. 368. 
 
 Nay some hare thought, that the devil takes children out of 
 the cradle, and lays children of his own in their place. Luther 
 was of this opinion : For in his Mensalia, or Table Talk, eh. 
 XXXV. p. 387, he says, " Such changelings supponit Satan in lo- 
 cum Terorum filiorum : One of these more fouleth itself than 
 ten other children : so that their parents are much disquieted 
 therewith, and their mothers arc able to give suck no more." 
 This is hinted at by the author of Amadis de Gaul, third book, 
 chap. X. p. 99, in his romantic account of Andriagus, slain by 
 Amadis, mHo was a monster of the devil's begetting, and sucked 
 out the heart's blood of three nurses in a few days. 
 
 The author of the Devil upon two Sticks merrily banters this 
 opinion, in the characters of Asmodeo and Senior Divito, Twin- 
 brothers, part i. chaj). iii. p. 19. Mr. Glanvil seems to give in 
 to the o])iiiion of the devil's^bcgctting children, from Dr. ilor- 
 neck's account of some witches condemned in Sweden 1609. 
 See Saddncisnius Triumphatus, part ii. p. 322. But Wierus has 
 exposed this opinion, De Pra?stig. Daemon, lib. i. cap. xxiv. p. 
 129, lib. iii. cap. xx. p. 322; and Scot, Discovery of Witchcraft, 
 
 book
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 180 
 
 965 To that their faith is still made good, 
 And all the oaths to us they vow*d : 
 For, when we once resign our powers, 
 W have nothing left wx can call oui*s : 
 Our money's now become the miss 
 
 970 Of all your lives and services ; 
 And we forsaken and postpon'd, 
 But bawds to what before we own'd ; 
 Which, as it made y' at first gallant us, 
 
 book iv. chap. ii. p. 74, &c. chap, x, p. 85. See this point dis- 
 cussed, torn. xi. Malleor. Maleficar. 1588, p. 84; Public Li- 
 brary, Cambridge, K. 16, 24. 
 
 V. 959. For xcJun the nH)ney''s on the book.'] Alluding to the 
 minister's and clerk's fees, which are ordered by the Rubric to 
 be laid upon the book (though now rarely practised) Avith the 
 wedding ring. Before the time of Pope Innocent III. (se 
 Marriage, Jacob's Law Dictionary,) " there was no solemniza- 
 tion of marriage in the church, but the man came to the house 
 where the woman inhabited, and led her home to his own house, 
 which was all the ceremony then used." 
 
 V. 960. And all my worldly goods hut spoke.'] See Mr. 
 "Wheatley's Rational Illustration of the Common Prayer, folio 
 edit. p. 407, 410. 
 
 V. 985, 986. Who takes it for a special grace, To be their 
 cully for a space.] Sir Roger L'Estrange (Fables, part i. fab, 
 308, A wicked Man andthe Devil) makes mention of a notorious 
 wicked malefactor, who had committed 1 know not how many 
 illanies, and had run through the discipline of so many gaols, 
 who made a friend of the devil to help him out in all his dis- 
 tresses. This friend of his brought him otf many and many a 
 time, and still, as he was taken up again and again, he had his 
 recourse over and over to the same devil for succour ; but, upon 
 his last summons, the devil came to him with a great bag of old 
 shoes at his back, and told him plainly, " Friend," says he, *' I 
 am at the end of my line, and can help you no longer; I hare 
 beat the hoof, till I have worn out all these shoes in your ser- 
 Fice, and not one penny left me to buy more ; so that you must- 
 ,ven excuse me if I drop you here." 
 
 t, 887,
 
 100 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 So now hires others to supplant us, 
 
 975 Until 'tis all turn'd out of doors, 
 (As we had been) for new amours. 
 For what did ever heiress yet, 
 By being born to lordships, get ? 
 When, the more lady sh* is of manors, 
 
 980 She's but expos'd to more trepanners. 
 Pays for their projects and designs, 
 And for her own destruction fines : 
 And does but tempt them with her riches. 
 To use her as the devil does witches * 
 
 985 Who takes it for a special grace. 
 To be their cully for a space, 
 That, when the time's expired, the drazels 
 For ever may become his vassals : 
 So she, bewitch'd by rooks and spirits, 
 
 990 Betrays herself, and all sh* inherits ; 
 Is bought and sold, like stolen goods, 
 By pimps, and match-makers, and bawds, 
 Until they force her to convey. 
 And steal the thief himself away. 
 
 ^95 These are the everlasting fruits 
 Of all your passionate love-suits, 
 Th' effects of all your amorous fancies. 
 To portions and inheritances ; 
 Your love-sick rapture, for fruition 
 
 T. 987. the drazels.'] A word used by Warner, ia 
 
 his Albion's England, book ix. chap, xlvii. p. 201. 
 
 .*' Now dwells each drossel in her glass, when I was young I wot 
 On hollydays, (for seldom else) such idle times we got." 
 
 T. lOlO,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 191 
 
 1000 Of dowry, jointure, and tuition, 
 
 To which you make address and courtship. 
 And with your bodies strive to worship. 
 That th' infant's fortunes may partake 
 Of love too for the mother's sake. 
 
 1005 For these you play at purposes. 
 
 And love your loves with A*s and B's ; 
 For these, at beste and I ombre woo. 
 And play for love and money too ; 
 Strive who shall be the ablest maa 
 
 1010 At right gallanting of a fan ; 
 
 And who the most genteelly bred 
 
 At sucking of a vizard-bead ; 
 
 How best t' accost us, in all quarters, 
 
 T* our question and command new garters ; 
 
 1015 And solidly discourse upon 
 
 All sorts of dresses, pro and con. 
 For there's no mystery nor trade 
 But in the art of love is made. 
 And when you have more debts to pay 
 
 100 Than Michaelmas and Lady-Day, 
 And no way possible to do *t 
 But love and oaths, and restless suit, 
 To us y' apply, to pay the scores 
 Of all your cully'd past amours ; 
 
 1025 Act o'er your flames and darts again. 
 
 V. 1010. At right gallantmg of a fan.'] See the exercise of 
 the fan humoroHsly described by Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq. Tatler, 
 No. 102. At Bologna in Italy, where it is extremely hot, it i< 
 a custom for the men to use fansy as well as the womn. Mis- 
 son's Voyages, vol* ii. ). 20<3* 
 
 ?. 1035.
 
 m IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And charge us with your wounds and paiu ; 
 
 Which others influences long since 
 
 Have chann'd your noses with, and shins ; 
 
 For which the surgeon is unpaid, 
 1030 And hke to he, without our aid. 
 
 Lord ! what an amorous tiling is want ! 
 
 How debts and mortgages enchant ! 
 
 What graces must that lady have, 
 
 That can from executions save ! 
 1035 What charms, that can reverse extent, 
 
 And null decree and exigent ! 
 
 What magical attracts, and graces. 
 
 That can redeem from scire facias ! 
 
 From bonds and statutes can discharge, 
 1040 And from contempts of courts enlarge ! 
 
 These are the hi";hest excellencies 
 
 &' 
 
 V. 1035. extcnt.~\ A writ of commission from the 
 
 sheriffs, for valuing lands and tenements. 
 
 T. 1036. And null decree and exigent.'] Exigent, a writ I)'ing 
 where the defendant, in an action personal, cannot be found, or 
 any thing in the county whereby he may be attached or dis- 
 trained. 
 
 T. 1038, scire facias.] A writ, calling one to shew, 
 
 why judgment passed at least, a year, should not be executed. 
 
 Y. 1043, 1044. and swear., As much t' an hostess 
 
 dowager.] Sir Roger L' Estrange, (fable of a Cavalier and Court 
 Lady, part ii. fab. 34,) in banter of such flights, observes, 
 *' That a Cavalier had a fine woman in his eye, and could not 
 forbear telling her that she was wondrous pretty. " Sir," says 
 flie lady, " I thank you for your good opinion ; and I wish, 
 with all my heart, I could say as much of you too." " Why 
 so you might, madam," says the gentleman, " if you made no 
 more conscience of a lie than I do." See Chaucer's poem, en. 
 titled, A Praise of Women, edit. 1602, fol. 261 ; Sir William 
 Cornwalley's Kssay 24. Of Fantasticness, edit. 1610. 
 
 . 1045,
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 193 
 
 Of all your true or false pretences : 
 And you woukl damn yourselves and swear 
 As much t* an hostess dowager, 
 
 1045 Grown fat and pursy by retail 
 Of pots of beer and bottled ale ; 
 And find her fitter for your turn, 
 For fat is wondrous apt to burn ; 
 Who at your flames would soon take fire, 
 
 1050 Relent, and melt to your desire, 
 And, like a candle in the socket; 
 Dissolve her graces int' your pocket. 
 
 By this time 'twas grown dark and late, 
 When they heard a knocking at the gate, 
 
 1055 Laid on in haste with such a powder. 
 The blows grew louder still and louder ; 
 W^hich Hudibras, as if th' had been 
 
 T. 1045, 1046. Grown fat and pursy hi/ retail Of pots of 
 beer and bottled ale.'] See Warner's description of a hostess, 
 Albion's England, book xv. chap. xcix. p. 391, 392. 
 
 V. 1053, 10.51. Fuj this time ^i'das groxvn dark and late, 
 When they heard a knocking at the gate.'] Two days were but 
 yet passed since the beghining of these adventures. We are 
 now entering into the night wherein happened the most remark- 
 able action in the whole poem. Mr. Butler, in this piece of 
 management, imitated Homer and Virgil, who are equally cele- 
 brated for their night adventures. But who are the persons that 
 knock at the gate ? Probably two of the lady's own servants : 
 For as she and Ralpho (who all the time lay in ambuscade) had 
 been descanting on the Knight's villanies, so they had undoubt- 
 edly laid this scheme to be revenged of him : The servants were 
 disguised, and acted in a bold and hectoring manner, pursuant 
 to the instruction given them by the widow. See Canto iii. v. 
 83, The Knight was to be made believe they were Sidrophel 
 and Whachum, which made his fright and consternation so 
 great, that avc find him falling into a swoon. (Mr. B.) 
 
 Vol. II. O V. 1076.
 
 194 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Bestow'd as freely on his skin, 
 Expounding by his inward hght, 
 
 1060 Or rather more prophetic fright, 
 To be the wizard, come to search, 
 And take him napping in the lurch, 
 Tum'd pale as ashes, or a clout ; 
 But why, or wherefore, is a doubt : 
 
 1055 For men will tremble, and turn paler, 
 With too much or too little valour. 
 His heart laid on, as if it try'd 
 To force a passage through his side, 
 Impatient (as he vow'd) to wait 'em ; 
 
 1070 But in a fury to fly at 'em ; 
 
 And therefore beat and laid about, 
 To find a cranny to creep out. 
 But she, who saw in what a taking 
 The Knight was, by his furious quaking, 
 
 1075 Undaunted cry'd, Courage, Sir Knight;, 
 Know, I'm resolv'd to break no rite 
 Of hospitality t' a stranger. 
 But, to secure you out of danger, 
 Will here myself stand centinel, 
 
 108O To guard this pass, 'gainst Sidrophel. 
 
 V. 1076, 1077. Know, I'm resolved to break o rife Of hos- 
 
 jpitality.- ] See the great regard some of the ancients 
 
 paid to the laws of hospitality, Diodori Siculi Bibliothec. lib. 
 xii. p. 293. Vide etiam Gul. Stuckii Antiqu. Convivial, lib. i. 
 cap. xxvii. p. 81 and 9Q^ edit. Tigiiri 1582 ; Lewis's History of 
 the Parthian Empire, p. 203, 204, 230. Peter the Great, late czar 
 of Muscovy, behaved gallantly in this respect. He being desired 
 by the Turks, in order to a peace, to deliver up Prince Cantemir, 
 who was then under his protection, his answer Avas, " That Kc 
 wtuld resign all the country as far as Curska to the Turk, since 
 I there
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. . 195 
 
 Women, you know, do seldom fail 
 
 To make the stoutest men turn tail ; 
 
 And bravely scorn to turn their backs 
 
 Upon the desp'ratest attacks. 
 1085 At this the Knight grew resolute 
 
 As Ironside, or Hardiknute ; 
 
 His fortitude began to rally. 
 
 And out he cry'd aloud to sally. 
 
 But she besought him to convey 
 1090 His courage rather out o* th* way, 
 
 And lodge in ambush on the floor, 
 
 Or fortify'd behind a door ; 
 
 That, if the enemy should enter, 
 
 He might relieve her in the adventure. 
 1095 Meanwhile they knocked against the door 
 
 As fierce as at the gate before ; 
 
 "Which made the renegado Knight 
 
 Relapse again t* his former fright. 
 
 He thought it desperate to stay 
 i 100 Till th' enemy had forc'd his way, 
 
 But rather post himself, to serve 
 
 The Lady, for a fresh reserve. 
 
 His duty was not to dispute, 
 
 there was hopes of recovering it again, but would by no means 
 violate his faith to a prince, who had abandoned his principality 
 for his sake ; because it was impossible to repair honour once for- 
 feited." See Prince Cantemir's Growth of the Othman Empire, 
 p. 453. 
 
 V. 1086. As Ironside f or Hardiknute, Sec.'] * Two famous and 
 valiant princes of this country, the one a Saxon, the other a 
 Dane. 
 
 2 T. ll.'^l..
 
 196 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 But what sh' had order'cl execute : 
 
 1 105 Which he resoh'd in haste t'obey, 
 
 And therefore stoutly march'd awa3' ; 
 And all Ji' encountered fell upon, 
 Though in the dark, and all alone : 
 Till fear, that braver feats performs, 
 
 1110 Than ever courage dar'd in arms, 
 Had drawn him up before a ])ass, 
 To stand upon his guard, and face, 
 This he courageously invaded, 
 And, having enter'd, barricado'd ; 
 
 1115 Ensconc'd himself as formidable 
 As could be underneath a table ; 
 Where he lay down in ambush close, 
 T' expect th' arrival of his foes. 
 Few minutes he had lain perdue, 
 
 1 120 To guard his desp'rate avenue. 
 Before he heard a dreadful shout, 
 As loud as putting to the rout.; 
 With which impatiently alarm 'd, 
 
 V. 1131. But those that trade iii gtomaitcy, &c.] Gcomantia, 
 sorcery by circles and pricks in the earth. (JNIr. S. W.) Vide 
 Wieri do Prsestig. Da;mon. lib. ii. cap. xv. p. 206 ; Jo. Fra. 
 Pici Mirandulai Op. torn. ii. passim ; Tract of Henry Cornelius 
 Agrippa of Geomancy. 
 
 v. 1 1 32, 11 33. yf//'r"' '^ ^>^ i^^^ strength off ana/, In ich ich the 
 Lap/and Magi dcal.^ * The Lapland Magi. The Laplanrlers arc 
 an idolatrous people, far north ; and it is very credibly reported 
 by authors, and persons that have travelled in their country, 
 that they do perform things incredible by what is vulgarly cal- 
 bd magic. Scheffer observes of them f History of Lapland, 
 
 Sro.
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 197 
 
 He fancy'd th' enemy had storm'd; 
 
 1125 And, after ent'iing*, Sidrophel 
 
 Was fallen upon the guards pell-mell. 
 He therefore sent out all his senses, 
 To bring him in intelligences ; 
 Which vulgars, out of ignorance, 
 
 1130 Mistake, for falling in a trance; 
 But those that trade in geomancy. 
 Affirm to be the strength of fancy,. 
 In which the Lapland Magi deal. 
 And things incredible reveal. 
 
 1135 Mean while the foe beat up his quarters, 
 And storm'd the outworks of his fortress : 
 And as another of the same 
 Degree and party, in arms and fame, 
 That in the same cause had engag'd, 
 
 1140 And war with equal conduct wag'd. 
 By vent* ring only but to thrust 
 His head a span beyond his post,. 
 B'a Gen'ral of the Cavaliers 
 Was dragged thro' a window by th* ears ; 
 
 8vo. 1704, p. 143, &c.) that they often fall into trances, in> 
 \vhich they continue for some time, and then pretend to fore-, 
 tel things very surprising. 
 
 V. 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1143,1143, 1144. Andai 
 
 another of the same Degree and party, in arms and fame. That 
 ill the same cause had eiigag'd^ "And war with equal conduct -wag'd 
 By venV ring ojdy but to thrust His head a span beyond his 
 post, JS' a General of the Cavaliers, I'Vas dragg''d thro' a win-K 
 
 do'io by th'' ears.} This was Sir Erasmus P, of P n Castle in 
 
 Pembrokeshire, who was so served by Colonel Egerton. Mr. 
 Walter Moyle alludes to it in his works, published by himself 
 
 O 3 1695
 
 X98 nUDIBRAS, PahtIII, 
 
 1145 So he was seiv'd in his redoubt, 
 And by the other end puU'd out. 
 
 Soon as they. had him at their mercy, 
 They put him to the cudgel fiercely, 
 As if they scorn'd to trade or barter, 
 1 150 By giving or by taking quarter ; 
 They stoutly on his quarters laid, 
 Until his scouts came in t' his aid. 
 For when a man is past his sense, 
 
 1695, and reprinted 1727, p. 241, &c. where, in a letter pro- 
 bably to Mr. Anthony Hammond, he wishes that Sir Erasmus's 
 son, Sir J. P. a great reformer in King Charles II. 's time, might 
 be served in the same manner: " Can you contrive no way in 
 the earth to rid the house of his ghostly authority ? Cannot you 
 serve him as his father was served by a general of the Cavaliers ? 
 If you never heard the story, Hudibras will tell it you. 
 
 And as another of the same 
 Degree and party , &c. 
 
 Betty Mackrell, or some other discreet bawd, should demand a 
 conference with him in the lobby, lug him out by the ears, and 
 send him upon a mission to the West Indies, to preach his morals 
 to Father Hennepin's nations, who are not civilized into lewd- 
 ness, nor wise enough to be wicked : On this side the globe he 
 will make no converts, but such as his namesake in the Acts 
 made eunuchs." The manner of doing it (as communicated to 
 jne by the worthy and very ingenious Mr. 1). W y. Fellow 
 of Queen's College in Cambridge, from that great cncourager of 
 learning, and humane physician, Dr. R. M. Avho for many years 
 has been deservedly ranked at (he head of his profession) was as 
 follows : The officer of the Cavaliers sent against the castle sum- 
 moned Sir Erasmus to surrender it ; he refused, but offered to 
 parley from a window which was not very high from the ground ; 
 He was a little man, and the commanding officer of the Cavaliers 
 lusty and tall : The officer observing this, came just under the 
 window ; and pretending he was deaf, desired Sir Erasmus to 
 lean as forward as he could out of the window : Upon his doing 
 so, the officer, who was on horseback, raised himself upon his 
 stirrups, seized him by the shoulders, and pulled him out ; upon 
 which the castle was surrendered. 
 
 v. 1147^
 
 >(. X f)ff* ^J. 
 
 ftait 14- 
 
 Mi^ariK" Jiei 
 
 fuh/L/lcil fy i:,;i,i,- kJTocl,:\lP.'i,IHy Jh\.''lJ^S. 
 
 :r.i
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 199 
 
 There's no way to reduce him thence, 
 
 1155 But twinging him by th' ears or nose, 
 Or laying on of heavy blows ; 
 And if that will not do the deed, 
 . To burning with hot irons proceed. 
 No sooner was he come t' himself, 
 
 1160 But on his neck a sturdy elf 
 
 Clapp'd, in a trice, his cloven hoof, 
 And thus attack'd him with reproof: 
 
 T. 1147, 1148. Soon as they hadhim at their mercy, They put 
 him to the cudgel fiercely. '] In Mr. Butler's poem called Dunstable 
 Downs, or the Enchanted cave (Remains), there is as humorous 
 and drolling a scene of the Knight, in one of his unfortunate ex- 
 ploits, as this we are now entering upon. But, alas ! the poor 
 Squire is also involved in that ; and they are both severely 
 handled and frighted, and the Squire opens and fully discovers 
 the iniquitous actions and proceedings of the Knight in these 
 and all, his other adventures. . One of which, as we learn from 
 the said poem, was his procuring or pretending to have a grant 
 from the then usurping powers to inclose Dunstable Downs 
 Cwhere the neighbourhood had a right of commoning), on pre- 
 tence the same had been given to superstitious uses. The whola 
 poem is worthy of perusal, and gives us a near insight into our 
 Hero's character and principles. (Mr. B.) Sec the usage of Don 
 Quixote and Donna Rodriguez in the dark by the Dutchess and 
 some of her women, (Don Quixote, vol. iv. chap, xlviii. p. 487, 
 and chap. 1. p. 490) ; and the examination of Justice Aligripe, 
 by Lurcher and his companions personating furies, Night Walker, 
 act iv. 
 
 T. 1153. Forzchen a man is past Ms sense.^ See note upon Part 
 I. Canto ii. v. 074. 
 
 V. 1158. To burning with, &c.] * An allusion to cauterizing ia 
 apoplexies, &c. 
 
 V. 1 1 60, 1161. But on his neck a sturdy elf Clapp'd^ in a irice^ 
 his cloven hoof.^ 
 
 *' The beast at one end branded, you may trace 
 The devil's footsteps in his cloven face." 
 
 Cleveland's Hue and Cry after Sir John Presbyfer, p.40. 
 O 4 Nuriff'
 
 too IIUDIBRAS. Paiit III. 
 
 Mortal, thou art betray 'd to us 
 B' our friend, thy evil genius, 
 1 165 Who for thy horrid perjuries. 
 
 Thy breach of faith, and turning lies, 
 The brethren's privilege (against 
 The wicked) on themselves, the saints, 
 Has here thy wretched carcase sent, 
 1170 For just revenge and punishment; 
 
 Which thou hast now no way to lessen. 
 But by an open free confession ; 
 For, if we catch thee failing once, 
 'Twill fall the heavier on thy bones. 
 1 175 What made thee venture to betray, 
 And filch the Lady's heart away ? 
 
 To spirit her to matrimony ? 
 
 That which contracts all matches, money. 
 It was the enchantment. of her riches, 
 
 Nurse, in the Night Walker, or Little Thief, act ii. thus ex- 
 presses herself : 
 
 " Merry upon me ! 
 The ghost of one of his guards sure : 'tis the devil by his elaws, 
 he smells of brimstone, sure he farts fire ; liat an earthquake I 
 liavc in mc ! 
 
 Out with thy prayer-book, nurse 
 
 Let us call the butler up, for he speaks Latin ; and that will 
 daunt the devil ; I am blasted, my belly is grown to Jiothing.'' 
 
 ' A conceit there is (says Sir Thomas Browne, Vulgar Er- 
 rors, book V. chap. 21,) that the devil commonly appeareth with 
 a cloven hoof ; wherein, although it seem excessively ridiculous, 
 tiiere may be somewhat of truth, and the ground thereof at first 
 might be his frequent appearing in the shape of a goat, which 
 answers the description." " Saving the reputation of bt. Mie- 
 romeand Dr. Browne (says Mr. VVebster, Displaying of sup- 
 posed Witchcraft, chap. xv. p. 283), itis but a supposition un- 
 proved, that ever the devil appeared in the sha])e of a goat : 
 
 The
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 201 
 
 1 180 That made m* ajjply t' your croney witches ; 
 That in return would pay th* expence, 
 The wear and tear of conscience, 
 Which I could have patch'd up, and tuni*d, 
 For th' hundredth part of what I earn'd. 
 
 1 185 Didst thou not love her then ? Speak true. 
 No more (quoth he) than I love you. 
 
 How would'st th' have us'd her and her 
 First turned her up to alimony, [money ? 
 And laid her dow'ry out in law, i 
 
 1190 To null her jointure with a flaw, 
 Which I beforehand had agreed 
 T' have put, on purpose, in the deed ; 
 And bar her widow*s making over 
 T' a friend in trust, or private lover. 
 
 1 195 What made thee pick and chuse her out 
 
 T* einploy their sorceries about ? [those 
 
 That which makes gamesters play with 
 
 The rise of the opinion was only because the devil was worship- 
 ped in an idol made in the shape of a goat." 
 
 v. 1188. First turn'' d hcv up to aUmoiiy.'] Alimony is that allow- 
 ance which may be sued for by a married woman upon any occa- 
 sional separation from her liusband, when she is not charged 
 with adultery or elopement (Jacob's Law Dictionary ; Bailey s 
 Dictionary). Hudibras's usage of his mistress, in this case, 
 would not have been quite so bad as Stakeley's usage of his wife, 
 who being reprimanded by Queen Elizabeth for using her ill, he 
 told her majesty, " That lie had already turned her into her pet- 
 ticoat, and if any man could make more of her, they might take 
 her for him,'' (Earl of Staflbrd's Letters, vol. i. p. 380); and not 
 worse than the Christian liberty of the saints of those times, men- 
 tioned by Sir John Birkenhead (Paul's Church-yard, cent. i. 
 class iii. No. 50), " of shifting their wives, and, if not for their 
 turn, of turning them ofl', and taking new ones."- 
 
 Who
 
 202 HUDIBRAS. Part III, 
 
 "Who have least wit, and most to lose. 
 But didst thou scourge thy vessel thus, 
 1200 As thou hast damn'd thyself to us ? 
 I see you take me for an ass : 
 'Tis true I thought the trick would pass 
 Upon a woman well enough, 
 As *thas been often found by proof; 
 1205 Whose humours are not to be won 
 But when they are impos'd upon. 
 For love approves of all they do 
 That stand for candidates and woo. 
 
 Why didst thou forge those shameful lies, 
 1210 Of bears and witches in disguise? 
 
 That is no more than authors give 
 The rabble credit to beheve : 
 A trick of following their leaders, 
 To entertain their gentle readers. 
 1215 And we have now no other way 
 Of passing all we do or say ; 
 Which, when 'tis natural and true. 
 Will be believ'd b' a very few, 
 Beside the danger of offence, 
 1220 The fatal enemy of sense. 
 
 Why didst thou chuse that cursed sin, 
 Hypocrisy, to set up in ? 
 
 Because it is the thriving'st calling, 
 The only saints-bell that rings all in : 
 1225 In which all churches are concern'd, 
 And is the easiest to be learn 'd : 
 
 For
 
 Cant I. HUDIBRAS. 203 
 
 For no degrees, unless th'employ't. 
 Can ever gain much, or enjoy't. 
 A gift that is not only able 
 1230 To domineer among the rabble, 
 
 But by the laws empower'd to rout, 
 And awe the greatest that stand out : 
 Which few hold forth against, for fear 
 Their hands should slip and come too near ; 
 1235 For no sin else among the saints 
 Is taught so tenderly against. 
 
 What made thee break thy plighted vows ? 
 That which makes others break a house, 
 And hang, and scorn ye all, before 
 1240 Endure the plague of being poor. 
 
 Quoth he, I see you have more tricks 
 Than all our doating politics. 
 That are grown old, and out of fashion, 
 Compar'd with your new reformation : 
 1245 That we must come to school to you, 
 To leani your more reiin'd and new. 
 
 Quoth he, If you will give me leave 
 To tell you what I now perceive. 
 You'll find yourself an errant chouse 
 1250 Ify* were but at a meeting-house. 
 
 'Tis true, quoth he, we ne'er come there,. 
 Because w' have let 'em out by th' year. 
 
 Truly, quoth he, you can't imagine 
 What wondrous things they will engage in ;. 
 1255. That as your fellow-fiends in hell 
 
 Were^
 
 ^04 nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Were angels all before they fell ; 
 
 So you are like to be again, 
 
 Conipai'd with th'angelsof us men. 
 Quoth he, I am resolv'd to be 
 1 260 Thy scholar in this mystery ; 
 
 And therefore first desire to know 
 
 Some principles on which you go. 
 What makes a knave a child of God, 
 
 And one of us ? A livelihood. 
 1265 What renders beating out of brains, 
 
 And murder, godliness ? Great gains. 
 What's tender conscience? 'Tis a botch 
 
 That will not bear the gentlest touch ; 
 
 J3ut, breaking out, dispatches more 
 1270 Than th' epidemical'st plague-sore. 
 
 What makes y' incroach upon our trade, 
 
 V. 12f)3. Ulial matccs a Joiatc a child of God.'] This is a ridi- 
 cule on the numerous pamphlets published in those times under 
 the name and form of catechisms. Chcyncl's Profane Cate- 
 chism, lleylin's Rebel's Catechism, Watson's Cavalier's Catc- 
 chism, Uam's Soldier's Catechism- Parker's polftical Catechism, 
 &c. (Mr. \V.) 
 
 V. 1269, 1270. But birahiiig out, dispatches wore Than tW 
 cpidcwicaPst p/agiic-sorc.'] Alluding either to the terrible plague 
 in (he reign of King Chiirles I. (see Lilly's Life), or that in 1605, 
 in which there died in London 08,586. See Dr. Calamy's Con- 
 tinuation, &c. p. o3 ; Impartial examination of Mr. Neale's 4th 
 vol. of the History of the J'uritans, p. 3 45. 
 
 V. 1^73. Ulinrs orthodox and tntc hclicviiig?'] Sec this explain, 
 ed, Sir R.L'Kstrange's Rellection on the Fable of the Hermit and 
 Soldier, j)art i. fab. 38; Impartial Kxamiiiation of Mr. Neale's 
 4th vol. of the History of the Puritans, p. 325, note, ibid.p,3 48. 
 
 '^,1287, I28S, Aud XKhat xcould serve, if those urre gone, To 
 ' ' make
 
 Caxto I. IIUDIBRAS. 205 
 
 And damn all others ? To be paid. 
 What's orthodox and true believing 
 Against a conscience ? A good living. 
 1275 What makes rebelling against kings 
 A good old cause ? Administ" rings. 
 
 What makes all doctrine plain and clear ? 
 About t\v^o hundred pounds a year. 
 
 And that which was prov'd true before, 
 1280 Prove false again ? Two hundred more. 
 What makes the breaking of all oaths 
 A holy duty ? Food and clothes. 
 
 What laws and freedom, persecution ? 
 B'ing out of power, and contribution. 
 1285 What makes a church a den of thieves ? 
 A dean and chapter and white sleeves. 
 
 And what would serve, if those were gone, 
 To make it orthodox ? Our own. 
 
 make it orthodox ? Our own.~\ To prove by what arts and shifts 
 this was done, give mc leave to quote part of a smart satire, 
 printed 1659, entitled, Peter's Pattern, or the perfect Path to 
 Worldly happiness, as delivered at the funeral oration of Mr. 
 Hugh Peters (though then living). " The gifts of ignorance, 
 lying, impudence, informing, cozening, and hypocrisy, belong 
 to such as seek preferment, whether civil or military ; but all of 
 them are required to make up a minister of the word (in those 
 times). First, that a preaching professor may make use of his 
 time, it is required that he be stored with impudence. The uses 
 of it are two : first, to encourage you to the most desperate en- 
 terprizcs ; and, secondly, to make you scorn the reproaches of 
 those who reprove ye. As for example, my beloved, if you sec 
 one of your enemies seated in a warm living, and tliatyour hearts 
 pant and thirst after the same, you ought then to put on your 
 night-cap of devotion, and your garment of hypocrisy, and go 
 to your superiors, and say, Vonder is a man, who is not of the 
 
 congrc-
 
 06 HUDIBRA5. Part III, 
 
 What makes morality a crime, 
 12*^0 The most notorious of the time : 
 Morality, which both the saints 
 And wicked too cry out against r 
 'Cause grace and virtue are within 
 Prohibited de2:ices of kin : 
 1295 And therefore no true saint allows 
 They shall be suffered to espouse: 
 For saints can need no conscience. 
 That with morality dispense; 
 As virtue's impious, when 'tis rooted, 
 1300 In nature only, and not imputed : 
 But why the wicked should do so, 
 We neither know, nor care to do. 
 
 congregation of professors, who is planted in a rich living, he is 
 a scandalous and disaffected person, and I am more worthy than 
 he, pray put me into his place. If men therefore rebuke you, 
 and call you accuser, and devil, then ought you to make use of 
 your gift of impudence, and laugh at them all. Thus did holy 
 Nye throw out unrighteous Juxon, out of his parsonage of FuU 
 ham : thus did our brother Marshall become possessed of his fat 
 living in the land of Essex: this emboldened our departed bro- 
 ther to hold forth in the pulpit of Whitehall, where so many 
 learned (as the heathens call them) had been before him. What 
 cared they for the reproaches of men ? for their hearts were scared 
 with the hot iron of impudence, finding themselves at ease, and 
 filled with joy." Phcenix Britannicus, p. 257. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 1301, 1302. Bui xohy the wicked should do so, We neither 
 know, nor care to do-^ A fine wipe upon the immorality of the 
 Cavaliers. (Mr. W.) And I beg leave to add, that as fine a wipe 
 was given by a Cavalier upon the Round-heads to one of Gene- 
 ral Fairfax's officers, who was vaunting of the sanctity of their 
 army, and the negligence of the Cavaliers. " Faith Csays he), 
 you say true ; for in our army we have the sins of men (drinking 
 and wenching) ; but, in yours, you have those of devils, spiri- 
 tual pride and rebellion.'' (Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs, p. 
 
 253.)
 
 Canto f. HUDIBRAS. 207 
 
 Wliat's liberty of conscience, 
 I' til* natural and genuine sense? 
 
 1 305 'Tis to restore, with more security, 
 Rebellion to its ancient purity; 
 And Christian liberty reduce 
 To th' elder practice of the Jews. 
 For a large conscience is all one, 
 
 1310 And signifies the same with none. 
 It is enough (quoth he) for once, 
 And has repriev'd thy forfeit bones: 
 Nick Machiavel had ne'er a trick, 
 (Though he gave name to our Old Nick) 
 
 1315 But was below the least of these. 
 That pass i' th' world for holiness. 
 
 253,) And it is observed by Mr. Cowley, in his preface to The 
 Cutter of Colcman-street, " That the vices and extravagances 
 imputed vulgarly to the Cavaliers were really committed by 
 aliens, who only usurped that name, and endeavoured to cover 
 the report of their indigency, and infamy of their actions, with 
 so honourable a title." 
 
 V. 1307, 1308. And Christian liberty reduce To th' elder 
 practice of t/ie Jeus.^ Alluding to the frequent rebellions of the 
 ancient Jews against the Lord and his vicegerents : Whereas the 
 modern ones are quiet under all governments ; which practice 
 they found upon the prophet Jeremiah's exhortation to the cap- 
 tives of Babylon, (chap, xxix.) 
 
 y. 1309, 1310, For a large consciencJ is all one, And sig?tifi^s 
 the same -with none.^ It is reported of Judge JefTeries, that taking 
 a dislike to an evidence who had a long beard, he told him, 
 " That, if his conscience was as large as his beard, he had a 
 swinging one," To which the countryman replied, " My Lord, 
 if you measure consciences by beards, you have none at all." 
 
 V. 1313, 1314. Nick Machiavel had ne'er a trick, Though U 
 gave name to our Old iV/cA-.] Mr, Warburton is of opinion, 
 that this is a blunder of the editors, to suppose the devil was cal- 
 led Old Nick, from Nick Machiavel the Florentine (but it was 
 
 certainly
 
 08 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 This said, the furies and the light 
 In th' instant vanish'd out of sight : 
 And left him in the dark alone, 
 
 1320 With stinks of brimstone and his own. 
 
 The queen of night, whose large command 
 Rules all the sea and half the land. 
 And over moist and crazy brains. 
 In high spring tide, at midnight reigns, 
 
 1325 Was now declining to the west, 
 
 certainly the mistake of the author, who continued it in every 
 edition during his life), who lived in the sixteenth century ; 
 whereas they could not but know, that our English writers, be- 
 fore Machiavel's time, used the word Old Nick very com- 
 monly to signify the devil ; that it came from our Saxon ances- 
 tors, who called him Old Nicka (the Goths, I will add, called 
 the devil Nidhog, and the Danes the god of the sea Nocca, and 
 some Nicken, Sheringham de Gentis Anglorum Origine, cap. 
 xiv. p. 324, 331); and thinks that 
 
 He gave aim to our Old Nick, 
 which has a great deal of humour and satire in it, as supposing 
 Machiavel to be so consummate a politician as to read lectures to 
 the devil himself, would be an emendation. 
 
 Another poet of those times expresses himself in the follow ing 
 manner : 
 
 " In this prodigal trick. 
 
 They have outdone Old Nick, 
 For what he did, he did show ; 
 Their title is the same, 
 And so is their aim, 
 For aught any man dolh know." 
 A City Ballad, Collection of Old Songs, vol.ii. No. 18, st.29. 
 It is observed (in a tract, entitled, A Letter sent to London, 
 from a spy at Oxford, to Mr. Pym, &c. 1643, p. 4.) " That 
 they have overmatched old Nicholas INIachiavcl the Florentine : 
 the renowned Guido will be forgot: for their over-reaching 
 stratagcmical state-brain w ill be matter enough to prove them 
 dull pated shallow-braincd coxcombs; their fame and name shall 
 bury their glory in oblivion. For all the world knows, that all 
 the devils in hell could never have brought so much mischief 
 upon this kingdom, unless they had helped them, and been the 
 
 inventors
 
 Cakto I. HUDIBRAS. 309 
 
 To go to bed, and take her rest : 
 When Hudibras, whose stubborn blows 
 Deny'd his bones that soft repose, 
 Lay still expecting worse and more, 
 
 1330 Stretch'd out at length upon the floor : 
 And though he shut his eyes as fast, 
 As if h' had been to sleep his last. 
 Saw all the shapes that fear or wizards 
 Do make the devil wear for vizards, 
 
 1335 And pricking up his ears to hark 
 If he could hear too in the dark, 
 
 inventors of it." Sanclio Pancha pays such a compliment to his 
 master Don Quixote (boolc iii. chap, xxviii. p. 280,) " that Old 
 Nick, or the devil, could not over-reach him.'' 
 
 V, 1320. With stinks of brimstone, &c.] R. Ga. writeth, in his 
 pamphlet entitled, The execution of the Windsor Witches, 
 " That he came to the God-speed, and with his sword and 
 buckler killed the devil, or at least wounded him so sore, that 
 he made him stink of brimstone." Scot's Discovery of Witch- 
 craft, book ii. chap. iii. 
 
 V. 1321, 1322. The queen of night, -whose large command 
 Rules all the sea, and half the land J\^'Yhe. moon influences the 
 tides, and predominates over all humid bodies ; and persons 
 distempered in mind are called lunatics. This is the generally 
 received opinion. See Dr. Harris's Astronomical Dialogues, 2d 
 edit. p. 105. Dr. James Young, Sidrophel vapulans, from p. 46 
 to p. 50 inclusive, endeavours to disprove it. Le Blanc ob- 
 serves, (Travels, parti, chap. xv. p. 47,} " That at Cambayo 
 town, it is to be noted, that the tides are weakest at full moon ; 
 which is wonderful and contrary to ours, and the reason not 
 yet found out by any naturalist. The same in Pegu." See an 
 account of the irregular ebbing and flowing of the sea at Ton- 
 queen, 1G78, by JNIr. Edmund Halley. Philosophical Transac- 
 tions, vol. xiv. No. 1G2. p. 677, &c. 
 
 V. 1325, 1326. Was now declining to the xvest, To go to bed, 
 and take her ;ts^] Our poet stands alone in this description of the 
 morning's approach : none that 1 know of besides himself has 
 painted it by the moon's declension. lie scorned to follow the 
 aid beaten custom of describing it by the sun's rising, which he 
 
 Vol. 11. P had
 
 ! - HUDIBRAS. PahtIII. 
 
 Was first invaded with a groan, 
 And after, in a feeble tone, 
 These trembhng words, Unhappy wretch, 
 1340 What hast thou gotten by this fetch ; 
 Or all thy tricks, in this new trade. 
 Thy holy brotherhood o* th* blade ? 
 By saunt'ring still on some adventure. 
 And growing to thy horse a Centaur ; 
 1345 To stuff thy skin with swelling knobs 
 Of cruel and hard-wooded drubs ? 
 For still th' hast had the worst on*t yet, 
 As well in conquest as defeat. 
 Night is the sabbath of mankind, 
 1330 To rest the body and the mind ; 
 
 Which now thou art deny'd to keep, 
 And cure thy labour'd corpse with sleep. 
 The Knight who heard the words, explain'd, 
 As meant to him^, this reprimand, 
 
 had done once before, Part IT. Canto H. t. 29. But he here 
 finds out a new way, and altogether just. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 1337, 1338, 1339. Was first invaded with a groan, And 
 after, in a feeble tune, T/icsc trembling icords, (fee] This wa 
 the Squire, who, upon the Knight's visit, was conveyed out of 
 sight by the Widow, v. ' 57. Jle had been in ambush, and 
 within hearing, during the late correction of his master. JNo 
 doubt his examination, confession, and punishment, had afforded 
 the Squire abundance of diversion ; and no sooner had the furies 
 left the distressed Knight, but he takes him to task, rallies him, 
 and makes him amply discover the secret principles of his sect. 
 Ail this the squire accomplishes, by artfully counterfeiting a 
 ghost, and telling the terrified Knight of all his late actions and 
 designs. This gave credit to the imposture, and made it pass. 
 See Canto iii. t. 149, &c. (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 1342. holy h rot her hood. ~\ In allusion to a society 
 
 in Spain so called. (Mr. W.) La Santa IJermandad, somewhat 
 
 lik
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 211 
 
 1 353 Because the character did hit, 
 
 Point-blank upon his case so fit ; 
 Behev*d it was some drolling sprite 
 That staid upon the guard that night, 
 And one of those h' had seen and felt, 
 
 1 360 The drubs he had so freely dealt. 
 
 When, after a short pause and groan, 
 The doleful spirit thus went on : 
 
 This 'tis t' engage with dogs and bears. 
 Pell-mell together by the 'ears, 
 
 1365 And, after painful bangs and knocks, 
 To lie in limbo in the stocks ; 
 And from the pinnacle of glory 
 Fall headlong into purgatory : 
 (Thought he, this devil's full of malice, 
 
 1370 That on my late disasters rallies) 
 
 Condemn'd to whipping, but declin'd it, 
 
 like our constables. See Don Quixote, vol. i. chap. ii. p. 84. 
 vol. ii. part i. book iv. chap, xviii. p. 226, 227, &c. chap. xix. 
 p. 232, &c. ; Gayton's Notes, upon Don Quixote, book ii. chap, 
 ii. p. 38. book iii. chap. viii. p. 128. 
 
 V. 1344. jind growhig to thy horse a Ce7itaur.'\ *Tbe Cen- 
 taurs were a people of Thessaly, and supposed to be the first 
 managers of horses ; and the neighbouring inhabitants, never 
 having seen any such thing before, fabulously reported them 
 monsters, half men and half horses. See an account of the ori- 
 ginal of Centaurs, Diodori Siculi Rer. Antiquar. lib. v. cap, viii. 
 p. 115; De Lapithis et Centauris Thesaur. Critic. Hieronymi 
 Magii, cap. xx. ; Grnteri Fax. Art. tom.ii. p. 1304, &c. ; Spa- 
 nish Mandeville, 1st disc. l'ol.27 : Notes on Creech's Lucretius, 
 vol. ii. p. 539. The Spaniards Avere taken for such, upon Cor- 
 tez's conquest of the Mexicans, who had never before seen an 
 horse ; and took the horses with their riders to be fierce monsters, 
 half men and half beasts. De Soli's History of the Conquest of 
 Mexico, by T. Townshend, Esq. Svo. edit. yoI, i. p. 107. 
 
 P^ V. 1379.
 
 212 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 By being more heroic-minded ; 
 And at a riding handled worse, 
 With treats more slovenly and coarse; 
 
 1375 Engag'd with fiends in stubborn wars, 
 And hot disputes with conjurers ; 
 And, when th' hadst bravely won the day, 
 Wast fain to steal thyself away. 
 (I see, thought he, this shameless elf 
 
 1380 Would fain steal me too from myself, 
 That impudently dares to own 
 What I have suffer'd for and done) 
 And now, but vent'ring to betray. 
 Hast met with vengeance the same way. 
 
 1 385 Thought he, How does the devil know 
 What *twas that I design'd to do ! 
 
 T. 1379, 1380. I see, thought he, this shameless elf Would 
 Jain steal me too froj/i myself.'] Alluding probably to those lines 
 in Horace, Carm. lib. iv. ode xiii. 18, 19, 20. ad Lyceil 
 Yetulura. 
 
 f Quid habcs illius, illius, 
 
 Quas spirabat araores, 
 
 Quae me surpuerat mihi ? 
 Ben Jonson (Tale of a Tub, act iii. so. v.) makes Bull Puppy 
 express himself in the same manner ; " A lady, &c. have plotted 
 in the King's highway to steal me from myself." 
 
 V. 1388. Ills oracles, are ceased long since.'] The devil's oracles 
 ceased at the coming of our Saviour. " Mansit tamen ejusmodi 
 vatum prajcipua auctoritas et obscrvatio, usque ad Christum 
 aetcrni Dei fliium, quo nato ccssarunt passim in orbe tcrrarum 
 oracula : et quaecunque impiarum divinationum genera." Testi- 
 bus Athanasio, Justino, Eusebio, Lactantio, Plutarcho, Plinio, 
 conticueruntque dsmones, et tanquam Rause Seriphiae obmutue- 
 runt. VVieri de Praestigiis Daemonum, lib. i- cap. viii. ; Scot's 
 Discovery of Witchcraft, book viii. chap. iii. p. 160, &c. ; Dr. 
 Howel's Institution of General History, &c. vol. i. book iv. 
 chap. ii. p. 843 ; Sir Thomas Browne's Vulgar Errors, book ii. 
 chap. xii. 
 
 T. 1395.
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS, US 
 
 His office of intelligence, 
 
 His oracles, are ceas'd long since ; 
 
 And he knows nothing of the saints, 
 ] 390 But what some treacherous spy acquaints. 
 
 This is some pettifogging fiend, 
 
 Some under door-keeper's friend's friend, 
 
 That undertakes to understand, 
 
 And juggles at the second-hand: 
 1395 And now would pass for spirit Po, 
 
 And all men's dark concerns foreknow. 
 
 I think I need not fear him for*t ; 
 
 These rallying devils do no hurt. 
 
 With that he rous'd his drooping heart, 
 1400 And hastily cry'd out, What art? 
 
 A wretch (quoth he) whom want of grace 
 
 Has brought to this unhappy place. 
 
 V. 1395. And 1WW rcould pass for spirit Po-'] TomPo, an ex- 
 pression commonly used for an apparition : and it was usual to 
 say. to one that seemed fearful of going into another room in 
 the dark, you are afraid you shall meet Tom Po. (Dr- B.) 
 The rise of this might be from the Nayros, or soldiers of JJala- 
 bar in the Indies, of whom Linschoten (Voyages into the East 
 and West Indies, chap. xlii. p. 78) gives the following account: 
 *' As these Nayros go in the street, they used to cry Po, Po, 
 which is to say, take heed, look to yourselves, or, I come, 
 stand out of the way : For that the other sort of people, tailed 
 Polyas, that arc no Nayros, may not once touch or trouble one 
 of them : and therefore they always cry, because they should 
 make them room, and know that thoy come ; for if any of the 
 Polyas should chance to touch their bodies, he may freely 
 thrust him through, and no man ask him why he did it ?" 
 
 V. 1398. These rallying devils do no hurt.~\ I have heard of a 
 gentleman's servant, in other respects very stout and courage- 
 ous, who was so fully possessed with the vulgar notion of spirits 
 and hobgoblins, that he was almost afraid to lie alone. A fel- 
 low-servant, in order to scare him, got under the bed one night, 
 
 . P 3 ad,
 
 214 HUDIBRAS. PartIII. 
 
 I do believe thee, quoth the Knight : 
 Thus far I'm sure th' art in the right ; 
 
 1405 And know what 'tis that troubles thee, 
 Better than thou hast guess'd of me. 
 Thou art some paltry blackguard sprite, 
 Condemn'd to drudg'ry in the night; 
 Thou hast no work to do in th' house, 
 
 1410 Nor halfpenny to drop in shoes ; 
 Without the raising of which sum 
 You dare not be so troublesome ; 
 To pinch the slatterns black and blue, 
 For leaving you their work to do. 
 
 and, when he was almost asleep, raised up the bed with his 
 back, which put the poor man into a terrible panic : but the 
 other, by overacting his part, and overstraining himself, chanced 
 to break wind backwards ; upon which he immediately, sus- 
 pecting who it was, cried out, Nay, if thou art a f t ng de- 
 vil, have at thee, I am not afraid of thee ; and jumped out of 
 bed, pulled the other from under it by the ears, and beat liin 
 heartily. 
 
 T. 1413. To pinch the slatterns black and bliic.^ 
 " When house or hearth doth sluttish lie, 
 I pinch the maids both black and blue, 
 And from the bed the bed-clothcs I 
 Pull off, and lay them nak'd to view." 
 Old Ballad of Robin Good-fellow ; Mr. Peck's New Memoiri 
 of Milton, vii. p. 25. 
 
 *' She bid him then go to those caves 
 Where conjurers keep fairy slaves, 
 Such sort ol" creatures as will baste ye 
 A kitchen wench, for being nasty : 
 But if she neatly scour her pewter, 
 Give her the money that is due t' her." 
 Orpheus and Eurydice by Dr. King ; Miscellanies, p. 379. See 
 Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor, vol. i. p. 301, 302 j 
 Sheringham de Gentis Angl. Origine, cap. xiv. p. 320 ; Arch- 
 jdeacon Parnel's Fairy Tale ; Poems, 1737, p. 38 ; The Fairies ; 
 Miscellaneoui Poems, published by Mr. D. Lewis, 1726, p. 
 172.
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 21^ 
 
 1415 This is your business, good Pug Robin, 
 
 And your diversion, dull dry bobbing ; 
 
 T' entice fanatics in the dirt. 
 
 And wash 'em clean in ditches for 't. 
 
 Of which conceit you are so proud, 
 1420 At ev'ry jest you laugh aloud, 
 
 As now you would have done by me^ 
 
 But that 1 barr'd your raillery. 
 
 Sir, (quoth the voice) Y' are no such Sophi. 
 
 As you would have the world judge of ye, 
 
 T. 1415. T/iis is your business, good Pug Robin.^ 
 " From hag-bred Merlin's time have I 
 Thus nightly revel I'd to and fro ; 
 And, for my pranks, men call me by 
 The name of Robin Goodfellow. 
 
 See Old Ballad of Robin Goodfellow ; Mr. Peck's New Me- 
 moirs of Milton, p. 26 ; Bibliotheca Pepysian. ; Old Ballads, 
 Tol. i. No. 80. See Tale of Robin Goodfellow ; Warner's Al- 
 bion's England, book xiv. chap. xci. p. 367 ; Heywood's Hier- 
 archy of Angels, book ix. p. 574. See Puck, or Robin Good- 
 fellow, Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, act ii. vol. i. 
 p. 90, 91 ; Anatomy of Melancholy, by Democritus junior, p. 
 47; Spanish Mandeville, fol. 78 ; Preface to Dr. Dee's Book of 
 Spirits, sign. F, See Abstract of Scot's History of Witchcraft ; 
 British Librarian, No. 4, for April 1737, p. 218, 227, con* 
 cerning Robin Goodfellow, a lusty cozening friar. 
 
 V. 1423* Y' are no suck Sophi.~\ Alluding to the title com- 
 monly given to the Kings of Persia. Prince Cantemir observe* 
 CHistory of the Growth and Decay of the Othman Empire, p. 
 134,^ " That Ishmael Shah, contemporary with Bajazet, was 
 fonnder of the present royal family of Persia ; from him, who 
 had the name of Sophi, or wise, they have retained the name of 
 the Great Sophi to this day." Vide Aul. Turcic. par. i. a Nic, 
 Honiger. Koningshoff. Francofurt. p. 119; PurchaS's Pil- 
 grims, vol. V. p. 381. 
 
 Sir John Chardin, who lived some time in Persia, in his ac- 
 count of the coronation of Solyman III. King of Persia, annex- 
 ed to his Travels into Persia, p. 48, folio 1685, explaining the 
 word safie, says, " It will be more to the purpose to observe 
 
 P4 the
 
 "SIS HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 1425 If you design to weigh our talents 
 
 I' th' standard of your own false balance. 
 Or think it possible to know 
 Us ghosts, as well as we do you : 
 Wc who have been the everlasting 
 
 1430 Companions of your drubs and basting, 
 And never left you in contest, 
 "With male or female, man or beast. 
 But prov'd as tme t' ye, and entire, 
 In all adventures, as your Squire. 
 
 1435 Quoth he, That may be said as true 
 By th' idlest pug of all your crew : 
 For none could have betray 'd us worse 
 Than those aUies of ours and yours. 
 But I have sent him for a token 
 
 1440 To your low-country Hogen-mogen, 
 To whose infenial shores I hope 
 He'll swing, Hke skippers in a rope. 
 
 ihc mistakes of our writers upon the word safie : For they would 
 have all the Kings of Persia to be called Sophies. I cannot but 
 laugh, says he, when I find in their writings the Grand Sophy, 
 the Sophy of Persia, and the sovereign Sophy ; for the Kings of 
 Persia are neither called Sophies in general, nor in particular ; 
 Could the kings of Persia read our European characters, and 
 should see, in the letters that are written to them from sdmo 
 parts of Europe, the title Avhich is given them of Sophy, ques- 
 tionless they would spit upon them, and take it as an aUront." 
 
 V. 1442. 7ie'// s-wing, like skippers in a rope^l A master of a 
 ship is called a skipper in lioiiaud. 
 
 V. 1448. Bj/ holding up yuur cloven paws."] The manner of 
 taking the covenant Avas by lifting up their hands to heaven, for 
 the maintenance and observation of the ends and principles ex- 
 pressed in it. Sec History of Independency, printed in 1648, 
 p. 128. The Independents were at length for setting aside th 
 coTenant, though some of them, jointly with the Presbyterians, 
 
 had
 
 Canto I. IIUDIBRAS. 2)7 
 
 And if y' have been more just to nie 
 (As I am apt to think) than he, 
 
 1445 I am afraid it is as true, 
 
 What th' ill-aftected say of you, 
 
 Y* have 'spous'd the covenant and cause. 
 
 By holding up your cloven paws. 
 
 Sir, (quoth the voice) 'tis true, I grant, 
 
 1450 We made and took the covenant: 
 
 But that no more concerns the cause, 
 Than other perj'ries do the laws, 
 Which when they're prov'd in open court, 
 Wear wooden peccadillos for *t. 
 
 1455 And that 's the reason cov'nanters 
 
 Hold up their hands, like rogues at bars. 
 
 I see (quoth Hudibras) from whence 
 These scandals of the saints commence, 
 That are but natural effects 
 
 1460 Of Satan's malice, and his sects, 
 
 had been concerned in making it, and had actually taken it, as 
 this Independent ghost acknowledges, which is the reason why 
 our Presbyterian Knight urges the obligation of it to him ; for 
 this was tlieir practice. See the history above quoted, which 
 %vill give the reader a full light into this whole dialogue. : 
 (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 1450. Jre made and took the covenant.^ The author of 
 Mercurius Piiblicus tells us of a wizard (see No. 20, p. 319, 
 320,) who, upon his examination at Edinburgh, confessed, that 
 the devil had bound him to renounce his Creed, and his Chris- 
 tendom (Christianity,) but gave him leave to keep his covenant. 
 Mr. Butler here gives the reason of it, that the devil had a prin- 
 cipal hand in the making of it : and in Canto ii. 1255, 1256, 
 are the following lines : 
 
 Until th' had prov'd the devil author 
 O' th' covenant, and cause his daughter. 
 
 See Canto ii. 1245, 1246. 
 
 V. 1454.
 
 218 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Those spider saints, that hang by threads 
 Spun out o* th' entrails of their heads. 
 
 Sir, quoth the voice, that may as true, 
 And properly be said of you; 
 
 1465 Whose talents may compare Avith either, 
 Or both the other put together. 
 For all the Independents do 
 Is only wliat you forc'd 'em to.- 
 You, who are not content alone 
 
 1470 With tricks to put the devil down, 
 But must have armies raised to back 
 The gospel work you undertake; 
 As if artillery, and edge-tools 
 Were th* only engines to save souls. 
 
 14/5 While he, poor devil, has no pow'r 
 Bv force to run down and devour; 
 Has ne'er a classis, cannot sentence 
 To stools, or poundage of repentance ; 
 
 T. 1454. If ear "wooden peccadillos for^t,'] *PeccadilIos were 
 stiff pieces that went about the neck, and round about the 
 shoulders, to pin the band, worn by persons nice in dressing ; 
 but his wooden one is a pillory. 
 
 T. 1477, 1478. Cannot sentence To stools, or pound- 
 age of repentance.'] i. e. doing penance, in the Scotch way, up- 
 on the stool of repentance, or commuting the penance for a 
 sum of money. The Scots (see Articles of War for the Expe- 
 dition, Edinburgh, 1644, Publ. Libr. Cambridge, xix. 9, 3. art. 
 iii.) ordain, " That common and ordinary swearing, open pro- 
 faning of the Lord's day, wronging of his minister, and other 
 acts of that kind, shall not only be punished with loss of pay, 
 and imprisonment, but the transgressors shall make their public 
 repentance in the middle of the congregation." 
 
 The author of a tract, entitled, A Long-winded Lay Lec- 
 ture, 1647, p. 8 ; Royal Library, Cambridge, banters the Scot- 
 tish penances in the following lines : 
 
 " Brethren,
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. fhs 
 
 Is ty'd up only to design, 
 
 1480 T' entice, and tempt, and undermine: 
 In which you all his arts out-do, 
 And prove yourselves his betters too. 
 Hence 'tis possessions do less evil 
 Than mere temptations of the devil, 
 
 1485 Which all the horrid'st actions done 
 Are charg'd in courts of law upon ; 
 Because, unless they help the elf, 
 He can do little of himself: 
 And therefore where he's best possessed, 
 
 1490 Acts most against his interest ; 
 
 Surprises none but those wh' have priests 
 To turn him out, and exorcists, 
 Supply 'd with spiritual provision, 
 And magazines of ammunition : 
 
 1493 With crosses, relics, crucifixes. 
 
 Beads, pictures, rosaries, and pixes : 
 The tools of working out salvation 
 By mere mechanic operation, 
 
 '' Brethren, forgive me, now I do confess, 
 Yet to confession I'll not play the fool, 
 To bring mine arse upon the Scottish stool. 
 No, I'll not subject be to such an order, 
 Which will ere long invade our English border. 
 Then they that will be slav'd after the sentence, 
 Must sit upon the stool of their repentance ; 
 But no sike Scottish Presbyterian trick 
 Shall make my free-born heart with sorrow sick. 
 Let those that have a mind, the most commend on't, 
 On that and all the rest I'm independent." 
 V. 1483. Hence 'tis possessions, &C.'] *Criminals, in their in- 
 dictments, are charged with not having the fear of God before 
 their eyes, but being led by the instigation of the devil. 
 
 V. 1492. And exorcists.'] Exorcists made an order of 
 
 (in
 
 # IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 With holy water like a sluice, 
 1^500 To overflow all avenues. 
 
 But those wh' arc utterly unarm*cl, 
 
 T' oppose his entrance if hestorm'd, 
 
 He never offers to surprise, 
 
 Although his falsest enemies ; 
 1505 But is content to be their drudge, 
 
 And on their errands glad to trudge : 
 
 For where are all your forfeitures 
 
 Entrusted in safe hands, but ours ? 
 
 Who are but jailors of the holes 
 1510 And dungeons where you clap up souls : 
 
 Like undcr-kcepers, turn the keys, 
 
 the clergy in tlic third century, Bingham's Antiquities of the 
 Christian Church, book iii. chap. iv. vol. ii. p. 22. But Mr. 
 Butler designs to sneer the Popish exorcists, who pretend to 
 lay or cast out evil spirits. 
 
 V. 1516. Than all your coxenanting trustees.'] Sec 13th Carol. 
 II. chap. XXV. entitled, " An act for restoring all such advow- 
 sons, rectories impropriate, glebc-lards, and tythes, to his Ma- 
 jesty's loyal subjects, as were taken from them, and certain 
 charges imposed on them upon their compositions for delinquen- 
 cy by the said usurpers," s. 1, 2, 3. 
 
 V. 1519, 1 520. As some demise The same estate in mort- 
 gage tuicc] There was in those days a remarkable case of this 
 kind, that of Mr. Sherfield, (he recorder, and famous breaker of 
 glass windows in a church at vSarum ; of whom Mr. Garrad, 
 in a letter to the Earl of Straflord, (see Earl of Strafford's Let- 
 ters, 1739, vol. i. p, 200) gives the following account: " Sher- 
 field died some thousands in debt, and most wickedly cheated 
 those that dealt with him for. that litdc land he had, a manor 
 near Marlborough. When, as your lordship knows, he was 
 fined 5001. in the Star chamber, he then mortgaged his manor to 
 Mr. Ayrcs, a bencher in Lincohrs-lnn, Mho lent him upon it 
 25001. Upon his death, he challenging it, Audley, of the court 
 of wards, shews a former mortgage to him ; Sir Thorns Jarvis, 
 one more ancient than that ; Jiis wife before him challengeth it 
 
 as
 
 Canto 1. IIUDIBRAS. ^21 
 
 T*your mittimus anathemas : 
 And never boggle to restore 
 The members you deUver o'er, 
 
 1515 Upon demand with fairer justice 
 
 Than all 3'our covenanting trustees : 
 Unless to punish them the worse, 
 You put them in the secular powers. 
 And pass their souls, as some demise 
 
 1520 The same estate in mortgage twice : 
 When to a legal utlegation 
 You turn your excommunication, 
 And, for a groat unpaid that's due, 
 Distrain on soul and body too. 
 
 8s her jointure; his eldest brother shews a conveyance before all 
 these: In conclusion, on his beath-bed, he commanded a servant 
 to carry a letter with a key sealed up in it to Mr. Noy, Avhere 
 was assigned in what box of his study at Lincoln's-Inn lay the 
 conveyance of his estate ; when it was found, that, by deed 
 bearing date before all those formerly mentioned, he had given 
 all his estate to pious uses." Sic finita est fabula of Mr. Sherfield. 
 
 V. 1521. IFhen to a legal utlegatio}}, &c.] These saints proceed- 
 ed in a more formal and rigorous manner in their outlawries than 
 Mr. Seldendid in the following instance; " The King of Spain 
 (says he, Table-Talk, p. 89) was outlawed in Westminster-hall, 
 I being of council against him : A merchant had recovei-ed costs 
 against him in a suit, which because he could not get, we advised 
 to have him outlawed for not appearing, and so he was. As 
 soon as Gondimer heard that, he presently sent the money ; by 
 reason, if his master had been outlawed, he could not have had 
 the benefit of the law, which would have been very prejudicial, 
 there being niiuiy suits then depending between the King of Spain 
 and our English merchants." See the manner of outlawry, Spel- 
 manni Glossar. sub voce Excommunicatio. 
 
 V. 1523, 1524. And for a groat impaid that's duc^ Distrain 
 on soul and body too.^ A sneer upon the abuse of excommunica- 
 tions by the Presbyterians, which were as rigorous as those in 
 the Romish churchj of which I meet with the following account 
 
 (De
 
 IIUDIBRAS. Part III, 
 
 1525 Thought he, 'Tis no mean part of civil 
 State prudence to cajole the devil, 
 And not to handle him too rough, - 
 When he has us in his cloven hoof. 
 'Tis true, quoth he, that intercourse 
 
 15S0 Has pass'd between your friends and ours; 
 That, as you trust us, in our way, 
 To raise your members and to lay, 
 We send you others of our own, 
 Denounc'd to hang themselves, or drown, 
 
 1535 Or, frighted with our oratory. 
 
 To leap down headlong many a story; 
 Have us*d all means to propagate 
 Your mighty interests of stare. 
 Laid out our spiritual gifts to further 
 
 (De Onere Banni. Graramin. Centum Gerraanicae Nationis, grar. 
 xxiv. ; Fascicul. Rer. cxpetcndar. et fugiendar. edit. 1690, p. 
 3G2); " Deuiqne ob pecunia? liicrive tantulum, aiit alioqui res 
 miiiimi pretii ad intcrnccionem iisquc animx, corporis, honoris, 
 atqiie rei familiaris, contra divinahunianaque jura perducuntur." 
 
 Mr. Baker says (History of the Inquisition, chap. ix. p. 115), 
 that the ceremony of a Popish excommunication is thus: "When 
 the bishop pronounces the; anathema, twelve priests must stand 
 round him, and hold lighted candles in (heir hands, which they 
 must throw down to the ground, and tread under their feet, at 
 the conclusion of the anathema or excommunication.'' 
 
 . 1541. 1-or if the saints are vam''dfrom bluod.^ Vide Reus- 
 ncri Symbolor. Apostolic, class, i. symbol. 62. 
 
 V. 1 553. The cock croxvs, and the morn draws on."] Alluding pro- 
 bably to the Ghost in Shakespeare's Ilamlct. 
 
 " But even then the morning cock crew loud, 
 And at the sonnd it shrunk in haste away, 
 
 And vauish'd from our sight. 
 
 But soft, mcthinks I scent the morning air, 
 
 Brief let note be" Ghost in Hamlet. 
 
 See more, acti. vol. vii. p. 230. 
 
 Virgil
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 223 
 
 1540 Your great designs of rage and murder : 
 
 For if the saints are nam'd from blood, 
 
 We onl' have made that title good ; 
 
 And, if it were but in our power, 
 
 We should not scruple to do more, 
 1545 And not be half a soul behind 
 
 Of all dissenters of mankind. 
 
 Right, quoth the voice, and as I scorn 
 
 To be ungrateful, in return 
 
 Of all those kind good offices, 
 1550 I'll free you out of this distress, 
 
 And set you down in safety, where 
 
 It is no time to tell you here. 
 
 The cock crows, and the morn draws on 
 
 When 'tis decreed I must be gone; 
 
 Virgil represents the ghost of Anchises thus coiick<tling his 
 iustructions to JEnoa.s : 
 
 ** Jamque vale ; torqnet raedios nox humida cursus, 
 Etrae saeyus equis oriens afflavit anhelis. 
 Dixeratjcttenues fugit ceu fumus in auras."iEn.V.^T.73&. 
 
 " The dewy night rolls on her middle course, 
 And with his panting steeds the rising sun 
 Severe hath breath'd upon me. Thus he said, 
 And flew like smoak into the fleeting air." 
 
 Dr. Trapp, v. 937. (Mr. B.) 
 
 It is feigned, that Alcctryon, which signifies a cock, was a 
 youth beloved by Mars; and, consciousof his adultery with Ve- 
 nus, he was accustomed to watch ai the door, and give notice of 
 any Hiat approached : but, falling at one time asleep, they were 
 discorered by the Sun, and caught in a net by Vulcan ; for which 
 angry iViars converted him into a fowl with a crest on his crown, 
 representing his helmet, who, mindful of his former neglect, 
 continually crows before the rising of the sun, lest he should 
 take any one tardy. Dr. Meric Casaubon, in his preface to 
 Dee's Book of Spirits, says, " One tells us, that, when the cock 
 roweth, the solemn meetings of witches are dissolved ; and he 
 
 thinks
 
 n4 IlUDIBRxVS. Pabt III. 
 
 1555 And if I leave you here till day, 
 You*ll find it hard to set awav. 
 With that the spirit grop'd about 
 To find th' enchanted hero out, 
 And try'd with haste to lift him up; 
 
 1550 But found his forlorn hope, his crup, 
 Unserviceable with kicks and blows, 
 Receiv'd from harden'd -hearted foes. . 
 He thought to drag him by the heels, 
 Like Gresham carts, with legs for w^heels ; 
 
 1565 But fear, that soonest cures those sores, 
 In danger of relapse to worse, 
 Came in t' assist him with its aid, 
 And up his sinking vessel weigh'd. 
 No sooner was he fit to trudge, 
 
 thinks a /cason may be, because of the crowing of the cock, in 
 the gospel, wlicn St. Peter denied Christ.'' 
 
