DESCRIPTION O F T H AT ADMIRABLE STRUCTURE, m t THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH O F SALISBURY. WITH The Chapels, Monuments, Grave-Stones, AND THEIR INSCRIPTIONS. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, An account of OLD SARUM. ILLUSTRATED WITH COPPER- PLATES. LONDON: Printed for R. BALDWIN, at the Rose, in Pater-Noster-Row. M.DCC.LXXIV. tj- i-age ID, of the Cathedral, Line x6, from the Bottom, for Plate VII. read Plate Vt THE R E F A C E. WE are well aware of tlie high importance of a Preface to a Book. As cuftom prevails, it is iridifpenfible : it becofties a panegyric, in the hands of an artful author, on his own abilities^ erudition and jftudies : and the purpofe of it is to recommend the work, to which it is prefixed, to reputation, praife, and fuccefs. Convinced as we are, how greatly this practice derogates from the dignity of letters, and that it is unworthy of ingenuous and liberal minds, we fiiall adopt as little of !' as poffible. The public judgment is the fcale by which every vvuik ought to be nieafured, and the auLhox- ought to leave it to its fate. If it merits approbation, it will receive it, and the author might have fupprefTed his own eulogy: if its pretenfions to regard are ill-founded, he will declaim in vain. As every reader, however, has a right to know what he ouo-ht to expert in a book, which is to coft him both money and time, we now proceed to inform him. The fubjed of the following (heets, curious in itfelf, and ren- dered valuable by its connedion with the internal and domeftic h.ftory of this kingdom, offers a fource of general entertainment to a num.erous body of readers, but more particularly to the lovers of antiquities, who will not be lefs plcafcd with it becaufe it is topical. This work recites a particular ac- count of the city ot Old Sarum, and the Cathedral Church of Salisbury. Copious, however, as this defcription may be^ the reader is defired not to exped, efpecially in regard to the city, A a f^l?'Q*7-'K.Q IV R E F A C E. a regular and complete hiflory. A ferics of information, which connedls event to event, and period to period, through a long, fucceflion of ages, is not to be expected, with reference to a fub- ject fo private and local. The materials for fo complete a work, if there are any which have efcaped our obfervation, are, we appre- hend, minute and few, and fcattered fo widely as to elude the fearch of the moft induftrious enquirer. Many new particulars relative to the fubjeft, which were found to carry in them fuf- hcient importance and authenticity, have been diligently colleded from Cabinets public and private, and inferted in the work; but where we found the line of the hiftorical narration broken, we thought it more prudent to fuffer it to remain imperfed, than to fupply the place of authentic information with our own conjedures. Perhaps the work therefore ranks in the denomination of a colledion of anecdotes,, rather than in that of a hiflory. The firft part treats of matters of a remote antiquity, and offers fubjccls for enquiry and fpeculation to the ingenious an- tiquarian. Objeds of hiftorical moment, which are rendered doubtful by tradition or by time, are beft illuftrated by colla^ teral fads relative to the cera with which they were conneded ; and to this judicious and decifive fludy we doubt not that the prefent work, in many of the periods which it defcribcs, will be highly favourable. The next department of the work, though more circumfcribed by its nature, will not be lefs valuable to thofe whom it may be found to concern. It contains authentic copies of the ancient char- ters and records relative to the city and church of Salifbury, and promifes fome utility to all perfons who are conneded, by their interefts, with either of them. l"o this fucceed the difterent accounts of the feveral eminent antiquarians who have written concerning Old Sarum : and thefe accounts PREFACE. V accounts are concluded by a fhort enquiry into the ftate of it, ftill more remote, in the times of the ancient Britons and of the Roman Emperors. In this part of the work perhaps we have indulged in fpeculation nore than in any of the refi. Obfcure and difficult as the path was, however, we have invariably at- tempted to tread within the limits of probability ; and by trac- ing events, comparing circumftances, and con.iccting fadls, we have endeavoured notonly to entertain, but exercife every reader of antiquity. The aichite(flonicaI defcription of the cathedral, it is hoped, will be found to be particular, correct, and curious, as it has chiefly been colleded, with great care, from the furvey taken by the excellent and accurate Sir Chriftopher Wren, and from the Series of Observations made upon this admirable Structure, by the late ingenious Mr. Francis Price. From this latter fource too we have been furnifhed with the copper-plates which illuftrate this w^ork. They are the fame, with fome little addition, as ornamented Mr. Price's Observations, publifhed by fubfcrip- tion about twenty years ago. To thefe trads, many particulars, lefs momentous, but very neceffary to render a work of this nature as complete as poflible, have been added, viz. I. A furvey of the chapels, monuments, and grave-ftones, with their infcriptions. II. An account of the Bifhops of Old and New Sarum. III. Obfervations pointing out particular parts of the ca- thedral, which are fubjed: to become weak or defedive, with the caufes of it ; fo that proper remedies may be conftantly applied. when they become neceffary. IV. A Lift of the Dignities and Prebends, with the order of the days of preaching annexed, and an account of the re- ferved VI R E F A C E. ferved annual revenues of the eftates appropriated to each refpedively. We have now only to remark, that throughout the whole of this work we have been lefs felicitous about our reputation as au- thors than as editors. Studies of this kind are but ill calculated to admit a luxuriance of didion or of fentiment, and to thefe we have in no place afpired. Our bulinefs was to colled: au- thentic information concerning a fubjed at once obfcure and interefling : and how this has been effedted, is left to the reader to decide. An 'Jofiuf'Aii^/ I. '"m. f/u' /fa/^r Wiiy. YL.f/u e/i/rarux H? //if /}/iu/!r/, I //tf n^a/r/i ^>7i^fr . J-'Truf ./Mti;jj y^ /\rf/n/r//U4rr J'ru/f . An Account of O L D S A R U M. &c. firy;£'^--y,^^-'-^'y{LD SJRUM, from' the mins of which arofe the N'ew, is about a mile dif- M,l.s^~"=^J.Y- tant from it, to the north, and is fo ancient, that it was a fortrels of the 4^s^ Q '^^ Britons before the Roman conqueft, and afterwards a Rowan rtation. IVtn. of 'fs^ '^/Y Malmjhury fays, " That the tov/n was more like a caftle than city, being ■?:?■? (f3=°°"4^TV " environed with a high wall ; and notwithftanding that it was very well ac- (j^);i:;«».]>^:uu ihe Grtat. B liatnent 2 y^n Account of Old Sarum, &*€. liament. In the latter end of that very year (fays Mr. Blackjlone, in his commentaries) the King was attended by all his nobility to Sarum, where all the principal landholders fubmitted their lands to the yoke of military tenure, became the King's vaflals, and did homage and fealty to his perfon. This feems to have been the sera of formally introducing the feudal tenures by law; and probably the very law thus made at the council of Sarum is that which is ftill extant, and couched in thefe remarkable words •, — " We enadl that all freemen fhall fvvear on their " fealty, and on the facrament, that they will be faithful to king Hilliam their lord, both with- " in and without the realm of England, and every where, with all fidelity to prefervc his " lands and honours, and defend them againft ail enemies and foreigners." After the conqueror's deceafe, in the time of his fucceflbr IVilIiar/i II. and in the year 1095, or 1096, on the oclave of Epiphany, a council of the kingdom was held at Sarejberie ; in which council Earl IViiliam de Oive was impeached of high treafon, for confpiring with Robert Mow- bray. Earl of Northumberland, and many others, to kill the King, and fet upon the throne Stephen fc'arl of Albemarle, a fifler's fon of William the conqueror. The accufed William de Owe ap- pealed to a trial of his innocence by duel, but being overcome, was, by command of the King, punifhed with the lofs of his eyes and teflicles. Earl Robert Mowbray is faid to have purchafed his pardon by the furrender of his callle of Bamberg to the King. But Camden, in his account oi Northumberland, is clear that he was befieged by the King's forces in Tinmouth caftle, and reduced to fuch diftreis that he fled to the adjoining monaflery, which was deemed an inviolable fanftuary. He was neverthelefs taken from thence, and in a long and noifome durance foffertd for his treafon. William de A'dari, the King's godfnher and his aunt's fon, an accomplice in the confpiracy, was feverely whipped through the ftreets and hanged. This, as it fccms, was done by the fentence of the council. But at his confcflion, jutt before his death, he protelled his innocence to his confeflbr. In the year 1 1 16, kino Henry the Firft afurmbled his fpiritual and temporal Lords in this city ; v;hich • fome think was the origin of our parliaments. King Stephen, upon a quarrel with Roger the Bifliop, feized the caftle, took it out of the Bifliop's hands, and placed in it a governor and garrifon of his own. This was looked upon as a violation of the liberties of the church, and occafioned frequent differences between the clergy and their military inmates. This induced the Bifhop and Canons to think of re.moving to a place where they might be lels difturbed. But the reafons given for the neceflity of a removal, were grounded on a pretence that " the townfmen wanted water in Old Salijburie^'' But Uolinflied alTerts the contrary ; " Sithe that hill (fays he) is very plentifully ferved with fpringes and welsof very fweete water. " 'J"hc truth of the matter therefore is this : In the tyme of civil warres, the fouidiis of the " caftle and chanons of Old Sarum fell at oddes, infomuch that after often brawles, they fell " at lalt to fadde blowes. It happened therefore in a rogation wecke, that the clergy going in " foiemne procefTion, a controverly fell between them about certaine walkes and limites which " the one fide claymed and the other denyed. Such alfo was the whote entertainment on echc " part, that at la(l the caftellanes efpying thyir tyme, gate between the clergy and the town, " and fo coyltrd them as they returned homeward, that they feared any more to gang thyir " boundes for that yere. Hereupon the people miffing thyir belly-chere, for they were wont " to have banket ing at every flation, a thing pracftifed by the religious in old tyme, where- " with to link in the commons unto them, they conceyved forthwith a deadly hatred againft *• the caftellanes ; but not being able to cope with them by force of arms, they confulted with *' thyir Bifhop, and he with them fo cffeftually, that it was not long ere they, I mean the cha- " nons, began a church upon a piece of thyir owne ground, pretending to fcrve God there in • There are modern authors, who have thought this council to be the origin ef oir parliaments, being proba- bly mifltd by Polydere firg:!. They have fallen perhaps into this error, becaufe (according to him) the moft emi- nent perfons among the feopli at this lime were fummoned to take the oath of allegiance, as ivell as the nobles. But the ancient writers of thofe times, fUnnce oUVorceflir, Eadmtr, lyuiiam c,\ Malmjbury, make no mention of thi people ; nor Ralph Nigir, Simeon of Durham, and Ralph de Dicito, authors of the next age j nor even thofe of the fublequenr, as Mattheiv Paris, Mattheiu of Wejlminftir, Ralph oi Cbtftcr, or ll'aljingham, " better A71 Account of Old Sarum, ^c. 3 " better fafetie, and with far more quietnefle than they could before. The people alio, feeing " the diligence of the chanons, and reputing thyir harmes for thyir owne inconvenience, " were as earneft on the other fide to be near unto thofe prelates ; and therefore every man " brought hys houfe unto that place. And thus became Old Sarum in few yeres utterly de- " folate, and New Salijhurie raifed up inftede thereof, to the great decay alio of Harnham and " Wilton" However, it is allowed on all hands that the caufe of complaint was fufRcient. * Accordingly, in the time of Herbert^ who v^as confecrated Bifhop of this fee in the year I r94, they had frequent confultations how they might get the church tranflated to a place of greater freedom and convenience. For as it was fjrrounded by the walls of ihe king's fortifications, 't was by that means expofed to a variety of troubles, and continually laboured under the mod grievous injuries and opprefTions. This affjir was fo far advanced by the di- ligence of the Bilhop, who was a man of great fagacity, and had large temporal poiTcnions, that a plot of ground was fixed upon, as more commodious for the fituation of the church, and proper for afligning to each of the Canons a fit fpace for building him a manfion-houfe. This defign was favoured by King Richard the FirlV, f who freely gave his affent thereto. But the Bifhop afterwards, on more mature confideration, and finding that the great expence would exceed his abilities, laid afide the defign. In the year 1217, on the death oi Herbert, Richard his brother, then Bifhop of Chichejler^ was tranflated to the fee of Sarum by the pope's authority, and the year following the dean and chapter fent fpecial meflengers to Rome, who laid open the necefTity of tranflating the church • At this time flouridied John of Sahjlury, io called from :his dry, which was the place of his nativity ; one of the moft eminent I'cholars ot that age. Several of his works are ftill exiant, particularly his book entitled PoUcra- ticui J'euiie Nugis drialiurn et i-eftioiii PhilcfophorumyCOxnmendeidhy LipfiusX his life oi Thomas a Bickei, Archbilhop ot" Canterbury, and many of his letters. He wrote alfo the life of Archbilhop Ar/elm, a book called The Pei:iten- lial, and fome other pieces. He was from his youth a clerk of the c\vjvc\\ oi CaaUf bury, sdhering with great fidelity, firft to Archbilhop '■Theobald, and afterwards to Bicket in his exile. He was at laft of all received into the lervice of /;,V/5'ar^ the Archbifliop. for anciently the learned clergy were the adherents of the Archbifhops fuc- cefTively, and under their patronage were wont to execute ecclefiaflical bufinefs. For thofe inatters, which are now performtd by the chancellois, vicars, and other lay officials, were heretofore managed by their domcftic clergy. Aichblfiiop Thfohaid entertained fo good an opinion of him, that he inade him one of the trullees of his lafl will and tellament. The faid will is ftill extant in the archives of the church of Canterbury. It is (liort, but pious, and not unwotihy of fo great a prelate. We fhall fubjoin a copy of it, with a tranflation thereof, for thefake of its antiquityj Theohaldus, Dei gratia Cart. eccU-fiK mitiilfer humilis, ornnibus fandia; matris ecclefix filiis et fidelibus falutem et benediitioiiem. Supremis deficientium voluntalibus fuum accommodant jura favorem ; et in (e velut inhumanus provocat iram Dei, qui piis eorum defideriis obvius contradicit. Ncftra quidcm voluntas elf, quE Deo audlore nunquam immutabitur, ut refiduum bonorum noflrorum mobilium, qua; propter neceflitates doir.eflicas etdiuturni- tatem languoris ufque ad exitum vita; duximus retinenda, in ufus pauperum omnino cedat ; fecundum quod donii- nus nobis infpiravit, et ficiit dedimus in mandatis venerabili fratri nofl'O Gualitrio Roffenji epifcopo, et fidelibus noftiis Fhilippo chancellario nclbo, ^\. Radulpbo Lixovienfi, ct Johanni de Sarijber'ta, quos eleemo!)ns noftii difpenfands prxfecinius. " Th:oba!d, by the grace of God, an humble minifler of the church of Canterbury, to all the fons of oii'r holy mother the church, and to all the faithful, health and benedidion. The laws lend their fupport fo the lafl wills of dying perfons ; and he provokes the wrath of God, as inhuman towards him, who oppofes the pious deiires of fuch. Our will, indeed, is, which under God fliall never be changed, that what remains of our moveable goods, which, on account of our domefiic necelTuies, and the tedioufnefs of our ficknefs, we have judged proper to be re- tained to our death, fhall pafs wholly to the ufe of the poor ; as God hath put into our heart, and as we have given in charge to our right reverend brother Gualier Bifliop of Rochijler, and to our faithful rhiUp our chancellor, Ralph of L-.fieux and John of Salijhury, « hom we have appointed to difpenfe our charity." While John of Salijhury was in the fervice of Richard, the Archbifhop, the dean, the chantor, and others of the clergy of the church of Chartres. arriving at Canterbury, etefted him their Eifhop on the zid of Jul), in the year 1176. He departed this life on the 24th of Oiflober, iiSt or z. \ Pelydcre l^irgil tells US, that Richard I. upon his landing in England, after vifiiing IVincheJler, came with all fpeed to Salijhury, where he was agreeably furprizcd with the great treafure of his father there repofited. Befides jewels, veft mcnts and plate, there were found ninety thoufand pounds in money ; an immenfe funi in thofe days. But this is not altogether incredible, fince we find that on the furrender ot the cafl'e of De'vizn in Wilijhire to King Stephen, there were found no lefs than 40,000 marks, befides an immenfe colleflion of gold, emboffed plate and gems, the property of Bifhop Roger. Riches indeed were never properly diffufed but by commeice ; and in thefe early periods of our hiftory, they feem to have centered in the king, the clergy, and the nobles. B 2 to 4 An Account -, in honour of the bleflfed virgin Mary, and for the fervice of the new church : afterwards the king went down wjth many of his nobles to the bifliop's palace, and were entertained. The Friday following, came hukc, the dean of St. Martinis, London, and Thomas Kent, clerks juftices, who brought the .iforei'aid text and offered it upon the altar of the new fabric, on the part oi Hubert de Burgh, then jullicc, and by the advice of the bifliop and the canons then An Account of Old Sarum, &'c, y then prefent, it was ordered to be delivered to the trcafurer to be kept, and that the dean and chapter fhould have one of the keys thereof. In the Nativity of our Lord following, the king and his juftice, Hubert de Burgh, came to Sarum on the day of the Holy InnocentSy and there the king offered one gold ring with a precious ftone, called a ruby, and one piece of filk, and one gold cup, of the weight of ten marks ; and when mafs was celebrated, the king told the dean, that he would have that ftone, which he had offered, and the gold of the ring, applied to adorn the text which the juftice had before given ; and then the juftice caufed the text, which he had before given, to be brought, and offered it with great devotion on the altar; and when this was done, they all came to the bilhop's palace, where they were honourably entertained. On the loth of Jj^w^ry following, William Lon^fpee, earl of Sarum, returned from Gaf- coigne, where he had refided almoft a twelvemonth with Richard the king's brother, for the defence of the city of Bourdeaux ; and the faid earl came that day after nine o'clock to Sarum, where he was received with great joy, with a proceflion from the new fabric-, and on the 7th of March following, he died at the caftle at Old Sarum, and was brought to New Sarum, with many tears and great lamentation, and the fame hour of the day on which he had been received with great joy there; on the 8th of March, he was honourably buried in the new church of the bleiled virgin; and at his funeral were the biftiops 0'^ Sarum, IViytcheJler, and fome from Ireland, and Earl IVtliiam Marjhal, and Earl Williara de Mandeville ; and barons, to wit, Robert Vieuxpont, Hugh de Gurney, and a great multitude of foldiers with them. (The account of his death is thus given by Stovj, in his chronicle, p. 180. " In the mean feafon, fays he, while the king at Marleborow recovered his ficknef% there came to him IVilliam de Longa Spata, baftard fon to king Henry the Second, that by gift of king Richard had married Ela, the daugiuer and heir of the earl of Salisbury, who, after long and dangerous travailcs on the feas, had, with much adoe, arrived in Corneal!. He, being joyfully received of the king, made a grievous complaint of the jufticiar Hubert de Burgo, becaufe, while he was in parts beyond the feas in the king's fervice, the faid jufticiar had fent a lewde man, of bale birth and evil race, to have committed fornication with his wife, and would by force have con crafted an adulterous marriage with her. He faid further, that except the king did throughly punifti the jufticiar for that faft, he himfclf, with difturbance to the v/hole realm, would feek to revenge it. " The jufticiar, being prefent, confeffed his fault, and with great horfes, and other coftly gifts, obtained the earl's favour; fo that he badde the faid earle to a dinner, in the which (as men thought) the earle, fecredy poyfoned, went to his caftle at Salifhury, where he lay ficke and dyed, and was buried in the new cathedral church of Neiv Salijbury, with this epitaph, " Flos comitum Culielmus abit, ftirps regia ; longus " Enfis vaginam c^pit habere brevem.") In the year 1226, in the feaft of Trinity, which was then the i8th of the calends of July, the bodies of three bifhops %vcre tranflated from the caftle of O.d Sarum to the new fabric, viz. the body of St. 0/mund the biftiop, the body of bifliop Roger, and the body of biftiop Joceline. Thus far proceeds the account or meinorial of pyniiam de IVenda, then precentor, af- terwards dean of Sarum, concerning the tranflation of the old church, and confecration of the new. This account he wrote in Latin, and the original, fairly prefcrved, is now in the muniment-houfe in the cathedral. But that which gave the finiftiing blow to Old Sarum, was the charter of Henry the Third, a tranftation of which follows, and the original under it. 8 An Account of Old Sarum, &c. The firjl charter of privileges and liberties granted by Henry III. to the church of New Sarefbury, " Henry, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and " u4quitain, and eari of Anglers, to all archbifhops, bifhops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, " fhcrifis, reeves, minifters, bailiffs, and to all his licgc fubjeds, greeting. *' Know ye, that we for the reverence and honour of God and of the biefTed virgin Mary, " and for the falvation of us, our anceftors, and heirs, have granted, and by this prefent charter " have confirmed to God and the -church of the blefled Mary, (the tranfladon of which from " our caftle of Sarefbury to a lower place we do ratify, and in the foundation of which church *' we have laid the firft (tone) and to the venerable father Richard biihop of the fame place *' and his fucceflbrs, and the canons of the fame church, and their men, all liberties, which " they have had in the times of our predeceflbrs, kings of England, in any places whatfoever " in our kingdom, by the charters of them our faid anceftors, or of others of our kingdom *' granted and confirmed to the faid church, bilhops and canons, as the charters of our pre- " deceflbrs and other benefaflors evidently teftify. "VVe will alfo, and grant for us, and our '• heirs, tiiat, that place which is called Nezv Sarefbury may be for ever a free city, inclofed *' with trenches, as is here under fet forth ; and that the citizens of the fame place, there " abiding, be quit throughout our land of toll, pontage, paflage, pedage, laftage, ftallage, " carriage, an.i all other cuftoms throughout our whjleland, for all their goods, which they {hall " caufe to be carried by land or by water-, and we do prohibit any one from vexing or difturb- " ing them, or their lands, or fervants, contrary to the liberty of our charter, under pain of " forfeiture at our will. And we do grant that the aforefaid citizens may have for ever all '* other liberties and difcharges throughout our whole land which our citizens of IVinchefier " have. We will alfo and grant to the bifliop aforefaid and his fucccfibrs, that they may -*' inclofe the city aforefaid with competent trenches, for fear of robbers ; and fo hold the " fame for ever as their proper domain, faving to us and our heirs the advowfon of the ".fame fee, and every other right, which in the fame, when vacant, we have and ought to " have, in like manner, as in other cathedral churches in our kingdom, being vacant ; noE- " withftanding it fliall not be lawful for the citizens aforefaid to give, or fell, or mortgage " their burgages, or tenements, which they have and fhall have in the fame city, to churches " or men of religion, v;ithout the licence and will of the biihop aforefaid, and his fucceflbrs. " Moreover, we grant to him the faid bifhop and his fucccllbrf, that, for the necefllties of " themfclves Prima charia frivilegiarum et liber; alum per Henrlcum tertium ur.njfa ccchjite ct cit/itali Novas Sarelberis. .Henricus, Dei gratia, rex AngJitc, doniinus Hibtrit'ie, dux No-maiii'T et .iijuitanire, et comes JnJega'vitt, archi- fpifcopis, cpiCccpis, abboiibus, priorlbus, comiiibus, baronibus, vicecomitibus, prepofiiis, miniftris, et omnibus, ballivis et fidelibus^uis, fjliitem. Sciatis Kos ob revereniiim ct honorem Dei, et beatx Maria Temper vlrginis, et pro fjlute noftra, et antecef- forum, ct liserediim noflrorum conceflifle, et prerenti charta confirmaiTe Deo et ecclefia; beats. il/ar;^«^/; conftabularium, clericum, precentor, canceilar, archidiacon, thefaurar, cancellar dioces, Lauirent. Hyde, Johim Lowe, ac duas alias ejus modiperfanas in legibus Angiia: erudit. qui in pofterum per cpifcopum praedidtum, aut decjnum et capitulum ecclcfias pr.-EoiciK pro tempore exiften. de tempore in tempus eligentur, et appuncfu^buntur, fore concilium in legibus y/«^/;«c eruditum ejufdem ecclcfine, vel eorum alter unum effe volumus plenam habeant potcftarcm ct authoritatem ad inquirend. de quibufcunque murderis, feloniis, tranfgreflionibus, mifprifionibus, male- faiffis, & aliis inferioribus delictis, defecfibus et articulis infra ecclefum prsdiiffam et infra fcpt. fcit ambit, circuit, precinct, muros et claus, llratum et manfiones praediclas necnon infra gindhaldnam et gaoluin 12 An Account of Old Sarum, ^c, « Ciid i and alfo within the guildhall and jail aforefaid done, moved, or perpetrated or her(V " after to be done, moved or perpetrated, which before our keepers and juiUces of the peace- « within the city of Sarum, or county of Wilts, there happening that can or may be in* « quired into by julfices of the peace, to hear and determine all and fingu- " lar thcfe matters. And we farther will and grant, by thefe prefents for us, our " heirs and fuccelTors, to the aforefaid biihop of Sarum and his fuccedbrs, that « it fliall and may be fully lawful for the above-mentioned bidiop, dean and chapter, " bailifTof the bifhop, and deputy of the fame baihff, conftable, and deputy of the- *' fame conftable, and clerk of the courts, and deputy of the fame cl;rk, precentor, *' chancellor, archdeacon, treafurer, chancellor of the biihop, refidentiary canons and the " two above-mentioned perfons council learned in the laws of England, for the aforefaid "*' church for the time being, or other two or more of them, of wliom the aforefaid " bifliop of Sarwm, dean bailiff, conftable, clerk of the courts, precentor, chancellor, " archdeacon, treafurer, chancellor of the. biftiop, and the two aforefaid perfons council " learned in the laws of England for the faid church for the time being, or one or *' eiiherof them we will to be one always at the general fefTions of- the peace of us our heirs- " and fucce(r)rs within the inclofures, fcite, compafs, circuit, precincft, walls, clofe and ftrects " and i-nanfions aforefaid, alfo within the guildhall and jail aforefaid, certainly and per- " petually to have, hold, and exercife ; and every thing appertaining "to tlie aforefaid *'• creneral fefTions of the peace, by their officers and minifters can or may do and- *« execute in as ample and in the like manner and form as other juftices of the peace of '5 our heirs and fucceflbrs, only in the aforefaid city of Sarum or county of Wilts *' in the general fefTions of the peace of our heirs and fucceflbrs can or ought' *' to have, hold, keep and exercife. And that all and every fort of procefles, ** indiiflments, profecunons, entries, pleas, judgments, executions, trials, and what- *' foever things are done, profecu:ed, tried, heard and determined before the aforefaid bi- " fliop, dean, chief bailiff, bilhap's bailiff and deputy of the fame bailiff, conftable and- " deputy of the fame conflable, and clerk of the courts, and deputy of the fame clerk, " precentor, chancellor, archdeacon, treafurer, chancellor of the bifhop, refidentiary .«' canons and the two aforefaid perfons of the aforementioned council for the church for " the gaolam predict. faiSt. mot. five perperrat. feu in pnfterum fi;nd- movend, five perpetrand. quae coram cuftod. et julHciar pacis infra civicatem Sarum five in comitatu IVtlu, ibidem contingend. ut j'lfbitiar pacis inquiri poteiint autdebent; et ad ea omnia ct ftngula audiend. et tern-iin-ind. et ulterius volu- mus, ac per prsl'entes pro nobis haredibus et fuccelfiribus noftris concedimus, prasfato epifcopo Sarum, et fuccefToribus fuis, quod bene liceat et liccbit praediiElo epifcopo, decano et capitulo, baljivo, ballivo epifcopi et deputat ejufdem ballivi, conftubulaiio et deputat ejufdem conftabularii, et clerico cur, et depu- tato ejufdem clerici, precentor, cancellar, archidiacono, tinefaurar, cancellar epi, canon refident. et pre- diclis duabus perfonis de concilio in legibus /f/jj-//,* erudito ecclefiae prasdicix pro tempore exiften. vel aliquibus duobus vel pluribus eorum quorum prrediiS epum. Sarum, ballivum, dccanum, conftabularium, clericum curiarum, prccentorcm, cancellarium, arcliidiaconum, thcfaurarium, cancellarium cpi. et prsdictas duas perfonas de concilio in legibus An^lire enidito ecciefine prE- difla; pro tempore exiften, vel eorum alterum femper unum effe volumus general feffion noilr hsre- , dum et fucceilbrum noftrorum ad pacem infra fept. fcit. ambit, circuit, precinit. muros. clans et \)^j_ ftratum et- manlioncs prneditt necnon infra ^haldam et gaolam prasd. de certo in perpetuum habere, tencre, cuftodire et exercere ac omnw ad dictam gcncralcm feflioncm pacis pertinentia per viros. et alios ofEciarios et miniitros fms ibim. facerect exequi poflint et vakant in ta-n amplis et confimilibus modoct forma, prout aliquijuftitiar noftror li.-ercdum ct fuccelForum noftrorum ad pacem tantum in pra- diifta civitate Sa'um, aut co.nitatu ll^llts gstieral fe:Ro:i pacis nollrnr- hreredum et fuccefr)rum noftrorum ■ habere, tenere, cuftodire ct exercere poflint aut debeant. Et q-,iod omnia et omni mod procellus in- dictamenta, profjcution-is, intrationes, placita, feft, cxitus, judicia, executi :)nes, triationcs et quscun- que fact, profeciit. triat. audit, et deterniinat. coram pr.-B.liito epifcopo, decano capital ballivo, bal- iivo epi. et deputat ejulJcm ballivi, conilabulario et deputat cjulUcm conftabulaj-ii et cknco curiarum- An Account of Old Sarum, ^c, 1% the time being, or other two or more of them, of whom the aforefaid bilhop, dean, bailiff, conftable, clerk of the courts, precentor, chancellor, archdeacon, treafurer, chancellor of the bilhop and the aforefaid perfons, council for the abovementioned church for the time being, we will always to be one, in the aforementioned feffions of the peace or by any of their officers or miniffers towards all and every perfon or perfons within the inclofiires, fcite, compafs, circuit, precind, walls and clofe, ftreets and rnan- fions aforefaid, for or concerning any caufe or matter within the aforefaid church, inclo- fures, fcite, compafs, circuit, precinifl, walls and clofe, ftreets and man fions aforefaid, and within the guildhall and jail aforefaid, may and fhall be determinable, be and fhall be of like power in effed: in law in all refpeds, purpofes, intentions and conftruftions, of fuch and like nature as procefles, indidmeuts, profecutions, pleadings, iffues, trials, judgments, execudons and other matters, profecuted, heard, tried or pleaded before any of our jufti- ces of the peace, or of our heirs or fucceffors, within the city of Sarum abovementioned, or county oi JVilts ought or are accuftomed to be. We farther will and by thefe pre- fents for us our heirs and fucceffors of our more ample and efpecial grace and certain knowledge and mere motion grant and command that no juffice of the peace of us our heirs and fucceffors of our county of JVilts or city of Sarum may by any means enter or intrude into the aforefaid church, inclofures, fcite, compafs, circuit, precinift, walls or dole aforefaid or ftreets, or dwellings abovementioned, in refped to any thing thatcori' cerns the office of juftice of the peace or juflices for murders, felonies, tranfgreffions or other offences there happening, done or perpetrated. And we farther of our more am- ple and efpecial grace and certain knowledge and mere motion, for us, our heirs and fuc- ceflbrs, give and grant to the aforefaid bifliop of Sarum and his fucceffors the epifcopal chair being full, and to the dean and chapter of the aforefaid cathedral church and their fucceffors, the fame epifcopal chair being vacant all and fingular fines, if^lies, amercia- ments, recognizances, forfeitures of recognizances before any of the fame juflices of the ct deputato ejufil. ckrici, precentor, cancellar, archidiacono, thefaurnrio, cancellario epifcopi, canon refident et praediclis duabus perfonis de concilio ecclefia prasdicto pro tempore exiften. aut aliquibns duobus vel pluribus eorum quorum praedici:. epifcopum, decanura, ball, conflabularium, clericum cu- , riarum, precentor, cancellarium, archidiaconum, thcfaurar, cancellarium epifcopi et pr^di *' be of the council oi the fame church, to continue in that office during the pleafure of " the.