,X ■2^'M-' ^ / U UjL-'C^Ji^ /^ ^i' \j CHRONICLE or THE CID, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR, THE CAMPEADOR. Prinlcd iy ^ Pop^t 52. Old Boswell Court, Strand. ^ -. I" "■ Cftronitle of tl)e Cit). ftp frtntrt rot Honptan, ^urut, mcc^, an5 jDrmc, ^awno^tcC'roto, 1808. 4? ^7 PREFACE. Tliis Chronicle of the Cid is wliolly translation, but it is not the translation oi any single work. The three following have been used. 1. CHRONICA DEL FAMOSO CAVALLERO CID RUY- DIEZ CAMPEADOR. Burgos 1593. The first and only other edition of this Chronicle was printed in 1553. The Infante Don Fernando, avIio was afterwards Em- peror, seeing the manuscript at Cardeiia, ordered the Abbot Don Fr. Juan de Velorado to publish it, and obtained an order from his grandfather Fernando the Catholic King to the same effect. The Abbot perforihed his task very carelessly and very inaccurately, giving no account of the manuscript, and suffering many errors to creep into the text, which might have been correct- ed by collating it Avith the original. Beuther, Escolano, and otlieis, ascribe it to Abenalfarax, the nephew of Gil Diaz. Berganza is of opinion that the main part was written by Gil Diaz himself, because the manuscript at Car- dena says, ' Then Abenfax the Moor, who wrote this Chroni- cle in Arabl3, set down the price of food:' And Abentaxi, according to him, was the name of Gil Diaz before his conver- sion. Abenalfarax is named in the end of the book as the author: a IV PREFACE. he concludes therefore that it was completed by him ; . . and this the Covonica Genera/ confirms by sayhig, Segun cuenta laEstoria del Cid, que de aqui adelante compuso Ahen Alfarax su sobrino de Gil Diaz en Valencia. The printed Clironicle however says Abenalfarax where Berganza reads Abenfax, and Avrites Alfaraxi for the Moorish name of Gil Diaz. This question is not easily decided. There is nothing Arabian in the style of the Chronicle, except the lamentation for Valencia, which is manifestly so. It is most probably the work of a Spaniard, who used Arabic documents. It is equally impossible to ascertain the age of this Chroni- cle. The Abbot Arho published it judged that it was as old as the days of the Cid liimself. This supposition is absurd. Lucas of Tuy and the Archbishop Rodrigo are frequently cited in it. It Avas however an old manuscript in 1552. A much older Avas seen in 1593 by Don Gil Ramirez de Arellano, which according to his account was in Portugueze, but agreed in the main with that Avhich had been published. The older the language, the more it would resemble Portugueze. Another question is, whether it has been inserted in the Covonica General, or extracted from it : for that the one copied from the other is certain: but it is equally certain from the variations, that each must have had some other original ; . . perhaps the Arabic. If the Chronica del Cid be extracted from the General Chronicle, which is giving it the latest date, even in that case it Avas Avritten before the end of the iSth century; that is, little more than 150 years after the Cid's death ; and Avhatever fiction has been introduced into the story, must have been invented long before, or it Avould not have been received as tmth, and in- corporated into the general history of Spain. This question has not been, and perhaps cannot be decided. There are some errors in the Chronicle of the Cid Avhich are corrected in the PREFACE. General Chronicle, and sometimes it contains passages which are necessar}'^ to explain an after circumstance, but are not found in the other*. 2. Las quatro partes enteras de la Cronica de EspaFia, que mando componer el Serenissimo Ilei/ Don Alonso llmado el sabio, donde se coiitienen los acontescimientos y hazanas maijores y mas seTia- ladas que sucedieron en Espana, desde su primer a poblacion hasta cast los tiempos del dicho senor Rey. Vista y emendada ?nucha parte de su impresion por el maestro Floria7i Docampo Cronista del empera.dor rey nuestro senor. Con previlegio impe- rial. Fue impressa la presente Cronica general de Espana en la magnijica, noble y antiquissima cibdad de Zamora : por los hon- rrados varones Augustin de poz y Juan Picardo companeros inpressores de libros, vezinos de la dicha cibdad. A costa y es- pensas del virtuoso laron Juan de Spinosa mercader de libros vezino de Medina del Campo. Acabose en nueve dias del mes de deziembre. Ano del nascimiento de nuestro Salvador Jesu Crista de fnill y quinientos y quarenta y un anos. Heynando en Espana el Emperador Don Carlos nuestro Senor y Itey natural. Florian de Ocampo relates the history of this firsi edition in his epistle dedicatory to Don Luys de Stuniga y Avila. Tlie printers of Zamora, he says, came to him and besought him to give them something which they might publish to the use and glory of those kingdoms whereof they and he were natives. He had at that time in his house a manuscript of this Chronicle, * The language of the Cfir. del Cid is sometimes of greater antiquity than the other, . . for instance ; . . E tamano fue el plazer del Rey D. Fernando e de los sui/os quamanofue el pesar del Rey D. Ramiro de dragon e de los siiyos. In the Cor. Ger. quaii grande and tan grande are the phrases. But thia is a subject which none but a Spaniard can properly investigate. y[ PREFACE. which had been lent him by the Licentiate Martin de Aguilar. Aguilar joj'fully gave up the manviscript to the printers, and Ocampo undertook to correct the press as far as he could in those hours which he could spare from his studies and pursuits : this, says he, I did with such fidehty that I would never permit the style, nor order, nor antique words to be changed, holding any such alteration to be an offence committed upon the Avork of another. Notwithstanding this becoming respect for antiquity, Ocampo passes a censure upon the style at the end of the Siima- rio. lie says, Todas estas cosas sohrediclias van escritas en estas quatro partes con plahras antigiias y toscas, segnn las usavan los Espanoles al tiempo que las hazian, qiiando se presciavan mas de h'len obrar que de hien hablar ; puesto que siempre fiie y sera s>ran alabanca bien hablar a los que bien obron. The Spanish Chronicles Avere all villainously printed, because the printers made use of the first manuscript they could find, and the correctors did their best to bring the language to that of their OAvn times, after the ncAvest and most approved fashion. This mischief Ocampo prevented as far as he could, but he should have done more ; Ocampo Avas not a common Corrector of the Press ; he Avas Chronicler to the King of Castille, and any manuscript in the kingdom Avhich he had asked for would have been put into his hands as readily as that of his friend Aguilar. The copy Avhich he implicitly folloAved happened to be remark- ably faulty. AVords and sentences are omitted in almost every column, Avhole chapters are wanting, and even one entire reign. Zurita collated the printed book Avith a manuscript of great anti- quity, Avhich had once belonged to the famous Marques de San- tillana ; and this copy, in Avhich he had with his OAvn hand insert- ed all the omissions, Avas in the possession of the Marques de Mon- dejar. An imperfect manuscript, which is likcAvise of great anti- quity, is at Salamanca, in the Collegio de S, Bartolome : some man PREFACE. of letters has prefixed a note to it, sa3'ing that it contains many chapters which are not to be found in the printed book. . . ;/ tieiie tamhien otra utilidad que es, el liallarse aqui los vocablos y voces cnstellanas antigiias en sii ptireza, sin haherse Vunado al tiempo presente, como la imprimio Florian de Ocampo. If tliis writer be accurate, the copier of Aguikir's manuscript had modernized the book as well as mutilated it. Ocampo calls this Avork la Chronica de Espana, que mando componer el Serenissimo Heij D. Alonso. The manuscript which Zurita collated has la Estoria de Espana que fizo el mui noble Rey D. Alonso. The Marques de Mondejar possessed three ma- nuscripts, neither of which supported Ocampo's reading, nor af- forded the slightest ground for supporting it. On the other hand, Don Juan Manuel, Alonso's nephew, expressly says tliat the King made the Chronicle, and in the Prologue the King says so himself. That Florian de Ocampo, Avho printed the Prologue, should have overlooked this, is inconceivable ; and why he should deny that the King wrote it, in direct contradiction of the King's own authority, is what he has not explained, and what nobody can explain for him. Don Francisco Cerda y Rico says, the real author was Maestre Jofre de Loaysa, Archdeacon of Toledo, and afterwards Abbot of Santander ; and this he says he has proved in a dissertation which was ready for the press. I know not whether this dissertation has appeared, neither do t know that at the distance of more than five centuries any proof can possibly be obtained to show that Alonso the Wise did not write the history, which he himself says he wrote, and which we know he was capable of writing. The printed Chronicle is divided into four parts, and the last part is not Alonso's work. Ocampo gives it as his own opinion, and that of many other intelligent persons, that it was not writ- ten by tlie author of the three former, because it contained no- VII Vlll PREFACE. thing but what was to be found in other books ; because the style was different, and the hinguage ruder, . . the Avhole being in fact composed of fragments put together without any attempt at improving them, and because in many places the writer ex- pressed himself as if he had been contemporary Avith the persons whose feats he was then recording. There is no doubt that this opinion is right. It ends with the death of King St. Fernando, Alonso's father. It is in this part that the history of the Cid is contained. This very curious work was reprinted at Valladolid in 1604. It is the later edition which I have used. 3. POEMA DEL CID. Sandoval first mentioned this poem, which is preserved at Bivar, and gave the four first lines, calling the whole ' Versos Barbaros y Notables.' Berganza afterwards inserted seventeen Unes in his Antis;\iedadcs. The notice which they thus gave of its existence excited the curiosity of Sanchez, to whom Spanish literature has been so greatly indebted, and he published it in the first volume of his Coleccion de Foesias Castellanas Anteriores al Sigh XV. Some leaves are wanting at the beginning of the manuscript, and one in the middle. The Avhole fragment consists of 3744 lines, the three last of which are added by the transcriber; Quien escribio este Ubro del' Dios paraiso : Amen. Per abbot Ic escribio en el mes de mayo En era de mill e CC . . XLV. aJios. Who Per Abbat Avas, and Avhether Abbat implied his rank or his name, cannot now be knoAvn : . . it is certain that he Avas the copier of the book, not the author, by the language, which is much PREFACE. older than the date of the manuscript. But there, is a difficulty concerning the date. There is a space between the CC and the XLV; and that space is just as much as another C would have filled. Perhaps, says Sanchez, the copier put one C too much, and erased it ; perhaps he placed the conjunction e, part of the date being expressed by words and part by figures, and after- wards erased it as supei-fluous ; or possibly some person thought to give the manuscript greater value by obliterating one C, to make it appear a century older. The writing seems to be of the fourteenth century. It is of little consequence; even upon that supposition the date is 1307 : and no person can doubt that the language of the poem is considerably older than that of Gonzalo de Berceo, who flourished about 1220 ; . . . a century is hardly sufficient to account for the difference between them. Sanchez is of opinion that it was composed about the middle of the twelfth century, some fifty years after the death of the Cid ; . . . there are some passages Avhich induce me to believe it the work of a contemporary. Be that as it may, it is unquestionably the oldest poem in the Spanish language. In my judgment it is as decidedly and beyond all comparison the finest. One other source of information remains to be mentioned, the popular ballads of the Cid. ROMANCES DEL CID. Sarmiento {Mem. para la Hist, de la Poesia, § 546. 548. 550.) delivers it as his opinion, that the popular ballads of the Twelve Peers, Bernardo del Carpio, Ferran Gonzalez, the Cid, &c. were composed soon after the age of the heroes whom they cele- brate, and were what the Copleros, Trouveurs, Joculars, and all the common people, sung at their entertainments. That these IX PREFACE. being orally preserved, were subject to frequent alterations as the lantruaoe of the country altered ; and thus when at length they were committed to writing, their language Avas materially difterent, but their substance remained the same. In support of this authority which he assigns to them in point of fact, he observes that the Cor. General frequently cites the Jo' any invaders as their dehverers. Tlie persecution v/hich the Jews endured from the Wisi-Goth Kings, was move atrocious than any to which that persecuted race had yet been exposed : . . . the fiendish system of extirpation, which has since been pursued against them in the same country, v/as littje more than a renewal of the execrable laws enacted by Sisebuto, Suinthela, Recesuinto, and Egica. If they were detected in observing any custom or ^,„„ j,,,^, ceremony of their religion, they were to be killed upon the spot, 'i^'^i or stoned, or burnt;... and finally, upon an absurd accusation that they had conspired with the Jews of Africa and other pro- vinces to rise against the Christians and destroy them, they were all condemned to slavery, and their children above the aoe of seven taken from them, and baptized. "I'he laws respectino- ^^^''J-^- slaves were inic^uitous in the highest degree. At one time they ^El}!na'' were not admitted as witnesses, and the law which disqualified fff "34. them, classed them with thieves, murderers, and poisoners. If n^roju^^o in spite of this law their evidence was taken, it was not to be W'*' beUeved, though it had been forced from them by torture. AVhen it was found that this disqualification too frequently bo.-i.^. obstructed the course of justice, they were allowed to be heard in trilling actions, and upon any deadly fray, provided no free witnesses could be found. In questions of adultery, treason, bo.-i. .0. coining, nmrder, and poisoning, they might be tortured to extort, evidence against their masters: he who gave it under the torture suffered with the criminal, but if he gave it without compulsion, he escaped ; this law must often have occasioned the condem- nation of the innocent. If a slave who had been transferred d.-x.^. accused his former master, that master had the privileo-e of '*■'*■ re-purchasing him to punish him at pleasure. A law was do-i,. made to keep the children of slaves slaves like their parents, because, said the legislator, there is agxeat confusion of lineac^e t. 4. ;. 1 b. ^^[ INTRODUCTION. when the son is not like the father, and as the root is even so must the branch be. By a still greater injustice, if a runaway slave of either sex married a free person, under pretence of being free, the children of that marriage became slaves to the owner of Fuerojuigo. thc fugitivc. If a woman married her slave, or one Avho having M^—' 16.' been her slave had been emancipated, both were to be burnt. Do.-i. 3. The very sanctuary was forbidden them ; they used to fly to the churches, that the clergy might hear their complaints and compel their merciless owners to sell them ; but even this refuge was taken away, and it was enacted that they should be given up to Do.— 1 5.7. punishment. There was a penalty for harbouring fugitive slaves ; and Avhosoever admitted one into his house, though the runaAvay called himself free, and did not immediately carry him before a judge for examination, was to receive a hundred stripes and pay the owner a pound ; the neighbours were liable to the same penal- ties, if they did not supply his neglect ; all persons therefore were bound to examine a suspicious stranger, and torture him to find out Avho he was. If they omitted to do this, men or women, of Avhatever race, family, or rank, were to suffer two hundred stripes, churchmen and officers of justice three hundred, and Bishop or Lord who Avas thus guilty, either for compassion or for a bribe, was to forfeit three pounds to the King, and do penance during thirty days, like one who had been excom" Do.— 1. 9. mvmicated. The monstrous severity of this law proves how t. 1. J. 20. , . frequently these unhappy people fled ti-om their masters, and the legislator complains that there was neither city, castle, burgh, nor village, in which runaway slaves were not concealed. Such Avere the laws of the Spanish Goths respecting slavery ! Avhere such a system Avas established, the first invader could not but be victorious, because he found recruits in every house. The kingdom deserved to fall, and it fell. The Mahommedans made many proselytes in Spain as well INTRODUCTION, as every where else where thej estabhshed themselves. But the groAvth and decline of all jNIahonimedan empires are neces- sarily connected with the civil and religious institutions of Islam- ism, and may be traced to them. In forming a new religion, Mahommed aimed at making its ritual less burthensome, its morality more indulgent, and its creed more rational than those of other nations. It Avas not however enough to appeal to the reason, nor even to the passions of mankind, without at the same time profiting by their cre- dulity. To the Jews he announced himself as the Messiah, the conqueror in whom their prophecies centered ; to the Chris- tians as the Paraclete who Avas to accomplish the yet unfulfilled system of revelation. The mere robber Avould soon have been crushed, the mere philosopher would have been neglected, and he Avho had attempted to preach the incommunicable nature of Deity either among Pagan or Christian Idolaters, Avould hardly have escaped death as a blasphemer. God is God, Avas a tenet to which none Avould have listened Avithout the darinai: addition that Mahommed Avas his prophet. The impiety of one reason- able doubt Avould have shocked and terrified those Avho believed tlie impudence of an asserted mission. Reason Avas too Aveak to stand alone, and clung to fanaticism for support. No traces of a disordered mind are discoverable either in the life or in the doctrines of Mahommed. The pure theism AAiiich he preached he probably believed ; but his own claims proceeded, from ambition, not from self-deceit. Persevering in his object, he varied the means, and never scrupled at accommodating his insti- tutions to the established prejudices of the people. At first Jcm- salem aves chosen to be the metropohs of his religion, and the point toward Avhich all the faithful should turn their faces in prayei". This privilege he transferred to Mecca, and though he destroyed the Idols of the Caaba,, he suffered the black stone Avhich was xvii Xviii INTRODUCTION. the great object of idolatrous worship, to retain its honours. Those founders or reformers of rehgion Avho were inspired, and those who beUeved themselves to be so, have spared neither the prejudices, nor passions, nor feeUngs, nor instincts, which opposed them. Mahommed attempted no such conquest over human nature: he did not feel himself strong enough to conquer. His conduct displayed the versatility of a statesman, not the inflexi- bility of an honest fanatic. The Moslem, in proof of their religion, appeal to the plenary and manifest inspiration of the Koran. They rest the divinity of their holy Book upon its inimitable excellence ; but .instead of holding it to be divine because it is excellent, they believe its excellence because they admit its divinity. There is nothing in the Koran which affects the feehngs, nothing which elevates the imagination, nothing which enlightens the understanding, nothing which ameliorates the heart : it contains no beautiful narrative, no proverbs of Avisdom or axioms of morality ; it is a chaos of detached sentences, a mass of dull tautology. Not a solitary passage to indicate the genius of a poet can be found in the whole volume. Inspired by no fanaticism, of a meagre mind, and with morals of open and impudent profligacy, Ma- hommed has effected a revolution which in its ruinous conse- quences still keeps in barbarism the greatest and finest part of the old world. His were common talents, and it is by common talents that great revolutions have most frequently been effected ; when the train is ready there needs no lightning to kindle it, any spark suflices. That his character was not generally mis- taken, is evident from the number of imitators who started up : there is also reason to suspect that it Avas as well understood by many of his friends as by his enemies. Ali indeed believed in liim with all the ardour of youth and affection ; but they Avho were convinced by the sword are suspicious converts, and among INTRODUCTION. these are Abbas and Amrou and Caled, the hoUest heroes of Islaniism. Ambition and the hope of plunder soon filled his armies, and they who followed him for these motives could teach their children what they did not believe themselves. The political and moral systeiii of the Impostor, if system it may be called, is such as might be expected from one who aimed only at his own aggrandizement, and had no generous views or hopes beyond it. That his language and his institutions liave spread together is not to be attributed to him : this great political advantage necessarily arises when nations are either civilized or converted by force, and it is only by force that this religion has been propagated ; its missionaries have marched in armies, and its only martyrs are those who have fallen in the field of battle. Mahommed attempted nothing like a fabric of society : he took abuses as he found them. The continuance of polygamy was his great and ruinous error ; where this perni- cious custom is established, there will be neither connubial, nor paternal, nor brotherly affection ; and hence the unnatural murders with which Asiatic history abounds. The Mahomme- dan imprisons his wives, and sometimes knows not the faces of his own children ; he believes that despotism must be neces- sary in the state, because he knows it to be necessary at home : thus the domestic tyrant becomes the contented slave, and the atrocity of the ruler and the patience of the people proceed from the same cause. It is the inevitable tendency of polygamy to degrade both sexes; wherever it prevails, the intercourse between them is merely sexual. Women are only instructed in wantonness, sensuality becomes the characteristic of whole nations, and humanity is disgraced by crimes the most loath- some and detestable. This is the primary and general cause of that despotism and degradation which are universal through- out the East : not climate, or the mountaineers would be free XIX ix Introduction. atid virtuous ; not religion, ibr through all the changes of belief which the East has undergone, the evil and the effect have remained the same. Mahomiiied inculcated the doctrine of fatalism, because it is the most useful creed for d conciueror. The blind passiveness which it causes has completed the degradation, and for ever impeded the improvement of all Mahommedan nations. They will not struggle against oppression, for the same reason that they will not avoid the infection of the plague. If from this state of stupid jiatience they arc provoked into a paroxysm of brutal fury, they destit)y the tyrant ; but the tyranny remains unaltered. Oriental revolutions are like the casting a stone into a stagnant pool ; the surface is broken for a moment, and tlien the green weeds close over it again. Siich a system can produce only tyrants and slaves, those who are watchful to commit any crime for power, and those who arc ready to endure any oppression for tranquillity. A barbarous and desolating ambition has been the sole motive of their con- quering chiefs ; the wisdom of thcii' wisest sovereigns has pro- duced nothing of public benefit : it has ended in idle moralizings, ximacin. aud thc latc discovery that all is vanity. One Tyrant at the hour of death asserts the equality of mankind; another, who had attained empire by his crimes, exposes his shroud at last, and proclaims that now nothing but that is left him. I have slain the Princes of men, said Az^zud ad Dowlah, and have laid waste the palaces of Kings. I have dispersed them to the East and scattered them to the West, and now the Grave calls me, and fflmacin. I must go ! aud he died with the frequent exclamation, What avails my wealth? my empire is departing from me!... When Mahmoud, the gi-eat Gaznevide, was dying of consumption in his Palace of Happiness, he ordered that all liis treasures ShbuH be brought out to amuse him. They weie laid before p. 18i Jl. 298 INTRODUCTION. Xxi liiin, silk land t^^pestrj, jewels, vessels of silver and gold, cof- fers of money, the spoils of the nations whom he had plundered : it was the spectacle of a whole day,, .but pride yielded to the stronger feelino; of nature ; . . Mahmoud recollected that he was . . . Marigny. in his mortal sickness, and wept and nioralized upon tjie vanity ^"^ <'«• of the world- '•*"• It were wearying to dwell upon the habitual crimes of which their history is composed ; we may estimate their guilt by what is said of their virtues. Of all the Abbassides, none but Mutaded equalled Almanzor in goodness. A slave one day, when fanning away the flies from him, struck off his turban, upon which Mu- taded only remarked tl^t the boy Avas sleepy; but the Vizir who was present fell down and kissed the ground, and exclaimed, Commander of the Faithful, I never heard of such a thing ! 1 did not think such clemency had been possible ! . . for it was j^^^^^ the custom of this Caliph, when a slave displeased him, to have Kr^^"** the offender buried alive. *"■ '"* The Maliommedan sovereigns have suffered their just punish- ment ; they have been miserable as well as wicked- For others they can feel no sympathy, and have learnt to take no interest : for themselves there is nothing but fear ; their situation excludes them from hope, and they have the perpetual sense of danger, and the dread of that inevitable hour wherein there shall bp no distinction of persons. This fear they have felt and confess- pd ; in youth it has embittered enjoyment, and it has made age dreadful. A dream, or the chance words of a song, or the figures of the tajjestry, have terrified them into tears. Haroun Al Ras- chid opened a volume of poems, and read, Where are the Kings, and where are the rest of the world .^ They are gone the way which thou shalt go. O thou who chusest a perishable world, and callest him happy whom it glorifies, take what th/e world can give thee, but death is at the end ! And at these p. 153. ^^•- - INTRODUCTION. Eimacin. woFtls, hc wlio had murdered Yahia and the Barmecides, wept aloud. In these barbarous monarchies the people are indolent, be- cause if they acquire wealth they dare not enjoy it. Punishment produces no shame, for it is intlicted by caprice not by justice. They who are rich or powerful become the victims of rapacity or fear. If a battle or fortress be lost, the Commander is punished for his misfortune ; if he become popular for his vic- tories, he incurs the jealous}^ and hatred of the ruler. Nor is it enough that Avealth, and honour, and existence are at the Despot's mercy ; the feelings and instincts mu-jt yield at his command. If he take the son for his eunuch, and the daugh- ter for his concubine ; if he order the father to execute the child, it is what Destiny has appointed, and the Mahommedan says, . . God's will be done. But insulted humanity has not un- frequently been provoked to take vengeance ; the monarch is always in danger, because the subject is never secure ; these are the consequences of that absolute power and passive obedience which have resulted from the doctrines of Mahommed ; and this is the state of society wherever his religion has been esta- blished. But when Islamism entered Spain, it was in its youth and vigour ; its destructive principles had not yet had time to deve- lope themselves ; and its military apostles could safely challenge corrupted Christianity to a comparison of creeds. No nation had yet been able to resist them ; they had gone on from victory to victory. With the majority of mankind the successful cause passes for the right one ; and when there were so many motives for conversion, it is not to be wondered at that the greater num- ber of the Spanish Goths became converts to a triumphant faith. When in the first years of that faith Amrou led an army against Gaza, the Governor asked, for what reason the city was attacked. INTRODUCTION. Xxiil Our Master, replied Amrou, has sent us to conquer you, unless ye receive our religion; do this and ye shall be our companions and brethren. If ye refuse this, pay a yearly tribute for ever, and we will protect you against all invaders. If neither of these terms Eimadn. be accepted, there can be only the sword between us, and we must war upon you in obedience to the command of the Lord. This was the system of the Mahommedans, and hitherto no policy could have succeeded better. The Christians Avho re- tained their religion became a kind of Helots, who supplied the revenue and cultivated the land ; they were every Avhere the minority, and as IVIahommedan states grew round them on all sides, it was not long before thej^ disappeared. The Moors found the same obsequiousness in Spain as they had done in Africa and in the East. The main part of the men apostatized, and the women contentedly learnt a new creed, to qualify tliem- selves for foreign husbands, or for the renegados who profited by the ruin of their country. But there yet remained Gothic valour and Gothic genius. Pelayo baffled them with a troop of mountaineers, the Avreck and remnant of the nation. This hero was strengthened by the accident of his royal descent ; but it was not for his birth that his fellow soldiers lifted him upon a shield, and in the hour of difficulty and danger acclaimed him King. In a strong countr}^ Avith the defiles of which he was well acquainted, he maintained himself against the neighbouring Moors. His own weakness was his best security : foes like these were beneath the notice of the conqueror; he who had overthrown the kingdom of the Goths did not stop to exterminate a handful of banditti. Once already had Musa crost the Pyrenees and advanced as far as Carcassonne : he now proposed to overrun France, proceed through Germany and , Hungary to Constantinople,, and by this line of conquests, con- nect Spain with the Saracen empire. For this enterprize he was xxiv INTRODUCTION. preparing when a courier seized the bridle of his horse, and commanded him in the CaUph's name to set out for Damascus. There was retribution in this. Musa had imprisoned Tarif because he envied his glory ; he himself was now arrested in his own career, and detained in Syria, Avhile secret orders were sent to destroy his whole family. All who were in Africa were cut off. His son Abdalazis, a man worthy of a better fate, had been left governor in Spain ; but the commanders of every town at this time exercised independant authority, and his power was little more than nominal. To strengthen himself by concili- ating the Christians, he married Egilona, widow of the late King ; Bieda.i.3. her foolish bigotry was one occasion of his ruin. Finding it impossible to convert her husband, she placed saint-images in all her apartments, and made the doors so low that he could not enter, without bowing his head before her idols. The Moor- ish Chiefs interpreted this as an artifice on his part to entrap them into a gesture which was an acknowledgment of their infe- riority. His views were too generous for their comprehension. He wished to introduce the Gothic forms of freedom, and with that view assembled them in a Cortes. They murdered him, that the anarchy might continue. His head was sent to Da- Cardmne.u mascus, aud the Caliph bade Musa look, if he knew the face. p- — • rpj^g broken hearted old man retired to Mecca, seeking there for that consolation, which, such is the blessed nature of religion, every religion however corrupted, can in some degree bestow ; and there he ended his days. V Spain was so distant from the capital of the Caliphs, that they were continually exerting their authority there, lest their weak- ness should be discovered. For tliis reason it Avas their policy frequently to change the Governor, a system every way perni- cious, which allowed integrity no time to be useful, and hurried avarice into rapacity. A few plundering expeditions were made 136. erreras. . 4..p.60. INTRODUCTION. XXV be3T)nd the P^^enees, while tyranny and extortion provoked frequent commotions at home. At length Abderrahman, as well to employ a restless people as to gratify his own ambition, collected a prodigious army, and burst into France. The cause of civilized society has never been exposed to equal danger, since the Athenians preserved it at Salamis. Charles Martel met him by Tours, and destroyed him and his army. To re- venge this defeat was for awhile the great object of the Moors, and Christendom was still saved by the same hero. Dissen- sions broke out between the original conquerors, and the Moors who had flocked over from Africa : an army of Syrians was called in, and they soon became a third party. ISIeantime cardonnt.^ 136. Pelayo and the Spaniards strengthened themselves in Astunas. Fem Wherever they advanced the}-^ found a number of Christians ready to assist in recovering their country. Under Alonso the Moraiet.13. Catholic, they became formidable, and then in their turn weak- ened themselves. His successor, Froyla, murdered one brother, and was himself murdered by another, who seized the throne. The insecure Usurper made himself vassal to the Moors, and his only wars were against the slaves in his own kingdom, who had risen upon their Christian masters. Bieda.3.a. The revolution which established the Abbassides in Syria, erect- ed another dynasty and a new empire in Spain. Abdoulrahman, one of the Ommiadcs, fled from the massacre of his family, and hid himself, with his child and his brother, in a forest beside the Euphrates. They were discovered, the boy was slain, the two a.d. 749. brethren rode into the river. One, allured by the promise of his pursuers to spare him, turned back from the dangerous passage, and was immediately murdered. Abdoulrahman swam on, and oardmnt. effected his escape. He got into Africa, and had found adhe- rents there who promised to protect him against the Governor, when deputies came over from the Spanish Moors to invite him 1. 181. ^^^j INTRODUCTION. to the kingdom of Spain as his inheritance. His reign was a perpetual warfare against those who transferred their loyalty with the throne of the Caliphs, or against chiefs who fought for their own affojandizement, and called it the cause of the Abbassides. Almanzor made one direct effort, and sent Ala Avith troops from Africa, and the whole weight of his authority, to destroy the last of a rival race. He was at Mecca Avhen the head of Ala, salt- ed and filled Avith camphor, was nailed against his palace door, and the sight made him rejoice that the sea rolled between cardo,me. lum and his enemy. The Ommiade triumphed over every opposer; established his throne at Cordova, and left the un- A.D. 787. disputed sovereignty of all the Spanish Moors to his son. The race of Abdoulrahman should not go without their fame. An astrologer predicted to his successor Haccham, a happy and glorious reign, but only of eight years. In the belief of this prediction he reigned with the wholesome fear of death before his eyes, and no act of injustice or cruelty is of him recorded. Two elder brethren, to whom he had been wisely preferred by his father, attempted to dethrone him : he subdued them, and then settled ample revenues upon these dangerous rivals, when they were at his mercy. Haccham's armies Avere filled by sol- diers who loved him ; and Avhen a father died, the sons received liis pay till they also Avere of an age to serve. The Christians resisted him Avith courage ; but he pursued them into their mountains, and burnt the palace of their Kings, and so reduced them, that Avhen a Avealthy Moor bequeathed his treasures to ransom his countrymen Avho Avere in captivity among the Spaniards, none could be found to profit by the bequest. The Pyrenees did not bound his exploits ; he completed the great Mosque at Cordova Avith the spoils of Narbonne. The liberality carrfoi.n«.i. of tliis Caliph Avas as dangerous to the Christians as his arms. Ro^rJi^n. Of his body guard, Avhich consisted of five thousand men, three r- 38. thousand Avere renegades. INTRODUCTION. XXvii The reisin of the second Haccham was more troubled. Al- ways in arms either against the Leonese, or his own rebelhous subjects, he was ahke terrible to both. A revolt threw Toledo into the hands of the Christians, who were too feeble to keep the metropolis which they had thus recovered. Another mutiny of the citizens incensed Haccham, and the vengeance which he planned was in the spirit and upon the scale of Asiatic barba- rity. Their lellow citizen Amrouz was made Governor; he lured the atfections of the people, and tempted them to plot another rebellion in which he should be their leader ; and he persuaded them that a citadel would be necessary for their de- fence. They built one, and within it, a palace for their new Chief. This citadel was designed to keep the people in obedi- ence, and Amrouz m ide the workmen dig a pit secretly within the walls, deep and wide and long. When every thing was prepared, Haccham sent his son to Toledo, on some specious pretext. Amrouz entertained him and invited all Avho pos- sessed either authority or influence in the town to a feast. As roj. a™. they entered, they were seized ; the massacre lasted from morn- c. 22. 23. • 1 ■• 1 Cardonne ing till mid-day, and the ready orave was filled with five thousand '■ 24s. bodies. No provocation can palliate a crime like this ; yet all '«• that his subjects complained of in Haccham, were his sloth, his excesses at table, and above all his love of wine. New mutinies excited him to new cruelty : meantime the Christians insulted his border. A female Moor as she was led away into captivity, called upon Haccham to deliver her. Her appeal was reported to him, and it roused his pride. He entered the Christian terri- tories at the head of a victorious army, sought out the v/oman, and with his own hand broke her chains. Cardmneu 255. A second Abdoulrahman succeeded. He is called the Victo- rious, though he was more fortunate against his own rebellious subjects than against the Christians, who gained upon his fron- d ^Xyiij • INTRODUCTION. tier, or the Normans who pkxndered his coast. Mahommed, the next in succession, left thirty three sons ; one of his forty four brethren broke the line of inheritance and seized his nephew's throne. The Usurper was the third Abdoulrahnian, the most magnificent of the Moorish Kings of Spain. His history is like a tale of Eastern splendour, with an Eastern moral at the end. To gratify the vanity of a favourite slave, he built a town and called it after her name, Zehra, which signifies the ornament of the world. There were in its palace a thousand and fourteen columns of African and Spanish marble, nineteen from Italian quarries, and a hundred and forty beautiful enough to be pre- sents from the Greek Emperor. The marble walls of the Hall of the Caliph were inlaid with gold ; birds and beasts of gold, studded with jewels, spouted Avater into a marble bason in its centre ; the bason was the work of the best Greek sculptors, and above it hung the great pearl which had been sent to Abdoulrahnian by the Emperor Leon. The extent of the build- ings may be imagined by the size of his seraglio, which contained six thousand three hundred persons. This was his favourite abode. After the chase, to which twelve thousand horsemen always accompanied him, he used to rest in a pavilion in the gardens ; the pillars were of pure Avhite marble, the floor of gold and steel and jewelry, and in the midst there was a fountain of quicksilver. Yet Abdoulrahnian left a writing which contained this testimony against the vanity of the world. From the mo- ment when I began to reign, I have recorded those days in which I enjoyed real and undisturbed pleasure : they amount to four- teen. Mortal man, consider what this world is, and what depen- dance is to be placed upon its enjoyments! Nothing seems wanting to my happiness ; . . riches, honours, to say every thing, sovereign power. I am feared and esteemed by my contempo- rary princes, they envy my good fortune, they are jealous of INTRODUCTION. ^_- XXIX my glory, they solicit my friendship. Fifty years have I reigrred, and in so long a course of time can count but fourteen days which have not been poisoned by some vexation. c<.rrf«,„e,. The reign of his son Haccham was short and splendid and peaceful. He wanted to enlarge his palace at Zehra: the ground adjoining was the property of a poor M'oman, who would not for any price sell the inheritance of her fathers ; the work- men took possession by force, and she went to the Cadi Ibn Bechir with her complaint. Ibn Bechir took a larae sack, mounted his ass, and rode to the Caliph, whom he found sitting in a pavilion which had been built upon the place ; he pros- trated himself and asked permission to fill the sack with earth. Having obtained leave, he tilled it, and then requested the Prince would help him to lift it up upon the ass. Haccham attempt- ed, but fonnd it too heavy. Prince, then said the Cadi, this is but a small part of that land whereof you have wrongfully deprived one of your subjects ; . . how will you at the last judg- ment bear the burthen of the Avhole ! He restored the ground, and gave with it the buildings which had already been erected there. cardonnci. The Christians acquired strength during the disturbed reign of the second Haccham. A race of able kings succeeded Alfonso the Chaste. Ramiro, Ordono, and another Alfonso, called the Great: then came a feebler line, and the Christians were divided. New states were erected in Navarre, in Catalonia, and in Aragon : if these sometimes rivalled the Kings of Leon they were more dangerous to the Moors, and the conunon cause was strengthened. But the separation of Castille from Leon, was a dismemberment, an actual loss of strength. The bond of unity once broken, jealousies and wars followed, and the example was mischievous. Galicia was ambitious of becoming indepen- dant like Castille, and frequent rebellions were the consequence. 34D. XXX INTRODUCTION. Abdoulrahman profited little by these dissensions : his power was employed in gratifying a passion for splendour, for wiiich he is better remembered than he aaouM have been for a life of greater activity. His son made only one campaign. A sickly boy succeeded him. IMahommed, who was aj^pointed his guar- dian, was called after the manner of the Orientals, Alhagib, or the Eyelid ; he soon acquired and deserved the name of Alman- zor, the Victorious, by which he is remembered in history. The genius of this man well nigh proved fatal to the Spanish Chris- tians, weakened as they were by their own divisions. The Leonese looked on with unconcern or with satisfaction while he ravaged Castille, and the Castillians Avere consoled when Leon suffered in its turn. Two and fifty times did he lead his armies into their country, and return with their spoils. Such terror had he struck into them, that Bermudo retreated with the seat of oovernment from Leon back amons the mountains to Oviedo, the bodies of the Kings his predecessors were taken from their graves and removed, and the relicks of the Saints and ISIartyrs packed up for flight. This fear was not without cause. Alman- zor appeared before the Avails. Count Guillen Avas in the city, so far spent Avith sickness that he could not stand ; nevertheless Avhen he heard that the Moors had made a breach, he ordered his men to arm him and carry him in his bed to the place of danger. There he encouraged the Leonese, more by his pre- sence than by his Aveak efibrts ; but there he maintained the breach three days, and there, Avhen another quarter had been forced, he perished, SAVord in hand, in his bed. The conqueror carried his arais farther and ravaged Galicia. Santiago, the tutelary Saint of Spain, the God of their battles, could not defend his OAvn Church. Almanzor sent the great bells from Compostella to be his trophies, and hung them up as lamps in the Mosque of Cordova. During one of his expeditions, the INTRODUCTION. XXxi Christians took advantage of a fall of snoAV, and occupied the mountain passes to intercept his return. The Moor calmly pitched his camp in the \alley, and prepared to make it his dwelling place. He ploughed and sowed the ground, and so harrassed the country behind him, that the Christians offered him a price Borf- xim. . ^ Hist.Avai. for his commg harvest, and implored him to depart. ^i. They who could not triumph over him while Ha ing, insulted him with lying legends when he was no more. They asserted that the Saints whose churches he had profaned, struck him with his mortal sickness, and that Avhen he died the Devil was heard bewailing him along the banks of the Guadakjuivir. But the Moors wrote truly upon his monument, ^Vhat he was Cor.Gm.a. is seen in his actions ; such a Defender of Spain will not be ^'''"" "p^^ ^ ^ , Casiri. t, -2. found after him. p-*^. Yet the ascendanc}^ which Almanzor obtained by these tri- umphs eventually ruined the Spanish Moors. Their King had still the nominal authority ; Avhatever splendour his state required, and whatever luxuries could tend to amuse or effeminate him, were amply afforded him ; but he was actually a prisoner ; he never went beyond the precincts of the palace, and none except the governor's friends Avere admitted to see him. For a cha- racter thus helpless and enfeebled, the people could feel no respect ; and they repeatedly offered the throne to Almanzor ; he was satisfied with the substantial sovereignty which he enjoy- ed, nor could he be tempted by the wish of leaving a legitimate title to his son Abdalmelic, a man not unworthy of such a father. That son was supported during a short administration mm.Ann. by his own moderation and his father's fame. Ilis brother, who ''''^''"'''•'■ succeeded, had less talent and less virtue ; he usurped the royal title, abused his power, and Avas soon destroyed. Civil wars ensued ; the Spanish INIoors espoused the cause of one adven- turer, the Africans who had flocked to follow Almanzor's victo- 10. C.2. XXXll INTRODUCTION. Ties, fouoht for another ; the race of Abtlouh-ahn-.an was cut off, Mom. 1. 12. and his eniiMro Avas divided. Tlie petty tyrant of every town now ''^'' called himself King, and crimes and miseries multi])lied with the title. The lower the sceptre sunk, the more hands were stretched out to reach it. Ambition takes no warninsr from example. Hynieya, one of these wretches, asked the Cordovans to make him King, just as the last puppet had been murdered. They replied, Do you not see the tumidt4.ious state of the city ? Kod.rim. the populace will destroy you. Obev me to-day, said he, Hiit. At. ' ' ' " 1 f p"- and kill me to-morrow. Such was the drunken lust for power. I'lie Moors brought with them into Spain the causes of their own destruction, . . despotism and })olygamy ; consumptive prin- ciples, which suffered indeed the body to mature, but when the growing energy had ceased, innnediately began their morbid and mortal action. These causes produced their inevitable effects, the war of brother against brother, the revolt of towns and provinces, the breaking up of kingdoms. The S])aniards mean- time were free ; they were inferior in numbers, they were less civilized than their enemies, and their history is sullied by acts of worse barbarity ; . . but they were a Christian and a free peo- ple. The moral institutions of Christianity gave them a decided and increasing advantage. Even its corruptions were in their favour. Mahommed won his first victory by calling for an army of Angels, when his troops were giving way. He gallopped forward, and casting a handful of sand among the enemy, ex- claimed, Let their faces be covered with confusion! The Moslem believed that the armies of God obeyed his call, and in that faith they were victorious. The deliverers of Spain encouraged their followers by coarser frauds ; a hermit had promised them victory, . . or they had seen visions, . . or the Cross which was their banner, had appeared to them in the sky. The invention of a tutelary Saint to fight their battles, not metaphorically. INTRODUCTION. XXxiii but in person, was a bolder and more animating fiction. Ra- mii-o had fought a whole day long with the iMoors; he kept the field at night with a broken and dispirited army, who were compelled to abide the next morning's danger, because they were surrounded and could not fly. The King called them together, and told them that Santiago had appeared to him in a dream, and had promised to be Avith them in the bat- tle, visibly and bodily, on a white steed, bearing a white ban- ner with a red cross. The Leonese, who before this had lost all hope, began the attack, shouting God and Santiago. A knight led them on, riding a white steed, and bearing a white banner with a bloody cross. They utterly defeated the IMoors. A general tribute in bread and wine was granted to the Saint's church for ever, and a knight's portion from the spoils of every victory which the Christians should gain. This pious fraud was the resource of genius in distress ; but it had been preluded by deceit, and was systematized into a national mythology. The body of Santiago had been disco- vered under Ramiro's predecessor; his grandson Alfonso rebuilt the church of the Apostle with greater magnificence than the Christian Kings before him had ever displayed ; and its priest- hood exercised their ingenuity in inventing legends to the honour of their patron Saint, and to their own emolument. This they did so successfully that Compostella became the great point of European pilgrimage. The merit of this pilgrimage was enhanced by the difficulty and danger of the journey; the pil- grims soon became so numerous that parties of Moorish, and per- haps also of Christian banditti, associated to plunder them.. On the other hand, the Canons of St. Eloy erected guest-houses for their acconunodation along the road fiom France, and money and estates were often bequeathed to endow them by individuals and princes. After their example a few hidalgos ^^y^\y INTRODUCTION. Avho were equally devout and warlike, joined their property, and formed themselves into a religious brotherhood for the purpose of protecting the pilgrims. War never stops at defence- K.r,.n75. They soon found it their duty to attack the Misbelievers : and hence, about fourscore years after the death of the Cid, arose the order of Santiago, which was so long the scourge of the Mariana. -- ^ i. n.c. 12. Moors. A regular system of deceit practised by the priests for their own immediate interest, continually freshened and invigorated the enthusiasm of the people. To obtain the profits of a favour- ite altar, was the motive which influenced the inventor of a Martyr's body, or of an Image ; but Avhen Chapels were thus founded, cities sometimes grew. A shepherd told his fellows that he had followed a dove towards a rock, Avhither by her frequent flight, and turning back to him upon the wing, she seemed to invite him : there he had discovered a cavern and an image of the Virgin, at .whose feet the Dove remained undis- turbed, being conscious of divine protection. Such was the devotion of the people that a town was soon built there. St. Moret.^nn. Maria la Blanca was deserted by all its inhal)itants for this dewt. 1. YyQ\[QY place of residence, but the priests and people go yearly among its ruins to perform a service for the souls of their fore- fathers who are buried there. A pious Spaniard employed his life in improvingthe great road to Compostella, opening thickets and building bridges along the way. About twenty paces from his little hermitage he made his own tomb. The pilgrims gratitude did not cease when their benefactor died. His tomb became a place of popular devotion; a splendid church was at length erected over it, and that church is now the Cathedral of a City, which is called St. Domingo de la Calzada, after his mZ-VL.' ' name. A hermit, by name Juan, fixed his dwellino; on Mount 638. Uruela, not far from Jaca : he built a chapel on one of its INTRODUCTION. XXXV summits, and dedicated it to John the Baptist. Four other Monks joined him : the fame of their piety was bruited abroad, and their chapel became the chosen spot for the devotion of the Christians round about. When Juan died a areat muhitude assembled at his funeral ; six hundred hidalgos were among them ; they saw their numbers and the strength of the country ; the feeling which had brought them together excited them, they elected a leader, and founded the kingdom of ISa- vnrrf. Mariana. varre* i. g. c. i. The local deities whom their Pagan ancestors had worshipped were less numerous than the Saints who patronized the churches of the Spanish Christians. Every town, almost every village, had been hallowed by the death or burial of ISlartyrs, to whose wonder-working bodies the faithful were led sometimes by the song of Angels, more frequently by lights hovering over their holy graves. Above all, the Virgin Mother was lavish in her favours to Spain. Once, she descended in person upon a stone pillar, which she left behind her, and which is held at this day in as high veneration by thousands and tens of thousands ofCa- thohcks, as the black stone at Mecca is by the Mahommedans. Sometimes she sent her image down from Heaven. Sometimes a dove guided the chosen discoverer to the cavern where she had been hidden ; or the hunted beast who ran to her ruined altar was protected by her pity, or struck dead for his intrusion. In the number of her titles the deified Maiy exceeded the many-named Diana, as well as in the extent and effect of her Avorship. In perusing the attested history of any one of her images, the reader might think she had imparted to it all her power, did not the God- dess of the next great shrine afiord a catalogue of wonders, equally splendid, equally attested, and equally authentic. These miracles were easily managed in darkness, and amid the wilds and ruins of a desolated country. The clergy sometimes, in the confidence Xxxvi INTRODUCTION. of talent, ventured upon a more public and general exhibition. A.D.1063. Fernando tlie Great sent to Benabet King of Seville, requesting that he Mould let him have the body of St. Justa to remove to Leon. Three Counts and two Bishops were the ambas- sadors to beo- this boon. Benabet said he knew nothing about it, he had never heard of St. Justa, but they were very welcome to her body if they could find it. Upon this Alvito the Bishop of Leon said tliey would pray three days for a revelation. At the close of the third day Alvito fell asleep at his prayers, and there appeared to him in a dream an old man, who told him that St. Justa must not be removed. Seville was not to be deprived of a treasure reserved for its glory when it should again become a Christian city, . . but they might have his body instead. . . And who was he ? . . He was St. Isidore. Alvito hum- bly intreated him to be dreamt of twice more, that he might be sure this was not merely a dream ; and the dead Bishop gave the desired proof. At his last appearance he struck the ground thrice Avith his crosier, saying, You will find me here, here, here. In the morning three holes were seen in the ground, and upon digging there they discovered his body in full odour. sandomi.ff. Tlic couft aud clcrgy went out from Leon in procession to meet the relicks ; the King and his three sons bore the body bare- footed ; all the Monks and Clergy of the city were feasted upon the occasion, and Fernando and the Queen served them at the JetaSanct- board. orunt. ^p'-*- The zeal with which these patron Saints were worshipped was proportionate to the beneficial power which they possessed. They could preserve their own district from pestilence, and if for the sins of the people they sometimes suffered the Infidels to violate their sanctuaries, they never failed to punish the violation. In their beatitude they were still influenced by human feelings, by gratitude, and by national and local aflfec- INTRODUCTION. XXXvii tion. A Saint was the representative of his townsmen in Heaven, where he was supposed to receive their prayers, and exert all his influence in their behalf. The religious fervour of the Moors meanwhile was abatino;. Fanaticism in a few generations becomes bigotr}-. The belief which the first ISIahommedans had chosen was inherited by their children ; in the fathers it had the life and ardour of a new passion ; in the sons it was become habit, inveterate indeed, but cold. Tills process has been exemplified in every age, and by every sect. The Dominicans and Franciscans of the present day profess the same tenets Avhich their predecessors practised at the massacre and the auto da fe. There are analogies in nature ; the wolf has been tamed into the dog : and swine were once fonnidable in the forest. In the first years of the INIoorish conquest the Christians car- ried on a perpetual war against their invaders. Tliere was no alternative between hostilities and submission ; but during the anarchy which soon weakened the conquerors, their little king- dom acquired a respectable strength, and they could venture to rest from war when peace was convenient. A righteous national hatred was encouraged by their leaders, and this hatred was increased by religious contempt and abhorrence. Yet even these feelings readily gave way whenever either pviblicor individual interest required their sacrifice. A frequent intercourse neces- sarily subsisted between the two people ; discontented chiefs fled to a Moorish Court for protection, and the Christian princes, when at war Avith each other, scrupled not to invite Moorish assistance. It has even been said, that when the kingdom of Aragon was founded, and that compact established between the sovereign and the people M'hich the Aragoncze have struggled so nobly, but unsuccessfully to maintain, one of the privileges proposed to them was, that they might chuse either a Christian, c.T" ' XXXVIU INTRODUCTION. or a Mahommedan King, at jileasure; but they rejected it as a thing which ought not to be thought of. Still the Avar between the two nations Avas a war of extermina- tion. Peace was never named, never thought of as a thing possi- ble; but because perpetual liostilities would have destroyed both by famine, they made occasional truces by common consent, to recover streno;th for renewina; the contest: or the Aveaker poAver purchased a respite by paying tribute, till he believed himself strong enough to revolt. These intervals Avere short; the Spaniards could never long endure to be idle ; they had to recover the country of their fathers, an honourable and a holy object: and Avar also Avas the business, the amvisement, the passion of the age. It Avas in Avar that the chiefs found their sport and their spoil; tliat the King at once employed and gratified a turbulent nobility ; that the people indulged their Avorst passions, and believed that they Avere at the same time atonins: for their sins. And Avhat a Avarfare ! it Avas to burn the standing corn, to root up the vine and the oIIa'C, to hang the heads of their enemies from the saddle-boAV, and drive mothers and children before them Avith the lance ; to massacre the men of a toAvn in the fury of assault ; to select the chiefs that they rniolit be murdered in cold blood ; to reserve the Avomcn for violation, and the children for slavery ; . . and this Avarfare year after year, till they rested from mere exhaustion. The soldiers of Ferran Gonzalez complained that they led a life like Devils, like those in Hell, Avho rested neither dav nor nioht : Our Lord, said they, is like Satan, and Ave are like his servants, Avhose Avhole p!"3.^™4. delight is in separating soul from bod}'. The Spaniards on their part suffered retaliated cruelties, and the perpetual sense of danger. At one time Knights, Nobles, and Kings, never slept Co. f. 03. Avithout having the Avar-horse ready-saddled in the chamber. In the beginning of the eleventh centui'y, Navarre, Aragon, INTRODUCTION. XXxix and Castille, Avere united under Sancho the Great. But expe- rience had not taught the Christian Kings good policy, and when accident had joined the separate states, the possessor divided them at his death, desirous that his sons should all be Kincs, though thereby they inevitably became enemies. Sancho left Navarre to his eldest son Garcia, Aragon to his bastard son Ramiro, and Castille to Fernando; and these latter states, which had long been independant, now first received the appellation of , kingdom. eis. Sancho had compelled Bermudo the King of Leon to give his sister in nianiage to Fernando ; the King of Leon had no children, his sister was his heir, and the kingdom therefore would fall to her husband. Leon had long been declining; but when the territories of Sancho were divided at his death, Bermudo hoped to recover its old ascendency, and declared war ao^ainst his brother-in-law. Fernando called Garcia to his aid, and an obstinate battle was fought. Bermudo, who was a brave man confident in his own strength, and in that of his horse Pelay- uelo, rode into the Castilian army, meaning to eno-ao-e Fernando man to man ; he was slain in the attempt, and Fernando possessed himself of Leon by the double right of conquest and: inheritance. The elder brother regarded with impatience the division of his father's kingdoms. Fernando had excited some dispute respecting their boundary, and though no enmity was yet avowed, no fraternal affection existed. It happened that Garcia fell sick ; the Castilian went to visit him at Najara ; he discovered that his brother designed to imprison him, and extort a cession of terri- tory for his ransom, and he hastily departed, and then sent to excuse his departure on the plea of urgent business. He soon feigned sickness and requested Garcia to come and see him ; the Kmg of Navarre came,, and was immediately made prisoner: xl INTRODUCTION. by the help of money he eflfected liis escape, and open war fol- lowed. Garcia invited the Moors to his assistance, and entered Castille. The armies met about four leagues from Burgos, near Atapuerca. St. Inigo, the Abbot of Ona, endeavoured to per- suade Garcia to peace; the good old man was revered by him, and though his persuasions were vain, still continued in the camp, hoping he might yet succeed in his mediation. An old knight called Fortun Sanchez tried also to reconcile the brethren ; he was Garcia's foster-father, and had loved them both from infancy. When he found that his advice and entreaties were of no avail, knowing the danger of Garcia, and that he could not prevent it, the old man threw off his defensive armour, and with only his sword and spear, went foremost among the enemy to die, that he might not behold the over- throw and destruction of his foster-child. Before the battle began, two knights whom Garcia had unjustly stript of their possessions came to him, and demanded that he would redress their wrongs, and for the future respect their privileges. The demand was just, but Garcia gave no ear to it, perhaps provoked that it should be made like a menace in liis hour of need- They then renounced their allegiance, and went over to the Castillian army. The other knights who had joined with them in their remonstrance, did not indeed desert the King, but they served him without good will, and with- out exertion. There was a band of Leonese, who directed their efforts against him to revenge Bermudo ; the two knights whom Garcia had wronged, fought in their company, and one of them thrust him through Avith a lance. The wound was mortal. He died upon the field with his head between the Abbot's knees, the pious old man holding it, and pray- ing and weeping over him as he expired. A great stone If- 6- was set up as a monument, by the brook side where he INTRODUCTION. was si Mil. In consequence of this victory Fernando became the most po\verfuI of all the Kings of Spain, Moor or Chris- tian. It was in his days that the Cid began to distinguish himself. xli CONTENTS. BOOK r. St a. ' Tage I. How King Ferraitdo reigned in Cas- tille - - - I I [. Of the lineage of Rodiigo of Bivar t III. Of the strife between Count Gomez and Diego Laj/nez, and hocv Rod- ri-ro s/etc him - - -3 o IV. How Rodiigo took the Jive Moorish kings - - - 4 V. Hoiv Xiniena Gomez asked Rodrigo of the King in marriage - 5 VI. Huu) Rodrigo accepted her for his uife - - - 6 VII. How Rodrigo took his zcife home, and of the vow which he made 7 VIII. Of the dispute concerning Cala- horra - - - S IX. Of the charitif of Rodrigo towards the leper - - - ib. X. Of the combat which was fought for Calahurra - - - 1 1 XI. How the Counts plotted against Rodrigo - ' - 12 ^ll. How Rodrigo gained a great vic- tory over the Moors - - 14 Stct. ^ rag,, XIII. Of the taking of Fiseu - - 14 XIV. Of the taking of Lamego - ]6 XV. Of the siege of Coimbra - 17 X\ I. How Santiago appeared to the Greek Bishop - - 19 XVII. Of the grant made by the King to the monks of Lorvam - 20 XV [II. How Rodrigo wa^ knighted 22 XIX. Of the taking of Montemor - 23 XX. How Ruydiez was called the Cid 24 XXI. How the Emperor demanded tri- bute of Spain - . ib, XXII. Of the answer which the King sent - - - 25 XXIII. How the Cid defeated the Lord (f Savoy - - - 2(5 XXIV. How the Pope and the Emperor yielded their demand - 27 XXV^ How the King returned into his own land - - - 28 XXV^I. How the King divided his do- minions - - - ib. XXVII. How the Infante D. Sancho complained of the wrong which was done him - - 50 XXVIII. Of the death of the King ib. b CONTENTS. BOOK II. Sec«. Page I. How King Don Siimfio zcas wroth at the paitilioii of tlie kingdoms - S3 ir. How the Kings of Navarre and Ara- gon came against Castille - 34 III. How King Don Sancho defeated the King of Aragon - -55 IV. Of the beginning of the strife be- tween the brethren - - 37 V. IIozo King Don Sancho had a meet- int« XXIV. Mow the Cid took leave of his wife and duugliiers - - 104 XX V^. How the Cid left the kingdom of King Don Alfonm - 105 BOOK IV. I. How the Cid won the castle of Cas- trejon - _ _ II. Hozc the Cid sold his spoil to the Moors - - . III. How the Cid went against Alcocer IV. Of the taking of Alcocer - \ . How the King of J ulencia sent or- ders to take the Cid alive VI. How the Cid was besieged in Al- cocer - . . VII. How the Cid went out to give them battle \ III. Hozc Pero Bermudez cariifd the banner info the middte of the Moors - I X. Of the great victory won by the Cid 1 1 5 X. How the Cid sent a present to King Don Alfonso - -lift XI. Hozc Alvar Fanez presented the horses to the King - - 1 1 7 XII. How the Cid departed from Al- cocer - - - 1 13 XIII. How Uie Cid was received into 107 108 109 110 HI lis ib. - 11^ Zaiasfoza XIV. How ike Cid spoiled the country XV. How Don Ramon Berenauer came to take away his spoil from the Cid XVI. Of the great bounty of the Cid to- wards Don Ramon Beren- guer - . . 119 120 - 121 122 CONTENTS. 12o ib. 1'26 128 1G9 Sect. ^ f'S' XVII. ITorc the Cid K'on all the lands of Boiriaiin XV III. How the Cid dejhilcd King Ahemilfaiige and Don Ra- mon Bereiigaer ; and of the •rreal treason which was com- mitted at Rueda XIX. How the Cut took the Castle of Rueda - - XX. Hoic the Cid took King Don Pe- dro of AragOH prisoner XXI. How the Cid returned into Cas- til/e BOOK V. I. How the King of Badajoz would have taken Toledo - - 131 II. How Diego Rodriguez the son of the Cid teas slain - - 132 III. How King Don Alfonso went against Toledo - - 133 IV. Of the taking of Toledo - ib. V. How Yuhia went to sptf the state of Valencia - - - 134 VI. How Yuhia was received info Va- lencia - - - 133 VII. Of the tax which was raised for barley for the Christians - 137 YIII. How Yahia went agaimt Aben- mazot in Xativa - - 138 IX. How Abenalfange came to help Abenmazot - - 13U X. How Alvar Fanez plundered the count I y - - - 140 XI. Of the covenant which one of the sons of Abdalla Azis made with King Don Alfonso 142 Srct. Poje XII. How Alvar Fanez rvas called awayfom Valencia - - 143 XIII. How the Cid went to Zara- '' ff. 194. great honour. How Rodri- VI. When Rodrigo saw the letters of his Lord the King he \cTjorhis greatly rejoiced in them, and said to the messengers that he would wife* fulfil the King's pleasure, and go incontinently at his command. And he dight himself full gallantly and mcII, and took with him man}' knights, both his own and of his kindred and of his friends, and he took also many new arms, and came to Palencia to the King with two hundred of his peers in amis, in festival guise ; and the King went out to ineet him, and received him right well, and did him honour ; and at this were all the Counts displeased. And when the King thought it a fit season, he spake to him and said, that Doiia Ximeiia G omcz, the daughter of the Count whom he had slain, had come to ask him for her husband, and would for- give him her father's death ; Avherefore he besought him to think it good to take her to be his wife, in which case he would sliO\\^ him great favour. AVheii Rodrigo heard this it pleased him well, and he said to the King that he would do his bidding in this, and in all other things which he mioht command ; and the King thanked him much. And he sent for the Bishop of Palencia, and took their vows and made them plight " themselves each to the other ° This inaniage, with all its circumstances, has been doubted. The marriage settlement of the Cid to Ximena Diaz, daughter of his cousin Count Don Diego de Asturias, is extant among the arcliivcs at Burgos, and has been printed by Sandoval. This author however, who is sufficiently, and more than sufficient!}-, sceptical concerning the history of the Cid, admits that the marriage with RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 7 accordino- as the law directs. And when they were espoused the BOOK O ^ T Kino- did them great honour, and gave them many noble gifts, — ;^ and added toRodrio;o's lands more than he had till then possessed : and he loved him greatly in his heart, because he saw that he was obedient to his commands, and for all that he had heard him cap.' I Chr. Gen. say. i"''*- VII. So Rodrio-o departed from the king, and took his spouse H/i«" against King Don Ferrando, that he did not acknowledge his sovereignty, and pay him tribute like all other Kings ; and ha besouglit the Pope to admonish him so to do. And the Pope being a German, and the fiiend of Henry, sent to the King to admonish him, and told him that unless he obeyed he would proclaim a crusade against liim ; and in like manner the Em- peror, and the King of France, and the other Kings, sent to ex- hort him to obedience, defying him if he should refuse. When the Kins: saw their letters he was troubled, for he knew that if this thing were done, great evil would follow to Castille and Leon. And he took counsel with his honourable men. They seeing on the one hand the gi-eat power of the Church, and on the other the great evil that it would be if Castille and Leon RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 25 should be made tributary, knew not what counsel to give; BOOK howbeit at length they said to him that he should do the Pope's .^,-^!.^ bidding. At this council the Cid Avas not present, for he had lately completed his marriage with Dona Ximena Gomez, and was then with her; but at this time he arrived, and the King showed him the letters, and told hmi the matter how it then stood, and what had been the advice of his good men, and be- sought him to speak his advice, as a good and true vassal to his Lord. AVhen the Cid heard what had passed it grieved him to the heart, more for the counsel which had been given to the King, than because of the Pope's commands ; and he tvirned to the King and said. In an ill day, Sir, were you born in Spain, if it be in your time to be made tributary, which it never was before ; for all the honour which God hath given you, and what- ever good he hath done to you, is lost if it should be so. And, Sir, whoever hath given you this counsel is not a true man, neither one who regardeth 3'our honour nor your power. But send to defy them since they will have it so, and let us carry the war home to them. You shall take Avith you five thousand knights, all of whom are liidalgos, and the JMoorish Kings who are your vassals will give you two thousand knights ; and. Sir, you are such a one as God loves, and he will not that your honour should perish. And the King thought that he was Avell dpltt^"^' counselled by him, for the King was of a gi'eat heart. ff!202^"' XXII. Then the King ordered letters to be Avritten, in o/ the an- ■which he besought the Pope not to proceed farther against Ite'King'' him without just cause, for Spain had been conquered by those Avho dwelt therein, by the blood of them and of their fathers, and they had never been tributary, and never would be so, but •would rather all die. Moreover he sent his letters to the Em- peror and to the other Kings, telling them that they well knew the wrong wliich the Emperor did him, having no jurisdiction qq chronicle of the cid, BOOK over him, nor lawful claim; and he besought them to let him .^^.^^ alone that he might continue to wage war against the enemies of the faith ; but if the>' persisted to sjieak against him he then sent them back their friendship, and defied them, and Avhere they all were there would he go seek them. While this reply was on its way he gathered together his people, as he and the Cid had advised, and set forward with eight thousand and nine hundred knights, both of his own and of the Cid, and the Cid led the advanced guard. When they had passed the passes of Aspa they found that the country Avas up, and the people would not sell them food ; but the Cid set his hand to, to burn all the country before him, and plunder fi'om those who would not sell, but to those who brought food he did no wrong. And after such manner did he proceed, that wherever the King and his army arrived they found all things of which they could stand c,I)l.'aa. ' ' in need ; and the news went sounding throughout all the land, /."202."'" so that all men trembled. HowtheCid XXIII. Then Count Remon, Lord of Savoy, Avith the Lord of poAver of the King of France^ gathered together tAventy thou- sand knights and came beyond Tolosa, to hold the road against King Don Ferrando. And he met Avith his harbinger "" the Cid, Avho Avent before him to prepare lodgings, and they had a hard battle ; and the men of the Count Avere discomfited, and iSni'iij/. '" Aposentador. Harbinger is the corresponding word : an officer of the Prince's court, lliat allotteth the noblemen and tliose of the houshold tlieir lodgings in time of progress. Minshezc. Anthony Munday {Primahon, Part 1. p. 58.) speaks of the Founiers and Harbingers of the Emperor. The former of these terms is found in French, Spanish, Italianj Dutch, and German. Its etymology is doubtful, and it seems in England to have given place to a word of more obvious meaning, as Furriel has done in Spain. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. QTr lie himself made prisoner and many with him, and many were BOOK slain. And the Count besought the Cid of his mercy to set him ^^ tree, saying that he would give him a daughter he had, the which was right fair ; and the Cid did as he besought him, and the daughter was given to him, and he set the Count free. And by this woman King Don Ferrando had his son the Cardinal ^capif''' Ferrando, avIio was so honourable a man. ff!'io^'"' XXIV. After this the Cid had another battle with all the mwthe power of France, and discomfited them, and at neitlier of these l7EmperoT battles did the king and his main army arrive. So the news ^dmmd'!""^ went sounding before them to the council, of the fierceness of the Cid ; and as they all knew that he was the conqueror of battles, they knew not what to advise ; and they besought the Pope that he would send to them, begging them to turn back, and saying that they did not require tribute. These letters came to the King when he had past Tolosa, and he took coun- sel with the Cid and with his good men, and they advised that he should send two of his good men to the Pope, Avho should tell him to send a Cardinal with power to make a covenant, that this demand should never again be made upon Spain ; and that persons from the Emperor and from the other Kings also should come to ratify this, and meanwhile he would abide where he was. But if they did not come he would go on to them. Count Don Rodrigo, and Alvar Faiiez Minaya, and certain learned men, were sent with this bidding. And when they came to the Pope and gave him their letters, he Avas much dismayed, and he as- sembled the good and honourable men of the council, and asked of them what he should do- And they made ans\ver that he must do as the King willed him, for none was so hardy as to fight against the good fortune of his vassal the Cid. Then the Pope sent Master Roberto, the Cardinal of St. Sabina, with full powers, and the representatives of the Emperor and of the other 2g CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Kino's came also and sioned the covenant, that this demand ,^^^. sliould never again be made upon the King of" Spain. And the 2p't!^'''' writings which they made were confirmed by the Pope and by ^.'202.'"' the Emperor and the other Kings, and sealed with tlieir seals. How the XXV. While this Avas doing tlie King abode where he was, tu^fed'i„to beyond Tolosa ; six months did he abide there. And the Pope sent to ask of him the daughter of Count Remon ; and she was then five months gone with child ,; and by the advice of his vas- sal the Cid the King sent her, and sent to tell the Pope the whole truth, requesting that he would see she was taken care of; and the Pope ordered that she should be taken care of till the cA^ent should be. And she was delivered of the Abbot Don Ferrando ; the Pope Avas his godfather, and brought him up right honourably, and dispensed with his bastardry that he might hold any sacred dignity ; and in process of time he Avas made an honourable Cardinal. So the King^' returned Avith great ho- nom- into his OAvn land, and from that time he Avas called Don Ferrando the Great, the Emperor's Peer ; and it was said of him cap^il. ' in songs that he had passed the passes of Aspa in despite of the C/ir. Gen. -,-, , /. 203. ± renchmen. How the XXVI. Many other things did King Don Ferrando, AA^hich are edhisdomi- Avritten in the book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Spain, en- riching churches and monasteries, and honouring the saints and -' Bcrganza believes every thing in the history of this expedition, except the episode of the Lord of Savoy's daughter, which he attributes with good reason to the Jocalars. That FL-rraiido had no bastard son of that name, or that dignity, is cer- tain ; and to suppose, as the Chronicle does, that this son was old enough at the King's death to have his brethren confided to his care, is a manifest absurdity. Berganza guesses that there was such a Cardinal Abbot, but that he was the King's nephew ; this is a mere guess, for there is no other intimation of the existeuce of any such person than in this story, which is so evidently false in all its parts. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAE. 2^ mart\T5, and making war upon the misbelievers. And it came BOOK to pass when he was Avaxed old, that as he was one day sa^dng s^^,^ his pravers, the confessor St. Isidro appeared unto him, and told hi n the day and hour when he should die, to the intent that he might make ready and confess his sins, and make atonement for them, and take thought for his soul, that so he might appear clean from oftence before the face of God. From that day he, being certain that his end was at hand, began to discharge his soul. And he devised A\dthin himself how to dispose of the kingdoms Avhich God had given him, that there might be no contention between his sons after his death ; and he thought it best to divide his lands among them ; but this which he thought best proved to be the worst, and great evil came thereof, for better had it been that he had left all to the eldest. Howbeit it Avas his pleasure to divide them : he had three sons, Don Sancho Avho Avas the eldest, and Don Alfonso avIio Avas the second born, and Don Garcia avIio Avas the youngest ; and two daugh- ters. Dona Urraca and Dona Elvira. The mamier in Avhich he divided his lands Avas this : he g-aA^e to Don Sancho the kingdom of Castille as far as to the riA^er Pisuerga, on the side of Leon, Avith the border ^% Avhich included the dioceses of Osma, and Segovia, and Avila, and on the side of Navarre as far as the Ebro, as he had Avon it from his nephew Don Sancho Garcia, Kino- of Navarre. To Don Alfonso he gave the kingdom of Leon, and in Aslurias as far as the river Deva, Avhich runs by Oviedo, and part of Campos as far as Carrion and the river " Estremadura is the word wliicli I have rendered Border. It is now the name of two provinces, one in Spain, the other in Portugal. Border was its original meaning, as the word implies; and the country designated by that name varied as the Christians extended their conquests. 50 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Pisuersa, with the border, Avhich contained the dioceses of ^J;^ Zamora, Salamanca, and Ciudad Rodiigo, and the city of Astoro-a, and other lands in Galicia, with the toAvn of Zebreros. To Don Garcia he gave the kingdom of Galicia, and all the lands which he had won in Portugal, with the title of King of Galicia, which country had had no King of its OAvn since the kingdom of Z'p^tf^'^' the Suevi had been overthrown by King Leovegildo. And to ff!'2o^!"' Dona Urraca he gave the city of Zamora with all its dependencies, ff^fi!" ' and with half the Infantazgo ; and the other half, with the city lu.Tg. of Toro and its dependencies, to Dona Elvira. How the XXVII. When the Infante Don Sancho knew that the King sanchlcoin- his fatlicr had made this allotment it displeased him, for he was plained of •ii.r*! ii -i ii the wroug the eldest son ; and he said to his father that he neither could tvhich was done him. jjqj. ouglit to makc this division ; for the Gothic Kings had in old time made a constitution for themselves, that the kingdom and empire of Spain never should be divided, but remain one dominion under one Lord. But the King replied that he would not for this forbear to do as he had resolved, for he had Avon the kingdom : then the Infante made answer. Do as you will, being my father and Lord ; but I do not consent unto it. So the King made this division against the right of the Infante Don Sancho, and it displeased many in the kingdom, and many it clack Book of Santiago sj^eaketh, saying, that in a.d.io6j. this year, on the day of the Conversion of St. Paul, was the great slaughter of the Christians in Porca. In all these wars did my Cid demean himself after his wonted manner ; and because of the cup.sA. ' ' .great feats which he performed the King loved him well, and /.Io6.™' made him his Alferez ; so that in the whole army he was second /. 22. ' only to the King. And because Avhen the host Avas in the field RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. • ^j it was his office to chuse the place for encampment, therefore BOOK M'as my Cid called the Campeador ^. v^^A-' IV. AVliile King Don Sancho was busied in these wars, o/ the be- Kin, BOOK Castillians rejoiced greatly at the King's deliverance: and King >.,,„.^^ Don Sancho Avent to Burgos, and took with him his brother A.D.1072. prisoner. jiow King XVIII. Great was the lov^e which the Infanta Dona Unaca jied to the bore to her brother King Don Alfonso, and when she heard that he was made prisoner, she feared least he should be put to death : and she took Avith her the Count Don Peransures, and went to Burgos. And they spake with the Cid, and besought him that he would join with them and intercede with the King that he should release his brother from prison, and let him become a Monk at Sahagun. Full willing was the Cid to serve in any thing the Infanta Dona Urraca, and he went Avith her before the King. And she knelt down before the King her brother, and besought mercy for Don Alfonso, his brother and hers.. And the King took her by the hand and raised her from her knees, and made her sit beside him, and said unto her, Now then, my sister, say what you would have. And she besought him that he Avould let their brother Don Alfonso take the habit of St. Benedict, in the royal Monastery of Sahagun, and m}^ Cid, and Count Peransures and the other chief persons who were there present, besought him in like manner. And the King took my Cid aside, and asked counsel of him what he should do ; and the Cid said, that if Don Alfonso were willing to become a Monk, he would do well to set him free upon that condition^ and he besought him so to do. Then King Don Sancho,. at my Cid's request, granted to Dona Urraca what she had asked. And he released King Don Alfonso from prison, and Doa Alfonso became a Monk in the Monastery at Sahagun, more by force than of free will. And being in the Monastery he spake with Don Peransures, and took counsel with him, and fap^it^*^' fled away by night from the Monks, and went among the Moors f.'^u'"' to King Alimayraon of Toledo. And the Moorish King wck RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 53 corned liiin with a good will, and did oreat honour to liini, and BOOK gave him great possessions and many gifts. v-i-v-*-' XIX. When Dona Urraca knew that her brother King Don ofthe friendship Alfonso had fled to Toledo, she sent to him three good men ^-hich ah- piaymon of the kingdom of Leon, that thev should be his counsellors, '^^'^'i^'" ~ ' ' King Don for she loved him well. These were Don Pero Ansures, and ^^i''"""- Don Ferran Ansures, and Don Gonzalo Ansures, all three brethren : and they went wdtli King Don Sancho's permission, for it was God's pleasure. Now Alimaymon rejoiced in the King Don Alfonso, and loved liim as if he had been his own son. And Don Alfonso made a covenant with him to love him and defend him and serve him alway, so long as he should remain with him, and not to depart from him without his leave ; and the King covenanted on his side to love liira and honour him, and defend him to the utmost of his power. And Ali- maymon ordered fair palaces to be edified for him, by the wall of the Alcazar, on the outer part, that the Moors of the city might do no displeasure neither to him nor to his companions : and they were hard by a garden of the King's, that he might go out and disport himself therein whensoever it pleased him. And for these things King Don Alfonso loved to ser\'e King Alimaymon. Nevertheless when he saw the great honour of the King of Toledo, and how powerful he was, and that he was the Lord of so great chivalry, and of the noblest city which had be- longed unto the Gothic Kings, from whom he himself was descended, it grieved him in liis heart to see that city in the hand of the Moora : and he said within his heart, Lord God and Father Jesus Christ, it is wholly in thy power to give and to take away, and right it is that tliy will should be done, even as thou hast done it to me, to Avhom thou gavest a kingdom, and it was thy will to take it away from me, and thou hast made me come hither to sene the enemies who were at the serAdce of the 54 CHRONICLE or THE CID, BOOK King my father. Lord, I put my hope in thee that thou wilt K^,^ deUver me from this servitude, and give me a land and kingdom to command, and that thou wilt show unto me such favour that this land and this city shall by me be won, that thy holy body may be sacrificed in it to the honour of Christendom. This prayer he made with great devotion and with many tears ; and the Lord God heard him, as hereafter you shall hear in this history. In those days King Alimaymon was at Avar Avith other Moorish Kings his enemies, and King Don Alfonso fought against them on his side, and did such good serAuce that he quelled their poAver, and they durst no longer offend him. And in time of peace Don Alfonso and his companions Avent foAvling along the banks of the Tagus, for in those days there AA^as much game there, and venison of all kinds ; and they killed A^enison anions; the mountains. And as he Avas thus sporting he came to a place Avhich is noAV called Brihuega, and it pleased him Avell, for it Avas a fair place to dAvell in, and abounded Avith game, and there Avas a dismantled castle there, and he thought that he Avould ask the King for this place. And he returned to Toledo and asked it of the King, and King Alimaymon gave it him, and he placed tlwre his huntsmen and his foAvlers Avho Avere Christians, and fortified the place as his OAvn. And the lineage of these people continued there till Don Chr.delCid. . '='. , cnp.48.49. Juan, the third archbishop of Toledo, enlarged it, and peopled i' '•'"• the parish of St. Pedro. t-j^-j . ofoietoik XX. It came to pass after this that both the Kinsfs one Moors hcu, tlay came out of Toledo, and past over the brido;e of Alcantara, inwnat man- ' ^ C7 ' and Avent into the royal garden to disport themselves therein and take their pleasure. And at evening Don Alfonso lay doAvn upon a bed to sleep, and King Alimaymon fell in talk with his favourites concerning his city of Toledo, hoAV strong it was and hoAv Avell provided Avith all things, and that he feared heithei' inwhatman Iter Toledo could be taken. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 55 war of Moor nor Christian against it; and he asked them if it BOOK II could by any means be lost in war. Then one of them answered s^v->-^ and said, Sir, if you would not hold it ill, I would tell you how it might be lost, and by no other manner in the world could it be so. And the King bade him say on. And the favourite then said. If this city were beset for seven years, and the bread and the wine and the fi-uits should be cut down j^ear by year, it would be lost for lack of food. All this Kinsj Don Alfonso heard, for he was not sleeping, and he took good heed of it. Now the IMoors knew not that he was lying there. And when they had thus spoken Alimaymon arose to Avalk in the palace, and he saw King Don Alfonso 13'ing there as if he Avere sleeping : and it troubled him, and he said to his favourites, We did not lieed Alfonso Avho is lying there, and has heard all that Ave have said. And the favourites made answer. Kill him. Sir, But the King said, Hoav shall I go against my true promise ? moreoA'er he sleepeth, and peradvcnture hath heard nothing. And they said to him. Would you knoAV Avhether or not he sleepeth.^ and he ansAvered, Yea: and they said. Go then and Avake him, and if he have drivelled he hath slept, but if not he hath been aAvake and hath heard us. Then King Don Alfonso immediately Avetted the pilloAV% and feigned himself hard to be aAvakened, , . ,. 1111 Chr.ddCid. so that Amna^'mon thought he slept. ^p. 50. » Garibay relates with due discredit an old story, in which Alfonso is put to a more painful proof. To try whether he is really asleep they propose to pour melted lead upon his hand ; he resolutely lets the proof be made,, and his hand is- burnt through, from whence, it is added, he was called El dela mano oradada, — he i; of the pierced hand. But this appellation was in reality given him for his liberal- J| ity, como oy diu dezimos maniroto, a /os que mucho gastati, como lo nolo bien Atcocer sobre el memo jpunto. L. 11. C. 12. The Chronica General has neither of these stories. 5Q CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK XXI. And when the Easter of the Sheep" was come, which ^Jl^:^ the Moors celebrate, the King of Toledo went out of the city l^ymlU'tnok to kill thc shccp at the place accustomed, as he was wont to do, 7,'TgVon'" and King Don Alfonso went with him. Now Don Alfonso was jifomo. ^ goodly personage and of fair demeanour, so that the Moors liked him welL And as he was going by the side of the King, two honourable Moors followed them, and the one said unto the other, IIoAV fair a knight is this Christian, and of what good customs ! well doth he deserve to be the lord of some great land. And the other made answer, I dreamed a dream last night, that this Alfonso entered the city riding upon a huge boar, and many swine after him, who rooted up all Toledo with their snouts, and even the Mosques therein : Certes, he will one day become King of Toledo. And while they Avere thus comnmning every hair upon King Don Alfonso's head stood up erect, and Alimaymon laid his hand upon them to press them ilown, but so soon as his hand was taken off they rose again ; and the two Moors held it ^The Bairem of the Turks. " This festival conslsteth of four days succes- sively, days of satisfaction, rejoicing, and content, wherein both soul and body are exhiiiraled. The sacrifice must be of a creature lawfully to be eaten, elected from the drove or flock of those who have them, or purchased by those who have none of their own; and it ought to be in good case, sound and healthy, and the ceremony performed at the hour of Adoah, (in the forenoon, when the sun is half way advanced towards the meridian) the feet of the victim fast tied, the head to the Keb/a, and when thc weapon passeth over the creature's throat, BismUlah Allahii Akl)ur must be pronounced aloud. If possible this ought to be performed in a clear unpolluted place, rather in private than otherwise, and accompanied with fumigations of odoriferous drugs. This must be constantly observed once a year on this day, and every ^Jussulman must then sacrifice a sheep if he is able, or if not, that which he can most conveniently procure ; for God receiveth and accepteth of ofterings according to the intention with which they are rendered bj the offerer." Morgans Makomelisin Etplained, Vol. 2. P. 188. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 57 for a great token, and spake Avith each other concerning it, and BOOK one of King Ahmaymon's favourites heard all which they said, v^^ And after the sheep had been sacrificed they returned into the city, and the favourite told the King what he had heard the two I^Ioors say ; and the King sent for them fortlnvith, and questioned them, and they repeated to him what they had said, even as ye have heard. And King Alimaymon said unto them, What then shall I do? and they made answer, that he should put Don Al- fonso to death ; but the King replied, that this he w^ould not do, nor go against the true promise Avhich he had given him, but that he would so deal that no evil should ever come towards him- self from Alfonso. So he sent for Don Alfonso and bade him swear that he would never come against him, nor against his sons, and that no evil should come against them from liim ; and King Don Alfonso did as Alimaymon required, and did him homage to this effect. And tlienceforth was the King of Toledo more secure of him, and held him even in greater tkvour than before. All this while did Kins; Don Alfonso govern himself by the advice cap.ii. 1 • 1 1 • 1- 1 1 II CAr. Gen.