 T, 1564. Like Gre.shnm carts., with legs for xcheeJs.~\ Mr. Ward, 
 the learned professor of rhetoric in Gresham college, comrauni> 
 cated the following note by the worthy Dr. Ducarel : 
 
 "March 4th, 16G2-3. A scheme of a cart with lei!;s that 
 inoved, instead of wheels, was brought before the Royal Society, 
 and referred to the consideration of Mr. Ilooke, wlio made a 
 report of it at their next meeting ; and, npon the ISth of the 
 same month, that report with some alterations, was ordered to 
 be sent to the author of that invention, Mr. Potter : and Mr. 
 Ilookc was ordered to draw up a full description of this cart, 
 which, together with the scheme, and the animadversions upon 
 it, were to be entered in their books." The first Philosophical 
 Transaction bears date March 6, 1664-5. 
 
 T. 1375. Altered to, Tli' outer postern, edit. 1710. 
 
 . 1585. But ne'er a saddle on his back.'] Those lines in Church- 
 yard's Chips, p. 74, might be applied to our heroes under these 
 circumstances. 
 
 *' Then could I call riea oestler knave, 
 Nor face hioi dawn my geJir w:as gone, 
 
 Aatl
 
 Canto I. HUDIBRAS. 225 
 
 1570 But both made ready to dislodge; 
 The spirit hors'd him like a sack 
 Upon the vehicle, his back; 
 And bore him headlong into th' hall, 
 With some few rubs against the wall ; 
 
 1575 Where finding out the postern locked, 
 And th' avenues as strongly block'd, 
 H' attack'd the window, storm'd the glass, 
 And in a moment gain'd the pass ; 
 Thro' which he dragg'd the worsted soldier's 
 
 1580 Fore-quarters out by th' head and shoulders ; 
 And cautiously began to scout 
 To find their fellow-cattle out: 
 Nor was it half a minute's quest, 
 Ere he retriev'd the champion's beast, 
 
 1585 Ty'd to a pale, instead of rack, 
 But ne'er a saddle on his back. 
 Nor pistols at the saddle bow, 
 Convey'd away, the Lord knows how. 
 He thought it was no time to stay, 
 
 1590 And let the night too steal away; 
 
 And pick'd away by hangers-on ; 
 That follow geasts to every inn, 
 By shift some pairs of boets to win. 
 Such filchers have so great a lack. 
 They steal the saddle from the back. 
 But I, that brought a saddle out, 
 Might ride now like a gentil lout : 
 There was no thief to shrewd my shaem, 
 But plain poor Tom to bear the blame." 
 Sancho Pancha's adventure was more humorous, who had his 
 ass stolen from under liim, when asleep, the thief clapping four 
 stakes under the four corners of his pack-saddle. Don Quixote, 
 partii. vol. iii. chap. iv. p. 35. 
 Vol. II. Q
 
 939 MUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 But, in a trice, advanc'd the Knight 
 Upon the bare ridge, bolt upright. 
 And, groping out for Ralpho's jade, 
 He found the saddle too was stray'd, 
 
 1595 And in the place a lump of soap. 
 On which he speedily leap'd up ; 
 And turning to the gate the rein. 
 He kick'd and cudgell'd on amain, 
 AVhile Hudibras, with equal haste, 
 
 IGOO On both sides laid about as fast. 
 And spurr'd as jockies use to break, 
 Or padders to secure a neck. 
 Where let us leave 'em for a time, 
 And to their churches turn our rhyme ; 
 
 1605 To hold forth their declining state. 
 Which now come near an even rate.
 
 H U D I B R A S. 
 
 PART III. CANTO II. 
 
 Q9
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 The saints etigage in fierce contests. 
 About their carnal interests, 
 To share their sacrilegious preys 
 According to their rights of grace. 
 Their various phrenzies to reformy 
 When Cromwell left them in a storm ; 
 Till, in th* effige of Rumps, the rabble 
 Burn all the grandees of the cabal.
 
 PART III. CANTO II. 
 
 1 HE learned write, an insect breeze 
 Is but a mongrel prince of bees, 
 
 This Canto is entirely independent of the adventures of Hudi. 
 bras and Ralpho : neither of our heroes make their appearance : 
 other characters are introduced, and a new vein of satire is ex- 
 hibited. The Poet steps out of his road, and skips from the time 
 wherein these adventures happened, to Cromwell's death, and from 
 thence to the dissolution of the Rump parliament. This conduct 
 is allowable in a satirist, whose privilege it is to ramble wherever 
 he pleases, and to stigmatiae vice, fadlion, and rebellion, where 
 and whenever he meets with them. He is not tied down to the 
 observance of unity of action, time, or place ; though he has hi- 
 therto had a regard to such decorums : but now, and here only, 
 he claims the privilege of a satirist, and deviates from order, time, 
 and uniformity, and deserts his principal actors ; he purposely 
 sends them out of the way, that we may attend to a lively re- 
 presentation of the principles and politics of Presbyterians, Inde- 
 
 Q 3 pendents,
 
 230 HUDIBRAS. Part. lU. 
 
 That falls before a storm on cows, 
 And stings the founders of his house ; 
 5 From whose corrupted flesh that breed 
 Of vermin did at first proceed, 
 
 pendents, and Republicans, upon the dawning of the Rcstora* 
 tion. He sets before us a full view of the treachery and under- 
 minings of each faction ; and sure it is with pleasure we see the 
 fears and commotions they were in, upon the happy declension of 
 their tyrannical power and government. All these occurrences 
 are fully and faithfully related in this Canto, and the several 
 fa(5ls are warranted by history. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 1,2. The learned ivrite an insect breeze Is but a mongrel 
 prince of bees, See] ^ Breezes often bring along with them great 
 quantities of insects, which some are of opinion are generated 
 from viscous exhalations in the air ; but our author makes them 
 proceed from a cow's dung, and afterwards become a plague to 
 that whence it received its original, lie alludes probably to the 
 method of repairing the bee kind mentioned by Virgil, Georg. It. 
 283, &c. 
 
 *' Tempus et Arcadii memoranda invcnta magistri 
 Pandere" 
 
 Thus translated by Mr. Dryden : 
 
 " 'Tis time to touch the precepts of an art 
 Th' Arcadian master did of old impart ; 
 And how l>e stock'd his empty hives again, 
 
 Renew'd with putrid gore of oxen slain 
 
 First, in a place by nature close, they build 
 
 A narrow flooring, gutter'd, wall'd, and til'd. 
 
 In this four windows are contriv'd, that strike 
 
 To the four winds oppos'd their beams oblique. 
 
 A steer of two years old they take, whose head 
 
 Now first with burnish'd horns begins to spread ; 
 
 They stop his nostrils, while he strives in vain 
 
 To breathe free air, and struggles with his pain. 
 
 Knock'd down he dies, his bowels bruis'd with'n, 
 
 Betray no wound on his unbroken skin : 
 
 Extended thus on his obscene abode. 
 
 They leave the beast ; but first sweet flowers are strew'd. 
 
 Beneath his body broken boughs and thyme. 
 
 And pleasing cassia just renew'd in prime. 
 
 This must be done ere Spring makes equal day, 
 
 When western winds on curling waters play. 
 
 Ere
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 231 
 
 So, ere the storm of war broke out, 
 Religion spawn'd a various rout 
 Of petulant capricious sects, 
 1 The maggots of corrupted texts, 
 
 Ere painted meads produce their flow'ry crops. 
 Or swallows twitter on the chimney tops, 
 The tainted blood, in this close prison pent, 
 Begins to boil, and through the bones ferment. 
 Then, wond'rous to behold, new creatures rise, 
 A moving mass at first, and short of thighs ; 
 Till, shooting out with legs, and imp'd with wings, 
 The grubs proceed to bees, with pointed stings ; 
 And more and more aifefting air, they try 
 Their tender pinions, and begin to fly : 
 At length, like summer storms from spreading clouds, 
 They burst at once, and pour impetuous floods ; 
 Or flights of arrows from the Parthian bows, 
 When from afar they gall embattled foes ; 
 With such a tempest through the skies they steer, 
 And such a form the winged squadrons bear." 
 See an account of blasts, Lord Bacon's Natural History, cent, 
 vii. 696, p. 143. ; Dr. Baynard's History of Cold Baths, part 
 ii. p. 143.; Morton's History of Northamptonshire, p. 331. 
 Bradley's Account of Blights from Insefts, New Improvement 
 of Planting and Gardening, part iii. chap. v. p. 210, &c. 
 
 V. 8. Religion spav:n''d a rarious rout.l The author of a Tale of 
 a Tub, p. 201, probably alludes to this, where, speaking of Jack, 
 he observes, " That he was a person of great design and im- 
 provement in devotion ; having introduced a new deity, who has 
 since met with a vast number of worshippers, by some called 
 Babel, by some Chaos, who had an ancient temple, of Gothic 
 structure, upon Salisbury Plain." See an account of the great 
 variety of sects during those times, Tatler, No. 256. 
 
 " Take and his club, and Smec and his tub. 
 
 Or any sect old or new ; 
 The devil's in the pack, if choice you can lack. 
 We are fourscore religions strong." 
 The Rebellion. Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 1731. 
 vol. i. No. 67. p. 176. 
 
 V. 10. The 7naggots of corrupted texts.] The Independents were 
 literally so, having corrupted that text^ Acts vi. 3, to give the 
 
 Q 4 people
 
 282 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That iirst run all religion clown, 
 And after every swarm its own. 
 For, as the Persian Magi once 
 Upon their mothers got their sons, 
 15 That were incapable t' enjoy 
 That empire any other way ; 
 So Presbyter begot the other 
 
 peoplea right to chuse their own pastors : " Wherefore, brethren, 
 look ye out from among you seven men of honest report, full of 
 the Holy Ghost, whom ye (instead of ur, ? xAiao-lno-w/xtv) may 
 appoint over this business." Mr. Field has this forgery in several 
 of his editions of the Bible ; and, among the rest, in his beautiful 
 folio edition of ] 639-60, and octavo edition 1661. And I have 
 been informed, that he was the first printer of this forgery, and 
 had 15001. for it. See Mr. Wotton's Visitation Sermon at New- 
 port Pagnel, Bucks, September 7, 1706, p. 7. 
 
 ^' They a bold power o'er sacred scriptures take. 
 Blot out some clauses, and some new ones make." 
 
 Mr. Cowley's Puritan and Papist, p. 3. 
 
 And they are described by Mr. Dryden (Religio Laici, 4th edit. 
 
 1701. p. 76.) in the following lines: 
 
 *< Study and pains were now no more their care. 
 Texts were explain'd by fasting and by prayer : 
 This was the fruit the private spirit brought, 
 Occasion'd by great zeal and little thought ; 
 While crowds unlcarn'd, with rude devotion warm, 
 About the sacred viands buzz and swarm : 
 The fly-blown text creates a crawling brood. 
 And turns to maggots what was meant for food. 
 A thousand daily sects rise up and die, 
 A thousand more the perish'd race supply ; 
 So all the use we make of heaven's discover'd will 
 Is not to have it, but to use it ill. 
 The danger's much the same, on several shelves, 
 If others wreck us, or we wreck ourselves." 
 
 T. 13. For as the Persian, &c.] *The Magi were priests and 
 philosophers among the Persians, entrusted with the government 
 both civil and ecclesiastic, much addicted to the observation of the 
 stars. Zoroaster is reported to be their first author. They 
 had this custom amongst them to prescrye and continue their fa- 
 milies,
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 233 
 
 Upon the Good Old Cause, his mother, 
 Then bore them hke the devil's dam, 
 20 Whose son and husband are the same. 
 And yet no nat'ral tie of blood, 
 Nor interest for the common good, 
 Could, when their profits interfer'd, 
 Get quarter for each other's beard. 
 
 mllies, by incestuous copulation with their mothers. Some are 
 of opinion, that the three wise men that came out of the East 
 to worship our Saviour, were^ome of thes,.. 
 
 T. 17, 18- So Freshytcr begot the other ^ Upon the Good Old 
 Cause, his mother.^ The author of the dialogue between Mr. Gu- 
 thrie and Mr. Giffan, 1661, p. 21, sets lofth their relation in the 
 following manner : 
 
 Giff". " They say they are of nearer relation to you, 
 Your younger brothers, and the wiser too. 
 
 Gu. I confess they did follow our pattern a long time, but it 
 was with a design to spoil our copy, and they supplanted us by 
 the same artifice we used, a greater seeming austerity of life and 
 conversation." 
 
 The Presbyterians and Independents were as nearaliin in a spi- 
 ritual sense, as Archer, (who pretended to be an Irishman) and 
 Foigard, an Irish Popish priest, were in a natural one. 
 
 Archer. *' Upon my soulvation deer ish, joy. But my cu- 
 
 shin Mackshane, will you not put a remembrance upon me ? 
 
 Foigard. Mackshane! By Saint Patrick, that ish my name 
 shure enough ( aside ) .The devil hang you, joy. By fat ac- 
 quaintance are you my cussen ? 
 
 Archer. O, de devil, hang yourself, joy, you know we were 
 little boys togeder upon the school ; and your foster moder's 
 son was married upon my nurse's chister, joy, and so we are Irish 
 cussens." Farquhar's Beaux Stratagem, act iv. p. 65. 
 
 V.24. Get quarter for each other s beard.] The Presb3'terians, 
 when uppermost, were very unwilling to grant a toleration to the 
 Independents, and other sectaries, as is observed in the Preface. 
 Mr. Calamy, upon demand, what they avouUI do with Anabap- 
 tists, Antinomians, &c. said, " They would not meddle with their 
 consciences, but with their bodies and estates." Arraignment 
 of Persecution, p. 16. For further proof, I beg leave to refer the 
 reader to Sir Roger L'Estrange's Dissenters Sayings, First and 
 
 Second
 
 234 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 25 For when they tliiiv'd they never fadg'd, 
 But only by the ears engag'd ; 
 Like dogs that snarl about a bone, 
 And play together when they've none ; 
 As by their truest characters, 
 
 30 Their constant actions, plainly appears. 
 Rebellion now began, for lack 
 Of zeal and plunder, to grow slack j 
 The cause and covenant to lessen. 
 And providence to be out of season: 
 
 35 For now there was no more to purchase 
 O* th' Kings revenue, and the churches, 
 But all divided, shared, and gone. 
 That us*d to urge the brethren on. 
 Which forc'd the stubborn'st, for the cause, 
 
 40 To cross the cudgels to the laws, 
 
 Second Parts, under the article Toleration ; and to a tradl en- 
 titled, A Century of eminent Presbyterian Preachers, published 
 in 1723, p. 6C, &c. Simple Cobbler of Agawam in America, 
 &c. p. 9. 
 
 V. 26, 27, 28. But only by the cars engaged, Like dogs that snarl 
 about a bone, And play together uheu they've none.] The JeMS tell 
 of two dogs that were very fierce the one against the other ; one 
 of them is assaulted by a wolf, and thereupon the other dog re- 
 solves to help him against the m olf that made the assault. Adagia 
 Hebraica, Ray's Proverbs, 2d edit. p. 40G ; L'Estrange's Fables, 
 part ii. fab. 16. 
 
 T. 35, 36. For note there xcas no wore to purchase O' th'' Kivg*s 
 reienue and the churches.] An ordinance was passed in 1649, for 
 removing of obstructions in the sale of (he King's, Queen's, and 
 Princes' lands, and several manors and lands were appointed the 
 soldiers for their arrears, whose debentures were now stated by a 
 committee of the army ; the common soldiers purchasing in the 
 manner of a corporation by regiments. The frequency of these 
 
 debentures
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 235 
 
 That what by breaking them th' had gain'd 
 By their support might be maintain'd ; 
 Like thieves that in a hemp-plot lie, 
 Secur'd against the hue and ciy, 
 
 45 For Presbyter and Independent 
 
 Were now turn'd plaintiff and defendant j 
 Laid out their apostolic functions ^ 
 
 On carnal orders and injunctions ; 
 And all their precious gifts and graces 
 
 50 On outlawries and scire facias : 
 At Michael's term had many a trial, 
 Worse than the Dragon and St. Michael, 
 Where thousands tell in shape of fees, 
 Into the bottomless abyss. 
 
 55 For when like brethren and like friends. 
 They came to share their dividends, 
 
 debentures (which the old officers and reformadoes sold at half a 
 crown in the pound) drew in several citizens to bargain with the 
 trustees named in the ordinance for the sale of such lands and he- 
 reditaments. See Heath's Chronicle, p. 256 ; and the Ordinance, 
 Scobel's Collections, part ii. chapT xlii. p. 51, and for removing 
 obstructions in the sale of the lands of bishops, deans, and chap- 
 ters, ib. ib. chap, xxxv, p. 44. There had been nineteen ordi- 
 nances to the same purpose, in the years 1646, 1647, 1648. See 
 the table annexed to the ordinance, 20th of November, 1648, 
 And yet, notwithstanding, Whitehall and Somerset-house were 
 not disposed of. May 16, 1659 : For all that time it was resolved 
 by the Council of state, that these, with their appurtenances, 
 should be exposed to sale, for paying the great arrears due to the 
 army. Mercurius Politicus, No. 567, p. 448. And Wednesday 
 the 6th of July, 1659, they ordered the sale of Hampton-court, 
 with the mcadiQws, parks, and deer. lb. No. 577, p. 576. $ 
 
 V. 51. Jt Michael's term, &c.] * St. Michael, an archangel, 
 mentioned in St. Jude's Epistle, verse 9. 
 
 T. 77,
 
 t36 HUDTBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And every partner to possess 
 
 His church and state joint-purchases, 
 
 In which the ablest saint, and best, 
 60 Was nam*d in trust by all the rest 
 
 To pay their money, and, instead 
 
 Of every brother, pass the deed ; 
 
 He straight converted all his gifts 
 
 To pious frauds, and holy shifts ; 
 65 And settled all the other shares 
 
 Upon his outward man and's heirs ; 
 
 Held all they claim'd as forfeit lands, 
 
 Deliver*d up into his hands. 
 
 And pass*d upon his conscience, 
 70 By pre-entail of providence ; 
 
 Impeach'd the rest for reprobates, 
 
 That had no titles to estates, 
 
 T. 77, 78. And laid about as hot and brain-sick As tli* utter 
 barrister ef Swansuick.] * William Prynne, of Lincoln's Inn, 
 Esq. born at Swanswick, who styled himself Utter Barrister, a 
 very warm person and roluminous writer, and, after the Restora- 
 tion, keeper of the records in the Tower. See W. Pryn. Wood's 
 Athenae Oxon. vol. ii. col. 311, edit. 1692 ; and the meaning of 
 Utter Barrister, Manley's Interpreter, Jacob's Law Dictionary, 
 and Chambers's Cyclopaidia. 
 
 T. 80. As men with sand-bags did of old.] When the combat 
 was demanded in a legal way by knights and gentlemen, it was 
 fought with sword and lance ; and, when by yeomen, with sand- 
 bags fastened to the end of a truncheon. (Mr. W.) To this cus- 
 tom Ben Jonson alludes, in his Underwood, in the King's cu- 
 tertainment, 1633, vol, i. p. 276. 
 
 '* Go, Captain Stub, lead on, and shew 
 What house you come on, by the blow 
 You give Sir Quintin, and the cuff 
 You 'scape o' th' sand-bag's counter-buff." 
 
 See the combat betweea Horner and Peter Thump, with Mr* 
 2 Warburtoa'S
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. ^ 237 
 
 But by their spiritual attaints 
 Degraded from the right of saints. 
 
 75 This b'ing reveal'd, they now begun 
 With law and conscience to fall on : 
 And laid about as hot and brain-sick 
 As th' utter barrister of Swanswick ; 
 Engag'd with money-bags, as bold 
 
 80 As men with sand-bags did of old ; 
 That brought the lawyers in more fees 
 Than all unsanctify'd trustees ; 
 Till he who had no more to show 
 I' th' case, received the overthrow ; 
 
 S5 Or, both sides having had the worst, 
 They parted as they met at first. 
 Poor Presbyter was now reduc'd, 
 Secluded, and cashier'd, and chous*d ; 
 
 Warburton's note, Shakespeare's Second Part of King Henry 
 VI. act ii. vol. iv. p. 233 ; and the proposal of the Squire of the 
 Wood to Sancho Pancha, to fight with a couple of linen bags, 
 with half a dozen smooth stones in each bag, Don Quixote, vol. 
 iii, chap, xiv. p. 128. 
 
 V. 87. Poor Presbyter was now reduc'd.'] The Independents 
 and other sectaries spawned from them, being supported by 
 Oliver Cromwell and the army, soon deprived the Presbyterians 
 of all the power the Lords and Commons had begun to give 
 them. This is alluded to v. 1141, &c. 
 
 Mr. Fry, a member of parliament (see his tract, entitled, The 
 Accuser shamed, &c. 1648, p. 1%) says, *' That rigid Sir John 
 Presbyter was desperately sick and that he would as soon put 
 a sword into the hands of a madman as into the hands of a 
 high-llying Presbyterian." 
 
 And in the Last Will and Testament of Sir John Presbyter, 
 printed in the year of jubilee, 1647, p. 7, are the following 
 lines : 
 
 " Here lies Jack Presbyter, void of all pity, 
 Who ruin'd the country, and fooled the city.
 
 238 IIUDIBRAS. Pabt III. 
 
 Tuin'd out, and excommunicate 
 90 From all affairs of church and state ; 
 
 Retbrm'd t* a rcformado saint, 
 
 And glad to turn itinerant, 
 
 To stroll and teach from town to town. 
 
 And those he had taught up teach down, 
 95 And make those uses serve again, 
 
 Against the new-enlighten'd men, 
 
 As fit as when at first they were 
 
 Reveal'd against the Cavalier ; 
 
 Damn Anabaptist and Fanatic, 
 100 As pat as Popish and Prclatic; 
 
 He turn'd preaching to prating and telling of lieSj 
 
 Caus'd jarrs and dissentions in all families : 
 
 He invented new oaths rebellion to raise, 
 
 Deceiving the Commons, whilst on them he preys ; 
 
 He made a new creed, despised the old ; 
 
 King, state, and religion, by him bought and sold. 
 
 He four years consulted, and yet could not tell 
 
 The parliament the way Christ went into hell : 
 
 Resolved therein he never would be, 
 
 Therefore in great haste he's gone thither to see." 
 
 V. 88. Secluded.'] Alluding to the seclusion of the Presbyte- 
 rian members from the house, in order to the King's trial. 
 
 v. 91. Reform'' d t' a reformado saint.] See Reformado, Bai- 
 ley's Dictionary. 
 
 V. 92. And g/ad to turn itinerant.] April 12, 1649, it was re- 
 ferred to a committee, to consider of a way how to raise pen- 
 sions and allowances out of dean and chapters lands, to main- 
 fain supernumerary ministers, who should be authorised to go 
 up and down, compassing the earth, and adulterating other 
 men's pulpits and congregations." History of Independency, 
 part ii. p. 156. 
 
 Hugh Peters (in a tract, entitled, A Word to the Army, and 
 two Words to the Kingdom, 1647, p. 11, Public Library, 
 Cambridge, %ix. 7, 20) advises, '' That two or three itinerary 
 
 preachers
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 23!) 
 
 And, with as little variation, 
 To serve for "any sect i* th* nation. 
 The good old cause, which some believe 
 To be the devil that tempted Eve 
 
 105 With knowledge, and does still invite 
 The world to mischief with new light, 
 Had store of money in her purse' 
 When he took her for better or worse ; 
 But now was grown deform'd and poor, 
 
 110 And fit to be turn'd out of door. 
 
 The Independents (whose first station 
 Was in the rear of reformation, 
 
 preachers may be sent by the state into every county; and a 
 committee of godly men, to send out men of honesty, holiness, 
 and parts, to all counties, recommended from their test," For 
 a further account of these itinerants, see Vavasor Powellj 
 Wood's Athena; Oxon, 1st edit, part ii. col. 343, 344, &c. 
 
 V. 94. Jnd those he had taught up teach down.^ The Indepen- 
 dents urged the very same doctrines against the Presbyterians 
 which the Presbyterians had before used against the bishops ; 
 such as the no necessity of ordination by the hands of the Pres- 
 bytery, and that church government was committed to the com- 
 munity of the faithful : Avhich doctrines, and others of the like 
 nature, the Presbyterian had preached up, in order to pull down 
 the bishops ; but, when the Independents used those argu- 
 ments against the government they would have set up, they 
 preached them down again. (Dr. B.) 
 
 V. 103. The good old cause.] The Covenant and Protestation, 
 for which they first pretended to take up arms. 
 
 V. 111. The Independents.'] See the best account of that sect, 
 in the History of Independency, by Clement Walker, Esq. a 
 zealous Presbyterian and secluded member. The first part of 
 his book was published in the year 1648 ; the second part, en- 
 titled, Anarchia Anglicana, 1649, by Theodorus Verax. Mr. 
 Walker, being discovered to be the author by Cromwell, was 
 committed prisoner to the Tower of London, the 13th of No- 
 vember, 1649, where he wrote the third part, entitled, The 
 High Court of justice, or Cromwell's Bloody Slaughter-house, 
 
 published
 
 iO IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 A mongrel kind of church-dragoons, 
 
 That serv'd for horse and foot at once ; 
 115 And in the saddle of one steed 
 
 The Saracen and Christian rid ; 
 
 Were free of every spiritual order, 
 
 published in the year 16611 After the Restoration, a fourtli 
 part was added, by T. M. Esq. and all four published together 
 in a thick quarto, 1660.1, and Bastwick's routing of the Inde- 
 pendent Army, 4to. 
 
 V. 112, 115, 116. Was in the rear of reformation f And in the 
 saddle of one steed Jlie Saracen and Christian rzrf.] See an ac- 
 count of the rise of the Independents in the year 1643, where 
 Independency is compared to Alahometaiiism, Echard's History 
 of England, vol. ii. p. 435. 
 
 Mr. Walker (History of Independency, part i. p. 27) says, 
 *' The Independents are a composition of Jew, Christian, and 
 Turk." 
 
 V. 117. fVere free of every spiritual order.'] The Romish or- 
 ders here alluded to are the Jesuits, the Knights of Malta, the 
 Fathers of the Oratory, and the Dominicans, who are at the 
 head of the Inquisition. (Mr. W.) 
 
 It was so in Mr. Butler's time; but Mr. Baker obserres 
 (History of the Inquisition, chap. vii. p. 48,) " That this of- 
 fice is not, as formerly, committed to the Predicants or Domini- 
 can friars : They began to employ in it the secular clergy, who 
 were skilful in the decrees and laws, till at last the whole power 
 gradually devolved on them ; so that now the Dominican friars 
 have no part in it, though the Inquisitors oftentimes use their 
 assistance in judging of propositions, and they are employed as 
 counsellors in the holy office." 
 
 T. 118. To preach J and fight, &c.] The officers and soldiers 
 among the Independents got into pulpits, and preached, and 
 prayed, as well as fought. Oliver Cromwell was famed for a 
 preacher, and has a sermon in print, entitled, Cromwell's learn- 
 ed, devout, and conscientious Exercise, held at Sir Peter Tem- 
 ple's in Lincoln's Inn Fields, upon Romans xiii. 1. [penes me] 
 in which are the following flowers of rhetoric : " Dearly be- 
 loved brethren and sisters, it is true, this text is a malignant 
 one ; the wicked and sngodly have abused it very much ; but, 
 thanks be to God, it was to their own ruin. P. 1. 
 
 " But now that I spoke of kings, the question is, Whether 
 
 by
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. Ul 
 
 To preach, and fight, and pray, and murder:) 
 No sooner got the start to lurch 
 120 Both disciplmes, of war and church, 
 Apd providence enough to run 
 The chief commanders of them down, 
 
 by the higher potvers are meant Icings or commoners ? Truly, 
 beloved, it is a very great question among those that are learn- 
 ed : For may not every one that can read observe, that Paul 
 speaks in the plural number, higher poicei's? Now, had he 
 meant subjection to a king, he would have said, Let every soul 
 be subject to the higher poxcer^ if he had meant but one man : 
 but by this you see he meant more than one ; he bids us be sub- 
 ject to the higher poxvers, that is, the council of state, the house 
 of commons, and the army." Ibid. p. 3. 
 
 When in the Humble Petition there was inserted an article 
 against public preachers being members of parliament, Oliver 
 Cromwell excepted against it expressly, " because he (he said) 
 was one, and divers officers of the army, by whom much good 
 had been done and therefore desired they would explain their 
 article." Heath's Chronicle, p. 408. 
 
 Ibid, ^nd pray and 7nurder.'\ Sir Roger L'Estrange observes, 
 (Reflection upon Poggius's Fable, of the Husband, Wife, and 
 ghostly Father, part i. fab. ^^7,^ upon the pretended saints of 
 those times, " That they did not set one step in the whole train 
 of this iniquity, without seeking the Lord first, and going up to 
 enquire of the Lord, according to the cant of those days ; which 
 was no other than to make (rod the author of sin, and to im- 
 pute the blackest practices of hell to the inspiration of the Holy 
 Ghost." 
 
 It was with this pretext of seeking the Lord in prayer, that 
 Cromwell, Ireton, Harrison, and others of the regicides, cajoled 
 General Fairfax, who was determined to rescue the King from 
 execution, giving orders to have it speedily done : And, when 
 they had notice that it was over, they persuaded the General, 
 that this was a full return of prayer ; and, God having so mani- 
 fested his pleasure, they ought to acquiesce in it. Perenchief'S' 
 Life of King Charles I. prefixed to his works, p. 91. 
 
 *' So the late saints, of blessed memory, 
 Cut throats, in go;l!y pure sinccritj' ; 
 So they, with lifted hands and eyes devout, 
 Said grace, and carv'd a slaughter'd monarch out." 
 
 Oldham's Second Satire upon the Jesuits, p. 26j edit 1703. 
 Vol. II. R t. 136.
 
 242 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 But carry'd on the war against 
 The common enemy o' th' saints ; 
 
 125 And in a while prevail'd so far, 
 To win of them the game of war, 
 And be at liberty pjice more 
 T' attack themselves as th' had before. 
 For now there was no foe in arms, 
 
 130 T* unite their factions with alarms, 
 But all reduc*d and overcome. 
 Except their worst, themselves at home : 
 Wh* had compass'd all th' had pray'd, and swore, 
 And fought, and preach'd, and })lunder'd for, 
 
 135 Subdu'd the nation, church and state, 
 And all things but their laws and hate. 
 But when they came to treat and transact. 
 And share the spoil of all th' had ransack'd, 
 To botch up what th* had torn and rent, 
 
 140 ReUgion and the government. 
 They met no sooner, but prepar'd 
 To pull down all the war had spar'd ; 
 Agreed in nothing, but t* abolish, 
 Subvert, extirpate, and demolish ; 
 
 T. 136. And all things but their laws and hate.^ i. e. The 
 laws of the land, and the hatred of the people. 
 
 T. l46. Js Dutch boors are t^ a sooterkin.'j *It is reported 
 of the Dutch women, that, making so great use of stoves, and 
 often putting them under their petticoats, they engender a kind 
 of ugly monster, which is called a sooterkin. See Cleveland's 
 Character of a London Diurnal, Works, 1677, p. 103. 
 
 T. 151, 152. T' out-cant the Babylonian labourers., At all 
 their dialects of jabberers.] Dubarfas thus describes the confu- 
 sion at Babel, (Divine Weeks, and Works, p. 418 :) 
 
 "This
 
 Canto IL IIUDIBRAS. 2 
 
 1 45 For knaves and fools b'ing near of kin, 
 
 As Dutch boors are t' a sooterkin, 
 
 Both parties join'd to do their best, 
 
 To damn the public interest ; 
 
 And herded only in consults, 
 150 To put by one another's bolts ; 
 
 T' out-cant the Babylonian labourers, 
 
 At all their dialects of jabberers. 
 
 And tug at both ends of the saw. 
 
 To tear down government and law. 
 155 For as two cheats, that play one game. 
 
 Are both defeated of their aim ; 
 
 So those who play a game of state. 
 
 And only cavil in debate, 
 
 Although there *s nothing lost nor won, 
 1 60 The public bus'ness is undone, 
 
 Which still the longer 'tis in doing, 
 
 Becomes the surer way to ruin. 
 
 This, when the Royalists perceiv'd, 
 
 (Who to their faith as firmly cleav'd, 
 165 And own'd the right they had paid down 
 
 So dearly for, the church and crown,) 
 
 *' This said, as soon confusedly did bound, 
 
 Through all the work, I wot not what strange sound, 
 A jangling noise, not much unlike the rumours 
 Of Bacchus' swains amidst their drunken humours : 
 Some speak between their teeth, some in the nose, 
 Some in the throat their words do ill dispose ; 
 Some howl, some hollow, some do strut and strain. 
 Each hath his gibberish, and all strive in vain 
 To find again their known beloved tongue, 
 That with their milk they suck'd in cradle young." 
 V. 163. This^ when the Royalists perceived J] What a lasting 
 monument of fame has our poet raised to the Royalists ! What 
 
 R 2 merited
 
 544 HUDIBRA.S. Part III. 
 
 Th' united constanter, and sided 
 The more, the more their foes divided. 
 For though outnumber'd, overthrown, 
 
 1 70 And by the fate of war run down. 
 Their duty never was defeated, 
 Nor from their oaths and faith retreated : 
 For loyalty is still the same 
 Whether it win or lose the game ; 
 
 175 True as the dial to the sun, 
 
 Although it be not shin'd upon. 
 But when these bretheren in evil, 
 Their adversaries, and the devil, 
 Began once more to shew them play, 
 
 J 80 And hopes, at least, to have a day ; 
 They rally *d in parades of woods, 
 And unfrequented solitudes : 
 Conven'd at midnight in out-houscs, 
 T' appoint new rising rendezvouses, 
 
 merited praise dpes he bestow on their unshaken faith and loy- 
 alty! How happily docs he applaud their constancy and suf- 
 ferings ! If any thing can be a compensatioji to those of that 
 party who met with unworthy disregard and neglect after the 
 Restoration, it must be this never-dying eulogy ; Butler, alas ! 
 was one of that unfortunate number. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 175. True as the dial to the sun, &c.] The writer of (he 
 preface to The wicked Plots of the pretended Saints, <fcc. com- 
 pares Mr. Foulis, the author, to Little Loyal John, in the epi- 
 taph : 
 
 ^* For the king, church, and blood-royal, 
 He went as true as any sun-dial." 
 
 V. 197. Wham neither chains nor transportation, kc.'] All the 
 methods here mentioned Mere made use of to dispirit the cava- 
 liers, but to no purpose. 
 
 T. 201
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 45 
 
 1 85 And, with a pertinacy unmatch'd, 
 For new recruits of danger watch'd. 
 No sooner was' one blow diverted, 
 But up another party started, 
 And, as if nature too in haste, 
 
 190 To furnish our supplies as fast, 
 
 Before her time had turn*d destruction 
 T* a new and numerous production, 
 No sooner those were overcome, 
 But up rose others in their room, 
 
 195 That, hke the Christian faith, increas*d 
 The more, the more they were suppressed i 
 Whom neither chains, nor transportation^ 
 Proscription, sale, nor confiscation. 
 Nor all the desperate events 
 
 200 Of former try'd experiments, 
 
 Nor wounds, could terrify, nor mangling, 
 To leave off loyalty and dangling, 
 
 T. 201, 202. Nor xooniids, could terrify, nor mangling^ To 
 leave off' loij ally and dangling.'} The brave spirit of loyalty was 
 not to be suppressed by the most barbarous and inhuman usage. 
 There are several remarkable instances upon record : As that of 
 the gallant Marquis of Montrose (see Impartial Examination of 
 Mr. Neale's 4th vol. of the History of the Puritans, p. 67, &c.) 
 the loyal Mr. Gerrard, and Mr. Vowel, in 1654 (Echard's His- 
 tory of England, vol. ii. p. 761 ;) of Mr. Penruddock, Grove, 
 and others, who suffered for their loyalty at Exeter 1654-5 
 (Echard, vol. xii. p. 774 ;) of Captain Reynolds, who had 
 been of the King's party, and when he was going to be 
 turned off the ladder, cried, God bless King Charles, Viv j 
 le Roy, (Whitlock's Memorials, 2d edit. p. 435 ;) of D^l- 
 gelly, one of Montrose's party, who being sentenced to be 
 beheaded, and being brought to the scaffold, ran and kissed 
 it ; and, without any speech or ceremony, laid down his head 
 upon the block, add was beheaded (Whitlock, ibid. p. 459 ;) 
 
 R 3 of
 
 246 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Nor death (with all his bones) affright 
 From vcnL'ring to maintain the riglit, 
 
 205 From staking lite and fortune down 
 'Gainst all together, for the crown: 
 But kept the title of their cause 
 From forfeiture, like claims in laws : 
 And prov'd no prosp'rous usurpation 
 
 210 Can ever settle on the nation : 
 
 Until, in spite of force and treason, 
 They put their loy'lty in possession; 
 
 of the brave Sir Robert Spotswood (Bishop Wishart's History of 
 Montrose, p. 173); of Mr. Courtney and Mr. Portman, who 
 were/committed to the Tower the beginning of February 1657, 
 for dispersing among the soldiers what Avcre then called seditious 
 books and pamphlets (Mercurius Politicus, No. 402, p. 302); 
 of Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewit, Mercurius Politicus, No. 
 419, p. 583, &c. Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 818. 
 Nor ought the. loyalty of the six counties of North Wales to 
 be passed over in silence ; who never addressed or petitioned 
 during the Usurpation (Mercurius Publicus, No. 24, p. 369); 
 nor the common soldier mentioned in the Oxford Diurnal, first 
 Week, p, 6, Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 3d vol. of the 
 History of the Puritans, p. 203. See more in thestory of the im- 
 pertinent sheriff, L'Estrange's Fables, part ii. fab. 265, Mr. 
 Butler, or Pryn, (see Mola Asinaria, Butler's Remains)speaking 
 of the gallant behaviour of the Loyalists, says, " Other nations 
 would have canonized for martyrs, and erected statues after their 
 death, to the memory of some of our compatriots, whom ye 
 have barbarously defaced and mangled, yet alive, for no other 
 motive but their undaunted zeal." 
 
 V. 208. From forfeiture J like claims in laws.'] Sec Continual 
 Claims, Coke's Institutes, first part, lib. iii. 414, fol. 250, lOth 
 edition. 
 
 V. 215, 216. Toss' d in a furious hurricane^ Did Oliver give up 
 his reii^n.] * At Oliver's death was a most furious tempest, such 
 as had not been known in the memory of man, or hardly ever 
 recorded to have been in this nation. Sec Echard's History of 
 England, vol. ii. It is observed in a tract, entitled, No Fool to 
 the old Fool (L'Estrange's Apology, p. 93), *' That Oliver, 
 
 after
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 847 
 
 And, by their constancy and faith, 
 
 Destroy'd the mighty men of Gath. 
 215 Toss*d in a furious hurricane, 
 
 Did OHver give up his reign ; 
 
 And was behev'd, as well by saints, 
 
 As mortal men and miscreants, 
 
 To founder in the Stygian ferry, 
 220 Until he Avas retrieved by Sterry, 
 
 Who in a false erroneous dream. 
 
 Mistook the New Jerusalem 
 
 after a long course of treason, murder, sacrilege, perjury, rapine, 
 &c. finished his accursed life in agony and fury, and without any 
 mark of true repentance." See Thurloe's Canting Letter, occa- 
 sioned by his death, to Henry Cromwell, Thurloe's State Papers, 
 Tol. vii. p. 372, &c. Though most of our historians mention the 
 hurricane at his death, yet few take notice of the storm in the 
 northern counties that day the House of Peers ordered the dig- 
 ging up his carcase with other regicides. See Mercurius Pub- 
 licus, No. 51, p. 816. The author of the Parley between the 
 Ghost of the late Protector, and the King of Sweden, in Hell, 
 1660, p. 19, merrily observes, "That he was even so turbulent 
 and seditious there, that he was chained by way of punishment 
 in the general pissing-place, next the court door, with a strict 
 charge, that no body that made water thereabouts should piss 
 any where but against his body." 
 
 V. 219. To founder in the Stygian ferry. ^ 
 *' Old Oliver's gone to the dogs, 
 Oh ! no, I do mistake. 
 He's gone in a wherry 
 Over the ferry 
 Is call'd the Stygian lake. 
 But Cerberus, that great porter, 
 Did read him such a lecture, 
 That made him to roar 
 When he was come on shore 
 For being Lord Protector." 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 1731, No. 3. p. 6. 
 
 V. 220. Until lie was retrieved by Sterry. "] The news of Oliver's 
 death being brought to those who were met to pray for him, 
 
 R 4 Mr.
 
 248 HUDIBRAS. ^Paipt m. 
 
 Profanely for tli' apocryphal 
 False heaven at the end o' th' hall ; 
 S25 Whither it was decreet:! by fate 
 His precious reliques to translate. 
 So Romultts was seen before 
 
 Mr. Peter Sterry stood iip, and desired them not tob* troubled : 
 " For (said he) this is good news, because, if he was of use to 
 the people of CJod, when he was amongst us, he Mill be much 
 more so now, being ascended into heaven at the right-hand of 
 Jesus Christ, there to intercede for us, and to be mindful of us 
 upon all occasions." Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 
 825; Ludlow's jNIemoirs, vol. ii. p. 612. Sec a tract entitled, 
 No Fool to the old Fool, published with L'Estrange's Apology, 
 p. 93; PhcenLc Britaanicus, p. 154, Dr. South makes mention 
 of an Independent divine (Sermons, vol. i. scrm. iii. p. 102), 
 ^Vbo, when Oliver was sick, of which sickness he died, declared, 
 *' That God revealed to him, that he should recover, and live 
 thirty years longer ; for that Cod had raised him up for a work, 
 Mhich could not be done in a less time ; but, Oliver's death 
 being published two days after, the said divine publicly in his 
 prayers cxpostulatetl with God the defeat of his prophecy in 
 these words : " Thou hast lied unto us ; yea, thou hastlled unto 
 us." 
 
 So familiar were those wretches vvith God Almighty, that Dr. 
 Echard obscrres of one of them, see his Observation upon the 
 Answer to the Enquiry into the Grounds of the Contempt of the 
 Clergy, p. 106, " That he pretended to have got such an inte- 
 rest in Christ, and such an exact knowledge of affairs above, that 
 he could tell the people, that he had just before received an ex- 
 press from Jesus, upon such a business, and that the ink was 
 scarce dry upon the paper." 
 
 V. 224. False heaven, &c.] * After the Restoration, Oliver's 
 body was dug up, and his head set up at the farther end of West- 
 minster-hall, near which place there is an house of entertain- 
 ment, which is commonly known by the name of Heaven. 
 
 V. 227. So Romulus, kc.'] * A Roman senator, whose name 
 was Proculus, and much beloved by Romulus, made oath before 
 the senate, that this prince appeared to him after his death, and 
 predicted the future grandeur of that city, promising to be pro- 
 tector of it; and expressly charged him, that he should be adored 
 there under the name of Quirinus j and ho had his temple on 
 mount Qui rvnaK 
 
 T 231
 
 Canto If. IIUDlBRAfl. 94* 
 
 B' as orthodox a senator ; 
 From whose tUvineiUuiiiination 
 230 He stole the Pagan rm-elation. 
 
 Next him his son and heir apparent 
 Succeeded, though a lame vicegerent ; 
 
 V. 231, 232. Next him hh son and Jhcir apparent Succeeded, 
 though a lame vicegerent.^ * Oliver's eldest son Richard \ras, by 
 him before his death, declared his successor; and, by order of 
 the privy council, proclaimed Lord Protector, and received th 
 compliments of congratulation and condolence, at the same time, 
 from the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen ; and addresses 
 were presented to him from all parts of the nation, promising to 
 stand by liira with their lives and fortunes. lie summoned 
 parliament to meet at Westminster, which recognised him Lord 
 Protector; yet, notwithstanding, Fleetwood, Desborough, and, 
 their partisans, managed affairs so, that he Mas obliged to re- 
 sign. Mr. Butier expresses himself to the same purpose, in his 
 tale of the Cobbler and Vicar of Bray, Remains : 
 
 *' What's vrorse, Old Noll is marching off, 
 
 And Dick, his heir apparent, 
 Succeeds him in the government, 
 
 A very lame vicegerent: 
 He'll reign but little time, poor tool. 
 
 But sink beneath the state. 
 That will not fail to ride the fool 
 
 'Bove common horseman's weight." 
 
 And another poet speaks of him and his brother Henry in the 
 following manner; 
 
 '* But young Dick and Harry, not his heirs, but his brats, 
 As if they had less wit and grace than gib-cats. 
 Slunk from their commands like a brace of drown'd rats." 
 The Rump Carbonado'd, Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 122. 
 What opinion the world had of him, we learn from Lord 
 Clarendon's account of his visit incog, to the Prince of Conti, at 
 Pozenas, who received him civilly, as he did all strangers, and 
 particularly the English ; and after a few words (not knowing 
 who he was), " The Prince began to discourse of the affairs of 
 England, and asked many questions concerning the King, and 
 whether all men were quiet, and submitted obediently to him ? 
 which the other answered according to the truth. Well, said the 
 Prince, Oliver, though he was a traitor, and a villain, was a brave 
 fellow, had great parts, great courage, and was worthy to com- 
 mand.
 
 $50 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Who first laid by the pailiament, 
 
 The only crutch on which he leant; 
 235 And then sunk underneath the state, 
 
 That rode him above horseman's weight. 
 And now the saints began their reign, 
 
 For which th* had yearn'd so long in vain, 
 
 And felt such bowel-hankerings 
 240 To sec an empire all of kings, 
 
 mand. But for that Richard, that coxcomb, coquin, Jjoltroon, 
 he was surely the basest fellow alive : What is become of that 
 fool ? How is it possible he could be such a sot? He answered, 
 That he was betrayed by those he most trusted, and had been 
 most obliged to his father. So being weary of his visit, he quick- 
 ly took his leave, and next morning left the town, out of fear 
 that the Prince might know that he was that very fool and cox- 
 comb he had mentioned so kindly ; and two days after the 
 Prince did come to know who he was that he had treated so 
 well." Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 
 519. 
 
 T. 233, 23 4. Whojirst laid by the parliament, Tlie only crutch 
 onzchicli hclcant.^ See this in some measure disproved. Life of 
 Secretary Thurloe, pr<^fixed to his Letters, p. 17. See a song 
 entitled 2d Part of Knaves out of doors, Collection of Loyal 
 Songs, reprinted 1731, vol. ii. No. 17, p. 69 ; Arsy Versy, or 
 the second Martyrdom of the Rump, iv. vol. ii. p. 92. 
 
 v. 237. jind now the saints began their reign, &c.'} A sneer 
 upon the committee of safety ; amongst whom was Sir Henry 
 Vane, who (as Lord Clarendon observes, vol. iii. b. xvi. p. 544) 
 " was a perfect enthusiast, and without doubt did believe him- 
 self inspired ; which so far corrupted his reason and understand- 
 ing, that he did at the same time believe he was the person de- 
 puted to reign over the saints upon earth for a thousand 
 years." See an account of him in Baxter's Life, in folio, p. 74, 
 who mentions a sect, called from him, Vanists. 
 
 T. 241,242. Deliver' d from th'' Egyptian axic Of justice, gO" 
 vernment, andlazo.~\ Dr. James Young observes (Sidrophel Va- 
 pulans, p. 13, from Mr. Pryn's true and perfect Narrative, &c. 
 p. 60). " That two Jesuitical prognosticators, Lilly and Culpc- 
 per, were so confident, ann. 1652, of the total subversion of the 
 
 law
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 251 
 
 Deliver'cl from th' Egyptian awe 
 Of justice, government, and law, 
 And free t' erect what spiritual cantons 
 Should he reveal'd, or gospel Hans-towns, 
 245 To edify upon the ruins 
 
 Of John of Leyden's old outgoings ; 
 Who, for a weather-cock hung up, 
 Upon their mother church's top ; 
 
 law and gospel ministry, that, in their scurrilous prognostica- 
 tions, they predicted the downfall of both ; and in J 654, they 
 foretold, that the law should be pulled down to the ground, 
 the great charter, and all our liberties destroyed, as not suiting 
 with Englishmen in these blessed times: thatthecrab-treeof the 
 law should be pulled up by the roots, and grow no more, there 
 being no reason now we should be governed by them." 
 
 T. 244. Gospel Hans-tozcns.~\ The Germans border- 
 ing on the sea, being anciently infested by Barbarians, for their 
 better defence, entered into a mutual league, and gave them- 
 selves the name of Hans-towns, either from the sea, on which 
 they bordered, or from their faith, which they had plighted to 
 one another with their own hand (Haimt), or from the same 
 word, which in their language signified a league, society, or as- 
 sociation. Bailey. 
 
 V. 245, 24-6, 247, 248. To edify vpon the ruins Of John of 
 heydcn's old outgoings; Who ^ for a zceather-cock hungup 
 Tfpon their mother church's top.'] John Buckold, Becold, or 
 Bokelson, an Anabaptist tailor (some say a shoemaker or cob- 
 bler) of Leyden, mock King of Munster, was hung with two of 
 his rebel associates (all in iron cas;es) upon the highest tower of 
 the city, called St. Lambert's. Vide Johann. Sleidan. Comment. 
 lib. X. p. 207, 208, Francofurti ad Ma?num, 1568 ; Chronic. 
 Chronicor. Ecclesiastic, lib. ii. p. 553 ; Mezeray's Illst. of France, 
 part ii. p. 598 ; Dupin's Eccles. Hist, of the 16th cent. p. 182 : 
 Abridgment of Gerard Brandt's History of the Reformation of 
 the Low Countries, vol. i. p. 43 ; Alexander Ross's View of all 
 Religions, 6th edit. p. 411 j Misson's New voyage to Italy, &c. 
 vol. i, p. 17. 
 
 ' Then John of Leyden, Noll, and all 
 Their gobling ghostly train,
 
 545 nUDIBRAS. Pa** III. 
 
 Was made a type by providence, 
 
 250 Of all their revelations since ; 
 
 And now fulfiU'd by his successors, 
 Who equally mistook their measures : 
 For, \\hen they came to shape the model. 
 Not one could fit another's noddle ; 
 
 255 But found their lights and gifts more wide 
 From fadging, than th' unsanctify'd ; 
 While every individual brother 
 Strove hand to fist against another, 
 And still the maddest, and most crack'd. 
 
 Brave rebel saints, triumphant shall 
 Begin the second reign." 
 
 Sir John Birkenhead revived, p. 36. 
 
 r. 267, 268. Some izere for setting up a king, But all the 
 rest for no such thing. ^ 
 
 " Some for a king, and some for none ; 
 And some have hankerings 
 To mend the commonwealth, and make 
 An empire all of kings." 
 
 Tale of the Cobbler and Vicar of Bray, Butler's 
 Remains, p. 1 53. 
 
 Harry Martyn, in his speech, in the debate, Whether a king, 
 or no king ? said, " That, if they must have a king, they had 
 rather have had the last than any gentleman in England ; he 
 found no fault in his person, but office." Walker's History of 
 Independency, part ii. p. 150. 
 
 . 269. Unless King Jesus, &c.] Alluding to the Fifth Mo- 
 narcliy Men, who had formed a plot to dethrone Cromwell, and 
 set up King Jesus. Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 815, 
 *' Cs'sar, not Christ, the ancient Jews 
 Paid tribute of their treasure ; 
 Our Jews no king, but Christ, will chuse. 
 And rob and cry down Cajsar," 
 
 Mercurius Pragmaticus, No. 6, May 9, 1648. 
 *' Bnt seven years of a thousand 'tis 
 Our saints must rulers be ; 
 
 2 For
 
 Canto ir. HUDIBRAS. 53 
 
 260 Were found the busiest to transact ; 
 For though most hands dispatch apace, 
 And make hght work (the proverb says^, 
 Yet many different intellects 
 Are found t' have contrary effects ; 
 
 265 And many heads t' obstruct intrigues, 
 As slowest insects have most legs. 
 
 Some were for setting up a king, 
 But all the rest for no such thing, 
 Unless King Jesus: others tamper'd 
 
 270 For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert; 
 
 For they shall lose in years of bliss 
 Nine hundred ninety-three." 
 
 Mcrcurius Pragmaticus, No. 8. See Sir J. Birkca- 
 head revived, p. 37. 
 *' But Overton most with wonder doth seize us, 
 By securing of Hull for no less than Christ Jesus ; 
 Hoping (as it by the story appears) 
 To be there his lieutenant for one thousand years." 
 
 Arsy Versy, st. 23, Collection of Loyal Songs, 
 reprinted 1731, vol, ii. No. ^0. 
 The Fifth Monarchy Men published their tenets before Crom- 
 well arrived at his pitch of grandeur, as appears from the two 
 following tracts (penes me). 
 
 The Sounding of the last Trumpet ; or several Visions, de- 
 daring, The universal overturning and rooting up of all earthly 
 Powers in England, with many other Things foretold, which 
 shall come to pass in this year IGoO ; lately shewed unto George 
 Foster, who was comnjanded to print them. Printed in the 
 year 1650. 
 
 Sion'g approaching Glory ; or the great and glorious Day of 
 the Lord King Jesus his appearing, before whom all the kings 
 of the IXations must fall, and never rise again ; accurately de- 
 scribed according to the Prophets, Christ, and his Apostles, ia 
 three-and-forty Sections. By James Freze, Merchant. Lon- 
 don, printed for W. Larner, 1632. 
 
 In 1654, John Spittlehouse published A Vindication of the 
 Fifth Monarchy Men, in answer to a speech of O. Cromwell's 
 in the Painted Chamber, September, 4, 1654. Mr. Bridges, in his 
 Dedication prefixed to -a Thanksgiving Sermon before the Com- 
 mons,
 
 254 IlUDtBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Some for the Rump, and some more crafty, 
 For agitators, and the safety ; 
 
 mons, May 17, 1648, (see Century of Eminent Presbyterian 
 Preachers, p. 76), exhorts them *' to do what in them lies to 
 bring the blessed King Jesus into his throne of inheritance." See 
 a further account of their principles, from their printed book, 
 entitled, The Standard ; Mercurius Politicus, No. 358, p. 7742, 
 &c. ; Ludlow's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 604; Thurloe's State Papers, 
 Tol. vi. p. 154 ; Simple Cobbler of Agawam in America, p. 19 ; 
 Alexander Ross's View of all Religions in the World, p. 260, 
 261. 
 
 V. 269, 270. Others tampered For Fleetwood, Desbo- 
 
 rongh, and Lambert.'] Fleetwood was a lieutenant-general : he 
 married Ircton's widow, O. Cromwell's eldest daughter ; was 
 made Lord lieutenant of Ireland by Cromwell, INIajor-general 
 of divers counties, one of Oliver's upper house ; his salary sup- 
 posed to be 66001. a year. Second Narrative of the late Parlia- 
 ment, so called, 1658, p. 14, (penes me.) 
 
 V. 270. Dcsborotigh, ] A yeoman of 60 or 701. 
 
 per annum (some say a ploughman.) In a tract, entitled, A 
 brief Account of the Meeting, Proceedings, and Exit of the 
 Committee of Safety, London, 1639, p. 9 (penes me), Bennet, 
 speaking to Desborough, says, " When your Lordship was % 
 
 ploughman, and wore high shoon Ha ! how the Lord raiseth 
 
 some men, and depresseth others," 
 
 *' Janizary Dcsbrow then look'd pale; 
 
 For, said he, if this rump prevail, 
 
 'Twill blow me back to my old plough tail, 
 Which nobody can deny." 
 The Rump, a Song, Collect, of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 29. 
 Desborough married Cromwell's sister, cast away his spade, 
 and took up a sword, and was made a Colonel, was instrumental 
 in raising Cromwell to the protectorship; upon which he was 
 made one of his council, a General at sea, and Major-general of 
 divers counties of the west, and was one of Oliver's upper house 
 (Second Narrative of the Parliament, so called, p. 15.) The 
 writer of the First Narrative of the Parliament, so called, ob- 
 serves, p. 9, that his annual income was 32361. 13s. 4d. 
 
 Mr. Butler, in his Parable of the Lion and Fox (Remains)j 
 j;irds him severely in the following lines : 
 
 *' Says Desborough, for that his name was, 
 
 Who afterwards grew very famous, 
 
 And, as hi neighbours all can tcllj 
 
 J' th' civil wars was Colonel ;
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 55 
 
 Some for the gospel, and massacres 
 Of spiritual affidavit-makers. 
 
 Nay, some there be that will not stick 
 
 To say, he was so politic, 
 
 Or, if you will, so great a rogue, 
 
 That, when rebellion was in vogue, 
 
 That he among the rest was one 
 
 That doom'd the King to martyrdom." 
 See his name in the list of regicides. Walker's History of Indepen. 
 dency, part ii. p, 103; and a further account of him, Thurloe's 
 State Papers, vol, vii. p. 823. 
 
 Ibid. and Lambert.'] Lombard in the first edit. 1678, 
 
 altered 1684. He was one of the Rump generals, and a princi- 
 pal opposer of General Monk, in the restoration of King 
 Charles II. (Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p, 872.) 
 The writer of the Narrative of the late Parliament, so called, 
 1657, p. 9, observes, That Major General Lambert, as one of 
 Oliver's Council, had 10001. per ann, which, with his other 
 places, in all amounted to 65121. 3s. 4d. 
 
 V. 272. For agitaforsy kc."] In 1647 (see Echard's History of 
 England, vol. ii. p. 569) the army made choice of a set num- 
 ber of officers, which they called the General Council of Officers ; 
 and the common soldiers made choice of three or four of each 
 regiment, mostly corporals and Serjeants, who were called by 
 the name of Agitators, and were to be a House of Commons to 
 the Council of Officers : These drew up a declaration, that they 
 would not be disbanded till their arrears were paid, and a full 
 provision made for liberty of conscience. 
 
 Mr. Butler, in a ludicrous speech which he makes for the Earl 
 of Pembroke (Remains, p. 266), has the following words : " I 
 perceive your Lordships think better of mc, and would acquit me, 
 
 if I was not charged by the Agitators. 'Sdeath, what's that ? 
 
 who ever heard the word before ? I understand classical, provin- 
 cial, congregational, national, but for agitator, it may be, for 
 aught I know, a knave not worth three-pence : If agitators cut 
 noblemen's throats, you will find the devil has been an agitator." 
 
 Some of the positions of the agitators here follow : " That all 
 Inns of Court and Chancery, all courts of justice now erected, as 
 well civil as ecclesiastical, with the common, civil, canon, and 
 statute laws, formerly in force, and all corporations, tenures, co- 
 pyholds, rents and services, with all titles and degrees of honour, 
 Bobility, and gentry, elevating one free subjeft above another, 
 
 majr
 
 56 HUDIBRAS. Pabt III. 
 
 27J That swore to any human irgence 
 Oaths of supremacy aud allegiance : 
 Yea, though the ahlest swearing saint, 
 That vouch'd the bulls o* th' covenant : 
 Others for pulUng down th* high places 
 
 280 Of synods and provincial classes, 
 
 That us'd to make such hostile inroads 
 
 may be totally abolished, as clogs, snares, and gricTancr.s, to 
 frcc-born people, and inconsistent with that universal parity and 
 equal condition which ought to be among freemen, and opposite 
 to the communion of saints. 
 
 '' That all the lands and estates of deans, chapters, prebends, 
 irniTcrsitics, colleges, halls, free-schools, cities, corporations, mi- 
 nisters glebe lands, and so much of the lands of the nobility, 
 jgcntry, and rich citizens and yeomen, as exceeds the sum of three 
 hundred pounds per annum, and all the revenues of the crown 
 belonging to the king or his children, be equally divided be- 
 tween the officers and soldiers, and the army, to satisfy their ar- 
 rears, and recompense their good services." 
 
 The total and iinal demands, already made by, and to be ex- 
 pected from, the agitators and army. London, printed 1647, 
 J). 6". Public Library, Cam])ridgc xix. 9, 3. 
 
 Sec Ilampton-Court Conspiracy, w ith the Downfal of the Agi- 
 tators and Levellers, who Avould admit no distinction of birth or 
 title, and, out of the lands of the whole kingdom in general, 
 would proportion an equal estate to every man in particular. 
 Printed 1647. Publ. Libr. Cambr. 
 
 The author, p. 6, defines an " agitator to be an arch tub- 
 traitor of this age, whom the devil lately tossed out of the bot- 
 tomless pit, to drirean his designs, prick principalities, and tor- 
 ment the times." See IMr. Peck's Notes on the Baptists ; New 
 Memoirs of Milton's iafe, p. 419. 
 
 Ibid. and the safety.'] Committee of Safety, aset of men 
 
 who took upon them the gOTCrnment, upon displacing the Rump 
 3 second time : their number amounted to twenty-three, which,^ 
 though filled up with men of all parties CRoyalists excepted), yet 
 was so craftily composed, that the balance wassufficicntfy secured 
 to thoiic of the army faction. Lchard, vol. ii. p. 834. See their 
 ftstmcs, History of independency, part iv. p. 69, 70. 
 
 Sa
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 257 
 
 Upon the saints, like bloody Nimrods ; 
 Some for fulfilling prophecies, 
 And th' extirpation of th' excise : 
 285 And some against th' Egyptian bondage 
 Of holidays, and paying poundage : 
 Some for the cutting down of groves, 
 And rectifying baker's loaves ; 
 
 So here's a Committee of Safety, compounded 
 Of knave and of fool, of Papist and Roundhead ; 
 Of basis of treason, and tyranny grounded. ^. 
 The Committee of Safety, Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 
 1731, Tol. ii. p. 148. 
 
 They are bantered by the author of a tra6l, entitled, A Parley, 
 between the Ghosts of the Protedlor and the King of Sweden, in 
 Hell, p. 10. " Phanatic Committee of Safety (saith the Pro- 
 testor), there's a word that requires another Calvin's industry to 
 make a comment on it : And, then naming them again, ' ' '* 
 
 te(5lor) ? Can you fie sleeping there, and hear us talk of a Phanatic 
 Committee of safety ? Cudshobs, quoth the Divil, this England 
 is a plaguy country ; Africa itself never bred such monsters ; 
 and upon that he began to call lor his guard : but the King of 
 Sweden soon prevented his fear, by the relation he made of their 
 being turned out of commission." 
 
 V. 283. Some for fuljilling prophecies,'] i. e. Carrying their 
 arms against the Pope, the whore of Babylon. (Mr. W.) 
 
 T. 285, 286. And some against th^ Egj/pfianbondage-'-Of holidays'] 
 There was an ordinance to abolish festivals, die Martis, 8 Junii 
 1647, throughout England and Wales ; and every second Tues- 
 day in the month to be allowed to scholars, apprentices, and other 
 servants, for their recreation : This was confirmed by another 
 ordinance of lords and commons, die Veneris, 11 Junii, 16"47, 
 and die Lunae, 28 Junii, I647. An additional ordinance was 
 made concerning days of recreation allowed unto scholars, 
 apprentices, and other servants, occasioned by the apprentices 
 petition, and propositions presented unto the honourable house 
 of commons, June 22, 1647. 
 
 V. 287. - cutting down of groves,'] i. e. Demolishing the 
 Vol. II. S churches.
 
 258 IIUDIBRAS. Part 111. 
 
 And some for finding out expedients 
 290 Against the slavery of obedience. 
 
 Some were for gospel ministers, 
 
 And some for red-coat seculars, 
 
 As men most fit t' hold forth the word, 
 
 And wield the one and th' other sword. 
 295 Some were for carrying on the work 
 
 Against the Pope, and some the Turk ; 
 
 Some for engaging to suppress 
 
 churches. (Mr. W.) Alluding to the old superstition of conse- 
 crating groves to idols. See notes upon the second bookof Mr. 
 Cowley's Dayideis, Works, vol. i. edit. 1707, p. 385. 
 
 T. 291, 292. Some uerefor gospel minisfers, and some for red' 
 coat seculars.'] See an account of the six militant preachers at 
 Whitehall with Oliver Cromwell, Walker's History of Indepen- 
 dency, part ii. p. 1.53 ; and of Major general V^ernon's preach- 
 ing, 'I'hurloe's State Papers, vol. iv. p. 328 ; and note upon Cor- 
 net Joyce's sermon, Thurloe's State Papers, vol vii. p. 8, 18. 
 
 V. 297, 298. Some for engaging to suppress The camisado ofsur- 
 plices.] Their antipathy to thesurplice is thus expressed by a wri- 
 ter of those times : '' J lave not they so long persecuted the poor 
 surplice in most churches, that they have scarce left any man a 
 shirt in the whole parish ?" (Thejudgment of an old Grand Jury- 
 man in Oxfordshire, concerning the breaking of the late treaty at 
 Uxbridgc, Oxford, 1645, p. 4. Public Library, Cambridge, xix. 
 9, 3.) Mr. Warburton observes, " That, when the soldiers, in 
 a night eJipedition, put their shirts over their armour, in order to 
 be distinguished, it is called a camisade. These sedtaries were for 
 suppressing the episcopal meetings, then held secretly, which the 
 author with high humour calls a camisade." 
 
 The word is taken from th<' Latin word camisia, or the Greek 
 xiA,t(Ttov^ which signifies a priest's white garment, or what we now 
 call a surplice. See Mr. ilearne's Glossary to Peter Langtoft's 
 Chronicle, p. 597 ; Skinneri Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanas, 
 sub voce Camisade ; Table to Barret's Theorike and Praftike of 
 Modern Wars, 1598. 
 
 T. 303, 304. Others were for abolishing T7iat tool of matrimony, 
 a ring. 
 
 '^ Becaus
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 259 
 
 The camisado of surplices, 
 
 That gifts and dispensations hindered, 
 SOO And turn'd to th* outward man the inward ; 
 
 More proper for the cloudy night 
 
 Of Popery, than gospel light. 
 
 Others were for abolishing 
 
 That tool of matrimony, a ring, 
 ,305 M'^ith which th' unsanctify'd bridegroom 
 
 Is married only to a thumb ; 
 
 ** Because the wedding ring's a fashion old, 
 And signifies, by the purity of gold. 
 The purity requir'd i' th' married pair, 
 And by the rotundity the union fair, 
 Which ought to be between them endless, for 
 No other reason, we that use abhor." 
 
 A long-winded Lay Lecture, published 1674, p. 5. 
 
 *^ They m ill not hear of wedding rings, 
 For to be us'd in their marriage ; 
 But say they're superstitious things, 
 And do religion much disparage : 
 They are but vain, and things profane. 
 
 Wherefore now, no wit bespealcs them, 
 So to be ty'd unto the bride. 
 
 But do it as the spirit moves them." 
 A Curtain-lecture, Loyal Songs, vol. i. No. 15. 
 
 See the objections of the dissenters, against the ring in marriage, 
 answered, by Dr. Comber, Office of Matrimony, &c. folio edit, 
 part iv. 3. Dr. Nicholls upon the Office of Matrimony ; Mr. 
 Wheatley's Rational Illustration, folio edit. p. 407, &c. 
 
 V. 306. Is married only to a thumb.'] Thumb is put for the 
 rhyme's sake, for the fourth finger of the loft hand ; the ring 
 being always put upon that finger by the bridegroom. The rea- 
 son given by Aulus Gellius, (Noct. Attic, lib. x. cap. x.) that 
 there is a small nerve in that finger, which communicates diredtly 
 with the heart ; for which reaspa, both Greeks and Romans 
 wore it upon that finger. 
 
 The original of which custom is given by another author in 
 the following words: AlcadasX. Rex Assy riorum regnavitannis 
 33, et anno ejus 11. " Sparta condita estafilio Phoronei, qui in- 
 
 S 2 yenit
 
 260 HUDIBRAS. Part 111. 
 
 (As wise as ringing of a pig, 
 That us'd to break up ground, and dig) 
 The bride to notliing but her will, 
 3 1 That nulls the after-marriage still. 
 Some were for th' utter extirpation 
 Of linsey-woolsey in the nation ; 
 
 Tcnit usum annulorum ; ei in quarto digito poniannalum debere 
 dixit, quia ab illo vena pertingit ad cor." Gobelini, Persona?, 
 Cosmodromii a;tas 111 ; MeibomiiRer. Germanic, torn. i. p. 89. 
 