- cis fuperius per praefentes conftitut. et appundtuat. virtute praefentium abfque aliquo alio warranto vel commifioiie de nobis hsredibus vel fuccefforibus noftris quoquo modo in pofterum impetrand. fue pro- fequsn. Et ulterius volumus ac per praefentes pro nobis, hseredibus et fuccefToribus noftris concedi- mus prasfat. epifcopo Sarum, et fucceflbribus fuis ac decano et capitulo di<3«e ecclefise cathedralis, et fuc- cefToribus fuis quod ballivus epifcopi Sarum, pro tempore exiftens et deputat ejufdem ballivi pro tem- pore exiflen.habeant et habebunt pleiiam executionem omnium warrantorum, et prasceptorum jufti- ciar pacis fuperius. per praffentes conftitut et appuncluat tarn pro fumonition fefs prcedquam omnia al- mindat et warrant qjscunq. Quare volumus ac per prsfentes pro nobis haeredibus et lucceiTbribus ■ nollris praecipimus et mandamus praed ballivo epi. et deputat ejufd. ballivi, necnon omnibus allis of-- ficiariis epi Sarum prsd. et praed. ecclefiae quod ipfi et eorum quilibet Imt et erunt, fit et erit de tempore in tempus in perpetuum atten. in et fuper eofdem julticiarios in prasd. fefllon pacis ac aliter, . in executione offic. jufticiar, pacis in coiifimilibus et tarn diligentibus, modo et forma piout hujuf- modi officiarii, aut vicecom. comitatus *^V//j. prs. in et fup jufliciarios, noftros ad aflis. pro eodem comitatu aflignat faciunt aut facere debent. Volumus etiam ac per prjefentes pro nobis haeredi- bus et fuccefToribus noftris de ampliori gratia noftra fpeciali ac ex certa Icientia et mero motu noflris concedimus praefato epifcopo Scz/w et fuccefToribus fuis quod poft mortem dicli comitis hiorikampton, modo conrtabularii dicfje ecclefiie ipfe praefatus epifcopus Sarum et fuccefTores fui plenam liberam et licitam poteftatem et facultatem h^.beant eligendi nominandi et quod eligere et noniinare pofTiiit et >aleant de tempore in tempus in perpetuum uiium virum diicretuni in legibus A>iglite eruditum fore ct. 1.5 An Account of Old Sariim, ^c. " the blHiop of Snrum^ and the dean and chapter of the fame cathedral church of Sa- " rum tor the time being. And we farther will, and by thefe prefents, for us, our heirs " and fuccefTors, give and grant to the aforelaid bidiop of Sarum and his fucceflbrs, full, " free, and lawful power and authority, to have and poflefs within the city of Sarum, his " gaol or prifon in the aforefaid city now being, for keeping and impritbning prifoners " Therein from time to time for the above caufes, until they be dilcharged and delivered from " thence by due courfe of law : alio to make, have, and keep another gaol or prifon with- " in the fcite, circuit, compafs, precindl, walls, and clofe aforefaid, at the pleafure of the " bifliop of Sarum and his fucceflbrs for the time being, to retain and impriibn therein, as " is afore declared, prilbners for the aforefaid caufes, until they be delivered frcm thence by " due courfe of law. We will alfo, and by thefe prefents for us, our heirs and fucceflbrs, " grant to the aforefaid billiop of Sarum and his fucceflbrs, and the dean and chapter of " the fakl cathedral church and his fucceflors, that it may and fliall be fully lawful ior " the aforefaid bifliop of S.7rum for the time being and his fucceflbrs, and the dean and " other juftices of the peace, as above by thefe prefents conflituted and appointed, to " have, hold, and keep the fefllons of the peace aforefaid, in and without the hall of the *' bifliop aforefaid, called the guillhall, within the city of Sarum ufjrefaid, or within the " clofe aforefaid, limits or precinfls of the fame: alio by themlelves or their officers, " to make ufe of the pillorys and flocks, now being within the precinfts of the fame city, " for the imprifoning and punifliing of malefactors, and alfo to ufe gallows antiently e- " re(fted upon the bifliop of Snrum's land called the bifliop's down, in and near the city " of Sa-i'um aforefaid, and within the clofe aforefaid, limits or precinft of the fame, to " ere<5t from time to time certain other gallows to hang felons, robbers, and other con- " demned perfons thereon, and certain other pillories and flocks, for the punifli- " ment and correftion of malefadtors and delinquents at tlie pleafure of the fame biihop, " as it fliall feem good to the fame bifliop and his fuccefTors, and other the juftices of ■*'• the peace as above by thefe prefents appointed. We will alfo by thefe prefents, for us, " our effe deputat. conftabulaiii ecclcfiae prsed. continuand. in eodem officio deputaC conftabular ecclefiae praed. durante bene placito cpifcopi 5(7»7/ot pro tempore exiften : quodque fimiliter epas Sa>u/n protem- pore exUlens et fucceffor fui necnon decanus et capitul ecirlefias cathedral ifij-aw praediift et fucceflbres fui pro tempore exiften plenam libiram et licitam pnteftatem habeant eligeiidi et n 'miiiandi et quod cligcre et nominare poffint et valeant de tempore in tempus in perpetuum duos viros dii'cretos ac in legi- bus y^/To-//-* eruditos fore et efle deconcilio ejufdem ecclefla; continuand. in officio illo durante bene placito epi. iS^- am et decani et capituli ejuTJ. ecc\ef\x Smum pro tcinpore exiften. Et ulterius vo ■ iumus ac per prrefentes pro nobis hEredibus et fucc; ftbribus noflris damus et concedimus prjefato epif- copo 5aj7(« et fucccfforibus fuis plenam, liberam et liciiam, iicentiam, poteflatem et authoritatem infra cjvitatem Sarum habend et tenend. gaolam five prifonam fu.jm in civitate pradiiSla modo exiften pro pri- fonar ex. caufis praedifl. in eadem de tempore in tempus retinend. et incarceranj. quoufq. per debitum Jegifcurlum abinde dimittantur et deliberentur. Necnon faciend. exigend. tenend. et habend aliam five alteram gaolam five prifonam intra fcit, circuit, ambit, precin£^, muros et claus pr.tdicl ad bene placi- tu.m epi 5(2r«7« ec fucceftbrum fuorum pro tempore exiften ad prifonarex ciuils praed. ut pra^fertur in e-idem de tempore in tempus retinend et incarcerand quofque fecuiidum dcbitum legis curf 'm abinde de- lijy from the faid bilhop, or his fucoefibrs, or from the canons of the did church for the time being, of the liberties ■to them granted by the charters of our pretlecelTors Kings of England and other donors ; all thefc things aforefaid, we have granted to the biihop, often before mentioned, and his fuccelTors, the canons and citizens abovefaid, faving the liberties of our city of London ; wherefore we will and ftrictly command, that the aforefaid bifhop and his fuccefTors, the canons and citizens of the fame city, may have and hold for ever all the afoiefaid liberties and free cufloms and difcharges amply, peaceably, freely, entirely and honourably in all matters and places throughout our whole land as is aforefaid. Thefe perfons being v.'itnefTes, Eufbce of London, Peter of Wincheller, Joceline of Bath, Bifhops ; Hubert de Burgh, our JlillicJ, Gilbtith de Clare, earl of Gloucel^er and Hertford, Richard of Argenton, Ralph Fitz- Nichol, our fc.iechal, Henry Chappell. Dated by the hand of the venerable father Ralph biihop of Chicheftcr, oar Chancellor, at Wellminfter, the 30th day of January, in the ele- venth year of our reign. HENRY Copies of Afttient Charters^ ^c. 2i HENRY, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Acquitaine, Earlof Anjou. To all archbilhops, bifhops, i8th P"eb. J238. earls, barons, juftices, iheriffs, and to all bailiffs, minifiers, and to his faithful people, greeting. We have viewed the deed of the Reverend Father Robert Robert Bingham, bilhop of Sarum in thefe words : To all the children of our holy mother the church, to whom this prefent writing fliall come, Robert, an humble miniilcr of the church of Sarum, in the divine minillr)', greeting, in our Lord God everlafting.. We will that you know generally that we (willing to commit the benefit, godly niTd laudable thing done to our Reverend predeceflbr Richr.rd, late bifhop of Sarum, and to his fucceflbrs, by the renowned Henry King of England, the fon of King John) of the amerciaments of tlie !:tion) and to be compelled by the ftewaid or bai- liff aforefaid fo to do, by reafonable dhtrefles, until fatisfaction Ihall be made ; and that after the removal of fuch perfons other ht perfons, by the like eleclion, be fubicituted under the aforefaid obligation, diftreis and peril. Provided that whereas among fuch minifters tliere ought to be two who are commonly called fervitors (ferje;mts) of the city, the bifliop may have a third if he plcafes, v^ho fuperintending the others, ihall and may execute fuch things- as efpecially concern the laid bithop, that is to fay the collection of amerciaments, when the bilhop fnall pleafe, at his oivn coil, for whom or whofe offence in h^s office the faid commonalty (hail not be bound to anfwer in any thing. 4. Alfo, that we and our fellow citizens, our heirs or afiigns, be not bound or compelled to come Or do fjit above twice in tlie year at the court of ih.- laid lord bilhop, which is called view of frankpledge, unlefs it happens that the writ of ot-r lord the King is there depending, or pk-a is held of and con- cerning priioners, or any other matter touching tlie peace of our lord the King, be tranfacied in the court aforefaid, and where the mayor, or other miniikrs, who are bound to ccme to the court aforefaid from 15 days to 15 days, will not or cannot proceed in fuch picas and other matters, and give judgm.ent thereupon with effefi, in which cafes not only the mayor and minifters aforefaid, biit we and our fellow citizens, who (hall be refidcnt are bound to come to give judgment and do what is incumbent thereon ; and if we fliall not fo coivie fo to do, let us be diftrained and al- fo puniftied. 5. Alfo, that thofe picas, which by their nature have been accuftomed to be and cm Ve plead- ed in the faid court, be from henceforth pleaded there as they u!ed to be, and as that liberty v>hich is greatly to be wifned for, demandeth and requireth. 6. Alfo, that thofe teltaments in which it Ihall happen that any tenements are bequeathed, be exhibited in the court aforefaid before the legatees take feifine thereof, that {o it may appear that by any legacies any tenement rriay not come into mortmain, nor be any manner of way charg- ed by fuch legacy or teftamcnt with any annual payment, which is the fame thing in effect. 7. Alfo that no return of any writ be required from the bailiff or others, but only a precept. 8. That the lord bilhop abovefaid, for the receiver whom he (hall depute to receive the dues of our lord the King, flta'l ftand charged for thofe things which the faid receiver Ihall receive. 9. Alfo that it fhall and may be lawful for us, oar felhw citizens, our and their heirs and affigns, to have wliat attorney he pleafes, and when he pleafes, in fairs and markets, to claim, main- tain and defend the liberties aforefaid, but not for the carrying on any fuits in the courts of our lord the King, witlKJUt the ccnftnt of the faid loid bilh.op for the time being, his fteward w bai- liff, or at leaft his attomty or attornies, whom he (hall then have in the court afo-'^efa id. ic. Alfo, that as well in pie. s of trefpafs, as alfo contracts and perfcnal aciions, where one party is an inhabitant rnd the other a firanger, whether the inhabitsnt be a plaintiff cr defendant, that, for, the future, the fuits be carried on arid judgment given and execution awarded with the lam.e dilpatch and in the manner and form which iliey ought and ufed to be where buih parlies ■{hall be ftrangers, which are commonly called /<£• pcudrous. II. a;- 30 Copies of Ajilknt Charters^ Wc. 11. Alfo, that with refpec^ to the affize of bread, wine and ale, that right be done according to the law of the crown and cuftom of the kingdom. 12. Alfo, that all pledges and dirtrefies whatfoever, as well for the dues of our lord the King, as alio of the laid lord bilh.op, be immediately delivered by the takers of the fame to the mayor, and by him exhibited in the court next following, and then there appraifed and inrolled with their value, and delivered back to the mayor in the next following court to be fold, if before that court, or at the lalt, fatistadtion (hall not be made for the fame, or if buyers Ihall not be found then or before, to be delivered to the receivers by the bilhop in this behalf appointed, if the fame receivers will take them according to the price appraiftd at in payment, or to them who appraifed the fame, if the receivers (hould rather choofc this, which appraifors mull anfwer to the lord and others for the aforefaid appraifcinent of the pledges before-mentioned. 13. Alfo, that if for the dues of our lord the King, or rent, or other matters, within the faid coi:: t :u another time by any one traverfed and adju--!ged to any one, no diftrefs can be found unlefs perhaps under lock, then immediately the conllables, or other minifters who fhalt be deputed to le- vy fuch rents and dues, Ihall feal up fuch locks, and in the prefence of the ferjeants, aldermen, and other credible perlbns, who being by them called, are bound to come for this purpofe, (hall after- wards open the faid locks, and take reafonable diftrefles, if fuch (hall be found, and deliver the fame to the mayor, that therefrom may be levied what Ihall be due, as is above fpecified more fully concerning the felling pledges taken. 14. AKo, when for the imminent neceflity of the city of Sarum aforefaid, there is occafion to make a common colledlion, we will be bound to give notice thereot to the (Reward, or, in his ab- fence, to the baii?!?", to be picfent, if they will, or at leaft to fend the clerk of the manor for this pui-pofe, and before we (ball do any thing in this behalf, to wait for them three days, and when they come, to proceed with their confent to tax and levy fuch colledtion ; but if they having notice before hand, and being expefted, fhall not come, that then, after the laid three dap are to- tally elapfed, the mayor for the time being and the minillers may proceed in this behalf, provided that whether the lleward, bailiff, or clerk aforefaid, Co having notice before hand and expected, be 4)iefent or abfent, always in proceeding, the following fo-aii (hall be obferv'ed, viz. the commonalty being called bv the ufual proclamation out of every ward, there fhall be chofen by the aldermen who (hall fo be met together, four honell men of diveric conditions or oitices, who are likely to know the ellate and property of the reft, who alfo in their prefence of their electors fhall fwear that of their cer- tain knowledge, Iparing no one, they will tax e\ery one faithfully to the bell of thier knowledge, and will levy the taxes as the occafions before-mentioned (hall require, and that they will faithfully ac- count for the fame when they Ihall be required ; but the aiTelTors themfelves (hall be taxed by four other credible perlons of the ward aforefaid, to be chofen and (worn in the like manner, and upon the fame taxations a triplicate roll (hall be made, one of which (hall remain with thofe alTellbrs, and another with the mayor, and a third fliall be delivered to the llevvard, orbailitf, or clerk aforefaid, that they may know what, from whom, and for what realbn it (hall Ije demanded or levied, and ^o juftice to the complainant in this behalf, if there fliall be any fuch ; but tlxe alTelTors and collectors aforefaid, and the others who (hall direct the laying out the fame colle(5tion, lliall be bound to ren- der an account before other twelve credible men, to be chofen for this purpofe by the faid com- monalty, in the prefence of the flcward, bailiff, or clerk aforefaid, if having notice as above they (hall choofc to be prefent, viz. what and of whom they have received, and how and in what manner what was fo received hath been expended : provided, that when the occafion of making fuch tax (hall be commonly approved of, and the method aforefaid of proceeding in this behalf duly ob- fcrved, the (leward, bailiff, or clerk aforefaid, (hall not attempt any manner of vjay to hinder fuch tax abovelaid, (lince it mull be upon our goods and not others) nor to forbid any particular perfon whatlbever by entreaty, reward, favour, or any pretence whatfoever, fo that fuch taxation, accord- ing to the quantity which the aforefaid a(re(Tors, being fworn, (hall think fit to be alTelTed, from being taxed and levied upon any perfon whatfoever. 15. Alfo, that the common feal of the city aforefaid be kept under three keys for the future, one of which (hall be delivered to one of the citizens on the part of the faid lord bilhop, and the two others to two citizens on the part of the faid commonalty, to be chofen for this purpofe, and (hall be faithfully kept in the common chert, together with the goods of felons and the re- gider, which the citizais call donins dei. 16. Alfo» Copies of Antieiit Charter Sy Mc. 3 r 16. Alfo with rcfpeiri: to the places or ftalls in the market, that no one prefume from hence- forth to occupy any of them any manner of way, without the licence of the fteward or baihfF, and the good-will of the lord, and the delivery of fuch place or llall to him or them thereupon efpecially to be made. 17. Alfo the abovefaid our lord bifliop Simon, promifes for himfelf, of his efpecial grace, to fuperfede the demand of toll in the faid city to be levied upon the citizens of the place, fo long as we and our fellow citizens (hall beliave ourfelves reverently and devoutly to him and his churcli, but fo that by fuch promife or fuperfeding no prejudice do arife to his church abovefaid, himfelf, or his luccelfors, in any time to come, and lo iliat no immunity or contradiction do arife or come to us or our fellow citizens aforefaid, henceforth, and fo that fuch toll may be demanded and levied when it (hall be feen expedient, as freely as tho' fuch fuperfeding or favour had not been made or done by the faid Simon lord bilhop ; and this grace and fuperfeding is granted only to thofe who, before the making of thefe prefents, came before the above(aid Mr." Walter, (depu- ted for this purpofe by the fame our lord bi(hop, efpecially by his letters patent, the tenor of which is hereunder contained) and fubmitted themfelves to our faid lord and his ordinance, fo as aforefaid more fully is expreffed, whofe names are written in a fchedule annexed to thefe- prefents. 1 8. Alfo, that no one hencefortii be put in feilm of any tenement but in full court ; but the title of the demandant being there read, the demifor (hall yield up to the lord his right, and the demandant (hall immediately receive the fame from the lleward or bailiff, and having taken an oath of fidelity to the lord, fliall be put by the mayor and minifters into feifm and corporal pofleffion of the tenements fo demanded. 19. Alfo, that before the clock hath (iruck one at the cathedral church of Sarum, no perfon, of what("oever condition he be, (hall, by any colour, methoil, art, or contrivance, buy, or caufe to be bought, any fle(h or ti(h, or other vicluals, which henceforth fliall be brought to the faid city, by himfelf or any intermediate perfon, to fell the faine again, upon that or any other fol- lowing day ; but all fuch victuals aforefaid Ihall remain to be bought as well by the faid lord bifhop, as alfo the canons of the place and others, inhabitants and Ifrargers, fuch buyings en- tirely ceafing, and fuch buyers, who are commonly called regrators, from the time of the making of thefe prefents for ever totally ceafing till the faid hour is fo pafled ; and the thing wliich (hall be bought contrary to the premifes, of whatfoever quantity or quality, it fhall be'immediatcly, as foon as this fhall happen to be found out by evidence of the fa£f, or any other juft manner, taken and carried to the court of the faid lord bidiop as forfeited, and be Iield by the bifnop as forfeited by fuch buyers ; neverthelefs fuch buyers to be grievoufly amerced at the following court, who alfo, after they fliall have been three times fo taken and convicted, fhall be prohibited the privilege of buying in the faid city for a time, (if they fliall be citizens) other- wife for ever, under a certain penalty ; and they alfo who fliall be found to be their abettors or Hiaintainers, ihall be punifhed with the like penalty. Upon all which things befides this there (hall alfo be diligent enquiry made twice in the year, in the view of frankpledge, among other ufual articles ; and there fhall be done what is juft concerning them who fhall then be found guilty, all favour and any proteiffion whatfoever being fet afide in all things, under the like penalty to be incurred ipfo fadto. And concerning thofe, who, for the caufe aforefaid, go out into the crofs roads to meet butchers, tiihenrien, or others, carrying any vivffuals whatfoever, (whether they are foreftallers or known by any other name whatfoever) and buy the vivSuals which were carrying to the city aforefaid, to fell the fame again as in tlie former cafe, and alfo their abettors and maintain- ers, it (hall be done in all things as is before fpecified, concerning regrators and tlicir abettors, moreover concerning thofe who among the buyers of vidfuals, pretend that they are-purveyors of citizens, or others, and by agreement or confederacy between themfelves and the fervants of thofe whofe purveyors they call theinfelves, before the hour aforefaid is paffed, buy, ftop, or take fome- what more than that which is neceffary for him -whofe purve)'or or fervant he is, and fend, or adtu- ally direct, it to be fent to his houfe, that (the hour aforefaid being palTed) they may fell again, or- otherwife difpofe of tlie furplufage of the tilings fo bough.t, and tlieir aiders, maintainers and abet- tors, laying afide all favour, it fliall be done to them in all things as is above-mentioned ; nor Iliall fuch provifion be made by thofe purveyors, unlefs in the prefence of fome fervant of the perfon frqra whoi-n fuch provifion Ihajl be to be made. Likewife the fervants of. the canons ate to take- care:: 32 Copies of Antwit Charters^ Wc. care left any frr.ud be done in this behalf by them or others, in the name of their mafters, with the confcnt or knowledge of the faid fervants ; but they may buy freely and when they fee fitting whatfoever and as much ss fliall be neceflary for their mafters, and they have a mind actually to carry to their houfes ; but if of the things bought by them, or liopped under the name of their mailers, any thing Ihall be left in the city without the clofe of the canons, concealed or delivered to any one to be fold again by the fame fervants, or others, what was fo ftopped and concealed, when the matter ihall be found clear and what was fo left taken, fliall be forfeited ; and the pur- veyor who fliall do, or confent to fuch things, if he be a continual inh.abitant in the city out of the clofe of thecanons aforefaid, fliall lie under the penalties above-mentioned ; but if fuch delinquent be a fcrvant and domcllic of any canon, then the pcrfonal punilhment of the fame (in the honour of the church) ihall be left to his maftcr the canon. 20. Alio, that iilii which Ihall be brought late in the evening to be folJ, Ihall be carried in the morning entire and all together to the l^all where it Ihould be fold. 21. Alfo, that ii(h brought from tiic morning till one o'clock into the city aforefaid, fliall be carried immediately and entirely to the Itall to be ibid. 22. Alfo, that it ihall he fold by him who brought it, and not by any perfon fubftituted, and this after the fun is rifen and not before ; and that the fiih brought otherwife, or received or expofed to fale in any other place, fliall be forfeited. 23. Alfo, that from the morning till one o'clock, as well in buying victuals of any kind whatfo- ever, as alio in things necelTary for the houl'e, viz. lire-wood, bruih-wood, turves, and the like, if the fervants of the lord bilhop, the canons and citizens, meet together on this occafion, the in- feriors Ihall give place to the fuperiors in buying till the hour aforefaid, fo and in fuch order as by the charter of our lord the king the liberties whic'n they polTei's have been obtained. 24. Alfo, in giving the alFize of bread (which henceforth Ihall be given every week by the mayor and bailiff jointly, when they fliall be both prefent, otherwiie by either of them when the oriier Ihall be abient) nothing fliall be demanded, given, or even received. 25. Alfo for the allize of r.Je broken (retailed) the delinquent Ihall be amerced ; when ihey are to be amerced according to the quantity of the offence. 26. Alfo, that the fergeants, or other miniflers whatfoever, ihall not make collei5tions in the market, they Ihall take or extort from no one againfl his will, corn, wares, fielh, or iilh ; but they may accept what is offered them, which conlills in victuals, when it ihall be offered them •willingly. 27. Alfo when a hulhand and wife claim any tenement in the city aforefaid, and the hulband dies, the wife furviving, the wife ihall have thereof her irtt bench as long as flie lives, but if ihe marries another husband and Ihe afterwards dies, the fecond husband furviving then, that fecond husband immediately after the death of his wife fliall be obliged to demife the faid tenement to the right heirs, and when the hulband and wife likewife claim the te.'ieinent, and the wife dying, that hulhand living marries a fecond wife and then dies, that fecond wife immediately after the death of the faid hulband Ihall be obliged to demife fuch tenement, unlels it ihall happen that the fame ihall be devifcd to her by her hulband for her life or for ever. 28. Alfo, from the time of the making of ihefe prefents there fliall be in the city aforefaid a gild of inerchants, in wliich thenceforth are mcluded as fubject and devoted to the faid lord bifliop and the bailiff aforefaid, all and every who before the making of thefe prelents have humbly fubmitted to the fame lord bilhop, and have on this occafion appeared before the abovefaid Mr. Walter, depu- ted by the abovefaid lord bilhop as aforefaid for this purpofe, and have promifed that they will obey the ordinance of the fame lord bilhop, whofe names are v/ritten in a colateral fchedule by the fame Mr. Walter as is aforefaid, but from henceforth only they fliall participate of the faid gild and the liberties obtained, who by the faid lord bilhop, his fucceffors, the mayor of the city for the time be- ing, Hull happen to be thereunto admitted, but in the future emoluments which will and may hap- pen in the adm.ilfions aforefaid, the fame Ihall be divided into four parts, whereof the faid lord bi- lhop Ihall have two, the mayor and bailiit a third equally, and the commonalty aforefaid a fourth, but they who have renounced the liberties aforefaid, and before the making of thefe prefents have fubmitted themfelvcs to the lord, though they do not exercife any public oifice in the faid city upon this occafion, and perhaps are not admitted to the common tranfadiions of thefe matters, yet they may be in the faid gild and enjoy the liberties aforefaid, by reafon of their fubmiffion aforefaid, but the Copies of A?ttie7it Charters^ &'c, 33 the reft who have made the renunciation aforefaid, and before the making of thefe prefents have in no wife eftablilhed themfehes with the faid lord bifhop, (hall, during the revolt, be utterly fe- parated and removed from fuch tranfadions, from all bargains, contraiEts, and merchandizes whatfoever, and from couivcils and public offices in the city itfelf, and from our commonalty. And all and Angular thefe articles, we do promife that we, all, and every one of us, our heirs and fucceffors, fo far as they concern us, will faithfully and entirely obferve and keep for the time to come for ever; willing, granting, and by the tenor of thefe prefents binding ourfclves, our heirs and fucceffors, that if (which God forbid) it fliall happen that the mayor of the city aforefaid, who fhall be for the time being, the commonalty of the place, do oppofe the promifes^ or not obferve the faid articles, or any of them as they are regulated in any rcfpedt, our lord the biihop for tlac time being Ihall take, levy and have of our common goods, without any contradiftion what- foever, a hundred fhillings fterling, within a month from the time that this (hall happen, as of- ten as we or they Ihall be found not to obferve the faid articles, or any of them, or to oppofe the fame, or any of them, in any refpedl: but if any particular perfon amongft us fliall be found culpable in this behalf, we will, to the befl: of our power, caufe him to appear before our lord aforefaid, that he may take a reafonable fatisfadtion for the offences committed, and if he will not be fo brought to appear, we will expel him, and hold him as expelled from our commonalty and all tranfaclions whatfoever as aforefaid, fo long as he ffiall perfirt in being fo rebellious, and fhall not make fatisfadion to our lord in the manner as is above fet forth. And all and fmsular the premifes we do make known and declare to all men by thefe prefents. The THE privileges granted by the firfl of thefe charters, particularly that of re- moving the bridges and turning the highv/ays to New Salifbur)-, " whereby a mayn bridge of right paflage was made over Avon at Harnham, were, according to In- land, the total caufe of the ruin of Old Sarefbyri and Wiltoun, For afore this, Wiltoun had twelve paroch churches or more, and was the hedde town of Wilefhir," and gave title to, and had been fometimes the place of refidence of the bifliops. The fame antiqiiariaii obferves, that the place now called " Harnham-bridge was a village long afore the erection of New Sarefbyri •, and there was a church of St. Martin longging to it. And mere ftandeth now, fays he, of the remain of the old church of St. Martin a barne in a very low meadow on the north fide of St. Nicholas' hofpital." V. Harrifon's defcrip- tion of Britaine, fol. 52. Tlie original property of the caftle at Old Sarum, and of the free chapel within it, (for fuch a free chapel there was before any cathedral church was there built) was veiled, not in the earl or bifhop, but in the king. This is placed beyond difpute by many of the bell hiltorians, who have written of thole times, and whofe writings are yet extant. But as this point has been heretofore controverted, it may not be amifs to lay together the evidences which fupport it ; and the rather as thofe evidences contain many curious and hiftorical matters of fa6l relating to the premifes under confideration. A confiderable part of thefe are extrafted from a fcarce and valuable treatife, entitled, A vindication of the king's Ibvereign rights, &c. taken notice of in Wood's Athen.-E Oxonienfes, vol. 2, p. 629, and there afcribed to Dr. Thomas Pierce, dean of Sarum. In this work are many pailiges of hiilory, no where elfe to be met with now, and in it is difplayed a large ilock of learning and a proportionable tafle of Englifli antiquities. In the firft place, it is manifeft from William of Malmfbury *, that the faid caftle was the peculium of the king, and ftood upon the king's foil. His words are very exprefs to this purpofe. Cajiellum S.ilefieri^ regit juris proprium erat. It is further apparent from the fame, and from other ancient authors of greateft note and moft eftablifhed charafter, fuch as Eadmerus, Florentius Wigornienlis, Roger Hove- den, Simeon Dunelmenfis, (writers all fuperior to Matthew Paris in point of antiquity) and from this laft-mentioned author himfelf, and feveral others, that the faid caftle was a place of uiiial refort for the kings of England, and fometimes for extraordinary meetings. As for example : On the firft of Auguft, in the year 1086 -f, William the Conqueror appointed his hifliops, barons, flierifFs, and their milites, to meet him at Sarefbury, where and when the faid milites took their oaths of fidelity to him. So faith Florentius of Worcefter, the moft ancient of all the writers who have made any mention of the church of Old Sarum, and after him Roger Hovcden. This was prccifcly tlie year in which that public regifter of eftates throughout the king- dom, called Doomfday-Book, was compiled; as the fame authors and the book itfelf bear witnefs. //,^ J .-uu^' «-yi. . 4 J^/^.v...*' .' ^""- /.■"^■''■' -".■",'/ *■ "■ C" , ,;,,, A*-- •, ^r^ --..»., t.'i.' n*-^. 1« (CR^ et^ ttjc nf»itJ ^^«*< t^«^« jD^f*Mhf^»t^ y^cnfi-K * \V. MiliTi. FliH. nov. I. 2. Tub iiiitium. Flor. ^Vig. ad an. 10S6. Hovedcn aJ eur.dem an. Daniel in the life of Rufus, p. 48. Eadmcr, p. 55 & 117. t Cam Jen in WiitOiire calls them all the ftatcs of Engl.md, and Lith, ' th.it of every penny of the 3dpcaay ot'S.iruin the king had 20— s.' In An Account of Old Sarum, ^c. 35 In the year of our Lord 1096, William the fecond, firnanncd Riifus, held a council in his caftle at Old Sarum, as the fame authors teftify •, to whofe teftimony we may add that of Daniel, an hiftorian of good reputation, though not fo properly to be called an old one *. In this council Ofmund the bifhop was prefent, and took the confcflion of William de Alverly, before he went to execution. Juft four years after this, Henry the firft, firnamed for his learning le Beauclerc, hav- ing been newly crowned, held his court in the fame caftle. Whither Anfelm, at that time archbilhop of Canterbury, repaired to attend his majefty, together with tlie reft. So faith Eadmer, p. ^c^, f. The fame king is alfo reported to have held an afiembly of the three eftates of his kingdom at Old Sarum, which from the time of that convention had the name of parliament. In the year of our Lord, 1 1 1 6, the fame king Henry I. convened an aflembly of the bifhops and great men of the whole realm at the fame place, there to do their homage to his fon William. So faith Eadmer, p. 117 J, Florentius of Worcefter and Roger Hoveden. But hitlierto it muft be confcfled that there is no mention of any city, neither of town nor village, but of the king's caftle only. However, William of Malmfbury, defcribing Salefbery, fpeaks |1 of it as a caftle, in the ftead or place of a city, fituated upon an eminence and furrounded with no mean rampart. Daniel the hiftorian records, that in the council held at Winchefter, in the year of our Lord 1 1 40, the then archbiftiop of Roan, in Normandy, who was prefent, maintained this pofition, that by the canons of the church, biftiops could have no right to hold caftles § ; and that if they were tolerated to do fo by the royal fufferance or indulgence, they ought at leaft upon apprehenfions of danger to deliver up the keys. Here then the important queftion at that time arofe, (as the learned antiquarian informs us «[ ) Whether bilhops might be the governors of fuch ftrong holds, or not ? This queftion was deter- mined by a great churchman againft the bifhops in general, and againft the then biftiop of Sarum in particular, whofe monftrous avarice, pride, perfidioufnefs, and ingratitude, are by none fo well exprefled as by our excellent bifhop of Hereford, in his book de Prcefulibus Anghcanis *. Bifhop Plerman was the firft bifhop of Sarum in point of time. But it is agreed by all authors, both printed and in manufcript, that diere was not yet any cathedral church or chapter, either within or without the king's caftle ; but only a chapel and a dean, as now there is at Whitehall. For no one author in the world did ever advance that bifhop Herman was the builder of the church. The moft that is affirmed of him by any one is laid by the bifliop of Hereford, which is, that Herman laid a foundation, and having fo done, he died. But his church was no where, except v/here many others build their caftles — in the air ; a meer imaginary church and the child of phantafy. Nor indeed could it be more r. For * P. 4S. 1 A. D. 1 133. D.3n. in his life, p. 57. X Eadmer. p. 187. Flor. Wigorn. et Rog. Hoved. ad an. 11 16. jl W. Malm, de Pontif. 1. z. f. 142— b. Salefberiam, quod eft vice civitatis Caftellum locatum in edito muro vallatum non exiguo. § Daniel in king Stephen, p. 61. «I Cambden in Wilts. -* Bifhop Godwin in Roger, the third bifhop of Sarum. t What is fdd by William of Malmfbury, f. 161. ffol. 91. edit. London) is not faid of bifliop Herman, but bifliop Roger, who being after Ofmund, makes it nothing to the purpofe. Befides that i:v/as written, when Roger was in greatnefs, and flattered for it. De Geflis Reg 1. j. F 2 by 36 Ajt Accou7it of Old Sarum, &c. by the command of William the Conqueror, he had left the two cathedral churches of Sunning and Sherborne to the dean, who then was fonnaliter (as virtualiter ever fince) dean of the king's free chapel only (without a chapter or a church, and in whom, as their foie ordinary. Sunning and Sherborne have ever fince been, with many peculiars belonging to them, in Berkfhire and Dorfetfliire, in Wiltfliire and Devonflnre-, (to which I might have added the county of Oxford, were it not that the faid dean has little jurifdiJlian there, though tliere he has fome.) Herman's time was too fhort to build a church at Old Sarum. He may be faid more properly to have defigned a church, than even to have laid the foundation ot it. He was Kicceeded in the biflioprick by Ofmund, in the year of our Lord one thou- fand and kventy-eight. This prelate had been a captain of Say, in Normandy, and was a great favourite of William the Conqueror, with whom he came into England, and to whofe bounty he was very largely indebted. He was particularly appointed by him his governor, keeper or concierge of his caftle of Sarum, wherein he iound no more than a royal chapel. It was this lame Ofmund who both built and repaired * the cathedral church upon this remarkable eminence, whofe fteeple was burnt the very next day after its being finillied. By the extraordinary generofity, as well as licence, of his mailer, he added a chapter to the dean, befides three dignitaries, four archdeaconries, &c. So that bifhop Ofmund was aftually -\ the firft who had any catlvsdral church or chapter in Old Sarum. He accordingly \ nodfics ' himfelf to have builded the church of Sarefbery, and to have conilituced canons therein.' On which account he is elfewhere § ftiled the blefled 0!mund, founder of the church of Sarum. For before that time it is faid, that " under the cafllc of our lord the king f , and up- on his ground, was the church originally founded, as a free chapel, exempted from ail juriidiftion of the diocefan, and enjoying full liberty after the manner of th; other royal chapels of England. Which church the blefled Ofmund, at that time bilhiop of Sarum, with the coni'ent of king William, his patron aforefaid, folemnly founded of certain pre- bends, and firll of all conftituted the dignities and offices of canons theiein ; and by the ftatutes publifhed at the very foundatior, with the confent of the fame king, patron of the church, totally exempted as well the dean as all the canons of Sarum fro.m all juril- dicdon, of the bifliop of Sarum *," The (latutes here fpoken of, are contMoed in the original charter of Ofmund, flrength- ened and confirmed by the feal of king William the Conqueror, from whofe grant and conceffion out of his royal dominion as well over churches as lands, the cathedral church of Sarum derived its beginning and improvement. * See H Knighton, apuJ Bee. fol. 2351. 