- ' of Count Peransures, who alway advised hun discreetly and well. # ^u. XXII. But when King Don Sancho heard hoAv his brother How King had fled from the INlonastery, he drew out his host and crouned *^ himselj King, went ao-ainst the city of Leon. The Leonese would fain c/;"'^"'««' ^ ^ kingdoms* , have maintained the city against him, but they could not, and he took the city of Leon, and all the towns and castles which had been under the dominion of his brother King Don Alfonso. And then he put the crown upon his head, and called himself King of the three kingdoms. He was a fair knight and of mar- vellous courase, so that both Moors and Christians were dis~ mayed at what they saw him do, for they saw that nothing Avhich he Avilled to take by force could stand against him. And when the Infanta Doiia Urraca, and the men of Zamora, saw that he had quiet possession of both his brothers kingdoms, they feared I 58 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK that he avouIcI come against them and disherit his sister also. ^^J^^ And for this reason they took Don Arias Gonzalo to be their chief captain, Dona Urraca's foster-father, that by his means they might protect themsehes, if need should be. And it came to pass as they had feared, for King Don Sancho knew that his sisters greatly loved Don Alfonso, and he thought that by their counsel he had tied from the Monastery, especially by Dona Ur- raca's, because Don Alfonso guided himself in all things by her counsel, holding her in place of a mother, for she was a lady of great understanding. And he went forth with liis arm}', and took from the Infanta Dona Elvira the half of the Infantazgo which she possessed, and also from Dona UiTaca the other half. And he went against Toro, the city of Doiia Elvira, and took it ; and then he went to Zamora to Dona Urraca, bidding her yield him up the city, and saying that he Avould give her lands as much as she required in the plain country. But she returned for an- swer, that she would in no manner yield unto him that Avhich the King her father had given her ; and she besought him that f^iiQ^"' he would suffer her to continue to dwell peaceably therein, saying ca;;?52. i3." that uo disscrvicc should ever be done against him on her part. How King XXIII. Then King Don Sancho went to Burgos, because it ucut againlt was uot thc scasou for besieging a toAvn, being winter. And he sent his letters through all the land, calling upon his vassals to assemble together upon the first day of March in Sahagun, up- on pain of forfeiting his favour. Now though the King M'as yet but a young man, M'hose beard was but just coming, he was of so great courage that the people feared him, and dared not do otherwise than as he commanded. And they assembled toge- ther in Sahagun on the day appointed; and when the King heard in what readiness they were, it gladdened him, and he lifted up his hands to God and said, Blessed be thy name, O Lord, because thou hast given me all the kingdoms of my father. RODRTGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 59 And when he had said this he ordered proclamation to be made BOOK through the streets of Burgos, that all should go forth to protect ^.^^ the host and the body of the King their Lord. And the day in which they left Burgos they took up their lodging at Fromesta ; and the next day they came to Camon, but the King would not lodge there, and he went on to Sahagun, Avhere the army awaited him, and took up his lodging without the town ; and on the following morning he bade the host advance, and they made such speed that in three dajs they arrived before Zaniora, and pitched their tents upon the banks of the Douro; and he ordered proclamation to be made throughout the host that no harm should be done until he had commanded it. And he mounted on horseback Avith his hidalsros and rode round the town, and beheld how strongly it was situated upon a rock, with strong Avails, and many and strong tOAvers, and the river Douro running at the foot thereof; and he said unto his knights. Ye see how strong it is, neither Moor nor Christian can prevail against it ; if I could have it from my sister either for money or exchange, ^'''jif^"* I should be Lord of Spain.. cay.' si. 54^ XXIV. Then the King returned to his tents, and incon- snire which tinently he sent for the Cid, and said unto liim, Cid, you \heKingsent Avell knoAv how manifoldly you are bound unto me, both raca. by nature, and by reason of the breeding Avhich the King my father gave you ; and Avhen he died he commended you to me, and I haAC e\er shoAvn favour unto you, and you have ever served me as the ioyalest vassal that ever did service to his Lord ; and I have for your good deserts given unto you more than there is in a great county, and have made you the chief of all my household. Noav therefore I beseech you as my friend and true vassal, that you go to Zamora to my sister Dona L^rraca, and say unto her again, that I beseech her to give me the town either for QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK a price, or in exchange, and I will give to her IMedina de v^^^ ]{io-sec(), with the whole Infantazgo, from A'illalpando to \ ailadolid, and Tiedra also, which is a good Castle ; and I Avill swear unto her, with twelve knights of my vassals, never to break this covenant between us ; but if she I'cfuseth to do this I will take away the town from her by force. And my Cid kissed the hand of the King and said unto him. This bidding, Sir, should be for other messenger, for it is a heavy thing for me to deliver it ; for I Avas brought up in Zamora by your father's command, in the house of Don Arias Gonzalo, with Doiia Urraca and with his sons, and it is not fitting that I should be the bearer of such biddins;. And the King persisted in requiring of him that he should go, insomuch that he was constrained to obey his will. And he took with him fifteen of his knights and rode towards Zamora, and Avhcn he drew nigh. he called unto those who kept guard in the towers not to shoot their arrows at him, for he was Ruydiez of Bivar, who came to Doiia Urraca with the bidding of her brother King J3on Sanclio. AVith that there came down a knight Avho was nepliew to Arias Gonzalo, and had the keeping of the gate, and he bade the Cid enter, saying that he would order him to be Avell lodo-ed while he went to Dona Urraca to know if she A\-ould be pleased to sec him. So the Cid Avent in, and the knight went to the Infanta, and told her that Ruydiez of Bivar was come Avith a message from King 'Don Sancho; and it pleased her avcII that he should be the messenger, and she bade him come before her that she might knoAV Avhat Avas his bid- ding ; and she sent Arias Gonzalo and the other knights of her party to meet him and accompany him. And Avhen the Cid entered tlie palace Dona Urraca advanced to meet him, and oTcetcd him full Avell, and they seated themselves both Kptm the Estrado. And Dona Urraca said unto him, Cid, you RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gj well know that vou were brouoht up Avith me here in Zamora, in BOO K the house of Don Arias Gonzalo, and ^A'hen my father Avas at .^.^^-^^ the point of death he charged you that you should alway coun- sel his sons the best you could. Now therefore tell me I beseech \ou A\hat is it which my brother goes about to do, now that he has called up all Spain in amis, and to what lands lie thinks to 2.0, whether against ISIoors or Christians. Then the Cid answered and said. Lady, to messenger and a letter no wrong should be done ; give me safe assurance and I will tell unto you that which the King your brother hath sent me to say. And she said she would do as Don Arias Gonzalo should advise her. And Don Arias answered that it was well to hear what the King her brother had sent to say: Peradventure, said he, he goeth against the Moors, and requires aid of you, which it would be right to give ; and for such service I and my sons would go with lum, and 1 would give fifteen of my people well mounted and armed, and supply tlicni Avith food for ten years, if he needed them. Dona L rraca then said to the Cid, that he might speak his bidding safely- Tlien said my Cid, the King your brother sends to greet you, and beseeches you to give him this toAvn of Zamora, either for a price or in exchange; and he Avill give to you jMcdina dc Rio-seco, Avith the Avhole Infantazgo, from Mllal[)ando to A'alladolid, and the good castle of Tiedra, and he Avill SAvear unto you, with twelve knights his vassals, never to do 3'ou hurt or harm ; but if you Avill not give him the toAvn, he / 313"'" .,, , . . .,, Chr.delCid. Avill take it aganist your aviII. «;;. 55. XXV. AA hen Doiia Urraca heard this she Avas sorely grieved, ofthecoun- and in her great sorroAv she lamented aloud, saving. Wretch that urmcMd, 1 am, many are the evil messages avIucIi 1 have heard since my swerwhick father's death! He hath disherited my brother King Don Garcia of his kingdom, and taken liim, and noAV holds him in irons as if he Avere a thief or a Moor : and he hath taken his lands from 62 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK my brother King Don Alfonso, and forced him to go among the v^,^^ Moors, and hve there exiled, as if he had been a traitor ; and Avould let none go Avith him except Don Peransnres and his brethren, whom I sent : and he hath taken her lands from my sister Dona Elvira against her will, and now would he take Zamora from me also ! Noav then let the earth open and swallow me, that I may not see so many troubles ! And with that, iu her strong anger against her brother King Don Sancho, she said, I am a woman, and well know that I cannot strive with him m battle; but I Avill have him slain either secretly or openly. Then Don Arias Gonzalo stood up and said. Lady Dona Ur- raca, in thus complaining and making lamentation you do inconsiderately ; for in time of trouble it befits us to take thought of Avhat best is to be done, and so must we do. Now then, Lady, give order that all the men of Zamora assemble in St. Salvador's and know of them whether they will hold Avith you, seeing that your father gave them to you to be your vassals. And if they will hold Avith you, then give not you up the tOAvn, neither for a price, nor in exchange ; but if they Avill not, let us then go to Toledo among the Moors, Avhere your brother King Don Alfonso abideth. And she did as her foster-father had ad- vised, and it Avas proclaimed through the streets that the men of Zamora should meet in council at St. Salvador's. And Avhen they Avere all assembled, Doiia Urraca arose and said, Friends and vassals, ye have s6en how my brother King Don Sancho hath disherited all his brethren, against the oath Avhich he made to tlie King my father, and noAv he Avould disherit me also. He hath sent to bid me give hmi Zamora, either for a price or in ex- change. NoAV concerning this I Avould knoAv Avhereunto ye advise me, and if you Avill hold Avith me as good vassals and true, for he saith that he Avill take it fi'om me Avhether I will or no ; but if ye Avill keep my career I think to defend it by RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 53 God's mercy and with your help. Then by command of the BOOK council there rose up a knight who was called Don Nuno, a .^,,^^J^ mail of worth, aged, and of fair speech ; and he said, God re- ward you, Lady, this favour which you have shewn us in thinking good to come to our council, for Ave are your vassals, and should do what you command. And we beseech you give not up Zamora, neither for price nor for exchange, for he who besieges you upon the rock would soon drWe you from the plain. The council of Zamora wih do your bidding, and Avill not desert you neither for trouble nor for danger which may befall them, even unto death. Sooner, Lady, will Ave expend all our possessions, and eat our mules and horees, yea sooner feed upon our children and our wives, than give up Zamora, unless by your command. And they all with one accord confirmed Avhat Don Nuno had said. When the Infanta Dona Urraca heard this she Avas Avell pleased, and praised them greatly ; and she turned to the Cid and said unto him. You Avere bred up Avith me in this toAvn of Zamora, Avhere Don Arias Gonzalo fostered you by command of the King my father, and through your help it Avas that the King my father gave it unto me to be my inheritance. I beseech you help me noAV against my brother, and intreat him that he Avill not seek to disherit me ; but if he Avill go on Avitli Avhat he hath begun, say to him that I Avill rather die Avith the men of Zamora, and they Avith me, than gi\'e him up the toAvn, either for price or exchange. And Avith this ansAver did the Cid return unto the f. 213. King. ™^ 56- XX VL When King Don Sancho heard Avhat the Cid said, How the his ano;er kindled ao;ainst him, and he said. You have given this wmhwith counsel to my sister because you Avere bred up Avith her. And my Cid answered and said. Faithfully have I discharged your bidding, and as a true vassal. HoAvbeit, O King, I Avill not bear arms against the Infanta 3'our sister, nor against Zamora, because g4 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK of the days Avliich are past '; — and I beseech you do not persist .^J.^:^ in doing tliis wrong. But then King ])c>n Sancho was more greatly incensed, and he said unto liim, If it were not that my father left you commended to m.c, I would order you this instant to be hanaed. But for this which you have said I command you to quit my kingdom within nine days. And the Cid went to his tent in anger, and called for his kinsmen and his friends, and bade them make ready on the instant to depart with him. And he set forth with all the knights and esquires of his table, and with all their retainers horse and foot, twelve hundred per- sons, all men of approved Avorth, a goodly company ; — and they took the road to Toledo, meaning to join King Don Alfonso among the Moors. And that night they slept at Castro Nuno. But when the Counts and Ricos-omes, and the other good men of the host saw this, they understood the great evil and disservice which might arise to the King, and to the land, from the departure of the Cid, who went away in wrath. iVnd they went to the King and said unto him, Sir, wherefore would you lose so good a vassal, who has done you such great service ? If he should go unto your brother Don Alfonso among the Moors, he Avould not let you besiege this city thus in peace. And the King- perceived that they spake rightly, and he called for Don Diego Ordonez, the son of Count Don Bermudo, who was the son of the Infante Don Ordoiio of Leon, and bade him follow the Cid, and beseech him in his name to return ; and whatever covenant he ' I have ventured to insert in this place the declaration of tlie Cid that he woukl not bear arms against Zamora, which is nowhere to bo found, neither ir» the Chronicles nor Ballads, though referred to by some, and implied in all. This seemed the fittest place, as it would account for the violence of King Sancho's resentment, which would hardly have been so excited by the failure of his embassy, or a mere suspicion that the Cid had not faithfully discharged it. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. g5 should make it should be confirmed unto him; and of this he BOOK ordered his letters of credence to be made out. And Don Diego v^ry^ Ordonez Avent to horse, and rode after the Cid, and overtook him between Castro Nuno and Medina del Campo. And Avhen it was told vmto the Cid that Don Dieo-o Ordonez was comino- he turned to meet him, and greeted him well, and asked him wherefore he was come. And he delivered the King's bidding, and showed unto him his letters of credence, and said unto him that the King besought liim not to bear in mind the words which he had spoken unto him, being in anger. Then the Cid called together his kinsmen and friends, and asked them what they should do. And they counselled him that he should return ta the King, for it was better to remain in his land and serve God, than to go among the ISIoors. And he held their counsel good, and called for Don Diego, and said unto him that he would do the will of the King : and Don Diego sent to the King to tell him how he had sped. And when the Cid drew nigh unto the host, the King went out with five hundred knights to meet him, and received him gladly, and did him great honour. And the Cid kissed his hand and asked him if he confirmed what Don Diego had said ; and the King confirmed it before all the knights Avho were there present, promising to give him great possessions. And when they came to the army great Avas the joy because of the Cid's return, and great Avere the rejoicino-s Avhich AA'ere made : but as great Avas the sorroAV in Zamora, for they Avho were in the toAvn held thatihe siege Avas broken up by his depar- ture. NcA^ertheless my Cid Avould not bear arms against the ^"at'"''" Infanta, nor against the toAvn of Zamora, because of the days ^^2,f"* which Avere past. cup^t?^''^' XXVII. And the King ordered proclamation to be made iJowDona throughout the host that the people should make ready to at- ■thXa" tack the toAvn And they fought against it three days and three ^"«'''-"'* K (5(3 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK nights so bravely that all the ditches were filled up, and the bar- TI " y,,^^ bicans thrown down, and they Avho were within fought sword in hand Avith those Avithout, and the waters of the Douro, as they past below the town, Avere all discoloured Avith blood. And Avlien Count Don Garcia de Cabra saAV the great loss Avhich they Avere suffering, it grieved him ; and he Avent unto the King and told him that many men Avere slain, and advised him to call off the host that they should no longer fight against the toAvn, but hold it besieged, for by famine it might soon be taken. Then the King ordered them to draAV back, and he sent to each camp to know Iioav many men had died in the attack, and the number Avas found to be a thousand and thirty. And Avhen the King knew this he Avas greatly troubled for the great loss Avliich he had receiA^ed, and he ordered the toAvn to be be- leagered round about, and in tliis manner he begirt it, that none could enter into it, neither go out therefrom; and there AAas a great famine Avithin the toAvn. And Avhen Don Arias Gonzalo saAV the misery, and the hunger, and the mortality Avhicli Avere there, he said to the Infanta Dona Urraca, You see. Lady, the great Avretchedncss Avhich the people of Zamora have suft'ercd, and do every day suffer to maintain their loyalty ; noAV then call together the Comicil, and thank them truly for Avliat they have done for you, and bid them giA'e up the toAvn Avithin nine days to the King your brother. And Ave, Lady, Avill go to Toledo to your brother King Don Alfonso, for Ave cannot de- fend Zamora; King Don Sancho is of so great heart and so resolute, that he Avill never break up the siege, and I do not hold it good that you should abide here longer. And Dona L^iTaca gave orders that the good men of Zamora should meet toge- ther in Council; and she said unto them, Friends, ye Avell see the resoluteness of King Don Sancho my brother; and already have ye suffered much evil and much Avretchedness for doing RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. QJ right and loyally, losing kinsmen and friends in my service. Ye BOO K have done enough, and I do not hold it good that ye should .^^ perish; I command ye therefore give up the town to him within nine days, and I will go to Toledo to my brother Kino- Don Alfonso. The men of Zamora when they heard this had o-reat sorrow, because they had endured the siege so long, and must now oive up the town at last ; and they deteraimed cap. ss. 59. ^ -*■ Chr. Cren, all to go with the Infanta, and not remain in the town. ff- 214- XXVIII. When Vellido Dolfos * heard this, he went to Dona How niuo Doljojled Urraca and said, T,ady, I came here to Zamora to do you ser-""^^"": vice Avith thirty knights, all well accoutred, as you know ; and I have served you long time, and never have I had fi'om you guerdon for my service, though I have demanded it : but now if you Avill grant my demand I Avill relieve Zamora, and make King Don Sancho break up the siege. Then said Doiia Urraca, Vellido, I shall repeat to thee the saying of the wise man, A man bargains well Avith the slothful and with him Avho is in need ; and thus you would deal with me. I do not bid thee commit any evil thing, if such thou hast in thy thought ; but I say unto you, that there is not a man in the Avorld to whom if he should relieve Zamora, and make the King my brother raise the siege, I Avould not grant Avhatsoever he might require. And when Vellido heard this he kissed her hand, and went to a porter Avho kept one of the gates of the toAvn, and spake with him, saying, that he should open the gate vmto him Avhen he saw him flymg toward it, and he gave him his cloak. Then Avent he to his lodging and armed himself, and mounted his horse, and rode to the house of Don Arias Gonzalo, and cried Avith a loud voice, We all • Dolfos is the corrupted patronymic of Ataulpho, the Adolphus of modern Germany. QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK know the reason, Don Arias Gonzalo, why you Avill not let y..^-^^ Dona Urraca exchange Zamora a\ ith her brother ; it is because you deal Avith her as with a harlot, like an old traitor. When Arias on the Holy Gospel to judge justly between us, and if they find that I am bound to do battle Avitli five, I Avill perform it And Don Arias made answer that he said Avell, and it should f'217.' be so. And truce Avas made for three times nine days, till tliis Chr.JelCid. cap. 06. should have been determined and the combat tought. ofihemu,,. III. Then Avhcn the truce Avas made, Don Arias Gonzalo rte clnCt Avent out from the toAvn into the host of the Castillians, and his l"cjCmld. sons Avith iiim, and many of the knights of the toAvn ; and all JlODRIGO DIAZ BE BIVAR. ^7 the Ricos-omes and kniohts who were in the host assembled tosje- BOOK ... III. ther with them, and considted what was to be doiie in this im- v— .,^ peachment. And they chose out tweve alcaldes on the one part, and twelve on the other, who should decide in what manner he was bound to perform combat Avho impeached a Council. And the four and twenty alcaldes accorded concernins what was the law in this case ; and two of them who were held the most learned in these things arose, the one being a Caslillian and the other of Zamora, and said that they had found the law as it was written to be this : That whosoever impeacheth the Council of a town Avhich was a bishop's seat, must do battle with five in the field, one after another; and that after every combat there should be given unto him fresh anns and horse, and three sops of bread, and a draught either of wine or of water, a's he chose. And in this sentence Avhich the twain pronounced, the other twentj^ and two /.a'ls.*^ 1 1 Chr. delCid. accorded. cap. eg. IV. On the morrow before the hour of tierce, the four and twen- How Dm \y alcaldes marked out the lists upon the sand beside the river, at hL'7msre. the place which is called Santiago, and in the middle of the lists combat/or they placed a bar, and ordamed that he who won the battle should lay hand on the bar, and say that lie had conquered : and then they appointed a term of nine days for the combatants to come to those lists which had been assigned. And when all was appointed as ye have heard, Don Arias returned to Zamora, and told the Infanta Doiia Urraca all that had been done, and she or- dered a mcetino; to be called, at Avhicli all the men of the town as- sembled. And when they were gathered together, Don Arias Gon- zalo said unto them, Friends, I beseech ye, if there be any here among 3'e Avho took counsel for the death of King Don Sancho, or Avere privy thereunto, that ye now tell me, and deny it not; for rather would I go with my sons to the land of the Moors, than be overcome in the field, and held for a traitor. Then they all jQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK replied, that there was none there who knew of the treason, nor ^J^J~i^ had consented unto it. At this Avas Don x\rias Gonzalo well pleas- ed, and he bade them go each to his house ; and he went to his house also with his sons, and chose out four of them to do combat, and said that he would be the fifth himself; and he gave them directions how to demean themselves in the lists, and said, that he Avould enter first ; and if, said he, what the Castillian saith be true, I would die first, not to see the infamy ; but if what he tap'io. ' ' saith be false, I shall conquer him, and ye shall ever be held in Chr. Gen. J- 218. honour. How Don V. Wlien the day appointed was come, Don Arias Gonzalo jirias u'ua . persuaded earlv In the mornino; armed his sons, and they armed him ; and that his snn '' ~ ' ^ Pedrarms [^ ^ygg ^q]j jjjj^^ i\^^i Dou Dieo;o Ordoucz was already in the lists. ihovld do o ./ tZd '" '"' Then he and his sons mounted their horses, and as they rode through the gates of their house, Doiia LJrracti, with a com- pany of dames met them, and said to Don Arias, Aveeping, Re- member now how my father, King Don Ferrando, left me to your care, and you swore between his hands that you would never forsake me ; and lo ! now you are forsaking me. I be- seech you remain with me, and go not to this battle ; for there is reason enough why you should be excused, and not break the oath which you made unto my father. And she took hold on liim, and would not let him go, and made him be disarmed. Then came many knights around him, to demand arms of him, and rc(piest that they might do battle in his stead ; nevertlieless he would give them to none. And he called for his son Pedro Arias, who was a right brave knight, though but of green years, and who had greatly intreated his father before this, that he would suffer him to fight in his stead. And Don Arias armed jjim com])leatly with his own hands, and instructed him how to demean himself, and gave him his blessing with his right hand, and said unto him, that in such a point he went to save the RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jg people of Zamora, as when our Lord Jesus Christ came through BOOK the Virgin Mar}^, to save the people of this Avorld, who were v>-v-^ lost b}' our father Adam. Then went they into the field, where Don Dieoo Ordonez was awaiting them, and Pedrarias entered tlie lists, and the judges placed them each in his place, and divided the sun between them, and went out, leaving them in f^'^g^"' .1 T . Chr.delCid. the lists, cap. 71. VI. Then thev turned their horses one against the other, ofihefim " . -y^. combat. and ran at each other full bravely, like good knights. Five times they encountered, and at the sixth encounter their spears brake, and they laid hand upon their swords, and dealt each other such heavy blows that the helmets failed ; and in this man- ner the combat Ijetwecn them continued till noon. And Avhen Don Diego Ordonez saw that it lasted so long, and he could not 3'et concpier him, he called to mind that he was there fight- ing to revenge his Lord, who had been slain by a foul treason, and he collected together all his strength. And he lifted up his sword and smote Pedrarias upon the helmet, so that he cut through it, and through the hood of the mail also, and made a wound in the head. And Pedrarias with the agony of death* and with the blood which ran over his eyes, bowed down to the neck of the horse; yet Avith all this he neither lost his stiiTups, nor let go his sword. And Don Diego Ordonez seeing him thus, thought that he was dead, and Avould not strike him again ; and he called aloud, saying, Don Aria-s, send me another son, for this one will never fulfil your bidding. When Pedrarias heard this, grievously wounded as he was, he wiped the blood away with the sleeve of his mail, and went fiercely against him : and he took the sword in both hands, and thought to give it him upon his head ; but the blow missed, and fell upon the horse, and cut oft" great part of his nostrils, and the reins with it ; and the horse immediately ran away because of the great wound which he had received. go CHRONICLE OF THE CII>, BOOK And Don Dic^o had no reins whercAvith to stop liim, and per- IT r . . "^ ^,-v>-( ceiving that he should else be carried out of the lists, he threw himself off. And while he did this, Pedrarias fell down dead, just without the mark. And Don Diego Ordoiiez laid hand on the bar, and said, Praised be the name of God, one is con-. quered. And incontinently the judges came and took him by the hand, and led him to a tent and disarmed him, and gave him three sops % and he drank of the wine and rested awhile. #■ -^is- And afterwards they oave him other arms, and a horse that was Chr.delCid. . •' ° ... "p- 72. a right good one, and went with him to the lists. Of the se- yji. Then Don Arias Gonzalo called for another son, whose- tend combat, name was Diego Arias, ■ and said unto him. To horse ! and go fight to deliver this Council and to revenge the death of your brother : and he answered, For this am I come hither. Then his father gave him his blessing and Avent with him to the lists. And the judges took the reins of the two champions and led them each to his place, and Avent out and left them in the lists. And they ran against each other Avith such force that both shields failed, and in another career they brake their lances. Then laid they hand on their good sAvords, and delivered such bloAvs that their helmets Avere cut aAvay, and the sleeves of the mail. And at length Diego Arias received such a blow near the heart that he fell dead. And Don Diego Ordonez Avent to the bar and laid hold on it, and cried out to Don Arias Gonzalo, Send me ' So in one of the Scotch Metrical Romances — l Thre soppes de mayn Tliei brought to Schir Gawayn, For to confort liis brayn. The King gared commaundc. Sir Gatean and Sir Galaron. 2. xi. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 81 another son, fori have conquered two, thanks be to God. Then BOOK the judges came and said that the dead knight was not jct out s,^,^ of the lists, and that he must alight and cast him out. And Don Diego Ordonez did as they had directed him, and alight- ed from his horse and took the dead man bj the leg, and dragged liim to the line, and then letting the leg fall he thrust him out of the lists with his feet. And then he Avent and laid hand upon the bar again, saying that he had liefer fight with a livino; man than drao- a dead one out of the field. And then the judges came to him, and led him to the tent, and disarmed him, and gave him the three sops and the Avine, as they had done before, and sent to say to Don Arias Gonzalo that this j?: 219. son also was slain, and that he should send another. cup'. 73.^ VIII. Then Don Arias Gonzalo, in gi-eat rage and in great c/the third trouble called for his son Rodrigo Arias, who was a good knight, i>owit\cmi right hardy and valiant, the elder of all the brethren ; he had ""'frf- been in many a tournament, and Avith good fortune. And Don Arias said unto him. Son, go noAv and do battle Avith Diego Ordonez, to saA'e Dona Urraca your Lady, and yourself, and the Council of Zamora ; and if you do this, in happy hour Avere you born. Then Rodrigo Arias kissed his hand and ansAvered, Father, I thank you much for Avhat you have said, and be sure that I Avill save them, or take my death. And he took his amis and mounted, and his father gave him his blessing, and Avent Avith him to the lists ; and the judges took his reins and led him in. And when the judges Avere gone out, they tAvain ran at each other, and Don Diego missed his bloAv, but Rodrio-o Arias did not miss, for he gave him so great a stroke Avith the lance that it pierced through the shield, and broke the saddle-boAv behind, and made him lose his stirrups, and he embraced the neck of his horse. But albeit that Don Diego was sorely bested with that stroke, he took heart presently, and Avent bravely M gg CHRONICLE OF THE CI0, BOOK against him, and dealt him so ereat a blow that lie broke the w^y.;^ lance in him ; for it went through the shield and all his other arms, and great part of the lance remained in his Hesh. After this they laid hand to sword, and gave each to the other great blows, and great Avounds with them. And Rodrigo Arias gave so great a wound to Diego Ordonez, that he cut his left ann throuffh to the bone. And Don Dieoo Ordonez, when he felt himself so sorely wounded, went against Rodrigo Arias and deli- vered him a blow upon the head which cut through the helmet and the hood of the mail, and entered into his head. When Ro- drigo Arias felt himself wounded to death, he let go the reins and took his sword in both hands, and gave so great a blow to the horse of Don Diego that he cut his head open. And the horse in his agony ran out of the lists, and cai'ried Don Diego out also, and there died. And Rodrigo Arias fell dead as he was following him. Then Don Diego Ordonez would have returned into the field to do battle with the other two, but the judges would not pennit this *, neither did they think good to decide Avhet her they of Zamora were overcome in this third ' Tl>€ Emperor Palmerin de Oliva, lest any good knight should some day lose the guerdon of his valour, (as Don Diego Ordonez in this instance) encircled the lists at Constantinople with a palisade, sufficiently high ; a precaution of which Palmerin of England found tlie benefit when lie and his brother and Dra- muziando fought with the three giants. The reins of his horse were cut, and if it had not been for the palisade he would have been carried out of the hsts. Palmeirim de Inglaterra, P. 2. C. 94. The costume of the Spanish romances is very ill preserved in the various translations. Every translator seems to have thought himself privileged to make what omissions and additions he pleased in the manner of narration. No trace of the pa.ssage to which I have just referred is to be found in the Eng- lish Palmerin. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR, 63 duel or not. And in tliis manner the thing -was left undecided. BOOK Nevertheless, though no sentence Avas given, there remained no s-iis^ infamy upon tl)e people of Zamora. But better had it been for Don Arias Gonzalo if he had given up VelHdo to the Cas- tillians, that he might have died the death of a traitor ; he ^YOu\d not then have lost these three sons, Avho died like good men, in their duty. Now what was the end of Vellido the history sayeth not, through the default of the Chroniclers ^ ; but it is to be believed, that because the impeachment was not made within three days, Don Arias Gonzalo thrust him out of the town as DoHa Urraca had requested, and that he fled into other lands, peradventure among the Moors. And thouo-h it may be that he escaped punishment in this world, yet certes he ^lio'"' could not escape it in hell, where he is tomiented Avith Dathan T^r""'' and Abiram, and with Judas the Traitor, for ever and ever. Chr.delCid. cap. 74. ' All the Chronicles, Histories, and Ballads, are silent as to the fate of Vellido Dolfos. Au account however, which is manifestly fabulous, is to be found in the interpolations made by an anonymous writer in tlie Sumario de los Re^es de Espaiia por j/ Despeiisero * Mayor de la Rei/ua Dona Leonor. This fable states that Vellido exacted from Dona Urraca a promise to lie with him ;— accordinglj', after he had committed the treason, she had him bound hand and foot, put into a sack, tied in it, and laid in her bed, where she herself lay down in her clothes and past the night beside him. As soon as it was day-break he was by her orders fastened to four wild horses, and so torn in pieces. This anonymous iutcipolator wished to make the Sumario of the Despensero yass for his own, and altered it for that purpose. Many of his additions are as Jabulous as the one which is here related ; and they have been singularly mis- chievous, having misled such truly able men and excellent historians as Zurita, Mariana, Garibay, and Gil Gonzalez Davila. 'His name is said by the Marques de Mondejar to have been5uan Rodriguez de Cuenca. ^4 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK IX. In the meantime the Infanta Dona Unaca wrote let- v.^vx^ tcrs secretly and sent messengers Avith them to Toledo to jyZ^ifomo King Don Alfonso, telling him that King Don Sancho his bro- inTrokdo. ther was dead, and had left no heir, and that he should come as speedily as he could to receive the kingdoms. And she bade her messengers deliver these privately that the Moors might not discover what had taken place, lest they should seize upon King Don Alfonso, whom she dearly loved. jVIoreover the Castilliiins • assembled together and fountl that as King Don Sancho had left no son to succeed him they were bound by right to re- ceive King Don Alfonso as their Lord ; and they also sent unto him in secret. Howbeit, certain of those spies Avho dis- cover to the Moors whatever the Christians design to do, when they knew the death of King Don Sancho, went presently to acquaint the Moors therewith. Now Don Peransures, as he was a man of great understanding and undei'stood the Ara- bick tongue, when he knew the death of King Don Sancho, and while he was devising how to get his Lord away from Toledo, rode out every day, as if to solace himself, on the way towards Castille, to see whom he might meet, and to learn tid- ings. And it fell out one day that lie met a man who told him he was going with news to King Alimaymon^ that King Don vSancho was dead ; and ]3on Peransures took him aside from the road as if to speak to him, and cut off his head. And Pe- ransures returned into the road and met another man coming with the same tidings to the King, and he slew him in like man- ner. Nevertheless the tidings reached King Alima3'mon. Now Peransures and his brethren feared that if the Moor knew this he would not let their Lord depart, but Avould seize him and make hard terms for his deliverance ; and on the other hand, they thought that if he should learn it from any other than thejuselves, it Avould be yet worse. And Avhile they Avere in RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 35 doubt what thev should do, Kino; Don Alfonso, trustins; in God's BOOK ^ • • III mercy, said unto them, AVhen I came hither unto tliis Moor, he ^.^^v^J received me with great honour, and gave to me abundantly all things of which I stood in need, even as if I had been his son ; hoAv then should I conceal from him this favour M'hich it hath pleased God to show me? I will go and tell it unto him. But Don Peransures besought him not to tell him of his brother's death. And he went to King Alimaymon and said unto liim, that he would fain go into his own country, if it pleased him, to help his vassals, who stood greatly in need of him. and he besought him that he Avould give him men. The death of King Don Sancho he did not make known. xVnd King Ahmaymon answered that he should not do this, because he feared that King Don Sancho his brother would take him. And King Don Alfonso said, that he knew the ways and customs of his brother, and did not fear him, if it pleased the King to give him some Moors to help him. Now Alimaymon had heard of the death of King Don Sancho, and he had sent to occupy the roads and the passes, that King Don Alfonso might be stopt if he should attempt to depart without his know- ledge. Howbeit he did not fully believe the tidings, seeing that King Don Alfonso did not speak of it ; and he rejoiced in his heart at what the King said, and he said unto him, I thank God, Alfonso, that thou hast told me of thy Avish to go into thine own country ; for in this thou hast dealt loyally by me, and saved me from that which might else have happened, to which the Moors have alway importuned me. And hadst thou departed privily thou couldest not have escaped being slain or taken. Now then go and take thy kingdom ; and I will give thee whatever thou hast need of to give to thine own people and win their hearts that they may serve thee. And he then besought him to v-^n<^w *^he oath which he had taken, never to QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK come against him nor his sons, but alway to befriend them ; and ,J}^ this same oath did the King of Toledo make unto him. Now AUmaymon had a grandson whom he dearly loved, who was not named in the oath, and King Don Alfonso therefore was not bound to keep it towards him. And King Don Alfonso made ready for his departure, and Alimaymon and the chief persons of the court went out from the city with him and rode ^ap.^^"^' "^^'ith him as far as the Sierra del Dragon, which is now called Val- ff.iv.Ti6. tome; and he gave him great gifts, and there they took leave i.6.c.2o. of each other with great love *. Howthecid X. As soon as King Don Alfonso arrived at Zamora, he pitched kiss the his tents in the field of Santiago, and took counsel with his sister. And the Infanta Dona Urraca, who was a right pmdent lady and a wise, sent letters throughout the land, that a Cortes should assemble and receive him for their Lord. And when the Leonese and the Gallegos kncAV that their Lord King Don Al- fonso was come, they Averc full joyful, and they came to Zamora and received him for their liOrd and King. And afterwards the Castillians arrived, and they of Navarre*, and they also received * The Chronicle of the Cid relates this differently : that Alimaymon, after giving him leave to depart, detained him day after day upon various pretexts, and that at last Alfonso and his followers let themselves down from the castle bv ropes, and escaped in the night. In the morning Alimaymon asked his favour- ites if they knew why Alfonso was in such haste to depart, and they said they thought his brother was dead ; upon which he sent to seize him, meaning to de- tain him prisoner. I have prefencd the Archbishop Rodrigo's account, because, if the previous narrative be authentic, Alfonso knew that the roads were guarded to prevent his flight, and because, by the after transactions between him and Alimaymon, it is evident that they parted in friendship. ♦ The people of Rioja are meant. \ RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. QJ him for their Lord and King, but upon this condition, that he BOOK should swear that he had not taken counsel for the death of his .,^ ',. brother King Don Sancho. Howbeit they did not come forward to receive the oath, and they kissed his hands in homage, all, saA'e only Ruydiez, my Cid. And when King Don Alfonso saw that the Cid did not do homage and kiss his hand, as all the other chief persons and prelates and Councils had done, he said, Since now ye have all received me for your Lord, and given me authority over ye, I would know of the Cid Ruydiez why he will not kiss my hand and acknowledge me ; for I would do something for him, as I promised unto my father King Don Ferrando, when he commended him to me and to my brethren. And the Cid arose and said, Sir, all whom you see here present, suspect that by your counsel the King Don Sancho your brother came to his death; and therefore, I say unto you that, unless you clear yourself of this, as by right you should do, I Avill never kiss your hand, nor receive you for my Lord. Then said the King, Cid, what you sa}' pleases me well ; and here I SAvear to God and to St. Mary, that I never slew him, nor took counsel for his death, neither did it please me, though he had taken my kingdom fi-om me. And I beseech ye therefore all, as triends and true vassals, that ye tell me how I may clear myself. And the chiefs who were present said, that he and twelve of the knights who came with him from Toledo, should make this oath in the church at St. Gadea* at Buroos, and that so he should be cap. 75.70. ® ' CUr. Gen. cleared. /-^so. • There were in these times, says Gaiibay, and for many ages after, particular churches in the chief places of these kingdoms, where the sacraments of the oath were wont to be taken, for the greater awe and tenor, when any one had to purge himself by oath from some great and atrocious crime whereof he was accused. Such a church, under the advocation of St. Mary Magdalene, there is, he adds, ia 38 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK XI. So the King and all his company took horse and went ^^^^-^^ to Burgos. And when the day appointed for the oath Avas whichtht come, the King Avent to hear mass in the church of Gadea, and ti'tfm^'Zk. liis sisters the Infantas Dona Urraca and Dona Elvira Avith him, and all his knights. And the King came forward upon a high stage that all the people might see him, and my Cid came to him to receive the oath ; and my Cid took the book of the Gospels and opened it, and laid it upon the altar, and the King laid his hands upon it, and the Cid said unto him. King Don Alfonso, you come here to swear concerning the death of King Don Sancho your brother, that you neither slew him nor took counsel for his death ; say now you and these hidalgos, if ye swear this. And the King and the hidalgos answered and said. Yea, we swear it. And the Cid said. If ye knew of this thing, or gave command that it should be done, may you die even such a death as your brother the King Don Sancho, by the hand of a villain Avhoni you trust ; one Avho is not a hidalgo, fi'om another land, not a Castillian ; and the King and the knights who Avere Avith him said Amen. And the King's colour changed ; and the Cid repeated the oath unto him a second time, and the King and the tAvelve kniohts said Amen to it in like manner, and in like manner the countenance of the King Avas changed again. And my chr. Gen. ^^^ rcpcatcd the oath unto him a third time, and the King and the chr^deicid. knights said Amen ; but the AVTath of the King Avas exceeding cap. 77.78. gj-eat, and he said to the Cid, Ruydiez, Avhy dost thou thus press this town of Mondragon, where in times past people used to come from the whole district for such purposes. Some, he adds, are even remembered in the present age. L. ll.C. 13. These expurgatory oaths were forbidden by the Leyesde Toro, Berganza b. U. 191. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gg me man? To-day thou swcarest me, and to-morrow tliouwilt kiss BOOK my hand. And from that day forward there was no love to- .^*-,-,,^ wards my Cid ' in the lieart of the King. XII. After this was Kins; Don Alfonso crowned Kino; of How Dm Castille, and Leon, and Galicia, and Portugal ; and lie called crowntd himself King and Emperor of all Spain, even as his father had done before him. And in the beoinnins; of his rcion he did in all ' The Ckl when he repeated ihe oath seems only to have enforced the law of Castille. A case of debt might be decided by the oath of the defendant, as in our Court of Chancery, and he was bound to repeat the oath three times: Devele responder fasta la terceia vegada sin refierta; e sW rejierta la jura, es vencido. Fuero Viejo. Lib. 3. Tit. 2. § 7. § 9. The threat of Urraca, that she would have her brother Sancho slain, either secretly or openly, and the escape of Vellido, give some colour to the suspicion, which all the Castilliaus, and especially the Cid, entertained. They accused Urraca in the King's epitaph : Sanctiusforma Paris, etferox Hector in armis, Clauditur hue tnmbu, jamfactuspulvis Sf umbra ; Femina mente dira, soror, hitnc vita evpoliavit, Jure quidem dempto nonflevit ,fratre perempto. Rev iste occisus est proditore, coiisilio sororis sue Urracce, apud Numantiam Civi- tatem, per manum Belliti AdeJJis, magni traditoris, in era M. C. X. Nonis Octobris, rapuit me cursus ab horis. Berganza, 5. 13. 184. This author, whose judgment is of great value when there is no miracle to mislead it, inclines on the oldest and best authorities to this suspicion, which is strengthened by Alfonso's conduct towards Garcia. He who kept one brother so many years in chains, would have little scruple in instigat- ing the assassin of another. A place of penance was shown in Philip II. 's time, in the cloisters of a church at Bamba near Valladolid, said to have been made by Urraca in atone- ment for having occasioned Sancho's death. The tombs of the sons of Arias Gonzalo were also shown there — both, as Morales thinks, without any good authority. Morales, 12. 40. 7. N QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK tbino:s accord i no- to the counsel of the Infanta Dona Urraca his III .^„^^ sister; and he was a good King, and kept his kingdom so well, that rich and poor alike dwelt in peace and security, neither did one man take arms against another, nor dare to do it, if he va- lued the ej^es in his head. And if the King was noble and high of lineage, much more was he of heart ; and in his days justice abounded in the land so, that if a woman had gone alone throughout the whole of his dominions, bearing gold and silver ill her hand, she would have found none to hurt her, neither m the waste, nor in the peopled country. The merchants and pil- grims also who passed through his lands Avere so well ])rotected, that none durst do them Avrong. Never Avhilc the kingdom Avas his, had they of his land to do service to any other Lord. And he was a comforter of the sorrowful, and an increaser of the faith, and a defender of the churches, and the strength of the people; a judge Avithovit fear; there Avas not in Spain a consoler of the poor and of those Avho Avere oppressed, till he came. NoAv there Avas a mortal enmity bctAveen my Cid and Count Garcia Ordonez, and in this year did my Cid gather together those of his table, and all his power, and entered into the lands of Logrono, and Navarre, and Calahorra, burning and spoiling the country before him. And he laid siege to the Castle of Faro and took it. And he sent messengers to the Count his f^'^ifi'"' enemy, to say that he Avould wait for him seven days, and he '^I'^'.to^"'' Avaited. And the mighty men of the land came to the Count ff.'soZi Don Garcia, but come against my Cid that they dared not do, cZkSa. for they feared to do battle Avith him. iiowKiug XIII. In the second year of the reign of Kmg Don Alfonso, went to "uc- thc Kiug of Cordova made Avar upon Ahmaymon King of To- :Ji/m«i'. Icdo, and did great damage in his land, and held him besieged in Toledo ; and King Don Alfonso drew forth a great host and went to help the King of Toledo. Wlien Alimaymon. kneAv that RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gj he was coming Avith so great a power, he was greatly dismayed, BOOK thinking that he came against him ; and he sent to remind hmi vj^^ of the love and the honour which he had shown unto him in the days of his brother King Don Sancho, and of the oath which he had taken ; and to beseech him that he would continue in peace with him. And the King detained his messengers, giving them no repl}', and went on advancing into the land, doing no hurt therein. And vrhen he came to Olias, he ordered the whole army to halt. And Avhen the King of Cordova knew that King Don Alfonso Avas coming, he rose up from before Toledo, and fled away, and the men of Toledo pursued him, and mflicted ^apif^' gvesLt loss u}X)n him in liis flight. /. 222!"' XIV. And when the army had lialted at Ohas, the King How the called for the messengers of Alimaymon, and took with him intJnul, five knights, and rode to Toledo. And when they came to the gate which is called Visagra, the messengers who went with him made him enter the town, and he sent one of them to tell the King that he was there, and went on in the mean time towards the Alcazar. And when King Alimaymon heard this, he would not wait till a beast should be brought him that he might ride, but set out on foot and went to meet hmi ; and as he was going out he met King Don Alfonso, and they embraced each other. And the King of Toledo kissed King Don Alfonso's shoulder, for the joy and pleasure that he had in his heart at seeing him ; and he gave thanks to God for what he had done to King Don Alfonso, and thanked him also for the truth which was in him, in coming thus to his deliverance, and for remembering the oath Avhicli they had made each to the other. And they rejoiced to- gether all that night, and great was the joy of the people of Toledo, because of the love whicli King Don Alfonso bore to- ward their Lord. But great was the sorrow in the host of the ci'^a'^"'' Castillians, for they never thought to see their Lord again ; and fHi^'"' g2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK they thought that he had committed a great folly in thus j)uttuig ^.>-v^ himself into the power of the Moors. Of the noble XV. Ou thc morrow, King Don Alfonso besought King the Kwg Alimaymon that he would go and cat with him at Olias, and see mayxum. Jjow lic camc to help him. And they went both together with a little company, and when they of the host saw their Lord they were all right joyful, and the two Kings went through the canij), and they sat down to eat in the tent of the King, which was a large one. And while they were at meat King Don Alfonso gave order in secret that five hundred knights should arm them- selves and surround the tent. And when the King of Toledo saAV these armed knights, and that the tent was surrounded, he was in great fear, and he asked of King Don Alfonso Avhat it should be ; and the King bade him eat, and said, that after- wards they Avoukl tell him. And after they had eaten. King Don Alfonso said to Alimaymon, Y^ou made me swear and pro- mise when you had me in Toledo in your power, that no evil should ever come against you on my part : noAv since I have you in my power I will that you release me from this oath and covenant. And the King of Toledo consented to release liim, and besought him to do him no other wrong, and he acquitted him from the promise three times. And Avhen he had done this King Don Alfonso called for the book of the Gospels, and said unto him. Now then that you are in my power, I swear and promise imto you, never to go against you, nor against your son, and to aid you against all other men in the world. And I make this oath unto you because there was reason why I should have broken that other one, seeing that it was made Avhen I was in your hands; but against this I must not go, for I make it Avhen you are in mine, and I could do with you even Avhatever pleased me ; and he laid his hands upon the book, and swore even as he had said. Right joyful was the King of Toledo at RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. g^ this wliicli King Don Alfonso had done, for the loyalty which he BOOK had shown toAvards him. And they remained that night together; ^-.-v^ and on the morrow Alimaymon returned to his cit}' full 2;ladly, and King Don Alfonso made his host move on toA\ards Cordova and Alimaymon went with him ; and they overran the land, and burnt towns and villages, and destroyed castles, and plundered Avhatever they could find ; and they returned each into his own country with great spoils. And fi-om thenceforward the Kinw cap'a^.ai.' of Cordova durst no more attack the Kino- of Toledo. #2>3. XVI, In the following years nothing is found to be related, HowmyCi,{ save that my Cid did battle by command of the Kino- with a '"'"^'■ knight called Ximen Garcia de Tiogelos, Avho was one of the best of Navarre : they fought for the castle of Pazluenoas, and for two other castles, and my Cid conquered him, and Kinw Don Alfonso had the castles. And after this my Cid did battle in IMcdina Celi, with a Moor called Faras, who was a o-ood knight in arms, and he defeated and sIcav him and another also. And in the fifth year of the reign of King Don Alfonso, the King sent the Cid to the Kings of Seville and of Cordova, for the tribute Avhich they were bound to pay liim. Noav there was ht this time Avar between Almocanis King of Seville, and Al^ mundafar King of Granada, and Avith Almundafar Avere these men of Castille, the Count Don Garcia Ordonez, and Fortun Sanchez, the son-in-laAv of King Don Garcia of Navarre, and Lope Sanchez his brother, and Diego Perez, one of the best men of Castille ; and they aided him all that they could, and Avent against the ->>.ing of Seville. And Avhen my Cid knew this it troubled him, and he sent unto them requirino- them not to o-o against the King of Sca iJle, nor to destroy his country, because he Avas King Don Alfonso's vassal; otherwise the King must defend him. And the King of Granada and the Ricos-omes Avho Avere Avith him cared nothing for his letters, but entered f)4 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK boldly into the land of Seville, and advanced as far as Cabra, yJ^J:^ burning and la_ying waste before them. When the Cid saw this he gathered together Avhat Christians he could and went against them. And the King of Granada and the Christians who were with him, sent to tell him that they would not go out of the country for him. And the Avrath of the Cid Avas kindled, and he went against them, and fought Avith them in the field, and the battle lasted from the hour of tierce even until the hour of sexts ; and many died upon the part of the King of Granada, and at length my Cid overcame them and made them take to flight. And Count Garcia Ordonez was taken prisoner, and Lope Sanchez, and Diego Perez, and many other knights, and of other men so many that they Avere out of number ; and the dead Avere so many that no man could count them; and the spoils of the field were very great. And the Cid held these good men prisoners three days ^ and then set them free, and he returned Avith great honour and great riches to Seville. And King Almocanis received him full honourably, and gave him great gifts for himself, and paid him the full tribute for the cap. 86. s'?! King; and he returned rich to Castillo, and Avith great honour. /.'223. ' xVnd King Don Alfonso Avas aa'cII pleased ^ Avith the good for- " It was a custom that the victor should remain three days upon the field of battle, ill proof of his victory: and this seems to have been the Cid's reason for detaining his prisoners thus long. A disgraceful instance of this custom will be found in the history of Affbnso V. of Portugal, who remained three days upon the field at AH'arrobcira after he had slain the Infante 'lyon Pedro, his uncle, guardian, and father in law, the best and ablest man that ever Portugal pro- duced. ' In recompence for these services Alfonso granted a privilege to the Cid, confiraiing lohim all his possessions, and declaring them free from all imposts: the town of Bivar is especially mentioned. This privilege bears date July 28, 1075; RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gr time of the Cid in all his feats ; but there were many who wisli- BOOK ed ill to him, and sought to set the King against him. s.iv-^ XVII. After this King Don Alfonso assembled together all nowKwg his power and Avent agamst the Moors. And the Cid should '"«"•<■''« have gone with lum, but he tell sick and perforce therefore abode "" '^'''^ at home. And while the King Avas going through Andalusia, having the land at his mercy, a gi'eat poAver of the Moors assem- bled together on the other side, and entered the land, and be- sieged the castle of Gormaz, and did much evil. At this time the Cid was gathering strength ; and Avhen he heard that the Moors were fn tlie country, laying Avaste before them, he gathered together Avhat force he could, and Avent after them ; and the IVlooi-s, Avhen they heard this, dared not abide his coming, but beg-an to tly. And the Cid folloAved them to Atienza, and to -5 i^iguenza, and Fita, and Ciuadalajara, and through the Avhole land of St. Esteban, as far as Toledo, slavins; and burninsr, and plundering and destroying, and laying hands on all Avhora he found, so that he brought back scA^en thousand prisoners, inen and Avomen ; and he and all his people returned rich and Avdth great honour. But Avhen the King of Toledo heard of the hurt Avhich he had received at the hands of the Cid, he sent to King Don Alfonso to complain thereof, and the King Avas greatly troubled. And then the Ricos-omes Avho Avished ill to the Cid, had the way open to do him evil with the King, and they said to the King, Sir, Ruydiez hath broken 3^our faitli, and the oath and promise Avhich you made to the King of Toledo : and he hath done this for no other reason but that the Moors of Toledo may it is preserved at Bivar, and in reverence for the Cid's memory has been confirmed by all the subsequent kings of Castille down to Philip V . and is probably continu- ed to this day. Berganza 5. 14. § 196. g5 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK fall upon us here, and slay both 3011 and us. And the King v.,rv-L/ believed what they said, and Avas wroth against the Cid, laving no love towards him Ix^causc of the oath v.hich he had pressed upon him at Buroos conccrnino' the death of Kino- Don Sancho Chr.ddCid. t All • 1 1> cup. 88. 89. his brother. And he went with all sneed to Buro'os, and sent Ckr. Gen. _ i O ' /. 224. from thence to bid the Cid come unto him. HowtheCid XVIII. Now my Cid knew the evil disposition of the King was wTon^ fully banih. towards him, and Avhen he received his bidding, he made answer cd. that he would meet him between Buroos and Bivar. x\nd the King went out from Burgos and came nigh unto Bivar ; and the Cid came up to him and Avould have kissed his hand, but the King witli- held it, and said angrily unto him, Ruydie;?, cjuit my land. Then the Cid clapt spurs to the mule upon Avhich he rode, and vaulted into a ])iece of ground Avhich Avas his oAvn inheritance, and ansAvered, Sir, I am not in your land, but in my OAvn. And the King replied full AvrathfuUy, Go out of my kingdoms Avithout any delay. And the Cid made ansAver, Give me then thirty days time, as is the right of the hidalgos ; and the King said he Avould not, but that if he Avere not gone in nine days time he would come and look for him. Tiie Counts Avere Avell pleas- ed at this ; but all the people of the land Avere sorroAvful. And then the King and the Cid parted. And the Cid sent for all his friends and his kinsmen and vassals, and told them how King Don Alfonso had banished him from the land, and asked of them Avho Avould folloAv him into banishment, and Avho Avould remain at home. Then Alvar Eaiiez, avIio Avas his cousin-ger- man, came forward and said, Cid, Ave Avill all go Avith you, through desert and through peopled country, and never fail you. In your service Avill we spend our mules and horses, our Avealth and our garments, and ever A\'hile Ave live be unto 3'ou loyal ti^"! 89. 90! friends and vassals. And they all confirmed Avhat Alvar Fanez ff. 224.'" had said ; and the Cid thanked them for their love, and said RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 97 that tliere mi<>ht come a time in which he should o-vieidoii BOOK them. -^^.-^ XIX. And as he was about to depart he looked back upon iioutheCid his OAVU home, and when he saw his hall deserted, the house- /™m*«oun 111- house, biiiig hold chests untastened, the doors open, no cloaks lian^mo- up, abanuud man. no seats in the porch, no hawks upon the perches, the tears came into his eyes, and he said, My enemies have done this . . God be praised for all things. And he turned toward the East, and knelt and said, Holy Mary jMother, and all Saints, pray to God for me, that he may give me strength to destroy all the Pagans, and to win enough from them to requite my friends therewith, and all those avIio follow and help me. Then he called for Alvar Faiiez and said unto him, Cousin, the poor have no part in the wrong Avhich the King hath done us ; see now that no Avronsr be done unto them alons; our road : and he called for his horse. And then an old woman who was standing at her door said. Go in a lucky minute, and make spoil of Avhat- ever 3'ou Avisli. And with this })roverb he rode on, saying, Friends, by God's good pleasure we shall return to Castillo with great honour and great gain. And as they went out fiom Bivar ar.,;wc,rf. they had a crow on their right hand, and when they came to pLm'dei Burgos they had a crow on the left. li. ' XX. ]\Iy Cid Ruydiez entered Burgos, having sixty stream- Howth ers in his compan}'. And men and uomen went forth to see rfa'm",!^' him, and the men of ]>uro;os and the women of Buroos were at their windoAvs, Aveeping, so great Avas their sorroAv ; and they said with one accord, God, how good a vassal if he had but a good Lord ! and willingly Avould each have bade him come in, but no one dared so to do. For King Don Alfonso in, his anger had sent letters to ]>uroos, savino; that no man should give the Cid a lodging ; and that Avhosoever disobeyed should lose all that he had, and moreover tiie eyes in his head. Great o dared not reccice hiin. g3 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK sorrow had these Christian folk at this, and they hid tliemselves in v^,^,^ when he came near tlieni because they did not dare speak to him ; and my Cid went to his Posada, and Avlien he came to the door he found it fastened, for fear of the King. And his people called out with a loud voice, but they within made no answer. And the Cid rode up to the door, and took his foot out of the stirrup, and gave it a kick, but the door did not open with it, for it was well secured ; a little girl of nine years old then came out of one of the houses and said unto him, O Cid, the King hath forbidden us to receive you. We dare not open our doors to you, for we should lose our houses and all that we have, and the eyes in our head. Cid, our evil would not help you, but God and all his Saints be with you. And when she had said this she returned into the house. And when the Cid knew what the King had done he turned away from the door and rode up to St. Mary's, and there he alighted and knelt doAvn, and prayed Avith all his heart ; and then he mounted again and rode out of the town, and pitched his tent near Arlanzon, upon the Glera, that is to say, upon the sands. My Cid Ruy- diez, he who in a happy hour first girt on his sword, took up his poemadd lodgiug upou tlic sauds, because there was none who would 01. receive hnn Avithm then* door. He had a eood company round Chr.delCtd. _ ^ I J cap. 01. about him, and there he lodo-cd as if he had been amono- the Chr. Gen. _ "-^ ~ f.-2i4. mountains. nouthfCid XXI. Moreover the King had given orders that no food rowmo„c,, should bc sold them in Burgos, so that they could not luiy of the Jeics. ' ^ even a penny \\orth. ]>ut Martin Antolincz, who was a good I^urgalcse, he sup})licd my Cid and all his company with bread and Avine abundantly. Campeador, said he to the Cid, to- night we Avill rest here, and to-morrow we will be gone : I shall be accusetl for what I have done in servino; vou, and shall bc iu the King's displeasure ; but following your fortunes, sooner RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. QQ or later, the Kinsr will have me for his friend, and if not, I do BOOK • • III not care a fig '° for what I leave behind. Now this Martin An- .^^^^ tolinez was nephew unto the Cid, being the son of his brother, Ferrando Diaz". And the Cid said unto him, Martin Antolinez, you are a bold Lancier ; if I live I will double you your pay. You see I have nothing with me, and yet must provide for my companions. I will take two chests and fill them with sand, and do you go in secret to Rachel and Vidas, and tell them to come hither privately ; for I cannot take my treasures with me because of their weight, and Avill pledge them in their hands. Let them come for the chests at night, that no man may see them. God knows that I do this thins; more of necessitv than of Avil- fulness ; but by God's good help I shall redeem all. Now Ra- chel and A'idas Avere rich Jews, from whom the Cid used to '" Literally — Si lion, qiianto dexo nou lo piccio tin figo. Foema del Cid. I . Ti. The j)rob;il)lc origin of lliis common phrase I have remarked in a note upon Thalaba, J ol. \. p.TjOQ. Ancient Pistol is good authority for its Spanish descent. " Diego Laynez, the father of Rodrigo, riding out when a young man U{)on Santiago's Day, met a woman who was carrying food to her husband at the thresh- ing floor, and forced her. She conceived a son, proceeded to her husband, and told him what had befallen her ; and she conceived another son by him also, the same day. The child of the knight came into the world first, and was baptized Ferrando Diez. This Don Ferrando married the daughter of Anton Antolinez of Burgos, and had by her Martin Antolinez, Fernand Alfonso, Pero Bermudez, Alvar Salvadores, and Ordono. Chronica del Cid. Cap. 2. How the son of the knight was distinguished from the son of the peasant, is not specified by the Chronicler. It was perhaps believed that the young Caval- lero would insist upon taking precedence. ^QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK receive money for his spoils >^ And Martin Antolinez went .J^ in quest of them, and he passed through Burgos and entered into the Castle ; and when he saAV them he said, Ah Rachel and Vidas, my dear friends ! now let me speak with ye in secret. And they three went apart. And he said to them, Give me your hands that you Avill not discover me neither to Moor nor Chris- tian ! I will make you rich men for ever. The Campeador went for the tribute and he took great wealth, and some of it he has kept for himself He has two chests full of gold ; ye know that the King is in anger against him, and he cannot carry these away with him without their being seen. He will leave them therefore in your hands, and you shall lend him money upon them, swearing Avith gieat oaths and upon your faith, that ye will not open them till a year be past. Rachel and Vidas took counsel together and answered, We Avell knew he got somethino- Avhen he entered the land of the Moors; he who has treasures does not sleep Avithout suspicion ; Ave Avill take the chests, and place them Avhere they shall not be seen. But tell us Avith Avhat Avill the Cid be contented, and Avhat gain Avill he oive us for the year? Martin AntoUnez answered like a prudent man, ]\Iy Cid requires Avliat is reasonable ; he Avill ask but little to leave his treasures in safety. Men come to him from all parts. He must have six hundred marks. And the Jcavs said, We Avill advance him so much. Well then, said Martin Antolinez, ye see that the night is advancing ; the Cid is in haste, give us the marks. This is not the Avay of business, said they ; Ave must take fnst, and then give. Ye say Avell, replied the Burgalese ; roevm .Id come then to the Campeador, and avc Avill help you to bring aAvay the chests, so that neither Moors nor Christians may see us. Cid.v.Oi— " Con qiden el solia fazcr sus munllcnat. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAU. 101 So they went to hoi-sc and rode out together, and they did BOOK not cross the bridge, but rode throuoh the water that no man „_. ' might see them, and they came to the tent of the Cid. XXII. jNleantime the Cid had taken two chests, which were //wrt« 1*1 Jetis lent covered with leather '* of red and sold, and the nails Avhich "'f'"™^. fastened down tlie leather were well eilt; they were ribbed ''■^"^t'" with bands of iron, and each fastened with three locks ; they were heavy, and he filled them with sand. And when Rachel and Vidas entered his tent with Martin Antolinez, they kissed his hand ; and the Cid smiled and said to them. Ye see that I am going out of the land, because of the King's displeasure ; but I shall leave something Avitli ye. And they made answer, Martin Antolinez has covenanted with us, that we shall give you six hundred marks upon these chests, and keep them a full year, swearing not to open them till tliat time be ex})ired, else shall we be perjured. Take the chests, said INIartin Antohnez; I will go with you, anol l>iing back the marks, for my Cid nmst move before cock-crow. So they took the chests, and though they Avere both strong men tlwy could not raise them from the ground ; and they were full glad of the bargain Avhich the}' had made. And Rachel then went to the Cid and kissed his hand and said, Now, Campeador, you are going from Ciistille among strange nations, and your gain Avill be great, even as your for- tune is. I kiss your hand, Cid, and have a gift for you, a red skin; it is Moorish and lionourable. And the Cid said. It pleases me : give it me if ye have brought it, if not, reckon it upon the " GuadamaceL Tapetum coriaceum pictiiin Sf (lean rat urn. So called, ac- cording to Covarrubias, because it was first manufactured near ibe river Guada- meci in Andalusia. Hangings of this were used in Spain. Beck inann speaks of tlie ' aow old-fashioned leather tapestry.' JQ2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK chests. And they departed with the chests, and Martin Antoli- I If ' ,,,„^^ nez and his j^eople helped them, and went with them. And when they had placed the chests in safety, they spread a car- pet in the middle of the hall, and laid a sheet upon it, and they threw down upon it three hundred marks of silver. Don IVIar- tin counted them, and took them without weighing. The other three hundred they paid in gold. Don INIartin had five squires with liim, and he loaded them all with the money. And when this was done he said to them, Noav Don Rachel and Vidas, you have got the chests, and I who got them for you avcII deserve a pair of hose. And the Jews said to each other. Let us give him a good gift for this which he has done ; and they said to him, We Poemaad will o;ive you enough for hose and for a rich douljlet and a tiood 200! cloak ; you shall have thirty marks. Don Martin thanked them cap. go. gi. and took the marks, and biddins; them both farewell, he departed Chr.Gcn. . f. 2J4. right joyfully. Hoicthecid XXIII. When IMartin Antolinez came into the Cid's tent ximena at hc Said uuto liiui, I liavc sped well, Campeador ! you have gain- Caideiia. 1 T 1 • "NT 1 •! ^ ed six hundred marks, and 1 tlnrty. JNow then strike your tent and be gone. The time draws on, and you may be ^ith your Lady ^Vife at St. Pedro de Cardena, before the cock crows. So the tent Avas struck, and my Cid and his company went to horse at this early hour. And the Cid turned his horse's iiead toward St. Mary's, and with his right hand he blest himself on the forehead, and he said, God be praised! help me, St. Mary. I go from Castillc because the anger of the King is against me, and I know not whether I shall ever enter it again in all my days. Help me, glorious Mrgin, in my goings, both by night and by day. If you do this and my lot be fair, I will send rich and goodly gifts to your altar, and Avill have a thousand masses sung there. Then with a good heart he gave his horse the reins. And Martin Antolinez said to him, Go ye on; I must back to RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAIl. 103 my wife and tell her what she is to do during my absence. I B O O K shall be with you in good time. And back he went to Burgos, v,,,..,^ and my Cid and his company pricked on. The cocks were crow- ing amain, and the day began to break, when the good Campea- dor reached St. Pedro's. Tlie Abbot Uon Sisebuto " was saying matins, and Doiia Ximena and five of her ladies of good lineage were with him, praying to God and St. Peter to help my Cid. And when he called at the gate and they knew his voice, God, what a joyful man was the Abbot Don Sisebuto ! Out into the court yard they went with torches and with tapers, and the Abbot gave thanks to God that he now beheld the face of my Cid. And the Cid told him all that had befallen him, and how he was a banished man ; and he gave him fifty marks for himself, and a hundred for Dona Ximena and her children. Abbot, said he, I leave two little girls behind me, whom I connnend to your care. 'J ake you care of them and of my wife and of her ladies : when this money be gone, if it be not enough, supply them abundantly ; for every mark Avhich you expend upon them I will give the Monastery four. And the Abbot promised to do this with a riglit good will. Then Doiia Ximena came up and her daughters with her, each of them borne in arms, and she knelt down on both her knees before her husband, seeping bitterly, and she would have kissed his hand ; and she said to bun, Lo now 3'ou are banished from the land by mischief-making men, and here am I with your daughters, who are little ones and of tender years, and we and you must be parted, even in your life time. '* On the unquestionable authority of Berganza I restore his true name to the y^bbot, who is called in the Chronicle and in the Poem, Sancho ; — Jcaso, he says by a fortunate conjecture, ;3or aver encontrado en la Historia Latina Sanctus> I/- desjmcs traduxeron Sancho. 3. 15. ^201. 104 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK For the love of St. Mary tell me now what we shall do. And ,^^^ the Cid took the children in his arms, and held them to his heart and wept, tor he dearly loved tliein. Please God and St. Mary, said he, I shall 3'et live to give these my daughters in marriage Poemadd witli my own hands, and to do you service yet, my honoured 285. Avife, whom I have ever loved, even as my own soul. How the Cid XXIV. A great feast did they make that day in the Monas- hi$ ivifeaiid tery for the good Campeador, and the bells of St. Pedro's rung merrily. Meantime the tidings had gone through Castille how my Cid Avas banished from the land, and great was the sorrow of the people. Some left their houses to follow hnn, others forsook their honourable offices which they held. And that day a hundred and fifteen knights assembled at the bridge of Arlan- zon, all in quest of my Cid ; and there Martin Antolinez joined them, and they rode on together to St. Pedro's. And Avhen he of Bivar knew what a goodly company were coming to join him, he rejoiced in his own strength, and rode out to meet them and greeted them full courteously ; and they kissed his hand, and he said to them, I pray to God that I may one day requite ye well, because ye have forsaken your houses and your heri- tages for my sake, and I trust that I shall pay ye two fold. Six days of the term allotted Avere noAV gone, and three only re- inain»xl : if after that time he should be found Avithin the King's dominions, neither for gold nor for silver could he then escape. 'I'hat day they feasted together, and Avhen it Avas evening the Cid distributed among them all that he had, giving to each man according to what he was; and he told them that they must meet at mass after matins, and depart at that early hour. Be- fore the cock crcAv they Avcre ready, and the Abbot said the mass of the Holy 'JVinity, and Avhen it Avas done they left the churcli and Avent to horst\ And my Cid embraced Dona Ximc- ua a.id his davighters, and blest them ; and the parting betAveen ^ RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. JQ^ them was like separating the nail from the quick flesh : and BOOK he wept and continued to look round after them. Then Alvar v,,.^^ Fanez came up to him and said, Where is your courage, my Cid ? In a good hour Avere you born of woman. Think of our road now ; these sorrows will yet be turned into joy. And ^ , the Cid spake again to the Abbot, commending his family to his care ; — well did the Abbot know that he should one day re- ceive good guerdon. And as he took leave of the Cid, Alvar Fanez said to liim, .Vbbot, if you see any Avho come to fol- low us, tell them Avhat route Ave take, and bid them make speed, for they may reach us either in the Avaste or in the peopled country. And then they loosed the reins and pricked ^'j^" '^'■' forAvard. ^o*- XXV. That night my Cid lay at Spinar de Can, and peo- now the aj. iniii-r 11 11 1 left the king- ple flocked to hun irom all parts, and early on the morroAv he dom a/King set out ; Santcstevan lay on his left hand, Avhich is a good city, and Ahilon on the right, Avhich belongs to the Moors, and he passed by Alcobiella, Avhich is the boundary of Castille. And he Avent by the Calzada de Quinea, and crost the Douro upon rafts '*. That night, being the eighth, they rested at Figeruela and more adventurers came to join him. And Avhen my Cid was fast asleep, the Angel Gabriel appeared to him in a vision, and said. Go on boldly and fear nothing ; for every thing shall go Avell Avith thee as long as thou livest, and all the things Avhich thou beginncst, thou shalt bring to good end, and thou shalt be '* Sobre navas de pahs al Duero vapaser V. 404. In the Chronica General, this is made the name of a place — Nava de Palos. The Cliionica del Cid says, barca de Palos, agreeing with the Poem, which is better authority than either. P 106 CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK rich and honourable. And the Cid aAvoke and blest himself ; v3>^ and lie crest his forehead and rose from his bed, and knelt down and gave thanks to God for the mercy Avhich he had vouch- safed him, being right joyful because of the vision. Early on the morrow they set forth ; now this was the last day of the nine. And they went on towards the Sierra de Miedes. Before sun- set the Cid halted and took account of his company ; there were three hundred lances, all with streamers, beside foot soldiers. Toemadti And hc Said unto them, Now take and eat, for we must pass I^fg"^^^' this great and wild Sierra, that we may quit the land of King ^ap.Va^'^' Alfonso this night. To-morrow he who seeks us may find us. /, sji. '"" So they passed the Sierra that night. ^>' HERE BEGIXNETH THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. I. Now hath my Cid left the kingdom of King Don Alfonso, BOOK and entered the country of the Moors. And at da3'-break they ,..^-v^ were near the brow of the Sierra, and they halted there upon the "Ztl^'^ top of the mountains, and gave barley to their horses, and re- c^njL mained there until evening. And they set fonvard when the evening had closed, that none might see them, and continued their way all night, and before dawn they came near to Castrejon, Avhich is upon the Henares. And Alvar Faiiez said unto the Cid, that he would take with him two hundred horsemen, and scour the country as far as Fita and Guadalajara and Alcala, and lay hands on whatever he could find, without fear either of King Alfonso or of the Moors. And he counselled him to re- main in ambush where he was, and surprize the castle of Cas- trejon : and it seemed good unto my Cid. A^vay Avent Alvar < Fancz, and Alvar Alvarez with him, and Alvar Salvadores, and Galin Garcia, and the tAvo hundred horsemen; and the Cid IQg CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK remained in ambush with the rest of his compan3\ And as soon v.^^v>«» as it Avas morning, tlie Moors of Castrejon, knowing nothing of these who were so near them, opened the castle gates, and went out to their work as they were wont to do. And the Cid rose from ambush and fell upon them, and took all their flocks, and made straight for the gates, pursuing them. And there was a cry Avithin the castle that the Christians were upon them, and they who Avere Avithin ran to the gates to defend them, i3ut my PMmi dti Cid came up SAVord in hand ; elcA^en Moors did he slay Avith his 479. OAvn hand, and they forsook the gate and fled before him ta ChT.delCid. , . , , . , . . . ° cap. 04. hide themseh-es Avithm, so that he Avon the castle presently, and Chr. Gen. , ' 1 ./ ' f. 225. took gold and sih^er, and Avhatever else he Avould. HmotheCid II. Alvar Faiiez meantime scoured the country along the told his _ '' ° spoil to the Henares as far as Alcala, and he returned drivino; flocks and Moors. ' o herds before him, Avith gi-eat stores of Avearing apparel, and of other plunder. He came AAith the banner of Minaya, and there Avere none Avho dared fall upon his rear. And when the Cid kncAV that he was nigh at hand he Avent out to meet him, and praised him greatly for Avhat he had done, and gaA^e thanks to God. And he gaA^e order that all the spoils should be heaped together, both AAdiat Ah^ar Fanez had brought, and Avhat had been taken in the castle; and he said to him, Brother, of all this Avhich God hath given us, take you the fifth, for you well deserAC it ; but Minaj^a Avould not, saying, You have need of it for our support. And the Cid divided the spoil among the knights and foot-soldiers, to each his due portion ; to every horseman a hun- dred marks of silver, and half as much to the foot-soldiers : and because he could find none to Avhom to sell his fifth, he spake to the Moors of Castrejon, and sent to those of Fita and Gua- dalajara, telling them that they might come safely to purchase the spoil, and the prisoners also Avhom he had taken, both men- prisoners and Avomen, for he Avould have none Avith him. And RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ]Qg they came, and valued the spoil and the prisoners, and gave for BOOK them three thousand marks of silver, Avhich they paid Avithin ^^v^ three da^'s : they bought also much of the spoil Avhich had been divided, making great gain, so that all Avho were in my Cid's poemadei company were full rich. And the heart of my Cid was joyous, isi? and he sent to Kins; Don Alfonso, telling him that he and liis cap'.gt. companions would yet do him senice upon the Moors. /"s. III. Then my Cid assembled together his good men and How the ad went af^aiust said unto them, Friends, we cannot take up our abode in this ^ncocer. Castle, for there is no water in it, and moreover the King is at peace with these IVloors, and I know that the treaty between them hath been wTitten ; so that if we should abide here he would come against us with all his power, and with all the power of the jMoors, and we could not stand against him. If there- fore it seem good unto you, let us leave the rest of our pri- soners here, for it does not beseem us to take any Avith us, but to be as fi'ee from all encumbrance as may be, like men Avho are to live by Avar, and to help ourseh'es Avith our arms. And it pleased them Avell that it should be so. And he said to them. Ye have all had your shares, neither is there any thing OAving to any one among ye. Noav then let us be ready to take horse betimes on the mon-OAV, for I Avould not fight against my Lord^ the King. So on the mon'OAV they Avent to horse and departed, being rich Avith the spoils Avhich they had Avon : and they left the Castle to the Moors, Avho remained blessing them for this bounty AA-hich they had received at theh hands. Then my Cid and his company Avent up the Henares as fast as they could go, and they passed by the Alcarias % and by the caves of Anquita, ' Alcarla signifies a cottage. The word however is used in the Poem as the name of a place, as we should speak of a few dwelling houses standing toge- ther in an open country. l;[0 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK and through the waters, and they entered the plain of Torancio, ,,J^^ and halted between Fariza and Cetina: great Avere the spoils which they collected as they went along. And on the morrow they passed Alfania, and leaving the Gorge below them they passed ]3obicrca, and Teca which is beyond it, and came against Alcocer. There my Cid pitched his tents upon a rovmd hill, A\hich was a great hill and a strong; and the river Salon ran near them, so that the water could not be cut off. My Cid poema del tliouglit to tukc Alcoccr : so he pitched his tents securely, sn'!"' ' having the Sierra on one side, and the river on the other, and cap'gb. he made all his people dig a trench, tliat they might not be Chr. Gen. • i i i i • i /■ 226. alarmed, neitrier by day nor by night. ofthetaking IV. Whcnmy Cid had thus encamped, he went to look at tlie Alcazar, and see if he could by any means enter it. And tlie Moors offered tribute to him if tie would leave them in peace ; but this he would not do, and he lay before the toAvn. And news Avent through all the land that the Cid Avas come among them, and they of Calatayud Avere in fear. And my Cid lay before Alcocer fifteen Avecks ; and Avhen he saAV that the town did not surrender, he ordered his people to break up their camp, as if they Avere tiding, and they left one of their tents be- hind them, and took their Avay along the Salon, Avith their banners spread. And Avhen the Moors saAV this they rejoiced greatly, and there Avas a great stir among them, and they praised themselves for Avhat they had done in Avithstanding him, and said, that the Cid's bread and barley had failed him, and he had fled aAvay, and left one of his tents behind him. And they said among themselves, Let us pursue them and spoil them, for if Ihcy of Teruel should be before us the honour and the profit Avill be theirs, and Ave shall have nothing. And they Avent out after him, great and little, leaving the gates open and shout- ing as they Avent ; and there Avas not left in the tOAvn a man Avho RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. m could bear arms. And when my Cid saw them coming he BOOK gave orders to (Quicken their speed, as if he was in fear, and v^^^ would not let his people turn till the Moors were far enough from the town. But when he saw that there was a good distance between them and the gates, then he bade his banner turn, and spurred towards them, crying. Lay on, knights, by God's mercy the spoil is our own. God ! what a good joy was theirs that morning ! My Cid's vassals laid on without mercy ; — in one hour, and in a little space, three hundred Moors were slain, and the Cid and Alvar Faiiez had good horses, and got between them and the Castle, and stood in the gateway swokI in hand,^ and there was a great mortality among the ^Vloors ; and my Cid won the place, and Pero Bermudez planted his banner upon the highest point of the Castle. And the Cid said. Blessed be God and all his Saints, we have bettered our quarters both for horses and men. And he said to Alvar Fanez and all his knights,. Hear me, we shall get nothing by killing these Moors ;• — let us. take them and they shall shoAv us their treasures Avliich they have p,,^,^^ ^,^^ hidden in their houses, and we Avill dwell here and they shall esl"^^^" serve us. In this, manner did my Cid win Alcocer, and take up cap'.tt'^"'' 1 . I 1 J 1 • Chr. Gen. his abode therem. /. 226. V. Much did this trouble the IMoors of Teca, and it did How the not please those of Teruel, nor of Calatayud. And they sent kndusent . 1-1 ordeys to to the Kinoj of Valencia to tell Inm that one who Avas called "■'^^ "'« c.v Ruydiez the Cid, whom King Don Alfonso had banished, was come into their country, and had taken Alcocer ; and if a stop were not put to him, the King might look upon Teca and Teruel and Calatayud as lost, for nothing could stand against him, and he had plundered the whole country, along the Salon on the one side, and the Siloca on the other. When the King of Valencia, whose name was Alcamin heard this, he was greatly troubled. And incontinently he spake unto two Moorish Kings JJ2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK who were his vassals, bidding them take three thousand horsc- .^^^ men, and all the men of the border, and bring the Cid to him cuu^ots- alive, that he might make atonement to him for having entered chr.deicui. his land. chr. Gen. VI. Fariz and Galve were the names of these two Moorish ff. 227. How the Cid Kings, and they set out with the companies of King Alcamm fnMcocer.^ fi'om Valencia, and halted the fust night in Segorve, and the second night at Celfa de Canal. And they sent their raessen- ffers throush the land to all the Councils thereof, ordering all men at arms, as well horsemen as footmen, to join them, and the third night they halted at Calatayud, and great numbers joined them ; and they came up against Alcocer, and pitched their tents round about the Castle. Every day their host in- creased, for their people were many in number, and their watch- men kept watch day and night ; and my Cid had no succour to look for except the mercy of God, in which he put his trust. And the Moors beset them so close that they cut off their water, and albeit the Castillians would have sallied against them, my Cid forbade this. In this guise Avere my Cid and his people besieged for three weeks, and when the fourth week began, he called for Alvar Fanez, and for his company, and said unto them, Ye see that the Moors have cut off" our water, and we have but little bread ; they gather numbers day by day, and we become weak, and they are in their own coun- try. If we would depart they would not let us, and we can- not go out by night because they have beset vis round about on all sides, and Ave cannot pass on high through the air, neither through the earth Avhich is underneath. Now then if it please you let us go out and fight with them, though they are many in nimibcr, and either defeat them or die an honourable death. iiou'thecid VII. Then Minaya answered and said. We have left the we i'. out to - 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 guxth.m gentle land of Castillc, and arc come hither as banished men. Poe, mi del Cid. u.Cil — 67A, Ckv. deiCid. cap. ys. Chr. Gen. ff "?• RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jj^ and if we do not beat the Moors they will not give us food. BOOK Now though we are but few, yet are we of a good stock, and .J^ of one heart and one will; by God's help let us go out and smite them to-morroAv, early in the morning, and you Avho are not in a state of penitence, go and shrieve yourselves and repent ye of your sins. And they all held that what Alvar Fanez had said was good. And my Cid answered, Minaya, you have spo- ken as you should do. Then ordered he all the Moors, both men and women, to be thmst out of the town, that it mio-ht not be known what they Avere preparing to do ; and the rest of that day and the night also they passed in making ready for the battle. And on the morrow at sun rise the Cid gave his banner to Pero Bermudez, and bade him bear it boldly like a good man as he was, but he charged him not to thrust forward with it Avithout his bidding. And Pero Bermudez kissed his hand, being Avell pleased. Then leaving only tAvo foot soldiers to keep the gates, they issued out ; and the Moorish scouts saAv them and hastened to the camp. Then AA^as there such a noise of tamboiu-s as if the earth Avould have been broken, and the Moors armed themselves in great haste. Two royal baimers Avere there, and fiA^e city ones, and they drcAv up their men Por,„„det in tAvo great bodies, and moved on, thinking to take my Cid n't/ "'"■ and all his company alive; and my Cid bade his- men remain ^,[.98. 99.' still and not move till he should bid them. ff'^v"'' VIII. Pero Bermudez could not bear this, but holding the //„,„Pe™ Ijanner in his hand, he cried, God help you, Cid Campeador; I far"uftL shall put your banner in the middle of that main body ; and you 1^"^^^"/ Avho are bound to stand by it — I shall see Iioav you will succour it. And he began to prick foEAvard. And the Campeador called unto him to stop as he loved him, but Pero Bernuulcz replied he Avould stop for nothing, and aAvay he spun-ed and carried his banner into the middle of the great body of the Moors. Q the Jloots. 