 *' Pectoris, et digito pignus fortasse dedisti, &c." 
 
 Juvenal. Sat. vi. 27, 28. 
 
 " They say, thy hair the curling art is taught, 
 The wedding ring perhaps already bought : 
 A sober man, like thee, to change his life ! 
 What fury would possess thee with a wife ? 
 
 Drydcn, 
 
 See a curious dissertation upon the ring finger, Sir Thomas 
 Browne's Vulgar Errors, book iv. chap. iv. Mr. Wheatley's Ra- 
 tional Illustration, p. 409 ; Dr. Wotton's Reflections upon an- 
 cient and modern learning, chap. x. p. 133. 
 
 v. 308. That us'd to.'] That is to, edit. 1678, That uses to, edit. 
 1684, 1689, 1694, 1700, 1704, altered 1710, as it stands here. 
 
 V. 309. The bride to nothing but her zt*7/.] The thing this quib. 
 ble turns upon, is this, the first response the bride makes in the 
 marriage ceremony is, I will. (Mr. W.) 
 
 Shakespeare alludes probably to the same thing, (Love's La- 
 bour Lost, act i. vol. ii. p. 1 1 1.) in Boiet's words to Biron, when 
 he enquired after Rosaline. 
 
 Biron. " Is she wedded or no ? 
 Boict. " To her will, sir, or so." 
 
 V. 311, 312. Some xcere for th' utter extirpation Of linsey- 
 woolsey in the nation.'] Some were for Judaising, or observing some 
 of the laws peculiar to that people, linsey-woolsey being forbid- 
 den by the law. See Deuteronomy xxii. 11. (Mr. W.) 
 
 " That we may have an incorrupt religion, without guileful 
 mixture ; not a linsey-woolsey religion ; all new-born babes will 
 desire word-milk, sermon-milk, without guile, without adulterat- 
 ing," Thomas Hall's Fast Sermon, July 27, 1642, p. 5. 
 
 T. 313.
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 361 
 
 And some against all idolising 
 Tlie cross in shop-books, or baptising : 
 315 Others, to make all things recant 
 The christian, or sirname of saint ; 
 And force all churches, streets, and towns, 
 The holy title to renounce. 
 
 V. 313, 314. And some against all idolising The cross in shop- 
 looks.'] Some were for using a spunge to ihe public debts. (Mr^ 
 W.) << Scriveners were commanded to shew their shop-books j 
 that notice might be taken who were guilty of having money in 
 their purses, that the fattest and fullest might be sequestered for 
 delinquents." (Walker's History of Independency, part ii. p. 
 189.) See their unreasonable antipathy to all sorts of crosses 
 exposed, from a tract entitled, A Dialogue between the Cross 
 in Cheap and Charing-cross. Impartial Examination of Mr. 
 Neale's Third Volume of the History of the Puritans, p. 81. 
 
 Sir John Birkenhead likewise banters those Precisians : " An 
 Act for removing the Alphabet-Cross from the Children's Pri- 
 mer, and the Cross from otF the Speaker's Mace, and for adding 
 St. Andrew's Cross to St. George's in the States Arms." 
 (Paul's Church-yard, cent. ii. class 6, No. 139.) 
 
 " Resolved, Sac. That all crosses are due to the state, and 
 therefore all coin tb5it.isjtam^ed.vvith that superstitious kind of 
 idolatry is confiscated by modern laws to the devil's melting- 
 pan." (Paul's Church-yard, cent. iii. class 11, No. 40, p. 21.) 
 
 V. 317, 318. And force all churches., streets, and towns, The 
 holy title to renounce.'] Churches, parishes, and even the apos. 
 ties, were imsainted in the mayoralty of the famous Alderman 
 Pennington, and continued so to the year 1660. See Strype's 
 Survey of London, vol. ii. book v. p. 7. The malice and rage 
 of both Roundheads and Cavaliers ran high upon this particular, 
 of which we have a merry instance in the case of Sir Roger de 
 Covcrley, which I cannot forbear transcribing : " That worthy 
 knight, being tfiln but a stripling, had occasion to enquire the 
 way to St. Anne's Lane ; upon which the person whom he spoke 
 to, instead of answering his question, called him a young Popish 
 Cur, and asked him who made Anne a saint ? The boy, being 
 in some confusion, enquired of the next he met, which was the 
 way to Anne's Lane ? but was called a prick-eared cur for his 
 pains ; and, instead of being shewn the way, was told, that she 
 had been a saint before he was born, and would be one after he 
 
 S 3 was
 
 262 HUDIBRAS. Part ill. 
 
 Some 'gainst a third estate of souls, 
 320 And bringing down the price of coals : 
 
 was hanged. Upon which (says Sir Roger) I did not think fit 
 to repeat the former question, but going into every lane of the 
 neighbourhood, asked what they called the name of that lane ? 
 by which ingenious artifice he found out the place he enquired 
 after, without giving olFencc to any party." Spectator, No. 
 125. (Mr. B.) 
 
 The mayor of Colchester banished one of that town for a Ma- 
 lignant and a Cavalier, (in the year 1643) whose name was 
 Parsons, and gave this learned reason for this exemplary piece 
 of justice, that it was ai^ ominous name. Mercurius Rusticus, 
 No. 16, p. 196. 
 
 V. 319. Some Against a third estate of souls. 1^ I suppose he 
 means the place which in the New Testament is called 5*)J, and 
 is there plainly distinguished from Gehenna, though both are 
 translated by the English word Hell. Some persons in Mr. 
 Butler's time began to write of this place as difl'erent both from 
 heaven and hell ; and as the receptacle of all souls, good and 
 bad, until the resurrection. Bishop Bull has two sermons 
 printed on this middle state. See likewise bir Peter King's 
 Critical History of the Apostles' Creed, upon the article of 
 Christ's Descent into Hell. (Dr. B.) 
 
 V. 320. Jnd bringing down the price of coals.^ Though Mr. 
 Butler says, in another place, 
 
 Those that write in rhyme still make 
 The one verse for the other's sake ; 
 The one for sense, and one for rhyme, 
 I think sufficient at a time. 
 
 I cannot but think, that this is either designed as a sneer upon 
 Sir Arthur Haslerig, who, when Governor of Newcastle upon 
 Tyne, without any public authority, presumed to lay a tax of 
 four shillings a chaldron upon coals, which was estimated to 
 amount to 50,0001. a year. (Walker's History of Indepen- 
 dency, part ii. p. I5l.) And the author of a tract, entitled. 
 No Fool to the old Fool, L'Estrangc's Apology, p. 95, calls 
 him. The Episcopal Coal-raerchant, Sir Arthur for Durham. A 
 tax Avas laid upon coals, by the members at Westminster, of one 
 pound ten shillings upon an hundred pound of great English or 
 Scotch coals. See a Treatise of Excise, annexed to the City 
 Alarm, 1645, p. 30; Pub. Lib. Cambridge, xix. 9. 3. Or an 
 allusion to a tract, entitled, The Woodmonger's Remonstrance, 
 or the Carman's Controversy rightly stated j by W. L. London, 
 
 X649,
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 263 
 
 Some for abolishing black-pudding, 
 And eating nothing with the blood in ; 
 
 1649, p. 29. The title of one section, Expedience to abate the 
 Price of Sea-Coal (penes me) : Or a tract entitled, Sea-Coal, 
 Charcoal, and Small-Coal ; or, a Discourse fcetween a Newcastle 
 Collier, a Small-Coal Man, and a Collier of Croydon, concern- 
 ing the Prohibition of trade with Newcastle; and the fearful 
 Complaint of the Poor of the City of London, for the enhanc- 
 ing the price of Sea-Coals, London, 1643 (penes me) : One pa- 
 ragraph of which I take the liberty of transcribing : 
 
 Sinall Coal. *' As your faithful companion, and one that 
 
 lores you very well, without offence let me advertise you, this 
 enhancing your price already, and the fear that you will daily 
 rise higher and higher, begets no small murmurs in the city. 
 First and foremost, your brewers cry out, they cannot make 
 their ale and beer so strong as it was wont to be, by reason of 
 the dearness or scarcity of fuel ; and then all the good fellow*, 
 such as myself, that used to toast our noses over a good sea-coal 
 fire of my kindling, at an ale-house, with a pot of nappy-ale, or 
 invincible stale beer, cry out upon the smallness both of the fire 
 and liquor, and curse your avarice, Sea-Coal, that occasions 
 these disasters : For your bricklayers and builders with open 
 throats exclaim at your scarcity ; the bricks, which were badly 
 burnt before, are now scarce burnt at all, no more than if they 
 were only baked in the sun, and are so brittle, that they will 
 not hold the lay : Cooks, that noble fraternity of yieet- 
 lane, and in general through the city, raise their meat at least 
 two-pence in a joint ; and, instead of roasting it twice or thrice^ 
 according to their ancient custom, sell it now blood-raw, to the 
 detriment of the buyer : Finally, ale-houses rail at your dear- 
 ness abominably, and all the poor people of this populous city 
 and its large suburbs, whose slender fortunes could not lay out 
 so much money together as would lay their provisions in for the 
 whole winter, cry out with many bitter execrations, that they 
 are forced to pay two or three pence in a bushel more than they 
 were wont to do, and accuse your factors (Sea-Coal) as wharfers, 
 wood-mongers, chandlers, and the like, of too apparent injus- 
 tice and covetousness in ingrossing the whole stre into their 
 hands, and selling them at their own prices, as if there were a 
 dearth of your commodities in the city, when it is very well 
 known there is provision enough of sea-coal to serve it plenti- 
 fully, without supplies from Newcastle, for these twenty months 
 and more: so that, if some course be not taken, the people, 
 especially the poorer sort,, must undergo great want.'* 
 
 S 4 V. 322.
 
 264 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 ITo abrogate them roots and branches : 
 While others were for eating haunches 
 325 Of warriors, and now and then 
 
 The flesh of kings and mighty men ; 
 And some* for breaking of their bones 
 With rods of ir'n, by secuet ones; 
 
 T. 322. /Ind cathig not/iin^ with the blood in.] See Dr. Shuck- 
 ford's Connexion, vol. i. p. 96. 
 
 T. 323. To abrogate them roots and branches.'] This was the 
 spirit of the times : There was a proposal to carry twenty Roy- 
 alists in front of Sir Thomas Fairfax's army, to expose them to 
 the fire of the enemy : and one Goiirdon moved, " That the 
 Lady Cape), and her children, and the Lady Norwich, might b 
 sent to the General with the same directions, saying, their hus- 
 bands would be careful of their safety ; and when divers op- 
 posed so barbarous a motion, and allcdged, that Lady Capel 
 was great with child, near her time, Gourdon pressed it the 
 more eagerly, as if he had taken the General for a man- mid- 
 wife." Walker's History of Independency, part i. p. 99. 
 Nay, it was debated at a council of war (see History of Inde- 
 pendency, part ii. p. 30, from Sedgwick's Justice upon the 
 Army's Remonstrance,) " To massacre and put to the sword all 
 the King's party : The question put was carried in the negative 
 but by two votes." Their endeavours (says he. History of In- 
 dependency, part iii. p. U) " was how to diminish the number 
 of their opposite?, the Royalists and Presbyterians, by a massa- 
 cre : for which purpose many dark lanthorns were provided last 
 winter (1649,) which, coming to the common rumour of thetown, 
 put them in danger of the infamy and hatred that would over- 
 whelm them : so this was laid aside." A bill was brought in, 
 1656, for decimating the Royalists, but thrown out. See Thur- 
 loe's State Papers, vol. vi. p, 20, 37, 38. And this spirit was 
 but too much encouraged by their clergy. Mr. Caryl (in a 
 Thanksgiving Sermon before the Commons, April 23, 1644, p. 
 46) says, " If Christ will set up his kingdom upon the carcases 
 of the slain, it well becomes all elders to rejoice and give thanks. 
 Cut them down with the sword of justice, root them out, and 
 consume them as with fire, that no root may spring up again.'* 
 George Walker before the Commons, Jan, 29, 1644, p. 19; 
 Century of eminent Presbyterian Preachers, p. 46'. *' Of all 
 Ahab's family and persecuting house, there was not a man left 
 
 to
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 265 
 
 For thrashing mountains, and with spells 
 330 For hallowing carriers' packs and bells ; 
 Things that the legend never heard of, 
 Btit made the wicked sore afear'd of. 
 
 The quacks of gov^ernment (who sate 
 At tlf unregarded helm of state, 
 
 to make water against the wall, not one man of all Baal's priests 
 escaped, but all cut off." Walker, ibid, p. 39 ; Century, &c. 
 Ibid. 
 
 Of this spirit was Mr. George Swathe, minister of Denham, 
 in Suffolk, who, in a prayer, July 13, 1641, or 42, see Swathe's 
 Prayers, p. 31, has the following remarkable words : " Lord, 
 if no composition will end the controversy between the King 
 and Parliament, but the King and his party will have blood, let 
 them drink of their own cup ; let their blood be spilled like wa- 
 ter ; let their blood be sacrificed to thee, O God, for the sins 
 of our nation." 
 
 V. 327, 328. And some for breaking of their bones JFith rods 
 ofir^n, &c.] A sneer upon their canting abuse of Psalm ii. 9. 
 
 V. 329. For thrashing mountains.} A sneer upon the cant of 
 the Fifth Monarchy Men, for their misapplication of that text, 
 Isaiah xli. 15, " Thou shalt thresh the mountains and beat them 
 small, and shalt make the hills as chaff." Of whom Mr. Thur- 
 loe observes (State Papers, vol. vi. p. 185,) " That they encou- 
 raged one another with this, that though they were but worms, 
 that yet they should be made instruments to thresh mountains.'* 
 
 T. 329, 330. and with spells For halloiving car- 
 riers'' packs and bells.} Alluding to their horrid canting abuse of 
 Scripture phrase, especially of those two passages, Isaiah xli. 
 15. Zech. xiv. 20. 
 
 *' Here are perform'd the conjurings and spells. 
 
 For christ'ning saints, and hawks, and carriers' bells." 
 Oldham's 4th Sat. against Jesuits, 
 
 V. 332. ' afear'd of] Afraid of, edit. 1678; alter- 
 ed to Afear'd of, 1684. 
 
 v. 333. The quacks of government.'] These were the politicians 
 of those times ; namely, Mr, Hollis, Sir Anthony Ashley 
 Cooper, Grimstone, Ennesley, Manchester, Roberts, and some 
 others, who were apprehensive of a revolution : They saw the 
 necessity of a restoration, that matters might fall again into their 
 
 right
 
 ^ 
 
 266 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 335 And understood this wild confusion 
 
 Of fatal madness, and delusion, 
 
 Must, sooner than a prodigy, 
 
 Portend destruction to be nigh) 
 
 Considei'd timely, how t* withdraw, 
 340 And save their wind-pipes from the law; 
 
 For one rencounter at the bar 
 
 Was worse than all th' had 'scap'd in war ; 
 
 And therefore met in consultation 
 
 To cant and quack upon the nation ; 
 345 Not for the sickly patient's sake, 
 
 Nor what to give, but what to take : 
 
 To feel the pulses of their fees. 
 
 More wise than fumbling arteries ; 
 
 Prolong the snuft' of life in pain, 
 350 And from the grave recover gain. 
 
 *]Mong these there was a politician, 
 
 right channel, after the strange convulsions and disorders that 
 followed upon Cromwell's death. They wisely, therefore, held 
 their cabals, to consult of methods how to secure themselves. 
 (Dr. B.) 
 
 V. 351. 'Mong these there was a politician.^ This was Sir An- 
 thony Ashley Cooper, who complied with every change in those 
 times. Mr. Wood's character of him (Athen. Oxon. 1st edit, 
 vol. ii. col. 540, 541) tallies exactly with this; as does Mr. 
 Butler's. See Fable of the Lion and the Fox, Remains; and, 
 in many respects, Mr. Dry den's Absalom and Achitophel, p. 3, 
 Fables, folio cd.t. 1701. 
 
 V. 352. With more heads thaii a beast in vision.'\ See Revela- 
 tion xiii. 
 
 V. 355, 356. So politic^ as if one eye Upon the other xiere a 
 spy. \ He is thus described by the author of a poem, entitled 
 'i'he Progress of Honesty ; or the View of Court and City, p, 
 22. 
 
 *' Some call him Hophni, some Achitophel, 
 Others chief advocate for hell j
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 267 
 
 With more heads than a beast in vision, 
 
 And more intrigues in every one 
 
 Than all the whores of Babylon : 
 355 So politic, as if one eye 
 
 Upon the other were a spy, 
 
 That, to trepan the one to think 
 
 The other blind, both strove to blink : 
 
 And in his dark pragmatic way 
 260 As busy as a child at play. * 
 
 H' had seen three governments run down, 
 
 And had a hand in every one : 
 
 Was for 'em and against 'cm all, 
 
 But barb'rous when they came to fall : 
 565 For, by trepanning th* old to ruin, 
 
 He made his interest with the new one ; 
 
 Play'd true and faithfid, though against 
 
 His conscience, and was still advanc'd. 
 
 Some cry, He sure a second Janus is. 
 And all things past and future sees; 
 Another, rapt in satire, swears his eyes 
 Upon himself are spies ; 
 And slily do their optics inwards roul 
 To watch the subtle motions of his soul; 
 ' That they with sharp perspectire sight. 
 
 And help of intellectual light, 
 May guide the helm of state aright: 
 Nay, view what will hereafter be, 
 By their all-seeing quality." 
 
 T. 363.] Was for ^em and against ''email.'] Bishop Burnet was 
 well acquainted with the Earl of Shaftesbury, and confirms this 
 part of his character. He tells us (History of his own Times, 
 Tol. i. p. 97,) the Earl was not ashamed to reckon up the many 
 turns he had made ; and valued himself for the doing it at the 
 properest season, and in the best manner. See a song, called 
 Chips of the old Block, st. 20, Collection of Loyal Songs, toI. 
 ii. ^o. 14, p. 57.
 
 268 HUDIBRAS. Paut III. 
 
 For by the witchcraft of rebellion 
 
 370 Transform'd t* a feeble state- canielion, 
 By giving aim from side to side, 
 He never faiPd to save his tide, 
 But got the start of every state, 
 And, at a change, ne'er came too late ; 
 
 375 Could turn his word, and oath, and faith^ 
 As many ways as in a lathe : 
 By turning, wriggle, like a screw, 
 Int* highest trust, and out, for new. 
 For when If had happily incurr'd, 
 
 380 Instead of hemp, to be preferr'd. 
 And pass*d upon a government. 
 He play'd his trick, and out he went : 
 But being out, and out of hopes 
 To mount his ladder (more) of ropes ; 
 
 385 Would strive to raise himself upon 
 The pubhc ruin, and his own. 
 So httle did he understand 
 The desp'rat'st feats he took in hand, 
 For, when h' had got himself a name 
 
 390 For fraud and tricks, he spoilVl his game ; 
 
 T. 370. state-camelion.'] Alluding to that famous 
 
 tract of Buchanan's so called. (Mr. W.) This tract was wrote 
 against the Laird of Liddington. Vide edit. Lugd. Batav. 1710, 
 vol. i. prope fiacui. 
 
 V. 371. Bif givhig aim from side to side.'] In all the editions 
 till 1710, and then altered thus, Bi/ giving aimfrotn cither side* 
 
 V. 399, 400. As W earth is easiest nndermhi'd-^Bij vermin 
 
 impotvnt and blind.'] Comparing him to the mole. Talpa caecior 
 
 is an old proverb : The mole has an imperfect sight. See Sir 
 
 Thomas Browne's Vulgar Errors, book iii. chap, xviii. ; Ray's 
 
 2 Proverbial
 
 CaotoII. HUDIBRAS. 260 
 
 Had forc'd his neck into a noose, 
 To shew his play at fast anJ loose ; 
 And, when he chanc'd t' escape, mistook, 
 For art and subtlety, his luck. 
 595 So right his judgment was cut fit, 
 And made a tally to his wit, 
 And both together most profound 
 . At deeds of darkness under ground ; 
 As th* earth is easiest undermin'd 
 400 By vermin impotent and blind. 
 
 By all these arts, and many more, 
 H' had practis'd long and much before, 
 Our state-artificer foresaw 
 Which way the world began to draw. 
 405 For as old sinners have all points 
 
 O' th* compass in their bones and joints ; 
 Can by their pangs and aches find 
 AH turns and changes of the wind, 
 And, better than by Napier's bones, 
 410 Feel in their own the age of moons : 
 So guilty sinners in a state 
 Can by their crimes prognosticate. 
 
 Proverbial Sayings, p. 279 ; Mole's Spectacles. Spectator or 
 Taller. One might have imagined that Cockney to have been 
 much blinder than the mole, who took a bush hung round with 
 moles, for a black-pudding tree j Foulis's History of wicked 
 Plots, &c. p. 91. 
 
 T. 409. j^nd better tlian hj Napier^ s bones."] *The famous Lord 
 Napier of Scotland, the fust inventor of logarithms, contrived 
 also a set of square pieces, with numbers on them, made generally 
 f ivory, which perform arithmetical and geometrical calcula- 
 tions.
 
 570 HUDIBRAS. P,rt III. 
 
 And in their consciences feel pain 
 Some days beTore a shower of rain. 
 415 He therefore wisely cast about 
 
 All ways he could, f insure his throat; 
 And hither came t' observe and smoke 
 What courses other riskers took ; 
 
 i'tons and are commonly called Napier's bones." See Harris's. 
 Lexic. Technic. ; Chambers's Cyclopedia; Leybourn's Art of 
 Numbering by speaking Rods, 1685 ; Mr. Ward's Lives of the 
 Professors of Gresham College, 1710, p. 120, Sec. ; Lilly's His- 
 tory of his own Life and Times, p. 105. 
 
 Mr. Butler likewise might have in view the case of Archibald 
 Lord Napier, a great royalist (see Bishop Guthry's Memoirs, p. 
 204), who died in his Majesty's service at Francastle in AthoL 
 " The committee (in Bishop Guthr3''s words) resolved to raise 
 fcis bones^ and make a forefaulture thereupon ; and, for that end, 
 letters were ordained to be executed at the Pier of Leith against 
 Archibald Lord Napier, his son, then in exile for his loyalty, to 
 appear upon sixty days warning, to see the same done. And 
 when his friends were startled at this, and enquired what was 
 meant by it, they found it was only to draw money from the 
 new Lord Napier, for the use of some sycophants that expected 
 it ; and so they advanced five hundred marks for that end, and 
 thereupon the intended fore fault u re was discharged." 
 
 T. 420. To save himself, and hang the rcsf.'] Of this principle 
 was Ralpho. See Dunstable Downs, Remains, p. lOI. 
 <' As for betraying of my master, 
 A broken head must have a plaister ; 
 A master, who is not a stark ass, 
 Will hang his man to save his carcase; 
 And if the man is such an elf 
 To save his master, hang himself, 
 The matter, as't appears to me, 
 Renders the man felo de se." 
 Sir A. Ashley Cooper was of the miller's mind, who was con- 
 cerned in the Cornish rebellion, in the year 1558. He, appre- 
 hending that Sir William Kingston, Provost-Marshal, and a ri- 
 gorous man upon that occasion, would order him to be hanged 
 upon the next tree, before he went off, told his servant tliat he 
 expected some gentlemen would come a fishing to the mill ; and 
 
 if
 
 Canto IL HUDIBRAS. 271 
 
 And to the utmost do his best 
 420 To save himself, and hang tlie rest. 
 
 To match this saint, there was another, 
 As busy and perverse a brother, 
 An haberdasher of small wares, 
 In politics and state-affairs : 
 
 if they enquired for the miller, he ordered him to say that he 
 was the miller. Sir William came according to expectation, 
 and, enquiring for the miller, the poor harmless servant said he 
 was the miller. Upon which the Provost ordered his servants 
 to seize him, and hang him upon the next tree; which terrified 
 the poor fellow, and, made him cry out, I am not the miller, 
 but the miller's man : the Provost told him that he would take 
 him at his word. " If (says he) thou art the miller, thou art a 
 busy knave and rebel ; and if thou art the miller's man, thou 
 art a fale lying knave, and canst not do thy master more ser- 
 vice than to hang for him ;" and without more ceremony he was 
 executid. (Grafton's Chronicle, Speed's Chronicle, edit. 1627, 
 p. 823 ; History of England from authentic Records, &c. 1706, 
 vol. i. p. 410.) Or of Gillan's mind, who says to Guthry (see 
 Dialogue between Mr. Guthry and Mr. Giftan, 1661, p. 24), 
 *' God's Bread, Sir, you'll e'en say enough for us baith ; would 
 your reverence might hang for us baith." 
 
 T. 421. To match this saint there zsas another, See.'] This cha- 
 racter exactly suits John Lilburn, and no other (though it is an 
 anachronism, as I shall shew below), especially the 437, 438, 
 439, and 440th lines. For it was said of him, when living, by 
 Judge Jenkins (Wood's Athcn.Oxon. part ii. col. 102), "That, 
 if the world was emptied of :ill but himself, Lilburn would quar- 
 rel with John, and John with Lilburn ;'' which part of his cha- 
 racter gave occasion for the following lines at his death: 
 " Is John departed, and is Lilburn gone ? 
 Farewell to both, to Lilburn and to John. 
 Yet being dead, take this advice from me. 
 Let them not both in one grave buried be : 
 Lay John here, and Lilburn thereabout. 
 For, if they both should meet, they would fall out.'' 
 Lilburn died a Quaker, August 28, 1657 (see Mercurius PoH- 
 ticus. No. 379, p. 1597; Mr. Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, from 
 Mr. Smith's Obituary, vol. ii. lib. xiv. p. 30), a full year before 
 Oliver Cromwell ; whereas this thing happened not till a year 
 
 after
 
 272 IIUDIBRAS. Paut III. 
 
 425 More Jew than Rabbi Achitophcl, 
 
 And better gifted to rebel : 
 
 For, when h' had taught his tribe to *spouse 
 
 The cause, aloft, upon one house, 
 
 He scorn*d to set his own in order, 
 430 But try'd another, and went further : 
 
 So suddenly addicted still 
 
 To *s only principle, his will, 
 
 That, whatsoe *er it chanc'd to prove. 
 
 No force of argument could move ; 
 435 Nor law, nor cavalcade of Hoi burn, 
 
 Could render half a grain less stubborn ; 
 
 For he at any time would hang. 
 
 For th* opportunity t' harangue. 
 
 And rather on a gibbet dangle, 
 440 Than miss his dear delight to wrangle : 
 
 In which his parts were so accomplish'd, 
 
 That right or wrong he ne*er was non-plus'd; 
 
 But still his tongue ran on, the less 
 
 Of weight it bore with greater ease ; 
 445 And, with its everlasting clack. 
 
 Set all mens ears upon the rack. 
 
 No sooner could a hint appear, 
 
 But up he started to pic queer, 
 
 after that Usurper's death. But this is not the only mistake in 
 chronology that Mr. Butler is guilty of. (See, in Proof, Note 
 upon Verse 1239, 1240.) See a character of Lilburn, Thur- 
 loe's State Papers, toI. iii. p. 512 ; and an account of his obsti- 
 nacy, his Trial repriatcd, I think, in the State Trials. 
 
 T. 435. - Nor tavalcadeof JIolbiirn.lt Alluding to the 
 
 cavalcade
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 271 
 
 And made the stoutest yield to mercy, 
 
 450 When he engag d in controversy ; 
 Not by the force of carnal reason, 
 But indefatigable teazing ; 
 With vollies of eternal babble, 
 And clamour more unanswerable. 
 
 455 For though his topics, frail and weak, 
 Could ne'er amount above a freak, 
 He still maintain'd 'em, hke his faults, 
 Against the desp'ratest assaults ; 
 And back'd their feeble want of sense, 
 
 460 With greater heat and confidence : 
 
 As bones of Hectors, when they differ, 
 The more they 're cudgel'd, grow the stiffen 
 Yet when his profit moderated. 
 The fury of his heat abated : 
 
 465 For nothing but his interest 
 Could lay his devil of contest. 
 It was his choice, or chance, or curse, 
 T' espouse the cause for better or worse, 
 And with his worldly goods and wit, 
 
 470 And soul and body, worshipp'd it; 
 But when he found the sullen trapes 
 Possess'd with th' devil, worms, and claps ; 
 
 cavalcade of the Sheriff and his officers, through Holburn, upon 
 an execution at Tyburn." 
 
 V. 448. But up he staffed to pic queer. ^ ** Picker or skirmish^ 
 as light horsemen do, before the main battle begins." Bailey. 
 
 V. 469, 470. And with his worldljf goods and zcity And soul 
 
 and body, worshipped it.^ Alluding to the words in the office of 
 
 Vol. II. T matrimony,
 
 274 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 The Trojan mave in foal with Greeks, 
 Not half so full of jadish tricks, 
 
 475 Though squeamish in her outward woman, 
 As loose and rampant as Dol Common : 
 He still resolv'd to mend the matter, 
 T* adhere and cleave the obstinater : 
 And still the skittisher and looser 
 
 480 Her freaks appear'd, to sit the closer. 
 For fools are stubborn in their way, 
 As coins are harden'd by th' allay : 
 And obstinacy's ne*er so stiff, 
 As when *tis in a wrong belief. 
 
 485 These two, with others, being met, 
 And close in consultation set ; 
 After a discontented pause, 
 And not without sufficient cause, 
 
 matrimony, " With my body I thee worship, and with ail my 
 worldly goods I thee endow." 
 
 V. 473. The Trojan mare in foal xcHh Greeks,'] * After the 
 Grecians had spent ten years in the seige of Troy without the 
 least prospect of success, they bethought them of a stratagem, 
 and made a wooden horse capable of containing a considerable 
 number of armed men : tliis they filled up with the choicest of 
 their army, and then pretended to raise the siege : upon which 
 the credulous Trojans made a breach in the walls of the city to 
 bring in this fatal plunder : but when it was brought in, the in- 
 closed heroes soon appeared, and, surprising the city, the rest 
 entered in at the breach. Vide Diet. Cretens. de Bello Tro- 
 jano, lib. v. p. 199, 200, edit. Basil. 1548; Chaucer's Squire's 
 Tale, fol. 23, edit. 1602. 
 
 V. 476. As loose and rampant as Dol Common.'] Dol Common 
 was colleague to Subtle the alchymist, and Face the house- 
 keeper, in Ben Jonson's play called the Alchymist, (Works, 
 folio, 1641, vol. i. p. 52G, &c.), and a great strumpet. 
 
 Rampant (as well as Romps) comes probably from Arompo^ 
 which is an animal, that is a man eater, in South Guinea. See 
 
 Churchill's
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 275 
 
 The orator we iiam'd of late, 
 490 Less troubled with the pangs of state, 
 
 Than with liis own impatience. 
 
 To give himself first audience, 
 
 After he had a while look'd wise, 
 
 At last broke silence and the ice, 
 49<5 Quoth he. There's nothing makes me doubt 
 
 Our last out-goings brought about, 
 
 More than to see the characters 
 
 Of real jealousies and fears 
 
 Not feign'd, as once, but sadly horrid, 
 500 Scor'd upon every member's forehead: 
 
 Who, 'cause the clouds are drawn together. 
 
 And threaten sudden change of weather. 
 
 Feel pangs and aches of state- turns, 
 
 And revolutions in their corns : 
 
 Churchill's Voyages and Travels, vol. y. p. 214 ; and Plain 
 Dealer, vol. ii. No. 76, p. 16"0. 
 
 T. 482. As coins are harden'' d hy th^ allay. ^ The more copper 
 a silver coin contains, the harder it is ; and, for that reason, 
 plate silver, which contains one part of copper to twenty-four 
 parts of silver, is harder than the coppel silver, which contains 
 but a quarter of a part of copper to tMenty-four parts of silver. 
 See Lemery's Chemistry, 3d edit. p. 92. The silver with so 
 small an allay was, probably, what Alfenius the Civilian inter- 
 preted the money to be which the Carthaginians agreed to pay 
 the Romans; Cerium pondo argenti, puri putt. Vide Aul. Gellii 
 Noct. Attic, lib. vi. cap. v. 
 
 T. 485, 486. These two, "with others, being met, And close in 
 consultation set. "] This cabal was held at Whitehall, at the very- 
 time that General Monk was dining with the city of London. 
 I heartily wish the poet had introduced the worthy Sir Hudibras 
 into this grand assembly; his presence ^^ouldhave continued an 
 uniformity in this poem, and been very pleasing to the spectator, 
 liis natural propension toloquacity would certainly have exerted 
 T % itself
 
 S7 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 505 And, since our workings-out are cross'cl, 
 
 Throw up the cause before 'tis lost. 
 
 Was it to run away, we meant, 
 
 When, taking of the covenant, 
 
 The lamest cripples of the brothers 
 510 Took oaths to run before all others : 
 
 But in their own sense only swore 
 
 To strive to run away before ; 
 
 And now would prove, that words and oath 
 
 itself on so important an occasion ; and his rhetoric and jargon 
 would not have been les politic or entertaining, than that of 
 the two orators here characterised. (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 520. I mean Marg'reVs fast.'] In those times, the word 
 saint was not permitted to be given to any but the friends to the 
 rebellion ; and the churches which were culK-d Saint Margaret's, 
 Saint Clement's, Saint Martin's, Saint Andrew's, they called 
 Margaret's, Clement's, Martin's, Andrew's. (Dr. B.) 
 
 Some of their forefathers amongst the disciplinarians, such as 
 Penry, the author of Martin Mar-Prelate, instead of Saints, 
 styled some of the apostles and the V^irgin Mary, in derision. 
 Sirs ; as Sir Peter, Sir Paul, Sir Mary. See Bishop Couper's 
 Preface to his Admonition to the People of England. 
 
 The fast referred to might be either that appointed upon Oli- 
 ver Cromwell's death, to be held September 10, 1658, Mercu- 
 rius Politicus, No. 433, p. 823; or that appointed by Richard 
 Cromwell, and his council, September 24, to be held 13th of 
 October following, Mercurius Politicus, J\o. 435, p. 880; or 
 that appointed Dec. 17, for the 29th, Mercurius Politicus, No. 
 546, p. 84. 
 
 ^' Let their priests prate and pray, 
 By order, and at Margaret's keep 
 An humiliation day." 
 
 Mercurius Pragmaticus, No. 4, April 25, 1648. 
 These fasts during the usurpation were not so frequent as be- 
 fore. It is observed, by Mr. Foulis (History of the wicked 
 Plots of the pretended Saints, p. 215), " That at the beginning 
 of the wars, a public monthly fast was appointed for the last 
 Wednesday of every month ; but no sooner had they got the 
 King upon the scaffold, and the nation fully secured to the Rump's 
 
 interest
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 377 
 
 Engage us to renounce them botli ? 
 515 *Tis true, the cause is in the lurch, 
 
 Between a right and mongrel church : 
 
 The Presbyter and Independent, 
 
 That stickle which shall make an end on't, 
 
 As 'twas made out to us the last 
 520 Expedient, (I mean Marg'ret's fast) 
 
 When providence had been suborn*d, 
 
 What answer was to be returned. 
 
 interest, but they thought it needless to abuse and gull the peo- 
 ple with a multitude of prayers and sermons and so by a parti- 
 cular act of their worships (April 23, 1649) nulled the procla- 
 mation for the observation of the former : all which verifieth 
 the old verses, 
 
 " The devil was sick, the devil a monk would be; 
 The devil was well, the devil a monk was he." 
 George Fox, the father of the Quakers, observes upon their fasts 
 in general (Journal, p. 194, 294), " That both in the time of 
 the long parliament, and of the Protector so called, and of the 
 committee of safety, when they proclaimed fasts, they were 
 commonly like Jezebels, and there was some mischief to be 
 done." Their fasting was mere outside shew and mockery : and, 
 in some respects, they were like the holy maid mentioned by 
 John Taylor the water poet (see his Jack-a-Lent, Works, p. 
 114, and an account likewise of-the Old Wife of Venice; Fou- 
 lis's History of the wicked Plots and Conspiracies of the pre- 
 tended faints, p. 215, from the Beehive of the Romish Church, 
 fol. 23), '* that enjoined herself to abstain four days from any 
 meat whatsoever ; and, being locked up close in a room, she 
 had nothing but her two books to feed upon : but the two books 
 were two painted boxes, made in the form of great bibles, with 
 clasps and bosses, the insides not having one word of God 
 
 in them. But the one was filled with sweetmeats, and th 
 
 other with wine ; upon which this devout votary did fast with 
 zealous meditation, eating up the contents of one book, and 
 drinking as contentedly the other.'' Vide Mirat^lum Fratris 
 Jejunantis Fascicul. Rer. expctendar. et fugiendar. p. 521. 
 
 V. 521. Jflien providence had been fubom'd.^ Alluding to thiS 
 impudence of those pretended saints, who frequently directed 
 
 TS 9od
 
 4t8 ITUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Else why should tumults fright us now, 
 We have so many times gone through ? 
 
 525 And understand as well to tame, 
 
 As, when they serve our turns, t' enflame. 
 Have prov'd how inconsiderable 
 Are all engagements of the rabble, 
 Whose frenzies must be reconcil'd, 
 
 530 With drums, and rattles, like a child; 
 But never prov'd so prosperous, 
 As when they were led on by us : 
 For all our scouring of religion 
 Began with tumults and sedition : 
 
 535 When hurricanes of fierce commotion 
 Became strong motives to devotion : 
 (As carnal seamen, in a stonn. 
 Turn pious converts, and reform) 
 
 God Almighty what answers he should return to their prayers, 
 IMr. Simeon Ash was called the God-challenger, Letter sent to 
 London from a spy at Oxford, 1643, p. 4. 
 
 V. 537, 538. As carnal seamen, in a stonn, Turn pious con- 
 verts, and reform.^ The cowardice of sailors, in a storm, is hu- 
 morously exposed by Rabelais, in the character of Panurge. 
 (Works, b. iv. chap, xviii. p. 78, &c.) " Murder! this wave 
 will sweep us away, Alas! the mizen-sail's split; the gallery's 
 washed away ; the masts are sprung ; the main top-mast head 
 drives into the sea ; the keel is up to the sun ; our shrouds are 
 almost all broke and blown away. Alas ! alas ! Who shall have 
 this wreck ? Friend, lend me here behind you one of these 
 .whales : Your lanthorn is fallen, my lads. Alas ! don't let go 
 the main-tack, nor the bowlin, I hear the block crack; is it 
 broke ? For the Lord's sake, let us save the hull, and let all the 
 rigging be d d Look to the needle of your compass, I be- 
 seech you, good Sir Astrophel, and tell us, if you can, whence 
 comes this storm ? My heart's sunk down below my midriff. 
 By my troth I am in a sad fright^I am lost for ever I conskite 
 
 myself
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 27 
 
 When rusty weapons, with chalk'd edges, 
 
 540 Maintain'd our feeble privileges,.. 
 And brown bills, levy'd in the city, 
 Made bills to pass the grand committee : 
 When zeal, with aged clubs and gleaves, 
 Gave chace to rochets and white sleeves, 
 
 545 And made the church, and state, and laws, 
 Submit, t' old iron, and the cause : 
 And as we thriv'd by tumults then, 
 So might we better now again. 
 If we knew how, as then we did, 
 
 550 To use them rightly in our need. 
 Tumults, bv which the mutinous 
 Betray themselves instead of us ; 
 The hollow-hearted, disaffected. 
 And close malignant, are detected : 
 
 myself for mere madness and fear I am drowned, I am gone, 
 good people I am drowned." See Shakespeare's Tempest, act 
 i. ; Tatler, No 111, Of the Atheist in a storm ; Amb's Ace, Sir 
 Roger L'Estrange's Fables, part ii. fab. 115. 
 
 T. 539. JVhefi rusty weapons zcith chalked edges.'] To fight with 
 riisty or poisoned weapons was against the law of arms ; So 
 when the citizens used the former, they chalked the edges. 
 (Mr. W.) See Hamlet, Shakespeare's Plays, vol. tii. p. 342. 
 
 V. 544. Gave chace to rochets and -white sleeves.'] Alluding to the 
 insults of the mob upon the bishops in those tin>es. Lord Cla- 
 rendon informs uS (History of the Rebeirion, vol. i. p. 266) 
 *' That the mob laid hands upon the Archbishop of York, going 
 to the house of peers, in that manner, that, if he had not been 
 seasonably rescued, it was believed, they would have murdered 
 him : So that all the bishops antl many members of both houses 
 withdrew themselves from attending, from a real apprehension 
 of endangering their lives." See French Report, Loyal Songs, 
 reprinted 1731, vol. i. No. 1 1, p. 25. See the word rochets ex- 
 plauied, Wheatley's Rational Illustration. 
 
 T4 V. 565
 
 flSO IIUDIBRAS. Paiit III. 
 
 555 Who lay their lives and forJ:unes down, 
 
 For pledges to secure our own ; 
 
 And freely sacrifice their ears 
 
 T' appease our jealousies and fears. 
 
 And yet for all these providences 
 560 W are offer'd, if we had our senses. 
 
 We idly sit like stupid blockheads, 
 
 Our hands committed to our pockets ; 
 
 And nothing but our tongues at large, 
 
 To get the wretches a discharge. 
 565 Like men condemn'd to thunder- bolts, 
 
 Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts : 
 
 Or fools besotted with their crimes, 
 
 That know not how to shift betimes; 
 
 And neither have the hearts to stay, 
 .570 Nor wit enough to run away : 
 
 Who, if we could resolve on either. 
 
 Might stand or fall at least together; 
 
 No mean nor trivial solace 
 
 To partners in extreme distress ; 
 575 Who use to lessen their despairs 
 
 By parting them int* equal shares ; 
 
 As if the more they were to bear, 
 
 T. 565, 666. Like men condemned to thunder-bolts^ Who^ ere 
 the blow, become mere dolts.'] viz. soldiers condemned to be 
 shot. 
 
 *< Quos perdere Tult Jupiter, hos prius dcmentat." 
 
 This has happened to some men from loss affecting circumstances. 
 The famous Italian poet Tasso being imprisoned by order of the 
 Duke of Ferrara, for a challenge given in his palace, upon 
 which a duel ensued, vras, in his confinement, deje6led with so 
 deep a melancholy, that it terminated in a stupidity. Mr. Fen- 
 ton's
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 281 
 
 They felt the weight the easier : 
 And every one the gentler hung, 
 
 580 The more he took his turn among. 
 But 'tis not come to that, as yet, 
 If we had courage left, or wit : 
 Who, when our fate can be no worse, 
 Are fitted for the bravest course ; 
 
 585 Have time to rally, and prepare 
 Our last and best defence, despair: 
 Despair, by which the gallant'st feats 
 Have been achiev'd in greatest straits, 
 And horrid'st dangers safely wav'd, 
 
 590 By being courageously out-brav'd ; 
 
 As wounds by wider wounds are heal'd, 
 And poisons by themselves expell'd : 
 And so they might be now again, 
 If we were, what we should be, men ; 
 
 595 And not so dully desperate 
 
 To side against ourselves with fate : 
 As criminals condemn'd to suffer, 
 Are blinded first, and then turn'd over. 
 This comes of breaking covenants, 
 
 600 And setting up exauns of saints, 
 
 ton's Observations on Waller's Poems, 4to. p. 18. See another 
 instance of an innocent curate by mistake, taken up by the In- 
 quisition in Italy, Baker's History of the Inquisition, p. 332. 
 
 V. 592. And poisons by themselves expeWd.'] See annotations 
 on Religio Medici, 1672, p. 213 ; Dr Derham's Physico-Theo- 
 logy, book ii. chap. vi. p. 56, 57, 7th edit, 
 
 V. 600. And setting np exauns of sainls.lj This' is false printed : 
 it should be writt^ exemts or exempts^ which is 9, French word 
 
 pro-
 
 1S2 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That fine, like aldermen, for grace, 
 To be excus'd the efficace. 
 For spiritual men are too transcendent, 
 That mount their banks for independent, 
 
 605 To hang, like ^lahomet, in the air, 
 Or St. Ignatius, at his prayer, 
 By pure geometry, and hate 
 Dependence upon church or state : 
 Disdain the pedantry o* th* letter, 
 
 610 And since obedience is better 
 
 pronounced exauns. (Mr. D.) Exempt des giiardcs du corps ; 
 an exempt^ a life-guard, free from duty. Beyer's French Dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 V. 601. Thatjine, like aldermen, for grace. '\ Formerly, whe- 
 ther it be so still in London I know not, when a man fined for 
 alderman, he commonly had the title, and was calK-d Mr. Al- 
 derman, though he sat not on the bench. These fanatics, if they 
 were generous to the holder-forth, and duly paid him a good 
 fine, received grace, and became saints by that means, though 
 their lives were very wicked. (Dr. B.) 
 
 T. 605. To hang, like Mahomet, in the air.'] " Travellers 
 ^lave told us of two magnets, that are placed one of them in the 
 roof, and the other on the lioor of Mahomet's burying-place at 
 Mecca ; and by that means (say they) pull the impostor's iron 
 coffin with such an equal attraction, that it hangs in the air be- 
 tween both of them." Spectator, No, 191. They mistake the 
 place of his burial ; for I think both Dr. Prideaux and Mr. Ro- 
 land agree in this particular, that he was buried at Medina, 
 where he died, and under the bed where he died ; as appears 
 from AbuUFeda his contemporary : " Sepultus est sub lecto Id 
 quo mortuus est ; Tumulum ci effodet Abu-Talha Al. Ansarius." 
 (Ismael Abul-Feda dc vita Mohanimedis, cd. Oxon. 1723, per 
 Jo. Gaguier, p. 141. Not. Gagnier.) " Idem vir Cl. Po- 
 cockius, ibid, nostrorum honiinum de sepulchro Mohamniedls 
 ignorantiam, merito perstringit his verbis. Unde igitur nobis 
 Mohammedis cistaferrea inclusis ; et magnetum vi in aerc pcn- 
 dulus? HfBC cum Mohammedistis recitantur, risu exploduntur, 
 ut nostrorum in ipsorum rebus, inscitias argumcntum." See 
 Le Blanc's Travels, part i. chap. iv. p. 13; and the report of 
 
 the
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 283 
 
 (The scripture says) than sacrifice, 
 Presume the less on 't will suffice ; 
 And scorn to have the moderat*st stints 
 Prescrib'd their peremptory hints, 
 
 615 Or any opinion, true or false, 
 Declared as such, in doctrinals : 
 But left at large to make their best on. 
 Without being call'd t' account or question. 
 Interpret all the spleen reveals, 
 
 620 As Whittington explain'd the bells ; 
 
 the coffin's being swallowed up by the opening of the parement 
 of the temple, Turkish Spy, vol. iv. book iv. letter ii. 
 
 V. 606. Or St. Ignatius, at Ms prayer.'] *The legend says of 
 Ignatius Loyola, that his zeal and devotion transported him so, 
 that at his prayers he has been seen to be raised from the ground 
 for some considerable time together. Vide MafFei Vit. Ignatii, 
 lib. i. cap. vii. p. 297, 298, edit. Colon. Agrippin. 1590 ; Mr, 
 Henry Wharton's tract, entitled, The Enthusiasm of the Church 
 of Rome, demonstrated in some Observations upon the Life of 
 Ignatius Loyola, London 1688, p. 69, &c. 
 
 V, 609. Disdain the pedantry o^ ill' letter.'] See Note, Part II. 
 Canto ii. v. 211. 
 
 V. 620. As Whittington explain' d the bells.'] Referring to the 
 old ballad, in which are the following lines ; 
 
 " So from the merchant-man 
 
 Whittington secretly 
 Towards his country ran, 
 
 To purchase liberty. 
 But as he Avent along, 
 
 In a fair summer's morn, 
 London bells sweetly rung, 
 
 Whittington back return: 
 Evermore sounding so, 
 
 Turn again Whittington ; 
 For thou in time shalt grow 
 
 Lord Mayor of London i 
 And to the city's praise. 
 
 Sir Richard Whittington 
 
 Came
 
 284 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And bid themselves turn back again 
 
 Lord May'rs of New Jerusalem : 
 
 But look so big and overgrown. 
 
 They scorn their edifiers t' own, 
 625 Who taught them all their sprinkling lessons. 
 
 Came to be in his days, 
 Thrice Mayor of London." 
 
 Four times, Weever's 
 Funeral Monuments. 
 See a full account of him and his great benefactions, Stowe's 
 Survey of London, 4to, 1599 ; Weever's Ancient Funeral Mo- 
 numents, p. 434; Baker's Chronicle, edition 1670, p. 169; 
 Echard's Ilistory of England, vol. i. p. 434 ; Rapin's History, 
 folio edit. vol. i. p. 504; Famous and remarkable History of 
 Sir Richard Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of London, writ- 
 ten by T. H. Vulgaria, vol. iii. No. 12, Bibliothec. Pepysian. 
 The Tatler observes, (No. 78,) " That Alderman Whittington 
 began the Avorld with a cat, and died worth three hundred and 
 fifty thousand pounds, which he left to his only daughter three 
 years after his mayoralty." And the author of A Tale of a 
 Tub merrily observes npon the story of Whittington and his 
 cat, " That it is the work of that mysterious Rabbi, Jehuda 
 Hannasi, containing a defence of the Gemera of the Jerusalem 
 Misna, and its just preference to that of Babylon, contrary to 
 the vulgar opinion." Introduction, p. 49. 
 
 V. C29, And learn' d ih^ apocryphal bigots.'] Their bigotry 
 against the Apocrypha was so remarkable, that even the most 
 learned amongst them, when opportunity offered, had a fling at 
 it ; and, among the rest, the learned Dr. Lightfoot (then mem- 
 ber of the Assembly of Divines,) " Thus sweetly and nearly 
 (says he) stand the two testaments joined together, and thus 
 divinely would they kiss each other, but that the wretched 
 Apocrypha does thrust in between ; like the two cherubims, be- 
 twixt the temple oracle, they would touch each other, the end 
 of the law with the beginning of the gospel, did not this patchery 
 of human inventions divorce them asunder." Lightfoot's Fast 
 Sermon before the Commons, March 9, 1643, called Ellas 
 Redivivus, p. 5 ; Cent, of eminent Presbyterian preachers, 
 p. 87. This prejudice of theirs is humorously bantered 
 by Sir Roger L'Estrange, see Fable, entitled, A Wonderful 
 Antipathy, 2d part, fab. 241. He tells us of a lady, that had 
 undoubtedly been choaked with a piece of an apple-tart, if her 
 next neighbour at the table had not dexterously got it out of her 
 throat, She was a tender-conscienced creaturt, and the tart, 
 
 it
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 25 
 
 Their tones and sanctify'd expressions ; 
 Bestow'd their gifts upon a saint, 
 Like charity on those that want ; 
 And learn'd th' apocryphal bigots 
 630 T' inspire themselves with short-hand notes ; 
 
 it seems, was bottomed with a piece of the Apocrypha; and her 
 antipathy to that kind of trade would have been as much as her 
 life was worth, if she had not been seasonably reliev'd. 
 V. 630. 2' inspire themselves with short -hayid notes ,~\ 
 " And his way to get all this 
 Is mere dissimulation, 
 No factious lecture does he miss, 
 
 And 'scapes no schism that's in fashion ; 
 But, with short hair, and shining shoes, 
 He with two pens and note book goes, 
 And winks, and writes at random; 
 Then with short meal and tedious grace, 
 In a loud tone, and public place, 
 Sings Wisdom's hymns, that trot and pace ' 
 As if Goliah scann'd 'um." 
 The Reformation Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 17al, 
 
 Tol.i. No, 65, Stan. 7. 
 This practice is likewise bantered by the author of A Satire 
 against Hypocrites. 
 
 " There Will writes short-hand \\\i\\ a pen of brass ; 
 O, how he 's wonder'd at by many an ass ! 
 That see him shake so fast his warty fist. 
 As if he'd write the sermon 'fore the priest 
 
 Has spoke it . p. 5. 
 
 Stand up, good middle-isle folks, and give room, 
 See where the mothers and the daughters come : 
 Behind, the servants looking all like martyrs, 
 With bibles, in plush jerkins, and blue garters ; 
 The silver inkhorn and the writing book, 
 In which I wish no friend of mine to look ; 
 Lest he be cross'd, and bless'd with all the charms 
 That can procure him aid from conjurers' harms. 
 
 Id. ibid. p. 8. 
 But they that did not mind the doleful passion, 
 Follow'd their business on another fashion : 
 For all did write, the elders and the novice ; 
 Metbought the church look'd like the six clerks office." 
 
 Ibid. p. 17. 
 T. 635.
 
 186 nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 For which they scorn and hate them worse, 
 Than clogs and cats do sow-geldcrs. 
 For who first hred them up to pray, 
 And teach the House of Commons' way ; 
 
 635 Where had they all their gifted phrases, 
 But from our Calamies and Cases ? 
 Without whose sprinkling and sowing. 
 Who e'er had heard of Nye or Owen ? 
 Their dispensations had heen stifled, 
 
 640 But for our Adoniram Byfield ; 
 
 T. 636. Bui from our Calamies and Cases."] Calamy and Case 
 were chief men among the Presbyterians, as Owen and Nye 
 were amongst the Independents. (Dr. B.) 
 
 Sir John Birkenhead (see Paul's Church-j^ard, cent. iii. class 
 X. xxi.) makes it a query, " AVhcther Calamy and Case were 
 not able to fire the Dutch armada Avith the breath of their nos- 
 trils, and the assistance of Oliver's burning-glass, (his nose) from 
 the top of Paul's steeple, and save the watermen the danger of 
 a sea-right." Sec a further account, Impartial Examination of 
 Mr. Nealc's 3d vol. of the History of the Puritans, p. 172, mar, 
 gin. 
 
 It is observed of Mr. Edmund Calamy (in a tract, entitled, 
 The Arraignment of Persecution, p. 16,^ " That he was a man 
 newly metamorphosed, by a figure which rhetoricians call Mt% 
 tonymia Beneficii, from Episcopacy to Presbytery." And (in 
 another, entitled, A Looking-glass for Schismatics, 1725, p. 88) 
 " That when the bishops did bear rule, he was highly conform- 
 able in wearing the surplice and tippet, reading the service at the 
 high altar, bowing at the name of Jesus, and so zealous an ob, 
 server of times and seasons, that, being sick and weak on Christ- 
 mas-day, with much difficulty he got into the pulpit, declaring 
 himself there to this purpose : That he thought himself in con, 
 science bound to preach tliat day, lest the stones of the streets 
 should cry against him. And yet, upon a turn of the times, in 
 a Fast Sermon upon Christmas-day, 1644, p. 41, housed the 
 following words : " This year, God, by his providence, has 
 buried this feast in a fast, and I hope it will never rise again." 
 
 V. 640. But for our Adoniram Bj/Jield.\ He was a broken 
 apothecary, a zealous covenanter, one of the scribes to the As- 
 sembly of Divines j and, no doubt, for his great zeal and pains- 
 
 2 taking
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 287 
 
 And, had they not begun the war, 
 
 Th' had ne'er been sainted as they are : 
 
 For saints in peace degenerate, 
 
 And dwindle down to reprobate; 
 64.5 Their zeal corrupts, like standing water, 
 
 In th* intervals of war and slaughter ; 
 
 Abates the sharpness of its edge, 
 
 Without the power of sacrilege: 
 
 And though they *ve tricks to cast their sins, 
 650 As easy as serpents do their skins, 
 
 faking in his office, he had the profit of printing the Directory, 
 the copy wheroof was sold for 4001. though, when printed, the 
 price was but three-pence. It is queried by Sir John Birken- 
 head (Paul's Church-yard, cent. i. class iv. xci.) '' Whether 
 the stationer, who gave 4001. for the Directory, was cursed with 
 bell and candle, as well as book?" Overton (Arraignment of 
 Persecution, p. 39) says, he gave 4501. for it. 
 
 This Byfield was father to the late celebrated Dr. Byfield, the 
 sal-volatile doctor. Mr. Cleveland, in his Hue and Cry after 
 Sir John Presbyter, has the following lines upon him : 
 
 " If you meet any that do thus attire 'em. 
 Stop them, they are the tribe of Adoniram." 
 
 V. 648. Without the power of sacrilege. ~\ It is an observation 
 made by many writers upon the Assembly of Divines, That in 
 their annotations upon the Bible they cautiously avoid speaking 
 upon the subject of sacrilege. 
 
 V. 650. As easy as serpents do their skins.'] To this Virgil al- 
 ludes, iEneid ii. 471, &c. 
 
 " Qualis ubi in lucera coluber mala gramina pastus," &c. 
 " So shines, rcnew'd in youth, the crested snake, 
 Who slept the winter in a thorny brake ; 
 And, casting off his skin when spring returns, 
 Now looks aloft, and with new glory burns." 
 
 Drydcn. 
 And in another place, Georgic. lib. iii. 438, 439. 
 *' Cum positis novus cxuviis, nitidusque juventa 
 Vplvitur." 
 
 Lucretius
 
 588 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That in a while grow out again, 
 In peace they turn mere carnal men, ' - 
 And from the most rcfin'd of saints 
 
 Lucretius speaks to the same purpose De Rerum Natur^, lilu 
 iii. 613, 614. 
 
 " Scd magls ire foras, vcstcinque relinquere, ut anguis 
 Gauderet prailonga senex." 
 
 *' As snakes, whene'er the circling year returns, 
 Rejoice to cast their skins, or deer their horns." 
 
 Creech. 
 And so does Mr. Spenser, Faery Queen, book ix. canto iii. stan. 
 29. Toi. iii. p. 582. 
 
 " Like as a snake, whom weary winter's teen [sorrow] 
 Hath worn to naught, now feeling summer's might, 
 Casts off his skin, and freshly doth him dight" [dress} 
 See Lord Bacon's Natural History, cent. viii. p. 154; Shake- 
 speare's Midsummer Night's Dream, Works, vol. i. p. 99 ; Dr. 
 Derham's Physico-Theology, book ix. chap. i. p. 398, 7th edit. 
 V. 655. As barnacles tuni'd Soland geese.^\ It is said, that, in 
 the Orcades of Scotland, there are trees which bear these bar- 
 nacles, which, dropping into the water, become Soland geese. 
 To this opinion Du Bartas alludes. Divine Weeks, p. 2'i8. 
 
 " So Slow Bootes underneath him sees, 
 
 In th' icy isles, those goslings hatch'd of trees ; 
 
 Whose fruitful leaves, falling into the water. 
 
 Are turn'd, they say, to living fowls soon after : 
 
 So rotten sides of brokan ships do change 
 
 To barnacles ; O transformation strange ! 
 
 'Twas first a green tree, thea a gallant hull ; 
 
 Lately a mushroom, then a flying gull." 
 Dr. Turner, an Englishman, gave in to this opinion, as Wicr- 
 us observes (De Prsestigiis Daemon, lib. iii. cap. 24 ;) and, of 
 later years, Sir Robert Moray, who, in his relation concerning 
 Barnacles, (Philosophical Transactions, vol. xi. No. cxxxvii. p. 
 925, 926,) gives the following account: *' These shells hang at 
 the tree by a nock longer than the shell : of a kind of filmy 
 substance, round and hollow, and creased, not unlike the wind- 
 pipe of a chicken ; spreading out broadest where it is fastened 
 to the tree, from which it seems to draw and convey the matter, 
 which serves for the growth and vegetation of the shell, and the 
 little bird within it. 
 
 *' This l)ird, in every shell that 1 opened, as well the least as 
 *' the biggest, I found so curiously and completely formed, that 
 
 " there
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 289 
 
 As naturally grow miscreants, 
 655 As barnacles turn Soland geese 
 In th' islands of the Orcades. 
 
 *' there appeared nothing wanting as to the external parts for 
 " making up a perfect sea-fowl ; every little part appearing so 
 *' distinctly, that the whole looked like a large bird seen through 
 " a concave or diminishing glass, the colour and feature being 
 " every where so clear and neat. The little bill like that of a 
 *' goose, the eyes marked, the head, neck, breast, and wings, 
 " tail and feet formed, the feathers every where perfectly 
 " shaped, and blackish coloured, and the feet like those of 
 " other water-fowl, to the best of my remembrance : all being 
 *' dead and dry, 1 did not look after the inward parts of them ; 
 " but having nipped off and broken a great many of them, I 
 " carried about twenty or twenty-four away with me. The big- 
 " gest I found upon the tree was about the size of the figure 
 " here representing them : nor did I ever see any of the little 
 *' birds alive, nor meet with any body that did ; only some cre- 
 " dibic persons assured me, they have seen some as big as their 
 *' fist." See a further account of the Scottish barnacle, and the 
 French macreuse of the duck kind, Philosophical Transactions, 
 vol. XV. No. 172, p. 1036. 
 
 Mr. Cleveland, from this tradition, has raised a pungent satire 
 against the Scots. 
 
 A voider for the nonce. 
 
 I wrong the dovil, shou'd I pick their bones; 
 That dish is his, for, when the Scots decease, 
 Hell, like their nation, feeds on barnacles. 
 A Scot, when from the gallow tree got loose, 
 Drops into Styx, and turns a Soland goose." 
 My friend, the Reverend Mr. William Smith of Bedford, ob- 
 serves, that it is a fact well known in all fens, that the wild 
 geese and ducks forsake them in laying time, going away to the 
 uninhabited (or very little frequented) isles in Scotland, in or- 
 der to propagate their several kinds with greater safety ; their 
 young ones, as soon as hatched, are naturally led by them into 
 creeks and ponds, and this, he imagines, gave rise to the old 
 vul^tr error, that geese spring from barnacles. " I have for- 
 me^ (says he) upon Ulls-water (which is seven miles long, 
 one*mile broad, and about twenty fathoms deep, and parts 
 Westmoreland from Cumberland) seen many thousands of them 
 together, with their new broods, in the month of October, in a 
 calm and serene day, resting (as it were) in their travels to the 
 Vol. II. U more
 
 280 HUDIBRAS, Part III. 
 
 Their dispensation's but a ticket, 
 For their conforming to the wicked, 
 With whom the greatest difference 
 
 660 Lies more in words and shew than sense: 
 For as the Pope, that keep* the gate 
 Of heaven, wears three crowns of state; 
 So he that keeps the gate of hell, 
 Proud Cerb*rus, wears three heads as well ; 
 
 665 And if the world has any troth. 
 Some have been canoniz'd in both. 
 
 more southern parts of Great Britain. And girc me leave to 
 add, that one Mr. Drummond, in a poem of his called Poiemo- 
 Middinia, entities the rocky island of Bass, Bassa Solgosifera 
 (p. 2, edit. 1691, Oxon. 4to.) Captain Tslezer, in his fine cuts 
 of Scotland, exhibits an exceeding beautiful prospect of the said 
 island, with the wild fowl flying over, or swimming all around. 
 I had almost forgot to tell you, that almost all the drakes stay 
 behind in Deping-Fen, in Lincolnshire." 
 
 John Major (an ancient Scotch historian, De Reb. Gest. 
 Scotor. lib. i. fol, 10. edit. 1521) seems to confirm this in some 
 respects : " Ilac anates, ant hi anseres, in vere, tnrmatim a me- 
 ridic ad rupcm Bas quotannis veniunt, et rupem duobus vel tri- 
 bus diebus circumvolitant : quo in tempore rupcra inhabitantcs 
 nullum tumultum faciunt ; tunc nidificare incipiunt, et tota xs. 
 tate manent, et piscibus vivunt." 
 
 See a further account. Bishop Gibson's Camden, vol. ii. col. 
 1184: Bishop Hall's Meditations, &c, 1615, p. 72 ; Sir Thomas 
 Browne's Vulgar Errors, book iii. ch. 28. 
 
 T. 661, 66'i. For as the Pope, that keeps the gate Of heaven.} 
 St. Peter is, by Popish writers, called Janitor Ecclesiae, (Vide 
 Sanderi, lib. de Clave David, cap. i. p. 10, edit. Wiceburgi, 
 1592 ; Princip. Fidei Doctrinal, jiemonstrat aTho. Stapletono, 
 cent. ii. lib. vi. cap. vi. p. 216, Parisiis, 1579). Mr. Laurence 
 Ilowel observes (History of the Pontificate, p. 17,) " That an 
 epistle ascribed to Pope Calixtus probably gave occasion to that 
 idle fable of St. Peter's being the porter of heaven. For the 
 author of it, exciting people to several Christian duties, pro- 
 miscs them the reward of eternal glory by Jesus Christ, and t"hat 
 St. Peter should open to them the gates of s^ory. These (says
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. Ml 
 
 But that which does them greatest harm, 
 Their spiritual gizzards are too warm, 
 Which puts the over-heated sots 
 
 670 In fever still like other goats ; 
 
 For though the whore bends heretics, 
 With flames of lire, like crooked sticks, 
 Our schismatics so vastly differ, 
 Th' hotter th' are, they grow the stiffer ; 
 
 675 Still setting off their spiritual goods 
 With fierce and pertinacious feuds. 
 
 he) arc mere dreams of old women, to make St. Peter porter of 
 heaven ; as if the gates of it were not committed to all the pas- 
 tors of the church, with St. Peter." See the tale of Sextus 
 Quintus, Sir Francis Bacon's Apophthegms, No. 110, Resusci- 
 tatio, p. 237. 
 
 " Funebre autem sacrum faciunt pro defunctis (Graeci et Ru- 
 theni) quod ii sufl'ragiis tolerabiliorum animabus locum impe- 
 trari spcrant, ubi facilius extremum diem judicii expectare pos- 
 sunt: ctiam cum aliquis magii* authoritatis vir moritur ; tunc 
 Metropolitanus, sive Episcopus epistolam ad Sanctum Petrum 
 scribit, sigillo suo, ct mauus subscriptione munitam, quam supeir 
 pectus defunct! ponit, dans testimonium de bonis piisque operi- 
 bus ejus, utique in coelum facilius post diem judicii admitteretUfjj 
 et Christianas religionis Catholicae agnoscatur, subscribunt." 
 
 Rer. Muscovitar. Comment, a Sigismundo, &c. 1600, p. 174. 
 
 V. 663, 664. So lie that keeps the gate of heUy Proud Qerb'^ 
 rus, n-ears three heads as zsell.J^ 
 
 " Tenetque inhiana tria Cerberus ora." 
 
 Virg. Georg. ir. 48 ?. 
 
 To this fable Mr. Spenser alludes, Faery Queen, book i. 
 canto T. Stan. 34, vol. i. p. 83. 
 
 " Before the threshold dreadful Cerberus 
 His three deformed heads did lay along, 
 Curl'd with a thousand adders venomous, 
 
 And lolled forth his bloody, flaming tongue: 
 At them he 'gan to rear his bristles strong. 
 
 And felly gnar^. ^-^" 
 
 U 2 T. 680.
 
 292 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 For zeal's a dreadful termagant, 
 That teaches saints to tear and rant, 
 And Independents to profess 
 
 680 The doctrine of dependencies ; 
 
 Turns meek and secret sneakinsr ones 
 To Raw-heads fierce and Bloody-hones ; 
 And not content with endless quarrels 
 Against the wicked, and their morals, 
 
 685 The Gibellines, for want of Guelfs, 
 Divert their rage upon themselves. 
 For, now the war is not between 
 The brethren and the men of sin. 
 But saint and saint to spill the blood 
 
 690 Of one another's brotherhood, 
 
 Where neither side can lay pretence 
 
 V. 680. The doctrine of dependencies.^ I have heard of an In- 
 dependent teacher, who came to subscribe at the sessions, and 
 being asked by the gentlemen on the bench of what sect he was ? 
 he told them that he was an Independent ; Why an Indepen- 
 dent? says one of the justices. I am called an Independent 
 (says he) because I depend upon my bible. 
 
