VALUABLE AND POPULAR BOOKS OF REFERENCE, For Library and Private Use. SOBRIQUETS AND NICKNAMES. A Dictionary-. By Ai.bickt R. FRiiV. Witli an Index arranged by true names. Large post 8vo, cloth, gilt top, -js. 6d., or half bound, 9J. This work contains o\cr Jive thousand subjects, and will prove to be invaluable as a handy reference-handbook. LOWLAND SCOTCH. A Dictionary-. By Charles Mackav, LL.D. With a Chapter on the Scotch Language and its Literary History and an Appendix of Scottish Proverbs. \Pri'parittg. A handy and original Vocabulary of the Scottish Lanj;uaf;e. All words are fully explained, and their various use and significance are illustrated by ample citations from old ballads, legends, and classic authors, from .\llan Kamsay, and Hogg and Wilson, to Burns and Scott. AMERICANISMS. ! A Dictionary of Modern Words and Phrases coUoquia'ly used in the I United States. By Charles G. Leland. {Preparing. \ I ARGOT AND SLANG. j A New French and English Dictionary of the Cant Words, Quaint Ex- pressions, Slang Terms, and Flash Phrases used in the High and Low Life of Old and New Paris. By A. Barrere, Officier de I'lnstruction ! Publique, Professor R.^L Academy, Woolwich. \ The work treats of the cant of thieves; the jargon of Parisian roughs; the i military, naval, parliamentary, academical, legal, and freemasons' slang ; of that of 1 the workshop, the studio, the stage, the boulevards, the demi-monde. \ ^Preparing. ! Others to follow. Sobriquets and Nickinames BY ALBERT R. FREY AUTHOR OF " WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE AND ALLEGED SPANISH PROTOTYPES, "a bibliography of JUNIUS," "a bibliography of PLAYING CARDS," ETC. You jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname God's creatures. Shakespeare. The time was when men were had in price for learning; now letters only make men vile. He is upbraidingly called a poet, as if it were a contemptible nickname. Bkn Jonson. o>Kc LONDON W HI T T A K E R AND CO M P A X Y PATERNOSTER SQUARE PREFACE. Wk aro informed that in tlie fourteenth century the word sobriquet was cniph)yed to express a sound of contempt, "half whistle and half jeer," and that in pronouncing it the chin was slightly and rapidly ele- vated. In the course of time the term lias undergone some modifications, and the reader of to-day, no matter to what especial branch of literature or history he may devote himself, must have encountered these peculiar nicknames. Not infrequently their origin is dilHcult to determine, and consetiuently their ai)plication is lost in the majority of instances. It was only a few weeks ago that I read of " Doctor Inkpot." Now, who was the jH^rsonage thus (|uaintly dubbed ? Search in your encyclopa-dia and of course you will not find him. And who would think of seeking for the answer in that great storehouse, the Athrnsc Oxonlcnsls / It ai>i)ears somewhat strange that no book luis as yet been issued which is devoted to tJie explanation and derivation of these witty, and, in some instances, abusive, appellations ; and to remedy this defect the present work was undertaken. The writer begs to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. Edward Denham, of New I'.edford, Mass., without whose valuable assistance this book would never have reached its picsent size. This gentleman is to be (ledittd with the exhaustive paper on "The ^lan in the Iron Mask" and th(' majority of the lengthier entries. .VLiii;ur U. FitKV. Till-; AsroK Liuuakv, New Yuuk. SOBRIQUETS AND NICKNAMES. A. Abdael. Tliis character, in Dry- den's pocui of Ahs'i/om (iiul Acliil- oplu'l, fstiinds for (ioneral Georjje Monk, I)nke of Albemarle, wiio was mainly instrumental in fur- tlierini; the restoration of Charles II. Vid. David. Absalom, in Dryden's Absalom (did Ac/iitDjthtl, is James, Duke of Monmouth, the rebellious son of Charles II. Absolute Wisdom, The. A nick- name <;i veil to Sir Matthew Wood. In 1S_'1 he was a staunch sup- porter of thiieen \'ictoria created himabaronet, inacknowl- edi;mciit, it was said, of his liberality in inakinj; larj^e money advances to iier father, tlu^ late Duke of Kent, when f;reatly dis- tressed by debts and hunted by creditors. Abyssinian Bruce. A nickname given to. lames l!ruce,the African traveller. Abyssinian Prince, The. A sobriquet conferred on (Jeorge Augustus I'olgreen Bridgetower, a mulatto, "who made his first appearance in 1T!K3 at Drury Lane Theatre, where he played a violin solo between the ])arts of the Mvssi<(/i." He gave; many con- certs at the beginning of the present century, and in ]80;{ played the Kreutztr Honata with iJeethoveu. Acante. A nickname given to IJacine hy ins friemls, who formed a literary club of kindred sj)irits, and met at the house of Boileau- Despreau.x. Accomplished, The. A sohri- (piet conferred on John (Jaetano Orsini, I'ope Nicholas III., and the name Ir, Cdmimkito, "the accomplished," imi)lied that in him met all the graces of the h.indsomest clerks in the world, hut he was likewise .a man of irrei)roachal)le morals, great abil- ity, and of vast ambition. Accusative, The. So .Tohn Cal- vin was called hy his college Companions. Achates of the General's Fight, The. So Drydeii. in his iioem, .l///)",<; Mindu.hs (line b'.K)), c;ills Sir liobert Holmes, rear-admiral. Achilles of England, The. .V name bestowed on Arthur Wfdlos- ley, the Duke of Wellington. (1) ACH ADA Achilles of Germany, The. A title given to Albrecht III., Elector of Brandenburg in the fifteenth century. Achilles of Rome, The. So Si- cinius Deutatus, wlio tlourislied in the fifth century before Christ, is called. Achilles of the North, The. A name given to Beowulf . Disraeli, in his AmeniUes of Literature, says of liim: Tlie exploits of Beowulf are of a supernatural cast; and this circum- stance lias bewildered his translator amid inytlilc allusions, and thus the hero sinks into the incarnation of a Saxon idol, a protector of the hu- man race. It is difficult to decide whether the marvell(uis incidents be mythical, or merely exaggerations of the Northern poetic faculty. We, however, learn by these that corpo- real energies and an indomitalile spirit were the glories of the hero- life; and the outbreaks of their self- complacency resulted from their own convictions after many atierce trial. Achitophel. Tliis character, in Dryden's satire of Absalojn and Achitophel, is intended for the Earl of Shaftesbury, who abetted the rebellion of aV.salom ((/. *;.). Of these (i.e., the rebels), the false Achitopliel was first ; A name to all succeeding ages curst ; For close desig)is and crooked coun- sels ht ; Sagacious, hold, and turbulent of wit ; Restless, unfixed in principles and place; In power unpleased, impatient in disgrace. (Part i.) Achmet Pasha. A title bestowed on Claude Alexandre Boniieval. Vid. Watt, Bihlwtheca Britan- n if<( . Ada ! Sole Daughter of my House and Heart. An allu- sion, by Byron, in (Jnhle Harold (Canto Ili., line 2), to his only child, Ijady Augusta Ada Byron. The name; Ada was selected from the early ancestry of the poet, being quite common in the fam- ily under the I'lantagcnets. She was born only a month before her father and niotlier separated, and never consciously looked into his face. Her fatlier always, however, loved her, and often spoke of her in his corre- spondence, at one time begging for her miniature, at another acknowledging a lock of hair, which he says is "soft and pretty, and nearly as dark as mine was at twelve," and again calling her " the little Electra " (7. r.). Siie did not much resemble him, and it is said no one would have rec- ognized the Byron features the finely chiselled chin, the expressive li))S and eyes of the poet in the daughter ; yet some who saw her on her wedding morning, when, in liS;;5, she mar- ried the Earl of Lovelace (then Lord King), fancied they saw }nore traces of the poet's counte- nance in the bridii thait at any other time. But dissimilarity of looks was not the only dissim- ilarity. She cared little about poetry, her favorite study being mathematics, which she studied under Babbage, and at one time translated from the Italian into English a very elaborate defence of that philosopher's Calculating Machine, enlarging it to three times its original length, with notes and problems which re- quired a great knowledge of the science of Algebra and kindred subjects. Her understanding was thoroughly masculine in solidity of grasp and firmness, yet she had all the delicacies of the most refined female charac- ter. Her maiuHTS, tastes, and accomplishments lin many of which, music especially, she was proficient) were feminine in the nicest sense of the word. The superficial observer would never have divined the strength and knowledge that lay hiddeti under her womanly graces, while ]iro- portionate to her distaste for the frivolous ami ('(inimouiilace was an enjoyment of true intellectual society. She eagerly sought the acquaintance of all who were distinguished in science, art. and ADA ADO literature. She died in London, and was buried beside lier father, in a vault in Newstead Abbey, leaving two sons and one daugh- ter. Adam, the college tutor in Arthur Hugh Clough's j)oem of the Ilotlw ('/ Tdbir-ixi-l'iiolich, is probably intended for the au- thor himself. Jle is described as Whitetifd, clerical, sil<-iit, with aii- tiijiic s(jiuirccut wnistcoat, Formal, uiiclianjri'd, "f Mack cloth, but with scii.m; and feeling be- neath it. Addison of America, The. A title bestowed uixiii Joseph Den- nie, on account of his two series of es.says, T/i<; Farrw/o and Tin; Linj I'l-i ilrlu-r. Addison of the North, The. Jleiiry Mackenzie, author of Till M'ln I)/ Fit/ill'/, is su called on account of the jjurity and cor- rectness of his style. Adjutant, The. William Maginn is refcn-ed to bv this name in the Admirable, The. .A title bestowed on .lames ("richton, of ('jiiiiy, an e.\traordiiiai-y Scottish scliOlar. who gave stu'h early proofs of his learning that he obtained the degree of M. A. when only four- teen ycais of ai^c. He is said to have been stabbed by bis pU])!!, Viiiceiizo (Jon/.aga, son of the Duke of .Mantua. The Loudon 'nivi/riiph calleil ('.n) tain IJichani Iturtiin. author cif 'flii' Hook of the Sirord. ami n porteil to lie the iTia-ter of t\veiii\ nine lantrnajies, the .Modern Ailniiraijle Ciichton Admirable Crichton, My. So I.ady Carbery callc', structure, and habits of birds and beasts ; was the author of a work on fal- conry, which proved him a thorough master of the subject ; was a practical surgeon, anil en- couraged the medical school of Saiernf) ; founded the I'niversity of >s'ai)Ies. aiul patronized learning aiul art, and surrounded himself with men of thought ; was famed for his talents as a miimesinger: and, with all his literary taste and line genius, was so active and manly that no one could excel him in athletic feats or knightly exercise. Admirable Crichton of his Day, The. So ('raik,-in his Comjifn- dhnis I/istori/ of Fii^/lisli L/lcra- tin-p (ii. 414), calls .Sir AVilliam Jones. Admirable Doctor, The. Itoger IJacon. Vid. l)o< tok .Mih.\bii.is. Admiral, The, in "The Wed- ding," one of Lamb's Kysdf/s of Klin, is Ailmiral dames ]>iirney, who is described as " in tine wig ami btukle on this occasion a striking; contrast to bis usual neglect of personal ajjjiear- ance." Admiral of the Lake, The. A name given to .lobn Wilson, whose residenc(> was situated on the shores of Lake Wiiul'jr- mere. Adonais. So Shelley, in a i>oeni of the saiiu^ name, calls .lobn Keats. lie proliably adopted Ibis word to call attention to the similarity iMtwcen Kiats's un- timel\ (leatii and lliat of .Vdonis. Adonais of the French Revolu- tion, The. .\ name given to .Vndre (hrnier by Henri \an Laun, wbn s.i\ s : The liiHiL'h tl::i! i- -naii|M(l nri^j'if h:ne i.'inun ~;r:ii''lit ; AimiIIo'm wnalh hii"lil ha\e hnihled into i'.s ADV ^S expected glories ; and, at all events, that which Adonai.s has done is sel- dom the best of vvhicli he was capa- ble. Tlie Frencii Itevolution had its Adonais in Andre (Jh^nier. History of French Literature (iii. 161). Adversity Hume. So William Cobbett nicknamed Joseph Hume, "in contradistinction to Prosperity Robinson (7. v.), owing to his constant presages of ruin and disaster to befall the people of Great Britain." Vid. Sir Henry Buhver's Historical Char- acters. ^olus. A nickname given to William Pitt, E:arl of Chatham, by Lord Chesterfield, who, in a letter written in 17(i;i, says : I should naturally think that this session will be a stormy one; tliat is, if Mr. I'itt takes an active part ; but if lie is pleased, as the ministers say he is, there is no otlier ^2olus to blow a storm. Tlie Dukes of Cum- berland, Newcastle, and Devonshire have no better troops to attack with than the militia, but I'itt alone is ipse aginen (an army in himself). ^olus. So William Cobbett called George tJanning. Vid. Sir Henry 13uhver's Historical Characters. .ffischylus of France, The. An ei)itliet given to Pros])er Jolyat de Crebiilon, on account of the strength and vigor of his charac- ters. His great forte was in jtortraying tlie passions of rage and terror. .^schylus of Spain, The. Bou- terwok, in his Ilistonj of Spanish Literatim; (p. 24!)), says that this title might have been borne by Cervantes. ^3culapius. A nickname under which Jdliii Uadcliff, an English phvsiciaii, figures in The Tatlcr (No. ,-,()). .Ssculapius of that Age, The. A sobriquet conferred by I<^uller on Dr. Butler, the i)hysician to James I. Vid. I^arwood and Hotten, History of ISiijnboards^ (cap. ii.). ^sop of Arabia, The. A nick- name given to Lokman, an Ara- bian philosopher, whose name is prefixed to a chapter in the Koran, in which Mahomet jiuts into his mouth those maxims concerning the unity of one God. It shows the high degree in Avhich he was held by the Arabs at the time the Koran was made, and he still retains that high esteem at the present day. lie was a slave, and noted for his personal deformity and ugliness, as well as eloquence and wisdom, and a peculiar talent for compos- ing moral fictions and short dia- logues. Some writers assert that he embraced the Jewish religion, and entered the service of King David, who had a high esteem for him. He is said to have died in .iudea, and was buried at llamlah, a small town in Syria. The relics of his fables were first published in hi:!)) in Arabic and Jjatin. A Fiench translation was published in 1711 and again in 1778 and 17i)l). From a simi- larity of many of them to ^lisop some have inferred that Lokman and ^Fsop were different names for the same person, while others think it more likely that the compiler had seen those of jFsop and chose to insert some of them in his collection. Whoever was the writer, the fables afford no inelegant specimen of tiie moral doctrine of the ^Vrabians. -ffisop of Arabia, The. A nick- name given to Nasser Ben Har- eth, an Arabian merchant, who lived in tlie time of ^lahomet. For several years he traded in Persia, and when ho returned to his native country he brought many fables, romances, and sto- ries of tlie ex|doits of the heroes of other countrii^s. These so delighted the Arabians that when Mahomet gathered together the histories of the Old Testa- ment tlintempt by the followers of the prophet. ^sop Of England, The. John (lay. .fflsop of France, The. Jean de La Fontaine. ^sop of Germany, The. Gott- hold Epiiraim Lessin;;. This writer, and tlie two prece, he became a body-ser- vant to Edmund Kean, whom he accompanied to Enj;land, where he studied for tiie stage, lie subse(juently made an unsuccess- ful debut at the Tiieatre in IJaiti- more, but returned to Enj^land, where, at tiie lioyaltj' Theatre, London, in such plays as Ol/it-Uo, The Merclutnt <>/ \\:iiicA', etc., he met with striking success, and was regarded as an able and most faithful interpreter of Shakespeare's best characters. At JJelfast he played Ot/olU, to Kean's lu'/o, and also (Jrazeinhra to ills Alboin. He acted in vari- ous countries on tlie continent, where lie received tokens of high approbation. Tiie King of Prus- sia wrot-i him an autograph- letter and sent him a medal, and tilt; Kmi)eror of .Vustria conferred on him tlie grand crt)ss of Leo- pold. He died in Lodz, Toland. Agrag-. Sir F.dmondbnry Godfrey, in Dryden's satire of Ab.mlcm (iii'l Ac/iilo/ili'l. He i*i the mag- istrate before whom Titus Dates made liis declaration, but was afterwards found barbarously murdered in a ditch near J'rim- ro.se Hill. \'id n]ion (iinlio Trissino. by bis father, in the laller's work. //.//( JJhrnit'i. Vi'l. Symoiuls, /.'. - vii^sitiif' ill It'i'iii. (I't. ii. cap. xiii.) Ahasiierus. This title is cf|iiiva- lenl to " Lion-lleartrcl." and is coninioii to several kiiii^s of Per- sia. F./ra sl\les ('aniliyses si) (iv. i'<), but the -Miasucrus of AIG ALC Scripture may be simply a classic way of spelling Gushtasp, or Kishtasp-Darawesli, a king. Da- rius the (Treat assumed this title. Ahasuerus is a character in lla- cine's tragedy, Esther, and is there intended to represent Louis X1V\, King of France. Aigle de la France, L'. Pierre d'.Vilby. Vid. i^E Marteau des lli:Ki:TiQUES. Airedale Poet, The. A nick- name given to John Nicholson, an English i)oet, on account of his poem, AiraUde, the name of the place where he attended school. Airlie, in Arthur Hugh Clough's poem of the JlolJuc. of Tobcr-mi- Vxtolich, is intended for J. Dea- con, of Oriel College. Ajax Flagellifer, An. A nick- name given to the Abbii Jean Joseph Rive, tlie French bibli- ographer, who was the terror of his acquaintances and the pride of his ])atron. Though a learned man, he could lend his name and give the weight of his example to the i)ropagation of coarse and acrimonious censure. His '_7if(sse (ti(x ISibUoijraiili.eti will be found to contain almost everj- kind of gross abuse and awkward wit which could be ))oured forth against the respectable characters of the day. Alan Falrford, a character in Scott's Ri'dfiaimilet, is drawn to represent himself. Lockhart, in his Life of Scott (Boston, ls:37, i. p. 12!)), says: I liave no (loabt tliat AVillinm Clerk was in tlie main Darsie Lati- mer, wliile Scott liimsflf uiujiics- tionably sat for his own picture in young Alan Fairford. Alaric Cottin. So Voltaire nick- named Fr(>derick the fireat, wlio was both a warrior and a i)oet. The, Abbe Cotin was satirized by IJoileau ami Moliere. Alastor. So Heinsius, in a letter to (ironovius, Dec. 10, Kio'J, calls Claudius Salmasius. Vid. Mas- son, Life of Milton (iv. 4G5). Albert with the Tress. An appellation by which Albert III., Duke of Austria, is frequently mentioned. There are two rea- sons for this name. He wore a lock of hair, which he received from his wife or some other dis- tinguished lady, entwined with his own, and formed a .society of the Tress, not unlike the Order of the darter. Albertus Magnus, in the Xoctea Ainliroaiiinm, is intended for Albert Cay, a wine-merchant of Edinburgh. Alcseus. So Byron, in his Eiui- lixh Bards and Scotch Rcrieivers, calls James Montgomery: With broken lyre and clieek serenely pale, Lo! sad Alcoeus wanders down the vale. The name had been used as a pseudonym in T/ie J'oetical L'eg- isier (101). Alceste. ('laude de St. Maure, du(! de INlontausier, is regardetl by some authorities as the origi- nal of the " warm-hearted Duke " in Moliere's Misanthrope, while others believe that the author drew his own picture when he created the character. Certain it is, however, that the Duke went to see the jierformance of the play, and remarked: "I have no ill-will against ^Moliere, for the original of .Alceste, who- ever he may be, must be a fine character since tlie copy is so." The misanthrope, Alceste, loves a co(|nette Ct'liintMie almost against liis will; and we can imagine tlic feelings witli wliicli .Moliere liiiiiself took I he role of Alcesle to Ids wife's Celimene. Van Laun, Moliere (i. xxxiv.). 17'/. Celimene. Alcibiades of his Time, The. A nickname given to (W'orge \illiers, second I )uke of r>ucking- hani. Alcidas. A character in Moli- er(>'s La Mariaiji- Forces. Tradi- tion says the original of this over-polite personage was a cer- ALD ALT tain Marquis de la Trousse, killed at the siege of Tortosa in ltH8, and who was so polite that he always used compliments when tijihtinj; a duel, and ex- pressed his f;reat sorrow while killing his opponent. Alderman Medium. A nick- name api)lieil, in the broadsides of the day, to William Ahcll, an alderman of London, and the master of the Vintners" Company. Vi()ii, Si.isiin.-:, " WiiUtT." Alexander the Corrector. A name assumed by Alexander (ruden. the compiler of the ci'le- bnited (el : or at a Barber's or ( 'aaii (ihr's .- ii|> never to ini^-e of thiiii. I ill. As 1 i:i)i.i)c.i<' \l. l!ii II Ai:i). Almanzor. A nickname given to Tiioinas Ashton. Vol'. Oiios- M AlU-.S. Almig-hty Nose, The. One of the numerous epithets bestowed o!i ()li\er Croiinvell by Mareha- niont Neeilhain. in the hitter's ]ierio(li(al. the .!/ rctiriii.'i J'riii/- UniHr.is [.,,:;, KU'.II. Alonzo. So r.vron. in his poem, Cl.r'li^h i: ''''. .';-//>. calls the Hon. .bdin Wingtield, of the Coldstream ( luards. Alte Desaauer, Dor. A popular niekiiame in (lermany. for l.e.i- pold, Irince of Aniialt-I )essau. ALT AME who is " distinguished as the cre- ator of tlic Prussian army." Alte Fritz, Der. Tlie popular name by whicli Frederick tlie Great is Icnown to the Germans. Alter Ego of Richelieu. A name sometimes jjiven to Fran- (j'ois Leclerc du Tremblay, bet- ter Ivuown as "Father Joseph," a man wliose cliief merit was liis intri<^uing proclivities, and who, whatever he did, showed a most meddlesome disposition, hut was the tirm friend of llichelieu. Amanda. A lady, the imperson- ation of love in Thomson's '* S])rin^i^," was Miss Young, afterwards married to Admiral Campbell. iSho inspired, among other pieces, the following beau- tiful song : Unless with my Amanda blest. In vain I twine the woodbine bower; Unless I deck her sweeter breast, In vain I rear the breathing llower : Awakened by the genial year. In vain the birds around nie sing. In vain tlie freshening tields appear, Witliont niy love there is no f-pring. Amaryllis, in Spenser's Colin Clout's Come Home Ayain, was intended for the Countess Dowa- ger of Derby, for whom Milton wrote his Arcades. Amazia, in Samuel Pordage's sa- tirical poem of Azoriii oml Hu- shni, is intended for King Charles XL, who is described as flying " over Jordan " : Till God hath struck the tvrant Za- haddcad; Wlicn all liis subjects, who his fate did moan, Witli jovful liearts restored him to his throne: Who then liis father's murtherers dcstroy'd And a loiifr, happy, peaceful reign enjoy'd, Bclov'd of all, for merciful was he, Tike (iod in the superlative degree. Ambassador, The, from the East India Comjiany to tlie court of the Teesho Lama, in Tibet, in I3e- loe's Sexagenarian (ii. cap. xiii.), is intended for Samuel Turner. Ambitious Thane. So Dr. John "W'olcot, in his Epistle to James Jloswell, calls the latter. Amelia. Lady Mary Wortley Mon- tagu saj's: " Henry Fielding has given a true picture of himself and his first wife, in the charac- ter of Mr. and Mrs. Booth, some compliments to his own figure excepted; and I am persuaded several of the incidents he men- tions are real matters of fact." " Amelia," says Thackeray, " pleads for her husband. Will Booth; Amelia pleads for her reckless, kindly old father, Harry Fielding. . . . They say it was in his own home Fielding knew and loved her; atid from his own wife that he drew the most charm- ing character in English fiction." American Be'wick, The. A nick- name given to Alexander Ander- son, the first engraver on wood in America. At the age of twelve he made quite successful attempts at engraving on copjier and type- metal; and in ITiKi, when em- ployed in copying drawings on wood after Bewick, for an Amer- ican edition of The Lookiiif/-;s by our American Cruikshank, Johnston some of tiiem orifji- nal, but mostly copies from tlie late edition of SmoUet's transla- tions." American Fablus, The. A name bestowed on (k'()rj;e Washing;! on by the newspapers of 1775-.S,"), because Ids military jxilicy in wearyiuf? the Hritislfi troops by harassing; them, without cominjj to a pitched battle, was similar to that adoi)ted by Fabius against Hannibal. American Goldsmith, The. A sobriquet bestowed on Sanmol Woodwortli, author of Thr (Jhi (Jakin lliirki't. LikeCJoldsmitli, he was strong and anient in his attachments; early in life he had a weakness for visionary projects; a strange taste for wanderhig in search of a good fortune, wuich he never found; he was always pursiied by ill-luck, and had iireat literary reant. He, however, had none; of that amus- ing vanity of (ioldsmith, but was distinguished for great modesty. American Montaig-ne, The. Ualph Waldo luncrson is fre- ^njamin l'"rank- lin, by Sir James Mackintosh, who says: .An iiiili-|)ti)ilcurf of fhouplit, iiron stiiiil anil clirt rt nltTfiic-c to utilitv, a i'ipii-i(|iiiiit ali-liiiiiirc from wliMt ever in inertly curious uiui urii;i mental, or even remotely useful, a talent for ingeniously bet'raviiig vice and prejudice into an adrnissiun of reason, and for exhibiting their eo|ihisnis in that slate of undisguised absurdity in which they are ludi- crous, with the singular power of striking illustrations from homely objects, would justify us in culling Franklin Tin: A.mi:uican ijotu.v- TKS. /,i/e (ii. -JUi). American Stuart, The. An epi- thet used in (ireat liritain to dis- tinguish (Jilbert Charles Stuart, the American artist, who resided several years abroad, from James Stuart, the Scotch artist. American Tupper, The. Josiah (i. Holland has been so called, from the proverbial expressions in his writings. Ami du Peuple, L'. Jean Paul .Marat, the French revolutioni.st, is pojiularly known by this title. Amlel, in Dryoemsof Kdn+nnd WaTtr*, is jtrobalily I.ady Sojihia Waller. In his song 7'o Ainnrii. the jioet "compares tli" different modes of regard with wliic!i he liH)ks on her and .Sacliaris.sa "' (7. r.). Amorous, The. .\ name given to riiilippe I., King of France, bccatise lie obtained a divorce from Uertlie. his wife, to esjHiu.s*^ Itertrade, who was already mar- ried to Foul(|in's, ( Ount (d Anjou. Amri, in I)rydk>yed by him towards those whom he condemned to be exe- cuted. Anacreon of the People of Quality, The. .\ name given to Ij'Abbe (ruillaume .\mfrye do (,'haulieu, of whom Jolui Morley, in liis V'llUnrn (\). 41), says: TIk- AI)Iii' Cliaulicii, a vcrsilicr of sprijilitly fancy, fiiacc, and natural ease, was tlit- dissolntc Anacreon of the (X'oplc i)l'(nialit\ , who, durintr tlic \h->\ \r.u{ of llif nil,'!! of l.ciiii^ .\\'., had failed to syni|patliizc witli it.s nrdiility and staicliiicss, and durin;,' till- worst part rcvollt'd ajjainst its plooin. Nolialrc at twenty was his intimate and his professed |- I-"i: A.NCE. Anacreon of the Twelfth Cen- tury, The. Walter Mapcs, also calleti 'I'liK .ToviAi. TopKK. His best known piece is the drinking- song M' inn I st iiroimsll mil. In ^'- biriKi limn, wliicb has been trans- lated by Li'igh Htmt under the titll's Cvn- flS.si'.ll. Anatomist of Humanity, The. A name sometimes given to .lean Hajttiste l'(i(|ueliii Moliere, tln^ greatest of l'"reii(li comic drama- tists. His iiiiidel was the (ireek Meiiaiider. and his great excel- lence is delineal imi of character. He studied men for the purpose of attacking folly, ami his come- dies may he termeeriie:s, supposed author of th.' /:-/.>is Dr\den. in the deilic.itorv h'lter to his ANO 12 ANT fables, calls the Duke of Ormond. The latter, while a prisoner at Namiir, distributed the money whicli was sent to him among his fellow-sufferers. Another Machiavel. So Church- ill, in his poem The CUmdidate (line 28G), calls Lord Bute. Another Philip the Second. An epithet given to George III. of England by William Taylor, who says, in Memorials of Will- iam Taylor (ii. L'OG) : The Church of England is less consistent and not more merciful than popery. George III. is another Philip the Second, notwithstanding two centuries of progressive light and hunianization. Another Proteus. A name given to C. A. Saiiite-lSouve, on account of his paradoxical iutel- lectual and moral character. Another Proteus. A nickname given to Francis lions. Vid. Old Jew of Eton, That. Another Pythag-oras, a name given to the English divine, as- trologer, alchemist, and mathe- matician, John 13ee. Then he rambled to Paris to lec- ture on liis favorite Kuclid, explain- ing the elements not only matliemat- ically but by their application to natural philosophy, like another Pythagoras. Disraeli, Amenities of Literature. Another Reynolds. So Gifford, ill the Muirifid (line .S80), terms John Iloppncr, the portrait i)aint- Another Roger Bacon. An epi- thet given to Thomas Allen, an eminent mathematician. His great skill in mathematics made the ignorant look upon him as a magician or conjurer, and ac- cuse him of using his art of figuring to bring about tlie Earl of Leicester's schemes, and en- deavoring, by the use of the black art, to effect a match be- twixt Leicester and Queen Eliz- abeth. Another Roscius. So Camden calls Kichard Burbage, the Eliz- abetiian actor. Another Tully and Virgil. So Anthony Wood calls William Cartwriglit, the poet, and adds that "if tlie wits read his poems they would scarce believe that he died at a little over thirty years of age." Antenor, in Katherine Philips' poem of the same name, repre- sents her husbanu('rno, who sung Ills verses to Pope Leo X. Antiquarian Poet, The. So Wood frciiiieiitly terms .John Le- land. I'iit. Al/uinc (/j^'iniriisis, art. "Cox," " Hardyng," etc. Antiquary of Poetry, The. A name apjilied to .Iose]>h Pitsoii, by Disraeli, in his (,'((liimilii:s "/ A'lllinr.'^: I'ilson, tlie late anti'jnary of poet- rv, not to c;ill him i)octica'l, aina/i-d tlie world by Ids \ itiiperative railin;^ at two authors of thi' liin-t taste in jpoetry, \\arIoii anionary to men. T)e Maistre says very much the same thing: In homiiie iinii|iie a ipii I'enfer a\ ait remi< sis pmn nir-. Ape of Greene, The. .\ii ejiithet eonfi'rreil on Tlionias Xasii. I'i'L 'rill-; ( iKNl l.t .\IA.N Kai.a- M I I I- I N . Ape of Scarron, The. .\ nick- name gi\en to ( 'liarles Coypraii, Sieiir irAssoini. on aci'iMint of his imitating llio I-'vinii: ii,u I I '/. ' . I. He w.is far more a InitTonn than a wit. 'I'liero are in his worlcs a tliousaiid instaiii-rs nf (lnlne-s, iiiid a lliousand neire of imle- eeney. for mil' !i\rlyanil inui'iii- ous turn I'f wit . Ape of Tally, The. .\ nickname given to (lalirii'l llarvey by Nash in his ."^(riiii'i' .\i ins cf ihe APO 14 APO Interceptinri of Certaine Letters (London, 1503), where he says: From this day forward shall a wliole arniie of boies come woiidring about thee, as thou goest in the street, and cry kulleloo,hnUeloo,with wimp hoo, there goes the Ape of Tully ! tih he he, steale Tally, steale Tully, away with the Asse in the Lioii's skinhe. Xay, but in sadnesse, is it not a sinful! thing for a SchoUar and a Christian to turne Tully? a Turke would never doe it. Apollo of Portug-al, The. Luis Cainoeiis, autlior of the Lvsind. He was so called for Ids poetry, and not for any personal attrac- tions. He was allowed to perish in poverty on the streets. Apollo's Messenger. So Sir As- ton Cokaiiie. in Ids commendatory verses jirefixed to Philip Massin- gers Kmjicror of the West (163'2), terms the latter. Apollon de la Source des Muses, L', i.e., The Ai'oli>o of THE Fountain of Muses. This epitliet was given to Pierre de Konsard by Mary Stuart, who sent to him, from her prison, a silver beavfet, on wldch was chased the mountain of the Muses, with the inscription : A Ronsard, TApollon de la Source des Muses. Apologist for the Quakers, The. A sobriquet sometimes applied to Robert Barclay, of Urie, on accoimt of his numerous works written in tlie interests of the Sf)ciety of Friends, of which he was a member. Apostate, The. The Roman em- peror Flavins Claudius Julian is so called, because lie forsook Christianity, and returned to Paganism. Apostate, The. So Samuel Parr called Sir .Tames ^Mackintosh, who had written in defence of the French Revolution, and then accepted an Indian judgeship from Pitt, who was an enemy of the cause espoused. Apostle of Andalusia, The. A nickname given to Juan d' Avila, a Spanish priest, who for the space of forty years journeyed through the Andalusian mountains and forests enforcing by his precepts and example the doctrines of the Gospel. Apostle of Ardennes, The. St. Hubert, Bishop of Maestricht and Idege, is frequently thus called, "from his zeal in destroy- ing remnants of idolatry." Apostle of Cheerfulness, The. So the companionable and kind- hearted John Kenyon was called by his friends. Vid. Fields, i'es- tcrduys with Authors (p. o>>~). Apostle of Enlightenment, The. A nickname given to Christian Thomasius, a (lerman philoso- pher and jurist. Early in life he commenced to lecture on law in a style perfectly free from the pedantry of the schools, and adopted the German language as the vehicle of his expositions, to the astonishment of his Latin- speaking colleagues. He also commenced a monthly journal in Leipzig which excited so much opposition that he was forced to goto Halle, where, under the pat- ronage of the lirandenburg court, he was the means of establishing a uidversity, since famous. His great aim was to harmonize and blend science and life: hence his contempt for hair-splitting sub- tleties, of which nothing could be made. He was no mediator between the old and the new ideas like Leibidz, but an innova- tor, a champion of so-called en- lightened views, and an intellec- tual liberator. He wished to vanquish prejudices, pedantry, hypocrisy, to give to the learned classes a ]iractical secular train- ins, and to break down the bar- riers of intellectual aristocracy. Apostle of Free-Trade, The. Richard Cobden is so called, on account of his labors and tri- umphs in the interests of free- trade. Apostle of Gaul, The. A name frequently given to St. Martin, APO 15 APO Bishop of Tours, France, who strenuously resisted the persecu- tion of heretics, and wiis eminent for liis self-denial and works of charity. Apostle of Germany, The. So St. lioniface is termed, hecause lie devoted a great portion of his life towards civilizing the harha- rian nations of Germany. Apostle of Infidelity, The. Vol- taire is so called, on account of liis endeavors to overthrow the Christian religion. Apostle of Ireland, The, is St. Patrick, who introduced Chris- tianity in thit country, and huilt many religious edifices. Apostle of Liberty, The. A nickname given to Ifenry Clay, who, in Congress, by his elo (luence, roused llie countrv for tlie War of ISlii witli Kng'land, advocated the recognition of the independence of the Spanish American states and of insur- gent (Ireece, and exerted his in- fluence for th(M'Xf:liisi(in of Huro- jiean authority on this (ontiiieiit. Apostle of Scottish Reformers, The. A iianu' ai)plied to John Knox, th." Apostle of the Goths, The. An epithet conferred on Ulfilas or Iphilas, liishop of the (iotbs of Dacia and Thrace, who so far succeeded in civilizing these bar- barians that they became the mo.st polished and'enlightened of all the Teuton tribes. lie trans- lated the Scriptures into the (Jotliic tongue. Apostle of the Highlanders, The. So St. Columba, who preached the Cospel in Scotland and lona in the sixth century, is fre(|ucntly termed. Apostle of the Indians, The, or Tup: Im>ian Ai-osti.k, is a title bestowed both upon Bartf)- lome iht Las Casas ami ujion the Itev. John Kliot, who did mucii tov.ards jiropagating the (lospel among, and in other ways ad- vancing the condition of, the lux- tives of America. Apostle of the Isle of Ely, The. A name given to William .Sedg- wick, a whimsical fanatic jireaeli- er. I'/'/. I Sutler's 1 1 ml it, ms I l*t. 11. iii. -177) and \\dod, Ath( nx (>.n,iu, ni'is. Apostle of the North, The. Ansgar, who introduced Chris- tianity into Scan Ber- nard Cilpin, who taui;ht tb(> doc- trines of the Protestant clinreli to the inliabitants ot Scotland. Apostle of the Peak, The. So NN'iliiani Pag^baw, a iion-<'")|. formist, who |preaeiieil in Derby- shire, Ijigland. is lernied. Apostle of the Picts. The, is St. Ninian. who converieil the \\-\\- tonic inlialiiianis of Ciunl'ria in the tittli century. Apostle of the Slavs, The. ,V name gi\en to .St. ('\iil, who in flu; nintli century pnaclje;c is unrivulk'd. . . . No man makes less parade in Ids book aciitasiiious; yet Archimedes liath a Hhrary of widch the fouadation was laid from I lie spoils of tlie I'iuelli and I'aitoni Collections. Archimedes, An. An epithet given to Ccorge Dyer by t'liarlcs Dainb, in a letter to 'I'hoinas Manning. Talfourd, in his L/n- ati'l \\<'r/,-s iif chiirlis Lcmih (ii. \>. '.CO, gives the letter: (ieorire Dyer is an Archimedes, and an .\rcldma;;Ms, and a Tyclio ISrahe, and a Copernicns; and thou art tlie darling of llie .Nine, and midwife to tlieir wanderin^f babe also. Argonaut. So Captain IJasil JIall is eallcd in the Novics Am- br0--_'l. Ariel of the Italian Renais- sance, The. .\ name given to Antonio Allegri Currcugio by. I. A. Synionds. ill his /i'/ /;.//.vm//(i'.' i'l Ka'ii (iii. 3lL', :\U)), id' whom he says: <'iin rL';.'io i~ the Ariel or Faiin, the hiNcr and Hl'IiI ;.'i\ i r ; he has siir- pri-eil hui;.'hler iijion the face (.f the iiid\er~e, and he paints tliis laiij;liter in e\er\ar>inir m')\enieiit. . . . lie created a wnrld of luantifiil bninan lieirics, the whole condition of who-e exi^Iiine i~ an innocent and radiant wantonni s^. Ariosto of Germany, The. A name uivt'ii to Goethe b\ Sir Walter Scott, in liis Joumal, Feb. 20, 1827, where he says : But Goethe is ditrerenf, and a won- derful fellow, the Ariosto at once and almost the Voltaire of Ger- many. Ariosto of the North, The. Sir Walter Scott is tints called by Lord IJyron. Vtd. C/nlde JIarold (iv. 40). Aristarch of British Criticism, The. A name given to J. (r. Lockliart by I're.scott, wlio says, in his /lioi/raphtcal and Vi'ilicul MisceUunien : A prying criticism may discern a few of tlios<' contraband tpitliets and sliiisliod sentences, more excusatile in young /'clcr'-f Lcittrtt tn lii.t h'ins- fdtk, wliere indeed they are thickly sown, than in the prodin-tion of the grave Aristarch of lirilish Criticism. Aristarchus of Cambridg-e, The. A name given to i;ichar(l llenlley. Disraeli says, in liis Quarrels of Aiilloir.s : The ostt'lisible cause of tlie l)resent quarrel was incon-iderable; tlie concealed motive lies deeper: ami the |)arty feelings of the hailfrhty .'Vrislari'hns of ('anibridj;e and a faction of wits at ( )xfor(i, under the secret iiilliieiice of D< an Aldrich, ])ro\iiked tills tierce and glorious contest. Aristarchus of his Day, The. .\ name gi\(>ii to Gabriel Har- vey, a man of nnicli learning. Aristarchus of the Edinburgh Review, Tho. ^o l-'i-ancis .lef- frey has been termed. \'i'l. X'lli .s and (hi, n^ .-i (1st ser. iii. :;us spinls. j-'.acb mem- lier had a nickname, and he was known as A kis i i,, Aristotle of China, Tho. Te- bllbe -,;( iL'Oil . also c. tiled TlIK I'lti.N" i; (0 Si ii;m i;. ARI 18 AST Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century, The. Georj;e Cuvier, tlie celebrated naturalist, is fre- quently tlius called. Aristus. A nauie under which Chretien Francois Lamoignon, French president of the Parlia- ment of Paris, figures in Boileau- Despreaux's Lutrin, A Mock- IJtroic Poem. Armed Soldier of Democracy, The. A sobriquet not infre- quently applied to Napoleon Bonaparte. Armida. A nickname which ZSapoleon gave to Louisa, tlie young (^'ueen of Prussia, wife of Frederick-William III. Slie rode about the streets of Berlin in military costume to rouse the spirit of the people, and he said " she was Armida in her distrac- tion setting fire to her own pal- ace." He drew the parallel from Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered. Armida, the heroine of one of Dryden's poems, is designed for Frances Stuart, tlie wife of Charles, Duke of Riclimond. Arod, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Ahsitlom and Arhit<>ph"l (ii.), is intended for Sir William Wal- ler. Artegal. Vid. .Sir Artegal. Artemisia. A name under whicli Lady Mary Wortley Montagu has heen satirized by Pope. Arthur, in Arthur Hugh Clough's poem of the lintJii- a/ Tober-rui- ViioUcli, is intended for H. W. Fisher of Christ Churcli. Artist of the Revolution, The. An ap]iellation given to Jaccjues I.,ouis David, a French artist, and founder of tlie modern French school of painting. He was the artistic superintendent of the grand national fetes and solemni- ties of the revolution, was a warm Jacobin, and voted for tlie death of Louis XVI., for which, in ISK), lie was banished. To the period of the revolution be- long his Murder of Marat and Oath taken in the Tennis Court. Asaph, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Abxidmn and Achito- phel, represents Dryden. While Judair.s tliroiie and Sion's rock stand fast. The song of Asaph and the fame shall last. (Part ii.) Ascrsean Poet, The. Ilesiod is so called becau.se he was born at Ascra, in Boeotia. Virgil, in his Erloi/iies (vii. 70), calls him The Old AscKjiAX, and Sir John CJotton, in his lines In Memory of Mr. Waller, The AscRjiAN Shepherd. Aspasia of Lyons. A nickname given to Louisa Labe. Slie was tlie wonder of all tlie learned of her time, understood I^atin, Span- ish, and Italian, and wrote Le JJebdt de Fulie ( t d' Amour, which is supposed to have led Erasmus to write hi.s Follij and La Fon- taine his Lore and Folly. Aspasia of the Seventeenth Century, The. A name given I to Anne de Ninon de I'Enclos, a French courtesan, who retained her beauty in old age. I In tlu" incomparable animation of I his countenance : in his smile, liill of grace, archness, menace, and attrac- I tion ; in his eye, beaming with light- nings that pierced to the depths of the soul, the aged Aspa.