114 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK And the Moors fell upon him that they might Avin the banner, V— y^ and beset him on all sides, giving him many and great bloAvs to beat him down ; nevertheless his arms were proof, and they could not pierce them, neither could they beat him down, nor force the banner from him, for he was a right brave man and a strong, and a good horseman, and of great heart. And Avhen the Cid saw him thus beset he called to his people to move on and help him. Then placed they their shields before their hearts, and lowered their lances with the streamers thereon, and bending forward, rode on. Three hundred lances were they, each with its pendant, and every man at the first charge slew his Moor. Smite them, knights, for the love of charity, cried the Campeador. I am Ruydiez, the Cid of Bivar ! Many a shield was pierced that day, and many a folse corselet Avas broken, and many a Avhite streamer dyed Avith blood, and many a horse left Avithout a rider. The MisbelicA-ers called on Mahomet, and the Christians on Santiago, and the noise of the tambours and of the trumpets, was so great that none could hear his neighbour. And my Cid and his company succoured Pero Bermudez, and they rode through the host of the Moors, slay- ing as they Avent, and they rode back again in like manner ; thirteen hundred did they kill in this guise. If you Avould knoAv who they were, who Avere the good men of that day, it behoves me to tell you, for though they are departed, it is not fitting that the names of those who have done Avell should die, nor would they Avho haA^e done Avell themselves, or Avho hope so to do, think it right ; for good men Avould not be so bound to do Avell if their good feats should be kept silent. There Avas my Cid, the good man in battle, who fought Avell upon his gilt saddle ; and Alvar Fanez Minaya, and Martin Antolinez the Burgalese of proAvess, and Muno Gustios, and Martin Munoz AA'^ho held Montemayor, and Alvar Alvarez, and *Alvar Salva- RODRICO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J 15 dores, and Galiii Garcia the o-ood one of Araaion, and Felez BOOK IVIunoz the nephew of the Campeador. AVherever my Cid v,>-v>-y went, the Moors made a path before him, for he smote them down without mercy. And while the battle still continued, the Moors killed the horse of Alvar Fanez, and his lance was broken, and he fought bravely with his sword afoot. And my Cid, seeing him, came up to an Alguazil who rode upon a good horse, and smote him Avith his sword under the right arm, poimadd so that he cut him through and through, and he gave the 763.''^' horse to Alvar Fanez, saying. Mount, Mina^'a, for you are my eap'.gg. "' ' f"". Gen. right hand. /-^as- IX. AVhen Alvar Fanez Avas thus remounted, they fell upon c^'thegreat victory won the Moors again, and by this time the Moors Avere gi'eatly bythiad. disheartened, having suffered so great loss, and they began to give Avay. And my Cid, seeing King Fariz, made toAvards him, smiting doAvn all Avho Avere in his Avay ; and he came up to him, and made three bloAvs at him ; two of them failed, but the third Avas a good one, and Avent through his cuirass, so that the blood ran doAvn his legs^ And Avith that bloAv Avas the army of the Moors vanquished, for King Fariz, feeling him- self so sorely Avounded, turned his reins and fled out of the field, even to Teruel. And jNIartin Antolinez the good Bur- galese came up to King Galve, and gave him a stroke on the head, Avhich scattered all the carbuncles out of his helmet, and cut through it even to the skin ; and the Kine did not Avait for another such, and he fled also. A good day Avas that for Christendom, for the Moors fled on all sides. King Fariz got into Teruel, and King Galve fled after him, but they Avould not receive him Avithin the gates, and he Avent on to Calatayud. And the Christians pursued them even to Calatayud. And Ahar Fanez had a good horse ; four and thirty did he slay in that pursuit Avith the edge of his keen SAVord, and his arm J2(3 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK was all red, and the blood dropt from his elbow. And as ^J.^^ he Avas returning from the spoil he said, Now am I well pleased, for good tidings will go to Castille, how my Cid has won a bat- tle in the field. My Cid also turned back ; his coif was wrink- led, and you might see his full beard ; the hood of his mail hung down upon his shoulders, and the sword was still in his hand. lie saw his people returning from the pursuit, and that of all his company fifteen only of the lower sort were slain, and he gave thanks to God for this victory. Then they fell to the spoil, and they found arms in abundance, and great store of v.ealth ; and five hundred and ten horses. And he divided the spoil, giving to each man his fair portion, and the Moors whom they Poemndd ^^^ P^^ 0"^ of Alcoccr bcforc the battle, they now received 8u."^* again into the castle, and gave to them also a part of the booty, ^ap.ito.'^' SO that all were well content. And my Cid had great joy Chr. Gen. .... . J. 228. With his vassals. Howthecid X. Then the Cid called unto Alvar Fanez and said. Cousin, taittoKing you are my right hand, and I hold it good that you should DonAlj'onso. .,'" take of my fifth as mu«h as 3'ou will, for all would be Avell be- stowed upon you ; but JNIinaya thanked Itim, and said, that he would take nothing more than his share. And the Cid said inito him, I will send King Don Alfonso a present from my part of the spoils. You shall go into Castille, and take with you thirty horses, the best Avhich were taken from the Moors, all bridled and saddled, and each having a sword hanging from the saddle- bow ; and yovL shall give them to the King, and kiss his hand for me, and tell him that we know how to make our Ava^- among the Mooi*s. And you shall take also this bag of gold and sil- ver, and purchase for me a thousand masses in . St. Mary's at Burgos, and hang up there these banners of the JMoorish Kings whom we have overcome. Go then to St. Pedro's at Cardena, and salute my wife Doiia Ximcna, and my daughters. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jjy and tell them how mcU I go on, and that if I live 1 will make BOOK them rich vomcn. And salute for me the Abbot ])on SiiHcho, v.^-vn-' and give him fifty marks of silver ; and the rest of the money, Avhatever shall be left, give to ni}' wife, and bid them all pray for me. jVIoreover the Cid said unto him. This country is p„,„ad(i all spoiled, and we have to help ourselves with sv.ord and g^'^.'*'* spear. You are going to gentle Castille ; if when you return „p?ioi.' you should not find us here, you will hear where avc arc. f-ias.'" XI. Alvar Faiiez went his way to Castiile, and he found hok Ahar tlie King in Aalladolid, and he presented to him the thirty ^nudthe •1111- • 1 1 1 • 1 -1 horta to the horses, with all their trappings, and sAvords mounted witli silver k^s- hanging from the saddle-bows. And when the King saw them, before iVlvar Fanez could dehvcr his bidding, he said unto him, Minaya, Avho sends me this goodly present ; and Minaya an- swerd, J\[y Cid Ruydiez, the Canipeador, sends it, and kisses by me your hands. For since you were Avroth against him, and banished him from the land, he being a man disherited, hath helped himself with his own hands, and huth won from the ]\Joors the Castle of Alcocer. And the Kir.o- of V' alencia sent two Kings to besiege him there, M'ith all his power, and they beoirt him round about, and cut off tl.e water and bread from us so that we could not subsist And then holding it better to die like good men in the field, than shut up like bad ones, we went out against them, and fought with them in the open field, and smote them and j)ut them to flight ; and both the Moorish Kings were sorely wounded, and many of the ISloors were slain, and many were taken prisoners, and great was the spoil ■which we won in the field, both of captives and of horses and arms, gold and silver and pearls, so that all who are with him are rich men. And of his fifth of the horses which were taken tliat day, my Cid hath sent you these, as to his natural Lord, whose favour he desire th. I beseech you, as God shall help 118 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK you, sliow favour uuto him. Then King Don Alfonso answcr- ».Jv-0 ed, This is betimes in the morning for a banished man to ask favour of his Lord ; nor is it befitting a King, for no Lord ought to be wroth for so short a time. Nevertheless, because the horses were won from the Moors, I will take them, and re- joice that my Cid hath sped so well. And I pardon you, Mi- naya, and give again unto you all the lands which you have ever held of me, and you have my favour to go when you Avill, and come when you will. Of the Cid Campeador, I shall say no- thing now, save only that all who chuse to follow him may freely go, and their bodies and goods and heritages are safe. And Mi- naya said, God grant you many and happy years for liis service. Now I beseech you, this Avhich you have done for me, do also to all those Avho are in my Cid's company, and show favour unto Poimadei thcm also, that their possessions may be restored unto them. B04. ' And the Kine gave order that it should be so. Then Minaya cap. 103. kissed the King s hand and said, oir, 3'ou have done this now, Chr. Gen. f- "9- and you will do the rest hereafter. How the Cid XII. My Cid remained awhile in Alcocer, and the Moors froTAico. of the border waited to see Avhat he Avould do. And in this time King Fariz got well of his wound, and my Cid sent to him and to the Moors, saying, that if they would give him three thousand marks of silver, he Avould leave Alcocer and go else- where. And King Fariz and the Moors of Techa, and of Teruel, and of Calatayud, Avere right glad of this, and the covenant Avas put in Avriting, and they sent him the three thousand marks. And my Cid divided it among his company, and he made them all rich, both knights and esquires and footmen, so that they said to one another, He who serves a good Lord, happy man is his dole. But the Moors of Alcocer were full soiTy to see him depart, because he had been to them a kind master and a bountiful ; and they said unto him, Wherever you go, Cid, our cer. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 119 prayers will go before you : and they wept both men and women BOOK when my Cid went his way. So the Campeador raised his banner and departed, and he went down the Salon, and crossed it ; and as he crossed the river they saw good birds, and signs of good fortune. And the}' of Za and of Calatayud were well pleased, because he went from them. My Cid rode on till he came to the knoll above Monte-Real ; it is a high hill and strong, and there he pitched his tents, being safe on all sides. And from thence he did much harm to the Moors of Medina and of the country round about; and he made Daroca pay tribute, and Molina also, which is on the other side, and Teruel p^^^ ^^j also, and Celfa de Canal, and all the country along the river 878. '' '^*' Martin. And the news went to the King of Zaragoza, and it cap. loi.' ' neither pleased the King nor his people. - /. 229."' XIII. Ever after was that knoll called the Knoll of the HmtheCid. Cid. And when the perfect one had waited a long time iox atzaragna. Mina3'a and saw that he did not come, he removed by night, and passed by Teruel and pitched his camp in the pine-forest of Tebar. And from thence he infested the INIoors of Zaragoza, insomuch that they held it best to give him gold and silver and pay him tribute. And when this covenant had been made, Almu- dafar, the King of Zaragoza, became greatly his friend, and received him full honourably into the town. In three weeks time after this came Alvar Faiiez from Castille. Two hundred men of lineage came with him, every one of whom wore sword girt to his side, and the foot-soldiers in their company were out of number. When my Cid saw Minaya he rode up to him, and embraced him Avithout speaking, and kissed his mouth and the eyes in his head. And Minaya told him all that he had done. And the face of the Campeador brightened, and he gave thanks to God and said, It will go well with me, Minaya, as long as you live! God, how Joyful was that whole host because Alvar Poema dti Cid. V. 915. 041. Chr.delCid. cap. 104. Chr. Gen, ]20 CHRONICLE or THE CID, BOOK Fanez was returned! for lie i^rouglit thorn greetings from their ^^ kinsAvonicn and their brethnMi, and tlie fair comrades whom they had left behind. God, how joyful was my Cid with the tleecy beard, that Minaya had purchased the thousand masses, and had brought him the biddings of his wife and daughters ! God, J. 230. what a joyful man was he ! How the Cid XIV. Now it came to pass that Avhile my Cid was in Zara- eZntn/. ' goza tlic days of King Almudafar were fulfilled : and he left his two sons Znlema and Abenalfange, and they divided his do- minions between them ; and Zulema had the kingdom of Zara- goza, and Abenalfange the kingdom of Denia. And Zulema put his kingdom under my Cid's protection, and bade all his people obey him even as they would himself. Now there began to be great enmity between the two brethren, and they made war upon each other. And King Don Pedro of Aragon, and the Count Don Ramon Berenguer of Barcelona, helped Aben- «dfano-e, and they were enemies to the Cid because he defended Zulema. And my Cid chose out two hundred horsemen and went out by night, and fell upon the lands of Alcaniz ; and he remained out three days in this inroad, and brought away great booty. Great was the talk thereof among the Moors ; and they of Monzon and of Huesca were troubled, but they of Za- rao-oza rejoiced, because they paid tribute to the Cid, and were safe. And when my Cid returned to Zaragoza he divided the spoil among his companions, and said to them. Ye know, my friends, that for all who live by their arms, as we do, it is not wood to remain long in one place. Let us be off again to- morrow. So on the morrow they moved to the Puerto de Alu- cant, and from thence they infested Huesca and Montalban. foemadei Tcu days Avere they out upon this inroad ; and the news was yee/ ""■ sent every where how the exile from Castille Avas handling them, r.t??o5^'''' and tidings Avent to the King of Denia and to the Count of f'%o!"' Jkircelona, how my Cid was over-running the country. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 121 XV. AVlien Don Ramon Bereng;uer the Count of Barcelona BOOK> • IV heard this, it troubled him to the heart, and he held it for a ..^v-L* great dishonour, because that part of the land of the Moors was iZionle- in his keepinsT. And he spake boastfully saying. Great wrong Z'^Ztakc 1 f> • nway his doth that Cid of Bivar offer unto me; he smote my nephew- in spou/ror, my own court and never would make amends for it, and now he ravages the lands which are in my keeping, and I have never defied him for this nor renoimced his friendship ; but since he goes on in this way I must take vengeance. So he and King Abenalfange gathered together a gi'cat power both of Moors and Christians, and went in pursuit of the Cid, and after three days and two nights they came up with him in the pine-forest of Tebar, and they came on confidently, thinking to lay hands on him. Now my Cid Avas returning with much spoil, and had descended from the Sierra into the valley when tidings were brought him that Count Don Ramon Bcrenguer and the King of Denia were at hand, with a great power, to take away his booty, and take or slay him. And Avhen the Cid heard this lie sent to Don Ramon saying, that the booty which he had won was none of his, and bidding him let him go on his way in peace : but tlie Count made answer, that my Cid should now learn whom he had dishonoured, and make amends once for all. Then my Cid sent the booty forward, and bade his kniohts make ready. They are coming upon us, said he, with a great poAver both of Aloors and Christians, to take fi'oin us the spoils which we have so hardly won, and without doing battle we cannot be quit of them ; for if we should proceed they would follow till they overtook us : theretbre let the battle be here, and ' Nothing more than this incidental meHtion of this circumstance is to be found. K. 12<2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK I trust ill God that avc shall win more honour, and something to xj-y^ boot. They come down the hill, drest in their hose, with their gay saddles, and their girths wet ; we are with our hose covered and on our Galician saddles ; — a hundred such as we ought to beat their whole company. Before they get upon the plain ground let us give them the points of our lances ; for one whom cirfTgo?. we run through, three Avill jump out of their saddles; and Ra- chJ.deicid. mon Berenguer will then see Avhom he has overtaken to-day in cap 103. 106. ' the pine-forest of Tebar, thinking to despoil him of the booty /. 231. Avhich I have Avon from the enemies of God and of the faith. ofihegreat XVI. Whllc my Cid was speaking, his knights had taken thecidto- their arms, and Avere ready on horseback for the charge. Pre- tcard Don RammBe- seutlv tlicy saAv the pendants of the Frenchmen coming doAvn rengutr. ^ ^ i o the hill, and Avhen they Avere nigh the bottom, and had not yet set foot upon the plain ground, my Cid bade his people charge, which they did Avith a right good Avill, thrusting their spears so stiffly, that by God's good pleasure not a man Avhom they encountered but lost his seat. So many Avere slain and so many wounded, that the Moors Avere dismayed fortliAvith, and began to fly. The Count's people stood firm a little longer, gathering round their Lord ; but my Cid Avas in search of him, and Avhen he saAv Avhere he Avas, he made up to him, clearing the Avay as he went, and gave him such a stroke Avith his lance that he felled him doAvn to the ground. When the Frenchmen saAv their Lord in this plight they fled aAvay and left liim ; and the pursuit lasted three leagues, and Avouid have been continued farther if the conquerors had not had tired horses. So they turned back and collected the spoils, Avhich Avere more than they could carry aAvay. Thus Avas Count Ramon Beren- guer made prisoner, and my Cid Avon from him that day the good SAvord Colada, Avhich Avas Avorth more than a thousand marks of silver. That night did my Cid and his men make RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ns nierrv, rejoicing over their gains. And the Count was taken to BOOK my Cid's tent, and a good supper was set before him ; never- ^.^..^ theless he would not eat, tliough my Cid besought him so to do. And on the morrow my Cid ordered a feast to be made, that he might do pleasure to the Count, but the Count said that for all Spain he would not cat one mouthful, but would rather die, since he had been beaten in battle by such a set of ragged fel- lows ' . And Ruydiez said to him, Eat and drink. Count, of this bread and of this v.ine, for this is the chance of war ; if you do as I say you shall be free ; and if not you will never return again into vour own lands. And Don Ramon answered. Eat you, Don Rodrigo, for your fortune is fair and you deserve it ; take you your pleasure, but leave me to die. And in this mood he continued for three days, refusing all food. But then my Cid said to him, Take lawful for the land to rise against him, till he had amended the misdeed. And to all this the King accorded, and said to my Cid that he should go back into Castille with him ; but my Cid said he would not go into Castille till he had Avon that castle of Rueda, and delivered the villainous Moors thereof into his hands, that he might do justice upon them. So the King thanked him greatly, and returned into Castille, and my Cid remained before the castle of Rueda. And he lay before it so long, and beset it so close, that the food of the Moors failed, and they had no strength to defend themselves ; and they would willingly have yielded the castle, so they might have been permitted to leave it and go whither they Avoukl ; but he Avould have their bodies, to deliver them up to the King. When they saw that it must be so, great part of them came out, and yielded them- selves prisoners ; and then my Cid stomied the castle, and took Almoftilez and they who held Avith him, so that none escaped ; and he sent him and his accomplices in the treason to the King. chr.ddcui. And the King Avas right glad Avhcn they Avere brought before cap. no. j^j^^^^ ^^^^1 j^^ did great justice upon them, and sent to thank f. 233."'' my Cid for having avenged him. How the Cid XX. After my Cid had done this good service to King Don I'cdro Don Alfonso, he and King Zulema of Zaragoza entered Ara- prisonc%. gon, slaying, and burning, and plundering before them, and they returned to the Castle of Mouzon Avith gi'cat booty. Then the Cid Avent into King Abenalfange's country, and did much mischief there ; and he got among the mountains of Moriella, and beat down every tiling before him, and destroyed the Castle RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J of Moriella. And Kino* Zulema sent to bid him build up the ruin- BOOK cd Castle of Alcala, which is upon Moriella ; and the Cid did so. v^^v-w But King Abenalfange being sorely grieved hercat, sent to King- Pedro of Aragon, and besought him to come and help him against the Cani'peador. And the Kino; of Aragon o;athered together a great host in his anger, and he and the King of Denia, came against m}' Cid, and they halted that night up- on tlie banks of tiie Ebro ; and King Don Pedro sent letters to the Cid, bidding liim leave the castle which he Avas then edifying. My Cid made answer, that if the King chose to pass that way in peace, he would let him pass, and show him any service in his power. And when the King of Aragon saw that he would not forsake the woi'k, he marched against him, and attacked hin>. Tlicn Avas there a brave battle, and many Avere slain ; but my Cid Avon the day, and King Abenalfange fled, and King Don Pedro Avas taken prisoner'' , and many of his Counts and knights Avith him. My Cid returned to Za- ragoza Avith this great honour, taking his prisoners with him ; and he set them all freely at liberty, and having tarried in Zaragoza a fcAv days, set forth for Castille, Avith great riches and cap.'ui-' ' ruil or honours. /. 233. XXI. Having done all these things in his banishment, my //.„u;,e ow Cid returned to Castille, and the King received linn Avell, and TS'l"'" * TlieAragonian writers, not contented wiih denying this, insist that the Cid was taken prisoner. They rest upon the authority of the Historia del Mommterio de San Juan de la Peiia. This authority is both late and bad Berganza (L. 5. C. 37. §222.; quotes Zurita to show its worthlessness — Fetus rerum Jragonemiuin Author, qui ante C. C. annos, Regum facta composuit, in artijicio et opera quam tenui et exili, cum alias nullum adhibuisse diligeutiam videatur in recensendi reoni originibus, longe se et cateros omnes superat, scd falsa qiiasita propria gentis laus leviorem authorem facit. Such authority would be of little force, even if it were not opposed by the concurrent testimony of so many earlier documents. S J30 CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK Qave him tlio Castle of Ducnas, and of Orceion, and Ybia, and IV. , . . ^-^v^ Cainpo, and Cana, and Bcrviesca, and Bcrlanga, with all their districts. And he gave him privileges ^\■ith leaden seals appen- dant, and confirmed Avith his own hand, that Avhatever castles, towns, and places, he might Avin from the Moors, or from any one else, should be his OAvn, quit and free for ever, both for him and for his descendants. Thus Avas my Cid received into ca'p^us'.' ' the King's favour, and he abode Avith him long time,, doing him Clir. Cm. . 1 • T I f.isi. great services, as his Lord. HERE BEGINNETH THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. I. In these clays King Yahia reigned in Toledo, the grandson BOOK of King Alimavmon, who had been the friend of Kino- Don v^v^ Alfonso ; for Alimaj'mon was dead, and his son Hicem also. aC-'/^"- NoAv Yahia was a bad King, and one who walked not in the ;,«!C'(X". ways of his fathers. Insolent he was towards the elders, and cruel toAvards his people : and his yoke was so heavy that all men desired to see his death, because there Avas no good in him. And the people seeing that he did not protect them, and that theh lands were ravaged safeh^, went to him and said. Stand up. Sir, for thy people and thy country, else we must look for some other Lord who will defend us. But he was of such lewd cus- toms that he gave no heed to their words. And when they knew that there Avas no hope of liim, the Moors sent to the King of Badajoz, inviting him to come and be their protector, saying that they would deliver the city into his hands in spite of Yahia : And the Muzarabcs who dwelt in the city sent to Kmg Don ;J32 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Alfonso, exhorting him to win Toledo, which he mii>ht well do, ,.„rv^ now that he was no longer bound by his oath. Then both Kings came, thinking to lia^'e the city ; and the King of Badajoz came first, and the gates Avere opened to him in despite of Yahia. ITowbeit King Don Alfonso speedily arrived, and the King of Badajoz, seeing that he could not maintain Toledo against him, retreated, and King Don Alfonso pursued him into Ins own dominions, and gave orders that he should be attacked along the whole of his border, and did ]iot leave him till he had plainly submitted. In this manner was Yahia delivered from the King Garihay. of Badajoz ; but King Don Alfonso knowing how that city was c'hr.dcicici. to be taken, contented himself with overrunnins; the countrv, cap. 115. » • 1 T • '16. and despoilino- it, even to the Avails of the city; and thus he did Chr. Gen. . ■* * ' /. 234. ftji- four years, so that he was master of the land. iiowDicga II. In all this time did my Cid do good service to King Don liodrigncz ^ ^ "^ thesonofthe Alfouso. Aiid ill tlicsc days Kins: Don Alfonso fought at Con- Cid was J a » slab,. suegra with King Abenalfange of Denia, and in this battle the Christians were defeated * , and Diego Rodriguez, the son of my Cid, Avas slain. Greatly Avas his death lamented by the Chris- tians, lor he Avas a youth of great hope, and one avIio Avas be- ginning to tread in the steps of his father. And King Don Al- tbnso Avas fain to retire into the Castle of that toAvn. And iVbe- nalfange gathered together the greatest poAver of the Moois that he could, and entered the land of the Christians, and past the mountains, and came even to Medina del Campo, and there /^'asT"' Alvar Fanez IMinaya met him. IMinaya had but fi\'e and e.3o!' ' ■ twenty hundred horse Avith him, and of the INIoors there Avere /. 0. c. 14. fifteen thousand; nevertheless by God's blessing he prevailed Ch,:ge, than that when Don Cabrian, the Bishop of Leon, w*as earnestl}^ engaged in prayer for the success of the Christian arms, the glorious St. Isidro appeared unto him, and certified that in fifteen days the city should be surrendered ; and even so it came to pass, for the gates were opened to the King on Thursday the twenty-fifth of JNIay, in the year of the ffira 1123, Avhich is the year of Christ 1085. The first Christian banner which entered the city was the banner of my Cid, and my Cid was the first Christian Alcayde of Toledo. Of the terms granted unto the Moors, and how they were set aside for the honour of the Ca- tholic faith, and of the cumiing of the Jews who dwelt in the city, and liow the Romish ritual w^as introduced therein, this is not the place to speak ; all these things are written in the Chro- nicles of the Kings of Spain. \. Now Yahia, Mhcn he saw that he could by no means hold Toledo, because on the one hand the ]\Ioors would, give it to the King of Badajoz, and on the other King Don Alfon- so warred against it, he made a covenant with King Don Alfon- so to yield the city to him, if he with the help of Alvar Faiiez Avould put him in possession of Valencia, Avhich had belonged unto Ilicem and Alhnaj'mon, his fathers, but which the Guazil Abdalla Azis held now as his own, calling himself King thereof. And he covenanted that King Don Alfonso should also put into his hand Santa IMaria de Albarrazin, and the kingdom of Denia ; and the King assented to the covenant, thinking that in this manner the land would be all his own. Yahia therefore sent Abcnfaratj who Avas his cousin, to Valencia, to spy out RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. I35 what the Guazil would do, whether he Avould peaceably deli- BOOK ver up the kingdom unto him, or whether he would oppose „^^ his coming, which he greatly doubted, because it w-as m~ m'oured that he was about to give his daughter in mariage to the Kino; of Zaraooza. Abenfarat went his wa^', and took up his abode in the house of a jVloor who Avas called Aben- lupo ; and while he sojourned there the marriage of the Gu- azil's daughter Avas effected, and the Guazil himself fell sick and died. Then Abenfarat tarried yet awhile to see what Avould be the issue, for the men of Valencia Avere greatly troubled because of the death of their King. He left two sons, between Avhom there Avas no brotherly Ioac during his life,- and noAv that he was dead there Avas less. And they divided between them all that he had left, even the least thing did they divide, each being covetous to possess all that he could ; and they made tAVO factions in the town, each striving to possess himself of the power therein. But the men of Valencia Avho were not engaged on their side, and they also aa'Iio held the castles round about, Avere greatl}' troubled because of this strife Avhich Avas between them ; and they also Avere divided betAveen tAvo opinions, they Avho Avcre of the one Avishing to give the kingdom to the King of Zaragoza, and they Avho Avere of the other to yield themselves unto Vahia the grandson of Vlimaymon, because of the covenant Avhich King Don Alfonso had made Avith liim. When Abenfarat kncAV these things he returned unto Yaliia, chr.deiad. and tokl him all CA^en as it Avas ; and Yahia saAv that he should m. '^^' have the city, because of the discord which Avas therein. - ff'.'i^'."' VI. Then Yahia gathered together all his people, knights, uow vMa and cross-boAv men, and foot soldiers, and they of his board, M"^rX!dl and the officers of his household Avhich are the eunuchs ; and he set forward on the way toAvard ^^alencia, and Alvar Fanez and bis body of Ckristiaiis Avith him. And he sent to the townsmen J36 f'HRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK sji'eetino- tliom, and savins; that he was comino- to dwell amono- v.^v-w them and to be their King, and that he would deal bountifully by them ; and that he should Avait awhile in the town which was called Sera. The chief men of the town took counsel together what they should do, and at length they agreed to receive him for their Lord ; and this they did more in fear of King Don Alfonso and of Alvar Fanez than for any love to- wards him. This answer they sent him by Aboeza the Alcayde. Now Aboeza would fain have departed from Valencia Avhen the Guazil Abdalla Azis died, because of the strife which was in the city, and he thought to betake himself to his own Castle of Monviedro and dAvcll there, away from the troubles which were to come. Upon this purpose he took counsel with his friend Mahomed Abenhayen the Scribe, for there was great love betAveen them ; and Avhen the Scribe heard Avhat he pur- posed to do he Avas grieved thereat, and represented unto him that it Avas not fitting for him to forsake the city at such a time, so that Aboeza Avas persuaded. And they tAvain cove- nanted one to the other, to love and defend each other against all the men in the Avorld, and to help each other Avith their persons and possessions ; and Aboeza sent trusty men of his kinsfolk and friends to keep the Castles of Monviedo and Castro and Santa Cruz, and other Castles Avhich Avere in his possession, and he himself abode in Valencia. And noAv he went out , to Yahia to gi\'e unto him the keys of the city, and the good men of the city Avent out Avith him, and they made obeisance to hirii and promised to serve him loyally. Then Yahia, the grandson of Alimaymon, set forth with all his company from Sera, and all the people of Valencia, high and Ioav, AA^ent out to meet him Avith great rejoicings. And Aboeza adorned the Al- cazar right nobly, that Yahia and his Avomen and they of his company might lodge Avithin. The most honourable of his RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 13^ knights took up their lodging in the town, and the cross-boAV BOOK men and others of low degree lodged round about the Alcazar, .^,^Ji^ and in certain dwelhngs which were between it and the IVIosque, chr.deiad. and Alvar Fanez and the Christians who were with him, m the j34. village which was called Ruzaf. /-a^. VII. Yahia being noAv King m Valencia, made Aboeza ofthetai his Guazil, and save him authority throuo-hout all his kinodom. raucd/or Nevertheless he bore displeasure against him in his heart, thechru^ tians. because he had served Abdalla Azis; and on his part also Aboeza secretly feared the King, and knew not whether it were better to depart from him, or not ; howbeit he thought it best to remain and serve him rio'ht lovallv and well, that so he mioht win his good will ; and when the King perceived this, his anger abated and Avas clean put out of mind. And he made Aboeza- hb favourite, and made a vow unto him and confimied it by a Avriting, that he Avould never take away his favour from him, nor change him for another, nor do an}' thing in his dominions without him. With this was Aboeza satisfied, and the fear which he felt in his heart was removed. And they who held the castles brought gi-eat gifts to Yahia, with nuich hu- mility and reverence, such as the Moors know how to put on. This the}' did to set his heart at rest, that he might confide in them, and send away Alvar Fanez into his own country, and not keep him and his people at so great a charge, lor it cost them daily six hundred maravedis, and the King had no treasure in Valencia, neither was he so rich that he could support his own company and supply tliis payment; and for this reason the IMoors complained of the great cost. But on the other hand, Yahia feared that if he should send away Alvar Fanez, the Moors would rise against him ; and to maintain him he laid a great tax upon the city and its district, saying that it was for barley. This tax they levied upon the rich, as well a& T 138 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK tlie poor, and upon the great as well as the little, which they .,^,^^ held to be a great evil and breach of their privileges, and thought that by his fault Valencia Avould be lost, even as Toledo had been. This tribute so sorely aggrieved the people, that it became as it Aveie a bye word in the city, Give the barley. They say there was a great niastitf, with whom they killed beef in the chr.ddcid. shambles, who, whenever he heard, * Give the barley,' began to 13'.. bark and growl : vipon Avhich a Trobador said, 'I'hanks be to God, Chr. Gen. . ff. 'H2. ^ve have many in the town who are like the mastiff. HouYuHa YIW. AVhen they who held the Castles sent presents to King Muimuzot Yal'.ia, there was one among them, by name Abenmazot, who ill Xlllivu. I 1 1 -V r ■ 1 » 1 1 • ■ <• (VI lield Aativa, who neither sent him girts, nor came to otter obe- dience. And the Kino- sent to bid him come before him. ]?ut then Abenmazot sent a messeno;er Avith letttirs and full rich presents, saying that he could by no means come himself, and this not from any feigning, and that he would alway do him service with a true good will. And he besought him as his Lord to let him remain in Xativa, and he would give liim the rents thereof; but if it Avas his pleasure to appoint some other in his stead, he besought that he would then give him some- thing for himself and his company to subsist upon, seeing that he desired nothing but the King's favour to be AVell with hnn. 'J'hen the King took counsel Avith Abocza the Guazil, "and the Guazil advised him to do unto Abenmazot even as he had requested, and let lum keep Xativa ; and to send aAvay Alvar j'^anez because of the great charge it Avas to maintain "him, and to live in peace, and put his kingdom in order; in all Avhich he advised him like a 2:ood counsellor and a true. But the King Avould not give heed to him; instead thereof he com- municated his counsel to the two sons of Abdalla Azis Avho had submitted unto him, and Avhom he had taken into his fa- vour, and they told him that Aboeza had advised him ill, and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 139 that it behoved him to lead out his host and bring Abenmazot BOOK to obedience. And the King beheved them and went out and ,^^^1^ besieged Xativa. And the first day he entered the lower part of the toM-n, but Abenmazot retired to the Alcazar and the fortresses, and defended the upper part ; and the King besieged him there for four months, attacking him every day, till food began to fail both in the army of the King and in the town. And they of Valencia could not supply what was to be })aid to Alvar Faiiez and his company, much less Avhat the King want- ed. Then the King understood that he had been ill advised, and for this reason he condemned one of the sons of Abdalla Azis to pay Alvar Fanez for thirty days ; and he seized a Jew Avho was one of his Almoxarifes in Valencia, that is to say, one who collected the taxes, and took from him all that he had, because he had advised him ill, and while this lasted the '^^^p- '^^■ people of Valencia had some respite. ^ ^" IX. When Abenmazot saw that the King was bent upon How Me- •1" 11 11 1' 1 ^^^^'^'^i*^ destroying him, and that every day he prest him more and came to help more, he sent to Abenalfange who was Kmg or Dema and lor- tosa, saying, that if he would come and help him, he would make him Lord of Xativa and of all his other Castles, and Avould be at his mercy ; and this he did to escape from the hands of Yahia. When Abenalfange heard this it pleased him a\ ell, and he sent one of his Alcaydes, who was called the Left-handed, to enter the Alcazar, and help to defend it till he could collect a company of Christians who might deal with Alvar Fanez. So that Left-handed one entered the Alcazar Avith his com- pany, and the Lord of the Castle AA'hich was called Almenar, Avas already there to help Abenmazot, and encourage him that he should not submit. Then Abenalfange gathered together all his host and his cavalry, and brought Avith him Giralte the Roman, AA'ith a company of French knights, and came toAvards 140 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Xatlva, as a hungry lion goes against a sheep, ov like the com- ,.^„.^ ing of a flood in its hour ; so that Yahia was dismayed at the tidings of his approach, and fled as fast as he could to the Isle of Xucar, and though that Isle was so near, he thought he had done a great thing ; and from thence he went to Valen- cia, holding himself greatly dishonoured. Then Abenalfange had Xativa and all its Castles, so that it was all one kingdom as far as Denia. And he took Abenmazot with all his v/omen and his household and all that he had, to Denia, and gave him possessions there, and did him much honour. And when it was seen that King Yahia was thus dishonoured, and that Alvar Fanez had not helped him as had been looked for, they who held the Castles lost all fear of him, so that their hearts were changed towards him, as well they of ^"alencia as of the other Castles, and they said that they would rather belong to Aben- ^ , ,^.j alfanae than to him, because the town could not bear the chr Gen. chargc of tlie Christians, nor the oppressions which they suf- ^'"'^^' fercd because of them. nnu< Ah>,r X. Abenalfange abode some days in Xativa, and then moved Faiirz plun- _ _ deird the qj^ towards Valencia, thinkins; to win the city ; for he knew how country. ' o ^ greatly the people were oppressed because of the Christians, and that they could not bear it, and that there was no love between them and their Lord. And he passed by a place which was an oratory of the Moors in their festivals, which they call in Arabic Axera, or Araxea ; and he halted near Valencia, so that they in the town might see him; and he went round about the toAvn, to the rio-ht and to the left, Avheresoever he would. The King of Valencia with his knights was near the wall watching him, and Alvar Fancz and liis company were in readiness lest the French sliould defy them. And after Abenalfange had staid there awhile he drew off and went his way to Tortosa. And Yahia was perplexed Avith Alvar Fanez, and sought for means to RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 141 pay him ; and he threw the two sons of Abdalla Azis into BOOK prison, and many other good men of the town also, and took v,,^^-^ fi-om tliem great riches. Then he made a covenant with Alvar Fanez, that he should remain with him, and gave him great possessions. And when the Moors saw that Alvar Fanez was in such power, all the ruthans and lewd livers in the town tlocked unto him, so that Valencia was in the hands of him and his followers ; and the ]\Ioors being desperate of remedy deserted the town, and went whither they could, setting at nought their inheritances, for no man was safe, neither in his goods nor person. Tlien Alvar Fanez made an inroad into the lands of Abenalfange, and overran the lands of Buriana, and other parts ; and there went M'ith him a great company of those Moorish chr.dei.cid. desj)eradoes avIio had ioined him, and of other Moorish Al- jss. ^ Chr. Gen. mogavares ' , and they stormed towns and castles, and slew #• "«• " Miedes says that Almogavares means — Of dust — i. e. Men sprung from the dust of the earth ; or because, being the best of the army, they, in Arabic phrase, trod their enemies to dust. Bhileau explains it to mean men covered with dust, — lie is strangely mistaken in supposing them to be old garrison soldiers. Fr. Joam de Sousa, in his Lexicon Etymologico, makes it merely warriors or fighting men. An incursion into an enemy's country was called almogauria. Winter and summer they lay upon the bare earth, they consorted in the camp with none but their fellows, their manners were sullen like savages, they spake little, but when they went to battle were like wild beasts let loose, and kindled with joy. Winter and summer they wore the same dress of skins girt with a cord of esparto. Shoes, bonnet, and scrip, were of the same skin as their dress ; they carried sjjear, sword, and dagger, some of thein a mace, (porrimaza) and without any defensive armour attacked horse or foot, generally the horse. The Alinogavar, when a horseman ran at him, rested the end of his lance against his right foot, bent forward, and let the horse spit himself; — in a moment he was .upon the fallen horseman witli his dagger, or rather knife. If he could kill the man and save the horse, his reward was to become a horse-soldier himself, for they were as skilful when mounted as when a-foot. Tiie French in Sicily thought little of the Spanish men at arms, but stood in great fear of the Almogavares. Miedes, Historia del Rei/ D. Jai/me el Cou~ quidador. L. l\. C. 7. 142 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK many Moors, and brought away flocks and herds both of cat^ s,,,.^ tie and of brood mares, and much gold and silver, and store of wearing apparel, all which they sold in Valencia. Of the cove- XI. Now wlicn oiic of the sons of Abdalla Azis was loosed nunt which _ one of the from prisou, hc placed his love upon Alvar Fanez and gave hhn ''"'^tll S^®^'3^ gifts* and upon Aboeza the King's Guazil, and upon a ^'iliT' "^^^ ^^^ ^^'^^ ^ messenger from King Don Alfonso. And they all sent to King Don Alfonso to beseech him that he would take the son of Abdalla Azis and all that he had under his protection, so that Yahia might do no evil unto him, neither take by force from him any thing that was his ; and for this protection he promised to give the King thirty thousand maravedis yearly. This request King Don Alfonso granted, and incontinently he took him under his protection, and sent to the King of Valencia, to request that he would do him no wrong. Therefore the soi^ of Abdalla Azis was from that time held in more honour be- cause of the love of King Don Alfonso ; nevertheless he was still kept under a guard in his own house, that he shoukl not issue forth. And because of this confinement not thinking him- self safe, he made a hole through the wall and got out ])y night in woman's apj)arcl, and lay hid all the next day in a garden, and on the following night mounted on horseback and rode to Monviedro. AVhen the Guazil knew this he took his son and his unele as sureties for him for the thirty thousand maravedis, Avhich the Jew was now come to receive for King Don iVlfonso. And they went to Monviedro to him, and communed with him, and accorded with him that he should pay the one half imme- diately, and whenever he returned to Valencia and was safe there in possession of all his rents and inheritances, that then he should pay the remainder; so he paid the fifteen thousand forth - chr.ddcs. ^^itli ii^ silver, and in rings of gold, and in cloth, and in strings iX.'^*' of pearls, and the Jew returned therewith to King Don Alfonso. fliii."'' At this time his- brother Avas released from prison by desire of RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J^ o the King of Zaragoza, and he went unto him ; and many of the BOOK I'ich men of the city also betook themselves to IMonviedro, be- v,,^^ cause they were not secure neither in their possessions nor in their bodies. XII. In these days the Almoravides arose in Barbary. The nowMvar rise of this people and all that they did in Spain are not for me <-«ned awa, Jrnm f'aleii- to relate m this place. ■ Suffice it to say, that King Don Alfonso "«• being in great danger, sent for Alvar Fanez and all his company ; and that he had so much to do for himself that he took no thought for Valencia. And when they who had the keeping of Yahia's Castles saw this they rose against him, so that few remained unto him, and they of his A-assals in Avhom he put the most trust proved false, so that the heart of the King of Denia and Tortosa grew, and he thought to win Valencia. The chief persons of the town also sent unto him, saying that if he would come they would give the city into his hands. So he gathered together his host, and a company of French also, and sent them fonvard under the command of his imcle, saying that he would follow and join them on a certain day. But they went fonvard, and Yahia thinking that if he could conquer them he should be secure, went out and fought against them ; and he was defeated and lost a great part of his people and of his arms, and returned into the city with great loss. When Abenalfange, who was a day's journey off, heard this, he marched all nighty and came before Valencia. And King Yahia knew not what to do, and Avas minded to yield up the toAvn. And he took counsel with his people, and they advised him to send for help to King Don Alfonso, and also to the King of Zaragoza, and he did accord- ingly. And an AiTa\'az of Cuenca, whose name was Abencario, who was a native of Valencia, went to Zaragoza, and told the King that if he would go thither he Avould deliver the city into his "p' f^o^''^ 'hands, for it appertained unto him rather than to Abenal^mge. ^\'!ng.'"' 144 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, XIII. And in those days.my Cid gathered together a great force, and Avent to the borders of Aragon, and crost theDouro, and lodged that night in Fresno. From thence he went to Cala- mocha, Avhere he kept Whitsuntide. While he lay there the King of Albarrazin, being in great fear of him, sent to him requesting that they might meet. And when they sa^^ each other they established great love between them, and the King from that day became tiibutary to the Cid. 'J'hen the Cid went to Zaragoza, where he was full honourably received. And when, Abencano came to Zaragoza inviting King Almescahen to go and take Valencia, and King Yahia sent also to beg succour at his hands, the King asked the Cid to go with him, and gave him whatever he demanded. So greatly did this King desire to have Valencia, that he looked not whether his force was great or little, nor whether that of the Cid was greater than his own, but went on as fast as he could. When the King of Denia heard that he was coming and the Cid with him, he durst not abide them. And he thought that the King of Zara- goza by the Cid's help would win the city, and that he should remain with the labour he had undergone, and the costs. Then he placed his love upon King Yahia, and sent him all the food he had, and besought him to help him, saying that he would supply him with Avhatever he needed. King Yahia was well pleased with this, though he well understood the reason, ^^''Isk'''' ^^^'^ fi"^^ writings were made to this effect, and then Abenal- ff^.^ilg."' fange Avent to Tortosa. jy„„,/,^ XIV. And when the King of Zaragoza and the Cid drew rago-Jimld nigh uuto Valcucla, Yahia went out to welcome them, and "^iyThe" thanked them greatly for coming to his assistance ; and he " ^ lodged'them in the great garden, Avhich was called the Garden of ^'illa Nueva, and honoured them greatly and sent them great presents : and he invited them afterwards to come with their RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 145 Iionourable men. and be his ouests iu the Alcazar. But the King BOOK of Zaragoza all this while had his eye upon the town, thinking ^ that it would be given up to him as Abencaiio had promised ; but he saw no sign of this, neither knew he how he could win it. Moreover Yahia had jilaced his love upon the Cid, and had sent him full noble gifts when he Avas upon the road, in secret, so that the King of Zaragoza knew not thereof. And the King of Zaragoza asked counsel of the Cid how he might get Valencia into his hands, and besought the Cid to help him. But the Cid made answer, hoAv could that be, seeing that Yahia had received • it from the hands of King Don Alfonso, who had given it unto him that he might dwell therein. If indeed King Don Alfonso should give it to the King of Zaragoza, then might the King win it, and he would help him so to do ; otherwise he must be against him. When the King heard this he perceived hoAv the Cid stood m this matter : and he left an Alcayde with a body ^, , ,^ ^ of knishts to assist King Yahia, and also to see if he could win %f- ^'''^■ O - O '■ Chron. Gen. the town : and he himself returned to Zaragoza. ■^•^^'*- XV. Then the Cid went to besiege the Castle called Xerica, how count ^ , -, . llamoii Be- by advice of the King of Zaragoza, that he might have a fron- i-enguer *^ C7 o o came against tier against Monviedro. This lie did because, when the Kins; ^''''™"«- came to relieve \^alencia, Aboeza had covenanted to give up Monviedro unto him, the which he had not done ; and the King thought that if he made war upon these Castles they nuist either yield unto him, or be at his mercy, l^ecausc they did not belong to the King of Denia. But when Aboeza knew this he sent to Abcnalfange the King of Denia, sajang that he would give Invu the Castle ; and the King of Denia incontinently came and took possession of it, and Aboeza became his vassal. When the Cid saw tliis he understood that Valencia must needs be lost, and thouglit in his heart that he coukl win the city for liimseif, and keep it. Then sent he letters to King Don Al- u 14.6 CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK fonso, in ■which he besought him of his mercy not to think it ill v.^rvAv/ that the people who were with him should remain with him, for he Avould do God service, and maintain them at the cost of the Moors, and Avhensoevcr the King stood in need of their service, he and they would go unto him and serve him fi'eely ; and at other times they would make war upon the IMoors, and break their power, so that the King might Avin the land. AVell was King Don Alfonso pleased at this, and he sent to say that they who were in the Cid's company might remain with him, and that as many as Avould might go join him. And my Cid went to the King to commune with him, and while my Cid was with him, Don Ramon Berenguer, Lord of Barcelona, came to Zaragoza ; and the King gave him great gifts, that he might not place his love upon any other for want ; for the King had HOW put away his love from the Cid, thinking that because of him he had lost Valencia. And presently he scut a force to besiege Valencia under Don Ramon Berenguer ; and he had two Bastilles built, one in Liria, which King Yaliia had given him Avhen he came to relieve him, and the other in Juballa, and he thouoht to build anollicr on the side of Albuhera, so that none might enter into the city, neither go out from it. And he re- edified the Castle of Cebolla, that the Count might retire thither if it should be needful ; and every day the Count attacked the chr.jcicid. city, and King Yahia defended himself, looking for the coming I'sl'"^' of the Cid to help him, according to the covenant which was bc- Chr. Gen. , ff. 251. tween them. Of the cove- XVI. When the Cid returned from Castillo and knew that was made Valcucia Avas besieo;ed by the French, he went to Tares Avhich belu-een O ^ Kiag Yahia Jg ucar Mouvicdro, and encamped there with his iieople, who were many in number. And when the Count knew that the Cid Avas so near, he feared him, holding him to be his enem3^ y\nd the Cid scut to him to bid him mo\e from. that, place and raise RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J47 the siege of Valencia. The Count took counsel with his knights, BOOK and they said that they would rather give battle to the Cid. ,.^vv_< Howbeit the Cid had no wish to fight with them, because the Count was related to King Don Alfonso, and moreover he had defeated him and made him prisoner heretofore : so he sent a second time, bidding him depart. And the Count seeing that he could not al)ide there in the Cid's despite, broke up the siege and went his way by Requena, for he would not pass through Zaragoza. Then the Cid went to Valencia, and King Yahia received him full honourably, and made a covenant with him to give him weekly four thousand maravedis of silver, and he on his part was to reduce the Castles to his obedience, so that they should pay the same rents unto him as had been paid unto the former Kings of Valencia ; and that the Cid should protect him. against all men. Moors or Christians, and should have his home in \ alencia, and bring all his booty there to be sold, and that he should have his granaries there. This covenant was confirmed in wiiting, so that they were sectu'e on one side and on the other. And my Cid sent to all those who held the Castles, commanding them to pay their rents chr.ddaj. to the King of \'alencia as they had done aforetime, and they iTs/*^' all obeyed his com,mand, every one striving to have his love. f'isu"' XVII. When the Cid had thus set the land in order he Avent HowCount against the King of Denia, and warred against Denia and ^'lulagrc'u ■\r • 11 11 111 • 1 power of agamst XatiVo, , and Ire aoode there all the wmter, domo- m-eat frenchmen , O O againu the hurt, insomuch that there did not remain a wall standing from cirf. Orihuela to Xativa, for he laid every thing waste ; and all his booty and his prisoners he sold in \aleucia. Then he went towards Tortosa, destroying every thing as he went ; and he pitched his camp near unto the city of Tortosa, in a place which in Arabic is called Maurelet, and he cut down every tiling be- fore him, orchards and vines and corn. AVhen King iVbenal- J48 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK fancre saw that the land Avas thus destroyed, and that neither V . * • s,^^^-!^ bread, nor wine, nor tiocks would be left him, he sent to Count Ranion l^erenguer, beseeching him to gather together a great force, and drive the Cid out of the land, for which service he would oive him whatever he mioht stand in need of. And the Count, thinking now to be revenged of the Cid for his former defeat, and because he had taken from him the rents which he used to receive from the land of Valencia, took what the King gave him, and assembled a great host of the Christians. This was so great a power Avhen the Moors had joined, that they surely thought the Cid would fly before them ; for the Moors held that these Frenchmen were the best knights in the world, and the best appointed, and they who could bear the most in battle. AVIien the Cid knew that they came resolved to fight him, he doubted that he could not give them battle because of their great numbers, and sought how he might wisely disperse them. And he sot among the mountain vallies, whereunto the entrance was by a narrow strait, and there he planted his barriers, and guarded them well that the Frenchmen might not enter. 'Jlie King of Zaragoza sent to tell him to be upon his guard, for Covmt Ramon Berenguer would without doubt attack him : and the Cid returned for ansAver, Let him come. On the morrow the Count came nearer, and encamped a league off, in sight of him, and when it was night he sent his spies to view the camp of Ruydiez the Cid. The next day he sent to l)id hiin come out and fight, and the Cid answered, that he did not Avant to fight nor to have any strife Avith him, but to pass on Avith his people. And they drew nearer and invited him to come out, and defied him, saying that he feared to meet them in the field ; but he set nothing by all this. They thought he did it because cap? 155.' " of his Avcakness, and that he Avas afraid of them: but Avhat he J. «2. did Avas to Avear out their patience. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J^g XVIII. Then the Count sent a letter to the Cid after this BOOK: V fashion : I Count Don Ramon Bercnguer of Barcelona, and all v-^v^ my vassals with me, say vmto thee, Ruydiez, that we have seen whu-hCount T'* 41 I r ry 1*11 11 Ramim sent thy letter to Kmg Almescahen oi /aragoza, Avhich tliou tolclest untotheod. him to show unto us, that Ave might have the more cause of quarrel against thee. Before this thou hast done great displea- sure unto us, so that we ought at all times to bear ill will against thee. And now while thou hast our goods in thy possession as booty, thou sendest thy letter to King Almescahen, saying that we are like our wives. God give us means to show thee that we are not such. And thou saidst unto him, that before Ave could be Avith thee thou AAOuldst come to us ; noAV Ave Avill not alioht from our horses till Ave have taken vengeance on thee, and seen Avhat sort of Gods these mount^iin crows and daAvs are, in AA'hom thou puttest thy trust to fight Avitli us ; Avhereas Ave believe in one Gt)d alone, Avho Avill aive us vengeance agaiust thee. Of a tiuth, to-morroAV morning Ave Avill be with thee, and if thou Avilt leave the mountain and come out to us in the plain, then Avilt thou be, as they call thee, Rodrigo the Campeador. But if thou Avilt not do this, thou Avilt then be Avhat according to the custom of Castille is called alevoso, and hauzador according to the custom of France ; that is to say, a false traitor. And if thou Avilt not come doAvn from the mountain it shall not a\'ail thee, for Ave Avill not depart from hence till Ave have thee in our hands, either dead or alive, and Ave will deal Avith thee as thou hast done by us, and God m his mercy noAV take vengeance cap. ne. upon thee for his churches Avliich thou hast destroyed. /. 252. XIX. AVhen the Cid had read this letter he Avrote another o/theieiter in reply after this manner : I Ruydiez and my vassals : God save ad se,a m repiif, you Count 1 I have seen your letter in Avhich you tell me that I sent one to King Almescahen of Zaragoza speaking contume- liously of you and of all your vassals ; and true it is that I did ;150 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK so speak, and I will tell you for what reason. When you were <>^v^ with him you spake contumeliously of me before hini, saying of me the worst vou could, and attirmino- that I did not dare enter the lands of Abenalfange for fear of you. Moreover Ramon de Bajaran, and other of your knights who were with him, spake ill of me and of my vassals before King Don Alfonso of Castille, and you also after this went to King Don Alfonso, and said that you would have fought with me, and driven me out of the lands of Abenalfange, but that I was dismayed, and did not dare do battle with you ; and you said unto liim, that if it had not been for the love of him, you would not have suffered me to be one day in the land. Now then I say that I thank you because you no longer let me alone for the love of him. Come ! here 1 am ; this is the plainest ground among these mountains, and I am ready to receive you. But I know you dare not come, for Moors and Christians know that I conquered you once, and took you and your vassals, and took fi'om 3'e all that ye had Avith ye : and if ye come now ye shall receive the same payment at my hands as heretofore. As for what cap'ite^"^' thou sayest that I am a false ti-aitor, thou lyest, and art a false /.'asi/"' traitor thyself. HoiotheCid XX. Greatly was the Count enraged when lie read this cmntiia. Icttcr, aud hc took coimsel with his vassals, and in the night time took possession of the mountain above the camp of the Cid, thinking that by this means he might con (pier him. On the morrow the Cid sent away certain of his company as if they were ikying, and bade them go by such ways that the French miffht see tliem, and instructed them what to say when they should be taken. AY hen the French saw them, they pursued and took them, and carried them before the Count, and he asked of them what the Cid would do. Then made they an- swc that hc meant to fly, and had only remained that da\' to vwn RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. j^j put his things in order for flight, and as soon- as night came BOOK lie M'oiild make his escape bv Avay of the mountain. More- v.^^A-- over they said that the Cid did not think Count llamon had it so much at heart to give him battle, or he would not have awaited till his coming ; and the}' counselled the Count to send and take possession of the passes by which he meant to escape, for so he might easily take him. Then the Frenchmen di- vided their host into four parts, and sent them to guard the passes, and the Count himself remained with one part at the entrance of the straits. The Cid was ready with all his com- pany, and he had sent the Moors Avho were with him forward to the passes ^vhithcr his men had directed the Frenchmen, and tlie}' lay in ambush thei'e ; and when the Frenchmen were in the strong places, and had begun to ascend, little by little, astithey could, they rose upon them from the ambush and slew many, and took others of the Ijcst, and among the prisoners was Guirabeut the brother of Ciralte the Roman, who was Avounded in the face. And the Cid Avent out and attacked the Count, and the battle was a hard one ; the Count was beaten from liis horse, nevertheless his men remounted him, and he bade them stand to it bravely, and the battle lasted long time ; Isut at the end, he who was never conquered won the day. And the Cid took a good thousand prisoners ; among them w^as Don Bernalte de Tamaris, and Giralte the Roman, and Ricarte Guillen. And he put them all in irons, and reproached them saying, that he well knew Avhat his chivalry was, and his hardi- hood, and that he should thus beat them all down ; and he said to them that he Avas in God's service, taking vengeance for the ills Avhich the Moors had done unto the Christians, and had done them no Avrong ; but tlie}^ being envious of him, had come to help the ?*Ioors, therefore God had helped him, be- cause he Avas in his service. And he took their tents, and their 252 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK horses, and tlieir arms, which were many and good ; and muc!i «.,/-v>^ gold and sih'er, and fine hnen, and all that they had, so that he and all his company were rich men Avith the spoils. And when Count Ramon heard in his flight that the Cid had taken all his chief captains, and that well nigh all his power was either slain or taken, he thought it best to come unto the Cid and trust unto his mercy, and he came full humbly and put him- self into his hands. And the Cid received him full well and honoured him greatly, and let him go into his own country. And the Count offered a price for the prisoners which was a full great ransom, and moreover the swords precious above all others, which were made in other times ^. Bountiful was the Cid when he received this ransom, and great pait of it he re- chr.deicid. turned unto them again, and showed them great courtesy, and lis. they did homage to him never to come aoainst him with any Chr. Gen. . ® * #•253. man in the world. Of the death XXI. When Abenalfangc the King of Denia and Tortosa junge,and licard tliis, lic was so sorely grieved that he fell sick and died. Iww the Cid "^ ^ hecmemas- Hc left onc SOU who was a little one, and the sons of Euxar trr in the umd. ^vere his guardians. One of these held Tortosa for the child, and the other held Xativa, and one who was their cousin held Denia. And they knowing that they could neither li\e in ])eace, nor yet have strength lor war, unless they could have the love of the Cid, sent humbly to say unto him that if he would do no hurt to their lands they would do whatever he pleascjJ, and pay ' jE mas las espridas pnriatlas de todos, que. fncraii de ot.ro tempo. Berganza labours to prove that iliis \i not the fortuer story of the Count of Barcelona told over again, am! that the only oiior in the Chronicle is that of mistaking Beren- guer Ramon for bis brother Ramon Berenguer, — a mistake suiliciently easy But this circumstance of the swords makes against him, for Colada must: be meant, and Coluda is mentioned as pan of the spoils in the Ibnner battle. ■RODHTGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. J53 kim yearly what he should think o-ood. And the Cid demanded BOOK of them fift\' thousand maravedis of silver, every year : and the v.>-y7v covenant was made between them, and the whole country from Tortosa to Orihuela was under his protection and at his com- mand. And he fixed the tribute which each Castle was to pay, that it should be certain ; and it was as you shall be told. The Lord of Albarrazin was to pay ten thousand, according to cove- nant as you heard heretotbre, and the Loi'd of Alfiiente ten thousand, and Monviedro eight thousand, and Segorbe six thou- sand, and Xerica four thousand, and Almenara three thousand. Liria at that time paid nothing, for it was in the Lordship of Zaragoza; but the Cid had it in his heart to fight ^Wth that King. For every thousand maravedis a hundred more were paid for a Bishop, whom the Moors called Alat Almarian. And yoji are to know that whatever my Cid commanded in Valencia ■was done, and whatever he forbad was forbidden. And because the King wa« sick of a malady Avhich continued ujxjii hira long time, so that lie could not mount on horseback, and was seen by none, Valencia remained under the command of his Guazil Abenalfarax, whom the Cid had appointed. And then the Cid appointed trusty men in the city who should know to how much the rents amounted, as well those of the land as of the sea ; aixl in every village he placed a knight to protect it, so that none dared do wrong to another, nor take any thing from him. Each of these knights had three maravedis daily. And the people complained greatly of what they gave these knights, and of that also which they paid to King Yahia. Yet were they withal abundantly supplied with bread, and with flocks which the Christians brought in, and with captives both chr.ddCid. male and female, and with ^Moorish men and women, who gave i.T "' great sums for their ransom. ^''ais?'"' XXIL Then the Cid sent to the King of Zaragoza, biddino; J54 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK him yield up the Bastilles which he had built against "\^alencia ; v_.,^ and the King returned for answer that he would not until King veut\o ' Yahia had paid him the whole cost which he had been at, when n^Mrlgto he came to his succour against King Abenalfange. Then the ^"«. Cid besieged Liria, and the people submitted unto him, that they should pay him yearly two thousand maravedis. And he overran the whole of the King of ^aragoza's country, and brought great spoils to Valencia. Noav at this time a Moor called Ali Abenaxa, the Adelantado of the Almoravides, that is to say, of the Moors from beyond sea, came with a great power of the Moors of Andalusia to besiege the Castle of Aledo. Thi& he did because he knew that Kiiig Don Alfonso would come to its relief, and he thought that peradventurc the King Avould bring with him so small a force that he might sla}'^ or take hipi. But when the King heard of it he assembled a great host, and sent to the Cid, bidding him come and aid him. And the Cid went to Requena, believing that he should meet the King there ; but the King went another way, and the Cid not knowing this tarried some days in Requena expecting him, because that was the road. And when the Moors knew that King Don Alfonso was coming with so great a host to relieve the Castle, they de- parted, flyings And King Don Alfonso came to the Castle, and when he came there he found that he was short of victuals, and returned in great distress for want of food, and lost many men and many beasts Avho could not pass the Sierra- Nevertheless he cap^%o.' ' supplied the Castle well Avith arms, and Avith such food as he could. Hffu. /jng XXIII. Now they Avho hated the Cid spake leasing of him ianiAJX to King Don Alfonso, saying that he had tarried in Requena, r^ him to com© t© Castille, where he should find all things free ivhich appertained unto him. !Much was the Cid rejoiced at these tidings, and he wrote to the King thanking him for his grace, and licseeching him not to give ear to bad counsellors, ?i,i,,,- • Cir.delOd. tor he would alway be at his service. cap. 162. XXV. Now it came to pass, that by reason of certain affairs HowAbeni. the Cid tarried a long time in Zaragoza. And they of Valencia '^imoravida bemg no longer kept m awe by his presence, complained one to "i^"""' '''^ another of the oppressions and wrongs, wliich they endured from him and from his servants, and from Abenalfarax, the Guazil whom he had appointed ; and they conspired Avith an Alcayde who was called Abeniaf And when Abenalfarax the Guazil understood how Abeniaf cast about to disturb the peace of the city, he would have taken him and cast him in prison; but this he dared not do till the Cid should come, and moreover he weened that upon his coining the disturbance Avould cease. Now Abeniaf knew that the Guazil was minded to seize him if he could have dared so ta do, and he sent his messengers to Ali Abenaxa the Adelantado of the Almoravides, who was now Lord of Murcia, telling him to come to Valencia, and he would deliver the city into his hands. Moreover he took counsel Avith the Alcayde of Algezira de Xucar, that the Alcayde also should send to Ali Abenaxa, exhorting him to make good speed himself, or to send an Alcayde Avith a fitting power, and to come to Algezira, Avhicli was near, and then presently proceed to Valencia. So soon as Ali Abenaxa had received this message he made speed to come, and as many Castles as Avere upon his road submitted unto him. When the Alcayde of Deniii heard of his coming, and that all these Castles had submitted, he durst not abide there, but fled to Xativa; and Ali Abenaxa took possession of Denia^ and he 158 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK sent his Alcayde to Algezira de Xucar, and took possession of s^.^^ that also. When these tidings came to Valencia, the i^isliop- who was there, and the forty knights who were with the messen- ger of the King of Aragon because of the friendship between their King and the Cid, and all the other Christians who were in the city, would no longer abide there, but took of their goods each as much as he could, and went away in fear. And the Guazil was greatly dismayed, neither knew he what course to take, and Yahia the King, though he was now healed of his malady, neither mounted on horseback, nor appeared abroad. Abenalfarax Avent unto him and told him the peril in Avhich they stood. And their counsel was, that they should remove all that they had from Valencia and go to the Castle of Segorbe. Then they sent away many beasts laden with goods and with riches, under the care of a nephew of the Guazil and many others, to the Castle of Benaecab, that is to say, the Castle of the Eagle, to be in charge of the Alcayde thereof And the King and the Guazil bestirred themselves and gathered together foot soldiers and cross-bow men to defend the Alcazar, and sent speetlily to Zaragoza, telling the Cid to come ; but he could not set forth so speedily as need was : and the stir which was in the city en- dured for full twenty days. Then that Alcayde of Ali Abenaxa Avho was in Algezira de Xucar set forward in the first of the nidit with twenty horsemen of the Almoravides, and as many more of Algezira, all clad alike in green, that they might all be taken for Almoravides ; and they came by day-break to Valencia to the . gate of Tudela, and sounded their drums, and the inimour in^he toAvn was that there were full five hundred knights of the Almora- vides, and the Guazil was in great fear. And he went to the Alcazar to take counsel Avith the King, and they gave order that the ll'as?"' gates of the town should be barred, and that the Avails should be cap. 103. manned. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. j^g XXVI. Then the Kino's soldiers went to the house of Abeniaf B O OK V the Alcayde who had sent for the Almoravides, and called unto «^^-vk> him to come forth that they might take him before the King ; but dlZJw^ he was trembling in great fear, and would not come out. And Zliies. ™*" the men of the town came to his help, and when he saw the com, pany that were on his side, he came forth and went with them to the Alcazar, and entered it and took the Guazil of the Cid. And the townsmen ran to the gates and drove away those of the King's party who guarded them ; and they strove to beat the gates downs but they could not, and they set fire to them and burnt them. And othei*s let down ropes from the walls, and drew up the Al- moravides. King Yahia put on woman's apparel, and fled Avith his women, and hid himself in a dwellins; near unto a bath. And the Almoravides took possession of the Alcazar, and plundered it. One Christian they slew who guarded the gates, and another who chr. Gen. was of St. Maria de Albarrazin, Avho guarded one of the toAvers ^hrMcid. of the wall. In this manner was Valencia lost. 1T4.' ^' XXVII. Now when Abeniaf saw that all the people were on How Abca. his side, and obeyed him, his heart grew and he was puffed up, ^^"^"0 («"'" insomuch that he despised those who were as good as himself or better. Albeit he Avas of good parentage, for his fathers before him had all been Alcaydes ever since Valencia Avas in the hands of the Moors. And because he kneAv that the King had not fled out of the toAvn, he made search for him, and found him in the house Avhere he had hidden himself Avith his Avomen. Noav the King Avhen he fled from the Alcazar had taken with him the best of his treasures, pearls, among Avhich Avas one the most precious and noble that could be, so that no Avhere Avas there a better one to be found, nor so good ; and precious stones, sapphires and rubies and emeralds ; he had Avith him a casket of pure gold fidl of these things ; and in his girdle he had hidden a string of pre- cious stones and of pearls, such that no King had so rich and I 1^ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK precious a thing as that carkanet. They say tliat in former times ..^.^^ it had belonged to Queen Selcyda, who was wife to Alxinarrexit King of Beleab, which is beyond sea; and afterwards it hiul come to the Kings called Benivo3'as, who were Lords of Anda- lusia; after that King Aliniaymon of Toledo possessed it, and gave it to his wife, and she gave it to the wife of her son, who was the mother of this Yabia. Greatly did Abeniaf covet these treasures and this carkanet, and incontinently he thought in his heart that he might take them and none know thereof, which could no ways be done unless he slew King Yahia. Wlven therefore it ■was night he gave order to cut off his head, and to throw it into a pond near the house in which he had been taken. This Avas done accordingly, and Abeniaf took the treasures, and they who were set over King Yahia to guard him and murder him, took also each what he could, and concealed it. And the body lay -where it had been slain till the foUoAving day ; but then a good man who grieved for the death of his Lord took it up, and laid it upon the cords of a bed, and covered it Avith an old horsecloth, and carried it out of the toAvn, and made a grave for it in a place Avhere cavnels were Avont to lie, and buried it there, chr.G(n. ,yitUoiit sravecloaths and Avithout any honours whatsoever, as S.'^ei?"'' if the corpse had been Uie corpse of a villain. HERE BEGINNETH THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. I. When Abeniaf had slahi his Lord, as 3'ou have heard, he BOOK became haughty hke a King, and gave no thought to anything , ^'• save to building his own houses, and settins; guards round about ^'""'^*"'/°/ ^ ' 00 was greatly them by day and by night ; and he appointed secretaries who '"'^"^ "''• should write his secret letters, and chose Out a body from among the good men of the city to be his guard. And when he rode out he took with him many knights and huntsmen, all armed, who guarded him like a King ; and when he went through the streets the women came out to gaze at him, and shouted and rejoiced in him ; and he being elated and puffed up with these vanities, demeaned himself in all things after the manner of a King. This he did for the sake of abasing a certain kinsman of his, Avho was chief Alcayde, and who was better and Aviser than he. Moreover he made no account of the Alcayde of the Al- fijllee^"'' moravides who held the ^Vlcazar, neither took counsel with liim /. ass'' "' Y 1(]2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, . BOOK concerning any thing, and he gave no heed to him except to v.^^^;^ supply hini and his company with their charges, Avhich he did right sj)aringly. iioa'thecid II. But when King Yahia was slain, his servants and eunuchs to Abcniaf. and they of liis household fled to Juballa, a Castle which was held by a kinsman of the Guazil Abenalfarax, who lay in prison ; other some fled to Zaragoza, and told the Cid all that had be- fallen. The Cid was greatly grieved when he heard it, ancL A\ ithout delay he set forth with all his people, and went as fast as he could go to Juballa, and there they Avho had escaped from Valencia met him, and besought him to help them to revenge the death of their Lord, saying that they Avould follow him for life or for death, and do whatsoever he commanded them. Then the Cid sent letters to Abeniaf, saying disdainfully unto him, that by God's help he had kept his Lent well, and accomplished his fast with a worthy sacrifice by murdering the King his mas- ter! and he reproached him for the shame he had done the King in casting his head into the pond and letting the body be buried in a dunghill ; and at the end of the letter he bade Abe- niaf give him his corn which he had left in his granaries at Valencia. Abeniaf returned for answer that his granaries had all been plundered, and that the city now belonged to the King of the Almoravides ; and he said that if the Cid would serve that King he would do his best to help him that he might win his love. AVhen the Cid read this letter he saw that Abeniaf was a fool, for he had sent to reproach him for the death of his Lord, and the answer which he had returned was concerning another mat- ter ; and he then knew that Abeniaf Avas not a man to keep the power which he coveted. So he sent other letters to him, calling him and all who Avere with him traitors, and saying that he «p.'?67^ '''■ would never leave from making Avar against them till lie had /'"as?" taken vengeance for the death of King Yahia. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 163 III. And the Cid sent letters to all the Castles round abont, BOOK bidding them supply his host with victuals, and do it speedily, v^J^ or he would do all he could to destroy them. And there was Sge"f was none to gainsay him : and all obeyed his commands in this "^"'"'"''' matter, saving Aboeza Abenlupo, for he was a discreet man, and perceived w^hat was to come, and in what this was to end: moreover he feared that if he should not do as the Cid com- manded, the Cid would put him out of the world, and no one would be able to protect him ; and if he should do it, then he feared least he should be banished. So he sent to the Cid to say he would do his pleasure, and he sent also to Abenrazin, the Lord of Albarrazin, saying that he would give him Monviedro and the other Castles in his possession, and bidding him make his terms with the Cid, for as touching himself, he desired to have no dispute, but to come off with his company and his own person in peace. When Abenrazin heard this he was Avell pleased • and he went to Monviedro with all speed, and took possession of the Castle. From the time that King Yahia was slain till this time, was twenty and six days. And when Abenrazin had got possession of the Castle of Monviedro he came to the Cid, and established love with him, and made a covenant that there should be buying and selling between his Castles and the host, and that he would provide food, and that the Cid should not make war upon him. And upon this they made their writinos, which were full fast ; and Abenrazin returned to his own land, and left one to keep Monviedro for him ; and Abenlupo went with him, taking with him his Avives and his children and his people and all that he had, and he thought himself well off that he had escaped Avith his body, for he desired to have nothino' to do Avith the Cid. And the Cid lay before Juballa, and sent out his foragers towards Valencia twice a day ; one party Avent in the mornmg, and another toAvards night; and thej sIcav many VI. |(J4 CHKOiNlCLE OF THE CID, BOOK Moors, and made many prisoners, and made prey of all the riocks -which they found Avithout the walls ; nevertheless the Citl commanded that no hurt should be done to those of the land of Moya, nor to the husbandmen, but that they who laboured to })roduce bread and wine should be protected and encouraged ; and this he did thinking that what they raised would l)e lor l)im when he shoidil lay siege unto the town ; and he said this to his knights ami Adalides and Ahnocadenes, and took homage of them that they should obey him therein. All this time the Cid held that Castle besieged, so that none could enter in nor come out thereof; and it is said that terms had secretly been made with him to yield it up, but that it was so to be done that the other Moors might believe they had yielded from great necessity, for it was not stored so as to be able to hold out long. And while- the Cid lay before Juballa, all the spoil which his Almo- gavares took they brought to the host, and from the host it was i'krMCid. taken and sold at Monviedro. Many laden beasts came every i'o»'.' ■ day, and there was plenty in the host. HowtheCid lY. Abeniaf gathered togetlier the knights who were natives against Fa. of tlic city aud vassals to the King whom he had slain, and sent for others Avho were in Denia, so that in all they were three hundred knights, and maintained them with the bread Avhich was in the granaries of the Cid Ruydiez, and with the rents and possessions of those avIio had been the King's officers, and who were gone from Valencia, and with the customs ; from all these did he give these knights whatsoever they stood in need of. And he took no counsel with the Alcayde of the Almoravides concerning any thing which he did, neither with any one, nor did he care a jot for them. And when the Alcayde and the Almoravides saw that he made himself master in the city, and how every thing that he did was by his own will, they were offended therewith. The sons of Aboegib were offended also : Chr. ircn. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. |(35 and they and the Almoravides placed their love upon each other, BOOK and took counsel together against him, and became of one v^^^-l^ [)arty, and they bare great hatred against him, and he against them. All this while the Cid la}' before Juballa, and every day he scoured the country to the gates of Valencia, early in the morning, and at noon day, and at night, so that he never let them rest. And the three hundred knig-hts whom Abeniaf had collected went out against his foragers, with the men of the town, and the Christians slew many of them, so that there were lamentations daily within the walls, and wailings over the dead that were brought in. And in one of these skirmishes, a rich IVIoor was taken who was Alcayde of Acala, Avhich is near Tor- ralva, and they gave him grievous torments till he ransomed himself for ten thousand marks of silver ; and moreover he gave the houses which he had in A alencia, A\hich were called the houses ot Anava, to be theu's if peradvcnture the town should be "^ i^^- * , Chr. Gen. yielded up. /• "^^^ V. AVhen the Citl knew that there was great hatred between ^""''efia ^ offered to Abeniaf, and tlie Almoravides and the sons of Aboeaib, he de- "w'"'^*^- O ' maji who vised means how to set farther strife between them, and sent "^T'' '" ' send away privily to prot!er his love to Abeniaf on condition that tlicy f'def.'"'"''" should expel the Almoravides out of. the town; saying, that if he did this, he would remain Lord thereof, and the Cid would help him in this, and Avould be good to him, as he knew he had been to the King of Valencia, and would defend him. When Abeniaf heard this he was well pleased, thinking that he should be King of Valencia. And he took counsel with Abenalfarax the Guazil of the Cid, whom he held prisoner, and Abenalfarax, Avith the hope of getting out of prison, counselled him to do thus, and to accept the love of tiie Cid. Then sent he to the Cid, saying that he would do all winch he commanded to gain his love, and rap/i'o."^ lie began to stop the alloAvance of the Almoravides, saying that ^.257/"' IQQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK he could give them nothing, for he had nothing whereof to give; ,^^,.^ th.is did he to the end that they might go their way, for he lacked not means. HowAbenirf VI. At this time All Abenaxa, the Alcayde who was in sent threat treJurei to Dcnia, scnt to Abcniaf, saying unto him that he should send of the MiTama- ""''"• that treasure, and of those jewels which he had taken from King Yahia, to the Miramamolin beyond sea ; Avith the which he would gather together a great power, and cross the sea, and come against the Cid, to help the people of Valencia, and pro- tect them against the Cid, who did so much evil to them all. And Abeniaf took counsel with the men of Valencia concerning this matter, whether he should send this to the Miramamolin beyond sea or not. And the old men advised him that he should, and the others that he should not. And Abeniaf took the trea- sures, and hid the best part thereof for himself, for none knevr what it was ; and the rest he sent by his messengers, Abenalfarax the Guazil of the Cid being one ; and they took their departure from Valencia Avith great secresy, least the Cid should knoAV it and overtake them upon the road. But Abenalfarax devised means to let the Cid knoAv, and sent him a messenger. And the Cid sent horsemen to follow their track, who caught them, and took the treasure, and brought it to the Cid. Greatly did he thank Abenalfarax for having served him so Avell at that season, and putting the treasure into his hands, and he promised him goodly guerdon ; and he made him chief over all the Moors Avho were his subjects. At this time the Alcayde of Juballa yielded up the Castle to the Cid, and the Cid placed another therein, and went up with his host against Valencia, and encamped in a village Avhich is called Deroncada. And as the seed time was chr.dticii. now over, he burnt all the villages round about, and Avasted all *iu. ' that belonged to Abeniaf and his lineage, and he burnt the /.257. mills, and the barks which Avere in the river. And he ordered ciidia. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 267 the corn to be cut, for it was now the season, and he beset the BOOK city on all sides, and pulled down the houses and towers Avhich v^-J;^ were round about, and the stone and wood thereof he sent to Juballa, to make a town there beside the Castle. A'll. At this time there came the Guazil of the King of Howthecid Zaragoza to the host of the Cid, bringing with him great trea- urbofAi- sui'es which the King had sent for the redemption of the cap- tives, for ruth which he had of them, and also that he might have his reward from God in the other world. He came also to talk with Abeniaf and counsel him that he should give up the city to the King of Zaragoza, and the}' would send away the Almora- vides, and the King would protect him ; but Abeniaf Avould give no ear to this, and the Guazil said unto him that he would re- pent not having taken this advice. On the second day after this Guazil had arrived, the Cid attacked the suburb which is called \'\\\xi Xueva, and entered it by force, and slew many Moors, both men of Andalusia and^Almoravides, and plundered all that they found, and pulled down the houses, and the wood and stone the Cid sent to Juballa, and he set a guard there that the Moors might not recover the place. On the morrow the Cid attacked another suburl:), which is called Alcudia, and there Avere a great body of the Moors gathered together there. x4nd he sent a part of his host against the gate of Alcantara, bidding them attack the gate, while he fought against them in Alcudia ; and he thought that by God's mercy perad venture he should enter the town. And the Cid with his company rode among that great multitude of the Moors, smiting and slaying without mercy, and the Cid's horse trampled over the dead, and stumbled among them and fell, and the Cid remained afoot. Howbeit the}' brought him to horse again, and he continued smiting and laying on strenuously, so that the Moors were amazed at the gi-eat mortality which he made among them, and maugre all they IQQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK could do, were fain to fly into the town. And they whom he had <,J>J^^ sent against tlie gate of Alcantara, attacked it so bravely that they would have entered the city, if it had not been for the boys and the women, ^rho were upon the wall and in the to-svers, and threw down stones upon them. And this while the cry went forth in the city, and many horsemen sallied forth and fought with the Christians before the bridge, and the battle lasted from morning until mid-day, and Avhen they separated, the Cid re- turned to his cam J). And when the Cid had taken food, he re- turned after the siesta to attack the suburb of Alcudia; and this attack Avas so vigorous that they who dwelt therein thought the place would be forced, and they began to cry out, Peace ! peace ! being in great fear. Then the Cid bade his men give over the attack, and the good men of the suburb came out to him, and whatsoever terms of security they asked, he granted them ; and he took possession of the suburb that night, and set his guards therein ; and he commanded his people that they should do no wrong to them of Alcudia, and if any one oftended he said that his head should be smitten off: so he returned that night to the camp. And on the morrow he came there, and assembled together the Moors of that place, and comforted them much M'ith his speeches, and promised that he Avould favour them greatly and not oppress them, and bade them till their fields and tend their flocks securely, saying that he would take only a tenth of the fruit thereof, as their law directed. And he placed a Moor there named Yucef, to be his Almoxarife, that is to say, his Receiver. And he gave orders that all Moors Avho would come and dwell therein might come securely, and they also who would bring food thither for sale, and other merchandize. So much t:hr.dcicid. food and much merchandize were brought there from all parts, m.*''*' and that suburb became like a city, and there was plenty Chr. Gen. , /. 357. therem. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^Qg VIII. Xow when the Cid Ruydicz had gotten possession of BOOK the suburbs, he cut oft" from Valencia both the ingress and the L/ egress, and they of the town were greatly straightened, and knew it/ln?"-^ not what they should do, and they repented them that they had TheMmL- not listened to what the King of Zaragoza sent to counsel them, »«"/ °"U for they had none to help them ; and the Almoravides were in "' the like straight, for they had none to look to, and the pay which they were wont to receive failed, both to llicm and lo the other knights. All this time Abeniaf secretly continued his love Avith the Cid, for he had not departed from the promise which he had made him to send away the Almora\ ides, and put himself under his protection. And they took counsel too-ether in this distress, both the Almoravides and the men of the town, how they might obtain the love of the Cid, in whatever manner they could, so that they might remain in peace in the city till they had sent to the Miramamolin beyond sea, and received his commands ; and they sent to the Cid to say this. But he made answer that he would make no treaty with them till they had sent away the Almoravides. And they of the town told the Almoravides \\liat the Cid had said, and these Africans were well pleased, being full Aveary of that place, and said that they would go their Avay, and that it would be the happiest day of their lives, that, Avhcrcin they should depart. So the}' made their covenant that the Almoravides should be placed in safety, and that they should pay the Cid for all the corn which was in his granaries at the time when King Yahia was slain. And more- o^er the thousand maravedis per week which they Avere Avont to pay liim should be paid for the Avhole time Avhich they had been in arms, and also from that time forth. And that the suburb which he had Avon should be his ; and that his host should remain in Juballa so long as they continued in that land. And upon this capifa.''^ they made their Avritings, and confirmed them. And the Alrao- /! z Chr. Gen, ■jyQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK ravides departed from Valencia, and horsemen Mere sent uith ,,.