 V. 682. To Rais-heads fierce, and Bloody -bones. ~\ The author 
 of a Dialogue between Timothy and Philatheus, (Introduction, 
 p. 33,) speaking of that barbarous custom among the Heathens 
 of sacrificing their children : " It came to pass with some of 
 them (says he,) that they made nothing to bake and stew their 
 children, without pepper and salt, and to invite such of their 
 gods as they best liked to the entertainment. This gave rise to 
 the natural apprehensions all our little ones hare of raw-heads 
 and bloody-bones. And, I must needs tell you, I should not 
 have liked it myself ; but should have took to my heels at the 
 first sound of the stew-pan ; and, besides that, have had a mor- 
 tal aversion to minched meat ever after." 
 
 T. 685. 7'Ae Gibellines, for want of Guelfs.'] Monteth of Sal- 
 lionet (see his History of the Troubles of Great Britain, trans. 
 
 lated.
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 29J 
 
 To liberty of conscience, 
 
 Or zealous suffering for the cause, 
 
 To gain one groat's worth of applause ; 
 
 6^5 For, though endur'd with resolution, 
 'Twill ne'er amount to persecution : 
 Shall precious saints, and secret ones. 
 Break one another's outward bones, 
 And eat the flesh of bretheren, 
 
 700 Instead of kings and mighty men ? 
 When fiends agree among themselves, 
 Shall they be found the greater elves ? 
 When Bell 's at union with the Dragon, 
 And Baal-Peor friends with Dagon; 
 
 705 When savage bears agree with bears. 
 Shall secret ones lug saints by th' ears, 
 
 lated, 2d edit, 1739, in folio, p. 23) compares the Covenanter* 
 and Anti-Covenanters to the Guelfs and Gibellines. These 
 were two opposite factions in Italy, that engaged against each 
 other, in the thirteenth century, one in behalf of the Emperor, 
 and the Other in behalf of the Pope. 
 
 Factiones Guelforum pro Pontifice, et Gibellinorum pro 
 Caisare in Italia oriiintHr, 1245, Chronograph. Ecclesiae Chris- 
 tiana; a Henrico Pantaleone, Basilea?, 1568, p. 99; Sledani 
 Comment, lib. xiv. p. 294, edit. Francofurti ad Maenum, 1568 ; 
 Naucleri Chronograph, vol. ii. p. 827 ; Notit. Romani Germa- 
 nic. Imperii, lib. iv. cap. iv. p. 205, &c. ; Jo. Dubravii Olomu- 
 zensis Episcopi, Histor. Boiemic. lib. xv. p. 143; Whetstone's 
 English Mirrour, 1580', lib. i. ch. ix. p. 65 ; PuffendorPs Intro- 
 duction to the History of Europe, 6th edit. p. 310, 643, 644, 
 &c. 
 
 Dr. Heylin observes (Cosmography, edit. 1670, p. 130,) 
 *' That some are of opinion, that the fiction of elfs and goblins, 
 whereby Ave used to fright young children, was derived from 
 Guelfs and Gibellines." Vide Skioneri Etymolog. Linguas An- 
 glicanas, sub voce Goblins. 
 
 T. 705. When savage bears agree mlh bears.'l 
 
 Us " Quando
 
 4 HCDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And not atone their fatal wrath. 
 
 When common danger threatens both ? 
 
 Shall mastiffs, by the collars piiird, 
 710 Engag'd with bulls, let go their hold? 
 
 And saints, whose necks are pawn'd at stake, 
 
 No notice of the danger take ? 
 
 But though no power of heaven or hell 
 
 Can pacify fanatic zeal, 
 715 Who would not guess there might be hopes, 
 
 The fear of gallowses and ropes, 
 
 Before their eyes, might reconcile 
 
 Their animosities awhile, 
 
 At least until th' had a clear stage, 
 720 And equal freedom to engage. 
 
 Without the danger of surprise 
 
 By both our common enemies ? 
 
 This none but we alone could doubt, 
 
 Who understand their workings out, 
 725 And know 'em both in soul and conscience, 
 
 Oiv'n up t* as reprobate a nonsense 
 
 < Quantlo 
 
 Indica tigris agit cum rabida tigride paccm 
 Perpetuam : Saevis inter se convenit ursis." 
 
 J u renal 5 sat, xv. 
 
 ,<* Tiger with tiger, bear with bear you'll find 
 In leagues offelisive and defensive join'd." 
 
 Ju renal 5 sat, xv. 163, 1(J4. 
 Drydcn. 
 
 *' B^'ars do agree with their o\^n kind ; 
 Bnt he was of such a cruel mind, 
 He kiird his brother cobbler before he had dinM." 
 
 An Hymn to the Gentle Craft, or Hewson's Lamentation, 
 Collection ot Loyal Songs, vol. ii. No. 54. 
 
 V. 733
 
 Canto It. HUDIBRAS. 80^ 
 
 As spiritual outlaws, whom the power 
 
 Of miracle can ne'er restore. 
 
 We, whom at first they set up under, 
 
 730 In revelation only of plunder, 
 
 Who since have had so many trials 
 Of their encroaching self-denials, 
 That ix)ok'd upon us with design 
 To out-reform, and undermine ; 
 
 755 Took all our interests and commands 
 Perfidiously out of our hands ; 
 Involv*d us in the guilt of hlood, 
 Without the motive-gains allow'd, 
 And made us serve as ministerial, 
 
 740 Like younger sons of father Belial. 
 And yet for all th' inhuman wrong, 
 Th' had done us and the cause so long, 
 We never fail'd to carry on 
 The work still, as w^e had begun ; 
 
 745 But true and faithfully obey*d, 
 
 And neither preach'd them hurt, nor pray*d j 
 
 V. 733. That rooked upon m with design.'] These pretended 
 saints at length, by their quarrels, fairly played the game into the 
 hands of the cavaliers ; and I cannot but compare them to those 
 wiseacres who found an oyster, and, to end the dispute, put it 
 to a traveller passing by to determine which had the better right 
 to it ? " The arbitrator very gravely takes out his knife, and 
 opens it, the plaintiff and defendant at the same time gaping at 
 the man, to see what would come on it. He loosens the fish, 
 gulps it down, and, as soon as ever the morsel was gone the way 
 of all flesh, wipes his mouth and pronounces judgment. " My 
 masters (says he, with the voice of authority) the Court has 
 ordered each of you a shell without costs ; and so pray go home 
 again and live peaceably among your neighbours. JU'Estrange's 
 Fables, parti, fab. 411. 
 
 U 4 T. 751
 
 296 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Nor troubled them to crop our ears, 
 
 Kor hang us Hke the cavaliers ; 
 
 Nor put them to the charge of gaols, 
 750 To find us pillories and carts* tails, 
 
 Or hangman's wages, which the state 
 
 Was forc'd (before them) to be at; 
 
 That cut, like tallies to the stumps, 
 
 Our ears for keeping true accompts, 
 755 And burnt our vessels, like a new 
 
 Seal'd peck, or bushel, for being true ; 
 
 But hand in hand, like faithful brothers. 
 
 Held for the cause against all others. 
 
 Disdaining equally to yield 
 760 One syllable of what we held. 
 
 T. 751. Or hangman'' s wages.'] Thirteen pence halfpenny hare 
 usually been called hangman's wages. 
 
 " For half of thirteen pence halfpenny wages, 
 I would have clear'd all the town cages, 
 And you shotild have been rid of all the sages, 
 
 I and my gallows groan.'' 
 The Hangman's last Will and Testament, Loyal Songs, vol. ii. 
 p. 238. To this, probably, the Author of a Tract, entitled, The 
 Marqui* of Argyle's last Will and Testament, published 1661, 
 p. 5. alludes, " Itevi^ to all the old Presbyterian serpents, that 
 have slipt their skins, and are winding themselves into favour in 
 the a-la-mod(' cassock. I bequeath to each a Scotch thirteen 
 pence halfpenny, for the use of 'Squire Dun (the hangman), who 
 shall shew them slip for slip.'' Hugh Peters, in a Traft entitled, 
 A Word to the Army, and two Words to the Kingdom, 1647, 
 prop. 19. advises, *' That poor thieves may not be hanged for 
 thirteen pence halfpenny, but that a galley may be provided to 
 row in the river or channel, to which they may be committed, 
 or employed in draining lands, or banished." 
 
 I cannot really say, whence that sum was called hangman's 
 wages, unless in allusion to the Halifax law, or the customary 
 law of the forest of Hard wick, by which every felon, taken within 
 
 the
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 297 
 
 And though we differ'd now and then 
 'Bout outward things, and outward men, 
 Our inward men, and constant frame 
 Of spirit, still were near the same. 
 
 765 And till they first began to cant, 
 And sprinkle down the covenant 
 We ne'er had call in any place, 
 Nor dream'd of teaching down free grace ; 
 But join'd our gifts perpetually 
 
 770 Against the common enemy. 
 
 Although t'was ours and their opinion, 
 Each other's church was but a Rimmon : 
 And yet for all this gospel union, 
 And outward shew of church communion, 
 
 the liberty or prec*in6ts of the said forest, with goods stolen to 
 the value of thirteen pence halfpenny, should, after three mar- 
 ket days in the town of Halifax, after his apprehension and con- 
 demnation, be taken to a gibbet there, and have his head cut 
 off from his body. See Mr. Wright's History of Halifax, 1738, 
 p. 87. 
 
 To this John Taylor alludes, in his poem, entitled, A very 
 merry wherry ferry Voyage, Works, p. 12. 
 " At Halifax, the law so sharp doth deal, 
 
 That whoso more than thirteen pence doth steal, 
 They have a gin, that, wond'rous quick and well, 
 Sends thieves all headlong into heaven or hell." 
 
 V. 765. And fill theyjirst began to cant.'\ From Mr. Andrew- 
 Cant, and his son Alexander, seditious preaching and praying in 
 Scotland was called canting. Mercurius Publicus, No. 9. p. 
 1632, 1633, 1661 ; Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 4th 
 vol. of the History of the Puritans, p. 126. 
 
 V. 77 1 , 772. Although 'twas ours and their opinion, Each other's 
 church was but a Rimnwn.^ See a remarkable instance in proof 
 from Mr. Long's book, entitled, No Protestant, but Dissenter's 
 Plot ; Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 4th vol. of the His- 
 tory of the Puritans, p. 217, &c. and John Abell's Letter, Thur- 
 loe's State Papers, vol. ii. p. 582. 
 
 T. 781.
 
 i 
 
 598 HUDIBRAS. Pa At III. 
 
 775 They'd ne*er admit us to oui^ shares 
 Of ruling church or state affairs ; 
 Nor give us leave t' absolve or sentence 
 T' our own conditions of repentance; 
 But shar'd our dividend o' the crown, 
 
 780 We had so painfully preach'd down ; 
 And forc'd us, though against the grain, 
 T' have calls to teach it up again : 
 For "twas but justice to restore 
 The wrongs we had received before ; 
 
 7S5 And, when *twas held ibrth in our way, 
 W had been ungrateful not to pay : 
 Who, for the right w' have done the nation, 
 Have earn'tl our temporal salvation. 
 And put our vessels in a way 
 
 750 Once more to come again in play. 
 For if the turning of us out 
 Has brought this providence about ; 
 And that our only suffering 
 
 T. 781, 782. And forced us, though af^ahist the grain, T' hate 
 tails to teach it vp again.'] Alluding either io tlie Presbyterian 
 plot, 1651, to restore tlie King, called Lore's Plot; for which 
 iVIr. Love, Mr. Jenkins, Mr. Case, Mr. Drake, Presbyterian 
 Ministers, with some of the laity, were seized and imprisoned ; 
 see Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 705 ; and Lord Cla- 
 fcndon's History of the Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 337, 338 ; and for 
 which Mr. Love and jNIr. Gibbons were beheaded on Tower- 
 hill, 22d of August, according to the sentence of the High Court 
 of .Tnstice, WhitJock^s Mem. 2d edit, p. 503 all the rest were 
 pardoned, Whitlock, ibid, p. 511 ; or to the attempt of the 
 Sco"ts io restore him, after he had taken the covenant, arul been 
 crovmcd at Scoon, Jan. 1, 1650-1. 
 
 Their behaviour towards him is notably girded in the follow- 
 la^ lines ; 
 
 < Now
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 299 
 
 Is able to bring in the King : 
 7^5 What would our actions not have done, 
 
 Had we been sufFer'd to go on ? 
 
 And therefore may pretend t* a share, 
 
 At least in carrying on the affair. 
 
 But whether that be so, or not, 
 800 W have done enough to have it thought ; 
 
 And that *s as good as if w' had done 't, 
 
 And easier pass'd upon account : 
 
 For, if it be but half deiiy*d, 
 
 'Tis half as good as justify'd. 
 405 The world is nat'rally averse 
 
 To all the truth it sees or hears, 
 
 But swallows nonsense, and a lie, 
 
 With greediness and gluttony; 
 
 And though it have the pique, and long, 
 SIO *Tis still for something in the wrong ; 
 
 As women long, when they *re with child, 
 
 For things extravagant and wild ; 
 
 *' Now for the King the zealous kirk. 
 'Gainst the Independent bleats, 
 When as, alas ! their only work 
 
 Is to renew old cheats : 
 If they can sit, vote what they list, 
 And crush the new states down ; 
 Then up go they, but neither Christ 
 Nor King shall have his own." 
 
 Sir John Birkenhead revived, p. 20. 
 
 V. 809. Andthough it have the pique, andleng.'] The pica is a 
 
 depraved and longing appetite of women with child, or girls in 
 
 the green sickness. See Pica and Citta^ Blanchard's Physical 
 
 Dictionary. 
 
 V. 811, 812. As Ttomen long^ when thet/'rewith ckild^ Fof 
 things extravagant and wild.'] Dr. Daniel Turner, in hi book, 
 
 De
 
 300 IIUDIBRAf?. rAHTlU. 
 
 For meats ridiculous and liilsome, 
 
 But seldom any thing that's wholesome; 
 
 815 And, like the world, men's jobbcrnoles, 
 Turn round upon their ears, the poles: 
 And what they *re confidently told, 
 l]y no sense else can be controird. 
 
 And this, perhaps, may prove the means 
 
 820 Once more to hedge in providence. 
 For as relapses make diseases 
 JMore desperate than their first accesses : 
 
 De Morbis Cutanefs, cap. xii. has given some rcry remarkable 
 instances of this kind : and, among the rest, one from Langiujr, 
 (upon the credit of that author) of a woman longing to bite the 
 naked shoulder of a baker passing by hor; Mhich rather than she 
 should lose, the good-natured husband hires the baker, at a cer- 
 tain price : accordingly, when the big-bellied woman had taken 
 two morsels, (he poor man, unable to hold out a third, would 
 not sulier her to bite again : for want of which she bore (as the 
 story goes) one dead child, with two living. 
 
 WoHius (Lc<^ion. JNlcmorab. par. ii. p. 9l6)gives the follow- 
 ing more remarkable (but barbarous) account, in the year 1580. 
 " Isthuc ajtatis Bretteburgi mulier gravida, desiderio sui mariti 
 capta, ac accensa edendi, eum noctu jugulavit. Et mortni sic 
 brac'iium ac latus sinistrum cingulo tenus devoravit. Reliqua 
 sale coiulita reposuit : volens ct ilia comedere. Interea vero tres 
 pe})orit filios, ct perpetuo clauditur carcerc." Imp. Had. II. 
 Pap. Creg. Xlll.See Sir Kcnohu Digby's Discourse concerning 
 the Powder of Sympathy. The merriest kind of longing was that 
 mentioned by Ben Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, act i. sc. vi. of 
 the lady who longed to spit in tlie great lawyer's mouth after an 
 eloquent pleading. Those unreasonable longings are exposed. 
 Spectator, No. 326 ; and the privileges allowed the big-bellied 
 omen, that longed in Spain, are mentioned, Lady's Travels 
 into Spain, part ii. letter ix. p. 153. 
 
 T. 815. yl/id like the ttorhl, moi's jobhernoles.~\ Vid.Skinneri 
 Lexic. Etymologic, and Rabelais's Works, passim. 
 
 T. 8 If}, 8'iO. And this ^ perhaps, niaij prove the means Once 
 more to halite in providence.^ A remarkable instance of this wc 
 find in a Book of Psalms, fitted, as the title page says, for the 
 ready use of all good Christians; printed by ao order of the 
 
 fomniittee
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 301 
 
 If we but get again in power, 
 
 Our work is easier than before ; 
 S25 And we more ready and expert 
 
 P th' mystery, to do our part. 
 
 We, who did rather undertake 
 
 The first war to create, than make ; 
 
 And, when of nothing 'twas begun, 
 830 Ilais'd funds, as strange, to carry 't on ; 
 
 Trepanned the state, and fac'd it down. 
 
 With plots and projects of our own : 
 
 committee of Commons for printing, April 2, 1644, signed 
 John White, Ps. xciv. 7, p. 193. 
 
 " The Lord yet shall not sec, they say, 
 Nor Jacob's God shall note.'' 
 
 There is a marginal explanation of Jacob's God the God 
 
 of the Puritans. Miserable Cavaliers indeed ! if they were nei- 
 ther to have a king left them on earth, nor a God in heaven. 
 (Mr. S. W.) 
 
 V. 830. RuiiPdfumb^as strange, to carry 7 07i.'\ See an account 
 of their remarkable funds, Walker's History of ludependoncy, 
 part i. p. 7, &c. ; Impartial examination of Mr Neale's 3d. vol. 
 of the History of the Puritans, p. 41, to 47, inclusive. Mr. 
 Walker observes, History of Independency, part ii. p. 253, 
 *' That there was an excise upon all that was eat, drank, or 
 worn." See a farther account of their unreasonable taxes, His- 
 tory of Independency, part iii. p. 7 ; and in a tract, entitled, 
 London's Account, or a calculation of the arbitrary and tyran- 
 nical exactions, taxations, impositions, excises, contributions, 
 subsidies, twentieth parts, and other assessments within the lines 
 of communication, during the four years of this unnatural war, 
 imprinted in the year 1647, thus calculated, p. 1 1, " That the 
 annual revenue, they say, is eleven hundred thousand pounds a 
 year ; but I place (says he) but one million.'' The taxes, (!tc. 
 raised by the rebels, 4,378,1001. which for the four yeais is 
 17,512,4001. See Loyal Convert, Oxford, 1644, p. 13. 
 
 V. 831,832. Trepanned (he state J andfac^ditdoKJi, fVitlipluts 
 ami projects of our oib/j.] Sir Roger L'Estrange calls it the old 
 cheat of creating new plots, Apology, p. 57. It was their con- 
 stant
 
 Sot ' * HUDIBRAS. PahtIU. 
 
 And, if wc did such feats at first, 
 
 What can we now we *re better versM ? 
 835 Who have a freer latitude, 
 
 Than sinners give themselves, allowM ; 
 
 And therefore hkeliest to bring in, 
 
 On fairest terms our discipline. 
 
 To which it was reveal'd long since 
 840 We were ordain*d by providence ; 
 
 When three saints ears our predecessors^ 
 
 The cause's primitive confessors, 
 
 Being crucify VI, the nation stood 
 
 In just so many years of blood, 
 845 That, multiply 'd by six, expressed 
 
 The perfect number of the beast. 
 
 And prov*d that we must be the men, 
 
 To bring this work about again ; 
 
 And those who laid the first foundation, 
 850 Complete the thorough reformation ; 
 
 stant practice, when they had any remarkable point to carry, t 
 pretend there was a plot on foot to subvert the constitution. See 
 Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, vol. i. p. 208, 209, 
 210 ; Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 2d vol. of the History 
 of the Puritans, p. 255. Mr. Walker observes of them (History 
 of Independency, part i. p. 77), " That, from the beginning, 
 they made lies their refuge." And elsewhere (ibid. p. 147), 
 " That they forged conspiracies and false news, to carry on their 
 base designs.'' '' Their greatest master-piece (says the writer 
 of a tract, entitled, The true Informer, 1643, p. 9) is to forge 
 counterfeit news, and to divulge and disperse it as far as they 
 can, to amuse the world, for the advancement of their designs, 
 and strengthening their party." See an account of one of their 
 sham plots. Second Part of the History of Independency, p. 67; 
 of a sham plot in Dorsetshire smelt out by Oliver and his bloods 
 
 houuds;
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. am 
 
 For who have gifts to carry on 
 
 So great a work but we alone ? 
 
 What churches have such able pastors, 
 
 And precious, powerful, preaching masters? 
 855 Possess'd with absolute dominions 
 
 O'er brethren's purses and opinions ? 
 
 And trusted with the double keys 
 
 Of heav'n and their ware-houses ; 
 
 Who, when the cause is in distress, 
 860 Can furnish out what sums they please, 
 
 That brooding lie in banker's hands, 
 
 To be dispos'd at their commands, 
 
 And daily increase and multiply, 
 
 With doctrine, use, and usury: 
 8^5 Can fetch in parties (as, in war, 
 
 All other heads of cattle are, ) 
 
 From th' enemy of all religions, 
 
 As well as high and low conditions, 
 
 hounds, id. ib. p. 229 ; variety of instances, in a tract, entitled, 
 Persecutio Undeciina, reprinted in folio, 1681, p. 33 ; Mr. Sym- 
 mons's Vindication of King Charles I. 8vo. p. 253 ; Sir Piiiiip 
 Warwick's Memoirs, p. 205 ; Presbyterian Prejudice displayed, 
 in answer to Mr. Benjamin Bennet's Memorial of the Reforma- 
 tion, 1722. p. 38. 
 
 V. 841. fVhen three saints ears, &c.] * Burton, Pryn, and 
 Bastwick, three notorious ringleaders of the factions, just at the 
 beginning of the late horrid rebellion. 
 
 T. 853, 854. What churches have sifch able pastors, Andpre- 
 cious, powerful, preaching masters ?2 What sort of preachers 
 these were, may be judged from their sermons, before the two 
 houses at Westminster, from the breaking out of the rebellion, 
 to the murder of the King. Extracts from them in a tract, en- 
 titled, A Century of eminent Presbyterian Preachers, and S'*" 
 Roger L'Estrange's Dissenters Sayings, in two parts. As to their 
 
 2 learning
 
 304" HUDIBRAS. Paut III, 
 
 And share them from blue ribbands down 
 
 870 To all blue aprons in the town : 
 From ladies hurried in calleches, 
 "With cornets at their footmen's breeches, 
 To bawds as fat as Mother Nab ; 
 All guts and belly, like a crab. 
 
 875 Our party's great, and better ty*d 
 
 With oaths, and trade, than any side ; 
 Has one considerable improvement, 
 
 learning and casuistry, the reader may find some cnrious speci- 
 mens in the first edition of the Assembl)^'s Annotations upon the 
 Bible, published in folio, 1643. Their note on Jacob's kids. 
 Gen. xxvii. 9. Tzco good kids.] " Two kids (say they) seem too 
 much for one dish of meat for an old man ; but, out of both, 
 they might take the choicest parts to make it dainty ; and the 
 juice of the rest might serve for sauce, or for the rest of the 
 family, m hich was not small." 
 
 And they observe upon Herod's cruelty, Matt. ii. 16. 
 
 Sentforth.^ *' Soldiers to kill the children without any legal 
 trial." 
 
 T. 869, 870. And .^hare ihcm^from blue ribbands dozen To 
 nil blue aprons in the tozon.^ Alluding to the many preachers in 
 blue aprons in those times : This secret we learn from the fol- 
 lowing passages in Cleveland : In the first of these he represents 
 a fanatic within Christ. church, Oxford, disliking every thing 
 there, before it was reformed by plunder and sequestration; 
 
 '* Shaking his head 
 
 To see no ruins from the floor to th' lead ; 
 To whose pure nose our cedar gave offence, 
 Crying it smelt of Papists frankincense : 
 Counting our tapers works of darkness, and 
 Chusing to see priests in blue aprons stand, 
 Rather than with copes." 
 
 In the other passage, the scene is of himself, in a very diffe- 
 rent place : 
 
 " And first, to tell you, must not be forgot, 
 
 How I did trot, 
 
 With
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 305 
 
 To double fortify the covenant : 
 I mean our covenant, to purchase 
 
 880 Delinquents titles, and the churches ; 
 That pass in sale, from hand to hand, 
 Among ourselves, for current land : 
 And rise or fall like Indian actions, 
 Accordins: to the rate of factions. 
 
 885 Our best reserve for reformation, 
 
 When new out-goings give occasion : 
 
 With a great zealot to a lecture ; 
 Where I a tub did view 
 Hung with an apron blue, 
 
 'Twas the preacher's I conjecture : 
 His use and doctrine too 
 Was of no better hue, 
 Though he spake in a tone most mickle." 
 
 Loyal Songs, yol. i. p. 132. 
 From hence we may illustrate our poets meaning, couched in 
 that part of the character of his hero's religion 'Twas Presby- 
 terian true blue, Part 1. Canto i. v. 191. (Mr. B ) 
 
 " This makes our blue lecturers pray, preach, and prate. 
 Without reason or sense, against church, kinu, or state, 
 To shew the thin lining of his twice eover'd pate." 
 
 The Power of Money, Loyal Songs, &c. vol. i. p. 62. 
 See an account of the Blue Apron Committee at Reading, 
 Mercurius Rusticus, No. 4. p. 44. 
 
 V. 873, 874. To baxcds us fat as Mother Nab. All guts ond 
 belly, like a crab.'] Alluding, probably, to some noted strumpet in 
 thosetimes. Gayton (Notes upon Don Quixote, book iii. chap. ii. 
 p. 72) thus describes Maritornes : " She was a sow of the largest 
 breed, she was an elephant in head and ears ; her belly of a ca- 
 pacity for a cellar, two stands of ale might find room therein, 
 and a century of spickets." See Ben J onsen's Ursula, Bar- 
 tholomew Fair, passim, and Sir Fopling Flutter's description of 
 the orange wtnch, whom he salutes with the pretty phrase of 
 Double-tripe, Spect. No. 65 ; Droraio's account of Nell the 
 kitchen wench, Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors ; and Bul- 
 wer's Artificial Changtling, sc. xxiv. p. 480, &c. 
 
 T. 883. And rise or fall like Indian actions.^ Alluding probably 
 
 to the subscription set ou foot at the general court at the East- 
 
 VoL. II. X India
 
 308 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That keq)s the loins of brethren girt. 
 The covenant (their creed) t' assert ; 
 And, when th* have pack'd a parliament, 
 
 890 Will once more try th' expedient ; 
 Who can already muster friends, 
 To serve for members to our ends. 
 That represent no part o' th* nation, 
 But Fishcr's-Folly congregation ; 
 
 895 Are only tools to our intrigues. 
 
 And sit like geese to hatch our eggs, 
 Who, by their precedents of wit, 
 T* out-fast, out-loiter, and out-sit, 
 
 India-home, Odlobcr 19, 1657, Mercurius Politicus, No. 387, 
 p. 56, kc. 
 
 T. 888. The corenant (their creed) V assert.'] The author of 
 LcxTalionis, printed in the year 1647, p. 3. Pub. Lib. Cambr. 
 xii. 9, 3, takes the following freedom with the covenant : 
 ** Give me leave to tell you what your covenant was at first, 
 and what it is now : It was first, by virtue of enchantment, a 
 lousy threadbare Scots chaplain, who, growing weary of the slen- 
 der stipend of a bare Scots mark per annum, came over into 
 England to seek its farther advancement, where it became a tub 
 preacher, and so, rendering itself capable of holy orders, did 
 take upon it to teach and preach upon its own accord. 
 
 *' The first attempt by which this covenant sought to ingra- 
 tiate itself into the people, was by consummating a marriage be- 
 twixt the committees : the match was privately contracted in the 
 close committee, and afterwards solemnly published by legisla- 
 tive power, which marriage being thus accomplished without th 
 approbation of his Majesty, without the licence of our church, 
 and without consent of our laws, I doubt not but it may be made 
 null by a bill of divorce. And, for the farther punishment 
 f your covenant, let it be banished out of this kingdom for 
 eyer, and let it be confined to the utmost part of Scotland, ther 
 to pin^ and waste itself away upon its own dunghill." 
 
 T. 894
 
 Ciirro It. HUDIBRAS. 90? 
 
 Can order matters imder-hand, 
 900 To put all bus'ness to a stand : 
 
 Lay public bills aside, for private, 
 
 And make *em one another drive out; 
 
 Divert the great and necessary, 
 
 With trifles to contest and vary; 
 905 And make the nation represent, 
 
 And serve for us, in parliament ; 
 
 Cut out more work than can be done 
 
 In Plato's year, but finish none; 
 
 Unless it be the bulls of Lenthal, 
 910 That always pass'd for fundamental; 
 
 V. 894. But Fisher' s-Folly Congregation.'] Sir Roger L'Estrange 
 (Key to Hudibras) obser?es, that a meeting-house was built by 
 one Fisher, a shoemaker, which, at the Restoration, was pulled 
 down by some of the loyalists ; and then, lying useless, it was 
 called Fisher's- Folly. But he is mistaken : for Dr. Fuller 
 (Worthies, 16G2, p. 197), explaining some London Proverbs, 
 among the rest has the two following lines, 
 *' Kirby's castle, and Megse's glory, 
 Spinola's pleasure, and Fisher's folly ;'' 
 and obscrres (from Stow's Survey, p. 175), '< that the last was 
 built by Jasper Fisher, free of the Goldsmith's Company, one ot 
 the six clerks in Chancery, and a justice of the peace, who be- 
 ing a man of no great wealth (as indebted to many) built here a 
 beautiful house, with gardens of pleasure, and bowling alleys 
 about it, called Devonshire-house at this day." 
 
 V. 898. 'P out-fast.'] Dr. South observes (Sermons, vol. ir. 
 p. 175), *' That their fasts usually lasted from seven in the 
 morning till seven at night ; that the pulpit was always the 
 emptiest thing in the church ; and there was never such a fast 
 kept by them, but their hearers had cause to begin a thanksgiv- 
 ing as soon as they had done.'' 
 
 T. 907. Cut out more work, &c.] * Plato's year, or the grand 
 revolution of the entire machine of the world, was accounted 
 4000 years. 
 
 T. 909. The hulls of Lenthal] Mr.LentLal was Speaker to that 
 
 X 2 House
 
 3(^8 HUDIBRAS. Pakt III. 
 
 Can set up grandee against grandee, 
 
 To squander time away, and bandy ; 
 
 JVIake lords and commoners lay sieges 
 
 To one another's privileges : 
 915 And, rather than compound the quarrel, 
 
 Engage to th' inevitable peril 
 
 Of both their ruins, th' only scope 
 
 And consolation of our hope; 
 
 Who, though we do not play the game, 
 920 Assist as much by giving aim. 
 
 Can introduce our ancient arts. 
 
 For heads of factions, t* act their parts ; 
 
 Know what a leading voice is worth, 
 
 A seconding, a third, or fourth ; 
 ^25 How much a casting voice comes to. 
 
 That tarns up trump, of Ay or No^ 
 
 And, by adjusting all at th* end, 
 
 Share every one his dividend. 
 
 House of Commons which began the rebellion, murdered the 
 King, becoming then but the rump, or fag end of a house, and 
 was turned out by Oliver Cromwell, restored after Richard was 
 outed, and at last dissolved themselres at Gneral Monk's com- 
 mand ; and, as his name was set to the ordinances of this house, 
 these ordinances are here called the bulls of Lenthal, in allusioH 
 to the Pope's bulls, which are humorously described by the 
 author of a Tale of a Tub, p. 99. 
 
 V. 923. Know what a leading voice is worthy &c.] Ben Jonson 
 merrily observes, (Discoveries, edit. 1640, p. 95), " That suf- 
 frages in Parliament are numbered, not weighed : Nor can it be 
 otherwise in those public councils where nothing is so unequal 
 as the inequality ; for there, how odd soever men's brains or 
 wisdom are, their power is always even and the same." 
 
 2 v. 932.
 
 Cantq II. ItUDIBRAS. 309 
 
 An art that so much study cost, 
 930 And now *s in danger to be lost, 
 
 Unless our ancient virtuosos 
 
 That found it out, get into th' houses. 
 
 These are the courses that we took 
 
 To carry things by hook or crook ; 
 935 And practis'd down from forty-four, 
 
 Until they turn'd us out of door : 
 
 Besides the herds of boutefeus, 
 
 We set on work, without the house. 
 
 When every knight and citizen 
 )40 Kept legislative journeymen, 
 
 To bring them in intelligence, 
 
 From all points of the rabble's sense ; 
 
 And fill the lobbies of both houses 
 
 With politic important buzzes : 
 945 Set up committees of cabals 
 
 To pack designs without the walls ; 
 
 V. 932. get into th' houses.'\ Alluding to the se- 
 cluded members, who endeavoured to get into the house when 
 Richard Cromwell was set aside, and the Rump restored, 1659. 
 See Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 842. Sir Gilbert Ge- 
 rard, on this occasion, brought an action against Colonel Alured, 
 for denying him admission. Ludlow's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 841. 
 
 V. 934. by hook or crook. '\ Judge Crook and Hut- 
 
 ton were the two judges who dissented from their ten brethren, 
 in the case of ship money, when it was argued in the Exche- 
 quer (see Echard, vol ii. p. 128), which occasioned the wags to 
 say, that the King carried it by Hook, but not by Crook. See 
 Sancho's way of explaining this expression, Don Quixote, vol. ir. 
 chap. Ixxiii. p. 718. 
 
 v. 945. Set up committees of cabals,^ A sneer probably upon 
 Clifford, Ashley, Burlington, Arlington, Lauderdale, who were 
 
 X 3 callejl
 
 *l# HUDIBRAS, Part III. 
 
 Examine, and draw up all news, 
 And fit it to our present use ; 
 Agree upon the plot o' the farce, 
 
 950 And every one his part rehearse, 
 Make Q's of answers to way-lay 
 What th' other parties like to say : 
 What repartees and smart reflections, 
 Shall be returned to all objections : 
 
 955 And who shall break the master-jest, 
 And what, and how, upon the rest : 
 Help pamphlets out with safe editions. 
 Of proper slanders and seditions : 
 And treason for a token send, 
 
 960 By letter to a country friend ; 
 Disperse lampoons, the only wit 
 That men, like burglary, commit ; 
 Wit falser than a padder's face, 
 That all its owner does, betrays ; 
 
 ^65 Who therefore dares not trust it, when 
 He's in his calling to be seen : 
 
 called the CABAL in King Charles II's. time, from the initial 
 letters of their names. See Echard, vol. iii. p. 251. 
 
 V. 961,962. Disperse lampoons, the only wit T^ at men, like 
 burglary, commit.~\ Lampoon, in French, signifies a drunken 
 song : and to lampoon one is to treat him with ridicule in a li- 
 bel or satire, which is compared here to burglary, as being pub- 
 lished clandestinely, and without a name. 
 
 T. 969, 970. Be sure to keep up congregations^ In spite of 
 laws and proclamations .1 See an account of the King's proclama- 
 tions against keeping up conventicles, in the years 1668, 1669, 
 Echard's History of England, vol. iii. p. 224, 238 ; and their 
 manner of eluding them, George Fox's Journal, p. 314. 
 
 T. 971.
 
 CaktoII. HUDIBRAS. 3il 
 
 Disperse the dung on barren earth, 
 To bring new weeds of discord forth ; 
 Be sure to keep up congregations, 
 
 970 In spite of laws and proclamations : 
 For charlatans can do no good, 
 Until they're mounted in a crowd ; 
 And, when they're punish*d, all the hurt 
 Is but to fare the better for *t ; 
 
 975 As long as confessors are sure 
 Of double pay for all th' endure; 
 And what they earn in persecution, 
 Are paid t' a groat in contribution. 
 Whence some tub-holders-forth have made 
 
 980 In powd'ring-tubs their richest trade ; 
 
 And, while they kept their shops in prison. 
 Have found their prices strangely risen : 
 Disdain to own the least regret, 
 For all the Christian blood w* have let ; 
 
 985 'Twill save our credit, and maintain 
 Our title to do so again ; 
 
 T. 971. For charlatans can do no good."] Charlatan is an cmpy- 
 rlc or quack, who retails his medicines on a public stage. Tom 
 Coryat observes (Crudities, p. 274), that ciarlatanocs, or ciar- 
 latans, in Latin are called Circulatores, and Agyrtas, from the 
 Greek word ay<t/y, which signifies to draw company together, 
 for which Venice was very famous. See more, Pancirolli dcReb. 
 Memorab. par. post, tit. i. p. 50. Chambers's Cyclopaedia. 
 
 T. 995, ^9Q, PrevaiPd awhile, but 'twas not long Before from 
 world to world they swung."] Dr. South remarks upon the Regi- 
 cides (Sermon on the 29th of May, vol. v. p. 275,) *' That so 
 sure did they make of heaven, and so fully reckoned themselves 
 In the high road thither, that they never so much as thought that 
 their saiutships should take Tyburn in the way." 
 
 X 4 T. 1004.
 
 M HODIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That needs not cost one ckam of sense, 
 But pertinacious inipudence. 
 Our constancy t* our )>rinciples 
 990 In time will wear out all things else, 
 Like marble statues rubb'd in pieces 
 With gallantry of pilgrims kisses : 
 While those who turn and wind their oaths, 
 Have swellVl and sunk like other froths ; 
 995 Prevail'd a while, but 'twas not long 
 
 Before from world to world they swung : 
 As they had tuni*d from side to side. 
 And, as the chai}g'elings liv'd, they dy'd. 
 This said, th' impatient states-monger 
 
 1000 Could now contain liimself no longer; 
 Who had not sparM to shew his piques, 
 Against th' haranguer's politics, 
 With smart remarks, of leering faces. 
 And annotations of grimaces, 
 
 T. 1004. Grima3k(s.'] First edit. 1674, altered 1684. 
 
 V. 1005, 1006. .'Ifter h' had admhi,st<:r''d a dosi Of snuff mun- 
 duvgus tu /lis nose, j From hence it is plain how long that foolish 
 and perniiious custom of snulF-taking has prevailed licre in Eng- 
 land; which is merrily exposed by Dr. Baynard, History of 
 Cold Baths, part ii. p. 198. " And now (says hc^ another 
 nasty snuiUing invention is lately set on foot, which is snutf- 
 takiiig ; which hangs on their nostrils, &c. as if it wore the ex- 
 crements of majigots tumbled from the head through the nose. 
 I have read, 1 think it is in Sir John Chardin's travels, that 
 there is a kingdom in the East Indies, called Botan, where the 
 subjects hold the prince in such esteem and reverence, that they 
 dry and powder his excrements, and use it as a great rarity to 
 strew on moats, and garnish dishes with, as we do ours with 
 grated bread, nutmeg, &c. And, I vow, I never see a snuff-box 
 in a man's hand, but I think of a Botanian, &c." Montaigne 
 
 observes
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 3I3 
 
 1005 After h" administei'd a dose 
 
 Of snuff nmmlungus to bis nose, 
 And powder d th' inside of bis skull, 
 Instead of th' outward jobbernol, 
 He shook it with a scornful look 
 
 1010 On th* adversary, and thus he spoke : 
 In dressing a calf's head, although 
 The tongue and brains together go, : 
 
 Both keep so great a distance here, 
 Tis strange if ever they come near ; 
 
 1015 For who did ever play his gambols 
 With such insufferable rambles ? 
 To make the bringing in the King, 
 And keeping of him out, one thing ? 
 Which none could do but those that swore 
 
 1020 T' as point-blank nonsense heretofore ; 
 That to defend was to invade, 
 And to assassinate, to aid : 
 
 observes (Essays, vol. i. ch. xxii. p. 135,) " That there is a na- 
 tion (alluding probably to Botan) where the most eminent per- 
 sons about the King stoop to take up his ordure in a linen cloth." 
 
 Misson (New Voyages to Italy, vol.ii. p. 12) takes notice of 
 an order of the Pope's, that no one should take snu-il at churchy 
 with the reason why. The Tatler (No. 35) gives this philoso- 
 phical reason for taking snuff: " That it is done only to supply 
 with sensation, the want of rctloction." See the practice exposed. 
 Spectator, No. 344. The Spaniards think more favourably of 
 the practice, and present snuft" as a token of friendship. Lady's 
 Travels into Spain, jiart iii. p. 269. 
 
 V. 1007. Andpoxcder''dth''insid(ofkissoul.'] In the Ist. edition of 
 1678 ; altered to skull^ 1684, four "years after Mr. Butler's death. 
 
 V. 1008. outnardjohbernoL] The same with great- 
 head, joltcr-head, logger-head, '^cc job he more I and nowl., Skin- 
 neri Etymologicon, Junii Etymolog, Anglican. Nowt, a word 
 often used by the translator of Rabelais. 
 
 T. 1021, 1022. That to defend uas to invade And to assassinate 
 
 to
 
 I4 IIUDIBRAS. PlRTlII; 
 
 Unless because you drove him out, 
 (And that was never made a doubt) 
 
 1025 No power is able to restore 
 
 And bring him in, but on your score. 
 A spiritual doctrine that conduces 
 Most properly to all your uses. 
 'Tis true, a scorpion's oil is said 
 
 1030 To cure the wounds the vermin made; 
 And weapons dress'd with salves, restore 
 And heal the hurts they gave before : 
 But whether Presbyterians have 
 So much good-nature as the salve, 
 
 1035 Or virtue in them as the vermin, 
 
 Those who have tried them can determine. 
 
 to aid.'} This is a sneer upon Serjeant Wild, who was sent to Win- 
 chester to try Rolf, against whom Osborne and Doucet swore po- 
 sitirely to his design of assassinating the King. The Serjeant being 
 bribed to favour and bring him off, observed upon their evidence 
 to the jury, " That it was a business of great importance that 
 was before them ; and that they should take heed what they did 
 in it: that there was a time, indeed, when intentions and words 
 were made treason (words were made treason without acts, 1649, 
 History of Independency, part iii. p. 46), but God forbid it 
 should be so now. How did any body know, but that those 
 two men, Osborne and Doucet, would have made aM'ay the 
 King, and that Rolf charged his pistol to preserve him ?" Lord 
 Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, vol. iii. p, 180. Sec Wal- 
 ker's History of Independency, part i. p. 76. This Rolf was 
 a, shoemaker, or one of the gentle craft. History of Indepen- 
 dency, part i. p. 120. 
 
 T. 1029, 1030, a scorpion'' s oil is said To cure the 
 
 luounds the tennin made.'] This is mentioned as a thing certain 
 hy Sir KenclmDigby (Discourse concerning the Cure of Wounds 
 J)y Sympathy), and by Moufet, " Medtntur enim formica;, ut scor- 
 piones suis morfibus, et cum malo medelam pariter affcrunt." In- 
 sectorum Thcatr. lib. ii. cap.xvi. p. 246. Oleum Scorpionum, S. 
 Bernardi oleum vocatur " Pectini inunctum valet contra mor- 
 
 SUfl
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 3U 
 
 Indeed, 'tis pity you should miss 
 
 Th* arrears of all your services, 
 
 And, for th' eternal obligation 
 1040 Y* have laid upon th* ungrateful nation. 
 
 Be us'd s' unconscionably hard, 
 
 As not to find a just reward. 
 
 For letting rapine loose, and murther, 
 
 To rage just so far, but no further: 
 1045 And setting all the land on fire, 
 
 To burn t' a scantling, but no higher: 
 
 For venturing to assassinate 
 
 And cut the throats of church and state: 
 
 And not be allowed the fittest men 
 1050 To take the charge of both again: 
 
 lus quoscunque venenatos." Insector. Theatr. lib. ii. cap. 
 X. p. 209. See Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxxix. No. 
 443, p. 318 ; Dr. Mead's Mechanical Operation of Poisons. It 
 was observed of Athcnagoras, a Grecian, that he never felt pain 
 from the bite of the scorpion, nor the sting of the spider. Sexti 
 Philosophi Pyrrhon. Ilypotvp. lib. i. p. 17. 
 
 T. 1031, 1032. And ueiipons dresu'dzcith salves, restore And 
 heal the hurts they gave before.^ Here again he sneers the wea- 
 pon-salve. For the manner of applying it, see Sir Kenelin 
 Digby's Discourse of the Cure of Wounds by Sympathy, p. 
 148; Mr. George Sandys's Notes upon Ovid's Metamorphoses, 
 book xii. p. 230 ; from the receipt in Grollius's Dispensatory, 
 taken from Paracelsus ; Fludd's Defence of the Weapon-salve, 
 passim ; Shakespeare's Tempest, republished by Mr. Dryden, 
 act V. so. ii. 
 
 v. 1045, 1046. And setting all the land on Jlre, To burn V 
 a scantling, but no higher.] Mention is made of an humorous 
 countryman, Mhobought a barn in partnership with a neighbour 
 of his, and not making use of his part, when his neighbour filled 
 his with corn and hay, his neighbour expostulating with him 
 upon laying out his money so fruitlessly : *' Pray, neighbour, 
 says he, never trouble your head : you may do what you will 
 with your part of the barn, but I'll set mine on fire." 
 
 4 V. 1053.
 
 310 llLDiBRAS. Pari in. 
 
 Especially, that have tlie grape 
 
 Of self-deuyiug gifted face ; 
 
 Who, when your projects have miscarry'd. 
 
 Can lay them, with undaunted forehead, 
 
 1055 On those you painfully trepann'd, 
 And sprinkled in at second-hand ; 
 As we have been, to share the guilt 
 Of Christian blood devoutly spilt : 
 For so our ignorance was ilamm'd, 
 
 ^060 To damn ourselves, t' avoid being damn*d : 
 Till finding your old foe, the hangman. 
 Was like to lurch j^ou at back-gammon, 
 And win your necks upon the set, 
 As well as ours, who did but bet ; 
 
 1065 (For he had drawn your ears before, 
 
 And nick'd them on the self-same score) 
 We threw the box and dice away, 
 Before h' had lost us, at foul play ; 
 And brought you down to rook, and lie, 
 
 1070 And fancy only, on the bye ; 
 
 lledeem'd your forfeit jobbernoles, 
 From perching upon lofty poles ; 
 
 T, 1053, 1054, 1055. JVho, xihcn your projects hate fniscar- 
 ried^ Can lay them., uith undaunted forehead, On those you 
 painfully trepan7id.~\ Mr. Walker charges the Independent fac- 
 tion (Second Part of the History of Independency, p. 42,) 
 *' That by an impudent fallacy, called translatio criminis, they 
 laid their brats at other mens doors." 
 
 T. 1056. And sprinkled in at second hand.'] Alluding io their 
 manner of baptising, or admitting members into their churches, 
 ill opposition to the practice of the Anabaptists. 
 
 At
 
 Ca^jtd IL IIUDIBRAS. 317 
 
 And rescuM all yonr outward traitors 
 From hanging up, like aligators : 
 
 1075 For which ingeniously y' have shew'd 
 YcfMT PreshyteriaTi gratitude : 
 Would freely have paid us home in kind, 
 And not have been one rope behind. 
 Those were your motives to divide, 
 
 1080 And scruple, on the other side, 
 
 To turn your zealous frauds and force 
 To fits of conscience, and remorse, 
 To be convinc'd they were in vain. 
 And face about for new again : 
 
 1085 For trutli no more unveiTd your eyes. 
 Than maggots are convinc'd to flies : 
 And therefore all your lights and calls 
 Are but apocryphal and false, 
 To charge us with the consequences 
 
 1090 Of all 3' our native insolences ; 
 
 That to your own imperious wills. 
 Laid law and gospel neck and heels : 
 
 At Watlington, in Oxfordshire, there was a sect called 
 Anointers, from their anointing people before they admitted 
 them into their communion. Dr. Plot's Oxfordshire, chap, 
 xxxviii. xxxii. 
 
 V. 1065. For he had drawn your ears before, And nicked them 
 on the self-same score.'] Alluding to the case of Mr. Pryn, who 
 had his ears cropped twice for his seditious writings. 
 
 V. 1074. From hanging up, like aligators.'] Aligators are of 
 the crocodile kind, and are frequently hung up in the shops of 
 druggists and apothecaries. 
 
 T. 1086. Tha7i jnaggots are convinc'd tojiies.] Thus it stands 
 in all editions to 1710 exclusive, and then altered, Than mag- 
 gots when they turn todies. 
 
 r. 1093i
 
 I HUDIBRA5. Part HI. 
 
 Corrupted the Old Testament, 
 
 To serve the New for precedent : 
 1095 T' amend its errors and defects 
 
 With murther, and rebellion-texts ; 
 
 Of which there is not any one 
 
 In all the book to sow upon ; 
 
 And therefore (from your tribe) the Jews 
 1100 Held Christian doctrine forth, and use; 
 
 As Mahomet (your chief) began 
 
 To mix them in the Alchoran : 
 
 T. 1093. Corrupted the Old Tcstame7it.~\ This was done by a 
 fanatical printer, in the seventh commandment, who printed it, 
 *' Thou shalt commit adultery," and was fined for it in the star- 
 chamber, or high commission court. See Archbishop Laud's 
 Trial and Troubles, and Spectator. 
 
 T. 1101, 1102. Js Mahomet (your chief ) began-'To mix them 
 in the Alchoran.~\ Mahomet was so ignorant, that he could nei- 
 ther write nor read; yet in drawing up the Khoran, commonly 
 called the Alchoran, though he was born and bred a Pagan, 
 " he associated to himself a learned Jew born in Persia, a Rab- 
 bin in his sect, whom Elmacin called by the name of Salman 
 (Dr. Prideaux, Abdallah Ebn Salem ;) but the greatest assistance 
 he received was by a Nestorian monk, called by the western 
 historians Sergiiis, and by the eastern Baliira, an apostate, who 
 had been expelled his monastery for his disorderly life : Such 
 were the architects whom Mahomet employed, for the erecting 
 the new system which he projected : The Jew furnished him 
 with various histories from the Old Testament, blended with the 
 chimeras and dreams of the Talmud, out of which Mahomet, in 
 order to heighten the marvellous, picked out some fabulous cir- 
 cumstances of his own inventing, which are still to be seen in 
 the Alchoran : And the Nestorian monk at the same time 
 brought him acquainted with the New Testament, and the disci- 
 pline of the church. All this he changed and corrupted with 
 fables, which he borrowed from the pseudo gospels and apo- 
 cryphal books ; and it is manifest, that he was not unacquainted 
 with the history of the infancy of Jesus, and the family of the 
 Virgin Mary." Abbe Vertot's Discourse of the Alchoran : 
 History of the Knights of Malta, in folio, edit. 1748, p. 43, &c. 
 
 &06
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 31 f 
 
 Denounc'd and pray'd with fierce devotion. 
 And bended elbows on the cushion ; 
 
 1105 Stole from the beggars all j^our tones, : 
 And gifted mortifying groans ; 
 Had lights where better eyes were blind, 
 As pigs are said to see the wind : 
 Fill'tl Bedlam with predestination, 
 
 1110 And Knightsbridge with illumination: 
 
 Made children, with your tones, to run for 't, 
 As bad as Bloody-bones, or Lunsford ; 
 
 See more, Carionis Chronic, de Alchorano, lib. iii. p. 277, edit, 
 folio, 1580; Baumgarten's Travels, Churchill's Voyages, &c- 
 T1. i. p. 431, edit. 1732; Walker's History of Independency, 
 part i. p. 27. Mahmut, the Turkish Spy defends it, yoI. \iu 
 book iv. letter vi. 
 
 *' Come, Mahomet, thy turn is next, 
 New gospel's out of date; 
 The Alchoran may prove good text 
 
 In our new Turkish state ; 
 Thou dost unto thy priests allow 
 
 The sin of full four wives, 
 Ours scarce will be content with now 
 
 Five livings, and nine lives. 
 Thy saints and ours are all alike, 
 Their virtues flow from vice : 
 No bliss they do believe and seek 
 
 But an earthly paradise. 
 A heaven on earth they hope to gain. 
 
 But we do know full well. 
 Could they their glorious ends attain. 
 This kingdom must be hell." 
 
 Mercurius Pragmaticus, No. 2, April 11, 1648. 
 T. 1108. As pigs are said to see the wind.'} See Hudibras at 
 tourt. Posthumous Works, p. 213. 
 
 V. 1109, Fill'd Bedlam with predestination.'] Alluding to Oli- 
 ver's porter. See Lesley's Snake in the Grass ; L'Estrange's 
 Reflsction upon the Fable of the Bat, Bramble, and Cormo- 
 rant, part i. fab. 144. 
 
 V, 1 1 12. r Lunsford.'] It was one of the artifices 
 
 of tli malcontents in tb civil war to raise false alarms, and to
 
 flUDIBRAS. Part HI. 
 
 While women, great with child, miscarry'tl, 
 For bein^ to malignants marry'd : 
 1115 Transform *d all wives to Dalilahs, 
 
 Whose husbands were not fw the cause : 
 
 fill the people full of frightful apprehensions. In particular, 
 they raised a terrible ontrry of the imaginary danger they con- 
 ceived from the Lord Digby and Colonel Lun-ford. Lilburn 
 glories npon his trial, for being an incendiary on such occasions, 
 and mentions the tumult he raised against thi- innocent Colonel 
 as a meritorious action: '* I was once arraigned (says he) be- 
 fore the House of Peers, for sticking close to tlic liberties and 
 privileges of this nation, and those that stood for them, being 
 one of those two or three men that first drew their swords in 
 Westminster-hall against Colonel Lunsford, an some scores of 
 his associates : At that time it was supposed they intended to 
 rut the throats of the chielcst men then sitting in the House of 
 Peers." And, to render him the more odious, they reported 
 that he was of so brutal an appetite, that he would eat children 
 (Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 286,) whicli scandalous 
 insinuation is deservedly ridiculed in the following lines: 
 
 *' From Fielding and from Vavasour, 
 Both ill-aftected men ; 
 From Lunsford eke deliver us, 
 That eateth up children." 
 The Parliament Hymns, Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. i. 
 No. 17, p. 38. 
 
 Cleveland banters them upon the same head : 
 '< The post that came from Banbucy, 
 Riding in a blue rocket, 
 lie swore he saw when Lunsford fell 
 A child's arm in his pocket." 
 
 And, to make this gentleman the more detestable, they made 
 horrid pictures of him, as we learn-from the following lines of 
 Mr. Cleveland (Rupertismus, Works, 1677, p. 67); 
 *' They fear the giblets of his train, they fear 
 Even his dog, that four-legg'd cavalier; 
 He that devours the scraps which Lunsford makcs,- 
 Whosc picture feeds upon a child tti stakes." 
 
 Mr. Gayton, in banter of this idle opinion (see notes on Don 
 Quixote, book iii. chap. vi. p. 103,) calls Saturn the very Luns- 
 ford of the deities. They might as well have ascribed to him the 
 appetite of the giant Wide-Hostrils, who swallowed windmills 
 
 with
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 321 
 
 And turn'd the men to ten-horn'd cattle, 
 Because they went not out to battle : 
 Made tailors 'prentices turn heroes, 
 1120 For fear of being transform'd to Meroz ; 
 
 with their sails (Rabelais, vol. i. book iv. chap. 17,) or the fa- 
 mous Zyto (conjurer to Wenceslaus, son to the Emperor Charles 
 IV.) who, upon a trial of skill at the Duke of Bavaria's court, 
 swallowed the Duke's principal conjurer, with all he had about 
 him, his dirty shoes excepted; and then, for the diversion of the 
 company, ran with him to a large tub of water, and launched 
 him out to the middle of it. Vide Historiae Boiemicae, lib. 
 xxiii. p. 221, 222, a Jo. Dubrario Episcopo Olomuzensi, Basi. 
 licae, 1575; Camerarius's Living Library, London, 1621, p. 
 266 ; Turkish Spy, vol. iv. book iv. chap ix. ; Plain Dealer, 
 published 1734, vol. i. No. 23. Colonel Lunsford, after all, 
 was a person of extraordinary sobriety, industry, and courage, 
 and was killed at the taking of Bristol by the King, in 1643. 
 (See Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 425.) 
 
 V. 1120. transform'd to Meroz.'] That text 
 
 in Judges, v. 28, " Curse ye, Meroz, said the angel of the 
 Lord; curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they 
 came not to the help of the Lord against the mighty." 
 
 The rebellious preachers were wont to sound often in the ears 
 of the people, to make them imagine they should fall under a 
 grievous curse, if they, as many at least as were fit to make sol- 
 diers, did not list into the parliament army, to fight, what these 
 hypocritical rebels called, the Lord's battles against the mighty ; 
 that was the King and all his friends, (Dr. B.) Stephen Marshall 
 preached a seditious sermon before the Commons, Feb 13, 1641, 
 from that taxi., entitled, Meroz cursed (penes me,) to which 
 probably Mr. Butler alludes ; or to Mr. Horton's Fast Sermon 
 before the Peers, December 30, p. 8. See A Century of emi- 
 nent Presbyterian Preachers, 1723, p. 41. 
 *< Then curse ye Meroz in each pulpit did thunder, 
 
 To perplex the poor people, and keep them in wonder, 
 
 Till all the reins of government were quite broken asunder." 
 
 Song, entitled, The Rump served in with a grand Sallet, st. 16, 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 1731, vol. ii. p. 179. 
 
 The Scots (in their Declaration, August 10, concerning their 
 expedition into England, p. 8, 9) say, '* The Lord save us 
 from the curse of Meroz, who came not to help the Lord against 
 the mighty." How careful they and their English Brethren 
 
 Vol.. n. Y were
 
 8$S HUDiBRAS. Pari Ul. 
 
 And rather forfeit iheir indentures, 
 Than not espouse the saints' adventures. 
 Could transubstantiate, metamorphose, 
 And charm whole herds of beasts, HkeOrphe- 
 
 1 125 Inchant the King's and church's lands, [us : 
 T' obey and follow your commands ; 
 And settle on a new freehold. 
 As Marely-hill had done of old ; 
 Could turn the covenant, and translate 
 
 1130 The gospel into spoons and plate: 
 Expound upon all merchants cashes, 
 And open th' intricatest places : 
 Could catechise a money-box. 
 And prove all pouches orthodox ; 
 
 were 'to keep all others from that curse, appears from the de- 
 claration of both kingdoms, 1643, p. 6. " VVc give (say they) 
 public warning to such persons to rest no longer upon their neu* 
 trality, but to take the covenant, and join with all their power; 
 otherwise we do declare them to be public enemies to their reli- 
 gion and country, and that they are to be censured and punished 
 as professed adversaries and malignants." Foulis's History of 
 wicked Plots, &c. 2d edit. p. 178, 224. 
 
 V. 1127, 1128. And settle on a ttew freehold, As Marehi-hill 
 had done of old. \ "Near the conflux of the Lug and Why, 
 (Herefordshire) eastward, a hill, which they call Marcly-hill, 
 did, in the year 1375, rouse itself as it were out of sleep, and 
 for three d^ys together shoving its prodigious body forward, 
 with a horrible roaring noise, and, overturning every thing iij 
 its way, raised itself, to the great astonishment of the beholders, 
 to a higher place, by that kind of earthquake, I suppose, which 
 naturalists call Brasmatia," Camden's Britannia, edit. 1722, 
 col. 691 ; Stow's Chronicle, continued by Howes, p. 667. 
 
 A like account we meet with of Blackmore in Dorsetshire, in 
 the year 1587 (Stow, ib. p. 695 J and at Westram in Kent, 
 1599 (Stow, ib. p. 782,) of Ihe fall of one of the highest moun- 
 tains among the Grisons, by an earthquake, in the year 1618, 
 which overwhelmed a borough, or little town, called Pleara, and 
 1 . swallowed
 
 Canto IL HUDIBRAS. m 
 
 1135 Until the cause became a Damoii 
 And Pythias, the wicked Mammon. 
 
 And yet, in spite of all your charms, 
 To conjure Legion up in arms, 
 And raise more devik in the rout, 
 
 1 140 Than e'er y* were able to cast out; 
 
 Y' have been reduc'd, and by those fools, 
 Bred up (you say) in your own schools ; 
 Who, though but gifted at your feet, 
 Have made it plain they have more wit. 
 
 1 145 By w horn you have been so oft trepann'd, 
 And held forth out of all command : 
 Out -gifted, out-impuls'd, out-done. 
 And out-reveal'd at carryings-on. 
 
 swallowed up the inhabitants, so that there was not any trace or 
 sign left of the place. Perrival's History of the Iron Age, part 
 i. p. 88. And the sinking down of part of a hill near Cicgher 
 in Ireland, March 10, 1712-3, Philosoph. Transactions, toI. 
 xxviii. p. 267 ; and of the uncommon sinking of the earth at 
 Folkstone in Kent, 1716, Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxix. 
 No. 349, p. 469, &c. ; and the hill of Scarborough is fresh in 
 memory. See accounts of the like kind, Plinii Nat. Hist. lib. 
 ii. cap. Ixxxiii. ; Gryphiandri de Insulis, Casu Symplegadum 
 Insular, cap. xxxi. p. 513 ; Alstedii Thesaur, Chronologic, annp 
 1241, cap. xxxii. p. 306, edit. 1618; Mercurius Politicus, No. 
 372, p. 7935. 
 
 V. 1 1 35, 1 1 36. Until the cause became a Damon jld Pythias, 
 the wicked Mamrnon.^ Damon and Pythias were two of JPytha- 
 goras's followers. When Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse, 
 had condemned one of them to die, he begged a few days to set 
 his house in order, and the other willingly offered himself in the 
 mean while to stay as a pledge, and to die instead of his friend^ 
 if he return'd not at the time appointed : But he came accord- 
 ing to appointment to suffer death himsdf, and thereby acquit 
 his friend that had engaged for his return. When the tyrant 
 saw this faithfulness of their friendship, he pardoned him that 
 was condemned to die, and desired that he might be admitted as 
 a third person in their friendship. (Valer. Maxim, lib. xx. cap. 
 
 V 2 Tii. :
 
 321 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Of all your dispensations worm'd, 
 1150 Out-providenc'd and out-rcform'd ; 
 
 Ejected out of church and state, 
 - And all things but the people's hate j 
 
 And spirited out of th' enjoyments 
 
 Of precious edifying employments, 
 1 155 By those who lodg'd their gifts and graces 
 
 Like better bowlers in your places ; 
 
 All which you bore with resolution, 
 
 Charg'd on tli' account of persecution ; 
 
 And though most righteously oppressed, 
 1 160 Against your wills, still acquiesc'd ; 
 
 And never humm'd and hah'd sedition, 
 
 Nor snuffled treason, nor misprision. 
 
 That is, because you never durst ; 
 
 For, had you preach'd and pray'd your worst, 
 1 165 Alas ! you were no longer able 
 
 To raise your posse of the rabble : 
 
 One single red-coat sentinel 
 
 Out-charm'd the magic of the spell ; 
 
 ii. ; De Amicitia, p. 412. edit, varior. 1651.) See the friend- 
 ship of Nisus and Euryalus, Virgil, ^neid. liJ). ix. 
 
 ^' His amor unus erat, paritcrque ia bclla ruebant,'' &c. 
 T. 1162. Nor sniiffled treason.'] Alluding to those treasonablt 
 ermoDS before the two houses, from 1641 to 1648, in number 
 between two and three hundred. 
 
 Mr. BuUer, in his Geneva Ballad, girds them for speaking 
 through the nose, Remains, 1727, p. 46. 
 
 " T draw in proselytes, like bees. 
 
 With pleasing twang, he tones his prose, 
 lie gives his handkerchief a squeeze. 
 
 And draws John Calvin through his nose." 
 And ia his poem, entitled, Oliver's Court, Remains ; 
 *' If he be one of the eating tribe, 
 
 Both a Pharisee and Scribe, And
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 32S 
 
 And, with his squirt-fire, could disperse 
 
 1 170 Whole troops with chapter rais'd and verse : 
 
 We knew too well those tricks of yours, 
 To leave it ever in your powers ; 
 Or trust our safeties or undoings 
 To your disposing of out-goings, 
 
 1175 Or to your ordering providence. 
 
 One farthing's worth of consequence. 
 
 For had you power to undermine, 
 Or wit to carry a design, 
 Or correspondence to trepan, 
 
 1 180 Inveigle, or betray one man ; 
 
 There's nothing else that intervenes. 
 And bars your zeal to use the means ; 
 And therefore wondrous like, no doubt. 
 To bring in kings, or keep them out : 
 
 1 1 85 Brave undertakers to restore. 
 
 That could not keep yourselves in pow*r : 
 T* advance the int'rests of the crown, 
 That wanted wit to keep your own, 
 
 And hath learn'd the sniv'ling tone 
 
 Of a flux'd devotion, 
 
 Cursing, from his swearing tub, 
 
 The Cavaliers to Beelzebub j 
 
 Let him repair," &c. 
 Sir Roger L' Estrange distinguishes between the religiati of the 
 heart, and that of the nose. Declaration of the City to the Meo 
 at Westminster, L'Estrange's Apology, p. 40. 
 
 V. 1167, 1168. One single red-coat sentinel Out-charnCd the 
 magic of the spell.'] Sir Roger L'Estrange (Reflection on the Fa- 
 ble of a Sheep and a Crow, part i. lab. 77,) in his observation 
 upon the mob, says, " that they are tongue-yaliant, and as bold 
 as Hercules, where they know there's no danger ; but throw a, 
 volley of shot amongst them, and they have not the courage of 
 o many hares." 
 
 Y3 T. II9I4
 
 1^6 HUDIBRAS. Km lit 
 
 'Tis true, you have (for I'd be loth 
 1190 To wrong ye) done your parts in both, 
 
 To keep him out and bring him in, 
 
 As grace is introduced by sin ; 
 
 For 'twas your zealous want of sense. 
 
 And sanctify'd impertinence ; 
 1195 Your carrying business in a huddle, 
 
 That forc*d our rulers to new-model : 
 
 Oblig d the state to tack about, 
 
 And turn you, root and branch, all out ; 
 
 To reformado, one and all, 
 1200 T' your great Croysado General. 
 
 Your greedy slav'ring to devour. 
 
 Before *twas in your clutches, power, 
 
 T. 1191. To keep him out, and hrin^ him tn.'\ See the Presby- 
 terians notably girded upon this head, Sir Roger L'Estrangc's 
 Mora! to fab. 240, 2d part, entitled, The Fool makes the music. 
 
 V. 1199, 1200. To reformado, one and all, To your great 
 CroT/sado General.^lt was demanded in the army's remonstrances, 
 and printed papers, *' That all reformado officers, soldiers, and 
 forces in and about London, or elsewhere, not actually in the 
 army's power, may be immediately dispersed ; the old city and 
 parliament guards removed, and a new strong guard of horse 
 and foot presently sent from the army to secure the city and 
 tower of London, and the Commons-house." The total and 
 final Demands already made by, and to be expected from the 
 Agitators and Army, p. 7- London, 1647. 
 
 By Croysado General, General Fairfax is intended, who laid 
 ciown his commission, when, in the year 1660, it was proposfed 
 to him to march aj^ainst the Scots, seeEchard's History of Eng- 
 land, vol. li. p. G90 ; upon which the Rump settled upon him 
 50001. per annum, Ludlow's Memoirs, edit. 1698, vol. i. p. 
 316. 
 
 Mr. Cleveland (in his Character of a London Diurnal) ob- 
 serves upon him as follows : " The greatest wonder is at Fair- 
 fax, how he came to be a babe of grace. Certainly it is not in 
 his personal, but (as the State Sophies distinguish) in his politic 
 
 capacity ;
 
 CANto n. ilUDIBRAS. 327 
 
 That sprung the game you were to set, 
 Before y' had time to draw the net : 
 
 1205 Your spite to see the churches lands 
 Divided into other hands, 
 And all your sacrilegious ventures 
 Laid out in tickets and debentures : 
 Your envy to be sprinkled down, 
 
 1210 By under churches in the town; 
 
 And no course us'd to stop their mouths. 
 Nor th' Independent's spreading growths : 
 All which considered, 'tis most true 
 None bring him in so much as you, 
 
 1215 Who have prevail'd beyond their plots, 
 Their midnight juntos, and seal'd knots; 
 
 capacity ; regenerated ab extra by the zeal of the house he sat 
 fn, as chickens are hatched at Grand Cairo, by the adoption of 
 an oven.'' 
 " Will. Fool was counted theworst of the twain, (Sir W, Waller.) 
 
 Till Tom Fool, Lord F , the cause to maintain. 
 