-ia of the i seventeenth century foresaw a great destiny. Henri Martin, Hintory of 1 France. '. Astarbe, in Fenelon's Te'leinoque, [ represents in part Madame de Maintenon, the mistress of Louis XIV. Spence, in \i\s Anecdotes, says : After Madame de Maintenon and her creatures insiiiuMted it into the king that ^Monsieur l-'enelon had the insolence of designing liis majesty under the character of InoM K.N'EUS ((/. c), in his 'J'eli'nKtrlnis, and both him and the lady in part under those of I'vi:.MAi,i<).\' and Astarbk, this liiiished Ids disgrace. Astrsea. A name ajiplied to Mrs. Aphra Behn, a pojiular English AST 19 ATI! dramatic author of the seven- teenth century. Pope refers to her in tlie line The stage how loosely docs Astra'a tri-m\. ImUdtioits of Hoi-ace (H. i. -.".HJ). Astrsea. A name .<;iven to Queen Elizalx-th by Sir joliii Davics in liis twenty-six acrostics called Hi/nuis of Astrsea (loiH)). Tlie sixth hymn is: Koyal Astr.Tii makes our day Ktcriial, with Iiit l)fanisl nor may Gross (hirkiifss overcome lier! I now jierceive wliy some do write, No i-oinUry hatli so sliort a night As Kii;j;land hath in snmnier. Astrologer, The. A nickname j,'iven to Albert III., Duke of Austria, on account of bis ft)iul- ness for judicial astroloijy. He was also a stuilciit of tlicolo<;y and mathematics, and ])rcferrcd the (lUR't of bis study, nr to work with bis own bands in bisj^ardcn, to the i>om|> and splendor of his court. Astrological Richard. A nick- name i;i\eii to lticliarrother of his callfil A>trol.vi.'ieail liiihard. some few years >iiici- vlor tlie luiMtit ol' hi^' coniUiN ) most stiidiou-ly i-omii>h'd u jirofoiind Ahridfjement ii|ion luanl^, ami there in .oiiiiHi-l\ dihited of the true disci pline of lieake>. r/'/. 'rill-; A LMANACK-M AKKH. Astronomer, The. .V nickname ;_'i\eii Id Alloiisd X. of .Spain, wliM SdUu'bl to imiUdVe tbe I'tol- cinaic idaiietary tables. I'Nir this puipose Ik- .issembled at 'J'l.ledo upwards of lifly of the most celebrated astrouonu'is of tbe ai:e, and tbe results are known as tbe Alfonsinc tables. which, however, are no more accurate than the older ones. Astrophel. John Oldham is thus called in tbe i)ocms published shortly after liis death. Astrophel, in Edmund Spenser's elejiy of tbe .same name, is Sir Philip Sidney. Tbe word is compounded of I'/iil. Sid., an abbreviation of Sidney's name and at tbe same time a contrac- tion of Philos Sidii.s. By cbanj;- iuix tbe Latin >;'/(/ to tbe (Jreek Astron, we obtain Aslron-]ihilos, a lover of a star. Tbe "star" in question was Sidney's lady- love Stella, or Penelope Dever- eux, dauj;bter of the Earl of Essex. Sidney has celebrated her in liis ]oem entitled Antro- ph,rc Pnliti,;, of \\\:y{), bis all-comi)rebensive I.i riiit/tmi of ir,.")l, and some subseipient writ- ings, while this dreadful fame of his for general atheism bad been friiiu'ed latterly by a sjiecial rep- utation for ni.ithematical hetero- doxy." Atheist, The. .\ nicknanu' be- stowed on I'ircy liyssbe Shelley by his scbos'at Eton Col- 1cl;c. Houu' explains thisbysay- ioL,' thai ihe Atheist" was an otiicial ciiaracter amoiui the boys, Selected from timi' to time Ut iinpndi.ihle that Shelley's a\ii\\ed opiniiins may even then have won for him a title wbiib be proudly claimed in after-life." ATH 20 ATO Vid. also the Metricum Sympo- sium, in Blackioood's for July, 1822. Atheist Tamburlan, That. An epithet given to Christopher Marlowe, by Robert Greene. The latter had been severely satirized from the boards of the stage, and he was envious of Marlowe's success as a dramatist, though the two were afterwards reconciled. He bestows the above sobriquet in his introduc- tion to Perymedes, The Black- timith (London, 1588), where he says : I keep my old course to palter up something in Prose, using mine old poesie still, Omne iulit jmncium, al- though latelye two Gentleman I'oets made two mad men of Home beate out of their paper bucklers: and had it in derision for that I could not make jest upon the stage in tragicall buskins, everie worde filling the mouth like the faburden of I5o-Bell, daring God out of heaven with that Atheist Tamburlan, or blaspheming with the mad preest of the sonne. Athenais, a character in a novel of the same name, written by Mme. de Genlis in 1807, repre- sents Frederick Augustus, Prince of Prussia. Athenian Aberdeen. George Hamilton Gordon, Earl of Aber- deen, is so called by EjTon, in his Enr/lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers (line olO), and in the Nodes AmhrosianiB (xxxvii.), on account of his book entitled An Inqitiry into the Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture (1822): Athenian Bee, The. So Plato is called, because of the sweetness of liis style. Sojibocles has also been called Thk I;p:k of Athens and Thk xVttic PjEK. Athenian Sage, The. So War- burton, in The Dirine Legation. of Moses Demonstrated, (ii.), calls Socrates, who was a native of Athens. Atlantes of the Mathematical World. A name given to Thomas Allen, Thomas Harriot, John Dee, Walter Warner, and Nathaniel Torperley, who were the constant companions of Henry, ninth Earl of Northum- berland, wlien the latter was in the Tower of London, and de- voted their time to mathemati- cal studies. Atlas, An. So Byron, in his poem On the Death of Mr. Fox, calls William Pitt. Garrick is similarly named. Vid. B^itzger- ald, I\leio History of the English Stage (ii. .'illi). Atlas of America, The. A so- briquet applied at times to George Washington. Atlas of Poetrie, The. A name given to George Peele, the Eng- lisli dramatist and poet, by Thomas Nash, in his introduc- tory ei)istle prefixed to Greene's Me.iaphon (London, 1589), where he says : I dare commend him to all that know him, as the chiefe supporter of pleasance now living, the Atlas of I'oetrie, an(l^)/'iHain sejiarately endured by his |)re- decessors, whom neither dilHculties tire, nor dangers daunt. Atossa, in Pojie's Moral Essays (Epistle ii.), was long sui)p(iscd to be intemh'd for Sarah, Duch- ess of ^Marlborough. There seem to be no grounds, however, for entertaining such a supjjosi- tion, and the character is ])ri)ba- bly intended as a satire upi>n tiio then Duchess of Puckiugiiam. I'ope ])rol)ably bestowed the name ujion her because she was ATT 21 AUG the friend of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom in liis satires he calls Sappho. The sobriquet is made i)lain when we compare Herodotus, who says that Atossa, the (^ueen of Cambyses and of Darius Ilydaspes, by whom she begot Xerxes, was a follower of Sappho. Vid. Sappho. Attic Bee, The. Sophocles. Vid. The At hem ax IjKE. Attic Muse, The. A name be- stowed on X('noi)li()n, tlie Athe- nian liistorian, on account of the elegance of his style of composi- tion. Atticus. A character drawn to re|>ri'Sfiit Kicliavd Heber, the famous Englisli bibliomaniac, by Dibdin, in liis JllhlidiHanift, or liook-Mudiuuft, where lie says: If, like Diirwiii's wlialc wliicli swallows ' millions at a fruli)," Atti- cus should, at an auction, iinrcliasi- from two to seven liuudied vcdumes, lie must retire, li lie the IJoa Constric- tor, for dif;estion; and accordiufily lie does, for a short season, withdraw liimself from "the busy hum" of sale rooms, to cidlate, methodize, and class his newly acquired treas. ures to repair what is defective, and to beautify what is deformed. Atticus, in Pope's Epistle to Ar- buthiKit, is intended for a satiri- cal portrait of Addison, in re- venge for a fancied slight. Tiie history of tliisallair may be found in Thackeray's Lccdiri's on thf Kn), wliich now stands AVho but must laugh, if such a man there be? Who would not weep.if Atticus were firiginally stood Wlio would not >iidl there \- 1;n(;- Siiii'e that tiiii queiil ]y nl'erre. l.isii A I rnrs. Attila of Authors, The. A name given to (lusjiar Seioppius by Disraeli, in his Curiosities of Lit- erature : Seioppius was a critic, as skilful as Salmasius or Scaliger, but still more learned in the language of abuse. This cynic was the Attila of Authors. He boasted that he had occasioned the deaths of Casaubon and Scaliger. Detested and dreadekname given to Camille Desmoulins, one of tlie earliest instigators of the French Revolution, in reference to the summary executions in tlie streets, at wliich be )iresided, where the mob, taking tlie law in tlieir own hands, hanged those whom they considered their ojv ponents, by means of the long rojies whicli were suspended from the lamps. Attorney-General of the Re- public of Letters, The. A name given to Nicolas ("laude Falii de rdresc, a man famous for his large correspondence, and the advice ami assistance he gave to men (d literature. Audacious, The. A title be- stowed on Cliarles, fourth Duke of IJurgundy. Vul. TiiE Bold. Audacious Gaul, The. An eji- ithet ai)i>lied by Disra(di to Vol- taire, for his criticism on Shakes- peare. Vdl. -MlNEKVA. Augusta, to whom Lord Byron addressed s'veral Stanzas and epistles in islii, was his lialf-sis- ter, who afterwards married a Coloiiid Lei-h. Augustus is not a proper name, but simply a title bestowed (Ui Oetaviaii, because be was liead of the luic'-lliooil. In the reiu'n of Diocletian botli cmperius were styled Augustus, i.' ., sacred majesty. Siuisuiuud II., King / Fi rrani, states that Parisina ^lalatesta was his second wife, and that her intidel- ity was revealed by a servant named Zoese. Both Hugo and Parisina were l(eheade idly. He had been one of the pliysicinns to Cardinal Itichelieu, . . . and was a declared partisan of emetics. Ac- cordinj: to liayiiaud, Les ^f<'f/e(illS (Hi temps (le Ma/icre (I(i>:i), the pliysician IJrayer is meant by Malii>, because J5alus is in Freucli hrditlciir (shouter) and tlierefore tlieie is a similarity in the name; and also be- cause he was one of tiie four jiliysi- cians who held a famous consulta BAL 25 BAR tion at Vinconncs when Cardinal Mazarin was dying. I'an Laiui. Vicl. also Dkskonan'dkes, Mac- KOTON, and ToMfes. Balaam, in Diydcii's poem of Ab.sdlam mill Arhitup/ir/, rej)re- seiits llio E;ii-1 of Huntiufidon, onti of the rebels in Monmoutli's army : And, therefore. In tlie name of dul- ness, l)c Tlie well-luing Balaam. Balaam of Baron, The. An cj)!- tiict jiivcii lo Lord Bvron by Majiinn.in iiis Jili/l on th<: liutlli', wlieri; he says: Byron may write a poem, and Ilaz- litt a f.ilii r AiiKiriii, X()l)()(ly carrs a lij; lor tlie Balaam of Baron or ( oiUney. Balaam of Modern History, The. A iiicknaiiii' i;i\eii to Siirisniuiid, Kiii;,^ of (Jcriiiany, wlio, kiiiiwiiii; what was riirbt, iievcrtbclcss si'cnicd bent on do- iii;; wronu'- H'' i^ave safe coli- dilct to liiiss and .(eronic, then deserted tliiiii. anil linally sat on bis horse's saddle Lra/.infi at tiie burning; iiile of tlie'se betrayed l.ulieniians. Balafre.Le. Henri, second Duke of (iiiise. Vid. Tin: (lAsiiKP. Balak, in I>rydtn"s Ah.un- tess and held tlie earldom till her death. Her granddaughter married the eiglilh duke of Aruyle, and the (ddest son of this marriage is the ])resent .Marquis of Ijoriie, husband ()f Prini-css Louise (daughler of t,Mieen \'ictoria), and recently goveriior-ueiieial of Canada. Barbarossa, /. - ., "The Ked Ucanl." A nickname t,dven to l-'redcrick I., Knii.eror'of Cer- nian\, on account of the color of bis ln-ard. ,\. ]irince of intrcjiid \alor. coiisuniniatc iirudeiicc, unnicasureil ambition, jiislice wlijcli Iiardeiied into se\ci-iiy, tlie fi'rocilyof a barbarian, souie- \\ hat tciniiercij with a biuh ell i\ a Irons gallantry : and. abo\ e all, endowed with a strcniilb of cliaracler w Iiicb subjui^ated alike the ureal tenijioral and ecclesias- tii-al prini'es of (Jei-niany. and prepared to assert tlie Imperial riu'lils in Italy to tin- utino-t. He w as to ( len'nanv w bat llilde- braiiil wa-- to roiiedoui. 1 c/. Ki 1 I s. BAR 26 BAR Barber Poet, The. A name be- stowed on Jacques Jasmin, the last of tlie Troubadours, who was a barber of Gascony. Barca, or " Lightning," was a sobriquet conferred on Hamilcar of Cartilage, on account of the rapiditj" of liis marcli and the severity of his attacks. Bard Nantg'lyn. A title be- stowed upon tlie "Welsh author, Kobert Davies, by his admirers. Bard of Arthurian Romance, The. A name given to Alfred Tennyson, from his numerous poems founded upon the legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the iiound Table. Bard of Avon, The. So Shakes- peare is called, becaiise he was born and buried at Stratford- upon-Avon. He has also been designated as the " Bard of all times." Bard of AyT-shire, The. Robert Burns. I'ul. The Ayrshire I'OET. Bard of Chivalry, The. So Lord Byrun, in his poem The Prop/iec)/ of Dante (iii. 149), calls Torquato Tasso. Bard of Corsair. A name given to Lord Byron by Maginn, in his poem Laiw lit for Lord IJijroa, which says : Yet, bard of Corsair, Uigli-.-ljiriteil ('hilde. Bard of Erin, The. A name given to Thomas Moore, on ac- count of his Irish songs. Bard of Hope, The. Thomas Campbell, author of 7'Jie Ph-as- 'iirif: iif H'ljK . ^\ilich poem real- ized h'im t'.KX). Bard of Hyde, The. A nick- name frequently given to John Critehley I'rini'e, who, though born at Wigan, was for a long time a resident of Hyde in Cheshire. He was a tliorough Boliemian of the sliabbiest tyjie. He was born in the midst of the deepest jioverty, with a drunken bnite for a father, who thrashed him for reading, and broiiglit him lip as a reed-maker. He nourished his poetic fancies on Byron, Keats, Southey, and Wordsworth, and the intluence of these poets is seen in his Avorks. In ]S:;0 he paid a visit to France and thus learned that language in a fruitless search for employment. He then re- tiirned to Hyde, and while a factory operative published his first volume of poems. This broTight him a troop of friends, and he became intemperate. After that he sometimes worked at his trade, and frequently tramped about the country in search of employment, but his chief dependence appears to have been the Ave successive volumes which issued from his pen, and later he largely de- pended upon what he could ob- tain fronr begging letters, which he addressed to all who ho thought would befriend him. Occasional windfalls were spent in Bohemian revelry, and when he died he was living in almost abject poverty, dei)en(ling on his second wife, who labored for the comfort of tlie poor broken- down paralytic with heroic de- votion and assiduity. Bard of Martial Lay, A. A name given to Sir "Walter Scott, by Sir James ]\Iackint( sh. ]'id. Life of Mackint'jsli, bv his son (ii". p. 81). Walter Scott i> a hard of ^^nrtial Lay. The (Iisi)o>iuou tii cclcbrau' till' oliivalroiis inaniicrs and martial virtues of tlie iiiiddlo ages arose priiu-i])ally from a love of contrast, in the retined and paeilie jieri'Ml wliicli jireeedefl the Fi-ench devolu- tion. JJr. I'ercy and Tom AVarton Viegan it; it was brightened li\' a ray from the frenius of (iray; it flourished in the seventeen yiars war, which lias followed; you read it in the soul's of I'.urns; it'hrealhes throuirli Iln}ionlni(lfn and Lorhiel. "Walter Scott is a poet created by it. Bard of Memory, The. Samuel liogers, author of The Flciisurcs BAR 27 BAS of Memory, is so called l)y Sir Walter Scott. Bard of Mulla's Silver Stream, The. So Shfiistoiic calls Spen- ser, because his Irish home was situated close hy the Mulla, or Awbcii, a tributary of the 151ack- \vater. Bard of Olney, The. A name bestowed on \Villiain Cowjier. who resided at Olni y, in I?uek- in.L,dianishire, for many years. Bard of Prose, The. So IJyron calls r>(iccaccio, "lie of the Hundred Talcs of Love." Vlillde Ifiirol.l (iv. r>i;). Bard of Rydal Mount, The. A name ijivcn to William Wonls- worlh, because Kydal Mount was his niduntain iiDUie. Bard of Sheffield, The. So .James MontppuiiTy, the |>oet, is soiiietimrs callcil, Ik; bciiij; a native of that city. Bard of the Bay, The. P.obcrt Southcy is thus trnricil in tli(! Mctrifinn Sinnposiniii in Jllark- traitd's Meut, in 1 )ihdiirs niblinf/rriphiral Dernmeron. He was a bihliomainae, and liis collection was sold in 1827. It was rich in classics and lar-^e paj)er cof)ies of county histories, and containeil the celebrated Missal which was ])rsented to Isabella, (^ueen of Si)ain, by Francisco dc; Itoias, and at the sale was sold for ">()0 ;;uineas. 'Tis only Haroccio, wlio hath lirod his {Tim whidi, however, is 1 ut feebly shottcil. The rejiort of his bil)li()iiianiacal friiii was once hinder; hut of late years Haroccio hath rarelv exercisecl liis eiifriiieering skill "at book auctions. And, indeed, he may well rest sati-lieil by sta\ ing away; for his own library is exci-ed- iiigly precions, as hy means of a capa<-ious anil richly furnished purse, lu' hath leapt at once, as It were, into the possession of a verv hook-jrarden of anemones, poly- anthuses, ranuuculu>es, and roses of all colours and fragrance. Baron, The. A name given to tlu' Italian baron Iticasoli by his counfrynu'ii. "I know lands," said he, in the Italian ])arlia- ment, " w hich Italy has to con- (juer, but 1 know no one in Italy who eithir can or will f^ive U]i." Baron Bradwardine, the <^emr- ous and iiedantic nobleman in Seotfs M'lir, rl< II, is said to rejire- sent Alexander Forlies, Lord I'ilsliLTo, who was devoteil to the cause (d' Charles Kdward Stuart. Barrel-Mirabeau. This nick- name was i;ivt n to I'loniface i;i(pietti, N'iscount de Mirabeau, a brother id" the -reat Mirabeau, on account of his u'reat body and the iuimeiise inuintity of drink usually within it. Bartoline, a character in Crowne"s jday. ' I'll /'''iti.s I \i\~:,), is said to be intended tor Sir William .lones. llartoline has tlie same lispin;,' iniiicrteci enunciation which disliiiuuished the oriui- lUil. Basket-Maker, The. A sobri- quet bestowed on Thomas Mil- ler, a nati\c' of ( iain>boroui;h, BAS 28 BEA who, while thus obscurely labor- ing " to consort with the muse and support a family," attracted attention by his poetical eifu- sions. He was the autlior of A Bay in the Woods (IKHi), Gideon Giles, the Roper (1841), Fair Ros- amond, Lady June Grey, and other novels, poetical effusions, etc. Bass John. A name given to John Si)r('ull, a Scotch Presby- terian, who was for non-confor- mity twice tortured and sent to prison at Bass, wliere he lay six years. After his release he was frequently spoken of with the above appellaticjn. The Duke of York said Si)reull was more dangerous than five hundred common peo]ile. Bastard of Orleans, The. A name given to Jean Dunois, a natural son of Loiiis, Duke of Orleans, and one of tlie greatest of French generals. Bastardina, La. A nickname given to the celebrated vocalist ISIme. Colla, ne'e Lucrezia Agu- jari. Bat, in Sir Charles Hanbuiy "Will- iams' Political Sqidb, is intended to represent Allen, Earl Batli- urst. Batavian Buffoon, The. A name given by the Catholics to Erasmus. Till' .Tesuit Raynaud calls Erasmus Die Bataviiui Bulibon, and accuses him of uourisliing the egfr which Lutlier liatchi'd. Tlicse men were alike sujjposeil by their friends to be the inspired regulators of Heligion. Disraeli, CuriiLfities of Literature. Bath Roscius, The. A title commonly conferred on John Hendeison. Vid. Davies' Genu- ine Xurratire of the Life and Theatrical Transactions of Mr. John Henderson (1777). Bathsheba, in Dryden's poem of Ah.-iloi/i and Ac/iilophel, repre- sents tlie Ditchess of Ports- mouth, a favorite court lady of Cliarles II. Tlie alhtsion is to the wife of Uriah the Hittite, who was criminally beloved by David (2 Sam'l xi.). Tlie Duke of Monmouth says : My father, whom with reverence I name. Charmed into ease, is careless of his fame; And, bribed with petty sums of for- eign gold, Is grown iu Bathsheba's embraces old. Bayes, Mr. The name of a cliar- acter iu MarvelTs T/ie Rehearsal Transposed (1072), -whicli was written against the works of, and to represent the incoherent and ridiculous character of. Dr. Samuel Parker, afterwards Bishop of Oxford. Bayes, the principal character in George Yilliers the Duke of Buckingliam's bttrlesquo of The Rehearsal, first appears under the name of Bilboa, intended as a satirical portrait of tlie dram- atist Sir Robert Howard. After- wards the conception was altered so as to form a satirical portrait of Dryden, passages from wliose plays are admirably parodied in the burlesqite. Prior, in his Satire on the Mod- ern Translators, calls Dryden by tlie name of Bayes. Bayes the Young-er. So Gildon, in liis remarks upon tlie jilays of Nicholas llowe, calls tlie latter. Bear, The. A sobriquet bestowed u])(in Albreclit, ZMargrave of Brandenburg, from his cogni- zance. He is also called The Fair. In 1S80 a skeleton was discovered in St. Xicolai Chapel, in the Castle of Balh'r.stedt, which has been variously ascribed to be tliat of Albreclit above mentioned, or of his fatl;er, Otto tlie Rich. Earl of Ascania and Ballenstedt. Bear, The. A nickname given to Thomas Hobbes, tin; jihiloso- pher, by his companions, on account of his ferocious manner and his habit of swearing. The witts at Court were wont to BEA 29 BEA bayteliim; but he would make his part good, and feari-d none of thern. The King would cull him the IJeare : Here conies the Beare to be bayted. Aubrey, Letters (vol. ii.)- Bear, The. A name given by the ancient IJritish to Arthgal, the first P^arl of Warwick, in the time of King Arthur, for liaving strangled .such an animal in his arms. The Warwiclv family carry the emblem of a bear on their crest. Vul. Shakespeare, Iknnj VI. (Pt. ii. v. i.). Bear, The, in Tlip. Chahlec MS., i.s inten Henri IV. of France was calli-d, from Le lieani, his native iirovince. Beau Brummel. A niy this step his repuialii'U was made, wbieb be kept up forsiuue years, lie bad an iniinense fund of good-nature, and was tiu' au- thor of m an \ 1:001 1 but not witty sayings. His friinds pnaiounced BEA 30 BEA him a charming companion, he entered the highest circles of England, and his rise in his regi- ment was rapid. In three years he was at the head of a troop, to the disgust of older officers, who enviously admired while they deeply cursed him. In 1798 he sold his commission. His reasons for doing so have never heen thoroughly explained, hut the unsettled state of Europe at that time rendered it highly probable that his regiment might be sent into active service, and he pre- ferred a drawing-room to a bat- tle-field. He commenced the profession of a beau, and became known as " The Prince of Beaux " while his patron was called " The Beau of Princes." At this time he was perfect in point of figure, an intelligent but not handsome face, had light brown hair, a nose somewhat Koman, eyes full of fun and wit, and a beautifully shaped hand. Dress at that time had become very untidy. Many of the leading men of the day affected a supreme contempt for all outward adornment, and the mode of a gentleman's ap- pearance was to be as slovenly as possible. Brummel, who had been conspicuous from boyhood for the neatnef:s of his attire, now determined to be the best dressed man in I^ondon. He took care to display to the fullest advan- tage his fine figure, in a per- fectly fitting coat. But his chief fortf'. lay in bis cravat. Before his time nerk-cloth consisted of a piece of limp cambric, loosely fastened aroimd the throat. He took care to have them slightly starched. Standing before his glass, with shirt-collar erect, and of a prodigious height, he gently ai)plie(l the cravat to the throat. At first it measured a foot in width. Then bending down with artistic hand tlie collar, followed by his chin, with slow and regu- lar moveni(>nts, the twelve inclies were reduced to four, and the tying of the knot followed. He never tried the same cloth but once; if he failed, off it came, was thrown aside, and another tried. He may be excused for being vain, for he was flattered by kings, or their representa- tives; the Prince often spent hours in the morning in the beau's room, watching the prog- ress of the toilet; a duchess thought it necessary to warn her daughter to be careful of her behavior when the "celebrated Beau Brummel was present " ; a creditor was satisfied with a bow from a club-house window: and a word from him would ruin a tailor. He sacrificed his man- ners to his appearance, for he would not remove his hat in the street, after it had been placed in the correct position, to bow to a lady. He had a famous collec- tion of simff-boxes, and ,vas cel- ebrated for the grace with which he opened the lid of the box with the thumb of the hand that car- ried it and delicately took a pinch with the fingers of the other. This, with his bow, was his chief acquirement, and his rej)- utaticn for politeness was based on the distinction of his maimer. Ke was, in short, a well dressed snob, tut he was courted, flat- tered, and invited everywhere to such a degree that he thought himself a great man. He boasted that he had but to beckon to the Dukes of Argyle and Jersey, and they would come, and he held all but the ]ieerage in disdain. It seems strange that a man of his disposition should be tolerated even at a club, if any of the many anecdotes told of him are true."^ The liouses of the ISritish nobility he regarded as inns, to be visited liy him with valet and portmanteau, witii or without invitation, and to be s})oken of afterward as "good houses to spend one night in." He boasted of the Prince: "I nuide him what he is, and I can umnake him," just the sort of saying to irritate a brainless Prince, and BEA 31 BEA one not forgotten. Bnimmel dined with the Prince, and, car- rying his impudence a little too far, he requested the Regent to ring the bell. He did so, and, wlicn the servant came, he or- dered " Mr. Brummel's car- riage." Various versions of the quarrel have been given. It may have been the remark made some time before about the beau's having made the Regent, or it may have been his sarcasm on the Prince's corpulency ; but at any rate the bell was rung and it sounded the knell of Brum- jnel, who, however, had a little revenge. The Prince prided liimself on his figure, and, as he grew broad witli years and good living, resorted to stays to |)re- servc it. Tht; beau, nu-eting him in company with anotlier gentle- man, iuipiired very coolly, but loud enough for the Prince to hear, " Wlio is your fat friend." The coolness, j)resum[)liess " in contradistiiu'tiou of tiu' Prinee, who was called "Cieorge tiie (!ii;iter," and he I'anie to the rwinrhision that it would h(> hettir to ( n^s tlie Cliaiuiel. His l.oiuioii glc.ry lasted ln>m IT'.tS to IMii. wlieii he went to Prance and (luartercd himself on a Mr. I-eleux at Calais, l-'or a while he supported liimself by gam- bling;, ;ilid wrote letters to his friends in Kiii^land a^kill^r for riiiiittanccs, and lioirowed when and where he could. It was hoped that when the Kegent be- came king he would as,sist him, but he even pas.sed through the town withoiit noticing him. His friends had him appointed con- sul at Caen, but he wrote to England that the place was a sinecure, and that it ouglit to be abolished, hoping thereby to at- tain an ai)pointment in a gayer city. Lord l^almerstou, wishing to save expen.se, al)olislied the office, but gave no other to Brummel. About this time he received a jiaralytic shock, and his English friends raised him a life annuity of one hundred and twenty pouiuls, which he spent and was i)laced in jail for (lebt. The debt was jiaid by his friends and he was again free. At tlie age of si.xty he lost his nuMiiory and his power of attention ; hisill- mamiers became positively bad ones: he bc'came slovenly; was reduced to out; pair of trousers, and had to remain in bed till they were mended; what little money he obtaiiu'd ho lost in gambling or s]H'nt in foolish luxuries; to the end he went down to the grave a fool and a fop ; in his last days a half-witted old crea- ture, jeered at by children in the street. His friciuls succeeded in procuring admission for him into the Ili'ii'itdl liu Jynt) Smimir, and wlien the landlord of the inn where ht> lived enti'red his room to induce him to go, he found him lathering his jieruke, as a j>reliiiiinary to shearing it. ]Ie resisted e\ ery proposal to move till he had made liis pre]i- aratious, was carried downstairs kicking and shriekini,'. and as he rode into the yard he ex claimed "A prison, a iirison ! " In the hands of the exi-ellent Sisters of Charity, he recoNcrcd his s|)irits. and in some measure bis reason. Thoiiu'li Ilnininicl was ,a fool be was not ri\ cii^cfui. After his death were fniuid several packets of letters, tieil u]iwith dilTerent colored ribbons, and carefully numheied. He liad kept the BEA 32 BEA letters from his admirers, but he had kept them sacred. No prov- ocation had worked on him to publisli tliem, or use tliem to ex- tort money from the writers. Besides these he left a miniature, which, with the letters, was taken possession of hy the vice-consul ; a silver shaving-dish, a gold ring, and a few silver spoons, wliich his landlord took in liquidation of his debt for board. Beau Brummel has been made the hero of a two-act comedy of the same name, written by William Blanchard Jerrold, in 1858. Beau Brummel of Language, The. A nickname given to Martin Opitz, a German author, and founder of a school of poetry in which high-sounding words and phrases supplied the place of living thoughts. He was a Protestant but was much pam- pered by Catholic princes. Fer- dinand II. ennobled him. At his best he is only an imitator of the Italian poets. Beau Brummel of Living Au- thors, The. A nickname given to Thomas Frognall Dibdin, by some of his critics, on account of the glossy splendor and the luxuriousness of some of his works. His Bibliographical Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleas- ant Discourse vpon Illuminated Manuscripts and Early Enr/rav- ing. Typography and Bibliog- raphy was a remarkably fine work. After it was printed, the blocks from which the engrav- ings were made were destroyed by the author and his friends, to prevent the work being re- Iirinted. Beau Fielding. A nickname given to Robert Fielding, a very handsome man who Hourislied during the reigns of (Jharles II., James II., and AVilliani and Mary, and disappeared from public notice in the reign of Queen Anne. His father was a cavalier scpiire of Warwick- shire, who claimed relationship with the Earls of Denbigh, and therefore with the Hajisburgs, from whom the Emperors of Austria descended. At an early age the son was sent to London for the purpose of studying law. Vanity and a taste for dissipa- tion weaned him from his i)ro- fessional pursuits, and when, on an occasion of his appearing at court, Cliarles II. spoke of him as " the handsome Fielding," the circumstance stamped him as a fop. If we are to judge from the notices of him by his contemporaries, he was uncom- monly beautiful, turning the heads of the fair sex, both old and young, by his good looks; and a tolerable evidence of his self-love is shown by his having his portraits painted by the three greatest artists of his' time, Lely, Wissing, and Kneller. When the royalties of Scotland visited the South, they were lodged in a court convenient to Whitehall Palace, which became known as Scotland Yard, and was the most fashionable part of London. To this place Field- ing removed, after discovering he was not fitted for the law. The king made him a Justice of the Peace, and to this slight means of subsistence he added that of a gamester, at which he is said to have been immensely successful. On the accession of William and INIary he was ac- counted of no religion, and his friends had no ditiiculty in get- ting him nominated as Major- General. For a series of years he figured as the best and most extravagant dresser of London. His lackeys were arrayed in bright yellow liveri''>s with black saslies and feathers, the Ilajis- burg colors, and when he passed down the .Mall at the fasliion- able hour there was a universal flutter and sensation. He had a carriage that is described as be- ing shaped like a sea-shell, being smaller than carriages usually were, to show the largeness of BEA 33 BEA his limbs and tho grandeur of his personajio to the best advan- tage;. He gloried in the strength of his arm and leg, and, indeed, his whole body was hrm ancl strong, wliilo at tbe same time ho waH tall in stature, fair of comi)lexion, and had a manly beauty. His costume had all the graces of the Stuart i)eriod. A well cut lace doublet, the finest of ruffles, aiul the heaviest of swords. His wig was combed to iierffctifin, and in his pocket he carried a little comb with which to arranges it from time to time. He drank, swore, swag- gered, was a good ligliter as \vt'\\ as a bully, for wliicli tin; snobs of tli(( day proclaimecl him "a comjilcte gentleman," and ho numbered among bis intinuitcs half the ofhecrs and gallants of the town. His iminulence, which was unbound('(i, was not always tolerated. In tlu)se tli of Novemlier. 17(i."i. lie brought a jirii St . tiie ceremonies were perfoniicii. she stipulating that, for family reasons, the mari-iage should lie kept secret for a short time. Tin' lieau was conviiiee(l be bad niai'iied a widow with >i\t\ thousand iioiinds. when in fact he bad 1 n duiMMl by Mrs. Villars and a ceit.iin Mary Wailswortb. both women of the worst char- BEA 34 BEA acters. About this time Fielclinc; liad espoused the famous Bar- bara, Duchess of Cleveland, for- merly the dazzling and scornful mistress of Charles II., who at that time must have been in her sixty-sixth year. It seems strange that she, who had for- merly enslaved a powerful sovei^ eign, should so far demean her- self as to become the wife of a needy adventurer. The mar- riage took ijlace on tlie 25th of November, 1705, and the beau removed to his new home, Cleveland House. Tlien com- meiic( d his new trouble, for by providing two stools for his dignity he fell to the ground. The dupers became exorbitant in tlieir demands, and even pre- tended that he was about to become a sire. At last, wearied with their im])ortuniti(s, he sent for Mrs. Villars, and, on her re- fusing to deny his marriage with Mrs. Wadsworth, he not only gave her a severe beating, but told her, if she still persisted in declining to comply with his demands, he would slit lier nose, and get two blacks to break her bones. The wife claimed him on the street as her husband, and even ])resented herself at Cleveland House, when he beat her witli a stick and made her nose bleed. In the meantime, his extravagances were so great that the Duchess could not or would not supply him with money, and he barbarously ill- treated her, so that she was obliged to seek refuge from his violence in a court of law. She had been married about a year when the former wife j)resented herself and maintained the priority of her claim. Her friends determined to ))rosecute Fielding for bigamy, and he was placed at the bar of the (Jld Bailey. The Duchess offered INIrs. Wadsworth a pension fif one hundred jiounds a year and two hundred pounds in ready money to prove the previous marriage. Fielding patched up a story to prove tliat his sup- posed widow was already mar- ried, and produced a forged cer- tificate to su})port it. He was found guiltj' and sentenced to be burnt in the hand, but was pardoned by (^ueen Anne. Tlie marriage with the Ducliess was annulled, and she died of dropsy in 1709. The beau fell into dis- tress. All his eifrontery could not keep him afloat, and what became of him, and where or when he died, is not known. Steele, in 'Llie Tatler, has de- scribed him under tlie name of W Orlando the Fair," and Bulwer Lytton, in his novel JJererciix, has his hero pay Fielding a visit, after the beau had lost favor and was fallen in fortune and influence. Beau Law. A nickname given to John Law, the Scotch financier, and famous as the founder of the Mississippi Scheme, who in liis youth was celebrated for his handsome appearance. Beau Nash. A nickname given to Kichard Nash, a fashionable character of the la.st century. His father was a i)artner in 'a glass manufactory ; a man so little known to the world that it used to be hinted to the son that he never had a father. In after years Richard was sometimes rallied on the inferiority of his origin, and the least obnoxious answer he ever made was to the Duchess of ]Marlborough, who had told him he was ashamed of his parentage, when he replied: " I seldfim mention my father in company, not because I have any reason to be ashamed of him, but because he has some reason to be ashamed of me." In his youtli he attended school at Carmarthen, from which jilace he was sent to Oxford, and en- tered at Jesus College. There he was distinguished for his idle- ness, dissipation, and a love of tine clothes. At the very outset BEA 35 BEA he made an offer of marriage to a miss of the academical city, and, the affair being discovered, tlie young heau, not tlien seven- teen, was removed from the University, leaving heliind him a pair of boots, two volumes of plays, a violin, and a tobacco- box, to jiay his many debts. His fatlu'r bouglit him a commission in the army, in which ])Osition he did everytliing but his duty. He dressed siqierbly, but was never in lime im- jiarade; sjient more money than he had; diso- beyed orders, and linally found it convenient to sell his commis- sion, an' deiiglit of dandies. One half the iiit,dit w;is spent at balls and assemiijies, the other half at dic>, and he was in bed all day. Kntering his name at the Inns of Court, be became a student of the Temple. He was born with few iiersoiial attractions, and had neither a i;ood face nor a good tigure ; but he had elegant manners, an insinuating addri'ss, and he contrived to make many so-called friends, among whom were, perhajis. sonn- (lui)es. Lit- tle by little Ills reputation as a man of cult i^ ated taste and tine discernment in ceremonial usages spread among bis brother Tem- jders. and \\ lien, on the accession of William III., it was resolved by the Middle Temide to give an enlertainment to the king, Nash was selected to manage the ceremonies. lie conducted himself so ably that the kini,' otTereil to kniLTl'it liiiii. but. as the ]>refermeiit Would carry some liay with it, he respc'el fully ile- clineil, saviiiL,': " I'lease your majesty, if \ou inti'ud to make me a knii;bt, I wish it may be one of your poor knights of W'iiul- sor, and then 1 shall have a for- tune, at least able to support my title." The king did not see the force of the argument, and Nash remained \>hun Richard till the end of his life. Later in life, when Queen Anne offered tlie same lionor, he declined, and s^'id: "There is Sir William Head, the mountebank, who has j'.ist been knighted, and I should liave to call him brother! " In nu)ney affairs he was more gen- erous than just, m-ver paying a debt if he could help it, but would give the very amount to the lirst friend that begged it. There is an interval in liis life which may have been filled up by a residence in a sponging-house, or upon some kind of work, but lie accounted for his di.saiipear- ance by saying he had l)cen asked to dinner on board a man- of-war, and then the otHcers made him drunk. While in this state the sbi]i weighed aiu'bor, set sail, and carried him away to the wars. The ship went into action, he performed great feats of valor, and was wounded. This is, however, doubtful, as Nash was giv(>n to bragiring. He next appears at Hath, a jdace already famous as a liealtb-re- .sort. Here were found sharpers, gamblers, invalids, and doctors m abundance. Tlie jicoplo laughed, talked scandal, and smoked without eti(|uette; playehur-sprinL;s chanced to o]>erate successfully upon her comi'laint. which broui;bt it into more notice. In ITiC) a doitor named KadelilT. in a lit of dis- gust at Some s!'_'lil. threatened to dotroy its repniation, or. as he expresse.i it. ' to ilirow a toad into ilie spring." N.ish saw the consternation of those who haath placed his statue Ik;- tween that of Newton and that of I'opo. .V iter gaming was ))r(>- hibited lu- lived on to the patri- archal age of eighty-seven, and in his old age was garrulous and bragging, till |ieo]ih' doubted his stories. 'I'he I'ity gave him a pen- sion, and at his death his funeral was as glurious and showyasthat of any hero. His life was not without advantages to the |>ub- lic. He dilfusecl a desiri' of so<-i- ety and an easiness of address amoni; a peoph' who were for- merly eensnreij l>y foreigners for a reser\ c'liiiess of iieha\ior and an awkwaiil timidity. He taugiit familiar intei-course .among stian;;eis at lialh and 'J'uiiiiridge, wliich still subsists among theni. N'anbruu'h's coui- edv .i'.S'ji colli lins an anecdote of 'Nash, and HcMiulas .lerrs(ivii': SwoiiDsMA.N, was a title bestowed n|)on .loacliim Murat, who was distinguished alike for his handsome appear- ance and for his ai-coiiiplish- nients as a cavalry-otlicer. Beauclerc, i.