^<>^ them, who conducted them in safety, and the INIoors of Valen- cia were left in peace. How juhai. IX. Tlien the Cid Avcnt with all his host to Juballa, leaving gre^auLn. nonc but sucli as v/cre to collect his rents with his Almoxarife. And Abeniaf cast aliout how he might pay the Cid for the corn, and also what else was to be given him. And he made terms with those who held the Castles round about \'alencia, that they should pay him the tenth of all their fruits and of all their other rents. Now this was the season for gathering in the fruit, and he appointed men in every place Avho should look to it, and see it valued, and receive the tenth ; a INloor and a Christian did he appoint in every place, who were to receive this, and to gather the corn also into the granaries : and this Avas done after such manner that the Cid had his tribute Avell paid. At this time came tidings to Valencia, that the Almoravides were coming again Avith a great poAver, and the Cid devised hoAV he might prevent' their coming, or if they came how he might fight against them. And he sent to tell Abeniaf to forbid them from coming, for if they should enter the toAvn he could not be Lord thereof, Avhich it Avas better he should be, and the Cid Avould protect him against all his enemies. Well Avas Abeniaf pleased at this ; and he held a talk with the Alcayde of Xativa, and Avith him Avho held the Castle of Carchayra ; and they agreed to be of one voice. And they came to A'^alencia, and the Cid came to his suburb; and they confirmed love Avith him in great secrecy. But he Avho had the Castle of Algezira would not be in this covenant with them, and the Cid sent parties into his lands, and did him much evil ; and the Alcayde of Juballa Avent against him, and cut doAvn all his corn and brought it to Juballa, Avhich the Cid had made a great toAvn Avith a church and Avith towers, and it Avas a goodly place ; and there he had his corn and his other things, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jy| and his rents were all brought thither, and it abounded with all BOOK things ; and men held it for a great mancl that in so short v_!Jl_, time he had made so great a town, which was so rich and so plentiful. And the Cid thought to have Valencia if the Almora- vides did not come, and for this reason did all that he could to cup.tf^"'' , , 1 . • ' Chr. Gen. prevent their comnig. /. us. X. At this time Abenrazin tlie Lord of Albarrazin cove- How the od nanted with the King of Aragon that the King should help upmAtLr- him to win Valencia, and he would give him great treasures ; and he gave him in pledge a Castle which is called Toalba. And in this which he did he gained nothing, but he lost the Castle. Now this Abenrazin had made covenant with the Cid, so that they were friends, and the Cid had never done hurt in his lands. And when he knew this that he had done with the King of Aragon, he held himself to have been deceived and dealt falsely with ; howbeit he dissembled this, and let none of his company wit, till they had gathered in all the corn from about Algezira de Xucar, and carried it to Juballa. When this Avas done, he bade his men make ready, and he told them not whither they were to go, and he set forward at night toward Albarrazin, and came to the Fountain. Now that land was in peace, and the dwellers thereof kept neither watch nor ward ; and his foragers slew many, and made many prison- ers, and drove gi'eat tiocks and herds, sheep and kine, and brood mares, and prisoners all together, and they carried away all the corn ; and they sent all the spoil to Juballa, and it was so great that Valencia and Juballa and all their depen- dencies were rich with cattle and with other thinos. AVliile the Cid lay before AlbaiTazin, as he one day rode forth with five of his knights to disport himself, there came twelve knights out of the town, thinking to slay him or take him. And he pricked fonvard against them, and encountered them so bravely that IJO CHRONICLE OF THE CM), BOOK he slew twain, and other twain he overthrew, so thai they were v.^^v-Ly taken, and th.c rest Averc put to tlight : but he remained Avith a wound in his throat tiom the jnish of a s.pear, and they thought chr.dciCid. ]jj^ -would have died ot" thai a\ ound ; and it v.as three weeks cap . I 7 ^ • i*259^"'' before it was liealed. HoioAicnmf XI. Now Came true tidings to Valencia that the host of the tent for Ihe . i i i t cid. Ahnoravides Avere coninig, and tiiat tliey Avere uoav at Lorca, and the son in hiAv of the Miramaniolin at tlieir head, for he himself coidd not come, by reason that he ailed. They of Va- lencia took courage at these tidings, and Avaxed insolent, and began to devise how they should take vengeance upon Abeniaf, and upon all those Avho had oppressed tliem. And Abeniaf Avas in great trouble at this Avhich Avas said ojienly concerning him, and he sent privily to tlie Cid, telling him to come as soon as might be. Tlie Cid Avas then before Albarrazin, doing all the evil that he could, and he brake up his camp and came Avitli his host to Juballa; and Abeniaf and the Alcaydes of Xativa and Car- chayra came vmto him, and they renewed their covenant to stand by each other, and be of one voice. And they took coun- sel and made a letter for the leader of the army of the Almora^ vides, Avherein they told him that the Cid had made a treaty Avith the King of Aragon, Avhereby the King bound himself to help him against them ; and they bade him bcAvare how he came towards Valencia, unless he chose to do battle Avith eight thou- sand Christian horsemen, covered Avith iron, and the best Avar- riors in the Avorld. This did they thinking that he Avould be sap. 176. dismayed and turn Ijack : but the Moor did not cease to ad- Chr. Gtn. -^ . /• "s- vance, notAvithstanding this letter. ihwthccii XII. There Avas a warden nio-h unto Valencia Avhich had be- iaftoghe longed to Abenalhazis, and the Cid asked Abeniaf to give it him, hiin a gar- ^ ^ ^ ^ '^"'- that he might lake his pleasure there Avhen he Avas disposed to solace himself. This he did cunningly, tliat Avhen the Almora- RODRIGO DIAZ 1)E BIVAR. ' i-7'> 1 / o viiles heard how this warden had been oiven him wliich was so BOOK nigh unto the city, they should ween that the men of Valencia „X}^ had given it, and tha* they were better pleased Avith his com- pany than with theirs. libeniaf granted it. And the Cid was wary, and would not enter it till a gateway had been opened into the garden, for the entrance was through narrow streets, and the Cid wou'd not trust himself in those strait places : so Abeniaf ordered the gate to be made, and told the Cid that he would be his host on a day appointed. And Abeniaf bedecked the gate of this garden full richly, and spread costly carpets, and ordered the way to be strewn witli rushes, and made a great feast, and exj^ected him all the day, but he did not come. And when it was night he sent to say that lie was sick and could not come : and he prayed him to hold him excused. This he did to see Avhether they of Valencia would murmur against him. And the sons of Aboegib and all the people murmured greatly, and woidd fain in their hearts have risen against Abeniaf, but they durst not because of the Cid, Avith Avhom they would not tall out least he should lay waste all that Avas without the Avails. And they looked daily for the Almoravides, and one day they said, Lo ! noAv they are coming : and on the morroAV they said. They are coming not. And in this manner some days past on. And the murmur Avhich there had been concernino; the garden died away; and then the Cid entered it, and took possession of ekr.deiad. the Avhole suburb of Alcudia round about it : and this he did Tys. peaceably, for the Moors and Christians dwelt there together. / 259. _ XIII, NoAv came true tidings that the host of the Almora- iiowthey vides, which was at Lorca, was coming on through Miircia, and took courage ■" becaust of that tne tarriance Avhich they had made had been bv reason of "'•^"W"""^'' _ ' 'if the Jlmo- their Captain, Avho had fallen sick, but he Avas now healed, '■""''"'• and tlicy Avere adA^ancing fast. And the sons of A boe alb and great part of the people rejoiced in these tidings, and took jy^ CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK heart: and Aheniaf was in great fear, and he began to excuse .Ji^ himself to the men of the town, and said unto them to pacify them, that they did him wrong to eoniplai*; of him for the garden Avhich the Cid had asked of him, inasnmch as lie had only given it him to disport himself therein for some days and take his pleasure, and that he would make him leave it again when- ever it should please them. Moreover he said, that seeing they were displeased with what he had done, he would take no farther trouble upon him ; but would send to break off his cove- nant with the Cid, and send to bid him look out for others to collect his payments, for he would have the charge no longer. This he said in his cunning, thinking that he should pacify them ; but they understood his heart, and they cried aloud against him that they would not stand to his covenant, nor by his coun- sel, but that the sons of Aboegib should counsel them, and whatsoever they should think good, that would they do. And they gave order to fasten the gates of the town, and to keep watch upon the towers and walls. When Abeniaf saw this he ceased to do as he had been wont for fear of the people and of chr.ddcid. the sons of Aboegib, and took unto himself a greater company 179 to be his guard. And the war was renewed between the Cid Chr. Gen. ° f- ^^°- and the people of Valencia. Of the great XIV. Now camc true tidings that the host of the Almoravides uind which was nigh unto Xativa ; and the people of Valencia were glad Mmoravides aud rejoiccd, for they thought that they were now delivered from •e (urn back. . ]/• i • ri/^-iAi their great misery, and from the oppression of the Cid. And when he heard these tidings he left the garden and went to the place where his host was encamped, which was called Xarosa, and remained there in his tents, and he was at a stand what he should do, whether to abide the coming of the Almoravides, or to depart ; howbeit he resolved to abide and see what would befall. And he gave order to break down the bridges and open RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jy^ the sluices, that the plain might be flooded, so that they could BOOK only come by one way, which was a narrow pass. Tidings now v.^rv-0 came that the host of#the Almoravides was at Algezira de Xucar, and the joy of the people of Valencia increased, and they went uj)on the walls and upon the towers to see them come. And when night came they remained still upon the walls, for it was was dark, and they saw the great fires of the camp of the Almo- ravides, which they had pitched near unto a place called Bacer ; and they began to pray unto God, beseeching him to give them good speed against the Christians, and they resolved as soon as the Almoravides Avere engaged in battle with the Cid, that they would issue forth and plunder his tents. But our Lord Jesus Christ was not pleased that it should be so, and he ordered it after another guise ; for he sent such a rain that night, with such a wind and flood as no man living remembered, and when it was day the people of Valencia looked from the wall to see the banners of the Almoravides and the place where they had en- camped, and behold they could see nothing: and they were full sorrowful, and knew not what they should do, and they remained in such state as a woman in her time of childing, till the hour of tierce, and then came tidings that the Almoravides had turned back, and would not come unto Valencia. For the rains and floods had dismayed them, and they thought the waters would have swept them away, and that the hand of Ciod was against them, atid therefore they turned back. And when the people of Valencia heard this they held themselves for dead men, and they wandered about the streets like drunkards, so that a man knew not his neighbour, and they smeared their faces with black like unto pitch, and they lost all thought like one who falls into the waves of the sea. And then the Christians drew nigh chr.detcid unto the walls, crying out unto the Moors with a loud voice like Jgo/"' thunder, calling them false traitors and renegados, and saying, j. ico" |-'(3 cnnoxicLE of the cid, BOOK Give up the town to the Cid Ruydiez, for yc cannot escape ^>rv-L/ fi'om him. ^Vnd the JMoors Avere silent, and made no reply be- cause of their ereat misery. . o/thegreat 'KV . Tiicn Abcualfarax, aMoor of Valencia, he who wrote this price of food _, -ai* i /^it'ii'i • ^ inraiencia, liistory ui Arabic, took account or tiie rood Aviuch was m tne suburbsviere citv, to sec liow louo; it could hold out. And he says that the destroyed. , i , • , 'i • - cajiz of Avneat was valued at eleven maravedts, and the cajiz ot barley at seven maravedis, and that of pulse or other grain at six ; and the arroha of hone}' at fifteen dineros ; and the arroba of carobs^ the thiid of a rnaravedi, and the arroba of onions two thirds of a rnaravedi, and the arroba of cheese two maravedis and a half, and the measure of oil which the Moors call maron, a rnaravedi, and the quintal oi ^\g% five maravedis, and the pound of mutton six dineros of silver, and tire pound of beef four. These maravedis were silver ones, for no other money was current among them. The ]\Iobrs who dwelt in the suburbs car- ried all the best of their goods into the city, and the rest they buried. And when the Cid was certain that the Almoravides were not coming, he returned again to lodge in the garden, and gave order to spoil the suburbs, save that of Alcudia, because the inhabitants of that had received him without resistance : and the Moors fled into the city with their wives and children. And Avhen the Christians began to plunder the suburbs they of the town came out and plundered also those houses which were nearest unto the walls, so that every thing was carried away and nothins; but the timbers left : and then the Christians took that to build them lodgments in the camp ; and when the Moors saw this they came out, and carried away wdiat timber they ' Akarchofas — artichokes, the Chronica del Cid has it; this cannot have been a common article of food. The Chronica General substitutes the right word. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 277 could into the city. And the Christians pulled down all the BOOK houses, save only such as could be defended with arrows, and ^^• these which thej- dared not pull doAvn they set fire to bv nioht. And when all the houses had been levelled thev beoan to dio- in the foundations, and they found great wealth there, and store of garments, and hoards of wheat ; and when the Cid saw this he ordered them to dig every Avhere, so that nothing midit be lost. And when all had been dug up the Cid drew nearer to the city, and girt it round about, and there was lighting every day at the barriers, for the JMoors came out and fought hand to hand, and many a sword-stroke was given and many a push with the spear. AVhile the Moors were thus beleagered came letters from the Captain of the Almoravides, saying that he had not turned back to Algezira de Xucar for fear, nor for cowardice, neither as one who fled, but for lack of food, and also by reason of the waters ; and that it was his set purpose at all events to succour them and deliver them from the oppression which they endured, and he was preparing to do this Avith all dihgence. And he bade them take courage, and maintain the city. And Avhen the Moors of Valencia heard these letters they took heart, and joined with the sons of Aboegib, and their resolve was that they would be firm and maintain the city. And they said that Abeniaf had made the Almoravides retreat, because he had told them that there was discord in the town. And Abeniaf kept great watch, having a great guard to secure him, least the chr.deicid. people should attempt aught against him. And the price of all iri/""" things in Valencia was doubled. /'"aeu^"' XVI. Then the Cid drew nearer to the walls, so that no man Ho«the could either enter in or issue out, but Avhosoever attempted it itZltZ Avas either slain or taken. And he gave orders to till all the ct«(^!" lands Avhich lay round about Alcudia, for this was noAV become a great place, even like a city, and the Moors Avho dAvelt there 2 A 178 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B GO K Av ere safe ; and tents and shops were made there for all kinds >-.i-,-^ of merchandize, and merchants came there safely from all parts to bny and to sell, so that they Avho dAvclt there were greatly en- riched. And justice was administered to all fnll righteously, so that there was none who could complain of the Cid nor of his Almoxarifc, nor of any of his people; and the IMoors were judged by their own law, and were not vexed, and he took from them only a tenth. Now came true tidings from Denia that the Almoravides had returned into their own country, and that there was no hope of succour at their hands. And Avhcn they of A'alencia heard this they were greatly troubled. And they who held the Castles round about came humbly to the Cid, to place their love upon him, and besought him that he Avould accept tribute from them, and have them under his protection ; and he gave orders that they might travel the roads in peace : and in this manner his rents increased, so that he had plenty to give. And he sent to them who held the Castles, bidding them provide him with cross-bow men, and foot soldiers, to fight against the city ; and there was none who dared disobey his bidding, and they sent him cross-bow men and foot-men in great numbers, with their arms and provisions. Thus was Valencia left desolate, and forsaken by all the Moorish people ; and it was attacked every da}^ and none could enter in, neither could vap.'ia-i. any come out; and they were sore distressed, and the Avaves of f. 2C1. death compassed them round about. Of the la. XVII. Then was there a Moor in the city Avho was a learned which oas man and a Avise, and he went upon the highest tower, and made made for Valencia, a lamcutatlon, and the words with which he lamented he put in writing, and it was rendered afterwards from the Arabic into the Castillian tongue, and the lamentation Avhich he made Avas this : RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. -jyo Valencia! Valencia! trouble is come upon thee, and thou BOOK art in the hour of death ; and if peradventure thou shouldst Jj^ escape, it will be a wonder to all that shall behold thee. But if ever God hath shown mercy to any place, let him be pleased to show mercy unto thee ; for thy name was joy, and all j\Ioors delighted in thee and took their pleasure in thee. And if it should please God utterly to destroy thee now, it will be for thy great sins, and for the great presumption which thou hadst in thy pride. The four corner stones whereon thou art founded would meet together and lament for thee, if they could ! Thy strong wall which is founded upon these four stones trem- bles, and is about to fall, and hath lost all its strength. Thy lofty and fair towers which were seen from far, and re- joiced the hearts of the i)eople, . . little by little they are falling. Thy white battlements which glittered afar off, have lost their truth with which they shone like the sunbeams. Thy noble river Guadalaver, with all the other Avaters with which thou hast been served so well, have left their channel, and now they run where they should not. Thy water courses, which were so clear and of such great profit to so many, for lack of cleansing are choked with mud. Thy pleasant gardens which were round about thee ; . . the ravenous wolf hath gnawn at the roots, and the trees can yield thee no fruit. 'ITiy goodly fields, with so many and such fair flowers, wherein thy people were wont to take their pastime, are all dried up. Thy noble harbour, which was so great honour to thee, is deprived of all the nobleness which was wont to come into it for thy sake. The fire hath laid waste the lands of which thou wert called Mistress, and the great smoke thereof rcacheth thee. 180 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B O O K There is no medicine for thy sore infirmity, and the physicians v^^v-^ despair of heahng thee. Valencia! Valencia! from a broken heart have I uttered all these things Avhich I have said of thee. And this grief would I keep unto m3^self that none should ff. -20-2. know it, if it were not needful that it should be known to all ^ How they of XVIII. Now all tlic troublc and distress which the men of their trust Valencia endured, pleased Abeniaf well, because they had for- again in ^ Abeniaf, sakcn him and followed the sons of Aboegib ; and he said that it did not jjehove a man to give advice unto those Avho would not listen to it, and that if the people had hearkened to him they would not have been brought to this misery ; and what evil they endured Avas because of the sons of Aboegib, who lacked wit to be well with any one, or to do any thing. These things Abeniaf said daily to all who came to visit him : so that the people great as well as little began to talk thereof, saying that Abeniaf spake trulj'. And the Christians fought against them every day, and prcst them close, and the price of food increased daily : and they AvithdrcAv themselves from the love of the sons of Aboegib, and thought that they had been ill advised to follow their counsel, and that because of them all this evil was come upon them, ' The Chronica del Cid contains only four verses of this lamentation,., which is I think, beyond a doubt, Arabic. In the Chronica General, which gives the whole, a long gloss follows allegorizing away all its beauty and all its passion ; in w hich one of tlie corner stones is made the King, a second his son, a third the King of Zaragoza, and so on, for more than two pages, in the same insipid stile. Berganza, in a sneer at the Chronica General, praises the Chronicler of the Cid for not having inserted this curious poem. ' El Recopilador de la Curonica del Cid no fue tan ajicionado a lienor su historia de sucessos celebrados por poetas.' RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAU. J3J and they held them for fools. And the people cried out upon BOOK Abeniaf that he should forgive them for having forsaken him, and .^^^ that he should protect them, and devise means for their deliver- ance from this great trouble. And x'Vbeniaf said that he would have nothing to do with them more than as one of them ; for if they were in trouble, so was he : and Avhat they stood in fear of, that did he fear also ; and that he could not give counsel to men who were divided among themselves ; and he said unto them that they must agree among themselves, and be all of one mind to do one of these two things ; . . either to forsake the sons of Aboegib and their counsel, or to stand by it. And when he should see that they no longer opposed him with their evil counsels and the bad way in which they were going on, that he would then take counsel for them in such guise that they should be at peace ; for they knew how they had sped so long as they let him direct them, and he ti-usted in God so to speed as that they should have no war with the Cid, neither with any other. And they made answer with one accord that they would trust in him and obey him, and do all which he should command, for it had alway been well with them when they cllp'fsi."'' followed his advice. ff-m!"' XIX. Then the men of Valencia made Abeniaf their Ade- HowAbemaf lantado, and promised to abide by his counsel ; howbeit this ofAbolgT' could not lightly be done, for many of the people held Avith edihemV the others. And when Abeniaf saw that they would have him for their chief, he said that they should make a writing, and the chief persons of the town confirm it with their names ; and the people accorded that it should be so, and it was done ac- cordingly. Then he made offers to the Cid that they should pay him tribute, and took counsel with him hoAv to put the sons of Aboegib, and those who held Avith them, out of the town ; and their counsel was, that tiie Cid should draw nigh 132 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B O O K to the walls, and speak unto the men of the town, saying, that .^..^^ so long as they followed after the Avays of the sons of Aboegib, he Avould never grant them his love ; and that all the evil Avhich he did unto them was because of them, and because they were guided by them and by their evil counsel. And if they desired to speed well they should send away the sons of Aboegib, and take Abeniaf to be their chief, and give ear unto him. And the Cid came nigh imto the Avails and said these things, and moreover that he had great ruth for them, for he loved them Avell ; and if they Avould do according to his Avords he Avould help them and protect them, as he had been Avont to do in the days of King Yahia ; and he bade them look Avell to Avhat they Avere doing, and not suffer themselves to be brought to destruction. And Abeniaf also said these things to those of his household and to all those Avho talked Avith him, and asked of them Avhy they would let themselves be brought to destruction by the counsel of foolish men and unAvise. And this he said so often that they thought it Avas truth, and they besought him that as he Avas their Adclantado noAv, he Avould devise means for their deliverance, and Iioav they might live in peace ; and he made ansAver that they Avere not to think he had forgotten this, for he had labovu'ed greatly Avith the Cid to obtain his love for them, but the Cid had sAvorn that they should never have his love till they had put the sons of Aboegib out of the town ; Avlien they had done that, he Avould do Avhatsoever they should think good, but till they had done it there should be no covenant be- tAveen him and them. But when the men of the toAvn heard this they murmured gieatly, and said that he demanded a hard thing, and that it Avere better they should all die than do this ; and they talked concerning this matter three days, be- ing in doubt what the}^ should do. And Avhen Abeniaf saAv that the people Avere thus at a stand, he took counsel privily RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIV'AR, jgo •with the Cid, and with the knights, and the good men who BOOK were on his side, how he might take them. And one of the ^'' cliief pei-sons of Abeniaf's household went out with a oreat company of horse and foot to seize the sons of Aboeoib : and they when they knew this, took shelter in the house of an Alfa- qui, that is to say, one learned in the law, Avho was held in much honour by the ]\roors ; and in this house, which was surround- ed Avith an embattled Avail, they thought Avith the httle com- pany that they had Avith them, to defend themselves, till the cry could go forth through the city, and their friends come to their succour. And they Avho Avent to take them set fire to the outer gates, and many of the baser sort gathered toge- ther to see Avhat the stir Avas. And they ascended the roof and threw doAvn tiles upon the assailants till they made them take shelter under the eaves, and then the house Avas forced, and they plundered all that they could find, and laid hands on the sons of Aboegib and earned them to prison. All this Avas done before the cry could go forth through the toAvn ; and all the kinsmen of the sons of Aboegib Avere taken also : they were kept that day in prison, and Avhen it was night they Avere chr.^ticid. taken to the Cid, to his lodging in Alcudia, and delivered into i«/"' 1-1 J Chr. Gen. nis nanus, f. ^e*. XX. On the morrow there was a great stir among the men mwAbeniaf of the town, and they were greatly troubled at this foul thing ZlZad. Avhich Abeniaf had done. But Abeniaf thinking that he should Zttlno't'' noAv haA^e his desire, and that all Avas done, took horse and ternJui rode forth Avith all his company to the Bridge-end, to see Ruy- diez the Cid. And the Bishop, as he Avas called, of Albarrazin, came to meet him Avith a great company of knights, being the chiefs of the company of the Cid, and they did great honour un- to him, thinking that he would giA-e them something. And they brought him to the lodging of the Cid, Avhich Avas in the Garden hick were made. Ig4 . CHRONICLE or THE CID, BOOK of the New Town ; and the Cid came out to meet him at the .^,-,^ garden gate, and emlDraced him, and made much of him. And the first thing Avhich he said, was, to ask him why he had not put on kingly garments, for King he Avas : and he bade him take off the coif which he wore, for it was not what beseemed him now, and made semblance as if he would have held his stirrups. And they stood talking aAvhile. Now the Cid thought that Abeniaf would not come to him with empty hands, and looked that he should give him of the treasures and jewels that he had taken from King Yahia whom he had slain ; but wiien he saw that he brought nothing, then began the Cid to talk of terms, and said unto him that if he desired to have his love, and that there should be peace between them, he must divide with him the rents of the town, as Avell what was collected Avithin as Avithout, and that he Avovdd have his OAvn Almoxarife to see to this and collect his share. And Abeniaf made ansAA er that it should be so. And the Cid demanded of him his son as host- age, that he might keep him in Juballa, for otherAvise he said he could not be secure. And Abeniaf agreed to this also ; so they parted for that day, having appointed that they should meet on the morroAv, and confirm this covenant by Avritings so that it should be good. Then Abeniaf returned into the city, full sorroAvful and taking great thought ; and then he saAv the fool- ishness that he had done in sending aAvay the Almoravides out of the land, and in putting his trust in men of another law. And on the morrow the Cid sent for him that he should come out and confirm the covenant ; but Abeniaf sent him Avord that he would not give him his son, even though he kncAv he should lose his head for refusing. And the Cid sent him a letter Avith great threats, saying, that since he had thus deceiA'ed liim, there should never more be love between them, nor Avould he ever believe aught Avhich he should say. And then the hatred RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. iS5 between tbem Avaxcd very great. And the Cid sent unto that BOOK Moor who had taken the sons of Aboegib and bade him leave v^^^ the town, and go unto the Castle which Avas called Alcala ; and be obeyed and Avent thither, for he dared not do otherwise than as the Cid commanded. And he did oreat honours to the sons of Aboegib and to their kinsmen, and gave orders that they should be provided with all things which they needed, and gave them garments, and promised that he would be their great friend. At this time three good men of Valencia died, who were the most honourable of the town and of the most discretion, and cap.ise.' ' Abeniaf was left as Chief, for there was none to gainsay him. / 264. XXI. And the Cid made war afresh upon the city as cruelly o/ the pride 1 11 11 • r 1 ^ 1 • "'*^ ti/ratnii^ as he could, and the price ot bread was now three times as great of Ah^nhf ■. ■ , . and hoic the as it had been at the beginning ; the load of wheat Avas worth an pnccoffood ^ ^ waxed mort hundred maravedis of silver, and the pound of flesh Avas a J7ia- '""'■ ™'"- ravedi. And the Cid drew nigh unto the Avails, so as to fight hand to hand Avith the toAvnsmen. And Abeniaf Avaxed proud and de- spised the people, and Avhen any Avent to make complaint before him, and ask justice at his hands, he dishonoured them, and they AA-ere evil entreated by him. And he Avas like a King, retired apart, and trobadors and gieemen and masters disported before him Avhich could do the best, and he took his pleasure. And they of the toAvn were in great misery, from the Christians Avho Avarred upon them fi'om AA'ithout, and the famine Avhercof they died Avithin. Moreover Abeniaf oppressed them greatly, and he took unto himself all the goods of those Avho died, and he made all persons equal, the good and the bad, and took from all all that he could ; and those Avho gave him nothing he ordered to be tormented Avith stripes, and cast into rigorous prisons, till he could get something from them. And he had no respect neither for kinsman nor friend. There Avas but one measure for all, and men cared nothing noAV for their possessions, so that the sellers 2 B l^Q CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK were many and the buyers none. And Avith all these miseries v/-v-^ the price of food became exceeding great, for the cajiz of wheat was priced at ninety tnaravedis, and that of barley at eighty, and that of painick * eighty and five, and that of all pulse sixty, and the arroha of figs seven, and of honey twenty, and of cheese eighteen, and of carobs sixteen, and of onions twelve, and the measure of oil twenty : flesh there was none, neither of beast nor of any thing else ; but if a beast died *, the pound Avas worth three maravedis. And they were so weak with hun- ger that the Christians came to the walls and threw stones in ca^'jse.' " with the hand, and there was none who had strength to drive Chr. Gen. i i i ff.-26b. them back. cfthefamine XXII. Aud tlic Cid liaviug it at heart to take the town, let Za7in fa- Hiakc an engine, and placed it at one of the gates, and it did great hurt both to the walls and within the town ; and the Moors made other engines, with the Avhich they brake that of the Cid. And the Cid in his anger let make three engines, and. placed them at the three gates of the town, and they did mar- vellous great hurt. And food Avaxed dearer every day, till at last dear nor cheap it Avas not to be had, and there Avas a great mortality for famine ; and they eat dogs and cats and mice. And they opened the vaults and privies and scAvers * of the toAvn, • Panizo . . . this is Minsheu's interpretation, Avho says it is a grain resembling millet. * i. e. horse, mule, or ass. « Of the sewers at Valencia Miedes gives a long account, L. 12. C. 17. which fills the whole chapter. They were the work of the Romans, and were perfect two centuries ago, to the great comfort of the inhabitants. A canal from RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAl?. 187 and took out the stones of the erapes which thev had eaten, and BOOK washed them, and ate them. And they Avho had horses fed v,„rv-^ upon them. And many men, and many Avomen, and many children watched when the gates Avere open, and went out and _gave themselves into the hands of the Christians, who slew some, and took others, and sold them to the Moors in Alcudia ; and the price of a ]\loor was a loaf and a pitcher of wine : and Avhen they gave them food and they took their fill, they died. Them that were stronger they sold to merchants who came there by sea from all parts. And the Moors of Alcudia, and of the town which the Cid had made there, had plenty of all things, and as great as was their abundance, even so great was the misery of those in the town : and they spake the verse Avhich sayeth. If I go to the right the Avater Avill destroy me, and if I go to the left cap isV the lion Avill kill me, and if I turn back there is the fire. f/^si'"' XXIII. Now the ]\loors of Valencia being in this great misery How the^ because of the siege Avhich the Cid laid unto the tOAA'n, Abeniaf m o/tZ bethought him that he Avould send a messenger to the King of Za- ragoza. ragoza, and beseech him to come to his succour, e\'en as he had succoured the grandson of Alimaymon, Avhen the Lord of Denia and Tortosa came aoainst him. And the good men of the tOAvn took counsel Avhether they should say in these letters. To you the King, or Avhether they should humble themselves before him and call him Lord ; and they debated upon this for three days, the river, after supplying the dye-houses, entered them, and swept away tlieir filth to the sea, . .fertilizing, says Miedes, the fields through which it flowed. This mention of privies is curious. I give the original passage because it has escaped Professor Beckmann's researches. Abrian las camaias e privadas, e ios cafios de la villa, e saccavan el uruso de las uius (jiie comian, e lavavatdo en el agua, e comianlo. Chronica del Cid. cap, 137. jQg CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK and agreed that they would call him Lord, that he might have? -v-.-v-^ the more compassion vipon them. And though Abeniaf Avas troubled at heart at this determination, nevertheless he said in the letter as they had appointed. And he called a Moor who spake the mixed language, and instructed him how to get out of the city by night, so that the Christians might not see him, and told him that when he had given that letter to the King of Zaragoza, the King would give him garments, and a horse, and a mule to ride on, and that lie himself would show favour unto him as long as he lived. So the messenger departed with the letter. And the famine in the town waxed greater, and food was not now bought hy the cajiz, neither by the fa7iega, but by ounces, or at most by the pound. And the pound of wheat cost a maravedi and a half, and that of barley a mnravedi, and that of painick a maravedi and a quartei", and of pulse a maravedi, and of flax-seed three parts of a maravedi, and of cheese three dineros, and of honey three, and of figs one ; and the panilla of oil Avas eight dineros, and the povmd of colewort five, and the ounce of carobs three parts of a dinero, and the ounce of onions the same, and the head of garlick the same ; and a pound of beast's flesh was six maravedis, and grape-stones Avere half a dinero the pound, and the skins of kine and of beasts five ^c'Jr'fss."'' dineros : the dinero Avas silver, for there v/as no money current t'lir. Gen. ., , , . ff.'ioo. save Silver and gold. Of the mi- XXR'. When the King of Zaragoza saAV the letter Avhich Aing''ofZa. Abculaf aud the men of Valencia had sent him, he gave no heed ragozuj and . . i i r ^ 'ii'il* of the search to it, ueithcr cared lie for the messenoer, neither end he sive vhicUMen. . • i i i i icfmadefor Jji}!^ cvcu a drautrht of Avater for his rcAvard. And the mes- senger Avaited for his ansAver from day to day for three Aveeks, and he dared not depart Avithout it for fear least Abeniaf shoidd slay him ; and he thought also that some of the King's people Avould come out after him and slay him upon the Avay : and he ItODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jg^ was urgent for his answer, and began at last to cry aloud at the BOOK gate of the King's house, so that the King asked of what that messenger was making his complaint. Then they told the King that he Avanted his answer that he might be gone. And the King wrote an answer and said, that this aid wliich they besought of him he could not give till he had sent to ask help of King Don Alfonso of Castille, for he could not else venture to do battle with the Cid. And he exhorted them to defend themselves the best they could while he procured horsemen from King Don Alfonso to help them, and that they should from time to time send him Avord how they went on. So the messenger returned in great sorrow that he had sped no better, and that nothing had been given him as Abeniaf had promised : and all this Avhicli the King of Zaragoza said was only delay, and meant nothing. And the famine now waxed so great that there wa. no food to sell, and many died of hunger. And many for great misery went out to the Christians, recking not whether they should be made captive, or slain, for they thought it better to be slain than to perish for lack of food. And Abeniaf searched all the houses in the town for food, and where he found any store, he left only what would suffice for a fortnight, and took the rest, saying that in that time the King of Zaragoza Avonld come and relieve them, for that he only tarried to collect great store of food, that he might bring it with him. This he said to keep the people quiet, and to encourage them. And of the food Avhich he carried away he took the most part for himself and for his guards, and the rest he ordered to be sold in such manner that none should buy more than Avould suffice him for the day. And what he took he did not pay for, and Avhen the people demanded payment he put them off till another day ; and he bade them not complain, for they Avould be relieved fi-om this misery, and then he Avould pay them well. And they Avho to Faleiicia. 190 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B 00 K liad any food left buried it for fear, and for this reason there v.-^v-v> was none to be bought, neither dear nor cheaj^. And they who chr.idcid. had nothing else, ate herbs, and leather, and electuaries from 189. the apothecaries^ which they bouo;ht at a great price, and the Chv. Ger. ,1,1 JO O 1 ' /. 286. poor ate the dead bodies. HouihcKing XXV. Now Abeniaf had no hope of succour save only t^ntieiien froui thc King of Zaragoza, Avho had sent to bid him hold out ; and he sent to him every night to tell him of the great misery which there was in Valencia, and the King of Zaragoza return- ed for answer that King Don Alfonso had sent him a great body of horsemen with Garcia Ordonez, and would come him- self after them ; and he sent in this letter another letter writ- ten with his own hand, and Avhich was to be shown to the good men of the town, privily ; and he said therein, Mdth great oaths to confirm it, that he Avould without fail come and deli- ver them, for it was a great grief to him to think Avhat they endured, and that this was as great sorrow to him, as theirs could be. And certain of the King's favourites wrote to Abeniaf also after the same manner, telling him that he Avould surely come ; howbeit one of his favourites who had compassion upon the men of Valencia sent a covert message to warn them, saying, that the King of Zaragoza would build a toAver in Alcudia de Tudela ' ; the meaning of this was, that all the * Tlie Chronica General lias especieros in the place of boticarios, .. a synonime which is wortliy of notice. This early mention of apothecaries was also unknown to Beckraann, and it strengthens the conjecture of that very learned and laborious writer, that the trade originated with the Saracens, and was by them introduced into Europe. Hist of Inventions. English translation, Vol. 1. p. \3o. ' Que queriefazer una torre de candda en el Alcudia, . . is what the Chronica General says. RODHIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. igj King said, was only to put them off. Abeniaf did not under- BOOK stand it, and sent to ask him what it was that he had said ; ,^^v^ but the other made him no reply. Then the King of Zara- goza sent two messengers to the Cid Avith jewels and rich pre" sents, and besought him that he would not distress the men of Valencia so greatly, and also that he would let his messengers enter tlie town that they might speak with Abeniaf. This the Cid would not permit ; howbeit they found means to send in a letter, saying. Wit ye that I send to entreat the Cid that he Avill not do so great evil unto you, and I give him jewels and rich presents that he may do my Avill in this, and I believe that he will do it. But if he should not, I will gather together a great host, and drive him out of the land. HoAvbeit these were but dissem- bling words, for the Kins; of Zaragoza and the Cid Avere friends and AA'ere of one accord, that the Cid should take Valencia ch-ieiad cup. 190. and srive it the King, AA^ho should give him great treasures in i^'- ^ o »' O O clir. Gen. return. -^•-'^"• XXVI. Then the Cid began to treat with a great Moor of ihwMen- ^ , , vwxiz rose the toAA^n, named Abenmoxiz ^ that he should rise up agamst agai'ist^de- niaj,and Abeniaf, and kill him or deliver him into his hands, and that ^"w he u«» ' ' tat:en. he Avould make him Lord over Valencia, and the- country as far as Denia. And Abenmoxiz took counsel Avith his friends, and they advised him that he should do this ; but Abeniaf kncAv of their counsel, and took them, and put them in prison, and gave them in charge to tAVO of his household in Avhom he ' Aboegib, according to the Chronica General. The sons of Aboegib have appeared so much without any mention of the father, that it seems probable he was either dead or superannuated : had their father been living, and active enough to have taken the part which this Abenmoxiz did, he would certainly have been seat out of the town with the rest of bis family. 19^2 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK had gicat trust. And Abenmoxiz talked with his keepers, and v,^^ tokl them all that he purposed to do, and promised them, if they would release him, to reward them greatly when he had succeeded, saying, that he undertook this with the consent and advice of the King of Zaragoza : so they were persuaded and pro- mised to join with him. And when it was niolit Abenmoxiz and his friends and the two keepers agreed to seize the Alcazar, which was the place wherein they were imprisoned, and to beat the alarm, and raise a cry for the King of Zaragoza ; and they thought the men of the town would join with them, and then they would go to the house of Abeniaf and lay hands on him. And they did accordingly, and beat a drum, and sent a cryer upon the tower of the IMosque to bid all the people assemble at the Alcazar. And when the people heard that drum and that cryer they were in great fear, and knew not what to think : and they assembled some to guard their own houses, other some to guard the tower, till they knew what it was. And when Abe- niaf heard it, he was greatly dismayetl, and he asked of all whom he found at liis gates, what the uproar was, and what this thing might be. In short time all they who were on his side, both horse and foot, assembled together, and then they knew what it was ; and he bade them go to the Alcazar and take Abenmoxiz, and all that held with him. Abenmoxiz this while was at the gate of the Alcazar with his little company, thinking that the whole town would join him ; and behold Abe- niaf s company came up and charged him ; and he thought to defend himself with the few that Avere with him, Ixit the niost part tied, and he with four others were taken ; and they led them Avith great shame to the house of Abeniaf, Avho sent him chrdeicid. to prison, and gaA'e orders to smite off the heads of the others. "/j/'-'"' x\nd Abeniaf sent to lay liands on all Avhom he suspected, and /!'a6?."'' took from them all that they had. And he sent messengers to RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAK. jg3 the Kins of Zaraaoza to tell him what had ehanced, and BOOK they took with tiiem Abenmoxiz prisoner, and they were v.,^v-^ charo-cd to remain at Zarawza, and send Iiim true tidings from thence. XX VII. Now there was no food to be bought in the city, HowihcCid. attacked the and the people were in the waves of death: and men were seen city.:„dv>as ^ ^ put to the to drop and die in the streets, and the Place of the Alcazar ''?'■'«• ""^ •• of the ffreaf, round about the walls thereof was full of graves, and there was <^™''"', O ' whxeh he no grave which had fewer than ten bodies in it. As many as ""™('^'' could fled out of the town, and delivered themselves up to the ^^"""■ Christians to he made prisoners. The Cid thought that they who were the Chiefs within the Avails, tlu'ust out the poor and feeble, that they might be able to hold out longer ; and it troubled him, for he thought to take the town by starving it, and he feared the coming of the Almoravides. Sometimes it troubled him, and at other times he seemed pleased that the Moors should come out and give themselves prisonei"s to his people. Now it befel tliat once, at such time as it seemed to please him, some of the chief men of the town came out in this manner, and counselled him that he should attack it, for they said the men at arms were few, and weak for hunger, and that he might presently win it : and the Cid took thought ujjon this matter, and resolved to do as they said ; and he gathered together his host and advanced against the gate which is called Belfan- lianes, that is to say, the Gate of the Snake, and they drew nigh unto the wall. And all the people of the town assembled, even all the force which Mas therein, and threw down stones from the gate and from the wall, and shot their arrows, so that neither stone nor arrow fell in vain ; and the Cid and they who had advanced witii him went into a bath Avliich was near the wall, to be under cover fiom the arrows. And Abeniafs com- pany opened the gate and salhed out, seeing that the stones and 2 c 194 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK arrows from the wall had hurt many, and made the Christian! s^-v^ draw back; and the Cid and they who Avere with him remained in the bath, being shut up there, for they could not go out by the door whereat they had entered, and they broke through the wall on the other side, and the Cid escaped that way, be- ing thus put to rout. Then he thought himself ill advised in liaving attacked the town, and in putting lijmself into a place from whence he had escaped with such great danger ; and he held that the worst war which h& could make upon the men of Valencia was to let them die of hunger. So he ordered procla- mation to be made so loud that all the IVIoors upon the walls could hear, bidding all who had come out from the town ta return into it, or he would burn as many as he should find r and saying also that he would slay all who came out from that time forth. Nevertheless they continued to let themselves down from the Avails, and the Christians took them Avithout his knoAV- ledge. But as many as he found he burnt alive before the Avails, so that the Moors could see them ; in one day he burnt eighteen, and* cast others alive to the dogs, Avho tore them in pieces. They Avho could hide any sent them aAvay by sea and by land to be sold ; the most Avhom they sent Avere young men and girls, for others they Avould not take ; and many virgins they kept for themselves. And if they kncAv that any avIio came out, had left kinsmen or friends in the toAvn Avho Avould give any thing for them, they tortured them before the Avails, or hung them from the toAvers of the Mos(|ucs Avhich Avere Avith- out the city, and stoned them ; and Avhen they in the toAvn saAV this they gave ransom for them, that they might be permitted to dwell in Alcudia Avith the Moors avIio Avere in peace Avith ■chr.MCki the Cid. 'JTiis continued for tAvo months, till there Avere only tap. 193. 104. four beasts left in the toAvn, and one Avas a mule of Abeniaf s, f ■ios. ' and another Avas a horse of his son's ; and the people Avere so nODRIGO DIAZ DE "BIVAR. jq- wasted that there were but few who had strength to mount BOOK the wall. J^ XXVIII. Tlic company of Abeniaf and of his kinsmen n.'wthc despaired now of holding out, and of the help of the King of toa„Aifaqli, Zaragoza, or of the Almoravides, and they desired rather to accordrd _- * . _ -' that he die than endure this misery. And the ";ood men of the city, as ^^ouidgo '-' ^ beluceuthem many as were left, Mcnt to an Alfaqui, who was a good man, ""^tAeCd. and one Avho was held in great esteem, and besought him to give thcnv counsel, for he saw their great distress, and how they were out of all liope of succour ; and they besought liim that he would go to Abeniaf, and know of him what he thought to do, or Avhat hope he had, that he let them all perish thus. The Al- faqui gave ear to them, and said that if they Avould all hold too;ether, and be of one heart, and shoAv orcat anocr at having been brought to tliis misery, he v/ould do all he could to rehevc them ; and they promised to do whatever he shoidd advise. Ifow Abeniaf knev.' of the talk which the good men of the town had had with the Alfa(|ui, ami understood that it was because of the great misery Avhich they endured ; and he thought in his heart that he Avould humble himself, and do whatever his people should think good. And the Alfaqui thought that happy man was his dole now that th# people had committed theni- selves to his o;uidaa;e, and he went to- Abeniaf and communed with him, and tlieir accord was to give up all hope of succour. ^Vnd .Vbcniaf put himself in the hands of the Alfaqui, that he should go between him and the Cid and the people of ^^alencia, ch-ie\cii and make the liest terms for them that he could, seemg that J^'^' '^'• they could no longer hold out, and maintain the town. j.aeg/"' XXIX. Here the history relates that at this time IMartin howi/.^cj madeMartin Pelaez the i\sturian came with a convoy of laden beasts, carry- i-lhezlyT ing provisions to the host of the Cid ; and as he past near the good a,<^m. town the Moors sallied out in great numbers against him ; but ]96 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK be, though he had few with him, defended the convoy right well, >— ^-L/ and did great hurt to the Moors, slaying many of them, and drove them into the tOAvn. 'J'his Martin Pelaez who is here spoken of, did the Cid made a right good knight, of a coward, as ye shall hear. When the Cid first began to lay siege to the city of Valencia, this Martin Pelaez came unto him ; he was a kniglit, a native of Santillana in Asturias, a hidalgo, great of body and strong of limb, a Avell made man and of goodly sem- blance, but withal a right coAvard at heart, which he had shown in many places Avhen he Avas among feats of arms. And the Cid Avas soiTy Avhen he came unto him, though he Avould not let liim perceive this ; for he knew he Avas not tit to be of his com- pany. IIoAvbeit he thought that since he Avas come he Avould make him brave Avhether he Avould or not. And Avhen the Cid began to Avar upon the toAvn, and sent parties against it twice and thrice a day, as ye have heard, for the Cid Avas alway upon the alert, there Avas fighting and tourneying every day. One day it fell out that the Cid' and his kinsmen and friends and vassals Avere engaged in a great encounter, and this Martin Pelaez Avas avcU armed ; and Avhen he saAv that the Moors and Christians Avere at it, he fled and betook himself to his lodging, and there hid himself till the Cid returned to dinner. And the Cid saAV Avhat Martin Pelaez did, and Avhen he had conquered' the Moors he returned to his lodging to dinner. Noav it Avas the custom of the Cid to eat at a high table, seated on his bench, at the head. And Don Alvar Faiiez, and Pero Bermu- dcz, and other precious knights, ate in another part, at high tables, full honourably, and none other knights Avhatsoever dared* take their seats Avith them, unless they Avere such as deserved to be therg ; and the others Avho Avere not so approved in arms ate upon esfrados, at tables Avith cushions '. This Avas the order in the house of the Cid, and every one kncAv the place Avhere he- RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. igj "Was to sit at meat, and every one strove all he could to gain the BOOK honour of sitting to eat at the table of Don Alvar Fanez and .^^.^^ his companions, by strenuously behaving himself in all feats of arms ; and thus the honour of the Cid was advanced .- This INIartin Peiaez, thinking that none had seen his badness, wash- ed his hands in turn with the other kniohts, and Avould have taken his phice among them. And the Cid went unto lum, and took him by the hand and said, You are not sucii a one as de- serves to sit with tliesc, for they are worth more than you or than me; but 1 will i ave you with me: and he seated him with himself at table. And he, for lack of understanding, thouo;ht that the Cid did this to honour him above all the others. On the morrow the Cid and his company rode towards Valencia, and the Moors came out to the tourney ; and Martin Pelaez went out well armed, and was among the foremost who charged the Moors, and when he was in among them he turned the reins, * Comiaii en estrados, e en mesas de cabccales. Chronica General. The others are said to eat at mesas altas. It sliould seem therefore, if I have not mistaken the meaning of the words, that the common and least honourable mode of eating was after the Roman fashion. The Welsh Kings had their Pedifer, whose office it was to chafe their meat while they were at their meals ; . . they pro* bably retained the Roman fashion also. By whom were chairs introduced into common use ? Our Cowper has given the rise and progress of .seat-making, from the joint-stool to the sopha; the subject still remains to be investigated by anti- quarians. Sitting on the ground is the more natural and more convenient custom : . . . the Portugueze women of the lower ranks, who still retain it, say it keeps the feet warm. High seats may have been preferred in cold countries because it is desirable to expose the feet to the fire, and skreen the face from it; by a drunken people like the Northern conquerors, because it was convenient «t their beastly banquets that a guest should fall under the table rathe».than on his neighbour's lap ; or by a dirty people, like our ancestors, who suffered filtli. te accumulate upon the floors. |()3 CHRONICLE or THE CID, BOOK and went back to his lodoino;; and the Cid took heed to all v.:-.^ that lie did, and saw that though he had done badly he had done better than the first day. And Avhen the Cid had driven the ]\IoorsJnto the town he returned to his lodging, and as liC sate down to meat he took this Martin Pelaez by tho liand, and seated him with himself, and bade him eat witli him in the same dish, for he had desen^ed more that day than lie had the first. And the knight g:iive heed to that saying, and was abashed ; howbeit he did as the Cid commanded him : and after he had dined he went to his lodging and began to think upon what the Cid had said unto him, and perceived that he had seen all the baseness which- he had done ; and then he understood that for tliis cause he would not let him sit at board Avith the other knights who were precious in arms, but had seated him with himself, more to affront him than to do him honour, for there Avere other knights there better than he, and he did not show them that honour. Then resolved he in his heart to do better than he had done heretofore. Another day the Cid and his com- pany and Martin Pelaez rode toAvard A'^alencia, and the Moors came out to the toumey full resolutely, and ]\Iartin Pelaez was among the first, and charged them right boldly ; and he smote doAvn and sIcav presently a good knight, and he lost there all the bad fear Avhich he had had, and Avas that day one of the best knights there: and as long as tlie tourne}'^ lasted there he re- mained, smiting and slaying and overthroAving the IMoors, till they Avcrc driven Avithin the gates, in such manner that the Moors marvelled at liim, and asked Avhere that Devil came fi'om, for they had never seen liim before. And the Cid Avas in a place where lit could see all that Avas going on, and he gave good heed to him, antl had great pleasure in beholding him, to see hoAV Avell he had forootten the great fear Avhich he Av'as Avont to have. And Avhcn the Moors AA-ere shut up Avithin the toAvn, the Cid and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. jgg all his people returned to their lodging, and Martin Pelaez full BOOK leisurely and quietly went to his lodging also, like a good knight, s.,-^^ And when it was the hour of eating the Cid waited for Martin Pelaez, and M^hen he came, and they had Avashed, the Cid took him by the hand and said, My friend, you are not such a one as deserves to sit with me fi*om henceforth, but sit you here Avith Don Alvar Fanez, and Avith these other good knights, for the .good feats which you luu-e done this day have made you a companion for them; and from that day forward he Avas placed in the , company of the good. And the history saith that from that day forAvard this knight Martin Pelaez A\'as a right good one, and a right A-aliant, and a right precious, in all places Avhere he chanced among feats of arms, and he liAcd alway Avith the Cid, and served him right Avell and tmly. And the history saith, that after the Cid had Avon the city of Valencia, on the day Avhen they conquered and discomfited the King of Seville, this Martin Pelaez Avas so good a one, that setting aside the body of the Cid himself, there Avas no such good knight tliere^ nor one Avho bore such part, as Avell in the battle as in the pur- suit. And so great Avas the mortalit}" Avhich he made among the Moors that day, that Avhen he returned from the business the sleeves of his mail Avere clotted Avith blood, up to the elbow r insomuch that for Avhat he did that day his name is Avritten in this history, that it may never die. And Avhen the Cid saAv him come in that guise, he did him great honour, such as he never had done to any knight before that day, and from thenceforAvard gave him a place in all his actions and in all his secrets, and he was his great friend. In this knight Martin Pelaez Avas fulfilled the example Avhich saith, that he who betaketli himself to a good- tree, hath good shade, and he Avho serves a good Lord Avinneth good guerdon ; for by reason of the good senice Avhich he did the Cid, he came to such good state that he was spokea of as ye qOQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK have heard : for the Cid knew how to make a good knight, as a v-*-v^ good groom knows how to make a good horse. The history rupAoo—g'. now leaves to speak of him, and returns to the accord of the f. .269. ' Ahluiui and Abeniaf, which thej propounded unto the Cid. now the XXX. This Ahaqui sent his messengers to an Almoxarife of beyiMed the Cid whose name was Abdalla Adiz, Avho was a good nmn vp, if »uo _ '^ com- did not anrl one wliom the Cid loved, and Avho never left him after lie feme within fficm days, had obtained his favour. And when Abdalla Adiz heard that they Avished to propose terms, he spake Avith the Cid upon this matter, and the Cid bade him enter the town, and speak with them, and know of them what they would have. And he Avent into the toAvn, and spake Avith them as the Cid had commanded, and came out again, and reported unto him Avhat they had said, till he had made terms betAveen them. Abeniaf sent three good men Avith him to confirm the terms Avhich Avere made, and the covenant was after this manner, that they of Valencia should send messengers to the King of Zaragoza, and to Ali Abenaxa Avho Avas Adelantado of the Almoravides and Lord of Murcia, beseeching them to succour them Avithin fifteen days ; and if Avithin that time they Avere not succoured they should then give up the city to the Cid, Avith such conditions, that Abeniaf should remain mighty in the tOAvn, as he had been before, his person being secure and all that he had, and his Avives, and his children, and that he should remain Veedor, that is to say, Overseer, of all the rents of the toAvn, he and the Al- moxarife of the Cid, and a Moor who Avas called Musa should be G uazil of the town ; this Musa had looked after the affairs of the Cid in the time of King Yahia, and never forsook him after the death of the King his Lord ; and the Cid made him Alcayde of a Castle, and ahvay found him loj^al, and at his service, and for this reason trusted he in him so as to make him G uazil, Avho should keep the keys of the toArn, Avith a RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 201 guard of Almocadenes, and of Christian footmen of Almo^avares BOOK • vr who had been born in the land of the Moors. And it was -^^.^^ appointed that the Cid should dwell in Juballa, in the town which he had made, and that he should alter none of their pri- •1 r T ■ I 1-11 -1 Chr.delCii. vileges, nor or their customs, nor the rents which they paid, nor "p-aoo. Chr. Gen. their money. f- 270. XXXI. Presently on the morrow they sent five good men ofthenches I -J ^ . /^ r-r which ivere as messengers to the King of Zaragoza, and as many more to M^dupon Murcia; and it had been covenanted that neither of these ?<■'«''■"'' ?/" the price of messengers should take with him more then fifty maravedisf""'" for his journey, and that they should go by sea as far as Denia, in a ship of the Christians, and from thence by land, lliese messengers embarked with their company on board that ship, and the Cid sent orders to the master thereof not to sail till he came ; and the Cid came himself in his own body and bade them search the messengers to see if they took with them more than had been agreed; and he found upon them great riches in gold and in silver and in pearls and in precious stones ; part was their own, and part belonged to other mer- chants in the city, who thought to send it to Murcia, not be- ing minded to abide in "\'alencia : and he took it all, leaving them no more than fifty maravedis each, according to tlie cove- nant. This was the price of food on the day when these mes- sengers departed : the pound of wheat was three maravedis, and the pound of barley one and a half, and the pound of painick three, saving a quarter ; the ounce of cheese three dine- ros, and the ounce of hemp seed four, and the pound of cole- Avort one maravedi and two dineros of sUver, and the pound of neat-skin one maravedi. In the Avhole town there was only one mule of Abeniaf's, and one horse : another horse which belonged to a Moor he sold to a butcher for three hundred j' Chr. Gen. •270. Chr.delCid. and eighty doblas of gold, bargaining that he should Imve c^'aoi 3 D 202 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK ten pounds of the flesh. And the butcher sold the flesh of .^„~.^ that horse at ten rnaravedis the short pound, and afterwards at twelve, and the head for twenty dohlas of gold. How the city XXXII. The Moors of Valencia were now something com- "y. forted, for they weened that they should receive help, and the Christians did not now war upon them ; nevertheless they kept guard, and Avent the rounds, as before, and waited for the day appointed, as one who looked to be released from prison. And for tliis reason men began to bring out the food which they had hidden, and to sell of it, and thus they went on till the time expired, and the messengers were not returned. And Abeniaf besought them that they would wait yet three days more, but they made answer that they would not, for they could bear it no longer. And the Cid sent unto them bidding them yield up the town, as they had covenanted to do ; and he swore with great oaths, that if they delayed a single hour after the time was expired, he would not keep the terms which he had made, and moreover that he would slay the hostages ; nevertheless they let a day pass over and above the term. And then they who made the covenant with the Cid Avent out unto him and besought him to come and receive the town, but the Cid said wrathfuUy to them that he was not bound to keep the terms, seeing they had let the time appointed pass ; and they yielded themselves into his hands that he should do with them according to his pleasure ; then he was mov- ed to compassion, and had pity upon them. And Abeniaf and other good men came out, and the writings were made and were confirmed on both sides, by the Chiefs of the Christians and of the Moors, and the gates were opened at the hour of noon, upon Thursday the last day of June, after the feast of St. John, which the Moors call Alhazaro. And when the gate was opened Abeniaf was there within, with a great RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^^^ 203 company rouiid about him, both of his own people and of those BOOK of the town; and the Christians as they entered ascended J^ the walls and towers. And Abeniaf asked why so many went ,, ^,,, up for It was not m the terms; but they would not cease for Z^ mat, and they took possession of all, little to his likino-. f :;'^~- o" Ji- 271. HERE BEGINNETH THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK I. And all the people of the tou'ii gathered together, like .^...^^ men risen from their graves, . . yea, like the dead when the fUdkdafur trumpet shall sound for the day of judgment, and men shall thtjamme. j.Qj^-,g q^^^ ^j-' their o;raves and be gathered tooether before the Majesty of God. And hucksters came from Alcudia and brought bread and pulse to sell, and others of the town went out to Alcudia to buy food ; and they who were poor, and had not whercAvith to buy, plucked of the herbs of the field and ate them, and they held themselves rich because they could go out when they would, and enter in again without fear. And such as were wise among them abstained fi'om taking much food, fear- ing what would happen, and they took it little by little till they had gotten strength ; all they who took their fill died, and the Mp'^'fos^"'" mortality among them was so great that all the fields were foil />7?"" of graves. CHRONICLE OF THE CID. 205 II. On the following dav after the Christians had taken pos- BOOK session of the town, the Cid entered it with a great company, v.<^w^ and he ascended the highest tower of the wall, and beheld all the !^JrM city; and the Moors came unto him, and kissed his hand, say- Into L ' ing he was welcome. And the Cid did great honour unto them. ' '^'' And then he gave order that all the windows of the towers which looked in upon the town should be closed up, that the Chris- tians might not see what the Moors did in their houses ; and the INIoors thanked him for this greatly. And he commanded and requested the Clixistians that they should show great honour to the Moors, and respect them, and greet them when they met : and the Moors thanked the Cid greatly tbr the honour which the Christians did them, saying that they had never seen so good a maji, nor one so honourable, nor one who had his people «?' aoi. ' , 111- C^''- G«it. under such obedience. , j. 271. III. Now Abeniaf thought to Imve the love of the Cid; and How the ad calling to mind the wrath with which he had formerly been re- l/ should live among you, and that his treason should be con- c,^'. toe."'" founded with yoin* loyalty, see to the obeyment of my com- •207. 1 (hr. Ge„. mancl. „"'"' \'I. AMien the honourable Moors heard this they M-ere How the J ^ouZi^^'^ dismayed ; verily they knew that he spake truth touching the li^^ltid death of the King, but it troubled them that he departed from \hei^d\f' the promise -vvhich he had made ; and they made answer that ""^' the}' would take counsel concerning what he had said, and then reply. Then five of the best and most honourable among them withdrew, and went to Abdalla Adiz, and said unto him, Arced us thy reed now the best and truest that thou canst, for thou art of our law, and oughtest to do this: and the rea- son Avhy we ask counsel of thee is this. The Cid promised us manv thinss, and now behold he savs nothing to us of what he said before, but moveth other new reasons, at which great dismay hath seized us. And because thou better knowest his ways, tell us now what is liis pleasure, for albeit ^ve might Avish to do otherwise, this is not a time wherein any thing but what he shall command can be done. AVhen the Almoxarife heard this he made answer. Good men, it is easy to understand what he would have, and to do what should be done. A\'e all know the oreat treason which Abeniaf committed against ye all in killing- vour Lord the Kins;: for albeit at that time ye felt the burden of the Christians, j'et was it nothmg so great iis after he had killed him, neither did ye suti'er such misery. And since God hath brought him who was the cause to this state, see now by all means how ye may deliver him into the hands of the Cid. And fear not, neither take thought for the rest ; for though the Cid may do his pleasure in some things, better _ is it to have liim for Lord, than this traitor who hath brought so much evil upon ye. Moreover the thuigs of this world soon RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. Qii pass away, and my heart tells me that we shall ere long; come BOOK ^ \ IT out of the bondage of the Cid, and of the Christians, for the ^^.r^^ Cid is well nigh at the fldl of his days, and we who remain alive after his death, shall then be masters of our city. ^Vlien the good men heard what he said, they thanked him much, and held themselves to be well advised, and said that they would do willingly what he bade them : and they returned forthwith to the Cid, and said unto him that they would tulfil his commandment. Incontinently did the good men dis- peed themselves of the Cid, and they went into tlic city, and gathered together a great posse of armed men, and went to^ the place where Abeniaf dwelt ; and they assaulted the house and brake the doors, and entered in and laid hands on him, and his son, and all his company, and carried them before the Cid. And the Cid ordered xibeniaf to be cast into prison, chr.deicid. and all those who had taken counsel with him for the death oi'Z''a.'^°" mg 1 ahia. f. 0.3. VII. When this Avas done, the Cid said unto the good How the ca men, Now that ye have fulfilled my bidding, 1 hold it good TouiTmi to show favour unto you in that which ye yourselves shall zWamihZ understand to be fitting for me to grant. Say therefore what «»'"« ye Avould have, and 1 will do that which 1 think behoveth me : but in this manner, that my dwelling place be within the city of Valencia, in the Aicazar, and that my Christian men have all the fortressess in the city. And when the good men heard this, they were greatly troubled ; howbeit they dissembled the sorrow which they resented, and said unto him. Sir Cid, order it as you think good, and 'we c(msent thereto. Then said iie unto them that he would obsen'e towards them all the uses and customs of their law, and that he Avould have the power, and be Lord of all; and they should till tlieir tields and iced their fiocks and herds, and giev him his tenth, and he would take no more. he took pes* 213 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK When the Moors heard tliis they were well pleased, and since v^v>J they were to remain in the town, and in their houses and their inheritances, and with their uses and customs, and that their Mosques were to be left them, they held themselves not to be badly off. Then they asked the Cid to let their Guazil be the same as he had first appointed, and that he would give them for their Cadi the Alfaqui Alliagi, and let him appoint whom he would to assist him in distributing justice to the Moors ; and thus he himself would be relieved of the wearisome- ness of hearing them, save only when any great occasion might befall. This Alhaei was he avIio made the lamentation for Valencia, as ye have heard ; and when the Cid was peaceably established in Valencia, he was converted, and the Cid made him a Christian. And the Cid granted this which they required, and they kissed his hand, and returned into the town. Nine months did the Cid hold Valencia besieged, and at the end of that time it fell into his power, and he obtained possession of the walls, as ye have heard. And one month he was prac- tising with the Moors that he might keep them quiet, till Abeniaf was delivered into his hands ; and thus ten months were fulfilled, and they were fulfilled on Thiu'sday the last day of June, in the year of the ajra one thousand one hundred and thirty and one, which was in the year one thousand ninety and three ^ of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. And when • Both the Chronicles say sera 112o. i.e. A.D. 1087; but by specifying Thursday, the last day of June, they supply a date for correcting this error. Ber- ! "■"* '"'^"''^'i they gaA'e him great tortures till he was at tlie pomt of death ; *« "^^ '""» 111 1*1 1 1 fi^"^ account and they kept hmi there two days, and then brouoht him to »/''« '■"^''«*» , '^ . and he gave Valencia to the Garden of the Cid, and the Cid gave order that •^f"^"^- ~ count, and he should write Avith his own hand an account of all that he had. ^'^'^"^^ And he did this, and wrote down the carkanets, and rings, and costly garments, and rich a{)parel which he had, and also many other precious household things, and the debts which were due unto him. This the Cid did that he might see if all was there which Abeniaf had taken Avhen he slew the King his Master; and the writing was read before the Cid. And the Cid sent for certain Moors who were good and honourable men, and niade Abeniaf be brought before him, and demanded of him if he had nothing more than what was there Avritten down ; and he an- swered that he had not : and he bade him SAvear this before the Moors, and Abeniaf swore accordindv. Then the Cid sent privily to make search in all the houses of the friends of Abeniaf, SAvearing unto them, that if they had any thing of his and denied it, and it should afterAvards be discovered, he Avould put them to death, and moreoA'er take from them all that they had. And ^-^^ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK they when they heard this, partly in the fear of the Cid, and vJiL partly that they might find favour with him, brought each of tliem great riches, saying. Sir, Abeniaf gave us this m keeping, that if it mio-ht be saved, he misrht share it with us. And he gave order to search and dig in the houses of Abeniaf, and they found o^reat treasure there in gold and in silver, and in peai'ls, and in precious stones, all which a servant discovered unto thenu And when the Cid saw it all before him it pleased him much,, and he called for the Moors before whom Abeniaf had taken the oath, and he took his seat upon the estrado full nobly, and there in the presence of Christians and Moors he ordered Abeniaf and all the other prisoners to be brought forth. And he bade that Alfaqui Avhom he had made Cadi, and the other good men, judoe by what death lie Avho had slain his Lord deserved to die, according to their law, and who moreover was perjured, for he had sworn that he possessed nothing more than what he had set down in writing : and the Cadi and the other Moors said that according to their law, he and his accomplices should be stoned : Tins, they said, we find in our law, but you will do as you think good. Nevertheless we ask mercy of you for his son, who is but a child ; may it please you to set him free, for he hath no tault in what his father hath done. And the Cid an- swered, that for the love of them he pardoned the child, but that he should depart from the city, for he v/ould not have the son of a traitor dwell therein. And he commanded them that the}^ should stone Abeniaf and all tliem who had taken counsel witli him for the death of the King, according as they had given sentence. Then the honourable Moors rose and kissed his feet and his hands for the mercy which he had shown to the son of Abeniaf; and they took out Abeniaf to stone lum, and other twenty and two with him. And the Cid bade them come again wp.'tio.' ' to him on the morrow, and he would appoint what should be the f%i ' manner of his dwelling among them. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 2J5 IX. That night the Cid spake Avith Alvar Fanez and with BOOK Pero Bermudez, and all them Avho were of his council, and they x»^vO resolved in what manner they would iive among the Moors, ^tl'lkf' And on the moiTow the honourable ]\foors of Valencia assembled unt^X* together in the Alcazar as they had been commanded to do, and ungvlem' the Cid took his seat upon the tstrado, and all the honourable have the dty ^ to himself. men round about him, and he spake unto them after this man- ner : Good men of the Aljama of Valencia, ye know how I served and defended King Yahia your Lord, and ye also, until his death. And I had great sorrow for him, and strove to re- venge him, as ye know, and endured great hardships in winning Valencia. And since Cod hath thouoht^it good that I should be Lord thereof, I will have it for myself, and for those who have holpen me to win it, saving the sovereignty of King Don Alfonso of Castille, my Lord, whom God preserve for his service long and happy years. Ye are all now in my power, to do with ye whatever I will, both with your persons and your riches, and your wives and your children ; but I will not do thus. And I hold it good that the honourable men among ye who have alway been loyal, remain in the city in their dwellings and with all their family ; and that none among ye keep more than one beast, which shall be a mule, and that ye do not use arms, neither have them in your possession, except when it is needful and I shall give command. And all the rest of the people shall go out of the town and dwell in the suburb of Alcudia, where I Avas Avont to be. Ye shall have tAvo IVlosques, one in the city and one in the suburb ; and yc shall liaA^e your Alfaquis and foUoAv your own laAV ; and 3'e shall have your Cadis, and your Guazil, as I have appointed ; and ye shall have your inheritances, and pay me the tenth of the fruits thereof as your service; and the power of justice shall be mine, and I Avill order such money to be coined as I shall think good. Do ye therefore Avho are minded q\Q CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK to abide with me in the land, abide: and let those who are not, v>-v-C go, in God's name, and good luck Avith them, but they shall take only their own persons, and I will give command to see them escorted in safety. When the Moors of Valencia heard this they were full sorrowful ; howbeit it was now a time when they could do no otherwise than as he commanded. And inconti- nently they began to go out of the city with their wives and children, all except those Avhom the Cid had commanded to abide there ; and as the ]\Ioors Avent out the Christians who dwelt in Alcudia entered in. And the history saith, tliat so great Avas the multitude which departed, that they Avere tAvo Avhole days in going out. Great was the joy of the Cid and his people wp.'an.' " that da}', and from thenceforAvard he Avas called My Cid the /• 374. Campeador, Lord of Valencia. HoKthtKing X. Now Avas it bruited abroad throughout all lands, hoAv the "camTlgainsi Cid Kuydicz had aa^ou the noble city of Valencia. And Avhen anduas'de- Air Abcuaxa tlie Adelantado of the Almoravides kncAv it, he feated- sent his son-in-hiAv the King of Seville to besiege liim in Va- lencia, and gave him thirty thousand men at arms. And this King came in great haste to ^^alencia, and besieged the Cid therein. And the Cid made ready Avith all his people, and Avent out to fight him. And the battle was nigh unto Valencia, be- side the garden Avhich is called the Garden of Villa Nueva ; and it Avas a good battle, and at length he of the good fortune con- quered ; and the pursuit continued as far as Xativa ; even so far did. the Christians pursue them, smiting and slaying. And at the passage of the Xucar there might you lia\ e seen confusion, and there the Moors without liking it drank plenty of water. They say that fifteen thousand ]Moors died in the river; and the King of SeA'iUe tied Avith three great bloAvs. 'J his day did Martin Pelaez the Asturian approA e himself a right good one : there Avas no knight so good that day in arms as he. nor Avho bore aAvav RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 21? such honour. And when the pursuit was ended the Cid re- BOOK turned to the field of battle, and ordered the spoils of the field >^^^ and of the tents to be collected. Be it knoAvn that this was a profitable day's work. Every foot soldier shared a hvindred marks of silver that day. And the Cid returned full honourably to Valencia. Great Avas the joy of the Christians in the Cid Ruydiez, he Avho was born in a good hour. His beard was grown, and continued to grow a great length. My Cid said of chr.deiad. his chin. For the love of Kino- Don Alfonso, who hath banished chr.Gen. » . /. 274. me from his land, no scissars shall come upon it, nor shall a hair ^"j""" <'«' ' 1 ' Cirf.l. 1230. be cut away, and Moors and Christians shall talk of it. ^'"'• XI. That night the Cid took counsel M'ith Alvar Fafiez, who m^ the ad .111 numbered departed not from his side, and with the other honourable men hkpeopu. who were of his council, concerning what shotdd be done : for noAv that his people were all rich, he feared least they should return into their own country, for my Cid saw that if they mioht go they would. And Minaya advised him that he should cause proclamation to be made through the city, that no man should depart Avithout permission of the Cid, and if any one went who had not dispeeded himself and kist his hand, if he were over- taken he should lose all that he had, and moreover be fixed upon a stake. And that they might be the more certain, he said unto Minaya that he Avould take account of all the people who Avere Avith him, both horsemen and foot, and Pero Bermudez and Martin Antolinez made the roll ; and there Avere found a thou- sand knights of lineage, and five hundred and fifty other horse- men, and of foot soldiers four thousand, besides boys and others ; thus many Avere the people of my Cid, he of Bivar. And his ckr.deiod. heart rejoiced, and he smiled and said, Thanks be to God, cTr.Ge«. Minaya, and to Holy Mary Mother ! ... Ave had a smaller com- ^poema'dei pany Avhen Ave left the house of Bivar ! lare'!'^^ ' XII. At this time there came a croAvned one from the parts 2 F 218 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK of the East, that is to say, one who was shaven and shorn; his .^„^^ name was the Bishop Don Hieronymo, a full learned man and "ZeTm. a wise, and one M'ho was mighty both on horsebaek and a-foot : t',c'a/2d and he came enc[uiring for the Cid, wishing that he might see 'thec'iij'a ^ himself with the Moors in the field, for if he could once have his f»rhi'm"' fill of smiting and slaying them, Christians should never lament him. And when the Cid knew this it pleased him in his heart, and he toi^k horse and went to visit him, and rejoiced greatly that he was come ; and he resolved to make ^''alencia a bishopric and give it to this good Christian. And they took counsel, and it was that on the morrow the Bisliop and his clergy should turn the ISIosques into Churches, Avhercin they might sing masses, and sacrifice the body of Jesus Christ. And rents were appointed for the table of the Bishop and for his Canons, and for all the clergy in the city of Valencia. And nine parish Churches were made. And the greatest was called St. Pedro's, and another was called St. Mary of the Virtues. This was near the Alcazar, and there the Cid went oftenest to hear service. After this chr.deicid. manner the Cid ordered his city that it should be a Bishopric, chr. Gen. fov thc liouour of the Catholic faith. God ! how joyful was all Poemadei Christcudom that there was a Lord Bishop in the land of Va- Cirf. I). 1 295. , . , 1314. lencia ! HowtheCid XIII. Now the Cid bethought him of Dona Xiniena his wife, w^eZd" and of his daughters Doiia Elvira and Dona Sol, whom he had left in the Monastery of St. Pedro de Cardeiia ; and he called for Alvar Faiiez and IVIartin Antolinez of Burgos, and spake with them, and besought them that they would go to Castillo, to King Don Alfonso his Lord, and take him a present from the riches which God had given tliem ; and the present should be a hundred horses, saddled and bridled ; and that they would kiss the King's hand for him, and beseech him to send him his Avife Dona Ximena, and his daughters, and that they would tell the RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gjC^ King all the mercy Avhicli God had shown him, and how he was BOOK at his senice with Valencia and with all that he had. IMorcover vj^ he bade them take a thousand marks of silver to the ^Monastery of St. Pedro de Cardena, and give them to the Abbot, and thirty marks of gold for his wife and daughters, that they might prepare themselves and come in honourable guise. And he ordered three hundred marks of gold to be given them, and three hundred marks of silver, to redeem the chests full of sand \vhich he had pledged in Burgos to the Jews ; and he bade them ask Rachel and ^'id^.s to forgive him the deceit of the sand, for he had done it because of his great need : and he said, You, Martin Antolinez, were aiding and abetting heiein, but praised be the name of the Lord for ever, he hath let me quit myself truly; tell them that they shall have more profit than they asked. And he bade them each take Avith him his whole com- pany, that they might be better advised and accompanied, and that Dona Ximena mio;ht come with the greater honour : and the company was this: two hundred knights who were of Don chr.ddaj. Alvar Fanez, and fifty of Martin Antolinez: and he ordered cZ.^L money to be given them for their disbursement, and for all ^PoZl'dei things needful, in abundance. ijq*! XIV. Alvar Fanez and INIartin Antolinez Avent their Avay, and how <*«« they found the King in the city of Palencia. AVhen they arriA-ed TZT IL lie Avas coming from mass, and seeing this goodly company of horse- ojl^^e'reat men he stopt in the church porch, and asked who they were. """Hw"'' And it was told him that they Avere people of the Cid, Avho came to him Avith a full great present. And Alvar Fanez and Martin Antolinez alighted, and came to the King, and kissed his hand ; and he received them right Avell, and said, What tidings bring ye me of the Cid, my true vassal, the most honourable knight that ever Avas knighted in Castille.? Well was Minaya pleased when he heard this, and be said, A boon, Sir King Don Al- 220 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOKfonso, for the love of your Maker! My Cid sendeth to kiss ^..^.,^ your hands and your feet, as his natural I/ord, at whose serx'ice he is, and from whom he expecteth much bcjunty and good. You banished him from the land; but thou^^hiiu another's coun- try, he hath only done you service. Jive pitched battles liath he won since that time, some Avith IMoors and some with bad Christians ; and he hath taken Xerica, and Ondra, and Almenar, and Monviedro which is a bigger place, and Cebola also, and Castrejon, and Pena Cadiella which is a strong eminence, and with all the right noble city of ^'^alencia, for the honour of the faith of Jesus Christ, and of you our Lord and King ; and lie hath made it a J3ishopric, and made the honourable Don Hier- onymo Bishop thereof with his own hand And behold here are a hundred horses of the spoils which he hath won ; they are great and swift, and all are bridled and saddled, and he kisseth your hand andbeseecheth you as his natural Lord to receive them. When the King heard this he was greatly astonished, and he lifted up his right hand and blest himself, and said. As St. Isidro shall keep me, I rejoice in the good fortune of the Cid, and receive his gift full willingi3\ But though this pleased the King it did not please Garci Ordonez, and he said, It scemeth there is not a man left in the land of the Moors, that the Cid can thus do his pleasure ! And the King said unto him. Hold thy peace, for in all things he serves me better than thou. Then Alvar Fanez kissed the King's hand again, and said. Sir, the Cid beseecheth you of your bounty that he may have his wife Dona Ximena and his two daughters, that they may go to Valencia unto him, from tlic Monastery Avhere he left them, for it is many days since he saw them, and if it please you this would rejoice him. And the King made answer. It pleases me well, and I will give them a guard thoughout my dominions, that they may be con- ducted honourably to the border : when they have past it, the RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 221 Campeador himself ^viil look to them. And he said, Hear me! BOOK ' ' • V I ' all those whom I have disseized of their inheritances for following .^...^ the Campeador, I restore again to the possession thereof, and all those Avho desire to serve him I freely licence : let them go in the grace of God. Moreover the King said, I grant liim Va- lencia and all that he hath won and shall win hereafter, that lie be called Lord thereof, and that he hold it of no other Lordship save of me, who am his liege Lord. Alvav Faiiez and Martin Antolinez kissed his hand for this in the Cid's name. And the King called a porter, who should go with them, bearing a writing from the King, that all things needful should be given chr.deiad. unto them so Ions; as they were in his lands. Then Alvar Fanez chr.ce,',. and Martin Antolinez dispeeded themselves of the King, and Poemadd took their wa}' towards Burgos. ^379. XV. When they reached Burgos they sent for Rachel and Houthey for Vidas, and demanded from them the chests, and paid unto g"'",andhov, them the three hundred marks ot gold and the three hundred a„dher daughtCTS of silver as the Cid had commanded, and they besought them kft the mo. ■^ nastfri) to to forgive the Cid the deceit of the chests, for it was done be- «" ""''• ,, O thtm to Fii- cause of his great necessity *. And they said they heartily for- '«"'^"' gave him, and held themselves well paid ; and they prayed < I am afraid it is not quite so certain that the Cid redeemed these chests, as that he pledged tliem. The Poem, which gives the minutest account of the pledging, says nothing of the repayment. On the contrary, when Alvar Fanez and the ladies are about to set off for Valencia, it says, " Behold Rachel and Vidas fell at his feet ... mercy, Minaya, good knight, the Cid has undone us, if he do not help us. We will give up the interest if he will pay us the capital." " I will see about it with the Cid if God shall let me reach him; you will find good help from him for what you have done." Rachel and Vidas said, " God grant it : if not we will leave Burgos and go seek him." 1431). 1446. 222 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK God to grant him Ions; life and Q-ood health, and to s;ive him '^^^.^ power to advance Christendom, and put down Pagandom. And Avhen it was known througli the city of Burgos the good- ness and the gentleness which the Cid had shown to these merchants in redeeming from them the chests full of sand and earth and stones, the people hckl it for a great Avondcr, and there was not a place in all Burgos where they did not talk of the gentleness and loyalty of the Cid ; and they besought bless- ings upon him, and prayed that he and his people might be advanced in honour. When they had done this, they went to tlie ]\Ionastery of St. Pedro de Cardena, and the porter of the King went with them, and gave order every where that every thing which they wanted should be given them. If they were well received, and if there was great joy in St. Pedro de Cardena over them, it is not a thing to ask, for DoHa Ximena and her daughters were like people beside themselves with the great joy which they had, and they came running out on foot to meet them, weeping plenteously for great joy. And Alvar Fanez and Martin Antolinez, when they saw them coming, leapt off their horses, and went to them, and Minaya embraced Dona Ximena and both his cousins. Dona Elvira and Doiia Sol, and so great was the rejoicing which they made together that no man can tell it you. And when this great joy was somewhat abated, Dona Ximena asked how the Cid fared, for since he had parted from her she had heard no news of him. And Alvar Fanez said he had left him safe and sound in Valencia ; and he bade her and her dauohters thank God for the great favour that he had shown him, for he had won sundry castles fiom the Moors, and the noble city of Valencia, whither he was now come to carry her and her daughters, for the Cid had sent for them, and when he should see them his heait's desire would be accomplished. When Doiia Xmiena and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gC)^ her daughters heard this, they set their knees to the ground, BOOK and hfted up their hands and thanked God for the favour ^^^• he had shown to the Cid, and to them with him, in givino; him the Lordship of Valencia. While they were preparing for the journey, Alvar Fanez sent three knights to the Cid to tell him how they had sped with the King, and of the great favour which they had found at his hands, and how he only tarried now to equip Doiia Ximena, that she niight come full honourably. Tliat good one Minaya then began to deck them out for the journey with the best trappings which could be found in Burgos : right noble garments did he provide for them, and a great com- pany of damsels, and good palfreys, and great mules, Avhich were not bad ones. And he gave the Abbot the thousand marks of silver which the Cid had sent for the Monastery, with which to discharge all the debt that Doiia Ximena and his daughters had contracted. Great was the stir throughout all that land of the honour of the Cid, and of the licence which the King gave to as many as should chuse to join him ; and for this reason full sixty knights came to St. Pedro de Cardena, and a great number of squires on foot. Don Alvar Fanez was well pleased to see them, and he promised them that he would obtain the Cid's grace for them, and Avould befriend them all he could. Great dole did the Abbot make when they departed; and he said. As God shall help you, Minaya, kiss the hand of the Campeador for me. This Monastery will never forget him, to pray for him ever}^ day in the year. The Cid will ahray prosper more and more. Minaya promised to do this, and dispeeded himself, and they went their way. Five days they travelled, and tiien the}^ came to Medina Cell ; and alway cup^tle^ the porter of the King was with them, and made all that /. are/"' they wanted be given unto them, even as the King had com- c,d.M4oo. inanded. her daugh- ters camt riilencUi. 