 His honour and conscience did fearfully stain, 
 
 Which nobody can deny." 
 The Rump carbonado'd, Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 121 * 
 
 General Fairfax is called the Croysado General ; because reli- 
 gion was the first pretence to rebellion, and in allusion to the 
 expedition of the Christians in the year 1196, to recover th 
 holy laud from the infidel Saracens, at the instance of Pope Ur- 
 ban II. which was called the Croysadc. See an account of it, 
 Life of Godfrey of Bullen, by Fairfax ; Abbe Vertot's History 
 of the Knights of Malta, vol. i. p. 9, 10, 11, &c. ; Robert of 
 Gloucester's Chronicle, by Mr. Hearne, p. 392 ; Baker's History 
 of the Inquisition, 1734, p. 5, &c. ; and an Account of the Croy- 
 sade of the Ladies at Genoa, Misson's New Voyages, &c. vol. i. 
 p. 426, 427. 
 
 V. 1215, 1216. Who have prevail'd heyond ih&ir phis, TTicir 
 midnight juntos, and seaVd knots. '\ This probably refers to their 
 private cj^als, or clubs : a knot of men, or club of men, is much 
 the same ; and the word knots, rather than clubs, is used for the 
 
 Y 4 sake
 
 928 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 That thrive more by your zealous piques, 
 Than all their own rash politics, 
 And this way you may claim a share, 
 
 1220 In carrying (as you brag) th* affair. 
 
 Else frogs and toads, that croakM the Jews 
 From Pharoah and his brick-kilns loose, 
 And flies and mange, that set them free 
 From task-masters and slavery, 
 
 1225 Were likelier to do the feat, 
 
 In any indifferent man's conceit. 
 For who e'er heard of restoration, 
 Until your thorough reformation ? 
 
 sake of the rhyme. He calls them seaVd hnofs^ on account of the 
 secrecy they were bound to keep. (Dr. B.) 
 
 V. 1221, 1222. Else frogs and toads, that croak' d the Jeus 
 Tram Pharaoh and his brick-kilns looie.~\ Alluding to one of the 
 plagues in Egypt. Sec Exodus viii. 
 
 *' Et veterera in limo ranae cecinere querelam." 
 
 Virgilii Gcorgic. lib. i. 378. 
 '' Improbusingluviera ranisque loquacibus explet." 
 
 Virgilii Gcorgic. lib. iii. 431. 
 
 V. 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240. the Isle of Wight Will 
 
 rise up, if you shnxdd deny't ; Where Henderson, and th'* other 
 Masses, JVere sent to cap texts, and put cases.^ When the King, in 
 the year 1646, was in the Scotch army, the English parliament 
 sent him some propositions ; one of which was (he abolition of 
 Episcopacy, and the sotting up Presbytery in its stead. Mr. lien- 
 derson, one of the chief of the Scotch Presbyterian ministers was 
 employed to induce the King to agree to this proposition ; it being 
 what his majesty chiefly stuck at. Accordingly he came pro- 
 vided with books and papers for this purpose : The controversy 
 was debated in writing, as well as by personal conference, and 
 several papers passed between them, which have been several 
 times published ; P'rom which it appears, that the King, with- 
 out books or papers, or any one to assist him, was an over- 
 match for this old champion of the kirk (and I think it will be no 
 hyperbole, if I add, for all the then English and Scotch Presby- 
 terian
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 329 
 
 That is, the king's and church's lands 
 1230 Were sequester'd int' other hands : 
 
 For only then, and not before, 
 
 Your eyes were open*d to restore. 
 
 And, when the work was carrying on, 
 
 Who cross'd it but yourselves alone ? 
 1^35 As by a world of hints appears, 
 
 All plain and extant as your ears. 
 
 But first, o' th' first : The Isle of Wight 
 
 Will rise up, if you should deny 't ; 
 
 Where Henderson, and th* other Masses, 
 1240 Were sent to cap texts and put cases :. 
 
 terian teachers put together) and made him so far a convert, 
 that he departed, with great sorrow, to Edinburgh, with a deep 
 sense of the mischief of which he had been the author and abet- 
 tor ; and not only lamented to his friends and confidents on his 
 death-bed, which followed soon after, but likewise published a 
 solemn declaration to the Parliament and Synod of England, in 
 which he owned, " That they had been abused with most false 
 aspersions against his Majesty, and that they ought to restore 
 him to his full rights, royal throne, and dignity, lest an endless 
 character of ingratitude lie upon them, that may turn to their 
 ruin." As to the king himself, besides mentioning his justice, 
 his magnanimity, his sobriety, his charity, and other virtues, he 
 has these words; *'I do declare, before God and the world, 
 whether in relation to the kirk or state, I found his Majesty 
 the most intelligent man that ever I spoke with, as far beyond 
 my expression as expectation. I profess I was often-times a- 
 stonished with the quickness of his reasons and replies ; wondered 
 how he, spending his time in sports and recreations, could have 
 attained to so great knowledge, and must confess, that 1 was 
 convinced in conscience, and knew not how to give him any rea- 
 sonable satisfaction ; yet the sweetness of his disposition is such, 
 that whatever I said was well taken. I must say that I never 
 met with any disputant of that mild and calm temper, which 
 convinced me, that his wisdom and moderation could not be- 
 without an extraordinary measure of divine grace. I dare say^ 
 
 if
 
 ID liUDIBRAS. PAfttlll. 
 
 To pass for deep and learned scliolars, 
 Although but paltry Ob and Sollcrsr 
 As if tir unseasonable fools 
 Had been a coursing in the schools : 
 
 1245 Until th' had prov'd the devil autho^ 
 
 if his advice had been followed, all the blood that is shed, and 
 all the rapine that has been committcdj would fcave beefl prc- 
 vcnted." (Dr. B.) 
 
 Mr. Butler is mistaken in saying, that Henderson was one of 
 tire persons sent to dispute with the King in the Isle of Wight ; 
 for Mr. Henderson died October 31, 1646, (VVhitlock's Memo- 
 rials, 2d edit. p. 221) and the treaty at Newport, in the Isle of 
 Wight, began Monday the 18th of September, 1648, (Echard's 
 History of England, vol. ii. p. 61 ; Whitlock's Memorials, p, 
 337) r^ear two years after Mr. Henderson's death, 
 
 . 1241, 1242. To pass for deep and learned scholars. Al- 
 though bntpaltrijOb andSollers.'] Ob and Sollcrs are said by (he 
 annotator to be " two ridiculous scribblers, that were often 
 pestering the world with nonsense.'' Two scribblers, that never 
 wrote at all, or were known only to our aunotator. 
 
 Whoever considers the context will find, that Ob and Sollcrs 
 are designed as a character of Mr. Henderson, and his fellow dis- 
 putants, who are called Masses (as Mas is an abridgment of Mas- 
 ter), that is, young masters in divinity ; and this character sig- 
 nifies something quite contrary to deep and learned scholars ; 
 particularly such as had studied controversies, as they are hand- 
 led by little books, or systems (of the Dutch and Geneva cut), 
 wher^ the authors rej)resent their adversaries arguments by 
 Small objections, and subjoin their own pitiful solutions: In the 
 margin of these books may I)c seen Ob and Sol : Snch mushroom 
 divine:^ are ingeniou^ly and compendiously called Ob and Sollers. 
 (Dr. N.) 
 
 " Next 'comes in gold that brazen face, 
 
 If blust'ring be a sign of grace, 
 
 The youth is in a woful case : 
 
 Whilst he should give us Sols and Obs, 
 
 He brings us in some simple bobs, 
 
 And fathers them on Mr. Hobs." 
 The Rota, Sec Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 217. 
 
 V. 1250. Like Sir Pride "] Pride was a foundling, to which 
 the following lines allude, Collcctioa uf Loyal Songs, &c. vol. 
 i. p. 181. 
 
 "He,
 
 Ganto II. HUDIBRAS. 331 
 
 O' th* covenant, and the cause his daughter. 
 For when they charg'd him with the guilt 
 Of all the blood that had been spilt, 
 They did not mean he wrought th' effusion, 
 
 1250 In person, like Sir Pride, or Hewson : 
 
 ** He, by Fortune's design, should have been a divine, 
 
 And a pillar no doubt of the church ; 
 Whom a sexton (God wot) in the belfry begot, 
 
 And his mother did pig in the porch." 
 
 He had been a brewer, or rather a drayman ; for which he is 
 sneered by the same poet, id. ib. st. 5. 
 
 " But observe the device of this nobleman's rise, 
 
 How he hurried from trade to trade ; 
 From the grains he'd aspire to the yest, and then higher ; 
 
 Till at length he a drayman was made." 
 
 He went into the army, was made a colonel, and was principally 
 concerned in secluding the members, in order to the King's trial ; 
 which great change was called Colonel Pride's Purge. (See 
 Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 621.) He was one of 
 Oliver Cromwell's Upper House. (See Second Narrative of the 
 Parliament so called, p. 23 ; Walker's History of Independency, 
 part ii. p. 252. j He is called Thomas Lord Pride, in the com- 
 mission for erecting a High Court of Justice, for the trial of Sir 
 Henry Slingsby, Dr. Hewit, &c. Mercurius Politicus, No. 413, 
 p. 492. Mr. Butler calls him Sir Pride, by way of sneer upon 
 the manner of his being knighted ; for Oliver Cromwell knighted 
 him with a faggot-stick instead of a sword. (See Ludlow's Me- 
 moirs, vol. ii. p. 587.) A knighthood not much unlike that pro- 
 posed by Ralph, knight of the burning-pestle, (see Beaumont 
 and Fletcher's play so called, edit. 1635, p. 32) to the inn- 
 keeper, in lieu of his reckoning. 
 
 " Ralph. Sir Knight, this mirth of yours becomes you well, 
 But, to requite this liberal courtesy. 
 If any of your squires will follow arms, 
 
 [Viz. Chamberlaino, Tapstero, and Ostlero.] 
 He shall receive from my heroic hand, 
 A knighthood by virtue of this pestle." 
 
 Ibid. or Hewsnn.~\ He was a cobbler, went 
 
 into the army, and was made a colonel ; knighted by Oliver 
 Cromwell, and, to help to cobble the crazy state of the nation,, 
 was made one of Oliver's Upper House, (See Second Narrative^ 
 
 kc.
 
 S3t HUDIBRAS. Fart III. 
 
 But only tliose, who first begun 
 The quarrel, were by him set on. 
 And who could those be but the saints, 
 Those reformation termagants ; 
 1255 But, ere this pass'd, the wise debate 
 Spent so much time, it grew too late ; 
 
 &c. p. 23.) Sir Roger L'Es(range (see fablo of the Cobbler 
 turned Doctor, 1st part, fab. 401 ; sec likewise 2d part. fab. 37) 
 makes the following remark upon Hcwson : "This minds nic of 
 a question a cobbling colonel of famous memory (and he was a 
 statesman of the long parliament edition) put to a lady of quality 
 in Ireland : She had been so terribly plundered, that the poor 
 woman went almost barefoot; and, as she was warming her feet 
 once in the chimney corner, the Colonel took notice that her 
 shoes wanted capping, Lord, Madara, (says he) why do you 
 Avear no better shoes r Why, truly Sir, (says she) all the cobblers 
 are turned colonels, and 1 can get nobody to mend them." lie 
 observes farther of this infamous cobbling Colonel (Key to Hu^. 
 dibras), " That the day the king was beheaded, he went with a 
 body of horse from Charing-cross to the Royal Exchange, pro- 
 claiming all the way, that m hosoevcr should say that Charles 
 Stuart died wrongfully should suffer present death." And he is 
 justly sneered by Mr. Butler, and another loyal poet, in the foU 
 lowing lines : 
 
 " A one cye'd Cobbler then was one 
 Of that rebellious crew, 
 That in Charles the martyr's blood 
 Their wicked hands imbrew." 
 
 Tale of the Cobbler and Vicar of Bray, Remains. 
 
 " Make room for one-ey'd Hcwson, 
 A Lord of such account, 
 'Twas a pretty jest 
 That such a beast 
 
 Should to such honours mount. 
 
 "When Cobblers were in fashion, 
 
 And niggards in such grace, 
 'Twas sport to see 
 llovv Pride and he 
 
 Did jostle for the place." 
 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, toI. ii. p. 11. 
 
 See a further account of him (Committee of Safety, CoUcctioa 
 
 of
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 333 
 
 For Oliver had gotten ground, 
 T' inclose him with his warriors round : 
 Hat! brought his providence about, 
 1260 And turn'd th* untimely sophists out. 
 Nor had the Uxbridge business less 
 Of nonsense in't, or sottishness ; 
 
 of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. No. 31, p. 152; The Cobbler's Last 
 Will and Testament, or Hewson's Translation, Collection of 
 Loyal Son<fS, vol. ii. p. 233 ; A Ifyran to the Gentle Craft, or 
 Hewson's Lamentation, id. ib. No. 54, p. 240 ; Oliver's Court, 
 Mr. Butler's Remains^; and of his villany (Trial of William 
 Unlet, as executioner of the King, Trials of the Regicides, 
 1660, p, 228, and Sir Roger L'Estrange's Apology, p. 46, 
 where he observes, "That a brother cobbler was killed by his 
 order.") 
 
 V. 1257. For Oliver had gotfrn ground, &c.] Cromwell was in 
 Scotland when the treaty of Newport began, but it went on 
 with a fatal sloAvness, chiefly by the means of Sir Harry Vane, 
 Pierpoint, and some others, who went to it on purpose to delay 
 matters ; and partly.by the diffidence of that religious monarch, 
 who could not come to a resolution so soon as his friends de- 
 sired earnestly of him ; so that, by the time it was come to any 
 maturity, Cromwell came with his army from Scotland to Lon- 
 don, and overturned all. (Mr. B.) Seo Walker's History of 
 Independency, part ii. p. 18. 
 
 V. 1260. And tuni'dtii' untimely sophists Old. ^ See note up- 
 on V. 1250. 
 
 T. 126 1 , 1 262. Nor had the Uxbridge business less Of nonsense 
 hi'tff or sottishness.'] The Parliament's commissioners were tied up 
 to rigid rules, and seemed to have no power of receding from the 
 Tery letter of the propositions they brought along with them. 
 This is confirmed by the King's letter to his Queen, of the 5th 
 of March after : " Now is come to pass (says he^ what I fore- 
 saw, the fruitless end (as to a present peace) of this treaty; but 
 I am still very confident that 1 shall find the good effects of it ; 
 For, besides that my commissioners have offered (to say no 
 more) full measured reason, and the rebels have stiicken rigidly 
 to their demands, which, I dare say, had been too much, though 
 they had taken me prisoner ; so that assuredly the breach will 
 light foully upon them." This sentiment is just and rational, 
 since the Parliament's commissioners were inflexible, and made 
 not the least concession. As to what has been pretended in some 
 
 memoirs
 
 534 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 When from a scoundrel holder-forth. 
 The scum, as well as son o' th* earth, 
 
 1265 Your mighty senators took law, 
 
 At his command, were forc'd t' withdraw, 
 
 memoirs (Bishop Burnet's History of his own Time, vol. i. p. 39, 
 &c.), That the King abruptly broke up this treaty, upon the 
 Marquis of Montrose's letter to him upon his victory in Scotland, 
 I think it may be refuted by the King's letter to his Queen of the 
 19th of February, wherein he tells her, "He even then received 
 certain intelligence of a great defeat grven to Argyle by Mon- 
 trose, who, upon surprise, totally routed those rebels, and killed 
 1500 of them upon the place." This is all he says of it; and, if 
 he had received such a letter as is pretended, or this victory had 
 such an extraordinary ellect upon him, no doubt he would, in 
 the height of his joy, have told the Queen of it, to whom he 
 opened his bosom, and frankly communicated all his secret in- 
 tentions. Nay, does he not, in his letter of the 5th of March, 
 when the treaty was broke up, absolutely lay the fruitless issue 
 of it to the rigidness of the parliament'^ commissioners ? If it 
 had been rendered ineffectual by his means, or if he had reced- 
 ed upon this intelligence from any proposition he had before 
 agreed to, certainly the Queen must have been acquainted with 
 so extraordinary a motive : On the contrary, he was desirous 
 the treaty might be prolonged, in hoj)es of an accommodatioa ; 
 for, on the 19th of February, he tells her, " lie had sent an en- 
 largement of days, lor the limited days for treating were then 
 almost expired." These are authorities drawn out of the King's 
 own letters, which fell into the power of the parliament at 
 Naseby fight, which were soonaftcrwards published to the world 
 by special order of parliament, under the title of the King's Ca- 
 binet opened, with severe annotations upon them. And can 
 we think, that, if the least hint of this secret piece of history 
 had been found, the strict and partial examiners of those letters 
 and papers would not have triumphed at the discovery, and bla- 
 zoned it to the good people of England, in their plausible anno- 
 tations ? I have been thus particular in refuting this ill-natured 
 insinuation, because it has of late so often been mentioned in 
 conversation, and the truth of it, by some men who are no 
 friends to the memory of that excellent monarch, taken for 
 granted. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 12C3 a scoundrel holder-forth.']This was Mr. Chris- 
 topher Love, a furiouii Presbyterian, who, when the King's com- 
 
 missioncFA
 
 Caoto II. HUDIBRAS. 335 
 
 And sacrifice the peace o' th' nation 
 To doctrine, use, and application. 
 So, when the Scots, your constant cfonies, 
 1270 Th' espoLLser$ of your cause and monies, 
 
 missoncrs met those of the parliament at Uxbridge, in the year 
 1644, to treat of peace, preached a sermon thereon the 30th of 
 January, against the treaty, and said, among other things, that 
 *' no good was to be expected from it, for that they (meaning 
 the King's commissoners) came from Oxford with hearts full of 
 blood." 
 
 Mr. Echard (vol. ii. p. 706, from Dr. Nalson) mentions a 
 providential vengeance upon him, occasioned by this incident : 
 That the letter of reprieve from Cromwell w^as taken from the 
 northern post-boy by some Cavaliers on the road. See an ac- 
 count of his abject behaviour at his execution. Impartial Exa>- 
 mination of Mr. Neale's 4th vol. of the History of the Puritans, 
 p. 128, &c. 
 
 V. 1269,1270. So,zi'hen the Scots^ your constant croiiie^^ 77i' 
 tspousers of your cause and motiies.] The expeuce the English 
 rebels engaged the nation in, hy bringing in their brother rebels 
 from Scotland, amounted to an extravagant sum : their receipts 
 in money, and free quarter, 1,462,7691. os. 3d. See impartial 
 Examination of INIr. Neale's 3d vol. of the history of the Puri- 
 tans, p. 270, and Appendix, No.62, 63, 64, 60. William Lilly, 
 the Sidrophel of this poem, observes of the Scots (Preface to his 
 Astrological Predictions of the occurrences of England, 1648, 
 1649, 1650), " That they came into England purposely to steal 
 our goods, ravish our wives, enslave our persons, inherit our 
 possessions and birth-rights, remain here in England, and ever- 
 lastingly to inhabit among us." 
 
 Mr. Bowlstrode, son of Colonel Bowlstrode, a factious rebel 
 in Buckinghamshire, in his prayer before his sermon, at Ilorton, 
 near Colnbrook, used the following words: " Thou hast, O 
 Lord, of late, written bitter things against thy children, and for- 
 saken thine own inheritance : And now, O Lord, in our misery 
 and distress we expected aid from our brethren of our neigh- 
 bouring nation (the Scots I mean) ; but, good Lord, thou know- 
 est that they are a false and perfidious nation, and do all they 
 do for their own ends." Mercurius Rusticus, No. 14, p. 157. 
 
 By the author of a tract, entitled, Lex Talionis, 1647, p. 9, 
 it is proposed, as a preventing remedy, '* to let the Scots, in the 
 aaoJe of God; or of the devil that sent them, go home." 
 
 "I must
 
 486 HUDIBRA5. Part III. 
 
 Who had so often, in your aid, 
 So many ways been soundly paid : 
 Came in at last for better ends, 
 To prove themselves your trusty friends ; 
 
 1275 You basely left them and the church 
 They train'd you up to, in the lurch. 
 And suffer'd your own tribe of Christians 
 ,To fall before, as true Philistines. 
 This shews what utensils y* have been, 
 
 1280 To bring the King's concernments in : 
 Which is so far from being true. 
 That none but he can brinff in you : 
 And, if he take you into trust. 
 Will find you most exactly just : 
 
 1285 Such as will punctually repay 
 
 With double interest, and betray. 
 
 Not that I think those pantomimes, 
 Who vary action with the times. 
 Are less ingenious in their art, 
 
 1290 Than those who dully act one part; 
 Or those who turn from side to side, 
 
 *' I must confess, the holy firk 
 Did only work upon our kirk 
 For silver and for meat ; 
 Which made us come with a' our broods, 
 Venture our blood for a' your goods, 
 To pilfer and to cheat." 
 The Scotch War, Collection of Loyal Songs, reprinted 173 K 
 Tol. i. No. 24. 
 
 " For of late the treacherous Scots and we 
 
 On a national covenant did agree ; 
 
 And bound ourselves by solemn oath, 
 
 Ne'er after to keep faith and troth ; 
 
 And well may we swear, 
 
 They're our brethren dear, 
 
 For
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. M 
 
 More guilty than the wind and tide. 
 All countries are a wise man's home, 
 And so are governments to some ; 
 
 1295 Who change them for the same intrigues 
 That statesmen use in breaking leagues : 
 While others, in old faiths and troths, 
 Look odd, as out-of-fashion'd cloaths : 
 And nastier, in an old opinion, 
 
 1 300 Than those who never shift their linen. 
 For true and faithful's sure to lose, 
 Which way soever the game goes ; 
 And, whether parties lose or win, 
 Is always nick'd, or else hedg'd in. 
 
 1305 While power usurp'd, like stol*n delight. 
 Is more bewitching than the right. 
 And, when the times begin to alter, 
 None rise so high as from the halter. 
 And so may we, if w* have but sense 
 
 1310 To use the necessary means. 
 And not your usual stratagems 
 On one another, lights and dreams. 
 
 For they have cost us many a thousand pound ; 
 And for all that we have got 
 But this advantage from the Scot, 
 We arc turn'd rebellious and round," 
 A New Ballad, called, a Review of the Rebellion, in three 
 parts. 
 
 See a further account of the Scotch rebels, Earl of Strafford's 
 Letters, vol. ii. p. 338, 339, &c. ; Perrival's History of the Iron 
 Age, part i. p. 88, part ii. p. 208. 
 
 V. 1308. None rise so high as from the halter.~\ This was Sir 
 
 Sampson Legend's opinion in Jeremy's case, Congreve's Love 
 
 for Love, act ii. sc. iv ; and Gibbet's, see Answer to Archer, 
 
 Beaux Stratagem, act ii. p. 25. 
 
 Vol. II, Z T. 1327,
 
 388 HUDIBRAS. Pabt III. 
 
 To stand on terms as positive, 
 As' if we did not take, but give : 
 
 1315 Set up the covenant on crutches, 
 
 *Gainst those who have us in their clutches. 
 And dream of puUing churches down. 
 Before w' are sure to prop our own : 
 Your constant method of proceeding, 
 
 1320 Without the carnal means of heeding : 
 
 Who, 'twixt your inward sense and outward, 
 Are worse, than if y' had none, accoutred. 
 
 I grant, all courses are in vain, 
 Unless we can get in again ; 
 
 1325 The only way that's left us now, 
 But all the difficulty 's how. 
 'Tis tRie, w' have money, th* only pow'r 
 
 V. 1327, 1328. 'Tistruc,Tc^ have money, th* oiilj/ pow't That 
 all mankind full dozen beforc."\ It is with money, as it is with 
 majesty (says Sir Roger L' Estrange, Reflection on the Fable of 
 the Country man and Kid, First Part, fab. 3 40), all other powers 
 and authorities cease, whilst that's in place. Fathers, mothers, 
 brothers, sisters, relations, friendships, are all but empty names 
 of things. It is interest that governs the world, and the rulers 
 
 of it. For it works in all degrees and qualities of men. 
 
 Money, in fine, is the universal passport ; and all doors open be- 
 fore it." 
 
 *' Nihil autem tarn arduum" quod pccunia non expHcitur: 
 Qnemadmodum elcganter dictum est a M. Tullio, actione in Ver- 
 rem secnnda, nihil esse tarn sanctimi quod non violari, nihil tarn 
 munitum, quod non expugnari pecunia possit. Ortam aiunt Pa- 
 raemiam ab oraculo quodam Apollinis Pythii, qui Philipporcgi 
 consulenti, quo pacto possit victoria potiri ? Rcspondit ad hunc 
 modum : 
 
 'Af/vpixis Xoy^a/<7; iJixy^ii, xai trxvlx vix.yio'tn, 
 [qu. x^aluo-f/r.] 
 
 i. e. Argenteis pugna telis atque omnia vinccs, 
 
 Tidelicct innucns, ut quosdam largitionis ad proditionem solici. 
 tarct, atque ita consecuturumqux vcllet." Erasml Adag. Chil. ii. 
 
 Cent.
 
 Canto II. IIUDTBRAS. 339 
 
 That all mankind fall down before; 
 Money, that like the swords of kings, 
 
 1330 Is the last reason of all things; 
 
 " And therefore need not doubt our play 
 Has all advantages that way : 
 As long as men have faith to sell, 
 And meet with those that can pay well ; 
 
 1335 Whose half-starv*d pride and avarice, 
 One church and state will not suffice, 
 T' expose to sale, beside the wages, 
 Of storing plagues to after ages. 
 Nor is our money less our own 
 
 1 340 Than 'twas before we laid it down : 
 For 'twill return, and turn t' account, 
 If we are brought in play upon 't : 
 
 Cent. vii. ProT. xUii> vol. ii, op. p. 62 1. Vide etiam Adag. Chil. i. 
 Cent. iii. Prov. Ixxxvii. vol. ii. p. 144 ; Pecuniae obediunt om- 
 nia. See Ray's Proverb, 2d edit. p. 147. 
 
 Sentcntia poetae Timoclis. Vid. Natal. Comit. jMythol. lib ii. 
 cap. ii. Reusneri Symbol. Imperat. class, i. sym. xxii. p. 48, &c. 
 
 See Shakespeare's Tinion of Athens, act iv. vol. v. p. 273. 
 Turkish Spy, vol. iv. book iv. letter ii ; Spectator, No. 430: 
 Dr. Middleton's Life of Cicero, 4to edit. vol. i. p. 266. 
 
 V. 1329, 1330. Money, that like tJie szcords of king)!, Is the 
 last reason of all things.] See the Spectator's dissertation upon 
 the Argumentum Basilinum (others write it Bacilinum, orBacu- 
 linum), No. 239. 
 
 '^ A man (says the Spectator, No. 240), who is furnished with 
 arguments from the mint, will convince his antagonists much 
 sooner than one who draws them from reason and philosophy. 
 Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understanding, it dissipates 
 every doubt and scruple in an instant, accoramodatesitself to the 
 meanest capacities, silences the loud and clamorous, and brings 
 over the most obstinate and inflexible.'* 
 
 Z 2 V. 1362.
 
 HUDIBRAS; Part III. 
 
 Or but, by casting knaves, get in, 
 What power can hinder us to win ? 
 
 1345 We know the arts we us'd before, 
 
 In peace and war, and something more, 
 And, by th' unfortunate events, 
 Can mend our next experiments : 
 For, when w' are taken into trust, 
 
 ! 350 How easy are the wisest chous*d ; 
 
 W^ho see but th' outsides of our feats, 
 And not their secret springs and weights -, 
 And, while they 're busy at their ease, 
 Can carry what designs we please ? 
 
 1355 How easy is 't to serve for agents. 
 To prosecute our old engagements ? 
 To keep the good old cause on foot, 
 And present power from taking root ; 
 Inflame them both with false alarms 
 
 1360 Of plots and parties taking arms: 
 
 To keep the nation's wounds too wide 
 From healing up of side to side ; 
 Profess the passionat'st concerns. 
 For both their interests, by turns, 
 
 1365 The only way t' improve our own. 
 By dealing faithfully with none ; 
 (As bowls run true, by being made 
 On purpose false and to be sway'd) 
 For, if we should be true to either, 
 
 1370 *Twould turn us out of both together; 
 
 ?. 1363. For healing up, in all editions to 1704, exclusive. 
 
 T. 1368.
 
 CiJfTo 11. HUDIBRAS. J4l 
 
 And therefore have no other means 
 To stand upon our own defence, 
 But keeping up our ancient party, 
 In vigour, confident and hearty : 
 
 1375 To reconcile our late dissenters, 
 
 Our brethren, though by other venters ; 
 Unite them and their different maffgrots, 
 
 DO 
 
 As long and short sticks are in faggots, 
 And make them join again as close, 
 
 1380 As when they first began t* espoust; 
 Erect them into separate 
 New Jewish tribes, in church and state ; 
 To join in marriage and commerce, 
 And only among themselves converse, 
 
 1 385 And all, that are not of their mind. 
 Make enemies to all mankind : 
 Take all religions in, and stickle 
 From conclave down to conventicle ; 
 Agreeing still, or disagreeing, 
 
 1390 According to the light in being. 
 
 Sometimes, for liberty of conscience, 
 And spiritual mis-rule, in one sense ; 
 But in another quite contrary,. 
 As dispensations chance to vary ; 
 
 1395 And stand for, as the times will bear it, 
 All contradictions of the spirit : 
 Protect their emissaries, empower'd 
 To preach sedition and the word : 
 
 T. 136%. Of purpose ft^se, in all editions to 1704, exclusiTe. 
 Z 3 T. 1414.
 
 S4t nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And, when they 're hampefd by the laws, 
 
 1400 Release the lab*rers for the cause ; 
 And turn the persecution back 
 On those that made the iirst attack, 
 To keep them.equally in awe, 
 From breaking or maintaining law : 
 
 1405 And when they have their fits too soon. 
 Before the full tides of the moon ; 
 Put off their zeal t' a fitter season, 
 For sowing faction in, and treason ; 
 And keep them hooded, and their churches, 
 
 1410 Like hawks from baiting on their perches. 
 That when the blessed time shall come 
 Of quitting Babylon and Rome, 
 They may be ready to restore 
 Their own Fifth Monarchy once more. 
 
 1413 Mean while be better arm'd to fence 
 Against revolts of providence ; 
 
 T. 1414. Their orsn Fifth Monarchy once more.^ Dr. Lio-htfoot 
 (See Sermon on the 5th of November, 1G69, works, vol. ii. 
 p. 1 16"(> ; see likewise 1056, 1057) speaks of the Fifth Mo- 
 iiarrhy Men in the following manner: " And here (says he) I 
 doubt the Fifth Monarchy Man is foully mistaken in his reckon- 
 iiii;, hcu he accounts the Fifth Monarchy to be the kingdom 
 of Chnst ; whereas the Fifth Monarchy was the kingdom of the 
 devil." 
 
 V. 1419^ 1420. For y ij success could make us s(tints^ Our ruin 
 tuni' d us miscreants. ~\ The author of the Fourth Part of the 
 History of Independency, p. 56, compares the governors of those 
 times with the Turks, who ascribe the goodness of their cause to 
 the keenness of their swords, denying that any thing may pro- 
 perly be called ncfas, if it can but win the epithet ofprosperum. 
 Dr. Owen seems to have been in this way of thinking. " Where 
 (says he, bcn Eizer, p. 13 ; L'Estrange's Dissenters Sayings, 
 
 part
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. 34S 
 
 By watching narrowly, and snapping 
 All blind sides of it as tliey happen : 
 For, if success could make us saints, 
 
 l-iSO Our ruin turn'd us miscreants; 
 
 A scandal that would fall too hard 
 Upon a few, and unprepar'd. 
 
 These are the courses we must run, 
 Spite of our hearts, or be undone ; 
 
 1425 And not to stand on terms and freaks, 
 Before we have secur'd our necks : 
 But do our work as out of sight, 
 As stars by day and suns by night ; 
 All hcence of the people own, 
 
 1430 In opposition to the crown, 
 
 And for the crown as fiercelv side. 
 The head and body to divide ; 
 The end of all w^e first design'd, 
 And all that yet remains behind. 
 
 part fi. p. 11), is the God of Marston Moor, and the God of 
 Naseby ? is an acceptable expostulation in a glorious day. O ! 
 what a catalogue of mercies has this nation to plead by in atirae 
 of trouble ? The God came from Naseby, and the Holy One 
 from the west. Selah." 
 
 And a poet of those times banters them upon this head, in the 
 following lines : 
 
 " That side is always right that's strong, 
 And that that's bed,ten must be wrong ; 
 And he that thinks that 'tis not so, 
 Unless he's sure to beat 'um too, 
 
 Is but a fool to oppose 'um.'' 
 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 143. 
 
 See the rebellion justified (by their rebel preachers) from sue* 
 cess. Century of Eminent Presbyterian Preachers, p. 22, &c. 
 
 Z 4 T. 1448.
 
 144 HLDIBRAS. Pat III. 
 
 1435 Be sure to spare no public rapine, 
 On all emergencies that happen ; 
 For 'tis as easy to supplant 
 Authority, as men in want : 
 As some of us in trusts have made 
 
 1440 The one hand with the other trade ; 
 Gain'd vastly by their joint endeavour. 
 The right a thief, the left receiver ; 
 And what the one, by tricks, fores tall'd, 
 The other, by as sly, retail'd. 
 
 1445 For gain has wonderful effects 
 T* improve the factory of sects ; 
 The rule of faith in all professions, 
 And great Diana of th* Ephesians : 
 Whence turning of religion's made 
 
 1450 The means to turn and wind a trade ; 
 
 And, tliough some change it for the worse, 
 They put themselves into a course, 
 And draw in store of customers, 
 To thrive the better in commerce. 
 
 1455 For all religions flock together, 
 
 Like tame and wild fowl of a feather, 
 To nab the itches of their sects, 
 As jades do one another's necks. 
 Hence 'tis hypocrisy as well 
 
 1460 Will serve t* improve a church as zeal; 
 
 T. 144i. And great Diana qfth" Ephenttrts.] See Aftsxuc. 58. 
 
 T. 1456.
 
 GiNTO II. HUDIBRAS. S4i 
 
 As persecution, or promotion, 
 Do equally advance devotion. 
 
 Let business, like ill watches, go 
 Sometime too fast, sometime too slow ; 
 
 146^ For things in order ai-e put out 
 So easy, ease itself will do 't : 
 But, when the feat's design'd and mean^ 
 What miracle can bar th' event ? 
 For 'tis more easy to betray, 
 
 1470 Than ruin any other way. 
 
 All possible occasions start, 
 Th' weighti'st matters to divert ; 
 Obstruct, perplex, distract, entangle, 
 And lay perpetual trains to wrangle, 
 
 1475 But in affairs of less import, 
 
 That neither do us good nor hurt. 
 And they receive as little by. 
 Out-fawn as much, and out-comply ; 
 And seem as scrupulously just, 
 
 1 480 To bait our hooks for greater trust : 
 But still be careful to cry down 
 All public actions, though our own ; 
 The least miscarriage aggravate. 
 And charge it all upon the state : 
 
 1485 Express the horrid *st detestation, 
 And pity the distracted nation. 
 Tell stories scandalous, and false, 
 I* th* proper language of cabals, 
 
 V. 1456. Like tame and wild fowl of a feather.'j <* Birds of a 
 feather flock together." See Ray's Prorerbial Sentences, b. 
 xiXTJii. p. 61, edit. 16.70. 
 
 2 r. 1493.
 
 140 nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Where all a subtle statesman says 
 1490 Is half in words, and half in face; 
 
 (As Spaniards talk in dialogues 
 
 Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs). 
 
 Entrust it under solemn vows 
 
 Of mum, and silence, and the rose, 
 1495 To be retaird again in whispers, 
 
 For th' easy credulous to disperse. 
 
 Thus far the statesman ; when a shout. 
 
 Heard at a distance, put him out ; 
 
 And straight another, all aghast, 
 1500 Rush'd in with equal fear and haste ; 
 
 Who star'd about as pale as death, 
 
 T. 1493, 1494. Entrust it under solemn vorvs Ofvmm ] 
 
 Mum in print (says Dr. Baynard, History of Cold Baths, p. 132) 
 b like the scaling of a bond in private, which begins, Noverint 
 universi. 
 
 Ibid. : and silence ] See an account of the 
 
 Secrecy of the Venetian councils, Howel's History of the Signory 
 of Venice, p. 7. 
 
 Ibid. and the rose.'] See this fully explained, 
 
 Stuckii Antiquitat. Convivial, lib. iii. cap. xvi. Levini Lemnii 
 Herbar. Biblior. explicat. cap. xlv. Angeli Politiani Miscell. 
 cap, Ixxxiii. Gruteri Fax Art. torn. i. p. 100. Sir Thomas 
 Browne's Vulgar Errors, book v. chap. xxi. vii. Archbishop 
 Potter's Antiquities of Greece, vol. ii. chap. xx. 
 
 T, 1495, 1496. To be retail' d again in xv/iispers For th* easy 
 credulous to disperse.] The entrusting of secrets, with a design of 
 having them divulged, is well expos'd in Sir Roger L'Estrange's 
 Fable of the woman entrusted with a secret, part i. fab. 427, 
 who (by way of trial and banter) was entrusted by her husband 
 with the secret of his having laid an egg, which was increased to 
 forty eggs by six in the afternoon. 
 
 Rabelais (Works, vol. iii. chap, xxxiv.) informs us, how Pope 
 John XXII. reproved the Abbess and Nuns of Fonthcrralt, for 
 not being able to keep a secret with which he had entrusted 
 them twenty-four hours, tUougli they had desired of him an 
 
 indulgence
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 347 
 
 And, for a while, as out of breath ; 
 Till, having gathcr'd up his wits, 
 He thus began his tale by fits : 
 
 1505 That beastly rabble that came down 
 From all the garrets in the town, 
 " And stalls and shop-boards, in vastswarms^ 
 With new chalk'd bills, and rusty arms, 
 To cry the cause up, heretofore, 
 
 1^10 And bawl the bishops out of door; 
 Are now drawn up in greater shoals, 
 To roast and broil us on the coals. 
 And all the grandees of our members 
 Are carbonading on the embers ; 
 
 indulgence to confoss themselves to one another, under the seal 
 of secrecy. See Wife of Bath's Tale, Dr} den's Fables, folio, 
 p. 485. Tatler, No. 152. 
 
 V. 1501. He thus began his tale hyjits.'\ We learn from Lilly 
 (Life, p. 85), tliat the messenger who brought this terrifying in- 
 telligence to this cabal, was Sir Martyn Noell, whom he calls a 
 discreet citizen : he came about nine at night, and told them the 
 surprising news of the citizens burning the parliament (which 
 they then called the Rump) in effigy and emblem. Lilly says, 
 ** This council of state (the very cabal before us) could not be- 
 lieve it, until they had sent some minister of their own, who 
 affirmed the verity of it." Sir Marfyu tells his story naturally, 
 and begins like a man in a fright and out of breath, and continues 
 to make breaks and stops till he naturally recovers it ; and then 
 proceeds floridly and without impediment. This is a beauty 
 in the poem not to be disregarded ; and let the reader make an 
 experiment, and shorten his breath, or, in other words, put him- 
 self in Sir Martyn's condition, and then read this relation, and 
 he will soon be convinced, that the breaks are natural and ju- 
 dicious. (Mr. B.) 
 
 T. 1505. That beastly rabble that came down, &c.] * This is an 
 accurate description of the mob's burning rumps upon the ad- 
 mission of the secluded members, in contempt of the Rump par- 
 liament. 
 
 T. 1534.
 
 148 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 1515 Knights, citizens, and burgesses- 
 
 Held forth by rumps of pigs and geese, 
 
 That serve for characters and badges 
 
 To represent their ])ersonages : 
 
 Each bonfire is a funeral pile, 
 1520 In whicli they roast, and scorch, aird broil. 
 
 And every representative 
 
 Have vow'd to roast and broil alive : 
 And *tis a miracle, we are not 
 
 Already sacrific'd incarnate; 
 
 . 1534. Be ready listed under Dun. ^ Dun was the public exe- 
 cutioner at that time, and the executioners long after that went 
 by the same name. Mr. Butler, in his proposal for farming Li- 
 berty of Conscience, published 1663, p. 30, among other reso- 
 lutions, gives the following one : " Resolved, that a day of so- 
 lemn fasting be and among many other particulars, lastly, to 
 be delivered from the hand of Dun, that uncircumcised Phi- 
 fistine." 
 
 His predecessor's name was Gregory, as appears from th 
 prolojuc to Mcrcurius Pragmaticus, a Tragi-Comcdy, a6ted at 
 Paris,' &c. 1641. 
 
 " This trembles under the black rod, and he 
 Doth fear his fate from the Gregorian tree." 
 And in a paper called the Parliament Kite, 1648, No. 14, men 
 tioa is made of him : 
 
 " What would you say, to see them fall. 
 With both their houses vile ? 
 Because they have deceiv'd us all, 
 Now Gregory they'll beguile." 
 Sir John Birkenhead likewise mentions him, Paul's Church- 
 yard, cent, iii* class, xiii. No. 68. Sir William Segar, Garter 
 King of Arms, was imposed upon by Brook, a herald, who pro- 
 cured him by artifice, to confirm arms to Gregory Brandon, 
 who was found to be common hangman of London. Anstis's 
 Register of the Garter, vol. i. p. 399. And from him probably 
 the hangman was called Gregory for some time. The name of 
 Dun, which succeeded thatof Gregory, is mentioned by Cotton, 
 Virgil Travestie, published 1670, book iv. p. 124. 
 *' Away, therefore, my lass does trot, 
 And presently an halter got, 
 
 Made
 
 Canto II. HUDIBRAS. U 
 
 1525 For while we wrangle liere and jar, 
 
 W are grilly'cl all at Temple- bar ; 
 
 Some on the sign-post of* an ale-house, 
 
 Hang in effigy on the gallows, 
 
 Made up of rags to personate 
 1530 Respective officers of state, 
 
 That henceforth they may stand reputed, 
 
 Proscrib'd in law, and executed ; 
 
 And, while the work is carrying on, 
 
 Be ready hsted under Dun, 
 
 Made of the best string hempen te<!r, 
 And, ere a eat could lick her ear, 
 Had tied it up with as much art. 
 As Dun himself could do for's heart." 
 See Marquis of Argjie's Last Will and Testament, 1661, p. 5. 
 
 Nay, the name of Dun was continued to these finishers of the 
 law fas they have sometimes affected to stile themselves, and 
 6(|uires by their office, from the confirmation, I suppose, of Gre- 
 gory Brandon's arms) twelve years longer; when one Jack Ketch| 
 about three score years ago, was advanced to that office, who 
 has left his name to his successors ever since. This appears 
 from Butler's Ghost, published 1682 : When the author wrote 
 the former part of it, it is plain, that Dun was the executioner's 
 name, or nick-name. 
 
 '' For you yourself to act 'Squire Dun, 
 
 Such ignominy ne'er saw the sun." Butler's Ghost, p. 29. 
 
 But, before he had printed off his poem, Jack Ketch was in office. 
 *' Till Ketch observing he was chous'd, 
 
 And in hLs profits much abus'd ; 
 
 In open hall the tribune dun'd, 
 
 To do his office, or refund." Butler's Ghpst, p. 54. 
 
 See Loyal Songs, vol. ii. No. 2, p. 5, 
 
 None of these in their office could come up to the Dutch heads- 
 man, mentioned by Mr. Cleveland (Character of a London Diur^ 
 nal) of whom it was reported, " That he would do his office 
 with so much case and dexterity, that the head, after the cxecu- 
 4i9n; should stand still upon the shoulders." Or to the execu. 
 
 tioner
 
 3-50 HUDIBRAS. Part III, 
 
 1535 That worthy patriot, once the bellows 
 
 And tinder-box of all his fellows ; 
 
 The activist member of the five, 
 
 As well as the most yjrimitive ; 
 
 Who, for his faithful service then, 
 1540 Is chosen for a fifth again ; 
 
 (For since the state has made a quint 
 
 Of generals, he's hsted in 't). 
 
 fioner of Stockholm, who was condemned to tliat ofiice at ten 
 years old for cutting off the head of another boy at play. A. 
 de la Motraye's Travels, vol. ii. p. 3fil. 
 
 T. 1540. T.H chosen for a fifth again.'] Sir Arthur Ilaslcrig, one 
 of the five members of the House of Commons, was impeached 
 1641-2. Sec Lord Clarendon, Echard, Ilapin, &c. Sir Arthur 
 Haslerig (as Mr. \N'alker observes, History of Independency, 
 part i. p. 173.) was Clovcrnor of Newcastle upon Tyne, had the 
 Bishop of Durham's house, park, and manor of Aukland, and 
 65001. in money given him. He died in the Tower of London, 
 Jan. 8, IGGl, ISlercurius Pnblicus, No. 1, p. 16, 
 
 The writer of an Klegy upon King Charles the First, 1648, 
 p. y. gives but a scurvy character of him in the following lines : 
 '* Nor John of Leyden, Avhom the pillag'd quires 
 Employ'd in Munster for his own attires : 
 His pranks by Haslerig exceeded be, 
 A wretch more wicked, and as mad as he : 
 Who once in triumph led his sumpter moils 
 Proudly bedecked with the altar's spoils." 
 
 See Mercurius Rusticus, p. 143. 
 
 fiec his character, Ludlow's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 718. Walker's 
 History of Independency, part i. p. 2.0. part iv. p. 57, where he 
 calls him a saint of the devil's last edition; a tract entitled, A 
 true and exat^t Relation of the Great and Heavy Pressures and 
 Grievances the well alVected northern bordering counties lie 
 under by Sir Arthur Haslerig's Misgovernment, by John Mus- 
 grave; London, printed anno dou). IC50; Lilly's Life, p. 48 ; 
 Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 279. 
 
 T, 1541, 1542. a quint Of Generals.'] The Rump grow- 
 ing jealous of (rcneral Monk, ordered that the generalship 
 should be vested in live commissionersj Monk, Ilaslcrig, WaU 
 
 ton,
 
 Canto II. RUDIBRAS. 351 
 
 This worthy, as the world will say. 
 Is paid in specie his own way ; 
 
 1545 For, moulded to the life in clouts, 
 
 Th' have pickM fromdung-hlUshereahouts, 
 lie's mounted on a hazel bavin, 
 A cropp'd malignant baker gave 'em : 
 And to the largest bonfire riding, 
 
 1550 Th' have roasted Cook already, and Pride in^ 
 
 ton, Morlcy, and Alurcd, making three a quonnn, but denying 
 a motion that Monk should be of that quorum (Echard's His- 
 tory of England, vol. ii. p. 881 ; llapin's Hist, of England, 
 vol. ii. 614); but their authority not being then much regarded, 
 this order was not obeyed, and Monk continued sole General, 
 notwithstanding. See Ludlow's jNIemoirs, vol. ii. p. 830, &:c. 
 
 V. 1547. lie'' s mounted on a hazelba-vin .~\ Alluding to Hasle- 
 rig's name. Bavin signifies a brush faggot. 
 
 *' It yearly costs five hundred pounds besides 
 
 To fence the town from Hull and Humber's tides. 
 For stakes, for bavins, timber, stones, and piles," Sec, 
 J. Taylor's Merry Wherry Voyage, Works, p. 13. 
 
 Shakespeare uses the word in his First Part of Henry IV". 
 actiii. vol. iii, p. 400, where the King, speaking of Richard XL 
 
 says : 
 
 *' The skipping King, he ambled up and down, 
 With shallow jesters, and rash bavin wits, 
 Soon kindled, and soon burnt.'' 
 See Mr. Peck's Note, New Memoirs of Milton's Life, p. 246. 
 
 V. 1550. Th' have rgasted Cook.^ The wicked wretch who 
 acted as solicitor in the King's trial, and drew up a charge of high 
 treason against him, and had drawn up a formal plea against him, 
 in case he had submitted to the jurisdiction of the court. At his 
 own trial he pleaded, that what he did was, as a lawyer, for his 
 fee. lie deservedly suffered at Tyburn as a regicide. (See 
 Lord Clarendon and Mr. Echard). 
 
 *' When Pluto keeps his feast, 
 The rogues must all appear, 
 And Mr. Scot, I had forgot. 
 Must taste of this good chcar: 
 
 Find
 
 352 HUDIBRAS. Paet III. 
 
 On whom in equipage and state, 
 His scarecrow fellow-members wait, 
 And march in order, two and two. 
 As, at thankgivings, th' us'd to do ; 
 
 1555 Each in a tatterM talisman, 
 Like vermin in cftigie slain. 
 
 But (what's more dreadful than the rest) 
 Those rumps are but the tail o' tlV beast, 
 Set up by Popish engineers, 
 
 1560 As by the crackers plainly appears ; 
 For none but Jesuits have a mission 
 To preach the faith with ammunition. 
 And propagate the church with powder ; 
 Their founder was a blown-up soldier. 
 
 1565 These spiritual pioneers o' th' whore's, 
 That have the charge of all her stores, 
 Since first they fail'd in their designs. 
 To take in heaven, by springing mines, 
 And with unanswerable barrels 
 
 Find out the man, quoth Pluto, 
 
 That is the greatest sinner ; 
 If Cook be he, then Cook shall be 
 
 The cook to cook my dinner." 
 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, toI. u. p. 13, 
 
 T. 1564. Their founder was a bloxvn-vp soldier.^ *Ignatius 
 Loyola, the founder of the society of tke Jesuits, was a gentle- 
 man of Biscay, in Spain, and bred a soldier ; was at Pampelune 
 when it was besieged by the French in the year 1521, and wa 
 o Tcry lame iti both feet, by the damage ho sustained there, 
 that he was forced to keep his bed. Vide Ignatii Vit. lib. i. 
 cap. ii. p. 279. 
 
 T. 1568. Bj/ .springing mines.'] Allndini; to the gun-powder 
 treason, conducted bv the Jesuits. (Mr. W.) 
 
 y. 1574.
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 353 
 
 15/0 Of gunpowder, dispute tlieir quarrels; 
 
 Now take a course more practicable, 
 
 By laying trains to fire the rabble. 
 
 And blow us up, in tli' open streets, 
 
 Disguis'd in rumps, like Sambenites; 
 1575 INIore like to ruin, and confound, 
 
 Than all their doctrines under ground. ^' 
 Nor have they chosen rumps amiss, 
 
 For symbols of state-mysteries ; 
 
 Though some suppose 'twas but to shew 
 1580 How much they scorn'd the saints, tlie few ; 
 
 Who, 'cause they 're wasted to the stumps, 
 
 Are represented best by rumps. 
 
 But Jesuits have deeper reaches 
 
 In all their pohtic far-fetches : 
 1585 And from the Coptic priest, Kircherus, 
 
 Found out this mystic way to jeer us. 
 
 For, as th' Egyptians us'd by bees 
 
 T* express their antique Ptolemies ; 
 
 T. 1574. Disgiiis' din rumps, like Sambenitcs.'\ Sanibenito, a 
 coat of coarse cloth, in which penitents are reconciled to the 
 church of Rome; and prisoners wear it sometimes for a year in 
 prison. It is also (as here meant) a coat of coarse canvas, 
 painted with devils and ugly shapes, which persons condemned 
 for heresy by the Spanish Inquisition wear when they go to 
 execution. Sec Discovery of the Inquisition, by Reginaldus 
 Consalvus Montanus, 1568, fol. 45 ; Limborch's History of the 
 Inquisition, translated by Mr. Chandler, vol. ii. p. 295 : Mr, 
 Baker's History of the Inquisition, chap. vii. p. 44, 360, 480, 
 506 ; Don Quixote, vol. iv. p. 682. 
 
 V. 1585. And^ from the Coptic priest, Kircherus.'] *Athana- 
 sius Kircher, a Jesuit, hath wrote largely on the Egyptian mys- 
 tical learning. Kirkerus in the two first editions. 
 
 V. 1587. ToTf as th' Egyptians us'd hy bceSj &c.] *Thc Egyp- 
 VoL. II. A a tians
 
 $5% irUDTBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Ahd, by their st'mgs, tlie swords they wore 
 
 1590 Held forth authority and power : 
 Because these subtle animals 
 Bear all their int'rcsts in their tails ; 
 And, when they 're once inipair'd in that, 
 Are banisn*d thdir well-order'd state : 
 
 h5^5s. They thought all governments were best 
 By hieroglyphic rumps express'd. 
 
 For, as, in bodies natural. 
 The rump 's the fundament of all; 
 So, in a common-wealth, or realm, 
 
 1600 The government is call'd the helm ; 
 With which, like vessels under sail. 
 They 're tum'd and winded by the tail. 
 The tail, which birds and fishes steer 
 
 tians represented their ljinfi;s (many of whose names were Pto- 
 lemy) under the hieroglyphic of a bee, dispensing honey to the 
 good and virtuous, and having a sting for the wicked and disso- 
 lute. 
 
 . 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594. Because these subtle animals 
 Bear all their interests in their tails : /ind, when they re once im- 
 paired in thafy Are banish'd their urlLorderd state, j 
 
 ** Ignarum fucos pecus a praesepibns arcent." 
 
 Virgilii Georgic. lib. iv. 168. 
 " All with united force combine to drive 
 
 The lazy drones from the laborious hive." Dryden. 
 
 Virgil observes of them (Georgic. lib. iv. 236, 237, 238) that 
 they instantly die upon the loss of their stings : 
 
 ** Illis ira modnm supra est, laesaeque venenum 
 Morsibus inspirant, et Spicula caeca relinquunt 
 AfBzx renis, aaimasque in vulnere ponunt." 
 
 ** Prone to revenge, the bees, a wrathful race, 
 When once provok'd, assault the aggressor's face : 
 And through the purple veins a passage find, 
 There fix their stings, and leave their souls behind." Dryden. 
 
 Sec
 
 Canto II. IIUDIBRAS. 355 
 
 Their courses with, through sea and air; 
 
 l605 To whom the rudder of tlie rump is 
 
 The same thing with the stern and compass. 
 This shews how perfectly the rump 
 And common-wealth in nature jump. 
 For as a fly that goes to bed 
 
 1610 Rests with his tail above liis head; 
 So, in this mongrel state of ours, 
 The rabble are the supreme powers j 
 That hors'd us on their backs, to show us 
 A jadish trick at last, and throw us. 
 
 1615 The learned Rabbins of the Jews 
 
 Write there *s a bone, which they call lueZy 
 V th' rump of man, of such a virtue, 
 
 See yEsop's Fable of Jupiter and the Bee, L'Estrange's Fables, 
 part i. fab. 125 ; Moufeti Insectormn Theatr. p. 9. 
 
 V. 1606. -: ayid compass.'] The compass, or magnetic 
 
 needle, first found out in Europe by John or Flavio Gioia, of 
 the city Araalfi, in the kingdom of Naples. Lediard's Naval 
 History," vol. i. p. 35; liearnc's System of Universal History, 
 vol. i. p. 80, ann. ] 302. 
 
 V. 1609, 1610. Tor as a jly that goes to bed Kcsts with his 
 tail above his head, &c.] This is literally true. 
 
 V. 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618. The learned Rabbins of the J exes 
 Write there's a hone, which they call luez, 1' th' riiMp of vian, 
 of such a virtue, No force in nature can do hurt to. \ Buxtorf, 
 in Lexic. Chaldaic. Talmud. & Rabbin. Col. 12, under the word 
 nV, Luz, thus writes, " Nomen ossis cujusdam in corpore hu- 
 mano, quod scribunt Ha?braji incorruptibiie," kc. for which he 
 quotes several rabbinical authors. (Mr. Professor Chapclow.) 
 *' When Adrianus was bruising of bones, he asked R. Jehoshu- 
 ang, the son of Hhaniuah, and said to him, From what will God 
 at the latter end revive man ? He said, from Luz of the bark- 
 bone. (Luz is a little bone, in the ^shape of an almond, or ha- 
 ;tel-nut, standing at the bottom of the back-bone, R. Solomon.) 
 Jle said to hira, whence dost thou know it ? He answered;, Get 
 , A a 2 it
 
 369 HUDIBRAS. Paut III- 
 
 No force in nature can do hurt to; 
 And therefore, at tlie last great day, 
 
 1620 All th' other members shall, they say, 
 Spring out of this, as from a seed 
 All sorts of vcgetals proceed : 
 From whence the learned sons of art, 
 Os sacrum, justly style that part. 
 
 1625 Then what can better represent, 
 
 it me, and I will inform you: Adrlanns procured one, and lie 
 (R. Jclioshuaug) endeaToiircd (0 grind it in a mill, but it would 
 wot grind ; he endeavoured to burn it in a fire, but it would not 
 burn ; he put it into water, and it was not dissolved ; he put it 
 upon a garment, and struck it with a hamnier, but the garnunt 
 was rent, and the hammer split, and it (the bone) Mas not dimi- 
 nished." A translation from Bereschith Ilabboth, soct. 28, by 
 ISIr. Israel Lyon. See Dr. Pocock's annotations on Porta JMo- 
 fcis, p. 160, Dr. Twells's edition. 
 
 Mohammed taught his followers something to this purpose. 
 See Sales's Preliminary Discourse to the Koran, p. 79. 
 
 V. 1619, 16'20, 1621, 1622. Jvd thfrrfore, at the last great 
 day, yjfl th'' other members shall, thei/ sat/-, Spring out of this, as 
 from a seed All sorts of vcgetals proceed.] The learned Mr. 
 John Gregory, of Oxford, in his sermon upon the Resurrec- 
 tion (Notes and observations upon some passages of scripture, 
 1684, p. 70,) where he is proving the resurrection of the same 
 body, informs us, " That a learned chemist, who spent much 
 time in the contemplation of tinctures, and the impression of 
 vegetables, to prove the great principle of ?alt, made this expe- 
 riment: IJe look several herbs and plants, and calcined them to 
 a.shes ; he put up the ashes into several glasses sealed hermeti- 
 cally, and written upon with the several names of the calcined 
 herbs: When he would shew the experiment, lie applied a soft 
 flame to the glasses, where forthwith he might perceive the self- 
 same herbs rising up by little and little out of the ashes, every 
 one in his proper form ; and, the flame subtracted, they would 
 return to their chaos again." 
 
 Philip Skippon, Vjsq. in his journey through part of the Low 
 Countries, &c. (Churchill's Collections, vol. vi. p. 717,) makes 
 mention of one Baldisti, a chemist, who bragged, that he could 
 disco^'cr the name of any plant, only by seeing the fixed salt of 
 
 ' ' it.
 
 Canto II. IlUDIBRAS. ^i 
 
 Than this rump-bone, the parliament; 
 That, after several rude ejections, 
 And as prodigious resurrections, 
 With new reversions of nine Hves, 
 
 1630 Starts up, and, hke a cat, revives ? 
 
 But now, alas ! they 're all expir'd. 
 And th' house, as well as members, fir'd; 
 
 it. If four thousand were brought one after another, he could 
 
 distinj?uish them. That he had an universal liquor, that 
 
 >vould produce any plant out of its fixed salt." See a curious 
 dissertation, Tatler, No. 119. 
 
 V. 162G. Than tim rump-bone^ the parlianicnt.~\ See the reason 
 why those few members of the House of Commons, after they 
 had secluded their fellow members, to make way for the King*s 
 trial, were called a Rump, or fag-end of a parliament, Walker's 
 History of Independercy, part ii. p. 32, part iii. p. 35, 75; 
 Heath's Chronicle, p. 422 ; Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond, 
 vol. ii. p. 53 ; Lilly's History of his own Life and Times, p. 84. 
 *' The Rump's an old story if Avell understood ; 
 'Tis a thing dress'd up in a parliament's hood, 
 And like't, but the tail stands where the head should, 
 
 Which nobody can deny." 
 'Twould make a man scratch where it does not itch, 
 To see forty fools' heads in one politic breech ; 
 And that hugging the nation, as the devil did the witch." 
 A New-year's Gift for the Rump, Collection of Loyal Songs, 
 vol. i. p. 44. See many songs upon the Rump, vol. ib. No. 7, 
 10, &c. 
 
 V. 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630. That, after several rude ejections^ 
 And as prodigious resurrections, TVith new reversio7is of nine 
 
 livesj Starts vp -.] The Rump was ejected by Oliver 
 
 Cromwell and his officers, April 1653, restored the 6"th of May 
 1659, turned out again the I3th of October, and restored the 
 26th of December. See Foulis's History of the Wicked Plots, 
 &c. p. 126, 127 ; Walker's History of Independency, part iv. 
 p. ^4, 39, 68, 82 ; Re-resurrection of the Rump, Loyal Songs, 
 vol. ii. No. 10. 
 
 *' Then a pox light on the pitiful Rump, 
 That a third time above-board vapers ; 
 Which Old Nick blew out, but now turns up trump, 
 As Joan farted in and out tapers." 
 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 138. 
 
 A as V. 16S0,
 
 35S HUDIBRAS. Pakt III. 
 
 Consum*cl in kennels by the rout, 
 With which they other fires put out : 
 
 1635 Condcmn'il t* ungoverning distress, 
 And pahry private wretchedness ; 
 Worse than tlie devil to privation, 
 Beyond all hopes of restoration : 
 And parted, like the body and soul, 
 
 J 640 From all dominion and controul. 
 
 We, who could lately, with a look. 
 Enact, establish, or revoke j 
 Whose arbitrary nods gave law. 
 And frowns kept multitudes in awe ; 
 
 1645 Before the bluster of whose huff, 
 All hats, as in a storm, flew off: 
 Ador'd and bow'd to, by the great, 
 
 V. 1630. And, like a cat^ revives^] " Care will 
 
 kill a cat^ and yet a cat is said to have nine lives." Ray's Pro- 
 Tcrbiai Sentences. 
 
 , 1655, 1656. For some of us hare scores more large Than 
 heads and quarhfs can discharge.^ John Taylor, the water-poet 
 (See Revenge, to William Fenner, Works, p. 1-40") has bla- 
 zoned the arms of such villains as these : 
 
 " 1 hope 
 
 Thou wilt conclude thy roguery in a rope: 
 Three trees, two rampant, and the other crossant, 
 One halter pendant, and a ladder passant, 
 In a field azure, clouded like the sky, 
 Because 'twixt earth and air I hope thou'lt die ; 
 These arms for thee my muse hafh heraldiz'd, 
 And, to exalt thee, them she hath devis'd : 
 Then when thou bid'st the world the last good night, 
 I squint upright, and say. Gallows, claim thy right." 
 See song, entitled, A Quarrel betwixt Tower-hill and Tyburn, 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. No. 2. 
 
 V. 1661? 1662. And, to be but undone^ entail TTieir vessels on 
 perpetual jail.'] See Sir Roger L'Estrange's Apology, p. 51. 
 This the Regicides, in general, >vould have done gladly, but the 
 
 ringleaders
 
 Canto IT. IIUDIBRAS. 359 
 
 Down to the footman and valet ; 
 
 Had more bent knees than chapel-m^ts, 
 1650 And prayers, than the crowns of hats; 
 
 Shall now be scorn'd as wretchedly, 
 
 For ruin 's just as low as high ; 
 
 "Which might be suffered, were it all 
 
 The horror that attends our fall : 
 1655 For some of us have scores more large 
 
 Than heads and quarters can discharge ; 
 
 And others who, by restless scraping, 
 
 With public frauds, and private rapine, 
 
 Have mighty heaps of wealth amass' d, 
 1660 Would gladly lay down all at last: 
 
 And, to be but undone, entail 
 
 ringleaders of them were executed in terrorem : Those that came 
 in upon proclamation, were brought to the bar of the House of 
 Lords, 25th November 1661, to answer what they could say for 
 themselves, why judgment should not be executed against them ? 
 They severally alledged, *' That, upon his Majesty's gracious 
 declaration from Breda, and the votes of the parliament, &c. 
 they did render themselves, being advised, that they should 
 thereby secure their lives ; and humbly craved the benefit of tl^ 
 proclamation, &c. An Harry Martin briskly added, That he 
 had never obeyed any proclamation before this, and hoped he 
 should not be hanged for taking the King's word now. A biU 
 was brought in for their execution, which was read twice, bul 
 afterwards dropped, and so they were all sent to their several 
 prisons, and little more heard of." Echard's History of Eng- 
 land, vol. iii. p. 68. Ludlow, and some others, escaped by fly- 
 ing among the Swiss Cantons. 
 
 Diodorus Siculus observes of the Egyptians (Rer. Antiquar. 
 Kb. iv. cap. i.) that amongst them it was reckoned dishonour- 
 able to commute death with banishment. " Commutare mortem 
 exilio, veluti mos est apud Grcecos, nefas habetur : Ferunt quen.- 
 dam, misso ad se mortis signo, cogitasse ex Ethiopia fugere : 
 Quod pra2scntiens mater, zoni ad fiiii collum positi, nequaquam 
 manibus reniti ausuyi, ne suis dedecori essgt, strangulasse." 
 
 A a 4 V. 1665,
 
 360 HUDIDRAS. Pa fit III. 
 
 Their vessels on perpetual jail ; 
 And bless the devil to let them farms 
 Of forfeit souls, on no worse terms. 
 
 1665 This said, a near and louder shout 
 Put all th' assembly to the rout, 
 Who now begun t' out-run their fear, 
 As horses do, from those they bear : 
 But crowded on with so much haste, 
 
 iGjh Until th' had block'd the passage fast, 
 And barricado'd it with haunches 
 . Of outward men, and bulks, and paunches, 
 
 T. 1663, 1666. This said, a near and louder shout Ihtt all th' 
 assembly to the rout.'\ When Sir Martyn came to this cabal, ho 
 left the rabble at Temple-bar ; but, by the time he had concluded 
 his discourse, they were advanced near Whitehall and Westmin- 
 ster. This alarmed onr caballers, and perhaps terrified thorn 
 with the apprehension of being hanged or burnt in reality, as 
 some of them that very instant were in eiligy. No wonder, 
 therefore, they broke up so precipitately, and that each endea- 
 voured to secure himself. The manner of it is described with a 
 poetical licence, only to embellish this Canto with a diverting 
 catastrophe. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V, 1671. And harricado^d it with haunches, &c.3 Sec a merry- 
 description of a fat man in a crow d, preface to a Tale of a Tub, 
 p. 21 ; Dr. Swift's Intelligencer, No. 13, p. 143. 
 
 V. 16S9, 1690. Jnd beat a Tuscan running-horse, JVhos^e 
 jockey-rider is all spurx.^ My worthy friend, the Rev. Mr. Wil- 
 liam Smith, Hector of St. Mary's, in the town of Bedford, com- 
 municated the following note upon these two linvs: 
 
 The anniversary of the Pope's coronation is celebrated at 
 Rome with universal festivity, and concludes at night with a 
 costly and extraordinary fire-work, which is played oil from the 
 top of the castle of St. Angclo, and distributes rockets in the 
 air all around, into various forms, of crowns, scepters, &c. in a 
 most surprising manner. Amongst the other diversions of the 
 day, is a horse-race, in one of the longest streets of the city, to 
 which resort a vast number of well-dressed gentlemen and fine 
 ladies : particularly the Cardinal Protector for the English na- 
 lio does then hire a house lor the day in that street, where he 
 
 eatertains
 
 Ca;*to II. IRDIBRAS. 301 
 
 That with their shonkU^rs strove to squeeze, 
 And rather save a eripplecl pieee 
 
 1675 Of all their eriish'd and broken members. 
 Than have them grillied on the embers ; 
 .Still pressing on with heavy paeks, 
 Of one another, on their backs : 
 The van -guard could no longer bear 
 
 1680 The charges of the forlorn rear, 
 
 But, borne down headlong by the rout, 
 Were trampled sorely under foot : 
 
 entertains siich of onr countrymt'n as will favour him Mith their 
 company, with an elegant regale of rich wines, and all sorts of 
 swoetnieafs, kc. and, from the windows of the balconies, they, 
 and indeed all other persons of quality and distinction, have the 
 pleasure of seeing tlie race, which is performed in the following 
 manner : 
 
 The horses, without being saddled, arc placed cxacfly all to- 
 gether abreast, and so held l)y the bridle. There is a girth goes 
 round each of their bodies, to which, upon the top of their 
 backs, is fastened a thin plate of polished steel, about two inches 
 in breadth, and a foot long, in the shape of an arch, which is so 
 pliable as to rise up and fall down again towards the hinder part 
 of the horse, at his least motion, at the extremity whereof hangs 
 a bunch of very sharj) spurs ; these sjiurs are held up from 
 touching the horse, by a groom, who, upon the signal for start- 
 ing, lets them fall down and prick his back, upon which all the 
 horses immediately start, and the faster they run, the faster do 
 the spurs prick them. 
 