<\, " a good sclwdar," is a sobri(|uef ajiplied to Heiirv 1., King >i;. Beautiful Parricide, The. J7(^ La 1!i-.i,li; I'aiiuk ii>i;. BE A 38 BEL Beautiful Rope-Maker, The. Louisa Labe. Vid. La Belle CORDIERE. Beautifyer, The. A nickname given to William Ilogartli by his enemies, on account of liis Analysis of Beauty, at, work in which he shows tliat a curve is the most natural and pleasing line. Bee of Athens, The. Sophocles. Vid. The Atiiexian Bee. Bee of France, The. A name conferred on Charles Rollin by Montesquieu, on account of the special care which he devoted to the collation and accurate cita- tion of ancient authorities. His Ancient History and History of Home are still consulted and ad- mired even after the labors of many more illustrious success- ors. Bee-lipped Oracle, The. A nickiKUiie given to Blato on ac- count of the beauty and sweet- ness of his style. T. W. Parsons, in The Intellectual Republic, Poems, says: Then Epicurus taught his gentle train The duh'et musings of a doubtful bra hi, And rhito bee-lipped oracle! beguiled His loved Lvceum, listening like a clilld. Beethoven of the Flute, The. So Friedricli Daniel Rodolph Kulilau, one of the most volu- minovis authors on this instru- ment, has been termed. B^g'ue, Le, i. <^., The Stammeuer, is a sobri(|uet applied to Louis II. of France; ]VIichael II., Emperor of Constantinople ; and Xotger of St. Gall. Bel, Le. Charles IV. and Phi- lijilK! lY. of France are thus called. Via. The Fair. Belinda, i\w, heroine of Pope's lu'roi-coniical jioem The Rape of the Lock, is intended for Miss Arabella Fc'rinor, whose lover. Lord Petre, by cutting off a lock of lier hair, created a feud be- tween the two families. It was in praise of the same lady that the poet penned the famous compliment : If to lier share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll forget them all. (Canto ii.) Bellair, a character in Etherege's comedy of The Man of Mode, in which the author is supposed to have drawn his own portrait. The same is said, however, of Medley, another person in the same piece. Belle Cordidre, La, i. e., "The Beaui;ful Rope-Maker." A nickname given to Louisa Labe, a woman of no extraordinary beauty, but of much fascination, and a knowledge of the classics, who was admired by the learned of her time, and who married Ennomond Perrin, a rope-maker of Lyons, and the street in which they lived is still called, after her, La Belle Cordiere. Belle Corisande, La. A nick- name given to Diana d'An- douins, Comtesso de Guiche, at one time the favorite of Henri IV. of France. During the life of her husband she refused to listen to the king's overtures. After his death she received his advances. ]Mrs. Forbes Bush, in Memoirs of the Queens of France, says: Instead of pursuing Th(^ enemv after tlie victory of ("outras, 1588, Henry left liis arniv, in (ijipii-itioii to the entreaties of the Pi-ince de ("ontle, to go anrt lay Ids stamlards, banners, colors, and' otlier tropliies, at the feet of La Bi:i,i,i-; Coiiisvnde. Belle Gabrielle, La. A sobri- (puH bestowed oti tlie (laughter of Antoine d" I'^strc'es, graiid- mast(u- of artillery, and governor of the He de France. In tlie latter i)art of the year I'l'.H), Henri I\'. hajiix'tied to sojourn for a night at the Chateau de Co'uvres, and fell in love with Gabrielle, who was nineteen years of age at the time. To BEL 39 BER ward off suspicion, he married her to DauuTvai de Ijiancovirt, created lier lJu(!hess dti Beau- fort, and toolv her to live willi him at court. l-'id. Mon Sol- da t. Belle Indienne, La. A name jiivcn at tin- French court to Madame df Maintenon. Thoutjh sli(^ was born at Niort, in France, she spent a part uf her youtli in Martinicpie. Belle Lumi^re des Pasteurs. So De (iarencieres terms tlie Hn^;uenot minister, .Jean de rKspaj^ne. Vid. Suuthey, T/ic hiirtur (cap. 177). Belle Parricide, La. A sohri- (piet bestowed on Beatrice Ceiiei, wlio is said to have mur- dered her father for his cruidty and brutality towards her. Bell-the-Cat. A name bestowed on Archibald Dou.^las, Earl of Aniens, from the following; cir- c'tnustance. .lames IH., who made fa\((rites of masons and architects, created a mason, nameil Cochrane, Earl of .Mar. The S<()ttish nobles hidd a coun- cil in the church of Lauder for the purpose of overthrowing; these upstarts, when Lord (Jrav asked," Who will bell thecaf.''' "That will L" I'eplied Dou.uias, and he fearlessly put to death the obnoxious minions in the kinji's presence. The allusi.in is to the fable of the cuuTiiuLj olcl mouse who stii,'- Kcsted that a bell be bun:,' on the cat's ni'ck to ^i\e notice of her a|ipro;icli to all mice. Belliqueux, Le. Henri H. of Fiance. \"nl. Tmk W AMI, IKK. BelphcBbe, in Spenser's Fni'ric (^iif > in (book ill.), represents the woni.inly chaiacier of (^>ueen Eli/.ibeili, as (lloriana, "llle irreille^l L'l"li.Ml- l^jUeelK' l)f l';eri.l:UMi.-- is intended to personify lier i|Ueenly allriliute-;. l;ei|"ili(cbe is a coniraiMii.il ,,f /). //, /'/, / . the be.iulilul Diana, and she ac- cordingly fifjures as a huntress. t'lmf. Ben .Jonson's " (^ueen and huntress, chaste and fair." Vid. also Ti.MiA.s. Belted Will. William, Lord Howard, warden of tlui Western Shindies. Scott, in Tlw Lay <>/ the. Lust Miu)r (cap. S(>). terms Richard Brome, the dramatist. Ben Sidonia, in .liiii-Ci>nii>:/sb>/, an anonymous novel jmblished in 1S4.'). is intendi'd bvr a jiortrait of lien jamin Disraeli, the; author of ('iiiiin'j.-iltii. Benaiah, in Dryden ami Tate's satire of Abs,!l<,'/n mid Arhi/nidi,-!, is intended for (lencral deorgc" lOdwanl Sackville. a zealous partisan (d' the Duke of York. Con/. 1 King^ ii. :>.'). Nor ran l!tuai.iir> worlli for^'otten lie, Of .-ti adv soul wlien imblic storms iTe liL'li ; Who-e roiiduct. while the >b)ors (ierre (iUM-t- made, .Secured al (Hire our lioiinr and our trade. ^ I'arl ii.) Benevolus, in ('owper's (loem T/ir /,,. vX, is the prololypc n{ .!obn (iMiriney 'I'liroekniorton, of W'e-Ion rilderwiiod. Berecynthinn Hero, The. So Mida--, ilo' I'livx-iau king, has been calleij; froiii Mount Bere- cyiitus ill I'hrygia. BER 40 BIB Bernardo. A character drawn to rei)resent Joseph Haslewood, tlie English bibliographer, in Dib- din's BibUomaiiia, wliere the author says : You point to my friend Bernardo. He is thus anxious, because an original fragment of the fair lady's work, which you have just men tioned, is coming under the liam- mor; and powerful indeed must be the object to draw his attention another way. 'I'lie demure prioress of Sopewell Abbey is liis ancient sweetheart; he is about introduc ing her to his friends, by an union with her as close and as" honorable as that of wedlock. Bessus. So Dryden, in his Esmy on Satire (line 242), calls John "VVihnot, Earl of Rochester. The name is borrowed from a cowardly character in Beaumont and Fletcher's play, A King and No King. Bessy. A nickname given by Tom Moore to his wife, in his poems and letters. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Dyke, and the poet was married to her in 1811, when she was very young. She is not the Bessy, however, of the poem " Fly from the World, O Bessy," for that was published in 1802, when INIiss Dyke could have been only five years old. Best Abused Man in England, The. So Jolm Dennis is called, because Swift and Pope both satirized him. Best of Cut-throats, The. So Lord Byron, in Inin Juan (ix. 4), calls Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington. Best Poet of England, The. So Voltaire terius Alexander Pope. Best Vitruvius, The. So Dryden, ill his Kjifstle A', (line 15), calls William Congreve, the drama- tist. Bestlale. A title bestowed on Giovanni Alberto Albicante. Vid. Symonds, Renaissance in Italy (Part ii. cap. xv.). Betisian Menander, The. A sobriquet conferred on the Span- ish poet Malara, in allusion to the Betis or Guadahjuivir. Vid. Bouterwek, History of Spanish Literature (p. 205). Betrayer of the Fatherland, The. Henrik Arnold Weige- laiid. Vid. The Holberg of Norway. Betty. So Dr. James Beattie is alluded to in Christopher in the Tent, contributed to Blackivood's Maaazine (ISlit)- Bewildered, The. Carlo Dati. Vid. Smarrito. Bezaliel, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Absalom and Avhitophel, represents the Marquis of Worcester, afterwards Duke of Beaufort. Bezaliel with each grace and virtue fraught. Serene his looks, serene his life and tliought ; On whom so largely Nature heaped her store. There scarce remained for arts to give liim more. (Part ii.). Bibbiena, II. A name given to Cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in Tu.scany. He was the autlior of a comedy entitled Calandra. Bibliomaniacal Hercules, A. All epithet given to Clayton jNIordauiit Cracherode, an emi- nent English benefactor to the elegance, taste, and literature of his time, by Dibdin, v\ho says, in his Bd)lioijrapliical Decam- eron : There are few names pronounced with more unfeigned re>i)ect than that of the IJililioiiiaiiiacal Hercules. . . . The reader will, in t)ie tirst place, be pleased to consider tliat in designating .Mr. Crucherode as a Hercules, it is by no means intended to convey any extraordinary ideas of the gigantic or muscular con struction of his figure, but .-inijily to impress ujiou him a notii-e of the Herculean j)o\vers of his head, lieart, and purse in matters of Alduses, Giunti, Jensoiis, and Sclioitlliers. BIB 41 IJLA Biblioteca Animata, II, i. e., " Tlie Liviiig Library." A nick- name K'ven to Antonio Mas^lia- becclii, tlio Italian l)il)liograi)lier. He was an omnifarious reader, and had sucli a remarkable memory tliat lie ao(|uired the est(!em of all the ])rinciiial men of Florcnct', and his name be- came celebrated among the learned men of the age, ho being consulted by them npon all occasions, and his oi)inions received as the best authority. Bibliotheca Ambulans. So Sir Ilcnrv Wdttoii, in his Reliquix (I>. 475), calls John Ilah>s. Bien-aimd, Le, or The Well Beloved. A nickname given to Louis XV., King of France. Tlie country had grown tired of the long reign of Louis XIV., and his death was welcouied with real joy. Tiie popularity of his successor is the occasion of the sobriipiet. Charles VI. was similarly named. Blen Fortune, Le. A sobririuet conferred on Philippe VL, Iviiig of I-'raiice, and reuiarkahle for its iiiappriipriatetiess. He was defeated at Sluys and Cr(>ssy, lost Calais, and one-f(iurth of his subjects wer(! carried ofT by the plague. Bien Servi, Le, or The Well Served. A nicknanu- given to Charles \'n. irs of the Coltnan Fanu!)/ (ii. 42.")), says: The i)lay of The Italian yfoiik had a ghost ill it, and .Mrs. (jibhs looked and acted like an angel. It was of tliis very |)hiy that Mr. Boaden was said to /litre said he had given Hilly (nicaiiiiif; William Shakespeare) the gohy; and which ever after ohtaiiied for him the sobriijuet of liilly-tlie-go- by Hoadeii. Birmingham Poet, The. A name conferred on Jolin Freeth, a iiublican of liirniingham. He was a jioet, wit, and song-writer, and sang the melodies he had composed. Bite 'em. A sobriquet given to Andre Morel let, a French satir- ist. Henri van Lann, in liis ///.is of Diiiibar and March, <'ii account of her swarthy complexion. In 1.'>.".7, BLA 42 BLA during lier husband's absence, she defended the Castle of Dun- bar against tlie English com- mander, the Earl of Salisbury. She performed all the duties of a bold and vigilant commander, and sctnt defiance the most for- midable attempts to beat down the walls, compelling Salisbury to retire with ignominy after a siege of nineteen weeks. By the death of her brother Tliomas, Earl of Moray, she inherited his estate. On her death she left two sons, one of whom became Earl of Dunbar and March, and the other tenth Earl of Moray. Black Baron, The. A nickname given to Robert ^lonro of Foulis, a Scotch noble, on account of his swarthy comjilexion. He was engaged in the wars with Gusta- vus Adoljilius, and died at Ulm from a wound in the foot. Black Dick. A nickname given to Ricliard, Earl Howe, the Eng- lish admiral who was sent to operate against the French com- mander, D'Estaing, during the war of the American Ilevolu- tjon. Black Douglas, The. A nick- name given to Sir Jaines Doug- las, on account of his swarthy complexion. Black Douglas, The. A nick- name gi\en to James Douglas, ninth ami last earl of one branch of tlie Douglas faniily in Scot- land. He early in life ejigaged in schemes against James II., and then fled to England, where he had a ])ension from the crown and was made kniglit of the gar- ter. In 14.S4 he leagued himself with the exiled Duke of Albany, and invaded Scotland, when he was taken prisoner at Loch- maben. On being brought be- fore the court he turned his back ui)on the king. Tlie compas- sionate James III. spared his life on condition of his taking the cowl. He then entered the monastic seclusion at Lindores, where he died in 1488. Black Dwarf, The, tlie hero of the novel of the same name, written by Scott, was a picture to some extent of David Ritchie, in reality a pauper living in a solitary cottage sitiiated in the romantic glen of Manor in Pee- blesshire. His person coincided singularly well with the descrip- tion of the novelist. He had been deformed and horrible since his birth in no ordinary degiee, which was probably the cause of the analogous peculiari- ties of his temper. His counte- nance, of the darkest hue, was covered with a long black beard, while his piercing black eyes, which were sometimes, in ex- cited moments, lighted up with wild and supernatural lustre, gave him a terrible appearance. His head was conical and oblong, his brow retreated immediately above the eyebrows, and threw nearly the whole of it behind the ears. The meaner organs of his brain were well developed, while his long and aquiline nose, and his mouth wide and contemptu- ously curled upward, showed him to be cruel aiul obstinate. His body was short and muscu- lar, his arms long and of great power, and, tlioui;li he could not lift them above his breast, yet they were of such strength that he had been known to tear up a tree by the roots, which had baffled the united efforts of two laborers, who had striven, by digging, to uproot it. His legs were short, and bent outwards, and his feet were so much de- formed that he endeavored to conceal them frosn sight by wrapping them in immense masses of rags. His parents, who were poor, at an early period of his life placed him with a tradesman to learn brush-mak- ing, but he soon left his jilafe, on account of the insu])]iiirtal)le notice which his uncouth form BLA 43 BLA attracted in tlie streets. ITe re- turned to tlie valley of liis Itiitli, constructed a liiit, fuinislied it with a few coarse liouseliold uten- sils, niadecliieliybyliisown liands, and began to form a fiarden. In the cxiltivation and aoornment of this spot h(! displayed a degree of taste and ingenuity that niiglit have lifted him for a higher fate than the seclusion of a hermit- age. In a sliort time he tilled it with a jirofiision of fruit-trees, vegetables, and flowers that made a gem in the surrounding desert of moss, and was often visited by travellers who passed through the neighborhood. Shut out from the symi>athy of his fellow-t reatur<'s'by his ugliness, the care of his garden became liis only jdeasure. It is said that he once M'litnred to exjiress his afTection for a woman, but was r(>jected with scorn ; the insult sunk deep into his heart, and ho became a (omi)lete misaiitbroiie. The sense of his defornuty liaunt<- pensity to jeer at and jjcrsecute him. To strangers he was often H'served, ciabbed, and surly, and ev<'n towards persons who had been his greatest benefactors Ik; frc'inently betrayed much ca- l)ri<'e and jealcmsy. Ih^ liad always tlirougli lift; a curious trait of sniiei^tiliiin. Not oidy did be ]ii;iiit abiMit his house, g,arden,:nid his intended grave the moiintain-ash, but he ne\ cr went abroad without this singular antidote, tied round with a red lliread, in bis jioiUet, to pre\ent the ' )// nn . Itesjijes his ])h.\si- cal appejiaiic the novelist has gi\ en but iili le ol till' leal man in bis story, where he is called Plowed I>avie. Cannie I'.lsbie, The Wise Wight of Mucklestant; Mtlielale Mr. Blackwood, who, on tliat occa.-loii, for tlie first time, had justice done to his jierson al character by the lilack Hussar of Literature. Blacli Jack. A nickname given by his troojjs to (ieiieral ,Iolin A. Logan, on account of his long black hair and ilark complexion. Black King, The. A nickname given to Henry 1 II. of ( iermany, on account of the culur of his hair. Black Knight of Ashton, The. A name given to Sir Ralph Ashton, or Assheton. Tlie tyrannical manner in which lie le\ ied bis tenants drove them to desperation, and he was killed. Since then in the borough of Asliton-undci-L\iie an annual ceremoliv is held called the " Riding of the Rlack Rail." Black-Letter Tom. So Thomas Frognall Dibdiii, the antiquary and biblioLiiaiilicr. is termed in the X^u-h s Anihr.'snii,:i (iv.). Black Pope, The. So the Ital- ians have iiicknaiiieil the .Jesuit ( ieneral Peter P.cckx. Black Prince, The. Ivlward. Priiic.' of Walr-. the son of K.lward IIP, i^ thus called. Froissart (c. lii'.'i slates that he was "sIvI.mI Mai k by terror of his arm--." and Stnitt as-^erts that " tor liis martial deeds he was surnaincil lilack." Meyrick !ind .siia\s. hoNWM'r, are inclined to believe that his armor was anvthing but black. BLA 44 BLE Black Russell. A nickname given to Rev. John Russell, of Kilmarnock, Scotland. A large, robust, dark-complexioned man, fierce of temper, and of gloomy comitenance, preaching with much vehemence, and at the height of a stentorian voice. His furious intolerance brought him under the la.sh of Burns, who, in his poem The Holy Fair, says : But now the Lord's ain trumpet touts. Till a' the hills are rairin. An' echoes back return the .shouts; Black Ku.ssell is no spairin: His piercing words, like Highlan swords, Divide the joints an' marrow ; His talk o' Hell, whare devils dwell, Our vera souls floes harrow. Black Smith of Trinity. So Churchill, in his poem The Can- didate (line f)19), calls Dr. Robert Smith, For faith in mysteries none more renowned. Blackbird, The. So Lord Byron, in Don Juan (dedication iii. 4), terms Robert Soutliey. Blackbird and Bonny Black Boy are sobriquets under which we find Charles II. alluded to, in Allan Ramsay's ballads, etc. Vid. Larwood and Hotten, His- tory of Sif/nboards (cap. v.). Blackbird of Buchanan Lodge, The. So John Wilson calls himself in the Noctes Ambro- siame (Ix.). Blackbirdy, The. A nickname given to J. i\I. W. Turner, while he resided at Twickenham, by the boys, from his chasing tliem away from the blackbirds' nests, which were plentiful in his gar- den. Black-Mouthed Zoilus. So Bishop Hacket of Lichfield, in his Life of Archbishop Williams (l(i92), designates ISIilton. Blacksmith of Antwerp, The. A title given to the Flemish artist Quentin Matsys. On his monu- ment, outside of the cathedral of Antwei'p, is the inscription ; Connubialis de Mulciber facit Apel- lem. Bladamour, the friend of Sir Par- idel (q. '.), in Spenser's Faerie Qiieene, is intended to represent the Earl of Northumberland, one of the leaders in the northern insurrection of 15()9. Bladder of Pride New-Blowne, This. An epithet conferred on Gabriel Harvey. Vid. This Mud- Born BUBULE. Blasing-starre of England's Glory, The. Sir Philip Sidney. Vid. The Syren of This Lat- ter Age. Blaspheraer, The. A title given to Oliver Cromwell. Vul. Mas- son, Life of Milton (iv. liX!). Blaspheming Doctor, The. So Dr. John Wolcot, in his preface to Pindariana, or Peter's Port- folio, calls Dr. Samuel Johnson. Blasphemous Balfour. A sobri- qviet bestowed on Sir James Bal- four, the Scottish judge, on ac- count of his apostacy. Blazing Star, A. So Bishop Will- iam Warburton is called in a letter from Dr. William Cuming, of Dorchester, reprinted in Nich- ols' Illustrations of the Literature of the Eif/htcent!i Century (ii. 840) : ' And wliom we may compare, not altogether improperly, to a blazing star that has a])peared in our liemi- sphere, obscure his orifrin, resplen- dent his liglit, irregular his motion, and his period quite uncertain. With such a train of quotations as he carries in his tail, and the eccen- tricity of the vast circuit he takes, the vulgar are alarmed, the learned puzzled. .Soniethiiifr wonderful it certainly portends, and I wish he may go oil' without leaving some maliirnant influence at least among us, if he does not set us on tire. Blear-Eye. A nickname given to Robert II., King of Scotland, and first of the royal line of Stuart, on account of a defect in one eye. Blear-eyed, The. Anrelius Braiulolini. Vid. Il Lippo. Blest Swan. So Abraham Cow- ley, in his poem On the Death of BLI 45 BLO Richard Crashaw, terms the latter. Blind, The. Vid. It Cieco. Ludwig III., Emperor of Ger- many, is termed " the Blind." " Blind bard who on the Chian strand, That," etc., is tlie de- scrii)tion under wliieh Homer tiji;- ures in Coleridge's poem of Fancy in Nuhibu.s. Blind Harry, a Scotcli minstrel of the tiftf'cnth century, and author of tlie Adrcnturcs of .Sir William Wallace. He made his living by reciting portions of it before company. A MS. of this work exists, dated 1488, written by John Ramsay, who also tran- scribed IJarbonr's Bruce. It is a poem of 11,.S.")8 lines. Blind Old Man of Scio's Rocky Isle, The. So IJyron calls HoiiK^r, in Tlie Bride o/' Abi/dos (ii. _'). Blind Preacher, The. William Henry Milburn, the author and clergvmau, is frefjuently so called. Blind Traveller, The, is Lieuten- ant .lames Hiilman, the author of s(-vcial works of travel. Blinking Sam. An epithet given to Samuel Johnson. Disraeli savs, in The Literary Charac- ter : Even flic robust mind of Johnson could not sullcr to be cxliiliitcd as blinking.' Saiu. He was (iisjilcascd at the portrait Hivuolils j)aintc(l of lihn, wliicli dwelt on liis near-sifrht- ciliiess; (leclaiiiij; tliat "a man's defects slioulil never be i)anite(l." The same (hfeet was made the sub- ject of a caricature particularly allu- sive to critical ]>njudicis in his Lire.i <>/ till' /'(((7.S, in which he is pily BLO 46 BOC carrying out the orders of his superior officers. Bloody Mary. A popular appel- lation of Mary, the daughter of Henrj' VIII. by Catharine of Aragon, and Qiieen of England in 155.'5. She received the name on account of the revival, during her reign, of the sanguinary laws against Protestants, no fewer than two hundred persons being burnt at the stake in the space of four years. Bloody One-Handed, The. General Loison. Vid. Maneta. Bloody Queen Bess. So Will- iam Cobbett called Queen Eliza- beth. Vid. Timbs, Xotabilia (p. 58). Blue Dick of Thanet. A sobri- quet conferred on Richard Cal- mer, the iconoclast of the Eng- lish Commonwealth, because he wore blue in opposition to black, which he detested. Vid. Wood, Fasti; Calamy, Abridgment of Mr. Baxter's Life and Times (vol. ii. oS8, ed. 1713) ; J^^otes and Queries (1st ser. x. 47), etc. Bluff King Hal. Henry VIII. is so called from his bluff and burly manners. Blundering Broug-ham. BjTon satirizes Henry, Lord Brougham, in the English Bards and Scotch Beviev:ers, vmder this name. Brougham had severely criticised Byron'S Ihmrs of Idleness in a paper in The Edinburgh Review (xxii.), and the poet in revenge alludes to him in the lines : Beware lest blundering Brougham destroy the sale, Turn beef to bannocks, cauliflower to kail. Bo-ho. In Skelton's satirical poem Sjieiikf J'arot, King Henry VIII. is ridiculed under this name, and Wolsey as Hough-no, both being represented as dugs. The parrot was the court bird of the tinu% and the author makes him relate piquant satire on personages of the age. Bo-peep. A nickname given to William Drummond of Haw- thomden by his companions, Ben Jonson, Drayton, et at. Vid. Drummond's Works (ed. of 1711 introd. life p. ix.). Boanerges, A. So De Quincey calls Edward Irving. Vid. Fields, Yesterdays with Authors (p. 380). Boar, The. So Shakespeare calls Kichard III., from his cogni- zance : The wretclied, bloody, and usurping boar That spoiled your summer fields and fruitful'viues; . . . this foul swine . . . lies now . . . Xear to the town of Leicester, as we learn. Richard III. v. 3. Boar of the Forest, The. A name given to James Hogg on account of his rough manner. Scott, in his Diary, May 11, 1827, says : The Boar of the Forest called this morning to converse about trying to get him on the pecuniary list of the Koyal Literary Society. Certainly he deserves it, if genius and necessity can do it. Boaster of Crimes, The. A name given to Philippe, Due d'Orleans, of whom Henri Mar- tin, in his History of France (xv. 3), says: Among the intimate counsellors of this prince was one that stood out in strange relief from all the rest, from those partakers in the suppers of the Palais Royal, whom Philippe, the boaster of crimes, glorified in his way by styling them his roues (broken on the wlieel) because they " deserved to be so." Bob Lee. A nickname given by the soldiers of the army of Northcrji Virginia to the Con- federate commander, General Pobert E. Lee. Boccaccio of the Nineteenth Century, The. Marc de Mon- tifaud. tlie author of Entre Messe et Vcjircs, etc., lias been so called, on account of the erotic nature of his writings. Boccaccio of the Provencal Language, The. .An epithet conferred on John ^lartorell, a BOE 47 BOL Spanish autlior. Sismoiuli, IaI- erattire of the South of Europe (i. 170). says: It is to him tliat tlieir Hgiit style of prose c, wlicn but a ln.'i ills father took ])ossession of the titles and lands of Hnr- gundy, bestowed tliein on this yonniiest son, and then laid tlie foundation of the IJiirj^iindian power, whicli for many years was a trotiblo to the French kini;s. and delayed the tinion of tliat fair province with the kinic- (lom. I'liilij) thus became the first Duke of Ihifj^andy, of a new line of s (, 1477. With his life ended the long suc- cessful resistance of the great French vassals to the central jMiwcr of the monarchy, and the power of the House of ihirgundy, which cominenced with Charles' great -g'and lather I'hilip the IJold (7. r.). His ambitious de- sire for fame was insatiable, and tins it was that induced him to be always at war. more than any other motive. He ambitiously ilesired to imitate the old kings itnd heroes of anti(iuily, whosi! iietions still shine in history. His cour:iue was eipial to any ]Hince's of bis time. He bad a viuoroiis I'niisl ilutiiiii and great gifts of iiersMiial lieauly. His eyes were clear, thougii with depths of latent lire in llh'in : bis fa<'e ina-;sive and >-tea(lf.i--t aiel of a I'icii brown tint ; hi^ hair thick and eiirlin^ stitliy; liut thi< line fac( uld u'l'ow dark anil s \ ere \\ hen the uniii-r- BOL 48 BON nature was aroused ; then it was terrible to see. He has been a favorite subject for the drama and romance. Scott introduces him in liis Anne of Geiersteiii and in his Qiientin Burward. In the latter he says: Charles, surnamed the Bold, or rather tlie audacious, for his courage was allied to rashness and frenzy, then wore the ducal coronet of Bur- gundy, which he burned to convert into a royal and independent re^al crown. He rushed on danger be- cause he loved it, and on difhculties because he despised them. Bold Briareus. So Handel, the composer, has been termed. Bold Briton, Our, in Dryden's prologue to The J'ilfjnni, is in- tended for Sir Richard Black- more. Bolingbroke is a name Ejiven to Henry IV., King of England, from his having been born at Bolingbroke, in Lincolnshire. Bolt Court Philosopher, The. An epithet conferred on Samuel Johnson, who lived in Bolt Court. Peake, in his Memoirs of the Colman Family (i. 394), says : The gigantic Johnson could not be easily thrown out of the window, but he deserved to be " quoited down stairs like a shove-groat shil- ling " ; not exactly, perhaps, for liis brutality to the boy, but for such an unprovoked insult to the fatlier, of whose hospitality he was partaking. This, however, is only one among the numerous traits of grossness, already i)roinulgated, in which tlie Bolt Court riiilos()])her conijiletely falsified the principles of the Roman Poet . " ingenuas didieisse fideliter artes, EmoUit mores, nee sinit esse feros." Bomba. Ferdinand II., King of Najdes, was called King Bomba on account of the great depreda- tions committed by his orders during the bombardment of Mes- sina in 1848. Similarly the name Bombalino (?. e., " Little Bomba"), or Bomba II., was bestowed upon his son, Francis II., for his bombardment of Palermo in 18G0. Bon, Le. Jean II., King of France. Vid. The Good. Bon Roi Ren^, Le. A name given to the last minstrel mon- arch of France, the son of Louis II., and the father of Margaret of Anjou. Thiebault states that he gave in largesses to minstrels and knights-errant more than he received in revenue, and Scott similarly describes him in his novel of Anne of Geiersteiii (cap. xxix.). Boney. A popular nickname given to Napoleon Bonaparte at the beginning of the present cen- tury. Boney Cobbett. A name by which William Cobbett was fre- quently referred to, on account of his admiration of Napoleon Bonajiarte. Bonne Reine, La. So Claude, the daughter of Louis XII. and Anne de Bretagne, is designated. The greengage is called by the French Iac Reine Claude, out of compliment to her. Bonnie Chevalier, The. Charles Edward Stuart. Vid. Tnv. Pre- tenders. Bonnie Dundee. A name fre- quently given to John Graham of Claverliouse, Viscount of Dundee. In the eyes of the Jacobites he was a brave and handsome cavalier, the last of the great Scots and gallant Gra- hams. His beavttiful and mel- ancholy visage and his gallantry made him a favorite hero in their ballads. Witli the Cove- nanters he was a far dilfereut man. Bonnie Jean, the heroine of much of the jKietry of Burns, was Jean Armour, afterwards his wife. Bonny Black Boy. Charles II., King of England. Vi'l. Black- bird. Bonny-Bootes, who frequently ocoirs in madrigals in pi-aise of Queen Elizabctli, has been iden- titied both in the Earl of Essex BON 49 BOU and in a certain Mr. Hale. Vid for an extended account of these ballads, etc., Xuli's and Queries (1st ser. iv. la^-rw). Bonny Earl, The. A name under wliicli .Tames Stuart, second Earl of Moray, figures in history and ballad poetry. Book Prodigy of His Age, The. A name ;j;iven to Maj^lia- becchi, on account of bis exten- sive knowledge. Disraeli, in The Litrrari/ tharaclcr, saya: Jlufrliabccchi, the book jirodigy of his affc, whom every litcrHry striin- evT visited at Klorciicf, assurt'd Lord Haley that tlic Diiki- of Tuscany had bccoinc jcMJous of the attention he was receivinf? from foreigners, as tliey usually went to visit .Maglia- becehi before tlir (jrand IJnke. Booted Head, The. A nick- name gisen to l'bilii)pe de Comines, author of tlie volumo of Ml iiHiirs which gives us the picture of the times of Louis XI. and Charles VIII. of FraiH'<'. W'lu'U he was resi. BOU 50 BRA Bouffon Odieux, Le, i. e., " Tlie Odious Ijuffoou." A nickname given to Jean Baptiste Lully. Vid. Un Coquin Tenebrf.ux. Boustrapa. A nickname given to tlie Emperor Napoleon III. Tlie word is formed from the first syllables of lioiilogne, Stras- bourg, and Paris, and alludes to bis esca])ades in 18:5(i and 1840. Boy-Baccalaur, The. So Cardi- nal Wolsey was called, on ac- count of bis extreme yontb wben lie took bis degree. Vid. Au- brey's Letters. Boy Bachelor, The. A name given to William WottoU; D.D., who was admitteatriot. Brave Jersey Muse. So Cow- ley, in his Miscellanies, calls William Prvnne. BRA 51 BRI Bravest of the Brave, The. A sobrifjuf't coiifcnvd on Marshal Ney 1>}- the tr(K)])s of Frieilland ill IWT, on account of his fearless bravery. Brazen Bully, The. So Dr. Jolin Wolcot, in liis Connniscr- (.iliiifi Ejiir-tli' to Lord LiDiS'hdi', calls Sir James Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale. Brazen Defender of Corrup- tions, A. So William Cobbett called (ieorj^e Canning;. Vid. Timhs, Xoliibilia (p. 5 examine it. a gi'iieral murmur of disa))]irohatioii arose because the figures were all nude H<' refused to rej)aiiit it and give clothes to iiis men and women. Daniel da Volterre was employed to do it, and was, on that account, called "the breeches-maker." Brewer, The. One of the nu- merous nicknames bestowed on C^romwell by Mnrchaiiiont Need- ham, in the bitter's ])eri(idical, the M' ri-nniis J'rio/tiintii-iis (rinn l(;4'.i). Brewer, The. .\ nickname given to Samuel \\'hiliiread, one of the leaders of the Whig jiariy who conducted the im]ieachnient of Loid Melville, in ISd."). lie was tlie son and successor of an extensive brewer in London, and for niiiiiv \e;ns sat in parliament for tlie borough of liedlnrd. Melville was aci|uiited, and his friends in I-Minburuh celelirale/ (Ju- bricl Rii-hiinhon, which says: Here Brewer (iahriel's tire extinct, And (iiiptv all his harrels : lie's hiest if, as lie brew'd, he drink In iiprij:ht honest morals. Brewer of Ghent, The. A name bestowed on .lames van Arte- velile, a brewer by trade, who, having comp(dled"the Count of Flanders to take refuge in France, formed an alliamc with Edward IIL of iMigland, and strove to transfer the Flemish sovereignty to the Black I'rince. lie was killed in a j^jjiular tu- mult at (Ibent, in V-'AT\. Briareus of Lang-uages, The. A name ajiplied to Cardinal Mez/ofaiiti. who w as iici|iiainted with tifty-eiuht ditVi rent toiiuMies. Byron calls him "a walking ])olyglot ; a monsterof laimuages ; a ]!riareus of i)arls of speech." Briareus of the King's Bench, The. A name gi\(ii to Sir James .Scnrlett, Lord Abimrer, by William .^I.lginn, who says: I Iiine L'r;ij>iih il ilh tliiit I?riarens of tile Kilc'^ 1 ten I'll, e\ iillilii. .1 ellllliy (<]. r.) ;i> he i~ (.llle.l, ;llld if lie think- he liMs had the he-t of it, wliv, I cini cinl'. >;i\ ;rO(i.| luck to him. If, like ihe ji:ir-oii ill .losoph An.h-ew -, I -heulil a-k him the jihiin (jiic-iinn l',,llid:i t"i, what's your name y he wniiM -tMiid dunih rniitii.i iji ciirti not awnrd in liii) jaw. BRI 52 BRI Bricklayer, The. A nickname given to Ben Jonson by his con- temporaries. Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (i. 326). Brigade, La. Vid. The Pleia- des OF France. Bright Luminary, That. An epithet which Anna Seward frequently gives to Erasmus Dar- win, whose life she wrote. Brilliant, The. So Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her Pilijrimn;ies to Enf/- lish Shrines (p. 44), calls llupert, the third son of Frederick, King of Bohemia. Brilliant Fontanges. A name fiven to Marie Angelique de coraille de Koussille, a mistress of Louis XIV. The title of Duchess of Fontanges was conferred on her. She ren- dered Iierself remarkable by her jew- elry and by the extraordinary style of her head-dress, which lias pre- served the name of Fontanges, the only memorial she has left to poster- ity of her ephemeral reign. Bush, Queens of France. Brilliant Madman, The. Charles XII. of Sweden. Macedonia's madman, or the Swede. 3 ohmon, Vanity of Human Wishes. Bristol Boy, The. Thomas Chat- terton, who was born at Bristol. He is also referred to as The Marvellous Boy, and Words- worth, in his poem Resolution and Independence, says: I thouglit of Chatterton, the mar- vellous boy, The sleejiless soul that perished in his pride. Britain's Josiah. So King Charles I. is named in a royalist pamphlet of 1()4<). The full' title is: 2'he Subjects' Sorrow: or Lamentation iipon the death of Britain's Josiah, Kinr; Charles, in a Sermon on Lam. ir. 20, by Dr. Juxon, Bishop of London. Vid. also Ellis, Ori^/inal Let- ters (2d. ser. iii. 254), and Notes and Queries (1st ser. i. 1.37). Britannicus. A nickname given to Marchamont Needliam, in the Mercurius Britannicus, his Wel- come to Hell (1(547). Vid. Wood, Athenx Oxoniensis. British Aristides, The. Andrew Marvell is frequently thus called. i British Bayard, The. A name ! given to Sir I'hilip Sidney. I British Cassius, The. So Thom- son, in 2'he Seasons, " Summer," calls Algernon Sidney, because of his republican principles. Cassius conspired against Julius Csesar, and Sidney was one of the judges that condemned Charles I. British Cicero, The. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, is some- times designated bj' this title. British Homer, The. John Milton is so called on account of his being aliiicted with blind- ness, and from his position among the English poets. British Jeremiah, The. So Gib- bon calls Gildas, the author of De Ej-cidio et Conqueslu Bri- tannise. British Juvenal. A name some- times given to Charles Churchill. He is so called in his epitaph, published in The Cambridge Chronicle (17(34). Our Juvenal, who, whatever might be the vehenu-nce of his declama- tion, reflecleii always thoe opinions which floated aljout lam. Disraeli, Quarrels of A uthors. British Pallas, The. The Duke of Marlborough is designated by this title in Cobb's poem Tlie Female Rei'/n (vii.), reprinted in Dodsley's collection. British Pausanias, The. A name given to William Camden, the anti(juary. lie is also called Thi JjKrnsH 1'liny. British Poussin, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Kicliard Cooper, the painter and en- graver, celebrated for his views of Windsor. British Roscius, The. A name given to Thomas Betterton. BRI 53 BRU Cibber says of him that "lie alone wa,s born to speak what only Shakespeare knew to write." David CJarrick has also been called so by Dr. Wolcot, in his Fare vu II Odes to Royal Acade- micians (x.). British Samson, The. Thomas Topliam, the son of a London carpenter, is so called, on ac- count of his great stren)j;tli. On May '_'S, ' 1741, he lifled three hogsheads of water, weigliiiig over l.S(M) i)ounds, in the presence of a crowd of sjiectators assem- bled in r.ath St., Cold Bath Fields (Kng.). Brother Fountain. In the cor- resi)ondencf between Cromwell and Sir Henry Vane, the younger ( 1( oO-,") 1 , etc.), the for- mer ]s usually styled likoTHEH FoiNTAiN, and the latter iJi'.oTH- EK Hkkon. I' id. Musson, Life <>/ Milton (V. I'l-'J). Brother Heron. Sir Henry \'aue, the younger. ('/(/. Bkoth- EK FoUMAlN. Brother Jonathan. Jonathan Trumiiull, Coveriior of Connec- ticut, noted for liis common- Sense ami integrity, was the original Itrotlier .lonalhan, tlie po]>ular rei)resentaiive of the peojile of the liiited States. lie was a native of Lebanon, a grad- uate o( Harvard, a merchant, and for many years a member of the Comiectieut Assembly. He was chosen lieutenant-governor, and, having espoused the i)0]iular cause, anil having refuseil (ITds) to take the oath of otliee en- joined by Parliament, he was elecird governoi- the yiar follow- ing, and ri'-elfcicd fourteen eou- seeutive \iars. lie did every- thing in his power to secure tlll^ indepelidi IlCi' ipf the CojoniiS, and was implicitly trusted and consult. -d by Wasliington in emergencies. Winn the (leneral was sadly in want of amnninilion, he called ;i council of oliiccis, none of \\ hom could olTer anv practical suggestion. " We must refer the matter to Brother .Jon- athan," said Washington, allud- ing to Trumbull, who proposed a way of remedying the ditH- culty. From that day Trumbull was known as Brother Jonathan, and in due time the name w;is aijplied to the whole nation. The governor looked a good deal like the symbolic caricature now familiar to the world. He was tall, gaunt, sharji-featured, and for full tlress wore a swallow- tailed hom s t,< Rmjal Arad- (inicimis (xiii.), thus calls Mar- tin Luther. Brown, The. A Tiicknamo given to liobert Mackay, a (iaelic Foet, on account of his hair, fe hail but very little educa- tion, but acipiired from oral recitation a wide and exact knowledge of Highland tradi- tions. He entered a ngiment of Sutherland Higlilandcrs and was nuide bard of the force. When he died his remains were hon- ored with the burial of a chief. Bruce of the Fourteenth Cen- tury, The. .V nanii' given to Sir .loim d<' Man.leville by Disraili, who sa>s, in bis Antrni- tii a "/ I.Hi ratnr,' : Alamlev ill.' w:i< tlie I'.nice of tlie fcmrteeiitli cticiirs ; m~ often calinn- iiiiited, ami e\eii riilirulrd. I'he iiicist iii^'ciiuoiis (if \ ci\ n;.'irs lias liecii ciiiiiliiuiicil a- an iiile fatmlist ; the nio-l caiiliciu-. a~ crechilon- to fatuil> ; an^l a \iiliiini- nf a jri inline writer, whi.li Ira^ lu-iii tran^lalid into cviry Knrnpean lanj.'iia^'e, lias lieeii forniallv lejictcd fr.Mii the eolhclioii of aiillientie trav eN. Brummagem Johnson, A niek- BRU 54 BUL name given to Dr. Samuel Parr, in JJlackicood's Magazine (181!'), because he imitated Dr. Samuel Jolinson's manner and conversa- tion. Brutus. A nickname given to John Felton for his assassination of the Duke of Buckingham, as he was supposed to have freed tlie country of a tyrant. Brutus of Our Republic, The. A name given to Sir Arthur Hasilrig (UiOO). Vid. Masson, Life of Millon (v. GGl). Buck Brummel. A nickname given to George Bryan Brum- mel, when he was a school-boy. Vid. Beau Brummel. Buckinghamshire D r a g- o n, The. Canning gave this name to Lord Nugent, and it is also employed in T/ie Xoctes Am- brosianSB (xliv.). Buddha of the West, The. So Oliver Wendell Holmes, in a poem entitled Emerson (1883), calls the latter. Bufo, in Pope's Epistle to Dr. A)-- butlinot, was imagined by War- ton to he intended as a satirical portrait of Lord Halifax, though Koscoe hasshown that it cannot so be referred. Bufo is described as Fed with soft dedication all day long. Bufo, in Beattie's poem On the lieport of a Monument to be erected in Westminster Abbey to the memory of a late author, is intended for "Charles Churchill. Bull-Dog' of all Circumnaviga- tors, The. So Dilidiii styles George, Lord Anson, who " loved nothing better tlian triugli contests by land and sea." Bull-Dog of la Valli6re, The. A name given to Abbe? Jean Joseph Kive, who was librarian tf) the Due de la Valliere, a most magnificent book-collector. When the knowing ones at the duke's house were wrangling about some literary or biblio- graphical point, the duke would say, " (Jcntlcmen, I'll let loose my buU-ddg," and Sent into tiiem the abbe, who speedily put them all to rights. The abb^ had great parts and great appli- cation ; but in misapplying both he was his own tormentor. Buller of Brasenose. A name bestowed upon John Hughes, au- thor of An Itinerary o/ the lihone, by John Wilson, in the Xoctes AmbrosiansB. Hughes, however, belonged to Oriel College, Ox- ford, and not to Brasenose. Bull-faced Jonas. A nickname given to Sir William Jones, an English lawyer, and a member of Lincoln's Inn. He was ser- geant-at-law in KJdi), solicitor- general in 1G7.'3, attorney-gen- eral in 1(575, and soon after entered Parliament as represen- tative of Plymouth. He was weary of royal persecutions, and such plots as the Eye House were a burden to his mind. He became chief leader in introduc- ing into the House of Commons the bill for excluding the Duke of York (afterwards James II.) from the throne. He felt, how- ever, that his action, while for the well-being of his country, was not consistent with the decortim of a servant who had, in times past, received positions from the crown. The people of his iiarty, knowing him to be the greatest lawyer of England, and seeing him, who was generally of a very warj' or ratlier timor- ous nature, take hdld of the bill with a vehemence not natural to him, concluded that it was safe and sure. Mainly through his exertions it passed the House of Commons, but was cast out by the Lords through the intlti- ence of the Bishops. This save rise to one of those satirical State Poems, which says: Sir William endeavorM, as much a^ lie could. To shew that the Bill wa.