5{ bifhop Got?vvin, p. 372. & Ofmund's charter, ut infra» f Mag. Char. Olmunili ia Statut. dc collatione prebcnd.irum, f. 36. b. 37. a. t Ego 0(mi.indus notifico, ecclefiam Sarifb. me conftruxiffe, et in ea canonicos conftituiffe, &c. § Regift. Burg, evident, torn. xi. fol. 79. anno. 1264. fl Intra caftrum domini regis, et in ipfius fo!o, (iiullatcnus epifcopi Sarum,) primitus extitit fundata ccclcTia, ut libera Capella, ejus, ab omni jiitil'di>itione dioecefani excnipta ; plena libeitate, more a] h- arum regiarini capejlarum Anglicie, guaderer, quani bcanis Otmundus, tunc Sarum epifcopus, con- fenfii Willelmi regis patroni prajJicii tunc praeientis, folcjinittr dc certis praehcndis fundavit, ac c.inoniras dignitatcs et officia primus conftituit in eadem. Ac per fua llatuta in ipfa t'undatione edita, de confenfu ejufJem regis ecclelia; patroni, tam decanum, qu.un canonicos Saturn omnes et ab omni jurifdiclionc cpifcopi Sarum, exemit totalitcr. * Rcgiil. D. Davyl'jn, fol. 13. By \An Account of Old Sarum, Mc. 37 By this charter f the dean and canons are entitled to all the dignities, immunities and privileges, in their feveral churches, tythes and lands, fully and peaceably, which the bilhop himfelf enjoyed, or any other perfon, while the fame were under his jurifdidion. And when any perfon is conftituted canon, he ought, in the prefence of the brethren in the chapt^-r, to fwear upon the holy gofpel, that he Will inviolably preferve the dignities and cuftoms of the church of Sarum. The dean is over all the canons and all the vicars, with refpeft to the cure of fouls and correcflion of manners. This charter is attefted by William (there ftiled) king of the Englilh, Thomas the archbifliop, and many other bilhops. X It was in like manner provided by the mod rev. Boniface, archbifhop of Canterbury, with refpe(5t to the liberties, inftitutions and flattites, made and granted by the bleflcd Of- mund and his fucceflbrs, in the faid church of Sarum, that the archbifhop's official fliall fwear, in prefence of the canons in the city of Sarum, that he will preferve inviolate the liberties and cuiloms of the chuxh of Sr.rum to the utmo'l of his power in all things touching his office and jurifdidion •, and that he will be faithful to tiie church of Sarum, and b.have himfelf faithfully in the difcharge of his jurirdiclion. It is remarked above, that by the original charter, or great fundamental ftatute, every one of the foundation was to take an oath at his admiffion, " that he would inviolably conferve the dignities and cuftoms of the church of Sarum." And if any one ffiould prefume to violate or pervert the faid ftatute of the foundation, he was to be § anathe- matized, or excommunicated fcr ever. For fuch and fo dreadful is the form of the curfe made ufe of by the king and the bifliop Ofmund upon the tranfgrcfTor of it. Nor is this to be underftood of the leP, but of the greater anathema or excommunication. The nature of which may be difcovered from the oldEnglifh feftival and the articles found in St. Paul's church at Canterbury in the year of our Lord 1562. ^ In thefe it is defined to ht fucb a curfing, or ve/igeance-takhig^ that it depart eth a man from the blifs of heaven; from houfel, Chriji, and all the facraments of holy church ; and betaketh him to the devil, and to the fains of b.ll withciit end. Such was the force of tlie word perpeluo, when thefe terrible curfings were in ufe. In a due fear, and for the prevention of fuch a curfe upon fuch a perjury, the chapter of Sarum, in their complaint to archbifhop Sudbury againft bifhop Erghum, for violat- t Dignitas eft decani et omnium canonicorum., ut epifcopo in nullo refpondeant nifi in capitulo, et judicio tantum capituli pareant. Habeant etiam curiam fuam in om.nibus prasbendis fuis, et dig- nitatem archidiaconi ubicunqvie prasbendas fuerint affignatrc in parochia roftra five in ecclefiis, vel decimis, vel terris. Ita quidem quod nulla omnino exigentia, in dono vel in affifa, aut aliqua alia con- fuetudine, ab epifcopo, vel a quolibet alio, fiat in prsebendis eorum ; fed omnes, libertates et om- nes dignitates pienarie et pacince habeant, quas ego Ofmundus epifcopus in eifdem pr.-ebendis habui, aut aliquis aliub, cum eas in noftro domi.iio iiabeiemus. Quando vero aliquis conftituitur canonicus, debet coram fatribus in capitulo jurare, prxfente evangelio, fe dignitates et confuetudines ecclefife Sarum inviolabilitcr obfcrvaturum. Decaniis omnibus canonicis et omnibus vicarii? prn?e(}, quoad regimen animarum ct core£tionem morum." Lib. St. Keel. Sar. fol. 86. a & b. quicum confer, c. 39. f. 36, 37. X Maxima quantum ad libertates, inftituta, et ftatuta, qus beatus Ofmundus et fucccfiores fui in e.adem erclefiaflatuerunt ct concelferunt. Jurabit etiam [oilicialis archiepiicopi] coram canonicis in civitate Sarum prasfentibus, quod libertates et conUietu.-lines ecclefias Sarum, pro polTe luo in omnibus officium fuum et j'jrifdiiElioncm fuam tangentibus fervabit illsfas, ct quod fidelis erit ecclefia; Sarum, et in exe- cutione jurifdicHonis fKieliter fe habebit. § Perpetuo anathematizetur- f Sir Thomas Ridley's view of the ci?il law, part 3. cap. §. 2. page 172, 1-3, 245. 3$ Afi Account of Old Sarum, &'c. ine his oath by ofurping a jurifdiftion, and by prcfuming to vifit certain prebends whilft the deanry lay void, did prefent how all the privileges, which had been appointed and fettled in the foundation of it originally, were continued and confirmed in the removal of the faid cathedral, and that by a bull from pope Honorius || with this claufe inferred in the apoftolical letters [" faving the privileges, dignities and ciifloms ot the church of Sarum]. Alfo to the faithful keeping and inviolable obfervance of the faid ordinances, cuftcms, liberties and dignities, the bifhops, deans and canonical prebendaries of Sarum, all and fin^^ular, in their luccefTive times, have been and are bounden and obliged by their corporal oaths taken upon die holy gofpels of God." Whereupon they prayed the archbifhop of the province fo to interpofe his metropolitical power, as that the faid bi- fhop of Sarum, for the falvation of his foul, might revoke and retraa the vifitation which he had begun, and the chapter and prebendaries aforefaid may enjoy the benefit of their foundation freely and without difturbance, with all other their privileges and immunities. * Laftly, the fundamental ftatutes and cuftoms of this church of Sarum were fo confirm, ed by King Henry the Vlllth, in his regal vifitation of it in the year 1535, that the bifliops of "the diocefe for ever are as much fubjeft to them as any other perlons whatfa- ever. Hence it is that the deans of Sarum have been wont to profefs themfelves in their peculiars only fubordinate to a regal or metropolitical authority; as indeed all others are who have even cpifcopal jurifdidion within the province, as well as from the relation which they ever had to the king's free chapel, whereof the privileges remain to this day, having been ever referved -, although the formality thereof be fomewhat fliaded and ob- fcured°at prefent in a great cathedral church. So that there never was a time fince the foundation of the cathedral within the king's caftle of Old Sarum, wherein the dean of Sarum for the time being was not confidered as the immediate ordinary of the place. To whom the privilege and power of proving wills hadi ordinarily and of right apper- tained. This is clearly an immemorial practice and poflefTion of the dean of Sarum, which has been from and through all time, and the contrary of which exifts not in the memory of men. This was the allegation to the archbilhop of the province, on the be- half of the chapter, for their exem.ption fiom the bifliop's jurifdiclion ; and which Ralph Erghum aforefaid, at that time bifhop of the diocefe, could not deny, and there- fore it was decreed againft. Thus the deans of Sarum had their abode before the conquefl: of England by the Normans in Old Caftle, as it is nov/ called, but anciently named Csfar's Burg, and cor- ruptly Sarifoerg, by the Brituns Sorbiodunum. It appears that it was at the firft the king's free chapel, as Windfor is at this day ; wherein the dean, under the king, had more than cpifcopal iurifdicftion. -j- For here the king had a chapel for himfelf and his royal family, and his great coun- cil to ferve God in (as no perfons in any age or country were in their way more religl- II Cum hac cl.iufiild in Uteris apodolicis inferta [falvis ipfius ecclefut Sarum privilcgiis dignitatiljus ct confuctudinibus]. " Ad didtas etiam ordiationes, confuetudines, libertates ct dignicatcs hdeliter tenendas et inviolahiliter obfervandas, cpifcopi, decani et canonici Sarum prebendarii, eorum tempori- bus fuccefiivls, omncs et finguli, juramcntis corporalibis ad faniSla Dei evangelia prsftitis, realiter fueriint et funt aflridi. * Placcat i^itur paternitati vcflrs talitcr interponere partes veftras, ut diclus d. cpifcopus b.irurn omnia prsmifia i'Jicite attcntata, et pracipue vifitationem ficut priemittitur decanatu vacantc de facto inclioatam, pro fahitc animx fuK revocet, et praefatum capitulum et pr.-ebendariosomncs et fingulos commodo fundationis, &c. liberc gaudcre, in iblidum exercere, quoad omnia prxmifla, in pace permittat in t'uturiim. t Vide vetus regiftr. mifcell. et rcgiilr. dom. Richardi epifc. Sarum. ous An Account of Old Sarum, ^c. 39 ous X than the monarchs of this kingdom in thofe times), before he had in this place any cathedral church. For befides the abfurdity and incredibility, that in the king's fpecial manfion for ftrcngth and pleaftre, wherein he held his great conventions or af- femblies of the lords fpiritual and temporal, add to this, a family in his sbfence, con- fifting of foldiers as well as fervants (fometimes called mimftri regis ^ and fometimes mi- lites), he fhould not have fo much as a private chapel for the celebration of divine worfhip; befides all this, I fay, it appears, as by others, fo by Radulphus de Diceto, that the royal caftles in thofe times had chapels in them for the king's honour, as well as ufe. " This caufe, fays he, was firft debated at the pafchal folemnity in the " chappel royal, which is fituated in the caftle". § This is further confirmed by what was faid above concerning the chapter's accufation of bifhop Erghum before archbifhop Sudbury : wherein notice is taken of the church originally founded within the caflle of our lord the king, and upon his foil, as a free chapel, exempted from all jurifdic- tion of the bilhop, and enjoying full jiberty. after the manner of the other royal cha- pels of England. Which free chapel of the king's majefty was never denied by bi- fhop Erghum, and was confelTed and ov/ned in the fentence of the archbifliop for the faid chapter againft that bifhop. And as the king's chapel firft, before the building of the cathedral church; To the church, as foon as it was built, and the churchmen, as foon as they v/ere founded, were every whit as much within the king's caftle, as the very ancient regifters of the billiops of Sarum were able to exprefs them. For in thefe it is obferved, as contained in the annals of the prelates, amongft the ads of Richard lord bifhop of Sarum, " That anciently |! the canons of the church of Sarum refided with- •'• in the inclofures of the caftle of Old Sarum until the time of the aforefaid bifhop. " In whole time a profecution arofe, on account of which the king of England if- " fued his orders and commands to all his vifcounts and caftellans to take fpecial heed " to keep and guard every where the royal palaces for the king's ufe, any ecclefiaftical *' privileges whatfoever notwithftanding". Then follows at large the ftory before re- lated, that the cathedralmen going out of the caftle in procelfion, had the gates fliut againft them by the king's foldiers or fervants at their return. The moft ancient writer, who makes mention of this cathedral church, cxprefTly af- ferts it to have been founded and dedicated by Ofmund * bifhop of Salifbury, with the afllftance of Walceline bifhop of Winchefter, and John bilhop of Bath, in the caftle. The dean of this very ancient cathedral was much more eligibly provided with a place of refidence, than his brethen of the chapter. For he had an houfe and de- mefnes by the fide of the river, at the diftance of about half a mile below the caftle, ca led at prefent the dean's court. All the reft of them, prebendaries or canons, and X William I. was fo eminent for devotion, that it was ccnfefTed by his haters. So faith Daniel in the life of William I. p. 43. Rad. de liceto 1072, p. 485. § Ventilata autem eft haec caufse prius, in pafchali folemnitate in capella regia, qure fita efl in caftello. 11 Continetur in annalibus pontificum inter gefta bonae memorix domini Riciiardi epifcopi Sarum, quod antiquitus canonici ecclefiE Sarum refidebant intra fepta caRri veteris Sarum, ufque ad tempus fupr.uli(Si pontificis. In ciijus teirpore orta erat pcrfecutio, &c. ratione cujus, rex Anglix praecepit omnibus vice comitibus & caftellaneis fuis, quod curarent, quatenus loca regia ubique regio ufui cuf- todirenr, non obftantibus ruibufcunque privilegiis ecclefiaftici?. Regift. D.-.vyfoni, foi. 3. * Ofmundus Searefbirienfis epifcopus ecclefiam quain Seareiteiise in Caftello conflruxerat cum ?.d- jutorio epifcoporum 'Walcelini Wintonieiifis, & Joannis Bathonienfis, nonis Aprilis, feria fccuiida de- «iicavit. Flor, Wig. A. D. 1C92, with whom agree Hoveden, Simeon cf Durham, Camden, &c. Other 40 An Account of Old Sarum, ^c. other churchmen, dwelt here in the king's caftle, a fort of honourable prifoners (com- pared with their prefent fituation) for above 134 years. Accordingly bifliop Poore made this contineinent the ground and foundation of his complaint both to the king and to the pope, as that on which he then built his petition to both for a removal. \V.e fliall endeavour, faid he, to build J a church at fome dif- tance from this royal caftle and prifon. To this purpofe he made application to the king's majefty of England for his licence and afTill^ance. To whom the king mofl gra- cioufly aflcnted. The fame realon is further confirmed by thefe words in the bull of pope tlonorius the third. " Bccaufe there was no way to the church, without the li- " cence or permifTion of the governour of the caftle." So that the original cathedral -was not only founded upon the king's foil, and wi-hin the precimfts of the king's caftle, but within the caftle itfelf, ftridly and properly fo called. As the caftle and the guard of foldiers in it, and the ground upon \\hich it ftood, Jiave been evidently proved to have been the king's ; fo it is as evident that the bifliops, while they held it, muft have held the caftles but as keepers, or as jnaijires d'hoftcl^ or as tenants to the king, or at moft as all governors of garrifon-towns and caftles hold them pro tempore for the king ; and fo likewife the earls of Sarum (the earls indeed longer, very much longer than the bifliops) held it only in truft and during pleafure. So that when it is faid, that " Notwithflanding this caftle is fometimes called the king's, " it appears very plain that it went with the earldom in Henry the fecond's time." It muft be underftood with this refervation. "Whence it was, that they were fo often appointed, and again difplaced, as our kings faw good. The reader who is ftudious of hiftorical antiquities, will not be difpleafed to fee in this place a lift of the governors of ■ ,^«'*'^.V '"■' proprietors of die caftle of Old Sarum under the king. 7^(fif\ ^**^ This charge was firft committed to Walter de Euereux, earl of Rofmar in Nor- mandy., who had, by the munificence of William the Conqueror, very large pofteflions 1 /' i>><^i '" Wiltftiire, which he bequeathed to his youngeft fon Edward, firnamed Salifbury, T^p^") * , who was born in England ; leaving his other lands in Normandy, with the title ot ►v»£y 'X.O i^"'*' *^*' Earl of Rofmar, to Walter his eldeft fon, whofe line not long after failed. ''•■ This Ed-.vard of Saliitury, who fucceeded, was very eminent in the twentieth year of William the Conqueror, and is often mentioned in doomfday-book, but without the ti> "' !"'.M*^' .tie of earl. /ut-f****- r » Ivoger, biftiop of Salifbury, was the next who poflefled by a grant from king Heniy -tv ^""'"''^ '' ' the firft. But it was afterwards taken away from the faid haughty prelate by king Ste- *«.»^^ phen, whole difpleafure he had greatly incurred. After him came Patric, the firft earl of Salifbury, grandfon of Edward of Salifbury abovementioned by his fon Walter of Bradenrtock and Sibilla de Cadurjtis or Chaworth. < This Patiic the firft earl was iliin by Guy of Lufignan, in the year 11 69, in his re- turn ixom a pilgrimage to St. James of Compoftella. He was fucceeded by his Ion William, who died at Paris in the reign of Richard the firft. Ela, fifter of Williain and only daugliter of Patric, was (by the favour of the faid king Richard) married to William Longfpee (fo firnan^ed from the long fword whicii I F.cclefiam dc Caftro Sz (!c Carcere recalls potcftatis labor.nbiiTius aedificarc, kc. Pofthaic autcm accent ad rt-gein Auglx-, petc:is ab eo Ikemiam, he. & poftulans ab co taniiuein a domino ("uo nianus adjiitiiccs. Cui rex bcnigniffune prasbuit affcnfum, &c. Regift. Jo. Davyfor.i, ful. 3—2, &c. ^^itcr gella Ricbardi epiicopi Sarum. he An Account d?/ Old Sarum, ^c. 4t he ufually wore) who was the natural fon of king Henry the fecond ; to whom, upon this marriage with Ela, accrued the title of earl and her coat of arms, viz. az, fix lion' ' eels rampant, or. His ion and fucceflbr was alfo called William Longfpee, with whom king Herry the ^^ q^ third being offended, becaufe, being figned with the crofs, he went- to the holy \v..r '*** J without his leave, took from him the title of earl and the caftle of Sarum. Being de- termined in his defign notwithftanding, he went into Egypt with St. Lewis king of France, and fighting valiandy in the midft of his enemies near Damiata, which the c:-irilUans nad taken, died in the bed of honour. He had a fon named alfo William, who did not enjoy the tide of earl, but Margaret, his only daughter held the title of countefs of Salifbury. She was married to Henry Lacy, earl of Lincoln, by whom fhe had but one daughter, viz. Alice, the wife of Thomas earl of Lancaflier, who being oudawed, king Edward the iecond fcized upon the lands which fhe had made over to herhufband-, fome of which, viz. Troubridge, Winterbourne, Ambrcfbury, and other manours, king Edward the third gave to William de Montacute, in as full and ample manner as ever the predccelTbrs of Mar- garet countefs of Sarum held them •, and at the fame time he made the faid Wil.iam de Montacute earl of Sarum-, and by the girding o^' of a fword the faid earldom was in- „ TT 7^*^ veiled in him and his heirs for ever. But Robert bifhop of Sarum^" by virtue of a writ,,> jf'"- j ^ which the lawyers term l/reve de reSIo, called in queftion the right of the faid William de fi> i^ ^"C'' ui^ Montacute earl of Sarum to this caftle. Which difpute ended in the earl's agreeing to ^/ '^ '"* five hun Ired marks.f ".^. /irr/^'(f* ^ It was afterwards refumcd and given by king Henry the fourth to Richard Nevil, whom ' ' V/^**''^ he made earl of Salifbury. After this it was given by Edward the fourth to his brother * ^t^B- Richard duke of Glouceller. At laft Henry the eighth rctiored the blood of Margate", and made her of the jame name, the daughter of George duke of Clarence, brother to king Edward the fourth, by Ifabella daughter of Richard earl of Warwick and Salifbury, countefs of Salifbury. This was done in a full parliament, about tiie fifth year of his reign. This lady %vas beheaded at ievcnty years of age. Anne, the ether daughter of Richard Nevil earl of Warwick and Sahfbury, was wife to Richard the third •, to whom after fhe had born Edward Prince of Wales, who lived not long, flie herfelf died, not without fufpicion 'of poifon. From that time this honorary tide ceafed, until the year 1605, when king James was pleafed to dignify therewith Robert Cecil, whom he had before honoured with the ti- tles of baron Cecil of EfTenden and vilcount Cranburn To return to Old Sarum: From the preceding particulars it will appear that the land whereon this ancient tov/n and fortrefs were built, was as much the dominium^ or royal de- mcfnes, as any other pofTciTed by our kinr^s. This is farther evident by ibme records in the Bodleian and Cottonian libraries, which prove, that in the time of the Saxon princes. Old Sarum was immediaxly under their protection. One record is very curious, as it probably informs us of the only churches there in thofe early times. It begins thus : X I Ina, king, for the falvction cf my foul, grant unto the church of St. James, in Saris- ^ byrig, the lands of 'Tokenham, for the ufe of the monks ferving God in that church. H^bo- /^«-*^'*^ ever fliall prefume to infringe this my munificence, let him, in the day of judgment, be placed f Camden, on Wiltihire. X Ic Ina, king, for mine fauie, &:c- Vid. Bio. BoJl. n. e. 2. 19. Cotton. 23. G en 42 An Account of Old Sarutn, ^c. en the left band of Qhrifi, and. receive the fentence of damnation luith the devil and his angels. Then follows the grant of Ethelburga, his confort, of lands to the nunnery of St. Mary, in Sarum 1 Ethelburga, wife of Ina, king, (^c for the fahation of my foul, grant to God, and the nuns fe:zing God in the church of bt. Mar}\ in Sarisbyrig, the lands of Bedington, with their appendages, iyc. Thefe donations are perfedtly agreeable to the piety of Ina and Ethelburga, who about the fame time rebuilt and enlarged the celebrated monaltery of Glaftonbury, and endowed it with amp'e revenues. He alio fetded the Ronfcot, or tax of a penny on every family f ^^ in Weflex and Suflex ; and to give the higheft proof of his attachment to religion, he '^; ; aflumed a monaftic habit, and retired to a convent, A. D. 715. In the fame valuable colleftion of original Saxon records, lalt quoted, we meet with an Order of Alfred to Leofric, earl of Wiltfhire, to repair the fortifications, againft the threatened invafion of the Danes * / Alfred, king and monarch of the Engliflj, have ~f^ ^ ordered earl Leofric, of IViltunfhire, not only to prefrve the cr.ftle of Sarum, but to make fiu\^j another ditch, to be defended by palifadots •, and all who live abcut faid caftle, as well as my j^ '^mi ' ether fubje51s, are immediately to apply to this work. Then follows an exhortation of fome ^^^^i?^ bilhop Whereas God hath fent many calamities on this land, and the lives of the religious themfelves being very reproachable, it is our duty to endeavour to avert thofe evils, which now impend, by deprecating the wrath of God, (^c. Ediiha was a great benefactrels to Sarum, and in general to the church ; the following, from the records afore-mentioned, is a grant made to St. Mary's church here 1 Edi- iha, relift of king Edward, give to the fupport of the canons of St. Mary's church, in Sa- ; ' rum, the lands of Sceorftan, in IViltfliirei and thofe of Torinanburn, to the monaflery of Wharwell, for the fupport of the nuns ferving God there, tvith the rights thereto belonging, for the foul of king Edward. Though there can be no doubt of the authenticity of thefe records, yet the word //7/- tunfcyre is liable to fome objcLtions. Rapin and others fay, that fyre, a divifion or branch, was not introduced till fome time after the date of this order. But Spelman clears up the difficulty in his life of Alfred, page 112, when he alTures us, that prince was not the firlt who divided the kingdom in fliires, but only fixed their number and limits. Having now aicertained the exiftence of two churches or monalteries at Old Sarum in the Saxon times, and alfo of an additional rampart and intrenchmenr, we fhall proceed to the Norman ages, Bifliop Godwin fays, that the church here was confecrated in an evil hour; for that the very next day after the confecration, the fteeple was fet on fire by lightening; and was repaired by O.mund, the fucceeding bilhop, vvho was the pre- late that compofcd that form of fervice called fecundum ufum S.irum, which he begun in the year 1076 upon this occafion, viz. Thurfton, the abbot of Glaftonbury, who was brought from the abbey cf Caen in Normandy by the above bifhop, and preferred by him to this rich abbey, had a quarrel with his monks, and would force them to change their old fervice for a new one, compofed by a monk of Normandy ; but the friars re- fufmg, the abbot armed his fervants, fell upon the monks in the choir, and drove them to the high altar, where they defended themfelves with the forms and candlefticks, * Ego Al.*'red, rex & monarcha Anglorum. Bib. Bodl. & Cott. fupra. in An Account of Old Sarum, ^c. 43 in which fray two or three men were killed ; which when the king heard of, he fent the abbot back to Caen, and the monks were difperfed in other monafteries, and Ofmund, to prevent any future quarrels upon this head, got the form of fervice compofed, whicli is called the ufage of Sarum, and was afterwards received in moft choirs in England, Ireland, and Wales. Petrus Blefenfis, in his epiftles, defcribes Old Sarum thus. It was a place expofed to the wind, barren, dry, and folitar)', a tower there was, as in Siloam, by which the in- habitants were for a long time endaved, the church was a captive on that hill, let us therefore (continues he) in God's name, go down into the level : there the vallies wiU yield plenty of corn and the champain fields are of a rich foil. A poet, who lived in thofe times, wrote the following verfes on Old Sarum. c>r — N Eft tibi defetflus lymphs, fed copia cretfe, ^ -^ Sasvit ibi ventus, fed philomela filet. ^ Water's there fcarce, but chalk in plenty lies, And thofe fweet notes which philomel ( The harfher mufic of the wind fupplies. nty lies, *) denies, > s. S And of the fame place he writes thus : Quid domini domus in caftro ? nifi fa;deris area In tem.plo Baalim, career uterque locus. A church within a camp looks juft as v;ell. As the ark of God in the vile houfe of Baal. The following ftanzas of a poet, who was a favourite of Dr. Ward, bifhop of New Sarum, to wliom it was dedicated, being hiftorical as well as fimple and humorous, were thought no improper embellifhment to this accoant. The author was Dr. Pope, who wrote the old man's wifh, and lived with that bifhop : I. Old Sarum was built on a dry barren hill, A great many years ago -, 'Twas a Roman town of ftrength and renown. As its ftately ruins fhow. II. Therein was a caftle for men of arms, And a cloyfter for men of the gown ; There were friars and monks, and liars and punks, Tho' not any whofe names are conie down. III. The foldiers and churchmen did not long agree ; For the furly men with tlie hilt on. Made fport at the gate with the priefts that came !at; From flirivino; the nuns of Wilton. o G 2 2a 44 -^n Accotuit of Old Sarum, &'c. In the following ftanzas ilie author is fpeaking of bifliop Poore, who, after he had ob- tained leave of the pope and the king to rexove his church, could not fix on a place to his mind, tho' he had conluked with the abbcfs : I. One time as the pelate lay on his down bed. Recruiting his fpirits with reft. There appear'd, as 'tis faid, a beautiful maid, With her own dear babe at her breaft. II. To him thus flie fpoke, (the day was fcarce broke. And his eyes ytt to flumber did yield) •' Go, build me a church without any delay. Go, build it in Merry-field." III. He awakes and he rings ; up ran monks and friars. At the found of his little bell; I muft know, faid he, where Merry field is. But the Devil a bit cou'd they tell. Full early he rofe on a morning grey. To meditate and to walk ; And by chance overheard a foldier on guard. As he thus to his comrade did talk: V. I will lay on the fide of my good eughen bow. That I (hoot clean over the corn. As fu as that cow in yon Merry-field, Which grazes under the thorn. VI. Then the bifliop cry'd out, " Where is Merry-field ?'* For his mind was ftill on his vow ; The foldier reply'd, " By the river's fide, " Where you fee that brindled cow." VII. Upon this he declar'd his pious intent; And about the indulgencies ran. And brought in the people to build a good fteeple. And thus the cathedral began. After this relaxation, before we proceed to give our own remarks upon the place^ j •we lliali lay before the curious reader the feveral accounts given of it by our learned an> - An Account of Old Sarum, ^c, 45 antiquaries Leland, Lambarde, and Stiikely. The firft of thefe, in his Itinerary, which he wrote in th_ time of Henry VIII. gives the following account of Old Sarum ; The cite of Old Sarefbyri {landing on a hiil is diftant from the New a mile by north- weft and is in cumpace half a mile and more. This thing hath beene auncient and exceding ftrong: but fyns the buildin"- of New Sarefbyri it went totally to ruine. Sum think that lak of water caufed the inhabitants to relinquish the place; yet \sere ther many welles of fwete water. Sum fav, that after that in tyme of civile warres, that caftelles and waulled townes were kept, that the ca'.kllanes of Old Sarerb>ri and the canons cou'd not agiee, inlb- much, that the callellanes upon a time prohibited them cumming home from procelTion and rogation to reentre the town. Whereupon the bifliop and they confulting rogedier at the laft began a church on their own proper foyle : and then the people refortid itrait to New Sarelbyri and buildid ther: and then in coni-inuance wer a great number of the houfes of Old Sarefbyri pulled down and fet up at New Sarefbyri. Ofmund erle of Dorcheftre, and after bifhop of Sarefbyri, ereclid his cathedrale chirch ther in the weft part of the town : an alfo his palace. Whereof now no token is but only a chapelle of our lady, yet ftanding and main- teynid. Ther was a paroch of the rioly-rcde befide in Old Sarefbyri : and an oti.er over the eft gate, whereof yet fum tokens remayne. I do not perceyve that ther wer any more gates in Old Sarefbyri then 2, one by eft and another by weft. Without ech of thefe gates was a fair fuburbe. And yn the eft fuburbe was a paroch church of St. John : and ther yet is a chapelle ftandinge. The ryver is a good q'larter of a mile from Old Sarefbyri, and more, even where it is nereft, and that is at Stratford village fouth of it. There hath been houfes in tyn'e of mynd inhabited in the eft fuburbe of Old Sa- refbyri: but now there is not one houfc, nither within Old Sarefbyri or without, in- habited. There was a right fair and ftrong cafte'.le within Old Sarefbyri, longging to the cries of Sarefbyri, cfpecially the Longfpees. I reede that one Guaiterus was the firft erle after the ronqueft of it. Much notable ruinus building of this caftelle yet ther remaynith. The diche that environed the old town was a very deep and ftrong thing* William Lambarde, the celebrated antiquary, v/ho .vvrofe in the time of Qiieen Eli- zabeth, in his defcri:'tion of the chief places in England and Wales, gives the fol- lowing account of Old Sarum, viz. This place was not of great fame in our chronicles before the conqueft, but feam- cth to have begonne by the byftiops fee and the caftle -, I read that Cenric, one of the firft founders of the Weft Saxon kingdom, encrochd upon the Brytons, as farre as Saliibyrie, and then gave theim a battcil theare alfo, in which he overthrew theim, and by that means dilated his bounds further. In the time of William the onquerour when bv decree of the pope, fees of Byfhops in lno;land, veare tranflated from villa- ges to cyties and borough townes, Herman, the bylhop of Sh}rburne, that was before gone A-" 46 An Account of Old Sarum, ^c, gone over fea for anger that he might not remove to Malmefbyry, came home agayne, and fee him down ac Salifbyrie, bcginninge within the old caftle there, a new church, ■which Ofmund his luccenbur accomphOed. This Ofmund was before a man of warre and made by king Wilham the Conquerour earle of Dorfet 5 he gatherd toge her the porcufTe in Latine, conteyninge common fervice in the chiirche, which order was af- terward embraced throughout the realme, and called iiflis Sarum ; and therefore it is lefs marveil if Poly dor and fuch other gyve him the hole praife of this new churche of Salirtjyrie. The fame king William, called together at Salifbyri al the bylhops and noblemen of this realme, commaunding theim that they fhou'd bringe with theim fo many, as owght heim fidelytie by othe, and theare devifed for his owne favetye, that without exception of their owne lordes, they flioud al take a corporal othe to beare him faythe againlt all men. William Rufus the fon of the Conquerour, held an aflembly at this caftle, and forafmuch as one William de Owe, v/as theare appeached of trea- fon, and overcome by battel waged in the lyftes, he commaunded that his eyes fliould be pulled out, and his flones taken from his bodie. And as for fome others that weare guilty of the fame oftcnce, he commaunded theim to be hanged. This wager of batteil came in with the Normans, for in all the antiquities of the Saxons that hy- therto I have fene, theare is no word thereof, but in the laws of the Conquerour, which Ingulphus brought written in Frenche from the court to his houfe at Croyland ; it is one of the firft "to be found, and from that tyme, very frequent mention of it in ma- nic writers. Wei-, in the reigne of king Henry the firft the order of the canons of Salifbury began, which is the laft thing that I read of Old Sarum : for after the death of king Henry 11. Richard Power then byfliop of Salifbyrie, and afterward of Durham, muche touJoled for want of water, and fomwhat mifliking to be in claunger of the lorde of the caftle, as in thofe dayes the clergymen wou'd beare no equalls, much lefle abide their betters, determm'd to remove his choire into the valley, a'moft a myle from the caftle, and after licence obteyned, began to buyld upon the metinge of the two waters Avon and Willy: but becaule he was tranflated before he had finilhed it, Robert Bing- ham his fucceflfor fucceeded him in the labour, and performed the worke in the tyme of king Henry III. who laying with his own handes the firft ftone of the churche, made New Salifbury a cyte, endowed it with many franchifes, and gave it to the bylhop and his fuccelTors, which to this day remayne owners of it. An account of Old Sarum, as given by Dr. Stukely, in his Itinera Curiofa, taken Au- guft I, 1722. Iter. 7. I. 175. ' This city (Sorbiodunum or Old Sarum) is perfedly round and form'd upon one of the moft elegant defigns one can imagine, probably a fortrefs of the old Britons ; tlie profpecft of this place is at prrfent 'very auguft, and wou'd have aftbrded us a moft no- ble fighr, when in perfedtion, fuch a one will not be dilBcult to conceive when we have defcribed it. It fills up the fummit of an high and fteep hill, which originally arofe equally on all fides to an apex. The whole work is 1600 foot diameter, included in a ditch of prodigious depth -, 'tis fo contrived that in efFeft it has two ramparts, the in- ner and the outer, the ditch between. Upon the inner, which is much the higher, ftood a ilrong wall of 12 foot thick, their ufual itandard, which afi^brded a parapet at the top, for the defendants, with battlements quite round. Upon ftill higher ground, is another deep circular ditch of 500 foot diameter, this is the caftle or citidel. Upon the inner rampire of this was liktwiie another wall, I fuppofe of like thiknefs, fo that between the inner ditch and the outer wall all around, was the city ; this is divided in- ■Li..i>iH"iai!ii^iiJJi An Account of Old Sarum, &c. 4.7 into equal parts by a meridian line. Both the banks are ftill left, one to the fouth the other to the north ; and thefe had walls upon them too. The traces of all the walls are ftill manifeft and fome parts of them left In the middle of each half towards the eaft and weft is a gate with each a kinet before it, deeply ditch'd and two oblique entrys ; that to the eaft is fquare, to the weft round. The hollow where the wall ftood is vifible quite round, tho the materials are well nigh carryed away to New Sarum. In every quarter were two towers, the foundations plainly appearing. Then with thofe that were upon the cardinal points, the gates and the median rampa' t, as it muft neceflarily be under- ftood, there were 12 in the whole circumference; fo that fuppofing it about 50C0 feet in circumference, there was a tower at every 400. Hence we may imagine the na- ture of the city was thus ; a circular ftreet went round in the middle between the in- ner and outer fortifications concentric to the whole work, and that crofs ftreets like ra- dii fronted each tower; then there were 24 iftets of building, for houfes temples or the like. Now fuch was the defign of this place that if one half was taken by an enemy, the other wou'd ftill be defenfible ; and at laft they might retire into the caftle. The city is now plowed over and not one houfe left. In the angle to the north-weft ftood the cathedral and epifcopal palace ; the foundations are at prefent lb confpicuous, that I cou'd eafily mark out the ground-plot of it. Near it is a large piece of the wall left, made of hewn ftone with holes quite thro' at equal fpaces. In this manner have thefe eminent antiquaries reprefented the place : to which we fliall add, that the prop;rty of it, as feparated from the title, is at prefent vefted in Thomas Pitt, efq; lord ot the manor, qnd grandfon of the governor of that name. What this city was in the Roman times, the very particular appearance of the fpot will enable us to form a rational conjecture. Only fuppofe the citadel and upper city, upon the fummit of this mountain, ftill ftanding, and furroundcd, as it was, with a ftrong wall, more than half a mile in circuit: under this the lower city environed by a prodigious rampart and deep ditch ; and loweft of all the luburbs very fair and large : the river at a fmall diftance from the foot of it on the weftcrn fide-, with which when their communication fliou'd be occafionally cut off", the inhabitants and garrifon might be fupplied (tho' with much labour, as from a great depth) with foft water from the wells within their own fortifications; — and a ftronger and more defenfible place, in thofe times, can hardly be conceived. But perhaps a better idea of it may be obtained by comparing it with the ancient A- lefia in Gaul. That city is recorded to have been built by Hercules. He founded Ale- fia, fays * Diodorus Siculus, which he fo called from his -f- wandering in queft of warlike enterprizes; which became afterwards the regal city and metropolis of Gaul. It remained free and unconquered from the time of its illuftrious founder, till compelled by Csefar to receis'e the Roman yoke. It ftood in the territories of the Mandubii, now Dufemois. This country lies in the diocefe of Langre ; but has fome dependance on that of Autun, according to Sanfon. Its conqueror obferves + that it cou'd not be taken without a formal fiege; becaufe it ftood on the fummit of a very lofty hill. Be- fore the town was a valley extending itfclf about three miles in length ; but every part befide was furrounded by mountains of an equal height, placed at a moderate diftance from each other. It commanded a view of all the country round about, and had an high tower on the top of it. But he obferves further that the foot of it was watered by two fevcral rivers ; whereas our Sorbiodunum has but one clofe to it, tho' there be another • Diodor. Sic. Bitlioth. 