 There are persons at the end of the race ready to lift up the 
 spurs, take them oil from the girths, and lead the horses home 
 by the bridle. 
 
 I suppose Tuscany breeds the best Italian racc-horcs ; which 
 induced Air. Butler to use the term of Tuscan horse. And this 
 seems to be conlirmed by Sir "William Davenant, who, speaking 
 of Gartha, one of his heroines, Gondib. part ii. cant ii. p. 38-i, 
 says, 
 
 '< To Brescia's camp her course she had design'd, 
 And bids her Tuscan charioteer drive on, 
 As if her steeds were dieted with wind, 
 
 Slow seems their speed whose thoughts before them run.'* 
 
 The
 
 362 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Yet nothing prov'd so formidable, 
 As the horrid cookery of the rabble : 
 
 1685 And fear, that keeps all feeling out, 
 As lesser pains are by the gout, 
 RelievM em with a fresh supply 
 Of rallied force, enough to fly, 
 And beat a Tuscan running-horse, 
 
 1^90 Whose jockey-rider is all spurs. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Dighton, of Newmarket, (as I am informed by 
 the Rev. Mr. Smith of llarleston) has the picture of one of these 
 horses: There is a line full of spurs reaching from mane to tail. 
 
 The horse-race in the street Del Corso, at Rome, during the 
 time of the carnival, is performed much in the same manner. 
 
 A. de la Motraye (see Travels, vol. i. chap. iv. p. 58,) ob- 
 serves, " That two bags stufied with straw, one on the top of 
 the other, in the top of a wallet, with little pointed wires, like 
 the bristles of a hedge-hog, are tied on the horse's back, and 
 hang down upon his flanks : then they wWp two or three of them 
 together, and so let them go ; and the motion of their running 
 stirring their bristlcsj and (as it were) spurring them, increases 
 their speed."
 
 II U D I B R A S. 
 
 PART III. CANTO III.
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 The Kynght and *Squires prodigious Jlighi 
 To quit th* enchanted bowr by night. 
 He plods to tU7'n his amorous suit 
 T* a plea in la7i\ and prosecute : 
 Repairs to counsely to advise 
 *Bout managing the enterprize ; 
 But first resolves to try by letter. 
 And one more fair address, to get her.
 
 PART III. CANTO III. 
 
 Who would believe what strange bugbears 
 Mankind creates itself, of fears, 
 That spring, like fern, that insect weed, 
 Equivocally, without seed ? 
 
 Our poet now resumes his principal subject ; and the reason 
 why he is so full in the recapitulation of the last adTenture of our 
 Knight and Squire is, because we had lost sight of our heroes 
 for the space of the longest canto in the whole poem. This re- 
 spite might probably occasion forgetfulness in some readers, 
 whose attention had been so long suspended : it was therefore 
 necessary that a repetition should be made of the dark adven- 
 ture, and that it should be made clear and intelligible to the 
 reader, fMr. B.) 
 
 V. 3, 4. That spring-like fern ^ ihat insect zcecd, Eqidvocallj/, 
 rdthout secd.l^ Pliny affirms the same of two sorts of fern (Hist. 
 Nat. lib. xxvii. cap. 9). " Filicis duo genera nee tlorem habent, 
 nee semen." 
 
 Shakespeare
 
 36ff nUDIBRAS. PARrlir 
 
 5 And liaMe no possible foundation, 
 But merely in th' imagination, 
 And yet can do more dreadful feats 
 Than hags, with all their imps and teats ; 
 Make more Iw^witch and haunt themselves, 
 
 10 Than all their nurseries of elves. 
 For fear docs things so like a witch, 
 
 V *Tis hard to unriddle which is which ; 
 Sets up communities of senses, 
 To chop and change intelligences; 
 
 15 As Rosicrucian virtuosos 
 
 Can see with ears, and hear with noses ; 
 And, when they neither see nor hear. 
 Have more than both sujDplyM by fear ; 
 That makes 'em in the dark see visions, 
 
 20 And hag themselves with apparitions ; 
 
 Shakespeare seems to banter this opinion (1st part of Henry 
 IV. aaii. vol. iii. p. 368). 
 
 Gadshill to the Chamberlain. 
 
 '' We steal as in a castle, cock-sure; we have the receipt of 
 fern-seed, we walk invisible." 
 
 Dr. Dcriiam fPhysico-Theology, b. x. p. 410, 7th edit.) dis- 
 proves this opinion : " Filiceni reliquasque capillarcs hcrbas sc. 
 
 mine carcrc vctcrcs plcrique prodidere: Quos etiam sccuti 
 
 puot erocentioribu.s nonnufli, Dodoneus, Sec. Alii e contra, 
 
 JBauhinns, &c. Filires, ct congenercs, spermatophoras esse con- 
 tendunt ; Partim, qnia historia crcatioiiis, Gen. ii. 12, &c. ve- 
 rissimam esse Autopsia convincit." 
 
 Fredericus Caesius, he saith, was the first that discovered these 
 5ce<Is by the help of a microscope, and since him Mn W. C. 
 (Wil. Cole) hath morp critically observed them, See more p. 
 410, 414. 
 
 T. 8. Than hags^ rcifh all their impf! and teats.'] * AFliiding to 
 fiic vulgar opinion, that witches have their imps, or familiar 
 
 spirits,. 
 2
 
 CANTelll. IIUDIBRAS. 367 
 
 And when their eyes discover least, 
 Discern the subtlest objects best : 
 Do things, not contrary, alone, 
 To th' course of nature, but its own ; 
 
 25 The courage of the bravest daunt, 
 And turn poltroons as valiant : 
 For men as resolute appear, 
 With too much, as too little fear ; 
 And, when they "re out of hopes of flying, 
 
 ;30 Will run away from death by dying ; 
 Or turn again to stand it out, 
 And those they fled, like lions, rout. 
 
 This Hudibras had prov'd too true, 
 Who, by the furies, left perdue, 
 
 35 And haunted with detachments, sent 
 From Marshal Legion's regiment, 
 Was by a fiend, as counterfeit, 
 Reliev'd and rescu'd with a cheat ; 
 
 spirits, that are employed in their diabolical practices, and suck 
 private teats they iiave about them." 
 
 V. 10. limn all their nurseries of elves. ~\ A sneer upon the 
 tales of fairies told to children in the nursery. 
 
 V. 15. As Rosicrucian virtuosos, kc.^ * The Rosicrucians M'cre 
 a sect that appeared in Germany in the beginning of the seven- 
 teenth age. They arc also called the enlightened, immortal, and 
 invisible : they arc a very enthusiastical sort of men, and hold 
 many wild and extravagant opinions. The Rosicrucian philoso- 
 phers held a millennium. Vid. Jo. Garhardi Loc. Theologic. 
 torn. ix. col. 331. 
 
 V. 36. From Marshal Lrgio}i''s regiment.'] Alluding to Stc* 
 phen Marshal's bellowing out treason from the pulpit, in order 
 to recruit the army of the rebels. He was called the Geneva 
 bull. 
 
 '* Or roar, like Marshal, that Geneva bull, 
 Hell and damnation, a pulpit full." 
 Cleveland's Rebel Scot, Works, 1677, p. 49; and Dr. Bruno 
 
 Ryvcs,
 
 SS ITUDIBRAS. fARTlM. 
 
 When nothing l)i]t liinisdf, aud fear, 
 40 AVas both the imps and conjurer: 
 
 As, by the rules o* th' virtuosi, 
 
 It follows in due form of poesy. 
 DisguisM in all the masks of night, 
 
 M'e left our champion on his flight, 
 45 At blindmau's buff, to grope his way, 
 
 In equal fear of night and day ; 
 
 Who took his dark and desp'rate course, 
 
 He knew no better than his horse ; 
 
 And by an unknown devil led, 
 50 (He knew as little whither) fled. 
 
 He never was in jjreater need. 
 
 Nor less capacity of speed. 
 
 Disabled, both in man anrl beast, 
 
 'J'o fly and run away, his best : 
 55 To keep the eneniy and fear, 
 
 From equal falling on his rear. 
 
 And though Mith kicks and bangs he ply'd 
 
 The farther and the nearer side, 
 
 Byvcs, MorcHrius Rnsticiis, p. 15/), calls him the Arch Flamen 
 ol tlic n-bt'ls. Sec a furlliiT account of him, Walker's llibtory 
 of ludepciidcnr.y, part i. p. 79, SO. 
 
 ' 
 
 T. TtO, fiO. Ax teamen ride irilk all their force, JiuJ fug as if 
 Ihcij rou^l/hr horse. \ .lohii Taylor, the water poet (in iiis tra^if, 
 entitled, A Navy of Land Sliij).';, p. 87) banters the seamen, as 
 bad horsemen. He observes, '"'Jltat i)iarin<'rs are connnonly the 
 Morst horsemen. As one of them being upon a fired hackney, 
 his companions prayed him to ride faster, he said, he was be- 
 calmed : Another mounted upon a foundered jade tliat stumbled 
 three or four times headlong ; the sailor imagined, that his horse 
 was too much laden a-hcad, or forward on (as the sea pliraseis), 
 and therefore to ballast him, that he might go or Sail with aa 
 
 even
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 360 
 
 (As seamen ride with all their force, 
 
 60 And tug as if they row'd the horse, 
 And, when the hackney sails most swift, 
 Believe they lag or run a- drift) 
 So, though he posted e*er so fast, 
 His fear was greater than his haste : 
 
 65 For fear, though fleeter than the wind, 
 Believes 'tis always left behind. 
 But when the morn began t' appear, 
 And shift t* another scene his fear, 
 He found his new officious shade, 
 
 70 That came so timely to his aid, 
 
 And forc'd him from the foe t' escape, 
 Had turn'd itself to Ralpho's shape, 
 So like in person, garb and pitch, 
 'Twas hard t' interpret which was which. 
 
 75 For Ralpho had no sooner told 
 The Lady all he had t' unfold, 
 But she convey'd him out of sight, 
 To entertain tlV approaching Knight ; 
 
 even keel, he alighted, and filled his jerkin sleeves full of 
 stones, and tied them fast to his horse's crupper, supposing 
 thereby to make his stern as deep laden as his head, to avoid 
 stnmbling." 
 
 V. 67. But zchen the morn began V appear.'] I have before ob- 
 served, that we may trace our heroes morning and night : This 
 particular is always essential in poetry, to avoid confusion and 
 disputes among the critics. How would they have calculated the 
 number of days taken up in the Iliad, j^Eneid, and Paradise Lost, 
 if the poets had not been careful to lead them into the momen- 
 tous discovery ? Mr. Butler is as clear in this point as any of 
 them : For, from opening of these adventures, every morning 
 and night have been poetically described j and now we are ar- 
 rived at the third day. (Mr. B.) 
 
 Vol. II. B b t. 88.
 
 ^rt HUDIBRAS. PartIU. 
 
 And while he gave himself diversion, 
 80 T* accommodate his heast and person, 
 
 And put his beard into a posture 
 
 At best advantage to accost her, 
 
 She order'd th' antimasquerade 
 
 (For his reception) aforesaid : 
 85 But when the ceremony was done, 
 
 The lights put out, and furies gone, 
 
 And. Hudibras, among the rest, 
 
 Convey'd away, as Ralpho guess'd, 
 
 The wretched caitiff, all alone, 
 90 (As he believ'd) began to moan, 
 
 Aiid tell his story to himself. 
 
 The Knight mistook him for an elf; 
 
 And did so still, till he began 
 
 To scruple at Ralph's outward man, 
 95 And tliought, because they oft agreed 
 
 T' appear in one another's stead, 
 
 And act the saint's and devil's part, 
 
 T. 77. Hut she convoyed him, &c. first edit. 1 678, altered 1 684 
 to conveyed. 
 
 T. 102, 103, 104. He stared upon him, and cry'' d out, What 
 art? My Squire, or thai bold sprighi lliat took his place ami 
 shape to night?'] Here is an amazing discovery opened : The 
 Knight's dreadful apprehensions vanish with the night : No 
 sooner does the day break, but with joy he perceives his mis- 
 take : }Ic finds Ralpho in his company instead of an elf or a 
 ghost: Upon this he is agreeably surprised, as he was before 
 terribly affrighted. But let us examine whether this meeting, 
 and the reconciliation that follows it, are naturally brought 
 about ; since the day before they had mutually resolved to aban- 
 don each other. I think he hath judiciously formed this inci- 
 dent : For it is plain the Knight and the Squire were conscious 
 they had Mronged one another, the one by his base intentions, 
 and the other by his treachery and gross imposition : But very 
 
 fortunately
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 871 
 
 With undistinguishable art, 
 They might hav^e done so, now, perhaps, 
 100 And put on one another's' shapes; 
 And therefore, to resolve the doubt. 
 He star'd upon him, and cry'd out, 
 What art ? My Squire, or that bold spright 
 That took his place and shape to-night ? 
 105 Some busy Independent pug. 
 Retainer to his synagogue ? 
 
 Alas ! quoth he, I'm none of those 
 Your bosom friends, as you suppose ; 
 But Ralph himself, your trusty Squire, 
 1 10 Wh' has dragg'd your Donship out o* th' mire, 
 And from th* enchantments of a widow, 
 Wh' had turned you int' a beast, have freed you, 
 And, though a prisoner of war. 
 Have brought you safe where now you are, 
 115 Which you would gratefully repay 
 Your constant Presbyterian way. 
 
 fortunately they were ignorant of each other's designs ; and, con- 
 sequently, each thought himself the offender: It is therefore na- 
 tural and probable, that they should easily come to a good un- 
 derstanding. The Knight compounds with the Squire for his 
 imposition as a ghost, not only from a sense of his own base in- 
 tentions, but for the happy escape from witches, spirits, and elves, 
 from which the Squire pretends to have freed him. On the other 
 hand, the Squire is willing to re-enter to the Knight's service, 
 and to attend him once more in his peregrinations, when he 
 found this sham meritorious action had deluded him into a sus- 
 pension of that resentment which he might justly have exerted : 
 Thus are they fortunately reconciled, and thus are these momen- 
 tous adventures continued, to the satisfaction of the reader, and 
 applause of the poet, (Mr. B.) Sprite in all editions to 1726 
 inclusive, Sprigkf, edition 1739. 
 
 V. 110. Dunship, in all editions to 1710, Donship in later 
 
 editions. B b 2 v. 182.
 
 ^y^ IIUDIBRAS, Part III* 
 
 That's stranger (quoth the Kniglit)an(l stran- 
 Who gave thee notiee of my danger ? [ger : 
 Quoth he, Th' infernal conjurer 
 
 120 Pursu'd, and took mc prisoner ; 
 
 And, knowing you were hereabout, 
 Brought me along to find you out ; 
 Where I, in hugger-nmgger hid, 
 Have noted all they said or did ; 
 
 125 And, though they lay to him the pageant, 
 I did not see him, nor his agent, 
 Wlio play'd their sorceries out of sight, 
 T' avoid a fiercer second fight. 
 
 But didst thou see no devils then ? 
 
 130 Not one (quoth he) but carnal men, 
 A little worse than fiends in hell, 
 
 V. 132, And that she-devil Jezebel.] See Spectator's descrip- 
 tion of a Jezebel, No. 175. 
 
 V. 137. yl raUijingv^eaver in the town.] See Mr. Butler's Fable 
 ef the Lion and the Fox, Remains. 
 
 . 145, 146. than the reverend xor iter ^ That to our 
 
 churches veilUL his mitre.^ Though there were more than one in 
 those times that this character would have suited, yet it is pro- 
 babic, that Mr. George Grahame, Bishop of Orkney, is sneered 
 in this place by Mr. Butler. lie was so base as to renounce and 
 abjure Episcopacy, signing the abjuration Mith his own hand, 
 at Brcckncss in Stroncs, February 11, 1639. See Mr. Gordon's 
 History of the ilJustrious Family of Gordon, vol. ii. p. 315. To 
 this remarkable incident Bishop Hall alludes (Epistle Dedicato- 
 ry prefixed to his Episcopacy by Divine Right, &c. 1640, p. 1), 
 whsre he observes, " That he craved pardon for having accepted 
 his Episcopal function, as if he had thereby committed somehei- 
 nous olfencc," Upon which he uses the following exclamation, 
 {Episcopacy, &c. p. 1); <' Good God, what is this that I have 
 lived to hear? That a bishop, in a Christian assembly, should re- 
 Oiince his Episcopal function, and cry mercy for his now aban- 
 doned
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 373 
 
 And that s"he-devil Jezebel, 
 
 That laugh'd and tee-he'd with derision, 
 
 To see them take your deposition. 
 135 What then (quoth Hudibras) was he, 
 
 That play'd the dev'l to examine me ? 
 
 A rallying weaver in the town, 
 
 That did it in a parson's gown; 
 
 Whom all the parish takes for gifted, 
 140 But, for my part, I ne'er believ'd it : 
 
 In which you told them all your feats, 
 
 Your conscientious frauds and cheats, 
 
 Deny'd your whipping, and confessed 
 
 The naked truth of all the rest, 
 145 More plainly than the reverend writer. 
 
 That to our churches veil'd his mitre; 
 
 doned calling." See Rushworth's Collections, vol. iii. last edit, 
 p. 957 ; Nalson's Collections, vol. i. p. 252. 
 
 There was another Scotchman, Archibald Adair, Bishop of 
 Killala in Ireland, who was deprived of his bishopric, for speak- 
 ing in favour of the rebellious Scotch covenanters ; but was pro- 
 moted to the see of Watcrford after the Earl of Strafford's death. 
 Carte's History of the Life of James the first Duke of Ormond, 
 vol. i. p. 95, 193. 
 
 The writer of the printed notes insinuates, " that the Arch- 
 bishop of York is here intended ?'' But he is certainly mistaken ; 
 for Archbishop Williams was as much hated by the fanatics of 
 those times as any one of his order. In a libel, entitled, The 
 Character of an Oxford Incendiary, p. 4, he is treated in the 
 following indecent manner : " And now we talk of preferment, 
 enter Owen Glendour on horseback, Brute's cousin german, and 
 top of his kindred, Welsh Williams, prelate of York : This is 
 the pepper-nosed Caliph^ that snufls, pull's, and huffs ingratitude 
 to the parliament, though they freed him from prison, and put 
 his adversary in his room : Tell him of reformation, and you 
 transform hirai, into a turkey-cock : A jack of lent, made qf a 
 
 Bb 3 leek
 
 S74 HUDIBRAS. Pam III. 
 
 All which they took in black and white, 
 
 And cudgeird me to underwrite. 
 
 What made thee, when they all were gone, 
 150 And none but thou and I alone, 
 
 To act the devil, and forbear 
 
 To rid me of my hellish fear ? 
 
 Quoth he, I knew your constant rate, 
 
 And frame of sp'rit too obstinate, 
 155 To be by me prevail'd upon. 
 
 With any motives of my own ; 
 
 And therefore strove to counterfeit 
 
 The devil a- while, to nick your wit ; 
 
 The devil that is your constant crony, 
 160 That only can prevail upon ye: 
 
 Else we might still have been disputing. 
 
 And they with weighty drubs confuting. 
 The Knight who now began to find 
 
 Th* had left the enemy behind, 
 165 And saw no further harm remain. 
 
 But feeble weariness and pain, 
 
 Perceiv'd by losing of their way, 
 
 Th' had gain'd the advantage of the day. 
 
 And, by declining of the road, 
 1 70 They had, by chance, their rear made good . 
 
 lie ventur'd to dismiss his fear, 
 
 That partings wont to rant and tear. 
 
 leek, and red-hcrring, will not mofe inflame him, than the name 
 of presbytery." 
 
 And I find, in an original letter in Dr. Williams's MS. c6l- 
 
 lections,
 
 Canto Iff. IIUDIBRAS. S7 
 
 And give.the despefat'st attack 
 To danger still behind its back. 
 
 175 For, having paused to recollect, 
 And on his past success reflect, 
 T' examine and consider why, 
 And whence, and how he came to fly, 
 And when no devil had appear'd, 
 
 180 What else, it could be said, he fear'd ; 
 It put him in so fierce a rage, 
 He once resolv'd to re-engage, 
 Toss'd like a foot-ball back again, 
 With shame, and vengeance, and disdain. 
 
 185 Quoth he. It was thy cowardice, 
 That made me from this leaguer rise; 
 And when I *ad half reducM the place, 
 To quit it infamously base ; 
 Was better cover'd by the new 
 
 150 Arriv'd detachment, than I knew ; 
 To slight my new acquests and run, 
 Victoriously from battles won. 
 And, reck'ning all I gain'd or lost, 
 To sell them cheaper than they cost ; 
 
 195 To make me put myself to flight, 
 And conqu'ring, run away by night ; 
 To drag me out, which th' haughty foe 
 Durst never have prcsum'd to do ; 
 
 lections, from Sir William Breerton to the speaker, a complaint 
 against the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Chester, St. 
 Asaph, and Bangor, for fortifying Conway castle against the 
 parliament. 
 
 B b 4 T. 211
 
 370 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 To mount me in the dark by force, 
 200 Upon the bare ridge of my horse, 
 
 Expos'd in querpo to their rage, 
 
 Without my arms and equipage ; 
 
 Lest, if they ventur'd to pursue, 
 
 I might th* unequal fight renew ; 
 205 And, to preserve thy outward man, 
 
 Assum'd my place, and led the van. 
 All this, quoth Ralph, I did, 'tis true, 
 
 Not to preserve myself, but you. 
 
 You, who were damn'd to baser drubs 
 210 Than wretches feel in powd'ring tubs. 
 
 To mount two-wheel'd carroches, worse 
 
 Than managing a wooden horse ; 
 
 Dragg'd out through straiter holes by th' ears, 
 
 Eras'd, or coup'd for perjurers; 
 215 Who, though th* attempt had prov*d in vain? 
 
 Had had no reason to complain: 
 
 But, since it prosper'd, 'tis unhandsome 
 
 To blame the hand that paid your ransom. 
 
 And rescu*d your obnoxious bones 
 220 From unavoidable battoons. 
 
 V.211. To mount tico-xshcel'd carroches.'} A cart in which 
 criminals arc carried to be hanged. Dr. Baillie, in his Wall 
 flower, written in Newgate, and published 1650, p. 60, uses the 
 word caroach for coach. 
 
 . 243. For those thatfiy mayjight agcwn.] A saying of De- 
 mosthenes, who fled from Philip of Macedon, when he obtained 
 a great victory over the Athenians at Cheronaea, a village of 
 Boeotia ; and, being reproached for it, he made the following 
 
 answer
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 377 
 
 The enemy was reinforc'd, 
 
 And we disabled, and unhors'd, 
 
 Disarm'd, unqualify'd for fight, 
 
 And no way left but hasty flight, 
 2*25 Which, though as desp'rate in th' attempt, 
 
 Has given'you freedom to condemn 't. 
 But, were our bones in fit condition 
 
 To reinforce the expedition, 
 
 *Tis now unseasonable and vain, 
 230 To think of falling on again : 
 
 No martial project to surprise 
 
 Can ever be attempted twice ; 
 
 Nor cast design serve afterwards, 
 
 As gamesters tear their losing cards. 
 S,35 Beside, our bangs of man and beast 
 
 Are fit for nothing now but rest ; 
 
 And for a while will not be able 
 
 To rally and prove serviceable : 
 
 And therefore I, with reason, chose 
 240 This stratagem, t* amuse our foes, 
 
 To make an honourable retreat. 
 
 And wave a total sure defeat : 
 
 For those that fly may fight again. 
 
 Which he can never do that's slain. 
 
 answer. Ay*)f, inquit, o tptvyuv, irxXiv iJixx^a-tlxt. Auli Gellii 
 Noct. Attic, lib. xvii. 21. See a farther account of the cow- 
 ardice of Demosthenes, Diodori Siculi Bibliothec. p. 380. " Be 
 pacified (says the curate to Don Quixote, upon one of his mis- 
 adventures, vol. i. p. 56),f " Fortune may have yet better suc- 
 cess in reserve for you ; and they who lose to-day may win to- 
 morrow." Of Demosthenes's opinion was the cowardly soldier 
 (sec L'Estrange's Fablesj part ii. fab. 5g}y " who, being tried 
 
 by
 
 378 HUDIBRAS. PiliT HI. 
 
 245 Hence timely running's no mean part 
 Of conduct in the martial art ; 
 By which some glorious feats achieve, 
 As citizens, by breaking, thrive, 
 And cannons conquer armies, while 
 
 250 They seem to draw off and recoil ; 
 
 Is held the gallant'st course, and bravest. 
 To great exploits, as well as safest ; 
 That spares th' expence of time and pains. 
 And dangerous beating out of brains, 
 
 255 And in the end prevails as certain 
 As those that never trust to fortune ; 
 But make their fear do execution 
 Beyond the stoutest resolution: 
 As earthquakes kill without a blow, 
 
 ty a council of war, for cowardice, pleaded for himself, That he 
 did not run away for fear of the enemy, but only to try how long 
 a paultry carcase might last a man with good looking to/' 
 
 From this saying of Demosthenes, the Italians might proba- 
 bly borrow their following proverb ; 
 
 Emaglio che si dieu, qui fuggi, che qui mori. *' It is better 
 it should be said, here he run away, than here he was slain." 
 Select Proverbs, Italian London, 1707, p. 12. 
 
 T. 245, 246, 247. Itence timely running's no mean fart Of 
 conduct in the viariiul art ; Bi/ which some glorious feats achieve.} 
 See note on part i. and canto iii. v. 607, 008, &c. ; an account 
 of Mark Antony's brave retreat from his Parthian Expedition, 
 Lewis's History of the Parthian Empire, p. 161. 
 " A prudent chief not always mnst display 
 His powers in equal rank, and fair array ; 
 But with th' occasion and the place comply, 
 * Conceal his force, nay seem sometimes to tiy. 
 Those oft are stratagems which errors seem, 
 Psor is it Homer nods, but we that dream." 
 
 Mr. Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 T. 261,262. Ifth' ancients cromi'd their braved rnvrtj Thai 
 
 only
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 379 
 
 260 And, only trembling, overthrow. 
 
 If th* ancients crown'd their bravest men, 
 That only sav'd a citizen, 
 What victory could e'er be won. 
 If every one would save but one ? 
 
 Q65 Or fight endangered to be lost. 
 
 Where all resolve to save the most ? 
 By this means, when a battle's won, 
 The war's as far from being done : 
 For those that save themselves? and fly, 
 
 270 Gp halves, at least, i* th* victory ; 
 
 And sometime, when the loss is small. 
 And danger great, they challenge all ; 
 Print new editions to their feats, 
 And emendations in gazettes ; 
 
 only sav'd a citizen.^ The corona civica was given to any soldier 
 that had, in battle, saved the life of a Roman citizen, by kil- 
 ling, at the same time, an enemy ; and though it was composed 
 of no better materials than oaken boughs, yet it was esteemed 
 more honourable than any other crown. Virgil calls it civilis 
 quercus, Mn. vi. 771, 772. 
 
 " Qui juvenes, quantas, ostentant, aspice vires: 
 At qui umbrata gerunt civili tempora quercu." 
 See an account of the honours conferred on those persons that 
 had merited it. Antiquity explained, by Montfaucon, vol. iv. 
 parti, chap. yii. p. 106 ; Dr. Rennet's Antiquities of Rome, 
 part ii. chap, xvi ; Dr. Middleton's Life of Cicero, vol. i. quarto 
 edit. p. 47, 48. Vid. etiam Auli Gellii Noct. Attic, lib. v. cap. 
 vi. ; Reusneri Symbol. Imperator. class, i. symbol, xxvii. p. 36. 
 
 T. 271 . And sometime^ ishen the loss is small, &c.] After a bat- 
 tle, the rebels, if they found their loss was small, they repre- 
 sented it to the people as a great victory gained, and made bon- 
 fires, and appointed a public thanksgiving for it ; by which they 
 kept up the spirit of the party. (Dr. B.) 
 
 T, 274. And emendations in gazettes.^ 1 don't remember to 
 have met with any such paper printed in those rebellious times ; 
 
 though
 
 S80 HUDIBRAS. Paht III. 
 
 275 And when, for furious haste to run, 
 They durst not stay to fire a gun, 
 Have done 't with bonfires, and at home 
 I\Iade squibs and crackers overcome : 
 To set the rabble on a flame, 
 
 280 And keep their governors from blame, 
 
 though there was a paper with that title early in the rcjgn of 
 King James I, as appears from John Donne's rerses upon T. 
 Coryat's Crudities, published 1611. 
 
 " Munster did towns, and Gesncr authors shew ; 
 
 Mount now to Gallo Beigicus appear 
 
 As deep a statesman as a gazetteer." 
 See likewise R. Riccomontanus's Verses upon the Crudities. 
 
 The gazettes began first to be regularly printed in King 
 Charles II. 's time, in the year 1665, the year of the plague: The 
 first number dated November 7, 1665. There is a complete col- 
 lection of gazettes from that time to December 30, 1703, in 
 thirteen Tolumes folio, in Mr. Pepys's library in Magdalen Col- 
 lege, Cambridge : In Lord Oxford's library, a complete set to 
 the year 1739, inclusive, in thirty- four volumes, Cat. Biblio- 
 Ihcc. Harleian. vol. ii. p. 740. See the etymology, Junii Ety- 
 niol. Anglican. 
 
 T. 284. The)/ have been fore- d to smg Te Denm.] This they 
 frequently did, though beaten. And it was their custom like- 
 wise to sing a psalm before an engagement ; to which Mr. Cot- 
 ton, Virgil Travestie, b. iv. p. 146, compares the dismal bowl- 
 ings of Queen Dido's domestics, when they discovered that she 
 had hanged hersdf : 
 
 *' Kven like unto the dismal yowl, 
 When tristful dogs at midnight howl : 
 Or, like the dirges that, through nose, 
 Humm'd out to damp their Pagan foes, 
 AVhcn holy Roundheads go to battle, 
 With such a yell did Carthage rattle."^ 
 We know it has been customary in other nations, upon an 
 imaginary victory, nay sometimes a defeat, to sing Te Dcum. 
 Mahomet ridicules this custom among Christians, in a remarka> 
 ble manner, and with a seeming justness . " I have been (says 
 he) at a ceremony which I am willing to see often, to give an 
 account of it in my letters : It is the Te Dcum which Christian 
 princes cause to be sung in their churches, on the gaining any 
 considerable advantage over their enemies ; which Te Dcum is a 
 
 hymn
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 381 
 
 Disperse the news the pulpit tells, 
 Confirm'd with fire-works and with bells; 
 And, though rcduc'd to that extreme, 
 They have been forc'd to sing Te Deum ; 
 
 285 Yet with religious blasphemy, 
 By flattering heaven with a lie, 
 
 hymn composed by two of their saints, to wit, Ambrose and 
 Austin. When the French beat the Spaniards, they sing the 
 Te Deum ; and, when these vanquish their enemies, they do the 
 same. These two nations do the duty of the Musselmen, in de- 
 stroying one another : and, when this is done, they give God 
 thanks for the evil they had committed." Turkish Spy, vol. i. 
 p. 5. 
 
 V. 286. By flattering heaven Kith a lie.'] There are many in- 
 stances of this kind upon record. " You mocked God (says the 
 
 author of a letter sent to London, from a Spy at Oxford 
 
 p. 10) in your public thanksgivings for your invisible victories, 
 when you were publicly beaten : as at Edge-hill, when you and 
 the saw-pit Lord (viz. Philip Lord Wharton, who hid himself in 
 a saw- pit), with some others, did make people believe lies, oh 
 purpose to gull them of their monies,'' 
 
 V. 287. And, for their beating, gi'<^ing thanks.'] Mr. Walker 
 (History of Independency, part ii. p. 174) gives a remarkable 
 instance of this kind : Popham (says he) was the man, who, on 
 the 4th of June 1649, gave a dismal relation to the high and 
 mighty states at White-hall of his ill success in tampering with 
 the Governor of Kinsale, in Ireland, who, being lionester than 
 the saints expected, took a sum of money of him to betray the 
 town and fort, and ships in the road ; but when Popham came 
 into the road to take possession of his new purchase, gave him 
 such a gun. powder welcome, that he lost most of his men land- 
 ed to take livery and seisin, and divers ships. He was com- 
 manded to conceal the ill news, and make a different report to 
 the plebeians of the Commons House, of his success, iVc. (see 
 Whitelock's Memorials, p. 406, 2d edit.) which occasioned an 
 order the 15th June, That, for this remarkable additional mer- 
 cy, bestowed upon them, in the prosperous success given to their 
 fleet at sea, upon Thursday next, the day set apart for thanks- 
 giving, their ministers should praise God." "Lord (says Mr 
 W^alkcr), since these audacious saints are so thanki'ul to thct; 
 
 for
 
 Mt HUDTBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And, for their beating, giving thanks, 
 Til' have rais'd recruits, and fiU'd their binks ; 
 For those who run from th' enemy, 
 
 290 Engage them equally to fly : 
 
 And, when the fight becomes a chace, 
 Those win the day that win the race ; 
 And that which would not pass in fights. 
 Has done the feat with easy flights ; 
 
 295 Recover'd many a desp'rate campaign 
 
 With Bourdeaux, Burgundy, and Champaign; 
 Restor'd the fainting high and mighty 
 With brandy-wine, and aqua-vitae : 
 
 for one beating, bestow many more beatings upon them, for 
 they deserve all thy corrections." See likewise History of In- 
 dependency, part i. p, 86. 
 
 ** Nay to the Almighty's self, they have been bold 
 To lie, and their blasphemous minister told, 
 They might say false to God, for, if they were 
 Beaten, he kncw't not, for he was not there. 
 But God, who their great thankfulness did see, 
 Reward them straight with another victory ! 
 Just such a one as Brainsford, and, sans doubt, 
 'Twill weary, er't be long, their gratitude out." 
 
 Mr. Cowley's Puritan and Papist, p. 1,2. 
 ** But, oh ! your faith is mighty, that has been, 
 As true faith ought to be, of things unseen. 
 At Worc'stcr, Brainsford, and Edge-hill, we see, 
 Only by faith, y' have got the victory. 
 Such is your faith, and some such unseen way, 
 The public faith at last your debts will pay." Id. ib.puS* 
 Sec more, p. 8. 
 
 " AtKeinton, Brainsford, Plymouth, York, 
 And divers places more, 
 What victories we saints obtain. 
 The like ne'er seen before : 
 How often we Prince Rupert kill'd. 
 
 And bravely won the day ; 
 
 The wicked Cavaliers did run 
 
 The quite contrary way.'* 
 
 1 On
 
 Ca>'to III. HUDIBRAS. 383 
 
 And made 'em stoutly overcome 
 300 With bacrack, hoccamore, and mum ; 
 
 Whom th' uncontroll'd decrees of fate 
 
 To victory necessitate ; 
 
 With which, although they run or burn. 
 
 They unavoidably return : 
 305 Or else their sultan populaces 
 
 Still strangle all their routed bassas. 
 Quoth Hudibras, I understand 
 
 What fights thou mean'st at sea and land, 
 
 And who those were that ran away, 
 310 And yet gave out th' had won the daj^ ; 
 
 On Colonel Venn's encouragement to his soldiers, Collection of 
 Loyal Songs, republished 1731, vol. i. No. xlii. p. 105. 
 
 V.289, 290. For those isho run from tk' enemy, Engage them 
 equally to fly.'{ Of this opinion, probably, was that humorous 
 traveller, who relating some of his adventures, told the company 
 that he and his servant made fifty wild Arabians run ; which, 
 startling them, he observed, that, there was no great matter in 
 it ; for (says he) we run and they ran after us. 
 
 V. 300. With bacrack.'] Or baccharack. A wine from Bachi- 
 ra, a town on the Rhine, upon the Palatinate, whence it has 
 its name. Bailey. Bacrach, edit. 1G84, and following editions. 
 
 lb. hoccamore.] Old hock. A sort of Rhenish wine, 
 
 so called from the village of Hockheim on the Maine, opposite 
 to Mentz. Bailey. 
 
 V. 305. Or else their sultan populaces, kc] * The author 
 compares the arbitrary actings of the ungovernable mob to the 
 Sultan or Grand Seignior, who very seldom fails to sacrifice any 
 of his chief commanders, called Bassas, if they prove unsuccess- 
 ful in battle. See Knowles's and Sir Paul Rycaut's Histories of 
 the Turks, and Mr. Fenton's Observations on some of Waller's 
 Poems, p. 70. 
 
 V. 309, 310. And who those ucre that ran azcay, And yet 
 gave out th' had won the day.~\ Alluding probably to Sir William 
 
 Waller's
 
 384 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 Although the rabble sous'd them for 't 
 
 O'er head and ears in mud and dirt. 
 
 *Tis true our modern way of war 
 
 Is grown more politic by far, 
 315 But not so resolute and bold, 
 
 Nor ty'd to honour, as the old : 
 
 For now they laugh at giving battle. 
 
 Unless it be to herds of cattle ; 
 
 Or fighting convoys of provision, 
 320 The whole design o* th' expedition, 
 
 And not with downright blows to rout 
 
 The enemy, but eat them out : 
 
 As fighting, in all beasts of prey, 
 
 And eating, are perform'd one way ; 
 
 Waller's defeat at Ronndway Downe, which the soldiers erer 
 after called Runaway Downe. Mr. Whitelock makes the rout 
 to be occasioned by a panic fear in the parliament house : But 
 fiOrd IloUis charges it upon the unskilfulness and cowardice of 
 Sir Arthur Haslcrig. It gave occasion for much rejoicing and 
 pleasant raillery among the Cavaliers ; and Cleveland thus plays 
 upon both those commanders (Character of a London Diurnal): 
 " This is the William, who is the city's champion, and the di- 
 urnal's delight; yet, in all this triumph, translate the scene but 
 to Ronndway Downe, there Ilaslerig's lobsters (see reason why 
 so called, Echard's History of England, vol. ii. p. 418) were 
 turned into crabs, and crawled backwards. There poor Sir 
 William ran to his lady for the use of a consolation." 
 *' Sir William at Runaway Downe had a bout, 
 Which him and his lobsters did totally rout, 
 And his lady the conqueror could not help him out. 
 Which nobody can deny." 
 The Rump carbonadoed, Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. No. 
 26. 
 
 Mr. Whitelock says (Memorials, p. 70), That Waller posted 
 up to London, and, by his presence, silenced invectives against 
 iiim. 
 
 And
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 385 
 
 325 To o-ive defiance to their teeth, 
 
 And fight their stubborn guts to death ; 
 And those achieve the high'st renown, 
 That bring the other stomachs down. 
 There's now no fear of wounds nor maiming, 
 
 330 All dangers are reduc'd to famine ; 
 And feats of arms, to plot, design, 
 Surprise, and stratagem, and mine ; 
 But have no need, nor use of courage, 
 Unless it be for glory, or forage : 
 
 335 For, if they fight, 'tis but by chance, 
 When one side, vent'ring to advance. 
 And come uncivilly too near. 
 Are charged unmercifully i' th' rear ; 
 
 And the author of the Letter from a Spy at Oxford, (p. 8,) 
 speaking of Sir William Waller, at Runaway Downc, or Round- 
 head Downe, as he calls it, says, " Brave William had a beating 
 with a witness, being totally routed by Prince Maurice and Sir 
 John Byron. And this was the twelfth conquest which made 
 up the conqueror's brown dozen in number, compared to the 
 twelve labours of Hercules. For these great victories, so hap- 
 pily gained by this old beaten conquering commander, he was 
 pompously received into London, with little less than a Roman 
 triumph, on Tuesday the 25th of July. The Lord Mayor's 
 show was nothing to it : There wanted nothing but a galley- 
 foist, and then all had been near complete. The people swarmed 
 about him like caterpillars ; every one glutted their eyes in gaz- 
 ing on this conquered Agamemnon ; and a thousand voices cried, 
 " A Waller, a Waller!" Upon which he remarks, p. 10, 
 " Thus you mocked God, the King, and the people ; and by 
 this means you have caused Pagan and Heathen idolatry to be 
 committed. First, to Bacchus there have been offered hundreds 
 of hecatombs of health and carouses ; and secondly. Your burnt 
 sacrifices to Vulcan have been innumerably blazed in bonfires, 
 fire and faggots, guns, flame, pipe and smoke." 
 
 V. 328. the others stomachs, edit. 1700, and following 
 
 ones. 
 
 Vol. IL C c v. 347.
 
 886 HUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And forc*d, with terrible resistance, 
 
 340 To keep hereafter at a distance, 
 
 To pick out ground t' encamp upon, 
 Where store of largest rivers run, 
 That serve, instead of peaceful barriers, 
 To part th* engagements of their warriors ; 
 
 545 Where both from side to side may skip, 
 And only encounter at bo-peep : 
 For men are found the stouter-hearted 
 The certainer th* are to be parted ; 
 And therefore post themselves in bogs, 
 
 350 As th* ancient mice attacked the frogs, 
 And made their mortal enemy. 
 The water-rat, their strict ally. 
 
 T. 347, 348. Tor men are found the sfoufer-kearfed, The cer- 
 tainer th' are to be parted.] See Montaigne's Essays, vol. ii. 
 chap. ii. b. xvi. p. 450, &c. ; Spectator, No. 131. 
 
 . 350. As th' ancient mice attacked the frogs.'] *Homer wrote 
 * poem of the war between the mice and the frogs. 
 
 T. 351, 352. And made their mortal enemy, The water-rat y 
 their strict ally."] Meaning the Dutch, who seemed to favonr the 
 J'arliamentarians. (Mr. W.) 
 
 T. 355, 356. And he's approved the most deserting Who longest 
 tan holdout at starring.] An ordinance was passed March 26, 
 1644, for the contribution of one meal a week towards the 
 charge of the army. Remarkable was the case of Cecily de 
 Rygeway, indicted the 31st of Edward HI. A. D. 1347, for 
 the murder of her husband ; who, refusing to plead, was ad- 
 judged at last to fast forty days together in close prison, with. 
 out meat or drink, which she did. See the record in proof, 
 History of tlie most remarkable Trials of Great Britain, in ca- 
 pital Cases, published 1705, p. 52, 53. Dr. Plot (History of 
 Staffordshire, ch. Tiii. xWii. xlviii.) has given this, with two 
 other remarkable instances of this kind ; namely, of William 
 Francis, who wilfully fasted fourteen days, being melancholy 
 mad ; and of John Scot, a Scotchman, who abstained from meat 
 
 thirty
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 87 
 
 For *tis not now, who *s stout and bold ; 
 But who bears hunger best, and cold ? 
 
 355 And he *s approv'd the most deserving 
 Who longest can hold out at starving : 
 And he that routs most pigs and cows,. 
 The formidablest man of prowess. 
 So th' Emperor Caligula, 
 
 S60 That triumph'd o'er the Biitish sea, 
 Took crabs and oysters prisoners, 
 And lobsters, 'stead of cuirassiers ; 
 Engaged his legions in fierce bustles, 
 With periwinkles, pra\yns, and muscles ; 
 
 365 And led his troops with furious gallops, 
 To charge whole regiments of scallops : 
 
 thirty or forty clays. Others have carried this point much fur- 
 ther, and their accounts greatly exceed belief. 
 
 Picas Mirandula mentions (from Roger Bacon) two English 
 women, one who fasted twenty years, and the other forty. Jo. 
 Fra. Pici Mirandulaj de Rer. Praenotione, lib. iii. torn. ii. Op. 
 Basileae. See more instances, Jo. Fra. Pici Mirandulse Exam, 
 de Doctrin. Vanitat. Gentium, lib. ii. torn. ii. p. 565; ^iigidii 
 Menagii Observat. in Diogcn. Laert. lib. ii. segm, 143. See 
 the Life of Martha Taylor, who lived one year without the use 
 of meat or drink, 8vo. 1669, Catalog. Bibliothec. Harleian. vol. 
 ii. p. 596, No. 9763; and Reynold's Discourse upon the pro- 
 digious Abstinence occasioned by the twelve Months' Fasting 
 of Martha Taylor, the famous Derbyshire Damosel, 1669, id. 
 ib. p. 918, No. 14223 ; Derham's Physico-Theology, book iv. 
 chap. xi. p. 211, 212, 7th edit. ; an account of a woman who 
 had lain six days covered with snow, without receiving any 
 nourishment, Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxviii. for the 
 year 1713, p. 265, &c. ; and a copy of an affidavit made in Scot- 
 land, concerning a boy's living a considerable time without food, 
 Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxxi. No. 361, p. 29. 
 
 V. 359. So th'' Emperor Caligula.^ See an account of this fa* 
 mous expedition, in Suetonius, Caligul. lib. iv. cap. xlvi. ; 
 Echard's Roman History, vol. ii. p. 98, 99; Rapin's History of 
 Jingland, translated by Mr. Tindal, folio edit. vol. i. p. 12. 
 
 C c 2 v. 369,
 
 388 irUDIBRAS. PabtIIL 
 
 Not like their ancient way of war, 
 To wait on his triumphal car ; 
 But when he went to dine or sup, 
 
 370 More bravely eat his captives up ; 
 And left all war, by his example, 
 Reduc'd to vict'ling of a camp well. 
 
 Quoth Ralph, By all that you have said, 
 And twice as much that I could add, 
 
 375 *Tis plain, you cannot now do worse, 
 Than take this out-of-fashion*d course, 
 To hope, by stratagem, to woo her, 
 
 T. S69, 370. But when he xoent to dine or supy^More bravely 
 eat his captives up.] The courage of many of the heroes of those 
 times consisted in their teeth. Sir William Brereton, the fa- 
 mous Cheshire knight, is thus characterised by Mr. Cleveland 
 (Character of aLondon Dinrnal, Works, 1677, p. 118.) " Was 
 Brereton (says he) to fight with his teeth, as he in all other 
 things resembles the beast, he would have odds of any man at 
 his weaptn. Oh ! he's a terrible slaughter-man at a thanksgiv- 
 ing dinner. Had he been cannibal enough to have eaten those 
 he vanquished, his gut would have made him valiant."" 
 
 " Will Brereton's a sinner, 
 
 And Croydon knows a winner; 
 
 But O take heed lest he do eat 
 The rump all at one dinner." 
 
 Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 55. See a further character of him, 
 Mr. Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormond, vol. i. p, 471 ; Im- 
 partial Examination of Mr. Neale's 4th vol. of the History of 
 the Puritans, p. 45. 
 
 ** A man of stomach of the next deal 
 Was hungry Colonel Cobbet, 
 Who would eat at one meal 
 A commonwealth. 
 And make a joint but a gobbet." 
 
 Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. ii. p. 1 57. 
 
 T. 383, 384. Jnd stout lUncldo gained his bride, By courting
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 389 
 
 Or waging battle to subdue her ; 
 Though some have done it in romances, 
 
 380 And bang'd them into amorous fancies ; 
 As those who won the Amazons, 
 By wanton drubbing of their bones ; 
 And stout Rinaldo gain'd his bride, 
 By courting of her back and side. 
 
 385 But, since those times and feats are over, 
 They are not for a modern lover. 
 When mistresses are too cross -grain'd. 
 By such addresses to be gain'd ; 
 
 of Iter back and side-l * A story in Tasso, an Italian poet, of a 
 hero that gained his mistress by conquering her party. 
 
 This account is not literally true of Rinaldo, one of the prin- 
 cipal heroes concerned in the siege of Jerusalem, against the in- 
 fidel Saracens. Armida, a beautiful queen, was in love with 
 hira, and had by magic engaged his afl'ections. But when, by 
 the assistance of his friends, he broke loose from her snares, and 
 left her, she vowed revenge, and oflered to marry any one of 
 those Pagan princes who came to Saladin's assistance, provided 
 they could take off Rinaldo in battle, though she still retained a 
 secret affection for him. But when he had slain, with his own 
 hand, all those princes who had rashly undertaken his death, 
 she fled from him with a design of taking away her own life ; 
 but he pursued and prevented it ; and his love re-kindled by her 
 heavy complaints against him : And when she had given them 
 vent, in the most moving and passionate terms, he convinced her 
 that his affection for her was as strong as ever, which brought 
 about a reconciliation. Fairfax's Godfrey of Bulloigne, book 
 XX. St. 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, p. 650, 
 651, 6.52. See Mr. Kenton's Waller, 1729, p. 278 ; Observa- 
 tions, p. 83; Spectator, No. 14. 
 
 This suits as well with what Shakespeare mentions of Theseus 
 and Hippolyta (in his Midsummer Night's Dream, vol. i, p. 
 79.) Theseus speaks to Hippolyta in the following manner : 
 " Hippolyta, I woo'd thee with my sword, and won thy love, 
 doing thee injuries : fiut I will wed thee in another key, with 
 pomp, with triumph, and with revelling." See History of the 
 Destruction of Troy, book ii. chap. 14. 
 
 C c 3 T. 40^,
 
 j|^ HUmBRAS. Part 111. 
 
 And If they were, would ha\x it out, 
 390 With many another kind of bout. 
 
 Therefore I hold no course s* infcasible, 
 
 As this of force to win the Jezebel ; 
 
 To storm her heart, by th' antic charms 
 
 Of ladies-errant, force of arms ; 
 395 But rather strive by law to win her, 
 
 And try the title you have in her. 
 
 Your case is clear, you have her word, 
 
 And me to witness the accord ; 
 
 Besides two more of her retinue 
 400 To testify what pass'd between you ; 
 
 More probable, and like to hold. 
 
 Than hand, or seal, or breaking gold ; 
 
 For which so many, that renounc'd 
 
 Their plighted contracts, have been trounc'd ; 
 405 And bills upon record been found, 
 
 That forc'd the ladies to compound ; 
 
 And that, unless I miss the matter, 
 
 T. 401, 402. More probable, and like to hold, Than hand, or 
 seal, or breaking gold.'] Breaking of gold was formerly much 
 practised ; and, when done, it was commonly believed, that 
 such a man and woman were made sure to one another, and 
 could marry no other persons : That they had broke a piece of 
 gold between them was looked upon to be a firm marriage-con- 
 tract: Nothing was thought to bind the contract more firmly, 
 before they were actually married, than this breaking a piece of 
 gold. (Dr. B.) 
 
 See an account of Valentine's diriding a gold ring with Cler- 
 mond, Mhcn he took leave of her, before his pilgrimage. His- 
 tory of Valentine and Orson, chap. xli. p. 174. 
 
 T. 403, 406. yind bills upon record been found, That fore" d 
 the ladies to compound.] See a remarkable bill of charges, upon 
 a disappointment in courtship, Guardian, No. 97, 
 
 **0a
 
 Canto III. ' HtJDIBRAS. Mil 
 
 Is all the business you look ajRter: 
 Besides, encounters at the bar 
 
 410 Are braver now than those in war, 
 In which the law does execution, 
 With less disorder and confusion ; 
 Has more of honour in *t, some hold, 
 Not like the new way, but the old ; 
 
 415 When those the pen had drawn together, 
 Decided quarrels with the feather, 
 And winged arrows kill'd as dead, 
 And more than bullets now of lead : 
 So all their combats now, as then, 
 
 420 Are manag'd chiefly by the pen ; 
 
 That does the feat, with braver vigours, 
 In words at length, as well as figures * 
 Is judge of all the \vorld performs 
 In voluntary feats of arms ; 
 
 425 And whatsoe'er *s achieved in fight, 
 Determines which is wrong or right : 
 For whether you prevail, or lose. 
 
 *' On promise of marriage, damages may be recorered, if eiJ 
 ther party refuse to marry: But the promise must be mutual ori 
 both sides, to ground the action, 1 Salk. 24. And though no 
 time for marriage be agreed on, if the plaintiff' aver, that he has 
 offered to marry the woman, and she refused, an action lies 
 against her, and damages are recoverable. If a man and wo- 
 man make mutual promises of intermarriage, and the man gireS 
 the woman 1001. in satisfaction of his promise of marriage, it is 
 a good discharge of the contract. Mod. Cas. 156. By stat. 
 29 Car. II. c. iii. no action shall be brought on any agreement 
 or consideration of marriage, except it be put in writing, and 
 signed by the party to be charged, fcc. And where an agree- 
 ment relating to marriage must be in writing, and when it need 
 not. Vid. Skinn. 353." Jacob's Law Dictionary. 
 
 C c 4 T. 436.
 
 39 > nUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 All must be try*d there in the close ; 
 And therefore 'tis not wise to shun 
 
 430 What you must trust to, ere y* have done. 
 
 The law, that settles all you do. 
 
 And marries where you did but woo. 
 
 That makes the most perfidious lover 
 
 A lady, that's as false, recover; 
 
 435 And, if it judge upon your side, 
 AVill soon extend her for your bride, 
 And put her person, goods, or lands. 
 Or which you like best, inf your hands. 
 For law 's the wisdom of all ages, 
 
 440 And manag'd by the ablest sages ; 
 Who, though their business at the bar 
 
 T. 436. extend her.'] See extend, Jacob's La\r Dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 T. 441, 442. Who.) though their business at the bar Be but t 
 kind of civil war.] This piece of grimace in the gentlemen of thii 
 long robe is sneered by the writer of a pindaric poem inscribed 
 to the Society of Beaux Esprit<?, p. 7. 
 
 ** Nor is your time mispent in parchment jar, 
 The hellish bustle of the bar, 
 Where the loud pratling tribe wage an eternal war : 
 
 A war, while there high words are rais'd, 
 
 Their pedigrees and virtues blaz'd : 
 That is the issue of a first-rate clown, 
 And wore his leathern breeches up to town ; 
 This is a pimp to causes, such a cheat, 
 He'd pawn his soul for a fiye shillings' treat : 
 That has a conscience steel'd, and this a face of brass, 
 And he that looks so gravely is an ass. 
 Yet, when they next meet, they agree, 
 Who but dear Jack and Billy, who but he ? 
 Consult afresh to raise their clients' strife. 
 
 And make it last as long as life: 
 And yet they know the law was meant 
 What's wrongful to redress ! 
 To free the poor and innocent." 
 
 The
 
 Canto III. IR^DIBRAS. ^93 
 
 Be but a kind of civil war, 
 In which th' engage with fiercer dudgeons. 
 Than e'er the Grecians did and Trojans ; 
 
 445 They never manage tlie contest 
 T* impair their pubhc interest, 
 Or by their controversies lessen 
 The dignity of their profession. 
 Not like us brethren, who divide 
 
 450 Our commonwealth, the cause, and side ; 
 And though w' are ail as near of kindred 
 As th' outward man is to the inward, 
 We agree in nothing, but to wrangle 
 About the slightest fingle-fangle ; 
 
 455 While lawyers have more sober sense, 
 Than to argue at their own expence, 
 But make their best advantages 
 Of others quarrels, like the Swiss ; 
 
 The Spectator observes, (No. 13,^ ^' That nothing is more 
 usual in Westminster-hall, than to see a couple of lawyers, who 
 have been tearing one another to pieces in court, embracing one 
 another as so<3n as they are out of it." See'Sj)ectator, No. 2i ; 
 Tatler, No. 42 ; Ben Jonson's Masque of Gypsies, &c. p. 7G. 
 
 V. 453, 454. JFe agree in nothing but to wrangfc About tft^ 
 slightest Jingle-fangh.~\ The Squire in this speech pays a true and 
 worthy compliment to the professors of the law. This obviotis 
 good understanding among themselves makes them easy; and the 
 law ought to be held in veneration, because it is not exposed to 
 the censure and judgment of the vulgar (as other professions 
 mentioned by Ralpho are) by the indiscreet writings of its pro- 
 fessors. (See V. 483, Si:c.) No wonder it is, that the Squire, 
 by such fair aud undeniable arguments in thir favour, persuaded 
 the Knight to apply to a lawyer for advice in hi-< present case, 
 which undoubtedly required relief and satisfaction. {}>lr. B.) 
 
 V. 458. Of others quarrels, like the Siciss. \ 'I'he Cantons of 
 Switzerland will, upon any reasonable terms, allow any i'lirii- 
 tian princes Xq raise soldiers among Ihem ; by which means tkey
 
 M4 IIUDIBRAS. Part III. 
 
 And out of foreign controversies, 
 460 By aiding both sides, fill their purses ; 
 But have no interest in the cause 
 For which tli' engage, and wage the laws ; 
 Nor further prospect than their pay, 
 Whether they lose or win the day. 
 465 And though th' abounded in all ages, 
 With sundry learned clerks and sages. 
 Though all their business be dispute. 
 Which way they canvass every suit, 
 Th' have no disputes about their art, 
 
 arc sure to be at peace with all the neighbouring states, and at 
 the same time make a tolerable provision for great numbers of 
 their people. But one Swiss regiment (as I am told) will not 
 fight with another Swiss regiment, on any consideration. As 
 they are all mustered and exercised every Sunday, so the whole 
 country to a man arc ever ready to fight. (Mr. B. of B.) 
 They expect to have their pay regularly ; *' otherwise (says 
 Mr. Moll, Geography, p. 234, edit. 1701) they are ready to 
 make good the proverb, ' No money, no Swiss.' " Other 
 Quarrels, edit. 1678, 1C84. 
 
 T. 475. T/ic Galcnist and Paracelsian.'] Galen was born in the 
 year 130, and lived to the year 200. See a full account of him, 
 Suidae Lexicon, vol. i. p. 465 ; Labbei Elog. Chronologic. Fa- 
 bricii Bibliothec. Gnec. lib. iv. cap. xvii. torn. iii. p. 510, 527; 
 Chambers's Cyclopaidia. 
 
 Paracelsus was born the latter end of the 15th, and lived al- 
 most to the middle of the 16th century. (See Collier's Dic- 
 tionary.) And though I have given a large account of him in 4 
 note, on part ii. cant. iii. v. 627, I beg leave to add the follow- 
 ing one, translated from the French, and communicated to me 
 
 by Miss W and Miss E r W. two young ladies, who are 
 
 endued with all the perfections of their sex, and admired for 
 their great attainments in polite learning, by all who have th 
 honour of their acquaintance. 
 
 Que V. A. S. me pennettc de luy d'ecrire I'epitaphe, &c. 
 
 *' Your serene Highness will permit me to relate to you an 
 epitaph I saw against the wall in the church at Saltsbourg of 
 a man much esteemed in Germany, and particularly in this part 
 of it. " Conditur,
 
 Caisto III. HUDIBRAS. 93 
 
 47G Nor in polemics controvert : 
 
 While all professions else are found 
 With nothing but disputes t' abound : 
 Divines of ail sorts, and physicians. 
 Philosophers, mathematicians ; 
 
 4,75 The Galenist, and Paracelsian, 
 
 Condemn the way each other deals in ; 
 Anatomists dissect and mangle, 
 To cut themselves out work to wrangle; 
 Astrologers dispute their dreams, 
 
 480 That in their sleeps they talk of schemes : 
 
 *' Conditur, hie, Philippus Theophrastus, 
 Insignis Medicinae Doctor, qui dira ilia 
 Vuluera, lepram, podagram, hydropisim, 
 Aliaque insanabilia corporis contagia 
 iMirifica arte sustulit. 
 
 Ac bona sua in pauperes dlstribuenda 
 CoUocandaque houoravit. 
 
 Anno MDXLI die xxiiij. Septemb 
 Vitam cum morte mutavit." 
 
 " This suits but little with what I learned concemiTig him m 
 France, where he passes only for a quack, desirous of blinding 
 the world by the extraordinary advantages he promised them. 
 
 " This impostor promised to every body the secret of making 
 gold : and nevertheless died himself a beggar, and in the hospital 
 of this very Saltsbourg : where the wealth he left to the poor 
 could be of no use, but to add two lines more to his epitaph. 
 
 " He boasted too, that it was in his power to make the Pope, 
 Luther, and the Turk, agree: he Mas a wicked man then, for 
 he did not do it. I know no quality he had to facilitate his 
 doing it, but that he had no zeal for any party. In fine (says 
 he) 1 have the secret to make a man live to one hundred and 
 fifty, free from diseases ; and he himself died at thirty-seven, 
 loaded with distempers : Nothing of all this persuades me in fa- 
 vour either of his probity or erudition." 
 
 Relations Historique de Voyages en AUcmagne, &c. par Cha. 
 Patin, M. D. Lyon, 1676; Relation Quatrieme a, S. A. Sne. 
 Anthoin Ulric Due de Brunswick, p. 286. 
 
 2 Dr.
 
 195 HUDIBRAS. Part III* 
 
 And heralds stickle, who got who, 
 
 So many hundred years ago. 
 
 But lawyers are too wise a nation, 
 
 T* expose their trade to disputation ; 
 48o Or make the busy rabble judges 
 
 Of all their secret piques and gmdges ; 
 
 In which, whoever wins the day. 
 
 The whole profession 's sure to pay. 
 
 Beside, no mountebanks, nor cheats, 
 490 Dare undertake to do their feats ; 
 
 When in all other sciences 
 
 They swarm like insects, and increase. 
 For what bigot durst ever draw, 
 
 By inward light, a deed in law ? 
 49s Or could hold forth, by revelation, 
 
 An answer to a declaration ? 
 
 For those that meddle with their tools, 
 
 Will cut their fingers, if they 're fools : 
 
 And if you follow their advice, 
 500 In bills, and answers, and replies ; 
 
 They '11 write a love-letter in chancery, 
 
 Shall bring her upon oath to answer ye, 
 
 And soon reduce her to b' your wife, 
 
 Dr. Quincy (Sec Physical Dictionary, p. 164) distinguishes 
 between Galenical and Chemical Medicines ; and observes, that 
 the Galenical run much upon the multiplying of herbs and roots 
 in the same composition, seldom torturing them any other way 
 than by decoction ; in opposition to Chemical medicines, which, 
 by the force of (ire, and a great de.al of art, fetches out the vir- 
 tues of bodies chiefly mineral into a small compass. (For an 
 account of chemical preparations, the reader, if he pleases, may 
 
 consult
 
 Canto III. HUDIBRAS. 3D7 
 
 Or make her weary of her Hfe. 
 
 505 The Knight, who us'd with tricks and shifts 
 To edify by Ralpho*s gifts, 
 But in appearance cry'd him down, , 
 
 To make them better seem his own, 
 (All plagiaries constant course 
 
 510 Of sinking when they take a purse) 
 Resolv'd to follow his advice, 
 But kept it from him by disguise : 
 And, after stubborn contradiction, 
 To counterfeit his own conviction, 
 
 515 And, by transition, fall upon 
 The resolution, as his own. 
 
 Quoth he. This gambol, thou advisest, 
 Is, of all others, the un wisest ; 
 For, if I think by law to gain her, 
 
 520 There *s nothing sillier, nor vainer; 
 'Tis but to hazard my pretence, 
 AVhere nothing 's certain, but th' expence , 
 To act against myself, and traverse 
 My suit and title to her favours : 
 
 525 And if she should, which Heayen forbid, 
 O'erthrow me, as the fiddler did ; 
 
 consult Paracelsus, Van Ilelmont, Lemery, Wilson, Dr. Freind 
 and Boerhaave, who have wrote professedly on that subject. 
 
 V. 481. And heralds stickle, xc/io got w/k),] See Spectator, 
 No. 446. 
 
 V. 507. crfd him down.'] Edit. 1678, 1684. 
 
 Cri/^d them dovm^ 1700 and following editions. 
 
 T. 523, 524. and traverse My suit 
 
 Traverse, Uailoy, and Jacob's Law Dictionary.
 
 fift BUDIBKAf. Part1!T. 
 
 What after- coui-se have I to take, 
 
 'Gainst losing all I have at stake? 
 
 He that with injury is griev'd, 
 530 And goes to law to be reliev'd, 
 
 Is sillier than a sottish chowse, 
 
 Who, when a thief has robb'd his house. 
 
 Applies himself to cunning men, 
 
 To help him to his goods again ; 
 535 When all he can expect to gam, 
 
 Is but to squander more in vain : 
 
 And yet I have no other way, 
 
 But is as difficult to play. 
 
 For to reduce her, by main force, 
 540 Is now in vain; by fair means, worse; 
 
 But worst of all to give her over, 
 
 Till she's as desperate to recover. 
 
 For bad games are thrown up too soon. 
 
 Until th' are never to be won, 
 545 But since I have no other course, 
 
 But is as bad t* attempt, or worse * 
 
 He that complies against his will. 
 
 Is of his own opinion still ; 
 
 Which he may adhere to, yet disown, 
 630 For reasons to himself best known ; 
 
 T. 565. And for his hringin* ciisfom in.'] Sec Sir.Roe;er L'Es- 
 trange's Fable of the Countryman and the Kid, part i. tab. 350. 
 
 V. 573, 574. Moii qpt fomhat I hctce todo^ Js coumeUor aiid 
 justice /oo. J Who this lawyer was I am really at a loss to under- 
 stand : the author of the printed notes ha pointed out E. P. 
 Ksq. as the person intended by Mr. Butler : but I cannot give 
 
 int*
 
 Canto HI. HUDTBRAS. 39 
 
 But 'tis not to b* avoided now, 
 
 For Sidrophel resolves to sue: - 
 
 Whom I must answer, or begin, 
 
 Inevitably, first with him. 
 555 For I *ve receiv'd advertisement, 
 
 By times enough, of his intent ; 
 
 And knowing, he that first complains 
 
 Th' advantage of the business gains : 
 
 For courts of justice understand 
 560 The plaintiff to be eldest hand : 
 
 Who what he pleases may aver, 
 
 The other, nothing till he swear : 
 
 Is freely admitted to all grace, 
 
 And lawful favour, by his place : 
 f65 And, for his bringing custom in," 
 
 Has all advantages to win. 
 
 I, who resolve to oversee 
 
 No lucky opportunity. 
 
 Will go to counsel, to advise 
 570 Which way t' encounter, or surprise, 
 
 And, after long consideration, 
 
 Have found out one to fit th* occasion ; 
 
 Most apt for what I have to do, 
 
 As counsellor and justice too : 
 
 into his opinion ; though his character was not wholly unexcep- 
 tionable, as appears from several passages in Mr. Walker'g 
 History of Independency. Ilis great business in his profession, 
 and the posts that he filled, must take up too much of his time, 
 to suffer him to engage in the proper business of a pettifogger. 
 He had been Commissioner of the Great Seal, worth 1 5001. a 
 year j and then by an ordinance, practised within the bar, as one 
 
 of
 
 400 HUDIBRAS. Pakt III., 
 
 575 And, truly so, no doubt, he was, 
 A lawyer fit for such a case. 
 
 An old dull sot, who told the clock, 
 For many years at Bridewell- dock, 
 At Westminster and Hicks's Hall ; 
 
 580 And hiccius doctius play'd in all ; 
 Wlievc, in all governments and times, 
 ir had been both friend and foe to crimes. 
 And us'd two equal wa5^s of gaining. 
 By hind'ring justice, or maintaining: 
 
 of the King's counsel, worth 5001. per annum. He was after, 
 wards postmaster for all inland letters, M-orth lOGl. e^j&ry Tues- 
 day night, and Attorney general to the Commonvealth of Eng- 
 land (see History of Independency, part i. p. 14J, 166, &c. 
 edit. I66O? anti died in 1659 (as Mr. Echard observes, History 
 of England, \(A. ii. p. 872), worth sixty thousand pounds ingol^ 
 in his coffers, as was credibly reported ; besides lands of great 
 value. Mr. Whitelock observes of him (Memorials 2d edit. p. 
 682,) " That he was a generous person, faithful to the parlia- 
 ment interest, and a good chancery lawyer." Bishop Tillotson, 
 ai> 1 am informed, by a worthy gentleman descended from him, 
 lived with him as chaplain : and he was a man much esteemed in 
 Devonshire, where he lived, (namcl}', at Ford-abbey, which he 
 bought of J^r Samuel Rosewell, reputed by some the hero of this 
 poem lor his hospitable and charitable disposition. What room 
 then for fixing this character upon him, rather than upon Glyn 
 or Maynard, who likewise complied with the times? 
 