< for the Duke's good, For that di^iiihiTits the man we would kill; The l?ishi)ps, the Bishops have thrown out the bill. BUL 55 r.uz Lator, wlicu attending a meet- ing of some of the leadinf; men of liis party in liiickiiiuham- sliire, lie was taken sick and died. Naturally, lie was a man of a morose temper, had no taste for flattery, and was not in favor of the action of his kin;; and tlio court. He had a rou;;!iness of dejiortnu'iit that was disagree- ahle, but lit heart he was a good- natured man. The ((uickness of his thdiight, and his knowledge carried his views far alie:id of his contemporaries, while the sourness of his temper made him apt to suspect and despise most of those wlio came to him. It was Dryden, who was given to flattery, and trying to win favor from the cnurt, that applied the nickname to Jones, in his Al)sii- l(im a))'l Ac/iiioji/ii'l (lines 5SI, 582), whire he says: Not hull f;ici(l .louiu*, who cotilii sliitulfs (lr;nv To nicnii rclnllion, and ninkc treason hivv. Bull-necked Forg-er, The. So C'agliosiro the Charlatan has heen lallcd. Bull Run Russell. A nickname ((intriniitiionsly ai)pli(' tliirbt from the ISull Run battle- tb-ld. Bull Speaker, The. A nickname given to Ralph .\niner, an Eng- lish composer of the seventeenth centurv. Viil. Hilton, Citrh thut r/', reprinted in l)ooneiits to (iilbert Burnet. Butcher, The (djezzar). A name bestowed on .Velimed I'asba, famous f^r his defem'e of .\ere against I'>onai)aite. He is said to have decapitated his seven wiv( s all at oiiee. dolin, ninth Lord ClilTord, is called Till, r.fic HKi!, and also TlIK I!l.\iK. Butcher's Doj?. The. So Skel- lon, in bis poem. W'Ini rom,' iir in>,/.' calls' ("ardinal Thomas \\'..ls'y, whose father \\as a buteh' 1-. Buzzard, The. in lhvart iii.). is intended for Dr. Burnet, who was stout of body. CAC 66 CAL O. Cacus, a name applied to John Dennis, by Disraeli in his Calam- itieft of Authors : Having incurred tlie public neg- lect, the blind and helpless Caciis in his den sunk fast into contempt, and dragged on a life of misery, and in his last days, scarcely vomit- ing his tire and smoke, became the most pitiable creature, receiving the alms he craved from triumphant genius. Cadenus, in Swift's poem Cade- vns and Va'i)'s./ the ]'ul(/(ir Tdnijue. Captain in Lace, The. A nick- nanu' jriven to Charles Ilonieck. hrother to Goldsmith's friend Mar Ilorneck, called The Jes- SAMY ISkidk ('/. r.). Captain in Music, The. So Fraiu'is Meres, in his I'alladiB Ttuiiiit, calls P)oetius. Captain Louisa. A name given to Louisa Lahe, a wonnin of various acc(]m]ilishnu'nts ; viz.: knowieiige of the ilassirs, abil- ity to write verses in Latin, French. Spanish, Italian, atitlior- ess of sonH poems, a tine luta- nist, ami an excellent rider. She aspired to ilistinciion in arms, and in male aliir(> conducted ht>rself courageously at the siege of I'crpignan. Captain Rag. .\ nickname given to IMiiiund Smith, the iMiglish ]ioct, when be was an under- graduale at Oxbinl, jiartly on acciiunt of his lieini; so great a sloven, and also from the tat- tered condition of his gown, which was always ll> iiig in rags about biui, and to conceal \\liich he wore one end of it in his jiocket. Tlie name clung to him tbi-ou-li lite. Captain Whirlwind. .\n epi- thet which Carlyle, in his /,//< ft' .h}(n St,r'.iii'i, confers on Fr\, In- bad eutiielv ili\e-t8), refers to him as " an odde foiile- moutlule Knaue, called Charles, the Fryer." Carlo Khan. A nickname given to Charles Jamrs ^^>x, in 178;^, when be was introducing his famous India Rill, from the sup- ])ositi<)n tliat be ahned to l>e- cf)me .sui)reme dictator of tlie East. Caro Sassone, II. A nickname given to tiie (lernian conii)nser Johanu Adolf Hassi; by the Ital- ians. Carolina Game-Cock, The. A nickname given to the Ri'volu- tionary General Thomas Sump- CAR 59 CAT ter, a fitting trilmto to liis gal- lantry and fighting ijualitics. Carotid - artery - cutting'. So I>yron, in Don Judu (x. 50), calls Visoount Castlereagli. Carpentrasso, II. A sobriquet of Eliazar Vicnct, a coniixiscr of tiie sixtf<'ntli century. " His Lamcntalions were so favorite as to keep those of Palestrina out of the pope's chapel for many years." Casa Wappy, in David Machetli Moir's poem of tiie same name, represents the author's infant son, who died after a short ill- ness. "Casa Wappy'' was a l)et name for the child. Casca, in Ijord Lytton's ])oein, 'ti'iririI, or the Sfrt I.. Kin- of Asliiiias. I'erdinand 11. of Arai^ou ami his wife Isalidla, ()ilicii of <'a-<;ile, are all dclioiii- iiiatcj hv this sol]|-ii|iiit. CathollrOS. A title conferred on .Iran \' 1 ., a pat riaii'li of A rini'nia in tlie iiiiilh century. !'/a.ssion. His brilliant success at Sor- bonne, the solidity of his theo- logical attainments, and the merits of his sermons, caused him Xo be looked upon as a livinc of the highest order; wliik; th<^ charm of his tongue among the fair ladies cau.sed them to forget that he was a little, iild not trust him, and the kiiiir feared him. lie left l.i'liiiid liim a Volume of .1/(/y/i /;-, .-,-, in wiiicli, thoimh he was till' leailer of a cah.il r.ilhcr than a party, he has drawn pictures of his lime CAT 60 CEL which are unrivalled for their vividness and quick and witty reflections. Even there, how- ever, he has sought to deceive posterity about the part he played, and in which he failed. Catin du Nord, La. Elizabeth Petrowna, Empress of Russia. Vid. Thk Infamous. Cato of the Age, The. An epi- thet applied to William Pryuue. His activity, and the firmness and intrepidity of liis character in public life, were as ardent as they were in his study his soul was Roman; and Eachard says that Charles II., who could not but admire his ear- nest honesty, his copious learning, and the public persecutions he suf- fered, and the ten imprisonments he endured, inflicted by all parties, dig- nified him with thotitle of the Cato of the Age; and one of liis own party facetiously describes him as William the Conqueror, a title he had most hardly earned by his in- flexible nnd invincible nature. Dis- raeli, Calamities of Authors. Cautious Tyrant, The. An epi- thet given to Cardinal Richelieu: Supported only by his genius, he had to preserve his sway over a prince impatient of a subordinate position; to keep under incessant control an aristocracy always ready to rebel ; unblest with one "brother- feeling; draw the support of the Huguenots to the state; ruling a nation wluch did not understand the real object of the sacrifices to which he obliged it, and which at first sight appear arbitrary and exces- sive; he accomplished his aim, an aim that can stand the searching scrutiny of public opinion; and placed France at the liead of Euro- pean nations. To do this lie worked cauti()u-j Victor and Cazire, represents his cousin, Miss Grove, an accomplished young lady, to whom he was strongly attached, but with whom he was not allowed to communicate after his expulsion from college. The book was publi.shed in 1810, when the poet was scarcely .seventeen years old, and, althotigh the pseudonymous title suggests two authors, it was nevertheless the work of Shelley only. Some of tlie pieces are boldly plagiarized from Monk Lewis. Cean Poet, The. A name given to Simonides, who was born at Ceos. .Similarly, Anaereon is called The Ts;iax 1'oet, from his birthplace, Teos, in Ionia. BjTon employs both sobri(juets in his 1)0)1 Juan. Cecilia, a character in Charles Auchester, a novel by Elizabeth S. Sheppard, is intended to rep- resent Mendelssohn's sister Fanny. Cecilia, who occurs in Robert Schumann's musical essays, The Jlariilshiiiidler, is intended for Clara Josephine Wieck, after- wards Madame Schumann. Celim^ne, the heroine of Moliere's comedy Le Misanthropi', is said to have been a jiortrait of his wife, whose maiden name, was Armande-Gresindf Claire Elisa- b(>th Bejart. On the JOtJi of Feb- ruary, l()i;2, he married her, and, as he was then forty and she only twenty, the marriage proved a must unhap])y one. He was deei)ly in love with his wife, but she was gay, fond of tlattery, and very fascinating, which caused him many a sorrow. The relation in wliich Moliere stood with his wife at tin' time of the appearance of this comedy gave to the exliibition a i)ainfur interest. The levity and extravagance of tliis lady had for some time transcended even tliose liberal limits \vlacli were conceded at that day by the complai- CEL 61 CER sance of a French husband, and they deeply affected the happiness of tlie' poet. . . . T)ie respective parts whicli they performed in this piece correspond precisely with their re- spective situations; that of Cell- nifene, a fiiscinatiuff, capricious co- quette, insensible to every remon- strance of her lover, and selfishly bent on the gratHication of tier own appetites; and that of Alceste, per- fectly sensihle of the duiilicity of his mistress, wliom he vainly hopes to reform, and no less so 'of the worthiness of his own passion, from which he vainly hopes to extricate himself. The coincidences are too exact to be considered wholly acci- dental. I'rescott, liioyrnphical and Critical .\fi.irell4), c:ills William Cif- ford, tiio author of the linnnd and Mwjind. Censor of the "World, The. A name assumidby I'ietni .Vntino, an ingiiiiims satirist lint nnprin- cipi'il man. lie loudly trnm|i('t- ed his intention of spealving evil when and where it phasi d him. He ])rnchiim('(l himsrjf tlie champion of vrracnty. assert. eror of the F^ast. 1'/'/. I'ut- tenhain, Arte of Kni/li.sh I'o'sie (bk. iii. caj). l!i). Cerberus, A. A name given to I'ietro Aretino by J. A. Sy- nionds, in T/ie Iien, rejiresoiits Colonel Ilewson, a oiie-eyerl idhbler. anil after- wards a prearliir in the Kunii) army. Tlie jioci speaks of iiim as " renown 'li in S'lig." and there, are numerous iiallads extant which celelirale him and his stall. Ceremoniou.s, Tlie, The sobri- (|Uet of I'eter 1 \ . of Ar.ig'm. Cervetto. The niikname of Cia- como l;assc\i, .1 ech'brated vii>- loiiiello player of the bust ceii- turv. CHA 62 CHA Cha-abas. A name under which Louis XIV. of France figures in a work called M^moires Secretes pour servir a I'llistoire de Perse (Amsterdam, 1745), which says : Clia-abas had a legitimate son, Seplii-Mirza, and a natural son, Gia- fer. Almost of the same age, they were of opposite characters. The latter did not allow any occasion to escape of saying tliat he pitied the French being some day destined to obey a prince without talent, and 80 little worthy to rule them. Cha- abas, to whom tliis conduct was reported, was fully sensible of its danger. But autliority yielded to paternal love, and this' absolute monarch had not sufficient strength to impose liis will upon a son who abused his kindness. Finally, Gia- fer so far forgot himself one day as to strike 8eplii-Mirza. Clia-abas is at once informed of this. He trem- bles for the culprit, but, however desirous lie may be of feigning to ignore this crime, what he owes to himself and to his crown, combined with the noise tliis action has made at court, will not allow him to pay regard to his atlVction. Champion for Homer, Our. A nickname irivcn to Nicholas Des- preaii.x; Boileau, on account of his defence of the classics, es- pecially Homer. This epithet was applied to him by M. de Valincour, in his eulogy on Boileau before the French Acad- emy, Champion of Human Law, The. So Arber calls John Sel- dcn: It fell to his lot to live in a time when the life of England was con- vulsed, for years together, beyond precedent ; wlien men searched after the ulimate and essential conditions and frames of human society; when each strove liercely for his riglits, and then dogmatically asserted them. Amidst immense, preposter- ous, and inflated assumptions; through the liorrid tyranny of the BvMcin of thnrniif/h ; in the exciting debates of Parliament; in all the storm of Civil AVar; in the still fiercer jarring of religious sects; amirved his memory in various satirical allu- sions. Cheeryble Brothers, The, in Dickens' novel of Xicholny: Xir/,-- lihii, are generally identified with the lirotliers (Jrant, the Cdtton-mill owners of Manches- ter. Chelonis, in Southerne's tragedy of l III' Siiiirtcii Ihiiitr, is said to rr'prcsent Mary, the wife of ^Vill- iain III. of England. Cheronean Sage, The. So Beat- tie, in his pnem 77/r Mi/txtril (ii. x.K.xvi.), calls IMutarch. Cherub Dicky. So Fit/.gerald, in his \iir U'lKtoni >-, calls Kicliard Suett, the cometliau. Chevalier, Le. A name given to ("harics lireyilel, the Flemish laiidscajx'-painter. I'Id. also Tuk t'AVAI.IKK. Chevalier, The. So Churchill, in his ]ii)cm 7V/'' dli'.sl (iv. 'joli, calls .loim TaN lor, a (juack ticu- list; A< well iinjiarcil, hi'voiid all (loiil)t, in pill ill f\ cs a- put Iln-iii (int. Chevalier Bayard of Our His- tory, The. A siilii-i(|uct cmi- fcrrcd on Sir I'hiliji Siiliicv. \'i'l. Arhcr. .1/i Kfiihsh dnrn'' r O.VM). Chevalier d'l^on, Le. lv>ii cl.- lliaumont, tlu; l-'rciich warrior. Chevalier de St. George, Le. James Francis Edward Stuart. Fi'i. The 1'retendkks. Chevalier sans Peur et sans Reproche, Le. An eiiithet commonly applied to Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de Bayard. Chian Father, The. So Aken- side, in one of his odes, terms Homer. Chiara, who occurs in Robert Schumaim's musical essays, The Ihivtdghundbr, is intended for Clara .rlied to Ez/olino of Vicen/a, a tyrant of Padua, by Ariosto, in ills Orlando Furioso (iii. X>), who says : Fierce Kzelin, that most inhuman lord, Who sliall be di'cmod bv men a child of lull. Child Of Nature, The. A name given to Oliver (ioldsmith. I'oor (iolil-iiiitli, the rliild of Xa- turc, could not rc-i-t alti-iiii)ling to execute iiiarlial law, by caiiiiig the critic; fur which being blamed, be imbli-bed u defeiici' (if liiiii-elf ill the papers. Disraeli, ('(i/ainilies of Aiitlii>i:-<. Child of the Atisonian Muse, The. A title given to Edmund Spenser. Spender, tlie father of so iiianv poets, i- hiln-elf the child (if the Aii-.iniaii Mii-e. Disraeli, Tin' Lit. iriirij < 'hiinirtir. Chinese Gordon. .\ nickname gi\fii to ( ieiieral Charles (ieorge ( lordoll. Ill l>i'l when 1 1 Ullg-tSlle- scliueli was leading the rebel- lious Chilli se oil to victory, driv- ing the army of the government before him. aiiil, liaviiiu' caii- tured Nankin, establislied him- self in royal state, and jiriv- claimed liiiiisidf as ruler, the king ai>plied to the British gov- eiliiiieiit to send tlieinali oliicer CHI 64 CHR fit to take command and quell the rebellion. Gordon was sent, and at once purged the army of incompetent oHicers, improved the discipline, and then, instead of acting on the defensive as the Chinese liad done, he carried the war into tlie enemy's country. Fighting his way through tre- mendous obstacles, hampered by treacliery and jealousies in his own camp scarcely less tlian by the tire of the enemy, he coni- pletely crushed a most formi- dable rebellion and restored order and peace to the empire. What is perhaps the most striking in Gordon's career in China is the entire devotion with which the soldiery served liim, and the im- plicit faith they had in the result of operations in which he was personally present. In their eyes he was literally a magician, to whom all things were possible. They believed him to bear a charmed life. He was made a mandarin of the tirst rank, but he declined all iiecuniary reward, and, after the rebellion, remained in the country only long enough to disband his army. His ex- ploits received no official recog- nition whatever in England, ex- cepting the promotion of one grade. In 1880 he was again called by the Chinese govern- ment to Pekin to give his advice in regard to the threatened war between that country and Russia, and there is little doubt that his counsel averted the war. Chits, The. In Lady Ilussell's Letters, under date of June 12, 1()80, occurs the following pas- sage : The three chits go down to Al- thorpe, if tliey can be .-ipared. "The Chits" is a nickname bestowed on the three chief min- isters of that period, Laurence Hyde, (Jodolphin, and Sunder- land, the last being the owner of Althorpe. There is an old political ballad containing the lines : But Sunderland, Godolphin, Lory, These will appear such cliits iu story, 'Twill turn all politics to jests, etc. Chloe, in Po{)e's Moral Esxays (ii.), represents Lady Suffolk, the mistress of George II., who had offended the author by neg- lecting to confer some favor upon Swift. Lord Chesterfield describes her as "])lacid, good- natured, and kind-hearted, but very deaf, and not remarkable for wit." Vid. Cloe. Choleric Herault, A. An epi- thet bestowed on Ralph Brooke, the herald of the county of York in the beginning of the seventeenth century, and an opponent of Camden. Chouan, Le, i- e., Thb: Owr,. A nickname given to Jean Cotte- reau, a leader of the unorgan- ized legitimists who canied on a kind of guerilla-warfare in Bretagne and Poitou, in 179;5. They attempted to put down the revolution and restore the Bour- bons to the throne. His fol- lowers were called Chouans. 17'/. The Great Bullet- He ad. Christian Atticus, The. Regi- nald Heber, Bishop of Calcutta. Vid. Atticls. Christian Cicero, The. Lucius Ca;lius Lactautius, an eminent Christian father of the fourth century, who obtained this name for his many writings in vindica- tion of Christianity. Christian Philosopher, The. A nickname given to Dr. Thomas Dick, the Scotch ])hi]anthropic theologian and scientist, from his ellorts to dcnumstrate the compatibility and harmony of all tme pliilosophy witli the Christian plan of redemjition and the life to come, and from the success with which he has ex[)lained the iihilo.sophy of re- ligioiL Christian Seneca, The. A name ai>plie(l to Bishop Josejih Hall of Norwich, from his senten- CHR 65 CLA tious manner of writing. Gran- ger says tliat " lie was justly celebrated for his piety, wit, anil leaniint;." Vid. The English Sknkca. Christian Virgil, The. Marco Girolauio Yida, the author of Chri.slias, in imitation of Vir- gil's ^Kiicid, is so called. Chronomastix, in Ben Jonson's masque of Tinic Vindicated {l(i2;<;, is ])rohably intended to reiirtsent George ^Vilher. Vid. Masson's Lifr af Milli>ii (i. I'.TO). Chrononhotonthologus. A nickname given to (ieneral John Hiufioyne, on account of a pomixius address which he de- livered to tlie American Indians durint; the Revolutionary War. Chrysologros. St. I'eter, Hishop of Ravenna. ]'id. Thk Golden- TO.\a|itiste Massillon is frequently thus termed. Cicero of Germany, The. So Tarlyle terms Johann III., Elector of Brandeiihurg. Jo- hann Sturm, the (Jerman siiraiit, is sometimis called The Gi:h- MAN Cm KI;o. Cicero of the British Senate, The. (ieorge Canning receiveci this nam(;, on account of his oratoiical powers. Cicero's Mouth, riiiliiqie Pot, luiiiie minister of I,<.nis .\ 1 . Vid. 1,A I'.olf MK ni: ( K KIJdN. Cid. The. An .\rahic word sigiii- fving " Lord," iierhaps a eorruj)- lion of Said. The name is usual- ly applii'd to Don K'-deiig,, I.aviie/, l;uy Dia/., Cdunt of Rivar. Cieco, 11, /. c. The I'.i.iNn. A .solii-iciuft bestowed on l^'iancesro ]!ello, and the Italian poet Luigi (iruto. Clgnus de Corde Benignus. So (iowcr styles Thomas Wood- stock, Duke of (iloucester, who liad a swau as suj)porter of his arms. Cincinnatus of the West, The. Georg(! Washington is so called by Bvron. in his Ode to yajtolcon (xix. (i). Circe of the Revolution, The. A nickname given to .Madame Roland, on account of her inllu- ence, especially over the Ciiron- dists: The power of her ijcr-^onal charms was great, but that of her voice \v:is greater. Those who lieani it once could never forget its low dear ring, so mellow and so deep. Her talent.s were great, but greater was her spirit, bold as a hero's, but with all the temierness of a woman. It wiw her genuineness which made her great and gavi- litr intluence, and in all Idstory tliere is nothing more re- markal)le than tlie intluence of this engraver's daughter. Citizen King, The. A name given to Louis Philippe of France, becaiisf! the citizens of Paris (dected him in IS,;(). Citizen Thelwall. .\ nickname given to .John TlKdwall. an Kng- lish lecturer on iiolitirs and po- litical history, and a reformer. He was tried for high-treason for .some of his utterances, and ac(iuittc(l, in ITHi. City Bard, The. So John Drv- den.in his /'/. /Wee /,, i/,r l-'ahlt'i'. calls Sir Richard Rlackniore. City Laureate, The. A title given to Klkanah Settle, the I.oet. Clarinda is the name under which a .Mrs. Maclclidse c(irres|>.inded for siimc time witli Robert Rurns. who iiad met her in IM- iiiburgli, at the house of a com- mon friend. Classic Hallam. So P.yron. in his I'.ihilh'i l:,ir.l.<. d.'-sigiuUes Henry Hallam, the liistorian and essayist . Classic Rambler, The. So l>r. Wol( oi, in his h'ju.^lU (> ,hniu ,< CLA 66 COA Bosioell, calls Dr. Samuel John- son. Classic Sheflaeld. So Lord By- ron, in his English Bards and Scotch Berkwcrs (line 425), calls James jMontgcmery. Clemens Non Papa. The sobri- quet of Jacques Clement, one of the most renowned musicians of the sixteenth century. " The sobriquet itself is a proof of the reputation of the man, since it was intended to distinguish him from Pope Clement VI., and in one of tlie chief collections of the time he is styled ' Nobilis Clemens non Papa.' " Grove. Clemente, La. A sobri<|uet ap- plied to Elizabeth Petrowna, (Jueen of Russia. Cleon. So Byron, in his poem C/iildish Recollections, calls Ed- ward Noel Long. Clerante. A character in Charles SoreFs Ex'-rucaijunt Shepherd, wliich represents Gaston d'Or- Icans. Clio. A nickname given by his contemporaries to Joseph Addi- son, from his letters in The Spec- tutor under this pseudonym. Cliquot. A nickname given to Frederick William IV.. King of Prussia, from liis fondness of champagne, the S(>bri(iuet being the name of a celebrated brand. Cloe. So Prior calls Mrs. Cent- livre. Vid. Chloe. Clopinel, or The Hobbi.er, is a name given to Jean de Meung, who wrote the sequel f)f tlie Romaunt de la Rose, at the be- ginning of the fourteenth cen- tury. Clove. A character in Ben Jon- son's Ererij Man Out of his Hn- nioiir, drawn to satirize John IMarston, the English play- wriglit. Clownish Sycophant, The. So Lord Byron, in a note to tlie ded- ication of stanza vi.of Don Juan, calls William Wordsworth. Clumsy Curate of Clapham, The. So Churchill is called by Eoote. Vid. The Proteus. Coal-heaver Preacher, The. A name frequently given to Will- iam Huntington, born in the W^eald of Kent, wliere his father was a day-laborer. The boy worked in various ways, and while he was employed at one place he carried coals on tlie river, at ten shillings a week (hence the nickname). He felt that he was called t(j preach and became an Arminian preacher. It suited liis purpose to represent himself as living under the spe- cial favor of Providence, and thus he was able to work upon the credulity of those whom he covild i)ersuade to believe in him. His popularity increa.sed with a certain i)art of the people. His friends settled him in a country-house, stocked his gar- den and farm, built him a chapel, presented liim witli a coach and pair of horses, and subscribed to pay the taxes of botli. His wife died, and he married Lady Saun- derson, tlie widow of tlie Lord ZSIayor. His sermons were some- times of two hours' duration, but were more like talking or story- telling. He excelled in extem- pore eloquence. Having for- mally announced his text, he laid his Bible aside, and never referred to it again, as he had every possible text and quota- tion at his lingers' ends. He in- dited his own epitaph, in these words : Here lies tlip ('o:il-lie;ivcr, Beloved of his (ioil, but abliorred of 111(11. Tile Omniscient .ludpe At the (iniiid As>ize sluill rectify and <'onfii-ni this to tlie Confiisidu of iiKiiiy thousiinds; For Knjrlaud and its ^letrojiolis shall know That there hath lieen a prophet Among them. Coal-master, The. Lord Dur- ham is so called in the Xoctes AmbrosianiK (Ixix.), because his \COB 67 COL property consisted largely of coal-inines. Cobbett of his Day, The. A name bestowed on Maroiiiunont Necdliam, an Ent;lish })<)litical writer. Disraeli, in liis Vuriusi- tirs of LiteratKi-c, says lie was " the great patriarch of news- paper writers, a man of versatile talents and more versatile poli- ties ; a bold adventurer, and most successful because the must protligate of his tribe." Cobbler Laureates, The. So I^ord livron, in his Units fro)ii Ilonici- (line7:;4), calls tlie broth- ers Robert and Nathaniel Bloom- field. Cobbling Wonder of Ashbur- ton. The. So Dr. .John Wolcot, in his postscrijit to Lonl Aufk- liinil's Triutiqili, calls William GitTord. Cocher de I'Europe, Le. A name bestowed by tlie Empress of Kussiaon the Due de t'hoiseul, minister of Louis X\'.. because he ruled the ])olitics of Europe through liis iiununirable spies. Cock of the North, The. A name t;iven to tlie Duke of (lor- don on a mouuuu'Ut eri'cted to his memory at Eoi habers, in Aberdeeiisliire. Cock-eye. .\ nickname nivon by his soldiers to (!eui ral lienja- min K. Uutler, on ac<()unt of one of his eyes beinj; alllieted with striiln.siiiu.'!. Codrus. A nickiuum' ajiplied to Elkanah Settle, by I'ope. in his earliest satire. V.i t/ic Aiifhar af II I'iii III iiitilliil " SiK-cea.^io," where he says: ."'un M;i\ ins ooiiicd Mirviiis to the full, Ami ('li.irilus tiui^'ht ('(xlrus to be (lull. Coeur Bas, Le, /. '., Tmk I'.ask lii:AKr. .V nickname j;iven to .Ie:ill I'.aptiste I.ullv. I'l'l. L'.V Co^i IN 'ri;NKm;K.tx. Coeur de Lion, or TnK Lion- MKAKiKD, a surname bestowed on King Richard I., for liis bravery. Louis VIII. of France ami Roleslas I. of Poland are some- times similarly designated. Coffee-house Muse, The. Char- lotte IJourette. Vid. L.a. Muse Limoxadikhk. Cole, Mrs., who occurs in Foote's ])lay 17te Minor, is intended for Mrs. Douglass, a notorious per- son of the last century, who re- sided "at the north-east corner of Covent Garden.'' Coleorton, who occurs in Words- worth's sonnet xxix., was a man named Mitchell. Colin Clout, in Sjtenser's poem of Colin (Jloiit's Come Ilonw A;/tiin, represents tlie autlior himself, who had returned from a visit to Sir Walter Raleigh. He is so called by Po]ie, in the hitter's second i)astoral, .""////(Hjcr (lineiV.l) ; by .Mason. in his monody Miixiriiy; and Thomas Edwards, in his L'Hiiriiif to ('fphdlns and I'roi-ris (l.-)!!.")), says : Collyii was a inifrlity swain. CoUine. .Jean Wallon, the au- thor of /.' ('li'i'ijv '(' 'S'., etc., was the original of the philosci)her Colline. the comic hero of Mur- ger's Sri'iii-.^ ilf III Vie ...//, says: - I'hi- was calli'd \n wav ,,( txcv]- liiHf liic (lull, and I liilirve it coiilinue.s under tlie .suiiie uuiiie to COL 68 CON this day. Here, too, Walter had liis sobriquet; and his corduroy breeches, I presume, not being as yet worn out it was Colonel Grogg. Colonel Newcome. Major Car- michael Siuitli, the second hus- band of Thackeray's mother, is believed to have been the proto- type of this character. Colossus, A. An epithet some- times given to Cardinal Riche- lieu, on account of liis great power. Mrs. Forbes IJush, in her Queens of France (ii. 103), says : As long as Richelieu had been of service to her, Marv de Medieis pro- tected and assisted in aggrandizing him, but when she saw the power of this Colossus, slie was afraid of her work; his influence excited her re- sentment, which grew at length into hatred, and she determined ou his fall. Colossus of English Philology, The. A nickname given to Samuel Johnson, on account of his dictionary, by Dibdin, in liis Librury Companion, where he says : At length rose the Colossus of English Philology, Samuel John- son; having secretly and unremit- tingly formed his style upon the basis of that of .Sir Tliomas Browne. Colossus of Independence, The. An appellation given to John Adams, on account of liis influence and efforts for colo- nial independence, in the Conti- nental Congress. Colossus of Literature, A. A name gi\en to ISishop William AVarburtdii, fin account of his great learning. When Warburton was considered as a Colossus of Literature, lialpli, the political writer, pointed a severe allusion to tlie awkward figure he makes in these Dedications. The Colossus liiniself creeps between tlie legs of tlie late Sir Robert ."button; in what posture, or for what ])ur- pose, need not be explained. Dis- raeli, Quarrels of Authors. Columella, in Richard Graves' novel of the same name, repre- sents the poet Shenstone. Commander of the Faithful, The. This title was assumed by Omar I., and retained by the caliphs, his successors. Commentator, The. A name given to Averroes, a physician and pliilosopher of the twelfth century, who wrote a commen- tary upon Aristotle. Common Sense. A nickname given to Oliver Goldsmith in a political sqttib in a newsjiaper. Vid. Sir Charles Easy and The IjIter.a.ry Castor. Common-wrealth Didapper, The. A name given to Marchamont Xeedham, in The Character of the Rump (KUiO), a scurrilous pamphlet. Vid. ^lasson, Life of Milton (v. 6.")i) and IJTI). Compirito, II. Pope Nicholas III. was so called. VuL The ACCO-MPLISHED. Comte de Gondreville, Le, in Balzac's no\el of I'ne Te'/iehreuse Affair/', repri'sents the Count Cie'ment de Ris, whose mysteri- ous adventure in IbOO puzzled Europe for years. Comus of Poetry. The. A name sometimes given to Lord Byron. Conacher. A character in Scott's Fair Maid of Perth , whose char- acter the writer founded u]ion that of his brother, Daniel Scott. He was the scajiegrace of the Scott family, whose character was in the last degree imjirudent, and whose fate was disistrous. In the West Indies he disgraced himself by cowardice. L'pon liis death tiie novelist put on no mourning, as he had already disowned hiin a conduct, how- ever, that he regretted after- wards, thinking he liad been too bitter and liarsh against a brother. Confidant, The. A nirkname given to Johauu "Wolfgang von CON 69 COP Giithe by some of bis neigbbors, after be bad separatc^d from Aniiettt! and rJretfben, concern- ing wbicli, in bis Aiitobidf/rajihij (part iii. book l.l), lie says : But men will live; and hence I take an honest interest in others; I sought to disentanj;le their einhur- rassnients, and to unite wliat was about to i)art, that they niiffht not have the same lot as myself. Tliey were hente accustomed to call nie the contidant, and, on account of wanderin;; about the district, the wanderer. In i)roilu(in>r that calm for my ndnd, wiiiturm- Ueil , still remains. I'his half-non- sen>e I san;x aloM(lf in a lerrilic storm, which I was obli^red to meet. Conqueror, The. The following; pcrsdiiau'cs liaNC been vested in tbis ss- nian I. of Turkey; I'i/aiin, the Cniniiieror of I'cru; .'^olevmaii II. of Turkey: and. lastly, 'Will- iatii. Iiike of N [loor ( Un's e.xalta tioll. IJut why, none with certainly know. Constable de Bourbon. A so- bri(pict conferred upon Cbarles, Duo du Bonrl)oniiais, a celebrated tlioiii^b unfortunate Frencli commander of tbe sixteentb cen- tury. Contemplateur, Le. A nick- name fjivcn to Molieie, tbe Frencb dnunatist, by bis friend Boilcau. His Iminorwas always perfectly comic, but bis face in- dicated a iiKdanclioly, sad, and pensive man. His jdiysiof;- noiny betrayed a traj^ic ratber than a ccnnic ]ioct. Conversation Cooke. A nick- name ^iveii to \\'illiam Cooke;, a newspaper writer, and author of ConrcrMitimi, a didactic poem. Conversation Sharp. A name ;;iven to iiicbard Sliarp, the critic. Converted Jacobin, The. So Lord I'.yron, in a note to the dedication of slaii/a vi. of /'"/i J, inn. calls William Words- worth. Converter, The. A title be- stowed on r.eriiard de (!alen, who was r.isliop tant>, he jrot lam^elf into such I'elebrlty that he apjuars to have ser\ ed a-^ an i xcelhiil >i>:n- post to the inn of (Ormany; was the true cliurch iiiililant; and his ti^'ure was exliiluted aicordin^r to the popular fanc\. Hi- head was half mitre and half h. hiiel ; acro-ier in one hand and a -alire in the oilier; half rochet and half acnira--; he wa< made pcrfoniiin.:; ma- as a drav'oou on horseback, anil ;;i\ in;; out the cliar;;e u hm h.- onrhl the Itr iiiissii .sC Ih-rai !i. < iirin.utii.i ,./ /.ilrn,/iin. Copernicus, A. A niikname j,'i\rn by ( harles I.aiiili to Ceor-e Dyer. I c'. .\ N .\uilll- M I-.IO.^. Copper-Face. One of the nu- merous e]iilliets licsti'Wed on Croinwell. by Marchamoiil Need- ham, in the latter- |ierioilical , '//o' COP 70 COR Merrurius Pragmaticus (circa 1649). Copper-Nosed Saint, The. A nickname given to Oliver Crom- well, in The Dignity of Kingnhip Asserted . . . (London, 16(50). Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (v. 691-2). Coquette, The, in Hannah Fos- ter's novel entitled Tlie C'oqveitf, or the Ilixtoni of Eliza Wharton (pub. 1855), was Miss Elizabeth Whitman. Coquin Tendbreux, Un, i. e., A Dark Knave. An epithet given to Jean liaptiste Lully, an Italian composer, but long resi- dent of France. An old Fran- ciscan monk gave the gifted but mischievous child some elemen- tary musical instructions. He was then taken to France, where he entered the service of Mile. de Montpensier. He there re- paid his mistress for her kind- ness by writing a satirical song at her expense, for which she promptly dismissed him. He then procured a position in the king's band, and afterwards was advanced to the position of com- poser to the orchestra and several other lucrative posts. Mean- while he studied under the best musicians, and lost no opportu- nity of ingratiating himself witii men of rank a useful process, for which he had a special gift. He finally reached the highest appointments that could be given by the king, but neither his in- creasing reputation nor his lucra- tive p<, Le Boufon Odieux, and Un i'oqnin Tenehreu'x. He was extremely avaricious, and amassed a large fortune, wliile liis wife and children were as parsimonious as himself. Yet, with all his faults, he did much to elevate music in France. Corah, in Dryden's satire of Ahna- lom and Jchitop/iel, represents Titus Oates. ( Vid. iSumbers xvi.). North describes him as a short ugly man. whose forehead, cheek-bones, and chin would fall within the circumference of a circle of which the mouth forms the centre. Sunk were liis eye-;, his voice wa.s harsh and loud ; Sure signs he neither choleric was nor proud ; His long cliin proved his wit; his saint-like grace A cluu'ch vernuliou, and a Moses' face; Ilis memory, miraculously great, Could plots", exceeding man's belief, repeat. Corannus, in Harrington's Oce- \ ana, represents Henry VIII. ' Corinna. Dryden gave this name to Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas. This I lady " transferred Pope's early i letters to Curll for publication," and suffered therefor in The j Dunciad. Vid. also Xotes and '' Queriet> (1st ser. xii. l277-'_'79)- Corinne. A name by which Ma- j dame de Stael was and still is fre- I quently spoken of, on account of { her novel by that name. Corinth's Pedagogue, referred to by I^ord J5yron. in his Ode to XdjKih'on Bo/iiiiiiirti' (xiv.), is in- tended for Dionysins the 1 Younger, who, on being ban- I ished twice from Syracuse, re- tired to Corinth and turned schoolmaster for a subsist"nce. Corn-La^w Rhymer, The. A sobricpiet ai)])lie(l to Ehenezer Elliott, author of Corn-Lain Hlnirnef, a cullection of i)oems Miiich aided mat' rially in rous- I ing the public si)irit against the ! notorious British corn-laws. Car- I lyh^ says : i Is not thf corn-hnv rliynier ah'eiidy I a kiuf;? Corneille of Germany. The. I Andreas Griphius, a Silesian \ dramatist of the seventeenth COR 71 COR century, is frequently thus des- ignated y^iil. Thk Fathkr ok THK MODKRN (iKRMAN DUAMA. Corneille of the Boulevards, The. A nickname given to Rent'' fUiilbert dt; Pixerccourt, tlie French dramatist and foun- der of the Societe des Biblio- philes Fran<;ais, by Lang, in his Jiookx ami Bookmen (1886 p. 75), who says: t'un a woman be a biblionliile? is a (itu'stion which was once tliscnsscd at the weekly breakfast i)arty of (iuilbert de I'ixerecourt, the famous book lov(-r and playwriglit, the Cor- neille of the IJoulevards. Corner Memory Thompson. A nickname ^aven to .lohn TliOMipsoii, a native of St. (liles, ].,ondon, where his father was a green-grocer. The boy carried a salad to the hou.so of an under- taker, who was attracted by his ready and active manner, and hired him as an crrand-l)oy. ile next became a>sislant, then mar- ried his master's daughter, and thus obtained property. This wa.s his start in life, and enal)le(l liim to commeiico business as an auctioneer, by which he amassed considerable wealth, and then retircnl to a cottage near Ilamp- stead Churcb. From there he frerpiently went to tf)\vn in his chariot to c, and like- wise the corner sliop of every street. Hcuaineil some niitiiriety by |ireseiiting lo the (lUeeii a car\('d beilsleail, reputed once to have belnii;,'e(l to Cuniinal Wol- sey, and some other aiuique fur- niture. Corni.-^h Poet, The. The jiopul ir api)ellation of John Harris, the son of a miner, and himself em- I)loyed in the Dolcoath .Mine for nearly twenty years. He wrote lytn/.s front the Mine, (lie Mere, and tlie Mountain (185;5), and many other poems. Camden, in his Riniainex Con- ceriiini) liritmni', (|Uotes a collec- tion of li/ii/ines for Mi rri/ Eikj- 1(111(1, by Michael, " the ("ornish Poet," who flourished at tiie beginning of the thirteenth cen- tury. Cornish Wonder, The. A name given to John Ojiie, tlie painter, who was born in Cornwall. Corrector, The. Alexander Cru- den. Vid. Alexander the Cor- rector. Correggio of Sculpture, The. A nickname given to Jean (Jou- jon. Many of his works are still seen in i'aris. where they remind the beholder of the simple and sublime beauties of the anti(|ue style. He was killed in the UKissacre of St. Bartholomew. Correggio of the Violin, The. A sobri(|uei bestowed on Pierre Rode by the French. Vol. Phijv son. Ilioi/rdji/iK-iil Skd'-Iii-x diui All' rdiitt giif' Ci'lihriitid Violinists (p. !'.-.). Corsica BosAvell. A nickname given to .lauH'S P>oswell, on account of his having written a Jli.^tnrii '/ Ciirsn-ii. Prior, in his Li/i- (/ (f'lildsniitfi. says: . . . Ho-well ha\ inj: jii-2). and said to be the " verv soul and sum of all con 73 cou tlie mathematicians of his time." lie was a man who also studied I)olite literature with great ap- plication, and was highly es- teemed by foreigners, members of the University of Oxford, and all learned people, but feared by the ignorant. CoryphsBus of Modem Litera- ture, The. A name given to "William Gifford liy Disraeli, who says, in his Ainenitit'S of Literature : GitVord, once the Coryphjcua of Modern Literature, \vli()sf native shrewdness adniiraljly litted him for a i)artisan both in politics and in literature, did not (ieeni \Vali)ole's depreciation of Sidney to be without a certain defri'ee of'justice. Coryphaeus of Northern Lore, The. A nicknaiiK! given to Olaus \'er(liiis, tlie Swedisli antiquary and historian. lie was one of tlie most learned men of ills time in his country, anr- trait w:is si> lifelike in all its dominant jiaitienlars that it atVordeij .ts nnuii aniuseinent to his friends as to liis foes. It was a reveuLje for liis strictures, in his Fticiary in IT'.i'.". He w;is a contriliutnr to 77/c Mirmr and T/'ie /.n'nn/' r, wuil from his aini:il>le nianners was simken of as ( 'nurtcnus Cullen. Courtly. The. A nickname given to LeojH.ld IT.. Duke id the .Swiss br.inrh of the House of Anstri;!. fri'ui the eleL:anc(> of his nianners and his |)iilite de- iiuitnient. On the death of Svilliain. Tni-, Di i.ii;nTKi'r, ('/.'.), he l)e<:iine u'uardian of the luincc (afterward .