224 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK XVI. Now the three knio-hts Avhom Alvar Fanez had sent, VH • • ^ .^..^^ came to the Cid and dehvered their message. When my Cid xZena'and heard it his heart rejoiced and he was glad, and he spake with tcrscTme'to his mouth and said, He Avho sends g<5od messengers looks for good tidings. Blessed be the name of God, since King Don Al- fonso rejoices in my good fortune. And he called for Muno Gustios, and Pero Bermudez, and the Bishop Don Hieronymo, and bade them take a hundred knights least there should be need to fight, and go to INIolina, to Abcncaiio, who was his friend and vassal, and bid him take another hundred knights, and go with them to Medina Celi as fast as they could go. There, said he, ye will find Alvar Fanez and my wife and daughters ; bring them to me with great honour : I will remain here in Valencia which has cost me so much; great folly would it be if I were to leave it : I Avill remain in it, for I hold it for my heritage. And they did as he commanded them. And Avhen they came to Molina, Abencano received them right well, and did them great honour ; and though the Cid had bidden him take only one hundred horse, he took two. On the morrow they went to horse : they crossed the movmtains which are great and wild, and they passed Mata de 'J'oranz Avithout fear, and they thought to come through the valley of Arbuxedo. There was good look out kept in Medina, and Alvar Fanez sent two knights to knoAV who they were. They made no tarriance in doing this, for they had it at heart ; one tarried with them, and the other returned, and said it was the host of the Campeador with Pero Bermudez, and Muno Gustios, and the Bishop Hieronymo, and the Alcayaz Abencano. This instant, said Minaya, let us to horse ; incon- tinently this was done, for they would make no delay. And they rode upon goodly iiorses with bells at their poitrals and trap- pings of sandall silk, and they had their shields round their RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR, ^^i^ flecks, and lances with streamers in their hands. Oh, how BOOK Alvar Fanez Avent out from Castille with these ladies ! They s^^^v-^ who pricked forward, couched their spears and then raised them, and great joy was there by Salon where they met. The others humbled themselves to Mina^'a : wlien Abencano came up he kissed him on tlie shoulder, for such was his custom. In a good day, IMinaya, said he, do you bring these ladies, the Avife and daughters of the Cid, whom we all honour. What- ever ill wc may wish him we can do him none ; . . in peace or in war he will have our wealth, and he must be a fool Avho does not acknowledge this trutii. Alvar Faiiez smiled and told him he should lose nothing by this service which he had done the Cid ; and now, said he, let us go rest, for the supper is ready. Abencano said he was Avell pleased to partake it, and that within three days he would return him the entertainment two-fold. Then they entered Medina, and Minaya served them ; all were full glad of the service which they had under- taken, and the King's porter paid for all. The night is gone, morning is come, mass is said, and they go to horse. They left Medina and past the river Salon, and pricked up Arbux- uelo, and they crost the plain of Torancio. That good Chris- tian the Bishop Don Hieronymo, night and day he guarded the ladies ; on a goodly horse he rode, and they went between him and Alvar Fanez. They came to Molina and there were lodged in a good and rich house, and Abencano the Moor waited on them. Nothing did they want which they could wish to have; he even had all their beasts new shod, and for Minaya and t^ie ladies, Lord ! how he honoured them ! On the morrow they left Molina, and the Moor went witii them. When they were within three leagues of ^^alencia, news of their coming was brought to the Cid. Glad was the Cid, never was he more joyful, never had he such joy, for tid- 2 G 226 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK inss were come to him of what he loved best. Two hundred s^v>l^ knights did he order out to meet them, others he bade to keep the Alcazar, and the other high towers, and all the gates and entrances. And he commanded that they should bring him Bavieca K It was but a short time since he had Mon this liorse ; my Cid, he who girt on sword in a happy hour, did not yet know if he was a good goer, and if he stopt well. The Bi- shop Don Hieronymo, he pricked forward and entered the city. He left his horse and went to the Church, and collected all the clergy ; they put on their surplices, and with crosses of silver went out to meet the ladies, and that good one Minaya. He who was born in happy hour made no tarriance ; they saddled him Bavieca and threw his trappings on. My Cid wore * This is the first mention of this famous horse in the Poem : an old his- tory to which Berganza often refers as beginning with King Fruela, says, Ba- vieca was won in the battle with the King of Seville, which may well agree with the Poem. The Chronica del Cid absurdly makes it the first horse that ever Rodrigo rode to battle. When he was growing towards years of strength, he asked his godfather to give him a foal from one of his mares: and the Priest, who had many mares, with many good foals, bade him chuse for himself, and take the best. When it was time to chuse, he went into the yard, and let many good mares go out with good foals, till last of all there went out one with a foal which was a full ugly one, and a scurvy, and he said to his God- father, I will have this. The Godfather thereat was angered and said angrily, Bavieca, which signifyeth booby, thou hast chosen ill ! Rodrigo answered. He will be a good horse, and Bavieca shall be his name; and the horse proved afterwards a good one and right fortunate, and upon this horse did my Cid conquer in many a pitched battle. Chronica del Cid. Cap. 2. Bavieca is an old and obsolete word of contempt ; lubber would perhaps represent it. . Bien me ten par babieca siyo te lo comciento. D. Gonzalo de Berceo. p. 128. According to tradition, he was foaled in the vale of Mondego. M. Liisitana. 2. 7. 28. 227 ooi VII. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAIl. light armour'', and his surcoat over it: long was his beard. BOOK He went out upon this horse, and ran a career with him ; Ba- vieca was the name of the horse, and a\ hen he was running all marvelled at him : from that clay Bavieca was famous all over Spain. At the end of the course my Cid alighted and went toAvard his wife and his daughters. ^Vho can tell the joy that was made at their meeting ? They fell at his feet, and their joy was such that they could not speak. And he raised them up and embraced them, and kissed them many times, weeping for joy that he saw them alive: Hear what he said who was born in happy hour! You dear and honoured wife, and ye my daughters, my heart and my soul ; enter with me into Valencia ; . . this is the inheritance which I have won for you. While they were thus rejoicing the Bishop Don Hier- onymo came with the procession. Dona Ximena brought good relicks and other sacred things, Avhich she gave to ennoble the new Church of Valencia. In this guise they entered the city. "Who can tell the rejoicings that were made that day, throwing at the board, and killing bulls ! My Cid led them to the Al- cazar, and took them up upon the highest tower thereof, and there thev looked around and beheld Valencia, how it lav ' Annas defuste tomaba. Poema del Cid. 159-1. " Fitste is any frame made of slight wood to buikeout, being common!}' co- vered over with painted cloths, as castles for a shew, and such like. The officers of them in Valencia are called Fusteros, and with such cudgels which sup- port such frames they use to beat galley slaves, and thereof comes fustar, fusti- gar, and kosfigar, to cudgel." Minsheu. He had forgotten the latin etymon. I have rendered the passage vaguely, least by aiming at accuracy I should become incorrect. It seems to have been a suit of mock armour for shew ; . . such perhaps as Ghosts walk in, upon the itage. Sancha has left the phrase unexplained. J'oemadel Cid. V.1461 1626. ^28 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B OO K })efore them, and the areat Garden with its thick shade, and ^>rv>^ the sea on the other side ; and they Hfted up their hands to thank God. Great honour did the Cid do to Abencano the Lord of Mohna, for all the service which he had done to Doria Xiniena. 'I'hen said Abencano, This, Sir, I was bound to do, for since I have been your vassal I have alway been respected, and defended from all my enemies, and maintained in good estate ; how then should I do otherwise than serve you ? If I did not, I should lack understanding. And the Cid thanked him for Avhat he had done, and Avhat he had said, and promised also ^ap'^r^' to show favour unto him. And Abencano took his leave and /.276.'^"' returned to Molina. How tidings X^^1I. The winter is past, and March is coming in. Three At^amamo- montlis DoSa Ximena had been in Valencia, when tidings came mi; against to thc Cid froHi bcyoud sea, that King Yucef, the son of the Ealencia. i i i • TV r Miramamolm, who dwelt m Morocco, Avas commg to lay siege vmto Valencia with fifty thousand men. When the Cid heard this he gave command to store all his Castles, and had them well repaired. And he had the Avails of the city prepared, and stored it avcII Avith food and Avith all thino-s needful for war, and gathered together a great poAver of Christians and of the Moors of his scignory. Hardly had he done this before he heard that Yucef Avas near at hand, and coming as fast as he could come. 'I'hcn the Cid assembled together the Christians in the ^Vlcazar, and Avhen they Avere assembled, he rose upon his feet and said, Friends and kinsmen and vassals, praised be God and holy Mary Mother, all the good Avhich I haA^e in the Avorld I have here in Valencia ; Avith hard labour I wOn the city, and hold it for my heritage, and for nothing less than death Avill I leave it. My daughters and my Avife shall see me fight, . . they shall see Avith their OAvn eyes our manner of living in this land, and hoAv we get our bread. We will go out against the Moors RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. Q29 and give them battle, and God who hath thus far shown favour BOOK unto us Avill still continue to be our helper. ^Vhen they heard this ..^^^ they cried out with one accord that they would do his bidding, ca/.'/is.' " and go out with him and fight under his banner, for certain they /. o??/" were that by his good fortune the Moors Avould be overthrown, cid.v.ie^: XVllI. On the moiTow the Cid took Dona Ximena by the „ * „._, •^ How) the lAa hand, and her daughters with her, and made them go up upon [","^''J'jf' the highest tower of the Alcazar, and they looked toward the sea ''"."f",!!';* and saw the great power of the jMoors, how they came on and le^Swo drew nigh, and began to pitch their tents round about Valencia, beating their tambours and with great uproar. And Ximena's heart failed her, and she asked the Cid if peradventure God would deliver him from these enemies. Fear not, honoured woman, said he; you are but lately amved, and they come to bring you a pre- sent, Avhich shall help marry your daughters. Fear not, for you shall see me fight by the help of God and holy ]Mary iSlother ; my heart kindles because you are here! The more Moors the more gain?' The tambours sounded now Avith a great alarum, and the sun was shining . . . Chear up, said my Cid ; . . this is a glorious day. But Ximena was seized Avith such fear as if her heart would have broken ; she and her daughters had never been in such fear since the day that they were born. Then the good Cid Campeador stroked his beard and said. Fear not, all this is for your good. Before fifteen days are over, if it please God^ those tambours shall be laid before you, and shall be sounded for your pleasure, and then they shall be given to the Bishop Don Hieronymo, that he may hang them up in the Church of St. IMary, Mother of God. This vow the Gid Campeador made. Now the Moors began to enter the gardens Avhich were round about the town, and the watchman saw them and struck the bell. jNIy Cid ' A mas,Moros, mas ganancia. Berganza. The words past into a proverb. 230 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK looked back and saw Alvar Salvadores beside him, and he said, ■x,^^^ Go now, take two hundred horse, and sally upon yonder Moors Avho are entering the gardens : let Dona Xiniena and her daugh- ters see the good will you have to serve them. Down Avent Alvar Salvadores in great haste, and ordered a bell to be rung which was a signal for two hundred knights to make ready ; for the history saith, that the Cid, by reason that he was alway in Tvar, had appointed such signals for his people, that they knew when one hundred were called for, and when two, and so forth. Presently they Avere ready at the place of meetmg, and the gate was opened which was nearest the gardens Avherc the Moors had entered, Avithout order; and they fell fiercely upon them, smiting and slaying. Great Avas the pleasure of the Cid at seeing hoAv Avell they behaved themselves. And Dona Ximena and her daughters stood trembling, like Avomen aa'Iio had never seen such things before : and Avhen the Cid saw it he made them seat themselves, so as no longer to behold it. Great liking had the Bishop Don Hieronymo to see hoAV bravely they fought. Alvar Salvadores and his companions bestirred themselves so well that they drove the enemy to their tents, makmg great mortality among them, and then the^' turned back, Avhereat ni}' Cid Avas Avell pleased ; but Alvar Sah^adores Avent on, hacking and hewing all before him, for he thouoht the ladies Avere look- ing on, and he prcst forAvard so far, that being Avithout succour he Avas taken. The others returned to the city, falling back in br^ve order till they Avere out of reach of the enemy : and they had done no little in that exploit, for they sIcav above tAvo hun- dred and fifty Moors. SMien my Cid saw that they Avho eat his bread Avere returned, he Avent down from the toAver, and chr.ddCid. received them right Avell, and praised them for Avhat they had c;,r' Gen. ^^0^0 likc good kuiglits : howbeit he Avas full sorroAvful for Alvar t'Jll',f.i Salvadores that he should be in the hands of the Moors, but Poema del Cid. 1632 c,d. 16S2. jjg trusted in God that he should deliver him on the molTOAA^ RODRIGO DTAZ DE BIVAn. " c)Oi XIX. And the Cid assembled his cliief captains and knights BOOK and people, and said unto them, Kiasmen and friends and ^J^Ji^ vassals, hear me : to-day has been a good day, and to-morrow ^iHhiciZ^ shall be a better. Be you all armed and ready in the dark of ll'I'J!" the morning ; mass shall be said, and tiie Jiishop Don Hier- ToufdZ. onymo will give us absolution, and then we will to horse, and ^w? out and smite them in the name of the Creator and of the Apostle Santiago. It is fitter that vre should live than that they should gather in the fruits of this land. But let us take counsel in Avhat manner we may go forth, so as to receive least hurt, for they are a mighty power, and we can only defeat them by great mastery in war. When Alvar Fanez Minaya heard this he answered and said. Praised be God and your good fortune, you have atchieved greater things than this, and I trust in God's mercy that you will atchieve this also. Give me three hundred horse, and we will go out Avhen the first cock crows, and put ourselves in ambush in tlie valley of Albuhera ; and when you have joined battle we will issue out and fall upon them on the other side, and on one side or the other God will help us. Well was the Cid" pleased with this counsel, and he said that it should be so ; and he bade them feed their horses in time and sup early, and as soon as it was cock-crow come to the Church of St. Pedro, and hear mass, and shrive themselves, and com- chr./uim, municate, and then take horse in the name of the Trinity, cL'^cli that the soul of him who should die in the business might go ^oe'^'d^i without let to uod. 1700. XX. Day is gone, and night is come. At cock-crow they ofth, great all assembled together in the Church of St. Pedro, and the thuhthc Bishop Don Hieronymo sung mass, and they were shriven kLsYuc^. and assoyled, and howselled. Great was the absolution which the Bishop gave them : He who shall die, said he, fighting face forward, I will take his sins, ^nd God shall have his soui 232 CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK Then said he, A boon, Cid Don Rodrigo ; I have sung mass v-^X^ to you this morning : let mc have the giving the first wounds in this battle ! and the Cid granted him this boon in tlie name of God. Then being all ready they went out througli the gate which is called the Gate of the Snake, for the greatest power of the IMoors was on that side, leaving good men to guard the gates. Alvar l^'aiieij and his company were already gone forth, and had laid their ambush. Four thousand, lack- ing thirty, Avere they who went out with my Cid, with a good will, to attack fifty thousand. They went through all the nar- row places, and bad passes, and leaving the ambush on the left, struck to the right hand, so as to get the Moors between them and the town. And the Cid put his battles in good array, and bade Pcro Bermudez bear his banner. When the Moors saw this they were greatly amazed ; and they harnessed them- selves in great haste, and came out of their tents. Then the Cid bade his banner move on, and tUe Bishop Don Hieronymo pricked forward with his company, and laid on with such guise, that the hosts were soon mingled together. Then might you have seen many a horse running about the field Avith the saddle under his belly, and many a horseman in evil plight upon the ground. Great was the smiting and slaying in short time ; but by reason that the Moors were so great a number, they bore hard upon the Christians, and were in the hour of overcoming them. And the Cid began to encourage them with a loud voice, shouting God and Santiago! And Alvar Fanez at this time issued out from ambush, and fell upon them, on the side which was nearest the sea ; and the Moors thought that a gi'eat power had arrived to the Cid's succour, and they were dismayed, and began to Hy. And the Cid and his people pursued, punishing them in a bad way. If we should wish to tell you how every one behaved himself RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 233 in this battle, it is a thino- which could not be done,- for all BOOK . , -Nil did so well that no man can relate their feats. And the Cid ...-y-^ Rm'diez did so well, and made such mortality among the Moors, that the blood ran from his wrist to his elbow ! great pleasure had he in his horse Bavieca that day, to find himself so well mounted. And in the pursuit he came uj) to King Yucef, and smote him three times : but the King escaped from under the sword, for the horse of the Cid passed on in his course, and when he turned, the King being on a tieet horse, was far off, so that he mi2;ht not be overtaken ; and he 2;ot into a Castle called Gu3^era, for so far did the Christians pur- sue them, smiting and slaying, and giving them no respite, chrjeiai. so that hardly fifteen thousand escaped of fifty that they cTr. g°«. were. They who were in the ships, Avhen they saw this great Poema'dei overthrow, fled to Denia. i?3?- XXI. Then the Cid and his people returned to the field HowthcCid and began to plunder the tents. And the spoil was so great cit!,'ludhL that there was no end to the riches, in gold and in silver, and man'hg'e'the ' 1 1 I 1 11 damsels of m horses and arms, so that men knew not what to leave hisirifcomt and what to take. \\\(\. they found one tent which had been Kino; Yucefs ; never man saw so noble a thins; as that tent M'as ; and there were great riches therein, and there also did they find Alvar Salvadores, who had been made prisoner the yesterday, as ye have heard. Greatly did the Cid rejoice when he saw him alive and sound, and he ordered his chains to be taken off; and then he left Alvar Fanez to look to the spoil, and went into Valencia Avith a hundred kniohts. His wrinkled brow was seen, for he had taken off his helmet, and in this manner he entered, upon Bavieca, sword in hand. Great joy had Dona Ximena and her daughters who were awaiting him, when they saw him come riding in ; and he stopt when he came to them, and said. Great honour have I \ron for 2 u 034 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK jou, M-hile you kept Valencia this day! God and the Saints v.i_^ have sent us goodly gain, upon yovu" coming. Look, with a bloody sword, and a horse all sweat, this is the way that we conquer the Moors ! Pray God that I may live yet awhile for your sakes, and you shall enter into great honour, and they shall kiss your hands. Then my Cid alighted when he had said this, and the ladies knelt down before him, and kissed his hand, and wished him long life. Then they entered the Palace- Avitli him, and took their seats upon the precious benches. Wife Dona Ximcna, said he, these damsels who have served 3'ou so well, I will give in marriage to these my vassals, and to every one of them tv/o hundred marks of silver, that it may fcmadti be known in Castille what they have got by their services. Your daughters marriage will come in time. And they all o tid. 1744. 1779. c„p. 221.' ■ rose and kissed his hand; and great was the joy in the Pa- ir- 279. lace, and it Avas done accordino- as the Cid had said. & Of the great XXII. Alvar FaHcz this while was in the field writing vkJou^. and taking account of the spoil : but the tents and arms and precious garments were so many that they cannot be told, and the horses were beyond all reckoning ; they ran about the field, and there was no body to take them, and the Moors of the land got something by that great overthrow. Neverthe- less so many horses Averc taken that the Campeador had to his share of the good ones a thousand and five hundred. Well mio'ht the others have o;ood store when he had so many. And my Cid won in this battle from King Yucef, his good sword Tizona, Avhich is to say,, the fire-brand. Tiie tent of the King of Morocco, which Avas supported by tAvo pillars Avrought Avith gold, he gave order not to be touched, for he Avould send it to Alfonso the Castillian. The Bishop Don Hieronymo, that perfect one Avith tlie shaven croAvn, he had his fill in that bat- tle, fighting Avith both hands; no one could tell hoAv many RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 935 he slew. Great booty came to him, and moreoAer the Cid BOOK sent him the tithe of liis fifth. Glad Avere the Christian folk ^-^v-^J in Valencia for the great booty Avhich they had gotten, and p, Pnema dtl glad was Dona Ximena and' her daughters, and glad were all i8i'i.''*°' .T t T- ^ • 1 Chr.del Cid. those ladies Avho were married. cap. 211. XXIII. King Yncef, after the pursuit was given over, and howkius he saw that he might come forth from the Castle, fled to and of the' JDema, and embarked m his snips, and returned to Morocco, hegavehh brother to And thinking every day hoAV badly he had sped, and how he reievseium: had been conquered by so few, and how many of his people he had lost, he fell sick and died. But before he died he be- sought his brother, who Avas called Bucar, that for the tie there Avas between them, he Avould take vengeance for the disho- nour AA'^hich he had received from the Cid Campeador before Valencia ; and Bucar promised to do this, and sAvore also upon the Koran, Avhich is the book of their laAv. And accordingly he came afterAvards across the sea, Avith nine and tAventy ^, _ ' '' Chr.del Cid. Kings, as shall be related AA'hen the time comes. cap. 221. XXIV. Then the Cid sent Ah^ar Fanez and Pero Bermudez o/thepre. with a present to Kino- Alfonso his Lord. And the present thtCidseni ^ ^ - ^ _ vrito (ft* which he sent Avas tAvo hundred horses saddled and bridled, ^"^■ with each a sword hanging from the saddle-boAv : and also the noble tent Avhich he had won from King Yucef of IVIorocco. This present he gaAc, because the King had sent him his Avife and daughters Aviien he asked for them, and because of the honour Avhich he had done them, and that the King mio-ht not speak ill of him Avho commanded in Valencia. Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez Avent their Avay toAvards Castille, over sieiTas and mountains and Avaters ; and they asked Avhere the King was, and it Avas told them that he Avas at Valladolid> and thither they Avent. And Avhen they drew nigh unto the city, they sent to let him knoAV of their coming, and to ask of 536 CHRONICLE OF THE CIO, BOOK liira whothtT he thought it good for them to come into the city v.,^v^ unto him, or if he would come out to them, for they were a great company, and the present a full great one, which he would see better without, than in the town. And the Kmg thouoht this best, and he went to horse, and bade all the hi- dalcos who Avere with him do the like. Now the Infantes of Carrion were there, Diego Gonzalez, and Ferrando Gonzalez, the sons of Count Don Gonzalo. And they found the com- pany of the Cid about half a league from the town, and when the King saw how many they Avere, he blest himself, for they seemed like a host. And Minaya and Pero Bcrmudez pricked on Avhen they saw him, and came before him, and alighted, and knelt doAvn, and kissed the ground and kissed both his feet: and he bade them rise and mount their horses, and would not hear them till they had mounted, and taken their places one at his right hand, and the other at his left. And they said, Sir, the Cid commends himself to joxiv grace as l>is- liege Lord, and thanks you greatly for having sent him Mith such honour his wife and daughters. And know. Sir, that since they arrived, he hath atchieved a great victory over the Moors, and their King Yucef of ]\lorocco, the Miramamolin, Avho bcsieo^ed him in Valencia Avith fifty thousand men. And he Avent out against them, and smote them, and hath sent you these two hundred horses from his fifth. Then Alvar Fanez gave order that the horses should be led forAvard. iVnd this Avas the manner in Avhich they came. The two hundred horses came first, and every one Avas led by a child, and every one had a sAvord hanging from the saddle, on the left side; and after them came the pages of all the knights in company, carrying their spears, and then the company, and after them an hundred couple Avitli spears in rest. And Avhen they had all past by, the King blest himself again, and he laughed and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. O^J and said that never had so goodly a present been sent before BOOK to King of Spain bj-^ his vassal. And Alvar Fanez said more- ..^^^ over, Sir, he hath sent you a tent, the noblest that ever man saw, which he Avon in this battle : and the King gave order that the tent should be spread, and he alighted and went into it, he and all his people, and he was greatly pleased ; and they all said that they had never seen so noble a tent as this : and the King said he had Avon many from the J\Ioors, but never such as this. But albeit that all the others Avere Avell pleased. Count Don Garcia Avas not so ; and he and ten of his lineao;e talked apart, and said that this Avhich the Cid had done Avas to their shame, for they hated the Cid in" their hearts. And King Don Alfonso said. Thanks be to God and to Sir Saint Isidro of Leon, these horses may do me good scfa ice ; and he gave three of them to Minaya, and Pero Bermudez, and bade them chuse, and he ordered food and cloathino- to be given them Avhile they remained, and said that he Avould give them compleat armour Avhen they returned, such as Avas cir.ddcid^ fit for them to appear in before my Cid. And they Avere Thr'al',. lodged, and all things that Avere needful i^rovided for them and Poemadei , r , Cid. isn. then* people. isa-. XXV. When the Infantes of Carrion, Diego Gonzalez and Houthein. Ferrando Gonzalez, saw the noble present Avhich the Cid had cwioLe- 1 "I^* 11 II l'''i sired to mar* sent unto the Kmg, and heard hoAv ms riches and poAver ■^y "•' f"^'s . ^ daughters,. daily increased, and thought Avhat his Avealth must needs be Avhen he had given those horses out of the fifth of one bat- tle, and moreover that he Avas Lord of Valencia : they spake one Avith the other, and agi'eed, that if the Cid Avould give them his daughters to Avife, they should be Avell married, and become rich and honourable. And they agreed together that , they Avould talk Avith the King in private upon this matter. And they AA'cnt presently to him, and said. Sir, we beseech 238 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK 3'^ou of your bounty to help us iu a thing whicli will be to J^,.^^ your honour; for we are your vassals, and the richer avc are the better able shall avc be to serve you. And the King asked of them -what it was they would have, and they then told hiin their desire. And the King thought upon it awhile, and then came to them, and said. Infantes, tliis thing which you ask lies not in me, but in the Cid ; for it is in his power to marry his daughters, and pcradvcnture he will not do it as yet. Never- theless that ye may not fail for want of my help, I Avill send to tell him Avhat ye wish. 'J'hen they kissed his hand for this favour. And the Kins; sent for Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez, and went apart with them, and praised the Cid, and thanked him for the good will which he had to do him service, and said that he had great desire to see him. Say to him, he said, that I beseech him to come and meet me, for I would speak with him concerning something which is to his good and honour. Diego and Ferrando, the Infantes of Carrion, have said unto mc that they would fain wed with his daughters, if it seemeth good to him ; and methinks this would be a sood marriage. When Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez heard this, they answered the King, and said. Cer- tain Ave are. Sir, that neither in this, nor in anything else Avill chr.dcdcid. the Cid do aught but what you, Sir, shall command or cop. 223. ~ ff'^so'"' advise. When ye have your meeting ye Avill agree concern- m""'Jss ing it as is best. Then they kissed his hand, and took their ''" ' leave. Mow the XXVI. On the morroAV the messengers of the Cid departed appo'h'teT' from Valladolid, and took their AvaytOAvards Valencia; and Avhen between the Kiugand the Cid kneAV that they Avere nigh at hand he went out to meet them, and Avhen he saAV them he Avaxed joyful ; and he embraced them, and asked Avhat tidings of his Lord Alfonso. And they told him how they had sped, and hoAV greatly the King loved him ; and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 239 when Ave departed, said thev, he bade us beseech you to come BOOK -' , _ " . \ II. and meet him an}^ where where you Avill appoint, for he desire th v^v^ to speak with you, concerning the marriage of your daughters with the Infantes of Carrion, if it should please you so to bestow them : now by m hat the King said it seemeth unto us that this marriage pleaseth him. And Avlien the Cid heard this he became thouo'httiil, and he said to them after awhile, V»'hat think ve of this marriage ? And they answered him. Even as it shall please you. ^Vnd he said to them, I was banished from my own country, and was dishonoured, and with hard labour gained I what I have got ; and now I stand in the King's favour, and he asketh of me my daughters for the Infantes of Carrion. They are of high blood and full orgullous, and I have no liking to this match ; but if our Lord the King adviseth it we can do no other- wise: Ave will talk of this, and God send it for the best. So they entered Valencia, and the Cid spake Avith Dona Ximena touching this matter, and Avhen she heard it it did not please her; nevertheless she said, if the King thought it good they could do no otherwise. Tlien the Cid gaA^e order to Avrite letters to the King, saying, that he Avould meet the King as he com- manded, and Avhatever the King wished that he Avould do. And he sealed the letters aa'cII, and sent two knights Avith them. And Avhen the King saAv the letters he was well pleased, and sent chr.ddcid. cap, 2 '2 4-, others to say that the time of their meetino; should be three chr.cen. . , . f- S90. Aveeks after he receiA'ed these letters, and the place appointed * p^™" ^f' Avas upon the Tagus, Avhich is a great riAxr. ^'^s- ' The Poem leaves the place of meeting at the Cid's choice, . . which is something over-courteous on the King's part. The Chronica del Cid names ' Requena, which is near Valencia/ making the King appoint it. This isk still less Ukely. I follow the scene of the Poem. ^40 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK XXVII. Now began they to prepare on both sides for this v^v<^ meeting. He who should relate to you the great preparations, made read,, aud tlie great nobleness which were made for the nonce, would '"g. have much to recount. VV ho ever saw m Lastiile so many a precious mule, and so many a good-going palfrey, and so many great horses, and so many goodly streamers set upon goodly spears, and shields adorned with gold and with silver, and mantles, and skins, and rich sendals of Adria^.'' The King sent great store of food to the banks of the Tagus, where the place of meeting Avas appointed. Glad were the Infantes of ■Carrion, and richly did they bedight themselves ; some things tliey paid for, and some they went in debt for : great was their company, and with the King there were many Leonese and Galegos, and Castillians out of number. My Cid the Campeador made no tarriauce in ^'alencia ; he made ready for the meeting : there was many a great mule, and many a palfre}^ and many a good horse, and many a goodly suit of arms, cloaks, and mantles both of cloth and of peltry *° ; . . great and little are all clad in colours. Alvar Fanez Minaya, and Pero Bernmdez, and Martin Munoz, and IMartin Antolinez that Avorthy Bur- galese, and the Bishop Don Hieronymo that good one M'ith the shaven crown, and Alvar Alvarez, and Alvar Salvadores, and Muiio Gustios that knight of prowess, and Galind Garcia of Aragonj all these and all the others made ready to go with the Cid. But he bade Alvar Salvadores and Galind Garcia and all those who were under them, remain and look with heart and * Adria, which the Spanish editor observes upon this passage must have been famous for this sendal-silic, is a city belonging to what was once the Ve- netian State; it has been greatly reduced by inundations. '" Pellizones. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 241 soul to the safety of Valencia, and not open the gates of the B^^^^^ Alcazar neither by day nor by night, for his wife and daughters >.^v-0 were there, in whom he had his heart and soul, and the other ladies with them ; he like a good husband gave order that not one of them should stir out of the Alcazar till he returned. Then they left Valencia and pricked on more than apace ; more than SToh. a thousand knights, all ready for Avar, were lu tins company, bhr.ddcid. All those o;reat horses that paced so v.cll and ^vere so soft of u«/"' » ^ Chr. Gen. foot, my Cid Avon ; they Avere not given to hnn. /. 2so. XXVIII. King Don Alfonso^ived first by one day at the ojikimcn- place of meeting, and Avhen he heard that the Cid Avas at hand, "'^' he Avent out Avith all his honourable men, more than a long league to meet him. When he Avho Avas born in a good hour had his eye upon the King, he bade his company halt, and Avith fifteen of the knights Avhom he loved best he alighted, and put his hands and his knees to the ground, and took the herbs of the field betAveen his teeth, as if he Avould have eaten them ", Aveeping for great joy ; . . thus did he knoAV hoAV to humble him- self before Alfonso his Lord ; and in this manner he approached his feet and Avould have kissed them. And the King drcAV back and said. The hand, Cid Campeador, not the foot ! And the Cid drcAV nigh upon his knees and besought grace, saying, In this guise grant me your love, so that all present may hear. And the King said that he forgave him, and granted him his love Avith his heart and soul. And the Cid kissed both his hands, being still upon his knees ; and the King embraced him. " Neither of the Chronicles make the Cid thus enact Nebuchadnezzar be- fore his Lord the King; both however represent him as offering to iviss his feet. It is remarkable that even this should not have been felt as a humiliation ; and that so free a people as the Spaniards should have adopted the loathsome forms, of eastern servihty from the Moors. 2 I 242 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK and gave him the kiss of peace. Well pleased were all they x^^ who belield this, save only Alvar Diez and Garcia Ordonez, for they did not love the Cid. Then M^ent they all toward the town, the King and the Cid talking together by the way. And the Cid asked the King to eat with him, and the Kino- answered. Not so, for ye are not prepared ; we arrived yester- day, and ye but now. Eat you and your company there- fore with me, for Ave have m&de ready. To-day, Cid Campea- dor, you are my guest, and to-moiTow we will do as pleases you. Now came the Infantes of Carrion up and humbled themselves before the Cid, and he received them well, and they promised to do him service. And the company of the Cid came up, and kissed the King's hand. So they alighted and went to meat ; and the King said unto the Cid that he should eat with him at his table ; liowbeit he would not. And wlien the King saw that he would not take his scat with lum, he ordered a high table to be placed for the Cid and for Count Don Gonzalo, the father of the Infantes of Carrion. All tlic while that they ate the King could never look enough at the Cid, and he marvelled greatly at his beard, tliat it had grown to such length. And when they had eaten they were merry, and took their pleasure. And on the morrow the King and all they Avho went with him to this meeting, ate Avith the Cid, and so avcH did he prepare for them that all were full joyful, and agreed in one thing, that they had not eaten better for three years. There was not a man there ci'd^aoas. who did not eat upon silver, and the King and the chief persons chr.ddcid. Hie upon dislies and trenchers ^^ of gold. And Avlien the In- chr.'Ge,',. fantes sav; tiiis they had the marriage more at heart than before. /. 281- tajaderos; the English corresponds in etymology. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ' ^43 XXIX. On the morrow as soon as it was day, the Bishop BOOK Don Hieronymo sung mass before the King, in the oratory ^Ji^ of the Cid ; and when it was over, the King said before all who "ZsIm were there assembled, Counts and Infanzones and knights, hear gt^'^ " what I shall say unto the Cid. Cid Ruydiez, the reason where- ma^'llgetT fore I sent for you to this meeting was twofold : first, that I *'" '""''"'^'" might see you, which I greatly desired, for I love you much because of the many and great services v^^hich you have done me, albeit that at one time I was wroth against you and ba- nished you from the land. But you so demeaned yourself that you never did n)e disservice, but contrariwise, great service both to God and to me, and have won Valencia, and enlarged Ciiristendom, wherefore I am bound to show favour unto you and to love you alway. The second reason Avas, that I njight ask you for your two daughters Doiia Elvira and Dona Sol, that you Avould give them in marriage to the Infantes of Car- rion, for this methinks would be a tit marriage, and to your honour and good. AVhen the Cid heard this, he was in a man- ner bound to consent, having them thus demanded from him ; and he answered and said. Sir, my daughters are offender yeai-s, and it it might please you, they are yet too young for marriage. I do not say this as if the Infantes of Carrion were not wor- thy to match with them, and with better than they. And the King bade him make no excuse, saying, that he should esteem liimself well served if he gave his consent. Then the Cid said. Sir, I begat them, and you give them in marriage '^ ; both I and they are yours, . . give them to whom you please, and I am "Both the Poem and the Chronica del Cid say, Vos las c Hastes, . .yon bred them up, . . which is in contradiction to the history. Fos las casays are the words of the Chronica General. 244 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK pleased therewith. When the King heard this he was well pleased, .^^^ and he bade the Infantes kiss the hand of the Cid Campeador, and incontinently they changed swords before the King, and thev did homaoe to him, as sons-in-law to their father-in- law. Then the King turned to the Cid, and said, I thank thee, Ruydiez, that thou hast given nie thy daughters for the Infantes of Carrion : and here I give them to the Infantes to be their brides ; I give them and not you, and I pray God - that it may please him, and that you also may have great cry'zji.' joy herein. The Infantes I put into your hands; they Avill go 'dr. Gen. Avith you, and I shall relurn from hence, and I order that three Poema'dd hviudrcd marks of silver be given to them for their marriage, and 2129. they and your daughters will all be your children. How the Cid XXX. Eight days this meeting lasted; the one day they htmeifof dined with the King, and the other Avith the Cid. Then Avas "° it appointed that on the morrow at sunrise CA^ery one should depart to his OAvn home. My Cid then began to giA'e to every one Avho Avould take his gifts, many a great mule, and many a good palfrey, and many a rich garment, . . (5very one had Avhat he asked, . . lie said no to none. Threescore horses did my Cid give aAvay in gifts ; Avell pleased Averc all they Avho Avent to that meeting. And noAV they Avere about to separate^ for it Avas night. The King took the Infantes by the hand, and delivered them into the poAver of my Cid the Campeador, . . See here your sons : from this day, Campeador, you Avill know what to make of them. ^Vnd the Cid answered, Sir, may it please vou, seeino; it is vou Aviio have made this marriarje for my daughters, to appoint some one to Avhom I may deliver them, and Avho may give them, as from your hand, to the Infantes. And the King called for Alvar Faiiez Minaya, and said, You are sib to the damsels : I command you, Avhen 3'ou come to A'alencia, to take them Avith your OAvn hands, and RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 245 give them to the Infantes, as I should do if that I were there BOOK . . . VII. present : and be you the bride's father. Then said the Cid, Sir, ^^-^ you must accept something from me at this meeting. I bring for 3"ou twenty palfreys, these that are gaily trapped, and thirty horses fleet of foot, these that are Avell caparisoned, . . take them, and I kiss your hand. Greatly have you bound me, said King Don Alfonso ; I receive this gift, and God and all Saints grant that it may well be requited ; if I live you shall have something from me. Then my Cid sprung up upon his horse Bavieca, and he said. Here I say before my Lord the King, that if any will go with me to the Avedding, I think they Avill get something by it ! and he besought the King that he would let as man}'^ go with him as Avere so minded ; and the King- licensed them accordingl}^ And Avhen they were about to part, the company that went Avith the Cid Avas greater than that chrdeiod Avhich returned Avith the King. And the Cid kissed the King's cTr. gL hand and dispeeded himself Avith his favour, and the King re- yoemudd turned to Castille. aire!^^*' XXXI. My Cid Avent his Avay toAvard Valencia, and he o/^e con- appointed Pero Bermudez and Muiio Gustios, than Avhom there the^-aita. were no better tAvo in all his household, to keep company Avith the Infantes of Carrion and be their guard, and he bade them spy out Avhat their conditions Avere ; and this they soon found out. The Count Don Suero Gonzalez went Avith the Infantes; he Avas their father's brother, and had been their Ai/o and bred them up, and badly had he trained them, for he Avas a man of gi'eat Avords, good of tongue, and of nothing else good ; and full scornful and orsullous had he made them, so tl;at the Cid Avas little pleased Avith them, and would Avillinoly have broken off ^ . . ®. , ChT.ddCid.. the marriage ; but he could not, seeing that the Kino- had <=«p ^^e. made it. And when they reached Valencia, the Cid lodged the ^ "**'•, , '' ' - O Pocma del Infantes in the the suburb of Alcudia, Avhere he had formerly f^g^;^^"' 240 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK lodged himself; and all the company who v/ere come to the s.^^vO . liian iage were quartered with them. And he went to the Al- caziir. Kmyfivar XXXIL On thc mon'ow the Cid momited his horse and rode hiskinswo. into Alcudia, and brought the Infantes his sons-in-law from thence men to the ... , ^ }nja„t,s. with him into the city to the Alcazar, that they miglit see their brides Doiia Elv'ira and Dona Sol. Dofia Ximcna had her daugh- ters ready to receive them in full noble garments, for since mid- night they had done nothing but prink and prank themselves. Full jichly was the Alcazar set out that day, with hangings both above and below, purple and' samite ^*, and rich cloth. Tlie Cid en- tered between the Infantes, and all that noljle company went in after them ; and they went into the chief hall of the Alcazar, wheie Doiia Ximena was with her daughters ; and when they saw the Cid and the Infantes, they rose up and welcomed them right well. And the Cid took his seat upon his bench with one of the Infantes on one side of him, and one on the other, and the other honourable men seated themselves on the estrados^ each in the place Avhere he ought to be, and Avhich belonged to him ; and they remained awhile silent. Then the Cid rose and called for Alvar Fanez and said. Thou knowest what my Lord the King commanded ; fulfil now his bidding, . . take thy cousins, and deliver them to the Infantes, for it is the King who gives them in marriage, and not I. And Alvar Fanez arose and took the damsels one in each hand, and delivered them to the Infantes, saying, Diego Gonzalez, and Ferrando Gonzalez, I deliver unto you these damsels, the daughters of the Cid Campeador, by command of King Don Alfonso my Lord, even as he commanded. Receive you them as your equal helpmates '*, as the law of Christ enjoineth. And the Infantes * -^ xamed, ' * parejas. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 247 took each his bride by the hand, and v.ent to the Cid and BOOK V f r kissed his hand, and the same did the}'^ to their mother Dona v.^v-L/ Ximena Gomez : and the Bishop Don Hieronymo espoused them, and they exchanged rings. When this -was done, the Cid went and seated himself on the estrado ^nth the ladies, he and Dona Ximena in the middle, and beside him he placed Dona Elvira his eldest daughter, and by her, her spouse the Infante Diego Gonzalez; and Doiia Sol was seated on the other side, by her mother, and the Infante Ferrando by her. And when they had solaced themselves awhile, the Cid said that now they would go eat, and tliat the marriage should be per- fomied on the morrow, and he besought and commanded the Bishop Don Hieronymo to perform it in such a manner that cap. 22;. ' " 223. no cost should be spared, but that every thing should be done chr. Gen. so compleatly, that they who came from Castiile to this wedding P'^sm^ dei might alway have something to tell of. ^^^^■ XXXIII. On the morrow they went to the Church of St. Mary, and there the Bishop Don Hieronymo sate awaiting them, and he blest them all four at the altar. Who can tell the great nobleness which the Cid displayed at that wedding, the feasts and the bull-fights, and the throwing at the target, and the throwing canes, and how many joculars were there, and all the sports which are proper at such weddings ? As soon as they came out of Church they took horse and rode to the Glera ; three times did the Cid change his horse that day ; seven targets were set up on the morrow, and before they went to dinner all seven were broken. Fifteen days did the feasts at this wedding continue ; then all tliey who had come there to do honour to tiic Cid took leave of him and of the Infantes. Who can telj chr.deiod. the great and noble gilts which the Cid gave to them, both to a'. ;«». great and little, each according to- liis quality, vessels of gold Foen.adei and silver, rich cloth, cloaks, furs, horses, and money beyond M79:' 248 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK all reckoning, so that all were well pleased. And when it \.yy^ was told in Castille Avith what gifts they who had been to the '^vedding were returned, many were they who repented that they had not gone there. HERE BEGINNETH THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. I. Now the history relateth that Gilbert, a sage who wrote BOOK the history of the jMoorish Kings who reigned in Afi'ica, saith, .^^^ that Bucar remembering the oath which he had made to s'^armlde his brother King Yucef, how he w^ould take vengeance for ITvtngchu him for the dishonour which he had received from the Cid KingYucef. Ruydiez before Valencia, ordered proclamation to be made throughout all the dominions of his father, and gathered toge- ther so great a power of IVIoors, that among the Captains of his host there were twenty and nine Kings ; this he could well do, for his father was Miramamolin, which is as much as to say Emperor. And when lie had gathered together this mighty host, he entered into his ships and crost the sea and came unto the port of Valencia, and what there befell him with the Cid the history shall relate in due time. cap'ag. II. Two years after their marriage did the Infantes of Car- rion sojourn in Valencia in peace and pleasure, to their own great contentment, and their uncle Suero Gonzalez with them ; 2 K 250 ' CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK and at the end of those two years, there came to pass a great v,^v^ misadventure, by reason of which they fell out with the Cid, Jrd'cl""" in w^hom there was no fault. There was a lion in the house Ih'e'Lfnntes of the Cid, Avho had grown a large one, and a strong, and when the was full uimblc : three men had the keeping of this lion, lion hruhe .. I'-i i-i • ii-i loo^e- and they kept hmi in a den which was in a court yard, nigh up in the palace ; and when they cleansed the court they were wont to shut him up in his den, ancl afterward to open the door that he might come out and eat : the Cid kept him for his pastime, that he might take pleasure with him when he was minded so to do. Now it was the custom of the Cid to dine every day with his company, and after he had dined, he was wont to sleep awhile upon his seat. And one day when he had dined there came a man and told him that a great fleet was arrived in the port of Valencia, wherein there was a great power of the INIoors, Avhom King Bucar had brought over, the son of the IMiramamolin of Morocco. And Avhen the Cid heard this, his heart rejoiced and he Avas glad, for it Avas nigh three years since he had had a battle Avitli the Moors. Incontinently he ordered a signal to be made that all the honourable men who Avere in the city should assemble to- gether. And Avhen they Avere all assembled in the Alcazar and his sons-in-laAv Avith them, the Cid told them the ncAvs, and took counsel Avith them in Avhat manner they should go out against this great poAver of the Moors. And Avhen they had taken counsel the Cid Avent to sleep upon his seat, and the Infantes and the others sate playing at tables and chess. Noav at this time the men who Avere keepers of the lion Avere cleaning the court, and Avhen they heard the cry that the Moors Avere coming, they opened the den, and came doAvn into the palace Avhere the Cid Avas, and left the door of the court open. And Avhen the lion had ate his meat and saw that the door Avas open he Avent out of the RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. q ^ ^ court and came down into the palace, even into the hall where BOOK they all Avere ; and when they who were there saw him, there il^ was a great stir among them ; but the Infantes of Carrion showed greater cowardice than all the rest. Ferrando Gonzalez having no shame, neither for the Cid nor for the others who were present, crept under the seat whereon the Cid Avas sleep- ing, and in his haste he burst his mantle and his doublet also at the shoulders. And Diego Gonzalez, the other, ran to a pos- tern door, crying, I shall never see Carrion again ! this door opened upon a court yard where there Mas a wine press, and he jumped out, and by reason of the great height could not keep on his feet, but fell among the lees and defiled him- self therewith. And all the others who were in the hall Avrapt their cloaks around their arms, and stood round about the seat whereon the Cid was sleeping, that they might defend him. The noise Avhich they made awakened the Cid, and he saw the lion coming towards him, and he lifted up his hand and said, ^yhat is this? . . and the lion hearing his voice stood still ; and he rose up and took him by the mane, as if he had been a gentle mastiff, and led him back to the court where he was before, and ordered his keepers to look better to him chr ddcid for the time to come. And when he had done this he returned cZTa, to the hall and took his seat again ; and all they who beheld iJl'Ii it were greatly astonished. ^''^- ^"^• III. After some time Ferrando Gonzalez crept from under ho. ,ke in. the seat where he had hidden himself, and he came out withf'S^ge a pale face, not having yet lost his fear, and his brother Diego "oc/. got from among the lees : and when they who were present saw them in this plight you never saw such sport as they made ; but my Cid forbade their laughter ' . And Diego went out to ' Thus the Poem, with more feeling of propriety than both tlie Chr nicies, which make him publicly reproach the Infantes for their cowardice. 25^ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK wash himself and change his ffarments, and he sent to caU v./-v>-/ his brother forth, and they took counsel together in secret, and said to each other, Lo now, what great dishonour this Rujdiez our father-in-law hath done us, for he let this lion loose for the nonce, to put us to shame. But in an evil day were vre born if we do not revenge this upon his daughters. Badly were we matched with them, and now for the after-feast he hath made tliis mockery of us ! But we must keep secret this which we bear in mind, and not let him wit that we are wrath against him, for otherwise he would not let us depart from hence, neither give us our wives to take with us, and he would take from us the swords Colada and Tizona which he gave us . . . We will therefore turn this thing into merriment before him and his people, to the end that they may not sus- pect what we have at heart. While they were thus devising their uncle Suero Gonzalez came in, and they told him of their intent. And he counselled them to keep their wrath secret, as they said, till this stir of the Moors from beyond sea was over, and then they should demand their wives of the Cid that they might take them to their own country ; This, said he, the Cid can have no reason to deny, neither for detaining ye longer with him ; and when ye are got away far out of his land, then may ye do what ye will with his daughters, and ill will ye do if ye know not how to revenge yourselves ; so shall ye remove the dishonour from yourselves, and cast it upon him and ca^'i'so"^' his children. This Avicked comisel did Suero Gonzalez give cAr! Gen. uttto his ncplicws, which he might have well excused giving, 'Polmadei and tlicn both he and they would not have come off so badly as M2o!^'*' the history will in due season relate. How the In. IV. After Suero Gonzalez and his nephews had taken ^aidlZn this evil counsel together, they went to their lodging, and on th?grLt the morrow they Avent to the Alcazar and came to the Cid povier of the Mmts. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 253 ovhere he was preparing for business. And when they drew BOOK nigh, the Cid rose and welcomed them right well, and they v,„^^ carried a good countenance towards him, and made sport of what had happened about the lion. And the Cid began to give order in what array they should go out to battle. While they were in this discourse, a great cry was heard in the town and a great tumult, and this was because King Bucar was come with his great power into the place Avhich is called the Campo del Quarto, which is a league from Valencia, and there he was pitching his tents ; and when this Avas done the camp made a mighty show, for the history saith that there were full five thousand pavilions, besides common tents. And when the -Cid heard this, he took both his sons-in-law and Suero Gon- «;alez with them, and went upon the highest tower of the Al- cazar, and showed them the gi'eat power which King Bucar of Morocco had brought; and when he beheld this great power he began to laugh and Avas exceeding glad : but Suero Gonzalez and his nephews were in great fear: howbeit they would not let it be seen. And when they came down from the tower the Cid went foremost, and they tarried behind, and said. If we go into this battle we shall never return to Carrion. Now it so chanced that Muno Gustios heard them, and he told it to the Cid, and it grieved the Cid at heart ; but he presently made sport of it, and turned to his sons-in-law, and said. You my sons shall remain in Valencia and guard the town, and we who are used to this business will go out to bat- tle* ; and they when they heard this were ashamed, for they * A gap occurs here in the Poem, the MS. wanting a leaf in this place. It seems by the first lines which follow, as if some quarrel had been related between Pero Bermudez and one of the Infantes, who had been extolling his own courage. 254 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK weened tliat some one had overheard what they said ; and they ,^,^v-^_, made answer, God forefend, Cid, that we should abide in Va- CAr dwcij. itnicia ! we Avill go with you to the work, and protect your chr'Gen. body as it" we were youi- sons, and you were the Count Don yolml'dd GonzaJo Gomez our father. And the Cid Avas well pleased ■ 2347r hearing them say this. Of themes- V. Wlule tlicy wcrc thus saying, word Avas brought to the a-lVb,,™- Cid that there was a messenger from Kino- Bucar at the sate of // , CI O o o the town, Avho Avould fain speak Avith him. The name of this Moor Avas Ximen de Algezira, and the Cid gave order that he sliould be admitted. Noav the history saith, God had given such grace to my Cid that never Moor beheld his face Avithout having great fear of him ; and this Ximen began to gaze upon his coun- tenance, and said nothing, for he could not speak. And so great Avas the fear Avhich came upon him that the Cid perceived it, and bade him take couYage and deliver the bidding of his I,ord, Avithout fear or shame, for he was a messenger. And Avhen the Moor heard this he laid aside his fear, and recovered heart, and delivered his bidding fully, after this Avise. Sir Cid Campeador, King Bucar my Lord hath sent me to thee saying, <2;reat AVi'ong hast thou done him in holding Valencia against him, Avhich belonged to his forefathers; and moreover thou hast discomfited his brother King Yucef. And now he is come against thee Avith twenty and nine Kings, to take A^engeartce for his brother, and to Avin Valencia from thee in spite of thee and of all Avho are Avith thee. Nevertheless, King Bucar saith, tliat inasmuch as he hath heard that thou art a Avise man and of good understanding, he will shoAv favour unto thee, and let thee leave Valencia with all the lands thereof, and go into Castillc, and take Avith thee all that is thine. And if thou Avilt not do alp.tsa"'' this he sends to say that he Avill fight against Valencia, and take j? ';.;'. " thee and thy Avife and thy daughters, and torment thee griev- RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 255 ously, in such manner that all Christians who shall hear tell of it BOO K shall talk thereof for evermore. This is the bidding of my Lord ../-vO King Bucar. VI. When the Cid heard this, notwithstanding he was wroth ofthem- si/jcr of the at heart, he would not manifest it, but made answer in few words ctd. and said. Go tell thy Lord King Bucar I will not give him up Valencia : great labour did I endure in winning it, and to no man am I beholden for it in the world, save only to my Lord Jesus Christ, and to my kinsmen and friends and vassals who aided me to win it. 'lell him that I am not a man to be be- sieged, and when he does not expect it 1 will give him battle in the field ; and would that even as he has brought with him twenty and nine Kinos, so he had brought all the Moors of all Pagandom, for with tiie mercy of God in which I trust, I should think to conquer them all. Bear this answer to your Lord, and come here no more with messages, neither on this account nor on any other. When Ximen de Algezira, the Moorish iiiessen- ger, heard this, he left Valencia, and went vmto his Lord and told him before the twenty and nine Kings all that the Cid had said. And they were astonished at the brave words of the Cid, for they did not think that he would have resisted, so great was their power, neither did they Aveen that he would so soon come out to battle. And they began to give order to set their siege round about Valencia, as the history, and as Gilbert also re- lateth. This Kino- Bucar and his brother Kiup- Yucef were kinsmen of Alimaymon, Avho had been King of Toledo and Va- lencia, and this was the reason why Bucar said that Valencia cap. 233. had bclonoed to his forefathers. f as*. VII. No sooner had Ximen, the messenger of King Bucar, o/ the or- der of the left the city, than the Cid ordered the bell to be struck, at the cid's baute. sound of which all the men at arms in Valencia were to gather ' together. Incontinently they all assembled before the Cid, and 256 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK he told them all to be ready full early on the morrow to go J^^i^ out and give battle to the Moors. And they made answer Avith one accord that they were well pleased to do this, for they trusted in God and in his good fortune that they should overcome them. On the nio)-row therefore at the first cock-crow, they confessed and communicated, as Avas their custom, and before the morn- ing brake they Avent forth from \'^alencia. And when they had got through the narrow passes among the gardens, the Cid set his army in array. The van he gave to Alvar Fanez Minaya, and to - Pero Bennudez who bore his banner ; and he gave thein five hundred horsemen, and a thousand and five hundred men a-foot. In the right wing was that honourable one with the shaven crown, Don Hierouymo the Bishop, with the like number both of horse and foot ; and in the left Mar- tin Antolinez of Burgos and Alvar Salvadores, with as many more. Tlie Cid came in the rear with a thousand horsemen all in coats of mail, and two thousand five hundred men a-foot. And in this aiTay they proceeded till they came in siglit of the Moors. As soon as the Cid saw their tents he ordered his men to slacken their pace, and got upon his horse Bavieca, and put himself in the front before all his army, and his sons-in-law the Infantes of Carrion advanced themselves with him. Then the Bi- shop Don Hieronymo came to the Cid and said, This day have I said the mass of the Holy Trinity before you. I left my own country and came to seek you, for the desire I had to kill some Moors, and to do honour to my order and to my own hands. Now would 1 be the foremost in this business ; I have ray pennon ^ ' Peiidon traio a corzas. Poema del Cid. 2S85. The Glossary says upon this passage, parece que se habla de pendon ligero para llevarh quando se corria. Acaso debe leerse cordas porque via asegurado ccn c.vcrdas. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 257 and my annorial bearing, and will employ them by God's BOOK help, that my heart may rejoice. And my Cid, if you do not J^^!^ for the love of me grant this I will go my ways from you. But the Cid bade him do his pleasure, saying that it would please him also. And then the great multitude of the Moors began to -^ome out of their tents, and they formed their battle in. haste, and came against the Christians, with the sound -of trumpets and tambours, and with a great uproar; and as they came out upon the alarm, not expecting that the Cid would come against them so soon, they did not advance in order, as King Bucar had commanded. And when the Cid saw this, he ordered his banner to be advanced, and bade his people lay on manfully. The Bishop Don Hieronymo he pricked forward ; two Moors he slew with the two first thrusts of the lance ; the haft broke, and he laid hand on his sword. God, . . how well the Bishop fought ! two he slew with the lance, and five with the sword ; the Moors came round about him and laid on load of blows, but tliey could not pierce his arms. He who was born in happy hour had his eyes upon him, and he took his shield and placed it before him, and lowered his lance, and gave Bavieca the spur, that good horse. With heart and soul he went at them, and made his way into their first battle ; seven the Campeador smote down, and four he slew. In short time they joined battle in such sort that many were slain and many overthrown, on one side and on the other, ckr.ctcicid. and so great was the din of strokes and of tambours that none ct'%\'n. could hear what another said ; and they smote away cruelly. ^Po'^'an Without rest or respite. 2^07. Vlll. Now it came to pass in this battle that the Infante How the od Diego Gonzalez encountered a Moor of Africa who was of ll^s^car great stature and full vahant withal, and this Moor came fiercely '«e»di« Z** ^^^^' ^^^ there was a great stir in Valencia. And the two sisters RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^6 o Dona Elvira and Dona Sol, came and knelt before the Cid BOOK and before Dona Ximena their mother, and said. You send >,*^^ us to the lands of Carrion, and we must fulfil 3'our command ; now then give us your blessing, and let us have some of your people with us in Carrion, we beseech you. And the Cid embraced them and kissed them, and the mother kissed them and embraced them twice as much, and they gave them their blessing, and their daughters- kissed their hands. xAnd the Cid gave unto his sons4n-law great store ot cloth of gold,, and of serge, and of wool, and an hmidred horses bridled and saddled^ and an hundred mules with all their trappings, and ten cups of o-old, and an hundred vessel of silver, and six hundred marks of silver in dishes and trenchers and other things. ^Yhen all this was done they took their departure and went out of Valen- cia, and the Cid rode out a long league with them. He looked at the birds, and the augury was bad, and he thought that these marriao-es would not be without some evil. And his heart* smote him, and he began to think on what Dona Ximena had said, and to fear least evil should befall him from these sons-in- law, for the manner of their speech was not as it was wont to be. Where art thou my nephew,^ where art thou Felez Munoz ? thou art the cousiii of my daughters, said he, both in heart and in souK Go with them even unto Carrion, and see the possessions which are given them, and come back with tidings thereof. ' And Felez Muiioz said that he would do this. And * The phrase is literally Spanisb -...Comenzo deferirh elcorazon muif rezia- mente. Chronica del Cid. * The Chronica dd Cid says that the Cid sent a hundred knights with liis daughters, under Martia Pelaez the Aaturianj and another knight called Pero 264 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK the Cid bade him salute the Moor Abeiigalvoii in his name, VHI. . v—^ with whom they should tarry a night at Molina, and bid him do service unto his daughters, and his sons-in-law, and accompany them as far as Medina ; and for all that he shall do, said the Cid, I will give him good guerdon. And when the ladies came to take their leave of their father the Cid, and of their mo* ther Dona Ximena, great were the lamentations on both sides, as if their hearts had divined the evil which was to come ; and the Cid strove to comfort them, saying, that he should ehr.MCii. alway think of them, and would maintain them in good estate: chr.Gcn. aud lic gavc them his blessing and turned back toward Valencia, Pol^'dei and they went their way Avith their husbands, and that parting 3651." ' was like plucking the nail from the flesh. nowthe h- XIII. So the Infantes of Carrion went their way, by the fantei tvculd 'hmeiiain Campo dcl Quarto to Chiva, and to Bonilla, and to Requena, ^bengatvon ' ' and to Campo-Robres, and they took up their lodging at Villa Taxo. And on the morrow they took the road to Amaja, and leaving it on the right came to Adamuz, and passed by Colcha, and rested at Quintana. And when Abengalvon knew that the daughters of the Cid were coming, he went out joyfully from Mo- lina to meet them, and pitched tents for them in the field, and had food brought there in abundance. God, how well he served them ! and on the morrow the Moor gave full rich and noble gifts to the daughters of his Lord the Cid, and to each of the Infantes he gave a goodly horse. And he took horse iiiniself Sanchez, who did homage in his hands that they would alway serve his daughterji as their liege ladies, and children of their natural Lord. Neither the Poem nor the Chronica General mention this, and aU that is afterwards related of these knights, is in the latter atuibuted with more probability to the knights of the Infantes own company. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ,^65 and rode on with them, having two hundred knights in his BOOK compan^^ 'I'hey crossed the mountains of Luzon and passed .^^^ Arbuxuelo, and came to Salon, and the Moor lodged them in the place which is called Ansarera ; all this he did for the love of the Cid Campeador. Now the Infantes seeing the riches which tiiis Moor had with him, took counsel together for trea- son, and said, Lo now if we could slay this Moor Abengalvon, we should possess all these riches as safely as if we were in Carrion and the Cid could never take vengeance. And a Moor who understood the Latin of the country, heard them and knew what they said, and he went to Abengalvon, and said unto him, Acaiaz, that is to sa}', Sire, take heed, for I heaid the In- fantes of CaiTion plotting to kill thee. Abengalvon the Moor • was a bold Baron, and when this was told Irim, he went Mith his two hundred men before the Infantes, and what he said to them did not please them. Infantes of Carrion, he said, tell me, what have I done? I have served 3'e without guile, and ye have taken counsel for my death. If it were not for the sake of my Cid, never should you reach Carrion ! I would carry back his daughters to the lo3^al Campeador, and so deal with you that it should be talked of over the whole world. But I leave ve for traitors as ye ai'e. Dona Elvira and Dona Sol, I go Poemadei • , n .-, , 1 1 • • , Cid. 2653. With j^our favour. God grant that this marriage may please 2099. your father ! Having said this the good Moor returned to Mo_ "f "o. ■J O ^ - chr. Gen. Jina. f- ''s^- XIV. They went on by Valdespino, and by Parra, and ofthegreat BeiTocal, and Val de Endrinas, and they left Medina Cell on which the the right, and crost the plain of Barahona, and past near Ber_ muedupou ~ their wives. langa ; and they crost the Douro by a ford below the town, and lode on and came into the Oak-Avood of Corpes. The mountains were high, and the trees thick and lofty, and there were wild beasts in that place. And they came to a green lawn in the midst 2 M VIII. ^QQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B OO K of that oak forest, where there was a fountain of clear water, and there the Infantes gave order that their tent should be pitched ; and they passed the night there, making show of love to their wives, Avhich they badly fulfilled when the sun was risen, for this was the place where they thought to put them to shame. Early in the morning they ordered the sumpter beasts to be" laden, and the tent struck, and they sent all their company on, so that none remained with them, neither man nor woman, but they and their wives were left alone that they might disport Avith them at pleasure. And Dona Elvira said to her husband. Why wouldst thou that we should remain alone in this place? And he said. Hold thy peace, and thou shalt see ! And the Infantes tore away the mantles from off their wives, and the garments Avhich they wore, save only their inner garment, and they held them by the hair of their head with one hand, and Avith the other took the girths of their horses. And the women said, Don Diego and Don Ferrando, ye have strong SAVords and of sharp edge; the one is called Coladaand the other Tizona ; cut off our heads and we shall become martyrs I But set not this evil example upon us, for Avhatever shame ye do unto us- shall be to your own dishonour. But the Infantes heed- ed not what they said, and beat them cruelly with the saddle- girths, and kicked them Avith their spurs, so that their garments were torn, and stained Avith blood. Oh, if the Cid Campeador had come upon them at that hour ! And the Avomen cried out, and called upon God and Holy Mary to have mercy upon them ; but the more they cried, the more cruelly did those Infantes beat and kick them, till they Avere covered Avith blood, and SAvooned aAvay. Then the Infantes took their mantles and their cloaks, and their furs of ermine and other gannents, and left them for dead, saying, Lie there, daughters of the Cid ©f Bivar, for it is not fitting that ye should be our Avives, nor RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^67 that ye should have your dower m the lands of Carrion ! We BOOK shall see how 3'our fatlier will avenge you, and we have now ,._^i^ avenged ourselves for the shame he did us with the Lion. And they rode away as they said this, leaving them to the mountain birds and to the beasts of the forest. Oh if the Cid Campeador had come upon them at that hour ! And the In- Poema dei . . . Cid. 2699. fantes rode on glorying in what they had done, for they said that 2773. ■■ 1 • 1 1 Chr.dtlCid. the daughters of the Cid were worthy to be their harlots, but cap. 230. not their wives. ff- '^s'- XV. When the Infantes, before they committed this great HowPekt cruelty, ordered their company to ride forward, Felez Munoz thclT'dame, the nephew of the Cid, rode on with the rest : but this order f^fsu nothing pleased him, and he was troubled at heart, insomuch that he went aside from his companions, and struck into the fo- rest, and there Avaited privily till he should see his cousins come, or learn what the Infantes had done to them. Presently he saw the Infantes, and heard what they said to each other. Certes if they had espied him he could not have escaped death. But they pricked on not seeing him, and he rode back to the foun- tain, and there he found the women lying senseless, and in such plight as ye have heard. And he made great lamentation over them, saying. Never can it please God that ye my cousins should receive such dishonour! God and St. Mary give them who have done this an evil guerdon ! for ye never deserved this, neither are ye of a race to deserve that this or any other evil should betide ye ! By this time the women began to come to themselves, but they could not speak, for their hearts were breaking. And Felez Munoz called out to them, Cousins? Cousins ! Doiia Elvira ! Dona Sol ! for the love of God rouse yourselves that we may get away before night comes, or the wild beasts will devour us ! and they came to themselves and began to open their eyes, and saw that he who spake to them 268 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Avas Felez Munoz; and he said to them, For the love of God vni s*,.v^ take heart and let us be gone ; for the Infantes will soon seek for me, and if God do not befriend us we shall all be slain. And Dona Sol said to him in her great pain. Cousin, for all that our father hath deserved at your hands, give us water, Felez Munoz took his hat and filled it with water and gave it to them. And he comforted them and bade them take courage, and besought them to bear up. And he placed them upon his horse, and covered them both with his cloak, and led them through the oak forest, into the thickest part thereof, and there he made a bed of leaves and of grass, and laid them on it, and co- vered them with his cloak, and he sate down by them and be- gan to weep,, for he knew not what he should do ; for he had no food, and if he went to seek it, great danger was there because they were wounded and bloody, that the wild beasts and the ^oema del bLsds of thc mountaiu would attack them ; and on the other ctd.^2774. j^jjj^j^ unless he went to his uncle the Cid, to tell him of this cap'.ilo. ' ' wickedness, none other knew what had been done, and thus f/297." there Avould be no vengeance taken. How Pen XVI. While Felez Munoz was in this great trouble the In- the other fantes joined their company, and their spurs were bloody and knights de- ii-ii ii- i*« tied the In. thcir hauds also from the wounds whicli they had given theiJ" wives. And when their people saw them in this plight, and that theii wives were not with them, they weened that some wickedness had been done ; and all they who Avere of good heart and un- derstanding among them went apart, to the number of an hundred, with one who was named Pero Sanchez ; and he spake unto them, saying, Friends, these Infantes have done a foul deed upon their wives, the daughters of our Lord the Cid ; and they are our liege Ladies, for we did homage to them before Mieir father, and accepted them as such ; and the Cid made us knights that we should discharge the duty which we owe to RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ggg them. NoAV then, it beho\ eth us that we arm ourselves, and BOOK demand of the Infantes what they have done with our ladies, ^^1^" and require them at their hands. And if they will not deliver them to us, then will Ave fight against them even to death ; for thus shall we do right, and otherwise we shall be ill spoken of, and not worthy to live in the world. This was the counsel which Pero Sanchez gave, and they all held it good and did accordingly. And the Infantes, when they saw them coming and heard tlieir demand, Avere greatly afraid, and they said, Go to the fountain in the Oak-forest of Cc rpes, and there ye may find them ; we left them safe and sound, and no harm have Ave done unto them ; but Ave Avould not take them Avith us. Ill have ye done, replied those knights, to forsake such Avives, and the daughters of such a father, and ill will ye fare for it! And from henceforAvard, vre renounce all fiiendship Avith ye, and defy ye for the Cid, and for ourselves, and for all his people. And the Infantes could not reply. And Avhen they saAv that the Infantes did not ansAver, they said. Get ye gone for traitors and false caitiffs ; there is no Avay in the Avorld by Avhich ye can escape from the enemies Avhom ve have now made! But for all this the Infantes made no reolv. %T''i^- and Avent their Avay. ff- '^^t- XVII. Pero Sanchez and those other knights rode back „„„ t^,„ to the green laAvn in the Oak-forest, Avhere they had left the ]t£tZ^' dames; and Avhen they came to the fountain they saAvthat there ^^nl^" ^* Avas blood round about, but the dames Avere not there; and they Avere greatly troubled, and kncAv not where to seek them. And they Avent about the forest seeking them, calling them aloud, and making great lamentation for the ill that had befallen, and also, because they could not find them. Noav Felez Muiioz and the Avomen heard tlieir voices, and Avcre in great fear, for they Aveened that it Avas the Infantes and their company, who Avere returned Avith intent to kill thera ; and in their great. QJQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK fear they remained still, and would fain have been far from that V^ T I T .^>-v<^ place. So Ptro Sanchez and they who were with him went about seeking them in vain. Then spake up a knight called Martin Ferrandez, who was a native of liurgos, saying, Friends, it boots us to turn back from hence and follow after the In- fantes, and do battle with them, even unto death, because of this wickedness which they have committed, rather than return to tlie Cid ; for if we do not strive to take vengeance, we are not worthy to appear before him. And if, peradventure, we cannot come up with them upon the road, let us go before the King Don Alfonso, and discover unto him this foul deed, and tell him the truth thereof, to the intent that he may order justice to be done for such a thing ; for certes, greatly will he be troubled when he knoweth it, and greatly will he be incensed against them, inasmuch as he it was who besought the Cid to give them his daughters to wife. And Ave will not depart from the King's house, nor take unto ourselves any other Lord till the Cid shall have obtained justice in this matter. And all those knights held this counsel to be good, and agreed to do so. And they took their way and followed after the Infantes as fast as they could, taking no rest ; but the Infantes had ridden away full speed, and they could not overtake them. And when they saw this they ' went their way to King Don Alfonso who was at Palencia, and they came before him and kissed his hands, and then with sorrow- ful hearts told him of the evil which had betallen the Cid, in this dishonour done unto his daughters by the Infantes of Carrion. And when the King heard it he was grievously otfended, as one who had great part therein ; and he said unto them. It must needs be, that before many days we shall receive tidings of tliis from the Cid Campeador, and then upon his complaint we will enter c4'.' ^4^.^' into the business in such wise, that every one shall have justice. f!w'" Tlien Pero Sanchez and the other knights kissed the King's hands RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. g^l for what he had said ; and they abode in his court, waiting tidings BOOK from the Cid. Vlii. XVIII. When Felez Murioz saw that the voices which they Hoi^Fdez heard had ceased, he Avent after a while to a village which was jouZ'agood I -1 if~* 1/^11 mail 'who at hand, to seek tood for the dames and for himself; and in this '""^ ^he , (lames to his manner he kept tliem for seven days. And in that village he '"'"''• found a good man, Avho was a husbandman, and who lived a godly hfe with his Avife and Avith his daughters ; and this good man kncAv the Cid Kuydiez, for the Cid had lodged in his house, and he had heard tell of his o-reat feats. And Avhen Felez Munoz kneAv this he took the man aside, seeing hoAV good a man he was, and hoAv well he spake of the Cid, and told him what had befallen those dames, and hoAv he had hidden them in the Avood. And Avhen the good man heard it he had great ruth for them, but he held himself a happy man in that he could do them service; and he took tAvo asses and Avent Avith Felez Munoz to the place Avhere they Avere hidden, and took Avith him his tAvo sons, Avho were young men. And Avhen the dames saAv them they marA'elled who they might be, and Avere ashamed and would haA'e hidden themselves; but they could not. And the good man bent his knees before them, Aveeping, and said, Ladies, I am at the sen'ice of the Cid your father, who hath many times lodged in my house, and I served him the best I could, and he alway Avas bountiful toAvard me. And noAv, this young man, Avho saith his name is Felez Munoz, hath told me the gieat wrong and dishonour Avhich your husbands, the Infaiites of Camon, have done unto you. And Avhen I heard it I was moved to great sorroAv, and for the gi'eat desire I have to do service to the Cid and to you, I am come hither, to carry you, if you Avill be so pleased, upon these beasts, to my house ; for you must not remain in this wild forest, Avhere the beasts would devour you. And when you are there, I and my Avife 2y2 . CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK and my daughters will serve you the best we can ; and you may <.yv^ then send this squire to your lather, and we will keep you secretly and well till your father shall send for you ; this place is not fit for you, for you would die of cold and hunger. When the good man had said this, Doiia Sol turned to Dona Elvira and said, Sister, the good man saith well, and it is better that we should go with him than remain and die here, for so shall we see the vengeance which I trust in God our father will give us. So they gave thanks to God, and to that good man. And he set them upon his beasts, and led them to the village, when it was now night ; and they entered his house secretly, so that none knew of their coming save the good man and his family, whom he charged that chr.ddCid. they should tell no man thereof. And there his wife and his cir-Gcii. daughters ministered unto them with pure good will. XIX. Then these dames wrote a letter to their father the How Diego Teiieztook Q^A wliich was a letter of credence, that he should believe these dames ' Lf"'^'''' t^^c tidings which Felez Mufioz would deliver, and they wrote it with the blood from their wounds. And Felez Munoz went his way toward Valencia ; and when he came to Santeste- ban he spake with Diego Tellez, who had been of the company of Alvar Faiiez, and told him what had befallen. He, so soon as he heard this great villainy, took beasts and seemly rai- ment, and went for those dames, and brought them from the house of that good man " to Santesteban, and did them all ho- nour that he could. They of Santesteban were always gentle men ; and they comforted the daughters of the Cid, and there • « The Poem says that they came to the Douro, and he left them at the Tower of Dona Uriaca, and went on to Santesteban ; saying notliing of the ' good man,' . . on the contrary, both Chronicles say nothing of Diego Tellez. They are easily reconciled, by supposing that one supplies-what the other omits. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^yg they were healed of their hurts. In the mean time Felez BOOK Munoz proceeded on his journey ; and it came to pass that v^„.^ he met Alvar Fanez Minaya, and Pero Bermudez on the way, going to the King with a present which the Cid had sent him ; and the present was this, . . two hundred horses, from those which he had won in the battle of Quarto from King Bucar, and an hundred Moorish prisoners, and many good swords, and many rich saddles. And as Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez rode on in talk, they thought that it was he, and marvelled greatly ; and he when he drew nigh began to tear his hair, and make great lamentation, so that they were greatly amazed. And they alighted, asking him what it was. And he related unto them all that had befallen. But when they heard this, who can tell the lamentation which they made.'' And they took counsel together what they should do, and their counsel was this, , . that they should proceed to the King, and demand justice at his hands in the name of the Cid, and that Felez Munoz should proceed to Valencia. So he told them the name Pomadei of the good man with whom he had left the dames, and the assa. place where he dwelt, and also how he had spoken with Diego «?. 244. Tellez at Santesteban, and then they parted. i-23s. XX. Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez held on their wa}'', howMv^t and came to the King, whom they found in Valladolid. x\nd he maUedjut. received them right well, and asked them for the Cid, and they Kingagai^t kissed his hand and said. Sir, the Cid commends himself to your grace ; he hath had a good affair with King Bucar of Mo- rocco, and hath defeated him, and nine and twenty Kings who came with him, in the field of Quarto, and great booty did he gain there in gold and in silver, and in horses and tents and cat- tle ; and he hath slain many and taken many prisoners. And in acknowledgment of you as his natural Lord, he sends you two hundred horses, and an hundred black Moors, and many 2 y Qj^ CHRONICLE or THE CID, BOOK rich saddles and precious swords, beseeching you to accept Z^^ them at his hand, in token of the desire he hath to do service to God and to you, maintaining the faith of Jesus Christ. And King Don Alfonso made answer and said, that he took the present of the Cid with a right good will, as of the truest and most honourable vassal that ever Lord had : and he gave order to his people to receive it, and bade Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez seat themselves at his feet. After a while Alvar Fanez rose and said. Sir, when we departed fiom the Cid we ' left him in great honour and prosperity ; but on our way we met a squire Avho is his nephew, by name Felez Munoz, and he hath told us the evil and the dishonour which both we and the Cid endure in the villainy Avliich the Infantes of Carrion have committed upon his daughters. You, Sir, know hovr great this villainy hath been, and how nearly it toucheth you, for the marriage was of your appointment, and I gave them by your command to the Infantes. Pero Sanchez hath told you that tliC dames Avere dead, as he believed them to be ; but we. Sir, know that they are yet alive, having been grievously hurt and wounded Avith bridles and spurs, and stript of their gar- ments, .. in Avhich plight Felez Munoz found them. Certes such a thing as this cannot please God in Heaven, and ought to offend you who are' TiOrd here in j^our own realm. Now therefore Ave beseech you that you take justice for yourself, and oive us and the Cid ours. And let not the Cid be dis- honoured in your time, for blessed be God, he hath never been dishonoured yet, but hath gone on alway advancing in honour since King Don Ferrando your father knighted him in Coinibra. To tliis the King made ansAver and said, God knoAveth the trouble which I resent for this dishonour AvhicH hath been done to the Cid, and the more I hear of it the more doth it trouble me, and many reasons are there why it RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gy^ should; for my own sake, and for the sake of the Cid, and BOOK for the sake of his daughters ; but since they are yet ahve the ^^JE^ evil is not so great, for as they have been wrongfully put to shame, notliing meriting such treatment, they may be rightfully avenged, as my Cortes shall deteraiine. Moreover it is a grief to me that my vassals the Infantes of Carrion should have erred so badly and with such cruelty ; but since it hath been so I cannot but do justice. I hold it good therefore to summon them to my Cortes, which I will assemble for this matter in Toledo, and the time assigned them shall be three months from this day ; and do ye tell the Cid to come there with such of his people as he shall think good. Glad were Alvar Faiiez and Pero Bermudez of this reply, and they kissed his hand, and dispeeded themselves. And the King ordered mules to be given them for the dames, with right noble saddles and trappings of gold cJ.'aL.' " and cloth of gold and of avooI, with menever and gris' . /.sisg.'"' XXI. Then Alvar Fanez and Pero Bermudez went their HouMvar ■way, and Pero Sanchez and his company departed with them. /<"■"'« They went up Val de Esgueva to Penafiel, and by Roa and Arrueco, and they entered the Oak-forest of Corpes, and Pero Sanchez showed the place beside the fountain where the vil- lainy had been committed ; and they made such lamentation there as if they had seen the dames lie dead before them. Then ^ode they to the village where the good man dwelt, and went to his dwelling, and good guerdon did they give unto him for the sendee which he had done, so that he was full well requited. And they took with them the two sons and the two daughters of the good man, that they might recompense them for the ' I do not pretend to explain words which have baffled the researches of all glossarists : . . but it is evident that ptiias de ve/os e grises mean these furs whatever they may have been. qjQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK good deeds of their father ; and the dames gave them in mar- v,,,^v-w riage, and made them full rich, and held them even as bro- thers and as sisters, because of the service which they had received from them. When it was known at Santesteban that Minaya was coming for his kinswomen, the men of that town Avelcomed him and his company, and they brought him in payment the efurcion, that is to say, the supper-money, and it was full great. But Minaya would not accejit it at their hands, and he thanked them and said, Thanks, men of Santesteban, tor what ye have done, and my Cid the Campeador will thank ye, as I do, and God will give ye your guerdon. Then went they to visit their kinswomen, and when they saw the dames, who can tell the great lamentation which was made on both sides .'' albeit that they rejoiced to see each other. And Minaya said unto them, By God, cousins, he knoweth the truth, and your father and mother know it also, . . I misdoubted this when you went away with those false ones ; and it grieved me when your father said that he had given his consent that ye should go, and your mo- ther gainsaid it also ; but we could not prevail, for he said he had consented. Plowbeit, since ye are alive, of evils let us be thankful for the least: you have lost one marriage, and may gain a better, and the day will come when Ave shall avenge ye. That night they rested at Santesteban, and on the morrow they set forward and took the road towards Atienza, and the men of San- testeban escorted them as far as the river Damor, to do them pleasure. And they past Alcoceba, and went on to the King's Ford, and there took up their lodging at the Casa de Berlanga- On the morrow they lodged at Medina Celi, and from thence cil'Tste. they went to Molina, and Abengalvon came out with a right cyMicid. good will to Avelcome them, for love of the Cid, and he did 24^5. ■ them all the honour that he could. And it was accorded be- i:%o. "■ tween them that the dames should rest there some days, because RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. gyy of their weakness, and that they should send and let the Cid BOOK know what had been done. ^^-v>l/ XXII. Then Pero Bermudez went on to Valencia, and Alvar ihwFero Fanez and the rest of his company abode with the dames in Ttiu^ed'o Molina. And when Pero Bermudez arrived he found the Cid Ruydiez just risen with his chivalry from dinner, and Avhen the Cid saw him he welcomed him right well ; howbeit he could not refrain from weeping; for before this Felez Munoz had told him all. And he stroked his beard and said, Thanks be to Christ, the Lord of this Avorld, by this beard which no one hath ever cut, the Infantes of Canion shall not triumph in this ! And he began to take comfort, hearing how King Don Alfonso had appointed the Cortes. And he took Pero Bermudez by the hand and led him to Dona Ximena, Avho wept greatly at seeing him, and said, Ah, Pero Bermudez, Avhat tidings bringest thou of my daughters? And he comforted her and said. Weep not, Lady, for I left them alive and well at Molina, and Alvar Fanez with them ; by God's blessing you shall have good vengeance for them ! Then the Cid seated himself near his wife, and Pero Bermudez took his seat before them, and told them all that he had done, and how the King had summoned them to the Cortes at Toledo. And he said unto the Cid, My uncle and Lord, I know not what to say, but ill is my luck that I could not take vengeance before I returned here; and certes, if I could have found them I would have died, or have compleated it : but they when they had done this villainy dared not appear before the King, neither in his Court, and therefore he hath issued this summons to them that they should come. Manifestly may it be seen that the King well inclineth to give you justice, if you fail not to demand it. Now then I beseech you tarry not, but let us to horse and confront them and accuse them, for this is not a thing to be done leisurely. And the Cid answered and said, 278 ' CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Chafe not thyself, Pero Bermudez, for the man who thinketh by v,,-^^ chafing to expedite his business, leaveth oft worse than he began. Be you certain, that if I die not I shall take vengeance upon those traitors, and I trust in God not to die till I have taken it. Now therefore, give me no more anger than I feel in my own heart, for Felez Munoz hath given me enough. I thank my Lord King Don Alfonso for the answer Avhich he gave you, and. for appointing the Cortes, and in such guise will I appear there as shall gall them who wish ill to me. God willing, we will take our departure in good time ! Do you now return to Molina, and rocma dd i-jj-ij^o- on my dau2i;htcrs, for I would fain see them ; and I will Clii. 2639. O »/ O -■ cVr^eicid. talk with them that they may tell me the whole truth of this ^Te "'■ thing, that I may knoAV the whole when I go to the court of the /. 