 I have been told, that one Sidcrfin, who lived in those times 
 and raised considerable fortunes in a low way of practice, has 
 been reputed the lawyer sneered by our poet. 
 
 Ibid. avd as justice too. \ As such, M'hoever he M-as, 
 
 he might have deserved the character of John Taylor's Basket 
 .Tusticc. Sec his poem entitled, A Brood of Cormorants, Works, 
 p. 7. 
 
 T. 577, 578. An old dull sof, xcho told the dock., For mam/ 
 tfcars at Bridcicell dock.} Alluding probably to liis attendance at 
 Bridewell when petty criminals were whipped, who would not 
 or could not commute their whipping for a sum of money. 
 
 Dr. Plot (see History of Staffordshire, chap. viii. Ixvi. p. 
 
 303,
 
 Canto HT. IIUDIBRAS. 401 
 
 585 To many a whore gave privilege, 
 
 And whipp'd, for want of quarterage; 
 Cart-loads of bawds to prison sent, 
 For b'ing behind a fortnight's rent : 
 And many a trusty pimp and croney, 
 590 To Puddle-dock for want of money ; 
 Engag'd the constable to seize 
 All those that would not break the peace ; 
 Nor give him back his own foul words, 
 Though sometimes commoners, or lords, 
 
 303, see likewise Spectator, No. 447) makes mention of an idiot, 
 who daily amused himself with always counting the hour of the 
 day whenever the clock struck ; and, when it was spoiled by ac- 
 cident, the idiot continued to strike, and count the hour without 
 the help of it. 
 
 V. 580. And hiccius doctius plaifdin all.'] An unintelligible 
 terra used by jugglers. See preface to a tract entitled Hocus 
 Pocus, Vulgar, vol. iii. No. 21 ; Bibliothec. Pcpysian. Such a 
 lawyer as this would certainly have been banished out of Sir 
 Thomas Moore's Utopian Commonwealth. See Translation of 
 the Second Book of his Utopia, printed 1624, p. 104. Hickius 
 docktus, edit. 1678, 1684. 
 
 V. 584. By hindering justice, or maintaining.] Judge Bridle, 
 goose's method (see Rabelais, book iii. chap. xxxixp. 26 1) seems 
 to have been more equitable, who decided causes and contro- 
 versies by the chance and fortune of the dice. Or the Russian 
 custom of giving judgment by lot. See Dr. Giles Fletcher's Trea- 
 tise qf Russia ; Purchas's Pilgrims, part iii. lib. iii. p. 434 ; or 
 the Romantic way of trying causes in some part of the East In- 
 dies, the contending parties putting their bills into the hand of 
 St. Thomas the apostle ; Sir John Mandevilie's Voyages, &c. p. 
 208. 
 
 V. 585. To many a zchore gave privilege.'] Sir Roger L'Estrange 
 observes (Reflection upon the Fable of the Crows and Pigeons, 
 part i. fab. 386), " That set a kite on the bench, and itisforty 
 jo one that he'll bring off a crow at the bar." 
 
 V. 589. And many a trusty pimp and croney, tScc.J * There was 
 a gaol for puny offenders. 
 
 Voi. II. Dd T.595,
 
 4(H IIUDTBRA8. Txna III. 
 
 595 And kept them prisoners of coursf, 
 
 For being sober at ill hours; 
 
 That in tlic n^orning he might free 
 
 Or bind 'em over for his fee. 
 
 ^lade monsters fine, and puppet-plays, 
 600 For leave to practise in their ways ; 
 
 Farm'd out all cheats, and went a share 
 
 With th' headborough and scavenger; 
 
 And made the dirt i' th* streets compound 
 
 For taking up the public ground; 
 605 The kennel, and the King's highway, 
 
 For being unmolested, pay ; 
 
 Let out the stocks, and whipping-post. 
 
 And cage to those that gave him most ; 
 
 Impos'd a tax on bakers eais, 
 
 V. 595, 596. And kept them prisoners of course, For being 
 sober at ill hours.'] Of this cast were the constable and watchman 
 (see Sir Richard Steele's comedy, calleil the Lying LoTers, edit. 
 1712, p. 57) upon the rencounter that happened between Love- 
 more and young Bookwit. 
 
 ConM. " Where, where was this clashing of swords? Soho ! 
 soho ! You Sir, what are you dead ? Speak, friend, what are 
 you afraid of ? If you are dead, the law can take no hold of 
 you. 
 
 IVatdi. I beg your pardon, Mr. Constable, he ought by the 
 law to be carried to the Roundhouse, for being dead at this time 
 of night. 
 
 Const. Then away with him, you there and you, gentlemen, 
 follow me to find who killed him.'' 
 
 V. 699. I^Iiule i7ionstcrs^n, and puppet-plaifs, Sec.'] * lie ex- 
 torted money from those that kept shows. See Don Quixote, 
 vol. iii. chap. xxvi. p. 259. 
 
 There is a remarkable account of Biroche, the famous Pup- 
 pet-player of Paris, who was taken up as a conjurer, in one of 
 4he Cantons of Switzerland (they taking his puppets for so many 
 little devils) ; and he had certainly been condemned as such by 
 
 the
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 403 
 
 6*10 And, for false weights, on cliandelers ; 
 
 Made victuallers and vintners fine 
 
 For arbitrary ale and wine. 
 
 But was a kind and constant friend 
 
 To all that regularly offend : 
 6l5 As residentiary bawds, 
 
 And brokers that receive stoFn goods ; 
 
 That cheat in lawful mysteries, 
 
 And pay church-duties, and his fees : 
 
 But was implacable and awkward 
 620 To all that interlop'd and hawker*d. 
 
 To this brave man the Knight repairs 
 
 For counsel in his law-affairs ; 
 ^ And found him mounted, in his pew, 
 
 With books and money plac'd for shew, 
 
 the magistrates, had not Monsieur Dumont, a colonel of a regi- 
 ment of Swiss, interposed ; who convinced them at last, tiiat 
 there was no witchcraft in the case. However, they insisted upon 
 Biroche's paying the charge of the prosecution ; which he not 
 complying with, they fined him severely by plundering his pup- 
 pets, and carrying off their fine clothes in triumph, and putting 
 him to the expence of new dressing them, before they could ap 
 pear in Flanders. See Count de Rochford's Memoirs, 3d edit, 
 p. 313, &c. Mr. Addison observes (Travels, edit. 1705, p. 508), 
 Ihat the notion of witchcraft prevails very much among the 
 Swiss. And the Spectator (No. 372), that, in Holland, there is 
 a tax upon puppet plays for the industrious poor. 
 
 V. 609. Impos'd a tax on bakers ears.^ That is, took a bribe 
 to save them from the pillory. 
 
 The ancient way of punishing bakers for want of weight was 
 by the tumbrel, or cucking stool. This punishment was inflidted 
 on them in the time of King Henry III. by Hugh Bigod, bro- 
 ther to the Earl Marshal, llollingshead's Chronicle, vol. ii. p, 
 753, edit. 1577. 
 
 V. 619. aukcr'd, edit. 1678, 1684. 
 
 V. 620. and hazoker'd.] See Mauley's Interpreter and 
 
 Cow<:l. SkinneriEtynaolog.; Junii Etymologic. Anglican. 
 
 D d 2 V. 624,
 
 404 HUDIBRAS. Part IIT, 
 
 625 Like nest-eggs to make clients lay, 
 
 And for his false opinion pay : 
 
 To whom the Knight, with comely grace, 
 
 Put off his hat, to put his case ; 
 
 Which he as proudly entertain'd 
 630 As th' other courteously strain'd ; 
 
 And to assure him 'twas not that 
 
 He look'd for, bid him put on 's hat. 
 Quoth he, There is one Sidrophel, 
 
 Whom I have cudgell'd Very well. 
 635 And now he brags V have beaten me ; 
 
 Better, and better still, quoth he. 
 
 And vows to stick me to a wall, 
 
 Where-e'er he meets me Best of all, 
 
 T. 624, 625. TVHh books and monej/ placed for shezCy Like 
 vest'Cggs to make clients luij.~\ 
 
 *' Discord's apartment difFerent was seen, 
 J?e had a lawyer been ; 
 
 One that, if fee were large, loudly could bawl ; 
 liiit had a cough o' fh' lungs, if small : 
 * And never car'd who lost, if he might win. 
 
 Jlis shelves were crainm'd with processes and wrK*, 
 Long rolls of parchment, bonds, citations, wills; 
 Fines, errors, executions, and eternal chancery bills." 
 
 The Progress of Honesty, p. 14. 
 
 T. 645, 646. JVbir, xchcther I should before-hand Siear he 
 
 robbed we? ] Thus, one Ilarman, a very wealthy gentleman 
 
 in Northamptonshire, was served by a tenant. Mr. Harnian 
 hearing that his tenant, w!io was in great arrears, was going to 
 a fair with money to buy cattle, met him designedly upon the 
 road, told him he knew he had money, and desired him to dis- 
 charge some part of his arrears, which he did with some difficul- 
 ty. This coming to the knowledge of persons who were no 
 friends to Harman, they advised his tenant to indidl him for a 
 robbery upon the highway, which he did, and Mr. Harman was 
 condemned ; but pardoned at the instance of one of the same 
 name, who was secretary to the then Lord Treasurer ; for which 
 
 piece
 
 Vol.1 Pa^e Hfff. 
 
 J'i,HUm{ Ip. Ihvi.-r.^J/o,',/ .tj j;-i,/i,T.7i,;-,m.-J J70
 
 CiNTo III. irUDIBRAS. 405 
 
 'Tis true the knave has taken 's oath 
 ^40 That I robb'd him Well done, in troth. 
 
 When h' has confess'd, he stole my cloak, 
 
 And pick'd my fob, and what he took ; 
 
 Which was the cause that made me bang him. 
 
 And take my goods again Marry hang him, 
 645 Now, whether I should before-hand 
 
 Swear he robb'd me ? I understand. 
 
 Or bring my action of conversion 
 
 And trover for my goods ? Ah, whorson. 
 
 Or, if 'tis better to indite, 
 650 And bring him to his trial ? Right* 
 
 Prevent what he designs to do. 
 
 And swear for tli' state asiainst him ? =-True. 
 
 *o' 
 
 piece of service, he left him his whole estate, which was a rery 
 large one. See Authur Wilson's account of it, Bishop Rennet's 
 Complete History of England, vol. ii. p. 787, edit. 1706. 
 
 Remarkable was the custom of the Egyptians with regard to 
 theft and robbery. Upon the thief's discovering the theft, and 
 delivering the money or goods to the chief priest, the person 
 robbed was bound to return one fourth part of the money or 
 goods stolen to the robber. Vid. Diodori Siculi Rer. Antiq. 
 lib. ii, cap. iii. Jo. Fra. Pici MirandulasExam. Doctrin. Vanitat. 
 Gent. lib. iii. torn. ii. p. 652. 
 
 And it is observed of the Sicilians, that, with them, robbery 
 was esteemed honourable ; and the robber, if he was killed in 
 pursuit of booty, was highly honoured after his death. Sexti 
 Philosophi Pyrrh. Hypotyp. lib. iii. edit. l62l, p. 154. See 
 Sir Tho. More's Proposal for the Punishment of Theft. Utopia, 
 book i. p. 20, 21. 
 
 v. 647, 648- Or bring my action of Conversion And trove f 
 
 for my goods? .- ] An action of trover froHi troiivir to find, 
 
 is an action which a man has against one who, having found any 
 of his goods, refuses to deliver them upon demand. Bailey's 
 Dictionary. Jacob's Law Dictionary. 
 
 Dd 3 V.675.
 
 408 IIUDIBRAS. Part HI. 
 
 Or, whether he that is defendant, 
 
 In this case, has the better end on*t ; 
 655 Who," putting in a new cross-bill. 
 
 May traverse the action ? Better still. 
 
 Then there 's a Lady too, Ay, marry, 
 
 That *s easily pror'd accessary ; 
 
 A widow, who, by solemn vows 
 660 Contracted to me, for my spouse, 
 
 Combin'd with him to break her word. 
 
 And has abetted all Good Lord I 
 
 Suborn'd th* aforesaid Sidrophel, 
 
 To tamper with the devil of hell ; 
 665 Who put m* into a horrid fear. 
 
 Fear of my life IMake that appear. 
 
 Made an assault with fiends and men 
 
 Upon my body Good again. 
 
 . 675. Sir, quoth the Laict/er, &c.] The Knight's queries, 
 and the Lawyer's answers, seem to hare been artfuHy managed. 
 The Knight has scarce told (he Lawyer any thing but things false 
 in fact: Mow plausible has he made his own case, and how black 
 ihat of his adversaries ! though he himself was the most notori- 
 ons offender. This is a perfect example of a practice, than which 
 nothing is more common in life: Pfaintiffs and defendants gene- 
 rally represent their own case with a fair outside, and conceal 
 what they think will impeach the justness and validity of it. 
 From hence arise so many law-suits, and from such partial re- 
 presentations very often arc their disappointments occasioned. 
 
 It is observable, that the Knight put his case, and proposed 
 remedies, more like a counsel than a client ; he has a command 
 of proper law terms, and seems not to be unexperienced in liti- 
 gious affairs. The liawyer now gives his advice, which proves 
 to be agreeable (o the Knight's wishes and sentiments ; they 
 thereupon part good friends, and without any wrangling, which 
 kS a thing very rare with the Knight : The Lawyer concurs with 
 the Knight'* opinion, gf the Gonveniences of perjury and for- 
 gery,
 
 Caxto in. HUDIBRAS. 407 
 
 And kept me in a deadly flight, 
 
 670 And false imprisonment, all night. 
 
 Mean while they robb'd me and my horse, 
 And stole my saddle Worse and worse. 
 And made me mount upon the bare ridge, 
 T' avoid a wretcheder miscarriage. 
 
 675 Sir, quoth the Lawyer, not to flatter ye. 
 You have as good and fair a battery 
 As heart can wish, and need not simme 
 The proudest man alive to claim. 
 For, if th' have usM yon, as you say, 
 
 680 Marry, quoth I, God give you joy ; 
 I woulel it were my case, I'd give 
 More than I'll say, (h* you'll believe : 
 I would so trounce her and her purse, 
 I'd make her kneel for better or worse ; 
 
 gery, and conscientiously promises him his service in the main- 
 tenance of them. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 676. You have as good and fair a battery.'] This battery 
 was of the same kind with that of Sir Andrew Aguecheek's 
 (Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, activ. vol. ii, 519), who, when 
 he had struck Sebastian, (taking him for his sister Viola, who 
 was disguised in man's clothes), and Sebastian had returned his 
 compliment, threatens in the following manner: 
 
 Sir Andr. " Nay, let him alone : I'll go another way to work 
 with him ; I'll have an action of battery against him, if there be 
 any law in Illyria : Though I struck him first, yet 'tis no matter 
 for that." 
 
 And probably our Lawyer would have defended it much like 
 him, who, in aggravation of the defendant's crime, in an action 
 of battery, told the judge, " That he beat his client with a cer- 
 tain wooden instrument, called an iron pestle." 
 
 V. 683. Izcouid so trounce her, and her purse.] The first ac- 
 tion brought in a matrimonial case at Home was by Carvilius, 
 near five hundred years after the building of that city. Auli 
 (rellii Noct. Attic, lib. iv. cap. iii. 
 
 Dd 4 y.CSS,
 
 408 IIUUIBRAS. Part III^ 
 
 685 For matrimony, and hanging here, 
 Both go by destiny so clear, 
 That you as sure may pick and choose, 
 As cross I win, and pile you lose : 
 And, if I durst, I would advance 
 
 690 As much in ready maintenance, 
 As upon any case I've known ; 
 But we that practise dare not own : 
 The law severely contrabands 
 Our taking bus'ness off men's hands ; 
 
 6y5 *Tis common barratry, that bears 
 
 Point-blank an action 'gainst our ears, 
 And crops them till there is not leather 
 To stick a pin in left of either ; 
 For which, some do the summer-sault, 
 
 700 And o'er the bar, like tumblers, vault. 
 But you may swear at any rate, 
 
 V. 685, 686. For matrimopy^ and hanging here., Both go b^ 
 destini) so dear.'] Torqucineda (see Spanish Mandeville, 4tb 
 disc. fol. IC-i) mentions a person, who owned at the gallows, 
 '' that It was his destiny to be hanged." 
 
 With regard to matrimony, the young fellow seems to hare 
 been of a different opinion (see L'Estrange's Fables, part i. fab. 
 426), who desired the prayers of the congregation when he was 
 upon the point of matrimony. See the moral. So Nerissa 
 (sec Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, vol. ii. p. 39) speaks 
 in the same style with our poet : 
 
 " The ancient saying is no heresy, 
 Hanging and wiving go by destiny." 
 See what (irace says to Winwife, Bon Jonson's Bartholomew 
 Fair, act iv. sc. iii. 
 
 T. 695. ^Tis common barratry.'] From barret, a wrangling 
 suit. Sec Statute of Champerty, 33, ed. 1, 2. Skene de Vcrbo- 
 rum Sigiiificatione, Cowel's Interpreter, Manley, Wood's In- 
 stitutes, &e. p. 417. See Barrater, Junii Etymologic. Anglican, 
 
 . 697. till there is not leather,] Edit. 1678, 1684. No 
 
 kather, 1700, &c. 
 
 T.699,
 
 Canto III. IIUDIBRAS. 409 
 
 Things not in nature, for the state : 
 For, in all courts of justice here, 
 A witness is not said to swear, 
 
 705 But make oath ; that is, in plain terms. 
 To forge whatever he affirms. 
 
 (I thank you, quoth the Knight, for that, 
 Because 'tis to my purpose pat ) 
 For Justice, though she's painted blind, 
 
 710 Is to the weaker side inclin'd, 
 
 Like Charity; else right and wrong 
 Could never hold it out so long, 
 And, like blind Fortune, with a slight 
 Convey men's interest and right, 
 
 715 From Stiles's pocket, into Nokes's, 
 As easily as hocus pocus : 
 Plays fast and loose, makes men obnoxious. 
 And clear again, like hiccius doctius. 
 
 T. 699,700. Forzchich^somedoihe sumiver-sault^ And o'er the 
 bar^ like tumblers, vault. '\Summer-sault, (Soubresalte^ Fr.) a feat 
 of activity showed by a tumbler. Alluding to the custom f 
 throwing unfair practitioners over the bar. See Chambers's Cy- 
 clopaedia ; Bailey's Diet. ; Barcla)^^'s Argenis, lib. iii. cap. xxii. 
 p. 392. 
 
 V. 7l6. Js easily as hocus pocus.'] " In all probability (says 
 Archbishop Tillotson, Discourse against Transubstantiation) 
 those common juggling words of hocus pocus, are nothing but a 
 corruption of Hoc est corpus, by way of ridiculous imitation of 
 the priests of the church of Rome, in their trick of transubstan- 
 tiation. Into such contempt by this foolish doctrine, and pre- 
 tended miracle of theirs, have they brought the most sacred and 
 venerable mystery of our religion." 
 
 Sec Hocus Pocus Junior, Bibl. Pepysian ; The Anatomy of 
 Legerdemain, or the art of Juggling. 
 
 V. 717, 718. Plqijs fast ami loose, makes men obnoxious, J nd 
 
 dear again jThc crafty part of the profession are bantered 
 
 by
 
 410 IIUDIBRAS. Pat III- 
 
 Then, whether you would take her life, 
 
 720 Or but recover her for your wife, 
 Or be content with what she has, 
 And let all other matters pass, 
 The bus'ness to the law's alone, 
 The proof is all it looks upon : 
 
 725 And you can want no witnesses 
 To swear to any thing you please, 
 That hardly get their mere expences 
 By th' labour of their consciences : 
 Or letting out to hire, their ears 
 
 730 To affidavit customers. 
 
 by the Clown in Shakespeare. See Measure for Measure, 
 act iii. vol. i. p. 357. 
 
 Mr. Butler may probably gird some of those reforming gentle- 
 men, who, during the rebellion, divested persons unexceptiona- 
 ble of their property, with a bad character, and restored them 
 to it with a good one at the restoration. See a remarkable in- 
 stance. Impartial Examination of Mr. Neale's 3d vol. of the 
 History of the Puritans, p. 145, 146. 
 
 V. 723. alo/ie, in all editions to 1704, inclusive. ^11 
 
 oncy in later editions. 
 
 . 725, 72&. Jtid you can xvant no xuitnesses To surar to any 
 thing you please.'] Knights of the post were common in all ages : 
 *' Xon bene conducti vendunt perjuria testes : 
 rson bene selecti judicis area patet." 
 
 Ovidii Amor. lib. i. el. ex. 37, 38, 
 
 John Taylor, the water poet, (see Tract against Cursing and 
 Swearing, p. 50) observes of them, " That it is to be feared, that 
 there are some that do make a living, or trade of swearing : As a 
 fellow being asked once of what occupation he was? made an- 
 swer that he was a vitness (witness) ; which was one that for hire 
 tvould swear in any man's cause, be itrightor wrong." SecGus- 
 man dc Alfarach, or Spanish rogue, folio, 1630, part ii. p. 164. 
 And Mr Walker observes (History of Independency, part iii. 
 p. 27.). " That the Council of State had hundreds of spies, and 
 intelligencers, affidavit men, and knights of the post.'* 
 
 It is a pity that the false witnesses in those times (and all 
 others), by whose evidence people's lives were takcu away, did 
 
 2 not
 
 CanxoIII. HUDIBRA?. 4U 
 
 At inconsiderable values, 
 To serve for joiymen or tales^ 
 Although retain'd in th' hardest matters 
 Of trustees and administrators. 
 
 735 For that, quoth he, let me alone ; 
 W have store of such, and all our own. 
 Bred up and tutor d by our teachers. 
 The ablest of conscience-stretchers. 
 
 Tliat's well, quotli he, but I should guess, 
 
 740 By weighing all advantages, 
 Your surest way is first to pitch 
 On Bongey, for a water- witch; 
 
 not meet with the fat of Soph}', a woman, who giving false e?i- 
 dence against William Bardesius, prajtor of Amsterdam, at ttie 
 instance of his great enemy, Mr. Hwirj Theodorus, Consul <rf 
 that place, in order to take away his life, " had. May 3, 15^1, 
 her tongue cat out, was then hanged, had her body burned, and 
 publicly exposed." Baker's History of tie Inquisition, p. 247- 
 
 T. 732. To serve for jurymen^ or tales.] Tales is a Latin word 
 f known signiftcation : it is used in our common law, for a sup- 
 ply of men impanelled upon a jury, or inquest, and not appear- 
 ing, or challenge<l. For in these cases the judge, upon a peti- 
 tion, granteth a supply to be made by the sheriff, of some men 
 there present, equal in reputation to those that were impanelled. 
 And hereupon the very act of supplying is called, A tales de cir- 
 cumstantibiis. When a whole jury is challenged, they are called 
 Meliores. Cowley's Interpreter ; Wood's Institute f the Com- 
 mon Law, p. 3'91. Japob's Law Dictionary. 
 
 V. 737. Bred up and tutor d try onr teachers.'] Dr. Downing and 
 Steph. Alarshall, who absolved the prisoners released at Brent- 
 ford from their oaths, as has been before observed. 
 
 T. 742. On Bongey, for a xcater arfc/^] * Bongey was a Fran- 
 ciscan, and lived towards the end of the thirteenth century, a 
 doctor of divinity in Oxford, and a particular acquaintance of 
 Friar Bacon. In that ignorant ago, everything that seemed ex- 
 traordinary was reputed magic, and so both Bacon and Bongey 
 
 went
 
 4lt IIUDIBRAS; Part IIL 
 
 And, when y' have hang'd the conjurer, 
 
 Y' have time enough to deal with her, 
 
 745 In th' int'rim spare for no trepans 
 
 To draw her neck into the hanes ; 
 
 Plv her with love-letters and billets, 
 
 And bait 'em well, for quirks and quillets, 
 
 went under the imputation of studying the black art. Bongey, 
 also publishing a treatise of natural magic, confirmed some well- 
 meaning credulous people in this opinion ; but it was altogether 
 groundless, for Bongey was chosen provincial of his order, being 
 a person of most excellent parts and piety. See Collier's Dic- 
 tionary, from Pitts. De Illustribus Anglix Scriptoribus. 
 
 There was likewise " one Mother Bongey, who, in divers 
 books set out with authority, is registered or chronicled by the 
 name of the Great Witch of Rochester." See an Abstract of 
 Scott's History of Witchcraft, British Librarian, No. 4, for 
 April, 1737, p. 226. 
 
 V. 747, 748. Ply her with love-letters and billets, And bait 'em 
 z:fll, for quirks and quillets.'] The word quillet is often used by 
 Shakespeare, in his Love's Labour Lost, act iii. vol. ii. p. 142. 
 Upon the King of Navarre's talking with his company of love, 
 and Dumont's saying, 
 
 *' Ay marry there some flattery for this ctU " 
 Longville answers, 
 
 " Oh ! some authority how to proceed, 
 
 Some tricks some quillets how to cheat the devil." 
 The Earl of Warwick likewise uses the word, Shakespeare's 
 First Part of Henry VL act ii. vol. iv. p. 138. 
 
 *' But in these nice sharp quillets of the law, 
 Good faith 1 am no wiser than a daw." 
 
 See Second Part of Henry VI. act iii, p. 245. 
 Timon. " Consumptions sow 
 
 In hollow bones of man, strike their sharp shins, 
 And mar men sparring. Crack the lawyer's voice, 
 That he may nevermore false title plead, 
 Nor sound his quillets shrilly." Timon of Athens, rol. 5- 
 p. 274. And in his Hamlet, act v. vol. vii. p. 347. 
 
 Hamlet seeing the grave-digger digging up sculls, says, 
 Ham. " Why may not that be the scull of a lawyer ? 
 Where be his quiddities now ? his quillets ? his cases ? 
 His tenures, and his tricks ?" 
 See Warner's Albion's England, book xiv. chap. xci. p. 369. 
 Mr. Peck, in his Explanatory and Critical Notes on Shake- 
 spears'*
 
 Canto m. IIUDTBRAS. 41^ 
 
 With trains t* inveigle, and surprise 
 750 Fler heedless answers and replies : 
 
 Aqd, if she miss the mouse trap-lines, 
 They'll serve for other by-designs ; 
 And make an artist understand 
 To copy out her seal, or hand ; 
 
 speare's Plays, see New Memoirs of the Life of Milton, p. 230, 
 upon the passage above from Love's Labour Lost, observes^ 
 *' That quillet^ as Minshew says, is a small parcel. Here we 
 come to the point. If we look into the map of Derbyshire, 
 we find a place called Over-Seile, which parish, though sur- 
 rounded by Derbyshire, is yet a quillet, or small parcel of Lei- 
 cestershire. The like may be observed of divers other places in 
 other counties. These quillets, in all sheriff's aids, scutages, 
 and the like, it should seem, were taxed, or pretended to be 
 taxed, sometimes with the one county, sometimes with the other, 
 and sometimes with neither. Thus, when the Sheriff of Leices- 
 ter demanded those aids of the Parish of Over-Seile, it is proba- 
 ble they answered, they belonged to Derbyshire, not to Leices- 
 tershire. Again, when the sheriff of Derby demanded those 
 aids, that they belonged to Leicestershire and not to Derbyshire, 
 and so by this petty artifice sometimes got excused from both, or 
 at least attempted so to do. The word is often used in our au- 
 thor, and is always used to signify a quirk of the law, or quibble." 
 
 V. 754. To copy out her seal.] Mr. Selden observes, (Notes 
 upon the Fourth Song of Drayton's Polyolbion, p. Gd), " That 
 there were no seals before the conquest in England : no King of 
 this land, except the Confessor, before (he conquest, ever using 
 in their charters more than subscription of name and crosses." 
 
 The puishraent inflicted for counterfeiting another man's seal, 
 was no less than abjuring the kingdom, or going into perpetual 
 exile, as appears by a writ of King John to the sheriff of Oxford, 
 (Dugdale's Antiquit. of Warwickshire, p. 922, col. i.) wherein 
 the king commands the sheriff, to cause one Ankerill Manvers, 
 who had been taken up for falsifying the seal of Robert dc Old- 
 bridge, to abjure the realm, and to send him without delay to 
 the sea by some of his officers, who should see him go out of the 
 land." Dissertation on the Antiquity and Use of Seals in Eng- 
 land, by Mr. Lewis, of Margate, 1740, p. 29. 
 
 Ibid. or hand.] There have been artists in this way 
 
 in all ages. A remarkable instance of tliis kind was Young, 
 (he forger of the flo\j'er-pot plot, in the reign of William III, 
 
 who
 
 414 HUDIBRAS. tART III. 
 
 755 Or find void places in the paper 
 
 To steal in something to intrap her; 
 Till with her worldly goods and body, 
 Spite of her heart, she has endow'd ye ; 
 Retain all sorts of witnesses, 
 
 750 That ply i* th' Temples, under trees ; 
 
 Or walk the round, with knights o* th* posts. 
 About the cross-legg'd knights, their hosts ; 
 
 who was, I think, afterwards hanr;ed for coining in Newgate. 
 Sec an axrconnt of him in tlic Case of Blarklicad and Young. 
 
 Her Grace the Duchess Dowager of Marlborough (see an 
 Account of her Condu^, 1742) observes upon the imprisonment 
 of the Lord Marl borougii for this plot, " That, to commit a 
 
 C?cr, there should be an affidavit from somebody of the treason, 
 ord Romncy, secretary of state, sent for one Young, who was 
 then in jail for perjury and forgery, and paid the fine to make 
 him, what thoy call, a legal evidence ; for the court-lawyers 
 said) Young, not having lost his ears, was an irreproachable 
 evidence." Which verifies Sir Roger L'Es-trange's observation 
 (Reflection on fab. 386, part i.), *' That for a knight of tlic 
 post, alluding to the practice of those times, it is but dubbing 
 him with the title of King's evidence, and the work is done." 
 
 V. 760. That jtly V th' Temples, vnder frees.'] Mr. Oldhara al- 
 ludes to this practice, 13th Sat, of Juvenal imitated, p. 2P8. 
 
 ** If Temple-walks, or Smithfield, never fail 
 Of plying rogues that set their souls to sale 
 To the best passenger that bids a price, 
 And make their livelihood of perjuries i 
 For God's sake, why are you so delicate, 
 And think it hard to share the common fate ?" 
 T. 762. Aboift the cross-lrgs:^il ktiights, their hosts.} He calls tle 
 monamcnts of the old knights lying cross-legged, hosts to the 
 knights of the post : alludinj to the proverb of dining with 
 Duke Humphrey. The knights of the post walking in West- 
 minster.abbey about dinner time. (Mr. W.) 
 
 See the proverb of dining with l>ike Humphrey explained 
 among the f^ondon Proverbs, Fuller's Worthies, p. 198. and a 
 norm entitled. The legend of the thrice honourable, ancient, and 
 ircnoMnt'd Prince, his Grace, Humphrey, Duke of St.I^aul's Catho- 
 jlral Walk, Surveyor of the Monuments and Tombs of West- 
 
 niiastcr
 
 Canto HI. HUDIBRAS. 4XS 
 
 Or wait for customers between 
 
 The pillar- rows in Lincoln 's-inn ; 
 765 Where vouchers, forgers, common-bail. 
 
 And affidavit-men, ne'er fail 
 
 T* expose to sale all sorts of oaths, 
 
 According to their ears and cloaths, 
 
 Their only necessary tools, 
 770 Besides the gospel, and their souls. 
 
 And, when y* are furnisb'd with all purveys, 
 
 I shall be ready at your service. 
 I would not give, quoth Hudibras, 
 
 A straw to understand a case, 
 775 Without the admirable skill 
 
 To wind and manage it at will ; 
 
 To veer, and tack, and steer a cause, 
 
 Against the weather-gage of laws ; 
 
 And ring the changes upon cases, 
 780 As plain as noses upon faces ; 
 
 As you have well instructed me, 
 
 For which you *ve earn'd (here *tis) your fee : 
 
 minster and the Temple, Patron io the Perambulators of the 
 Piazzas in Covent-Garden, Master of King's-Bcnch-Hall, and 
 one of the Colleges Privy-Council (penes me.) 
 
 V. 767, 768. 'P expose to sale all sorts of oaths, According 
 to their ears and clothes.~\ Lord Clarendon gives a remarkable 
 instance of this kind. History of the Rebellion, vol. ii. p. 355. 
 *' An Irishman of a very mean and low condition, who after- 
 wards acknowledged, that being brought to Mr. Pym, as an 
 evidence of one part of the charge against the Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, viz, the Earl of Strafford, in a particular in which a 
 person of so vile a quality would not be reasonably thought a 
 competent informer, Mr. Pym gave him money to buy a sattin 
 suit and cloak ; in which equipage he appeared at the trial, and 
 gave his evidence." 
 
 V. 7S2.
 
 416 JIUDIRRAS. Fart III. 
 
 I long to practise your advice, 
 
 And try the subtle artifice ; 
 785 To bait a letter, as you bid : 
 
 As, not long after, thus he did ; 
 
 For, having pump'd up all his wit, 
 
 And humm*d upon it, thus he writ. 
 
 T. 782. For which you've earned (here ^ tin) your fee. "] The 
 btfggar's prayer for the lawyer would hare suited this gentleman 
 Tcry well. Sec the Works of J. Taylor, the water-poet, p. 101. 
 ** May the terms be everlasting to thee, thou man of tongue ; 
 and may contentions grow and multiply, may actions beget ac- 
 tions, and cases engender cases as thick as hops ; may erery day 
 of the year be a Sh rove-Tuesday ; let proclamations forbid 
 fighting, to increase actions of battery ; that thy cassock may be 
 thrce.pilcd, and the welts of thy gown may not grow thread- 
 bare I"
 
 AN 
 
 HEROICAL EPISTLE 
 
 OP 
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 
 
 Vol. II. Ee
 
 AN 
 
 HEROICAL EPISTLE, &c, 
 
 I, v/HO was once as great as Csesar, 
 
 Am now reduc*d to Nebuchadnezzar; 
 
 And from as fam'd a conqueror 
 
 As ever took degree in war, 
 5 Or did his exercise in battle. 
 
 By you turn'd out to grass with cattle 
 
 For since 1 am deny*d access 
 
 To all my earthly happiness, 
 
 Am fallen from the paradise 
 10 Of your good graces, and fair eyes, 
 
 Lost to the world, and you, I'm sent 
 
 'To everlasting banishment ; 
 
 This cpisUe was to be the result of all the fair methods the 
 Knight was to use in gaining the Widow : it therefore required 
 all his wit and dexterity to draw from this artful lady an unwary 
 answer. If the plot succeeded, he was to compel her imroedi- 
 atcly, by law, to a compliance with his desires. But the Lady 
 was too cunning to give him such a handle as he longed for ; on 
 the contrary, her answer silenced all his pretensions. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V. 2. Amnowrcduc'd to Nebuchadnezzar.'] See Daniel iv. 32, 
 33. Webster's Display of Supposed Witchcraft, p. 91 to 
 
 97, inclusive. 
 
 Ee2 
 
 T. 53,
 
 40 AN HEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 Where all the hopes I had t' have won 
 Your heart, being dash'd, will break my own, 
 
 15 Yet if you were not so severe 
 To pass your doom before you hear, 
 You 'Id find, upon my just defence, 
 How much y' have wrong'd my innocence. 
 That once I made a vow to you, 
 
 20 Which yet is unperform'd, 'tis true ; 
 But not, because it is unpaid, 
 Tis violated, though delayed : 
 Or, if it were, it is no fault, 
 So heinous as you *ld have it thought ; 
 
 25 To undergo the loss of ears, 
 Like vulgar hackney perjurers : 
 For there 's a difference in the case. 
 Between the noble and the base ; 
 Who alwavs are observ'd t* have done *t 
 
 30 Upon as different an account : 
 
 The one for great and weighty cause, 
 
 To salve, in honour, ugly flaws ; 
 
 For none are like to do it sooner, 
 
 Tlian those who are nicest of their honour: 
 
 35 The other, for base gain and pay. 
 Forswear and perjure by the day ; 
 And make th* exposing and retailing 
 
 T. 63, 54' To make the ears repair the wrong Committed 6y 
 th* ungovern^d iofigue.'} Sir Iltidibras seems to think it as un- 
 reasonable to pnnish one member for the fault of another, as 
 the Dutchman did the application made to one part for the cure 
 of another. *< A purse-proud Dutchman," says Sir Roger 
 L'Estrange, Fables, part ii. fab. 313, " was troubled with a 
 
 megrim ;
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 491 
 
 Their souls, and consciences, a calling. 
 It is no scandal, nor aspersion, 
 
 40 Upon a great and noble person, 
 To say, he nat'rally abhorr*d 
 Th* old-fashion'd trick, to keep his word, 
 Though 'tis perfidiousness and shame. 
 In meaner men, to do the same : 
 
 45 For to be able to forget 
 
 Is found more useful to the great 
 Than gout, or deafness, or bad eyes, 
 To make 'em pass for wond'rous wise. 
 But though the law, on perjurers, 
 
 50 Inflicts the forfeiture of ears, 
 It is not just, that does exempt 
 The guilty, and punish the innocent ; 
 To make the ears repair the wrong 
 Committed by th' ungovern'd tongue ; 
 
 65 And, when one member is forsworn, 
 Another to be cropp'd or torn. 
 And if you should, as you design, 
 By course of law, recover mine, 
 You 're like, if you consider right, 
 
 60 To gain but little honour by *t. 
 For he that for his lady's sake 
 Lays down his life, or limbs, at stake, 
 
 megrim ; the doctors prescribed him a clyster the patient fell 
 into a rage upon it ; Why certainly these people are all mad 
 (says he,) who talk of curing a man's head at his tail." 
 
 E e 3 ' T. lis.
 
 H AN UEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 Does not so much deserve her favour 
 As he that pawn's his soul to have her, 
 65 This y' have acknowledg'd I have done, 
 Although you now disdain to own : 
 But sentence what you rather ought 
 T* esteem good service, than a fault. 
 Besides, oaths are not bound to bear 
 70 That literal sense the words infer : 
 But, by the practice of the age, 
 Are to be judg'd how far th* engage ; 
 And, where the sense by custom 's check'd, 
 Are found void, and of none effect. 
 75 For no man takes or keeps a vow, 
 But just as he sees others do : 
 Nor are th' oblig'd to be so brittle, 
 As not to yield and bow a little : 
 For as best-temper'd blades are found, 
 80 Before they break, to bend quite round, 
 So truest oaths are still most tough, 
 And, though they bow, are breaking proof. 
 Then wherefore should they not b* allow'd 
 In love a greater latitude ? 
 85 For, as the law of arms approves 
 
 All ways to conquest, so should love's ; 
 And not be tied to true or false. 
 But make that justest that prevails : 
 
 . 113, 114. Or who, but lovers, can converse, Like angels, 
 hy the eye-discourse?'] Metaphysicians are of opinion, that an- 
 gels and souls departed, being divested of all gross matter, un- 
 1 derstand
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 423 
 
 For how can that which is above 
 90 All empire, higli and mighty Love, 
 
 Submit its great prerogative 
 
 To any other power alive ? 
 
 Shall Love, that to no crown gives place, 
 
 Become the subject of a case ? 
 95 The fundamental law of nature 
 
 Be over-rurd by those made after ? 
 
 Commit the censure of its cause 
 
 To any, but its own great laws ? 
 
 Love that 's the world's preservative, 
 100 That keeps all souls of things alive ; 
 
 Controuls the mighty power of fate, 
 
 And gives mankind a longer date ; 
 
 The life of nature, that restores, 
 
 As fast as time and death devours ; 
 105 To whose free gift the world does owe, 
 
 Not only earth, but heaven too : 
 
 For love 's the only trade that 's driven, 
 
 The interest of state in heaven, 
 
 Which nothing, but the soul of man 
 110 Is capable to entertain. 
 
 For what can earth produce, but love, 
 
 To represent the joys above ? 
 
 Or who, but lovers, can converse, 
 
 Like angels, by the eye-discourse ? 
 
 derstand each other's sentiments by intuition, and consequently 
 nxaiataia a sort pf conrersation without the organs of speech. 
 
 j: c 4 The
 
 AN IIEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 115 Address and compliment by vision, 
 Make love and court by intuition ? 
 And burn in amorous flames as fierce 
 As those celestial ministers ? 
 Then how can any thing offend, 
 
 120 In order to so great an end ? 
 Or heav'n itself a sin resent, 
 That for its own supply was meant? 
 That merits, in a kind mistake, 
 A pardon for th' offence's sake. 
 
 125 Or if it did not but the cause 
 Were left to th' injury of laws, 
 
 The correspondence by two persons at a great distance, men- 
 tioned by Strada, and quoted by the Guardian, No. *1 19, was 
 much more extraordinary than this eyc-discoursoof lovers. I le, 
 in the person of Lucretius, "^ives an account of the chimerical 
 correspondence between two friends by the help of a loadstone, 
 which had such a virtue in it that it touched two several needles. 
 When one of these needles so touched began to move, the 
 other, though at never so great a distance, began to move at the 
 amc time, and in the same manner. He tells us, that the two 
 friends, being each of them possessed of one of these needles, 
 made a kind of dial-plate, inscribing it with four and twenty 
 letters, in the same manner that the hours of the day are marked 
 upon the ordinary dial-plate: they then lixed the needles on 
 each of these ))]ates in such a manner that it could move round 
 without impediment, so as to touch any of the four and twenty 
 letters. Upon separating from one another into distant coun- 
 tries, they agreed to withdraw themselves punctually into their 
 closets at a certain hour of the day, and to converse with one 
 another by means of this their invention. Accordingly, when 
 they were some hundred miles asunder, each of them shut him- 
 self up in his closet at the time appointed, and immediately cast 
 his rye upon his dial-plate. If he had a mind to write any thing 
 io his friend, ho directed his needle to every letter that formed 
 the words which he had occasion for, makinga little pause at the 
 ciul of every word or sentcace^ to avoid confusion : the friend, 
 
 at
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 426 
 
 What tyranny can disapprove 
 
 There should be equity in love ? 
 
 For laws that are inanimate, 
 130 And feel no sense of love or hate; 
 
 That have no passion of their own, 
 
 Nor pity to be wrought upon ; 
 
 Are only proper to inflict 
 
 Revenge on criminals as strict : 
 135 But to have power to forgive 
 
 Is empire, and prerogative ; 
 
 And *tis in crowns a nobler gem 
 
 To grant a pardon, than condemn. 
 
 at the same time, saw his own sympathetic needle moving itself 
 to every letter which that of his correspondent pointed at. By 
 this means they talked together across a whole continent, and 
 conveyed their thoughts to one another in an instant, over cities, 
 mountains, seas, or deserts." 
 
 V. 121 . Or heaven itself a sin resent, &c.] * In regard children 
 are capable of being inhabitants of heaven, therefore it should 
 not resent it as a crime to supply store of inhabitants for it, 
 
 V. 137, 138. AmVtis in cromjsanohlcrgcm To grant a par- 
 don, than com/ew.]This was part of Julius Gxsar's character, as 
 given us by Sallust, in his comparison of M. Cato and C. Ciesar. 
 Bell. Catilinar, Sallustii Op. edit, varior. 1G90, p. 139. "Ca?sar 
 beneficiis, ac munificentia magnus habebatur, intcgritate vita? 
 Cato ; ille mansuetudine et misericordia clarus, factus ; huic sc- 
 veritas dignitatem addiderat. CiKsardando, ^iblevaudo, ignoscen- 
 do ; Cato nihil largiendo gloriam adcptus est.'' See Spectator's 
 remark upon these two characters, vol. ii. No. 169. Vid. He- 
 liodori /Ethiopic. lib. ix. cap. xxv, p. 453, edit. Lugduui, 1611 j 
 Barclay's Argenis, lib. v. cap. i. p. 572. 
 
 Isabella (see Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, Works,vol. 
 i. p. 366), in pleading to Angelo for her brother's life, seems tp 
 have been of this opiniou. 
 
 '' No ceremonies (says she) that to great ones 'longs. 
 Not the King's crown, nor the deputed sword, 
 
 The
 
 4<S AN HEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 Then, since so few do what they ought, 
 140 Tis great t' indulge a well-meant fault; 
 
 For why should he who made address. 
 
 All humhle ways, without success, 
 
 And met with nothing in return, 
 
 But insolence, affronts and scorn, 
 145 Not strive by wit to countermine. 
 
 And bravely carry his design ? 
 
 He who was us'd so unlike a soldier. 
 
 Blown up with philters of love-powder ? 
 
 And, after letting blood, and purging, 
 150 Condemn*d to voluntary scourging : 
 
 Alarm'd with many a horrid fright. 
 
 And claw*d by goblins in the night; 
 
 Insulted on, revil'd, and jeer*d, 
 
 With rude invasion of his beard ; 
 155 And, when your sex was foully scandal'd, 
 
 As foully by the rabble handled ; 
 
 The marshal's truncheon, nor the judge's robe, 
 Become them with half so good a grace, as mercy doth." 
 See a remarkable instance, in the case of Bonneval, sated by 
 Cardinal Richlieu, La Belle AssemblCe, published 1738, vol. ii. 
 p. 65. 
 
 . 148. Blozm up uith philters of love-powder.'] See Eleanor 
 Cobham's Hcroical Epistle to Duke Humphrey, Drayton's Ile- 
 roical P^pistles, fol. 50; Shakespeare's King Henry VI. 2d part, 
 aa ii. vol. iv, p. 211, 218, aft ii. 228, 231 ; Wieride Prxstigiis 
 Daimonum, lib. iii. cap. xxxix. ; Turkish Spy, vol. vii. book 
 iv. let. 5. 
 
 T. 173. You tcound like Parthians, while you fly .^ &c.] *Par- 
 thians are the inhabitants of a province in Persia : they were 
 excellent horsemen, and very exquisite at their bows ; and it is 
 reported of them, that they generally slew more upon their re- 
 treat, thaa they did in the engagement." 
 
 ** Fidentemque
 
 HUDIBRAS TO UIS LADY. 42t 
 
 Attacked by despicable foes, 
 
 And drubb'd with mean and vulgar blows ; 
 
 And, after all, to be debarr'd 
 160 So much as standing on his guard ; 
 
 When horses, being spurr*d and prick'd, 
 
 Have leave to kick, for being kickM ? 
 Or why should you, whose mother-^vits 
 
 Are furnish'd with all perquisites, 
 l65 That with your breeding teeth begin, 
 
 And nursing babies that lie in, 
 
 B* allow'd to put all tricks upon 
 
 Our cully sex, and we use none ? 
 
 We, who have nothing but frail vows, 
 170 Against your stratag-ems t' oppose. 
 
 Or oaths more feeble than your own, 
 
 By which we are no less put down ! 
 
 You wound Uke Parthians, while you fly, 
 
 And kill with a retreating eye : 
 
 *' Fidentemque fuga Parthum, versisque sagittls '* 
 
 Virgilii Georgic. lib. iii. 31. 
 
 " >Et missa Parthi post terga sagitta." 
 
 Lucan. Pharsal. lib. i. 230. 
 lloratii Carm. ii. 12, 13, l4, 17, IS ; Justini Histor. lib. xli. ; 
 Gruteri Fax Art. torn. iii. par. i. cap. xlvi. p. 515; Lewis's 
 History of the Parthian Empire, p. 4, 5. 
 
 The Russians and Tartars shoot forwards and backwards. 
 See Dr. Giles Fletcher's Account of Russia, Purchas's Pilgrims, 
 part iii. lib. 3. p. 437. And the author of a book, entitled, A 
 Discourse of the Original of the Cossacs and Precopian Tartars, 
 1762, obserTCS, p. 62, " That the Tartars shoot their arrows 
 behind them with such exactness as to bit those that pursue them 
 at two hundred paces distance." 
 
 Mr. Prior ( as Mr. Warburton observes) borrowed this thought 
 to adorn his ode on a lady that refused to continue a dispute. 
 " So when the Parthian turns his steedj" &c, 
 
 T. 188.
 
 4S8 AN HEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 175 Retire the more, the more we press. 
 To draw us into ambushes : 
 As pirates all false colours wear, 
 T' entrap th* unwary mariner ; 
 So women to surprise us, spread 
 
 180 The borrow'd flags of white and red : 
 Display *em thicker on their cheeks. 
 Than their old grandmothers, the Picts ; 
 And raise more devils with their looks, 
 Than conjurers less subtle books. 
 
 185 Lay trains of amorous intrigues, 
 In toAvers, and curls, and perriwigs, 
 With greater art and cunning rear'd, 
 Than Philip Nye's thanksgiving beard ; 
 Preposterously t* entice and gain 
 
 190 Those to adore 'em they disdain ; 
 And only draw 'em in to clog, 
 With idle names, a catalogue. 
 
 A lover is, the more he's brave, 
 T' his mistress, but the more a slave ; 
 
 r. 188. Than Philip Nt/c's thanksgiving beard.'] * One of the 
 Assembly of Divines, Tcry remarkable for the singularity of his 
 beard. 
 
 Nye was a leading Independent preacher : *' He was put into 
 Dr. Featly's living at Acton, and rode thither every Lord's day 
 in triumph, in a coach drawn with four horses, to exercise 
 there." Sec Levite's Scourge, 1644, p. 61. 
 
 'I'hcrc was a curious pulpit and paper war carried on (says 
 -_ Byron) between this Saint and William Lilly the conjurer, 
 
 ^' the lawfulness of his art, though Lilly was employed for 
 aboutryice of the Parliament. Which dispute (like many others) 
 the scterlardod with some pretty epithets, personal altercations, 
 was in For Nye bleatedforthhis judgment publicly against Lilly 
 &c. " and
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 429 
 
 195 And whatsoever she commands, 
 
 Becomes a favour from her hands ; 
 
 Which he's obhg*d t' obey, and must. 
 
 Whether it be unjust or just. 
 
 Then, when he is compelled by her 
 200 T' adventures he would else forbear. 
 
 Who, with his honour, can withstand. 
 
 Since force is greater than command ? 
 
 And, when necessity's obey'd, 
 
 Nothing can be unjust or bad : 
 205 And therefore, when the mighty powers 
 
 Of love, our great ally, and yours, 
 
 Join'd forces not to be withstood 
 
 By frail enamour*d flesh and blood ; 
 
 All I have done, unjust or ill, 
 210 Was in obedience to your will; 
 
 And all the blame that can be due, 
 
 Falls to your cruelty and you. 
 
 Nor are those scandals I confess'd 
 
 Against my will and interest 
 
 and astrology ; and in return Lilly called Nye a Jesuitical Pres 
 byterian (he was an Independent), and says, that to be quit with 
 him, he urged Abbot Causinus the Jesuit's approbation of astro- 
 logy ; and concluded, Sic canibus Catulos," &c. Lilly's Life, 
 p. 83. 
 
 At the restoration it was debated several hours together, whe- 
 ther Philip Nye and John Goodwin should not be excepted for 
 life, because they had acted so highly (none more so, except 
 Hugh Peters) against the King ; and it came at last to this result. 
 That if, after the ] st of September, the same year, they should 
 accept any preferment, they should in law stand as if they had 
 been excepted totally for life. Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. 
 col. 369. 
 
 V. 230,
 
 430 AN HEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 215 More than is daily clone of course, 
 By all nieu, when they 're under force. 
 Whence some, upon the rack, confess 
 What th' hangman and their prompters please; 
 But are no sooner out of pain, 
 
 220 Than they deny it all again. 
 
 But, when the devil turns confessor, 
 Truth is a crime he takes no pleasure 
 To hear or pardon, like the founder 
 Of liars, whom they all claim under : 
 
 225 And therefore, when I told him none, 
 I think it was the wiser done. 
 Nor am I without precedent, 
 The first that on th' adventure went ; 
 All mankind ever did of course, 
 
 S30 And daily does the same, or worse. 
 For what romance can shew a lover, 
 That had a lady to recover, 
 And did not steer a nearer course, 
 To fall a-board in his amours ? 
 
 35 And what at first was held a crime, 
 Has turn'd to honourable in time. 
 
 To what a height did infant Rome, 
 By ravishing of women, come ? 
 
 T. 230. Jnd dailjf doeSf in all editions to 1716, iocluSiye ; 
 dailif do J 1726, &c. 
 
 T. 233. And did not steer a nearer course,~\ This is true of 
 some romances, particularly of Amadis dc Gaul and Amadis de 
 Greece, but of no others that I know of. 
 
 T. 237. To uhat a hcii^hi did infant Rome, &c.] * When Ro- 
 mulus had built Rome, he made it an asylum or place of refuge 
 for all malefactors, and others obnoxious to the laws, to retire 
 %i by wkich means it soon came to be very populous ; but 
 
 whea
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY; 41 
 
 When men upon their spouses seiz'd, 
 
 240 And freely married where they pleased : 
 They ne*er forswore themselves, nor ly'd, 
 Nor, in the mind they were in, dy'd ; 
 Nor took the pains t' address and sue, 
 Nor play'd the masquerade to woo ; 
 
 245 Disdain'd to stay for friends consents, 
 Nor juggled about settlements ; 
 Did need no licence, nor no priest, 
 Nor friends, nor kindred, to assist ; 
 Nor lawyers, to join land and money, 
 
 250 In th* holy state of matrimony. 
 
 Before they settled hands and hearts 
 Till alimony, or death, departs : 
 Nor would endure to stay, until 
 Th' had got the very bride*s good will, 
 
 255 But took a wise and shorter course 
 To win the ladies downright force : 
 And justly made *em prisoners then. 
 As they have, often since, us men ; 
 With acting plays, and dancing jigs, 
 
 260 The luckiest of all love's intrigues ; 
 
 And, when they had them at their pleasure, 
 
 when he began to consider, that without propagation it 
 would soon be destitute of inhabitants, he invented several fine 
 shows, and invited the young Sabine women, then neighbours ta 
 them ; and, when they had them secure, they ravished them ; 
 from whence proceeded so numerous an offspring. 
 
 V. 252. Tiil alimony, or death, departs.] * Alimony is an allow- 
 ance that the law gives the woman for her separate maintenance 
 upon living from her husband. That and death are reckoned 
 the only separations in a married state. 
 
 V. 305^
 
 4S AN HEROICAL EPISTLE OF 
 
 Then talk'd of l6ve and flames at leisure : 
 
 For, after matrimony *s over, 
 
 He that holds out, but half a lover, 
 
 265 Deserves, for every minute more, 
 Than half a year of love before ; 
 For which the dames in contemplation 
 Of that best way of application, 
 Prov'd nobler wives than e'er were known, 
 
 270 By suit, or treaty, to be won ; 
 And such as all posterity 
 Could never equal, nor come nigh. 
 
 For women first were made for men. 
 Not men for them. It follows, then, 
 
 275 That men have right to every one, 
 And they no freedom of their own : 
 And therefore men have power to chuse. 
 But they no charter to refuse. 
 Hence 'tis apparent, that, what course 
 
 280 Soe'er we take to your amours, 
 Though by the indirectest way, 
 *Tis no injustice, nor foul play ; 
 And that you ought to take that course. 
 As we take you, for better or worse ; 
 
 285 And gratefully submit to those 
 
 T. 305, 306. Some precious gified' teachers, Uii 
 
 reverently reputed leachers.'] Sir Roger L'JLstrange (Key to Hu- 
 dibras) mentions Mr. Case as one ; and Mr. Butler, in his Post- 
 hamous Works, mentions Dr. Burgess and Hugh Peters : and 
 the writer of A Letter to the Earl of Pembroke, 1647, p. 9, 
 observes of Peters, " That it was offered to be publicly prored^ 
 that he got both mother and daughter with child." " I am glad 
 (says an anonymous person, Thorloe's State Papers, toI. iv. p, 
 
 784)
 
 IIUDIBRAS TO HIS LADY. 435 
 
 Who yoU) before another, chose. 
 
 For why should every savage beast 
 
 Exceed his great Lord's interest ? 
 
 Have freer power, than he, in grace 
 290 And nature, o'er the creature has ? 
 
 Because the laws he since has made, 
 
 Have cut off all the power he had ; 
 
 Retrenched the absolute dominion 
 
 That nature gave him over women ; 
 295 When all his power will not extend 
 
 One law of nature to suspend : 
 
 And but to oiFer to repeal 
 
 The smallest clause is to rebel. 
 
 This, if men rightly understood 
 300 Their privilege, they would make good j 
 
 And not> like sots, permit their wives 
 
 T* encroach on their prerogatives ; 
 
 For which sin they deserve to be 
 
 Kept, as they are, in slavery : 
 305 And this some precious gifted teachers, 
 
 Unreverently reputed leachers, 
 
 And disobey'd in making love, 
 
 Have vow'd to all the world to provc> 
 
 734) to hear, that Mr. Peters siiews his head again : it was re- 
 ported here (Amsterdam, May 5, 1655) that he was found with 
 a whore a bed, and that he grew mad, and said nothing but O 
 blood, O blood, that troubles me." See more, Committee-men 
 curried, by S. S. 1647, 2d part, actii. p. 6 ; A Quarrel between 
 Tower-hill and Tyburn, Collection of Loyal Songs, vol. li. No, 
 2, p. 3; History of Independency, part ii. p. 181, part iv. p, 
 15, &c. ; Dialogue between Mr. Guthry and Mr. Giffan, 1661, 
 
 Vol. II F f v, 349,
 
 AN HHieiCAL EPISTLE OF 
 And make ye suffer, as you ought, 
 
 310 For that uncharitable fault. 
 But I forget myself^ and rove 
 Beyond th' instnictions of my love. 
 Forgive me. Fair, and only blame 
 Th* extravagancy, of my flame, 
 
 315 Since 'tis too much at once to show 
 Excess of love and temper too. 
 All I have said that *s bad and true, 
 Was never meant to aim at you ; 
 Who have so sovereign a controul 
 
 320 O'er that poor slave of yours, my soul, 
 That, rather than to forfeit you, 
 Has ventur d loss of heaven too ; 
 Both with an equal power possessed. 
 To render all that serve you bless'd : 
 
 325 But none like him, who's destin'd either 
 To have or lose you, both together. 
 And if you'll but this fault release, 
 (For so it must be, since you please) 
 I'll pay down all that vow, and more, 
 
 330 Which you commanded, and I swore, 
 
 T. 349. Of all her sex most excellent.'] 
 
 *' O Dido, primrose of perfection." 
 
 Cotton's Virgil Travestie, b. i. See Don Quixote, vol. ii. chap. 
 iii. p. 4b. 
 
 . 361. Tlien guxc it to his faithful Squire."] The quaint super- 
 scription of this famous letter, and the solemn manner of the 
 Knight's delirering it, with directions to his Squire, is very di- 
 verting. It puts me in mind of the like solemnity in Don 
 Quixote, b. iii. chap. xi. p. 284, which if the reader pleases to 
 2 compare
 
 HUDIBRAS TO HIS LAPY. 4iS 
 
 And expiate upon my skin 
 
 Th' arrears in full of all my sin. 
 
 For *tis but just that I should pay 
 
 Th' accruing penance, for delay, i 
 
 1i35 Which shall be done, until it move 
 
 Your equal pity and your love. 
 The Knight perusing this Epistld^ 
 
 Bcliev'd h' had brought her to his whistle J 
 
 And read it like a jocund lover, 
 340 With great applause t' himself, twice oyer ; 
 
 Subscrib'd his name, but at a fit 
 
 And humble distance to his wit ; 
 
 And dated it with wond'rous art, 
 
 Giv'n from the bottom of his heart ; 
 345 Then seal'd it with his coat of love> 
 
 A smoking faggot, and above, 
 
 Upon a scroll I burn and weep, 
 
 And near it For her Ladyship, 
 
 Of all her sex most excellent, 
 350 These to her gentle hands present 
 
 Then gave it to his faithful Squire, 
 
 With lessons how t* observe and eye her 
 
 compare with the scene before him, it may add to his diversion J 
 and he will be pleased to find that our Knight exactly adheres 
 to the laws of knight-errantry. (Mr. B.) 
 
 V, 352. JVith lessons how V observe and eye her.'\ Don Quixot^ 
 when he sent his Squire Sancho to his mistress Dulcinea del To- 
 boso (see vol. iii. chap. x. p. 85,) gives him the following di- 
 rections : " Go then, auspicious youth, and have a care of being 
 daunted when thou approachest the beams of that refulgent sun 
 
 of beauty Observe and engrave in thy memory the manner 
 
 of this reception : mark whether her colour changes upon the 
 delivery of thv commission ; whether hr looks betray any emo- 
 
 F f 2 tioa
 
 # AN HEROICAL EPISTLE, &c. 
 
 She first consider'd which was better, 
 
 To send it back, or burn the letter. 
 355 But, guessing that it might import, 
 
 Though nothing else, at least her sport. 
 
 She open'd it, and read it out. 
 
 With many a smile, and leering flout ; 
 
 Resolv'd to answer it in kind, 
 360 And thus perform'd what she design'd. 
 
 tion or concern \f hen she hears my name. In short, observe all 
 her actions, every motion, every gesture; for, by the accurate 
 relation of these things, I shall divine the secrets of her breast, 
 and draw just inferences so far as this imports to my amour.'*
 
 THE 
 
 LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 TO 
 
 THE KNIGHT, 
 
 Ff$
 
 THE 
 
 LADY'S ANSWER, &c. 
 
 That you 're a beast, and turn'cl to grass, 
 Is no strange news, nor ever was. 
 At least to me, who once, you know. 
 Did from the pound replevin you, 
 5 When both your sword and spurs were won, 
 In combat, by an Amazon : 
 That sword, that did (like fate) determine 
 Th* inevitable death of vermin, 
 And never dealt its furious blows, 
 10 But cut the throats of pigs and cows, 
 By Trulla was, in single fight, 
 Disarm'd and wrested from its Knight ; 
 Your heels degraded of your spurs, 
 And in the stocks close prisoners, 
 
 V. 4. Did from the pound rephtin you.'] Replevin, the releas- 
 ing of cattle, or other goods distrained, with surety to answer 
 the distrainer's suit. See Jacob's Law Dictionary, and Bailey. 
 
 T. 13. Your heels degraded of your spv7's.^ To this the author 
 of Butler's Ghost refers, cant. i. p. 89. 
 
 F f 4 You
 
 440 THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 15 Where still they 'd lain, in base restraint, 
 If I, in pity of your complaint, 
 Had not, on honourable conditions, 
 Released 'em from the worst of prisons ; 
 And what return that favour met, 
 20 You cannot (though you would) forget: 
 When, being free, you strove t' evade 
 The oaths you had in prison made j 
 Forswore yourself, and first deny'd it. 
 But after own'd and justify 'd it : 
 25 And when y' had falsely broke one vow, 
 Absolv'd yourself, by breaking two. 
 For while you sncakingly submit, 
 And beg for pardon at our feet, 
 Discourag'd by your guilty fears, 
 80 To hope for quarter for your ears ; 
 And, doubting, 'twas in vain to sue ; 
 You claim us boldly as your due ; 
 Declare that treachery and force, 
 To deal with us, is th' only course j 
 35 We have no title nor pretence 
 To body, soul, or conscience : 
 
 ** You look as if y' had something in ye, 
 Much different from the quondam ninny, 
 That sat with hampcr'd foot i' th' stocks, 
 Dispersing his insipid jokes." 
 
 And perhaps, as Bertram observes of ParoUes the coward (see 
 Shakespeare's play, entitled " All's well that ends well," act 
 IT.) ** His hgels deserved it, for usurping his spurs so long." 
 
 In England, when a Knight was degraded, his gilt spurs 
 'were beaten from his heels, and his sword taken from him, and 
 broken. See Sir William Segar's book, Of Hquour Civil and 
 
 Military,
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 441 
 
 But ought to fall to that man's share 
 That claims us for his proper ware. 
 These are the motives which t' induce, 
 
 40 Or fright us into love, you use : 
 A pretty new way of gallanting, 
 Between soliciting and ranting ; 
 Like sturdy heggars, that entreat 
 For charity at once and threat. 
 
 45 But, since you undertake to prove 
 Your own propriety in love, 
 As if we were but lawful prizes 
 In war between two enemies ; 
 Or forfeitures, which every lover, 
 
 50 That would but sue for, might recover ; 
 It is not hard to understand 
 The mysf ry of this bold demand ; 
 That cannot at our persons aim, 
 But something capable of claim. 
 
 55 *Tis not those paltry counterfeit 
 
 French stones, which in our eyes you set, 
 But our right diamonds, that inspire 
 And set your am'rous hearts on fire : 
 
 Military, lib. ii. cap. xiii. p. 75. Sclden's Titles of Honour, 2d 
 edit. 2d part, chap. t. p. 787. 
 
 T. 43, 44. Like sturdy beggars, that entreat For charity at 
 once and threat.~\ It is observed of the beggars in Spain, that 
 they are very proud, and when they ask an alms, it is in a very 
 imperious and domineering way. See Lady's Travels into 
 Spain, part the last, p. 2^28. 
 
 V. 57. But our right diamonds, that inspire.'] The Tatler 
 seems in one instance to be of a different opinion (No. 151.) 
 
 " What
 
 Hi THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 Nor can those false St. Martin's beads 
 
 60 Which on our hps you lay for reds, 
 And make us wear like Indian dames. 
 Add fuel to your scorching flames ; 
 But those two rubies of the rock, 
 \Vhich in our cabinets we lock. 
 
 b5 *Tis not those orient pearls, our teeth. 
 That you are so transported with; 
 But those we wear about our necks, 
 Produce those amorous effects ; 
 Nor is 't those threads of gold, out hair, 
 
 70 The perriwigs you make us wear : 
 
 But those bright guineas in our chests, 
 That light the wild-fire in your breasts. 
 These love-tricks I 've been vers'd in so. 
 That all tl>eir sly intrigues I know, 
 
 75 And can unriddle by their tones, 
 Their mystic cabals and jargons : 
 Can tell what passions, by their sounds, 
 Jpine for the beauties of my grounds ; 
 What raptures fond and amorous 
 
 80 ()' th' charms and graces of my house : 
 
 <* What jewel (says he) can the charming Cleora place in her 
 ears tliat can please her beholders so much as her eyes .'The 
 cluster of diamonds upon her breast can add no beauty to the 
 faur chest of ivory that supports it. It may indeed tempt a man 
 ^ateala Moman, bat not to love her." 
 
 T. 61. j4nd make us wear like Indian dames, ^c."] Who wore 
 soncs hung at their lips. (Mr. W.) The Brasilians do so, as 
 T'laflcus afiirms, Pnrchas's Pilgrims, vol. v. b. ix. p. 906. See 
 Kuivct's Account, ibid. rol. It. p. 1225 ; and an account of the 
 
 several
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 445 
 
 What ecstasy, and scorching flame, 
 Burns for my money, in my name : 
 What, from th' unnatural desire 
 To beasts and cattle, takes its fire ; 
 
 85 What tender sigh, and trickling tear, 
 Longs for a thousand pounds a-year ; 
 And languishing transports are fond 
 Of statute, mortgage, bill, and bond. 
 
 These are th* attracts which most men fall 
 
 90 Enamour d, at first sight, withal ; 
 To these th* address with serenades. 
 And court with balls and masquerades ; ' 
 And yet, for all the yearning pain 
 Y' have suffefd for their loves, in vain, 
 
 95 I fear they *11 prove so nice and coy, 
 To have, and t' hold, and to enjoy ; 
 That, all your oaths and labour lost, 
 They '11 ne'er turn ladies of the post. 
 
 This is not meant to disapprove 
 100 Your judgment, in your choice of love, 
 Which is so wise, the greatest part 
 Of mankind study 't as an art ; 
 
 several nations that wear stones in their lips. Dr. Buhrer's Arti- 
 ficial Changeling, so. xi. 
 
 t. 65. Tw not those orient pearls, our teeth, &c.] In the His- 
 tory of Don Fenise, a romance, translated from the Spanish of 
 Francisco de Las Coveras, 1651, Don Antonio, speaking of his 
 mistress Charity, p. 269, says, " My covetousness, exceeding 
 my love, counselled me, that it was better to have gold in mo- 
 ney, than in threads of hair ; and to possess pearls that resem- 
 bled teethj than teeth that were like pearls." 
 