\Ihert \'.). He w;is a great patron of cou 74 CRI learning, and is distinguished in the annals of the times for his peculiar attention and compla- cency to men of letters. Cousin Bridget. A nickname hy whicli Charles Lamb, in Klia, frequently speaks of his sister !Mary. Coxcomb, The. A title be- stowed on Kichard II., King of England. Similarly, Henri III. of France is called Le Migxon. Coxcomb, The, in Churchill's poem The Apolof/y (line 284), is intended for David (larrick, who was inordinately vain. Coxcomb Bird, The. Euxenus, the tutor of Apollcmius, was so called by Philostratus. V'ul. also Pope, Moral Eskui/s (i. 5). Coxcomb Bookseller, A. A nickname given to John Murray of London, by Beloe, in his ISexagenurian; Recollections of a Literari) Life, where he says : The incidcnl , perliaps, would hardly have been wortli recording, except from the circiniistaiice tliat this humble iiesit, built in a very obscure part of the kingdom, subsequently produced a splendil)ri(niet soiuetiuK^s hestowed upon 8auiuel Adams. Crotona's Sage. I'ytliafjoras. Vid. Thk Sauk of Cuotona. Crow, My Own. So Elizaheth iii(kiiain''(l the mother of Sir John Norris. Crowdero, the rahhle leader in Butlrr's llmlibi-its (I't. I. ii. lOti), is saiil liy Sir Koger L'Estraiige to he intended for one Jackson, or Jephson, a " inan-milliner," who lived in the Ne\\- Ivxchange, Strand. Havinj; lost a lej; in tin; Parliament's service, ho afterwards hecanio an itinerant tiddler. Crowe. A nicknaino given to Thomas llohhes, the [diiloso- jdier, while a youth, hy his scliool-mates, on aceount of his hlackhair. Vid Auhrev, Lctltrs (vol. li.j. Crown Martyr, The. John Cleveland prolialily nlcrs to the Karl of StratTord under this name in his jioem On the (Juitu's Ui'tnrn /rum thv Lair CountrK s, to wit : Look nil lier ('iiciiiies, on tlieir Godlv lies Their liolv pcrjiirii-s, Tluir <^lr^'ll iinria-c of iiuicli ill gollcii wialtli, By rapiiii' or bv st(;illli, Their craftv friciiil^hip knit in eijiKil ;.'uill. And th.- Criiuii .MarHr's blo.xl so lalily -pilt. Vi'l. also Xnt^s and (Jurma (1st scr. i. los, 1.-,] I. Cruel, The. A niikii:iine given to llemy \' I . of (orinauy, a ni'aii-spirilid and ri'vi'imefiil man; a iiinnfy-uMaspir. without one gcnir'>us impulse; ami one wlii"ie ulmlf coiiiposil ioii was criiil :iud eniitiiiiptihle. He harliariiu--ly tiirtun'<| his pris- oniTS, and the piople were so much seized with terror that not even the sentence of excom- munication, which the pfipe pro- nounced against him, could in- duce any one to express dissatis- faction with his rule. It was he that treacherously imprisoned the shipwrecked Richard Coeur- de-Lion. With the ransom which the English paid for their king, he raised an army to go into Sicily, where he repeated his acts of cruelty, and was poi- soned hy his wife, who was a Sicilian hy birth. Cruel, The. A name given to Pedro, King of Castile, and also to I'edrt) I., King of Portugal. The latter is sometimes called Le Justhiek. Crum-Hell. One of the numer- ous epithets hestowed on Croin- W( 11, hy Marchamont Needham, in the latter's periodical the Mcr- curiiis rrd'/niKticiif U-irrd Ki-l'.t)- Cumberland Poet, The. A name given to Wordsworth, who was horn at Coekcnnouth, Cumberland. Cunctator, ;. r., Tiik DKr.AYF.it, is a iiaiiH- hislowed ou the Roman ueiieral t^iiintiis Fabius Ma.\imu>, who bathed Hannibal by a\(ii(liin; diri it eim;igemeiits, and wearing liiiii out by marches, etc., from a disiaiK e Cunning, The. A niikuame given to Pobert. the lii>t Duke of Calnbria. and Idniubr of tht^ kingdom of Naples. He was till- brothrr of William, first Count of .Vpului, e.ilbd ' The Iron Anil " (,. < i. and the sixth sou of Taiiereil ilc Hautexille of I.owir Nolinanily lie was born in 101."). and in his youth lid't his fathir's ia-.ile as a" mili- tary advi-iitiirrr. with live fol- lowers on lioi^ibick and thirty on foot. H;s brntli. IS and euiiii- tryueii h.id ili\i.!fd the fertile lands of .\piili.i ainoiiL: tle'iii- s.'his, and un.inlrd I lirir shares with the jealousy of avarice, so tli.it when he li.id cro.ssed the CUR 76 CYR Alps as a pilgrim, the aspiring youth found lie must conquer for himself. He turned towards Calabria, and in his tirst ex])loits it is not easy to discriminate the hero from the robber. He conquered the country, and tlie people soon assumed the name and character of Normans. In 10*)0 Pope Nicholas II., who but a short time before had excom- municated him on account of his many acts of violence, con- firmed him in his possession of Calabria, and also Apulia, which his brotlier ^Ailliam had be- queathed to liim on his death. Robert, out of gratitude, bound himself to pay tribute to the Roman see. He then turned his attention to Naples, which he conquered, established that kingdom, and tlius left one of the lasting impressions of the Norman conquest in Italy. He had frequent cjuarrels with the pojjes, was again excommuni- cated, but taken back into tlie folds of tlie church by Gregory yil., whom he saved from be- coming a jirisoner of Plenry IV. of Germany. He died at Ceph- alonia in 10s,t, when on a war- like expedition against Constan- tinople. His boundless ambi- tion was founded on the con- sciousness of superior worth, and in the pursuit of greatness he was never arrested by the scru- ples of justice or the feelings of humanity. The nickname of Giiiftf-drd, an old Norman word for Cunning, was apjilied to him, on account of his pf)litical wis- dom, which often, liowever, was only deceit and dissinuilalion. This nickname is sometiuu'S bestowed on him as a surname; incorrectly, however, as he was a He Hauteville. Curd de Meudon, Le. A title given to Kalielais, from his hav- ing been tirst a monk, then a physician, then prebend of St. ^laur, and lastly cure of ]Meu- dou. Curious Scrapmonger. So Dr. Wolcot, in his K})istle to James Bosicell, calls the latter. Curtmantle is the title of Henry II. of P>ngland, due to his liaving introduced the Anjou mantle, which was sliorter than tlie robe worn heretofore. Cyaxares. A name under which Louis XIII. of France is men- tioned in Mile. Scudery's Le Grand t'l/na^. Cydias. A name by which Ber- nard le Bouyer de Foutenelle is represented by La Bruyere, in his Varacteres de la SocieLe' et de la Conrersatio/}. Cyprian Queen, The, referred to by Cowley in hisSi/lria (line 218), is the Duchess of Buckingham, formerly ]SIary Fairfax, the daughter of the great Lord Fair- fax. Cyrus. One of the characters in i\Ille. Scudery's once famous ro- mance Le (rra)id Curux, drawn to repiesent the Duke d'En- ghien, afterwards the Prince de Conde. In her description of the battle of Kocroy (vol. ix. bk. ii.),slie saj-s: There remained nothing but a large body of infiintry, wliicli, being coinpost'd of Jhis.-^iijiiitcs, IukI tiiken up its position near tlie niacliines of the army, and seemed in so deter- mined iin attitude that e\ ideiitly they had resolved to defend their life and tlieir liljerty to the last drop of their blood. The brave Ti-rez C(mHnanded that corjis. Seeing Cyrus come u\) to attack liim, witli all the pride of a warrior wlio has never yet been defeated, he did not move, but ordered hi> army not to draw their bows till tlie enemy was within reach. At-cordiuLdy, Cyrus kei)t marehinfi forwards without meeting any resistance on tlu' part of the Massajzates. But when he was at a distance fixed by Terez, that valiant caiitain ordered his battalions to open right and left, and made so terrible a discharfre from all the machines of the army of Thonuiis and of the arrows of his own infantry that the air was darkened by them, and that the troops of Cyrus were not only cov- CYR 77 CZA ered with them but terror-strickm, and if the extreme valor of that great prince hud not r,-/-,7../- -//-///- l'.t,l,:,,li. Danish Molit^re, The. A title gi\ en to Lniiis, I'.aron de I lolberg, who was horn at Keri^en in Nor way, in his.'!, when that country foniK^d a ]iart of the Danish do- niinioiis. Like his I^'reiicli name- sake, lie was the wittiest and best writer of light ((medy of liis time. He sindii (1 at tin' I'liiver- sity of ( dpeiihageii with the in- tention of entering the church, but became a profes.sor of rhet- oric and metaphysics instead, and, while occupying the latter position, composed a comedy, in 17'22, called 77ic I'oliticul Tin- man, which made his name very jiopular. He followed this with a number of plays and satirico- heroic poems and romances, among the latter of which is his Sitbtcrrduean Trur(ls of Nicholas Klim, which has been translated into many languages, and is s'r lUctii (New Vork, 1S85: p. 81), w ho says: The lii>t c|ii(>tali()n sliall he from file veritahh- Urowiiin;; of one of tliose [xiclii'al aielai'i:ii-~ iKiiic ever (lured Imt the Daiitcni of iiioileni po- etry. .Aiulacioii- ill ii- familiar real- ism, ill it> lelal ili-re^'anl of pectii-al eii\ iromiieiil, in its ruirired alnupt- Iies-i, lull >ii|ii-ciuely ..-iirces--f ill and ali\ e w illi eliintiuli. Daphne. A name whieh his lit- erary opponents give to Sir Will- iam Da\enanl. Disr.ieli. in his (Jii.irr.ls .'/ .\u/i,n,-s. sixs: riii-~e liiuiieri-ts tir^i redui'ed |)'A\eiiaiit to (Md Daidi : " Iteiiiiaiii, i-iiiih' lii'lji me to lail^ll At U''<'ti(i. Defender of German Indepen- dence, The. All apfllation which was assumed by Hfuri II. of !' ranee. When Charles V. of (iermany defeated the Protes- tants at I'.lbe, the vaiKiuished ])arty apidit'd to France fur as- sistance. Henri gladly sei/.ed the opportunity of opposing their emperor, but his aid was not needed. Curiously enough, while he was exleudiug assistance to (JiTmaii Protestants, lie was try- ing witli tir(^ and sword to ])ut down tin- same religiot! in his own country. Defender of the Faith. A title granted to Henry N'lII.of Eng- land by Pojic Leo X.. in conse- (pience of a Latin trt>atise, On t/ir Si ri'it Siirr'i/iirnts. \v\\\(\\ Henry had published in confutation of Martin Luther. Pope Paul 111. revoked the title. Defender of the People, The. So .\lorus, in his /'((/' .s' I'ublicd, calls John Milton. Vi'ii. Mas- son, Life of Milton (v. l.jS). Aityii, b, i. e., Thp: Dreadful, is one of the nicknames in the Heinsian circle for Salmasius. y^ld. Masson, Life of Milton (iv. ;H4). Delayer, The. Qnintus Fabius Maximus. Vid. Cunct.\tok. Delia, in Pope's Safircif awl Epis- tles (l. SI), represents Lady Delo- raine, who married W. Wind- ham of Carsham, and died the same year as I'oi)e. Miss .Mac- kenzie was the jierson alluded to as being poisoned. Delicious, The. .\ popular sobri- (piet bestowed upon Charles Far- rar Browne, better known as Art emus Ward. Delictum Juventutis. So Hobbes termed his natural daughter. Vid. Si. if ok Youth. Delight of Mankind, The. A nickname bestowed upon Maxi- milian II. of Austria, on ac- count of his amiable character. No stronger ju'oof of his good qualities can be given than the concurring testimony of tlie his- torians of Cicrmany and Austria, botii Catholic and Prot<'stant, who vie in his praises ami in re))resenting him as the model of iiupaitiality, wisdom, and be- nignity. Titus, iMuperor of Uoine. h.is receiveil the same ikuuc, from his admirable (lualities. Delightful, The. .\ nickname given to William. Duke of Aus- tria. With the jM'ospeet of an alliance with Hedwiu'''. a ]irin- cess of Poland, he was educated amidst the splendors of his uncle's court of \'ienna. \l\-i elegance of |MTson. fascination of character, and his chivalron-; bearing, captivateil the |irini-e>s when they tirst met, but th<^ death of Tier father and the in- llu.iiee of the Polisii nobler pre- vented the niarriat:e. He ad- minister! il tile government of .Austria during the wanderings DEL 82 DEN" of Albert IV. and the minority of Albert V. Deliverer of America, The. An epithet given to George Wash- ington, by Vittorio Altieri, on tlie title-page of liis play The First iSraluK. He also com- mences the dedication as fol- lows : Tlie name of the Deliverer of Aineriea alone can stand in the title- page of the tragedy of the Deliverer of l{ome. To you, most excellent and mot rare citizen, I therefore dedicate this : without first hinting at even a part of so many praises due to yourself, which I now deem all comprehended in the sole men- tion of your name. Deliverer of God's People, The. So Nicholas Breton, in his Character of Queen Eliza- beth, calls the latter. Delia Crusca. So Gifford, in Th,' Bariail (line MO), calls Rob- ert ]\lerry, who had employed this name as a pseudonym. Delia Tiorba. A sobriquet con- ferred on the Italian musician Benedetto Ferrari, the anthor of nniiierous operas of the seven- teenth centnry. Delia Viola. A title bestowed on Romano Alessandro, on ac- count of his skill on that instru- ment. He Nourished in the lat- ter half of the sixteenth century. Delle-Ape, /. e., "Of the Bees." "SVhen Francis Bracciolini wrote a congratulatory poem to Bar- berini. on his becoming pope under the title of I'rbau VIII., this pontiff gave him the nick- name of Delle-Ape, and a coat-of- arms of three bees, which was the arms of the Barbcrini fantily. Deraetrius, in Ben Jonson's com- edy of The Poetaster, is the name under wliich he satirizes the dramatist Thomas Dekker. The latter published a reply in 1()0'2, entitled Satiro-Masti/ ; or, the Cntrussiiif/ of the Humorous Poets, in which he satirized Ben Jonson under the name of Young Hokace. Democritus of the Sixteenth Century, The. A sobricjuet sometimes given to John Calvin, botli he and IJemocritus being sedate sober men, and both hav- ing a fondness for a life of gloomy solitude and profound contem- plation. Demon of Darkness. So J. Morley, in a sonnet contributed to Tlie Gentleman's Mai/aziw {1792), in reply to The Bariad and Mxriad of Gifford, terms the latter. Demon of Geneva, The. A sobriquet applied to John Cal- vin by Rabelais, in Pantagruel (hk. iv.). Van Laun, in his History of French Literature (i. 334), says: Rabelais called his contemporary " le demoniaijue de Geneve"; and there was, indeed, little in common between the Democritus and the Mazzini of the sixteenth century. In quality of satire they were both true sons of Gaul; but how ditferent even in their one point of resem- blance. Demosthenes of France, The. A nickname given to Count Mirabeau. Vid. The Hci;ri- C.\NE. Demosthenes of French Di- vines, The. A nickname given to the celebrated French jtulpit orator, I^ouis Bourdaloue, by Dibdin, in his Library Compan- ion, who says: The style and imagery of Rourda- loue seem to rusli iqion ns with the force of a moiuitain torrent; he is the Demosthenes of French divines; but it cannot be denied that his art is too ai)iKirent; and that all the subordinate i)arts of his conqiositiou seem to be pnrposelv keji' down, in order to slnirjien tlie force of his logic and to aggravate the terror of his in\ective. ' l\ was for Hourda- lone to frighten the reprobate, and for Ma^silloii to comfort the desolate and op])re.se(i. Denarius Philosophorum. This title was given by liislio]) Tliorn- boroiigh to himself, fourterti years before his decease in biU. It is to be found ou his monu- DEN 83 DEV ment in Worcester Cathedral. F'or its orif^in, etc., consult N'llrs (Hid Queries (1st ser. iii. 1()8, LT)!, '2W). Dennis of His Day, The. A name given to Fnim/ois Gacon, a Fn-iich satirical poet. Dennistown, in Vernon Lee's novel Mis.i Hrova (London, 1X), must have bren about seventy years of aue. Tbe so- bri(pi<'t means " ;i killer of men," and was invented by IJoiliau, wlio also cr('atc>i(ian of the nnhility. Horn ii rroteslant, he l)e(aine a IJoiiuiii ('atholic in I(V|s, and i- ^aid to liave t)een a re^nilar lueiliial \i(;ir of Bray, and never to have changed his relifrfous or medical opinion.'! except to benefit his fannly. yan Laun. D6sir6, Le. A nickname given to Lf)uis XVI. of France wliile he was the dauphin, and when he first became king. The peo- ple conferred this name ui)on him because they carried to his throne their complaints, and hoped to become a i)rosperous ami happy nation under his sov- ereignty. Destroyer of Heresy, The. A name given to ].,ouis XI\'., on account of his revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Deum Philosophorum, or " TIio (iod of all I')iiloso|ihers," was a title given to I'lato, " whose learning Tnllie so much admir- eth that he caUeth him thus." Viil. Fotherhy, At/ieoniastix, London, li)22 (p. .'515). Deutsche Michael, Der. A nickname given to Oen. Johami Michael (Mtertraiit, who served in tlie Danish army, and in Ki'iO and Ki'J'i caused much disaster to the Spaniaids. Devil, The. A sobri(|uet applied to I'aganini, the violinist. I'iil. Crowest, Mii.-^r-'il .!/(< (h' (U~ea>e. He vi-lled I'aris for Ilie he-t ineilical adviee and sulnnilted to tlie nioxa treatment. It relieved Inm eoii-iiUrahly and donlitless ])ro. lonired his life, hnt dirl not restore the paraly/.ed Nl'-. lie was i-oni- nelled to Use a w.ilUiii;.' slick in eaell liand. In the ordinarv conrse of dehate in the Senate for the last few years lie generalh read ami spoke in >ittiiif.' po>tiiri-, the cour- tesy of lii< brother Siii;ilors adinit- tin;; that po~i;ion. When ihallng with i|iii'~tion of nation.il inipor tam-e hi' -poke -tandiiiL'. -npporting iiiniself :iL'ain-t hi- de-k and on one of his canes, and sometimes af^aiii-t u standing suiiport, consisting of uu DEV 84 DIA iron standard surmounted by a small wooden reading-desk. During the fierce partisan debate in the Senate near the close of the war, and especially while the reconstruc- tion measures were being discussed, he was a stalwart and excessively pugnacious fighter on the Itepubli- can side, and earned the appellation of " The Devil on Two Sticks." Devil's Missionary, The. So Voltaire has been called. Vid. The Ape ok Genius. Devonshire Poet, The. A so- briquet bestowed on O. Jones, an niieducated wool-comber, and author of Poetic Attempts (1786). Dey of Algiers, The. So Archi- bald Constable called John Ballantyne, the Edinburgh i)ub- lislier. Diable, Le. A title given to Oliver Lcdain, the barber and tool of I.oiiis XI. It pi-obably arose because he was as much feared and hated as his name- sake. Kobert, Due de Nor- mandie, was also called Le Dia- ble. Diabolus Gander. A character in AVarren's novel Ten Tliousand a Year, drawn to represent Dr. Dionysius Lardner, at one time editor of Constable's Miscellany and The Cabinet Cyclopsedia. Diamond Albany, a character in liinnor, a novel by Elizabeth S. Shepptird, is intended for Ben- jamin Disraeli. Diamond Coates. A nickname given to l-tohert Coates, a cele- brated leader of fashion in Lon- don, on account of his great wealth obtained in the West Indies. Diamond Duke, The. A nick- name given to Charles Frederick William Augustus, at one time Duke of Brunswick. He was descended from a family famous in Italy under the name of d'Este and in Germany under that of Guelph. Najioleon com- pelled the family to flee from Brunswick ; the Tilsit treaty abolished the duchy, which was made a part of Westphalia, gov- erned by Jerome Bonaparte ; and the yoving prince was placed in charge of Colonel Nordenfels, carried to Prussia, and then to England. His fatlier died at Quatre-Bras in attempting to hold his throne, which lie had taken from Jerome, when the sou was eleven years old. The young prince, who had been joined by his brother, was living at Vauxhall, London, where he was petted % the royal family, especially by'the ill-fated Char- lotte, who was as a sister to the hoy. His education was surely defective, and George IV., prince regent during the young duke's minority, was no true friend to him. He was placed under the tutorship of Thomas Prince, hut, he having been de- clared insane, the Baron von Lindengen was appointed to the duty. He took both the princes to Latisanne, and it is said he was ordered to educate them in a manner that would render them wholly incapable of gov- erning. George IV. endeavored to postpone the epoch of Duke Charles' majority, and all Ger- many was for more than a year full of the wrangles of di])loma- tists ujion the question. Metter- iiich took up the young duke's cause, and his powerful hand l)laced him on his throne at nineteen years of age. The dominant iclea in his brain was a hatred for and a suspicion of his English kinsmicu, but he nurtured generous thoughts of popular reform, and wished to be a father of his people. Metter- nich, a discijile of despotism, ste])iied in, and advised the young reformer to travel. He visited the courts of I>erlin, Vienna, and Paris, and tinally jiaid a visit to his uncle in Eng- land. The latter treated him outwardly Mith aiiiiabiliiy. Stat(! balls were given in his honor, and he was given the DIA 85 DIA colonelcy of a household regi- ment. The king regretted tliis last favor, and offered liini tlie Garter in excliange. Ttie duke refused, and sent liis uncle a few days later his portrait in minia- ture, r(Ml-coated and cooked-hat- ted. He fell in love with Mi.ss Charlotte Colville, a young girl, beautiful, well born, and of blameless cliaracter. It suited her lover's pride, convenience, or insanity to persuade lier to be- come at lirst his morganatic wife, and to be his lawful wife wlien tliey readied BruTiswick. He made iier believe that tlie king would object to the mar- riage. A nocturnal marriage, followed by a lioiieymoon in Paris, was tlie result, and in a few montbs tlie wife was taken to Brunswick, and installed in tlie ("astlc of Wcndesseii, with a|)arlments separate from X\io. duke's. Wlien slie asked liim to acknowledge tlu^ marriage iiis excuse \vas a dread of England. A daughter was bom and bap- tized witii regal certMuouies as the ("ountess of ("oliuar. lint a year later tlie duke sent his wife, from X'ieiina, a message so hope- less. So deiiiiiie in its denial of all matrimonial rights, that the deceived Charlotte at once left I'runswiek, carrying her daugh- ter with her, but leaving iiehiiid everythinir she and the child owed to the duke. She never saw him auain. The duke saw plots every- where a monomania by which he Wius misguided all Jiis life. He commenced a fuiioiis and in- discriminate crusade against all the olhcials who liacl served under the Knglish adininistra- tioii. llr dismissed ;illcl ex- jielled Itaron .Siristorjif. mastir of the hois.', the wealthiest and one of the ino-t respeetecl noble- men in his doiiiinioiis. 'I"he Sii- Jireme Court of Wolfenlmttel declared the a.'t illegal, and he nubliciy burnt the decree. NVhcn the Diet solemnly con- firmed this decision, he pointed guns at the crowd assembled to welcome the exile. In a few months the liberal duke became a half-demented autocrat. He had a favorite, an underling in tlie war ottice, who had married the daugliter of Miss C'olville's cook. He gained tiie duke's good grace by exercising a singu- lar mimic talent, and by being able to imitate on the piano a peal of laughter. He was cre- ated Baron d'Andlau, and be- came the duke's chief and only adviser. The Brunswickers be- came openly disatTected, and ap]iealed to the Diet to send troops to occupy the ducdiy. The duke fled to Paris, praying Charles X. to protect him against his subjects and neigh- bors: but the king Iiad tnmble enough of his own. He sent the duke the (Jrand Cross, but it was returned Ijecause it was not the Cross of St. Louis. The duke went to Bru.ssels, and back to Hrunswick, whert^ Ids carriage was stoned, and he himself hoot- eoliti(al aiiuoy- anee. The new kiiiLT received him ciM.lly, tlir ( riliinct advised him to aiiilicale, liut he deter- mined to re(oni(ucr his diu'liy uiiaiili d. He Went to l'"rankfort, laiMiiheil one of the nio-ii fantas- tic sihcnu's of reform that e\cr came from :t ri-o\\ ned IkmcI. J.hici'.l himself at the he:id of .1 ralilile of pe,i-.anls. and. after a p.irley with the lirunswick DIA 86 DIA troops on the frontier, retired without drawing sword. He next went to Paris, and there made liiniself obnoxious protest- ing against his brother's usurpa- tion, and drawing up schemes of liberal - legitimist revolutions. The government decided to be rid of him. They arrested his footman, who resembled his master, and conveyed him to Switzerland, wliile the duke re- mained hid in Paris, gathering together a formidable array of evidence to su[)port his right to live in France. He exercised for the first time his genius for litigation, which was the chief trait of his intellect during the latter part of his career. The decree of expulsion was revoked, and he purchased a house in the Champs ftlysees. At this time he was a fair-haired, comely little fellow, who wore liigh heels to make himself appear tall ; a tine rider, an accomplished musician, a constant subscriber to the opera, and an entertainer, in his home, of the best musicians that visited Paris. He lived the life of a man of fasiiion, and mixed M'ith the nobility. But his ava- rice and pride were growing, and he began to show a belief that everybody was stealing from him. His secretary was perpet- ually appearing in the courts to plead for his master against petty creditors who overcharged in their bills. He began to con- struct his house like a fortress. At the head of his bed was a stone cupboard, which at the turn of a screw could be sunk into a wall fifty yards beneatli the basement, where he kept iiis most precious deeds, documents, treasures, and heirlooms. His cellars were strongholds equal to a bank, reached by a secret stair- case, where were iron cases tilled with guineas, and gold coins which liad never been in circula- tion. At this time he began to paint his face, an art he had ac- quired in Spain. He began by whitening the end of his nose, he added a little rouge to liis clieeks, and then dyed his hair and beard. He looked ridiculous then, but in after years he looked monstrous. Iiis peoplt; in Bruns- wick announced him insane, and the Diet in 1S:>4 declared him in- capable of reigning. The duke successfully resisted the seques- tration of his i)roi)erty in Paris. He paid another visit to Eng- land, and as soon as he readied tliose shores his old monomania revived. His daughter had been taken ill, and wlien he heard that months before Queen Ade- laide had given her sweetmeats, his mind was made up and he despatched her to France to save lier from her royal poisonei-s. He refused to wear mourning for William IV., and out of affec- tion sought the society of the inheritors of Stuart blood. He became acquainted with Louis Napoleon, with whom he exhib- ited himself at Ei)som arrayed in yellow satin. He planned a gro- tesque invasion of his lost duchy, with his daughter at the head of a band of mercenaries, but the heroine forsook the faith of her fathers and joined the Catholic Church. He ordered her to re- cant, and, on her refusing, he stopiied her sii]plies. She was obliged to live on the charity of the French family where she afterwards found a husband. From tliat time all moral and material care for her ceased on his i)art. Wiien Louis Naiioleon was a prisoner at Ham. the duke sent him eiglit luuulred thousand jiounds, and they agreed to help each otiier. The duke was to help the prince to restore to France her national sover(>ignty, and the l)riiice was to assist the duke to regain his duchy. When the jirince was in jjower, the duke went to France. HisHrst idea was to sell his house in the C'hain|)S Elysees because its number, ri'2, had been changed to 78 and he DIA 87 DIO had a horror of the fij^ure seven. He built a new liouse, more fan- tastic, }i;rotesque, and more like a fortress than tlie old one. In this he lived almost entirely by him- self. In his bed-chamber, with liis stronj^-box hung over a well in the wall, he spent nearly all his solitary day, attired in flam- ing dressing-gowns, selecting, from among tliirty waxen simu- lacra of his own face, the wig, eyebrows, and (oini)lexion of the day. Dyed, rouged, curled, and scented, he went, at sunset, to ride in his chocolate-colored car- riage ; he lf touched it. The famous pad between liim ami Louis Napoleon was found impracticable, and by de- grees tlie emperor flropped the duke. Surrdumied by hirelings, he lost all taste for tiie society <>( liis e<|uals. 1I(> shut himself up with bis diamonds, fondling them like old-tinu' misers. He ri'fused all commiinicatinns from his daughter, and for four years he. contestecl his grandchildren's right to a penny of bis fortune. His will left his millions to the capital of I'alvinism, because it was th(^ only place likely to put til) bis statue in a public ]ilace. His end was worthy tlu^ long frivolous, foolish, unfortunate life be bad lived. Whib- Europe was being shaken by a crisis, which has not been equalleil in modern tiiius, be was li\in:j: at (ieiirva, fondling his diamonds, dressing and painting, alone in the world, having lost all human sympathies. Diana of the Stage, The. S HiK/i'ish Sl,cir (ii. 4;i), calls Mrs. liracegirdle. Dick of Aberdaron. A nick- name given to Richard Robert JoiH'S, who was born in Aber- daron, North Wales, but spent most of his life in England. He was very eccentric, but a great linguist, and acquired a language with wonderful rapidity. He tried to teach languages, but met with little encf>uragement, on account of his total disregard of cleanliness, ignorance of the cus- toms ami maimers of society, his weakness of sight, and the ditfi- cnlty of elucidating his meaning from collateral subjects. He left behind him some works of sur- jtrising labor, among which were Welsh, (Jreek, and Hebrew dic- tionaries, a compendious (Ireek- and-Englisli lexicon, and a Latin treatise on the music and accents of the Hebrew tongue. Dicky Scrub. So Henry Norris, a comedian, and the contempo- rary of lietterton and Hootli, is called in the first edition of The Sjici-tdlor, in the advertisenient of Thp lii'diij-' Str((t'ii)rin. He was also freciuently nicknamed Jubilee Dicky, from his ludicrous reiiresentation in I-"ar(iuhar'scom- edy T/h- Cnnslant Couple. Vul. also Hkich-ho. Dictator of Letters. The. A title given to X'oltairc. Didot of America. The. So Isaiah Thomas, the puhlislu^r fif 77/c M(fssy his scurrilous attacks upon otiicrs, lie caused the poets to tlatter him. Ari- osto, Orliiiido Fiiri'ixo (canto xlvi. St. 14), says: !: il tlairello Di' priiiii|)e, il divino I'ictro .\ntiiio. Divino, II. A surname liestowed botii upmi Kaphael aiiase(l witii Mr. .\ddington that ho touk him as an apothecary for his servants: tiien, timling that he spoke giiod-seiise, tirst on med- icine and afterwards on |)nHtics, he assisted him. The doctor, after iiractising in Loiidnn for siMiie time with distincliou, re- tired to Heading, where he mar- DOC 90 DOC ried, and had a son, Henry Adding! on, afterwards Lord Sidmouth. Doctor Angelicus. Thomas Aquinas was so called, because he discussed the knotty point of " how many angels can dance on the ])oint of a needle," or, more strictly speaking, " Utruni Angelus p(!ssit moveri de extremo ad extremum non transeundo per medium," i.e., docs an angel pass over the intervening space in ])assing from one point to another? The doctor replies in the negative. The above explanation, given by so eminent an authority as Dr. Brewer, in his Phrase and Fable, is somewhat strained and fanciful. The relations of incor- poreate beings to sj)ace form a subject of serious philosophical inquiry; and, moreover, it is very improbable that this title would be bestowed in derision on a man imiversally revered for his stupendous genius. The natural and logical interpreta- tion of the title, therefore, is that it was given him in compliment to the almost supernatural strength and clearness of his in- tellect. The Thomistic philoso- phy, it may be added, is taught in many of the world's great schools to-day. Doctor Authenticus. A title giveii to Cregiiry of Rimini, a celebrated scholar of the four- teenth century. Doctor Christianissimus.or The Most Christian- Doctor, is a sobricpiet conferred both upon Jean Charlier de Gerson and Nicolas de Cusa, both eminent divines and philosophers. Doctor Cowheel. A nickname bestowed on John C'owell, an oracle of the common law, by Edward Coke, the attorney-gen- eral. Doctor Dulcifluus. A title be- stowed upon Antony Aiulreas, a Spanish theologian of the four- teenth century, and a disciple of the school of Duns Scotus. Doctor Ecstaticus, or The Ec- static Doctor, was the title be- stowed on Jean de Kuysbroek, a mystic of the fourteenth century. Doctor Evangelicus, or The EvAXCiELic Doctor. A title given to John Wyclif, the Eng- lish reformer, " on account of his ardent attachment to the Holy Scriptures." > Doctor Facundus, or The Elo- QUEXT Doctor, was a title be- stowed on Peter Aureolas, the Archbishop of Aix in the four- teenth century. Doctor Fundatissimus, or The Well Fouxdkd Doctor, is a title ap2)lied to ^gidius de Co- lumna. Doctor Fundatus, or The Thor- ough Doctor, was an honorary title bestowed upon William Var- ro, an English schohistic philoso- pher of the thirteenth century. Doctor Hornbook, the hero of Burns' celebrated poem, was an apothecary named John Wilson, whom the poet met at a meeting of the Torbolton Masonic Lodge. The next afternoon the i)oet repeated the lines to his brother (iilbert; and, when jmblished, they attracted so much attention that the unfortunate subject was ultimately driven away to Glas- gow, where he died in l.SoIt. Doctor Hum. f iabriel Harvey en- joyed th(} society of courtiers and jirided himself on his Italian punctilios and his skill in Tuscan authors, while he (piite renoimced his natural English accents and gestures. When he was pre- senteil to the (jueen, he was de- lighted because she said "he looked like an Italian": and he wrote a poem giving an account of his introduction to her maj- esty. This was made sjiort of by some of the wits of the day, among whom was Nash, who in his liare irith ijou to Saffron Wahlen (London, 159G), says: DOC 91 DOC There did tliis our Talatatntana, or Doctour Hum, thrust himself into the tliickest raiikes of tlie noblemen and (iallants, and whatsoever they were argiiiufr of, he would not misse to catch hold of, or strike in at the one end, and take tlie tlieame out of their months, or it should gne hard. In self-same order was lu-e at liis pretie toyes and amorous plaunces and i)ur|)osc8 with the Damsells, and FuttiTif; handy riddles unto lliem. n line, some Disputations tliere were, and lie made Oialion before the Maids of Honour, and not before her -Alajestie, as heretofore I misin- formedly set down, he^'innin<( thus ; A nut, a woman, and an asse are like, These three doo nothing riglit, except you strike. Doctor lUuminatus. A sobri- quet conferred hotli upon Uay- niond Liilly and tlie German iiiyslif .lohaiin Taulcr. Doctor Inkpot. A nickname fjivi'n to .Inlm Slandish, wlio, says Wood, in his At/i' nir, O/mii- )(./,<,' when l,>iii'e)i Mary ruled th<'S('('i>tre . . . sieinLC wliat vrreat miscliief was like to follow ui)on the translation of the Hihle into the l'",nj;lish toiii^ue in the time of K. K<1.. and i>efore, l)e- stirred himself so mncli about it, that lie found means to have the matter jiro]iosed in Parliament, in the lieunnninu (d' (^)ueen .Mary, that all such liibles thai wei'e in the lOnulisli tongue should b(.' prohil)iled ;ind burn'd. This hein;,^ \ery (lispleasin;,^ to many, he was baled of iliem, and there- fore one afler bis usual mamier rails bim iwri" ami scin-ra. and amdher as fuul-moutb'd as be, ' Dr. Inkpot,' " eie. Doctor Irrefrag-abilis, or Tmh Ihiu:ii: \- MIR.\BLE Doctor. So Roger IJa- con is freciuently called, on ac- count of liis great learning, im- ])ortant scientilic discoveri(;s, and liis superiority over his _coiitem- jioraries in insight. Doctor My-Book. A nickname given to Dr. Jolin Ai)ernetliy, because be used to say to liis jiatients, " Head my book," i. e., his Surfjicdl (Jbsi'rrdtions. Doctor of Hypocrisie, A. An ejiitbet conferred on Dr. .\ndrew I'erne, Dean of P^ly, l>y Harvey, in bis PiiTce's Siijii/rrroi/ation, (London, l.T.i;!), where he says : ^ I believe all the Colleges in both rniversities, or in the great I'liiver- sitie of ( 'liri>ten Pi:itsiM( ii>i s DdCToi;, is a title bestowed by bis conteinpornrics upon Walter Purleiu'b. a cclehrateil scholar of the fourtcentb cenliiry.and the oppoiK'iil of I )uiis Scot us. Doctor Profundus, or Tmk Pi:(>- l-olM) Ito(l(il:. A title ui\-eil by bis coiitoni]ior;irics to Tliouias l!raiiglish designer and i)ainter. I)il)din, in his Jii minixi'i )i'-('s of a Literary Life (i. t;7), says: To CDtiiintnil tlip talents, or to de- chirc the rfputation of ."^totliard, our doimstic Itallaclc, Wfif ('(itiullv a waste of words and of liinc. Ifaii his coloriiifr I'vcn )>proaclic(i that of AValttau, his coiiiposition liad Ixcii invahiahk-. I,ovlini-ss, ^'racc, and innocence sccni to hr iniprt'sscd on evcrv female countenance and ligure which he (hliiiealed. Dominie Hairy. So Ifenry, I><>rd lirougliam, is nicknamed in the Soi-tif Ainhraaiiftiv (xlv.). Dominie Legacy Picken. A name giveti to Andrew I'ickon by the wits in Fry him called The JJoin- inie's />'./(/(//. Don Adriano de Armado, tlie hrairgarl in Shakespeare's /.nn's Ldhniir'.i Jjont. is s;iid to he in- tended for Jiilm Florio, the philologist. Viii. Ildl.oKKUNKS. Don Diego Dismallo, in Arlmth- not's L.iir is (I Until, )nleuve, because his judgment was taken cajitive bv many eiilhiisiasins, and in the hot "blood of his youth ho had ix'come again and again im- ])assioned for ideas wliicli he afterwards It arned to regard with inditTereiice. His literary idols, when his eiitlmsiasm had cooleil, lit came ileail to him. Donna Inez. Miss Millbank. I'i'l. .\fHiiKA UaiSV. Donzol Dick. A nickname gi\tii It) Kit liaril IlarMv. Don- zel is from the ll:\]\:\u il")i2rllo, and means a stiiiirc, young man, DOO 94 DRO or a bachelor, and the nickname was given to him as a slur on his admiration of the Italians. Nash applied it in his Have loith you to Saffron Walden (London, 1596), where he says : I pry thee, surmounting Donzel Dick, whiles I am in the heate of Invective, let me remember thee to do this one kindness more for me, etc. Doomsday Sedgwick. A nick- name given to William Sedg- wick, a fanatical preacher of tlie Commonwealtli, who pretended that a vision revealed to him the approach of doomsday. He re- paired to the residence of Sir Francis Russell, in Cambridge- shire, where, finding a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, he requested them to desist from their sport and prepare for the approaching dissolution. Masson, in his Life of Milton (iii. p. 588), states that he came all the way from London to pre- sent the king with a book he had written, suitable for his comfort, and entitled Leaves from the Tree of Life for the healing of the Natiotift. King Charles ordered him to be admitted, received the book, glanced at some pages of it, and then returned it to the author with the observation that surely he must need some sleep after having written a book like that. Door-Opener, The. A title be- stowed on Crates, the Theban, because be rebuked the people of Athens every morning for their late rising. Dorimant, the witty aristocratic rake in Etlierege's ])lay of 2'he Man of Made, represents the Earl of Rocliester. Dorinda, in th(! Earl of Dorset's verso, is inteiuled for Catlierine Sedley, Countess of Dorcliester, tlie mistress of James II. Doron. A character in Greene's Mend/fhoi), supi)osed to represent Shakespeare, of which Simpson, in his School of Shakespeare (ii. 339-S40), says: Every student of Shakespeare knows the attack made upon him by Greene, in 1592, in tlie epistle ap- pended to the Groatsworth of Wit. lint no one has yet traced tlie earlier mutterings of the jealousy which then for the first time spoke out clearly. It may, I think, be shown that the same actor-author who is abused in the epistle is also mocked at in the novel to which the epistle is attached; that the same man is glanced at, in the same phrases, in the epistle which Greei>e caused Nash to prefix to Menaphon in 15>>9; while in the novel of Menaphon itself, Greene criticises the style of this " Koscius " under the name of Doron. The same writer is also glanced at in \ever too Late and in his Farewell to Folly. Douster-SAvivel. A nickname applied by the Edinburgh re- viewers to Dr. John Gaspar Spurzheim, acelebrated advocate of phrenology. D'Outre-mer, /. e., "from over the sea." A nickname given to Louis IV. of France. Vid. The Foreigner. Dreamer of Whitby, The. A name sometimes given to Caedmon, who was told in a dream to sing the origin of crea- tures, or what is now called his Paraphrase. Disraeli, in his Amenities of Literature, says: If we m.TV confide in a learned conjecture, it may ha])))eu that Caed- mon is now no name at all, but merely a word or a jiiirase; and thus the entity of the Di-eaiucr of the Monastery of Whitljy may vanish in the wind of two Chaldaic sylla- bles. Dreck, i- e., " dirt." A name giv- en by Luther to Doctor Eck, one of his assailants. Vited for tlie magnilicence of his attire, but who ended his life in prison. Duke of Darnick, The. A nick- name given to Sir Walter Scott by the villagers near Abbotsf(jrd. Duke of Juggernaut, The, in Benjamin Disraeli's novel of Vir- idii (ireii, is said to be intended for the Duke of Norfolk. Duke of Waterloo, The, in Disraeli's novel (d' Viriui, (irrii, is intende(l for the Duke of Well- ington. Dulcifluous Doctor, The. An- thony .Andreas. Vid. Doctor Hi i.