1 4. p. 158* \ iiri t'ti ««»•'« *•'<» rMTiiar «^w. X i^sef. comm. lib. 7. on 4.8 An Accou7it of Old Sarum, ^c. on the eaft at no very confiderable didance. In all other civcumftances thefe two places were fo much alike ; that the Gallic Alcfia may not improperly be termed the model of tlie Britifh Sorbiodunum : the figure of which, as ii was invcflcd by Cafar, we have therefore annexed for ihe fatisfaftion of tlie reade--. Indeed the city of Sorbiodunum correfponded fo nearly with the defcription of AltTia in Gaul, as ic is given by Julius Ca.'lar in his Commentaries, which city is on all hands allowed to have been indebted for its origin to the Phoenician Hercules, that I fhould not fcru- ple to afcribe the foi;ndation of this alfo to the fume ilUiftrious hero-, of whole bt-ing in Britain we have abundant teflimony. Bcfides that its name is purely Phoenician ; Sorbadun in that language fignifying a dry hill. Camden ubferves this to be its fig- nification in the Briiifli tongue, but confidered not whence it was derived The Ro- mans added the termination, and Ibftened the word by the interpofition vi the vowel i. Sorbioilunum had but two gates, one on the eaftern, the other on the wefte.n fide. The ruins of them, are a kind of coarfe rag or milltone grit, fuch as are the n mains of the ancient gates at York ; and of which matter are moll of the Roman monuments a- mongft us. Camden is rather too fanguine, when he aflerts that " without doubt Searifhirig was *' derived from Sorbiodunum ; the Saxon word birig (which denoteth a town) being *' put in the place of dunum, which word the Bi irons and Gauls ulually added to places " of lofty fituation, as this Sorbiodunum is. So that as one very much fl- H<»>^' *-^ "\V' neral ; and is oriaiinallv Phoenician.- ^.^-i«»-v^ » It was fometioies called Severia, and the country Severnia and Piovincia Severorum, in honour of the emperor Severus and his fons ; tho' as they were bufied in the north, it is not provable that they could refide here any time. And from the words Severi /^^^^^^^^ ('-•vTi^tjburghus, I fuppofe, came the Saxon Starifbirig,-^and, by corruption the modern name '^^^iff'i^*^^*/ of Salifbury. /tZ/ ^^^^ Baxter in his gloflaiy of antiquities, judges it rather to have been given by the , f .■■--', . Anglo-Saxons from one of the names of the river, which was Sarifca'^ and that the Nor- i-x c-'^f'*^* mans foftened it into Sajilberia, as they did Scrobelberia (Shrewfbury) into Salopia. -*f r^ A— **'«<* , , The name of Sarum, he fays, is from Sar aiin or Sar avon, fignifying an angry or tu- .1 jl-"** H<^7 multuous ftream.^ So likewife he deduces the ancient appellation of Sorbiodunum, by ■;c t*'^'' which it is fpoken of in Antoninus's itinerary, from the Britifh Sor iii dun -, by which '•'' words, he think^, they diftinguifhcd it as the citadel and city on the fharp flream. On the other hand. Dr. Gale on the itinerary will have it fo called from the plenty of forb- apples (forbi) or fervice-trees, which he fuppofcs to have grown there. But the beft etimology, we conceive, is that before-mentioned of Sorba dun from the PhcEnicians, ' which the Romans, according to their cuftom, melted into Sorbiodunum. The itinera of Antoninus were properly routs of the roman armies, and not al- ways the direft roads. For example, the XVth from Silchefler to Exeter goes by Farn- jiam and WinchcUcr to Old Sarum. The Vllth diredlly from Sikheilcr to Wincheller, in An Account of Old Sarum, ^c. 49" in the road from Cliicliefter and Southampton to London, The IXth from the Venta Ice- riorum (Caijlor near NoTJi'ich) to London, is the beginning of the Porte-zi-ay extending from the fea-coaft at Tcrmotith to the fea-coaft below Exeter. The Vllth iter or roue again comes diredlly^on the Porte-ivay from London to Pontes (either Staines, or rather, according to Mr. Horfeley, Qfd PVi;idfor) ; and thence to iiilchcjler. There is a fine Roman caufeway Irom Silchejler to fVincheJler, as you may fee in Mr. Taylor\ map of Hants. But the Porte-ivay^ as the map fhews, proceeds (Irait on for Old Sarum by Jndcver, where it is known by thac name, palles by Amport and Porton direftly to the Eaft gate of Old Sarum, where it meets the fine Roman way from fVincbeJier, which is fhevvn in the faid map, as far as to Grately, the bounds of Hants. Fripjl'ury, alias Figjl'ury, and by fome Fighury-ring, is between thefe two Roman ways : but neither the way from Old Sarum to Winchejler, nor that from Wir.chejler to Silchejler, is any part of the Porte-ivay ; but may properly enough be termed vicinal branches. The latter part of the XVth iter of Antoninus is the continuation of the Porte-zvry from Old Sarum, by Dorchejlcr, to Exeter. So that this road, called the Porte-ixry, laid open the com- munication between the fix great Roman ciues, Caijlor, London, Silchejler, Old Sarum, Dcr- chejler, and Exeter. The encampment of Fripjhury-ring, above-mentioned, is of the Danijh form ; and may be fuppofed to have been made, when the forces oi Canute were befieging 0/^ 5rtrK?« •, while Jiimfelf with a fleet of fliips was attempting the city of London. Polydore Virgil fays, (p. 129) that Canute hearing that Edmcnd\ army was about fifteen miles from SahJImry, near Andover^ marched weflward in hafle to attack him ; and relates the engagement with doubtful luccefs^ till the traitor Edrick, mounting an eminence and proclaiming aloud that Edmond was flain, liad almoft put the EnglijI} forces into confufion ; at which time Edmond fliewing himfelf afrefli, and encouraging his troops to revenge the treachery, had by this the good fortune to turn the balance in his own favour, and had entirely defeated the Danes, if night had not prevented him. The fame night Canute decamped and fled to IVinchefter, which was then in his poiTcfllon. In the morning Edmond marched to die relief of Old Sarum, then befieged by another body of Danes. But Canute having reinforced his army at IVinchefter, marched to meet him. The two armies engaged according to Pokdcre, near Old Sarum. Canute, fays he, defcended to the battle ; fo that he came down from his camp of Fripjlury-ring, which was fought with various fuccels for two days together. On the third they relied on their arms, took fome nourilhment, and gathered up the dead bodies, which they burned, to the amount of more than twenty thoufand. The night following Canute decamped in fiknce, and marched for London, which was ftill befieged by his fliips. , It may not perhaps be amifs in this place to point out the field of batde, not far fron-» Andover, as abovementioned, where Edrick endeavoured to difliearten the Englip forces by the falfe alarm of their Kirvg being flain. Becaufe all the authors that 1 have conluhed are miftakcn in the place, from what Florence of JVcrcefter fays in the Saxon Chronicle, to vsis-, that it was fought at Seeroftan, near Pen. Speed (Hifl:. Brit, page 382/ fay?, this muft be Penham, near CiUingham, in Dorfet/l.ire. Camden fays, that Secrojian was the four-fliire's-flone, near Long Compton, in Oxfordjlire ; and his annota:or. Dr. Cibfon, thinks it to be Skerefton^ on the fofle-way, in the north-wefl; of V/iltJIiire. But how do thefe places agree with CauuU's inarching the night after the batde to IVinchefter? and with Edmond's the next morning to Old Sarum? Now Wayhill, (which Mr. Taylor, in his map, miftakingly writes JVeybill) whicli takes its name from its vicinity to the Roman Porte-zi'ciy, on which it may be tuppoled that Canute marched his army from London, is partly in the parifli of Per.ton, and the fields to die Ibuth belong to the village of Sarftan, which Mr. Tayhr's map calls Sarftm. 'l'h]s therefore tnuft have been the place called Seeroftan, near Pen, in the Snxo'n Chronicl;^ whcue fliU remain H the £0 ^n Account of Old Sarum, ^f. the monuments of the battle in the abundance of Tumuli or Barrows, in the villages of the two Pentom, on the fummit of rhe hill, and in Sarjian fields ; the Porte-way running through Sarjian, as the map fhews. There is particularly a very large barrow diredly between Ford\ where the Rcmait caufeway croffes the river, and Old Sarum; which, if fearched into, might be found perhaps to contain the burnt bodies of the flain in the above two days battle. Fot Polydore fays exprefly, that they collefted the bodies into an heap, and burned them j and ihat more than twenty thoufand fell on both fides. Old Scrum, as a borough, ftiU continues its ancient privilege of fending two members to- Parliament, who are chofen by about fourteen eleflors, or the majority of them, upon the fpot where the council or town* houfe originally ftocd ; which fpot is marked by two trees orowincT thereon •, for the town is fo totally deihoyed, that there are not the leaft veftiges of it re'mainino- ; and of the cartle, only fome fmall ruins of the once impregnable walls : the- folfes round it'^are ftill nearly as large as ever, and feem to want but little of their ancient depth : the foundation of the cathedral is partly vifible, and enough remains for the whole to be eafily traced. We fhall conclude this account of Old Sarum with tlie defcription of a coin of Edward the Ccufijfor, ftruck in this city. Whence it will appear to have been a place of all the con- Icqucnce that we have given it, and to have had a royal mint eftablilhed in it. Every one mo- derately verfed in this Ibrt of learning, knows that nothing is more common than to fee on the reverfcs of the Saxon coins the name of the moneyeror mint-mafter, and fometimes of the go- vernor of the town or province, together with that of the place or city where it was ftruck, but for the moft part abbreviated, as Cant, for Canterbury, Dof. for Dover; Eofr. ov Refer, for Eofermc or Tcrk ; Exon. for Exeter; Lund, or Lundi. for London; Leice. for Leicejier; Scrcbe. for Sbre-dfjbury, &c. The late Dr. Mead had in his pofledion a coin of Edward the ConfeJ[er^, havinw on the reverfc Godric on Sea. with the arms of that monarch. Very few antiqua- rians could tell what to mrke of this particular abbreviation, till the coin before us was dif- covered, vyhich was found at Old Sarum fome years ago, and is now in the pofle0ion of Mr. IVhitc, of Newgate-Jlreet, in London. The King is here enthroned, wearing an imperial or clofe crown. The fceptre in his right hand hath three pearls crofs-wife ; in his left he holds a o-lobe; on the reverie is- a crofs between four martlets. And this our great Camden obfervcs to be the original of the arms of the IVeJl Saxons. The legend there is Godr jc on Searrvm. This is the firft inflance we have met with of Sarum'?, being written in this rn.-inner, and differs very litdc from the fpelling in our times. This Godric may probably have been removed irom Sarin to Lcndcn in tiie time o^ WiUiam the Conqueror, and have had the management of the mint in that capital committed to his care; fince we find, on fevcral of the coins of that King, the fame name, Godric on Lvnd. We have bid before the reader an engraving of tliis coin of Edward the Con/ejor on the plate of the ftftion and plan of Old Sarum, to which we refer him ; and for his farther information on this fubjeft we alio refer him to the table of Englijh coins, publiflied by Martm Eolkes, in the year 1763, F I N &c. has been proceed to better than chitedl Sir T be juftly : was built, tower and " the nave, ;tween the le weft fide nexed, and Pes, to the ifles. The r, after the ulted with ;r, without : and repre- ne by fome to be com- cks of later it the natu- r here, the breadth yjjg/tf. iifji^^' > jCf^-^i^y ^,Mt;t • ^47 . ^^— fc-^^^^£J a ^ti ^ = c ■M ill 1^ ■ I ■ t^- - » b iL^^-Ji^B- 1^^ <^^^^B^B^rf^^^ A Defcription of SALISBURY CATHEDRAL, Sec. s-#: si'-*' )«■%<».=><( co».;*;"^]\j hirtorical account of the antiquity of this cathedral has been • I jr^-'-'^s §^ .*. gij-ea^jy given in the hiftory of 0/d Sarum ; we now proceed to A XX ^ defcription of its prefent ftate, which we cannot begin better than "ki I with the accurate furvey made of it by that great architedl Sir W ter/^i'S Chnfiofher Wren, at the requeft of Bifliop Ward. !*..v..-"-j>art not made fccure by the river. Two of the gates to enter the city, and fome of the faid rampart, are now {landing. And to fuch a fplendouf did Neia Sarum rife by degrees out cf the old Sorblodunum, that Bifliop Rickird Poore had obtained of King Henry III. for the benefit of the faid city, the privilege of changing and removing the ways and bridges leading to it, and doing therein what to them fliould feem meet, provided it were without injury to any perfon, which charter is inferted in our account of Old Sarum. His fucceffor, Robert Bingham, by virtue of thefe powers, built Hanihatn-Bridge in 1245: " Which, fays my author, I the rather take notice of, " becaufe it made luch a ccnfiderable alteration in Wilton and this place. For by " bringing the great weftern road this way, the firft prefently decayed, and the lat- " ter (which by the bye Matthew Wejlminjler reckons a county of itfelf, diftindl " from Wiltjlnre') was greatly improved. Old Sarum, ftill declining, was in the *-' reign of Henry VIl. almoTt totally deferted." But to return to our fiabjedl. - About three feet below the ancient furface of the ground, near the church, lies a flratum of hard grey, or rather black, gravel, and under that a greenifh bed of fand, which, as foon as it is difturbed, produces very flufh fprings, fcarce to be drained. Upon this flratum of gravel the foundation of the church is laid, c'onfifting of flints, chalk, and rubble, probably from Old Sa- rum, as the walls furrounding the clofe mod alluredly were, which will plainly ap- pear to any one that infpecls it with attention. This wall being built before the city was begun, and having a water- courfe round it, is evidence fufficient to prove the raifing the furlace of both the clofe and city, on the grant for turning the road. As foe the little defedls, which appear at firfl fight in the foundation of the church, they are plainly at the furface of the earth without, and at the fp cf the pavement within, between wind and water, as it may not be improperly called : they reach but a little way into the folid parts of the walls, no farther than great rains, attended with frofls, could penetrate ; and this is fuch a decay as time pro- dtfces in all the mofl accomplilbcd buildings. The more accurate foundation, as de- fcribed in plate 11. is laid upon the former, and from thence the whole fuperftruc-. ture is raifed. The "8 Defcriptioft of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. The archlte£l has been here as fingular in the manner of his vau'tings, as in the ufe of his marble pillars and fhafts, as to the butment ; for where others have co- veted to gain the greateft folidity, he has made an abfolute cavity, and chofe to have a way open to come at the upper tier of windows, as may be (ten plate III. Not but that many pirts of the building are as fingular, it being plain in fbme places, that he has added weight, inftead of providing a butment, as the fol- lowing obfervatinn will demonftrate, viz. the vaultings of the ifles have the folid walls and buttrelTes without them, to prefs againft on one fide, and only the pillars of the nave to prefs againft on the other ; which, till they were loaded by the weight of the fupcrftruiflure, could not refift the pufli a moment, as was obferved by Sir Chrijlopher Wren. And here it may be conjedured that all the fpringing ftones of the vaultings were inferted into the walls at the time of their being eredled^ and fo left till the whole church was roofed and covered in ; and then being defended from rains, 6cc. they fixed their principal ribs and groins, and turned over the vaultings, as having the weight of the fuperftrudure to adl inftead of a butmenr. Hence Sir Chrijlopher obferves, that all the churches of the gothic form are prefled inwards by the pufli of the vaultings of the fide ifles. The vaultings of the nave, though doubtlefs managed after the fame m.anner, had the outer walls and flying arches, or buttrefl^es, to prefs againft, as has been obferved, to be concealed within the cavity of the roof of the fide ifles ; and thefe probably were completed after the roof of the nave or middle ifle was covered in ; at leaft this will appear to be the cafe, upon confidering the fedion, plate III. And hence alfo it is evident, that the firft architedl had no defign to raife any arching braces that ftiould be vifible. Before we proceed farther, it may not be amifs to obferve, that the furface of the ground near the church does not appear to have been raifed of late years, as is evident in the neighbourhood. The architedl in the beginning did certainly limit the height of the pavement within, as likewife the furface of the earth without: this is clear from the following obfervati:/n, viz. Throughout the infide of the church there is a courfe of ftone laid upon the before mentioned foundation of rubble, flints, &c. reaching four inches at a medium within the walls. Undoubt- edly this was meant to be part of the pavement, as in fadt it is to this day, and more convincingly fo, under the bafls of marble, at the entrance, and within St. Mary'i chapel. This is more worthy our notice, becaufe it was impoflible to have inferted this- courfe of ftones after thofe pillars were fixed. We alfo fee a, kind of pedeftal, or poflibly a feat, of fixteen inches high, all round the infide of the church ; and upon this the bafis of the marble pillars and fliafts are laid : this may be eafily traced throughout the whole building, which plainly fliews the ori- ginal intent was to defcend by two fteps into the weftcrn part of the building, as likewife to rife by as many at the approach to the choir and the refpedlive altars, ;but more particularly to the high altar. There ■./,i 3 . /f'/AV>?y^K 1^ f^-N ^ w 3 J late' S. tojace I'offe n. j^.rruvJJr/.iyss I^J^t\u\^jrWu-r ii mentioned; for here the low buildings at Harnham muft otherwife be overflowed. And here we find that one of the piers of the north bridge has been taken away, and two arches thrown into one, for the better accommodation of the barges to be drawn up towards the city as high as Crane bridge. This conjedure feems to be proved by Leland, who affirms there were four arches in this north bridge in his time, whereas there are but three now. Notwithflanding the church has received various injuries, yet no very confi- derable ones can be proved to have been occafioned by water; neither are the fradlures which are now to be accounted for, owing to that, tliough it is an intole- rable inconvenience. There are many caufes confpiring with length of time to produce fuch defeds, the moft material of which feems to be, that the church was at firft compleated without a tower or fpire, and that both thefe are the work of fome other architedl, to aggrandize the ftately fabrick. This fugge/lion, without doubt, will be a very material one; it was partly pointed out by Sir Chrifto- pher Wren, and will certainly be proved to be the true fiate of the cafe. And firfl by fearches into and careful infpedions upon the nature of the work, we fhall find that the Cloyfter, Chapter-Houfe, and Muniment-Houfe, conti- guous to the church, were not begun till it was confiderably advanced, becaufe the ftone-work is not banded together, as it mu(l have been, had all been carried , on at the fame time. The latter being built up againfl: the former, makes it probable at leafl: that the church was begun, and confiderably advanced in height by Bifliop Poore, as by plate II, and the additions were made by his fuccefiTor, though manifeftly under the diredlion of the fame architeift. The firfi: flile or method of building may be traced to the top of the uppermofl: roofing, where a battlement, or fort of finifli, feems to be m^de to the tower, about eight feet above the faid roof. Both the difi"erence in the methods of building, and the principle that the architecfls did proceed upon, will appear by an attentive infpedion of plate I. as likewife of the weft front, plate V. and particularly the feftion plate VI, Neverthelefs this being fo fundamental a point to infifl: on, it muft be recommended to the curious to obferve the building itfelf viz. the v/eft front, the north fide, the eaft end, and the infide throughout. They will inftantly fee the whole beautified with marble fhafts, with arches on them, confifting of ^ lain curves, adorned with variety of fmall moldings. If this be compared with the two upper orders of the tower, it will readily be perceived to confift of another tafte of architedure, there being no more marble pillars or /hafts, no plain curves, or fcarce a part without carving; which is fufficient teftimony for conjecfturing, that thefe parts were neither dc- 'figned nor carried into execution by the firft archited:. To this we may add another circumftance from Biiliop God-wins catalogue of bifhops, publiflied in i6i5> page 27S, viz. " The new church of our lady " in Ne-w Salijhilry^ being quite finKhed, he (Bilhop Brideport) hallowed or " dedicated the fame v.'ith great folemnity, September 30, 1258, in the pre- " fence of the king and a great number of prelates, nobles, and other great C 2 " perfonages. I a Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, Mc. ** perfonages, all which he feafted very mngnificently." The fame author fays, page 279, tliat upon "Michaelmas day, 1280, the cathedral church was again* ** new hallowed by Boniface, archhidiop of Canterbury'. There is no account left us why this was done, nor indeed any mention of a tower or fpire : but as there was fuch a diftance of time between the dedications, there is no improba'iility in fuppofing the church was dedicated, and ufed witiiout the tower and fpire, and that afterwards, upon the completion of fo ha/ardous an undertaking, it might again be dedicated, at leafl: one may imagine thus, by the fpace of time between the dedications for the performance of fuch a work When we ex- amine and maturely confider the whole ftrufture, if we reafon from the principles upon which every part was to be condufted, we fliall conftantly come tothisconclu^ fion, that our firft architedl had no thoughts of raifing the tower, or on it to eredl a fpire j becaufe where he intended laying an extraordinary weight, there he made fullicient provifion to receive it, which, we cannot fay was the cafe in the inflance before us. It will doubtlefs be allowed by every judicious obferver, that the body of the church without and within, as high as the general roofing, the choir en>- clpfed by marble pillars, with niches annexed, the coridore above, and that beauti- ful parapet wall which furrounds the whole building, is a piece of architedture of fuch lingular and tranfcendent beauty as not to be equalled by any flrudlure of its bulk and age. But fo much cannot befaid with equal juftice of the tower and fpire, thou'^h they contribute to the grandeur and dignity of the whole. It will be very TiCeeflary to reconcile this as a m.aterial circumftance, worthy of the ftridiefl: regard. Notwithdanding the additional and extraordinary beauty given by the tower and fpire, there come fome deformities, by means of the application of various braces of fton: &c. (particularly defcribed in the fequel of thefe obftrvations) all which de- trait much from the delicate appearance of the building, and can never be fuppofed by anv man of juigment to have been defigned by the firft arehiteJ',-^J>c2.,7*i T^T'.yu-yn'm^r ..Ott^. Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 13 Ihl'aTs, are fourteen braces, twelve of which ftand partly upon the back of the wal- ling of the nave, and the other part ftill worfe, upon an addition to the wall built up in the fpandrel c,f, and upon, the vaultings. I'hefe braces could not be placed upon the midd'e of the walls of the nave, but on one fide, conibquently, what- ever weight was to act upon them, confpired with the vaulting of the ifles, to tlirull the pillars of the nave i iwards. On the wefb wall of the grand crofs, there are two braces, with three upright fupports in each; but thefe are placed on the middle of the walls, and are thereby of great ufe. Upon the outer walls, in the fame height, are eight flat arching braces; and upon the head of thefe, afTiiled by the butticfles, are twelve bows, or flying buttrelTes; four of which are excee.^ing ilrong, and the reft againft the angle of the walls of the interfcdion of the grand crofs i and therefore are placed precifely againft the hutment of the grand arches. The fouth-eaft angle, where one of thefe latter take; its rife, is greatly ftrengihencd by the braces fouth and eaft being folid. In the upper tire of windows, betwixt the pillars of the infide and walls of the outfide, are eight braces with thirty-two fupports in their conftrudion, hefides fcveial large bars of iron worked in with them, likewife twelve kinds of door-ways, or paf- fages, worked up folid : w hich by the form of the building, as may be eafily con- ceived, were left open, for the more readily coming at the windows to repair them. Thefe fupports and braces, amounting in the whole to eighty-f;ur, could none of them be fo fixed, by our hrft architecfl; belides that we find this difference in their \vork, viz. wherever the firft architefl intended to lay a great weight upon a f nail fupporf, the fupport itfelF was formed cf Pwi^t'c,^ marble, lying in its natural bed: but contrary to this extraordinary caution, the additions are Cbilniarke ftone, and even fome ot them have their bed inverted, or turned perpendicularly. Howe\'er, to go on with the additional fupports, we find at the beginning of the tower, juft over the vaulting of the churchy in .the arcade, corridore, or colonade, which foever name it may be diftingui(hed by, it may be feen in plate Vlf. that a pafiage was, in the original defign, to communicate with the feveral roofs and ftair-cafes : here al- fo is a great deal of ftrength added, upon the walls eredled over the ground arches are twelve piers and four door-ways by the ftair-cafes; on the walls of the nave and its crofting are eight flat arching braces, worked up againft the angles of tiie tower ; likewife upon the former angle- braces- are- four others, which are inferted into the walls of the ftair-cafe. Thefe, together with the former, make up in the whole one hundred. and twelve additional fupports,. exckifive of the ftrength refultin^from the bandages of iron. Thefe mcafured at the fuTalleft part, when divefted of the mouldings that drefs out fome of them, their feftions amount to three hundred eighty-feven fuperficial feet, whereas the arcade in the original contains but two hundred and fixty feet : and witli all this proviiion, it will apj^ear impofllble for an^? . fettlement to liave happened, unlefs there had firft been an extenfion. For upon the leaft fettlement, the weight which before, relied upon the grand legs, muft be thereby thrown upon the additional fupports. This being ablo- . lutely true, we may ccnjedurCj from what has^bfjen obftrrved in other parts of the , 14- Defer iption of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c, the fabrick, that had the firft architefl the leaft intention in himfelf or diredlons from others, to raife a tower or fpire, he would fooner have taken down the ar- cade, and have begun upon the walls cf the grand arches, they being fix feet thick, than to have ventured the laying fo vaft a weight upon the arcade, whicli at befl: may be called a hollow tottering foundation, though it was a mofl polite finKhing to the firft work. But to demonftrate ftill clearer, how weak and unfit this arcade was to fuftain the vaft weight, we find, on the outfide of its walls, a courfe of flone, parallel with the declivity of the roof, as a water- table for the lead-covering to be compleated underneath. This courfe of ftone is inferted into the wall, a foot at a medium, the wall itfelf being but two feet thick, and raifed with hewn ftone without and within, filled in the middle parts with flints and rubble. To this we nay add, that there are in the fide-walls of the tower eight door-ways, as many windows, and the ftair-cafes at the angles. All thefe circumftances together are enough to fright any man in his fenfes, from purfuing fo raOi and dangerous an undertaking; and yet amazing as what is defcribed may feem, it is really and critically true in every particular. Not- withftanding thefe apparent dangers, and the improbability of its duration, the work has ftood fafe near five centuries, and may yet, by diligent care and appli- cation, ftand many more; yet it feems as though the archited: himfelf was not without his jealoufies and fears. As firft, he adds a mod excellent bandage of iron to the upper part of the arcade, embracing the whole on the infide and outfide of the tower, with an uncommon care : this i?, perhaps, the beft piece of fmith's work, as alfo the mofl excellent mechanifm, of any thing in Europe of its age. Sir Chriftopher attributes the duration of the whole to this bandage ; and from the fuccefs he faw it attended with, did mofl: certamly diredl the making of others, as time fliould require, particularly thofe which, as it were, hoop the ipire together ; feven of thefe bandages are applied to that purpofe, viz. one below the firfl: network, two betwixt the firft: and fecond network, and four betwixt the middle and upper network; there is likewife a bandage round the tower itfelf, jufl below the eight doors, which was probably done by the fame advice. To make ourfelves fufficiently acquainted with this important fadl, and to pre- vent future obfervers from being mifled, it will be neceffary to divide the tower into three parts, as it appears from the order and variety of the work. The firil; is contained within the height of the uppermofi: roofing, and what probably was to have been our firfi: architedt's finilhing. The fecond is what may be very reafonably fuppofed the fecond archite<5l's beginning, (a piece of work t'lat had been more fitly beflowed on the neighbouring belfry) becaufe its walls are fix feet thick, the piers Urge and the windows finall. The third order of the tower is again reduced to a ho'lovv light kind of work, confiding of piliifters and receflTes, and on that account far inferior both in flrength and weight to the former. There might, indeed, be good reafon for this change of thought and defign ; for it is not at all im- probable C*^/^ S /^ V / ) i < ' > T n|i S^^rL-^ Sl>el. ty^ ^■Fntn^nier */rti^ Defcriptioff. of Salifbury Cathedral, &*c,i" 17 too fmall for the men to work in the infide ; and therefore we muft fuppofe, that they at laft made a fcaffold on the outfide, by thrufting out timbers horizontally, which were tied down in the infide to the central piece. It is probable, that when the fides of the fpire drew near together, io as not to admit of timber floors, then the artifts began to think of tying all the timbers up to the capftone of the fpire, and for this purpofe crofs bars cf iron are voted into the walls of the fpire, fo that the ftandard of the vane has hooks to hang them up by, and at the fame time is fixed to the upper part of the central piece, in a moil extraor- dinary manner. It is therefore worthy of the ftridleft obfervation, to keep all thefe connedlions in good repair, and particularly with regard to the ftandard of the vane paffing through the capftone ; it being fo ordered, tliat the whole was intended to hang up to the top, as will be better feen by infpedting plate IX. Thus the work was finidied, and had received all the defigned weight : our refledlions upon which, lead us naturally to cjnfider, and attend to the confequences, which muft fol- low of courfe from fuch a complication of work, as appears in this ftruflure. It has been already obferved, that the weight of the tower and fpire doth prin- cipal'y reft upon the four grand legs, and the arches extending from one to the other; alfo that the number of the braces and fupports together with the banda- ges of iron were applied to prevent exteniion, or fpreading, by their embracing and conneding the ftrong parts together, and by their pofition, conveying the pufh to the outer walls and buttrefles, little refifting ftrength being to be expefted from the flender light building within. And now we come to the point at firft propofcd, viz. to endeavour to account for, and defcribe, the true and only caufes of the feveral fradures and defedls. And in this point we muft proceed methodically, and begin with the founda- tion, which, in general, is very firm, being but little inferior to its original ftrength ; and although time and frofts, with rains, floods, &c. have produced fome decays in a few particular places, yet they difcover no weaknefs, the bending of the grand legs has been chiefly taken notice of, as threatening ruin and deftruc- tion to the whole, and may therefore deferve the firft attention. To this there are many caufes confpiring, any one of which fingly would be fufficient to produce the effed:. Firft as the fabrick confifts, as we have obferved before, of hewn ftone on the infide and outfide of the walls, fo far, at leaft, as was intended to be in fight ; and the middle parts of the walls, and fuch other parts as were meant to be concealed by the roofs, vaultings, or ctherways, are coinpofed of rubble, flints, chalk, 6cc. fo, of courfe, fuch parts of the grand legs, as the architedl meant to be in fight, ai-e Purbeck marble : the concealed parts being of loofer materials, it is no kind of wonder they fhould give way, while the v/ork was in hand, and not fettle, or confolidate together : hence the work muft be diftcrenily afteded, according to the variety of materials that were ufed. I> Secondly 1 8 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^'c. Secondly, the arches extending from pillar to pillar, and upon which the walls', of the nave and its croffings are built, had nothing one y^zy to prefs againft but the grand leg; confequently, the grand leg muft yield to the pufh : bcfides, the fubftance of the leg was abfoliitely u-afted, to receive the fpiinging flones of fuch arches, and therefore, by their own weight and gravity, niuit give way. It will be worth our while in this place to remark the difference between the Roman, or the ancient architefture, and the Gothic, in point of their arches: the former has their fpringing ftones joggled, fo as to preferve tlie curve, and yet at the fame time leave the other parts of the fame flone, with perpendicular and horizontal joints, for the fi'pport of the work above ; while the latter, following the curve only, leaves the fuperftrufture to adl like a wedge; and hence followed many diforders, from which there is no danger no.v, and what there was, muft have been while the work was going on, and then, and only then, the bend was given. It muft be thei'e, or fuch like caufes, which render all Gothic buildings feeble and yielding at the fpringi ng of the arches cf the fide iiles (as taken notice of by Sir Chrifiopher Wren). A glaring inftance of this is obfervable at the eaftern crofs of this bui d- ing, where the pillars are fmall, and therefore could not allow of fo much weak- ening. Here another difficulty was to be ftruggled with, on account of ufing fuch pillars at the angles of the crofs as are in the range of the nave ; by this one might be led to think, the eaftern crofs was to have been iinilhed at the height of the ifles. But the difficulty here hinted at, was to get projetftion enough, tor the mouldings of the arches of the nave to finiffi againft; to ob- tain which, the artill has placed large free-ftone pillars upon the leller, which are- marble. There was at this time another difficulty to be reconciled, and that was how to gain- thicknefs in the walls above, for the paifage to come at the upper tire of windows, fo as to make the whole have one appearance to the fpeftator : this was managed" by prqjedling back upon the fpandrel of the vaultings the confequence was bend- ing and yielding, for by this means the weight lay on one fide of the pillar, and not centrally upon it. This is too material an obfervation to be let flip, though it does not immediately belong to the matter of which we are now treating. Ano- ther difficulty attends this management, and that is, the voids of the fuperftruc- ture do not, nor cannot, anfwer to thofe below, and fo the vaultings of the ifles appear crooked. This was doubtlefs an overfight, and hence we may conjedure, that no model of this fabrick was ever made ; a precaution that has been found fo neceflTary of late days, and by which many fundamental errors are prevented in fuch large works. We may next obferve, that, the legs of the eaftern crofs giving way, the archi- tedl places beams or ftruts to keep the work in its perpendicular ftation, till the defigned weight of the fuperftrudlure was complete, and the materials were fettled, or became ftayable ; the fame may be faid ot the grand crofs ; but if this be not admitted as a fad, there is no doubt but that the archited placed ftruts in this planner Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. 