290™' the King to demand vengeance. How the XXIII. Pero Bermudez returned the next day to Molina, turnedto whcre Abengalvon had done great honour to the dames, and to Alvar Fanez, and all that were with him. And they departed from Molina, and Abengalvon with them, for he would not leave them till he had brought them to Valencia to his Lord the Cid. And when the Cid knew that they were drawing nigh he rode out two leagues to meet them, and when they saw him they made great lamentation, they and all his company, not only the Christians but the Moors also who were in his service. But my Cid embraced his daughters, and kissed them both, and smiled and said, Ye are come, my children, and God Avill heal you! I accepted this marriage for you, but I could do no other; by God's pleasure ye shall be better mated hereafter. And when they reached Valencia and went into the Alcazar to their mother pctmadei DoHa Xlmcua, who can tell the lamentation which was made 2905!' ^^ " by the mother over her daughters, and the daughters with their tap 246 mother, and by the women of their household. Three days did f.m'"' this great lamentation last. And the Cid thanked Abengalvon, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 279 his vassal, for the honour which he had shown to his children and BOOK their company, and promised to protect him from all y>^ho should i!!^ come against him. And Abengalvon returned to Molina well pleased. ^ ■i -a^e '^ HERE BEGINNETH THE NINTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK I- My Cid the Campeador made ready to appear at the ^^- Cortes in Toledo, and he left the Bishop Don Hieronymo, and Howthecid Martin Pelaez the Asturian, to command in Valencia, and five aepurtedfor ' the Cortes. \^y^^-^^yQ^ kniglits With them, all hidalgos. And he spake with his daughters, and commanded and besought them to tell him the whole truth, how this matter had been, and not say the thing which was false ; and they did accordingly, and related unto him all, even as it had befallen them. And the Cid departed from Valencia, and with him went Alvar Faiiez Minaya with two hundred knio-hts, and Pero Bermudez with one hundred, and Martin Antolinez Avith fift}'^, and Martin Fernandez with other fifty, and Felez Ferruz and Benito Sanchez with fifty each ; . . these were five hundred knights. And there Avent fifty with Martin Garcia and Martin Salvadorez, and fifty with Pero Gonzalvez and Martin Munoz, and Diego Sanchez of Arlanza went with fifty, and Don Nuiio, he Avho colonized Cu- RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ggj biella, and Alvar Bermudez he who colonized Osma, went with BOOK forty, and Gonzalo Mimoz of Orbaneja, and Muno Ravia, Ji^ and Yvafiez Cornejo with sixty, and INIuno Fernandez the Lord of Monteforte, and Gomez Fernandez he. Avho colonized Pam- phega with sixty ; and Don Garcia de Roa and Serrazin his brother, Lord of Aza, with ninety ; and Antolin Sanchez of Soria took with him forty knights who were his children or his kin : . . nine ^ hundred knights were they in all. And there Avent Avith them five hundred esquires on foot, all hidalgos, beside those who Avere bred in liis household, and beside other foot- men, who Averemany in number. All these Avent well clad in ri^ht good garments, and Avith good horses, to serve the Cid both in SlI?^"^' the Cortes and in war. f-lgf^' 11. King Don Alfonso made no delav, but sent out his letters „ . , •' now the In- through Leon and Santiago, to the PortuoTieze and the G ali- •(""'T'^" <-? o "** Jain have cians, and they of Canion, and the Castillians, that he would hold iTJt a Cortes in Toledo at the end of scA^en weeks, and that they Avho did not appear should no longer be accounted his vassals. At this greatly Avere the Infantes of Carrion troubled, for they feared the coming of my Cid the Campeador. And they took coun- sel Avith their kin and prayed the King that he Avould hold them excused from that Cortes; and the King made ansAver, that nothing but God should excuse them from it, for the Campeador Avas coming to demand justice against them, and he, quoth the King, Avho Avill not appear, shall quit my kingdoms. So Avhen they saAv that they must needs appear, they took coun- sel Avith the Count Don Garcia, the enemy of my Cid, Avho ahvay Avished him ill, and they went Avith the gi-eatest company ffp'**'- ' The number is not accurate, and the Chronica General, which differs in the detail, is also erroneous in the sum total. 2 o 282 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK that they could assemble, thinking to dismay my Cid the Cam- -oos-/ peador. And they arrived before him. ofthemM. III. When my Cid drew niffh unto Toledo, he sent Alvar Img between -p, „ „ the Cid and t iinez forward to kiss the King's hand, and let him wit that the King. O ' he should be there that night. When the Kino- heard this it rejoiced his heart, and he took horse and went out with a great company to meet him who was born in happy hour; and there went with him his sons-in-law, the Count Don An- rrich, and the Count Don Remond ; this one was the father of the good Emperor '^. When they came in sight, the Cid dismounted and fell to the ground, and would have abased himself to honour his Lord, but the King cried out to him and said, By St. Isidro this must not be to-day ! Mount, Cid, or I shall not be well pleased! I Avelcome you with heart and soul ; . . and my heart is grieved for your grief. God send that the court be honoured by you ! Amen, said my Cid the Campeador, and he kissed liis hand, and afterwards saluted him. And the Cid said, I thank God that I see you, Sir; and he humbled himself to Count Don Anrrich, and Count Don Remond, and the others, and said, God save all our friends, and chiefly you. Sir! my wife Dona Ximena kisses your hand, and my daughters also, that this thing which hath befallen us, may be found displeasing unto you. And the King said. That will it be, unless God prevent. So they rode toward Toledo. And the King said unto him, I have ordered you to be lodged in my Palaces of Galiana, that you may be near me. And the Cid answered, Gramercy, * Aquestefue padre del buen Emperador. Poema del Cid. 3014. This line looks as if the ' Good Emperor ' were reigaing when it was written. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. qqo Sir! God grant you long life and happy, but in your Palaces BOOK there is none who should be lodged save you. When you hold ^^' your Cortes let it be in those Palaces of Galiana, for there is better room there than in the Alcazar. I will not cross the Tagus to-night, but will pass the night in St. Servans on this side, and hold a vigil there. To-morrow I will enter the city, and be in the court before dinner. The King said that it pleased him well, and he returned into Toledo. And the Cid went into the Church of St. Servans, and ordered candles to be placed upon the altar, for he would keep a vigil there ; and there he remained with Minaya and the other good ones, praying to the Lord, and talking in private. The tents of p„e„„oth.K,ng Palaces of Galiana % and he and his people went in gravely, he '^'ol'lf' in the midst and his hundred knights round about him. AVhen ''"'"""'' he who was born in happy hour entered, the good King Don Alfonso rose up, and the Counts Don Anrrich and Don Remond did the like, and so did aU the others, save the curly-headed one of Granoji, and they who were on the side of the Infantes of Carrion. All tlie others received him with great honour. And he said unto the King, Sir, whei'e do you bid me sit with these my kinsmen and friends who are come with me.? And the King made answer, Cid, you are such a one, and have past your time so well to this day, that if you would listen to me and fee commanded by me, I should hold it good that you took your seat with me ; for he who hath conquered Kings, ought to be seated with Kings. But the Cid answered. That, Sir, would not please God, but I Avill be at your feet : for by the favour of the King your father Don Ferrando was I made, his creature and the creature of your brother King Don Sancho am I, and it beJioveth not that he who receiveth bounty should sit with him who dispenseth it. And the King answered. Since you will not sit with me, sit on your ivory seat, for you won it like a good man; and from this day I order that none except King or Pre- ' Both the Chronicles make him carry his whole nine hundred knights to the Cortes. The Poem is more reasonable. 288 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK late sit with you, for you have conquered so many high-born ,^^Y-i-' men, and so many Kings, both Christians and Moors, that for this reason there is none who is your peer, or ought to be seated Avith you. Sit therefore hke a King and Lord upon your ivory seat °. Then the Cid kissed the King's hand, and thanked him for what he had said, and for the honour which lie had done him ; and he took his seat, and his hundred knights seated Focma dd themselves round about him. All who were in the Cortes sate sis';. ' looking at my Cid and at his long beard which he had bound cap. 250. with a cord ; but the Infantes of Carrion could not look upon Chr. Gen. '^ ff. i93 him for shame. How the VIII. When they were all seated the King gave command pomted Ai- that they should be silent ; and when the Cid saAv that they were taldes to "^ "^ givejudg. all still, he rose and spake after this manner. Sir King Don merit m this ' JT O cause. Alfonso, I beseech you of your mercy that you would hear me, and give command that I should be heard, and that you would suffer none to interrupt me, for I am not a man of speech, neither know I how to set forth my words, and if they interrupt me I shall be worse. Moreover, Sir, give command that none s. be bold enough to utter unseemly words, nor be insolent towards me, least we should come to strife in your presence. Then King Don Alfonso rose and said. Hear me, as God shall help you I Since I have been King I have held only two Cortes, one in Burgos, and one in Carrion. This thiixl I have assembled here in Toledo for the love of the Cid, that he may demand justice against the Infantes of Carrion for the wrongs which we all know. The Counts Don Anrrich and Don Remond shall be Alcaldes « On that seat which you gave me as a gift, says the Poeaij omitting all the previous circumstances about it. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 289 3153 Chr.delCid. in tliis cause ; and these other Counts Avho are not on either side, BOOK give ye all good heed, for ye are to take cognizance that the right v./i^ may be decreed. And I give order, and forbid any one to speak without my command, or to utter ought insolent against the Cid ; and I swear by St. Isidro, that whosoever shall disturb the Cortes shall lose my love and be banished from the king- dom. I am on the side of him who shall be found to have the right. Then those Counts who were appointed Alcaldes were Poem^dd- sworn upon the Holy Gospels, that they would judge between ' ^'^^' the Cid and the Infantes of Carrion, rightly and truly, according "^cap.Tsl to the law of Castille and Leon. f.293."'' IX. AVhen this was done the King bade the Cid make his HoKtheCid demand ; and the Cid rose and said. Sir, there is no reason for ba^kVoLda making long speeches here, which would detain the Cortes. I "" demand of the Infantes of Carrion, before you, two swords which I gave into their keeping; the one is Colada and the other Tizona. I Avon them like a man, and gave them to the keeping of the Infantes that they might honour my daughters with them, and serve you. When they left my daughters in the Oak-forest of Corpes they chose to have nothing to do Avith me, and re- nounced my love ; let them therefore give me back the SAVords, seeing that they are no longer my sons-in-laAV. Then the King- commanded the Alcaldes to judge upon this demand according as they should find the right; and they took counsel and judged, that the SAVords should be restored unto the Cid. And Count Don Garcia said they Avould talk concerning it ; and the Infantes of Carrion talked apart with those Avho Avere on their side, and they thought that they Avere Avell off; for that the Cid Avould demand nothing more of them, but Avould leave the Cortes Avhen he had recovered the SAvords. So they brought the swords Colada and Tizona, and delivered them to the King. The King dreAv the SAVords, and the Avhole Court shone Avith their bright- 2 p ggQ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK ness: their hilts were of sohd gold; all the eood men of the ^„.^^ Cortes marvelled at them. And the Cid rose and received them, and kissed the King's hand, and went back to his ivory seat ; and he took the swords in his hand and looked at them ; they could not change them, for the Cid knew them well, and liis whole frame rejoiced, and he smiled from his heart. And he laid them upon his lap and said, Ah, ray swords, Colada and Tizona, truly may I say of you, that you are the best swords in Spain ; and I won you, for I did not get you either by buy- ing or by barter. I gave ye in keeping to the Infantes of Car- rion that they might do honour to my daughters with ye. But ye were not for them! they kept ye hungry, and did not feed ye with flesh as ye were wont to be fed. Well is it for you that ye have escaped that thraldom and are come again to my hands, and happy man am I to recover you. Then Alvar Fanez rose and kissed the hand of the Cid, and said, I beseech you give Colada into my keeping while this Cortes shall last, that I may defend you therewith : and the Cid gave it him and said. Take it, it hath changed its master for the better. And Pero Ber- mudez rose and made the same demand for the sword Tizona, and the Cid gave it him in like manner. Then the Cid laid hand upon his beard as he was wont to do, and the Infantes of Car- Pxmadd rion and they who were of their side thought that he meant to S2I0. disturb the Cortes, and they were greatly atraid ; but he sate cap. 252. still like a man of good understandmg, for he was not one who f. 283. did things lightly. How the Cid X. Then the Cid rose and said. Thanks be to God and to made his sf- i /-i i i i m- cmddemand yQu, Sir Kinff, I havc recovered my swords Colada and lizona. against the •' ^ "^ c r^ ■ hfanus. I have now another demand against the Infantes of Carrion. Kino- Don Alfonso, you Avell know that it was your pleasure to bid me meet you at Requeiia, and I went there in obedience to your command. And you asked of me my daughters in mar- RODRIGO DIAZ L>E BIVAR. c^q-i riage for the Infantes, and I did not refuse, in tliat I would not BOO K disobey your command ; and you bade me deliver them to my J^^ kinsman here Don Alvar Faiiez, and he gave them to the In- fantes to be their wives, and the blessing Avas given them in the church of St. Mary, according to the law of Rome. You, Sir, gave them in marriage, not I ; and you did it for good, not for evil ; but what they did was after another wise. And though they are of great blood and honourable, yet would I not have given my daughters to them, unless in obedience to your command ; and this, Sir, you well know,. for so I said unto you. I gave them, w^hen they took my daughters from Valencia, horses and mules, and cups and vessels of fine gold, and nmch wrought silver, and many noble garments, and other gifts, three thousand marks of silver in all, thinking that I gave it to my daughters whom I loved. Now, Sir, since they have cast my daughters off, and hold themselves to have been dishonoured in marryino- them, give command that they restore unto me this which is my own, or that they show cause Avhy they should not. Then mio'ht 3'ou have seen the Infantes of Carrion in great chafino-. And Count Don Remond called upon them to speak ; and they said, We gave his swords to the Cid Campeador, that he might ask nothing more of us, if it please the King. But the King said that they must answer to the demand. And they asked to consult together concerning it ; and the King bade them take counsel and make answer incontinently. So they went apart, and with them eleven Counts and Ricos-omes who were on their side, but no right or reason could they find for opposing this demand which the Cid had made. Howbeit Count Don Garcia spake for them and said. Sir, this which the Cid demands back from them, it is true that he gave it, but they have expended it in your service ; we hold therefore that they are not bound to make restit'.ition of it, seeing how it hath been expended. Ne- 292 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK vertheless if you hold it to be lawful that they should restore this v_^ money, give order that time be given them to make the pay- ment, and they will go to Carrion, their inheritance, and there discharge the demand as you shall decree. When the Count had thus said he sate down. And the Cid arose and said. Sir, if the Infantes of Camon have expended aught in your service, it toucheth not me. You and the Alcaldes whom you have ap- pointed have heard them admit that I gave them tliis treasure, and this excuse Avhich they set up ; I pray you let judgment be given Avhether they are bound to pay it or not. Then King Don Alfonso answered and said. If the Infantes of Carrion have ex- pended aught in my service, I am bound to repay it, for the Cid must not lose what is his own : and he bade the Alcaldes consult together and judge according to what they should find right. And the Alcaldes having taken counsel ga\e judgment, that seeing the Infantes acknowledged the Cid had given them this treasure with his daughters, and they had abandoned them, they must needs make restitution in the Cortes of the King there-right : and the King confirmed this sentence, and the Cid rose and kissed the King's hand. Greatly were the Infantes of Carrion troubled at this sentence, and they besought the King- that he would obtain time for them from the Cid, in Avhich to make their payment; and the King besought him to grant them fifteen days, after this manner, that they should not depart from the Court till they had made the payment, and that the^^ should plight homage for the observance of this. And the Cid granted Avhat the King desired, and they plighted homage ac- cordingly in the hands of the King. Then made they their account with the King, and it was found that what they had expended for his service was two hundred marks of silver, and the King said that he would repay this, so that there re- mained for them two thousand and eight hundred to pay. ROBRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. Qg$ Who can tell the trouble in which the Infantes were, to pay BOOK this treasure to the Cid, they and all their kindred and friends, ,^"^ for it was full hard for them to accomplish. And they took up upon trust horses and mules and Avrought silver, and other precious things, and as they could get them, delivered them over to the Cid. Then might you have seen many a good-going horse brought there, and many a good mule, and many a good palfrey, and many a good sword with its mountings. And they sent to Carrion to their father and mother to help them, for they were in gi'cat trouble : and they raised for them p„e„<, ^ all they could, so that they made up the sum Avithin the time 3263. , , , Chr.del Cid, appointed. And then they thought that the matter was at an cap. 253. end, and that nothing more would be demanded from them. f- 294. XI. After this payment had been made the Cortes assem- HowiheCid , . , made his bled again, and the Kino; and all the honourable men bemg each third de- in his place, the Cid rose from his ivory seat, and said, Sir, tke in/antes. praise be to God and your favour, I have recovered my swords, and my treasure ; noAv then 1 pray you let this other demand be heard which I have to make against the Infantes. Full hard it is for me to make it, tliough I ha\e it rooted in my heart ! I say then, let them make answer before you, and tell^ why it was that they besought you to marry them Avith my daughters, and why they took them away from me from Ya- lencia, when they had it in heart to dishonour me, and to strike them, and leave them as they were left, in the Oak-forest of Corpes ? Look, Sir, Avhat dishonour they did them ! they stript ihem of the garments which they had not given them, as if they had been bad Avomen, and the children of a bad father. AVith less than mortal defiance I shall not let them go ! . . . How had I deserved this. Infantes, at your hands ? I gave you my daughters to take Avith you from V alencia; Avith great honour and great treasures gave I them unto you ; . . Dogs and Trai- 294 CHRONICLE. OF THE CID, BOOK tors, . . ye took them from Valencia when ye did not love them", v^^ and with your bridles ye smote and with your spurs ye spurn- ed and Avounded them, and ye left them alone in the Oak- forest, to the wild beasts, and to tie birds of the mountain! King Don Alfonso, they neither remembered God, nor you, nor me, nor their own good fortune! And iiere was fu idled the saying of the wise man, that harder it is for those who have no imderstanding to bear with good than with evil. Praise be to God and to your grace, such a one am I, and such favour hath God shown me, from the day when I first had horse and arms, until now, that not only the Infantes of Carrion, but saving yourself, Sir, there is not a King in Christendom who might not think himself honoured in marrying Avith either of my daughters, . . how much more then these traitors ! . . I be- seech you give me justice upon them for the evil and disho- nour which they have done me ! And if you and your Cortes will not right me, through the mercy of God and my own good cause, I will take it myself, for the offence which they have committed against God and the faith, and the truth which they promised and vowed to theii' wives. I will pull them down from the honour in which they now are ; better men than they have I conquered and made prisoners ere now ! and with your license. Sir, to Carrion will I follow them, even to their inherit- ance, and there will I besiege them, and take them by the throat, and carry them prisoners to Valencia to my daughters, and there make them do penance for the crime which they have commit- ted, and feed them with the food Avhich they deserve. If I do not perform this, call me a flat traitor. When the King heard this he rose up and said, tliat it might be seen how he was offended in this thing. Certes, Cid Ruydiez Campeador, I asked your daughters of you for the Infantes of Carrion, because, as they well know, they besought me to do so, I never having thought RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. qq- thereof. It well seemeth now that they were not pleased BOOK with this marriage which I made at their request, and great Jl^ part of the dishonour which they have done you, toucheth me. But seeing ye are here in my presence, it is not fitting that you make your demand in any other manner than through my Cortes ; do you therefore accuse them, and let them acquit\hem- p„,„,^,i selves if they can before my Alcaldes, who will pass sentence f^t''"' according to what is right. And the Cid kissed the King's hand, S '.f '''• and returned to his place upon the ivory seat. ff^?'"- XII. Then the Cid arose and said, God prosper you. Sir, in Ho^theoa life, and honour, and estate, since you have compassion for me Si'*' and for the dishonour which my daughters have received. And he turned towards the Infantes of Carrion, and said, Fer- rando Gonzalez and Diego Gonzalez, I say that ye aie false traitors for leaving your wives as ye left them in the Oak-fo- rest ; and here before the King I attaint you as false traitors, and defy you, and will produce your peers who shall prove it upon you, and slay you or thrust you out of the lists, or make you confess it in yom- throats. And they were silent. And the King said, that seeing they were there present, they should make answer to what the Cid had said. Then Ferrando Gonzalez the elder arose and said. Sir, we are your subjects, of your kinodom of Castille, and of the best hidalgos therein,' sons of the Count Don Gonzalo Gonzalez ; and we hold that men of such station as ourselves were not well married Avith the daughters of Ruydiez of Bivar. And for this reason we forsook them, because they come not of blood fit for our wives, for one lineage is above another. Touching what he says, that we forsook them, he saith truly ; and we hold that in so doing we did nothing wrong, for they were not worthy to be our wives, and we are more to be esteemed for having left them, than we were while they were wedded with us. 296 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Now then, Sir, there is no reason why we should do battle v- BOOK accord, that if before the battle they could find any cause they .^^^ woukl kill the knights of the Cid : nevertheless, though they had determined upon this they dared not put it in CiFect, because they stood in fear of Ihe King. How the hi. II. And when the night came of which the moiTow was ap- fantcs sent ^o . , ■, r. y , , ., , ,, detire that pouited tor tlic couiDat, tliey on one side and on the otiier kept Colada and . . . , y- , Tizona . yigil iu tlic Cliurchcs, each in that Church to which he had the might not be ^ used against most dcvotiou. Niolit is past awav, and the dawn is now break- ing ; and at day-break a great multitude was assembled in the field, and many Ricos-omes came there for the pleasure which they would have in seeing this battle, and the King sent and commanded the champions to make ready. Moreover he made the two Counts liis sons-in-law, Don Anrrich and Don Remond, and the other Counts and their people, arm themselves and keep the field, that the kinsmen of the Infantes might not make a tumult there. Who can tell the great dole and sorrow of Count Gonzalo Gonzalez for his sons the Infantes of Carrion, because they had to do battle this day ! and in the fullness of his heart he curst the day and the hour in which he was born, tor his heart divined the sorrow Avhich he was to have for his children. Great was the multitude which was assembled from all Spam to behold this battle. And there in the field near the lis»s the champions of the Cid armed themselves on one side, and the Infantes on the othei-. And Count Don Remond armed the knights of the Cid, and instructed them how to do their devoir, and Count Garci Ordonez helped arm the Infantes of Carrion and their uncle Suero Gonzalez, and they sent to ask the King of his favour that he would give command that the swoids Colada and Tizona should not be used in that combat, liut the King would not, and he answered that each must take the best sword and the best arras that he could, save only that the one should not have more than the other. Greatly were they the RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^qj troubled at this reply, and greatly did they fear those good BOOK swords, and repent that they had taken them to the Cortes of ,J^ Toledo. And fi-om that hour the Intantes and Suero Gonzalez bcAvrayed in their countenances that they thought ill of Avhat they had done, and happy men would they have thought them- adl'sfiti selves if they had not committed that great villainy, and he if he Sifde/cij had not counselled it ; and gladly Avould they have given all 'cCgL that they had in Camon so it could now have been undone. ^' ^°^' III. And the King went to the place where the Infantes were ^"""'"'^ entered i armmg, and said unto them. If ye feared these swords ye should '"'* have said so in the Cortes of Toledo, for that Avas the place, and not this ; . . there is noAV nothing to be done but to defend your- selves stoutly, as ye have need against those with Avhom ye have to do. Then Avent he to the knights of the Cid, Avhom he found armed ; and they kissed his hand and said unto him, Sir, the Cid hath left us in your hand, and Ave beseech you see that no Avrong be done us in this place, Avhere the Infan.es of Carrion have their party ; and by God's mercy Ave Avill do ourselves right upon them. And the King bade them have no fear for that. Then their horses Avere brought, and they crost the saddles, and mounted, Avith their shields hanging from the neck ; and they took their spears, each of Avhich had its stream- er, and Avith many good men round about they Avent to the hsts ; and on the other side the Infantes and Count Suero Gonzalez came up Avith a great company of their friends and kinsmen and vassals. And the King said Avith a loud voice, Hear Avhat I say, Infantes of Carrion ! . . this combat I Avould have had Avaged in Toledo, but ye said that ye Avere not ready to perform it there, and therefore I am come to this Avhich is your native place, and have brought the knights of the Cid with me. They are come here under my safeguard. Let not there- fore you nor your kinsmen deceive yourselves, thinking to oveir 308 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK power them by tumult, or in any other way than by fair combat; -.^..^ for whosoever shall begin a tumult, I have given my people orders to cut him in pieces upon the spot, and no enquiry shall be made touching the death of him who shall so have offended. Full sorrowful were the Infantes of Carrion for this command, Avhich the King had given. And the King appointed twelve knights who were hidalgos to be true-men^ and place the com- batants in the lists, and show them the bounds at what point they were to win or to be vanquished, and to divide the sun Poema del i • i • i i cid.v.3b83. between them. And he went with a wand m his hand, and saw 36i23. chr.deicid. them placed on both sides ; then he went out of the lists, and cap. 264. I Chi' Gen g^^^ command that the j^eople should fall back, and not ap- I-''99. proach within seven spears-length of the lines of the lists. Of the com- IV. Now were the six combatants left alone in the lists, and bat between Pero Ber- eacli of theiii knew now Avith whom he had to do battle. And mudez and Gon-ak" ^^^^y ^^^^^ their helmets, and put shield upon the arm, and laid lance in rest. And the knights of my Cid advanced against the Infantes of Carrion, and they on their part against the cham- pions of the Campeador. Each bent down with his face to the saddle-bow, and gave his horse the spur. And they met all six with such a shock, that they who looked on expected to see them all fall dead. Pero Bermudez and Ferrando Gonzalez en- countered, and the shield of Pero Bermudez was pierced, but the spear past through on one side, and hurt him not, and brake in two places ; and he sat firm in his seat. One bloAv he received, but he gave another ; he drove his lance through Ferrando's shield, at his breast, so that nothing availed him. ' Fieles may be well rendered by this phrase ; the number twelve is particular- ized by the Chronica General. These true-men seem to have been literally judges of the facts that past before them. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 309 Ferrando's breast-plate was three fold; two plates the spear BOOK went clean through, and drove the third in before it, with the .^^^J^ velmez and the shirt, into the breast, near his heart ; . . and the girth and the poitral of his horse burst, and he and the saddle went together over the horse's heels, and the spear in him, and all thought him dead. Howbeit J'errando Gonzalez rose, and the blood began to run out of his mouth, and Pero Bermudez drew his sword and went against him ; but when he saw the sword Tizona over him, before he received a blow from it, he cried out that he confessed himself conquered, and that what Pero Bermudez had said again^^t him Avas true. And when Pero Bermudez heard this he stood still, and the twelve true-men r"JT«l'' came up and heard his confession, and pronounced him van- ^ckrldeiad. quished. This Ferrando did thinking to save his life; but the ae^e.^"' wound which he had got was mortal. /■'so?.'"' V. Martin Antolinez and Diego Gonzalez brake their lances o/thebauh on each other, and laid hand upon their swords. Martin Anto- ManlnAn- linez drew forth Colada, the brightness of which flaslied over okgocon- the whole field, for it was a marvellous SAvord ; and in their strife he dealt him a back-handed blow which sheared oft' the crown of his helmet, and cut away hood and coif, and the hair of his liead and the skin also : this stroke he dealt him with the precious Colada. And Diego Gonzalez was sorely dismayed therewith, and though he had his own sword in his hand he could not for very fear make use of k, but he turned his horse and fled : and Martin Antolinez went after him, and dealt him another with the flat part of the hword, foi- he mist him with the edge, and the Infante began to cry out aloud, Great God, help me and save me from that sword! And he rode away as fast as he Poemadei could, and Martin Antolinez called out after him,. Get out, st^^'^' Don Traitor ! and drove him out of the lists, and remained con- cap.m.'^' Chr. Gen. queror, f.aoo. 510 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, VI. Muno Gustioz and Suero Gonzalez dealt each other such strokes with their spears as it was marvellous to behold. litTem^iu- And Suero Gonzalez being a right hardy knight and a strong, aLwiT and of great courage, struck the shield of Muiio Gustioz and pierced it through and through ; but the stroke was given aslant, so that it past on and touched him not. Muno Gustioz lost his stirrups with that stroke, but he presently recovered tliem, and dealt him such a stroke in return that it went clean through the midst of the shield, and through all his armour, and came out between his ribs, missing the heart ; then laying hand on him he wrenched him out of the saddle, and threw him down as he drcAV the spear out of his body ; and, the point of the spear and the haft and the streamer all came out red. Then all the beholders thought that he Avas stricken to death. And Muno Gustioz turned to smite ao-ain. ]3ut when Gonzalo Ansures his father saAV this, he cned out aloud for gi'cat ruth which he had for his son, and said. For God's sake do not strike him again, for he is vanquished. And Muno Gustioz, like a man of good understanding, asked the true-men whether he were to be held as conquered for what his father said, and they said not, unless he confirmed it with his own mouth. And Muiio Gustioz PoemaM tumcd again to Suero Gonzalez Avhere he la;y wounded, and ^1^.^1.3682. Yy^\^Q^ his spear against him, and Suero Gonzalez cried out, cap. -lis! ' Strike me not, for I am vanquished. And the Judges said it was /:3oo. ■ enough, and that the combat Avas at an end. How the In- VII. Thcu tlic King entered the lists, and many good knights i^i'Tfer^e"' aud lildalgos Avith him, and he called the tAvelve true-men, and Irl^ors' asked them if the knights of the Cid had aught more to do to prove their accusation; and they made answer that the knights of the Cid had Avon the tield and done their devou" : and all the hidalgos Avho Avere there present made ansAver, that they said true. xVnd King Don Alfonso hfted up his voice and said, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 311 Hear me, all ye Avho are here present : inasmuch as the knights BOOK of the Cid have conquered, they have avou the cause ; and the v,^v^ twelve tiaie-men made answer, that what the Kino; said ^vas the truth, and all the people said the same. And the King gave com- mand to break up the lists, and gave sentence that the Infantes of Carrion and their uncle Suero Gonzalez were notorious traitors, and ordered his seneschal to take their arms and horses. And from that day forth their lineage never held up its head, nor was of any worth in Castille ; and they ^ and their uncle fled away, having been thus vanquished and put to shame. And thus it was that Carrion fell to the Kino; after the days of Gonzalo J^'^marfe! & J Cxd. 3704. Gonzalez, the father of the Infantes. Great was their shame, ?4'*- ,„., and the like or worse Ijetide him who abuseth fair lady, and then ",f; '^^^ leavethher^ ■^•'°'- 2 P . Carvalloj in the Historia de Anurias, P. 312. (quoted by Berganza, 5. 27. § 342.) says that they fled iuto the mountains of Asturias, to their cousia Count Don SuerOj como todo consta de escrituras antigitas. " This knight made his abode for the most part in the Palacio da Senra, adjoining the Monastery of Cornellana; and having compassion on his kinsmen, lie built a tower tor tliem joining the same Monastery, which is still standing, and in which the Abbots have their apartments. Here Don Suero gave order that they should live, and pass their lives with the Religious of that sacred House, which he yvas then re- edifying ; and he provided them with all things necessary while they lived, and when they died he buried them in the same church, in a great stone sepulchre, wide enough to contain two bodies side by side, such as we now see it, standing upon stone lions, on the Gospel-side, and close by the first steps which lead up to the high altar. This is understood by tradition in that Convent, and they show the sepulchre as a thing beyond all doubt." ' No part of the whole historj- of the Cid has been so frequently controverted and so generally discredited by later historians, as this story of the Infantes of Carrion. Yepes, the Benedictine historian, (T. 6 ff. 80.; has entered into the fullest investigation, for the purpose of vindicating the memory of these Infantes. 312 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, Viri. Then the King went to meat, and he took the knights of the Cid with him ; and great was the multitude whicli follow- joy'whu-h" ed after them, praising the good feat which they had atchieved. m f'aicncia. And thc Kiug gave them great gifts, and sent them away by 1 He shows that their father's name was Gomez Diaz, not Gonzalo Gonzalez, and consequently they were called Diego Gomez and Ferrando Gomez, not Gonzalez. Sandoval (^ 64.) had shown before him that these Infantes died nine years after the marriage of the Cid, consequently before his daughters were marriageable: and Francisco Diago, in his Anales de Valencia, (L. 6. C. 15.) that the daughters were named Christina and Maria, not Elvira and Sol ; and that the latter married the Count of Barcelona, not the Infante of Aragon. Yepes proceeds to inva- lidate the circumstances of the story. . . He is shocked at the indecorous scenes at the Cortes, and still more that it should be supposed two Spanish princes would marry women whose husbands were yet alive, and that any Spanish pre- late should be thougiu capable of solemnizing such marriages. In reply to these arguments, Berganza proves incontestably that all the descendants both of the Infanta Dona Christina, daughter of Bermudo II. and of Dofia Vclasquita, whose possessions lay at Carrion, were called Infantes, and that there were such Infantes as the story mentions, living at that time, whom the impugners of the story, regarding only the elder branch, had overlooked. The difficulty concerning the names of the ladies is not so satisfactorily removed. Yepes supposes that they had two names, which was not unusual ; . . but this is only supposition. He might have shown that no scruple was made at that time of changing a name, if it did not happen to please the husband : . . there is an ex- ceedingly curious instance in the history of Alfonso himself. Perhaps the Infantes of Navarre and Aragon followed his example, not liking to use those names by whichvtheir wives had been known when they were dishonoured. Either suppo- sition is possible, . neither of them satisfactory. It is however a difficulty of little consequence to the story. The question is, whether the facts related of the two daughters of the Cid (be their names what they may) are to be believed. Ber- ganza invalitfates the arguments used to prove that Dona Sol did not marry an Infante of Aragon ; in this he is successful, and he reconciles the other account by supposing that after his death she married the Count of Barcelona. Of the other difficulties which Yepes had advanced Berganza makes light. TWere is nothing improbable in the scene at the Cortes, and Yepes had forgotten RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 313 night, and with a good guard to protect them till they should BOOK be in safety ; and they took their leave of the King, and tra- ^^^ veiled by night and day, and came to Valencia. When the Cid kncAv that they drew nigh, he went out to meet them, and did them great honour. Who can tell the great joy which he made over them ? And they told him all even as it had come to pass, and how the King had declared the Infantes of Camon and their uncle to be notorious traitors. Great was the joy of the Cid at these tidings, and he lifted up his hands to Hea- ven, and blest the name of God because of the vengeance which he had given him for the great dishonour which he had received. And he took with him ^lartin x\ntolinez and Pero Bcrmudez and Muno Gustioz, and Avent to Dona Ximena and her daughters, and said to them. Blessed be the name of God, now are you and your daughters avenged ! and he made the knio-hts recount the whole unto them, even as it had come to pass. Great Avas the joy of Dona Ximena and her daugh- ters, and they bent their knees to the ground, and praised the name of Jesus Christ, because he had given them this vengeance for the dishonour which they had received ; and Dona Elvira and Dona Sol embraced those knights many times, and would fain have kissed their hands and their feet. And the Cid said that the Infantes of Carrion and the daughters of the Cid were near enough of kin to afiFord a plea for divorce, heing ahke descended on the mother's side from Kin"- Don Bermudo II. It may be added, that princes in those days cared lit- tle for the bond of marriage, married whatever women they liked, and forsook them whenever they were tired of them. The conduct of the Infantes of CaiTion is certainly improbable. There are in- stances enough of such cruelty, but none of such folly. Yet nothing can be so im- probable as that such a story should be invented and related so soon after their death, of persons who had really existed, and were of such rank : and that it should be accredited and repeated by all the historians who lived nearest the time. 2 s 314 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK unto Dona Ximena, Now may you without let marry your \^-Y^ daughters with the Infantes of Aragon and Navarre, and I trust in God that they will be Avell and honourably mariied, better than they were at first. Eight days did the great rejoicings endure Avhich the Cid made in Valencia, for the vengeance which God had given him upon the Infantes of Carrion, and their cap.i6%' uncle Suero Gonzalez, the aider and abettor in the villainy #.30). ^vhici^ they had committed. HowtheSoi- IX. Now it came to pass after this, that the Great Soldan siTseutpre' of Pcrsla, liaviug heard of the great goodness of the Cid, and Cid. ' of his great feats in arms, and how he had never been vanquish- ed by mortal man, and how he had conquered many Kings, Moor and Christian, and had won the noble city of Valencia, and had defeated King Bucar Lord of Africa and Morocco, and twenty nine Kings with him, all these things made him greatly desirous of his love. And holding him to be one of the noble men of the world, he sent messengers to him with great gifts, which Avill be recounted hereafter, and with them he sent one of his kinsmen, a fiiU honourable man, with letters of great love. When this kinsman reached the port of Valencia, he sent word to the Cid that he was arrived there with a message from the Great Soldan of Persia, who had sent a present by him ; and Avhen the Cid knew this he was well pleased. And in the morning the Cid took horse, and went out with all his company, all nobly attired, and his knights rode before him Avith their lances erect. And when they had gone about a league they met the messenger of the Soldan coming to Valencia : and when he beheld them in what order they came, he under- stood what a noble man the Cid Campeador was. And when he drcAV nigh, the Cid stopt his horse Bavieca, and waited to receive him. And when the messenger came before the Cid and beheld him, all his flesh began to tremble, and he mar- RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 315 veiled greatly that his tlesh should tremble thus ; and his voice BOO K failed him, so that he could not bring forth a Avord. And the wrv->-^ Cid said that he was welcome, and went towards him to em- brace him ; but the Moor made him no reply, being amazed. And Avhen he had somewhat recovered and could speak, he would have kissed the Cid's hand, but the Cid would not give it him : and he thought this was done for haughtiness, but they made him understand that it was to do him honour; then was he greatly rejoiced, and he said, 1 humble myself before thee, O Cid, who art the fortunate, the best Christian, and the most honourable that hath girded on sword or bestrode horse these thousand years. 'J'he Great Soldan of Persia, my Lord, hearing of thy great fame and renown, and of the great virtue which is in thee, hath sent me to salute thee and receive thee as his friend, even as his best friend, the one whom he loveth and prizeth best. iVnd he hath sent a present by me Avho am of his lineage, and beseecheth thee to receive it as from a cap'^t/o.' ' friend. And the Cid made answer that he thanked him greatly, ff.l'oi'"' X. Then the Cid bade his people make way that the sump- of the pre ter beasts which carried the present might pass, and also the X Soid»n strange animals which the Soldan had sent, the like whereof Avere not in that land. And when they were passed he and his company returned towards the town, and the messenger with him. And whensoever the messenger spake to the Cid, it came into his mind how his voice had failed and his flesh trembled when he beheld him ; and he marvelled thereat, and Avould fain have asked the Cid Avhy it should be. And when they entered Valencia, great was the croAvd wliich assembled to see the sumpter beasts, and the strange animals, for they had never seen such before, and they marvelled at them. And the Cid gave order that the beasts should be taken care of, and he went to the Alcazar and took the Moor with liim ; and when they 316 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BO O K came to Dona Ximena the Moor humbled himself before her and yj^;^ her daughters, and would have kissed her hand, but she would not give it him. Then he commanded that the camels and other beasts of burthen should l^e unloaded in their presence, and he began to open the packages and display the noble things Avhich were contained therein. And he laid before them great store of gold and of money, which came in leathern bags? each having its lock ; and wrought silver in dishes and trenchers ami basons, and pots for preparing food ; all these of fine silver and full cunnino'ly wrouoht, the Aveio;ht whereof was ten thousand marks. Then he brought out five cups of gold, in each of which Avcre ten marks of gold, with many precious stones set therein, and three silver barrels, which Avere full of pearls and of pre- cious stones. Moreover he presented unto him many pieces of cloth of gold, and of silk, of those which are made in Tar- tary, and in the land of Calabria. And moreover, a pound of myn'h and of balsam, in little caskets of gold ; this was a precious thing, for with this ointment they were wont to anoint the bodies of the Kings when they departed, to the end that they might not corrupt, neither the earth consume them : and with this was the body of the Cid embalmed after his death. Moreover he presented unto him a chess board, which was one of the noble ones in the world ; it was of ivory rivetted with gold, and with many precious stones round about it; and the men Avere of gold and silver, and the squares also Avere richly Avrought cfcr del Cid. with stones of many virtues *. This was a full rich, and great cap. 271. chr. Gen. and noble present, so that no man could tell the price thereof. J. 301. -^ * This is the description in the Chronica del Cid. The Chronica General only says that this chess-board (arcidriche. . . Berganza notices the singular word) is at this day, i. e. about 1250, in the Monastery at Cardena. It had disappeared in Berganza's time. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 3|-y XI. "When the Moor had produced all these things before the BOOK Cid, he said unto him, All this, Sir, Avith the animals which tlwu ^.Jt^ hast seen, my Lord the Soldan of Persia hath sent unto thee, ^t^Lt'!^ because of the great fame which he hath heard of thy goodness 7hTsoidaJ and loj^alty ; and, Sir, he beseecheth thee to accept it for the "" " ' : love of him. And the Cid thanked him, taking great pleasure therein, and said that he would fain do him greater honour than he had ever yet done to any one. And then he embraced him in the name of the Soldan, and said, that if he were a Christian he would give him the kiss of peace; and he asked whether among those things there was aught which had belonged to the person of the Soldan, that if so he might kiss it in his honour, and in token that if he were there present, he would kiss him on the shoulder, according to the custom of the Moors, for he knew that liis Lord was one of the noblest men in all Pagandom. When the kinsman of the Soldan heard this he was greatly re- joiced because of the great courtesy with which the Cid had spoken, and he perceived how noble a man he was. And he said unto him, Sir Cid, if you were present before my Lord the Soldan, he would do you full great honour, and would give you the head of his horse to eat, according to the custom of our country ; but seeing that this is not the custom of this country, I give you my living horse, which is one of the best horses of Syria ; and do you give order that he be taken in honour of my Lord the Soldan, and he will be better than his head would be boiled. And I kiss your hand. Sir Ruydiez, and hold myself more honoured and a happier man than ever I have been here- tofore. And the Cid accepted the horse, and gave consent to the Moor that he should kiss his hand. And then he called for his Almoxarife, and bade him take with him this kinsman of the Soldan, and lodge him in the Garden of Villa Nueva, and ca/.'ari. do him even such honour and service as he would to himself. /• 301. 518 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, XII. Great was the honour which the Ahiioxarife of the Cid Ruydiez did unto the kinsman of the Soldan, and he served him frnwirtht: even as he would have served his Lord the Cid. And when tLg'rtat they had disported and taken solace together, the kinsman of ^'"^' the Soldan asked him concerning the Cid, what manner of man he was. And the Ahnoxarife answered that he was the man in the world who had the bravest heart, and the best knight at arms, and the man who best maintained his law; and in the word which he hath promised he never fails ; and he is the man in the Avorld who is the best friend to his friend, and to his enemy he is the mortallest foe among all Christians ; and to the vanquished he is full of mercy and compassion ; and full thought- ful and wise in whatsoever thing he doeth ; and his countenance is such that no man seeth him for the first time without con- ceiving great fear. And this, said the Ahnoxarife, I have many times Avitnessed, for when any messengers of the Moors come before liim, they are so abashed that they know not where they are. When the messenger of the Soldan heard this he called to mind how it had been with him, and he said unto the Almoxa- rife, that as they were both of one law he besought him to keep secret wliat he should say, and he would tell him what had be- fallen him himself. And the Ahnoxarife said that he would do as he desired. And with that he began to say, that he marvelled greatly at Avhat he had heard, for even as he had noAv told him that it happened unto other messengers, even so had he himself found it the first time that he had seen the Cid ; for so great was the fear Avhich he conceived at the sight of his countenance, that for long time he had no power of speech ; and according to his thinking, this could only proceed from the grace of God tOAvards the Cid, that none of his enemies might ever behold his face Avithout fear. When the kinsman of the Soldan had saitl this, the Ahnoxarife perceived that he was a wary man, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 319 and one of ffood understanding:; and he beoan to talk with him, BOOK and asked him Avhether he would tell him what he should ask, ^.^^^ and the messenger replied that he would. Then the Almoxarife asked of him if he knew what was the reason which had moved his Lord the Soldan to send so great a present to the Cid Cam- jieador, and why he desired to have his love when he was so far away, beyond sea. Now the messenger of the Soldan conceived that the Almoxarife sought to know the state of the lands beyond sea, and he feared that this had JDeen asked of him by command of the Cid ; and he made answer, that so great was the renown of the Cid, and the report which they had heard in the lands beyond sea of his great feats in arms, that it had moved the Soldan to send him that present and desire his love. But when the Almoxarife heard this, he said that he could not be- lieve that this had been the reason, but that some other intention had moved him. And when the messenger perceived that the Almoxarife understood him, and that he desired to know the whole of the matter, he said that he would tell him, but he besought him to keep it secret. And the Almoxarife promised to do this. Then he told him that the land beyond sea was in such state that they weened it Avould be lost, and that the Chris- tians would win it, so great a Crusade had gone forth against it from Germany, and ft-om France, and from Lombardy, and Sicily, and Calabria, and Ireland, and England, which had won the city of Antioch, and now lay before Jerusalem. And my Lord the Great Soldan of Persia, hearing of the great nobleness of the Cid, and tliinking that he would pass over also, was moved to send him this present to gain his love, that if pei'ad- venture he should pass there he might be his friend. And when the Almoxarife of the Cid heard this, he said that of a truth he cap? 272.' ' Chr. Gen. believed it. f • 30^. XIIL While yet that messenger of the Soldan of Persia 520 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK abode in Valencia, tidings came to the Cid that the Infantes of v.yV^ Aragon and Navarre Avere coming to celebrate their marriage 2glftu' with his daughters, according as it had been appointed at the ^ia's^onfnd Cortcs of Tolcdo. He of Navarre hight Don Ramiro, and he was the son of King Don Sancho, him who was slain at Rueda ; and he married with Dona Elvira, the elder : and the Infante of Aragon Avho married Dona Sol, the younger, hight Don Sancho, and was the son of King Don Pedro, j'his King Don Pedro was he whom the Cid Rujdiez conquered and made prisoner, as the history hath related ; but calling to mind the great cour- tesy which the Cid had shown m releasing him from prison,, and how he had ordered all his own to be restored unto him, and moreover the great worth and the great goodness of the Cid, and the great feats which he had performed, he held it good that his son should match with his daughter, to the end that the race of so good a man might be preserved in Aragon. Ilowbeit it was not his fortune to have a son by Dona Sol, for he died before he came to the throne, and left no issue. AVhea the Cid knew that the Infantes were coming, he and all his peo- ple went out six leagues to meet them, all gallantly attired both for court and for war ; and he ordered his tents to be pitched in a fair meadow, and there he awaited till they came up. And the first day the Infante Don Sancho of Aragon came up, and they waited for the Infante Don Ramiro ; and when they Avcre all met they proceeded to Valencia. And the Bishop Don Hieronymo came out to meet them with a procession, full honourably. Great were the rejoicings which were made in Valencia because of the coming of the Infantes, for eight days before the marriage began. And the Cid gave order that they "p'afs^^' should be lodged in the Garden of Villa Nu€va, and supplied f. 303.'"' with all things in abundance. XIV. When eight days were overpast the Bishop Don Hier- RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 32J onymo married the Infantes of Aragon and Navarre to the ^ ^P ^ (hiughters of the Cid in this manner: the Infante Don Ramiro s^v^ of Navarre to Doiia Elvira, and the Infante Don Sancho of riage of the -, Inf'antts. Aragon to Dona Sol. And on the day after they had been espoused they received the blessing in the great Church of St. Peter, as is commanded b}' the law of Jesus Christ, and the Bishop said mass. Who can tell the great rejoicings which were made at those marriages, and the great nobleness thereof? Certes there would be much to tell ; for during eight days that they lasted, there was feasting every day, full honourably and plentifulh', where all persons did eat out of silver ; and many bulls were killed everyday, and many of those wild beasts which the Soldan sent ; and many sports were devised, and many gar- ments and saddles and noble trappings were given to the jocu- lars. And the jMoors also exhibited their sports and rejoicinos, after such divers manners, that men knew not which to go to first. So great was tlie multitude which was there assembled, that they were counted at eight thousand hidalgos. And when the mar- riage was concluded, the Cid took his sons-in-law and led them by the hand to Doiia Ximena, and showed them all the noble things which the Soldan had sent hira ; and they when they be- held such great treasures and such noble things were greatly astonished, and said that they did not think there had been a man in Spain so rich as the Cid, nor who possessed such things. And as they were marvelling from whence such riches could have come, both of gold and silver, and of precious stones and peai'ls, the Cid embraced them and said, My sons, this and all that I have is foi" you and for your wives, and I will give unto you the noblest and most precious things that ever were given with women for their dowry : for I will give j^ou the half of all that you see here, and the other half I and Dona Ximena will keep so long as we live, and after our death all shall be 2 T g^^ CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK yours; and my days are now well nigh full. Then the Infantes ^^,,.^ made answer, that they prayed God to grant him life for many and happy years yet, and that they thanked him greatly, and held him as their father ; and that they would ever have respect to his honour and be at his service, holding themselves honoured by the tie that there was between them. Three months these Infantes abode with the Cid in A^alencia, in great pleasure. And then they dispeeded themselves of the Cid and of their mother- in-law Dofia Ximena, and took each his Avife and returned into their own lands with great riches and honour. And the Cid gave them great treasures, even as he had promised, and gave them certain of those strange beasts Avhich the Soldan had sent. And he rode out Avith them twelve leagues. And Avhen they took leave of each other there Avas not a knight of all those who came Avith the Infantes to whom the Cid did not give something, horse, or mule, or garments, or money, so that all Avere well chr.deicid. pleased ; and he gave his daughters his blessing, and commended 275."^ them to God, and then he returned to Valencia, and they Avent Chr. Gen. f.303. to their own country. Howthemes- XV. Aftcr thc Cid had seen his sons-in-law depart, he sent senger of the ,. , <-i i i i i ■ r j.1 Soldan was fof thc mcsscnger of the Soldan, and gave lam many ot the rare dispatched. '^ i • t i 4 1 1 1 • things of his country to carry unto his Lord. And he gave hnn a SAVord which had the device of the Soldan Avrought in gold, and a coat of mail and sleeve armour, and a noble gipion Avhich Avas Avrought of knots ^ ; and his letters of reply, Avhich Avere full of great assurances of friendship. Much Avas the messenger of the Soldan pleased with the Cid for the great honour Avhich he a,.deici^v-w to demean himself, both towards him and all those of his com- cap.'iU. 277. pany, that they all heartily loved him. chr. Gen. HERE BEGINNETH THE ELEVENTH BOOK OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE CID. I. It is written in the history which Abenalfarax, the nephew of Gil Diaz, composed in Valencia, that for five years the Cid ^Zc 'that'' Ruydiez remained Lord thereof in peace, and in all that time he was^c^miZ sought to do nothing but to serve God, and to keep the Moors kncZ!^" quiet who Avere under his dominion; so that Moors and Chris- tians dwelt together in such accord, that it seemed as if they had alway been united ; and they all loved and served the Cid with such good will that it was marvellous. And when these five years were over tidings were spread far and near, which reached Valencia, that King Bucar the Miramamolin of Morocco, hold- ing himself disgraced because the Cid Campeador had conquered him in the field of Quarto near unto Valencia, where he had slain or made prisoners all his people, and driven him into the sea, and made spoil of all the treasures which he had brought with him ; . . King Bucar calling these things to mind, had gone himself and stirred up the whole Paganism of Barba^y, even as t RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 32^ far as Montes Claros, to cross the sea again, and avenge himself BOOK if he could ; and he had assembled so great a power that no .J.^^ man could devise their numbers. When the Cid heard these tidings he was troubled at heart; hoAvbeit he dissembled this, so that no person knew Avhat he was minded to do ; and thus the matter remained for some days. And when he saw that the news came thicker and faster, and that it was altogether certain that King Bucar was coming over sea against him, he sent and bade all the IVIoors of Valencia assemble together in his pre- sence, and when they were all assembled he said unto them, Good men of the Aljama, ye well know that from the day wherein I became Lord of ^"alencia, 3'e have alway been pro- tected and defended, and have past your time well and peace- ably in your houses and heritages, none troubling you nor doing you wrong ; neither have I who am your Lord ever done aught unto you that was against right. And now true tidings are come to me that King Bucar of Morocco is arrived from beyond sea, with a mighty power of Moors, and that he is coming against me to take from me this city which I Avon with so great la- bour. Now therefore, seeing it is so, I hold it good and com- mand that ye quit the toAvn, both ye and your sons and your women, and go into the suburb of Alcudia and the other sub- urbs, to dwell there with the other Moors, till we shall see the end of this business between me and King Bucar. Then the Moors, albeit they were loth, obeyed his command ; and when thev were all crone out of the city, so that none remained, he held cap. 278. •^ ^ Chr. Gen, himself safer than he had done before. /• 305. II. NoAV after the Moors were all gone out of the city, it came Rowst. p*- to pass in the middle of the night that the Cid was lying in his ZuZlu. bed, devising how he might withstand this coming of King Bucar, for Abenalfarax saith that when he was alone in his palace his thoughts were of nothing else. And when it was midnight there 328 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B O O K came a great light into the palace, and a gieat odour, marvel- C,__^ lous sweet. And as he was marvellino; what it migflit be, there appeared before him a man as white as snow ; he was in the likeness of an old man, Avith grey hair and crisp, and he carried certain keys in his hand ; and before the Cid could speak to him he said, Sleepest thou, Rodrigo, or Avhat art thou doing ? And the Cid made answer. What man art thou Avho askest me? And he said, I am St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, who come unto thee with more urgent tidings than those for which thou art taking thought concerning King Bucar, and it is, that thou art to leave this world, and go to that which hath no end ; and this will be in thirty days. But God will show favour unto thee, so that thy people shall discomfit King Bucar, and thou, being dead, shalt win this battle for the honour of thy body : this will be with the help of Santiago, whom God will send to the busi- ness : but do thou strive to make atonement for thy sins, and so thou shalt be saved. All this Jesus Christ vouchsafe th thee for the love of me, and for the reverence which thou hast alway shown to my Church in the Monastery of Cardena. When the Cid Campeador heard this he had great pleasure at heart, and he let himself fall out of bed upon the earth, that he might kiss the feet of the Apostle St. Peter; but the Apostle said, Strive not to do this, for thou canst not touch me ; but be sure that all this which I have told thee will come to pass. And when the blessed Apostle had said this he disappeared, and the palace remained full of a sweeter and more delightful odour than heart of man can conceive. And the Cid Ruydiez remained greatly Mp'^t?^."'' comforted by what St. Peter had said to him, and as certain jr.305.'" that all this would come to pass, as if it were already over. HowiheCid III. Early on the morrow he sent to call all his honourable '^'^u.' " men to the Alcazar ; and Avheu they Avere all assembled before him, he began to say unto them, weeping the while, Friend? IIODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAIl. 329 niid kinsmen and true vassals and honourable men, many of ye BOOK XI must well remember when King Don Alfonso our Lord twice ^^.-^-^ banished me from bis land, and most of ye- for the love which ye bore me followed me into banishment, and have guarded me ever since. And God hath shown such mercy to you and to me, that we have won many battles against IVIoors and Chris- tians : those which were against Christians, God knows, were more through their fault than my will, for they strove to set themselves against the good fortune Avhich GJod had given me, and to oppose his service, helping the enemies of the faith. Moreover we won this city in which we dwell, which is not luider the dominion of any man in the world, save on.y of my Lord the King Don Alfonso, and that rather by reason of our natural allegiance than of anv thino- else. And now I would have ye know the state in which this body of mine now is : for be ye certain that I am in the latter days of my life, and that thirty days hence Avill be my last. Of this I am well assured ; for for these seven nights past I have seen visions. I have seen my father Diego Laynez, and Diego Rodriguez my son ; and every time they say to me, You have tarried long here, let us go now among the people who endure for ever. Now notwithstanding man ought not to put his trust in these things, nor in such visions, I know this by other means to be certain, for Sir St. Peter hath appeared to nie this night, when I was awake and not sleeping, and he told me that when these thirty days Avere over, I should pass aAvay from this world. Now ye know for certain that King Bucar is coming against us, and they say that thirty and six Moorish Kings are coming witli him ; and since he bringeth so great a power of Moors, and I have to depart so soon, how can ye defend Valencia! But be ye certain, that by the mercy of God I shall counsel ye so, that ye shall con- cap." :;9.' ' quer King Bucar in the field, and win great praise and honour f^oi. 2 V 330 CnHONICLE OF THE CI D, BOOK from him, and Dona Ximena, and ve and all that ye have, go yj^^ hence in safety ; how ye are to do all this I will tell ye hereafter, before 1 depart. How the Cxi \X. After the Cid had said this he sickened of the malady hed." of which he died. And the day before his weakness Avaxed great, he ordered the gates of the town to be shut, and went to the Church of St. Peter ; and there the Bishop Don Hier- onymo being present, and all the clergy who were in Valencia, and the knights and honourable men and honourable dames, as many as the Church could hold, the Cid Ruydiez stood up, and made a full noble preaching, showing that no man whatsoever, however honourable or fortunate they may be in this world, can escape death ; to which, said he, I am now full near ; and since ye know that this body of mine hath never yet been conquered, nor put to shame, I beseech ye let not this befall it at the end, for the good fortune of man is only accomplished at his end. How this is to be done, and what ye all have to do, I will leave in the hands of the Bishop Don Hieronymo, and Alvar Fanez, and Pero Bermudez. And when he had said this he placed himself at the feet of the Bishop, and there before all the people made a general confession of all his sins, and all the faults which he had committed aoainst our Lord Jesus Christ. And the Bishop appointed him his penance, and assoyled him , of his sins. Then he arose and took leave of the people, Aveep- ing plenteously, and returned to the Alcazar, and betook him- self to his bed, and never rose from it again; and every day he Avaxed Aveaker and Aveaker, till seven days only remained of the time appointed. Then he called for the caskets of gold in Avhich Avas the balsam and the myrrh Avhich the Soldan of Persia had sent him ; and Avhen tliese Avere put before him he bade them bring him the golden cup, of which he Avas Avont to drink; and he took of that balsam and of that myrrh as much as a lit- I RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 33I tie spoon-full, and mingled it in the cup with rose-water, and B O O K drank of it ; and for the seven days which he lived he neither ate y.,;^^^ nor drank aught else than a little of that myvrh and balsam mingled with water. And every day after he did this, his body and his countenance appeared fairer and fresher than before, and his voi^e clearer, thoudi he waxed weaker and weaker daily, cap. -iho.' ' . , ^ C/ir. Gen. so that he could not move in his bed. f- soe. V. On the twenty-ninth day, being the day before he depart- mwtheCid 1 T>* 1 TA IT* appointed ed, he called for Doiia Ximena, and for the bishop Don liter- what should ' be done af- onymo, and Don Alvar Fanez Minaya, and Pero Bermudez, tcr his death. and liis trusty Gil Diaz ; and when they were all five before him, he began to direct them what they should do after his death ; and he said to them. Ye know that King Bucar will presently be here to besiege this city, with seven and thirty Kings 'svhom he bringcth with him, and Avith a mighty power of ]Moors. Now therefore the first thing wliich ye do after I have departed, wash my body with rose-water many times and well, as bles- sed be the name of God it is washed within and made pure of all unclean ness to receive his holy body to-mon-ow, which will be my last day. And when it lias been well washed and made clean, ye shall dry it Avell, and anoint it with this myrrh and balsam, from these golden caskets, from head to foot, so that every part shall be anointed, till none be left. And you my Sister Dona Ximena, and your women, see that ye utter no cries, neither make any lamentation for me, that the ]\loors may not know of my death. And when the day shall come in which King Bucar anives, order all the people of Valencia to go upon the walls, and sound your trumpets and tambours, and make the o-reatest rejoicings that ye can. And when ye would set out for Castille, let all the people know in secret, that they make them- selves ready, and take with them all that they have, so that none of the Moors in the suburb may know thereof ; for certes 332 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK yc cannot keep the city, neither abide therein after my deatli. y^J^^ And see ye that sumpter beasts be hiden M'ith all that there is in ^'alencia, so that nothing which can profit may be left. And this I leave especially to your charge, G il Diaz. Tlien saddle ye my horse Bavieca, and arm him well ; and 3'^e shall apparel my body full seemliiy, and place mc upon the horse, and liisten and tie me thereon so that it cannot fall : and fasten my sword Tizona in my hand. And let the Bishop Don Ilieronymo go on one side of me, and my trusty Gil Diaz on the other, and he shall lead my horse. You, Pero Bermudez, shall bear my ban- ner, as you were wont to bear it; and you, Alvar Fafiez, my cou- sin, gather 3^our comjjan}^ together, and put the host in order as you are Avont to do. And go ye forth and fight with King Bu- car; for be ye certain and doubt not that je shall win this battle ; God hath granted me this. And when ye have won the fight, and the INIoors arc discomfited, yc may spoil the field at rap. aso. pleasure. Yc will find o;reat riches. What ye are afterwards to Chr. Gtn. ^ ^ /. 306. do I will tell ye to-morrow, when I make my testament. uowiheCid VI. Early on the morrow the Bishop Don Ilieronymo, and tamcnumd Ahiw Fancz, and Pero Bermudez, and Martin Antolinez, came to the Cid. Gil Diaz and Doiia Ximena were alway with him ; and the Cid began to make his testament. And the first thing Avhich he directed, after commending his soid to God, was, that liis body should be buried in the Church of St. Pedro de Car- deria, Avhere it now lies ; and he bequeathed unto that Monas- tery many good inheritances, so that that place is at this day the richer and more honourable. Then he left to all his com- pany and household according to the desert of every one. To all the knights who had served him since he went out of his own country, he gave great wealth in abundance. And to the other knights who had not served him so long, to some a thousand marks of silver, to others two, and some there were to Avhom he departed. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. "Qo benueathcd three, accordino- who thev were. Moreover, to the BOOK squires who were hidalgos, to some five hundred, and others there ^^.\- were who had a thousand and five hundred. And he bade them, when thej arrived at St. Pedro de Cardena, give clothing to tour thousand poor, to each a skirt of escanforfe and a mantle. And he bequeatlied to Dona Ximena all that he had in the Avorld, that she might live honourably for the re- mainder of her days in the Monastery of St. Pedro de Car- deiia; and he commanded Gil Diaz to remain with her and serve her Avell all the days of her life. And he left it in charge to the Ijishop Don Hicronymo, and Dona Ximena his wife, and Don Alvar Fariez, and Pero Bermudez, and Felez Muiioz, his nephews, that they should see all this fulfilled. And he com- manded Alvar Faiiez and Pero ]3ermudez, when they had con- quered King Bucar, to proceed forthwith into Castille and ful- ^ fil all that he had enjoined. This Avas at the hour of sexts. Then the Cid Ruydiez, the Campeador of Bivar, bade the Bishop Don Hieronymo give him the body of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and he received it with great devotion, on his knees, and weeping before them all. Then he sate up in his bed and called upon God and St. Peter, and began to pray, saying. Lord Jesus Christ, thine is the power aiid the kingdom, and thou art above all Kings and all nations, and all Kings are at thy command. I beseech thee therefore pardon me my sins, and let my sovil enter into the hght which hath no end. And when the Cid Ruydiez had said this, this noble Baron yielded up his soul, wliich was pure and without spot, to God, on that Sunday which is called Quinquagesima, being the twenty and May sy, ninth of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand and ninety *°^^' and nine, and in the seventy and third year of liis Hfe. After he had thus made his end they washed his body twice with Avarm water, and a third time with rose water, and then they anointed 334 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK XI. Chr. delCid. cup. 2^]. Chr. Gen. f. 307. How King Bucay came up against the city. Chr.delCid. cap. 282. Chr. Gen. /. 307. and embalmed it as he had commanded. And then all the ho- nourable men, and all the clergy Avho Avere in Valencia, assem- bled and carried it to the Church of St. Mary, of the Virtues, which is near the Alcazar, and there they kept their vigil, and said prayer and performed masses, as was meet for so honour- able a man. VII. Three days after the Cid had departed King Bucar came into the port of Valencia, and landed with all his power, Avhich Avas so great that there is not a man in the Avorld Avho could o'ive account of the Moors whom he brought. And there came with him thirty and six Kings, and one Moorish Queen, w^ho was a neQ;ress, and she brouoht with her two hundred horsewomen, all negresses like herself, all having their hair shorn save a tuft on the top, and this was in token that they came as if upon a pilgTimage, and to obtain the remission of their sins ; and the}^ were all armed in coats of mail and with Turk- ish bows. King Bucar ordered his tents to be pitched round about Valencia, and Abenalfarax who wrote this history in Ara- bic, saith, that there were full fifteen thousand tents ; and he bade that Moorish negress with her archers to take their station near the city. And on the morrow they began to attack the city, and they fought against it three days strenuously ; and the Moors received great loss, for they came blindl}^ up to the walls and Avere slain there. And the Christians defended themselves right Avell, and every time that they went upon the Avails, they sounded trumpets and tamboiu's, and made great rejoicings, as the Cid had commanded. This continued for eight days or nine, till the companions of the Cid had made ready every thing for their departure, as he had commanded. And King Bucar and his people thought that the Cid dared not come out againt them, and they Avere the more encouraged, and began to think of making bastilles and engines wherewith to combat the city, for RODRICO DIAZ DE BIVAR. o^,- certes they weened that the Cid Ruydiez dared not come out BOOK against them, seeino- that he tarried so Jono-. . J.I1 VIII. All this while the company of the Cid were preparing How the all things to go into Castille, as he had commanded before his uelTouT death ; and his trusty Gil Diaz did nothing else but labour at Via"' this. And the body of the Cid was prepared after this manner: first it was embalmed and anointed as the histor}"^ hath already recounted, and the virtue of the balsam and myrrh was such that the tlesh remained firm and fair, having its natural colour, and his countenance as it was wont to be, and the eyes open, and his loni? beard in order, so that there was not a man who would have thousrht him dead if he had seen him and not knoAvn it. And on the second day after he had departed, Gil Diaz placed the body upon a right noble saddle, and this saddle with the body upon it he put upon a frame; and he dressed the body in a gambax^ of fine sendal, next the skin. And he took two boards and fitted them to the body, one to the breast and the other to the shoulders; these ^vcre so hollowed out and fitted that they met at the sides and under the arms, and the hind one came up to the pole, and the other up to the beard; and these boards were fastened into the saddle, so that the body could not move. All this was done by the morning of the twelfth day; and all that day the people of the Cid were busied in making, ready their arms, and in loading beasts with all that they had. ' Vesticronla a corona un gambax de cendal delgado. In the Poema de Alexan- Jro the word is used precisely in the same manner — Vestio a cuioiia un gambax de cendal. Copla 430. AikI the Glossary explains it to be a kind of shirt, as the passage plainly implies. The Chronica General makes it of a diflerent materia], .. T estiol a carona del cuerpo un gambax brancofecho de un randal. I know not whether this means net- work, or if it be an error for cendal, or perhaps for ranzal. 336 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK SO that they left nothing of any price in the whole city of Valen- ^^ cia, save only the empty houses. When it was midnight they took the body of the Cid, fastened to the saddle as it Avas, and placed it upon his horse Bavieca, and fastened the saddle well : and the body sate so upright and well that it seemed as if he was alive. And it had on painted hose of black and white, so cunningly painted that no man Avho saw them would have thought but that they were grieves and cuishes, unless he had laid his hand upon them; and they put on it a surcoat of green sendal, having his arms blazoned thereon, and a helmet of parchment, which was cunningly painted that every one might have believed it to be iron; and his shield Avas hung round his neck, and they placed the sword Tizona in his hand, and they raised his arm, and fastened it up so subtilly that it Avas a mar- vel to see how upright he held the sAvord. And the Bishop Don Hieron3'^mo Avent on one side of him, and the trusty Gil Diaz on the other, and he led the horse Bavieca, as the Cid had com- manded him. And Avhen all this had been made ready, they Avent out from Valencia at midnight, through the gate of Rose- j-os, Avhich is toAvards Castille. Pero Bermudez Avent first Avith the banner of the Cid, and Avith him five hundred knights Avho guarded it, all avcII appointed. And after these came all the baggage. Then came the body of the Cid Avith an hundred kniffhts, all chosen men, and behind them Dona Ximena Avith all her company, and six hundred knights in the rear. All these Avent out so silently, and Avith such a measured pace, that it chr.MCid. ggei^^eti ^s if there Avere only a score. And by the time that cap. '283. *^ *^ fsoB.'"' they had all gone out it Avas broad day. „ ,.. IX. NoAV Alvar Fanez Minaya had set the host in order, How King *^ uueri7u. and Avhile the Bishop Don Hieronymo and Gil Diaz led aAvay co-nfud. ^^^ ^^j^ qJ- ^|jg Qj^l^ j^j^j j)q-j^ Ximena, and the baggage, he fell upon the Moors. First he attacked the tents of that Moorish RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^^J Queen the Negress, who lay nearest to the city ; and this onset was BOOK SO sudden, that they killed full a hundred and fifty Moors before ^^r^-C they had time to take arms or go to horse. But that Moorish Negress was so skilful in drawiuQ- the Turkish Idoav, that it was held for a marvel, and it is said that they called her in Arabic Nugueymat Tiiri/a ^, which is to say, the Star of the Archers. And she was the first that got on horseback, and with some fifty that were with her, did some hurt to the company of the Cid ; but in fine they slew her, and her people fled to the camp. And so great was the uproar and confusion, that few there were who took arms, but instead thereof they turned their backs and fled toward the sea. And Avhen King Bucar and his Kings saw this they were astonished. And it seemed to them that there came against them on the part of the Christians full seven- ty thousand knights, all as white as snow : and before them a knight of great stature upon a white horse with a bloody cross, who bore in one hand a white banner, and in the other a sword which seemed to be of fire, and he made a great mortality among the Moors who were flying. And King Bucar and the other Kings were so greatly dismayed that they never checked the reins till they had ridden into the sea ; and the company of the Cid rode after them, smiting and slaying and giving them no respite; and they smote down so many that it was marvellous, for tiie Moors did not turn their heads to defend themselves. And when they came to the sea, so great was the press among them to get to the ships, that more than ten thousand died in the water. And of the six and thirty Kmgs twenty and two were slain. And King Bucar and they avIio escaped with him hoisted sails and went their way, and never • Megei/ma Turia in the Chronica del Cid^ 2 X 538 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK more turned their heads. Then Alvar Fanez and his people, -^^- when they had discomfited the Moors, spoiled the held, and the spoil thereof was so great that they could not carry it away. And they loaded camels and horses Avith the noblest things which they found, and went after the Bishop Don Hiero- nymo and Gil Diaz, Avho, with the body of the Cid, and Dona Xiraena, and the baggage, had gone on till they were clear of the host, and then waited for those who were gone against the Moors. And so great wais_the spoil of that day, that there was no end to it : and they took up gold, and silver, and other pre- cious things as they rode through the camp, so that the poorest man among the Christians, horseman or on foot, became rich with what he won that day. And when they were all met together, they took the road toward Castille; and they halted that night chrMCid. 1^ ^ village which is called Siete Aguas, that is to say, the Seven cap- "284. O *--' *' f 308.'" Waters, which is nine leagues from Valencia. How the X. Abenalfarax, he who wrote this history in Arabic, saith, iHZh^dty. that the day when the company of the Cid went out from Valen- cia, and discomfited King Bucar and the six and thirty Kings who were with him, the Moors of Alcudia and of the suburbs thought that he went out alive, because they saw him on horse- back, sword in hand ; but when they saw that he Avent towards Castille, and that none of his company returned into the town, they were astonished. And all tliat day they remained in such amaze, that they neither dared go into the tents which King Bucar's host had left, nor enter into the town, thinking that the Cid did this for some device ; and all night they remained in the same doubt, so that they dared not go out from the suburbs. When it was morning they looked towards the toAvn, and heard no noise there ; and xVbenalfarax then took horse, and taking a man with him, Avent toAvard the town, and found all the gates thereof shut, till he came to that tlxrough Avhich the company of RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 33Q the Cid had gone forth ; and he Avent into the city and traversed BOOK the greater part thereof, and found no man therein, and he ^.^v^ Avas greatly amazed. Then he Avent out and called aloud to the iMoors of the suburbs, and told them that the city was deserted by the Christians ; and they Avere more amazed than before : ncAertheless they did not yet dare either to go out to the camp or to enter into the town, and in this doubt they remained till it was mid-day. And Avhen they saAV that no person appeared on any side, Abenalfarax returned again into the toAvn, and there Avent Avith him a great company of the best Moors ; and they Avent into the Alcazar, and looked through all the halls and chambers, and they found neither man nor living thing; but they saAV Avritten upon a Avail in Arabic characters by Cil Diaz, how the Cid Ruydiez Avas dead, and that they had canied him aAvay in that manner to conquer King Bucar, and also to the end that n(?tie might oppose their going. And Avhen the Moors saAv this they rejoiced and Avere exceeding glad, and they opened the gates of the toAvn, and sent to tell these tidings to those in the suburbs. And they came Avith their Avives and children into the toAvn, each to the house Avhich had been his before the Cid won it. And from that day Valencia remained in the poAver of the Moors till it Avas Avon by King Don Jay me of Aragon, he who is called the Con(jueror, Avhicli Avas an hundred and seventy years. But though King Don Jayme Avon it, it is ahvay called Valencia del Cid. On the morroAv they Avent into the tents of King Bucar, and found there many arms ; but the tents Avere deserted, save only that they found certain Avomen avIio had hid themselves, and wiio told them of the defeat of King Bucar, And the dead were so many that the}^ could scarcely make Avay among them. And they went on through this great mortality to the port, and there they saw no ships, but so many Moors lying dead that tongue of man cannot tell theii* numbers ; and they ^^Q CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK began to gather up the spoils of the field, which were tents, and ^^ horses, and camels, and buffaloes, and flocks, and gold and sil- ver, and garments, and store of provisions, out of all number, so that they had wherewith to suffice the city of Valencia for caplili.' ' two years, and to sell to their neighbours also ; and they were full f.'aog!"' rich from that time. Hcothe XI. When the company of the Cid departed from the Siete oftheCid Aguas, they held their way by short journies to Salvacaiiete. came tomeet .,,„., , i • i t» • ^i i i the bod;/. And the Cid went alway upon his horse Jsavieca, as ttiey had brought him out fi'om A'^alencia, save only that he wore no arms, but was clad in right noble garments ; and all who saw him upon the way would have thought that he was alive, if they had not heard the truth. And whenever they halted they took the body off, fastened to the saddle as it was, and set it upon that frame which Gil Diaz had made, and when they went forward again, they placed it in like manner upon the horse Bavieca. And when they reached Salvacaiiete, the Bishop Don Hieronymo, and Dona Ximena, and Alvar Fanez, and the other honourable men, sent their letters to all the kinsmen and friends of the Cid Ruy- diez, bidding them come and do honour to his funeral ; and they sent letters also to his sons-in-law, the Infantes of Aragon and Navarre, and to King Don Alfonso. And they moved on from Salvacaiiete and came to Osma, and then Alvar Fanez asked of Dona Ximena if they should not put the body of the Cid into a coffin covered with purple and with nails of gold; but she would not, for she said that while his countenance remained so fresh and comely, and his eyes so fair, his body should never be placed in a coffin, and that her children should see the face of their father ; and they thought that she said well, so the body was left as it was. And at the end of fifteen days the Infante of Aragon arrived, with Dona Sol his wife, and they brought Avith them an hundred armed knights, all having their shields reversed RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^a^^ lianging from the saddle bow, and all in grey cloaks, with the BOOK hoods rent. And Dona Sol came clad in linsey-woolse}', she sJ^ and all her Avonien, for they thought that mourning was to be made for the Cid. But when they came within half a league of Osma, they saw the bannei- of the Cid coming on, and all his company full featly apparelled. And Avlicn they drew nigh they perceived that they were weeping, but they made no wailing ; and when they saw him upon his horse Bavieca, according as ye have heard, they were greatly amazed. But so great was the sorrow of the Inflmte that he and all his company began to la- ment aloud. And Dona Sol, when she beheld her father, took off her tire, and threw it upon the ground and began to tear her hair, which was like threads of gold. But Dona Ximena held hei hand and said. Daughter, you do ill, in that you break the com- mand of your father, who laid his curse upon all who should make lamentation for him. Then Doiia Sol kissed the hand of the Cid and of her mother, and put on her tire again, sayino-, Lady mother, I have connnitted no fault in this, forasmuch as I knew not the command of my father. And then they turned back to Osma, and great was the multitude whom they found there assembled from all parts to see the Cid, having heard in what manner he was brought, for they held it to be a strange thing ; and in truth it was, for in no history do we find that with the body of a dead man hath there been done a thin^ so noble and strange as this. Then they moved on from Osma, and came to Santesteban de Gormaz. And there after few days the King of Navarre came with the Queen Doiia Elvira his wife ; and they brought with them two hundred knights; howbeit their shields were not reversed, for they had heard that no mourning was to be made for the Cid. And when they were within half a league of Santesteban, the company of the Cid went out to meet them, as they had the Infante of Aragon ; and they made no other la- 342 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK mentation, save that they Avept with Dona Eh'ira; and when she XI s^ry^ came up to the body of her father she kissed his hand, and the hand of Dona Ximena her mother. And greatly did they mar- vel when they saw the body of the Cid Ruydiez how fair it was, for he seemed rather alive than dead. And they moved on from Santesteban, towards San Pedro de Cardena. Great was the concourse of people to see the Cid Ruydiez coming in that guise. They, came from Rioja, and from all Castille, and from all the country round about, and when they saw him their won- ^ cop. i86. der was the greater, and hardly could they be ijersuaded that he Chr. Gen. f. 310. was dead. How King XII. At this time King Don Alfonso abode in Toledo, and cttm>: to do" when the letters came unto him saying hoAv the Cid Campeador ciX"' was departed, and after Avhat manner he had discomfited King Bucar, and how they brought him in this goodly manner upon his horse Bavieca, he set out from Toledo, taking long journies till he came to San Pedro de Cardeiia, to do honour to the Cid at his funeral. The day when he drew nigh the Infante of Ara- gon and the King of Navarre went out to meet him, and they took the body of the Cid with them on horseback, as far as the Monastery of San Christoval de Ybcas, which is a league from Cardena ; and they went, the King of Navarre on one side of the body, and the Infante of Aragon on tlie other. And when King Don Alfonso saw so great a company and in such goodly array, and the Cid Ruydiez so nobly clad and upon his horse Bavieca, he was greatly astonished. Then Alvar Faiiez and the other good men kissed his hand in the name of the Cid. And the King beheld his countenance, and seeing it so fresh and comely, and his eyes so bright and fair, and so even and open that he seemed alive, he marvelled greatly. But when they told him that for seven days he had drank of the myrrh and balsam, and had neither ate nor drank of aught else, and I RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^,.