( II- i.iis. Dumb Ox, The. So St, Thomas A(piiiias was nickiiamei lii-; powers, showed wlial he eoiihl do to justifv l.onia/zo's tith' elioseii for him, of' " th.' Kii^Me." He ha.x indeed the stronj; wiiijr and the swiftness (if the kinfr of birds. And yet the works of few really Kreat painters and anionjr the really great we plaei- Ferrari have ujion the mind a more ilistre>sinj; sense of iiniierfeetion. Kxtraonlimiry firlil- ity of fancy, velunient drainalif i)as- sioii, sini'ere study of naturi', and great command of leelinieal resources are here (as elsewhere in l-'errari's frescos) naturali/.eil by an iiunralile defect of the conihiniiijr and harino- ni/ing faculty so oseiilial to a mas- terpiece. Eagle, The. So Lord T?vron, in '/lil'lf llnnihl (iii. .vviii'.), calls Naiioleon l'.oiia|)arIe. Eag-le of Brittany, The. A title applie(l to r.ertrand I)u (liiescliii. constable id France. Eagle of Divines, The. A so- liri(|iiet siuiirt inies apjilied to Thoiiias A(iuiii:is. Eagle of Meaux, The. \ name fiivcii 1(1 .laciiues IJeni^ne lios- siiet, at (ine time liislioj) of Meaux, whose h'liii' nil On'ti^ms arc unrivalled. The name is fjiveii to him in contradistinction to Fenelon, who was called The Sw.\N OF C.\MBRAY (7. ?.). llo was a prolate of vast parts, learned, elo(iuent, artful, and aspiriiif^, by which (jualities he rose to the first dignities in the CJallican church. Eagle of the Doctors of France, The. Pierre d'Ailhy, tlu; French cardinal and astrologer, who flourished in tlici fourteenth cen- tury, is so called. Eagle of the North, The. Axel Oxeiisticrna. Vid. AtiCiLA A(jL'i- I.OMIS. Earl of Milton's Comus, The. The Earl of 15ridgewater. Vid. Massoii, Life of Milton (iii. i. 1). Ebony. A humorous ajipcdlation bestowed on William IJlack- wood, the original puldislier of Jlldckfdiid's M(ii/iizinc, by James Hogg, in the Jftt d'csjiri't of the latter entitled Trmislulion of an Am-irnt Cluddre MS., which ap- jieareil in this magazine for October, ISIT. The publisher is introduced in these words: ^ And I looked, and behold a man elotlied in plain apparel stood in the door of his house; and I saw his name, and the number of his name; and his name wa< as it had been the C(.Ior of ebonv. Eddie Ochiltree. .\ character in .^cott's iKucl 77/c Aiiti'/iiiiri/, drawn to represent Andrew (ieiiimels or (lemble, who was know II as a wamleriiiL: br'^^ar or (/oil, rhnr.i' in the southern part of Scotland for the greater part of half a century. In his youth he had been a soldier: and the entcrtainini; sl.iries wliicli he told vi his camp liLTlis and adven- tures, united with his shrewd- EDW 98 EMI ness, drollery, and other agreea- ble qualities, rendered him a general favorite, and secured him a cordial welcome in every shepherd's cot or farm-house. He kept a lioi-se, and, on arriving at a place, he usually put it in a stable or out-house, without ask- ing permission, and tlien went into the house, where he stamped and swore till room was made for him at the fireplace or table. He preferred sleeping in a shed or stable, because there he would be less exposed, in undressing, to the curious eyes of people who always suspected him of having treasures concealed in his clotlies. He was a tall, sturdy old man, and was usually dressed in the blue gown de- scribed in the novel. He wore ii:on-soled shoes, and carried a walking-stick nearly six feet long, about his own height. He was never indiscreet or burden- some in his visits, returning only once or twice in a year. He prospered in his calling, and saved what he obtained. He was considered tlie best player of draughts in Scotland, and" in that amusement lie frequently spent the long winter niglits. He claimed to be, at his death, 105 years old, and when he died his ' hoarded wealth was the means of enricliing a nephew, who then became a considerable landholder in Ayrsliire. Edwin. A name under which Thomas Vaughan, an inferior playwright, api)ears in Gifford's Baviad (line 351), where he says : And over Edwin's mewlings keep awake. And also in the same author's Mseviad (line 116), where he says: That I affix'd his name to Edwin's strains. figalitd. A surname given to Philippe, Due d'Orlc'ans, the fatlier of Louis-Philippe, because he took sides with the revolu- tionary party, whose motto was ' ' Liberty, Fraternity, and Equal- ity." Einzige, Der, i. e., "the Only One." A name given to Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, of whom Carlyle says that " in the whole circle of literature we look in vain for his parallel." 6l6ve of Little Esop, The. So Dr. Wolcot, in Ids postscript to the Ode on the Passions, calls Richard Grosvenor, Lord Belgrave. Eliab, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Absalom and Achitophel (pt. ii.), represents Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington. Vid. 1 Cliron. xii. 9. Eliakim, in Samuel Pordage's satirical poem Azaria and Hu- shai, is intended for tlie Duke of York, afterwards King James II. Eliza, referred to by Alexander Pope in Tlie Dvnciad (ii. 157), is Eliza Hey wood. Eliza Wharton, the heroine of Mrs. Hannah Foster's novel of the same name, was Elizabeth Whitman. Elocution Walker. A name given to Jolm Walker, a cele- brated teaclier of elocution, and the author of The Fronovncing Dictionnri/. Ely, the Carpenter's Son. A name assumed by Ellis Hall, about 15(12, who called himself a prophet. Vid. The Manches- ter Prophet. Eminence Grise, L'. A nick- name given to Francois Leclerc du Tremblay, better known as Father Joseph. He was a Capuchin friar, and to distin- guisli him from Richelieu, his master, who was called L'I^mi- nexce Rouge (7. v.), he was named as above. After his death, the following was written upon him: Ci-jrit, tin (.'hceur de cette figlise, Sa petite Eiuiiience grise; EMI 99 ENG Et quand au Seigneur il plaira, L'fcininence rouge y gira. Eminence Rouge, L'. A nick- name given to Cardinal Riclie- lien, on account of liis scarlet robes. Vid. L'Kminence Gkise. Emperor of Believers, The. Omar I., the second Calipli of the Mussulman (niipirc, and the fatlier-in-law of Mohammed. Emperor of the West, The. John Murray, the London pub- lisher, is so called, because he removed his phice of business from Fleet Street to Albemarle Street, at the west end of the city. Elmpty Flask, The. Under this name Alexander Pope figures in Welsted's poem J'alxmon to t'wliti at JJnth. Emulo. A character in Dekkcr's l)lay Piitii'itt (irissrl (London, l(i();;), drawn to ridicule I'.en Jonsoii, in whicli his early trade of a bricklayer is sarcastically alluded to. Enfant Sublime, L'. Victor Hugo. (/(/. Thk Subli.me Child. England's Domestic Poet. \Villi.tin Cowper is frequently thus called. England's Neptune. So Rich- ard liariifield, ill his jioein The Kiicoiiiiiiii (if IjkIii J'ti'iniid (Loudon, l.'i'.tS), calls Sir Francis I)rak<-. England's Nestor. So Richard I'.anilicld, iu liis jiociu '/Vc Kn- cinitinii of 1,(1:1 II J'lciiin'ii (Lon- don, l.'i'.tS), terms Sir John Ifaw- kins, the traveller. England's Pride and Westmin- ster's Glory. Sir I'^raiicis Hur- dett received tlii> title, hecauso he was exceediiiu'ly jxipiilar diir- iiiij his time, and re|iieseiited Wf'stmiiister in Parliament for nearly thirty xcars. English Achilles. The. A nick- name given tevereux, second l^arl of Fssex anil the favorite of Queen Elizabeth, by the French soldiers. Strickland, in her Life of Queen Elizabeth, says : If the talents of Essex had been equal to his cliivalry, he would have won the most brilliant reputation in Europe, but Ids achievements were contiiied to personal acts of valor, which procured him, in the French camp, tlie name of the English Achilles. English Alexander, The. A sobriquet given to Henry V. of England on account of his suc- cess in arms, in France. English Anacreon, The. A name bestowed by tlie cavaliers of his day upon Alexander lirome, the poet and dramatist, on ac- count of his love of wine and song. Cotton, in a poem ad- dressed to him, says: Anacreon, come, and touch thv jolly lyre, And bring in Horace to the choir. English Aretine, The. Thomas Jjoclge calls Thomas Nash, the old Knglish dramatist, " our true p]nglisii Aretine," jirobably for certain remarks which occur in his Pierce 7'c/u7'v.S'- /lis Siiiipli- mtiiin tij the Dvitill (]>. 'JO ed. English Aristophanes, The. Samuel Foote : also called The Moi>F.KN AinsToiMiANKs, on ac- count of his overllow ing humor. English Atticus, The. Joseph Addison. Viil. At in is. English Claude, The. A title sometimes given to Richard Wil- son, the Knglish painter, of whom Fuseli declares that " his tast(! was so exquisite, and his eye so chaste, that whatever came from his easel bore the stamp of ele- gance anil truth." English Demosthenes, The. So Doddridge calle.l Uichard l?ax- t.T. Engli.sh D'6on. \ name bestow- al bv Dilxiin on Mv<. Charlotte Clarke, th.- .humhter of Colley fibber. Vid. Fit/gerahi, A( w ENG 100 ENG History of the English Stage (ii. 170). English Ennius, The. A title be- stowed on I^ayamon, who wrote a Saxon translation of the Brut of Wace, in the twelfth century. English Eusebius, The. A name sometimes given to Gilbert Bur- net, the historian. English Hobbema, The. A name given to John L'rome, the elder, of Norwich, wliose last words were " O Hobbema, Hobbema, how I do love thee."' Patrick Nasmyth, the Scottish landscape-painter, is also so called, because his style is said to resemble that of the celebrated Flemish artist. English Homer, Our. A sobri- quet conferred on William War- ner, the author of Albion's Eng- land. I liave hoard him termed of the be.J*). Ascham, in his Torophilns (bk. A), denominates Chaucer " Our Englyshe Homer." English Justinian, The. Ed- ward I. is so named, on account of the reformation of the laws which took place in his reign. English Juvenal, The. A title bestowed on John Oldham, for the satirical qualities of his poems. Gill, the head-master of St. Paul'sschool, calls George Wither " Our Ju\enal." Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (i. 53). On the same page Samuel Daniel is spoken of as " Our Lu- can." English Marcellus, Our. A nickniimc gi\ en to Henry, Prince of Wales, sun of James A'l. of Scotland. The story of his life is a story of prospects and not f>f events, of a manly childhood, wise puberty, aiul it is chietiy in detached sallies of character, which promised a splendid future fame, that we seek for his cir- cumscribed history. From his cradle he gave infalliVde proofs of the best and greatest qualities, his courage was discernible in his infancj', and at thirteen years of age his pleasures did not in the least savor of a child, and as he grew older his moral disposition ornamented an excellent under- standing and governed a temper naturally haughty, so that he was beloved by all. He was master, theoretically, of the art of war, and used frequently to practise military exercise, and was criti- cally versed in all that related to the navy, even to the most mi- nute circumstances of ship-build- ing. He greatly delighted in rare inventions of art, in building and gardening, in music, sculp- ture, limning, and carving. He was courteous and affable to strangers, but had also a certain height of mind and knew well how to keep his distance. Di.s- raeli, in his Curiosities of Litera- ture, says: Prince Henry, tlie son of James I., our Enjrlisli ".AlarceUus, wlio was wept by all the muses, and mourned by all the brsive in liritain, devoted a great portion of his time to liter- ary intercourse, and the finest geni- uses of the age addressed their works to him, and wrote several at the prince's sufrgestion. English Mastiff, The. So Vos- sius, in a letter to Hcinsius. June 18. 1(151, terms John .Milton. Vid. .Masson, Life if Milton (iv. :n',i). English Merlin. The. Lilly, the astmlogcr. who published two tracts under the assumed name of " -Merlinus Analicus." But- ler, in Ihi'lH.nis (pt. i. ii. 34()), has lidiiuled him under the same naiiK.'. English Mersenne. The. A title given to John Cdllins, the mathe- matician, from liis contemjiorary the French philosopher ISIarin Mersenne. ENG 101 ENG In short, Mr. Collins was like the ref^ister of all tin- new acquisitions made in the niatliematical sciences; the magazine to which the curious had freiiuent recourse; which ac- miired hini the appellation of the Knf^lish Mersenne. Mutton. English Milo, Our. Bishop Hall, ill his Jiijircn upon Earth (in Works J). 'XM> ed. 1()'22), extols the valor of an Engiisliiiian un- der the title of "Our English Milo." the latter seeiiiiiif; to refer to Sir Walter Kaleifih. Vid. Notea and QiicrieH (1st ser. viii. 4ii5). English Montesquieu, The. A name hestowed upon .John Lonis I)c Loline, whose hook upon the P^^njilish ("onstitutioii has uiKities- tionahle merits. Disraeli, in his C'dldtnitK's of Aiit/toni, says: He lived, in the country to which he hati reMeil the Kll^'li-ll .MoilIesi|Uieu. English Opium-Eater, The. A 8ol)ri(|uet ane chief >iiiilii's >eeiii to have been iiiadi- in i-iunt-. English Roscius. The. David (Jariick ba^ 1" in sn called, being the must iiuinciil Fnglish actor of his day. ENG 102 ERE English Sappho, The. A name given to Mrs. Mary Robinson, an actress, and the author of some poems. Vid. The Fair Perdita. English Scarron, The. A title given to Alexander Oldys. Vid. Pliillips, Theatmm Foetarum Anglicanomm. English Seneca, The. Fuller says that Josej)!! Hall, Bishop of Exeter, "is commonly called our English Seneca for the pure- ness, plainness, and fulness of his style." Warton states that " the style of his i)rose is strongly tinctured with the manner of Seneca." He lias also been termed "the Christian Seneca." English Solomon, The. James I., whom Sully called " the wis- est fool in Christendom." Henry VII. also received the name of " the English Solomon," for his policy in uniting the houses of York and Lancaster. English Strabo, The. A name frequently given to William Camden. Camden was honored by the titles (for tlie very names of illustrious genius become such) of the Varro, the Strabo, and the I'ausanias of Brit- ain. Disraeli, Quarrels of Authors. English Terence, The. A title given to the dramatist Richard Cumberland. Goldsmith, in his poem Retaliation, alludes to liim as The Terence of England, the mender of hearts. John Davies of Hereford, in his Scovrge of Folly (1011), gives the same name to Shakespeare. English Vandyke, The. Will- iam Dobson, the portrait-painter, was so termed by Charles I. He is also called The English Tintoretto. English Virgil, Our. So Sir John Cotton, in his poem In Memory of Mr. Waller, calls Abraham Cowley. Our English Virgil, and our Pindar too. English Vitruvius, The. Inigo Jones, the architect, is so called. Vid. The English Palladio. English Xenophon, The. A title given to John Asteley, by Gabriel Harvey, in the latter's work Pierce's Svpereroffotion (1593), reprinted in Sir Eger- ton Brydges'^4rc/ian'a (vol.ii.) : I cannot forget the gallant dis- course on Iiorseiiiansliip, penned by a rare gentleman, ]M. .John Asteley, of the Court, whom I dare entitle our English Xenophon (p. 05). This book on horsemanship is mentioned by Tanner, by the title of The Art of Riding (Lion- don, 1584), and is excessively rare. Ensign. William INIaginn is re- ferred to by this name in the JVoctes Amhrosiaiise. Ephesian Poet, The. A name given to Hip])onax, who was born, in the sixth century B. C, at Ephesus. Epic Renegade, My. So Lord Byron, in the dedication to Don Juan (i. 5), calls Robert Southey. Epicurus of China, The. A name given to the Celestial em- peror Tao-tse, who commenced the search for the elixir of life. Eremite of Tibbals, The. A nickname given to W^illiam Cecil, Lord Burleigh, by (^ueen Elizabeth, in her playful letters to him. It became known to the pnl)lic in this way: The benchers of Gray's Inn having given a fine entertainment to the queen. Lord Burleigh deter- mined to do the same at his house at Theobalds. He left the arrangement of the enter- tainment in the hands of his son. Sir Robert Cecil, who taxed his poetic brain and produced an oration which was addi-essed to her majesty by a jterson in the character of a hermit, who spoke of himself as the Er(>mite of Tibbals and Sir Eremite. Thus through the same oration the public was informed of the nick- ERE 103 EUP names wliich the queen gave to her greatest statesman. Eretrian Bull, The. A name ^ven to Meiiedemos of Eretria, m Euboea, a Greek philosopher of the fourth century ii. C, from the bull-like gravity of his countenance. He was the founder of tlie Eretrian School, a branch of the Socratic. Erra Pater, in Butler's Ihidibras (pt. i. i. 120), may refer to Will- iam Lilly, tlie astrologer. Errans Mus. A nickname given to Erasmus l)y a jesting friar. Fi(Z. I'uttenham, Art of English Poesie (bk. iii. cap. 19). Erratic Star, The. A sobriquet bestowed upon the violinist Gioniovichi, Vid. C^rowest, Ma- sical Ant'cdotes (ii. l.'J4-o). Erz-Phllister. A nickname given to Clirist()j)licr Fricdrich Nico- lai. Ciiiif. Carlyle's works. Esquire South, in Dr. Arbuth- nofs Ilislitrii (if John Hull, rej)- resenfs the Archduke Charles of Austria. Est-ll-possible. A nickname be- stowed by ,IaiM('s II. on I'riiico Gf(T<;et (lestrtain of Varrovv ffliiie Alonj; 11 bari' iuid opeTi \ alley, The Kitriek Shrphenl was my Jliiide. ]Vi,nlsworth. Euarchus, in Sidney's Araulia, is said to be intended for the author's father. Eucharis, in Fe'nelon's Les AiK'ntiires de Telmaque, repre- sents Mile, de Fontanges. Euclid of His Age, The. A name given to Christopher Clavius, a Jesuit and mathema- tician of Germany. He was em- ployed by Gregory XIII. in the reformation of the calendar, which lie ably defended against Joseph Scaliger. Eugenius, in Sterne's Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandij, is supposed to represent the autlior's friend, John Hall Ste- venson. Eugenius, in Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poetry, is intended for Lord Uuckliurst. Eugenius Philalethes. A name which Thomas Vaughan applies to himself in his strange writ- ings. Vid. Anthkoposophus. Euphrasia, the interbjcutor in Clara lieev<;'s four prose dia- logues entitled The Progress of lioinanr'c, represents the author- ess herself. Euphues. A name under which John Lilly, or Lyly. the English dramatic po't, and author of Euji/iiies: The Analomg of Wit, figures in Harvey "s Pierce's Siiprrerogatioii ( London, l,")'.Ki) : An Ape is never to i^ceke of a pood face, to set ui)on the matter. Ulessed Kiiplnies, tliou oiielv hajjpv, that hast a traiiie of such pood eou'n- tenances, in thy lloorishiiip preen- motley livery; miserahle I, tlie unhappiest on earth, that am left desolate. Euphues. So Lord Bvron, in /)o;i ./mm (xi. .-)S), calls Bryan Waller I'rocter: Who, they say. Sets up for helnir a sort of iiioral me. Several of the revi<^wcrs had called I'roetcr a moral Byron. Euphuist, The. .\ sobriquet con- ferred on .loliii Lilly, on accoiuit of bis ccdelirated wi)rk Euphues : EUR 104 EXP The Anatomy of Wit, Corrected and Auf/niented (London, 1581), wliicli " did incalculable mis- chief," says Gilford, " by vitiat- ing the taste, corrupting the lan- guage, and introducing a spuri- ous and unnatural mode of con- versation and action." In this book he pretended to reform the English language, and to write and talk in imita- tion of his style, which shortly became fashionable, and was called Euphuism. Morley artirms that the work was suggested by The School- master of Roger Ascham. Euripides of Italian Opera, The. A name sometimes applied to Giuseppe Verdi. Europe's Liberator. So Lord Byron, in Don Juan (ix. 5), calls Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington. Euryalus. So Byron, in his poem Childish liecollections, terms George John, fifth Earl De La Warre. Evang-elic Doctor, The. John Wyclif. Vid. Doctor Evan- GELICIS. Evangelist of Economy, The. So Novalis calls Goethe. Evening Star of Stepney, The. William Greenhill. Vid. The Morning Star of Stepney. Ever Memorable, The. John Hales, autlior of tracts on Sc/iism (1()42), Golden Rtinuins, and other works, published by Lord Hailes in 17G5. E"wan Dhu. A title conferred on Sir Ewan of Lochiel, chief of the clan Cameron, from his sable complexion. He was the last man in Scotland who main- tained the royal cause during the great civil war. Vid. the appendix of Pennant's Scottish Tour. Exchequer of Eloquence, The. So Nash, in his Letter to the Two Universities, calls Sir John Cheke. Execrable Erostratus, This. So Gilford, in a note to The Baviad (line 2(30), calls Joseph AV'eston. Ex-oflacio Jemmy. A name given to Sir James Scarlett, Lord Abinger. As attorney- general under Wellington, he filed more ex-officio information on the part of the crown against the London newsjjapers than had been issued since the Anti- Jacobin times of Pitt. Vid. The Briareus of the King's Bench. Exotic Bookseller, The. A nickname given to James Ed- wards, a London bookseller, be- cause he dealt in works of for- eign stamp, and in dainty copies of miscellaneous bijoux. His first great enterprise, and one considered very bold, was the purchase, at Venice, in 1788, of the Pinelli library, the catalogue of which made six octavo vol- umes. In 1793 he bought the celebrated missal made for John, Duke of Bedford, when he was Regent of France. The above nickname was given to Edwards by Beloe, in his Sexa- genarian : lii. collertioris of a Literary Life (ii. 27G), where he says : We liave now to introrluce a book- seller of a singular description, who, in our notes, is termed tlie Kxotic Bookseller. He was the introducer of a new era, in tlie profession of wliicli he was so successful a mem- ber, and the anecdotes of Ids rise, from a humble station to frrcat opulence, and to a familiar commu- nication with the noble and the great, would of themselves form a very interesting and entertaining narrative. Expounder of the Constitu- tion, The. A title given to John .Marshall, chief justice of the I'liited States from' 1801 till his death. His decisions in the sujireme court raised that court to a ])oint of jiublic resj)ect and professional reputation wliich has not since been surpassed. EXP 105 EYE and particularly in the depart- ments of constitutional and com- mercial law he is considered of the highest authority. Expounder of the Constitu- tion, The. Daniel Webster has been so called, " on account of his elaborate expositions of the Constitution of the United States." Exterminator, The. A nick- name given by tin; Spaniards to Montbars, a celebrated French adventurer, "who signalized himself by his intense hatred of that peoi)lc, and by the atroci- ties he committed in the An- tilles and other Spanish colo- nies." Extra Billy. A nickname given to William Smith. He was born of Spanish, Scottish, and English ancestry, in IvingtJeorge County, Virginia. Ho was educated at Plainfield, Connecticut, but was called liouie in ISTJ, in conse- ((Uence of bis desire to join the I'. S. navy. In ISIH he began to practise law, and soon after- wards establislied a line; of stages through Virginia and the Carolinas, by which he made a fortune, lie charged extra for every package, large or small, which a passengisr carried, and thus received the nickname of Extra Billy. He says, however, he was called thus on account of his extra services to the state, while his political opijonents say it was bcscause of his extra bills. He was twice elected Governor of Virginia, and was a member of Congress several years. He has ever been a man of great energy and force of char- acter, a brave man but fre(|uently lacking good judgment. He was a brigadier-general in the Con- federate army and was wounded at Antietam. Eye of Modern Illumination, The. A name given to Francois Marie Arouet de Voltair(>, by John Morley, in his Voltdire (London, 187li, p. 5), who says : Yet Voltiiire was the very eye of modern illumination. It was he who conveytd to his generation in a multitude 'of forms the conscious- ness lit once of the power and tlie ri;;hts of human intelligence. An- other might well say of liim wliat he magnanimously said of his famous contemporary Montesiiuieu, that humanity had lost its title dueds aud he had recovered them. FAB 106 FAI F. Pabius. So Dryden, in his poem Threnodia Auf/nstalls (line 388), calls Charles II., King of Eng- land. Pabius of France, The. A name given to Anne, Due de Mont- morency, grand constable of France, who, by laying Provence waste and tlius prolonging the campaign, almost annihilated the invading imperial army. Factory King^, The. A title be- stowed on liichard Oastler of Bradford, the successful advo- cate of the " Ten Hours Bill." Faineant, Le, or The Indolent. A title sometimes given to Louis V. of France. Fair, The. A nickname given to Philippe IV. of France, who was one of tlie handsomest men in the world, and one of the largest, and well proportioned in every limb ; but he was iras- cible, overbearing, selfish, cov- etous, and tyrannical, and had recourse to the most iniquitous measures to supply his coffers, being guilty of many acts of the grossest injustice. Fair, The. A nickname given to Charles IV. of France, who in- herited liis fine looks from his father, Pliilippe IV. Fair Brydges, The, in George Gascoigne's poem in liis Hundreth Svndrie Flowers (1572), is Cathe- rine, the daughter of Edmond, second Lord Chandos, and the wife of William, Lord Sands. Fair Florence. So I^ord Byron, in Childi; Harold (II. xxxii.), calls Mrs. Spencer Smitb. Fair Geraldine, The. So the Earl of Surrey, in his poems, calls Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, in the reign of Henry VIII. Anthony "Wood states that Ger- aldine was born at Florence, and that "Surrey, travelling to the emperor's court, grew acquainted with Cornelius Agrippa, famous for natural magic, who showed him the image of his Geraldine in a glass, sick, weeping on her bed, and resolved all into devout religion for the absence of her lord ; that from thence he went to Florence, her native city, where he published an uiuversal challenge in honor of her beauty, and was victorious in the tour- nament on that occasion." The challenge and tournament are true; for the shield jiresented to the earl by the great duke for the puri)ose is represented in Vertue's print of the Arundel family. But the place of her birth is altogether gratuitously assumed. The Earl of Orford, who has ap- plied himself with more succf'ss than any other writer to the solu- tion of this lady's history, makes out pretty clearly that she was the Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, in the reign of Henry VIII. " Henry, Earl of Siirrey," says his lordship, " who had at least as much taste for women as letters, and was fond of s])lendor and feats of arms, contributed to give a ro- mantic turn to composition: and I'etrarch, the poet of the fair, was naturally a pattern to a court of the complexion of that of Henry VIII. In imitation of Laura, oiir earl had his Geraldine. Who she was we are not told directly ; FAI 107 FAN ho himself mentions several par- ticulars relating to her, but not her name. I think I have very nearly discovered who this fair person was." Fair-Haired, The. A nickname given to Duncan Macintyre, a Gaelic poet. In early life he was emi)loyed as a forester, but later joined the army and was raised to the rank of sergeant. He wrote pfHitry in the Gaelic, in a style 8tat(Ml, by competent judges, not to have been equalled since the time of Ossian. In his old age he was one of the City Guard of Edinburgh. One of his Hnest pieces, The Last Fareiorll to the Jlill.i, was written when he was seventy-eiglit. Fair-Haired Daughter of the Isles, The. So Jiyron, in L'liildc Jldml'l (iv. 170), terms Augusta Charlotte, the only cliild of G(H)rg(' IV. and Caroline of Brunswick, who died November (5, 1.S17. Fair Maid of Anjou, The. A iKiiiic given to Lady Kdith I'hin- tageiict, wife of David, I'rince Koyal of Scotland. Fair Maid of Galloway, The. A pojiular name fTvood, D. D., rector of Keg- worth, Leicester, but during the English Rebellion a resident of Utrecht. On the return of Charles II. to the throne of Eng- land, he was made Dean of Lin- coln. He collected many early printed books of great rarity, whicli were kept together till 1817. when Dean Gordon dis- persed the collection and re- placed it by the purchase of modern works comi)aratively of no value. Dibdin, in his Bihlio- grnphical Decameron (iii. 275), says : Tlie latter (Samuel Pepys), you know, was secretary to tlie Admi- ralty the especial good friend of Jolin Evelvn and, without, a man of tlie most iiu'oiiiiiurahle felicity of temper and unextiiisuisliable ar- dor in the collection of books and prints. lie adixed scarcely any bounds to liis bibliDiiiaiiiacal appe- tites, and may possibly be called the Fatlier among rhilological English Antiquaries; although, upon sec- FAT 109 FAT ond thoughts, Honvwood and Moore may dispute tliat liiKh honor with him. Father Ben. So Dryden, in his Essay on J>ramalic Pocstj (Lon- don, lt)ri'iients Charh's Edward Stuart, tlie Youiijj; Prctciidor. Father Duchesne, a name given to Jacques Heiie He'l)ert, chief of the Cordelier Clnh in the French Revolutiil;.'e liad his pipe and his dram, And at uiirlit, liis cloy'd thirst to awakiii, He w;is Mivcii with a rasher of haul, Which proi'iired liim tlie surname (,f liac.n. Father Hoskins. A name con- ferreij by I'.en .foiisdn on Ser- geant .lolin 1 iiiskins. 'Iwas lie that puli-h'd Hen .lonson tlie iHH-t, and made Idm si)e:tk ili ar, wtiereupim he (\ cr afler called (Jiir author l-'alher Hopkins. \\'()o(l, Attn iKi' O.riiiiii iisls. Father Joseph. Francois Le- clere du 'I'reiiiiilav. Vi'l. Ai/ii.u Father Marauder. A iiame given til I.iiuis l'"rani'(iis Aruianii Du n.-sis (].. ilieiielieu, a Hiar- sliai iif I'ratii-e. I)uriiiu' tlie Se\cn N'ears' War he indemni- lied liiin--' If fur glmy I'y Imdiy, suhjerted HaniiMT and the neiuliliiiriiig eantnns tn a ran- siiiii, and )ii!lau'iil and aullinr- i/eil |iillau'i' ariiiind liim with sliamidess cynicism, thus liccnm- ing known to his army and the Germans as Father Marauder. Father Norbert. Pierre Parisot, the French missionary, is some- times thus called. Father of America, The. Sam- uel Adams was so called. Vid. Frothingham, Li/e and Times of JoKt'jih Warren (p. 14.'>): He was; so widely and favorably known that he was now addressed as " Tlie Father of America." Father of Angling, The. Izaak ^Valton was known hy this name by his contem[)oraries. Father of Arabic Literature, The. An epithet given to Al- Mamoun ( Mohammed- Aben- Amer), the seventh (.'aliiili of the race of the Abassides, who succeeded to the tliron(; in MLS and ruled twenty years. In his youth he chose for his coni])an- ions the most , I'.a->iliii is the parent of the title l'iiii(/> rirc - \\]iir\\ has been corrii|ited into I'liiid' rilh\ From the iili~crvalion of hi- critic^, he appears to have lii-iii 1 he I'ather of Uacchanalian l*iietr\ in Frame He frei|iiciiteil piililic fi-lhals, and was a Wi-lcoine trui -t at the tahh- of the rich, Hliirc the \',iinh i-'in- :is in such rcijuc-t that i; i- -iiii|iii-i d to h;i\e Mip.r-i ill d tie- I oiilr, oi- Fab- liau, or < haii-'in d'A ni.nir. Fntherof Black-l.ettor Collec- tors, The. .\ siibrii)uet uivfii til 1 M'. .lolm Mo'ire. an cinini'nt Kiiudish iinlalc. i'd-lmp of Nor- M ich in hi'.'!, and of I'",!v from 1707 till his death in 1711. Jlo \\ as an eminent patron of learn- FAT 110 FAT ing and learned men of his time, and anion^ the earliest if not the earliest to collect the black- letter literature of England. He thus saved many works which would have otherwise jjerished. His collection, during his life- time, was used by many writers, and its ;50,0UO volumes were, at his death, purchased by George I. and i)resented to the Univer- sity of Cambridge, where it is arranged in twenty-six classes. Father of Black-Letter Lore. A sobriquet given to Samuel Pepys, who, besides being the author of tlie celebrated diary that bears his name, was a col- lector of books. Tliey are now in Magdalen College, Cam- bridge. Among them is a colhic- tion of Englisli ballads, in tive large volumes, begun by Selden, and carried down to 1700. Percy's Reliqites of Ancient En;/- lish Poetry are for the most part taken from this collection. Father of British Inland Navi- gation, The. Francis Egerton, Duke of ijridgewater, the origi- nator of the first navigable canal constructed in Great Brit- ain. ' By that title he will ever be known," says Harriet Martineau. Father of Burlesque Poetry, The. JTi|ipoiiax of Ephesus, Avlio flourished in the sixth century B. C, is so called. Father of Choral Epode, The. A name given to Stcsichoros of Sicily, who flourished in the sixth century B. C. Father of Clock-Making', The. A nickname given to Thomas Tom] lion, a celebrated English watch-maker, to whom Honest George Graham (7. v.) was ap- prenticed. Adam Thomson, in his Time and Time-Keepers (1842), says: Wat<'h-iii;ikers, until prevented by recent restrictions, were in the liatiit of niakiiif; frcciucnt jjilfiriinajrcs to tlie sacred sjiot; frcim tlic inscription and the place they felt proud of their occupation, and many a secret wish to excel lias arisen while silently contemplating the resting- place of the two men whose memory tliey so much revered. Their mem- ory may last, but tJie slab is gone. Who would suppose that on a small lozeuge-shapcd bit of marble was all that was left to indicate where lie the bodies of the Father of Clock- making, Thomas Tomiiion, and Hon- est George Graham ! Father of Comedy, The. So Warton, in his Etssai/ on Pope (fol- lowing Aristotle), calls Homer. Aristophanes, the Greek drama- tist, is, however, generally des- ignated by this sobriquet. Father of Curtesie, The. A nickname given to Richard de Beauchamp, twelfth Earl of War- wick, a hero of chivalry, and a note dfigure in the Middle Ages. Emerson, in his Enraiy title be- stowed on ^\illialll 'Siiiith, th(! maker of the earliest ucological map of I'^iiu'laiid, and the discov- erer of the idenlilicat ion of strata. Father of English Numbers, The. So Drvden calls Kdnniiid Waller. Father of English Poetry, The. A S'.bri'iih I li.-.,i,iwrrl by .luhn I )ryileii upon ( 'Iliik-it. Father of English Pottery , The. A nickiiainc uivcu to .josiah M'cdLCuood. Tlioii^h the maii- ufactiirc of pottery was not oiii:i- n.iUy introduced by him, |)oticr- ies haviiiL,' been cstablislie(l as early as the re iu'u of IMw ard 111., be \\ as ne\ crthelrss t In' <'rcator of iMiU'lish pottery as an ai't. Father of English Printing, The. William t'a.xton. Father of English Prose, The. A name aiiplied botli to lloj^er Aschain and John Wyclif. Father of English Song, The. A name jriven to<'a'dmoii. Vid. TUK DUKAMKK OF WllITIjy. Father of English Unitarian- ism, The. A title conferred on John Hiddle, author of vari- ous anti-Trinitarian tracts in the seventeenth century. Father of Epic Poetry, The. A name j;iven to ll(imer. Father of Equity, The. Ifene- aiic Kiiicli, Karl of Nottingham. Vid. A.MUi. Father of Prankish History, The. A title bestowed on (Jreii- ory of Tours on account of his ten books of Prankish liistory, G'st'i, Vhrniiicnn Frniicnrutn, the first attempt at French Iiis- torioj^raphy. Father of French Burlesque, The. A nickname >ii\fii to Paul Scarron. who intioduced that kind of literature in France. Father of French Eloquence, The. .\ nickname jiiven to .Main t'hartier, a jioet and lit- terateur. His composition in jirose excelled those that were jiix'tical, and he spoke as well as lie wrote. When .Margaret of Scotland, the dauphin's wife, saw him on one occasion asleep u]>on a chair, she w i nt up ami kissed his lips in admiration of the "sweet wurds which tiowcd from them." Father of French Enigma, The. \n epillo't which (h.irl'-s Co- tin bestowed upon hinisilf. Father of French History, The. A nickname uivi-n to Michel- Jean-. lo-.i'ph i'.rial. a l-"rench lieiiedici ine scholar and histo- rian, anil aullior of !; .-h. ,i ,/. .< Ili.sl.nr. s t,.ni',,,.^, .c. DilMlin, in his .\iitniu.iri,ni '/'III- 1,1 /',:/,,'' (ticl '/ r mil nil ( ii. p. _'! I , say^ : The arrliile,! of ||m- ma.- niliceiit fronl of >t . Ml 1 1 arc w a- set \ aihl'ini ; and a ,-li-. .( jiaid \<\ . in wlii^-h hoiii Urial, tlie father of l-rench liiMor\. FAT 112 FAT resides, takes its name from this architect. Father of French History, The. An epithet given to Jean, Sieur de Joinville, one of the earliest French liistorians, on account of liis Histoire de .St. Lovis, one of the most valuable works in tlie whole literature of the Middle Ages. Andre' Duchesne, who flour- ished in the seventeenth century, was similarly called, and the name is also bestowed on Geof- froi de Yillehardonin (died 1213) on account of his Histoire de la Conqnete de Constantinople. Van Laun, in his History of French Literature, says: Tlie first French historian whose work was originally written in the common form of speech is also and tlie fact must be emphasizefl as one of special significance the first notewortliy writer of French prose. Father of French Philosophy, A. This name has been given to Jean le llond d'Alembert, joint editor of the famous Enoj- clopxdia. He wrote the Dis- covrs Fre'liminaire, "a model of pliilosopliical composition, which is lucid, profound, eloquent, and logical. He possessed the rare combination of mathematical acuteness and precision, with elegance and good taste, vast genius, and plodding industry." Father of French Poetry, The. An e])ithct sometimes given to Thibaut IV., Count of Cham- pagne, "who first introduced into French poetry the alternate masculine and feminine rhymes, and a more tuneful system of metres than had hitherto been em])loyed." Father of French Prose, The. GeolTroi de Villehardouin, who flourished in the twelfth cen- tury, is sometimes thus called. Md. The Father of French HiSTOIlY. Father of French Satire, The. An ai)])ellati()n bestowed on Mar tliurin Kegnier. Father of French Sculpture. The. A name applied to both Jean Goujon and Germain Pilon. Father of French Tragedy, The. A nickname given to llobert Gamier, a French tragic poet. He was designed for the law, which he studied for some time, but quitted it for j)oetry. In his tragedies, imitated from Seneca, Sophocles, and Euripi- des, he displayed at least the art of keeping up a dialogue, though lie is often harsh, prolix, and dif- fuse. His want of taste appears in all his creations, of which the best is Bradamante, a tragi- comedy, whereof the plot is borrowed from Ariosto. In his Hippolj/tiis there is a descrii)tion of a foreboding dream of exqui- site beauty, equal if not superior to anything in Racine. During his lifetime his works were read with great pleasure by all cla.sses of persons, and he was held in high esteem, being considered by his contemporaries not infe- i-i'or to Euripides or Sophocles. Ho also wrote songs, elegies, epistles, eclogues, etc. His col- lected works were printed in 1597 and again in liiOT. The Countess of Pembroke (Sir Philip Sidney's sister) in 1592 translated his tragedy of An- thonij into Ejiglish. Father of German Literature, The. A title bestowed on Guft- hold Epliraim Lessing, "'the ad- mitted reviver of the national character of German literature, which before his time was cor- rupted and enslaved by French influence's." Father of German Minstrelsy, The. An eiiithet conferred on Henry of Veldig, who flourished in the beginning of the twelfth century, and is the author of several poems resembling epics in dignity and length, among which are Dtd-e Krnest; The Tro- jan War; and The Legend of i>t. Gerve. FAT 113 FAT Father of Grace and Elegance, The. Joucliiin DuUelhiy. Vid. The Fuk.nch Ovid. Father of Greek Music, The. TiTpaniltT of Lesbos, who flour- islied in the stjveiith century li. C, is so calh'd. Father of Greek Prose, The. lierodiitus is lr((iueiitly tlius al- luded to. Father of His Country, The. A title given by the Roman senat(> to Cieero. Marius was otTered tli(^ same title but refused it. Afterwards several of th(^ (^a-sars were so called, Auj^ustus, Julius after subduinj; the Spaniards, ete. Cosmo d(! Mediei earned tlie title; and .\iidronicus I'aheolo {JUS assumed it. (Jn the statue of Andrea Dorea of Ceuoa. the same apiiellation was inscribed. In our country, it hns been poj)- Tilarly conferred on WashinL;ti)ii. The Knii)erors llein-y I. and Frederick I. of (iermany were both called by this name, and so was Suirar, abbt' of St. Denis in the twelfth ( eutury. He was a French minister of state, and received the title from his wise administration, strict justice, and true i>atriotism. Fatherof His Country, The. An a]iiieliati(in lmvcu to Frederick I., Km|)erorof (iermany. In his desire to emulate C"harlemai;nc, whom he took to be his model, and to raise the secular jxiwcr of his Country, he was comiielled to cross the .\lps six times, in order to subdue refractory cities in I>ombardy. I?y cnerLcetic; meas- ures he succeeded in liuml>iinLC his troiiblesdme vas-^al.the Duke of I'.runsuicU, and thus crushed theCiueltic f;icti(in in ( Iermany. He maile I'(il;ni(ccaccio. Disraeli, in his Litcrunj Miscellanies, says: Pefrnrrli, wlio i< not the inventor of tliat teiKler iioctry of whicli h<' is tile model, and Hoccaciio, caHed tiie fiUlier of Ilaliau novcHsts, liave alike i)rolite(l hy tlie studious perusal of writers wlio are now read onlv liy tliosc who liave more curiosity tluui taste. Father of Jests, The. A title ironically liestuwed npen .loseiili Miller, an lMiL;lish ccimedian, ^\ho, being a dullard himself, be- cauH' the butt of thecurnnt .iest- ers. The celebrated J.slhu,,/,-, published afti-r his death, is as- scribed to liim, but if is (luestion- alilc whether he was the autiior. F.ather of Jurisprudence, The. A name conferred upon (ilan- ville, tlu'autlicir of Triirt.i/ns ,h> L'ltihiix ,f ('(iiisio ti(