19 manner when he firft difcovered the declination, and which became a reafon for erecting the arches of ftone in both crofiings of the nave. Daily experience fhews us, that where the walls of a building are compofed of various materials, fuch as flone on the outfide and brick within, there mult be bond-ftones withinfide at certain fpaces, or no fuch wall can fettle alike, but be- comes round, or bulging on the outfide: this deferves confideration in the cafe before us ; not but all the caufes that might confpire to bend the grand legs, are greatly aggravated by the exceeding weight of the tower and fpire : for that leg which fettled more than the other, had it been upright before, mull bend by fink- ing, as may appear by the following inflance. Suppofe an arch formed upon two fupports, and that one of them fettles, or gives way more than the other, the top or crown of the arch, though at firft truly placed, wi!l follow, and incline to the leg or fupport that fettled : this is exadlly the cafe before us ; for the crown or middle part of the arch annexed to the grand leg, is moved exadlly in proportion to thefettlement; and this mufl affedl the whole building, as well as the feveral braces before taken notice of, and juftly fuppo fed to guard the fabrick againft ex- ten tion. The fadl is, that the whole is preiTed out of its upright, and fo nearly alike, both north, eafl, fouth, and wefl, that the reverfed arches in the eaflern crofs have partaken of the pufh ; and indeed it is wonderful, the whole did not decline more that way, confidering how much the eaflern parts have been weakened. This makes it manifeff, that thofe arches were a very early and judicious work: nor can its flability be afcribed to any thing elfe ; unlefs it may be fuppofed, that before their erediion, the grand legs and pillars annexed, had been prefTed as low as weight could force them : this may now become the reafon why the extenfion docs not continue. There is yet another caufe to be afiigned for the fradures, namely, the fpread- ing of the grand arches, which mufl of courfe be the means of the crown of each to fettle down below the level, or flrait line, which threw the weight more im- mediately upon the angles, while the middle part, with the pillars and walls of the arcade, was adling in the wedge-like form already defcribed. The exceliive weight of the tower and fpire, mull, by that adlion, fradure the walls of the ftair- cafes, in the fhocking manner we find them ; and had not the bandage of iron, io much commended by Sir Chrijlopher Wren, been an early work, without doubt the whole mufl have fallen into ruin. From thefe effedls, the necelTity appears, for applying fo many arching braces, more than could be defigned at firfl; and here let me make a farther obfervation upon the extenfion, which, in fail, is a very ef- fential one. It is concerning the braces placed in the upper tire of windows, of the Tiav^ and its crofs, juil at the haunch of the grand arches. In the formation of thefe braces, it has been obferved, there are thirty-two up- right fupports ; thefe now remain in their perpendicular flatlon, though the walls of the outfide, and the pillars of the inlide, have a manifell declination, T his D 2 makes 20 Defcription of Salisbury Cathedral, &'c. makes it d- monftrably clear, that there was a furprizing pufh given to the whole building before they were placed. And this is corroborated by finding that fuch parts of the arches, in the grand and eailern crofles, as were meant to be upright, are fo flill (the pufh eaftward only excepted) which could not have been, had the pufli been given afterwards. It is not at all an improbable fuppofi- tion, that the fecond architedl had placed his whole confidence in the iron ban- dage, before taken notice of; concluding, that the butment of the grand arches, was already fecured by the length of the building each way, from them to the outer walls and buttreffes ; and fo fixed up all thefe braces, when neceflity called for them, and not before. If this conjecture be true, as it is moft likely to be, we can with the more confidence affirm, that the building is fafe, and capable of being kept fo. It is very evident, that nothing but the extenfions could have been the caule of thefe fradlures, which certainly encreafed, as the tower and fpire advanced ; and that when the whole v^ ork was thoroughly fettled, thofe chafms ceafed to encreafe : and to corroborate with this, upon an infpedlion of the walls and nave, juft above the vaultings of the fide ifles, within the cavity of the roof, we find the firft and worft fradtures very vifible, and the fum of them all are exadly equal to the bend of the grand leg : and ftill the feet of the braces (before taken notice of) are quite firm, and without fradlures; the intended upright parts are aUb perfedl, which could not have been the cafe, had they been fo placed, before the tower began to be raifed. As for the many cracks, and fraflures In the vaulted cielings, other caufes may be afligned, though the v> hole frame of the ftrudure, tnufl have been excefiively ftrained by the extenfions. Thofe of the main body, and its croffings mufl: have adled with great force at the flriking of the centers, and might fettle a little, as moft arches do. To this, confider the decay of the beams, and plates of the roof, vihich by time and negledl becoming rotten, (js by Sir C^ri/lop/jer fFren's furvey) the whole roof aded as an arch ; fo that the weight of the materials, of timber ai.d lead, confpired with the weight of the vaultings, to fpread and fepa- rate the walls : add to this, that thefe large roofs are gready aiJedled by ftorms and gufts of wind. The fradtures in the vaultings of the fide-ifles are occafioned chiefly by the want of beams, or ties in the original roof, which would have coupled the walls together; inftead of this the principal rafters, or trufles, are framed archways, and therefore the weight of the materials has adted with the weight of the vault- ings, to thruft the pillars, and walls of the nave, inwards; the outfide, being af- fifted by the buttreffes, could not yield, as may more evidently appear, by confider- ing the geometrical fedion, plate III. In this part a regular method has been ufed by the aitifts, to prevent fpreading, which is this : in raifing the walls of the nave, they placed large Purbeck ftones, with a joggle head, projecting out a foot beyond the outer face of the walls, at the intended top of the roof, which were tied Defcrtpuon of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 21 tied down and fixed by the weight of the fuperftrudlure : thefe ftones were fo prepared, that a piece of timber was to lie horizontally upon tliem, clofe to the outfide of the walls, and confined by the faid joggle-heads. To that piece of tim- ber the tops of all the rafters were fixed, fo as to hang up by it, and fo prevent Spreading. This methoJ, though artfully contrived, has not the happy effe£l one would have imagined; and experience fhews, that beams viould have anf vered better, and for this reafon ties have been fixed to all the roofs of the fide . illes that were capable of a repair. The connedlions of the roofs have likewife been made fecure, where they flood in need of fuch helps. It is apprehended by certain dates, dif- covered at the weft end of the nave, alfo near the fouth-weft grand leg, and other places, of 1619, and 1620, that the chafms in the vaulted ceilings were repair- ed at thofe times, and lines ridiculoufly drawn upon the plaiftering, to reprefent the feveral courfes of chalk of the vaultings (as in Wejlminjler abbey, and other places) ; but this only ferves to fiiew, that the fradlures, which now appear, have been the effeds of time, which, as has been before faid, muft be entirely owing to the decay of the timbers that conftitute the roof, the repairs of which have been vigoroufly attended to fince the year 1734 : thefe have been carried on at the expence of my lord bifliop Sherlock, the dean and chapter, together with the generous benefadtions of fome noblemen, and others of the neighbourhood, be- fides the annual rents of the fabrick lands, applied to that purpofe. Here follows a Lift of the Benefactors,. ^. s. er this • £ a. alfo) 28 Defcnptton of Salifbury Cathedral, ^«fr. alfo was done for the greater convenience of coming at the uppermoft tire of windows, or not, cannot be determined. On the north and fouth fides of thefe flair-cafes, there is a large flying arch, to prevent fpreadiog, and it is moil probable that they were always fo intended, as we might have expeded to find others to the eaft, had the tower and fpire been in the original deiign. The reader may obferve that great pains have been taken to prove, that there actually were too ditterent archited:s, and two didindt finilhings of this great work: an enquiry fo neceflary towards the forming a jull idea of the fracftures now to be found, that there feems to be no judging of its flate and condition without it. Indeed it is mofl: likely that the firrt archited died before the Lifer ornaments were fully compleated; which opinion cannot be fo well ftrengthened, as by recommending fuch of the curious, as have an opportunity to infpecl the feveral pinnacles; and here, that they may form the better judgment, we (Tiall proceed to point out thofe terminations of the north porch againft the belfry, as famples of the firft archited:'s part. Here it may be obferved, that the angles are adorned with one large pillar, drefled out with marble fhafts, as in the church : the fliafts have on each fide of them a light tender fpire ornamented, and on the pillar, a large one riling above the others, which give thefe pinnacles fuch a grace, as is not vifible any v/hcre elfe. The fouth-fide of the grand crofs, and both terminations of the eaftern crofs, have trunks thus carried up, but have no fpires or hniOiings. We likewife find, that upon the parapet walls of the terminations of the north and fouth ifles, as alfo at the eafi; extremity of the building, there are no-v the marble bafes for pinnac'cs of the fame kind, that were never carried up higher. And befides thefe fadls, we may conjedure that the ornaments, which were to finiOi the eaftern pediments, were never compleated till of late by hifli-^p Sherlock. The gable ends, or pediments of the eaftern crofs, at the height of the upper roofs, were compleated by timber, covered with lead, and therefore not likely to have been left fo by the firft architedl. Thefe therefore were taken away, being likely to fall, by diredion of the fame perfon, and ereded Vvith ftone, to be agreea- ble with the others. The choir of this cathedral, if one may judge from that part near the altar, was at firft enclofed by a plain wall on the outfide, ftanding upon a deep plinth, while the infide was ad rned with niches, marble pillars, and tender oinaments on top, to finifh the niches the more delicately, as thofe now are on each fide the altar, and at the entrance of the choir from the weil. When the church was firft finifhed (without the to-^er and fpire, as it moft undoubtedly was), by the delicacy arifing from that infinite number of marble pi lars, which were all poliihed up to a glofs; the choir thus adorned; the windows glazed with painted and ftained glafs (for I find both ufedj ; the beautiful arcade within the tower, crowning the whole, which was then clear from the de ormity of the braces, nowfo vilible; the pavement of inlaid brick, as ftill v\e fee it in the chapter- lioufe, 1 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. 29 houle, munlment-houfe, and many of the chapels; it mufl: have had a moft venerable appearance, and could not fail of exciting the admiration, and cf charm- ing the eye of every beholder. The choir was made in the form it nov? is at the return of king C harks. ~T\\t marble pavement was done by Dr. "John ToianJI^end, in the year 1684. — And the organ was made by a fubfcription of gentlemen, in the year 171 1, by Mr. Renatus Harris. — The eagle, f r the leflbns to be read on, was made in the year 17 14, by Mr. Sutton, founder, of London, at one hundred and fixty pounds expence. The paintings and the vaultings are cfteemed for their antiquity, hav- ing been ever fince the dedication of the church. Over the choir are the prophets, and under the eaflern crofs are our Saviour and his apoftles, as alfo the four evangelills. Over the communion or altar are the twelve months of the year. Cn the cieling of the faid crofs is reprefented the book of the revela'ions of St. yobn. The bilhop's throne was done by bifliop JVard, in 1673. The dean's feat, partly un- der the organ, has the royal oak and union reprefented, as being done in dean Breadoak's time, at the return of king Charles. Behind the high altar is the antient altar of St. Mary, and the confeffional chair. Towards the north and at the backfide of the altar the men confelTed antiently, and the women towards the fouth, as may yet be feen. There are two ftone arches from eafl to wefl in the eallern crofs, which is not an antient work, fuppofed to have been done in Inigo Jones's time and by him. After faying thus much, it may perhaps feem trifling to fpeak cf the windows correfponding with the number of days, the gates and chapels refpedtively with the number of months, and the marble pillars with the number of hours in the year; intimating poffibly, that not a month, a day, an hour, Ihould be entirely abftradted from religion. Its fituation is very lovv. This was a Angular piece of caution or of negligence, of art or error, lliall I call it ? in the founders and architefts of this noble pile. But fuch alfo was the fituation of the famous temple of Diana at Ephejus, which, Pliny fays, " was built in a marfliy foil, in order to fecure it from the " effeds of earthquakes, and the foundation made firm with coals and fleeces *' of wool." In like manner, tradition fays, that this cathedral was founded upon wool-packs. But which, I fuppo'e, may be rather owing to f,)me t-ix or duty impofed upon that commodity (with which this county, above any other, abounds) towards carrying on the work. Not unlike this is a tower at R-jan in Normandy called the butter-tower becaufe eredted on an excife laid on butter, and future ages may fay the fame of St. FauV?, and other churches in the city of London, that they were built on Newcajtk coals, becaufe of the tax laid on that com- modity. But ihofe perfons, who, oppofing this lownefs of fituation to the loftinefs of the fpire, would thence infer a fort of c.ntra.lidion in the work, are extremely mif- taken. For there are inconteftable proofs in the building, that this was no part of jo Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c, of the original defign ; but an after-thought, executed by a genius mod daring and not to be difcouraged by an'-' difficulties. We muft not difmifs thi- part of the fub;ect without taking more particular notice of the declination of this tower and fpire, which leans to the fouth uefl: two and twenty inches and 3 8ths. Many caufes might concur to this. But the chief I take to have been the origi- lul fettlement of the work and the flendernefs of the foundation for fo enormous a weight, which refts, as aforementioned, upon four pillars, like a table upon its four legs. But as Sir Chrijiophcr in his furvey aflures us, that if it ftands at a ftay, there is no great fear of danger; and as it appears from Mr. Price, that u hat- ever accidents have befallen lince the finifhing and fettling of the work, may be hindered from bringing on its ruin by a proper application of iron ; and as every thing of this kind, which feemed necefTary, has been abundantly provided for of late years, and there has not been the leaft encreafe of the declination fince the year 1681, when the firll: experiment was made; it feems reafonable to conclude: that all apprehenfions for it are groundlefs and unneceflary. In that year Mr. Thomas NaiJIj, (then clerk of the works) and fince that Mn. William Naijh, in the fame office, uled a particular method in trying this expe- riment, viz. after many trials they fixed a ftaple near to the weather door, in the.- north ealt angle of the octagon, which doubtlefs was the higheft part managea-- ble for the principal timbers: at the middle and outfide of this- ftaple, the line,, with a plummet of fufficicnt weight, was let down to the pavement at once, and there the center of the plummet was marked upon the faid pavement for future repetition. This was the mod; fimple andeafy way to keep a regiller. Both thefe gentlemen concluded from their trials, that there has been- no chinge in the de- ' clination. In 1736, the late Mr. Naifh tried the fame experiment, and found all as ufual. But becaufe this was efteemed fo eflential towards the judging of the- duration of the fabrick, bi(hop Sherlock called in the judgment of ^^tot^j Af///,. gentleman, of London, who fuggefted another method, almoft as eafy to repeat as the former. To proceed- the more exadlly with this, it was firft found the true center- of the buildings or ratlier- the center of the four grand legs: fr nn this center a line was produced due weft, at leaft fuch a line as the form of building pointed out to be fo. The like care was taken to produce another line diredtly north, which was continued as far from, the building, as was manageable for a. w-all in the church-yard. At this place a triangle of long poles was raifed, unit- ed at their tops, and fpreading at bottom: from a point on top, aline, with z plummet of fufficient weight hanging by it, was let fall into a vellH of water, irr arder to hinder, as much as poffible, the vibration of the line and plummet. The vefiiel of water, and the poles, were moved- 'till it was iudged; that the plumb- line did reft upon the faid north-line : this being fixed, a lighted candle was plac- ed upon the weft-line in the church, that was produced from the center. And this candle was moved, till it was agreed by perfons ftanding behind the triangle, of the poles, wlio could fee the middle .of tlie capftone, or ball of die fpire, andl Defcription of Salisbury Cathedral, ^c. 31 *nd the light of the candle, that they were cut exaftly by the plumb-line. This agreeing by feveral viewings behind the poles, the center of the candle was marked upon the pavement, and meafured fixteen inches and a quarter from the true center, confequently the total declination to the weft. This was done 'July 1 8, 1737, in the piefence of the billiop, and others. The weft line was a1fo continued as far from the building, as was manageable for the church-yard wall, and there the triangle of poles, w ith the velfel of wa- ter, plummet, &c. was fixed as before, a lighted candle being placed upon the north line in tlie church, till by diftind: viewings the center of the capftone and the light of the candle were at once cut by the plumb-line, and then the centre of the light of the candle being marked upon the pavement, proved to be 24 inches and a half from the true center before defcribed, and of courfe was tlie total declination to the fouth. This was done on the 27th of the fame month. In the prefence of the bifh^p, and feveral other perfons of curiofity and judgment. A parallelogram being described as thefe lines and points diredl, and the dia- gonal being drawn on it, ft^iews the whole and true declination, meafurlng 22 inches and 3-8ths to the fouth v^-eil. Bat although this gives the detlinadon at once, whhout addition or deduc- tion, I tliink the former method, ufed by Mr. Kailh and his father, is moft to be relied on, till accidents fliall hinder the application of it. Their remarks be- ing made upon the common pavement of the church, blQiop Sherlock thought it might be the better way to take all poilil'le care of, and remark the point of the plummet's center, that it might be transferred to a ftone of more fuhftance, with a foundation brought up from the na'ural foil to reft upon, as thereby lefs fubjecl to be moved. And in taking the neceiTary care, it was thought the heft way to find the true center of the building, or rather of the grand legs, which it was eafy to mealure from the fquare parts of the marble bafes, that ftand clear and meafureable in the noitli and fouth ides. Thefe lines being drawn fo as to point out the true center of the gr nd legs, the center of the atcrefaid plummet falls to the north two inches and a quarter, and to the eaft feven inches and an half. This may be a guide in times to come, and to mark it the better, there are "holes drilled into the marble fteps leading up into the choir, as likewiie on the old marble tombs to the weftward. 1 here are likewife holes drilled into the J common pavement, north and fouth, \\hich may become a guide while the pavement remains in its prefent fituation. By thefe means the new ftone was fixed, and on November 3, I739j the late Mr. iV'//7j tried the ufuil experiment, and found no va-iaticn; therefore a brafs pin is iiifcrted in the new ftone, where the center of the plummet did ufually fall. This will remain a fufticient diredtion for future obfervations ; and it ferves to {hew, that there has not been the leaf! increafe of the declination, during the ipace of fifty-ciglu years, viz. fince the firft obfervation s^as made. This 32 Defcriptioji of Salifbury Cathedral, ^r. This having been thought a material point of enquiry, I cannot do juftlce ta the deceafed perlbns, without inferring their care. And firft, Sir C'.rijiopber Wren, by trial of part only, comp ited the whole to decline to the fouth twenty- itvtn inches and an half, and to the well feventeen inches and an ha f. This ex- periment was made in Augufl, 1668. Bat he then fuppofed his calculation would not conclude to an inch, though it was fufficient to fhew, that the tO\ver and fpire did decline. Mr. T'bomas Naiffo, doubtlefs by feveral experiments, concluded fr n\ plumbing within-fide as high as he could, and from thence to the top, by plumb- ing on the outfide, that it declined, in 1681, to the fouth t^'enty-four inches, and to the weft fixteen inches. And here it is remarked, that from the weather door to the extreme top, part of the declination was to the fouth four inches and feven-tenths, and to the weft three inches and feven-tenths I apprehend, the declination could not be taken to this exadinefs, without a fcafFold on top : and hence, I conjedure, it was done when the late vane was new, or at leaft when the additional iron-work was made to the ftandard. It has been lately tried by Mr. NaiJlSs, method, and no declination appearing, one might conclude, that if it could ftand without motion for feventy-tv/o years now in its decline, it had very little addition fince the fird fhocks. It will greatly ftrengthen this fuppofition, by obferving from fafts, that this de- clination is not in a diredl line, as it muft have been, had it arifen from any one Ungle caufe. And firft, at the height of eighty-eight feet from the pavement, viz. juft above the vaulting of the nave and its crofting, there is a decline of 3-8ths of aa inch to the fouth, and 7-8 ths of an inch to the weft. This is d jubtlefs by the in- equality of the preflure of the grand arches. Again, at the height of two hundred and feven feet, viz. the top of the parapet wall of the tower at the eight doors, there is a declination to the fouth c)f nine inches and fcven-eighths, and to the weft three inches and three- eighths j from the pavement to the bottom of the weather door at tlie height of three hundred and fifty eight feet, the declination to the fouth is twenty inches, and to the weft twelve inches^and an half; and laftly, the top of the capftone is three hun- dred eighty-feven feet above the pavement; where the declination appears to be to the fouth twenty -four inches and an half, and to the weft fixteen inches and a quar- ■ ter. From thefe remarks it Is plain, that the declination Is not in all parts alike, for the nearer the top the greater is the decline. The bending to be found on examining the grand legs, as taken in I73<5, will, be ftiewn by the following table^ Inclination "J 1 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral^ ^'c. 33 fcclination to the center of the build- Declination from the center at the top ing at the butment of the arches of of the marble fliafts, at the fpring- the fide illes. ing of the grand arches. Inches. Inches. The north-eaftl On the weft fide i? ■>■ ■ ■ oj grand leg, 3 On the fouth fide i > — — 2? c .t- n. 1 7 On the weft fide o * — ■- — -js ^^"^^-^^^ ^'^S'l On the north fide II J4. South-weft ■) On the north fide o _ 2. grand leg, 3 On the eaft fide i| — - — — . — a ■NT .u n.1 ■} On the fouth fide li -j. JNorth-weft leg, J-^ 1 n./-j ,t ^* ^ 3 On the eaft fide if — 4 The declination of the outfide walls at the extremity of the nave and grand crofs, will appear from infpedting the annexed table, made in the year 1739. DecHnation from the center. Inches. T- . , ■) Weft pier next the north ■ ii Extremity north, >-,:> n -n .. ..u ^u •*. •' 3 Eaft pillar next the north ■ *— — ^l p, . n 7 Firft pillar from the leg, north fide ' ■ oi ^ '3 Firft pillar from the leg, fouth fide ' — or T, • /• 1. 7 Ealt pillar next the fouth - of Extremity fouth, f rxr ^ • ^ ^u r ^i^ ^ ^ 3 Welt pier next the louth • • ■ nt ^ . ^ •) South pillar next the weft ■ — 21 Extremity weft, j j^^^^j^ ^.„^^ ,^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ _ ___ ^j By duly attending to thefe tables, particularly the former, it will appear, what influence the arches of the nave and its crofs had upon the grand legs, by the pufti of the fide-ifles towards the center of the building : and at the fame time will be feen, what an eiTe-eft grand leg. The walls and pillars marked R, S, T, V, U, W, X, Y, Z, &, A*, B*, C*, D*, ftill ap- pear unaffeded, the greateft fettlement being one inch and eleven fixteenth parts of an inch, and that alfo to the weft. From thefe circumftances, I think, we may almoft to a cetainty con- clude, that the principal extenfions and fettkinents now appearing about the whole. IXoA- // yo^^r^'J'iife 34- ^ IT m ^i IS ^# At. B.| 2^fif4tft/fVi*tffO,^^ 5%zt'. /o. /aJiuf'J'.t^ 3S rPru^Hft. i;-te T.StuirJn/u,-r il£ Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, fsfc. 35 whole, were occafioned before the fixing of the many braces and fupports, that niay now be found. On the parts marked E, G, H, K, N, O, the principal fra^ures are to be found, viz. in the fpandrel of the vaulting, immediately below the roofs of the fide-illes, and eaftward of the grand crofs. Thefe levellings were taken in the year 1737. and repeated and improved in 1743. If thefe obfervations be thought neceffary to repeat, future obfervers muft proceed as we have done, taking this mark ® for their guide, and from it proceed refpeftively to this marl< r, which is carefully inferted in the plan, plate XI The reafon for being thus particular, is, becaufe one part of the fame bafe is higher than the other : for inftance the leg A, has its bafe higher at i and 2, than it is at 3 and 4: this difference is owing to the bend of the leg. It is likevvife necelTary to obferve, that thefe meafures are taken upon the furface of the Chilmark flone, immediately where the marble bafes are placed. And here I ought not to omit mentioning, that at the time thefe levels were taken, examination was made to try whether the courfe of ft:one formerly hinted to have been defigned as part of the pavement, was continued under the grand legs : and here under the prefent ffone pavement, part of the original brick pave- ment was found, and that being juft level with the faid courfe of Itone, it becomes the ftronger convidion, that the inlayed brick pavement partook of the fettlements with the grand legs ; and therefore a fort of proof, that the church was finiflied and ufed before the tower and fpire were eredied. The parapet walls, that furround the whole building, do exaftly agree with the fettlements of the foundation, as by the table is expreffed. For the more exadl height of the tower we refer the reader to the following accurate experiment made by Colonel yo;^« Wyixdham, in i6?4, by a barometer, viz. " the height of the weather-cock of our lady's church at Sali/bury, from the ground is 4280 inches. The mercury fubfided in that height /A of an inch. He affirmed that the height of the faid fteeple is four hundred and four feet, which he hath tried feveral times, and found always to anfwer exadly." The tower by this account Is twice as high as the monument and one hundred and feventy- nine feet higher than the fteeple of St. Mary-le-boiv, London. We come now to the chapter- houfe, an odfagon with an arched roof fupported by a very fmall pillar in the centre. Around the infide in a frieze is expreffed in fl:one the hiffory of feveral paffages in the old teflament. The precife meafure of this and of the cloyffers we have given already. It may not be amifs now to turn our eye upon the neighbouring belfry. This muft have been the produ(fllon of the firft archltecff j for there never was the leaft provhion made about any part of the church for bells to hang in. The walls and buttreffes of this building, are of a like kind with thofe of the chapter-houfe and cloyfters. It has in the center a fingle pillar compofed of Piirbeck marble lying in its natural bed ; which fupports the vail load of the floors, the bell frame and F 2 bells. 36 Defcriptkn of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. bells, the timber tower, the fpire above and its covering of lead. 'Tis wonderful to find this pillar as firm now, as the builders could polTibly leave it : but it illu- ftrates their care, in obferving to lay the ftones, of which it is compofed, in the fame natural pofition as found in the quarry. This building (hews how far the furface of the foil has been raifed fmce its erection ; for we now defcend into it. This church fuffered much injury in the great rebellion, (but was repaired and beautified partly at the expence, and much more by the indefatigable induftry, of Eiihop JTardJ when the following revenues, lands, &c. were fold by an ordinance of that infamous parliament to feveral facrilegious purchafers, who, at the mofb glorious reftoration, were forced to rcftore their ill-gotten polTefTions to the true owners, as it is taken from a very valuable manufcript, in the polTeflion of 'Thomas. Rai^HnJbn, of the Middle T^cmpk, Efq; F. R. S. viz. JSovember 15, 1647, A tenement in Salifbury, in Wilts, fold to George Lcgg, for ■ >C' 3- o ^ Ditto, the royalties of Sanim, and certain lands, fold to the mayor and commonalty of New Sarum, for - - 359°7^ 26, 1647, A tenement in So lijhury, to T'hofnas Boftvell - 35 o o Y>ino, To Edivard Staples - - - - - 3200 Ditto, The manor of BiJl:opJlon to John Oldfield and Matthew Cendrick - - - - 2261162I February 14, 1647-8, The manor of MarJlo?i Meyfey, in Hants, {o\Ato Robert Jetiner, for - - 1 092 12 9 | March 22, The manors oil-vy church and Alderbury, and 200 I, per ann. out of Durham-Hoiife, in London and Wilts, be- longing partly to the fee of Durham and partly to this, {did to Sidney Bew znd Ferdinand Packhwji, for 7280 2 4 March 24, The manors of Keighaven and Dio, in Hants, fold to Robert Hobham :ind Ricljard Hart, (ox - - 624 3 il ywie 3, 1648, The court leet and royalties of Pottern, in Wilts, to William and Thotnas Barter - - 43 17 4 July 12, The lordfliip of Pottern \o Gregory Clement - 8226 7 2i Ditto, The manor of Chardjlocke, in Dorfet, to Lawrence Maydwell zndjohn Pinder, for - - -524297 Ditto, The palace of Salijbury to William and Jofeph Barter, for 880 2 o September 28, A fee-farm rent of 260 1. per ann. in Dorfet, to Ihotnas Brown — — -- 2730 o o Feb. 7, 1648-9, The manor of MonElon Farley, in Wilts, to William and Matthew Brooks, and Francis Bridges, for 2499 1 1 ^ March 1 6, The manor of Bipops-Cannons, Wilts, to Samuel Wichtwicke - - -.'