« how he had afterwards been anointed and embalmed, he did BOOK not then hold it for so great a wonder, for he had heard that in ^J^ the land of Egypt they were wont to do thus with their Kings. When they had all returned to the Monastery they took the Cid from off his horse, and set the body upon the frame, as they were wont to do, and placed it before the altar. Many were the honours which King Don Alfonso did to the Cid in masses and vigils, and other holy services, such as are fitting for the body and soul of one who is departed. Moreover he did great honour to the King of Navarre, and to the Infante of Aragon, ordering that all things which were needful should be given to Sasf'" them and their companies. f'ax^'"' XIII. On the third day after the coming of King Don Al- ncothc fonso, they would have interred the body of the Cid, but when cflfJ" the King heard what Dona Ximena had said, that while it *^'"^'c/,ai>.'' was so fair and comely it should not be laid in a coffin, he held that what she said was good. And he sent for the ivory chair which had been carried to the Cortes of Toledo, and gave order that it should be placed on the right of the altar of St. Peter ; and he laid a cloth of gold upon it, and upon that placed a cushion covered with a right noble tartari, and he ordered a graven tabernacle to be made over the chair, richly wrought with azure and gold, having thereon the blazonry of the Kings of CastiUe and Leon, and the King of Navarre, and the In^ fante of Aragon, and of the Cid Ruydiez the Campeador. And he himself, and the King of Navarre and the Infante of Aragon, and the Bishop Don Hieronymo, to do honour to the Cid, helped to take his body from between the two boards, in which it had been fastened at Valencia. And when they had taken it out, the body was so firm that it bent not on either side, and the flesh so firm and comely, that it seemed as if he were yet alive. And the King thought that what they purport- , BOOK heard this ^ e was as joyful as he could be, and would have kis- ^^-^ sed the hand of King Don Sancho, but the King would not suffer this because he was a priest of the mass. Then the King ordered the spoil to be driven to the Monastery, and went himself with it, and saw the banner hung up again in its place, and abode there three Aveeks, till all that booty had been restored to the persons from whom it was taken. And when this was done he offered to the Monastery two hundred pieces of gold for the soul of his forefather the Cid, and returned into his kingdom of Na- wp?293^"'' varre, and did no more evil at that time in the realm of Castille. This good service the Cid Ruydiez did to Castille after his death. ?.314. How the Cid XXI. Moreover when the Miramamolin brought over from zvent to tht f Mtbattl Africa against King Don Alfonso, the eighth ef that name, the dc'roLT."' mightiest power of the misbelievers that had ever been brought against Spain since the destruction of the Kings of the Goths, the Cid Campeador remembered his country in that great danger. For the night before the battle was fought at the Navas de Tolosa, in the dead of the night, a mighty sound was heard in the whole city of Leon, as if it were the tramp of a great army passing through. And it passed on to the Royal Monas- tery of St. Isidro, and there was a great knocking at the gate thereof, and they called to a priest who was keeping vigils in the Church, and told him, that the Captains of the army whom he heard were the Cid Ruydiez, and Count Ferran Gonzalez, and that they came there to call up King Don Ferrando the Great, who lay buried in that church, that he might go with them to deliver Spain. And on the morrow that great battle of tlie Xavas de Tolosa was fought, Avhercin sixty thousand ofjthe ^h"'Gen. misbelievers were slain, which was one of the greatest' and 7:1 'ff.ll-i. noblest battles ever won over the Moors *. ' This ihing, says Yepes, God permitted to be heard in Leon, that it might RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 353 XXII. The body of the Cid remained in the vault wherein it BOOK had been placed as ye have heard, till the year of thef ncarna- < — ^ tion 1272, when King Don Alfonso the AVise, for the great dIa^Lo the /^ 'i&€ reverence which he bore the memory of the Cid his forefather, nmoved the _ body of the ordered a coffin to be made for him, which was hewn out ot two ad. great stones ; and in this the body of the Cid was laid, and they placed it on that side where the Epistle is read ; and before it, in a wooden coffin, they laid tlie body of Dona Ximena. And round about the stone coffin these verses were graven, in the Latin tongue, being, according as it is said, composed by King Don Alfonso himself. BELLIGER, INVTCTUS, FAMOSUS MARTE TRIUMPHIS, CLAUDITUR HOC TUMULO MAGNUS DIDACI RODERICUS. And upon his tomb he ordered these verses to be graven also : QUANTUM ROMA POTENS BELLICIS EXTOLLITUR ACTIS, VIVAX ARTHURUS FIT GLORIA QUANTUM BRITANNIS, NOBILIS E CAROLO QUANTUM GAUDET FRANCIA MAGNO, TANTUM IBERIA DURIS CID INVICTUS CLARET. And upon the walls it was thus written. I who lie here interred am the Cid Ruydiez, who conquered King Bucar with six and thirty Kings of the Moors ; and of those six and thirty, twenty and two died in the field. Before Valencia I conquered them, on horseback, after I was dead, being the seventy and second 5.3T"384. be known how those persons whom the Gentiles in their vanity call Heroes, and the world holds for excellent men, do in Heaven take thought for the things of this world ; and though their bodies were not verily and indeed present, yet inasmuch as their souls so vehemently desired to be there, this sound of their march was permitted to be heard, that it might b? known how they were still watchful for the good of Spain. 2 Z 354, CHRONICLE of the cid, BOOK battle M'liich I won. I am he who won the swords Colada and s.,-^,^^^ Tizona. God be praised, Araen. ^. Of these- XXIII. The body of the Cid remained here till the year of rfthlZdZ the Incarnation 1447, when the Abbot Don Pedro del Burgo uas resolved ordcrcd thc old Church to be pulled down that a new one mioht to remove '' , , ■ , . . -gain. be bunt in its place. And then as all the sepulchres were removed, that of the Cid was removed also, and they placed it in front of the Sacristy, upon four stone lions. And in the year 1540 God put it in the heart of the Abbot and Prior, Monks and Convent of the Monastery of St. Pedro de Cardena, for the glory of God, and the honour of St. Peter and St. Paul, and of the Cid and other good knights who lay buried there, and for the devotion of the people, to beautify the great Chapel of the said Monastery with a rich choir and stalls, and new altars, and goodly steps to lead up to them. And as they were doing this they found that the tomb of the blessed Cid, if they left it where it was, which was in front of the door of the Sacristy, before the steps of the altar, it would neither be seemly for the service of the altar, because it was in the way thereof, nor for his dignity, by reason that they might stumble against it ; . . moreover it was fallen somewhat to deca}', and set badly upon the stone lions Avhich supported it ; and there were other knights placed above him. Whereupon the Abbot, Prior, Monks, and Convent, resolved that they Avould translate his body, and remove the other tombs to places convenient for them, holding that it was not meet that those who neither in their exploits nor in holiness had equalled him in life, should have precedency of him after death. And they were of accord that the day of this translation should not be made public, knowing how great the number would be of knights and other persons who would be desirous of being at this festival, for which cause they doubted least some misadventure would betide of tumults and deaths, or RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. $5^ scandals, such as are wont to happen on such occasions ; they BOOK were therefore minded to do this thing without giving knowledge vj-^ thereof to any but those who were in the Monastery, who were of many nations and conditions, and who were enow to bear testimony when it was done ; for there Avas no lack there, besides the religious, of knights, squires, hidalgos, labourers, and ^^^^^^^ folk of the city and the district round about, and Biscayans and ^'/„y/];- mountaineers, and men of Burgundy and of France. XXIV. So on Thursday, the eighth day of Epiphany, being Q^Qlm^- the thirteenth day of January in the year of our Lord 1541, and f^e^ejid at the hour of complines, the Abbot and Convent being assem- -'^iiftcj. bled, together with serving-men and artificers Avho were called for this purpose, they made that night wooden biers that the tomb might be moved more easily and reverently, and with less danger. ^And on the morrow, which was Friday, the fourteenth day of the said month and year, the Convent having said primes, and the mass of Our Lady, according to custom, and the Abbot Fray Lope de Frias, who was a native of Velorado, having con- fessed and said mass, the doors of the Church being open, and the altar richly drest, and the bells ringing as they are wont to do upon great festivals, at eight in the morning there assembled in the Church all the brethren of the IMonastery, nineteen in number, the other fifteen being absent each in his avocation ; and there were present with them Sancho de Ocana, Merino and Chief Justice of the Monastery ; Juan de Resales, Pedro de Euseras, and Juan Ruyz, squires of the house ; master Ochoa de Artiaga, a mason, with his men ; Andres de Carnica, and Domingo de Artiaga, master Pablo and master Borgonon, stone-cutters, with their men ; and master Juan, a smith, with his ; and all the other workmen and serving-men and traders who were in the house. And the Abbot being clad in rich vest- ments, and the ministers and acolites with him, with cross, ^^Q CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK candles, and torches burning, went all in procession to Our .S^^ Lady's altar, where the sacrament was at that time kept, be- cause of the repairs Avhich were going on in the great Chapel ; and all kneeling on their knees, and having recited the Pater- noster and Ave-maria, the Abbot gave a sign, and the Precentor of the Convent began in plain descant the antiphony Salvator Mundi. And when the whole Convent had sung this, the Abbot said the verse Ostende nobis, and the verse Post partum virgo, and the prayer Omnipotens sempiterne Deiis, qui es omnium dubitantium certitudo, and the prayer Dens qui salutis cEternce, demanding the grace and favour of the Lord. When this was done they returned in procession to the great Chapel, before the tomb of the blessed Cid, and then the choir began the anthem Mirabilis Deus, saying it to the organ. And while this was singing in great accord, the Avorkmen stood ready with their instruments in hand, to lift off the upper stone of the coffin, because it was well nigh impossible to remove the whole toge- ther, and also because the Abbot, Prior, and Convent, had re- solved to see that holy body and relicks, by reason of the devo- tion which they bore to the blessed Cid, and that they might bear testimony in what manner he lay in that tomb, wherein he had been deposited so many years ago, as behoved them for tlie Frias. honour of the Cid and the authority of the Monastery. jhwthe XXV. When the anthem was finished, the Abbot said the inionZas verse Exultabunt sancti in gloria, and the prayer Deus qui es per ome . ^^^^^.^^^^^ glovia sevvorum. And when all had said Amen, the Abbot himself, with a little bar of iron, began first to move the lid of tlie stone coffin ; and then the workmen and others easily lifted it off upon the bier, and thus the tomb was laid open ; and there appeared Avithin it a coffin of Avood fastened doAvn with gilt nails, the hair of the coffin being entirely gone, and great part of the Avood decayed also. Within this coffin Avas the holy RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^^j body, now well nigh consumed, nothing but the bones remaining BOOK entire. On some of the bones the flesh was still remaining, not J^ discoloured, but with a rosy colour, and the bones were of the same rosy colour, and the flesh also which had fallen fi-om them. The body was wrapt in a sendal wrought after the Moorish fashion, with sword and spear by its side, as tokens of knight- hood. As soon as the coffin was opened there issued forth a good odour, and comforting fragrance. It appeared that no part of the body was wanting ; but this Avas not narrowly examined, by reason of the reverence which they bore it. After all this had been seen well and leisurely by all those who were present, the Abbot and his ministers passed a clean sheet under the coffin, and collecting into it all the bones and holy dust, covered it with another sheet, and took it out, and laid it upon the high altar, with candles and torches on each side ; and in this manner it remained there all day, till it was time to deposit it in the tomb. And all this while the choristers suns; to the oraan, and the organ responded. And when the body was laid upon the altar, the Abbot said the verse Mirahilis Dens, and the pra3^er Magnijicet te Dotnine sanctorum tuorum bcata solemnitas. And when this was done he went and disrobed himself of his sacred vestments. And the Avorkmen Avent and removed the stone lions, and placed them in the place where they were to be, and the tomb upon them. And the Convent went to perform divine service, which was celebrated that day at all the hours with a full choir. And at the hour accustomed, after this was done, the Abbot and the Convent invited all who were there present to be their guests, giving a right solemn feast to all ; and the chief persons dined with the Convent in the Refectory. And that same day in the evening, after vespers, when it was about four o'clock, the workmen had removed the stone lions, and placed the tomb upon them, and laid the lid of the tomb 358 CHRONICLE or THE CJD, BOOK hard by, and made all ready to fasten it down, so soon as the XI ... ^^ holy body should be laid in it. And at that time, the bells rinoins a^ain, and all being ao;ain assembled, the Abbot liavins put on again his vestments, which were of white brocade, and his ministers with him, Avent to the altar whereon they had laid the holy body, which had been right nobly guarded and accom- panied. And the singers singing the while, he and his ministers took it and laid it with great reverence in the tomb, all seeing it when it was laid there, Avrapt up" and covered with the sheets. And in the presence of all, the workmen put on the lid and fastened it down. Tlien the Abbot began the Te Deum lau- clamus, and the singers continuing it, they went in procession to Our Lady's Chapel, where the most holy sacrament then was, as ye have heard. And the Abbot said the verse Benedicamus Patrem et FUium cum Sancto Spirltu, and the prayer Deus ad quern digne laiidandum, and they all returned thanksgiving to the Lord. And the Abbot and the ministers went into the Sacristy, and took off their sacred vestments; and then he returned and again invited all Avho were there to a collation in the Refectory, which had been prepared by the sen^ants of the Monastery. And when this was over they separated, each going frii"^' ''' Avitli great content to his several occupation, praising God. ^., ■ XXVL It was a thing of great consolation that there was ihichfet not a person in that Monastery, who did not all that day feel f3/«:' great joy and delight in his soul. And there befell a thing of which many took notice, and which ought not to be passed over in silence, and it was this. There was a great want of rain in the land of Rioja and Bureva, and the district of Cardei^a also was in want of Avater, though not in such gi-eat need, for it was long since any rain had fallen ; and it pleased God that on the aforesaid Thursday, the eve of the translation, at the very hour when the Abbot and his people began to prepare RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ^^q the bier, and make all things ready for opening and removing BOOK the tomb, a soft and gentle rain began, such a rain that to those \,J^}>^ Avho were out of doors it was nothing troublesome, and to the country greatly profitable, and pleasant unto all ; and it lasted all that night, and all the day following, till the holy business of the translation was accomplished, and then it ceased. Now it was found that this rain had fallen at the same time and in the same manner, both in the country below Burgos, and also in Bureva, albeit that it rarely hath happened for rain to fall at one time in both provinces, because they are wont to have rain with different winds. It seemeth therefore that this blessed knight, who while he lived protected and defended that country with his person and his arms, beholding the service which was done him, and how he was remembered, favoured it at that time in heaven with his holy intercession, by sending that thing whereof it had then most need, which was water from heaven, in order that it midit be made manifest that he never ceased to show favour to those who trusted in him, and to that Mo- nastery of St. Pedro de Cardena. And an account of this translation, and of all this wliich befell, was drawn up by the Abbot Fray Lope de Frias, and signed by all the brethren of the ^ Monastery, and all the chief persons there present. ^"'"■ XXVII. Now albeit this translation of the body of the blessed o/ the letter Cid had been made with such honour and reverence, there were Emperor many who murmured against it ; and Don Pedro Fernandez de i"s "i" tramlatiort. Velasco, Duke of Frias, who was then Constable of Castille, and the Municipality of Burgos, sent advice thereof to the Em- peror Charles V. who was at that time in Flanders, beseeching him to give order that the tomb of the Cid might be translated back to its former place, and that of Dona Ximena also, wliich had been removed into the Cloisters of the Monastery. Here- upon the Emperor dispatched letters to his Governor, Cardinal 3f^0 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK Juan, bidding him see that the petition of the Constable and of ^,^ the City of Burgos was fulfilled, and the Cardinal in obedience thereunto dispatched the provision here following. The King. ' - Venerable Abbot, Monks and Convent of St. Pedro de Car- dena, knoAV ye that we have ordered to be given, and do hereby give our edict unto you, to the following tenor. The Council, Justice, and Regidores, Knights, Esquires, Artificers and G ood IMen of the City of Burgos, have made a memorial to us the King, showing, that we Avell know the fame, nobleness, and ex- ploits of the Cid, which are notorious to all, from whose valour there redoundeth honour to all Spain, and especially to that city whereof he was a native, and where he had his origin and birth place ; and that one of the principal things Avhich they Avho pass through that city, both natives of these kingdoms, and strangers also, desire to see, is his tomb and the place wherein he and his ancestors are interred, for his greatness and the antiquity thereof; and that it is now some thirty or forty days since ye, not having respect to this, neither bearing in mind that the Cid is our progenitor, nor the possessions which he left to your house^ nor the authority that it is to the said jMonastery that he should there have been interred, have removed and taken away his tomb from the middle of the great Chapel, where it had stood for more than four hundred years, and placed it near a staircase, in a place unseemly, and unlike that where it was placed heretofore, both in authority and honour. Moreover ye have removed with him the tomb of Dona Ximena his Mife, and placed it in the Cloisters of the said Monastery, full difler- ently from Avhere it was. The Avliich that city, as well because it toucheth us as for her honour, doth greatly resent; and albeit that as soon as it was known the Corregidor and three of the Regidores thereof went there to prevail with ye that ye should RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. ggj restore the said bodies to the i^lace Avhere they Avere wont to BOOK xr be, ve would not be persuaded ; whereof the said city holdeth vj-v^ itself greatly aggrieved ; and moi'eover it is a thing of bad exam- ple for Monasteries and Religioners, who, seeing hoAv lightly the tomb o£ so famous a person hath been removed, may ven- ture to remove and change any monuments and memorials* whereby gi-eat evil Avould accrue to our kingdoms. And the said City supplicateth and beseeching us of our grace, that Ave AA'ould be pleased to give command that ye should restore the bodies of the Cid and of his Avife to the same place and form as lieretofore. And the Cid haAang been so signal a person, and one from Avhom the Royal Crown of Castille hath received such great and notable services, we marvel that ye should have made this alteration in their tombs, and Ave command you if it be so that their bodies or their tombs have been indeed re- moved, as soon as ye receive this, to restore them to the same place, and in the same form and manner as they Avere before ; and in case they have not yet been removed, that ye do not move nor touch them, neither noAV nor at any time to come. And having first complied Avith this order, if ye have any cause or reason for making this removal, ye are to send us an account thereof, and also hoAv ye liave restored the said bodies and tombs to their former place Avithin forty days, to the end that Ave may give order to have this matter inspected, and provide as shall be most convenient. Done in Madrid, the 8th day of the Month of July, in the year lo41. Johannes Berganza.s. Cardinahs, by command of his Majesty, Governor in liis name. 391. XXVIII. This provision having been notified unto them, How the the Abbot and Monks made ansAver that they were ready to traJXT obey it, and that he Avould go and give account to the Lord o/ the Great Governor of what had been done. And the Abbot Avent accord- ingly to Court, and informed the Cardinal Governor of the 3 A 362 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, BOOK translation which had been made ; and that the tomb of the Cid had been removed to a place more decorous, and nearer the high Altar, and answering the site where King Don Al- fonso VI. had commanded him to be placed in his ivory chair before he was first interred ; and Avhere the vault had been made v.'herein he had lain many years. And that the reason why the tomb had been moved was, that the passage from the Sacris- ty to the choir and to the High Altar might be cleared ; and tliat the reason Avhy it had not been placed in the middle of the Great Chapel, was, that if that place were occupied, it seemed due to Queen Doiia Sancha the foundress of that House, or to King Don Ramiro, who had held that place in the old Church. But notwithstanding all these reasons which the Abbot alledged^ the Cardinal ordered him to obey the King's command. Here- upon the Abbot returned to the Monastery and determined to place the tombs of the Cid and of Dofia Ximena in the middle of the Great Chapel, before it should be known in Bur- gos that the translation Avas to take place; and accordingly when those persons who would fain have been present made 393!^^'^' enquiry, they were told that the thing was done. ofthestatc XXIX. Now there have not been wanting over-curious per- ^.tbilt the sons who, because the Monastery of Cardena is the first under the ' royal patronage, b}^ reason that it is a foundation of Queen Dona Sancha, who is the first royal personage that ever founded a Monastery in Spain, and because King Don Alfonso the Great re-edified it, and Garci Ferrandez the Count of Castille restored it, have said, that the Cid hath taken the place of these patrons. And when King Carlos IL was in tliis Monastery in the year I679, he asked whose the tomb was Avhich occupied the middle of the Great Chapel; and Fray Joseph del Hoyo, who was at that time Abbot, made . answer. Sir, it is the tomb of Kodrigo Diaz, the Cid Campeador. Why then, said one of the Ser^anzn. prcsenttimt. RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. S63 Grandees, doth the Cid occupy the best place, seeing that this BO O K Monastery is a royal foundation ? Upon this the Abbot made s^-v^ answer, that the Emperor Charles V. had ordered the Abbot and Monks to place him in that place ; and King Carlos II. said, The Cid was not a King, but he was one who made Kings. And from that time till the present day the tomb of the Cid hath remained in the same place, and that of Dona Ximena beside it ; and with such veneration and respect are they preserved, that they are alway covered and adorned with two cloths, whereof the upper one is of silk, and on great festivals they are adorned ^^^ ^^^ with one still more precious. 5.33.1393, XXX. Many are the things Avhich belonged to Ruydiez the ofAere-^ Cid Campcador, which are still preser\ed with that reverence cid. which is due to the memory of such a man. First, there are those good swords Colada and Tizona, Avhich the Cid won with his own hand. Colada is a sword of full ancient make : it hath only a cross for its hilt, and on one side are graven the words Si, Si . . . that is to say, Yea, Yea : and on the other. No, No. And this sword is in the Royal Armoury at :Madrid. That good sword Tizona is in length three quarters and a half, some little 'more, and three full fingers wide by the hilt, lessening down to the point ; and in the hollow of the sword, by the hilt, is this writing in Roman letters. Ate Maria gratia plena, Dominiis, and on the other side, in the same letters, I am Tizona, which was made in the era 1040, that is to say, in the year 1002. This good sword is an heir-loom in the family of the Marquisses of Falces. The Infante Don Ramiro, who was the Cid's son-in- law, inherited it, and from him it descended to them. Moreover the two coffers which were given in pledge to the Jews Rachel and Vidas are kept, the one in the Church of St. Agueda at Burgos, where it is placed over the principal door, in the inside, and^the other is in the Monastery of St. Pedro de Cardeiia, 364 CHRONICLE OF THE CID, B O O K where it is hung up by two chains on the left of the dome ; on \.^~v^ the right, and opposite to this coffer, is the banner of the Cid, but the colour thereof cannot now be known, for length of time and the dampness of the Church have clean consumed it. In the middle is his shield hansins a<£ainst the wall, covered with skin, but now so. changed that no blazonry or device is to be seen. In the Sacristy there are the keys of the coffer, a great round chest of sattin wood, the setting of the amethyst cup which he used at table, and one of the caskets which the Soldan of Persia sent with tlie myrrh and balsam ; tins is of silver, and gilt in the inside, and it is in two parts, the lid closing over the other part; its fashion is like that of the vessels in which the three Kings of the East are represented, bringing their offeriags to Christ when he was newly born. On the upper part is graven the image of our Redeemer holding the world in his hand, and on the other the figure of a serpent marvellously contorted, peradventure in token of the victory Avhich Jesus atchieved over the enemy of the human race. Tliat noble chess-board, the men whereof were of gold and silver, was also in the Monastery in the days of King Don Alfonso the AYise, but it hath long since been lost, no man knoweth how. ]\Ioreover there is in this Sacristy a precious stone of great size, black and sparkling ; no lapidary hath yet known its name. The Convent have had an infant Jesus graven thereon, with the emblem of the Passion, that it might be worthily employed. It is thought also tliat the great cross of crystal which is set so well and wrought Avith such great cunning, is made of different pieces of crystal which be- longed to the Cid. But the most precious lelick of the Cid Ruydiez which is preserved and venerated in this INIonastery, is the cross which he wore upon his breast when he went to battle ; it is of plain silver, in four ecpial parts, and each part covered with three plates of gold, and in the flat part of each five RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR. 3^5 sockets set with precious stones of some size, and with othei* B O OlC white ones which are smaller ; of these little ones, some are still .^„.^-^ left, fastened in with filigrane. In the middle of the cross is a raised part, after the manner of an artichoke, ending in white and green enamel ; and it is said that in the hollow thereof are certain relicks, with a piece of the holy wood of the true cross. Verily, that part of the Miiting which can still be read implieth this, for thus much may at this day be discerned,.. Crucis Salvator * * Sancti Petri * * Porto. Of the four limbs of this cross the upper one is wanting. King Don Alfonso, the last of that name, asked for it, and had it made into a cross to wear himself when he Ment to battle, because of the faith wlrich he had, that through it he should obtain the victory: of the lower limb little more is left than that to which the plates of silver and 5^^441. gold were fastened on. From point to point this cross is little /?•." more than a quarter. aeo. XXXI. There is no doubt that the soul of the blessed Cid r^mcthecu resteth and reig;neth with the blessed in Heaven. And men of all ttencanm. ° ited. nations and at all times have come from all parts to see and reverence his holy body and tomb, being led by the odour of his fame, especially knights and soldiers, who Avhen they have fallen upon their knees to kiss his tomb, and scraped a little of the stone thereof to bear away with them as a relick, and commend- ed themselves to him, have felt their hearts strengthened, and gone away in full trust that they should speed the better in all battles into which they should enter from that time with a good cause. By reason of this great devotion, and the great virtues of my Cid, and the miracles which were wrought by him, King Philip the Second gave order to his ambassador Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, to deal with the Court of Rome concerning the canonization of tliis venerable knight Rodrigo Diaz. NoAv Don Diego was a person of great learning, and i. 2g. «. ggg CHRONICLE OF THE CID. BOOK moreover, one of the descendants of the Cid ; and being greatly ^^ desirous that this thing should be effected, he sent to the Mo- nastery of St. Pedro de Cardeiia, and had papers and depositions sent from thence, and made a memorial of the virtues and miracles of the Campeador, showing cause why this blessed knio;ht should be canonized. But before the matter could be proceeded in, the loss of Sienna took place, Avhereupon he was fain to leave Rome ; and thus this pious design could not be brought about. Nevertheless the Cid hath alway been regarded with great reverence as an especial servant of God: and he is FriL"^" ■" called the Blessed Cid, and the Venerable Rodrigo Diaz. Certes, f'83™397- his soul resteth and reigneth with the blessed in Heaven. Amen. HERE ENDETIl THE CHRONICLE OF THAT EIGHT FAMOUS^ AND GOOD KNIGHT THE BLESSED CID, RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR,, THE CAMPEADOR. NOTES. NOTES ON THE INTRODUCTION. Count Julian. P. xiv. (1.) Pellicer discredited the story of Count Julian and his daughter, because it is not mentioned in the three oldest Chronicles; and this opinion has been too lightly adopted by other writers, witliout farther consideration. But the authors of those Chronicles wrote with the utmost brevity, and never entered into the particulars of any event. All the Moorish historians relate the circumstance, and all the Spanish traditions agree with them. The Marques de Mondejar, one of the most sceptical as well as most learned investigators of Spanish history, admits this story as authentic, and he is followed by Ferreras, . . a writer as sceptical as himself. The children became slaves. P. .\vi. (2.) It became a common trick to inveigle free persons into a marriage with slaves, who appeared free, in order that the owner might claim the children as his property. A law was necessary to check this practice ; . . if the deceit was proved, the slave and children were made free, and the master declared infamous. Fuero Jiizgo, Lib. 3. Tit. '2. Let/ 7. Slaves could obtain no merced, ^bounty, favour, meicy,) from the King . . . ca los siervos non son omes para parecer ante los Rej/es para pedirla ! . . for slaves are not men fit to appear before Kings to ask it! Part. 3. Tit.'i4. Ley 2. it is worth noticing, that the word for slave and for wretch is the same . . caitiff and captive. 3 B 370 Its creed more rational. P. xvii, (3.) Mahommed explicitly and repeatedly aflirmed that he had no power to work mira- cles. Yet such is the a])petiteof man for the miraculous, that his followers have invented them for him in profusion. The exploit of dividing the moon 'exceeds all miracles in extravagance ; . . even the great Moloch of Catholicism, St. Domingo himself, has had no- thing half so extraordinary imputed to him, though he is the Hercules J'"urens of hagiology.. Even some of those parts of corrupted Christianity which Mahoinmed was most zealous to keep out of his system, have been engrafted upon it. Ali is regarded by the Persians as a super-angelic being: indeed the songs in his praise which are written in gold round the gallery of the tomb of Abbas II. represent him as equal, if not superior, to the Deity himself. " The Universal Spirit with its sublime knowledge, cannot arrive at the portal of thy wondrous essence, O Master of the Faithful! " Were there a place more exalted than the most high throne of God, I would affirm it to be thy place, O Master of the Faithful ! " Being of an unconceivable puissance, the commands of Providence are executed by thy orders. " The infallibility of Predestination depends only upon thy conduct : she is so mo- dest as never to set her foot before thine. " Had not thy perfect being been in the idea of the Creator, Eve had been eternally a virgin, and Adam a batchelor." The Persians have also added redemption to their creed, through the merits and sufferings of Hassan and Hosein. At the day of judgment their mother Fatima will present herself before the throne of God, holding the head of one and the heart of the other, and demand absolution in their name for the sins of the followers of Ali. Franckliris Tour. P. 253. Hence the unnatural murders with which Asiatic history abounds. P. xix. (4.) Even Bruce allows that the confinement of all the Abyssinian princes upon the mountain " was probably intended to prevent some disorders among them which seem to be the almost inevitable consequences of polygamy." Book 2. Ch. 6. Bruce is the great modern defender of polygamy, and he rests his defence upon the greater number of women than of men in hot countries. But the coast of Malabar is as hot as the coast of Arabia, and there one woman has many husbands. The super- abundance of males in the one country, and of females in the other, must therefore be considered as consequences of these opposite customs, not as causes of them. The Mahommedan sometimes knows not the face of his own children. P. xix. (5.) Baron de Tott has recorded a conversation upon this subject between himself and his friend Murad MoUach : the fact is Turkish, the conversation French. 371 The Commander is punished for his misfortune. P. xxii. (6.) The conqueror of Conslaminople seeing his Janizaries vtpulsed before Belgrade, reproached the Aga, asked him where were the soldiers whom he had committed to his charge, and threatened to make an example of him. The Aga replied. Of those whom you committed to my charge. Sire, tlie greater part are dead, or wounded, and the few who have escaped will no longer obey me. For myself, I have only to rush upon the enemy and die in your service. He advanced alone and was cut to pieces, and then the Tyrant vainly regretted the brave man whom he had thus unjustly destroyed. Chalcondyles, L. 8. An instance of similar injustice is related in the following ballads. Passeabase el Rev Moro por la Ciudad dc Granada, desde la Puerta de Elvira hasta la de Bivarambla. Ay de mi Alhama ! Thro' the city of Granada Did the Moorish Monarch hasten. From the portal of Elvira To the gate r,f Bivarambla. Woe is me, Alhama! Cartas le fueron venidas que Alhama era ganada, las cartas echo en el suelo, y al mensagero matara. A}' de mi Alhama ! He had letters how Alhama By the Christians had been taken. In the fire he threw the letters And he cut the bearer's head ofT. A^'oe is me, Albania ! Descavalga de una mula, y en un cavallo cavalgaba, por el Zacatin arriba subido se avia al Alhambra. Ay de mi Alhama ! From his mule in haste alighting, Hastily he leaps on horseback. Up the Zacatin he gallops. He is come to the Alhambra. Woe is me, Alhama ! Como en el Alhambra estuvo, al mismo punto mandaba que 96 toquen las trompetas, Ids anafiles de plata. Av de mi Alhama ! Soon as he was in the palace. That same instant he commanded That the trumpets should be sounded And the clarions of silver. AVoe is me, Alhama ! Y que las caxas de guerra apriessa toquen al arma, porque lo oygan sus Moriscos, los de la Vega y Granada. Ay de mi Alhama ! And he bade the drums of battle Beat to arms in loud alarum. That the Moors might hear the summons O'er the plain and thro' tiie city. Woe is me, Alhama ! 372 Los Moros que el son oyeron que al sangriento Maite llama, uno a uno, y dos a dos, juntadose ha gran batalla. Ay de mi Alhama ! Alii hablo un Moro viejo de esia manera hablara ; para que nos llamas Key ? para que es esta llamada r Ay de mi AUiama ! Aveis de saber amigos una nueva desdicbada; que Christianos de braveza ya nos ban ganado Alhama. Ay de mi Alhama ! AUi hablo un Alfaqui de barba crecida y cana ; bien se te emplea buen Rey buen Rey bien se te empleaba. Ay de mi Alhama ! Mataste los Abencerrages que eran la flor de Granada ; cogiste los tornadizos de Cordoba la nombrada. Ay de mi Alhama ! Por esso mereces Rey una pena muy doblada, que te pierdas tu, y tu Reyno, y que se pierda Granada, Ay de mi Alhama ! They who heard the loud alarum Hasten'd to obey the Monarch. One by one and two by two They have formed a great battalion. \\ oe is me, Aliiama ! Then spake up an old Morisco, Thus did that old man address him : O King, wherefore hast thou call'd us, Wherefore is this lamentation, Woe is me, Alhama ! Friends n'ou have to hear ill tidings. Evil tidings I must tell you. How the Christians have surprized us. They have won from us Alhama, . . Woe is me, Alhama ! Then spake up an old Alfaqui One whose beard was long and hoary. This befits you well, good King, Good King, this befits you well, . . Woe is me, Alhama ! You have killed the Abencerrages They the flower of Granada; You have fostered here the strangers. Runaways from Cordova. Woe is me, Alhama !■ King, thou therefore hast deserved it. Aye, and sorrow doubled on ihee ; Hast deserved to lose Granada, And to perish with-thy kingdom. Woe is me, Alhama ! 373 Moro Alcavf^e, Moro Alcayde, el de la belluda barba, el Rey te manda prender por la perdida de Alliama, y cortarte la cabeza, y ponerla en el Alhambia, porque a ti sea castigOj y otros tiemblen en mirarla ; pues perdiste la tenencia de una ciudad tan preciada. El Alcayde respond ia, desta manera les habla ; Cavalleros v hombres buenos, los que regis a Granada, decid de mi parte al Rey como no le debo nada. Yo me estaba en Antequera en bodas de una mi hermana, .. mal fuego quemen las bodas y quien a ellos mi ilamara : el Rey me die la licencia que yo no me la tomara : pedila por quince dias, diomela por tres seraanas. De averse Aihama perdido a mi me pesa en el alma, que si el Rey perdio su tierra, yo perdi mi honra y fama ; perdi hijos y muger, las cosas que mas amab.i ; perdi una hija doncelia, que era la flor de Granada ; el que la tiene cauliva Marques de Cadiz se llama, cien doblas le doi por ella, no me las estima en nada : la respuesta que me ban dado es que mi hija es Christiana, y por nombre la avian puesto Moor Alcayde, Moor Alcayde, You there with the fleecy beard. The King has sent us to arrest thee For the losing of Albania. He has sent to cut thy head off And to set it on the Alhambra, Giving thee thy due chastisement, That others may behold and fear. Then the old Alcayde answered, Thus in answering did he say : Cavaliers and worthy Moslem, Honourables of Granada, Tell the King for nie I pray you, I have not deserved to die. I was gone to Antequera To the marriage of my sister, (Hell-fire light upon the marriage And on those who bade me to it) Leave the King himself had given me, For I did not go without it ; I for fifteen days petitioned, He allowed me twenty one. Oh, my soul is grieved within me For the capture of Aihama ! If the Ki ::g has lost his city I have lost my fame and honour, I have lost my wife and children. All that I loved best on earth: . . I have lost a damsel daughter, She who was Granada's flower ! To the Court of Cales for ransom I a hundred doblas offer'd ; He my offer set at nought : . . And the answer which they gave me Was that she was made a Christian, And the name which they had given her Dona Maria de Aihama ; . . This the name which they have given To Fatima the Moorish maid. 374 Dona Maria de AUiama ; el nombre que ella tenia Mora Fatima se llama. Diciendo este el Alcayde le llevaron a Granada, y siendo puesto ante el Rey la sentencia le tue dada, que le corten la cabeza. y la lleven al Alhambra: executose justicia assi como el Rev lo manda. Tlius the good Alcayde answer'd. But they look him to Granada And tliey brought him to the King: Sentence then was past upon him Instantly to cut his head oft". And to bring it to the Alhambra. Sentence was performed upon him Even as the Kins; decreed. The feelings and instincts must i/ield at his command. P. xxii. (7) A little before Mahommed II. put the Pacha Cathites to death, he sent him a present, and with y; a message, bidding him not be alarmed at false and idle ru- mours. The Pacha replied. It is you Sire, who can sadden us or rejoice us as it seems good to you : if it be your pleasure that we should be wretched and unhappy, surely we have enough cause to be so ; . . if you would have us chearful, it is reasonable that we should obey. Chalcondyles, L. 8. If' he Older the father to execute the child, it is what Destiny has appointed. P. xxii. (8.) Amurat the First, in punishing his subjects after a rebellion, made every man be executed by his own father or nearest relation. Only two fathers refused to obey this accursed order, and they suflered with their children. Chalcondyles, L. 1. The Moors found the same obsequiousness in Spain. P. xxiii. (9.) Some of the Spanish Goths are said at this time to have fled to England ; others to have ventured upon a farther flight. Among the many wild conjectures which have been sported upon the peopling of America, one is tiiat the fugitives reached Yucatan : . . the little crosses which the Indians laid upon tneir sick and dead are ad- duced as presumptive proofs. Beuther. L. 1. C. 28. Sacaru the governor of Merida, is said to have emigrated by sea, and gone in search of tlie Canaries; but certain it is he did not find them, for the Spanish discoverers found there a better race than themselves, a different language, and a different religion. Tradition says that an island in the ' Ocean Sea,' far to the West, is still possessed by his descendants, called the Island of the seven Cities, having six Bishops and one Archbishop. A Poriugueze ship, or a Genoese Carrack, once touched there. Brito had seen it laid down in an old chart : and in an edition of Ptolemy, it is called Antilia. Some have identified it with St. Brandon's famous Island ; but they who have landed 375 upon that found it desolate. He however who believes the existence of the one will not discredit the other;., and if there be no better authority for Sacaru's emiijration than Miguel de Luna, his existence is as doubtful as that of his island. It was not for his birth that his fellow soldiers lifted Pelayo upon a shield and acclaimed him King. P. xxiii. (10.) When Philip II. put the Justiza to death, and destroyed the liberties of Aragon, this plea was invented to justify his tyranny ; . . that Pelayo, by having been the first King that was set up by the Spaniards after the Moorish conquest, was not only King of so much of that country as they who had chosen him were at that time in possession of, or did afterwards conquer; but of all Spain, and consequently of Aragon and Catalonia, though those countries had been taken from the Moors by other princes and people, and had quietly been enjoyed by them above five hundred years, without any dependaace on Don Pelayo and his heirs, none of which before had ever pretended to, or dreamt of any such right. Now Philip, said the coiners of this new right, being heir and successor to Pelayo, as he is King of Castilie and Leon, he and all his prede^ ' cessors in those two kingdoms must, by right, have always been Kings of Aragon? though in fact they had been so but for a few years : all the compacts therefore, whcreoa the Aragonese rights and privileges were grounded, though of five hundred years stand- ing, are, and were from their beginning, void and of no effect; having been made betwixt the subjects of the King of Leon, and Princes who had no title to be their Kings. Gedde-i's Tracts. F. 2. 400. Tyrants are scarcely so detestable as the sycophants and sophists who flatter and justify them. Gregorio Lopez Madera, who invented this argument, is infamous as the defender of the Granadan Relics, the most gross imposition ihat ever was attempted by ignorant impudence. A good accoutit of it is to be found in the first volume of Geddes's Tracts ; . . a collection which for the knowledge and fidelity that it displaj's, should not be mentioned without praise, Dissentioru broke out between the original conquerors and the Moors fom Africa. P. xxv. (11.) A distinction was always made between the Arabian conquerors, and the Africans who came over to share in what the others had won. This distinction, says Moret, siempre fue de grandissima conveniencia a los Reyes Christianas. T. 1. P. 299. Zehra. P. xxviii. (12.) Five and twenty years were employed in building Zehra; the annual expences were 300,000 dinars of gold, in the whole 3,125,000/. But where is the boasted supe- riority of Moorish art? The architect of Zehra was from Constantinople, and so were its finest pieces of sculpture. 376 This is an Arabian account. 'I'he same author stales that Cordova conlaiued 200,000 houses, (jOO mosquts, and QOO public baths : he says liiat there were in Spain in his time, 80 large towns, and 300 oF the second and third order: the villages and hamlets were innumerable ;.. there were 1'2,000 upon the banks of the Guadalquivir. A traveller would find three or four towns in one day's journey, and could not proceed a quarter of an hour without coming to a village. ...Where are the monuments of this prodigious population.? Nations do not perish without leaving a wreck behind them. The track of the Tatar conquerors may stdl be traced by the ruins of cities. The detail of the sources of the Moors prosperity may be more safely trusted. Their chief exports were oil, sugar, cochineal, quicksilver, bar and wrought iron, raw and wrought silk, wrought wool : they also exported ambergris, amber, loadstones, anti- mony, the marcassite of gold, talc, crystal, tuit, sulphur, saffron, ginger, gentian, myrrh. The Spanish armoureis were already famous, and their work was preferred in Africa- There WHS a coral fishery ofl" Andalusia, a pearl one on the Catalonian coast. Rubies were I'ound in several mines ; the best by Malaga and Beja. The revenues of Abdoulrahman were 12,045,000 dinars in specie, 301,875 /. Many taxes were paid in kind : they would be productive in proportion to population and indus- try. The mines of gold and silver were then rich. There exists tlie inventory of a present made to Abdoulrahman by his Vizir: 400 pounds of virgin gold; ingots of silver to the value of 420,000 sequins, 18,750/.; 400 pounds of aloes wood, whereof 180' were in one piece ; 400 ounces of ambergris, and a single lump of 100 ounces ; oOO ounces of camphire ; 30 pieces of silk and gold, of that rich texture which none but the Caliphs might wear; 10 marten skins from Korassan ; 100 others of inferior kind; trappings of silk and gold for 48 horses from Bagdad; 4000 pounds of silk; .'30 Persian carpets; armour for 800 horses; 1000 shields; 100,000 arrows; 15 Arabian horses, caparisoned for the Caliph himself; 100 others for his suit; 20 mules with their trappings; 40 boys and 50 girls of great beauty; and a copy of verses. In return, he had a revenue granted him of 100,000 pieces of gold. The principal trade lay with Constantinople. It was the policy of the Greek Em- perors to unite with the Ommiades against their common enemy at Bagdad. Barbary was also a considerable mart, and there was a communication through Egypt with the East. Cavdonne 320. 337. T. 1. Galicia was ambitious of becoming independaiit, like Castille. P. xxix. (13.) When Castille and Leon were again divided after the death of Alonso VH. A. D. 1157, the reason assigned was the old jealousy between the Galician and Gastilian Lords. Moiidejar, Hist, del Rey D. Jloiiso. 8. P. 11. 377 Santiago could nol defend his own Church. P. xxx. (14.) Tlie Spaniards however insist upon it that he took vengeance for the insult: for " Antes que Almanzor se paiticsse de tierra dc Santiago, fue ferido el e toda sii compana de mandaniiento de Dios, por el pecado del atrevimiento de las suziedades quel fazie en la ygresia de Santiago; ca cayo en el una de las mas suzias enfermedad^s que podie ser, a la qual dizen las Jisicos Diarria." Cor. Gen. ^.81. Sa7itiago. P. .xxxiii. (15.) This miracle of Santiago's first appearance is related at length by King Ramiio, in the deed which grants this perpetual tribute to the Church of Couipostella. The authenticity of this Privilegio de los Votos, as it is called, and of others which confirm it, was questioned in Philip the Second's reign ; it was argued that the dates were false; . . but Morales proved that objection to be groundless. To have denied the truth of the miracle would have been heresy. If the deed be authentic, the tribute of the hundred virgins must be believed also : it is neither inconsistent with Mahommedan manners, nor in itself improbable. In Leon the damsels go annually in procession, with music and singing and dancing, in conse- quence of a vow made after the victory. Morales. 9. 7. The only old Ballad which I have found in the Portugueze language is founded upon this tribute. Every district was to supply its proportion of virgins. Six of the beauties of the land who had been chosen to the number, were placed in a strong building where the present Figueiredo stands, either as a resting place, or to wait for more companions in slavery. Goesto Ansur, a knight, saw them, plucked the bough of a fig-tree, after he had broken his sword, and with that effected their deliverance. He took the name of Figueiredo from the scene of this exploit, which also is so called in remembrance, five fig-leaves for his arms, and another for his crest. Brito, who has preserved this fragment, saw it in a collection which had belonged to Don Francisco Coutinho, Conde de Marialva, but which fell into bad hands ; and he had also heard it sung by the peasantry in Beira. There is a peculiarity in the language which renders it untranslatable. • No figneiral figueiredo logo Ihes pescudara a no figueiral entrey, logo Ihes pescudey, seis nifias encontrara quern las mal tratara seis nifias encontrey, y a ta5 mala ley. para ellas andara - No figueiral figueiredo para ellas andey, a no figueiral entrey, Ihorando as achara una repricara Ihorando as achey, infan§on nom sey, - . 3 C .378 nial ouvesse la terra que tene o mal Rey, seu las armas usara y a mim te nom sey, se hoinbre a mim levara de tao mala ley, A Deos vos vayades gar^om ca nom sey se onde me falades mais vos falarey. No figueiral figueiredo a no figueiral entrey, cu Ihe repricara a mim fh nom irey, ca olhos dcssa cara caros los comprarey, a las longas terras enlras vos me irey, las compridas vias eu las andarey, lingoa de aravia? eu las falarey, Mouros se me vissem eu los matarey. Ko figueiral figueiredo a no figueiral entrey. Mouro que las goarda cerca lo achey. mal la ameagara eu mal me anogey, troncom desgalhara troncom desgalhey, todolos machucara todolog machuquey, las ninas furtara las ninas furtey, las que a mim falara nalma la chantey, no figueiral figueiredo a no figueiral entrey. M. Lusilana. 2. 7. 9. The three authors who lived nearest the time never mention the battle of Ciavijo at all ; the}' only say that Ramiro twice conquered the Moors. Yo no carece de maravilla, says poor Ambrosio, porque no trataron mas de una cosa tan insigne como fite aquella victoria ; . . mas yo creo que por ser tan sabida, y estar tan cumplidamente cotilada en el privdegio del Rey, no curaron de dar dello mas relacion. T. 8. 34. 7. Morales seems lo have emasculated his mind as well as his body in sacrifice to the miserable superstition of his country. Ferreras, T. 4. P. 186, says the Frivilegio or deed of gift is manifestly false in date, signatures, and great part of its contents; but the gift itself is certain, and the reason why the deed was forged is because the original had been lost. It is manifest that the Church never could have carried such a claim into effect without some authority for so doing : nor is there any thing improbable in the story, the machinery of the miracle being so easy. That Santiago actually did assist Ramiro is proved by a perpetual miracle. In all the vicinity of Ciavijo, where the battle was fought, particularly about the town of Jubera, scollop shells are found in the stones, so exact and perfect, that art could not form a more accurate resemblance. Some say they have been there, says Brito, since the Apostle 379 preached there in his hfe-time ; others refer them to the age of this battle: ia eitlier case it is a notable testimony, and worthy of pious consideration ! M. Lusitana. 2. 7. 10. The scollop was the mark of a pilgrim who had been to Compostella, as the palm was of those who had visited the Holy^Laiid. Palmer and Pilgrim therefore are not precisely «ynonimous, all Pdgriins not being Palmers. Our old poetry, when a pilgrim is intro- duced, shows by its costume that this was the fashionable pilgrimage. The Jews are said to believe thai they can rise from the dead nowhere but in the Holy Land. They therefore who are not buried there, will have to work their way there through the bowels of the earth. A similar belief was spread abroad respecting the pilgrimage to Santiago, though a better journey was appointed for the traveller; .. Namque ferunt vivi qui non h»c templa petentes Invisunt, post fata illuc et funeris umbras Venturos ; munusque illud pr»stare beatis Lacie viam stellisque albam, qua; nocte serena Fulgurat, et longo designat Iramite ccelum. Pacieciclos. L. 7. P. 117. The Catholics take up the history of St. James where the Evangelical writers leave off: . . in other words, tradition begins where history ends. Santiago*, for as he is so much more celebrated in ecclesiastical romance than in ecclesiastical history, his romantic name should he given him, ..came after the cruci- fixion to Spain. He preached with little success, the names of only nine disciples being recorded. Howbeit his visit was attended with singular benefits to that highly favoured country, . . for when he and liis disciples were at Zaragoza, one night as lie went forth to the banks of the Ebro, to instruct them and join with them in prayer, the Virgin appeared to him upon a jaspar pillar, surrounded with angels, who sung to her the matin service. The Apostle knelt before her . . . she said to him, Build me a church upon this very spot, for I know that this part of Spain will be especially devoted to me, and therefore from this time I take it under my protection. And she re-ascended, leaving the miraculous pillar, over which Santiago erected a chapel That pillar is still the glory of Zaragoza, * The name Jacob has been strangely metamorphosed in Spain. Santo Jacobo was shortened into Santo Jiico, and then softened into the single word Santiago. The simple name was then extracted from this, and made Yago, Tiago, Diago, and finally Diego by the Spaniards, Diogo by the Portugueze.. From the French Jacques we have our diminutive Jack. I know not by what process the Catalan Jayme and the English James have been formed. 580 and the object of veneration in Spain, furnishing the Virgin with one of her thousand titles. He left two of his nine disciples, and with the other .seven returned to Jei'usaleni. There the Jews hired Herniogenes, a magician, and his disciple ]*hiletus, to confute him by disputation, or confound him by their power. Philetus first attempted ; he was balVled in argument, out-miracled, and converted. When he returned to his Master to relate how he had sped, Hermogenes spell-bound him so that he coidd not move. Santiago sent him his handkerchief, and the spell was dissolved as soon as he was touched with it. Hermogenes then bade the Devils bring the Saint and his new disciple in bonds to him : they were constrained to bind their master, and lay him at the Apostle's feet. A^ hy do you not bind Philetus also, said Santiago, willing to edify the beholders by the (confession which this question would extort. They replied, We have no power to touch even a pismire within your habitation. Philetus was then desired to release the old magician in the name of Christ. These wonders convinced him, but he feared to stir out of the door lest the fiends should destroy him. Santiago gave him his walking-stick : with this he was secure, and he remained with him as his disciple also. At length Abiathar the High Priest sent Josias the Scribe* to apprehend him, who accordingly put a rope round his neck and dragged him before Herod. Herod ordered him imtnediately to be beheaded. On the way he healed a paralytic ; the miracle opened the eyes of Josias, who confessed Christ aloud. He received the kiss of peace from his fellow-victim, and suffered martyrdom with the Saint, whom he himself was leading to execution. Morales. Q. 7. The seven Spanish disciples took the body by night, carried it to Joppa, and em barked on board a ship which was miraculously ready for them ; by miracle they sailed from Joppa to Cape Finisterre without sails or oars, in six days, and landed at a place called Birrivo, because it stood at the junction of two livers. Immediately they went to the Queen of those parts, who was called Luparia, requesting that she would give them a place wherein to bury their dead master; but she being a great Idolater, and as wolfish of nature as of name, gave information against them to the King of the province. He burning with rage set out in pursuit of them ; they hid themselves in a cave, but were warned divinely to leave it; the persecutor imagined they were still concealed there, and entered with all his followers. The cave fell in and crushed them. This and sundry other miracles converted Luparia. She gave them a temple, and was with many of her subjects baptized, . . forming so large a body of Christians, that two of the disciples thought it expedient to go to Rome and be made Bishops by St. Peter. Brito. 5. 4, • Eusebius (L. 2. C. 9-) mentions the conversion of this persecutor, but not his name, nor thf miracle which occasioned it. Hfe quotes St. Clemens. 381 . These first fruits were soon blighted. In one of the early persecutions the body was hidden and forgotten ;.. this forgt tiulness was partly the Devil's work, wlio was very anxious to have the existence of such a treasure forgotten, and partly because ... /a gente de aquella tierra no es comunmente de mucho enteiidimiento, ni adverteiicia en las cosas. Morales. (16.) Under Alonso VI. Don Diego Gelmirez, the first Archbishop, wisely considering that the marble coffin and the body would be regarded with more reverence if they were concealed, placed them in a vault under the great altar, where they still remain, never having been opened since. Morales. Ingens sub templo fornix, et claustra per umbras Magna jacent, csecaeque domus, quels magna Jacobi Ossa sepulchrali fama est in sede latere. Nulli fas hominum sacratum insistere limen. Est vidisse nefas, nee eundi pervius usus. E longe veniam exorant, atque oscula figunt Liminibus, redeuntque domas, variasque galeris Jacobi effigies addunt, humerosque bacillis Circundant, conchisque super fulgentibus ornant. Paciecidos. 7. P. 11 7. Compostella. P. xxxiii. (17.) Compostella has been derived from Campus StelljE, in allusion to the lights which pointed out the relicks ; but Florez, with greater probability, supposed it to be an abbreviation of Giacomo Apostolo. Esp. Sagr. T. )9. P. 71. Some theologians conceited that the mother of Zebedee's children had obtained her petition that her two sons might be seated, one on the right hand of Christ and the other on his left;. . because one of them was buried at Compostella, and the other in the East. Joannes Dryander, Prccf. ad J. Stadium ap. De Brj/. When Chapels were thus founded, Cities sometimes grew. P. xxxiv. (18.) In a charter granted to the See of Ourense 1165, it is stated that the city being small before, was now grown great since it had possessed the body of St. Euphemia, and this was only twelve years after its translation. M. Lusitana. 2. 5. 23. Our Lady of the Pillar. P. xxxv. (19-) Ferreras, in the year 1720, ventured to doubt this fable of the Pillar, and a royal edict was immediately published, ordering the obnoxious pages to be cancelled in every copy: Siendo, s.iys the King, muy de mi desagrado que con importantes vanas 382 euriosidndes se qui era eiitihinr la dcvocion con que JLspcnn y fndttH las Provincias Chrh- tid/i'is veiieuin aqiie/ Sniitiuirio ; y que se exciteu disj^ulns iiiutiles que ocasiuiieu eMaitdulo en las aiiifiius couatuiiteiiieiite Calholicus, y ardienleuiente pijs de mis vasa//i>s. Pliilip V. gave onler that this edict should be de|)Osited timong the archives ai Zaragoza, ia testimony ot his especial devotion to our Lady ot" tlie Pillar. Risco. Esp. Sag. T. 30. P. 63. The Inquisition shortly afteF«aids forbad any person ever to qiicstion the truth uf this precious tradition, and on the other hand permitted all writers to defend it whenever an opportunity occurred. Alvito intieated him to he dreamt of twice more. P. jcxxvi. ' (20.) The practice of discoveiing relicks by dreams, for the sake of erectina: a'tars there, and setting up a place of pilgrimage, became too common at last, and the Bish ips were ordered to destroy altars tlius fraudulently erected ; or if the people would not suffer this, to explain the deception to them, and exhort them not to visit the place in future. Partida 1. Tit. JO. Ley 10. We have seen many men, says Huarte, feign miracles in houses and places of devotion, for straightways the people tlock unto them and hold them in great reverence, as persons of v\hom God makes a special account ; and if they be poor tliey favour them with large alms, and so some sin upon interest. English Trans. P. l6. The superstition of Kelicks was not unknown to the ancients. The great toe of Pyrrhus, which remained iinconsumed by the funeral fire, was enshrined and huna; up in a temple. It had a special virtue in curing diseases of the spleen. Pliny. Lib. 7. Cap. 2. The remains of the Prophet Mopsus were held in like veneration on the coast of Africa, where he died, after the Argonautic expedition : ei eo cespite Punico tecti manes ejus heroici, dulorum varielati medentur plerunque sospitales. Amm. MarcelUnus. Lib, 14. The zeal xsnih which these saints were worshipped, Sfc. P. xxxvi. (21.) Those, says Sir Tliomas Browne, that to refute the Invocation of Saints have denied that they have any knowledge of our affairs below, have proceeded too far, and must pardon my opinion, till I can thoroughly answer that piece of Scripture, At the conversion of a sinm'r the Angels in Heaven rejoice. This delightful writer speaks of the Catholic religion, in his Re/igio Medici, like a poet, a philosopher, and a Christian. Gonzalo de Berceo has left a curious description of the apotheosis of St. Millan. After describing his death he proceeds thus : 383 Cerca sedieii los Angeles^ luego la recibieron, Cantando grandes laudes al Cielo la subieron, Con grandes processiones a Dios la oftVecieron, Con el todos los sanctos festa doble ficieron. Todos los Confessores fazien srrant ale2;ria, Porqiie vinie tal ouie entie sue compania, Dicien que meioraba toda sue confradia, Querrien que lis viniessen tales tres cada dia. Los Santos Patriarcas ancianos varones, E todos los Prophetas oscuros en sermones, Avien grant alegria, dizien sanctas canciones, Todos li facien onra e grandes processiones. Los doce Apostolos principes acabados. Que foron de la ley de Christo abocados, Con est huesped tan noble teniense por onrados, Dizien cantos, e sones dulces e modullados. El coro de'los Martyres que por Cliristo niorieron, Que por salvar las aliuas las carnes aburrieron. Con SOS amitos blancos procession li fizieron, Non serie asmaduera la onra que le dieron. El gozo de las V'irgines qui lo podrie asoiar f Todas con sos coronas li vinien visitar, Non podrien mayor gozo aver nin demostrar, Metien bien so estudio por iiiucho li onrar. El Key de los Cielosj e la sue madre gloriosa Dieronli rica siella e corona preciosaj En cielo e en tierra onra maravellosa, Ont es en altas nuebas sobida la sue cosa. V. de S. Millan. 302. 8. I cannot translate these lines without destroying their character. Those readers who do not understand them will pardon their insertion for the sake of others who do. A war of extermination. P. xxxviii. (22.) The Spaniards however had a less horrible idea of the Moors than those nations who were only acquaiiUetl with them by name. When crusaders from France and other countries came to assist Alonso VIIL it was with great difficulty that he coukl make them give quarter to the Misbelievers. Cor. Gen. 4. Jf. 357- 384 JVar was the business of the age. P. xxxviii. (23.) The greater part of the people neither cultivated the fields, nor had any other estate than the sword : and when in harvest time they wished to lay in bread for their children, they informed themselves where the Moors had most, and collecting their friends together made a sufficient company, with which they fell upon the enemy, and gathered in by force of arms the fruits which they had reared in the course of the year. By these means they became so ready for war, that whenever their Prince took the field, they left every thing which they liad in hand, and flocked to tlie place appointed ; the old men and boys lamenting that their age did not allow them to do the like. And the Portuffueze women held themselves disgraced if the ornaments and furniture of their houses were not spoils which their husbands had taken ; nor was there a man, however low his rank, who would give his daughter in marriage to one who had not borne a part in some famous encounter. Brito. Chion. de Cister. P. 232. NOTES ON THE CHRONICLE. Era. P. 1. (1.) Many dissertations have been written concerning the origin and etymology of the Era, from which the Spaniards used to date, till it was abolished in Aragon by Pedro IV. 1358, in Castilie by Juan I. 1383, and in Portugal by Joam I. 1415. St. Isidore thinks it originated from the tribute imposed by Augustus, and that the word was literally vEra, . . the brazen money. Brito says that this is confirmed by a manu- script of Eusebius at Alcoba^a, in which these words are found ; Hoc tempore edicto Augusti Casaris, as in tributum et census dari jubetur, ex quod JEra collecta est. He means, I suppose, that this is inserted as a marginal note by the transcriber. Bolh the Toledan Annals support this etymology by calling it. Era del Arambre, . . arambre meaning the same as jEs. Sepulveda says it is a corruption. Annus er. A. and from this abbreviation of erat Augusti came era. Resende and Morales assert that Era was a well-known word in this acceptation before the age of Augustus, Of these opinions, saj-s Bernardo de Brito, the reader may chuse which he likes best: for myself, I judge St. Isidore's to be very likely, Sepulveda's very ingenious, and Resende's very true, . . till some better shall be discovered. But certain it is, that this date is peculiar to Spain. The mode of reducing the year of the Era to the year of Christ is by subtracting 38. No doubt had been made of this computation till the Marques de Mondejar endea- voured to prove that the Era should be reckoned before the Incarnation instead of before the Nativity, and then another year ought to be subtracted. This opinion was supported by Gregorio Mayans y Siscar, who edited Mondejar's chronological works. 3 B 386 The authority of two such men was not lightly to be rejected. Florez therefore entered into a full investigation of the subject, and has for ever established the accuracy of the old computation. And from the coming of the Patriarch, &)X. P. 1 . (2.) The most complete specimen of this kind of date is to be found in Gomes Eannes, in his Chronicle of the capture of Ceuta. He is telling on what day the city was taken. " It was on the twenty-first day of the month of August, from the Era of Adam, that is to say, the year of the world 5176, Hebrew years ; and from the Era of the Deluge 4517, Roman years; and from the Era of Nebuchadnezzar 2lG2; and from the Era of Philip the great King of Greece 1723; and from the Era of Alexander the great King of Macedonia 1726; and from the Era of Ceesar the Emperor of Rome 1458; and from the Era of our Lord Jesus Christ 1415; and from the Era of Alimus the Egyptian 971 ; and from the Era of the Arabs 793, according to their years, for all the other years are Roman ; and from the era of the Persians 7B3 ; and from the Era of the reign of King Don Affonso I. of Portugal 313 ; and of the year of the reign of the King Don Joam .'S2 solar years; when the Sun was in six degrees of the sign of Virgo, and the moon had past the first quarter, and was in the first degree of the Gemini, who are Pollux and Castor, sons of Leda ; and it was more than seven hours and a half after noon-day when the city was quite cleared of the Moors." Beuther has an amusing chapter concerning epochs, in which he mentions the cir- cumstances from which the old people of Valencia in his time used to date events. They give a curious picture of the times. Some among us, says he, in this city, count from the sackage of the Jewry, when the people plundered and burnt it, after which feat the Synao-ogue was consecrated into a Church in the name of St. Christoval, and many Jews were baptized by their own free will, all which was in the year 1391, on the tenth of July. Others reckon from the fire in the market place, when because justice had been done upon a woman of rank and some of her servants who had murdered a whole family in Payporta, a village near Valencia, her husband, being a principal man in that place, attempted to burn the city, and set fire in many places to the market-place, where the bodies of the criminals were exposed ; but it pleased God that the fire took in one part only, where about a hundred houses were destroyed, and many persons perished. This was in the year 1447. And the street which was built on that occasion took its name therefrom, being called Carrer Nou, that is to say. New Street. Others reckon from the robbing of the Moorery on Trinity Sunday 1455, when by reason of a fight with knives hard by there, in which a man was killed, they cried out Muerto Ian, They have killed him ! and the mob thought it was Moras hay. The Moors ! and they rose and entered the Moorery, and slew many Moors, and plundered their houses, i. 1. C. 1. 387 And he put his sons to read that they might be of the better uiiderstandin'. Incontinently when they had done this, they pricked forward as fast as they could. And the Infantes, when they saw them coming towards them, thought that Kny Velasquez came to slay them: but the knights, when they drew nigh, cried aloud and said. Infantes, fear not, for we come to succour you, and to live or die with you ; for it is plain that your uncle Ruy Velasquez is greatly desi- rous of your death. And if peradventure we should escape from hence alive, we beseech you plight your faith to us that you will defend us against him ; . . and the Infantes pro- mised them this which they desired. And when they had done this they went against the Moors, and then began between them so fierce, and so grievous, and so desperate, and so cruel a battle, that never man heard tell of a greater, the Christians being so few: and so great was the mortality which they made among the Moors before any one of them died, that more than two thousand Moors were destroyed, as the history relateth. How- beit, at the end these three hundred who came to help the Infantes were slain. And the Infantes were now so over-worn with fighting, that they could not command' their arms to strike with the sword. And when Viara and Galve saw them thus wearied they had compassion upon them, and went to them to take them out of the press, and took them to their tents, and had them disarmed, and ordered bread and wine to be given them. But when Ruy Velasquez knew this he went to Viara and Galve, and told them that they did ill in leaving such men as those alive, and that they would fare ill in so doing; for if they escaped he could not return again to Castille ; and that he would go forthwith to Cordova, and there cause them to be put to death for what they had done : and the Moors when they heard this were full sorrowful. And Gonzalo Gonzalez said, False traitor, thou broughtest us here to bring down the enemies of the faith, and now thou tellest them to slay us ; but may God never forgive thee for this thing which thou hast done against us ! And Viara and Galve said then to the Infantes, We know not what to do ia this matter ; for if Ruy Velasquez your uncle should go to Cordova as he says, and turn Moor there, and Almanzor give him all his power, he would do us great evil for this. And since it is so we must place you again in the field from which we took you, for yoU plainly see that we can do no otherwise. And they did accordingly. And the Moors, when they saw the Infantes in the field, beat their tambours, and came at them as thick as the rain when it falls, and they began a crueller battle than any of the former, . . but though all the six Infantes stood by each other like one man, and fought right well and courageously, yet the Moors were so many that they could not bear up against them, and 397 they were so wearied v\iih fighting that they could not stir from the place, nor their horses with them : and even if they would have fought, they had neither swords nor other arms, for all were broken and lost. And the Moors, when they saw them without arms, slew their horses, and took them; and stript off their armour, and struck olT their heads one by one, in order according to their birth, before the eyes of their uncle Ruy Velasquez. But when Gonzalo Gonzalez, who was the younger of them all, saw all his brethren lying headless before him, he took heart with the grief which he resented, and went against the Moor who had beheaded them, and gave him so great a blow in the throat that he laid him dead upon the ground, and caught up the sword which he had used, and slew therewith more than twenty Moors who were round about him, as the history relateth. Nevertlieless the Moors took him, and smote off his head thereright. And when they were all slain as you have heard, lluv Velasquez dispeeded himself from the Moors, •and returned home. And the Moors took the heads of the seven Infantes, and of Nuuo Salido their foster father, and went with them to Cordova. When Viara and Galve reached Cordova, they went to Ahnanzor, and presented unto him the heads of the seven Infantes, and of Nuiio Salido. And Ahnanzor, when he saw them, made semblance as if he were greatly grieved that they had slain them thus, and gave order that the blood with whicii they were smeared should be washed off with wine. And after they had been washed, he had a white sheet spread in the palace, and the heads were placed thereon, in order, according to the order of their birth, and that of Nufio Salido apart from them, at the end. And Almanzor went to the prison where Gonzalo Gustios, the' father of the Infantes, lay prisoner, and he said unto him, How fares it with thee, Gonzalo Gustios? And he made answer and said. Even Sir as it pleaselh you; and glad am I that you come here, for I well know that this day you will show me favour, and order me to be taken out from hence, seeing 3-ou have come to see me ; for this is your custom, that wh.en the Lord goeth to visit his prisoner, incontinently he giveth command that he should be set free. And Almanzor said unto him, I sent my host into the land of Castille, and they did their battle with the Chrisiians in the plain of Almenar, and the Christians were vanquished : and they have brought me here eight heads, the seven are young, and the other is of an old man ; and I will take thee out that thou mayest see if thou knowest them, for my Adalides say that they were natives of the straits of Lara. Gonzalo Gustios answered, "When I see them, I will tell thee who they are, or of what place, or of what lineage, for verily there is not a knight in all Castille but is known to me. And Almanzor gave order that he should be taken out, and went with him to the place where the heads were laid. And when Gonzalo Gustios saw them and knew them, so exceeding great was his sorrow that he fell upon the ground like a dead man, and they thought that he had past away from this life; and he lay thus a long while, and when he came to himself, he began to lament so bitterly that it was marvellous to hear him. And he said to Almanzor, I know these heads full well, for 398 tliey are my children's, the seven Infantes of Salas, and this other one is Nunc Sali- do's, who fostered them. And when he had said, he began again to make his lamen- tation full dolorously, so that there was not a man who could have seen him without great compassion, or have stood by and borne it without weeping. And he took up the heads one by one, and talked to them, recounting to each the good feats which he had atchieved. And in his strong agony, he took up a sword which he saw in the hall, and slew with it seven guards there right before Ahnanzor ; and the Moors closed in with him, so that he could do no more, and then he earnestly prayed Almanzor to put him to death, for he would liever die than live : but Almanzor, for the pity which he resented for him, commanded them to do him no hurt. Now when Gonzalo Gustios was in this great sorrow, and lamenting as ye have heard, liie Moorish woman who guarded him, as ye have been told, came in, and said unto him, Take heart. Sir Don Gonzalo, and cease to lament; I had thirteen sons, all of them good knio^hts, and such was my fortune and theirs, that all thirteen were slain from me in battle in one day ; howbcit I did not fail to take comfort; ..how much more then should you who are a knight? for it is not by lamenting all your life long that you could recover your sons, and what doth it profit you to destroy yourself.? And Almanzor said, God knows, Gonzalo Gustios, that I haye great ruth for this evil and breaking-down which hath come upon thee, and I will release thee from prison, and give thee all of which thou hast need, and also the heads of thy children. Go thy way to thine own country, and to thy wife Doiia Sancha, for it is long since she hath seen thee. Then Gonzalo Gustios answered, God requite thee for the goodness which thou showest me, and peradventure the time may come when I shall do you service in return. . .And the Moorish woman who had guarded him, took him apart and said. Sir Don Gonzalo, I am great with child by you ; tell me therefore what I shall do. And he made answer. If it shall be a boy, give him two nurses who will breed him up right well ; and when he is of age to know good and evil, tell him he is my son, and send him to me at Salas. And when he had said this, he took a ring from his finger, and brake it in half, and gave her the one half, saying, Keep you this half ring for a token ; and when the boy is grown up, give it him that he may bring it unto me, and thereby I shall know him. And when Don Gonzalo had done this, he dispeeded himself from Almanzor and the other chiefs, and went to Salas. Not many days after his departure the Moorish woman brought forth a son, and Almanzor appointed two nurses who should breed him up, and they named him Mudarra Gonzalez. And when he grew to be ten years of age, Almanzor made him a knight, for he loved him well; for it is said that the Moor whose son he was, was Ahnanzor's sister: and moreover he loved him because he saw that he proved good, and was of good under- standing, and good customs, and right hardy in alt things that beseemed his years. And on the day that Almanzor made him a knight, he knighted two hundred others, who were all kinsmen of Mudarra Gonzalez, on the side of his mother, according to the 399 law of the Moors ; and he gave them to hiiiij that they should be his, and guard him, and serve him as their Lord. And this Mudarra Gonzalez turned out afterwards so good a knight and so brave, that save only Ahnanzor, there was not a better, nor such a one among all the Moors. And he knew that his father was a Christian, and how he had been made prisoner, and suffered great misery in his prison, and how his brethren had been slain by treason, for his mother told him all, and she gave him the half ring which his father had left to be a token. And then he said to all his company, Friends, ye know what great misery my father Gonzalo Guslios suifered wrongfully, not having deserved it, and how the seven Infantes uiy brethren were slain ; and 1 say unto you that I hold it good to go into the land of the Christians, and revenge them if I can. Tell me therefore what ye think good. And they answered after this manner. Know that whatsoever seemeth good unto you we heartily approve thereof; for we are all yours, and bound to defend you as our Lord, and to serve you and do your bidding. And when he heard them say this, he went to his mother, and told her he would go seek his father, and learn whether he were dead or living. And when he had said this, and taken leave of her, he went to Almanzor, and besought him that he would let him go into Castille ; and Almanzor held it good : and he tool, his leave and went his way with a great company which Almanzor had given him, and with great treasures, and he entered Castille. And when he came to Salas he asked if Don Gonzalo were there. And Gonzalo Gustios, when he saw this great chilvalry, enquired what company it was. And Mudarra Gonzalez made answer, Don Gonzalo, I am your son who was born in Cordova; and that you may know it is so, lo here is the half-ring which you gave unto my mother. And when Don Gonzalo saw the token and knew that this was his son, his heart rejoiced and he was glad. After some days Mudarra Gonzalez said to his father, I came here to learn tidings of you, in what state you were ; and also to take vengeance for the death of the Infantes my brethren, and your sons, ^^ow there is no reason why this matter should be delayed. Then Don Gonzalo took horse, and Mudarra also, and they who came with him and were his vassals, and they rode to Burgos where Count Don Garci Ferrandez then was, and Ruy Velasquez with him. And Mudarra, as soon as he saw Ruy Velasquez, defied him before the Count. And Ruy Velasquez said that be set his defiance at naught ; and Mudarra Gonzalez was in great wrath, and went towards him to give it him with the sword : but Count Don Garci Ferrandez took him by the hand, and would not suffer him to do this. And he made them agree to a truce for three days, for he could not delay the time longer, and then they all dispeeded themselves from the Count, and went their way. Howbeit Ruy Velasquez did not go that day, but remained at Burgos ; and on the morrow he set out and went towards Barvadiello ; and he did not go by day, but waited for the night. And Mudarra Gonzalez had taken possession of the road ; and on the following day Ruy Velasquez came early in the morning to the place where Mudarra 400 lay in wait; and Mudarra cried aloud. Liar and traitor, thou slialt die! and as he said this he ran at him, and gave him such a bloM' with tlie sword that he fell dead upon the ground, and thirty knights who were his vassals were slain with him. And in process of time, when Count Don Garci Ferrandez was dead, Mudarra Gonzalez took Doiia Lambra, and had her burnt alive : for in the days of the Count he could not do this, because she was his kinswoman. Now you are to know, ye who hear this liistory, that when this Mudarra Gonzalez came from Cordova to Salas, his father made him a Christian, and had him baptized, for till then he was a Moor. And he was a right good knight and a strong, as long as lie lived ; and Dona Sancha alway loved him well, because in all his deeds he was greatly like Gonzalo Gonzalez lier youngest son, and also in his lineaments*. And she adopted him to be her son ; and the manner of adopting him was this, according' to the custom of those times. On the day when he vyas baptized. Count Garci Ferrandez knighted him, and Dona Sancha had put on over her apparel a garment in the fashion of a smock, which was made exceeding wide, and she took her step-son by the hand, and put him in at the sleeve t of that wide garment, and took him out at the collar, and kissed his cheek ; and with that he was held to be her son, and heir to the lordship of Salas, and to all that she bad." This ceremony of adoption must have been Moorish, for Pietro della Valle describes it as the custom of the Persians. It is curious, as lie remarks, that Juno in Diodorus Sicukis, adopts Hercules in the same manner. The custom has left behind it a proverb in Spain . . . Mctedlo por la manga, y salirseos ha por el cahezon. It is equivalent to our Give him ait inch and he'll take an ell. Luis de Salazar, in his great Historia Genealagica dc la Casa de Lara, discredits that part of the story which relates to Mudarra, but admits that the Infantes were thus betrayed to death. Ferreras rejects the v.hole, and somewhat unfairly refers to Salazar as if he did the same. He has overlooked a decisive proof of the main fact which incidentally occurs in Yepes. The tomb of the Infantes is shown at two places, . . at S. Millan de la Cogolla, and at S. Pedro de Arlanza, . . two of the most celebrated Monasteries in Spain. Morales thought the former the most probable place for their interment. In the year l603,. the Abbct of S. Millan had the grave opened, in the presence of a public notary and * What follows is added by Moralss, L. IJ. C. '20, from an old manuscript of the C/iroii. Gen. Unluckily he has very much abridged what, as he tells us, is related in the original with great minute- ness. ■\ The deepe smocke sleive, which the Irish women use, they say, was old Spanish, and is used yet in Barbary : and }et that should seeme rather to be an old English fashion ; for in armory the fashion of the Miiiic/ie, which is given in amies by many, being indeed nothing else but a sleive, is fashioned much like to tliat sleive. SjKitscr's View of tk Stutc of Ireland, 401 other witnesses, and seven bodies were found there, without heads. In 1^97, seven heads without bodies had been found in the parochial church of Salas. Cor. Gen. de S. Beitilo. T. \.ff. 27G. When Morales hved there was a house at Cordova called Casa dc las Cabezas, because two chests were preserved there, on which, according to tradition, the heads of the Infantes had been laid. He remembered also in his youth an old and fine Moorish building, which was shown as the prison of Gonzalo Gustios. A series of prints representing the whole history of the Infantes of Lara, with allegorical machinery, is in the very curious collection of the Rev. Henry White of Lichfield. The subject of each print is briefly explained under it, in Span sh and Latin. There is no title or date to the book, but the engravings bear the name of Dancker Danckertze. The four first Ballads in Escobar's Collection. P. 4. (10.) These four Ballads appear to me not to be much older than the beoinnino of the 17th century. They are not in Sepulveda's collection ; they abound with tricks of composition, and give to Rodrigo that blustering and bullying sort of character which seems to prove that when they were written the gnnpo, or ruffian, was the favourite hero of the popular songs of Spain. The author, whoever he was, was not well versed in the history of the Cid, for he gives him two elder brethren, in direct contradiction to the Chronicle, which mentioning his bastard brother Ferrando Diaz, adds, e nunca el ovo vtro hermano /tin hermana. Some lines are in so much better a tone both of feeling and expression, that they seem to be fragments of older poems. Such is the description of Diego in his retreat. Non puede dormir de noche, nil) gustar de las viandas, ni alzar del suelo los ojos, nin osa salir de casa, Nin fablar con sus amisos. antes les niega la fabla, temiendo que les ofenda el aliento de su infamia. ' That part also of Rodrigo's speech upon his return, which is woven into the text, Veys aqui la yerva mala para que vos comays buena, que ay manos que no son manos, y esta leugua ya no cs lengua. 3 F 402 The Romancero General has another Ballad upon the same subject, which is not in Escobar's collection. Consolando al noble viejo Esta el valiente Rodrigo, &c. j: 358. The box on the ear has terribly perplexed the French actors. Voltaire remarks upon it, On ne donnerait pas aujourd' linl. uii soiiflet sur la joue d'lin heros. Les acteurs memes soiit ties ciiibarrasse a doiiner ce soitflet ; Us font le semblant. Celu 7i est plus mime soufert dans la comedie ; et c'est le seal exemple qu'un en ait sur la theatre tragique. II est a eroire que c'est une des raisons quijrrent intituler le Cid tragi-comedie. Hidalgos. P. 5. (11.) This title is well explained by Huarte, . . I transcribe from the old translation. To the bent of this purpose, though we shall thereby somewhat lengthen our matter, I cannot but recount a discourse which passed between our Lord the Prince Don Carlos, and the Doctor Suares of Toledo, who was Judge of the Court in Aicala de Henares. P. Doctor, what think you of tiiis place ? D. Very well, my Lord, for here is the best air and the best soil of any place in Spain. P. Tor such the Physicians made choice of it to recover my healtli : .. have you seen the University? D. No, my Lord. P. See it then, for it is very special, and where they tell me the sciences are very learnedly read. D. Verily for a college it carrieth great fame, and should be such in effect as your high- ness speaketh of. P. Where did you study? D. In Salamanca, my Lord. P. And did you proceed Doctor in Salamanca r D. My Lord, no. P. That meseemeth was ill done, to study in one University and take degree in another. D. May it please your highness, the charges of taking degrees in Salamanca are excessive, and therefore we poor men fly the same, and get us to some other University, knowing that we receive our sufficiency and learning, not from the degree, but from our study and pains : albeit my parents were not so poor but if them listed might h.ive borne the charge of pro- ceeding in Salamanca ; butyour highness well knoweth that the Doctors of this LTniversity have the like franchises as the hidalgos of Spain, and to us, who are such by nature, this exemption doth harm, at least to our posterity. P. Which of the Kings mine ancestors gave this nobility to your lineage ? D. None. And to this end your highness must understand there are two sorts of hidagos in Spain, some of blood, and some by privi- lege ; those in blood, as myself, have not received their nobility at the King's hand, but those by privilege have. P. This matter is very hard for me to conceive, and I would gladly that you expressed it in plainer terms; for my blood royal, reckoning from my- self to my father, and from him to my grandfather, and so by order from each to other, cometh to finish in Pelayo, to whom by the death of the King Don Rodrigo the kingdom 403 was given, before which time lie was not King. If we reckon up after this sort your pedigree, shall we not come at last to end in one who was no hidalgo? D. This dis- course cannot be denied, for all things have had a beginning. P. I ask you then, fioni whence that first man had his nobility who gave beginning to your nobility ? he could not enfranchise himself nor pluck out his own neck from the yoke t)f tributes and services which before- time he paid to the Kings my predecessors ; for tliis were a kind of theft, and a preferring himself by force with the King's patrimony ; and it souiideth not with reason that gentlemen of blood should have so bad an original as this ; therefore it falleth out plain, that the King gave him freedom and yielded him the grace of that nobility. D. Your highness concludeth very well, and it is true that tiiere is no true nobility save of the King's grant ; but we term those noble of blood of whose original ihere is no memory, neither is it specified in writing when the same began, nor wliiit King yielded them this favour; and this obsciirencss is received in the coinmonueaidi for more honourable than- distinctly to know the contrary. The commonwealth also inaketh gentlemen ; for when a man groweth valorous, of great virtue, and rich, it dareth not to chalicnge such a one, as seeming thereby to do him wrong, and thai it is fit a man of tiiat worth do live in all franchise. This reputation passing to the children and to the grandchil- dren, groweth to nobility, and so they get a pretence against the King. These are not therefore gentlemen because they receive five hundred su/cli of pay ; but \\hen the con- trary cannot be proved, they pass for such. That Spaniartl who devised this name of a gentleman hijodalgo, gave very well to under- stand this doctrine ; for by his opinion men have two kinds of birth, the one natural, in which all are equal, the other spiritual. When a man performeth any heroical enterprise, or any virtue or extraordinary work, then is he newborn, and procureth for himself other new parents, and loseth that being which he had tofore. "Yesterday he was called the son of Pedro and grandson of Sancho, anrl now he is named the son of his own actions. Hence had that Casiilian proverb its original which saith. Every man is the son of his own works. And because good and virtuous works are in the holy Scripture termed somewhat, which rt/go signifieth in the Spanish tongue, this Spaniard compounded this word /iljo(ia/g(i thereof, which importeth nought else but that such a one is descended of him who performed some notorious and virtuous action, for which he deserved to be rewarded by the King or Commonwealth, together with all his posterity for ever. The law of the Partida saith that hijodalgo signifyeth the son of goods ; but if we understand the same of temporal goods, the reason was not good, for there are infinite hidalgos poor, and infinite rich men who are no hidalgos. But if it mean the son of goods, that is to say, of good qualities, itcarrieth the same sense which we before expressed. Iluarte. The degrees of rank in Catalonia were settled by the Usatges, or Usages which Count Ramon Berenguer and his wife Almodis enacted in 10G8. The fullest account is thus given by PereTomich. 