  • i:s l.r.rruKsi and I..>ren/,u de M.-diei. hei h of ^\lclMl Were muniricrnt patrons of literature and art. FAT 114 FAT Father of Lies, The. Vid. St. John viii. 44. This title has been given to Herodotus on account of the wonderful stories he relates. It is, however, not merited, for in late years his veracity is being confinned more and more. Father of London, The. A nickname given to Sir John Bar- nard, a merchant, sherilf, alder- man, and mayor of London. In the latter capacity no man ever discharged the otHce with greater reputation to himself or advan- tage to the public. During his whole mayoralty, he paid a pa^ ternal attention to the welfare of his fellow-citizens. Tliough he was greatly devoted to a country evening retirement, he would not sleep a single night in his subur- ban residence, lest any person should be injured by his indulg- ing himself even with a short absence from the city. He took care to see that his strict injunc- tions to remove the nuisance of common beggars were observed, and scarcely a vagrant was to be seen. He softened the penalties of young delinquents, and his seasonable lenity became happily successful in restoring deluded youths to regularity of conduct. He would not permit, if it could be ])ossibly avoided, any persons to be committed to the Compter, even for a single night, without the accusations being heard. He thought that the continenient of a single night might, if they were innoix'nt, be injurious or otherwise be distressing to them- selves or families. Vid. The Father of This City. Father of Medicine, The. A sobriquet conferred on Hi])pnred liy Warlmr- ton : because hotli, like Soci'ates, snuled at that mere erndition winch con>isis of knowinj; the thoujrlits of others, and lia\ ing no thoughts of our own. Father of Modern Music, The. A nickname given to John Chrysdstom Wdli'uang Theophi- 1ns Mozart. "His hltiiii'iKo forms an ei)oeb in the history of music. His J)"!/ ( 1 i'lrniini, un- doubtedly his inastii-work, has the most e.\<|uisile melodies and jiertect harmonies: all that is tender, jdayful, iiathetic, terri- ble, mysterious, and sublime.'' Father of Modern Painting, The. Leonardo da Vinci has been thus reffrrcd to hv I.,an/.i. I'/'/. Spoon. 'r, Ainciintoi r J'l. (Jen. iv. "Jl. (iiovanni I'.attista Aloisio da Palestrina is likewise so called. I'.urney says that " by his tine taster aiul admirable skill in har- numy he brought choral music to a degree of jierfection that has never been e.\ceed<(l." Father of Navig'ation, The. Don Hcnrii|uc. Duke of \'isco, usually called " Henry tlui Navi- gator," who tirst made use of the comjiass, and to whom is ascribed the invention of the astrolabe. Father of Obstetric Surgery, The. A nicku;imc L;iven to I'aulus -I'Lgineta, a celebnited (Ireck ]diysiciau, born in the island of .I'.gina. Little is known of his life. He studied tirst at Alexandria, and after- wards in (;reec-e. His /".//ile lay in surucry and ohstctri<'s. ll(i opened inicriial abscess.'s by caustics. iiiijiio\cil t he M]ie!-at ion of lil h( ilomy. dcscribc/ Spain, divichd into thirty books. This lie wrote at lirst in Latin ; hut, fear- ing lest Honio unskilful pen should sully the re[)Utation of tlie work by a bad translation of it into Spanish, he undertook that task liiniself, not as a trans- lator hut as an author, who mis^bt assume the liberty of altering; and adding;, as lu; found rofniisitc. Vet neitlier the Latin nor the Spanish came df)wn later tlian the reiLin of ("harlcs v., where hi- conchided his thirty books, not earini; to ven- ture nearer his own times, be- cause he could not speak with freedom and imiiartiality of persons then alive, or whose immediate descendants were livin;^. JI(> afterwards brou^iit it diiwn, at the instii^ation of friends, in a short suiiphsment, to Ki'JL Dibdin, in his Lihrunj Vompanion, says: Mariaiui is llic father of Spiiiiish Hi-tcirv, pr<)|)crly x) calleil. Hi-; work fii>t appeared in the I^aliii hiii- jiua-ic at Toledd, in l.V.i-,'. Hut to- wards the end e of maii\' suli-e- (juent i)ulilicaiii>us alirid^ri-d or amplitied, more or less under the name of the liistorian. Father of Symphony, The. A Siihr; ^\'illiam ('a.xtoii, tlie first I-biirlisb jiriiiter. Father of the Church, The. .\ liallic Siiiip-I iliies i,M\cn t'> .lac'i|lle^-l'.. IliuMlo rui-siiet, a eel- eliraud l-'ieni b di\ iiie, wlio lo some extent made the (iallicaii cliurrb illdepeiidcnt of Kdliie. \an I, ami. in iiis l/i.ri/ d' /v. ;,. A /.,:. r.iiur. . say> : - ' Hi- (onteiupoi arv , l,a lliir- ere, nteiupoiarv, calli d hiui tile laih. r and ho is in fact a lepitiniate succe.s. -sor of the jiatristic writers and preacher.s of the curlier Christian centuries, who swayed their hearers by their tongues as much or more than fliey persuaded later genera- tions by their pens. Father of the French Drama, The. l^:tienne Jodelle. Father of the French Riddle. An epithet which the Abbe' Charles Cotin ajiplied to him- self, but posterity has not con- lirmed his right to the appella- tion. Father of the German Exege- sis, The. An epithet given to Richard Simon, a man who (ex- hibited a great amount of learn- ing, especially in the oriental lan- guages, but his works are mixed with niueli conceit and scei)ti- cism. Henri Martin, in his Jlislory o/ Fruive, says: Ricluird .'^inion, too inucli nefth'Cted in Frame on account of tlie more pas-ioiiate than S( ieiititic character assumed liy the iiliiloso|)liic war of the eifihteenth cent nry, has become tlie Father of the (icrnian K.xegesis, and will In- always studied witli re. si)ect by all who wish to take into serious uccoiint tlu' important (piestions relative to the sacred te.\t.-. Father of the Greek Drama, Tlie. Tbespis, wliii llourished in tbesi.xlh century 1!. ('. Father of the House. The. William 1). Ivellev was suealled. I'/./. Ce... \V. .luliaii's J'i-l'lh rli"iis (p. :;til). Father of the Latin Poets, The. A sobriquet given to (^)uititiis Kniiius, who was the lirst among the Koiiiaiis who w tote bernic ver-e^, and greatly liiilisiied Latin iuMtiy . Father of the Modern German Drama. The. .\nepitliei ui\en to.\nilieas ('ii'ipliius, a .'-^ibsian dfamalist . Hew mte both roin- eclii-s and trauedi. s, took Seneca for bis iih'del. i^ pnnipous, de- clamatory, and overstrained; but Ills jdois .ire -""d. and ids cdiaiactrrs well di.iwn. Two of FAT 118 FAT the latter, namely, Peter Sqitenz, an author, and Jlorribli-ficribri- tax, a coward and boaster, liave become houscliold words in Germany. Father of the Oratorio, Tlie. A title bestowed on Giovanni Animuccia, an Italian composer of the sixteenth century. He composed the celebrated Laudi, " which wore sung at the Ora- torio of S. Filiiipo, after the con- clusion of the regular office, and out of the diainatic tone and ten- dency of which the ' Oratorio ' is said to have been developed." Father of the People, The. This a])iiellation was bestowed on Louis XII. and Henri IV. of France; Christian III. of IJenmark; and on Gabriel du Pineau, the French lawyer. Father of the Poets, The. A name sometimes {iiven to Ed- mund Spenser, as the inspirer of other poets. Father of the Poor, The. A title given to Bernard Gil])in, on account of his unwearied exertions among the poorer classes. Father of the Rondo. The. A sobriquet conierred on .Jean V>a\)- tiste Davaux, a celebrated French musical composer (calh'd " Le Fere aux Itondeaux "). Gliick, however, in his opera Orplicus, was the tirst to in- troduce the musical rondo into France. Father of the Spanish Drama, The. Lope da \'ega is so called. because his dramatic ])ro(luctioiis greatly excel those of all his predecessors. Father of the Vaudeville, The. A title conferred on (Jlivier I5as- selin, a Xoinian poet of the fif- teenth centuiy, who bestowed upon his songs the name of his native valley, the Val-de-Vire, old French Vdn-dc-Virc, since corru])ted into the modern Vau- deville. Father of the Virgin. This name was given to Abou-Bekr, the parent of iNIohammed's favor- ite wife. He was the founder of the sect called the Sunnites. Father of This City, The. An epithet conferred upon Sir John Barnard, in the Records of the Court of Common Council, of London, which state: July, 1758, !Sir John BariiiU'd, so justly and eniphiitically stykil the Katlier of this City, having lately, to the great ami histing regret of tliis court, tlioiiglit i)ro])er to resign the otiiee of aldeinitiu, it is unani- mously resolved that the thanks of this court be given him, for having so long and so faithfidly devoted himself to the service of ids fellow- citizens. Vid. The Father of Lon- DOX. Father of Tragedy, The. ^s- chylus is so called, on account of the great improvements intro- dticed l)y him in his dramatic compositions. Thespis, who went about in a wagon with his stroll- ing ])layers, and originally intro- duced dialogue in the choral odes, is also sometimes so named. He has been referred to as "the Eichardson of Athens," and Diy- den, in his Art of Podru (Trag. cap. iii.), refers to him tlius: Tlies])is was first who, all besmeared with lee, Began this jileasure for posterity. Father of Tragedy, The. So Warton, in his Ks^mj on, Pope, alluck'S to 11 oilier. Father of Tuscan Poetry, The. A name given to Tonpiato Tasso. Father of Vertu in England, The. A title given to Thomas Howard, Fail of -Vrniidel, who discovered the Parian marbh'S which bear bis name, and wliirh he gave to tiie l'ni\ t-rsitv of Ox- ford. Father of Your Country, The. St. N'inccnt de Paul. Vid. Le PeKE IM-. LV P ATI: IE. Father Paul. l'i( tro Sarpi. Vid. Pali, of Venic e. FAT 119 FEM Father Thoughtful. A name be- stowed on Nicliolas Catinat, Mar- shal of France, by bis soldiers, on account of bis caution and juilicnient. Father Violet. A nickname be- stowed upon Bonaparte by bis partisans, atter bis banisbnient to tlie island of Elba. "The flower and tbe color were i)ab- licly worn by tbeni as a party distinction." Fattore, II., /. < ., Thk Sri;w.\Ki). A nickname <;iven to (iiovanni Frnncesco I'enni, an Italian j)ainter. He was intrusted with all tbe domestic concerns of Itajibacl. and was also one of bis l)rinciiial assistants, especially in the execution of tbe cartoons of tbe Ara/zi. .After tbe deatb of Kapbael, be I'xecuted many frescos and siveral oil-pictures, but so few of bis works remain that tbey are consiilercd ^reat rarities. His cbaiacterlstics were a facility of cnnccpti's O'/r to Sjn-iint, ill tbe Jioi'fs baiidw ritiiifi, and enlilled .\''li . Ill tbe mariiin of it occurs this interesi Iml; imte ; ' I In ll.;;ilillill,L.' "f .llinc, 171-'. MUt to l':i\ ., iiul kiiuuiii;,' lie \v;i- then Icii.l." This jirovesthat (!ray received no iiitiiiMtioii of his friend's appro. icliini,' death. I'hc 1.-. ,,f West." says Mr. (iosse, "was one (,f the most lirofound tliat his reserved na- ture ever sutVcred ; when that name was mentioned to iiiiii. nearly thirty years afterwards, he became visibly agitated, and to the end of bis life be seemed to fe(d in tb(5 death of West ' the attliction of a recent loss.' " Favored Child of Victory, The. An epithet given to An- dre Ma.s.sena, a Marshal of France, on account of bis suc- cession of succe.s.ses in Italy, Switzerland, Ciermany, and Po- land. Favorite Disciple of Coleridge, The. A title frefpiently be- stowed on Thomas .\llsop, an author and stock-broker. Fearless, The. Jean, second Duke of Burgundy. Vid. !Sans 1'kuu. Feather in the Scale, A. So Dr. Wolcot, in bis lliiii-r<)liiiiiiioii of tier iiiinil. ill III I' lialiitiial lielia- \ iiir, ami in lln- kiiel of iiilliieiire ,-lie exilteil. a fellKlle I'l illtelli lie, a foil tehi lie llloir MitiMlv iHlieMilcllt.llUt a ri:il I'.mti mile in pneliiiri'. In tnr \ ii u - iiiiil |ii 'i\ i-ioii- loiii-eiiiiiii.' tier ou n iKfiii.iiH --. aihl in Inr v* av of .-pt-akiiiL'. Ml pli a-nre, faniiliarl\ , e]ii;.'raiiiiii.il ically, ami ironii'ally itiioiii l.iiterniv-s. Female Howard, The. So Mrs. Kli/alnlli Vvy has hc^n called, on account of " iur benevolent FEM 120 FIF exertions to improve tlie condi- tion of lunatics and prisoners." Female Msecenas, The. Lady JVlary W(.rt]ey Montagu is fre- quently thus called. Female Phidias, Our. So Dr. Wolcot, in his poem Pitt and His Statue, calls jNIis. Anne Seymour Damer, the English sculptor. Female Philosopher of the North, A. So Nichols, in his Illustrations of the Literary His- tory of the Eiiildeenth Century (iii. 720), calls Mrs. Catharine Cockburn. Fdnelon of Germany, The. A nickname given to Joliann (Jott- fried von Herder. He weaned his countrymen from l>ald and lifeless imitations of Italian, Frencli, and English authors. The title has been also be- stowed upon Johann Casi)er La- vater, a celebrated preacher, and a man of high religious enthu- siasm, mingled with asceticism. F^nelon of Scotland, The. A sobrifjuct bestowed ujion Robert Leighton, Archbishoj) of Glas- gow, who i)( ssessed, says lUirnet, his ])iogra]ihei', " the greatest ele- vation of soul, the largest com- pass of knowledge, and tlie most mortified and most heavenly dis- position that I ever saw in a mor- tal." Fergus Mac Ivor. A character in Scott's Wan liiy. said in some measure to have been founded on Co!. Alexander Ranaldson Maedonnell of (Ilengarry, who was the last genuine sjiccimen of a Ifighlaiid chief, and wlio was always attendeil liy a Highland retinue when journeying. Ferrarese del Bene. The sobri- quet of FraiKMsca f;al)rielli, an Italian vocalist, native of Fer- rara. Slu' was prima donna in Vienna in ITS'J. Fiametta, celebrated by Boccac- cio, is generally su))iiosed to have been >Iaria, a natuial daughter of Kobert, King of Kaples. Fiddling' Conyers. An epithet applied by L)r. Bentley to Dr. Conyers Middleton, who, besides being an able writer, was a di- lettante in mvisic. Fiddling Knight, The. So Dr. Woicot, in liis KpisLle to James Bosivell, calls Sir John Hawkins, the author of The History of Music. Fidus Achates. A name some- times given to Jolm IJallantyne, the friend of Sir Walter Scott, for his unceasing revision and correction of much of the novel- ist's jirose aiul poetry. Fielding Among Painters, A. A name occasionally given to William Hogarth, on acc he was m:\di' a lieuteuant in a regiment stationed in Ireland, wiiere, while vet a mere bov, he fought several' duels. In 17^0 he married, and thus obtained a fortune of thirty thousaml ]>ounils. I'pon the death of his father, he bei auie owui'r of Tor- lough, an estate lu'ar Castlebar, then worth foiu' thousand pounds a year, but his extravagant habits caused liim to be ever in peeu- niary ditliculties. Immediately after his marriage he resiu'ued his lieutenancy and went to I''ratice. At this jieriod his aji- jiearance was singularly striking. and it is said that it never chani:ed to the day of liis death. He was alio\it the middle height, in ]ierson very slight and Juve- nile, his countenance mild and insinujit ing, and tin' existing taste for splendid attire he ear- rieil to the uliiio>t extreme. The button and loop of his liat, his sword-knot, and his shoe-buckles were brilliant with diamonds, while lie wore two enamelled watches with a multitude of seals dangling from either fob. His coat and vest were as rich as French brocade and velvet could make them. His fondness for glittering bawbles and tinery amounted to a passion. He was the best and boldest rider, the deftest swordsman, the surest shot, and the most reckless gam- bler of the day; an author him- self and the jiatron of authors; with as much subtlety as daring; with intense pride of his race and intense contempt for all that was vulgar. Add to this an overbearing, haughty disposition, a love for duelling, a bitter hatred towards his enemies, and no hesitation about killing or shedding blood, and we have the strange anomaly called Fighting Fitzgerald. Fighting Joe. A nickname given by his Soldiers to (iencral Joseph Hooker. Similarly : Fighting McCook was bestowed upon ("leiieral Alexander .Mc- Dowell .NIcCook by his troops. Fighting Phil. A sobri(|uet ap- ]died to .Maj.-Cen. Phili|) Kear- ney. !'/(/. I)e|>eyster, I'lrfinal ainl MiUhini Uikunj of Phtlip Kiiirni'ij (]). :'A~). Near tins weak position, however, stoiiil three of the hanle-t-li^'hlhig men of the urinv, a trio, known ;is " l-'ii.'litin^' I'liil." I'i^rniing Joe," and l-'ijriiting l>an." Fighting Prelate, The. A name gixcn to Henry Si)encer. Hishojt if Norwi<-b. who ilistiniruished himself in N\':it Tyler's rebellion, first by rouiini,' the insurgents in the lieM, and then, exchanging his armor for sa<'er(lolal robes, by absol viuLT them before sending them to the gibbet. In l-l-S:! he went o\erto;iid the liuru'hers of (iluMit in their contest with the Count of I'landcrs and the French kin:r. FIL 122 FLO The Bishop of Norwich, the famous Fighting Prelate, had led an army into Flanders. Being obliged to return, with discomtiture, he had been charged with breach of the conditions on which a sum of money was granted to him, and the tempo- ralities of his see were sequestered. --Lord ('ampbell. Filia Dolorosa. A sobriquet con- ferred on Marie Tlie'rese Cliar- lotte, Diichf'S.^o d'Angouleme, the daughter of Louis XVI. On account of her attachment to Louis XVIII., wliose companion she was, site is not infrequently styled TitK Modeux Antigoxe. Finality John. A nickname given to Earl Russell, because lie maintained that the Reform Bill of 18:'>2 was "a finality"; nevertheless, in the years 1854, 18(10, and 18(i<), three more ap- peared. Firebrand of His Country, The. So Robert Persons, in his Three Conversions of Emjland (ed. 1(304 ii. 220), calls John Knox. Fire-Kindler, A. A nickname given to Cicero, for contributing tc the civil war, in declaring for Pompey. First Gentleman of Europe, The. Both (leorgu IV. of Eng- land and Charles X. of France were so called. First Grenadier of France, The. vVn honorary title bestowed by Bonaparte upon the celebrated Latour d'Auvergne, on account of his unparalleled bravery. First Lyrist of Prance, The. On a monument erected in 1S72, at Vendomoir, the native town of Pierre de lionsard, is the inscription : Pierre de Uonsard, premier Lyrique Fran(;ois. First Man of Letters in Eu- rope, The. So Rol)ert Southey is called in the Kvctes Anibro- slanae (Ixxi.). First of Existing Writers, The. Sf) Lord P.yron, in the dedica- tion prefixed to his Saidanapalus, calls Goethe. First of Philosophers, The. A name given to Gottfried Wil- helm Leibnitz. "The first of philosophers," the late Professor Playfair observed, " lias left notliing In the immense tract of his intellect which can be distinguished as a monument of his geniu--." Disraeli, The Literary Character. First of the British Periodical Essayists, The. A sobri(iuct bestowed upon Sir Richard Steele. First Scotch Reformer, The. Patrick Hamilton, who was burnt at the stake for his Lu- theran p-inciples, is so called. Fitzborn, in Disraeli's Virian 'jrey, is intended for Sir Robert Peel. Fitzgig. A nickname given to Fitzpatrick, an actor. Vid. A SiX-FoOT SUCKLIXG. Five P's, The. -^ iiickuivme given to William Oxberry, be- cause be was a printer, poet, publican, publisher, and player. Flagellum Dei, i. e.. The ScouKGp; (>F (k)D. An epithet bestowed upon Charles VIII., during bis invasion of Italy in 14!t.5. Flatterer, The. Vitellius, the Roman emperor, is so called. Vid. Tacitus, Ann((l(s (vi.;i2). Flatterer of Louis XIV., The. An e;>ithet conferred on Nicolas Despreaux Boilcau, because of his dedication of some of ills works t(j that king. He was a powerful writer, and liis ene- mies were often at a loss how to attack hi:n. Flayed Fox, The. A nickname which was bestowed on Leonhard Fucbs. a le;iriii'd botanist, by .rohaiin Cornarius. Flimnap, the " Lord-Treasurer," in Swiit's ^iiillirrr'.-; '/'/((/' /.v, is intended as a satirical portrait of Sir Robert Walpole. Flosky, Mr., a transcendentalist in Thomas Love Peacock's novel FLO 123 FOS of Nif/htmnrp Ahhri/, is said to be intended for Samuel Taylor Coleri(ige. Flower of All the Aristocrats, The. S") Hannay, in his Satire and Sidirisls (p. 5),ealls Julius Ca'sar. Flower of Chivalry. The. A S(il))i(|ii(t coiilcrreii on William Douglas, Lonl of Liddesdale, wliii tlourislicd in the I'ouitefntli century; on Sir i'hili|) Sidney; and on the ("hevalit r de iSayard, Pierre du Terrail. Flower of French Chivalry, The. A name given to I'.er- trand du (luescjin. also called The K.v<;i.k (>( JIkitiany Flower of Poets, The. A title bistowed ujion Chaucer by some of Ills conii'Miporaries. Flower of Strathearn. The. An epiihi-t uiven to Caroline Oli- l)hant, r.ai-oness Nairne, a Scot- tish iis, on aci'ount of her preat beauty. ()bser\ing the tjeneral looseness in the sou'^'s of the peasantry, she atteniptcd to write heller words for the jxijiu- lar tunes, and the result was a eonsicleiahle number of souf^s, which w I re at once recoj^nized as amonijthe tinesi in the lamruMLre, amonj; w hieh were 77/e Limd . drawn to s.iiiri/e ioihert (ireene, the Enu'lisli no\elist and dramatist. In allusion to iiis many repent- ances, there occurs the line: If U\- li Im >tli tarn. In aiii'lher play, called l-'nir Fu, ( l,oiid..n, l.V.r'i), there is tlic line : - riircloii, (liar I'allier, iiiv fellies that are jia-l. These two plays, with one called The Prod if /al ,Son, now existing only in a (Jerman trans- lation from the En^rlish m tlio sixteenth century, are drawn more or le.ss from Clreene's Movrniity Gannenl or his Xvver too Late. Foaming: Fudge, in Disraeli's novtd of I'irian tin ij, is said to be intended for Lord lirouj^ham. Fog, The. A nickname iriven to ;Marie .Madeleine de la Vertrne La Fayette, a l-"rench atithoress, by lier friends, ' because foj(s d(j lift occasionally and reveal eharm- iiig horizons. She lived atul died between sorrowful sweetness and acute sutferinj;, worldly wisdom and penitence.'" Follower in the Footsteps, The. .\ name given to .Martin van IJureii by hini.S(df. ('/,/. The Poi-itic.vi. (ii:i.mai,kix. Fontenelle of His Generation, The. An e]dthet given to .lean Francois de La Hariie,on account of his etilogiums. Foolish, The. A ni< knamegiven to Louis VII. of France, for his extremely iini)olitic conduct. Foreigner, The. .V nicknamo given to L<'uis IV. of Fraiu'c, who re>idt <1 thirteen years in Kngland before he succeeded to the throne. He is also called D'Ot tick-.Mk.1i and 'I'ltANSM.v- r.iNK. Fortune's Empress. .\ii ei)ithet given to l.tueen Klizaheih. 1'/./. TiiK .MiicAi i.i; OK Timk. Fossile, in the firce 77//-" Ifmirs All' r M.n-r,.!.!' . by Pope, (lay, and .\rbulhnot, is proijably m- teniled fill' ilie j)hysician and an- t icpuiry 1 )r. W'oodw anl. Foster-Father of Our Lan- guage, The, or /; // -/. //./ liii'iii'i. is an e|pilliet given to Pieiro I'm mill', the I lalian c;irdi- nal and pm I . who ib servi's more crcilit fur ihe jiatri'nau'e whicli lu' granteil tn lili rature than for his own wurks. (/'/. TiiK FOU 124 FRA Guide and Master of Our Tongue. Foul- Weather Jack. A sobri- quet conferred on Commodore Eyron and Admiral Sir Jolin Norris, who were said to be noto- rious for foul weather. Founder of Chemistry, The. A name given to Geber, wiio flourislied in tlie ninth century, and is said to have been the first who made useful chemical exper- iments. Founder of Chivalry in Ger- many, The. An epitliet con- ferred on Henry I., who was tlie first to introduce tliose military sports called tournaments, in the year 'J34. Founder of Christian Elo- quence, The. A name given to Louis Bourdaloue, tlie French preaclier. Founder of the Fathers of Christian Doctrine, The. C<'e- sar de Bus is so calknl. Founder of the French Theatre The. An epitliet sometimes given to Jean de Rotrou. He greatly improved tlie scenery and general conduct of tlie stage, but as a dramatic autlior his style is heavy and rugged, tliougli very superior to any of liis predeces- sors, and his situations are more romantic tliaii tragic. Fountain of Life. The. A so- briquet conferred on Alexander Hales, sometimes called The Irrefragable Doctor, a cele- brated scholar of the thirteenth century. Four-eyed George. A nick- name given by his soldiers to Gen- eral George Mi.'ade, because lie wore spectacles. Four Masters, The, the com- pilers of the celebrated Annals of JJoncf/al, were Micliael and Cucoirigiie O'Clerighc and Mau- rice and Fearfeata Conry. Fowler, The. An appellation be- stowed on Henry I., Emperor of Germany, because the deputies who brought him the news of his election to the throne found him fowling with a liawk on his hand. Fra Diavolo, the hero of Auber's opera, was Michele Pezza, a Cala- brian insurgent, w)io made an in- cursion into tlie Roman territory at the beginning of this century. He was taken ])risoner by treach- ery at San Severino, and lianged at Naples in 180(). Francesco. A character in Roli- ert Greene's novel Xerer too Late to Mend (London, l.")iX)), which to a great extent represents his own history and portrays liis own personal feelings. Vid. Isabel and Philados. Francesina, La. A sobriquet ajiplied to Elizabeth Duparc, a celebrated French vocalist, and the first woman in Handel's ora- torios from 173() to 1744. Franklin of Germany, The. A nicknaiiie given to Justus Moeser, a German writer, liistorian, and publicist, on account of his works, which are distinguished by a vig- orous homely good-sense, a free- dom from all affectation, a knowl- edge of the condition of the labor- ing classes, and zeal for their im- provement and liap])iness. His great talents, knowledge of busi- ness, unwavering integrity, fair- ness and disinterestedness, en- abled Iiim to steer his course free from all suspicion or reproach, between the contiicting interests of the sovereign and the states, both of which he si-rved. Franklin of Theolog-y, The. A name given to Andrew Fuller. Frau Aja. A name given to Katharina Elizabeth rjoetlie, the motht'r of the ]ioet. Vid. .Tojian- nes Scherr's article on Cioetlie, in Die (iartenlauhe (187.'>, Heft l(i I). ,517) : - Die StoUxTgc staiuicn (hinuils im YoUsaft ihrcr Kriiflgciucwuth, die sicli ill uiil);iiuli,<.'i'iii. iriituiUcr gcra- dczii verriicktciii Frcilicitsfrc-^fhrci austobtc. . . . Hci eiiifin (ii'l;i;;i' ilcr juiigcu .Planner sct/tc ilie Frau J{ath in ihrcr UumoriBlisch-gescheiden FRE 125 FRE Weise die beiden graflichcn Tyran- nenfresscr tUchtij? zurcclit, und bt'i dicser Gi-li'Kenhi'it erliielt sie dcu Narat'n " Aja." Frederick of Thought, The. So J. P. Nichol terms Lossiiig. Free-born John. A name be- stowed ui>oii Joliii Lilbunie, dur- ing the English cliurch reform period of l(>4(>-50, "on account of his intrei)id defence, before the tribunal of the Star-Chamber, of his rights as a fre(!-born English- man." Vul. Masson, Li/c of Milton (iv. 501). Free-Lance of Our Literature, This. An cijithct wliicli (irosart confers on Thomas Nash, in his Coi))lt'tc Wiirkmif 'nininits Au.v/ie (vi. 10), where ho sajs: (Ufylifc, tavfrn-lifV, poor-scholar's life, gaminK-lifi', s|)ortiiig-lifc, the life of the roiiluiiin, not without cliinpscs of tlic hi),'hiT, even the hif,'hi'.~i, of Ihcsixti'cnih century, an- i)icture(l iuipeii>hal)ly by .N'ashe. For iiisi;;lit into men and manners commeiiil me to tlie wrilinffs of this " free-lance " of our literature. His al'andon, his rollickinf;, vociferous communicativeness, hi> swift touch, his audacity, his stran;;e candor, unite ill such portraitiires as are scarcely to be f'ounil elsewhere. Pr^lon, (. c.. Till'". Wast, is a name which Voiiairt' gave to "Elie- Catheriiie Freron ( 17l!l-17T(i), a cri'ic, scholar, and a man of con- siderable solidity of mind, but an enemy of the author. He ap- nears first uiubr this tuimc in Voltaire's play, L';^co.s-.s(//.sor of Henry III., eilucate.l at the CollcL'e of Home, who earneil for hiniMlf the co^^Momen of the French Chrys- ostom. His catechism was widely u>eil throajrhoiil the counlrv, and his sermons, of which we po<t audiences al fever heat, and hrou^rht manv Hti;rueMot~ to ihe -take, ulthou^-'ii thev -pareil hi- life when he was taken al N'alence hv the criieh'-il of chii'f iiarll-an>, ihi' Itaron des Adret-. French Coxcomb, A. So W"\\\- iam ("obbett lall.d Napoleon Honaparti'. Vul. Timbs, AoM- hilia Q). ."kS). FRE 126 FEE French Devil, The. A title con- ferred on Jean Bart, an intrepid Frencli sailor, born at Dunkirk in 1(550. French Drunken Barnaby , The. A nickname given to Olivier Basselin, a Frencli ])oet, by Dibdin, in his Picturesque Tour in France and Germany (i. 213), where he says: Prefixed to it is an indifferent drawing, in india-ink, representing the old castle of Vire, now nearly demolished, with Basselin seated at the table along with three of his boosing companions, chanting his verses, " a pleine gorge." This Basselin appears, in short, to have been the French Drunken Ijarnaby. French Ennius, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Guillavime de Lorris, tlie autlior of Roman de la Rose, sometimes called " the French Iliad." French Erasmus Darwin, The. A name given to Jacques-Fran- 9ois-Marie Vieilli de Boisjolin, wlio versified his tlioughts on botany. French Fitz-Osbert, The. A name given to Thibault, Comte de Cliami>agne, by Henri van Laun, in his History of French Literature, who says: Thibault deserves another word before we leave him. He was a kind of French Fitz-Osbert ; a nobleman who roundly accused the barons of causing half the ills of their coun- try; a democrat aristocrat. French Garrick, The. A name given to Micliel Baron, a French actor and dramatic author, equally famous in tragedy and comedy, and ])ossessed of a noble voice, handsome person, com- manding figure, excellent judg- ment, great enthusiasm, and much genius. He is sometimes called The lioscius of France. French Homer, The. A name given to Jean de La Fontaine, of whom Van I./aun, in his Histo- ry of French Literature, says: La Fontaine is the French Homer, for he is as universal, idealistic, and natural as the Greek. He is easy to understand, for he does not fatigue, and skims everything, even senti- ments. French Horace, The. So Jean Macrinus is called. French Isocrates, The. Fle- cliier, Bishop of Nisnies, is thus named. French Justinian, The. An epithet conferred on Philippe de Renii, a .jurisconsult. He left behind him a reputation as a man so able and profound that, until the time of Montesquieu, France is said to iiave produced none who could bo compared to him in the knowledge of law. French Lope da Vega, The. A name given to Alexandre Hardi, on account of the remarlcable fertility of liis pen. He wrote an incredible number of pieces for the tlieatre, some say six hun- dred, and some even more. Of these, no more than thirty-four remain. It was said that he would write two tliousand lines in twenty-four hours, and in tliree days his play was composed and acted. French Mansfielc^, The. A nickname given to the French advocate, J::'ierre Jean Baptiste Gerbier, of whom (iarrick says, in a letter from Paris, Jan. '27, 17()o: I have taken a slice at the law-ora- tory here J have heard (jerbier, the" French 3Ianstield, twice. He has great merit, and pleaded with great warmth and force; I was much pleased, it was a c.tiuse ce/ebre, but the particulars are too long to send you. French Ovid, The. A sol)riquet conferred on Joachim Du liellay, one of the Pleiades of France (7. ('.). He is also called The FATiiKK OF Grace and Ele- gance. French Phidias, The. This name has been given to Jean Bajitiste Pigalle; and to Jean Goujon, also known as The Cok- KEGGio OF Sculptors. French Pindar, The. Both Jean FKE 121 FRO Dorat and Ponce Denis Lebrun are so called. French Raphael, The. A name given to Kii.staco I^e Sueur, a cel- ebrated Frencli i)ainter of the seventecntb century. Francois liouclier is also so called. I'id. ThK U.\PHAEL OF THE rAKC-AUX- CEltFS. French Ritson, The. A nick- name ;.;iv('n to the Ablio Jean .JiiS('|)li llivc, on account of bis bitter and numerous literary con- troversies. Disraeli, in bis Cnri- OHitii'S of Liti-rntnrc, .says: All Kuroix- was ti) rt-ccivc from him new ideas conocriiiiijr books imd manuscripts. Yet all hiijli mighty jiroiiii-cs fumtMl away iu projects; mill tliDiijjh he ai)i)faic(l forever cor- rectiiifr the hhoiders of others, tills Kreiicli l;itoii left i'iiouj;h of his own loatl'oril them ii choice revenj^e. French Solomon, The. So (J.a- briel llatvcv, in bis J'ii'rcr's SlI/llTl rn,/(ltinl) (1.7.i;i, }). ()7), terms Salusliusdu Hartas. French Tartini. The. .V name f;i\eii to I'icne (iavinies by Viotti. Viil. I'liipsnn, /liiu/nip/i- ii;tl Skrlr/irs >lllenve, in (.'(tascrics dii LioiiU (June 3, lS.>t), in bis essay on Jiossticl, where be says: M. de Lamartine nuist liave inad- vertently read Horace instead of Homer, ami he has taken occasion to treat Homer, the friend of jrood sense, almost as hadly as he formerly treated La Fontaine. Friend of Man, The. A title <;iven to tbe Mar(iuis de Mira- beau', on account of one of bis works, L'Ami dex iloinwcK. He was tbe father of tbe celebrated Mirabeau, wliom IJarnave calls 'i'MK. Sh.\kesi'Eakk of ELt>- QrEN( K. Friend of Sinners, The. An ejiitbet jriven by James Free- man Clarke to Nathaniel Haw- tborne, in bis remarks at the funeral of the novidist. Jfe said it in i)ayini; a tribute to bis in- tense study of criminal careers. Friend of the Jews, The. An ejiithet j;iven to Kobert (Irant, who made a vain elTort, while in tbe House of Connnons, to obtain tlie removal of the civil disabili- ties to whi(^h the Jews were sub- jected in iMitrlaiid. Frigidus Pedagogus. A nick- name i,Mven to (labriel Harvey, by Nasii, in liis Ilnri n-itli i/mi to .'^(fil'mn Wdl'l.ii, where be says : Any time this 17 yere inv adver- sary I-'iJL'idus I'edaL'oL'u-i hath laid waste pa]i(r In pickle, .-iiid puhli-lit some ra^'^ of trea!l-e~ a,;:aiii-t .Mas- ter l.illv and mee. \Thich I will jii<- titie ha\ e 1\ ne li\ him e\ er ,-ince ihi' jrri'al matchi - of h.iu liiitr and -hooi- inir on the I'hami - upon the yce. Fritz der Einzige. I-'rederick the (ireat was s.. called. VmI. I )e (^)llill(ev's esvay on ( loot he. Fritz, Unser. A name uMvrii by tlic (nrmaiis to j-'rcderiik Will- iam. Crown I'liiM f (iermaiiy. Frothy General, The. A nano' ''i\eii to (iriicral .\iitoine J(h FUD 128 FUR seph Santerre, an ex-brewer, by the people of Paris during the French Revolution. Fudgiolo. A nickname given in the Nodes Ambrosianm (i.) to the Italian poet Ugo Foscolo, who was an exile in London. Fvirens. So Louis Theobald, in The Censor (No. 33), calls John Dennis, the critic. Furibondo. A title bestowed on Giovanni Alberto Albicante. Vid. Symonds, Renaissance in Itahj (pt. ii. cap. xv.). Furloso, II. Tintoretto. Vid. same. GAB 129 GAF G. Gabriel Ergo. An epithet which was given to Gal)riol Harvey. Nasi! says it was bestowed on hini while at college, and tells the reason in his Have irilh you to Sdtf'roii H'dlikn (London, l.T.Hi), as follows: So iiixm liis first nianuinission in the niysteric of Lopiciuc, liccausc he ol)s<'rv('(l AVv/o was tlic (Iciully chip of the ncccc, or driv'ii lioini' shil) of tlic Svllo^'isiiK', lie accustciiiu'il to make it tlie Kal)urd<'n to aiiic tlMnj? lie s])akc; as if any of his coiiiijaii- ioiis c()iiii)hiin(i Or. r Jrruso!,,,) (London, l.'i'.M ), where be says: Mis vMine).dorie lie lialh new painted over an inch fhiike. Some fewe cnnnmes of mv hooke he has confuted: till tlie rest of his inven- tion is iiothinj; hut an oxe with a IMiddiii;; ill liis heUie, not lit for any- tliiii;; else, save only to fea~t the dull eiiri's of ironnionu'loiii.'h- meii. c,Mrpenter<, and )iorter. Ma-- ter /.illi, , poore, deci'asM'd Kit Mar- low, reverent Docter Perne, with a hundred other quiet, sense- lesse carkas.ses before the conquest departed, in the same worke he hath most notoriously and viely delt with; and to conclude, he hath proved hiiuselfe to be the only Gal>riel G rave-Digger under heaven. Vid. Vain I3KAG(;ADorio. Gabriel Howliglasse. A nick- name given to (iabriel Harvey. Howliglasse was the hero of an old (Jerman jest-book, translated about 15<)7, and his name seems to have been proverbial as a jes- ter, bulToon, and clever rascal. Harvey clainu'd to be the inven- tor of or rather the lirst to write English hexameters. To this Nash alludes in bis Strange Kevcs of till' Jtiterrrptiiig of Certdine' Lrtters (London, i5!t'2J, where he says: Tuhalcan, alias Tuhall, lirst foun- der of I'arriers Mall, lieere is a jrreat comphiint made that iilriii^//iie Ardiliiiiid- Itiihtrtus Greene hath niockt thee, hecause hee saide that thou wert the lirst invcntiT of .Musicke; so (iahridl Mowli^dasse was the lirst iincnter of Kns;lish Hexameter verses. Gabriel Varney. A cliarncter in Ibilwer's l,i(<-r,tiii, founded on Tlmmas (JritHtbs W'aiinvright. Viil. 'i'lIK 1'o]S(im;I!. Gaelic Homer, The. A tiick- namc i.M\'ii to ( )ssiaii. the earlv ]ioet of Scotland, though Ireland claims liim as well. Gaffer Jobbernoule. fiaffer originally meant a friend or nei',dilior, but dining the time of I'',lizabetli it became a term of re]ifoacli, ;iiid was use<| to desig- nate a niailniaii. and old man. .lobberiioiile was ibri\-ed frcun the I''leiiiish /-'.'.., dull, and the Saxon cii'il, bean to tin; Frencli artist Snlpiee I'anl Clie- valier by his friends. Vid. Joliet, P.yciKliini/iiiis d(i Jiiiir (p. i7). Gay Lothario of Politics, The. So .Mr. ( )'('oiin<>r on several oc- casions desi^iiated HeiijaiMin Dis- raeli. Earl heai'onslield. Gebir. A name t;iven to Walter Savai;e I-amlor, on account of his l)oem of tiiat name. The cause of this has heen a con- versation at Itristol with Walter Savaire I.andor tlu' (iehir. a mar- vellous man; it made me feel some- what aslmmed that I shoiilil not, as a ])oet, do all that I am capable of doin^'. Letter of Southev in tAc iivir .-/ (r. Tiiiilnr ^ London, l-l:!; ii.jir;; Gelaste. .\ nii-knamc fivcn to Molji-re. hy his frieinls. wlio with himself met at a literary chili of harmonious spirits with Hoilcaii- 1 >espreaii.\ as a centre. Gem of Asia. This. So liimscn calls St. IrciiMiis. nisho]) of Ly- ons in the second ccninrw \vh I'rench ptiet, is fre(piently tlius called. Gentle Boy. The. .\ story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, in wliicii he (lescril)es characteristics be- longing to lliinself. He was des- titute of malice, and r\-teller most in- timately say he w as simply draw- ing his own portrait . Gentle Georg-e. So Sm kling. in liisjiocni ,1 >...../",/ ,,r tin /'..-f.v-, calls Sir (;corgc- Hllu'redge. Gentle Lochiel. The. i>oii:il.l ( ainer'iii. \i'l. 'I'm; ri.\s>Ks <) 1 til-; I! i<;iii. \M>s. Gentio Shepherd. The. .\n ex- traordinary insianceid i'itt'scom- maini of the House is the m.in- GEN 132 GER ner in which he fixed indelibly on George Grenville, the states- man, the above appellation. At the time in question a song of Dr. Howard's, each stanza of which began and ended with the words, " Gentle shepherd, tell me where," was in every mouth. In the course of a debate, ]Mr. Grenville exclaimed, " Where is our mon- ey? where are our means? I say again. Where are our means? where is our money? " He tlien sat down, and Lord Chatham walked slowly out of the House, humming the line : " Gentle shepherd, tell me where." Gentleman George. A sobri- quet applied to George H. Pen- dleton. Vid. Perley Poore's Reminiscences (ii. 360). Senator Pendleton of Ohio, whose courteous deportment had won liim the apjjeUation of " Gentleman George." Gentleman Ragamuffin, The. An ejiithet conferred on Thomas Nash by Harvey, in his Pierre's Siipererof/ation (London, 1593), where he says : Althoush he truly intitle himselfe Pierce Penniles, and be elsewliere styled the Gentleman Kagamufiin. Kash the Ape of Greene, Greene the Ape of Euphues, Euphues the Ape of Envie, the three famous mam- mets of the presse, and my three no- torious feudists ( i.e., plotter of feuds), drawe all in a yoke; but some .Schollars excell their masters ; and some lustie blond will do more at a deadly pull, tliau two, or three of his ycjkefellowes. George Pyeboard, in The Pitri- triri, is supposed, by Steevens, to represent George Peele, the Elizabetlian dramatist. George the Greater, a nick- name given to G(>orge, I'rince- Regent, afterwards George IV., in contradistinction to (leorge Bryan lirummel. Vid. Bkau Bkummel. George the Grinner. So George Colman is ni(,'kiiamed in the Xof- tes Ambrosianas (Ixiv.), he having published in 1802 a work under the title of Broad Grins. George the Lesser. A nick- name given to George Bryan Brummel, in contradistinction to George, Prince-Regent, after- ward's Oeorge IV. Vid. Beau Bkummkl. Gerioneo, who is introduced by Spenser into the Faerie Queene (bk. v.), is intended to repre- sent Fernando Alvarez de To- ledo, generally known as the Duke of Alva. German Cicero, The. Johann Sturm. Vid. The Cicero of Gekmany. German Cid, The. An epithet sometimes given to Hermann (died A. D. 21), the liberator of his country, and undoubtedly the greatest hero of the period, whose name still lives in ballads and historic lays. German Dickens, The. A nick- name given to Friedricli Wil- helm Hacklaender, a popular German author, because of the hu^mor and pathos in which many of his works excel. German Dominie Sampson. The. So Carlyle calls Johann Hcinrich Stilling, the mystic, " awkward, honest, irascible, in old-fashioned clothes and bag- wig." German Horace, The. A nick- name given to Cliarles William Ramler, a man of much celebrity in his own country. He trans- lated sixteen odes of Horace, which he published witli many original imitations of tliem, be- sides odes written at various times in his life, and he also translated the critical works of Batteaux. German Milton, The. So Fried- rich (iottlieb lvlo]istock, the au- thor of The Moke several languages with great fa- cility, and was well read in the Latin classics. German Plato, The. A sohri- (juet conferred on P^iedrich Heinrich Jacohi, a German ])hi- loso])her, " on account of the high religious tone of his metaphysi- cal writings." German Pliny, The. Konrad von Cesncr of Zurich, one of the chief surgeons to t^ueen Elizahetli, is thus named. German Voltaire, The. Both (ioethe and Widand have been thus styled. n(linjr viiricty (if their pnrsnits nnd knciwlidjrc, in which, jicrhaps, it dues Vdlliiirc wron^', the two can- not he com|i;ircd. (iocthf is all, oi tlic hcst of all, that Voltaire was, and he was much that N'oltaire did not dream of. Car/i/h'. lie [Wieland] had imhihed so mncli of the taMe of the French, along with their iihiIoso|iliv, that he hore the name of the (ornian \'ol- taire in (iermanyand out of (jer- many. /tinitmrr/:, Trdiis. Giafer. A name under whieli I>()nis do Pxmrhon, ('ointe de Vermaiidois, son of Louis XIV. and Mile, do La Valliere, fig- ured in :i Kioiiih work called .