- - 6065157^- The Defcriptio7i of Salifbiiry Cathedral, ^c» 37 Ditto, The manor of BiJJjops-Lavington, Wilts, to Edward CreJ'ei, for - - - - _ , 146^ S 2t March 2 r, A fee-farm rent out of the Manor of Burton and Holvejl, in Dorfet, to Edfinmd Harvey, for — 600 o March 23, The manor of Loaders, in Dorfet, to Richard Hunt, for ~ ~ ~ — 2264 19 9 Sept. 19, Ditto Martin and Dameram, Wilts, to Sir William Litton — — — — 2335 14 o Sept. 1 9, 1 649, The manor of Lavydon, Dorfet, to Andrew Henly — ~ — 2094 2 2 4- Feb. 28, 1649-50, The manor of Feigheledon, to William Methioold — — — -- 518 o o May 24, 1650, The manor oi Bleii) berry, Berks, to 7(5/6;z Do-y^- 33 6 8 .Sf/)/. 28, The manor of Winterborm-Earls, to 'John Dove 338 6 1 1 I 50286 6 oi The members of this church now are a Bifliop, Dean, Chauntor, Chancellor and Treafurer, three Archdeacons, viz. of Sali/bury, Berkjhire and Wiltjhire, a Sub- Dean, Sub-Chauntor, forty-five Prebendaries at large, feven of which are Refi- dentiaries, and commonly called Canons, of whom the Dean is one, fix Vicars Choral, feven Choirmen, Laicks, one of which is Organill, fix Choirifi:ers, befides Sextons and Virgers, and other inferior Officers. We fhall conclude our account of this Cathedral with an obfervation addrefled to thofe who are fo prejudiced in favour of the Grecian architecture, that nothing which is Gothic will go down with them. And true it is, that when an Architect examines this, or any other Gothic Strucflure by Grecian rules, he finds only de- formity. But the Gothic architecture has its rules, by which, when it comes to be examined, it is feen to have its merit, as well as die Grecian. The queftion is not, which of the two is conduced in the fimplefl or truefl: tafte : but whether there be not fenfe and defign in both, when fcrutinized by the laws on which each is projedled ? Of Of the Monuments and Chapels, &c. L E T us now take a furvey of the monuments and chapels within this Cathedral. In the body of the church, on a fair large black tnarhk, in gold letters, is this infcription : S. M. Dr. AUBIGNY TURBERVILLE, M. D. & ^nna uxoris chariffims ; Haec Stemmate, Religione, fpedlabili prognata, Jacobi Ford Ecclefi^e de Haw Church Dorceftrise Comitatu Paftoris vigilantiflimi filia ; Optimo marito uxor optima, Cui Pietas, Prudentia, ali^que omnes virtutes Pari jure fummeque diledlae. Ille ex utraq; profapia illuftri pariter & antiqua oriundus, Weyfordiae agro Somerfetenfi natus DEI cultor fincerus & affiduus, egenis largus, univerlis Amicus facete comis et beneficus ; Denique grande Probitatis exemplar emicuit : Caeterom OPTHALMIvE Scientia adeo prjEcelluit,. Ut IPSE, folus ab omni terrarum parte, Pulchre notus fuerit et celebratus, Cujus fama hoc marmore pcrennior nunquam peribit. r HJEC xvto Decembris y Natura; con-jAnno iEtatis Cux LXXXtio ^MDCXCVI ceirerunt ^ILLE xxi Aprilis C (Anno ^tatis LXXXV. )MDCXCVI Oh noftram omnium fortem lugendam ! Quali fruebamur, dum enituit vivus, Quanto privamur, cum infra jacet extindlus ■ SOLUS OCULORUM .ESCULAPIUS. ■ Ufider a black marble grave-ftonc underneath lies. Dr. DAWBENEY laRBERVILLE, 1696. iJnder a lahite frce-Jlone Anne Turberville, his wife, 1694, Under Defer iptton of Salilbury Cathedral, ^c, ^9 Vnder a black free-pne, Mrs. Frances, wife 0/ Mr. James Blackborrow, of the Clofe, and niece of' Dr. lurberviile, 1716. Under a black marble, ?nore fouthward, Katherlne Harvey, widow of John Harvey, Ef{; of Alvington, in the Ifle of Wight, 1674. Under a white marble, Edward, fon of John Harvey, Efq; aforefaid. On a black marble grave-Jlone is this infcription i H S E. THOMAS MULLENS Natus Fefto Sti Thom.® M D C C I I L Mortuus Fefto Circum- cifionis MDCCXV. At the weft end of the fouth ifte, under a grey marble grave-fi one, lies Rowland, fon of Rowland Laugharne, Efq; of St. Bride's, in Pembrokefliire, 1691. On a grey marble grave-ftone, near the door of the biftjop's court, is this infcription : Hoc eft facrum dcpofitum Reverend! Admodum Magiftri Hill, in Collegio Chrifti inter Athsnas Oxonienfes Studentis, de Knoyle in Comitatu Wilts Redloris, et deinde hnjus Ecclefise Canonici Refidentiarii, inio per meritam Et notabilem Regiae Majeftatis Caroli Secundi gratiam eledti promoti, Qiii poft multos et feros annos Omnibus, fed huic prsefertim Ecclefiae, Larga manu beneficus, foil Denique Chrifto devotus et confecratus, Vigelamo Martii Annoq; D'ni 1694-5 Obiit et expiravit. On a white freefone grave flone are three foxes ftanding on their hinder feet, and a crefcent charged with a mullet for a difference, and in capitals this in- fcription : H. R. I. P. Sub fslicis Reftirredtionis Spe Edvardus Lynche, G. Qui 40 Defcnptwn of Salifbury Cathedral, &c. Qui Morbo haereditarlo Teneris contabefcens ab ungulculis f,I^ Eheu Nobis immature nimis. Satis mature fibi, Animam Deo reddidit VIII. Id. Decembr. Vi^tatis lua^ xxi. ^j^"° ISalutis MDCLXIX. Under another marble grave-Jione, like to^ and near, the farmery lies Thomas Brent, Gent. 1664. Under a grey marble Jione, Francis Saintbarbe, Gent. 1684. Under another grey marble fi one, Mrs. Jane Robertes, of the Clole, 1684. Ufider another of grey marble, Mrs. Chriftian Robertes, of the C\ok, 1688. Under another of grey marble, ATr. John Saintbarbe, 1(^83. Under a white rnarble grave-Jlone, Mr. Francis Robertes, 1688. Under another of white marble, Mr. Punchardon Robertes, 1687. Under a white grave-Jione, Majier Francis Robertes, 1688. On a black marble monument, enchafed in white, on the futh wall, is this in- fcriftion in gold capitals: To the Memory of Mrs. Mary Cooke, Wife to the Right Honorable Colonel Francis Cooke, of Great Chiftiil, in ElTex, Daughter of Augustin Mervin Sonne to John Mervin, of Pert worth, Efqr. who died 21 Sept. 1642. What Duties moft commend a virtuous Wife To God, to Hufband, and to Parents due; Thofe (Fame reports) (he pradis'd all her Life, And bids Poflerity believe it true. And that her Dowries and fweet Guiftes of Mind, To her leave Praife, to hers leave Griefe behind ; One Sonne fliee had, which was to her fo deere, That whiles fhee fjave him Life, flic dead lies heere. On a grey marble grave-fone in capitals, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Elizabeth Hyde (youngell Daughter of Alexand. late Lord Bidiop of SarumJ Who died Novemb. 5. 1675. On Defcriptton of Salifbiiry Cathedral, l^c. 4 r On another fmall grey marble grave-Jlone, is this infer iption: H. S. E. Anne Colman Daughter of Richard Colman Efqr. And jinne his Wife, who died the 18 Jun. Ann. Dni 1676. Aged 5 Years 6c 4 Monthes. On a brafs plate fixed to a grave-fion ; are the arms of the church of Sa- lifbury, empaling a chevron, charged 'with a mullet between three lozenges, and underneath is the following infcription : Sifte viaf^r, Hac itur in patriam. Hie propter fitus eft Alexander Hyde Familice (quam late calcas) Pars magna, Ecclefiee (quam vides) Caput ; Cujus erat in adverlis non inconftans Filius; In profperis Reverendus Pater, In utriufque Patronus. Quippe utriufque hujufce faeculi fortunai non ignarus ^rumnis major erat et fuperftes. Par honoribus, Adami inftar faslicitate juxta ac adverfis notus, Adamo fa^licior quod femper innocens, Annos ferme duos Epifcopatum adornavit. CfoIoCLXVI. et LXVII. Ilium LoW/;;/ cineribus Hunc fuis mirabilem. ji^tatis Lxxm. annum tantum non tranfegit. Si Annos numeres vitam pene hominum vixerat, Plufquam hominum, fi mores. Obiit XI Calend. Sept. An. 1667. FxYix olim fi fub hoc Regimine, fjelicior pofthac Ii ad hoc exemplar Fueris viator. Vale. On a grey. marble grave-fione near the former, is this infcription: M. S. Annce Lambert Thomce Lambert S. T. D. hujus Eccl. Sarum Archi-Diaconi & Refidentiarii G Vi- 42 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &*€. Viduae PientifTimae, Maritum habuit primum Reverend, Ed-ward, Hyde S. T. Dm. Inter multa & clara fuas gentis nomina, hoc in loco fepultum. Secundum habuit GuUelmwn Hearji Mediclnae Dodtorem merito Laudatiflimum, Obiit Martii ig. Anno Dni 1698. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infcription i Edivard Colinan Eldell: Sonne of Richard Colman Efquire, and Amie his Wife, eldell: Daughter pf Edioard Hyde, Dr. in Divinity, died an Infant of the Age of 9 Monethes, April 2. 1664. Vita itnmaculata eft iEtas fenilis. Sap. C. 4. V. 7. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, partly obf cured by a pe-w, in capitals, is this inicription : H. S. E. Domina Hellena Lowe, Johannis Lowe Equitis Aurati Uxor C . . . ra, una ex natis et cohsredibus Laurentii et AmphilUs Hyde juxta intumulatis, qu^ obiit Sexto die Odlobris Anno Dom. Millefimo fexcentefimo fexa- gefim primo, et a^tatis fu-£ trigefimo primo. On a 'white marble tablet, on the foutb wall, is in a loz. az. a chev. or. between three lozenges of the fame, and this infcription : M. S. i Elizabeths Hyde iilia2 Alexandri, \ Hujus Ecclefiffi nuper Epifcopi : ^ Sacro Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. ^^ Sacro fub hoc Marmore Conduntur cineres Sacratiores Viginis ad miraculum fandlx". Qua; raro pientiflima; caftitatis exemplai' ibli Chrido fe totam devovit, foli Chrifto defponfata On a black marbk tablet, fupported with two ionick black marble pillars, cnchafed In •white marble, is this infcription : Henricus Hyde, Eques Auratus Laurentii Hyde, Eq. Aurat. ex agro IViltonienJi Gentis AiigUcance quatuor plus minus lullra In Peloponefo Conlul, Ecclefia; ibidem Fundator, Carou II. Mag. Brit. Regis Apud "Turcarwn Imperatorem Internuntius. Vir Arduis admotus et par negotiis, In Manus facrilegas Perduellium Wejlmonajlerii confidentium Invidorum perfidia tradituSj Defenfe reus Majeftatis IV. Nonas Martias MDCL''- Securim qua periit deofculatuS Invidendo plane Martyrio fCaroli I. ad inftar) Aufpicatiffime baptizatus, Exulantis Caroli viclima, Redituri vates, Excellb evedus pegmate, Animo longe excelfiori Hymno ifto Evangel ico Orationem inchoavit, Finivit vitam Gloria Deo in excelfis. In terris Pax, Hominibus 'E-^»?t«; A°- iEtatis XLV. On a grey marble grave-Jlone underneath, in capitals, is this i?ifcription : Heres lies interr'd Mary the Daughter of Henry Parker G 2 E% 44- Defcriptton of Sali{bury Cathedral, ^c. Efq; and Margaret his Wife, eldeft Daughter of Alexan- der Lord Bifhop of Sarum, who dyed the 24. of February, Anno Dom. 1666. being an Infant of three Weeks old. ' On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. Henricus Hyde Miles, Viator fi vis plura, Lsvam confule. •On another grey marble grave Jlone, is this infcription: H S E. Edvardus Hyde Sacras Theologian Do(5lor, Filius (*) Laiiren/ii Hyde Kquitis Aurati, qui obiit decimo fexto die Augujli, 1659. Anno i^tatis fua? 52. Sub eodem jacet Anna filia ejus natu maxima, et non minor virtuti- bus, Relida Richardi Colman, de Brenteley in Coinitatu Suffolk, Armigeri, quas dum genuflexa __j in hac Ecclefia Deo fe vovit, Deo potita eft per Chriftum; DeceiHt quarto die Aprilis 1703. die celebrandae Refurredlionis, Anno ^tatis fuas fexagefimo quarto nondum complete. On another grey marble grave Jlone, partly objcured by the pews, in capitals is this infcription : H. S Katherina Hyde, Relidl .... Hyde Arm'- juxta recond .... Obiit 13. die Aiigufli .... Dmi 1661. Ano. ifi^tatis 5 . . (•J Sic irig. On Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 45 On another grey marble grave-Jione, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. Laurentius Hyde, Miles Qui obiit 26 Jan. An. Dni 1641. On another grey marble grave-Jlo?te, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. Barbae Hyde, Uxor Laurentii Hyde, Alilitis quas obiit 24 Aug. Anno DKl 1641. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is the folloiving infcription : H. S. E. Bobertiis Hyde Miles, Laurcnui Hyde Equitis Aurati Filius natu fecundus; Capitalis Anglic? Jufticiarius Qui obiit I Mali MDCLXV. Againji the South walljlands a handjome inonnment of black and white marble, and in an cvaJ, is the biijlo of a perfon in a judge's habit, wearing his cap, and col- lar of S. S.'s ; and on a white marble tablet, all railed in, is this infcription : Vir Gravitate morum primaeva, viduatarum Judice, Legum lervantiflimus, violatarum a«jfj.ro;n!?.K vindex. Nee affli(ftorum laboravit, nee faelicium morbo, Publica inter naufragia malaciafque. Idem ; Allr^a tandem revifente terras Et Patrui semulus, et Patruelis fummi, Gradibus juri debitis, ad fummum afcendit fafti'gium Capitalis totttts Anglic Justiciarius ; Dubius quadras, An honoratior fuerit in Turrc captivitas, Vel pro Tribunali Purpura j Ubi Utriufque tabulai apprime gnarus, Utriufque (*) Cuftes integer Et Plebis alylum et Cleri fautor. (•) Zk dig. Un- 46 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. Underneath a little lower, on a black marble, is th: following infcriptton : H. S. E. Ordini par Paterno, Fraternoque ROBERTUS HYDE Fqucs Auratus Laiirentii HYDE Militis filius natu fecundus, Cathedralis hujufce lidere aeque Pyramidis invida Sacrilegorum Vafritie alias rniturcB inter Inftauratores annumerandus, Urbis nimiruni ce!ebritati confulens Urbanicano licet exaudoratus munere Caelo maturus, Siderante perculfus morbo derepente ad fuperos avolavit ad Calendas Maias Anno yEtatis LXX. falutis reparats MDCLXV. Cujus acerbiirimum defiderium mserens Conjux hoc teftatur marmore. On a black marble grave Jhtie is this infcriplion : Hie jacet Fredericus Cohian, Richardi filius, Armiger Obiit Jan. 18. 171 1. On the South wall, tinder an atrb fupported by two black marble Corinthian pillars, is a Lady kneeling before a dejk, with a book lying open upon it, and over her head checquy P. S. atg. and foible, crejl a cockatrice, over one of the pillars H. E, over the other T. E. No better thought, then thincke on God, and dayly him to ferve. No better guift than to the poore, which readie are to flerve. On the dcfk are thefoe verfoes: Elleonora jacet conjux mea chara fub ifto Marmore : ni charam flevero, marmor ero. Fxmina multiplici virtutis amore decora Illecebrafque foli, fprevit amore poll. Sandta fuit, fande vixit, lanfteque recelHt, la cselo tandem fandlior ilia manet. T. S. Maritus defievit. * Underneath on the wall, on a black ground, in capitals, is the foollo^ving infoription : A Memorial! of the trulie vertuous and religious (*) Elihonor Sadler late of this Clofe of Sarum, lineally defcended from the auntient and worfliipfull family of the Saintbarbes of jifoington in Somerfotfoere, (-)-) and Cofen German to that thrice worthie Lady IValfongham, who was Mother to the noble Countefle of **— — ■ — — .-..-■■■ , ■■— , „ ■ ■ ,...—■- , ; • - I --■ , , _ . ^ (*) Zic ori^, (f) Sic crig. EfTex Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^r. 47 EJfex, this Elihonor was the Wife o? Hugh Po'^^'/Efquire, High Sheriff of the Countie of Brecknock in South-Wales, and principal Regiller of this Diocefe and then after IX yeares Widowhood maryed to Thomas Sadler the elder, Efquier of the body to the Kings moft excellent Majefly that now is, and one of his Hii^hnes Jiiftice of the Peace, and ^.orum within this Countie, who likewife hath (*) byn Rcfritter to lix Reverend and worthie Bilhops of the fame Diocefe, her fervent Zeale to the Gofpel, her daylie pleafure and delight in the true {-f) lervife of God, her pietie, fanftitie, chariiie, and connnual care of the poore, both this Clofc, Citie, and Countrie can fufficiently teUific, ao-etl upon LXXX. yeare?, llie died January 30, 1622. and was interred (according to her (§) owne define) under this her pew (wherein with great devotion ihee had ferved God daylie almoft L. years) her SoLile refteth with God till the generall Refurredlion, when fhe rtiall rife agayne. Anne Poivell, together with and her In the South crofs ijle, agalnjl the Weft w^//, on a black marble tablet cnchafed in ichite^ in capitals, is this inJ'criptio7t : Quid marmor auro fplendidum intueris Mortalis ? deledias potius oculos ad cineres pedibus fi:bjedos, ibi reliquias immitis et decennalis morbi reperie-, qui in hac ipfa urbe primum corripuir, Poftremo confecis piillimum, Innocen- tiirimum, Nobilillimum Virum, Robertum "Jacohi Coinitis Carliolerjis Fratrem Natu mincrem, ex illuftriflima et antiquif- fima Hayorum apud Scotos profapia oriundum, qui optimo Regi yacobo primo e cubiculariis internis Domini gratia nemini invidos a omnibus benigna ufus, ad tubae fonitum illinc refurget. Abi Peripatetice, defundli virtutes, dum licet, Jmitare, brevi in cineres ta etiam redigendus. On a grey marble grave-Jlone underneath, in capitals, is this infer ipt ion: Thomas Hawks late of the Clofe Efqr. deceafed the 26. Maye 1678. i*) Sic crig, (t) Sic crig, (§1 Sic orig. On 48 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, is the following infcription r Elizabeth the ^Vife of Thomas Hawles, Efqr. deceafed the 29. of OSlober On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is the following infcription : M. S. Gulieimus Hinton, Thowet Jiinton Equitis Aurati Frater, cum vitam longam fie tranfegiffet, ut seternam fperaret, hie in Dno requiefcit. Obi it 5 die fimii Anno D.^ MDCLXII. i^tatis LXXXV. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infcription z Here lies Anne Seymour Widdow of Roger Seymour of Lamborne Woodc lands in the County of Berkes, Gent, and Daughter of Edmond Hawles of Mounch- ton, in the County of Dorfet, Efqr. who dyed the 17. day of Apr ill 1666. On another grey marble grave fione, in capitals, is this mfcription : Anne the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Hawles, died the 12. day of Augull 1667. in the 1 6th Year of her age. I On the Weft wall, o-a afmall black marble tablet, enchafed in white free-flonc, in gold capitals is this infcription : Milo Sandys, Henrici Sandys e Comitatu Buckingham Armigeri filius natu maximus, Obiitdie Aug.g. 1632. ^tatis fucE 22. On a grey marble grave-fone, in capitals, is this infcription . Hie Fredericus Vaiighan, ! hujus Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c, 49 hujus Ecclefiae Prsbendarius, heu fubtus jacet A^- 1662. Feb. 10. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitalst is this injcriptiou : Franc'ifca Conjux FreJerici Faughan, hujus Ecclefia; Canonici, Faemina pr^nantiflima, Et ad omnia pietatis opera parata Hie pofita eft ultimum expedlans diem, obiit Jun. 6. 1662. On a hrafs plate in the Weft wall, in cap it ah, is this injcripttont Hac cifta reconditur gemma pulcherrima, Urfula Sadkir Georgii et Katharinee filia, Virgo ultra ;Etatem prudens, et religiora, ultra lexum fortis et morbi patiens, ultra formam humanam Angelica, cui moribus igneus idem erat quod filia; curfus, eamque triumphantem in (i) Celum fuftulit, exufta nafcendi potius quam vivendi macula 'Julii 18. 1 64 1, ^tatis fus ii. TuperelTe nolente fororcula Katharuia, quce feptimo die fubfequente mortis egit fabbatum, et confopita hie jacet. On a grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infer iption : Hie jacet Edwardus Houghton Medicinas Dodlor ( I ) Sic irig, H Profeffione ^o Defer jptio7z of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. Profeflione quam moribus infignis, Ille folum propter hoc .... honorandus Artem tamen fuam non vita longa comprobavit Morte exuvias aetatis fuse 50 19. Decembris Anno falutis fuae 1666. On another grey marble gra-oe-Jlone, is this infcription : Here lye th the Body of Mr. Patience Bennett Widdow, who died the 27''' of Augiiji 1694. On //6^'Wefi: ic'«//, on a fair black marble enchafed in white free Jlone, in gold capitals is this infcription : Defideratiflimi capitas CaroH Langford, "Jobannis F. Buckinghami- enfis generofa familia orti L. L. Bacc : et utrJLifque Collegii B. Marine Oxonii primiim, Dein Wintoiiict focii, qui obiit anno vEtatis fuse 29 : Sifte gradum viator, viatorem adfpicein medio de- prehenfLim itinere, qui a Wiccha- micorum ca?tu H'intonienfi Cuftodi Comes datus ad fundos Collegii vifitandos, dum per banc Urbeni iter fecerit, repentina vi morbi oppreffus interiit. At o quails juvenis quantce turn fpei, turn etiam rei, certe in ftatura niodica et ?ctate baud magna, vix ufpiam ma] us exemplum Pictatis, Euruditionis, Virtutum denique omnium, quas dum fanc- te et ftudioie coUuit fupergref- ; fus jam fere modum bumanum, j Angelorum inferitur Choro f Ipfo S. Michaelis et Omnium Ange-.. : lorum die. An. Dom. MDCXXXV lefcriptio7i of Sali{bary Cathedral, &'c. Margareta FiUola, Doloribus antea, Nunc cineribus utriufque commlxtis Dedoluerunt. Ilia 9^ 1^^^^^''" r""°tSalut. MDCLXXXII. ^ On a ivhke grave Ji one, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. Gidielmus Coles, Gcnerofus, Qiii nbiit Vicefimo die Marcii, Anno Domini 1673. Anno jiEtatis fuse 82. On another grey marble grave Jlon ', is this inscription. Here lyeth the Body of Margaret, the Wife of IFilliam Coles Efqr. who dyed the 8. of Apr ill, i6yi. Aged 80 Years. On a /mail white marble grave-Jlonc, nearer the Weft end, is this infer iption : Here lyeth the Body of Dorothy, the Daughter of Wi'liam Coles Gent. and Dorothy his Wife, Who died the 1 5''^ day of July, in the 3"' Yeare of her Age, Annoque Dom. 1 700. On another, like the former, is the following infcription : Here lyerh the Body of (i) DoUy, the Daughter of PVi'liam Co'es Gent, and Dorothy his Wife, who dyed the 13''' day of Jiir.e A°* Dom. 1705. Aged 10. Months. ( I ) Sic erig. On Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c, d^ In the middle ijle of the body of the church, on a grey marble grave-Jione, is this tnjcription : H. S. E, Samiel Jecock, A. M. Hujus olim Ecclefia? Vicarius Choralis, qui obiit Mart a 1 6, Anno D°' 1704. On another grey marble grave Jlone, is this infer iption; H. S. E. Stephamis Morris de Claufo Sar. Gen. Vita, Moribus, Ingenio Laudatiflimusj Arithmetica, Nautica, Geometrica, Univerfamque prope Mathelin perpulchre calluitj Et in Civitate hac complures per Annos fumma cum induflria, fumma felicitate docuir, Hifce Muneribus (immodicam fortaffis Certe) afliduam navando operam Cachefiam contraxit, Annis abhinc plus minus duobus Qua indies ingravefcente tandem obiit die Martii XXIV. . (DniMDCCIX. Anno-< ' iEtatis fux L. On another grey marble gnive-fione, in capitals, is this iiifcr iption H. S. E. Barbara London Uxor W- London, unius Vicar. hujus Ecclefice et ante Maur. Horner. .... en luce ob. 1. Sept. 1661. On 64. Defcriptton of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. On abrown free-Jlone grave-Jioney in capitals is the following infcriptionx H. S. E, Johannes Tucker, qui obiit fecundo die Maii, Anno Domini 1672. ^tatis fuae 1 7. On another, near and like the former, is the folhuoing infcription .♦ H. S. E. 'Johannes Filius Francifci Sambrooke, qui obiit vicefimo tertio die OBobris, Anno Dni 1670. Anno Miz. fuas 10. On another, near and like the former, is this infer iptiom H. S. E. *fohannes Tucker . . . , Obiit fexto die . . . .. arii. Anno Domini . . . ; ^tatis fuae 2 . . . ^ On another^ near and like the former, is the following infcription : H. S. E. Franc feus Sambrooke^ qui obiit B" • die fanuarii. Anno Dni 1660. ^tatis fuse yy. On another grave-Jlone-, is the followifig infcription: Hie jacet Elizabetha Petri Clujigeon oppido Southamptonienji Mercatoris reli(5la. Quae annum agens feptuagefimum fecundum XV. die OBobris obiit Anno Dni MDCLXV. Hoc Elizabetha Sambrooke, Pletatis ergo in Charifllmam Matrem mierens pofuit. On ^^Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c, 65 On another grave-Jione, is this infer iption : H. S. E. Francifcus Sambrooke, qui obiit 5 ^^Decembris, Anno D"' 1668. On another grave-Jlone^ is the following infcriptton. This covers the Arties of Mrs. Eiiznbeth Sambrooke^ Widow, who died i 3 . Feb. 1705. Aged 74 Years. On another greyifo marble grave-flone, in capitals^ is this tnfcription : H. S. E. Durantius Hunt, qui obiit vicef- fimo tertio Apr His, ibji. Before we leave the BcKly of this Church, we inuft not forget the moft remarkable Tomb in it, *vhich afforded much Matter of Speculation, till the whole Affair was cleared up by a very Learned and truly Great Man, once Prebendary of IVinterbcrn-Eisrles in this Church ; viz. John Gregory, M A who amonc the feveral Pieces of iiis, publifhed under the Title of Gregcrii Poflhiitnj at London, in 1650, i66r, 1664,1671, 1683, all in 4/;. has one ex profefo, on theSubjeit of this iMonu- ment Entituled Epifcopus Pucrortan in die Innocentium : Or, A Dijcovery of an Ancient Lujtom in the Church of ?>AK\Jf.\, making an Anniverfary Bijhop among the Choki%tek& ; trom which I (hall exincl the following remarkable Paffages, and omit what in this Piece may leem more foreign to my Purpofe 'In the Cathedral of Sari/m, there lieth a Monument in Stone, of a little Boy habited ♦ all inEpifcopal Robes, a Mitre upon his Head, a Crofier in his Hand, and the reft accordingly » The Monument lay long buried itfelf under the Seats near the Pulpit, at the removal whereof » it was of late Years difcovered, and tranllated from thence to the Ncrrh Part of the Nave, where « it now lieth betwixt the Pillars, covered over with an Iron Grating, not without a genera! ♦ imputation of Rarity and Reverence ; it feeming almoft impoffible to every one, that either a B:jAo:> « could be fo fmall in Perfon, or a child fo great in Clothes. , , « Having confulted with the moft likely Men I knew (whereabouts I then was) to what iroment ♦ of Antiquity this could refer, the Anfwer ftill was. That they could not tell ; and from one too, ♦ from whom it feldom ufed to be fo, the late Learned Lord Bilhop Afountagtui who alfo earneltly ' appointed me to make further Inquiry after the Thing ; not doubting but that there would be ♦ fomethino- in the Matter, at leaft of curious, if not fubllantial Obfervatiori. 'Returning therefore fiom thence by Sal^iury, I obtained a perufal of the old Statutes of that ♦ Church, intending afterwards to have looked over the Zn>.;-5../;. 1) But hnd.ng in the 5/.V«/.;, ♦ a Title b. £^;y;^/^ Chorijlarum, concerning the Chorifter-Bmiop, 1 began to thi.^k my Bufinefs (2) In a M. S. Copy of the Statute, of Eton College '^^Buckingbampire,vrtkTvei-^r^i^^^^ \T}nJcrJ M 9 i MuLo Numb. 18. in the Statute intit. De modo tt temponbu, d.cendt Miffas Canontcasjn t. Pueroruin, V Ln 66 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. was well-nigh done already ; and indeed a Circumftance of the Chapter direifled me to their Procef- fional, and°fo I came to perceive that the meaning of the Monument was thus. ' The Epifcopui Ckorijiarum, was a Chorirter-Bilhop ciiofcn by his Fellow-Children upon St. Nicholas's Day. Upon this Day rather than any other, becaufc it is iingularly noted of this Bi- ihop, (as St. Paul faid of his Timothy) That he had known the Scriptures of a Child, and led a Life fantlijfme ab ipjh hicunabilis inchoatam. The Reafon is yet more properly and cxprefsly fet down ill the Englilh FelVnal. " It is fayed that his Fader hyght Epiphanius, and his Moder Joanna, &c. And whan he was " bom, &c. they made him ChVillen, and caled him Nycolas, that is a Mannes Name, but he ke- " peth the Name of a Child, for he chofe to kepe Vertues, Meknes, and Simplenes, and without " Malice. Alio we rede while he lay in his Cradel, he fafted VVednefday and Friday : Thefe Daves *' he would fouke but ones of the Day, and therwyrh held him plefed ; Thus he lyued all his lyt in ♦' Vertues with this Childes Name. And therefore Children don him worfliip before all other Saints," &c. Lib. Fellivals in die St. Nicolas, fol. 55. ' From this Day, till Innocents Day at Night (it lafted longer at the firfl) the Epifcopui Puero- rum was to bear the Name, and hold up the State of a Bilhop, anfwerably habited with a Cro- fier or Palloral-Staff in his Hand, and a Mitre upon his Head : And fuch an one too fome had, as was rnaltii Epifcoporum Mitris J'umptuofior, (faith one) very much richer than thofe of Bifliops indeed. ' The reft of his Fellows from the fame Time being, were to take upon them the ftile and counterteit of Prebends, yielding to their Bifhop (or elfe as it were) no lels than Canonical O- bedience. ' And look what Service the very Billiop himfelf with his Dean and Prebends (had they been to officiate) was to have performed, the Mafs excepted, the very fame was done by the Chorifter-Bi- (hop and his Canons, upon the Eve and the Holy- Day. ' By the Ufe of Sarum (for 'tis almoft the only Place where I can hear any Thing of this ; that of York in their Procelhonal feems to take no Notice of it) upon the Eve to the Innocents Day, the Chorifter-Bilhop was to go in folemn Proceffion with his Fellows ad altare Saniia Trini- tatis, C5 omnium Saniiorum as the Procellional ; or ad altare Innocentium five Sanifa Trinitatis, (as the Pie) in capis, i^ cereis ardentibus in manibus, in their Copes, and burning Tapers in their Hands, the Bifhop beginning, and the other Boys following. Centum quairaginta guatuor, Ufc. then the Veif. /// cmpti funt ex omnibus^ i3c. and this is fung by three of the Boys. ' Then all the Boys ling the Profa fedentum in fupcrna majejiatis arte, i^c. The Chorifter-Bi- (hop in the mean 'I'lme fumeth the Altar rirft, and then the Image of the Holy Trinity. Then the Bilhop faith mode/id voce the Vtrf. Latamihi -, and the Rcfpond is, Et gloriamini, Uc. then the Prayer which we yet retain : *■ Deus, a/jus bodierna die pneconium Innoccntei Martyres ticn kguendo, fed moriendo, conftfft funt^ omnia in nobis vitijrum mala mortifica, ut fidem tuam quam lingua nojlra loquitur, etiam moribui vita fateatur : ^i cum Patre & Spiritu San£lo, &c. ' But the Rubrick to the Pie faith, Sacerdos dicathoth the Prayer and the Latamini, that is, fome Rubricks do ; otherwile I take the Benediftion to be of more Prieftly Confequence than the Oremus, is'c. which yet was folemnly performed by the Choriftcr-Bilhop, as will follow. ' In their return from the Altar Praccntor puerorum incipiat, isc. the Chanter-Chorifter is to begin De Sanita Aliria, (s'c. the Refpond is Felix namgue, &c. Et ftc procejfio, &c. ^ The Procefllon was made into the Choir by the Weft Door, and in luch Order (as it fhould fecm by Molanus) Ut Decanui cum Canoniiis infimum locum, Saceilani medium Scholar ei vero cum fuo In quibus Mijfj ts" ProceJJioniLus necnon in matutinis fs" Mijfa in diem Cornmemoradonis Animarum, et. n matutrnus illis quit dlcenter cum nota ante noilis tenebrai, ac ttiam in 'uefperis i£ comflelorits generalittr in omnihus horis qure dicuntur Ji've nota in cana Domini, Parajceves et Sahbato fancto, necnon in Procejjionibus in tribus diebus R-'gationum et /tmilitcr in MiJfa quie tunc poj} finitam procejjionem cum nolo ad fummum Altare juxta Ordinate Sarum iclebrari debebat, •volumus Prrspof.lum, Vice-Prtepojitum , Socios, Scbolares, Capellanos Clericoi et Chorijjat omnei et f.ngulos in diiio Collegia pr/efentes, caufa ceJf'aHte legitima, in Choro ad omnia di'vina offcia prttdida ibidem tunc dicen- da Jive caneiida perjonaliter intercjfc, cum nota hujujniodi cjf.cium juxta formam Ordintdii Ecclejite Catbcdralis Sarum, ite-votee'/tleaniter exequatur, exceptoin fe(lo Szt\Qi Nicolai, in quo, et nullalenus, in fefto Sanctorum Innocentium divina officia prxter MifTa: fecreta cxeqol et dici permutimus per Epifcopum Puerorum ad hoc de eifdem an- nis finguUs cligendum. £pifcop0 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, t^c. 67 Epifcopo ultimum bf dignijfmum locum cecupent, i^c. That the Dean and Canons went foremoft, the Chaplains next, the Bifhop with his little Prebends in the laft and higheft Place : The Bilhop taketh his Seat, and the reft of the Children difpofe of themfelves upon each Side of the Choir up- on the uppermoft Afcent ; and the Canons Refident bearing the Incenfe and the Book, and the Petit Canons the Tapers ; according to the Kubrick, Ad ijlam prcttjjiomm pro difpofit'r.ne pucro- rum fcribuntur Cationici ad min'tjirandum iifdem ; Majores ad thuribulaiiduin Lf ad librum dejcroiduw, Minorei ad tMdelabra portanda, is'c. ' And from this Hour to the full End of the next Day's Proceflion, Nullus Clericorum foUt gra- dum fuperiorern afcendere, cujufcunq; condhionh fuerit. ' Then Epi/copus Iti fedejua dlcat verjum, Speciojits forma, tsfc. Diffufa ejl gratia in labiis, tuts, tff. then the Prayer, Deus qui falutis aterna, i^c. Pax vobis, is'i. Then after the Benedicamui Domino, Epifcopiis Puerorum in fede fua benedicat populum in hum modum ; that is, the Bifhop of the Children fitting in his Seat, is to give the Benediiftion, or blefs the People in this manner: ' Princeps Ecchjla:, p.ijlor oviJis, cun^am plcbem tuam benedicere diguerii, is'i. Then turn- ing towards the People, he fingeth or faith (for all this was in piano cantu ; that Age was fo far from fkilling Defcant or the Fuges, that they were not come up to Counterpoint) Cum manfuetu- dine I3 charitate kumiliate vos ad benediilionem ; the Chorus anfwering Deo gratias. Then the Crofs- bearer delivereth up the Crofier to the Bilhop again : Et tunc Epifcopus Puerorum prima fignando fe in fronte fie dicat, Adjutorium uo/lrum in nomine Domini ; the Chorus anfwering, ^li fecit caelum i^ terram. ' Then after fome other like Ceremonies performed, the Epifcopus Puerorum or Chorifter-Bilhop, beginneth the ComDietcriutn or Complyn ; and that done, he turncth toward the Choir and faid, Ad- jutorium, i^c. Then laft of all he faith, ' Benedicat vos omnipotens Deus. * Pater, ij Filius, & Spiritus Sauifus. * In die faniiorujn Innocentium ad fecundas vefperas accipiat Cruciferarius baculum Epifcopi Puerorum, {5* cantent Antiphon, Princeps Ecclefi-e, i^c. ficut ad primas vefperas. Similiter Epifcopus Puerorum benedicat populum fupradiito modo, i^ fie ccmpleatur Servitiuni kujus diei. Rubric. ProceJJional. ' And all this was done with that Solemnity of Ctlebration, and appetite of Seeing, that the Statute of Sarum was forced to provide, Sub pana majoris Excommunicationis, ne quis pueros illos in prafata Procefiione, vel alias in fuo minijterio, premat aut im.pediat quoquo modo, qui minus pacifici valeant facere ds" exequi, quod illis imminet faciendum, &c. ' That no Man whatfoever, under the pain of Anathema, fliould interrupt or prefs upon thcfe Children at the ProceiFion fpoken of before, or in any other part of their Service in any ways, but to fuffer them quietly to perform and execute what it concerned them to do. ' And the part was adted yet more earneftly ; for Molanus faith, that this Bifliop in fome Places did reditus, cenfus, ijf capoiies annuo accipere, receive Rents, Capons, &c. during his Year, &c. And it feemeth by the Statute of Sarum, that he held a kind of Vifitation, and had a full Corrcfpondency of all other State and Prerogative ; for the Satute faith, Elecius autem puer Ckorijla in Epifcopum, modo folito puerili officium in Ecclelia (prout fieri confuevit) licenter exequatur, Convivium aliqusd de ctstero, vel Fifitationem ; exterius vel interOis, nullatenus, fed in domo communi cum fociis converfetur, iSc. Ecclefiam i^ Scholas cum ceteris Chorifiis fiatim po/l Feflum Innocentium frequcntando, iic. ' More than all this, Molanus telleth of a Chorifter-Bilhop in the Church of C'-mbray, who difpofed of a Prebend which fell void in his Month (or Year, for I know not which it was) to his Mafter, quaf. jure ad fe devcluto : ^ain collatior.em beueficii ver'e magnifici Revcrendiffmus Praful, cum puer grata animo magifirum luum bene de Ecclefui meritum nominufjet, gratam isf ratam habuit. ' In cafe the Choiifter-Bifhop died within the Month, his Exequies were folemnixed with an an- fwerable glorious Pomp and Sadnefs. He was buried (as all other Bilhops) in all his Ornaments, as by the Monument in Stone fpoken of before, it plainly appeareth. ' For this Antick at the Child, it is alfo a little to be fpoken to : ' This manner in Sepulture is very ancient and ufual, both in the Chriftian and the Common Intereft ; and yet methinks 'tis a hard matter to fix a through-pac'd Reafon upon it. * The Arabick Nubian Geographer hath this piece of Story : He very fully defcribeth the Sepul- cres of the Septem Dormicntlum, (tiie 'Fhir.g I think is not fo, but will ferve the Turn as if it were true) and then faith. 