404 Lo dit egregi Baro en Ramoa Bcienguer, Comte de Barcelona, e la priidentlssima Comtesa Almodis muller sua, ordenaren e feren los dits usatges, segons en aquclls mes larganient es contengut, e ab los dits usatges lo dit virtues Baro agradua totes les gents de son Couitat e principat. E primerament lo dit Comte agradua los Comtes, dient los potestats sobre los Vescomtes, nobles Vervessors qui son en grau sobira apres los Comtes a potestats dessus dits, exceptat sobre los nou Barons, los quals lo dit Comte mete en grau de dits Comtes; appellant los Comdors, quasi volent dir, que en les senyorics e Baronies que ells havien sobre lurs vassals, eran axi com los Comtes, qui son dits potestats en lurs Comtats, e havien axi la senyoria sobre tots qui eran poblats en los ComtatS ; e perco foren axi appellats e intitulats per lo dit virtues Baro tots los dessus dits. Encara feu diferencia en los cavaliers ; car en aquell temps tots los qui anaven a cavall e armats eran dits Cavaliers; e ell dix los miles vero, qui vol dir, que tot Cavalier que tingua lo orde de cavalleria era cavalier, e lo iorn que prenia lorde liavia a ter un horn generos qui lingues en feu per ell, e havien a tenir un altre, qui tostcmps estigues ab ell, portant li son scut e la lan^a ; e lo altre home generos se deya companyo del Cavalier, e aquest se deya scuder. Los tals eran dits homens generosos, qui seguien lart de cavalleria; e al dit companyo que lo Cavalier havia pres lo die que avia prcs lo orde de cavalleria, havia li de donar lo dit Cavalier renda de que visques, tenint aquell la renda en feu sen; e tots los altres del estauient militar eran dits Cavaliers meiiors, axi los homens de paratge, com los altres qui seguien la art de cavalleria menor sens lo orde. E axi mateix agradua tots los ciutadans, Burgesos, e totes les gents de son Comtat e Principat segous lo grau de quiscu. Eiicara feu lo dit virtues Baro que tots los qui vinguessen apres de ell Comtes de Barcelona haguessen a tenir tinell, e dar a menjar als nobles, e fessen Cavaliers nouells. E en aquesta maiiera lo dit Comte e virtues Baro mes en orde les gents de la terra quiscu en son grau, e axi lie trobareu en los dits usatges, si be ho mirau. Pere Tomich, C. Sl.ff. 24. " The said famous Baron Ramon Berenguer Count of Barcelona, and the most dis- creet Countess Almodis his wife, ordained and made these Usages. And with those Usages the said virtuous Baron placed in order all the people of his County and Princi- pality. And first he set in rank the Counts, giving them powers above the Viscounts ; noble Vavassours, who are in the highest degree after the Counts or Potestats aforesaid, except over the nine Barons whom he set in the same rank with the said Counts, calling them Comdors*, as if to say that in the lordship and baronial rights which they had over their vassals, they were like Counts, who are called Potestats in their Counties, and had lordship in like manner ever all who dwelt in their counties, and therefore all • This is probably the origin of Commodore, which Johnson supposed to be a corruption of Commendador ; .. the Catalan word is much nearer both in sound and meaning. 405 these were tlius appellated and entitled by the said virtuous Baron. Moreover he made a distinction among Knights ; for in those days all who went on horseback and bore arms were called Knights, and he called them Mi/es veio, which was to say, that every Knight who had the order of Chivalry was a Knight, and the day on which he took the order he was to make a gentleman who should hold in feud of him, and should have another who should alvvay be with him, bearing his shield and his lance : and the first gentleman should be called the Companion of the Knight, and this other should be called his Squire. They were called gentlemen who followed the art of chivalry, and the Knight was to give a rent as long as he lived, to the said companion whom he took on the day when he leceived the order of knighthood, and he was to hold it as his fief. And all others of the military state were called Knights-minor, as well the home/is cle paratishop of Burgos came to see it, and having declared that he was greatly aflected at the sight, seat a deputation of Divines and Physicians to investigate the matter on the spot. They agreed, with only two dissentient voices, who were of the Clergy, that the appearance . was preternatural, and tliat the liquor had the accidents of blood. The riiysieians, after premising that miraculous blood was not necessarily subject to natural processes^ , 3 H 418 proposed to try some of it in boiling water: it coagulated therein, and then the two scep^ tics were convinced that it was blood, and exclaimed, Mirabilis Deus in Sanctis suis. Part of this blood was sent to the Archbishop, .. the devout dipt cloths in it, and the Cloister was boarded up so that the crouds who flocked there might behold it without entering; and thus it continued till it dried away, .. for it did not disappear, as in former times, .. the secret of the miracle was lost. Berganza. L.2. C 9. Two hundred Martyrs in one grave were a Potosi of relicks, and the Monks of Cardena have not been niggardly of their stores. Skulls and shin bones were given away so liberally about the beginning of the 17th century, and so many applications made for them, that the brethren found it necessary to obtain a Brief from the Pope, which made his express permission necessary for such a gift, . . except it were to a Cathedral or Collegiate church. />. 2. C.^^. Berganza however was not contented with this inexhaustible mine. The history of the martyrdom is recorded by different writers, with such irreconcileable difference of date and circumstance, that he is persuaded a second troop of two hundred were in like manner put to the sword, some years after the first I L. 3. C. 11. And yet this author, when he was not blinded by the abominable superstitions of his church, was au acute and accurate antiquary. Xativa. P. 138. (34.) Among the glories of this town of Xativa, Miedes reckons that of its having been the birth-place of Alexander VI, who by the grace of God became Pope! guiado por la matio de Dios ! L. 14. C. 15. u4hnogavares. P. 141. (35.) If Miedes and Bluteau be right in the etymology which they assign to this ■word, it may perhaps mean Men of the Earth. ..i.e. who lay upon the bare earth. Moncada however, in his Expedicinn de los Cutalanes y Aragoneses. f. 19, thinks the name refers rather to their origin than their customs, and that they were descended from the Avars, as is affirmed by the Byzantine historian George Pachymer. In the Sicilian wars between Pedro the Third of Aragon, and the French, a party of the Almogavares fell in with a large body of the enemy, and fled. One of them was taken, and the French thought him such a monster, that instead of killing him they took him to tlie Prince of the Morea, their commander, as a curiosity. His dress was a short frock girt round him with a rope; a bonnet of undre^t leather, with buskins and shoes of the same, .. and this was all: he was lean and sun burnt, his beard long, and his hair black and bushy. He was asked who he was, and he answered. An Almogavar of the King of Aragon's army. The Prince, thinking little of him because «f his wretched appearance, observed that it was not possible there could be any worth 419 or courage in such a miserable, poor, half-savage race, if they were all such as this. The Almogavar was offended at this, and said. In truth he thought himself one of the meanest of his fellows ; yet such as he was, if they would restore him his weapons, and any knight was there who would venture to fight him, armed at all points and on horse- back, he would undertake the combat, on condition that he should be set at liberty if he were conqueror, or otherwise put to death. The Prince expressed so great a wish to gee this challenge accepted that a young French knight presented himself; and they went out to the field. The knight couched his spear and ran at him, . .he leapt aside from the encounter, and at the same time threw his dart with a sure aim, and drove it half way to the hilt in the horse's breast : the horse fell, and in an instant the Almogavar was upon his enemy, knife in hand, had cut the lace of his helmet, and in another instant would have had his head off, had not the Prince interfered. The Prince then ordered him to be clothed, and sent to Messina. A^'hen the King of Aragon heard this, he ordered ten Frenchmen to be clothed, and sent them to the Prince, saying. That for every one of his people whom he would set at liberty, he would give tea Frenchmen in. e.xchange. Desclot. ff. 125, of Cerveras Translation. These men were mostly mountaineers of Aragon and Catalonia. They would some- times pass two days without food, and if nothing else was to be had, fed upon the herbs c.f the field : each man carried a wallet with provisions, and flint and steel. Do. ff'^5. Adalides. P. 164. (36.) The Adalides were people of great importance in an army. They were the guides; they were to say what quantity of provision was to be taken, . . to show where wood, oats, and herbage were to be found,. . where scouts were to be placed, . . almost they were to direct every inroad. The word is interpreted in the Pallidas to mean Guides. No man could become an Adalid, unless he were appointed to tiie office; and when a King or other Lord was about to appoint one, twelve of the best Adalides were to be convened, or if so many could not be found, the number was made up by the best informed men at hand, and they were sworn to say whether they thought the person proposed possessed sufficient, I. knowledge of the country ; 2. courage ; 3. good natural sense ; and 4. honesty, to qualify him for the office. Any person who undertook it without this authority incurred the penahy of death. When this jury had pronounced that he was qualified, the Lord who was to appoint him should then give him raiment, a sword, a horse, and armour both of iron and of y«s/e* according to the custom of the country. A Rico Ome who • In Note 6. p. 227, I have conjectured annas dc fuste to mean }hOck-armour, . . not then recollecting this passage ; which evider.lly shows that it was intended for service. Perhaps it wa» made of reeds, or very small twigs. The shepherds in the North of Portugal wear at this day 420 hns knights under liim, was then to gird on his sword, but the blow on the neck was not to be given. Then a shield was to be laid upon the ground, on which he was to stand . . and the King or Lord who appointed him drew the sword and delivered it into his hands ; his twelve vouchers lifted him on the shield, with his face to the East, and he made two strokes with the sword, one upward, the other athwart, so as to describe a cross, exclaiming, I, such-a-one, defy all the enemies of the faith, in the name of God and of my Lord the King, and of my country: and this he repeated towards the other three quarters. He then sheathed the sword, and the King gave him his badge of office, saying, I permit thee to be an Adalid from this time forward. He was then allowed to bear arms and banner, and to eat at board with knights, and he might exercise authority by words over honourable men and knights, and over foot soldiers and the Almoo-avar-horse, by deeds, striking them if they did amiss, not however so as to injure them. Partida. 1. T. 22. L. 1. 2. 3. 4. One of the reasons assigned for these honourable ceremonies at the creation of an Adalid was the danger to which he was exposed. For if he, or any of his sons, were taken, there was no mercy shown him: the state purchased him of the captors, and he was delivered up to the people to be cruelly put to death. Milan-ros de N. Seiiora de Mniitserrat. Barcelona 1574. Mil. 23. In Barbary every man of the district gave a dobra to the captor, of such importance was it thouo-ht to destroy them. The Alcayde of Alcacer saved one for the sake of Don Pedro de Menezes, though he was often called upon to give hiin up. He represented to the people that the Adalid was not to blame in performing his office, and bade them remember how many lives their vengeance would cost : this latter argument prevailed. Gomes Eaniies. Chr. de Don Pedro de Menezes. C. 44. Almocadenes. P. 164. ■ (37 ) These men were to the foot-soldiers what the Adalides were to the horse, and were appointed by the Adalides. Twelve Almocadenes vouched for his qualifications, one of which was to be swift of foot ; raiment was given him and a lance, with a pennon of triangular shape ; he was elevated upon the hafts of two spears, which were held short jreat coats and hoods of straw, . . a complete covering of thatch. Something of this kind may have been used which would deaden the blow of a sword. When Artasirus liad undertaken to stab the usurper Gontharis at Carthage, he cut some arrow-shafts in pieces, and fastened the pieces round his left arm, from the wrist to the elbow, over the shirt. On this arm he received the blows which were made at him, by the adherents of Gontharis, and the arrows saved h m. Prucopius. A friend upon casting his eye over this sheet, observes to me iimt fustian has a tempting similarity of sound to fitsft, and that the linen corselets of the Saracens and the cotton ones which the Spaniards borrow from the Mexicans, favour such an interpretation. 421 lest they should break, and tlien peiFovmed the same ceremony with his lance towards the four points ot Heaven, as the Adalid did witli ihe sword. Tliese men could not rise to be Adalides, till they had first served among the Aimogavar-horse. Pait. 2. Til. 22. L. 5. 6. And rnerrhaiits came therefrom all parts to biii/ and to sell. P. 178. (38.) Good part of the spoil at this time lay in ricli merchandize. In the wars of King Jayme El Conquistador against the Moors, merchants always followed the camp to buy the plunder and advance money to the King. VVIieii he was besieging Murcia, the soldiers used to say they should soon measure tlie velvets there, not by the yard but by the spear. Miedes. L. 17. C. 6. Jaleucia. P. 179. (39.) Miedes. (L. 12. C. I6.) says that there are above thirty thousand wells in Valencia and its suburbs, and that they contribute greatly to preserve the city from earthquakes and pestilent vapours, by letting the mischievous matter escape little by little, and tempering it as it passes. Los quales ai/udan mucho a la Jinneza y sanidad de la tierra, dcfemUendoln assi de terremotos y otras aberturas, corno de pestilentes vapores, para que salgan no con impetu debaxo de la tierra, sino poco a poco, y como rosciados y tern- plados por los mesmos pozos. Some, says Beuther, have called this city Epedrapolis, . . the city founded upon waters, because it hath within it more than ten thousand wellr ; and because they are of spring water, they rightly call them fountains. L. 1. C . 9. According to fabulous history Valencia was founded by Romo, the 20th King from Tubal, and called after his name, Rome, in the days when Deborah and Barak were Judges of Israel. Beuther. L. 1. C 11. Mithi idate, that great mother of medicines, says Beuther, w hich was invented by the King of Pontus whose name it bears, was not formerly made in Spain, because the numerous herbs used in its composition were not found there: and therefore it was brought from Venice. But for some years past it has been compounded with great solemnity in our city of Valencia by the college of Doctors in Medicine, and by the Spicers. And it is made here in greater perfection than in other parts of the world, and exported from hence to many provinces. For in the territory of this city all the herbs used in it are found, except those which grow only in India, those having now been found, which till now had not been discovered here. P. 186. N. 5. (40.) The sewers at Valencia were the work of Cn. Scipio, . . the six main branches are of such depth, that a man on horseback might ride through them. They have long been neglected, which Beuther imputes to the Moors ; but when at any time, either from 422 chance, or design, they have been opened, it has been with great difficulty that the workmen could break through the arch, . . so excellently durable were the public works of the Romans. Martin Pelaez. P. 199- (41.) In a privilege of Henrique IV. which is given by Berganza, (L. 7. C. 13,> the courage of Martin Pelaez is accounted for in a different manner. One day when the Moors and Christians were fighting, and he as usual was in the rear, he saw an arrow strike a snake in its hole and kill it, upon which he began to meditate upon the in- evitableness of destiny, .. put spurs to his horse, and gallopped into the midst of the battle. / Jdelantado. P. QfK). (42.) This, which is not a Moorish title, originally meant Leader: . . the Provincial Governors are now thus called. In Cast.lle, Andalusia, and Murcia, the office is here- ditary. An Adelantado was not allowed to marry any woman of the province over which he presided, during iiis office. This law was enacted because the power which he pos- sessed would have enabled him to marry any woman, against the will of her friends, they not daring to refuse him. He therefore might have a barraguna, a concubine, as if this was not giving him greater power of mischief ! but it did not affect tlie great families, and they were the only persons who were regarded. Part. 4. Tit. 14. Ley. 2. Juan de Mena, when celebrating the Adelantado Diego de Ribera, puns upon the word. Tu adelantaste virtud con cstado, Tomando la muerte por la sancta ley, Tu adelantaste los reynos al rey Seyendo le siervo leal y criado, Tu adelantaste tu fama finado En justa batalla muriendo como hombre; Pues quien de tal guisa adelanta su nombre Ved si merece ser Adelantado. Coplu. 192. They eome to bring you a present. P.229. (43.) Mientras mas Moras, mas ganancia, The more Moors the more plunder! said the Cid upon this occasion, and the words became a proverb. They were repeated by that wretch Gonzalo Pizarro, when he marched against the Viceroy Blasco Nunez Vela. Herrera 7. 8. 10. 425 p. 241. N. 11. continued. (44.) Loyalty to a swperior is carried to a more atrocious length by the Spanish laws than I have seen it elsewhere. A father holding a Castle for his Lord, and being besieged in it, and his provisions gone, was authorized lo kill and eat his own son ! ! Part. 4. Tit. 17. Ley. 8. The Partidas (P. 2. T. 13. L. 1.) speak of an old law whereby any man wtio openly wished to see the King dead, was condemned to death, and tlie loss of all that he had. The utmost mercy to be shown him was to spare his hfe and pluck out his eyes, that he might never see with them what he had desired. To defame the King is declared as great a crime as to kill him, and in like manner to be punished. The utmost mercy that could be allowed was to cut out the offender's tongue. P. '2. 2\ 13. L- 4. Thet/ changed ss:ords before the King. P. 944. (45.) Berganza quotes Cassiodorus to show that one form of adoption was by giving arms to the person adopted. Per arma Jieri posse Jilium, grande inter ge.ntes constat esse prccconium. Lib. 4. Epist. 2. Throzcins canes, P. 247. (46.) The juego de canas is an Eastern sport. In the Atmidan (the old Hippodrome) at Constantinople, the Spachies of the court play every Friday at Giocho di Cunni ; which is no other than Prison base upon horse- back, hitting one another with darts, as the other do with their hands, which they never throw counter, but at the back of the flyer. Nor is it the least contentment to the , Christian to behold the terrible falls that they often get (not rarely costing them their lives) whilst by the wreatliing of their bodies, or a too hasty turn, they seek to avoid the pursuer : and sometimes the darts not lighting in jest on their naked necks and reversed faces. Sandy s Travels. 34. The military men in Persia are constant!}' playing at jureed-bazee, which is throwing a dart three cubits long at a horseman, when they are at full gallop. The person at whom it is thrown either catches it in liis hand, or throwing himself under the horse's belly allows it to fly over him. This they perform very expertly ; which is by no means easy when we recollect that the horse is going nearly at his speed. The jiireed comes with sufficient force to break an arm. Waring 56. Bertrandon La Brocquiere saw ancuher kind of xhe juego de cajias at Constantinople, which he seems to have regarded with great contempt. They carried us, he says, (P. 232,) lo see a feast given on account of the marriage of one of the Emperor's relations. There was a tournament after the manner of the country, but which appeared very strange to me : I will describe it. In the middle of a square they had planted, hke to a quinlany, a large pole, to which was fastened a 424 plank tliree feet wide, and five feet long. Forty cavaliers advanced to tliis spot, without any arms or armour whatever but a short slick. They at first amused themselves by running after each other, which lasted for about hah an hour; tlien from sixty to four- score rods of akler were brought, of the thickness and length of those we use for thatch- ing. The bridegroom first took one, and set off fuh gallop toward the plank, to break it: as it shook in his hand he broke it witli ease, when shouts of joy resounded, and the instruments of music, namely nacaires, like those of the Turks, began to play. Each of the other cavaliers broke his wand in the same manner. Then the bridegroom tied two of them together, which in truth were not too strong, and broke them without being wounded. Thus ended the feast, and every one returned to his home safe and sound. Turkish exercises were at this time (1433) the fashion in Constantinople. I saw, says La Brocquiere, the brother of the Emperor, the Despot of the Morea, exercising himself in the Hi|)podrome with a score of other iiorsemen. Each had a bow, and they gallopped along the inclosure, throwing their hats before them, which when they had passed they shot at ; and he who with his arrow pierced his hat, or was nearest to it, was esteemed the most expert. This exercise they had adopted from the Turks, and was one of which they were endeavouring to make themselves masters. P. 225. j4 court yard zchere there was a wine-press. P. 2.51. (47.) It is only in the Poem tliat the place into which Diego leapt is described as containing a wine press: the Chronicles speak vaguely, ..and the Ballad-writer had evi- dently very different filth in his view. Pregunto por sus dos yernos, Bermudo le respondio, del uno os dare recaudo que aqui se agacho, por ver si el leon es fenibra o macho. Alii entro Martin Pelaez aquel temido Asturiano, diziendo a vozes, Seiior albricias, ya lo han sacado. El Cid le replico, a quicn ? el respondio, al otro hermano, que se sumio de pavor do no se sumiera el diablo. Miralde senor do viene, . . empero fazeys a un lado, que aveys para estar par del meuester un encensario. Escobar. Rom. 62. This writer was ignorant of the vaults of Valencia. They were Roman works, and the Spaniards have not yet learnt to imitate them. Madrid is less offensive than Edin» burgh formerly was, but liable to the same reproach. 425 And he lifted up his voice. P. 25 1 . (48.) Aqui dio una voz el Cid, y lievolo a la leonera, a quien coino por milagro faziendole mil lialagos. se humillo la bestia fiera, Aturdido esta el geiitio huinildosa y coleando. viendo lo tal, no contando Agradecioseio el Cid que ambos eran Leones y al cuello le echo los brazos, mas el Cid era mas bravo. Escobar. Rom, 62. Danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions, litter'd in one day. And I the elder and more terrible. Flecknoe has two linesvvhich bear some resemblance to the Ballad ; they are addressed to Prince Rupert, on his naval victory over the Dutch, in 1665. The Belgick Lyon stands amazed to see A greater Lyon than itself in thee. The Lion. P. 251. (49.) Juan II. as they say, says the Comendador Fernan Nunez, had a tame Lion, on which he placed his feet when he was seated on the throne. As this Lion was fed from the King's own table he grew so fat, that going one day in a cart from Madrid to Alcala de Henares, he died on the way with heat. Glosa sobre Las Trezientas. If there be any truth in the first part of this tradition, we may be sure the Lion had liad both his teeth and his claws under the hands of the Barber, to qualify him for tlie place of Pedifer. But 1 suspect the story lias no other foundation than the allegorical representation of this King in the Trezientas. Al nuestro Rey magno y bienaventurado Vi sobre todos en muy firme siila, Digno de reyno mayor que Castilla, Velloso leon a sus pies por estrado. Copla 221. The ivory seat. P. 284. (50.) Henrique III. one day saw his brother silting, in sport, in tiie chair of au- dience; ..Fernando immediately rose when he perceived him. The King ordered the chair to be thrown out of the window, and aaid to. the Infante, Thank me, Sir, that 1 have 3 I 426 not had you thrown with it ! From that time the seat of the chair of audience was always turned towards the wall, and this law of the palace became the fashion of the nobles. Gil Gonzalez Davita, Hist, del lies/ Don Henrique. III. P. 10. In Palmerin de Oliia, (C 44.) the King of Hungary conceives a mortal hatred a"-ainst his brother, because he saw him one day sitting in the royal seat. " Then the Sage Urganda ordered royal seats to be brought, such as in those days Emperors and Kings were wont to take about with them, which were all covered with gold right cunningly wrought, and set with many stones and pearls of great price. And this was done that great personages, though they might peradventure equal them in their garments miglit not in their seats, which gave them great authority ; and thereby they were known by strangers who entered their royal palaces, even though no advise- ment were given." Esptandian, C. 183. Sir John Finett, Master of the Ceremonies to James and Charles I. left behind him, " soiue Choice Observations touching the Reception and Precedence, the Treat- ment and Audience, the Puutillios and Contests of Forren Ambassadors in England," which Howell published under the title of Finetti Philoxenis. That any man should have lived about such a court in such times, and have left stich memoirs of it, is truly surprizing. A passage which shows that chairs and stools were as great objects of discussion in those days as they were in the reign of King Don Alfonso, is a good specimen of the book. .. Sir John, who had a true genius for the worthy office which he held had been sent in the King's name to invite the French Ambassador to the marriao-e of the Lady Jane Dromond, which was to be solemnized the next day, at Somerset House ; and after many diplomatic difficulties the point seemed to be settled that " the Ambassador would (postponing all other considerations) be there both dinner and supper. With this signification I returned to the Lord Lysle (Lord Chamberlaine to the Queene) who communicated it to the Earl of Worcester, Master of her Majesties Horse, that he might convey it to her Majesty, as he should go with her in a coach from Whitehall to Somerset House. It hung yet in intention when the Ambassador's Secretary came to me from his Lord, with a further exception, that, howsoever the Queen were pleased that he should be present both dinner and supper, he would be bold to prefer this condition to her allowance, that he might not sit upon a stool, but in a chair, in the same manner as the Bride should be seated. I answered, I thought that would be a matter of no great difficulty. But how (quoth I) if the Prince be there, and have but a stool to sit on ? If my Lord Ambassador were sure of that, replied the Secre- tary, I presuiue he would make no further question, but in all bear his Highness company. To be resolved of this, I went at his request to my Lord Lysle, my Lord Worcester, and my Lord Carew Vice Chamberlain, whom I found altogether ; and having assurance from them of the Prince his presence with the Bride at dinner, and requesting their Lordships, (as the Secretary desired me) that they would not trouble the Queen any 427 further coaceruing the Ambassador till the Secretary had been with him, and returned with his final satisfaction, he repaired that evening to my Lord Lysie, and propounding the same demand of a chair, as he had done to me in the afternoon, ii was resolved the should have one with the Prince: and so ended that difference. The next day he came, and the Bride (seated at the table's end, which was placed cross at the upper end of the hall) had the Prince at her left hand, as the belter place neerest the wall, (his Hicrhness sitting with his right hand uppermost) on her rigiit the Ambassador, both iu chairs, and opposite to him, beneath the Prince in a little distance, sate on a stool a Duke of Saxony, here at that time to visit his majesty." P. 17. For the PimtilUos of an Ambassador Sir John had all imaginable respect. But when one of the King's Gentlemen Ushers objected to a guest's sitting on a stool at the end of the table iu the Council Chamber, " as being, he said, irregular and unusual, that place being ever wont to be reserved empty for state ;" . . This, says Sir John, as a superstition of a Gentleman Usher's, was neglected. P. 35. They must needs make restitution. P. 292. (51 .) S-ponsalitia lurgitas is as much as to say in the romance tongue. The gift which the man giveth to his espoused, or she to him, freely without condition, before the mar- riage. And notwithstanding such a gift as this is given without condition, it must alway be understood, that lie who receives it ought to return it, if by his fault the mar- riage is not comp'eated. But if peradventure it should not be compleated by reason of the death of one of the parties, in that case there shall be this difference. If the spouse who made the gift shall have died before he kissed his espoused, then all that which he gave ought to be returned to his heirs. But if he had kissed her, the half only is to be returned, and the other half remains to her. And if it should happen that the espoused hath given a gift to her spouse (a thing which seldom happeneth because women are naturally covetous and avaricious) and she die before the marriage, then in such a case, whether they have kissed or not, the thing given ought to be returned to her heirs. And the leason by which the wise ancients were moved to give this different judgment respecting these gifts is this: .. because the espoused gives the kiss to her spouse, and it is not understood that she receives it from hira. Moreover when the spouse receives the. kiss, he hath pleasure therein and is glad, and the espoused remain- eth abashed. Part. 4. Tit. II. Lei/ 3. By old custom, a hidalgo might give his wife at the time of marriage, and before the vow, a marriage-gift; which was to be una piel de* abortones, made very full. * I take this to be a dress oi unborn Lambs-skin. Abes was the name of the skin, . . one manu- -Bcript says oJ]is. 428 and with three trimmings of gold : this dress was to be so large that a knight in armour might go in at one sleeve, and out at another, . . a fashion which refers to tlie ceremony of adoption. A mule with its caparisons, a silver cup, and a female Moor, were also to be given. In later times all this was commuted for one thousand maravedis. Dona Elvira, niece to the Arcidiano Don Matheo de Burgos, and daughter of Ferran Rodrigues de Villarmentero, had been espoused to a knight, and received from him gar- ments and girdles and a mule, as the marriage gift. The marriage was broken off, and he reclaimed tliem. This discourteous demand came before Don Diego Lope de Faro, then Adelantado of Castille, and the knight and the lady's uncle pleaded in person. The Adelantado pronounced that if the Lady would affirm that after the espousals she had kissed and embraced the knight, the gift should be adjudged to her, otherwise it must be returned. Dona Elvira would not affirm this, and lost the property ; and this story is registered as a^fazana of Castilie, to be a precedent. Fuero f'iejo. L. 5, T. 1. L. 2. 4. And he loosed his beard. P. 302. (52.) The Cid seems to have drest his beard in this extraordinary manner on no other occasion, and it is not apparent why he should have done so now. A fashion of twisting the beard with threads of gold is mentioned in Romance. When the knight of the Burning Sword comes to the Defended Mountain, " going over the bridge he saw at a window of the Castle which looked towards the sea two knights playing at chess, the one not so tall as the other, nor so large-limbed ; both were above fifty years of age, and both attired in black ; the lesser knight had his hair and beard so long that they hung down below his girdle, and they were fiUetted with threads of gold: presently he judged by the appearance of this knight that it must be the King of Jerusalem, as the truth was." Ainadisde Grecia. P. 1. C. Q. In the same Romance, P. 2. C 124, the monster Furior Cornelio has his beard threaded with gold in the same manner, and his hair also in tufts. La barva avia large y tran^ada eon cuerdas de oro,y assi mesnio los cabellos a guedejus. Our Athelstan twisted golden threads with his hair (Turner's Hist, of the Anglo Saxons, B. 6. C. 3). Caramansa the negro King, who gave the Portugueze permission to settle where St. Jorge da Mina now stands, had his beard platted with gold wire. Barros, L, 3. C. 1. Yepes supposes that they had two names. P. 312. 53.) This opinion that the Cid's daughters had two names, or at least that they bore at one time the names by which they are called in the Poem, and in all the old Historians, derives some confirmation from the fact that a daughter of Dona Elvira bore the same name, which had never been known in the royal house of Navarre before. 429 and which P. Moret, the laborious historian of that country, supposes therefore to liave been introduced by her mother. Invsstig. L. 3, C. 5. Bcrganza. 5.27. | 331. Romance writers have not exaggerated the iielpless state of women. Alonso II. of Aragon sent to ask in marriage the daughter of the Greek Emperor Manuel ; his proposal was accepted, and the Princess, escorted by two Archbishops and two Nobles of the empire, set out for Spain. U'hen they arrived at Montpellier, they learnt that Alonso had already married the Infanta of Castille, upou which they made their complaint to Guillen the Lord of that place, and asked him what they shoidd do. Guillen called his Council, and their advice was that he should marry the Princess whether she liked it or not. It was in vaiu that she and all her retinue protested against this violence, and the inequality of the match, :. the gales were shut, the cit\' up in arms; she was forced to consent, having no power to refuse, and the marriage was celebrated, says Miedes, by the grace of the Holy Ghost ! The Lord of Montpellier was as little bound by the laws of marriage as he had been by those of common honour and hospitaUty; As soon as he was tired of his Greek wife he married another woman. The daughter of the Princess however recovered her inheritance, and was the mother of King Jayme El Conquistador. Hist, del Rey Don Jayme el Conq.por el M. Bernardino Gomez Miedes. L. 1. C. 3. 4. 5- The most curious ?j>ecimen which I have ever seen of barbarous manners towards women occurs in the Mabinogion. It is the adviceof a Welsh INIother to her son, Peredur, the hero of the tale. " Now hear : If by chance thou comest by a church, therechaunt thy pater- nosten When thou seest victuals and drink, to satisfy thy appetite, help thyself thereto. If thou shouldest hear a cry of distress, go and know the cause; but in particular if it is the voice of a female. Should any precious jewel attract thy eyes, take it ; and bestow on others also; thus shalt thou acquire fame. If thou beholdest a beautifnl woman, con- cubinize her, though she seem cot/; thcu wilt be a better man, and thy prosperity will thus be heightened. From Mr, Owen's MS. Translation. And he asked whether, among those things there was aught which had belonged to the person of the Soldan. P. 3]?. (54.) Sir, said the Ambassadors of the Old Man of the Mountain, to King St. Louis, we say to you on the part of our Lord, that as the shirt is the garment which is nearest the body, therefore he sends you his shirt, which you see here, in token that you are the only Prince in the world whom he most desires to love and to serve ; . . and for a farther assurance you see this ring which he sendeth ; it is of pure gold, and his name is graven thereon. With this ring our master weddeth j'ou, in token that henceforth you shall be like the fingers of his hand. Joimille in the Collection XJniterselle des Memoires Pariiculiers relatifs a Thistoire de France. T. 2. P. 60. 430 A garment belonging to h]s own person was one of the presents which Sebastian sent to a BiazilirtU Chief who had dislingulshed himselt in liis service ag.iins: the I'l; iich. f' asconcellos. Clir.de Cuinp. 1j.3.\ 134. Book XI. P. 3-S. (55.) ThePoem, after relating the second marriageof the Cid's daughters, mentions his death and conciuties. It was therefore written belbre the story of his removal from Valencia was invented ; and all the circumstances of that removal aie ceriaiidy fictitious. Valencia was retained five years after his death. Berganza labours to find some truth in the story, . . but the silence of the Poem would be decisive against it, were there no other reasons for disbelief". Perhaps a remarkable part of this fiction was borrowed from the story of Bernardo del Carpio, . . the readers of Romance are better acquainted with the name of this hero than with his history. Bernardo was the only child of a secret marriage, between Count Sandias de Sal- daua, and Ximena, sister to Alfonso the Chaste. As soon as the King discovered the marriage, he put Count Sandias in irons, and imprisoned him in the Tower of Lunia, vovvina that he should never be delivered ; his sister he forced into a convent : . . but he took the child and bred him up, and loved him as if he had been his own son ; and Bernardo knew not who were his parents. Alfonso had formerly requested aid of Charlemagne against the Moors, and having no issue, promised him the succession; but when his nobles understood v\ iiat he had done they advised him to annul the treaty, or they would drive him from his kingdv^m ; for they would rather die than become the slaves of France. He necessarily yielded. Charlemagne was incensed against him^ and threatened him with his utmost vengeance unless he immediately became his vassal. Bernardo, who had been the most zealous to preserve the liberty of his country, obtained assistance from Marsil the Moorish King of Zaragoza ; the French invaded Spain, and the battle of Roncesvalles was fought, in which Charlemagne himself escaped ; all his peerage fell, and Roland, the noblest of all, by Bernardo's hand. Some kinsmen of Sandias let Bernardo know who v,as his father, and how he was imprisoned. As soon as he heard it, the blood in his body turned, and he put on mourn- ino- garments and went to the King, and besought him to release his father. Alfonso refused ; .. many times afterwards, when Bernardo saved him in danger, he promised to grant this request, and as often broke his promises: till at last Bernardo renounced liis allegiance, and being then banished, made war upon Leon. During the two succeeding reigns he is not mentioned. When Alfonso the Great succeeded, he did him good service against the MoOrs, and after every success demanded his father's liberty, which the King, like his Uncle before him, often promised but never would grant. Bernardo at last took 431 arms in despair ; he fortified the Castle of Carpio, from whence his name has been ffivcn him, and leagued with the Moors: many knights also joined him, from the country round Benevente and Toro and Ziimora. Alfonso besieged him in his Castle. Bernardo ever acting more generously tlian experience warranted^ released two Counts whom he had taken prisoner, and required his father in exchange; the reasonable demand was refused ; he sallied, routed the besiegers, and plundered the royal camp. But this war proved so destructive that the men of the land gathered together, and came before the King, and insisted that Count Sandias should be released. He was compelled to yield, and bound himself to deliver him up to Bernardo in exchange for the Castle of Carpio, Bernardo without hesitation gave up his strong hold, . . the King sent to release his father, but the knights who went to the Tower of Lunia to deliver him, found him dead. When Alfonso heard this he commanded them to dress the body in rich garments, and place it on horseback as if it were living, and so bring it to Salamanca. As they drew nigh the city, the king and Bernardo rode out to meet them ; and when Bernardo saw his father approaching, he exclaimed, O God, . . is Count Sandias of Saldaua indeed coming ? . . Look where he is, replied the cruel King, and now go and greet him whom vou have so long desired to see ! Bernardo went forward, and took his father's hand to kiss it; but when he felt the dead weight of the hand, and saw the livid face of the corpse, he cried aloud and said. Ah Don Sandias, in an evil hour didst thou beget me ! ihou art dead, and I have given my strong hold for thee, and now I have lost all. Alfonso immediately banished him, and nothing is related of his after fortune. Cor. Gen. J'. 30. 33. 36.45. Rod. ToL L. 4. C. 9. 10. 15. Bernardo del Carpio is one of the personages whom Ferreras would annihilate, . . which is as unreasonable as it would be to believe all that the ballad-makers have sung concerning him. The main difficulty of his history is obviated if the authority of those chronicles be admitted, which affirm that the French suffered a second defeat in Ronces- valles, under Charles the Bald. I have two heroic poems of which he is the hero. Las Hazanas del invincible Cavallero Sernaldo de Carpio, por August in Alonso, Toledo 1585 ; and Espana DeJ'endida, de Christoval Suarez de Figueroa, Madrid l6l2. Both these are designed as continuations of the Orlando Furioso. There is another poem upon the same subject by Bernardo de Balbuena, which I have never seen, but which after two centuries of neglect is now obtaining a late, and probably therefore a deserved reputation. Balsam. P. 331. (56.) With this balm or balsam, some sort of superstition seems to have been always connected. At Cairo it was said that the trees grew nowhere but in one garden about a league from that city, where was the fountain in which the Virgin had washed the 432 cloaths of her blessed son, and where a lamp was, three centuries ago, kept burning to her honour in the hollow of an old fig tree, which had served them for a place of shelter. Jtenerario de Antonio Tenreiro. C. 42; The Armenian Patriarch pretended to make, or rather increase it, by miracle. An altar was raised in the fields, seven carpets were laid upon it, and on thcin a large vessel was placed, containing many fiovvers. Alter long |)rayers a small quantity of balm from Cairo was given the Patriarch, who pouied it ori the flowers, and put St. Gregory's arm into the vessel, and bega.i praying again. Immediately the whole began to boil up and froth, . . the scum was distributed among the beiiolders, and the Patriarch kept the rest as a treasure. This miracle was never performed by a Patriarch more than once in his life; Teweiro. C. 20. An Arabian superstition concerning it is noticed in T'lalaba. B. 9. Zarate (L. 1. C 4.) had perhaps the story of tiie Cid in his ihougins v\hfn he said of a Peruvian balsam, tiiat if a corpse were anomied witii it, ai»d some of it poured down the throat, the body would never corrupt. The second victory over King Bucar. P. 336. (57.) This second victory is manifestly the first toid over again, as a fit conclusion to such a life. The number of kings who came in Bucar's army will not appear improbable, if it be recollected how vague the title is. Royalets swarm in the barbarous ages of society. Joshua smote one and thirty, . . and if the present Scourge of God goes on multiplying them as he has hitherto done, we may live to see them, in the day of deliverance, hung up by half-dozens all over the Continent, as they were formerly in Caaaaiii The tomb of Dona Ximena. P. 562. (58.) When the French were in Spain during the last war, nothing excited their curiosity till they came to Burgos and heard that Chiniene was buried at Cardena: but then every day pailies were made, who visited her lomo, and spouted over it passage* from Corneille. The reader will not be displeased to see what is known of the companions of the Cid. Alvar Fafiez was made Governor of Toledo, one of the most important posts in the Kingdom: he was killed by the people of Segovia in 1114, but on what occasion 's not related. [Bergunza L. G. l.§32.) His tomb is shown at Cardeila, with those of Pero Bermudez, Alvar Salvadores, Martin Antolinez, and Martin Pelaez the Asturian. Their arms are on the tombs, but they who placed them there did not know that armorial bearings were not used in Spain till after the days of the Cid. "That good Christian" the Bishop Don Hieronymo, was a native of Periguex in France, and after thei abandonment of Valencia was made Bishop of Zamora, and then of Salamanca, 433 where he lies buried in his Cathedral. In l607 his grave was opened, at a time when some repairs were making in (hat part of the church ; his ring was then found having this inscription, Hierouymus Episcopiis Servus Dei Fidelis. A sweet savour proceeded from his remains :.. he is in the odour of sanctity, and the dust from his grave cures agues. The crucifix which he used to carry in battle woriis miracles^ Yepes takes some trouble to persuade us that the Bishop Don Hieronymo carried nothing but this crucifix in battle, and that he only went to assist the soldiers with spiritual weapons; but it is wronging the memory of " that Perfect One with the shaven crown," to deny that he fought with both hands, and added works to his faith. 3 K i I APPENDIX. The following translated extracts from the Poem a del Cid may serve to v'vce an idea of the style of language and metre, and of the species of poetical merit tvhich belongs to the Poem. They have been obligingly covimunicated to me by a Gentleman well acquainted with the Spanish language. I have never seen any other translation which so perfectly reptxsmts the manner^ character, and spirit of its original. S8o Southey (Robert) Chronicles of the Cid, Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar, The Campeador, an appendix containing poetry of The Cid, by J. H. Frere, and map of Spain and Portugal, ist edn, 410, old calf (requires rebacking only to make a col- lector's copy), 1808 6s ARGUMENT. The Cid being driven into banishment by the intrigues of his enemies, is accom- panied by sereral of his friends and followers ; for whom he undertakes to provide by carrying on a predatory "war against the JMoors. In the course of their adven- tures they surprize the Castle of Alcocer, but are soon after surrounded and besieged by a superior army. After some difference of opinion, the Cid yields to the wishes of his followers, and determines upon a sally, which is successful. They fain would sally forth, but he the noble Cid Accounted it as rashness, and constantly forbid. The fourth week was beginning, the third already past, The Cid and his companions they are now agreed at last. " The water is cut oti", the bread is well nigh spent, " To allow us to depart by night the Moors will not consent. " To combat with them in the field our numbers are but few. Mcsnadas de mio Cid exir querien a la batalla. EI que en buen ora nasco finne gelo vedaba. Tobierongela en cerca complidas tres semanas : A cabo de tres semanas la quarta qiierie entrar, Mio Cid con los sos tornos' a acordar : " El agua nos ban vedada, exir nos ha el pan : " Que nos queramos ir de noch, non nos lo consiatran! " Grandes son los poderes por con ellos lidiar: 438 " Gentlemen tell me your minds, what do you think to do?" Minaya Alvar Faiiez answer'd him again, " We are come here from fair Castile to live like banish'd men. " There are here six hundred of us, beside some nine or ten ; " It is by fighting witli the Moors that we have earned our bread, " In the name of God that made us, let nothing more be said, " Let us sally forth upon them by the dawn of day." The Cid replied, " Minaya, I approve of Avhat you say, " You have spoken for the best, and had done so without doubt." The Moors that were within the town they took and turn'd. them out. That none should know their secret ; they labour'd all that night, The}^ were ready for the combat with the morning light. The Cid was in his armour mounted at their head, He spoke aloud amongst them, you shall hear the words he said : " We must all sally forth ! There can not a man be spar'd, " Two footmen only at the gates to close them and keep guard ; " Decidme cavalleros como vos place de far ?" Primero fablo Mina3'a, un cavallero de prestar: " De Castiella la gentil exidos somos aca, " Si con Moros non lidiaiemos, non nos daian del pan : " Bien somos nos seiscientoSj algunos hay de mas. " En el nombre del Criador que non pase por al : " Vayamos los ferir en aquel dia de eras." Dixo el Campeador, " a mi guisa fablastes : " Ondrastes vos Minaya, ca aun vos lo yedes de far." Todos los Moros e las Moras de fuera los manda echar. Que non sopiese ninguno esta su poridad. El dia c la noche piensanse de adovar. Otro dia mafiana el sol querie apuatar. Armado es el Mio Cid con quantos que el ha: Eablaba Mio Cid como odredes contar : " Todos iscamos fucra, que nadi non raste, " Sinon dos peones solos por la puerta guardar. 459 " If we are slain in battle they will bury us here in peace, " If we survive and conquer, our riches will increase. " And you, Pero Bi^rniuez, the standard you must bear, " Advance it like a valiant man, evenly and fair ; " But do not venture forward before I give command." Bermuez took the standard, he went and kist his hand. The gates were then thrown open, and forth at once they rusli'd, The outposts of the Moorish host back to the camp were push'd ; The camp was all in tumult, and there was such a thunder Of cymbals and of drums, as if earth would cleave in sunder. There you might see the JMoors arming themselves in haste, And the two main battles how they were forming fast ; Horsemen and footmen mixt, a countless troop and vast. The Moors are moving forward, the battle soon must join, " My men stand here in order, rang'd vipon a line ! " Si nos muiieremos en campo, en castiello nos enteiraian ; " Si vencieremos la batalla, crezremos en lictad. " E vos, Pero Bermuez, la mi seiia tomad : " Como sodes muy bueuo, tenerla liedes sin arch : " Mas non aguigedes con elia, si yo non vos lo mandar." Al Cid beso la mano, la seiia va tomar. Abrieron las puertas, fuera un salto dan. Vieronio las axobdas de los Moros, al almofalla se van tornar. Que priesa va en los Moros, e tornaronse a armar. Ante roydo de atamores la tierra querie quebrar : Veriedes armarse Moros, apriesa entrar en haz : De parte de los Moros dos sefias ha cabdales : E ficieron dos haces de peones mezclados ; qui los podrie contar ? Las Haces de los Moros yas' mueven adelant. Pora mio Cid e a los sos a manos los tomar : Quedas sed, mesnadas, aqui en esle logar 440 " Let not a man move from his rank before I give the sign." Pero Bermuez heard the word, but he could not refrain. He held the banner in his hand, he gave his horse the rein ; " You see yon foremost squadron there, the thickest of the foes, " Noble Cid, God be your aid, for there your banner goes! " Let him that serves and honours it shew the duty that he owes. Earnestly the Cid call'd out, ' For heaven's sake be still !' Bermuez cried, ' I cannot hold,' so eager was his will. He spurr'd his horse, and drove him ou amid the Moorish rout ; They strove to Avin the banner, and com past him about. Had not his armour been so true he had lost either life or limb ; The Cid called out again, ' For heaven's sake succour him !' Their shields before their breasts, forth at once they go. Their lances in the rest levell'd fair and low ; Their banners and tlieir crests Avaving in a row. Their heads all stooping down toward the saddle bow. " Non desrranche ninguno fata que yo lo rnand." Aquel Pero Bermuez non lo pudo endurar : La sena tiene en mano, conpezo de espolonar: " El Criador vos vala, Cid Campeador leal : " Vo meter la vuestra seiia en aquela mayor haz. " Los que el debdo avedes veremos como la acorredes," Dixo el Campeador, " non sea, por caridad !" Respuso Pero Bermuez, " non rastara por al :" Espolono el cavallo, e metiol' en el mayor haz : Moros le reciben per la sena ganar : Danle grandes colpes, mas nol' pueden falsar. Dixo el Campeador, " valelde por caridad !" Embrazan los escudos delant los corazones : Abaxan las lanzas apuestas de los pendones : Enclinaron las caras desuso de los arzones : 441 The Cicl was in the midst, his shout was heard afor, " I am Rui Diaz, the Champion of Bivar ; " Strike amongst them, gentlemen, for sweet mercies sake !" There where Eermucz fought amidst the foe they brake, Three hundred banner'd knights, it was a gallant show : Three hundred Moors they kill'd, a man witli every blow ; When they wheel'd and turn'd, as many more lay slain, You might see them raise their lances and level them again. There you might see the breastplates, how they were cleft in twain, And many a IVIoorish shield lie shatter'd on the ])lain. The pennons that were white mark'd with a crimson stain. The horses running wild whose riders had been slain. The Christians call upon St. James, the Moors upon INlahound, There were thirteen hundred of them slain on a little spot of ground. Minaya Alvar Fanez smote with all his might. He went as he was Avont, and Avas foremost in the fio-ht.. Ybanlos ferir de fuertes corazones : A grandes voces lama el que en buen ora nasco ; " Feridlos caballeros por amor de caridad ; " Yo so Ruy Diaz el Cid Campeador de Bibar." Todos fieren en el haz do esta Pero Bermuez. Trescientas lanzas son, todas tlenen pendones : Sennos Moros matarotij todos de sennos colpes : A la tornada que facen otros tantos son. Veriedes tantas lanzas premer e alzar : Tanta adarga a foradar e pasar ; Tanta loriga falsa desmanchar ; Tantos pendones blancos salir bermeios en sangre ; Tantos buenos cavallos sin sos duenos andar. Los Moros laman Mafomat : los Chiistianos Sanctiague. Cayen en un poco de logar Moros muertos mill h tiecientos ya. Que lidia bien sobre exorado arzon, 3 L 442 There was Galiii Garcia, of courage firm and clear, Felez Munioz, the Cid's own Cousin dear ; AntoUnez of Burgos, a hardy knight and keen, Munio Gustioz, his pupil that had been. The Cid on his gilded saddle above them all was seen. There was Martin Munioz, that rul'd in Montmayor, There Avere Alvar Fanez and Alvar Salvador : These were the followers of the Cid, with many others more, In rescue of Bermuez and the standard that he bore. Minaya is dismounted, his courser has been slain. He fights upon his feet, and smites with might and main. The Cid came all in haste to help him to horse again ; He saw a Moor Avell mounted, thereof he was full fain. Mio Cid Ruy Diaz el buen lidiador. Minaya Alvar Fanez que corta mando ; Martin Antolinez el Burgales de pro ; Muiio Gustioz que fue so criado ; Martin Muiioz el que mando a Mont' mayor ; Alvar Fanez h Alvar Salvadores ; Galin Garcia el bueno de Aragon ; Felez Munoz so sobrino del Campeador; Desi adelante quantos que y son, Acorren la seiia h a mio Cid el Campeador. A Minaya Alvar Fanez mataronle el cavallo ; Bien lo acorren mesnadas de Christianos ; La lanza ha quebrada, al espada metio mano. Mager de pie buenos colpes va dando ; Violo mio Cid Ruy Diaz el Castellano ; Acostos' a un Alguacil que tenie buen cavallo, Diol' tal espadada con el so diestro brazo. 443 Thro' the girdle at a stroke he cast him to the plain : He called to Minaya Fanez and reach'd him out the rein, " ]\Iount and ride Minaya, you are my right hand, " We shall have need of you to day, these Moors will not disband !' Minaya lept upon the horse, his sword was in his hand. Nothing that came near him could resist him or withstand ; All that fall within his reach he dispatches as he goes. The Cid rode to King Fariz, and struck at him three blows ; The third was far the best, it forc'd the blood to flow : The stream ran from his side, and stain'd his arms below ; The King caught round the rein and turn'd his back to go. The Cid has won the battle with that single blow. Coitol' por la cintura, el medio echo en campo : A Minaya Alvar Fanez ybal' dar el cavallo, " Cavalgad, Minaya, vos sodes el mio diestro braze; " Oy en este dia de vos abre grand vando : " Firmes son los Moros, aun nos' van del campo." Cavaigo Minaya, el espada en la mano ; Por estas fuerzas fuerte mientre lidiando;^ A los que alcanza valos delibrando. Mio Cid Ruy Diaz el que en buen ora nasco, Al Rey Fariz tres colpes le avie dado ; Los dos le fallen, h el imol' ha tornado ; Por la loriga ayuso la sangre destellando. Volvio la rienda por yrsele del campo ; Por aquel colpe rancado es el fonsado. ARGUMENT. After various successes of inferior importance, the Cid undertakes and atchieves the conquest of the City and Kingdom of Valencia, where he establishes himself in a species of sovereign authority. In the mean time he obtains the favour of the Kino-: this favour however is accompanied by a inquest on the pai't uf the King that the Cid should bestow his two daughters in marriage upon the Infants of Carrion, whose Jannly loere his old adversat^es ; the Cid in reply consents to place his daughters " at the disposition of the King." The wedding is celebrated at Valentia with the greatest possible splendor, and the two young Counts remain at Valentia ivith their father -in-law: their situation however is an invidious one ; some occasions arise in which their courage appears doubtful, and the prudence and authority of the Cid are found insufflciejit to suppress the contemptuous mirth of his militai-y court. Accordingly they enter itito the resokition of leaving Va- lentia, but determining at the same time to execute a project of the basest and most unmanly revenge, they request of the Cid to be alloxved to take their brides with them upon a journey to Carrion, under pretence of making them acqtiainted with the property which had been settled upon them at their marriage. The Cid is axcare that their situation is an uneasy one ; he readily consents, takes leave of them icith great cordiality, loads them with presents, and at their departure bestows upon them the two celebrated sxvords Colada and Tison. The Injants pur- sue their journey till they arrive in a wilderness, where they dismiss their followers, and being left alone with their brides, proceed to execute their scheme of vengeance by stripping them and " mangling them with spurs and thongs," till they leave them zcithout signs of life : in this state they are found by a relation of the Cid's, Felez Munios, ivho suspecting some evil design had folloxced them at a distance. They are brought back to Valentia. The Cid demands justice. The King assembles the Cortes upon the occasion. The Cid being called upon to state his grievances, con- fines himself to the claim of the two swords ichich he had given to his sons-in-laxv, and which he now demands back since they have forfeited that character. The swords are restored without hesitatioii, and the Cid immediately bestows them upon two of his champions. He then rises again, and upon the same plea requires the restitution of the gifts and treasures with which he had honoured his sons-in-laxi' at parting. This claim is resisted by his opponents : the Cortes horcever decide in favour cf the Cid, and as the Infants plead their immediate inability, it is determined that the property xvhich they have with them shall be taken at an appraisement. This is accordingly done. The Cid then rises a third time, and demands satisfaction for the insult which his daughters had suffered : an altercation arises, in the course of which the Infants of Carrion and one of their partizans are challenged by three cham- pions on the part of the Cid. 445 Within a little space There was many a noble courser brought into the place, Many a lusty mule with palfreys stout and sure, And many a goodly sword with all its furniture. The Cid receiv'd them all at an appraisement made, Besides two hundred marks that to the King were paid : The Infants give up all they have, their goods are at an end, They go about in haste to their kindred and their friend ; They borrow as they can, but all will scarce suffice ; The attendants of the Cid take each thing at a price : But as soon as this was ended, he began a new device. " Justice and mercy, my Lord the King, I beseech you of your grace ! " I have yet a grievance left behind, which nothing can efface. Veriedes aducir tanto cavallo corredor, Tanta gruesa mula, tan to palafre de sazon, Tanta buena espada con toda guarnizon. Recibiulo Mio Cid como apreciaron en la cort; Sobre los docientos marcos que tenie el Rey Alfonso, Pagaron los Infantes al que en buen ora ntisco. Enprestanles do lo agono, que non les cumple lo suyo. Mai escapan, iogados, sabet desta razon. Estas apreciaduras Mio Cid presas las ha. Sos omes las tienen e dellas pensar^n. Mas quando esto oso acabado, pensaron luego d' al. " Merced ay, Rey e Senor, por amor de caridad. " La rencura maior aou se me puede olvidar. 446 " Let all men present in the court attend and judge the case, " Listen to what these Counts have done and pity my disgrace^ " Dishonour'd as I am, I can not be so base, " But here before I leave them, to defy them to their face. " Say Infants, how had I deserv'd, in earnest or in jest, " Or on Avhatever plea you can defend it best, " That you should rend and tear the heartstrings from my breast ? " I gave you at Valentia my daughters in your hand, " I gave you wealth and honours, and treasure at command ; " Had you been weary of them,, to cover your neglect ; " You might have left them with me, in honour and respect. " Why did you take them from me, Dogs and Traitors as you were ? " In the forest of Corpes, Avhy did you strip them there, «' Why did you mangle them with whips, why did you leave them bare " To the vultures and the wolves, and to the wintry air .'' " The court will hear your answer, and judge Avhat you have done. " I say, your name and honour henceforth is lost and gone." " Oydme toda la cort, e pesevos de raio mal. " De los Infaates de Carrion quem' desondraron tan ma\,. " A inenos de riebtos no los puedo dexar. " Decid que vos mereci Infantes en juego 6 en vero : " O en alguna razon aqui lo meiorare a juuicio de la cort, " A quem' descubriestes las telas del corazon ? "■ A la salida de Valencia mis fijas vos di yo, " Con muy grand ondra fe haberes a nombre. " Quando las non queriedes ya canes traydores, " Por que las sacabades de Valencia sus onores? " A que las flriestes a cinchas ^ a espolones ? " Solas las dexastes en el Robredo de Corpes " A las bestias fieras h a las aves del mont. " Por quanto les ficiestes menos valedes vos. " Sinon recudedes vealo esta cort." 447 The Count Don Garcia was the first to rise: " Me crave your favour my Lord the King, you are always just and wise ; " The Cid is come to your Court in such an uncouth guise, " He has left his beard to grow and tied it in a braid, " We are half of us astonish'd, the other half afraid. " The blood of the Counts of Carrion is of too hioh a line " To take a daughter from his house though it were for a concubine. " A concubine or a leman from the lineao;e of the Cid, " They could have done no other than leave them as they did : " We neither care for what he says nor fear what he may threat." AVith that the noble Cid rose up from his seat : He took his beard in his hand, " If this beard is fair and even, " I must thank the Lord above, who made both earth and heaven ; " It has been cherished Avith respect and therefore it has thriven : " It never suffered an affront since the day it first was worn. " What business. Count, have you to speak of it with scorn .'' El Conde Don Garcia en pie se levantaba ; " Merced ya, Rev, el meior de toda Espaiia. " Vezos Mio Cid alias cortes pregonadas ; " Dexola crecer e luenaja trae la barba. " Los unos le ban miedo e los otros espanta. " Los de Carrion son de natural tal, " Non geias debien querer sus fijas por barraganas ; " O quien gelas diera por parelas 6 por veladas. " Derecbo ficieron porque las ban dexadas. " Quanto el dice non gelo preciamos nada." Esora el Campeador prisos' a la barba ; " Grado a Dios que Cielo e tierra manda, " Por eso es luenga que a. delicio fue criada. " Que habedes vos, Conde, por retraer la mi barba ? 448 " It never yet was shaken, nor pluck'd away nor torn, " By Christian nor by Moor, nor by man of woman born, •' As yonrs was once. Sir Count, tlie day Cabra was taken; " When I was master of Cabra that beard of yours was shaken, " There was never a footboy in my camp but twitch'd away a bit " The side that I tore off grows all uneven yet/' Ferran Gonzales started upon the floor, He cried with a loud voice, " Cid, let us hear no more^ " Your claim for goods and money was satisfied before : " Let not a feud arise betwixt our friends and you, *' We are the Counts of Carrion, from them our birth we drew. " Daughters of Emperors or Kings were a match for our degree, " We hold ourselves too good for a baron's such as thee. " Ca de quando nasco a delicio fue criada ;. " Ca non me priso a ella fijo de mugier nada, " Nimbla meso fijo de Moro nin de Christiano^ " Como 3'o a vos,Conde, en el Castiello de Cabra, " Quando piis' a Cabra, ^ a vos per la barba, " Non y ovo rapaz que non meso su pulgada ; " La que yo mese aun non es eguada." Ferran Gonzales en pie se levanto; A altas voces ondredes * que fablo. " Dexasedes vos, Cid, de aquesta razon ^ ^' De vuestros haberes de todos pagados sodes. " Non crecies' baraia entre vos e nos. " De natura somos de Condes de Carrion ; " Debiemos casar con fijas de Reyes 6 de Emperadores j " Ca non pertenecien fijas de Infanzones. * probably ondredes. 449 " If we abandon'd as you say, and left and gave them o'er, " ^^e vouch that we did right, and prize ourselves the more." The Cid looked at Bermuez, that was sitting at his foot, " Speak thou, Peter the Dumb, Avhat ails thee to sit mute? " My daughters and thy nieces are the parties in dispute. " Stand forth and make reply, if you would do them right. " If I should rise to speak, you cannot hope to fight." Peter Bermuez rose, somewhat he had to say. The words were strangled in his throat, they could not find their way ; Till forth they came at once, without a stop or stay. " Cid, I'll tell you what, this always is your way, " You have always serv'd me thus, whenever we have come " To meet here in the Cortes, you call me Peter the Dumb. " I cannot help my nature ; I never talk nor rail ; " But when a thing is to be done, you know I never fail. " Fernando, you have lied, you have lied in every word : " You have been honour'd by the Cid, and favour'd and prefer'd. " Porque las clcxamos ; derecho ficiemos nos ; " Mas nos preciamos, sabet, que menos no." Mio Cid Riiy Tiaz a Pero Bermuez cata ; " Fabla^ Pero Mudo, varon que tanto callas ; " Hyo las he fijas, e tu priinas cormanas, " A mi 1q dicen, a ti dan las oreiadas. " Si yo vespondier', tu non entraras en armas." Pero Bermnez conpezu de fablar : Detienes'le la lengua, non puede dclibrar, Mas quando enpiezaj sabed, nol' da vagar. " Direvos, Cid, costumbres babedcs tales ; "■ Siempre en las cortes, Pero Mudo me lamades. " Bien lo sabedes que yo non puedo mas ; " Por lo que yo ovier' a fer por mi non mancara. " Mientes Terrando de quanto dicho has : " Por el Campeador mucho valiest.es mas. 3 M 450 " I know of all your tricks, and can tell them to your face : '' Do you remember in Valentia the skirmish and the chase? " You asked leave of the Cid, to make the first attack : *' You went to meet a Moor, but you soon came running back. " I met the Moor and kill'd him, or he would have kill'd you ; " I gave you up his arms, and all that -was my due. " Up to this very hour I never said a word. " You prais'd yourself before the Cid, and I stood by and heard, " How you had kill'd the Moor, and done a valiant act, " And they believ'd you all, but they never knew the fact. " You are tall enough and handsome, but cowardly and weak. " Thou tongue without a hand, how can you dare to speak .-^ " There's the story of the lion should never be forgot : " Now let us hear, Fernando, what answer have you got ? " The Cid was sleeping in his chair, with all his knights around, " The cry went forth along the Hall, That the lion was unbound,- " Las fas mnfias yo te las sabre contar; " Mieinbrat' quando lidiamos cerca Valencia la grand, " Pedist' las feridas primeras al Cauipeador leal : " Vist' uii Moroj fustel' ensaiur; antes Cugiste que al tc alegases. " Si 3'o non uvjas' el Moro te jugara mal, " Pase por ti con el Moro nie off dc aiuntar : " Dc Ids primeros colpes ofle dc arrancar ; " Did el cavallo, tobeldo en poridad : " Fasta este dia no lo descubri a nadi. " Delant' Mio Cid, e delante todos ovistete de alabar, " Que maiaras el Moro 6 que ficieras barnax. " Crovierontelo todos, mas non saben la verdad. " £ eras fermoso, mas mal barragan. " Lengua sin manos^ cuemo osas fablar ? " Di Ferrando, otorga esta razon ; " Non te viene en miente en Valencia lo del Leon, " Quando durmie Mio Cid e el Leon se desaluf 451 " What did you do, Fernando ? like a coward as you were, " You slunk behind the Cid, and crouch'd beneath his chair. " AVe prest around the throne, to shield our Lord from harm, *' Till the good Cid awoke ; he rose without alarm ; " He went to meet the Lion, with his mantle on his arm ; " The Lion Avas abash'd the noble Cid to meet, *' He bow'd his mane to the earth, his muzzle at his feet. " The Cid by the neck and mane drew him to his den, " He thrust him in at the hatch, and came to the hall again : " He found his knights, his vassals, and all his valiant men ; *' He ask'd for his sons-in-law, they were neither of them there. " I defy you for a coward and a traitor as you are ; " For the daughters of the Cid you have done them great unriglit, " Li the wrong that they have suffcr'd, you stand dishonour'd quite. " Although they are but Avomen, and each of you a knight, " I hold them worthier far, o and here my word I plight. " E tu Ferrando que ficist' con el pavor ? " Metistet' tras el cscafio, de Mio Cid el Campeador, " Metistet' Ferrando, poro menos vales hoy. " Nos cercamos el escaiio por curiar nuestro Sefior, " Fasta do despert6 INlio Cid el que Valencia gano. " Levantos' del escano e fues' poral Leon : " El Leon prcmio la cabeza, a Mio Cid espero, " Dexos' le prcnder al cuello, e a la red le inetio. " Quando se torno el buen Campeador " A SOS vasallos, violos aderredor. " Demando por sus Yernos, ninguno non fallo. " Iiiebtot' el cuerpo por uialo e por traj-dor. " Eslot' lidiare aqui antel Rey Don Alfonso " Por fijas del Cid Don' Elvira e Dona Sol. " Por quanto las dexastes menos valedes vos. " Ellas son mugieres, e vos sodes varones ; 452 " Before the King Alfonso upon this plea to fight; " If it be God his will, before the battle part, " Thou shalt avow it with thy mouth, like a traitor as thou art. Uprose Diego Gonzalez and answer'd as he stood : " ]jy our lineage we are Counts, and of the purest blood ; " This match was too unequal, it never could hold good ; " For the daughters of the Cid we acknowledge no regret, " We leave them to lament the chastisement they met. " Tt will follow them through life for a scandal and a jest : " I stand upon this plea to combat with the best, " That having left them as we did, our honour is increast." Uprose Martin Antolinez Avhen Diego ceast : " Peace, thou lying mouth! thou traitor coward, Peace ! " The story of the lion should have taught you shame at least : " You rush'd out at the door, and ran away so hard, 1 " En todas guisas mas valen que vos. " Quando fuere la lid, si ploguiere ul Criador, " Tu lo otorgaras aguisa de tra3dor. " De qiianto lie dicho verdadero sere yo." De aqueslos aiiios aqui quedo la razoii. Diego Gonzalez odredes lo que dixo : '' De nalura soinos de los Condes mas limpios. " Estos casamientos non fueseii aparecidos " Por consograr con Mio Cid Don Rodiigo. " Porque dexamos sus fijas aun no nos repentimos. " Mientia que vivan pueden liaber sospiros. " Lo ([ue les ficiemos series ha retraido ; esto lidiare a tod' el mas ardido, " Que porque las dexamos ondrados somos nos." Martin Antolinez en pie se levantaba ; " Cala, alevoso, boca sin verdad. " Lo del Leon non se te debe olvidar; " Saliste por la paertaj metistel' al corral ; 453 " You fell into tlie cispool that was open in the yard. " We dragg'cl you forth in all mens sight, dripping from the drain ; " For shame, never wear a mantle, nor a knightly robe again! " I fight upon this plea without more ado, " The daughters of the Cid are worthier far than you. " Before the combat part you shall avow it true, " And that you have been a traitor and a coward too." Thus was ended the parley and challenge betwixt these two. Assur Gonzalez Avas entering at the door AVith his ennine mantle trailing along the floor. AVith his sauntering pace and his hardy look. Of manners or of courtesy, little heed he took : He was flush'd and hot with breakfast and Avith drink. " What ho, my masters, your spirits seem to sink ! " Have we no news stimng from the Cid Ruy Diaz of Bivar? " Has he been to Riodivirna to besiege the Windmills there ? " Fusted meter tras la viga lagar •, " Mas non veslid' el maiito nin el brial : " Hyo lo lidiare, non pasara por al. " Fijas del Cid por que las vos dexastes ? " Ea todas guisas, sabet, que mas vaien que vos. " Al partir de la lid por tu boca lo diras, " Que eras traydor e mentisie de quanto dicho has." Destos amos la razon finco. Asur Gonzalez entraba por el Palacio ; Manto armini e un brial rastraudo ; Bermeio vien ', ca era almorzado. En lo que tublo avie poco recabdo. " Hya varones quien vio nunca tal mal ? " Quien nos daiie nueva? de Mio Cid el de Bibar ? " Fues' a Riodouirna los molinos picar. 454 " Does he tax the Millers for their toll, or is that practice past ? ♦' A\^ill he make a match for his daughters, another like the last ?" Munio Gustioz rose and made reply: " Traitor! wilt thou never cease to slander and to lie ? *' You breakfast before mass, you drink before you pray ; " There is no honour in your heart, nor truth in what you say ; " You cheat your comrade and your liOrd, you flatter to betray " Your hatred I despise, your friendship I dety. " False to all mankind, and most to God on high, " I shall force you to confess that what I say is true." Thus was ended the parley and challenge betwixt these two. " E prender maquilas como lo suele far' : " Quil' darie con los de Carrion a casar' ?" Esora Muno Gustioz en pie se levanto: " Cala, alevoso, mulo e traydor, " Antes almuerzas que bayas a oracion ; " A los que das paz, fartaslos aderredor. " Non dices verdad amigo ni a Senor, " Falso il todos e mas al Criador. " En tu auiistad non qiiiero aver racion. " Facertelo decir que tal eres qual digo yo." 4 ARGUMENT. The King suppresses all further altercation, and declares that those only zt'ho have already challenged shall be permitted tojight. The time and place are Jixed. The Cid being obliged to return to Valentia, leaves his champions under the protec' tion of the King. The Cid takes leave of the King. At the end of three weeks the combat is fought, and the three champions of the Cid are victorious. 457 ****#####:jf^ # * " I crave your favor, my Lord the King, since tilings are settled so ; " I have business at Valentia, and thither I must po. *' Before the town was conquer'd it cost me pains enow/' The King lift up his hand, made a cross upon his brow : " I swear by St. Isidro, the patron of Leon, " In all my realm beside there is not such a good baron." The Cid leapt on his steed and rode him round the course. He came up to the King and proffer'd him the horse — " 'Tis the noble Babieca that is fam'd for speed and force, " Among the Christians nor the Moors there is not such another one, " My Sovereign Lord and Sire he is fit for you alone : " Give orders to your people, and take him for your own." The King replied, " It cannot be ; Cid, you shall keep your horse, " He must not leave liis master, nor change him for a worse; " Merced vos pido, Rey, por amor del Criador. " Quando todas estas nuevas asi puestas son, " Beso vuestras manos con vuestra gracia, Sefior ; " E yrme quiero pora Valencia, con afan la gaue yo." El Rey alzo la mano, la cara se sanctiguo. " Hyo lo juro par Sant Isidro el de Leon, " Que en todas nuestras tierras non ha tan buen varon." Mio Cid en el cavallo adelaut' se lego ; Tue besar la mano a so Senor Alfonso. "■ Mandastesme mover a Babieca el corredor ; " En Moros ni en Christianos otro tal non lia hoy. " Hy vos le do en don, mandedesle tomar, Senor." Esora dixo el Rey, '' desto non he sabor ; " Si a vos le tollies', el cavallo non abrie tan buen Senor. 3 N 458 " Our kingdom has been honour'd by you and by your steed, " The man that would take him from you, evil may he speed. " A courser such as he is fit for such a knight, " To beat down Moors in battle, and follow them in flight." Now they have taken leave, and broken up the Court, The Cid goes with his champions to advise them and exhort : " You Martin Antolinez, and Pero Bermuez you, " And you Munio Gustioz, be valiant men and true : " When I am gone to Valentia let me have good tidings there." Martin Antolinez replied, " Sir what needs this care ? " We are pledg'd in your behalf, we must do our best endeavour ; " You may hear that we are dead, but defeated never." The Cid was Joyful at the words, and quitted them anon. He has taken leave of all his friends, and shortly he is gone. The Cid goes to Valentia, the King to Carrion. " Mas atal cavallo cum est' por atal como vos, " Pora arrancar Moros del campo h ser segudador " Quien vos lo toller quisiere nol' vala el Ciiador : " Ca por vos e por el cavallo ondrados somos nos." Esora se espidieron, e luegos' partio la cort. El Campeador a los que haa lidiar tan bien los castigo, " Hya Martin Antolinez e vos Pero Bermuez, " E Muno Gustioz, firmes sed en campo a guisa de varones. " Buenos mandados me vayan a. Valencia de vos." Dixo Martin Antolinez, " por que lo decides Seiior ? " Preso habemos el debdo, e a pasar es por nos. " Podedes oir de muertos, ca de vencidos non.' Alegre fue de aquesto el que en buen era nascio. Espidios' de todos los que sos amigos son ; Mio Cid pora Valencia, h el Rey pora Carrion. 459 Three weeks had been appointed, and now they are past away, The champions of tl>e Cid are ready at the day : They are ready in the field to defend their master's right, The noble King is with them, to protect them with his might. They waited in the place for two days and a night. Behold the Lords of Carrion where they appear in sight : They arc coming with an host of their kindred and their clan, With horses and with arms, and many a valiant man ; If they could meet with them apart, or take them unaware. In dishonor of the Cid to have slain his champions there. The thought was foul and evil, but yet they did not dare, T^or fear of the King Alfonso that had them in his care. That night they watch'd their arms and past the hours in prayer ; The night is past and over, the day begins to break, Great was the throng of folk who, for that battle's sake, Flock'd in on every side, assembled for the fight. And many a man of arms and many a wealthy knight. Mas tres semanas de plazo todas complidas son. Felos al plazo los del Campeador; Cumplir quieren el debdo que les mando so Sefior. Ellos son en poder del Rey Don Alfonso el de Leon. Dos dias atendieron a Infantes de Carrion. Mucho vienen bien adobados de cavallos e de guarnizones ; E todos sus parientes con ellos son. Que si los pudiesen apartar a los del Campeador Que los matasen en campo por desondra de so Senor : El cometer fue malo, que lo al nos' enpezo, Ca grand miedo ovieron a Alfonso el de Leon. De noche velaron las armas e rogaron al Criador. Trocida es la noche, ya quiebran los albores. Muchos se aiuntaron de buenos ricos omes Por ver esta lid, ca habien ende sabor. 460 There is the King Alfonso with all his power and might, To keep down force and wrong, and to defend the right. The champions of the Cid are all of good accord, They are arming themselves together, like vassals of one Lord. The Infants of Carrion are arming themselves apart, Count Garcia sits advising them, and keeps them in good heart. They bring a plea before the King, and they pretend a right, That those two trenchant swords should not be us'd in light. The swords Colada and Tizon, which the Cid's champions wore ; They repent of their imprudence when they gave them up before. They were earnest in their plea, but they could not succeed ; " You might have kept them for yourselves to serve you in your need " If you have other good ones make use of them instead. " Infants of Carrion ! Hear me and take heed : " You must approve your honor by some manly deed. " Go forth into the field, and shew a valiant heart, " For nothing will be wanting upon the Champions part. Demas sobre todos y es el Rey Don Alfonso Por queier el derecho e non consentir el tuerto. Hyas' metian en armas los del buen Campeador : Todos tres se acueidan, ca son de un Seiior, En otro lugar se aruian los Infantes de Carrion ; Sedielos castigando el Conde Garci Ordonez. Andidieron en pleyto, dixieronlo al Rey Alfonso, Que non fuesen en la batalla las espadas taiadores Colada e Tizon, que non lidiasen con elias los del Campeador. Mucho eran repentidos los Infantes por quanto dadas son. Dixierongelo al Rey, mas non gelo conloyo. Non sacaste ninguna quando oviemos la cort. Si buenas las tenedes, pro habran a vos ; Otrosi faran a los del Campeador. Lebad fe salid al campo, Infantes de Carrion ; Huebos vos es que lidiedes a giiisa de varones ; Que nada non in ancara por los de Campeador. 461 *' If you are conquerors in the fight 3'ou will purchase great renown, " If you are beaten and disgrac'd, the fault will be your own, " For this business Avas your seeking, as has been seen and shown/' The Infants of Carrion are beginning to repent ; The Lordship of Carrion with its honors and its rent, Its mansion and its lands, they would have given all, Could they command the past to redeem it and recall. The Champions of the Cid, clad in their warlike Aveed, The King is gone to see them and wish them well to speed. " Sir we kiss your hands as our good Lord and Sire, *' To have you judge and umpire is all that we require. " Defend us in all right, assist us not in wrong ; " The friends of the Lords of Carrion are numerous and strong, *' We cannot guess their counsels, nor how they will behave. " To the good Cid our master the promise that 3'ou gave, *' To defend us and protect us, this, Sir, is all we crave, " Si del campo Lien salides, grand ondra liabicdcs vos, " E si fueres vencidos non rebtedes a nos, *' Ca todos lo saben que los buscastes vos." Hya se van repintiendo Infantes de Carrion, De lo que avien fecho mucho repisos son. No lo querrien aver fecho por quanto ha en Carrion. Todos tres son armados los del Campeador. Hybalos ver el Rey Don Alfonso. Dixieron los del Campeador, " Besamosvos las nianos como a Rey e a Seiior, " Que fiel seades hoy dellos e de nos : " A derecho nos valed, a ningun tuerto no. " Aqui tienen su vando los Infantes de Carrion, " Non sabemos ques' comidran ellos o que non. " En vuestra mano nos metio nuestro Senor; " Tenendos a derecho por amor del Criador." 462 " So long as right and justice are found upon our part." " Tliat will I," said the King, " with all my soul and heart." Their horses are brought up to them, coursers strong and fleet. They sign their saddles with the cross, and leap into the seat ; Their shields are hanging at their necks with bosses broad and sheen. They take their lances in their hands, the points are bright and keen^ A pennon at each lance, the staves were large and stout, And many a valiant man encompass'd them about. They rode forth to the field where the barriers were set out. The Champions of the Cid are agreed upon their plan. To fight as they had challeng'd, and each to charge his man. There come the Lords of Carrion with their kindred and their clan ; The King has appointed Heralds for avoiding all debate, He spoke aloud amongst them in the field there where they sate. " Infants of Carrion ! Attend to what I say : " You should have fought this battle upon a former day. " Esora,"' dixo el Rey, " d'alina e cle corazon." Aducenles los cavallos buenos ^ corredores ; Sanctiguaron las sielas e cabalgan a vigor ; Los escudos a los cuellos que bien blocados son ; En mano prenden las astas de los fienos taiadores ; Estas ties lanzas traen senos pendones, E derredor dellos muchos buenos varones. Hya salieron al campo do eran los moiones. Todos tres son acordados los del Cainpeador, Que cada uno dellos bien fos' ferir el so. Fevos de la otra part' los Infantes de Carrion, Muy bien acompanados ca muchos parientes son. El Rey dioles Fieles per decir el derecho ^ al non, Que non barajen con ellos de si 6 de non. Do sedien en el campo fablo el Rey Don Alfonso, " 0yd que vos digo, Infantes de Carrion ; 463 " When we were at Toledo, but 3'ou would not agree ; " And now the noble Cid has sent these champions three, " To fight in the lands of Carrion, escorted here by me. " Be valiant in your right, attempt no force or wrong ; " If any man attempt it he shall not triumph long, " He never shall have rest or peace within my kingdom more." The Infants of Carrion are now repenting sore ; The Heralds and the King are foremost in the place, They clear away the people from the middle space : They measure out the lists, the barriers they fix : They point them out in order, and explain to all the six : " If you are forc'd beyond the line where they are fixt and trac'd. " You shall be held as conquer'd, and beaten and disgrac'd." Six lances length on either side an open space is laid. They share the field between them, the sunshine and the shade. Their office is perform'd, and from the middle space. The heralds are withdi awn, and leave them face to face. " Esta lid en Toledo la ficierades, mas noii quisiestes vos ; " Estos ties cavalleros de mio Cid el Cainpeador, " H^'o los aduj' a salvo a tierras de Carrion. " Habed vuestio derecho, tuerto non querades vos ; " Ca qui tuerto quisiere fazer, mal gelo vedare yo; " En lodo mio regno non habra buen sabor." Hya les va pesando a los Infantes de Carrion. Los Fieles h. el Rey ensenaron los moiones. Librabanse del campo todos aderredor ; Bien gelo demostraron a todos seis como soDj Que por y serie vencido qui saliese del moion. Todas las yentes esconbraron aderredor De seis astas de lanzas que non legasen al moion. Sorteabanies el campo, ya les partien el sol ; Salien los Fieles de medio ellos, cara por cara son. 464 Here stood the warriors of the Cid, that noble champion, Opposite on the other side, the Lords of Carrion. Earnestly their minds are fixt each upon his foe ; Face to face they take their place, anon the trumpets bloAv. They stir their horses with the spur, they lay their lances low, They bend their shields before their breasts, their face to the saddle bow» Earnestly their minds are fixt each upon his foe. The heavens are overcast above, the earth trembles below. The people stand in silence, gazing on the show : Bermuez the first challenger first in combat clos'd, He met Eerran Gonzales, face to face oppos'd ; They. rush together Avith such rage that all men count them dead. They strike each other on the shield, without all fear or dread. FeiTan Gonzales with his lance pierc'd the shield outright, It past Bermuez on the left side, in his flesh it did not bite. .Desi vinien los de Mio Cid a los Infantes de Carrion, Ellos Infantes de Carrion a los del Campeador. Cada uno dellos mientes tiene al so. Abrazan los escudos delant' los corazones ; Abaxan las lanzas abueltas con los pendones ; Enclinaban las caras sobre los arzones ; Batien los cavallos con los espolones ; Tembrar querie la tierra dod eran movedores. Cada uno dellos mientes tiene al so. Todos tres por tres ya juntados son. Cuidanse que esora cadran muertos, los que estaa aderredor. Pero Bermuez el que antes reblo, Con Ferran Gonzalez de cara se junto; Feriense en los escudos sin todo pavor; Ferran Gonzalez a Pero Bermuez el escudol' paso ; Prisol' en vacio, en came nol' tomo ; 465 Tlie spear was snapt in twain, Bermuez sat upright. He neither flinch'd nor swei-v'd, hke a true stedfast knight. A good stroke he receiv'd, but a better he has given ; He struck the shield upon the boss, in sunder it is riven, Onward into FeiTan's breast the lance's point is driven, Full upon his breastplate, nothing would avail ; Two breastplates Fernando wore and a coat of mail : The two are riven in sunder, the third stood him in stead. The mail sunk in his breast, the mail and the spear head. The blood burst from his mouth that all men thought him dead. The blow has broken his girdle and his saddle girth, It has taken him over his horse's back, and born him to the earth. The people think him dead as he lies on the sand ; Bermuez left his lance and took his sword in hand. Ferran Gonzales knew the blade which he had worn of old, Before the blow came down, he yielded and cried, " hold !" Bien en dos lugares el astil le quebro; Firme estido Peio Bermuez, por eso nos' encaoio ; Ua colpe recibieia, mas otro firio ; Quebranto la boca del escudo, apart gela echo; Pasogelo todo que nada nol' valio ; Metiol' la lanza por los pechos, que nada nol' valio ; Tres dobles de loriga tenie Fernando, aquestol' presto} Las dos le desmanchao, e la tercera finco : El belmez con la camisa e con la guarnizon De dentro en la came una mano gela metio ; Por la boca afuera la sangrel' salio. Quebraronle las cinchas, ningtina nol' ovo pro ; Por la copla del cavallo en tierra lo echo, Asi lo teoien las yentes que mal lerido es de muert. El dexo la lanza, e al espada nieiio mano. Quando lo vio Ferran Gonzalez, conuuo a Tizon. Antes q«e el colpe esperase, dixo, " venzudo so," Otorgarongelo los Fieles, Pero Bermuez ic dcso. 3o 466 Antolinez ajul Diego cnccmnter'd man for man, Their speai's were shiver'd Avith tlie shock, so eagerl}^ they ran. Antolinez drew fortli the blade which Diego once had Avorn, Eagerly he aim'd the blow for the vengeance l;e had sworn. Rio'ht throuoh Diego's helm the blade its edge has born, 'j'he crest and helm are lopt away, the coif and hair are shorn. He stood astounded with the stroke, trembling and forlorn. He wav'd his sword above his head, he made a piteous cry, " O save me, save me from that blade. Almighty Lord on high !' Antolinez came fiercely on to reach the fatal stroke, Diego's courser rear'd upright, and thro' the barrier broke. Martin Antolinez e Diego Gonzalez fiiieronse de las Lanzas; Tales fucion los colpes que les qucbraron las lanzas ; Martin Antolinez mano meti6 al espada ; Relumbra tod' el campo, tanto es linipia ^ clara. Diol' un colpe, de iraviesol' tomaba ; El casco de somo apart gelo echaba ; Las inoncluras del yelmo todas gelas cortaba: Alia lebo el almofar, fata la cofia legaba; La cofia e el almofar todo gelo lebaba ; Raxol' los pelos de la cabeza, bien a la came legaba. Lo uno cayo en el campo e lo al suso fincaba. Quando deste colpe ha ferido Colada la preciada, Viu Diego Gonzalez que no escaparie con alma. Bolvio la rienda al cavallo por tornase de cara. Esora Martin Antolinez recibioF con el espada. Un colpel' dio de lano, con el agudo nol' tomaba. Dia Gonzalez espada tiene en mano, mas non la ensaiaba. Esora el Lifante tan grandes voces daba, " Valme, Dios glorioso, Senor, e curiarm' desta espada!" El cavallo asorrienda e mesurandol' del espada, Sacol' del moion, Martin Antolinez en el campo fincaba. Esora dix6 el Key, " venid vos a mi compaua, 467 Antolinez has won the day, though his blow was mist, He has driven Diego fi'oni the field, and stands within the list. I must tell you of Muuio Gustioz, two combats now are done ; How he fought with Assur Gonzales, you shall hear anon. Assur Gonzales, a fierce and hardy knight. He rode at Munio Gustioz Avith all his force and might ; He struck the shield and pierc'd it through, but the point came wide, It passed b}" Munio Gustioz, betwixt liis arm and side : Sternly, like a practis'd knight, Munio met him there. His lance he level'd stedfastlv, and through the shield him bare ; He bore the point into his breast, a little beside the heart ; It took him through the body, but in no mortal part ; The shaft stood out behind his back a cloth-yard and more ; The pennon and the point were drijiping down with gore. Munio still clench'd his spear, as he past he forc'd it round. He wreach'd liim from the saddle, and cast him to the ground. " For quanto avedes fecho, vencida avedes esta batalla.' Otorgangelo los Fieles que dice verdadera palabra. Los dos ban airancado : direvos de Muuo Gustioz Con Asur Gonzalez couio se adobo : Firiense en los escudos unos tan grandes colpes : Asur Gonzalez, furzudo e de valor, Firio en el escudo a Don Muno Gustioz. Tias el escudo falsoge la guarnizon ; En vacio fue la lanza, ca en came nol' tom&. E=ite colpe fecbo, otio dio Muuo Gustioz, Tras el escudo faUuge la guarnizon. Por medio de la bloca del escudo quebranto. Nol' pudo guarir, falsoge la guarnizon. Apart' le priso, que non cabal corazon. Mt'tiol' por la carne adentro la lanza con el pendon. De la otra part una braza gela et hu : Con el dio una tuerta, de la siella lo encamo, 468 His horse sprung forward with the spur, he phick'd the spear away, He wheei'd and came again to pierce him where he lay. Then cried Gonzalo Asurez, '* For God's sake spare my Son! " The other two have yielded, the field is fought and won." Al tiiar de la lanza en tierra lo echo. Bermeio sali6 el astil, h la lanza h el pendon. Todos se cuedan que ferido es de muert. La lanza lecombro e sobrel se paro. Dixo Gonzalo Asurez, nol' firgades por Dios. Venzudo es el campo quando esto se acabu. THE END. PRINTED BY mtLlJlM POPLE, »i,D jiorivEi-i. couiiT, STKABn. ERRORS. Page 95 for Ciguenza read Sigiienza 117 for Sanc/io read Sisebuto \Q7 in the note, for meat vt&Afeet 323 for Tortoso read Tortosa PUBLISHED BY ROBERT SOUTHEY. 1. JOAN OF ARC^ an heroic Poem, Third Edition, 2 vols. Foolscap 8vo. Price 12s. Boards. 2. POEMS, vol. I. Fifth Edition, Foolscap 8vo. Price 6s. Boards. 3. vol. II. Third Edition, Foolscap 8vo. Price 6s. Boards. 4. THALABA THE DESTROYER, a rhythmical Romance, 2 vols. Foolscap 8vo. Price 14s. Boards. 5. AMADIS OF GAUL, from the Spanish version of Garciokdonez de Mont- ALVo. 4 vols. 12mo. Price l/. Is. Boards. 6. MADOC, a Poem, Second Edition, 2 vols. Foolscap 8vo. Price 12s. Boards. 7. METRICAL TALES, and other POEMS, formerly published in the Annual Anthology. 1 vol. Foolscap 8vo. Price 5s. 6d. 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