 T. 103.
 
 444 THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 For love should, like a deodand, 
 
 Still fall to th' owner of the land : 
 J 05 And, where there 's substance for its ground. 
 
 Cannot but be more firm and sound 
 
 Than that which has the slighter basis 
 
 Of airy virtue, wit, and graces; 
 
 Which is of such thin subtlety, 
 1 10 It steals and creeps in at the eye, 
 
 And, as it can't endure to stay, 
 
 Steals out again, as nice a way. 
 But love, that its extraction owns 
 
 From solid gold, and precious stones, 
 115 Must, like its shining parents, prove 
 
 As solid and as glorious love. 
 
 Hence 'tis, you have no way t' express 
 
 T. 103. Like a deodand.'] A thing given, or rather for- 
 feited to God, for the pacification of his wrath in case of misad- 
 Tentjre. See Manley's Interpreter; Jacob's Law Dictionary ; 
 Wood's Institute of the Common Law of England, p. 212, 213. 
 
 r. 123, 124. This is fhexr ay all parents prove J In managing 
 their children's love.'} The author of the Devil upon Two Sticks 
 gives an instance of this, in the case of a delicate young lady, 
 whom her prudent parents prostituted to the embraces of an old 
 brute. " The beastly sot (says he) was rival to one of a very 
 agrerable character ; their fortunes were equal ; but, I dare say, 
 you'll laugh at the merit which preferred this worthy to the 
 choice of the mother. You must know he had a pigeon-house 
 upon his estate, which the other had not: this turned the ba- 
 lance in his favour, and determined the fate of that unfortunate 
 lady." See Tatler, No. 185, 188; Spectator, No. 15, 181. 
 
 T. 127. Cast earth to earth, as in the grave.'] Alluding to the 
 burial office, which was scandalously ridiculed in those times, 
 Qne Brook, a London lecturer, at the burial of Mr. John 
 
 Gough,
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 4i5 
 
 Oar charms and graces, but by these ; 
 For what are hps, and eyes, and teeth, 
 
 120 Which beauty invades and conquers with'/" 
 But rubies, pearls, and diamonds, 
 With which a philter love commands. 
 
 This is the way all parents prove, 
 In managing their children's love ; 
 
 125 That force 'em t' intermarry and wed, 
 As if th' were bur'ing of the dead ; 
 Cast earth to earth, as in the grave, 
 To join in wedlock all they have ; 
 And, when the settlement *s in force, 
 
 130 Take all the rest, for better or worse : 
 For money has a power above 
 The stars, and fate, to manage love ; 
 
 Gough, of St. James's, Duke's Place, %vithin Aldgate, London, 
 used the following words : 
 
 *' Ashes to ashes, dust to dust ; 
 Here's the pit, and in thou must." 
 
 Mercurins Rusticus, No. 9, p. 97. 
 Mr. Cheynel behaved as remarkably at the funeral of Mr. 
 Chiliingworth. After a reflecting speech upon the deceased, he 
 threw his book, entitled, The Religion of Protestants, a safe 
 way to Salvation, into the grave, saying, '* Get thee gone, thou 
 cursed book, which has seduced so many precious souls : earth 
 to earth, dust to dust : Get thee into the place of rottenness^ 
 that thou may'st rot with the author, and see corruption." Mr. 
 Neale's History of the Puritans, vol. iii, p. 102, from Chilling- 
 worth's Life, p. 314. 
 
 V. 131, 132. For money has a poxcer above The stars, ad 
 fate, to manage love.^ See Butler's Ghost, cant, i, p. 61. flow 
 small a matter will sometimes preponderate in this case appear.^ 
 from the Spectator, No. 15, who mentions a young lady wlio 
 was warmly solicited by a couple of importunate rivals, who, 
 for many months together, did all they could to recommend 
 
 themselve:?
 
 44S THE LADY'S ANSWF.R 
 
 Whose arrows, learned poets hold, 
 That never miss, are tipp*d with gold. 
 
 1 35 And, though some say, the parents claims 
 To make love in their children's names, 
 Who, many times, at once provide 
 The nurse, the hushand, and the bride, 
 Feel darts and charms, attracts and flames, 
 
 140 And woo and contract in their names ; 
 And, as they christen, use to marry *em, 
 And, like their gossips, answer for *em : 
 Is not to give in matrimony, 
 But sell and prostitute for money. 
 
 145 *Tis better than their own betrothing, 
 Who often do 't for worse than nothing : 
 And, when they 're at their own dispose, 
 AVith greater disadvantage chuse. 
 All this is right ; but, for the course 
 
 150 You take to do 't, by fraud, or force, 
 'Tis so ridiculous, as soon 
 As told, 'tis never to be done, 
 No more than setters can betray, 
 That tell what tricks they are to play. 
 
 155 Marriage at best is but a vow, 
 
 Which all men either break, or bow : 
 
 (licinselres by complacency of behaviour and agrecablencss of 
 convfrsation. At length, when the competition was doubtful, 
 and the lady undetermined in her choice, one of the young lovers 
 luckily bethought himself of adding a supernumerary lace to his 
 liveries, which had so good an effect, that he married her the 
 very week after. 
 
 . 133.
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. . 447 
 
 Then what will those forbear to do, 
 Wlio perjure, when they do but woo ? 
 Such as beforehand swear and lye, 
 
 160 For earnest to their treacheiy ; 
 And, rather than a crime confess. 
 With greater strive to make it less-: 
 Like thieves, who after sentence past, 
 Maintain their innocence to tl>e last ; 
 
 l6S And when their crimes were made appear, 
 As plain as witnesses can swear, 
 Yet, when the wretches come to die, 
 Will take upon their death a lye. 
 Nor are the virtues, you confess'd 
 
 170 T' your ghostly father, as you guess'cl. 
 So slight as to be justified, 
 By being as shamefully deny'd. 
 As if you thought your word would pass, 
 Point-blank on both sides of a case ; 
 
 175 Or credit were not to be lost, 
 
 B' a brave knight-errant of the post, 
 That eats, perfidiously, his word. 
 And swears his ears, thro* a two-inch board ; 
 Can own the same thing, and disown, 
 
 180 And perjure booty, pro and coui 
 
 T. 1 33. Whose nrrmcs learned poets hold, &c.] * The poets feign 
 Cupid to hare two sorts of arrows, the one tipped with gold and 
 the other with lead ; t\\(i golden always inspire and inflame love 
 in the person he wounds with them ; but, on the contrary, the 
 leaden create the utmost aversion and hatred. AVith the first of 
 fhese he shot Apollo, and with the other Daphne, according to 
 Ovid. 
 
 T. 183.
 
 4S THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 Can make the Gospel sei-ve his turn, 
 And help him out, to be forsworn ; 
 When 'tis laid hands upon, and kiss'd, 
 To be betray'd and sold, like Christ 
 
 185 These are the virtues, in whose name, 
 A right to all the world you claim. 
 And boldly challenge a dominion, 
 In grace and nature, o'er all women : 
 Of whom no less will satisfy, 
 
 190 Than all the sex, your tyranny. 
 
 Although you'll find it a hard province, 
 With all your crafty frauds and covins, 
 To govern such a num'rous crew. 
 Who, one by one, now govern you : 
 
 195 For if you all were Solomons, 
 
 And wise and great as he was once, 
 You'll find they're able to subdue, 
 (As they did him) and baffle you. 
 And, if you are impos'd upon, 
 
 200 'Tis by your own temptation done. 
 That with your ignorance invite. 
 And teach us how to use the slight. 
 For when we find y' are still more taken 
 
 T. 1 83. fVhcn ''tis laid hands upon^ and AwsV.] The way of tak- 
 ing an oath is by laying the right hand upon the four evangelists 
 which denominates it a corporal oath. This method was not al- 
 ways complied with in those iniquitous times. 
 
 In the trial of Mr. Christopher Love, in the year 1651, one 
 Jaquel, an evidence, laid his hand upon his buttons, and not upoii 
 the book, when the oath was tendered him ; and, when he was 
 questioned for it, -he answered, I am as good as under ah oath. 
 (Abridgement of the State Trials, vol. i. part ii. octavo, 1720, 
 
 p. 602.)
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. - 44fi 
 
 With false attracts of our own making, 
 
 205 Swear that's a rose, and that a stone, 
 Like sots, to us that laid it on ; 
 And what we did but slightly prirne, 
 Most ignorantly daub in rhyme ; 
 You force us, in our own defences, 
 
 210 To copy beams and influences ; 
 To lay perfections on the graces, 
 And draw attracts upon our faces ; 
 And, in compliance to your wit, 
 Your own false jewels counterfeit. 
 
 215 For, by the practice of those arts, 
 We gain a greater share of hearts ; 
 And those deserve in reason most, 
 That greatest pains and study cost : 
 For great perfections are, like heav'n, 
 
 220 Too rich a present to be given. 
 
 Nor are those master-strokes of beauty 
 To be perform *d without hard duty ; 
 Which, when they 're nobly done, and well, 
 The simple natural excell. 
 
 225 How fair and sweet the planted rose 
 Beyond the wild in hedges grows ! 
 
 p. 602.) And in the trial of the brave Colonel Morricc, (who 
 kept Pontefract Castle for the King,) at York, by Thorp and 
 Puleston, when he challenged one Brook, his professed enemy, 
 the Court answered, he spoke too late, Brook was sworn al- 
 ready. Brook being asked the question, whether he were 
 sworn or no> replied, he had not yet kissed the book The 
 Court answered, that was no matter, it was but a ceremony, he 
 was recorded sworn, and there was no speaking against a record. 
 Walker's History of Independency, part ii. p. 250. 
 
 Vol. If. Qg r. 277,
 
 450 THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 For, without art the noblest seeds 
 
 Of flow'rs degenerate into weeds. 
 
 How dull and rugged, ere 'tis ground 
 330 And polish'd, looks a diamond ? 
 
 Though Paradise were e'er so fair, 
 
 It was not kept so, without care. 
 
 The whole world, without art and dress, 
 
 Would be but one great wilderness ; 
 235 And mankind but a savage herd, 
 
 For all that nature has conferred. 
 
 This does but rough-hew and design, 
 
 Leaves art to polish and refine, 
 
 Though women first were made for men, 
 240 Yet men were made for them again : 
 
 For wheo (out-witted by hi* wife) 
 
 Man first turn'd tenant but for life, 
 
 If women had not interven'd, 
 
 'How soon had mankind had an end ! 
 245 And that it is in being yet, 
 
 To us alone you are in debt, 
 
 And where's your liberty of choice, 
 
 And our unnatural no-voice ? 
 
 Since all the privilege you boast, 
 350 And falsely usurp'd, or vainly lost. 
 
 Is now our right, to whose creation 
 
 You owe your happy restoration. 
 
 . 277. WkUe, like the mighfif PresttrJohn, &c.] *Prester John, 
 an absolute prince, Emperor of Abyssinia or Ethiopia. One of 
 4hcm is reported to have had serenty kings for his vassals, and so 
 superb and arrogant, that none durst look upon him without 
 his permission. See Browne's Vulgar Errors, book Ti. phap. x. 
 
 p. 363.
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 451 
 
 And if we had not weighty cause 
 To not appear in making laws, 
 ^55 We could, in spite of all your tricks, 
 And shallow formal politics, 
 Force you our managements t' obe}^. 
 As we to yours (in shew) give way. 
 Hence 'tis, that while you vainly strive 
 260 T* advance your high prerogative. 
 You basely, after all your braves, 
 Submit, and own yourselves our slaves 
 And 'cause we do not make it known, 
 Nor publicly our int' rests own ; 
 265 Like sots, suppose we have no shares 
 In ordering you and your affairs: 
 When all your empire and command 
 You have from us, at second-hand : 
 As if a pilot that appears 
 270 To sit still only while he steers. 
 And docs not make a noise and stir, 
 Like every common mariner. 
 Knew nothing of the card, nor star, 
 And did not guide the man of war ; 
 f275 Nor we, because we don't appear 
 In councils, do not govern there : 
 While, like the mighty Prester John, 
 Whose person none dares look upoq, 
 
 p. 333. Sec the various interpretations of his name, Ludolfi 
 Histor. iEthiopic, lib. ii. cap. i. sec. xiii. id. ib. sec. xxiii. Sir 
 John Mandeville's Voyages and Travels, edit, 1727, chap, 
 xxvii. xxviii. xxix. Spanish Mandcville, 2d book, folio 55, 56, 
 57 ; The Voyage and Adventures of Hernando Mendcz Pinto, 
 
 G g 2 chap,
 
 452 THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 But is preserv'd in close disguise, 
 
 280 From being made cheap to vulgar eyes, 
 W enjoy as large a power unseen, 
 To govern him, as he does men: 
 
 chap. iii. p. 5. Purdias's Pilgrims, part ii. lib. vii. chap, r, 
 p. 1127; J. Taylor's Works, p. 106; Heylin's Cosmography, 
 1670, p. 986 ; Collier's Dictionary. 
 
 *' But, if his purpose do not vary, 
 He means to fetch one more vagary, 
 To see before his coming back. 
 The mighty bounds of Prester Jack." 
 
 Mr. W. A^ustin's Panegyric Verses upon f . Coryat, and his Cru. 
 
 dities ; see likewise J. Donne's. 
 
 V. 278, 279,280. Whose person none dares look upon, But is 
 preserved in close disguise, From being wade cheap to vulgar eyes.^ 
 Sir Francis Alvarez, a Portugal priest, in his voyage to the 
 court of Prete Jatini (see Purchas's Pilgrim'i>, part ii. p. 1082), 
 observes, *' That he commonly shcweth himself thrice a-year, 
 on Christmas-day, on Easter-day, and on Holy rood-day, in 
 September. And the cause why he thussheweth himseli thrice, 
 is because his grandfather, whose name was Alexander, was 
 kept three yoar.s secret alter his doadi by his servants, who go- 
 verned the country all the mean while ; for, until that time, 
 none ol the people nii;iht .see their king, n.'ither was he seen of 
 any but a few of his servants. And, at the request of the peo- 
 ple, the lather of David, one of their Emperors, shewed Iiimself 
 three da) s, and this King also doth the like. See Le Blanc's 
 Voyages and Travels, part ii, chap. xi. p. 227. 
 
 T. 283,284. Jnd in the right (tf our Pope Joan, Make empe- 
 rors at our feet fall doicn .] This is a notable gird upon Pope 
 Alexander III. who had a meeting with the Emperor Frederic 
 Barbarossa, at Venice (Sir VV, Segar says, in the year 1166, Sir 
 Paul Kicaut. in the year 1177) ; the following account of which 
 is given by Sir W. Segar (Of Honour Military and Civil, chap, 
 xxvii. p. 152): " The J'lmperor being arrived at Venice, the 
 Pope was set in a rich chair at the church door. Before the 
 Pope's iect a carpet of purple was spread upon the ground; 
 the Emperor being come to the said carpet, forthwith fell down 
 jind from thence, (upon his knees) went towards the Pope to 
 kiss his feet ; which done, the Pope with his hand lifted him up. 
 
 <' From thcuce tliey passed together unto the great altar, in 
 
 St.
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 433 
 
 And, in the right of our Pope Joan, 
 Make emp'rors at our feet fall down ; 
 285 Or Joan de Pucel's braver name 
 
 Our right to arms and conduct claim ; 
 
 St. Mark's church, Avhereon was set the table of precious stones, 
 which at this day is reputed one of the greatest treasures in Eu- 
 rope. Some have reported that the ICmperor did prostrate him- 
 self before the altar, and the Pope set his foot on his neck : 
 While this was a doing, the Clergy sung the Psalm of David, 
 which saith. Super aspidera et basiliscum ambulabis ; which 
 the Emperor hearing, said, Non tibi, sed Petro : The Pope an- 
 swered, Et mihi et Petro." See Sir Paul Ricaut's History of 
 the Popes, p. 246 ; Mr. L. Howel's History of the Pontifi- 
 cate, p. 341 ; Wolfii Lexicon, Memorab. par. i. p. 375. par. ii. 
 p. 425 ; Fougasse's History of Venice, by Shute, part i. 
 p. 109 ; Misson's Voyage, vol. i. p. 173, 177. See an account 
 of Pope Hiklebrand's excommunication, and barbarous usage 
 of the Emperor Henry IV. in Platina and Genebrard, Chronic, 
 ann. 1073. 
 
 V. 285. Or Joan de Pucel's braver riame.'} *Joan of Arc, called 
 also the Pucelle, or maid of Orleans. She was born at the town 
 of Damremi, on the Meusc, daughter of James d'Arc and Isa- 
 bella Romee, was bred up a shepherdess in the country. At 
 the age of eighteen or twenty, she pretended to an express com. 
 mission from God, to go to the relief of Orleans, then besieged 
 by the English, and defended by John Comte de Dennis, and 
 almost reduced to the last extremity. She went to the corona- 
 tion of Charles VII. when he was almost ruined. She knew 
 that prince in the midst of his nobles, though meanly habited. 
 The doctors of divinity and members of parliament, openly de- 
 clared that there was something supernatural in her conduct. 
 She sent for a sword that lay in the tomb of a knight, which was 
 behind the great altar of the church of St. Catherine de For- 
 bois, upon the blade of which the cross and iieur de lis were 
 engraven, which put the King in a very great surprise, in regard 
 none besides himself knew of it : upon this he sent her with the 
 command of some troops, with which she relioved Orleans, and 
 drove the English from it, defeated Talbot at the battle of Pattai, 
 and recovered Champagne. At last she was i.n'ortunately taken 
 prisoner, in a sally at Champagne, in 1430, and tried far a 
 witch or sorceress^ condemned, and burnt in ilouea majrket- 
 place, in Mav 1430. 
 
 Ggp Mr.
 
 454 THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 Who, though a spinster, yet was able 
 To serve France for a grand constable. 
 We make and execute all laws, 
 
 290 Can judge the judges and the cause ; 
 Prescribe all rules of right or wrong 
 To th' long robe and the longer tongue ; 
 'Gainst which the world has no defence, 
 But our more powerful eloquence. 
 
 295 We manage things of greatest weight, 
 in all the world's affairs of state ; 
 Are ministers of war and peace, 
 That sway all nations how we please. 
 We rule all churches, and their flocks, 
 
 300 Heretical and orthodox, 
 
 And are the heavenly vehicles 
 O* tlr spirits in all conventicles ; 
 By us is all commerce and trade 
 Improv'd, and manag'd, and decay*d ; 
 
 305 For nothing can go off so well. 
 
 Nor bears that price, as what we sell. 
 
 Mr. Anstis observes, (Register of the Garter, vol. i. p. 433), 
 *f That Joan, the Maid of Orleans, for her valiant actions, was 
 ennobled, and had a grant of arms, dated Jan. 16, 1429, and 
 her pursuivant named Hear de Liz." 
 
 See a further account of her, Mezeray's History of France, 
 translated by Bulteci, toI. i. p. 453. 
 
 Y. 288. To srrve France for a Grand Cunstable.'] All this is a 
 satire on King Charles II. who was governed so much by his mis- 
 trcsMcs : particularly this line seems to allude to his French rais- 
 trsi, the Duchess of Portsmouth, given by that Court, whom 
 she served in the important post of governing King Charles as 
 they directed. (Mr. W.) Sec Mr. Fentoa's Observations upon 
 iMr. Waller'* Poems, p. 78. 79. 
 
 J, DaTies,
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 455 
 
 We rule in every public meeting, 
 
 And make men do what we judge fitting; 
 
 Are Magistrates in all great towns, 
 310 Where men do nothing but wear gowns* 
 
 We make the man of war strike sail, 
 
 And to our braver conduct veil, 
 
 And, when h* has chas'd his enemies, 
 
 Submit to us upon his knees. 
 315 Is there an officer of state, 
 
 Untimely rais*d, or magistrate, 
 
 That's haughty and imperious ? 
 
 He's but a journeyman to us ; 
 
 That, as he gives us cause to do *t, 
 320 Can keep him in, or turn him out. 
 
 We are your guardians that increase 
 
 Or waste your fortunes how wc please ; 
 
 And, as you humour us, can deal, 
 
 In all your matters, ill or welL 
 325 *Tis we that can dispose alone, 
 
 Whether your hehs shall be your own. 
 
 J. Davies, in his relation af Achen, observes, that the women 
 there are the King's Chief Counsellors ; and that a woman was 
 his Admiral. See Purchas's Pilgrims, part i. lib. iii. c. i. t. 
 p. 122. 
 
 V. 290. Can judge the judges and the cause.^ 
 
 '' Make rev'rend judges speak with awe, 
 And a bad title good in law." 
 
 Hudibras's Ghost, canto ii. p. 62. 
 
 V. 311, 312. fVe make the man of war strike sail, And to rmr 
 braver conduct veil. ] Alluding probabij to Sir Willifua Waller. 
 See Mr. Cleveland^a Character of a London Diurnal. 
 
 Gg4 y. 331.
 
 4li THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 To whose integrity you must, 
 
 In spite of all your caution, trust ; 
 
 And, 'less you fly beyond the seas, 
 330 Can fit you with what heirs we please ; 
 
 And force you t' own 'em, though begotten 
 
 By French valets, or Irish footmen. 
 
 Nor can the rigorousest course 
 
 Prevail, unless to make us worse ; 
 335 Who still, the harsher we are us'd, 
 
 Are further off from being reduc'd ; 
 
 And scorn t' abate for any ills. 
 
 The least punctilios of our wills. 
 
 Force does but whet our wits t* apply 
 340 Arts, born with us, for remedy ; 
 
 Which all your politics, as yet, 
 
 Have ne'er been able to defeat : 
 
 For, wlien y' have tried all sorts of ways. 
 
 What fools, d' we make of you in plays ? 
 34.5 While all the favours we afford, 
 
 Are but to girt you with a sword, 
 
 To fight our battles in our steads. 
 
 And have your brains beat out o' your heads ; 
 
 Encounter in despite of nature, 
 350 And fight, at once with fire and water. 
 
 With pirates, rocks, and storms, and seas, 
 
 V. 331,332. J nd force you V oxen 'em, though begotten Bif 
 French valets, or Irish fuotmen.'] See Tatler, No. 100. 
 
 T. 353, 354- Killne another, and cut throats, For our good 
 gracgg and best thoughts.'] Of tkis Jkind were the commands from 
 
 Bisalta
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 457 
 
 Our pride and vanity t' appease ; 
 
 Kill one another, and cut throats, r.^ 
 
 For our good graces and best thoughts ; 
 365 To do your ex*^rcise for honour, 
 
 And have your brains beat out the sooner ; 
 
 Or crack'd, as learnedly, upon 
 
 Things that are never to be known: 
 
 And still appear the more industrious, 
 360 The more your projects are preposterous : 
 
 To square the circle of the arts, 
 
 And run stark mad to shew your parts ; 
 
 Expound the oracle of laws. 
 
 And turn them which way we see cause; 
 S65 Be our solicitors and agents, 
 
 And stand for us in all engagements. 
 And these are all the mighty powers 
 
 You vainly boast, to cry down ours ; 
 
 And what in real value's wanting 
 370 Supply with vapouring and ranting, 
 
 Because yourselves aje terrify'd. 
 
 And stoop to one another's pride ; 
 
 Believe we have as little wit 
 
 To be out-hector*d and submit ; 
 37^ By your example lose that right 
 
 In treaties, which we gained in fight; 
 
 Blsalta and Plppea to their lovers Faroriniis and Hortensius. 
 See Dr. Bailey's Romance, Avrittcn in Newgate, and published 
 1650. in folio, with this title, Herba Parieti?, or the Wall- 
 Flowcr, p. 124, &c. 
 
 V. 378.
 
 45S THE LADY'S ANSWER 
 
 And terrify *cl into an awe, 
 Pass on ourselves a Salic law : 
 
 . 378. Pass on ourselves a Salic Ixfw.'] Pharamond, the first 
 King of France, died about the year 428. An ancient chronicle 
 gives him the credit of settling the Salic law by four lords, and 
 Bays, they laboured in it for three malles or assizes : and that it 
 is called Salic, from theSaliens, the noblest of the French people. 
 Mezeray's History of France, translated by Bultccl, 1683, p. 7. 
 Deserre's History of France, by Peter Matthew, 1624, p. 5, 6 ; 
 Spehnanni Glossar. LcxSalica, p. 363 ; Moll's Geography, p. 63. 
 Davila's History of the Civil Wars of France, book i. p. 3,4. 
 
 Nauclcms (vid. Chronograph. toI. ii. p. 523) thinks it was 
 called Lex Salica, from Salagustus, one of the doctors that drew 
 it up. Sec Whetstone's English Mirrour, 1586, lib, ii. chap. 8. 
 p. 137. Dr. Heylin says, (Cosmography, 5th edit. p. 177), it 
 was so called, as is pretended, because the words Si aliqua are 
 so often used in it. 
 
 Others call its antiquity in question, and think it was four 
 hundred years later than Pharamond, and made by Charles the 
 Great, against the German women inheriting lands in their small 
 domains, between the Sala and the Elbe ; and if so, it had no 
 signification to the French. See Echard's History of England, 
 vol. i. p. 437, 438. 
 
 But, whether the claim is in Pharamond or Charles the Great, 
 if we may credit Dr. Howel (.see his Institution of General His- 
 tory, part iii. p. 465,) the first time that it was put in execution 
 was after the death of Lewis X. or Lewis Hutin, the forty-sixth 
 King of France, who died the 5th day of June, 1316 (see 
 Translation of Mezoray, p. 344, 345), and left his Queen Cle- 
 mentia great with child of a son, called John, who died the 
 eighth day after he was born. He left a daughter, also named 
 Joanna, begotten of Margaret, daughter of Robert Duke of 
 Burgundy, for whom her uncle Odo, brother of this Robert, 
 challenged this kingdom, in right both of her father and brother : 
 but Philip, sirnamcd the Long, brought her uncle Odo over io 
 his interest, by marrying to him his own daughter Joanna. 
 At this time, and in this case, was this law first objefted, almost 
 nine whole ages after it was first enacted. Edward III, King 
 of England, not long after this, namely, in the year 1328 (see 
 Echard's History of England, toI. i. p. 342), claimed the Crown 
 ef France, in right of his mother Isabella, daughter of Philip IV. 
 sirnamcd Philip the Fair. See Selden's Notes upon Drayton's 
 Polyoibion, 17th song, p. 275. Stow's Chronicle, by Howes, 
 p. 691 ; Pufiendorf's Introduction to the History of Europe, 
 6th edit p. 113. 
 
 It
 
 TO THE KNIGHT. 4^^ 
 
 Or, as some nations use, give place, 
 380 And truckle to your mighty race, 
 
 *^ It was not so when Edward prov'd his cause, 
 By a sword stronger than the Salic laws, 
 Though fetch'd from Pharainond, when the French didflglit 
 With women's hearts, against the women's right." 
 
 A Poem on the Civil War, by Mr. Abr. Cowley, p. 3. 
 
 Henry V. was advised by Archbishop Chicheley to lay claim to 
 his right in that kingdom, which descended to him from King; 
 Edward III. See Echard's History of England, vol. i. p. 437, 
 438 ; Shakespeare's King Henry V. vol. iv. p. 9, 10. Montaigne 
 observes (Essays, vol. ii. chap. viii. p. 103), that this law was 
 never seen by any one. 
 
 See more, Brady's Complete History of England, p. 60 ; Puf- 
 fendorf's Introdu6tion to the History of Europe, p. 118, 119 ; 
 Critical Essays on Nobility, 1720, p. 478 ; and the tracts in 
 French upon this subject, Droit Public du Fiance, No. 9244, 
 45, 46, 47, 48 ; Catalog. Bibliothec. Harleian, vol. ii. p. 557. 
 
 The Lysians (according to Herodotus, Clio, p. 79, edit. Hen. 
 Stephan. 1592) had a custom peculiar to themselves, and the re 
 verse of this. For, amongst them, the relation by the mother's 
 side was esteemed more honourable than that by the father ; and 
 for that reason the children took the mother's name. 
 
 V. 379, 380. Or, as some nations use, give place, And truckle 
 to your mighty race.] The Spanish ladies do so. See Lady's 
 Travels into Spain, part iii. letter 12, p. 230. But he alludes 
 probably to the Muscovite women, who are far more obsequious 
 in this respect than they should be. For Mr. Purchas observes 
 (Pilgrims, part iii. lib. ii. chap. i. iii. p. 230), " That, if there 
 the woman is not beaten once a week, she will not be good ; and 
 therefore they look for it weekly ; and the women say, if their 
 husbands did not beat them, they should not love them." 
 
 *' Est Moscoviae quidani Aleraannus, fabcr ferrarius, cogno- 
 mento Jordauus, qui duxerat uxorem llhutenam ; ea cum apud 
 maritum aliquandiu esset, hunc ex occasionc quadam amice sic 
 alloquitur : Cur me conjux charissime non amas ? Respondet 
 maritus, ego vero te veheraenter amo : quasrebat igitur maritus 
 qualia signa vcllet ? Cui uxor, nunquam, ait, me verberasti." 
 Rer. Moscoviticar. Comment. Sigismundi, &c. 1600, Ratio con- 
 trahendi Matrimonium, p. 35. 
 
 We see, after all (says Mr. Byron), that the widow is too cun- 
 ning to be entrapped, either by the threats or intreaties in tha 
 Knight's letter. She gives him no hopes of a peaceable com- 
 pliaace with his demands, nor any handle for a forced ooe, either
 
 40 THE LADY'S ANSWER, Sec. 
 
 Let men usurp th* unjust dominion, 
 As if they were the better women. 
 
 in Taw or equity. Her satire is just, and so appositely levelled 
 at the most sensible part of his passion, that all his pretensions 
 to it are ridiculed and orerthrowni All his hypocritical schemes 
 and pretences being thns disappointed, we may conjecture that 
 it wrought in his stubborn mind a conviction that they were vain, 
 empty, and unavailable ; and, accordingly, we find that he now 
 puts an end to a three years fruitless amour, for we hear no- 
 thing of him afterwards. 
 
 ^i4- au. 
 
 INDEX
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 SECOND VOLUME. 
 A. 
 
 A Page. Line. 
 BSTINENCE from eating, remarkable instances 
 
 of,(note) 386 355 
 
 Achen, women of, the King's chief counsellors, n. 435 288 
 
 a woman his admiral, n ib. ib. 
 
 Adair, Archibald, Bishop of KillaJa, deprived for 
 
 favouring the Scotch CovenauterSj n 373 145 
 
 Affidavit. See affidavit. Hand 
 
 Agitators, who, n 255 272 
 
 Aglonice imposed upon the Thessalian women, by 
 
 foretelling an eclipse, n 57 5Q9 
 
 Agrippa, Cornelius, an account of him, and his 62, 63 635 
 
 dog, n '. 644 
 
 Alchoran, the compilers of it, n 318 1101 
 
 Alectryon, his story, n 223 1553 
 
 Alexander III. Pope, an account of his haughty 
 
 usage of the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa, n. . . 452 283 
 
 Aligators, n 317 1074 
 
 Alimony, what, n 201 1188 
 
 Ib. 431 252 
 
 Amazons, an account of them, n 178 819 
 
 Amurath III. Emperor of the Turks, his remark- 
 able fate, n 101 1120 
 
 Anaxagoras, his opinion concerning the sun, n. .. 70 737 
 Anaxarchus, reported to have been pounded in a 
 
 mortar, n Ill 35 
 
 Anchorets, n 186 935 
 
 Anointers, a sect in those times, n. . 317 1056 
 
 Antipathy, a wonderful one, n 28 4 629 
 
 Ape, a divining one, at the Great ^logul's Court, n. 101 1116 
 
 , Apocrypha, the enmity of the Presbyterians to it, n. 284 629 
 
 Apollonius Tyanaeus, n ,. 64 656 
 
 Apparitions, vanish at the cock's crowing, u 222 1553 
 
 Armida, her story, n : 389 383 
 
 Arrows, Cupid's, ft \ 447 133 
 
 Aruspicy, n 4 29 
 
 Aspect,
 
 462 INDEX. 
 
 Pa^e. Line. 
 
 Aspect, trine, and qtitrtile, what, b , , 86 939 
 
 Ass, tried for drinking up the moon, and ripped 
 
 up, n 58 599 
 
 Assctnbly of divines, a specimen of ihcir curious 
 
 notes upon the bibJe, n 30.1 853 
 
 Astrologers, their feint, 3 1 
 
 frequi-ntly blind in their ovm concerns, n. 98 1075 
 
 Astrology, its uncertainty demonstrated, by He- 55 582 
 
 min^a, and others, n. 584 
 
 Athenagorus, a remarkable account of him, n. . . . 315 1029 
 
 Arerrhoes, an enemy to astrology and astrologers, B. 67 679 
 
 Aagurj. Soe Aruspicy 
 
 B. 
 
 Baboon, pTaycd at chess, n 101 lll6f 
 
 Bacon, Friar, n 22 221 
 
 Bakers, the ancient way of punishing them for false 
 
 weights, n 403 609 
 
 Baldisti, a chemist, a remarkable account of him, n. 356 1619 
 
 'Barnacles, turn Soland geese, n. ... ^ 288 655 
 
 Barratry, what, n. .^. -408 695 
 
 Bavin, what, n , 351 1547 
 
 Beard, stroking of it, to win favour, n. .., 131 162 
 
 Boars, have short tails, with the reason why, n. . , 84 900 
 
 Bees, the manner of repairing them, n 230 1 . 2 
 
 lose their lives, with their stings, n 354 1591 
 
 Beggar's prayer, for a lawyer, n 416 782 
 
 Beggars in Spain, sturdy ones, n 44 1 43 
 
 Bclfrey Tom, fam'd for the loudness of his voice, n. 136 252 
 
 Bird of Paradise, Ti. 43 416 
 
 Biroche, the puppet. player, his story, n 402 599 
 
 Bishops, wickedly insulted by the mob, n 279 544 
 
 Blank, instrununts, sneered, n 37 327 
 
 Blood, transfusion of it, many remarkable instances 
 
 of, n 113 59 
 
 Bodin, Monsieur, n 83 891 
 
 Boiarens, of Novgorod, the manner of punishing 
 
 their rebellions slaves, n 139 301 
 
 Bongey, a Franciscan, and reputed conjurer, n, .. 411 742 
 
 Bongey, Mother, great witch of Rochester, n. 412 ib. 
 
 Booker, the astrologer, an account of him, n. ip 179 
 
 n. 40 359 
 
 Botan, King of, in high esteem with his subjects, n. 312 1005 
 Brandon, Gregory, the execntioncr, obtains a coat 
 
 of arms by trick, n , 348 1534 
 
 ^ Brasilians,
 
 INDEX. 463 
 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Brasilians, men lie in, instead of tlieir wives, n. 17 1 707 
 
 Braying in a mortar, a punishment in Turkey, n. Ill 35 
 
 Breaking gold, esteemed a marriage-contract, u 39O 401 
 
 Brentford, lludibras's ill usage there, n 92 99^ 
 
 Brereton, Sir William, a great eater, n 388 30'9 
 
 Brook, Mr. a London lecturer, his scandalous 
 
 abuse of the burial office, n. 4-l'4 127 
 
 Brotherhood, holy, n 210 1342 
 
 Buckold, John, called John of Leydeu, and mock 
 
 king of Mun^tcr, his story, n. 251 245 
 
 Bull-feasts in Spain, some account of them, n 127 93 
 
 Byficld, Adoniram, who, a 286' 6^0 
 
 C. 
 
 Cabal, n 309 945 
 
 Cacodaemon. See Agrippa's dog. 
 
 Caesar, Julius, the prodigies preceding his death, n. 68 697 
 
 Calamy, Mr Edmund, an account of him, n 286' 636 
 
 Caldes'd, what, n 95 1010 
 
 Caliban, what, n 137 282 
 
 Caligula, some account of him, n 120 15 
 
 a sneer upon his British expedition, n. . . 387 359 
 
 Caraelion state, what, n 268 370 
 
 Camera Obscura, what, n 142 331 
 
 Camisade, what, n 258 297 
 
 Cant, whence derived, n 297 765 
 
 Cardan, his whimsical opinion concerning the tail 
 
 of the bear, n 83 895 
 
 lost his life, to save the credit of his predic- 
 tion, n 84 895 
 
 Carroche, what, n. 376' 211 
 
 Carvajal, Peter and John, their story, n 133 209 
 
 Carrilius, the first that brought an action in Rome, 
 
 in a matrimonial case, n 407 683 
 
 Case, Mr 286 636 
 
 Cassiopeia's chair, n ,, 81 846 
 
 Castles in the air, n 19 174 
 
 Cavalier, of Sarum, carried away by the devil, n. 16 1 67 
 
 Cavaliers, some remarkable instances of their loyalty, 245 201 
 
 Centaurs, who, n. _ 211 1344 
 
 Cerberus, his fable, n 29 1 663 
 
 Chaldeans, their method of judging of nativities, n. 67 689 
 
 Chancery bills, n 37 327 
 
 Cheynel, Mr. his scandalous abuse of the funeral 
 
 office in burying Mr. Chillingworth, n 445 127 
 
 Chi^rlatans, who, u. . . , 311 971
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ^a''l Page. iMie. 
 
 'Clidcflns, h*tcTled in an oven at Grand Cairo, n. 327 HJJ^ 
 CUhiese, men of quality lie in, instead of their 
 
 wives, 171 707 
 
 Clironns, n, .^-.-.w. 65 667 
 
 Ckic crown, who were honoured with it by the 
 
 Ronians,n 379 2&1 
 
 Cfcora, a doscri^Uion of her, n 442 57 
 
 CWrgv, benefit of, explained, n 123 55 
 
 Cobbet, Colonel, a great eater, n 388 369 
 
 Columbus, foretelling an eclipse, which happinei 
 
 two days after, was taken for a miracle by the 
 
 Jamaicausy n. 58 5^9 
 
 Comets, n 44 427 
 
 C'onjnrcrs, ancient ones, pretended to bring down 
 
 the moon from her sphere, n 57 5,99 
 
 Conjurer, in Moorlields, w 37 235 
 
 took, the regicide, an account of Irim, n 351 1550 
 
 Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, &:c 26G 351 
 
 Correspondence, chimerical, n 422. 1 1 3 
 
 Covenant, the way of taking it, u 216 1448 
 
 . the devil author of it, n 217 1450 
 
 sneered, n 306 888 
 
 Cow-itch, what, n 140 319 
 
 Coin, hardened by the allay, n 275 482 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, a preacher, n 240 118 
 
 a remarkable instanceof his hypocrisy, u. 24-1 ib. 
 
 - . a terrible hurricane at his death, n 246 215 
 
 Cromwell, Richard, some account of him, n 249 231 
 
 Cromwell, Harry, q ib. ib. 
 
 Cross, the fanatics of those times had a remarkable 
 
 antipathy to it, n 261 314 
 
 Croysade, for the recovery of the holy land, n 326 1200 
 
 Cuckold, legal one, M'hat, n. 163 013 
 
 D. 
 
 Damon and Pythias, tli?ir story, n 323 1135 
 
 Death, a story of cue, who counterfeited it witli 
 
 great humour, n 103 1145 
 
 Dee, Dr. the story of him, and the devil, n 16 163 
 
 . n 24 235 
 
 Democritus,. the laughing philosopher, n 29 285 
 
 Demosthenes, a cowardly saying of his, n 376 243 
 
 Dcodand, what, n... ....._ 444 103 
 
 Derric, what, n. .^<,.-^*^4.i. 18 173 
 
 Desburongh, an account of him, n. 254 270 
 
 Devil of J\iascoi,n ,.... 16" 161
 
 INDEX. 465 
 Page. Line. 
 Devil, said to appear to a parliament committee at 
 
 Woodstock, n 16 166 
 
 said to have a cloven hoof, n. 199 ll6l 
 
 Dew try, what, n -. 140 321 
 
 Dilemma, n. .....-...-, 7 61 
 
 Directory, sold for 4001. n 287 640 
 
 Divorce, in what cases allowed, n. .,.,....... . i6"5 627 
 
 Dog, story of one in Vespasian's court, n 101 1116 
 
 of Bomclius's at Memphis, ib ib. ib. 
 
 Dol Common, who, n. . 274 476 
 
 Dolon, an account of him, n 131 162 
 
 Druids, borrowed money to be repaid in the other 
 
 world, n 91 975 
 
 Dun, the executioner, an account of him, n. 348 1334 
 
 his name continued for many years ib. ib. 
 
 Dunstan, St. the story of his taking the devil by the 
 
 nose, n 59 6\7 
 
 Dutchman, the story of one troubled with a me- 
 grim, n 420 53 
 
 E. 
 
 Ears, an account of some remarkable ones, n. 110 12 
 
 Egyptians, of opinion, that the sun has shifted his 
 
 course twice, n 81 865 
 
 thought it dishonourable to commute 
 
 death with banishment, n 359 1661 
 
 Elves, supposed by some to change children in the 
 
 cradle, n 186 954 
 
 Empedocles, who, n 82 875 
 
 Emma, Queen, her story, n. 123 52 
 
 Excommunication, the abuse of it by' the Presbyte- 
 rians, sneered, n 221 1 523 
 
 ^ the manner of it in the church of 
 
 Rome, n 222 ib. 
 
 Exorcists, who, 219 1492 
 
 F. 
 Fairfax, Sir Thomas, why called Croysado Gene- 
 ral, n 326 1200 
 
 Fasts, some account of those kept in the times, n. 276 520 
 
 the length of them, n 307 898 
 
 Feast of fools, suppressed at Lincoln, by Bishop 
 
 Grosted, n. ... 22 224 
 
 Fern, a vulgar opinion, that it springs without 
 
 seed, n 365 3 
 
 confuted from good authorities, by Dr. Der- 
 
 ham, n. ... . .... 366 ib. 
 
 Vol. II. Hh FestiTals,
 
 4M INDEX. 
 
 .xiij. Page. Line. 
 
 Festivals, abolished by ordinance, n 267 285 
 
 Fisher's folly, VI bat, a 307 891 
 
 Flhk, who, H 43 404 
 
 Flea, its jump measured by Socrates and Chere- 
 
 phon, u. 3+ 311 
 
 a measure of them demanded by liasilowitz, of 
 
 the town of Moscow, under a penalty, n ib. ib. 
 
 Fleetwood, General, an account ot hiiu, n 254, 26'9 
 
 Fly, sleeps with its tail uppermost 355 1609 
 
 Fontherralt, the abbess and nuns of, could not keep 
 a secret t\fenty-four hours, though they desired 
 to be indulged by the Pope, to confess themselves, 
 
 under the seal of seoresy, n 346 1495 
 
 Fool's pence, a tax upon astrologers at Alexan- 
 dria, n - - 1 
 
 Fox, the fabulous story of one, that hung himself 
 
 upon a gallows, to avoid the pursuit of the hunters 101 111 6" 
 
 said to weigh the goose he carries, n 169 672 
 
 Funds, remarkable ones raised, to carry on the re- 
 bellion, n 301 830 
 
 G. 
 
 Galen, an account of him, n 394 475 
 
 Ganzas, what, n 75 782 
 
 Gaolers, Roman, chained to their prisoners, n. . . 160 565 
 
 (iazettes, their original, and meaning, n 379 274 
 
 Geese, preserved the capitol, n. .- 77 799 
 
 the regard paid to them by the Romans, on 
 
 that account ib. ib, 
 
 Generals, a quint of, who, n 350 1541 
 
 Gentry, of those times sneered, n 65 669 
 
 Geomancy, what, n 196 1131 
 
 Qibellincs, who, n 292 685 
 
 Goodwin, John, n... 429 188 
 
 Grahame, Mr. George, Bishop of Orkney, re- 
 
 nounred Episcopacy, n 372 145 
 
 Greenland, the ill elfects of touching cold iron 
 
 there in winter, n - 168 656 
 
 Gresham carts, with legs for wheels, explained, n. 224 1564 
 
 Grosted, Bishop of Lincoln, an account of him, n. 22 224 
 
 Groves, cutting down of, explained, n 257 287 
 
 Guelfs, n 292 685 
 
 Gymnosophists, n 21 195 
 
 II. 
 
 Halifax law, what, n 296 751 
 
 lia^dj
 
 INDEX. 46T 
 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Hand, affidavit, n 153 485 
 
 Hangman's wages, n 296 751 
 
 Hans Towns, why so called, n 251 244 
 
 Hardenberg, the manner of choosing the chief ma- 
 gistrate there, n 35 313 
 
 Harman, Mr. his remarkable story, n 404 645 
 
 Haslerig, Sir Arthur, sneered, n 262 320 
 
 a further account of him, n 350 1540 
 
 Headsman, Dutch, his dexterity in his office, n. . . 349 J 534 
 Helmont, Van, pretended to make mice from 
 
 wheat, n 33 299 
 
 Henderson, Mr. an account of him, with his cha- 
 racter of King Charles, n 328 1239 
 
 Heralds, sneered, n. _ 66 669 
 
 Hermaphrodite, n . 170 68$ 
 
 Hermes Trismegistus, who, n 141 323 
 
 Hewson, Colonel, the cobbler, an account of him, n. 331 1250 
 
 Hildcbrand, Pope, n 453 283 
 
 Hocus pocus, explained, n 409 JlS 
 
 Holding forth, explained, n 38 353 
 
 Honour, the seat of, n 96 1066 
 
 Hook, or Crook, n 309 934- 
 
 Hopkins, the witch-finder, his story, n. 13 144 
 
 detected as an impostor, n . 15 153 
 
 Horse, Banks's, an account of the tricks he play- 
 ed, n 101 1116 
 
 Hospitality, the laws of it, n 194 1076 
 
 strictly observed by Peter the Great, 
 
 Czar of Muscovy, in the case of Prince Can- 
 
 temir, n ib. ib. 
 
 Hudibras, his scruple concerning the consulting a 
 
 conjurer in his love-atFair, 12 126 
 
 freed from his scruple, by Ralpho, ib. 129 
 
 sneers Sidrophel, for his pretended know- 
 ledge of the stars, ... 53 563 
 
 replies to Sidrophel 55 587 
 
 . disarms and defeats him 97 106l 
 
 visits his mistress 131 l63 
 
 equivocates with her ib. 167 
 
 the widow contradicts him . 135 235 
 
 his execration 154 493 
 
 his great fright 194 1060 
 
 -^-^ cruelly treated by the I..ady's servaiits in 
 
 masquerade _ 198 1147 
 
 . those furies, after a long examination of 
 
 him, vanish 208 1317 
 
 H h 3 Hudibras
 
 4M INDEX. 
 
 Page. Li6. 
 Hodibras sneered by Ralpho, under tbc disguise of 
 
 a spirit 211 1363 
 
 ^, is carried ofl' by Ralph 225 1571 
 
 u dialogue betweon him and Ralph, upon 
 
 the discoTcry of each other 371 103 
 
 . ansMer to Ralpho's advice 397 517 
 
 ._ resohcs to sue his mistress, upon her 
 
 promise 399 567 
 
 . character of his lawyer 400 577 
 
 . his address to him 403 621 
 
 , puts his case, with the lawyer's answer . 404 633 
 
 __ ^ the lawyer's opinion 407 675 
 
 . epistle to his Lady 419 
 
 . subscription, date, seal, and direction ,_ 435 341 
 
 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, the proverb of 
 
 dining with him explained, n . 414 762 
 
 Ilycophrix, or Uycothrift, a giant killer, n 126 85 
 
 I. 
 
 Jacob's staff, what, n 75 786 
 
 Jaquel, Mr. laid his liand upon his buttons, instead 
 of the book, in taking an oath, at Mr. Love's 
 
 trial, n 448 183 
 
 Idiot, a remarkable story of one, n. 401 577 
 
 Id us, and Calendar, englished quarter*days, and by 
 
 whom, n 85 915 
 
 Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, his remark- 
 able fervency in prayer, n 283 6o6 
 
 a blow n-up soldier, n. 352 1564 
 
 Jimmcrs, Sarah, who, n. Qg 1093 
 
 Independents, why called the maggots of corrupted 
 
 texts, n 231 10 
 
 -^ a further account of them, n. 239 111 
 
 some of the otVicers and soldiers of that 
 
 sjfct preacheil, n .-....---........ 240 118 
 
 Indian actions, n 305 883 
 
 dames, n. . . 442 61 
 
 Insect breeze, what, n 230 1,2 
 
 John of Stiles, and Joan of Nokcs, a merry account 
 
 of these fictitious disputants, n 163 616 
 
 K. 
 
 Kelly, the conjurer, his story, n 61 631 
 
 Ketch, Jack, the hangmen of London have been so 
 
 called above sixty years, n ^ 349 1534 
 
 Kingston, lludibras ill used there, a* ... .... 91 992 
 
 - ' Knights-
 
 INDEX. 46fl 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Knights-crrant, bantered, n -.-.- 12(> 85 
 
 not to engage with persons below 
 
 their order, n - 144 347 
 
 the manner of degrading knights in 
 
 England, n 440 13 
 
 cross-legged, who, n .. 414 762 
 
 of the post, who, n 8 88 
 
 n 414 760 
 
 a remarkable instance, n _.. 415 767 
 
 L. 
 
 Lambert, general, an account of him, n 255 270- 
 
 Lapland hag, explained, n. .... 148 411 
 
 magi, fall into trances, and afterwards fore- 
 
 tel things, n 196 1132. 
 
 Law, an encomium upon it 392 439 
 
 Lawyers, rarely expose their own profession 393 453 
 
 Leger, what, n 13 140 
 
 Leicester, Earl of, bantered by the Dutch, n 84 900 
 
 Lenthal, bulls of, explained, n 307 909 
 
 Lescus, who, n 25 238 
 
 Lilburn, Colonel John, his character, n 271 421 
 
 Lilly, the Sidrophel of this poem, predicted the 
 
 subversion of the law, and gospel ministry, n, .. 250 241 
 Linsey-woolsey, what meant by the extirpation of 
 
 it, n 260 312 
 
 Little Loyal John, n _ 244 175 
 
 Longings, of women with child, remarkable ones, n. 299 811 
 
 Loudon, nun of, n. . 16 164 
 
 Love, I\Ir. Christopher, an account of him, n. . . . 334 li'63 
 
 Lover's leap, an account of it, n. 12 1,23, &c. 
 
 Lunatics, native, n 74 770 
 
 Lunsford, Colonel, an account of him, n 319 1112 
 
 said to eat children n _ 320 ib. 
 
 Luther, Martin, the devil often appeared to him, n. 15 155- 
 Luz, a bone incorruptible in the opinion of the 
 
 Jews, n 355 1615 
 
 Lysians, amongst them the children took the mo- 
 ther's name, n 459 378 
 
 M. 
 
 Magi, Persian, n 232 1 3 
 
 Magician, Indian, his way of foretelling things, . . 58 609 
 
 Magnetic needle, by whom found out, n 355 1606 
 
 Mahomet, the fiction of his tomb hanging in the 
 
 air, n 282 605 
 
 II h 3 Mahomet,
 
 4t6 INDEX. 
 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Mahomet, his assistants in compiling the alchoran, n. 318 1102 
 
 Mandrake, n 175 756 
 
 Manicon, what, n 141 324 
 
 Marcly hill, the story of it, n. 322 1 127 
 
 Maritorues, humorously described, n 305 873 
 
 Marriage, a remarkable account of one, n 89 955 
 
 Marriages, said to be made in Heaven, n 158 539 
 
 the opinion sneered by the widow, n. .. 159 545 
 
 in those times by justices of the peace, n. 183 888 
 
 damages recoverable upon a promise of 
 
 marriage, n 391 405 
 
 Marshal, Mr. Stephen, married his daughter with 
 the office in the liturgy, and paid down the pe- 
 nally for so doing, n 183 888 
 
 a further account of him, n 367 36 
 
 Mascon, devil of, n 16 161 
 
 Median, Emperor his dreams, n 68 691 
 
 Medicines, applied to the imagination, n 29 288 
 
 Galenical and Chemical, their difference, n. 396 475 
 
 Meroz, transformed to, explained, n 321 1120 
 
 Miller, Cornish, his servant hanged for him, n. . , 270 420 
 
 Mole, has an imperfect sight, n 268 399 
 
 Monarchy, fifth, some account of if, n 252 269 
 
 Dr. Lightfoot's opinion concern- 
 ing it, n 342 1414 
 
 Money, its great power, n 338 1327 
 
 Moon, her diameter, n 28 265 
 
 world of, n 70 727 
 
 her iuflnence upon the tides, n 209 1321 
 
 Morning's approach, finely described, n ib. 1325 
 
 Morrice, Colonel, scandalously used by Judge 
 
 Thorp and Puleston, upon his trial, n 435 183 
 
 N. 
 
 Nab, Mother, n 305 873 
 
 Napier, Lord Archibald, some account of him, n. . 270 409 
 
 Napier's bones 97 1095 
 
 what, n 269 409 
 
 Neal, Sir Paul, a merry account of him, ti 109 
 
 Nepenthe, what, n 140 321 
 
 Nick, Old, how long the devil has been so called, n. 207 ' 1313 
 Nokcs. See John of Stiles and Joan of Nokes. . . 
 
 Noell, Sir Martyn, some account of him, n 347 1504 
 
 Nye, Philip, an account of him, and his thanksgiv- 
 ing beard, n 428 188 
 
 o. 
 
 Oaths, of lovers, exposed, n 154 493 
 
 Ob
 
 INDEX. 471 
 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Ob and Sollcrs, explained, n 330 124^ 
 
 Oracles, ceased at the coming of our Saviour, n. .. 212 1388 
 
 Ordeal, accoant of the several kinds, n 123 52 
 
 Overton, a fifth monarchy man, n 253 269 
 
 Owen, Dr. a time-serving preacher, n 342 1419 
 
 Owl, a bird of bad omen, n 69 709 
 
 sacred to Minerva, n 77 803 
 
 in high esteem with the Tartars, with the rea- , 
 
 sons why, n ib. ib. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paracelsus, pretended to make men, n 32 299 
 
 held that all things in this world were 
 
 known to the stars, n 53 565 
 
 called Bumbastus, n 60 627 
 
 his carrying a devil in the pommel of his 
 
 sword, explained, n ib. ib. 
 
 pretended to make men immortal, though 
 
 he himself died at the age of forty-seven, n. ... ib. ib. 
 
 an historical account of him, n ib. ib. 
 
 a further account of him, n 394 475 
 
 Paroles, prisoners of, explained, n 135 220 
 
 Parsons, Mr. banished by the Mayor of Colchester, 
 
 on account of his name, n _. 262 318 
 
 Parthians, in flying, do the greatest execution 426 173 
 
 Peccadillos, what, n 218 1454 
 
 Penance, the manner of it in Scotland, n 218 1477 
 
 Pendulum, vibration of, n 95 1024 
 
 Perukes, or periwigs, their first use in Europe, n. 73 767 
 
 Berenice's, w hat, n 79 844 
 
 Peter, St. whence called porter of heaven, n. 290 661 
 
 Peters, Hugh, sneered, n 205 1287 
 
 n 432 305 
 
 Philosopher's stone, Van Melmont's account of it, n. 142 325 
 
 Philters, n. 122 43 
 
 Phlebotomy, a merry mistake of its meaning, n. . . 40 368 
 Pigeon- house, once determined the fate of a young 
 
 lady, n 444 12J 
 
 Pique, or Pica, what, n 299 809 
 
 Plague, the number that died of it 1665, n 204 1269 
 
 Planets, their houses, n 45 433 
 
 Plants, raised by a chemist from their calcined 
 
 ashes, n 356 l6l9 
 
 Plato's year, n 307 907 
 
 of opinion that the world was governed by 
 
 geometry, n - 81 849 
 
 H h 4 Player
 
 475 INDEX. 
 
 ?age. Line. 
 Player of Vitry in France, his story, n. ...._.. . 104 1145 
 Po. See Spirit. 
 Poppet plays, the severity of the Swiss cantons 
 
 gainst them, n. 402 b99 
 
 . ~ a tax upon them in Holland, for the 
 
 industrious poor, n , 403 ib. 
 
 Popham, Admiral, to the rebel parliament, though 
 
 miserably beat by the Gorernor of Kinsale, yet 
 
 the rebels kept a thanksgiving day for a victory, n. 381 487 
 
 Portsmouth, Duchess of, sneered, n 464 288 
 
 Potosi, n 141 326 
 
 Preachers, itinerant, who, n > 238 92 
 
 blue apron ones, n. 304 870 
 
 Precedency, ladies very fond of it, n 182 8G9 
 
 Presbyterians, and Independents, their antipathy 
 
 to each other, n 233 24 
 
 and Independents, compared Mith the 
 
 Jesuits, n 155 499 
 
 outwitted by the Independents, n. . . 237 87 
 
 Presbyterian, true blue, explained, n . . 305 870 
 
 Prcbtcr John, formerly not seen by his subjects, n. 450 277 
 
 the reason wliy he is now seen by them, n. 452 2/8 
 
 Pride, Sir, knighted with a faggoi-stick, n 331 1250 
 
 Proserpine, n 149 422 
 
 Proteus, his fable, u 1 38 289 
 
 Pryn, Mr. liis ears twice cropped, n. 317 10G5 
 
 Psalms, sung by the rebels before an engagement, n. 380 284 
 
 Pucellc, Joande,orJoanof Arc,anaccountofhcr,n. 453 285 
 
 for her valiant actions she was ennobled, and 
 
 had a grant of arms, n 454 ib. 
 
 Quacks of government, who, n 265 333 
 
 Quillets, what, n 412 747 
 
 Quixote, Don, his directions to Sancho Pancha, 
 
 when he sent him with a letter to his mistress, n. 435 352 
 
 R. 
 
 Rabble, the easiest way of quelling them, n 325 1167 
 
 Kalpho, resolves to discover Hudibras's prevarica- 
 tion to his mistress 129 131 
 
 goes to her house, and effects it 130 145 
 
 dialt^ue with Iludibras (as a spirit) on his 
 
 past conduct 213 1401 
 
 carries him off upon his back 225 15/1 
 
 dialogue between him and Iludibras upon 
 
 their meeting 37 1 103 
 
 llalphoj
 
 lNDE:5t. 473 
 
 Page line. 
 Ralpho, advises Iludibras to sue his mistress upon a 
 
 promise of marriage. 390 395 
 
 Kamsey, Dr. William, the astrologer, some account 
 
 ofhim,n 52 545 
 
 Rat. See Water-Rat. 
 
 Raw-head and Bloody- bones, n 292 682 
 
 R-ecords, to rase them, felony, n... 158 543. 
 
 Replevin, n 439 4 
 
 Rinaldo, his story, n 389 383 
 
 Ring in matrimony, endeavoured to be suppressed, n. 259 304 
 
 why put upon the fourth finger of the left 
 
 hand, n ib, 306 
 
 the original of the custom, n ib. ib. 
 
 Robin Goodfellow, n 2l5 1415 
 
 Ralph, who, n... 314 1022 
 
 Romps, and Rampant, whence derived, n 274 476 
 
 Romulus, his legend, n ^ 248 227 
 
 Rosicrusians, who, n. _ - 367 1 5 
 
 Rota men, who, n - 100 1108 
 
 Roundhead, pulled out of a window by the cars, n. 197 1137 
 
 Royalists, a high encomium u\>on them, n 243 1^3- 
 
 a design to massacre them, n. 264. 323 
 
 Rumps, burnt by the mob, in derision of that fag- 
 end of a parliament, so called, n - 347 1 505 
 
 < why that parliament was so called, n 357 1(^26' 
 
 turned out three times, H -.. ib. 1627 
 
 S. 
 
 Safety, committee of, an account of it, n 256 272 
 
 Saints, the precisians of those times would not allow 
 
 that title to any but themselves, n 261 317 
 
 Salic laAV, what, n 458 378 
 
 disputed by Edward III. and Henry V. 
 
 Kings of England. ib. ib. 
 
 Sambenites, who, n 353 1574 
 
 Sand-bags, used sometimes in combat, n 226 SO 
 
 Sandford, Mr. his remarkable prognostication, n. 88 541 
 
 Saturn, his figure, n 46 454 
 
 his course, n 50 535 
 
 Scolds, hospitals of dumb persons supported by 
 
 them, at Pekin in China, n , 174 743 
 
 how punished at Newcastle and Walsal in 
 
 Staffordshire, n ib. ib.. 
 
 Scorpion oil, cures the wounds made by the ser- 
 pent, n. 314 1029^ 
 
 Scots,"
 
 474 INDEX. 
 
 Page. I. inc. 
 
 Scots, their great expence to the English nation, n. 335 1269 
 
 ScaU, when lirst used in England, n 413 7j4 
 
 the ancient punishment lor counterfeiting 
 
 them,n jp. ib. 
 
 Seamen, their cowardice in a storm, n 278 537 
 
 Secrets, how diflicuk to some persons to keep them,n. 340' 14i)5 
 
 Sects, the great number of them in England, n. 231 8 
 
 Sedgwick, Doomsday, an enthusiast, pretended to 
 
 foretel the day of judgment, n 48 477 
 
 Serpents, annually cast their skins, u. 287 660 
 
 Shelbourn, Sarah. See Jimmers. 
 
 Sherfield, Mr. recorder of Sarum, mortgaged, &c. 
 
 the same estate six times, n 1. 220 1519 
 
 Shoe, formerly accounted unlucky to put on the 
 
 left before the right, n 69 701 
 
 Sidrophel, who, n. - - 9 ^^^ 
 
 n 17 171 
 
 n 19 179 
 
 n 21 205 
 
 mistakes a paper kite for a star , 43 414 
 
 replies to the objections made by liudi- 
 
 bras to his art. -. 54 575 
 
 63 641 
 
 < 66 675 
 
 76 791 
 
 , 91 977 
 
 ' his great fame abroad, n 115 91,92 
 
 Sieve and sheers, n , 54 569 
 
 SirPol, who, n 114 86 
 
 Sirens, an account of them, n ...^1.. J 75 751 
 
 Slaves, Roman, the occasion of their rebellion, n. 32 294 
 
 Snuff-takers, sneeretl, n 312 1005 
 
 Sophi, explained, n 215 1423 
 
 Sophy, her punishment for perjury, n. . 411 725 
 
 Sooterkin, u 242 146 
 
 Sow, a hunting one, story of her, n 112 41 
 
 Spain, King of, outlawed in Westminster-Hall, n. 221 1521 
 
 Spaniards, their horsemen taken for Centaurs, n. 211 1344 
 
 Sparta, by w hom built, n 259 306 
 
 Spiders hunt Hies, n 166 631 
 
 Spirit Po, what, n 213 1395 
 
 Stakeley, his reply to Queen Elizabeth, when she 
 
 reproached him with bad usage of his wife, n. 201 1188 
 
 Stars falling, what, n 47 475 
 
 royal, explained, n 21 187 
 
 new ones, their appearance, n _ 46 428 
 
 Stentor,
 
 INDEX. 476 
 
 Page. Line. 
 
 Stentor, who, n 136 252 
 
 Stiles. See John of Stiles. 
 
 Sterry, Peter, his blasphemous cant, n 247 220 
 
 Stockholm, the executioner there condemned to 
 that office at ten years old, for cutting off a 
 
 boy's head at play, n. - 350 1534 
 
 Summer-sault, what, n 409 699 
 
 Summons, to appear in the other world, remark- 
 able instance of a, n 133 209 
 
 Sun, its distance from the earth computed, n.. ^ 72 739 
 
 its diameter, n. ib. ib. 
 
 Swauswick, barrister of, who, n 236 77 
 
 Swiss, fight for any Christian prince for pay, n. .. 393 458 
 
 T. 
 
 Tales, who,n 411 732 
 
 Talismans, some account of them, n. 150 432 
 
 Tasso, a remarkable account of him, n 280 565 
 
 Te Deum, Mahomet's account of it, n 380 284 
 
 Testament, Old, corrupted by a printer in the 
 
 times,n 318 1093 
 
 Thanksgiving by the rebels often when they were 
 
 defeated,n 381 286 
 
 Theft and robbery, encouraged by the Egyptians 
 
 and Cilicians, n 405 ,645 
 
 Thrasyllus, his remarkable predictions, n 88 941 
 
 Transmigration of souls, said to be held by Pytha- 
 goras, n l68 647 
 
 Treaty. See Uxbridge. 
 
 Trigon, what, n 85 905 
 
 Trojan mare, n - 274 473 
 
 Trover, action of what, n 405 6lf7 
 
 Trumpet, speaking, improved by Sir Samuel More- 
 land, n 137 252 
 
 Tuscan running horse, whose jockey rider is all 
 
 spurs, explained, n. . . , 360 1689 
 
 V. 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry, an account of his principles, n. 250 237 
 
 a sect denominated Vanists, from him, n ib. ib. 
 
 Uffo, a giant-killer, n 126 85 
 
 Villanage, what, n 163 603 
 
 Vultures, the nature of them, n 4 27 
 
 Uxbridge treaty, the occasion of its breaking oflF,n. 333 1261 
 
 Waller.
 
 4t INDEX. 
 
 W. 
 
 Page. Line. 
 Waller, Sir WilJum, an account of his defeat at 
 
 Round way Down, n 384 309 
 
 Watches, pendulum, the first invention of them, n. 151 450 
 
 Water-rat, who, n 386 351 
 
 Weapon. salve, sneered, u ... 315 1031 
 
 Whachum, who, D..._ 36 325 
 
 -^ acted the part of a French mountebank 
 
 atKingston, n 93 1005 
 
 Whittingtou, Alderman, his story, n. 283 620 
 
 Widows, Indian, burnt with their husbands, n 167 639 
 
 Wild, Serjeant his remarkable casuistry to bring off 
 
 llolf,n- 314 1022 
 
 Williams, Dr. Archbishop of York, cleared from 
 
 an aspersion, n 373 145 
 
 See more, under the title of. Bishops insulted. 
 Witchcraft, the opinions of the vulgar concerning 
 
 it, n 10 111 
 
 Witches, what number suffered in the times, n. 13 144 
 
 what number in Suffolk in one year, n. ib. ib. 
 
 nine hundred suffered in Lorrain, in the 
 
 compass of a few years, n ib. ib. 
 
 the manner of trying them, n 14 14G 
 
 Lancashire, n ........ 146 384 
 
 ' of Luhlah, her pranks, n. 148 411 
 
 Withers, the poet, a short account of him, n 17 169 
 
 ^Volves, howl at the moon, n 76 78 7 
 
 Woman, supposed to be taken from the left side of 
 the man, therefore he takes the right hand when 
 
 the marriage ceremony is performed, n 177 764 
 
 W'"omen, in jNIuscovy, don't love their husbands un- 
 less they beat them, n 459 379 
 
 Sabine, ravished by the Romans, in order 
 
 to people their new commonwealth, n _ 430 237 
 
 Spanish, kept at a great distance by their 
 
 husbands, n 459 379 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zany, what, n 36 324 
 
 Zodiac, some held, that there were twelve princely 
 
 gods, presiding over the twelve signs of it, n. 54 565 
 
 the signs of it have changed their places, n. 85 901 
 
 Zoroaster, who, n 64 655 
 
 Zy to, the conjurer, his story, n. ..,^u^^^. 321 1112 
 
 THE END. 
 
 J. Wright, Printer, St. JolinVSiiuare, ClcrkcBwel!.
 
 J
 
 r 
 
 w 
 
 If*: 
 
 WA 
 
 ! 11 SEP 301! 
 
 W JAN 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 ?i5 
 
 RECD LIMJRL 
 
 QL APR 6^98T 
 
 MAR 1 iqfl7 
 
 im 
 
 ^^ 
 
 91993 
 
 APRl 
 jot 02 '393 
 
 ^ 
 
 1^^^
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 000 070 005 4 
 
 3 1158 01165 2087
 
 iM' 
 
 
 ./!!' 
 
 m-''