68 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedraf, ^c. « At the Feet of thefe dead Sleepers, and to each of them, a Dog lay to the Tomb, his Head: reflext upon his Tail. ' It will be a I'afe and eafy way howfoever (and I think 'tis true too) that all thefe Appwntmcnts of Gentry came down from the Egyptians. It feems we have not obferved yet how much of the great Bufinefs ot Heraldry we have taken from them ; whereas we that wonder at this odd kind ot Writins, exprefs and turn it into Englifh ourfelves. Paufanias in his Bceetu.i, where he fpeaketh of the Sepulcies of tb.ofe Thebans, which fo ftoutly fell in the Macedonick War, faith. That their Tombs had no Infcriptions, c'Ti.fa^e iTiVm i ^^" a/i'm but the Statue of a Lyon flood by, as to ftg^ nifie their Courage (and Fortitude.) Piolemsus the Ph;ellian rendreth the Original of thefe Things up to Hercules : but that huge Name fignifieth fo much and fo little, that I know not how to make the Synch''onifm. • The Matter, if it be taken from the Original, is plainly Hieroglyphical. That People were the firft that read neither backwards nor forwards, but a way of their own. Cauflinus and others may be feen to the 37 Hieroglyphick of Horus Apollo. ' For the Thing here, the Head indeed and Fore-part was much defaced, but it was not unto- ward to guefs the Dragon by his Tail ; where yet I did not only make ufe of my own Sagacity (fuch as it is) but of that alfo of my ingeruous Friends Mr. Edmund Chilmead, and Mr. Richard Goodriilge, who difcovered no otherwife upon the Place. ' The little Monfter (I think I may call it fo) feemeth to acknowledge itfelf to fome Noble Fa- mily; but I believe 'tis higher yet ; and, as to exprefs a Bifliop in every point, referreth to that of the Pfalmift, Concukahis konem iff dragonem, i^c. For the fmalnels of this Matter had reafon to en- title it to the divined looks they had at that Time ; and a Child of this kind might be thought fit enough to tread upon the Old Serpent. At the upper End of the North Ifle, behind the Altar, is a fair Tomb of Pur- bec Stone, over which is an Arch fupported by four twifted Corinthian Pillars, and four Pllafters ; on the Top of which are four Pyramid?, bearing Balls on their Top; on the Top ot all is a Globe, whereon is a Cube, and on the Globe — • ab URNA AD j^THEREM — At the four Corners are the four Cardinal Virtues, and Fame with a Laurel and Palm in her Hands; underneath are the Figures of a Man and Woman at full length, he in Armour, his Head fupported by a Cufhion on a Head-piece, and his Feet by a Horfe : She in a Widow's Drefs, and her Feet oa a Grey-hound, both holding up their Hands in a Pofture of Devotion. On the North Jide in capitals, is this infcription : In hoc Monumento fepultum jacet corpus Thomce Gorges de Langforde, in hoc tradtu Severiano, Equitis Aurati, quinti filii Edwardo Gorges de Wraxall in Agro Somerfctenji, Equito Aurato, qui poll: Maximam vitx partem lervitio Regins FjUzabethc?, et Regis Jacobi beatze Memoriae principam, in Sandliore penetrali cum fidelatate impenfani refignavit animam in Manus Redemptorus fui 30. die Martii A°* 1 i^tat 74. A°. Dom 1610. Jit Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c, 69 , ^t the Weft end is this infcriptian : Edioardus Dominus Gorges, Baro de Dundalk pientilTimus filius, hoc Dormitorium Cor- poribus chariflimorum Parentum erexit Anno Domini 1635. On the South fide in capitals is this infcriptian : Hie fita funt olTa Hellene Snachenberg Sivedana, que Dominam Caciliam, filiam Erici Regis Swetia., in hoc Regnum comitata, propter venuftatem pudicitianlque, qua claruit, grata Regina; Elizabethce, per earn inter Honororias Miniftras facrae fus . ! Perfonae intimo cubiculo attendentes afcita fuit, et locata in matrimonio Guiliebno D'no Par de Kendal, Marchioni 'Northam- ptofiice, quo fine prole Mortuo, nupfit Thdtna Gorges Equiti aurato : Cui 4 Filios et 3 Filias peperit : cujus port obitum viduitate vitam egit per (1) Anns 25. quibus pie peradlis, exceflit e vivis primo die Aprilis Anno j^tatis 86. Annoque Domini 1635. Under the coat of arms, in go^.d capitals, on a black marble tablet, is this infcriptian : Sagax et celer infequitur prasdam, Conftans et fidelis Coivfequitur premium. At the Weft end the top in capitals; Afta viator, et rerum vices nota, Caro noftra (quippe moita'is) Subito in cineres redadla: Monumentum hoc (tantifper dum (2) feculum) foitaffis duraturum, fed adveniente Domino Gloria, ~— _ in jeternum rediviva erit ilia, . -.'I ., ••-,.-;', peribit hoc. (1) Sic erig, (2) Sic cng. On yo Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. On the South Jide on the top in capitals : Mundus mare eft, vita navis, Quifquis navigat, Mors portus, patria caelum, Fidelis Intrat. In a Chapel at the upper End of the Church, on the South Side is a noble Mo- nument bearing fcveral Figures of white Marble ; viz. A Man and Woman at length, he in Armour, (he in her Robes, both praying, and at their Head and Feet, a Perfon in Armour under four Corinthian Marble Pillars kneeling, on the Top are feveral Figures and Pyramids, and this Infcription in Capitals. Procede ( 1 ) Mutata nielior Qui fecit Angelo?, vos Spiricus et Miniftros fuos Flammas ignis Figura In minifterium Mifit propter eos qui hsered- itatem capient Salutis. Something lower under the Arch, on a black marble tablet, in gold capitals is this infcription : M. S. Edvardo Hertfordiee Comiti, Baroni de Belcampo Illuftriflimi principis Ed'vardi Ducis Somerfetenjis Com. Hertfordiee, Procom* Bellicamp. 6c Baronis de ?ando Mauro Garteriani Ordinis Equeftris celeberrimi fodalis, Edvardi VI. Reg. Avunculi, Gubernatoris ejufque, Regnorum Dominiorum ac fubditorum Protedoris digniflimi, Exercituumque Praefedti, et locum tenentis, generalis Thefau rarii, et Comitis Marefcalli Anglia, Gubernatoris & Capitanei Infularum de Garn/ey & yerfey, et ex Anna uxore fplendidiiT. orta natalibus et perantiquis Filio et Hsredi Nee non conjugi fus charifT. diledtifT": Catharines Henrici &c FranciJ'ca Grai D. D. Suffolc. filiae et haeredi Caroli Brandon D. Suffolc. ex Maria Hen. V'lII. Sorore & Galliar. Regin (2) Dotazia pronepti et Hen. VII. Abnepti \ (i) This part of the Infcription on this Monument ftands fo very high, and in fo obfcure a Place, tha I if(opt, (U)usi anime protiiriEtur SDeu0, Amen. Anno D« MCCCCLXXXIIL Jn the North He, on a white free-Jlone grave-fione, is this infcription, Dfposttum Rdi Viri D. Richardi Clayton S. T. P. Collegii Univerfitatis in Academia Oatij;? Magistri, hujufque Ecclefiae Cathed. Sarum Canon. Refident. IV. 7 Id. Jim. 1676. fub fpe felicis Refurredlionis. On a black Marble enchafed in white on the North Wall is the following Infcription, Variae Eruditloni?, Ingens juxta conditur Thefaurus, Dnus Johannes Priaulx S. T. P. Southamptoni(e natus Oxonii educatus. Magnum utriufque Ornamentum j |K Linguarum, Artium, Scientiarura Peritiffimus. Humanioris ij . , ,^ ^ ■r»- • ■ • i Literature cultof Divinioris J cum paucis celebrandus. Qui ^ fCanonicatum 7 r, VRefidentIa, iArchidiaconatum 3 ^ IVigilantia, multum adornallet, fubita correptus morte* Animam Deo reddidit Pridie Nonas 'Junias, . C Domini MDCLXXIV, ^""° t^tatis fus LX. Laborum fuorum frudlum percepturus. M a On $4 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. On a grey marble grave-Jlone underneath is this infcription. Quod reliquum eft D"' 'Joannis Priaulx S. T. P. Leftor abi, Isevam confule, plura feres. On another grey 7narble is the following infcription^ Here lyeth the Body of Anne the Relia of Dr. John Priaulx S. T. P. died the i8. of OBober 1695. On another grey marble grave-Jlone is this infcription : Here lieth the body of Mrs. Anne Priaulx, Daughter of Doftor Priaulx Canon of this Church, who dyed the 14. of November, Annoqj D"i 1702. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, is this infcription X H. S. E. Edmundus Sey hujus Ectleliae Prxbendarius, obiit decimo nono Aug. . j^tatis LVII. "^""^ ISalutis MDCLXXVII. On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. Ruth La/nbert fil'a Thomt^ La?nbert Armigeri, de Boyton, quiE obiit ? 9 die Decembris ^tatis fua2 48. Anno Dom. 1669. On a grey marble grave-ftone, is this infcription : H. S. E. Elizabetha Laurentii Swanton Armigtri uxor, qiise nbiit 26 Peb. An. D"' J669. On X)efcripUon of Salifbury Cathedral, ^t, 8^ On another grey marble grave-Jlone, in capitals, is this infer iption : H. S. E. Mary the Daughter of William Stanley Efqr. of Southampton, who died the 20 of March 1631. aged 42 Yeares. On a black marble grave-flone, is this infcription : Cineres Rev^' et Defideratiffimi \ iri Thames Barford Hujus Ecclefiae Canonici Refidentiarii, hie placide requiefcunt, Cujus vita, pietas fincera, juftitia Spedtatifllma, morumque candor vere fingularis emicuit, Religionem non Romre fucis, aut Geneves Sordibus inquinatam, fed puram caftamque, (Uti ampud nos fancitur,) et afferuit, et ornavit. Menfa ufus eft apparatu non fplendido, Sed liberali indies inftrudta, Intimis cordatus advenis holpitalis, Egenis largiter beneficus, Amicitiae fedulus cultor lites, (quas Potuit) omnes compofuit, fic paci litans, beatas pacis fedes adiit ' NovbHs XXIX"" . fSalutis 1701, l^tatis fuae k^j. On another black marble grave-Jlone, is the folloiving infcription : H. S. E. Sifanna Vxor chariflima Thoma Light Pharmacopasi, Qus obiit VIcefimo primo riie Augufii . fDom. 1710. Anno ■{ Tp, . ' t/htatis 24. Etiam Thomas filius ejus qui obiit 86 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &>€. 1 6. 'Novemb. Ann. pracdiit, ^tat. fuas 4t"°''- Mens. On another black marble gr^e-Jlone, is this mfcription : H. S. I. Elizabeth the Wife of George Hawkins, and Daughter of Edward Garrard^ obiit Feb. the ^^"^ J701, On a white free-Jlone grave-Jionet in capitals^ is this infcription ; Quarto Augufit ME>CLXXIX. Dorothea filia Tho> Gardiner Gener. hie fepulta fuit. On a piece of black marble fet in a white free-Jlone^ is this infcription : xxix Nov. MDCLXXXI, Francifca filia Thomas Gardiner, Gen. hie fepulta fuit. On a black marble near the North door into the Choir is this infcription^ H. S. E, Florentia Garrard Edwardi Garrard de Civitate ifla Generofi Uxor fecunda, Thoma Bennet de Norton Bar^- in hoc Com. Arm, Filia, Anima inter primas pia, Quse corpore doloribus tandem exhaufto Hberata, Ad aeternam falutem avolavit 1 2 die Augufi, . C Domini 170 c. ^""° liEtat. fu/67. On Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 87 On another black marhk gra'-ce Jlone, is this following infer ipt ion: H. S. E. Edvardus Garrard de Civitate Novce Sarufn Generofus, ex Baronettoruin ejufdem nominis in co-n. Hartford, gente oriundus, qui ch ,'tis ex utraque manu uxores hie jacentes nupfit, Mendaci hujus Mundi opulentia fatur, Casleftium hie thefaurorum expedlabundus pie reeumbit. Ob. Mart, die 5. 1712. ^ta. 73. On a "white free-Jlone grave-Jlofie, is the following infcription : H. S. E. Elizabetha Garrard Uxor Edoardi Garrard de hac Civitate Generofi, Filia Tho. Gardiner de eadem Generoli, Quam diuturno tandem morbo confiimptam (cum nihil ulterius Medicina potuit) Ex re afflida ad teternam Salutem mors furripuit 20 jfulii A°- D"'- 1680. K)n a fmall black piece of marble, ivithin a white grave/lone, is the following infcription. H. S, E. Thomas Gardiner Generofus qui natus fuit 4 die Junii 1605. 6c Obiijf 25. Mail 1685. On another, like the former, is the following infcription : xxiiii fanu. 167 1. Margareta Uxor Thomce Gardiner Gen. hie fepulta fuit. ■On 8g Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &c. On a black marble grave (lone is this infer ipt ion, H. S. E. Edwaj'dus Young L. L. B. Hujufce Ecclefis Decanus, Qui, cum primis Eruditus, Probus, Integer, fummo utique honore dignillimus, utpote qui de Ecclefia Anglicana Cui fidiffimo fuit praelidio, Summoque ornamento Quam optime meruit Obiit ■) Anno iEtatis fuse 63. 9. ^«g-,|Annoque D°' 1705. On another black marble grave-Jione is the following infer iptioi : H. S. E. J O S EP HUS KELS ET S.T.B. t Archidiaconus Sartim et Hujus Ecclefias Canonicus Refidentiarius Obiit 1-°- Nov. Anno j?,"' '^^^^ vvTv I /./Et. luae LXXI V, f On a vmrbk monument againfl the Weft wall of the South crofs He under a biijlo, in epifcopal habit, adorned ivitb a telefcope, and other mathematical injlruments in relievo, \ H. S. E. Reverendus in Clirifto Pater Selhii^ JVord Ecclefias Sar'nbiirieiifis Epifcopus, et NobilifTimi Oniinis, a Perifcelide di£ti, Cancelhivius. Ab Ecclefia iiw^////? (in qua etiam PrKcenior priinum, dcindc Decanus luerat) in hanc fcdem tranllatus, in utraque sternum culendus, Biinti>igfordia.y in agi o Hertfordlenji natus, Caiitabrigia in Collegio Sidneienft educatus, ejufdeinque (dum per temporum iniquitatem licuit) focius. In jam privata fortis umbra, tot optimorum Artium, virtutumque dotibus cfFulfit, ut fruflra latere cupientem, prodiderint, inque lucem fimul er iitilitatem publicam protraxerint. Quippe ab ifta Academia, ad alteram Oxonienfcm Evocatus, AllronomiiC primum ProfefTor SaviHanus, Collegii de'mde Sairo/hn^a Irinit^tus Pixfes [eledtus, hajc am- bo, licet difparis ingeiiii munia, fapientia adminiftravit et prudentia pari, fiderum, limul et animavum ludagator perfpicax, ct in amborum motibus regendis, vigilans, peritus, faslix Prse- [ledionum fuarum fa'mam quae claruerit foris, teftatur BuUia'diis. Adverfus infaniam et impiam Philofophiam, quid mcruerit domi, abunde fcnfit, primipilus Hobhius, contra ingruentem Phanaticoruin Barbariem quid Uteris ubique prsftiterit, vindicatae agaofcunt Academiae, Hx res per iniciuifTima tempera Defcrlption of Salifbirry Cathedral, ^r. 89 tempora, tarn praeclare geftae, probatum fatis, et bene praeparatum, meliore jam rerum vice, liominum et ingeniorum perithTimo judici Carolo fecundo, commendaruur, ut fecum reftauraiidis Ecclefi;e Anglicancs ruinis, non erubefcendus opifex allaborarit, ut prudentia, pietate, ufu rerum et prsecipue moderato animo fpetftabilis, Civiutn a;rtus, nondum bene ledatos, Compoiieret, invctc.ata iilccra leniret, concionator facnndus, et potens, inc-ulpabile gregis Exemplar, mox et Pafloruni futurus, fiquidem pernios laborum et meritoruin gradus, ad Epifcopale cu^men provcctus Ecclc!;.^ (ua; Caiidelabrum, ipfamque Domum Dei, m^n iaipari luniine iinplevit, it illullravit. In officiis cr-^a omnes, cujufcunque fortis et ordinis homines exequendis, a-qui et decori obfervantilJimjs, cum confratribus, et Uoiiiinis fuis Epifcojrls, inviolata concordia, abfque omni (niii niutuo bcnefa- ciendi) ccrta:;iine 'femper vixit apud Clerum fuum tantjuam fiatres, et filios dilecllffimos autoritate et Parcrna reverentia, non nietu, aut fafta dignitatem Pnt- lati iilibarasri confervavit. Plebem Chriftjanam facilitate morum affabilitate et manliietudine dclinivit Nobiles, et Ci\es, muniticcntia, domefticos liberal! tracliiti, tiiionijam €anccUnrti Oxon. tt polfcn Dccnni Sarum. O ^anrti jT^ciitct, ipciito tnilii fcrtc juDamcn tit fummuct i^eDicitiS g>cijtiis miiii ^tt i&cDitamcu Quo, fine fine falutr poli pott )Jcrfruni--Amen. V On a black marbk tajjkt enchafed in white, in golden capital letters is this infcription , Depofitum Margaretce 'Joi(?2fo7i Robertl Reverendiff: nuper hujus Ecclefie Epifcopi relidls, necnon Domini "Jobannis, qui nunc eidem prxfidet apud quern XIII. Annos vidua Dorru Iblatiumque invent.) fororis fandiilimas prudentiflimsque faemins Juxta reconditum, fifii Chrijii adventum prsellolatur Obiit (annos nata XLIX) OBob. MDCXXXIIII. On another black marble tablet enchafed in white, on the fame wall, and near it in capitals, is this infcription. Depofitum Edoardi Davenantli Londinenfis Literas Lyceo rerumque ufum Emporio, Ncftris edodtus ingeutes hinc prudcntise extulit merces Inlulas ad Hibernicas, m ubi annos viginti pacis cuftos publics 9 Populum ditavit inopem, emollivit ferum^ Gratus et charus Anglis et Hibernicis TVlufis diledtus Latiis, nee minis Atticis lludiifqr.e fratreni hujus EccIefiiS Prxfulein iequebatur amulus, omnes in iilius pedtore fulferunt gratix, fed piJEnituit pietas, qus in egenos tantum non fuit prodiga, PoH: varies cafus, in vita: adu ultimo cum bonorum plandu, plaufu omnium exiit: Quid multis, fcias hoc Ledlor, vivus mcmoria Pollcbat mira, fuavi redolet mortuu-. ■ In Chrifto beatiffime obdormivit C a? ou -A- /■ ")7««// a'' ipfo T . j/t-ra3 Chnltianas 16:0. f vs . n. j- Anno-^ n, . r -^ >Pcntecoltas die, ' //Ltatis lucE 70. Cr I A r\ C ' )iub Aurora. On DefcripUon of Salifbiiry Cathedral, ^c. 91 071 the north "wall, on a fair ivhlte marble montnnent, fupportei hy tvjo lliitk Corinthian marble pillars is this irjcription : Monumentorum omnium J ?I ^ N NIS DAVENANTlI Minime perenne, quid loquator audi. Natus Lon^Hni Anno Cbrijli MDLXXII. Maii die XX. Cantabriiicc in Cclle-iio Rfzinali boms Uteris operam faclicem dedit, Cujus cum focietate eflet meritiirimo donatus, iEtatemque et doftrina: et morum gravitate lliperaret. Cum nondum plurcs quam XXXVI. Annos numeraflet, D. Margareta in S. Theologia Profelibr efl: eleclus, Celebremque prius Cathedram longe ornatiorem rediir. Intra quadriennium mox Collcgii fui Prsiidens fadus eil» cui dubium Redtor, an Bencfacftor profuerit magis, Turn vero a fereniflimo, et in Rebus Theolowicis Perlpicaciilimo Rege, Jacobo, honcrihce milTus Synodo Dordraceufi magna pars interfuit. Tandem hujulce Diocasfeos Sarisburienfis Epifcopus Anno MDCXXI. die Novembris VIII. Conlecratus ell cui velut vivum exemplar antiquitatis venerand.'B Univerfas Primitivi Pr^fulis partes explevir, atque ita per XX pene annos huic Ecclefis prasfuit, Summo turn bonorum omnium, turn etiam hoftium Ccnfenlii optimus, et vel inde feliciilimus Quod ruinam fedis, cum lupereile per a'tatem non potuit, Prius quam oculis confpicerit, vivere delierif, Anno fcilicit Chrijli MDCXL'. Jprilis die xx. On a black marble grave-Jlone, is this iftfcription : H. S. E. Domina Barbara Alomp^ff'on Uxor chariffima Hkomx Mompeffon de Bathampton in Comitatu IVitts Militis, Filia unica et hares, Jchannis Waterer de Comitatu Middlefexice Armigeri defunifli, Femina (fi qutc alia) pietate, prudentia et mcrum fuavitate infignis fummo omnium, At imprimis Mariti deliderio, et luctu e vivis deceffit nono die Martii anno Salutis humanae MDCLXXVI. N 2 On 92 Defer iption of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. On an.otljir black marble grave-Jlone, is this infcriptton^ \ \ PI. S. E. Sir thomas Mompefjon Kt. who departed this Life 'June 1 1. 1701. On another black marble grave-Jlane, is this infcription^ H. S. E. Charles Mowpejj'on Efqr. onely Son of Sir Thouas MompelJbn who departed this Life 'yuly the 12* 1714. I Aged 43. ' Agalnfl thejoutlj wall is a fair large monument, whereon under an arch lies a man in armour, and by him his lady in a black robe flowered with gold, all fupported by two Corinthian black marble pillars, round which are vine leaves and grapes of gold and green : on. the architrave is in. capital gold letters the tollowing infcription. Sr. Richard M'ompesson Kt, and Dame Katherine his Wife. . i On the north fide of the chapel dedicated to the Blefled Virgin Mjry, is ano- ^ ther fmall chapel, founded by Margaret (daughter and fole heir of PVilliam Lord Botreaux) Wife of Sir Robert Hungerford, Kt. (whofe body was Interred near that of Eifoop OJmmid, before his altar, mentioned Page 11. of this work) in which fhe founded a perpetual chauntry of two Priefts, and dedicated it to the honour of 'Jefus and the blelTed Virgin in 14*^4. In it were to be fung maffes, and divine fervice performed for the good ettate of Robert Lord Hungerford, King Rdw IV. Queen Elizabeth his wife, Richard Beauchamp, then Bi(hop of this fee, herfelf,. yohn Cheyne, of Pynne, Hfq; "John Mervyn, Efq; Mr. James Goldeivell, the Pope's Prothonotary, then Dean of thi-s church : alfo for the fouls of Robert and Margaret Hungerford, and Walter and Catherine., Parents of Robert ; William Lord Botreaux, and his \zd\ Elizabeth, parents of the foundrefs Margaret; for the fouls of George Wejiby, John Cheyne,. and John Mer-vyn, Efqrs. and James Goldewell, to commence after their obits. For the maintenance of tliis charity, it was endowed with the manor of Immere, in Wiltjhire, and the advowfon of the chapel; as alfo three rneflliages, 200 acres of land, 300 acres of pallure, eight acres of meadow, and 30 s, rent in JVint^rborne and Honnington in the flams i:ounty, and a moiety of the m;inor, with the advowfon of Folke, \x\ Dorfetjhire. Ail this WAS performed according to the direction of the laft will of her huihand, and Defcripiion of Salifbury Cathedral, &c, 93 and the ralfing of this fabric coft 497 1. When this pious lady had performed all to her fatisfadlion, flie died, and her bones were laid here in 1477 by Robert, fon and heir to the foundrefs, who being taken prifoner in a battle at Hexham, was beheaded at Neivcajlle upon T'y}ie, in 1463, and was here interred. This chapel is kept in a very ill llate, ready to fall, though the family has been apprized of it. There has been fcveral fine pieces of painting, particularly at the weft end, St. Chrijhpher, carrying Chrijt over the river. Over the fouth door is the figure of a Do^or of Divinity in his academical (Oxford) habit, and underneath him thefe tnangled words : ♦ ♦ . uuticiftani) tftc fcrrpn ♦ ♦ . • «••••••* finbe . . . antJ fpavc frutli fiim .... pallion tfiat Chrilte Jheiu fuffrifD for our rctJcm .... nnO fic tbat {Jii^ruofc m x% 6 eLftapprll to vrrp, tall .... % . . Robert Hungerford X%t JjCire . . tojbu!^ IctipD . . . niti) tepcti .... ^t)C titia^s ^ natc to our bIcCfeti 3la: tfic ipotser to .Jehili Chrilk, anD to tlic tioblc . . . Vufiith olitcpncti tJic Cliantcr to be foan&rti pcrprtuall|i, oil tul)ofc foulc Chriftc Jhefu liabC mCVCp. he ^^i^tXli out of tSgjs prcfcut life fbf xviii ijan of . . and Uc0 buvirD MCCCCLIX. Near the former, over thefgures of Death and a Traveller. Ov^er the Traveller's head. u ^flaffc SDctftt nlaffe a blcffful tlipng p torrc |if tjjoto tooIlDpfl- fparc us pji otorc iuQ-pncffc Inti til to Yuvcttljcsi that bctljc of Ijcauu chert eeilJEue tftap pc tlepc to flake there tsuffrcffc But otote alnne tljpnc otoue felp fclfetopioncllc t Cretocllp tocrnctg tSc p fepcS toaple anb tocpr X •5^0 tlofc tgcvc pcji p after pc Doth tlcpe. Over the figure of a Skeleton. dDraricjS galantc in all tljp luffc anb prjbc 3R-mchi r that thoVn fclialte onuss bpc SDrth fthalt fro thp bobp thp fotole beiipbc iLtcto mapft fipm not aftapc ccrtaunlu Co J t JCwe bobpes cafl" botuiie t^gnc pe 3Fc hol'rc tljapnic toell rcnfibcre anb fee cu i?or furg a0 tfiap ar futJj fljalt p bc» On 94- Dejcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. On the fouth w^//, near the caft end^ under an Angel: '..;-,; s = J Diu rui y^^g/'' Chrijll ©rttratiffimum . ■, -. ^ ijcrcntium in Chrifto patrcm 2)om: -.',', ', '. Cctlcfic CatDc&iaU? ^ -.'.'-'- '. , = = ct iffum = = MCCCC Cpifrop - ' '- Oflobris Jjjc xiiii ®» Jacobo [Collewell tunc tjfiffcn = = = In one of the windows of the library belonging to this church., £>ratE pro ipagrc Willo Dc Singwike §>ijbi3ctaiia ctrlcfiac Sarum, ^\xi l)ant fcneffram fieri fecit. In the C M M I r E R r. At the fouth-weft end, on a white free Jlone grave-Jlone, is this infcription: Quod reliquum eft fana Michaelis Wife Gen. Conjugis, 'Rob. Harward hujus Civitatis e Patribus Filia, hie placide conquiefcit Corpus fcilicet languideni, tabidum, Cujus vcgetior anima pertaefa Beatorum fedes Afpiravit die lo ftil. . o CSalut. i6b2. ^'^ ■ t^tat 30. 0« another blaek marble grave-flone, in capitals is this infcription: Hie jacet Corpus Francifcce Uxoris Gidielmi 1 Vent worth De civitatc Nova Sarum, quas obi it 27 die Februarii Anno Domini 17 14. i?^tatis fuas 23. On Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. gj On a ivhite free-Jlone grave-Jione, is this infcription : Sufanna Gutl. Poivell A. M. hujus Ecclefias Vicarii Choralis Conjiix perdileda Cujus lateri adherens (i) Ehizayt filia utriufqe Infantiffima, hie placide conquiefcunt, IliEC 1™°- Nov. Sanftorum Fefto Catholico, (qua magis Eorum compleretur numerus.) Ilia 14 Decern, (et coelo et fepulchro fefe filiolce comitem gefliens adjungere) 19. iEtatis anno nuper admodum peradlo. Mortem obiit immaturam MDCLXXV, Gulielmi Poivell ex Rebecca Conjuge fillolos, Marmor hoc idem teeit, Quos fere ab iiicunabulis tranftulit Mors cita nimis, et benigne invida, 111 hoc fuavius Dormitorium O bier Lint Ilie t\ ^^^^^^ ^^^"^^ nondum completo j^^y 7- j^^j. Talium eft Reo-num Ccclorum a I On. a is}hite free-Jlone grave-Jione on the north Jide of th: church-yard is this injcription. In Memory of Thomas Glover Archited:, who having Ereded many ftately, curious, and artfull Edifices for other?, himfelf is here lodged under this fingle Stone, in full expedation however of a Building with God eternal in the Heavens. Ob Bee 2 l^-^- '707^ UD. Dec. 2.|^j S. £. Edvardus Strong, Qui oblit Die. Septembris xxv. Dom. MDCCLVI. iEtatis fuae LVL As you enter at the north door Jl em of the grand crofs, on a blue Furbeck lione^ is this infcription t Here lieth the Body of Mary, Relid of Richard Dove, late of Tilbury, in Wilts, Elq> fhe died the feventh day of June, in the Year of our Lord 1751. On another is this infcription : In Memory of Tho Dove, Efq; who died May ioth» 1767, aged 66. On a Kcititon Jlone is this infcription z S. M. Gulielmi Richmond Webb, Generofi Militaris De Milton in Agro Wiltonienfi Qlh pro Suavitate Morum Et in Univerfos Benevolentia NoQ fuit Pluribus Impar Obiit 14 Jalii anno Chrifli 1757, ^tat. 22. On a black marble grave-fone is this infcription r Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Joan Harris, Widow of Thomas Harris,. late of this Clofe, Efq; and Daughter of Sir 104- Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. Sir Wadham Wyndham, Kt. one of ye Judges of the Kings Bench, She was born Augt. 23, 1651, & died Jan. 26, 1733. On af/nall grave-Jlone, Jiatuary marble, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Elizabeth, Daughter of James Harris, Efq. and Elizabeth his Wife, flie died the 13 th Day of April, 1749, Aged one Year and nine Months Alfo here lieth the Body of their Son John Thomas Harris, who was born June 27, 1 75 1; and died Dec. 9, 1752. On a grey Purbcckjlone is this infcription : Mrs. Elizabeth D'Oyly Died Jan. 4, 1766, Aged 62. On a black marble grave-Jlone is this infcription : Here lies the Bodv of George Wyndham, Efq; youngefl: Son of Sir Wadham Wyndam, Knt. one of the Judges of the King's Bench, He was born Auguft 6, 1666. And died June 2, 1746. On another black marble grave-Jlone is this injcription : Here lies the Body of Catherine Wyndham, Wife of George Wyndham, Efq; only Daughter of Gabriel Afhley, Efq; and i I Margaret Defcnpiion of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 105 Margaret his Wife She was born Jan. 14, 1672, and died April 4th, 1752. Oft another, like tJje former, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Catherine Wyndham, Daughter of George Wyndham, Efq; and Catherine, his Wife, She was born Nov. 4th, 1699, and died Jan. 26th, 1766. On a Keintonjlone, is this infcription : Here Ueth the Body of Mr. Richard Kent, who died May 28th, 1755?. Aged 62 Years. On a grey Purbeckjlone, is this infcription : H. S. E. Robertas Chapman, Armiger Obiit v'', die 'Junii, (Dom. MDCCXXXIII. ^""° i^tat. XXX. On another, is this infcription: Here Ues the Body of Mrs. Ann Dear, Widow, who died Wednefday the 27lh of April, Anno Dni. 1720, Aged 71 Years. The moft famous Miftrefs in the Weft of England for well educating and inftruding young Ladys and Gentlewomen. On another is this infcription: H. S. E. Js. Albert, Prefbyter Hujus Ecclefise, Vicarius qui obiit P i7mo. io6 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. j^mo. jjjg Decembris . fDni. 1720, ^•"°Utat. 56. On another^ is this infcviption. Here lieth the Body of Elizabeth Chairman, Widow of the Revd. Stephen Chairman, Redtor of Lyddiard Trcgoze, in the County of Wilts, who departed this Life May the 12th, 1728, Aged 68 Years. On a black marbie grave-Jlone, is this infcription: M. S. Jacobi Harris, de Claufo Novse Sarum, Armigeri, qui obiit XXVI Die Augufti, Anno Domini MDCCXXl. Natus Annos LVII, Menfes IV. On another is this infcription : Here Heth the Body of the Lady Elizabeth Harris, Widow of James Harris, late of the Clofe of Sarum, Efq; fhe was third Daughter of Anthony Earl of Shaftefbury, And the Lady Dorothy Manners, his Wife, Daughter to John Earl of Rutland. She died January 20th, 174^, in the 63d Year of her Age. iV. B. A'l thefe lie in the N. Stem of the Grand Crofs, On a grey Ptirbeck grave-Jione, is this infcription : H. S, E. Rcverendus Richardus Drake, S. T. p. Hujus EcclefiiE Cancellarii Qui i| Defer ipt ion of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 107 Qui Obiit XXIV Oaobris Dni. MDCLXXXI ^tatis LXXII. Anno < Towards the Wejl End of the "North JJle, on a Keinton grave-Jlo)je, is this infcription : H. S. E. Gulielmus Coles, Arm. Qui obiit I ft Jan. . 7 Dom. y I7CO, Anno V „. ^ \ ' i On another, is this infcription : H. S. E. Dorothea Uxor, Gulielmi Coles, Arm. Obiit XXVIII die Nov. , iDom.rMDCCXLV, ^""° j^tat.l LXXXI. On another, is this infcription: H. S. E. Jonathan Coles, M. B. Obiit XXI. Odtobris. . \mzt. fXXXIV, ^""° jDom. IMDCCXL. On a grey Furbeck grave-Jione, is this infcription : H. S. E. Georgius Fowles, Qui obiit Quinto die Augufti 4 7 Dom. fMDCCXLlV. ^""° 1 ^tat. ixL. By the Choir Door, under the Organ, on a Keinton Stone, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Sufanna Thompfon, Widow of the late Mr. Edward Thompfon, P 2 She io8 Defcription of Sali(bury Cathedral, &'c. She departed this Life March 3ifl;, 1760, Aged 58 Years. On a?iotber, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Edward Thompfon, Gent, late Organiil of this Cathedra], who died July 25th, •746; Aged 55 Years. In the South Stem of the grand Crofs, leading to the Chijler, on a grey Piirbeck, is this infcription : H. S. E. Dorothea Uxor Johis. Talman, A. M. Redlr. de Wriggleton, & Vicii. de Durnford, Qu^ obiit, XXI. Nov. A. D. MDCCXLl. On a black marble, is this infcription : H. S. E. Spe beatns Refurredlionis Hie jacet fepultus Johannes Talman, A. M. de Durnford, in Com. Wilts, et hujus Ecclefias Vicarius Vir candidus benevolis hofpitalis Qui Paftoris Chriftiani Sacro-fanc5tum Munus A fe adhuc juvene fufceptum Mira cum affiduitate Odiogenarius explevit Obiit Aug. 20, A. D. 1765, i£tat8i. Marmor hoc Vidua Moerens pofuit. On a white marble, bordered with black, is this infcription : S. R. JEi. V. Here lies depofed, all that was Mortal of Jane, Firftborn I- Defcriptioit of Salifbtiry Cathedral, ^c. 109 Firftborn of Ed. Hopfon, Gen. and Anne, his AVife After the (hort Courfe of 5 Months flie left this Being of Uncertainty for a joyful Eternity, Anno falutis 1729. On a black marble is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Mary Heard, Widow of William Hearil:, Efq. She was born the fixth Day of June. 1682; Died the 17th Day of July, 1762. On another, is the following infcription : H. S. E. Gulielmus Hearft, Armiger, Qui Obiit Apr. 2°, A. D. MDCCXXIII, iSitat. xLviii. On a Keintonfone, is this infcription : S. R. B. Jane Hopfon, Relidt of Edward Hopfon, Efq; of Wey bridge, in the County of Surry, late Vice Admiral of the White, departed this Life the 12th of March, Aged 63. On two Keinton Jlones is thefollo'joing infc rip t ions : H. S. E. Anna Pinckney, quffi obiit Viceffinio die Septembris Anno Dni. ]733» no Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c, H. S. E. Rogerus Pinckney, Gen. qui obiit viceffimo, die Julii, Anno Dni. 1730. ^tat. 65. On a black marble is this infcription: H. S. E, Jofephus Sager, Hujus Ecclefix nuper Canonicus, Anno 1697 natus. Anno 1757, mortuus, Qualis erat. Die teftabitur Supremus. 0)1 a Keinton Jlone is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Baptifta Sager, Daughter of the Rev. Mr. Jof. Sager, and Mary his Wife, who died May 9th, 1749, in the 19th Year of her Age. On another is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Mary Sager, Wife of the Rev. Mr. Jofeph Sager, one of the Canons Refidentiary of this Church, and Daughter of William Hearft, Efq. She died July 6th, 1742, Aged 37 Years. Here likewife lieth the Body of Harriot Sager, her Daughter, who died May 2 lit, 1743, in the 7th Year of her Age, And alfo the Body of Catherine Sager, who died June 14th, 1743, in the 6th Year of her Age. On Vefcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. m On afmall black marble grave-Jione is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of William, Son of Jofeph and Mary Sager, who died May 1 1 th, 1729. aged 6 months. Jilfo on the fame Jlone is the following infcription : Here likewife lieth the Body of Jofhua Sager, his Brother, who died April 17th, 1742, aged 8 Years. On a white marble^ black bordered, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Mary Ann, Daughter of Edward Hcarft, Efq; and of Alice his Wife, who died April the 21ft, 1736, aged one Year and one Month. On a black marble, is this infcription : H. S. E. Gulielmus Hearfl, Armiger, Qui obiit i"^"- die Augt. . TiEtat 24, Anno Kj^ ^ jDom. 1725. On another is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Edward Hearft, Efq. who died Sept. 15th, 1767. aged 64. On 112 Defcriptton of Saliftury Cathedral, &'c. On a 'white Purbeck, is this infcription : Maris Filia Thoma; Coker, . Hujus Ecclefiaj Canonici Refidentiarii Et MariE Uxoris Obiit 20 die menfis Junii D. D.7 1718, JEt. S 16. In the South Crofs Ik leading to the Cloijler, on a black marble grave-Jlone, is this infcription : M. S. Elizabetha; Dodwell, Gul. Dodwell, Hujus Eccleiiaj Canonici nuper Uxoris, Quce omni Officio r Deum Parentes Maritum Liberos } Cognatos l_^ Amicos aflidue et pie fundla. Mortem obiit ii™°- die Aprilis, 1770, Annos 57 nata. Trifle Sui Defiderium relinquens. On a Keinton is this infcription : H. L. The Remains of Sarah Goddard, Daughter of Anthony Goddard, of Pyrton, in the County of Wilts, Efq. and Mary his Wife, who died i6th Sept. 1737, In <- in the fifteenth Year of her Age. I On Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. 113 On another, is this infer ipti on : Here lyeth Alice Daughter of the Revd. John Connant, late Redlor of Pool, Dorfet, who died July 5th, 1745, aged 45 years. On afmall white marble grave-Jione, is this injcription : Here lyeth the Body of Mary the Daughter of Arthur Evans, Gent. who died Sept. the 2(,)th Anno Dom. 1737, aged fix Weeks. At the upper end of the Crofs He, by the Cloyfler Door, on a modern monument, is this infcription : Juxta hoc Marmor Situm eft Corpus Reverend! admodum in Chrifto Patris Johannis Thomas, S. T, P. Primo Afaphanfis, Turn Licolnienfis, Poftea vero Sarifburienfis, Epifcopi Et NobililTimi Ordinis de Peris Cancellarii, Vixit Annos LXXV obiitque XX Die Julii A.D. M.DCCLXVI. In the Morning Chapel, on a Keintonjlone, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Elizabeth Daughter of the Revd. Mr. Robert Gary, late Redlor of Fovant, who departed this Life November 2 2d, 1761. CL, At 114 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. Jt the upper end of the South IJle, by the Duke of SomcrfttV, on a Keinton Jlone : In Memory of Mrs. Mary Cox", widow of Jcfhua Cox, Efq; late of Qyarly, Hants, who departed this Life, July 2 2d, 1767, aged 86. On a Keinton grave Jlone, is this inscription. Here lyeth the Body of the Rt. Honble the Lady Louifa Carolina BiuJworth, Daughter of Robert Bertie, Duke of Ancafler and Kefteven, &c. &c. Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by Albeni, Daughter of Major General Farington. Her Ladyfliip was born Aug. 18, 17 1 5, and married Aug. 20, 17^5, to the Honble Thomas Bludworth, Efqj of Holt, in Hantfliire, Mafter of the Horfe, Groome of the Bed Chamber and Privy Purfe to his Royal Highnefs the Prince of Wales, file died 26th of Sept. 1748. On a black marble lozenge, let into the pavettient, is this itj/cription : The Revd. Samuel Rollefton, May 2d J 766. Againjl the South Wall, on a monument, is this infcription : Sacred to the Memory of Samuel RoUeflon, M. A. Archdeacon of Sarum, and Canon Refidentiary of this Church : The Love and Efteeni of all that knew him, is the beft Teftimony to his real Chara(ffcr; he died May 2d, 1766, jiged 65. On 1 ft Defcrtption of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 115 On a Keinton Jionc, is this infcription : Here lyeth the Body of Mr. Thomas WiUmot, who dyed Feb. the 28th Ann. Dni. 1723, aged 66 Years : Alfo the Body of Dorothy Wife of Mr. Thomas Willmot, who dyed the 14th Day of December, 1727, aged 54 Years. On (ittother, is this infcription : Here lyeth the Body of Mary Stanley, who died July the nth, ^733- By the Choir Door, leading to the Veflry, on a grey Furbec, is this infcription : Here lyeth the Body of Ann Hody, who departed this Life the 28th of March, 174^ The following infcription is in capitals, wrote after the old manner, on a monwmnt in the South Crof Jfle, facing the Choir Door, M. S. Joannis Clarke, S. T. P. Hu)us Ecclefis per Annos xxix Decani Qui amicitia Newtono germanitate Samueli Clarke viris fui fa-culi Facile principibus coniundus utrique vixit cariffimus tarn ob morum integritatem quam ob ftudiorum in re mathematica et theologis fimilitudinem obiit d. iiii. id. Feb^ A. &. E. MDCCLVII. iEtat fuae Lxxv Patri optlmo hxredes filii monumentum Hoc qualecunque moerentes memorefque pofuerunt. I ii6 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^sfr. Near to this monument, on a Keintonjlone, is this infcriftion i Here lies buried William Hawicins, Efq; Barrifler at Law, who died Nov. 29, 1748, aged 70. Alfo lieth Jane, the Relid of William Hawkins, Efq; and Daughter of John Merewether, M. D. died June nth 176 1. On a white marble, bordered with black, is this infcription : Here lye the dear Remains of Jane, eldefl: Daughter of William and Jane Hawkins, whofe Capacity and Difpofition exceeding even Parents Hopes, She became an uncommon Lofs on the nth Day of April 1728, in the 12th Year of her Innocence. God's Will be done. Why fliould we grieve for what we muft approve ; The Joys of Heaven furpafs our fondeft Love. On a Keintonjlone, is the following i?ifcription : H. S. E. Thomas Wyatt, Sacrofandie TheoIogLaj non tantum Nomine fed et Re Orthodoxus Dignus ProfefTor Londini natus Schoia Mercatorum ScifTorum literis imbufus ^ CoUegii Divi Joannis Baptifta apud Oxonienfes Socius | EcclefuE de Bromham in Agro Wiltonienfi Redlor, J Et hujus demum Ecclefix Canonicus Refidentiarius. Vfr Defcription of Salilbury Cathedral, ^c, 117 Vir Pietatis Prims PacificLis Benevolus Modeflus Linguas varlas percalluit et in libris melioris notx fine futili oftentatione verfatus eft Par publicis privata maluit. obiit Decimo oftavo die Februarl Anno 7/Etat.f 93, JDni. U725 On a black marble is this infcripion : Here lieth the Body of Ann Hawiiins, only Daughter of William Hawkins, D. D. fometime Prebendary of Winton. And of Ann his Wife, Sifter of Ifaac Walton, late Canon Refidentiary of this Church. More I am forbid. She died Nov. 27th, 1728. On a grey Purbeckjtone, is this infer iption:^ M. G. obiit 3tio Feb. MDCCXXXIX. In the crofs lie leading to the Vejlry, between Bijhop Ward and Dean Clarke s monumejit, on ajrtiall white tnarble grave-Jione, is this infcription : Here lies the Body of Hugh Wynn, Son of Dr. Hugh Wynn, Canon Refidentiary of this Church, and Catherine his Wife, born March 28th, 17415 died July 3d, in the fame Year. f^n n8 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. On a black marble, is this itifcription : Here lieth the Body of Francis Eyre, D. D. Canon Refidentiary of this Church,. who died Odlober 28, 178, In the 68 th Year of his Age. Oti ajtother, is this infcription: Here lieth the Body of Anna, Wife of Fra. Eyre, D. D. Canon of this Church, And Daughter of A. Hyde, D. D. Once Bifliop of this Diocefe, A Lady of the mofl: exemplary Piety, and confummate Virtue, who died, much lamented by all that knew her, Feb, y^ 4th, 1735. 0)1 another is this infer iption : H. S. E. Alexander Davvfon, de Claufo Sarum, Armiger, Qui obiit 12° die Aprilis, Anno j?°'^- ^720, J^tat. ^j. Here lieth aUb Mary Dawfon, Wife of the faid Alexander Dawfon, who died June y^ 7, 1723, Aged 40 Years. On a black marble grave-Jlone, next to Bijljop Ward's, is this infer iptio?i : H. S. E. Ifaacus Walton, Hujus Ecclefia?, Canonicus Refidentiarius, Pietatis non fucatJE, Dodlrinae Sance, Munificenti^, Eenevolentias, Exemplar Defcrtption of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. irg Exemplar Defiderandum, Paftoris Boni et fidelis fundus Officio per Annos XXXVII in Parochia de Polfiiot, Wilts, obiit Viceffimo Nono Decembris Anno Dni7 1719, i^tatis \ 69. On the fouth fide of the Choir ^ on a black marble, is this infcription : H. S. E. Dionys Seymour, late of this Clofe, Daughter of John Davenant, Efq; of Landford, in this County, and Relidl of Edwd. Seymour, Efq; of the County of Dorfet, ob. the 3d July 1730 On another t is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Rowland Davenant, Merchant of the City of London, who died Od, 26th, Anno Dom. 1737. On another, is this infcription. M. S. Caroli Martyn, Arm Johanni Martyn, de Covent Garden, in Agro Middlefex, Arm". Filius Cui Conjux Prior Fuerat, Elizabetha Francifci Baber, Arm". Filia De Covent Garden, Prsdiil Poftcrior Autem Rebecca Filia Johannis Davenant, De Landford, in Com. Wilts, Arm". obiit 28° die Martii fSalutis MDCCXXIX, ^""° t^tatis Su2 XXXVL On 120 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. On a black marble is this infcription: Here lieth the Body of Rebecca Hooper, Widow of the Rev. Mr. Thomas Hooper, of St. Giles, in the County of Dorfet, She died June 20th, 1755, aged feventy-two years. 0« a black marble, near Mompeffon'j monument, is this infcription : H. S. E. Barbara, the Wife of William Sharpe, Efq; late Governor of Barbadoes, and Daughter of Sir Thomas Mompeffon, who died April y^ i ft, J722. ^ On another, is this infcription : Here lies Catharine Mompeflbn, Daughter of Charles Mompeflbn, Efq. who died September y« ift, 1724. aged 17. On another is this infcription .* Here lieth the Body of Henry Mompeflbn, Efq; who died January the 3d, 1731, in the twenty-fixth Year of his Age. He was the only Son of Charles Mompeflbn, Efq; and Grandfon of Sir Thomas Mompeflbn, Kt. and of William Longueville, Efq; of the Inner Temple. \ Which Defcription o/" Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. 121 Which Henry Mompeflbn married Mrs. Mary Fotherby, of Barham Court, in the County of Kent, and had no ifliie. On a black marble, is the folloiving infaipfion : Here lies Mrs Elizabeth Mompeflbn, Widow and relicft of Charles Mompeflbn, Efq; and Mother of Henry Mompeflbn, Efq^ both interred here. She was Daughter of Wm. Longueville, of the Inner Temple, Efq; and died 30th Sep. 1751, aged 73. On a b!ack marble lozenge, inlaid with the pavement, is this infer' ption : Mrs. Sarah Cooper, died 0€t. 14th, 1769, aged 70. In thefouth ilc, behind the pulpit, on a Keintonjlone, is this infcription : H. S. E. Annas Pope, Qu^ obiit 2 I die Julii, ^""° }S."fu^{'^8o: On another is this infcription : H. 8. E. Maria Roberts, Uxor Punchardonis Roberts, Gent. Prope Sepulti, Quae obiit. 0£lavo die Februarii, Anno Domini 1725, ^tatis 82. R On 122 Defer iption of SaViCoury C^ilhcdri] J ^c. C» another y is this injcriptim: H. ?. E. Johannes Saintbarb Gener. Obiit 17® die Jiilii, Anno 7Dni. i/Etat c. 42. In the Choir, going up to the Communion-table, lie buried feveral of the Pembroke family ; at alfo Lord Vif count Wind/or. On one of the ivhite marble Jiones, is the folio-wing infcription : H. S. E. H. V. W. ,758. On a monument againjl the fouth ivall, is this infcription : M. S. Henrici Stebbing, S. T. P. Archidiaconi de Wilts, Dioecefeo'^ Sarum, Cancellarii, Fuit olim, HonorabiU Societati In Hofpitio Grayenli apud Londinenfes a Sac rip, Cui muneri fedulis incubuit. Per viginti fern^e annos, Concionator difertiffimus. Qualis in Theologia emicuif, Edita fatis teftantur opera ; Non nifi cum literis, interitura^. In Controverfii'^, Qmbus erat plurimum exercitatus, Ita fe femper geflit, ut optimarum partium et eflet, et Exiflimaretur ; Chriftianas Religionis et Eccleliae AnglicanaD Vindex, Strenuus, folers, intrepidus. lis demum ornatus Moribus, Qu^i Literatum et Sacerdotem, I ui I Defcription of Salifbury Cathedra], ^c. 123 Qiii denique bonum et ChriAIanum Homincm cohcneftant, Senio tandem ac laboribus confecTtus Placide obdormivit. A. D. M.nCC.LXIIIJ I TT • ^tat LXXVI. j. 1 Kcnricus, F. polu.t. In Eirglif^ as follows. To the Memory of Henry Stebbing, D. D. Archdeacon ot' Wilts, and Chancellor of the Diocefe of Sarum. Fje was formerly Preacher to the Hon. Society of Gray's-Inn, London. In his diligent Difcharge of which OrHce For near twenty Years He was very greatly elleemed For his found, plain and inftrudtive Sermons, For his eminent Abilities in Theology Are lufficicntly feen in his Works, Which will laft As long as Learning itfelf Ihall continue. He was much eng^a^ed in Controverfv, Wherein he always diftinguilhsd himfelf. And was ever allowed to be On the Side of Truth, A flrenuous, able, and intrepid Advocate For the Chriltian Religion and the Church of England. He was adorned with all the Virtue which become the Scholar, the Divine, the honeft Man, and the good Chriftian, At length, worn out with Age and Labour, he gently fell afleep. In the Year of our Lord 1763, of his Age 76. Henricus, F. ereded this monument. O71 thefivne ivall, more 'ivejiward, is a monument ivitb the following infcription : H. S. E. Morte praereptus inopina, Jofephus Gribb'e, A. M. Clericus et Scholse Claufalis Hypodidafcalus R 2 Quam 124 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c* Quam trifte liquerlt ^'ir eximius Sui defiderium fatis hinc con- flat, quod univerfus Difcipu- lorum Chorus huic Marmori ponendo Symbolas proprio fumptu lubens paravit DecelTit XXV Annos naius pridie Kal. Mali M DCC LXVir. In the body of the church, towards the font. On a fmall grave-Jione, white marble, is this infcriptian : Here lies the Body of Mifs Catherine Powney, Daughter of Penyftone Powney, Efq; late Knight of the Shire for the County of Berks, and Penelope, his Wife, aged ten Years. She died Sept. 22d, 1760. On a black marble, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Jane, Wife of Thomas Phipps, Efq; who died June 6th, 1708, aged 47 Years. On another, is this infcription t. Here lieth the Body of Jane, Wife of Henry Hele, Efq; Doaor of Phyfic, who died Odober 2 ift, 1769^ aged 7 1 Years. ' On a Keintonjlone is this infcription : Here lieth the earthly remains of Lucy Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. 125 Lucy Roth well, eldeft Daugh'^ of Francis and Lucy Sambrooke, and ReHa of the Rev. Thomas Rothwell, L. L. D. Re6lor of Munxton, in Hants, She died April the 7th, 1763. aged 65 Years. On another is this in/cription: H. S. E. Petrus Bourgoin, Generofus, Curiarum Domini Epifcopi, In Civitate Novae Sarum, Omnium Protonotarius Et in eadem Pacis Clericus obi it 3° die Maii . fDom. 1730, ^""° l^tat. 63. On a Keintonjlone, is this in/cription r Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Jane Bourgoin, late Wife of Peter Bourgoin, Gent. who died Odober the 2 1 ft, Anno Domini 1727,. aged 47 Years. On another, is this in/cription.: Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Suanna Tate, late of this Clofe, Widow, who departed this Life the Bth Day of Nov. 1722, aged 72. She was Wife firft to the Rev"^'- Mr. Sachaverel, Redlor of St. Peters, in Marlborough, and Prebendary of this Church, and afterwards Wife to the Rev"''- Mr. Tate, Minifter of Profhott, both in this County. Clo/e 126 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, ^c. Clofe by the Font, on a Keinionjione, is this infcription : Here lieth interred, the Body of Colonel William Elrington, of the Hon'''^- Brig^''- Gene'- Cope's Regiment, who departed this Life December the XXV I II, MDCCXXXV. Aged LXXIII Years. in the VIII Year of cur Sovereign Lord King George the Second. On another, is this infcription : Here lie the Remains of Seymour Powell, Attorney at Law, of HorHiam, in the County of Suflex, who died on the 6th Day of September, MDCCLXIII. in the 28 th Year of his Age. On another, is the folloiving infcription : H. S. E. Richardus Hele, A. M. Hujus Ecclefise Prebendarius Parochiae de Britford Vicarius necnon. Scholse in hoc Claufb, quinquaginta annos Magifter, In exequendo fuo Munere et Scholares quam Sedulus. Ut Ecclefias Anglicanas Prefbyter quam Integer, Supremo Die palam innotefcet Obiit Die Jul. Vicelimo quinto Anno Dom. 1756, iEtat. ']j. On Defcription of Salilbury Cathedral, ^c, il'j On another i like the former, is this infcrittion : Underneath are laid The earthly Remains Cf a virtuous and good Woman, Bled with a clear Head And an honeft Heart, \n Life and Death A true Chriftian; Such was Amv Hele, Wife of Ri. Hele, M. A. Prebendary of this Church. She died On the 1 9th of May T u V c50urLord MDCCLIII, In the Year of | ^^^^ ^^^ ^XV. Here alfo are buried Two of her Children, Who died infants. On another, is this infcription : H. S. E. Johannes Hele, Gen. Obiit 6 die Julii, Anno \^'''^ 40, iDni. I 1723. On another is this infcription ; H^ S. E. Cornelia Hele, Uxor Johannis Hele,. Obiit 22° die Julii, . fi^tatr 39, Anno -{t-* • -i ,t\^ iDm. 1 1 723. On 128 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, &'c. On another, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Anthony Walkley, Gent. Late Organift of this Cathedral, who died Jan'y 1 6''' 1717. Aged 45 Years. On another is this infcription : Anna Legg, Obiit Odlavo die Januarii - . fiEtatis fuae 64., Anno ^ r\ ^ I Dom. 1726. On another, in capitals, is this infcription : H. S. E. DOROTHEA MULLENS, QU^ OBIIT VII JULII, . 7Dni. MDCCXXIX, ^""°i^tat. SujeXVII. On another, is this infcription : H. S. E. Carolus Mullens, L. L. B. Ob. Odlob. XXII, Anno Dom. MDCCXXX, iEtat Sua2 XXIX. On another, is this infcription : Gulielmus Mullens, M. B. ob. April xxx. Anno Dom. MDCCXXXI, iEtat Suie XXX. On afmall white marble grave-flone, is this infcription : Here lieth the Body of Dorothea, the Daughter of Edward Poore, Efq; and Rachel his Wife, who Defcnption of Salifbury Cathedral, £?<:. 129 who died April 15th, 1744, aged 7 Months. And ahb of Hopton their Son, who died Dec. f 8th, 1748, Aged I o Years. On a Keintonjlone, in capitals, is the folhwing infcripiion : M S. Rachel Mullens, Qas Obiit Novemb. xx. Anno Dni. MDCCXXVI. iEtat. Sua; LVI. 0« another, is this infcription : H. S. E. Geo. Mullens, M. D. Qui Ob'. II*' Martii, Annol^"^-^73S, J iEtat 74. 0« a grey Purbeckjlofie, is this infcription ': . Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Hannah Waterman, Widow, Who died July y= 14''" 1750. On another is this infcription: In Memory of James Blackborow, Gent. who departed this life April y^ 24th, 1732- 'On the font h fide of the weft door or grand entrance is a handfome marble tnonU" ment, with this infcription : Here lyeth The Body of Thomas Lord Wyndham, of FInglafs, in the Kingdom of Ireland, yoan^eft Son of John Wyndham, of Norrington, in this County, Efq. He was educated in the School of the Canons of this Clofe, from whence he went in 1698 to Wadham College, in the Univerfity of Oxford. He removed from thence to Lincoln's Inn in 1701, and was there called to the Degree of Barriiter at Law, in 1705. In the Year 1724, his rvlajefly King George the Firfl: was pleafed to appoint him CJiief Juftice of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland, where he fat t\vO Years. S In 130 Defcription of Salifbury Cathedral, Z^e, In December 1726, he was advanced to the Office of Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, and conftituted one of the Lords Juftices of that Kingdom, into which lad Office he was fworn eight feveral Times. On the Deniife of King George the Firlt, his Majefly King George the Second renewed las Commiffion of Lord High Chancellor, and in September i/"?!, in confideration of his diligent and faithful Services, was pleafed to create him a Baron of the Kingdom of Ireland. He prcfided in fix Seffions of Parliament as Speaker of the Houfe of Lords of Ireland, where there is a Seffion but once in two Years. In April 1739, he fat as Lord High Steward of Ireland, on the Trial of the Lord Barry, of Santry, being the firfl Lord High Steward that ever was appointed, in that Kingdom. In September 1739, he refigned his Offices at his own Requeft on account of an ill State of Health, contradled by a too intent and too long Application to a great Variety of Bufinefs he had been engaged in. He was a Member of the eflablilhed Church, a ftrenuous Aflerter of lawful V\r berty, a zealous Promoter of Juliice, a dutiful Subje 1 14. Ralph Ero;um was confecrated at Bruges, in Flanders, in December 1375. 15". John VVaUham, in the Reign of Richard 11. was confecrated in September, 1388, and diedin I-^95. ^, . , a j 16. Richard Mitford was, in 1395, tranflated to Sarum, from Chichelter, and died in 1407. . 1 r> . 17. Nicholas Buburith, in the Reign of Henry IV. was in 140^, by the Popes Bull, tranflated from the See of London to Saliibury, and in the fame Year wa 25. John Blith, in the Reign of Henry VII. was confecrated in February, 1493* made Chancellor of Cambridge in 1494, and died in 1499. 26. Henry Dean was tranflated from the See of Bangor, to Sarum, in 1500, and was afterwards removed to Canterbury. 27. Edmund An Account of the. Birhops of New Sarum. x'l^ 27. Edmund Audley was removed from Hereford to Salisbury, in IC02, and died in 1524. 28. Laurence Campegius, in the Reign of Henry Vllf. was by Pope Clement appointed Aiminillrator or Commendatory of the Epifcopate of Sariim, in 1524. He was one of the Delegates appointed by the Pope, to hear the Affair of the King's Divorce from Catherine of Spain. 25). Nicholas Shaxton was confecrated in April,- 1-53 £;, and when Mary afcendcd the Throne, he was deprived, along with Latimer and the other Bifhops^ but not having Fortitude to withftand their fiery Perfecutions, he recanted, in a Sermon preached by him when Ann Aikew was burnt. He died at Cambridge in Au- gulU 1556. 30. John Salcot, was confecrated BiiTiop of Bangor, in April, 1534, tranflated to Sarum in AugulV, 1539, and died in Odober, 1557. 31. John Jewel, m Queen Elizabeth's Reign, was confecrated in 1560, and died in 1 5- \. 32. Edmund Gheall, was confecrated Billiop of Rocheder, in January, 1 559,, tranflated to Sarum in December, 1576, and died in February 1578. 33. John Piers prefided over this See ten Years, and was Almoner all that Time; at la ft, in 1588, he was tranflated to York. 34. John Coldwell was confecrated BiOiop of Sarum in 1591, and died in 1596. 35. Henry Cotton, was confecrated in 1598, and died in May, 1615. 36. Robert Abbjt, in the 13th Year of the Reign of James 1. was confecrated in December J 6 ' 5. 37. Martin Totherby was confecrated in April, 1618, and died in March, 16 19. 38. Robert Tountbn was confecrated in July, 1620, and died in May 1621. 39. John Davenant was confecrated in 162!, and died in 1641. 40. Brian Duppa, in the Reign of Charles 1. was tranflated from Chicheftcr to Sarum, in 1641. He afllfted King Charles in compofing the e.v.i.> b^ja.x.,, or Portraiture of tb.at Prince in his Sulterings, and was afterwards removed to Win- chefter. 41. Humphry Henchman, in the Reign of Charles IL was confecrated in 0(51. 1660, and tranflated to London in Sept. 1663. 42. John Earl was promoted to Sarum in 1663, and died in Nov. 1665. 45. Alexander Hyde was confecrated in Dec. 1665, and died in Aug. 1667. 44.. Scth Ward was confecrated BiHiop of Exeter, in 1662, and in 1667 was tranflated to Sarum. The College of Matrons, built by him, is a perminent Mo- nument of his Charity and Munificence. He died in January, 1689. 45, Gilbert Eurnet, in the Reign of William \\\. was confecrated in March, 1689. 46. William Talbot, in the Reign of George I. was tranflated from Oxford to Salifbury in April 17 15, and after fix Years removed to Durham. • 47. Ric!",ard 136 yln Account of the Bifhops ^t/* New Sarum. . 47. Richard Willis was tranflated from Gloucefter to Sarum, in 1721, and from thence to Winchefter. 48. Benjamin Hoadly was tranflated from Hereford to Salifbury, in 1723, and removed to VVinchefter in I734. 49. Thomas Sherlock, in the Reign of George II. was tranflated from Bangor to Salifbury, in 1738, and in 1748 was advanced to the See of London. 50. John Gilbert fucceeded Dr. Sherlock, in 1748, and in 1757 was tranflated to the See of York. 51. John Thomas, in 1757, was removed from the See of Peterborough to Sa- rum, and in 1761 to that of Winchefler. 52. Robert Drummond was advanced from the See of St. Afaph to Sarum, but in lefs than a Year was removed to the Archiepifcopal Chair of York. 53. John Thomas, in the Reign of George III. was removed from Lincoln to Salifbury, in 1761, and died in 1766. 54. John Hume, the prefent Bifhop, was appointed to the See of Briflol, in 1756 ; in 1758 was tranflated to Oxford, and in 1766 was promoted to Salifbury, where he ftill continues. ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL REMARKS, FROM A Manuscript of the late Mr. FRANCIS PRICE, &c. THE quotations from the original manufcript account of the founder's pro- ceedings, make it evident, that Bifhop Poore dedicated three altars in the eaftern part of the church : one in the extreme Part, now called Lady Chapel, the traces of which are yet remaining behind the prefent altar there : another at the extrem.ity of the north ifle, the traces of which are to be feen behind Lord Gorges monument : and a third at the eaft end of the fouth ifle, where the Duke of Sotnerfefs family-monument now ftands. From thefe plain fads one may reafonably conjedture, that the eafl:ern part of the church was raifed to its intended height firft, and compleated for divine fer- vice, by being feparated from the weftern parts by a partition, the veftiges of which remain to this day in a line with the back of the high altar. Here (it is now very evident) the ftone was cut for the better accommodation of the timber partition ; and the iron hooks for the more effeftual faftening of the fame ftill re- maining, we may fafely conclude, that the little door to the fouth was made, that the Bifhop might the more conveniently attend the church from his palace. And this, I think, is demonftrable from the gate-ways and door-ways now vifible in the •wall of the palace-courts, pointing to this fouthern door of the church, called by tradition Peters Porch, doubilefs becaufe it led to an altar fo diftinguifhed. And in this place it will by no means be improper to remark, that the buttrelles of the church, in a line with this conjedlural partition, are of a greater fubftance than the reft, that they might afford a flronger flay to that quarter. For it is highly probable, that the weftern parts could not be carried on with the like dilpatch as this eaftern part pofitively was, in order to favour the Bifhop's defign of an early dedication, as the dates will prove. This leads me to conclude that tb.e eaflern parts of both croflings of the nave were always intended for chapels with altars in them. Thefe were undoubtedly dedicated to particular faints, as the work drew the more nearly towards its completion. This will be illuftrated by the following account of the burial places of feveral of the firft Bifliops of this fee. And in this I fliould have the more fatisfadlion, had it bcsn in my power to have given the true ancient name to each of the faid chapels. But the more immediate rcalbii T of \ I 1^3 Additional Remarks. o of mv introducing fo many of their burial places as I could with any certainty colledt together, is, thnt I may thereby have an opportunity of (hewing when and liow many of the injuries were done, which are complained of in the body of this work. Nor am I in any kind of doubt but that, for thefe indulgences, they left conliderahle donations for carrying on the work of the tower and fpire ; it having been clearly demonftrated that the church was compleated without either. Opiiond, who facceeded Herman, was by IVlUiam the Conqueror made Chan- cellor of England, Earl of Dorfet, and afterwards BiQiop of Old Sarum. He went oh with the building of the cathedral, the foundation of which had been laid by his predeceflbr, and finifhed and confecrated it in the year 1092. On its being injured by lightening, he repaired and decorated it in an extraordinary manner; and, dying, was interred therein. His bones were afterwards removed to the new cathedral, and depofited in the middle of St. Mary's chapel, under a ftone bearing date 1099, vv'hich was undoubtedly the year of his deceafe. Roo-er, the tliird Bidiop of Old Sartim, had early notice taken of him, when he was only curate of Calne, by King Henry the Firft, before he came to the crown. What principally recommended him, and an odd recommendation it was, is faid to have been his dexterity in the difpatch of divine fervice. He is reported to have been a perfon of good natural parts, but of no great learning. He founded two monafteries, and the ftrong caftles of Siherhorne and Devizes were built by him. In his elevation and difgrace there was a near refemblance betwixt him and Cardinal Wolfey. He was at length ftarved to death through a piomife to King Stephen^ that his caftle of Devizes fliould be furrendered to him before he eat or drank ; but his nephew, the Bifhop of Ely, who had then pofleffion of it, kept it three days before he made the furrender to the King- This occafioned the death of his uncle, whofe body was buried in Old Sarwn, (but removed thence, and placed in the wall of the north ifle of the prefent church, within an arch made tor that purpofe) by tradition, in the year 1 139. Richard Poore, the feventh Bifliop of Old Sanim, was firft Dean of Salijhury, then made Bifliop of Chichejler, and tranflated to the fee of Sarufn, in the year 1217, and became the founder of the prelent fabric. Though he was afterwards fet over the fee of Durham, and his body is faid to have been buried at Tarrant Monkton, in Dorfetjljire, yet a monument was ereded to his memory on the north lide of the altar, by tradition, in 12-^.J. I never could find, after all the enquiries in my power, where the remains of Bifliop Joceline were depofited ; though it be evident enough that they were re- moved from Old Sanim. William Long (pee. Earl of Old Sarum, lies in a tomb partly of ftone and partly of wood, juft within our Lady's chapel towards the north fide. There is a traditional account that the body of the archited lies on the outfide of t'-ie church, on the weft fide of St. Peters, I'orch -, but I can make nothing out by X Additional Remarks. 139 by fearching after it, more than this, that the remains of the tomb are precilsly after the manner of the vaulting of the church. And this indeed is more fignifi- cant and expreffive than any literal infcription could have been. Robert Bingham, Bilhop of Sarum, is faid to have forwarded the buildin^ of the cathedral with much diligence, but left the church feventeen hundred marks in debt. He lies on the north fide of the chancel, under an arch humourouily adorned, by tradition, 1246. He is called the fecond founder of the church. WiUiam < f York lies oppofite, viz. on the fouth fide of the chancel, under an arch of another form, by tradition, buried in 1256. Having but little hand in promoting the building of the church, he is not reckoned a founder. Giles Brideport lies on the fouth of the choir, in Mary Magdalen's chapel, under an arch, that has a beautiful white marble tomb, wrought as a model of the: outfide of the tower, by tradition, 1264. This is alfo the place where the former numerous levellings were guided, marked ©. The remains of Walter Scammel were laid near the north-weft grand leg under the prefent fearing, by tradition, in the year 1286. Bilhop Comer lies in the middle of the choir, nearly under the Eagle, by tra- dition, 1290. Behind the altar, and at the entrance into St. Mary?., or our Lady's chapel, and under two extraordinary flabs of marble, lie the remains of Nicholas hongjpee, foil of William Long/pee, Earl of Old Sarum ; by tradition, in 1297. Simon of Gaunt lies in an arch eredted within the inclofure of the choir, on the fouth fide, next to the fouth-eaft grand leg, near the monument of Sir Richard Mompefon; by tradition, in 131 5. Roger Mortival Mes on the north fide of the choir, under a flab of marble inlaid with brafs; by tradition, in 1329. Robert Wyvill lies in the choir, near the Bifhop's throne ; by tradition, in 1375. Richard Meltford, or Mitford, lies in St. Margaret's chapel ; by tradition, in 1407. This chapel is fupp"led to be that which is next to the north- eall grand leg, and, if fo, he is depofited under a marble arch and tomb. William AiJQOvgh lies on the fouth fide of the fouth ifle, under a monument which is partly a model of the vaultings; by tradition, in 1450. In the place which is commonly called Beauchamp's chapel, and in the middle of it, lies the Billiop of that name, his arms being over the entrance ; by tradition, in 1482. Clofe behind the altar lies John Blvthe, commonly called here the Thwart- over Bifiop, from his body's being depofited north and fouth. This is faid to have been done by his (jwn defire, that his monument might be, as it is, under the confeffional chair ; this bears the date of 1499. Eafi:ward of the choir door, in a very neat and beautiful chapel, north of the altar, lies the body of Edmund Audley, Hifhop of this fee, in the ti.ue of Henry T 2 v;i. 140 Additional Remarks. VII. by tradition, in 1524 He left to the church a certain income for ever, that a chauntry for mafs might be fung for his foul. This is now enjoyed by fome of the church, but what the revenue is, or who receives it, is not certain. "John Jeivel, wlio eminently fignalized himfclf at the time of the reformation, lies in the middle of the choir, againfl the Bilhop's throne; in 1 571. Much of the painted glafs was deftroyed by him. Edmund Gheq/i lies alfo in the middle of the choir ; by tradition, in 1578. yohn Co/dur/ilks in the flmie grave with Bilhop IVyvili ; by tradition, in 1 596. "John Davenatit, Bifhop of this diocefc, and one of the tranflators of the bible, lies in the fouth ifle, againfl: Bifliop Capon; 1641. Alexander Hyde, a near relation of the great Lord Chancellor of that name, by whofe interell; he was preferred to this See, lies in the fouth ifle, againfl: the Dulpit ; in 1665. ' Seth Ward, concerning whom the reader may learn much in the monumental infcriptions, lies in the fouth Stem of the ean:ern crofs; in 1688. Befides thofe of thefe bifliops, there are other burial places and monuments for many perfons of diftinftion; but the mention of one only will fuffice for the pre- fent, and that is the monument of Lord Hmigerfor-d. He lies in the north wall of St. Marys chapel ; by which the faid wall has been greatly injured, chiefly by taking away the buttreflTes and folid parts. The fame is evident on the fouth fide oppofite. Whence I conclude that the reverfed arches, which ftand in the caftern crofs, were an early work ; otherwife thefe weakenings were fuflicient to have caufed a mofl- dangerpus fradure that way. It fliews alfo that the chapel muft have been applied to fome ufe before Bifliop Beauchamp\ time. For if this had not been the cafe, the tombs of Birtiop Wickhampton and Bifliop Braundjlone mufl: have laid St. Marys chapel open to the weather, which cannot be fuppofed. Again, Bifliop Binghams and Bifliop William of Tork's monuments were un- doubtedly placed where we find them, before the arches and their reverfings in the eafl:ern crofs were ereded, or there could not be fo plain and vifible a fign in them of the extenfion eaftward. Bifliop Audleys breaking the order of the building to give light to his chapel, mufl: have been a dangerous proceeding, and long after the faid arches were ereded. And that, together with the great weaknefs of the fouth wall, mufl: have rendered the undertaking extremely hazardous. Thefe ad- ditional chapels and the principal of the monuments, as alfo the prefent altar, are of another kind of free fl:one than the church was built with, which, having a yel- lowifli cafl:, mufl: have been brought from Hafelbury or Box. Thefe arc all the ufes, which I can at prefent point out, to be made of the dates of the monuments, &;c. And hereby our former conjedures are illufl:rated, by {hewing that the faid arches in the eaflern crofTes were an early work, and that there has alfo been fome declination in the building fince they were fo placed. Nor Additional Remarks. i4.i Nor is there the lead probability that the three bays of light lofty work, be- tween the two croflings of the nave could otherwifc have refilled the pufli of the grand arches a moment, efpecially confidering the walls of St. Mary's chapel were fo much weakened. As a proof that thefe weakenings were done in very early times, it may be obferved, that the fouth wall has not the leafl: trace of any buttrefs having ever been in the middle part of it. This alfo proves that ^i(ho}^ Beaiichamp's chapel, or fome other work in this place, was put to another ufe before his time. The dates of the Bifhops that lie in the wall, and the confideration that the conftituent parts of their tombs and of the figures belonging to them are of Pur- beck marble, form a ftrong argument that they were fo placed, before the building of the tower and fpire was begun. Thefe being the mofl: material remarks that we could colledl together, the rea- der has our hearty wifhes that they may prove as ufeful and entertaining as out earned endeavours have been to make them fo. A LIST I A List of the Dignities and Prebends O F T H E CATHEDRAL CHUR CH of *S'^;2C/M. With the Order for the Days of Preaching annexed to each, and the referved Annual Revenues of the Estates appropriated to them refpedively. Annuai . Revenue. Preaching Days. DicMTiES and Prebends. £' J-. d. 69 6 8 Advent Sunday Mr. Chan tor 84 2 Mr. chancellor 174 3 Mr. Treafurer 54 i8 6 4 Mr. Archdeacon of Berks 204 10 Chnjlmas "Day Mr. Dean 70 1 1 8 I Mr. Archdeacon of Sarum 3 6 8 2 Sundays after Epiphany Tatejhury 64 8 9 I Mr. Archdeacon of Wilts 62 2 Highivorth 17 10 3 Winterborne Erles 30 4 Du7-nford 20 Septuagefima Slape 20 Sexagejima Alton Aujlral 56 ^hiquagejima Sundays in Lent Fordington and Wringlington 74 13 4 I ^eyjtton Regis 8 8 -J r {. 2 Alternately \ Rufcomb Gillingham Minor 52 3 Gillingham Major t)2 4 Highworth 7 5 Warminjler 36 6 Stratoii 50 Go«)^ Friday llfraconib 204 10 Rajler Day Sundays after E^tv Mr. Dean 69 6 8 I Mr. Chan tor 84 2 Mr. Chancellor 174 3 Mr. Treafurer 54 18 6 4 Mr. Archdeacon of Berks 70 1 1 8 5 Mr. Archdeacon of Sarum 64 18 9 6 Mr. Archdeacon of Wilts 204 10 Whit Sunday Mr. Dean 50 ^Trinity Sunday Shipton An- Dignities and Prebends, &'c. ^43 NNUAL Revenue. Preaching Days. Dignities and Prebend £■ s. d. Sundays after Trinity 43 '2 6 I Net her bury in Eccl. 30 2 Gratitham Aujl. 33 3 Grantha7n Bor. 38 6 8 4 Chute and Chefenbiiry 36 5 Bedfniujier and Redc/iff'e 50 6 Grimjione and Tatminfier 25 16 . 7 Wilsford and Woodford 20 5 8 Bemminjler Prima 30 9 Netherhaven 22 5 8 10 Bemminfler Secunda 20 II Netherbury in tena 20 12 Bipopjion 22 13 13 Tatminjler Prima 10 14 Lime and Haljiock 38 6 8 15 Combe and Harnham 74 13 4 16 Teyntofi Regis 22 10 17 Alton Boreaiis 20 18 Torleton ]6 »9 Tatminjler Secunda 20 20 Chardjloek 55 6 8 21 Hujborn and Burbige 36 22 TJffcombe 33 7 6 23 Bitton 24 . ^4- Prejlon 14 Saint P^z^/ , Mr. Subdean 13 Saint Barnabas Mr. Subchantor 30 1 Thefe three Prebends f Major Pars AUaris 6 7 6 have no Preaching \ Minor Pars Altaris 5 2 I J Turn [ l^tr afford Potterne P C Biflioprick Heytejbury Brkkkfworth > Prebend is annexed to the < Deanry Cbancellorfhip Calne J i Treafurerfliip Rules j^^. Rules, Orders, ^c» KuLES for afcertaintjtg the Moveable Preaching Turns after th& Epiphany a?id Trinity. If there be fewer than four Sundays after the Epiphany, the preachers appoint- ed for thofe Sundays which are omitted fliall take their turns on the Sundays that will then be (always) above twenty-four after Trinity. And if there be more than four Sundays after the Epiphany, (in which cafe there will be, mofl: commonly, fewer than twenty-four after Trinity] the preachers for the Sundays omitted after Trinity Ihall take their turns on the overplus Sundays after the Epiphany. The Order for the Chapter Turns. tj But if it fall out that there is an increafe of one, without any diminution of the other (as when there are five Sundays after the Epiphany and the full twenty- four after Trinity) or if the overplus Sundays in one exceed the number omitted in the other (as when there are two after the Epiphany and twenty-fevcn after Trinity) in thefe and other like cafes the Sunday extraordinary is a chapter turn : as are alfo Eajier-day in the morning, the hG'izt-Sunday in the afternoon, if the Sheriff does not provide a preacher, and all public days, except when any fuch falls . on a day for which a preacher is appointed of courfe on the lift. The Order for Holidays. All Holidays in the year 'belong to the Chancellor of the church, except Good Friday, St. Paid, St. Bartiabas, and the Epiphany, as often as it happens to be the fecond Sunday after Chrijimas, I N I S. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. g JUN 8 iSWL ENPAIAL J j1"2^^' :J\\ 22 m 970 «..^w n>ffl» fiECT) l|d-URL DlSCHARGE-URr ^ \m DEC 1979 Form L9-75m-7,'61 ( 01437g4) 444 3'"llS?"gffi|§'g^^^^ ^