\fc'mi>ins Srcrdin ptmr srrr/r ii rilht.,in; tianm (.iv.). Gin'ral, The. (Jen. Andrew ,Iack- son is thus repeatedly referred to by David Crockett, in hi.s Lifv of Mitrtin von linrm. Glaucus. in Lord Lytton's poem (ilruoreril. ,,r the ,\frtiii/iorj,/iosi's (bS.s."i), is intended for Lord (Jran- ville. Glenriddell. in tlie subjoined verses, is iiobert Kiddell of'(;]en- riddell. F. S. A., the intimate friend of Ibirns. and one of the heroes wild eoiitended for The ]\-histlr : Three jiivons ^rood fellows with hearts clear of Haw : Craifrdarroch. so faiiions for wit, worth, and law : And trii-tv < ilenriddell, so skilled in old c..in<; .\nd <:all.-int Sir Kolicrf, dce|i read ill old wiiie-i. Gloriana, in S]ienser"s F>ii'rii' (^I'l'iin. re|iresents (^iiieeii Kli/a- betb. \'i'l. I!i:i,rii.i hi:. In that 1 ,i.-rie (Jucene, I mean ;lorioii- person of oiir >.iverei:,'n, tlie (Jiieen [l'.li/:i- licth|, and tier kiiiirdom in Fai-r\e- laiid. Introductory IMtcr t>f the .tilth, ir. GLO 134 GLO Glorious John. A name given to Dryden, the poet. Glorious Preacher, The. St. John Chrysostom, who tlourished in the fourth century, is thus styled. Glorious Protestant Hero, The. A sobriquet liestowed on Fred- erick tlie Great. Vid. Larwood and Hotten, History of Sign- hoanls (cap. ii.). Glorious Trio of Sorbonne, The. An ejiithet pven to Abel Fran(,'ois Yillemain, Victor Cousin, and Francois Pierre Guillaume Guizot, who at one time were lecturers at Sorbonne, and who threw themselves heart- ily into the reaction against the sensualistic philosophy and liter- ature of the eiii'hteenth century, which were then in vogue. Glorious Villain, A. So the Earl of Clarendon, in his His- tory, calls (Jliver Cromwell. Vid. also Dr. South, Fosthu- rnous Work." (p. 5). Glory and Reproach of Scot- land, The. An epitliet snnie- tiuies conferred on Robert Burns. Glory and the Scandal of His Ag-e, The. An epitliet which Oldliam ajjplied to Samuel But- ler, in his Satire JJissuadiny from Poetry : On Butler, who can tliink without just rajre, Tlie glory and the scandal of liis age? Fair stood his hopes when first he came to town, Met everywhere with welcomes of renown; Courted, caress'd by all, with won- der read, And promises of princely favor fed : But wliat reward for all lie Inid at last, After a life in dull expectance passVl y Glory of Her Sex, The. An epithet wliich Voltaire gi^es to Queen Elizabeth, in the dedica- tion of /.(/ Ilmriiidp, where he says to Queen Caroline : It was the fate of Henry the Fourtli to be protected by an" Eng- lish queen. He was assisted by the great Elizabeth, w^ho was in her age the glory of her sex. By whom can his menaory be so well protected as bv her wlio resembles so much Eliz- abeth in her personal virtues? Glory of Her Sex, The. So Mrs. Anne Bradstreet is called in the Xoctes Ambrosiaiix (liv.). Glory of Netherland, The. So Richard Barntield, in his poem The Eiicomion of Ludy Fecimia (London, 1598), terms Erasmus. Glory of Scotland, The. Words- worth, in his Poetry as a Study, says: "It is consistent that Lucien Bonaparte, who cotild censure ISIilton for having sur- rounded Satan in the infernal regions with courtly and regal splendor, should pronounce Os- sian to be the glory of Scotland." Glory of the English Stage, The. So Shakespeare is termed in Fliillips' P/teutrum Poetannn. Glory of the Human Intellect, The. So I)e C,>iiincey, in his Pioyrajihiead and Historical Es- says, calls William Shakespeare. Glory of the Muses, The. An epitliet conferred on Sir Tiiomas Smith, one of the best scholars of his age, by Harvey, in his The Tears of Gabriel Harvey, where he says : Has Sinitli, tlie glorv of the >ruses, died Smith, mine and tliine, and every Englisliman's pride. Who owed a life to us, if not him- self? Ah! but, ah I but, perished lie has indeed, Unless thy letter nie ileceives. Glory of the Priesthood, The. So Pojie, in his ICssay ua Criti- cism (line ()94), calls Erasmus. Glossator, The. A nickname given to Aldred. a priest, to dis- tinguish him from others of the name of Aldn d. He was the writer of two AiiE^lo-Saxon glosses inserteritrii{ue tenax, qiiam iiiiiicki reri, as well saith Master William Idlly, in his Adiertiva verhalia in ax. I say the report of your rich vertues bo" hewitclied me toward you, that I cannot Init send my pooie Hook to be vertuously succoured of you, that wlien lioth yours and my freuds shall see it, they may (f(jr your sake) ver- tuously accei)! it. Glow^ry Scythrop, in Peacock's novel of .\ i'jlil iii'irc Abbt'ij, is said to represent Shelley. It is pleasant to remember that Shelley admitted the truth of the portrait, and was amuseick of so nmch faNe li-arniug, he threw it all up in hi- Sill of Jlisfiiriin, which I)ro\ cd to be ibe hi-lory of all tbiuL'-, anil a bad hi-torv of every thiiiL'. Gobtao, Del, i>r'I'iiK Himimsack. .So Aiulrea S(dari was named. Gobbo di Pisa, II. .\ nirkname ;;iven to (lerouimo Ameliiii^hi, who liniuished ill the sixteenth century. God Hanuman. A name i;iven to NapoliMUi l'...nap:irle. liy Koh- ert .Southey, in a letter to N\ill- iara Taylor of Norwich, in which lie .says (Memoiri^ of William Taylor, London, 1H4."5; ii. 427) : For the last ten years the madness has been Honaparte's, but the atroc- ities have been those of the French. He was the eare is called liy (iarrick in an ode, and hv W'arhtirton in a letter dated Sept. L':i, ITti'.t. God of Whiggish Idolatry, The. So Sir Walter Scott calls Henry, Lord l!n>iii;hani. Godless Regent, A. So Pope, in his Monti Kssm/s (i. <()), calls J'hilij), Duke of" Orleans, the Hei^ciit id I'"raiiee in the ndnor- ity n speriively !> William \\';u liuilon and Samuid .Johnson. GOL 136 GOO Golden, The. Jean Dorat, one of the " Pleiades," was named AuRATUS, tlie sobriquet being intended as a pun upon liis real name. He is also alluded to as The French Pindar. Golden-Mouth. A title be- stowed on Laurence Anderton, tlie learned Jesuit. Golden-Mouthed, The. A so- briquet bestowed on Michael Draj'ton. As Sophocles was called a Bee for the sweetness of his tongue ; so in Charles Fitz-Geffry's Drake, Drayton is termed " goldeii-niouthed," for the purity and preciousness of his style and phrase. F. Meres, A Compara- tive Discourse of Our English Poets . . . (1598). St. John Chrysostom (Chrj'S- ostom = Golden-Mouthed), wlio tiourished in the fourth century, was so called, on account of his marvellous eloquence. Golden Stream, The. Johannes Dainasceiius, the author of I)og- matic Theolo'/ij. Golden-Tongued, The. St. Peter, Bishop of Ravenna in the fifth century, was named " Chrysologos," or The Golden- TOSGUED. The term was also bestowed on Michael ^lenot, a celebrated French preacher of the fifteenth century, as a nickname, on ac- count of the grossness and buf- foonery exhibited in his sermons. Goldsmith of the Bar, The. A sobriquet conferred on Peter Burrowes, the Irish judge, on account of the wretched voice he possessed. Goldy. So Johnson called Gold- smith. Garrick says that he " wrote like an angel, and talked like poor I'oll." Vid. Noll. Goliah of the Philistines, The. So Wood, in Ills At/ienas O/oni- ensis, calls ]Marcliamont Need- ham. And certainly he that will or can peruse those his intelligences, called Merc. PoKtici, will judge that had the devil liimself (the father of all lies) been in this Goliah's office he could not liave exceeded him, as hav- ing with profound malice calumni- ated his sovereign, scurrility abused the nobility, impudence blasphemed the churcliand members thereof, and industry poysoned the people with dangerous principles. (Vol. iii. p. 118L', Bliss' ed.) Good, The. A sobriquet be- stowed on William II., King of Sicily. His father, AVilliam I., called The Bad [q. v.), died when the boy was fou.rteen years of age, and his youth, innocence, and beauty endeared him to the nation. The factions of his father's reign were reconciled; the laws were revised ; and until his premature death tlie country enjoyed a short season of peace, justice, and bajjpiness. He was the last of the legitimate male pos- terity of Tancred de Hauteville who reigned in Sicily, but the blood of the Normans was brought down to modern times, in Italy, by the marriages of the female representatives of the family. Good, The. A title given to Philip, third Duke of Burgundy, sometimes called Philip II., to distinguish him from his grand- father Philip, called The Bold (q. v.). Bent on avenging the murder of his father, called " Sans-peur," The Fearless (q. v.), he entered into an alliance with Henry \'., King of Eng- land, by which he recognized Henry as the rightful regent of France during the reign of Charles VI., who was insane, and heir to tlie tlirone after his death. The dau])liin, afterwards Charles VII., refused to resign his rights, took up arms, and was driven beyond the Loire. Later, Philip, having had some dis{)utes with the Knglish, concluded to sign a treaty with the French king and the dauphin, but was prevented by the PZnglish, who paid him a large sum of GOO 137 GOO money and cedod to him the province of Cliampagne. In 142(t, by becoming; lieir to Bra- bant, Holland, and the rest of the Low Countries, he was at the head of the niost powerful realm in western Europe, but preferred to continue in nominal subjec- tion. Aj,'ain insulted by the En{(- lish, and stron^^ly urged by the pope, he made a final j)eace with Charles, who gladly aecepte said to have been bestowed by Mali- bran on r>unii, the manager. l'"or an anin>-ing am-cdcite rela- tive to the name. '<'/. ( 'lowest, Ml/sir,, I .I,,,.-./-',,- >ii. 'js:). Good Gray Poet, The. .V name given to NNalt. Whitman. Good King- Rent^ The. )/./. Lk I'.KN Koi 1;i:m:. Good Lord Clifford, The. So Wordsworth, in his >/'/ nr' tl,,- F..iyf .,f- /;,.,, I,. ,,j, r,,>//, . refers to Ltird ClitTord, a .scion of the GOO 138 GRA House of Lancaster, whose mother, to save him from tlie vengeance of tlie House of York, put him in the charge of a shep- herd, to be brought up as one of his own children. He was re- stored to his possessions on the accession of Henry VII., and died in 1543. Good Lord Cobham, The. A titk- conferred on Sir John Old- castle, who married the heiress of the Cobham family, and was the first author, as well as the first martyr, of noble family in England. Good Queen Bess. The jjop- ular name of Queen Elizabeth of England. Good Queen of France, The. A sobriijuet bestowed on Claude, the daughter of Louis XII. of France, who married Francis I., her cousin, and thus became queen. Her whole reign was a tale of sadness, for she was ex- posed to tlie indifference of her husband and the imperious tem- per of the Duchess of Angou- leme, while she liad nothing but her virtue to sitpport her. The people of France, seeing lier ex- hibit so much virtue and patience under man\ heavy trials, gave her the above sobriquet. Good Regent, The. A name frequently given to James Stuart, first Earl of 3Iurray or Moray, natural son of James v., chief of the Protestant party in Scotland, and prime minister of Mary (^'ueen fif Scitliet given to Cardinal Ippo- lito d'Este by Ariosto, in the Orlando Furioso (canto i. iii.), who says : Good seed of Hercules, give ear and deign. Thou that this age's grace and splen- dor art. Good Sir James, The. Sir James Douglas. Vid. The Good. Goodman of Ballengeich, The. James V. of Scotland assumed this name when he made his disguised visits through the country districts around Edin- burgh, etc. Goodman Palsgrave. A nick- name given to Frederick V., elector-palatine. Vid. The Win- ter KlXG. Goosey Goderich. So Cobbett called Frederick Robinson, afterwards Mscount Goderich, on account of his incapacity as a statesman. Vid. Pkosperity EOBIXSOX. Gosling Scrag, who appears only in the first edition of Smollett's Perei/riiw Pickle, is intended for the Lord Lyttleton whose treat- ment of the author's tragedy of The licfii'-idc had excited his resentment. Gossip, The. A nickname given to Tristan L'Ermite by Louis XL of France, whose willing servant he was in carryijig into effect the nefarious schemes of liis wily master, and who kept the king well informed of the news of the day. Gottschalk Wedel, the village sexton in Kobert Schumann's musical essays (the JJn.rids- hiiiidhr), is intended for Wil- helm von Zuccalnuiglio-Wald- bruhl. Grace of Courts, The. Pope so calls Charles, Earl of Dorset, in an epitaph \\\)o\\ him. Gracious Duncan. An epithet which Shakespeare, in his play of Marhctli, confers on Duncan I. of Scotland. GRA 139 GRA Grammarian, The. A title given to (Jeotirey, oik; of tlio DoiDini- caiis of iJisliojis Lynn, wlio piib- lisliecl a Promiilnriitin I'orrnlo- riim, or English-Latin diction- ary, in the liftcentli century. Grammatical Cur, The. A name freipiently given to the J)iitcli anticjuary James (Jrono- viiis, wlio was a malevolent critic. Grammatical |Cynic, The. A nickname ^ivcn toCJaspar Scioi>- i)ius, one of tlie most formida- fcle critics of the seventeenth century, liorn a I'rotcstant in Germany, he becaiiu' a Catho- lic, l)ut this (lid not i)reveiit his aluising the Jesuits by his hitter lihcds. lie also |)ul)lished lil)els a;:ainst the Protestants, some of \vlii(di, aiiusing .James I. of Eng- land, caused the Knglisli amhas- sa Aelfric, of whom hut little is known. At one time lie was a monk of Ahingdon, then lie moved to Winchester, and then was tin; ruler of the mon- astery at ('erne. He has become famous from the vigor witli wiii(di he cpjiosed the doctrine of transuhstantiation, and i)arts of his writings which treat this subject have been reiiublisheil fiom time to linie wlu'never any special a^iialioii has arisen on the sacrament. li (piestion in Kng- land. 11 is sehool-booUs. espe- cially the pretaee to his (Iram- mar. show that lu; took a warm interest in edui-ation, which was fully in aecmd with the spirit of the mouaslic revival of his time. His learning was recog- ni/.ed by his contemporaries, ami lie was' asked by them to do inneh of the work wlii<-h he did. His principal works are two books of Homilies, A Treatise on the Old and Xew Testameyits, The Jlcptuti'uchiis, The Life o/ St. Arthdirold, a Latin Grammar and (Jlossaru, The ('i)lloqiiiiim, IJe TemiKirihiis Anni, and sev- eral pastoral letters. Grammiont of His Age, The. A name given to I'ierrede I>our- deille. Ij(^rd of Lrantome. who.se Meinaircs contain many curious particulars. Van Laun, in liis Ili^tonj of French Literature, says : Clear, candid, prolix, loose, and slipsliod in style, lie is less of a lit- erary model than of a suggestive and entertaining iiainter of soiial liabit.s and clKUiKters. A histoiian and a satirist, lie is so rather in sjiite of hiinself than hi accordance with rule. He is the Graniniont and the rejiys of his age, who, if he could liave kept Ids eyes upon its best rather than uiion its worst fea- tures, might po.-,-ilily have been its I'lutarch. Gran Capitan, EL .\ sobriquet conferred on Cionzalvo de Cor- (hiva. Gran Diavolo, II. A title be- stowed on (;iovanni di Medici. \'i(/. .Symonds, Ii'rnaiijiiance in llahi (pt. ii. cap. x\ .) . Grand, Le. A title bestowec] on Francois Couiieriii, the (Cele- brated organist of St. (iervais. Grand Corneille, Le. An ejii- thet wbieji the l-'renrii frei|ueiitly coTifer on I'ierre Coriieilh'; hut moilern critics, such as N'ollairc. La Ilarjie. Schleuvl. and Les- sing. Iiax'e expressed themselves in siune respects tmf.ivorably regarding' bis iiciiius. Grand Corrupter, The. So his j)olitical o)i])i'neiits frequently termed Sir Kobcri Walpole. Grand Frederic. Le. A nick- name given to I'redirii" L<>- maitre. who was one of the most popular actors of this I'etitiiry, by his eiithusiasi le countrymen, (in I'"ebruary '_':'>. IS is. while he was pla\iiiu' /.' I '/ii!l'"iii' r di- J'aris. a dr.ima of strong s(X'ial- GRA 140 GRA ist tendencies, news reached his dressing-room of a collision be- tween tlie mob and the police. Half-dressed, pale, and filled with emotion, he rushed to the front of the stage and exclaimed: "Why, you stupid people, do you remain to look at my faces, and listen to my nonsense? Come with me, andlet us play a citizen-like part in the great drama, the epilogue of which must be the apotheosis of the people." In the costume of a rag-picker he ran to the barri- cades, behind which he stood till the populace had driven Louis Philippe from Paris. This caused him to be nicknamed Thk Talma of the Boulevard. Grand Monarque, Le. Louis XIV., King of France, is so called. Wlien it came to courtship, and your field of preferment was the Versailles ffiil-de-Iiceuf, and a Grand Monarque walking encircled with scarlet women and adulators there, tlie course of the Jlirabeaus grew still more complicated. Carhjle. Grand Nash, Le. An epithet aii>lied to Richard Nash, when at the zenith of his power at Bath. Vid. Beau Nash. Grand Pan, Le. A sobriquet conferred on Voltaire. Grandee vus, in Lord Lytton's poem Gleudveril, or the Metu- morp/ioses (IHJSu), is intended for William E. Gladstone. Grande Mademoiselle, La. A name gi\en to the Duchcsse de ISI(ini[)ensier. daughter of Gas- ton, Due d 'Or] cans, and the cousin of Louis XIV. Grandison Cromwell Lafay- ette. So Mirabeau called the ISIanpiis de Fayette, meaning to imply that he had the ambition of Cromwell, but that he wished to appear before the world as " the faultless monster " of Rich- ardson's novel. There are nicknames of Mirabeau's worth wliolc treatises. ' (irandison Cromwell ' Lafayette write a vol- ume on the man, as many volumes have been written, and try to say more. It is the best likeness yet drawn of him. Carhjle. Grangousler, the King of Uto- pia in Rabelais' Gargantua and Punfat/ruel, is said to reiiresent Louis XII., but Motteux thinks that he is intended for Jean d'Albret, King of Navarre. Granville of a Former Age, The. So Pope, in his poem Windsor Forest (line 2H9). calls Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Graphiel Hagiels, Our. A name given to Gal)riel Harvey, by "Thomas Nash, in his Ilace icith you to Saffron Walden (London, 15!Mi), where he says: This voiage under Don Anthonio was nothing so great credit to him, as a French Varlet of the chamber is; nor did he follow Anthonio neitlier, but was a Captaines Hoye that scorned writing and reading, and helpt him to set down Ins ac- counts, and score up dead paves. But this was our Graphiel Hagiels tricke of Wiley Beguily herein, that whereas he could get no man of worth to crie Placet to liis workes, or meeter it in his commendation, those wortldess Wipi)ets and Jack Strawes hee coidd get, hee would seeme to enable and compare with the highest. Gray, the hero of Coopor's novel The Pilot, represents John Paul Jones. " Except for his ideal appearances in 77k Pilot," says Hannay, " the stout Galwegian has been unfortunate in litera- ture. Formal naval history treats him as a 'jiirate' and a 'renegade,' and accuses him of something like mere plunder; while the novel, by Allan Cun- ningham, of v.iiifh he is the hero, is a very bad one." Gray-Steel. A sobii((uet con- ferred on Sir Archibald Doug- las, an early favorite of James V. of Scotlan\ is uscil tile new orcril a- a Icvit l)v wli()arius, K in:.; of Pi rsia. Ferdinand !.. Kim; of Leon and Castile. Kredrrick William, Klcct,,r of P.raniicnbiiri;. railed also TuK , 1X1*4. NaiKileon said of him, '"His mind Avas cast in the true mould; in my hands he would have done great things." Vid. Le Chouax. Great Caliban. So Dr. Jolin Wolcot, in his Epistle to the Reviewers, calls Dr. Samuel Johnson. Great Captain, The. Cordova. Vid. El (iHan Capitan. Great Cardinal, The. So Riche- lieu is frequently called. Great Cardinal of Spain, The. A title given to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, the statesman and scholar. Great Cham of Literature, The. A S(jbriquet conferred on Dr. Samuel Johnson by Tobias Smollett, in a letter to John "Wilkes of the Xurth Briton, dated March 1(1, 17.">ii. Great Commoner, The. A nickname given to Henry Clay, of whom Prentice, in his Biogra- phy of Henry Clay, says: The object of his exertions was at once worthy of liis power and adapted to the noblest manifesta- tions. He lias been deservedly called " The Great Commoner." It is in the defence of popular rights, and the indignant denunciation of aristocratical tyranny, that his eloquence has been frequently ex- erted. Great Commoner, The. A nick- name given to Sir John Barnard by William Pitt, though the name was afterwards apjilied to Pitt himself by his admirers. Great Count, The. A nickname given to linger I., Count of Sic- ily and Calabria, and founder of the Niirman dynasty in those countries. He was the youngest of the twelve sons of Tancred de Hauteville of XdriiKiudy, where he was born in lO-'d. Hearing of the wiiiidrous sui'eess of his brothers, William The Iron Akm i'/. r.) and Robi'rt The Ci'XM.Mi ('/. r.). lie srt nut in lO.'jS to join tlitiii, and coin- nienced his w:irli!se achieve- ments dui'iuLr the eoiKiuest of Calabria. InlL'7!, is intended fur Sir Sauun 1 l'"lur of J.,<)n(l(iu in 'iTi;i L'. Great Earl of Cork, The. A s hi'slcwi d Up"!! I'ltcr ( '(iiiir-.iiir (/. ( ., I-"..itii- "1, wiio l!..m-islH-ii in the t wilfiii ciiiiiiry. :iiid as a UKisl <>mni\ "rmi-; r'achr. Groat Elootor, The. A s..hri- r,t, terms NV'illiam Shaki'sjii-arr. Great Historian of the Field, The. So Cliarlts James .\pper- li-y, the sportiuLT-wrilei-, is nick- named in the A''"^.^ Alu'irosi- (iii:r (l.\i\ .1. Great IconoclaPt. The. A title .ui\''ii lo .Mariin Lailn r. Grent Inrlopondont, The. So P.aillio rails Olivrr Cronnvll. 1';./. Mav.on. /.;. ..f- Milt..,, (iii. ii. I>. Great Kill-Cow of Christen- dom. Tho. So |-:duard I'liilip-. ill liis /./'. / .h !,, Mill. ,11 (PI'.'t., ealls ( 'landiiis Salmasiu-^. Groat Tjakor, The. S.. ^Villia.^ Woi-ilsworlli i-^ naui' d in the A'."/. .< .Iv/'./'-n/'I, .t \lii.l. Great Letter- Wriror. The. An epitlirt roiif.'ircd on N'incnt N'oilure, \\\\n i-iiio\c.| a pro.liu;- iou'^ repiital ii 111 :is a wrili r of letlrrs, main of wldrli lia\o Iki 11 GRE 144 GEE published. They show some wit but more play on words, forced allusions, and a cold and lifeless style. A letter from him was once a passport into tlie best society. Great Leviathan of Men, The. Oliver Cromwell is so called by Heatii, in his Fla(iellam. VUl. also Notes and Queries (1st. ser. iii. 207). Great Lord of Greek, The. So Dr. Wolcot, in his postscript to the Ode on the Passions, calls Richard Grosvenor, Lord Bel- grave. Great Magician, The. So John Wilson, in a poem entitled The Ma;iic Mirror (published in 1812), calls Sir Walter Scott, on account of the wonderful fascination his writings possess. In the celebrated Chaldee MS. Scott is termed "the Great Magician who dwelleth in tiie old fastness, hard by the River Jordan, which is by the Bor- der." Great Marquis, The. A name frequently ajiplied to Hernando Cortes; to James Graham, Mar- quis of Montrose, on account of his labors for the cause of Charles I. ; and to tlie great Portuguese statesman Sebastiano Jose de Carvalho, Martjuis de Pombal. Great Master in the Science of Grimace. So Cliurrhill, in The Jiosciad (line 370), calls Henry "Woodward, an actor. Great Minstrel, The. A name given to Sir Walter Scott by T/ie Edinhurcjh Jievieiv (1815), wliich says : Here is another genuine lay of the Great Minstrel, with all his'cliarac- tcristic faults, beauties, and irregu- hiritifs. Great Moralist, The. Samuel Johnson. Vid. The Giant ok LlTICKATUKK. Great Nabob, The, in Lady Car- oline L;imb's novel Glenarvon, is intended for Lord Holland. Great O, The. So Bulwer, in The New Tinion, calls Daniel O'Connell. Vid. Tiie Rupert OF Debate. Great Pacificator, The. A nick- name given to Henry Clay. When tlie proposition for the admission of Missouri, then a territory, was made in Congress, a strong pub- lic feeling against slavery, which had been growing in the New England and ^Middle States, op- posed the measure, unless the new state should proliibit slavery. Clay proposed to leave it to a committee of thirteen, of which he was nominated chairman. The rejiort of the committee not being received, he prop(ed a second and larger one, of which he acted as chairman. His fertile mind rearranged tlie former re- port, and influenced the other members of tlie committee so that they reported to Congress a measure that did not vary essen- tially from the first report. It provided that, in consideration of the admission of the new state as a slave state, slavery should in all the remaining states north of the southern boundary of Mis- souri l)e forever abolished. This has since been known as '" Tlie ^Missouri Compromise." For a while it bridged over the bitter feeling between the North and South, and the public annuncia- tion of the act was received with the higliest transi)orts of joy. These imrst forth in exclamations that ('lay was a second AVashing- ton, the' savior of bis country, and the Gr(\at Pacilicator of ten millions of i)eople. Great Pan, The. SoIIeinsius, in a h'tter from Amsterdam, dated Sept. 10, 10.":i, to (;rc)iiovius at Deventer. calls Salmasius. Vid. ^[asson, Li/r <>/ Miltnn (iv. 5.>S-lt). The title has also been given to Voltaire. Great Patron of Mankind. So Alexander Pupi', in his Imita- tions of Iloriirr (II. i. 1), calls George II., King of England. GRE 146 GRE Great Physician, The. So Cow- ley, in The Cutter of Coleman Street (i. (i), calls Clnirles II. Great Poet-Sire of Italy, The. So Lord liyron, in iiis pocin 7'he I'rophecy of Dante, calls the lat- ter. Great Preserver of Pope and Shakespeare, The. A name fiveii to Hislioj) NN'aiburton, by )r. <;rcy, in a wnrk wiiich was an answer to the hisliop for a criticism on the doctor's Iludi- bras. Tiic nann^ has since been used by others whom Warburton has assailed. Great Prophet of Tautology, Thou. So Dryih-n. in his poem ^far Fhrknoe (line .'il)), (;alls Thomas Shadwell. the dramatist. Great Red Dragon of Coleman Stre&t, The. From Haiilie we learn that the Presbyterians had given Ibis nickname to John (ioo.lwin (-/,< l(i4l-45). I'/-/. Mas.-on. Lnv .-/ Mdtoa (HI. ii. _'.) Great Seer, The. A nickname tiixcn to Samuel .Johnson. Dili- M|iiic)iiiinii'iit, at llif iiiitoiii. Ofrrapliy of the (ir<;it Sier in liisvcry early year>y To he sure, aiiytliiiifj coiiiiiifr from siu-li a iiiiiii has a dis- tiiift iiiHl jMciiliar zest ; l)ut the rrc- orilof j)iilinfr infancy and di^tri-v^iMl cliildhoo.l, t(i;.Mthi-r with an iinpcr- fecl >IatfiMfnl of yoiitliful stndics and iinr>nil<, Inis 'not nmcli lioM upon till- iinai'lnation or thi- nicnniry. Great Shepherd of the Man- tuan Plains, The. So I'.eattie, in iiis poem llir .Min.- -iviMi to N,.l l;,.da. a Frciirh theolo-iaii. and doetor (d' Sor- boiiiii'. Ill' V, as a \ iolnii enemy of ]>olito leaniiii:;. II.' had a jirodi^ioiis iiaiiiicli of his own, and was called '/;.>- smi/'i' r. i. ... ^'i-eat sopper: one that is ever dipping bis bread in tlie beef-pot. Rabelais makes him the author of a book on the excellence of tri|)es, as if his whole merit lay in his huj^(! belly. Great Soul of Numbers, The. So William Canwri^ht, in his poem In Munoni of JJrnJuinia Jonson, calls the latter. Great Sow, The. An epithet ajiplied to Isabell.a of Bavaria, \\ife of diaries VI. of France, by the citizens of Paris, on ac- count of her shanu'less actions. Great Teacher of Gardening, The. So .John Ahercromljie is frequently called. Great Theban, The. So Pindar, a native (d' Thebes, is called in th(! yiantruiis." Great Triumvirate, The. A title by which the tlirec cele- brated Italian |iocts Dante. Pe- trarch, and Jioccaccio are desJLC- nated. Great Unknown, The. So .Tames J'.allantyne callid Sir Walter Scott, on account of the extraor- dinary success w liieh the lI',o'( ;- III/ .\'nri Is met with on their lirst apjiearaiu'c. altlioiiudi publi'-hed anonymously. ]'i4), is said to represent Dante Ga- briel Rossetti, the poet. Hammer of Heresies, The. So Hakewell calls St. Auu;ustine. Hammer of the Scotch, The. Edward I. VkL Scotokiji jSIal- LEUS. Vid. also ^Iartel, Mar- TEAU, and ^MALLEI'S. Hampshire Farmer, A. A name given to William Cobbett, by James and Horace Smith, in The Rejected Addresses, and nnder which name he is sui)posed to have contributed an address. Handsome, The. A nickname given to All)ert I., Margrave of Brandenburg, who was a tine tall man with a (luick eye, and well- featured. He had a good head, a strong hand, was a famous man- ager, a capital soldier, and saw instinctively not only what could be done, but when to sto^). Vid. The Fair. Handsome, The. A title fre- quently bestowed on Philip I., King of Spain in the fifteenth century. Handsome-Beard. Baldvrin IV., Earl of Flanders, was called " Schiin-Bart." Handsome Englishman, The. A nickname ajiplied by Tu- renne's troops to Jcibn Clnirchill, " who was no less distinguished for the singular graces of liis per- son than for his brilliant courage and his consummate ability both as a soldier and as a statesman." Handsome Fielding. His real name was Robert Fielding. Vid. Beau Fieldixg. Handsome Swordsman, The. Joachim Murat. Vid. Le Beau Sabkkur. Hanging Judge, The. So the Earl of Norbury was called. He was chief justice of tlie Common Pleas in Ireland, at the beginning of the present century, and is said to have been in the liabit of jesting with offenders whom he had sentenced to die. Hard Cider. A nickname given to "William Henry Harrison. Vid. Log-Cabin Harrison. Hardi, Le. A title given to Philip, Duke of Burgundy, and to Philippe III., King of France. The word signities daring. Vid. The Fearless. Hardkoppig Piet. So Washing- tou Irving calls I'eter Stuyvesant. r/(?. Pf:TER THE nEADSTR(JNG. Hardy, The. William Douglas, tlie defender of Berwick in the thirteenth century. Harefoot. A sobriciuet conferred on Harold I., the youngest son of Cainite the Great. Harlequin. A nickname given to Robert Harlev. lirst, Earl of Ox- ford, who, the Duchess of .Marl- borough states, had a "constant awkward motion, or rather agita- tion of hisliead and body." which betrayed " a turl)nli'iit dishoiu'sty within, even in the mid-3). Harlequin, The. So Francois I., Kiiij; of France, termed his jijreat opponent. Emperor Charles V. Harmless Prior of the Genera- tion, The. So The Sat((rda!/ Jic- riov (London), during the latter I)art of 18.s;i, called Austin Dob- son, the poet. Harold Skimpole, in Dickens' novel of lili'ik House, is intended for Leifih Hunt. The character was so perfect a copy that both Forster and Trocter join'd in jrettinj; the author to reuKidel it. As it was oriuinally, everybody except Hunt recoiiniziHl the likeness at once, and Dickens found it a tlitiieult matter to mollify his friend, whose ofli- cious ac(|uaiiitances had ar<;ued out to him every [loint of simi- larity. "The jiortrait of Hunt," says Peter Bayne, in VAr Lilfniri/ World (Is'T'.M, "is not favorable, and Dickens has been much blameu- versaiioniil haliil of m:ikiiiu' things plea-^ant all roiiiel. mi^lil be prolilic of misery in hi> lupu.-e- hold, and have practically the ef- fect of downright seltisliness. Such is the inii)ression dcyived by me from the description of Skim- pole in lili^ak Jl'msr. Skimpole is the impersomition of that negative and listless virtue which does iKjt go down into the battle of life; and Dickens, whosi^ good word was instantly converted into a good deed, whose benevolence was impatiently a<'tiv(! and em-r- getic, could hardly distinguish such virtue from hy])ocrisy. Ho loved to write as a moralist, and from a moral |)oint of view the character of Skinijiole is more valuable, because it exposes more subtle and dangerous vice, even than the character of .Micawber. These considerations prove Skim- pole to be artistically a suc<'ess, but if Dickens lived i>n terms of friendship with Hunt, they do not \ indic'ate him from the charge of having taken unfair advantage of the op|i by "good-natured friends,' and wa-- ilee|dy hurt. ' ,\s it has gi\'en yoii so much pain," replied Di. In, (, if.. (.,, II , Auoii,. is l)rob;il,ly inteiide.l for the K.irl of 1 IlllS.t. Harry of the Wtv^t. A niekname given to H nry fl.iy. Sargiiit, HAR 150 HEL in his Public Men and Events (ii. p. 95), says: Where had been General Harrison, during the preceding twelve years, the period of bitter warfare between the Jackson party, headed by the obstinate, sagacious, indomitable old hero, and the opposition, led during the whole period by the eloquent, the ever-vigilant, the faithful Hurry of the West? Had Harrison's voice even been heard during all this dark and trying period, when midst the thickest gloom and smoke all looked up to Mr. Clay, sure that he was at his post doing the duty of a patriot, and, if perchance he could not be seen amid the smoke and din, watch- ing for his nodding plume? Harry Twitcher. Henry, Lord Brtdio'hani, is thus nicknamed in the Xoctes Ambrosiaiix, on ac- count of a chorea iu the muscles of his face. Havelock of the "War, The. Maj.-(ien. Oliver Otis Howard was thus called. Vid. Shanks, Personal Recollections of Distin- guished Generals (p. 302). It was through the constant ob- servation of his Christian duties that he won the title of the " Havelock of the war," and the reputation of an exemplar. Heaven-born Hero, The. So Robert, Lord Clive.is called by the Earl of Chatham. Heaven-born Youth, in Beattie's translation of Virgil's Pastorals (i.), is Augustus Cit'sar. Heavenly Heroine, The. A name given to Christina, Queen of Sweden. Heavy Horseman, The. So Ed- ward (^uillinan is nicknamed in tlie Xoctvs Anibrosianse (i.). Hecate. So Dr. Pepusch called his wife, Francesca Margherita de ritpine, wlio, "besides being outlandish, was swarthy and ill- favored." Hector of Germany, The. A title given to .loachim II., Elec- tor of iirandenburg. Heggledepeg, A. An epitliet conferred on Galiriel Harvey by Nash, in his Have with yov to Saf- fron Walden (London, ISiXJ). Heigh-ho. A nickname given to Henry Norris, the comedian, from an odd soliloquy uttered by him iu The Rehearsal, consisting of the lines : Heigh-ho! heigh-ho! what a change is here ! heyday ! Heyday! I know liot what to do nor "what to say! Vid. Dicky Scrub. Heir of the Republic, The. Bonaparte was so called, l)ecause by creating himself First Consul of France lie overthrew the last vestiges of democracy. Helen Burns, in Cliarlotte Bron- te's novel of Jane Ki/re, is de- scribed by Mrs. Gaskell as "be- ing as exact a transcript of Maria Bronte' as Charlotte's wonderful power of reproducing character could give." In tlie novel, Helen is represented as being most cruelly treated by her governess, Mrs. Scatcherd ; and Mrs. Gas- kell says that Charlotte's " heart beat, to the latest day on wliich we met, with unavailing indigna- tion at the worrying and cruelty to which her gentle, patient, dy- ing sister " was subjected by the original of this woman, at tlie famous school at Cowan's Bridge, near Leeds. Helen of Spain, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Florinda, or Cava, the daughter of St. Julian. She was violated by King Rod- erick, and a war arose l>et\veen the Goths and the .Moors in con- sequence. To avenge his daugh- ter, St. Julian turned traitor to Roderick, and induced tlie floors to invade Spain. Roderick was slain at Xeres on the third dav, A. D. 711. Helluo. A nickname givtm to Anthony MaglialxTchi, and to Peter Comestor, a French theo- logian and ecclesiastical writer, wiio died 118.5 or ll'.iS. Vid. Tmk Great Eaikr, and The Gli't- Tox OF Literature. IIEL 151 HER Helon, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Absaluin and Achito- pliel, n'i)rcsonts the Earl of Feversliaiii. Hemans of America, The. A title soinctiiiics bestowed on Lydia II. Sigourney. Henry, tlie liero of rrior's Henry ami lirntiKi, a [loeni founded on the ballad of 'I'Ik' Xiit linnrn Muhl {i| Kacan, one of the original members of the .\e;iilciiiie I''ran(;aise, and the a\Uhnr of several Odes. Pas- torals, and Memoirs of .Malherhe. but loo much of an amateur to succeed in anything thoril<>ni of the /' ranks. Herr Trippa. A iiaiiH' umliT which CuriK'liiis A^rippa vnii Netterheiiii liiciu'es in Kahelais' I'luiliii/nicl (hk. iii. cap. xxv.) Herrick of Germany, The. An epithet cdiiltrreil on Paul I'"lem- inj;, on accduni <>f his hymns, outs of which, //( iiUi'ii III' ill' n 'I'/ni!' u, coni|)iiseil hefiire liis journey to I'ersia in hi.!."), pr<)\ cs his j^enius as a writer of saiTed sonj^s. He'wson. in Arthur iru<;h Clcnmli's pnem of the /inthi-' "/' J\,li' r-ii"-V,n,l"-li. is inteiuled for J. S. Wiuiier ul Oriel (J.>llei;o. High-Church Trumpet, The. In a pamphlet puldished in Lim- (lun, in 1710, Dr. Sacheverejl is aliuijeil to on the litle-jiau'e as follows; I'uli'K W'ir. i,r Dr. .s'^^ the Iii'jli.-L'h(tri:h Truiiipit, and Mr. Hbj, the Low-Chvrch Drum, enrjaf/ed hij vuuj of iJialorjKe. Higrh-Mettled Harry. A nick- name given to Henry .St. John, Lord i;olin<,'liroke. Vid. Wil- kins, Folttir-il linlbtdi^ (ii. l.jS). High-Towering Falcon, That. So Francis -Meres, in his I'ulladis Tdinia, culls Charles Fitzgeof- frey. Highland Laddie, The. A nick- name given to ('harles Fdward Stuart, the Young I'retender, after he had captured Edinburgh (174.5), while residing in Holy- rood i>alace. At this time ho was very jiopular with the High- landers and the citizens of Edin- burgh ; and the e.xtravngant re- joicings of the Jacobites seemed to know no hoiuids. The ladies busied themselves in j)rociiring locks of his hair or miniature portraits of his person, and in wearing ribbons on which he was represented as "The Highland Laddie," a name w hieh they gave to him in their ballads and .songs. Highland Mary, who inspired si>nie of IJiirns' tincst elTusions, was probalily .M.iry ('am|ibell, although .Mary .Morison is also identilied with the character. Siu' was a nurse-maid to (iavin Hamilton's son .Mexander, born in July, I7.s."i, and she s.iw him tiirouuii se\eral stauesnf infancy before leavini; his house. Her lather wa-; a sailor in a revenuo cutter, statiiini-d at (MmplxU- town, near tlie snuthern end of ("antire. She had spent si>me of her early years at Luch Ilan/a, in the family of llev. I)a\id ('ampl>ell. a relatise . til sjienii the >ununer at I'amplielltiiw n. It is now thouglit thai liie letleis and the I'.ible in two voiuuies said to haN-e he'll uiNeii by him were sent III her (liiringthis time. The latter is still preserveil in her family, and the following jias- sau'is I'f S.-rijilure were wril'.eii by him on their tly-lea\es : on HIG 154 HIP one, " Thou shall not swear by my name falsely I am the Lord" (Lev. xix. 12); on the other, " Tlioxi slialt not forswear thyself, hut perform unto the Lord thy (or, according to some, "all thy") vows" (Matt. V. :>>) If the latter text has been correctly quoted as written, then Burns, either from having written only from mem- ory, or intentionally, has altered it, the true reading being, "But shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths." According to some authors the lovers never met after this parting, but according to others Burns, who, undoubtedly, was at one time on the point of leaving Scotland for the West Indies, had endeavored to persuade Mary to emigrate with him as his wife, and in the autumn of tlie year she accompanied her brother, who was to be apprenticed to a Mr. Macpherson, a ship-carpen- ter, to trreenf)ck. It was for this reason only that she repaired thither, ff>r, before leaving home, she liad agreed to take a place in Glasgow at Martinmas, so that she had then given up the idea of sailing with Buriis, though she may have been still willing to marry him before he left Scot- land. After his apprentice su]> per, her brother became ill, and Mary nursed him, and caught a fever, which hurried her in a few days tf) the grave. Before tlie boy sickened, Macpherson had " agreed to purchase a lair in f lie kirk-yard, "and it is likely enongli that the purchase of the lair, which is registered on Oct. 12, 1780, may have been completed between her death and lier fu- neral. It was almost certainly concluded before the funeral, and a mere agreement to purchase is not likely to have been com- pleted by a superstitious High- lander wliile the hoy or Mary was lying ill and the issue uncertain. TIk! evidence of the burial-lair I)oints to Mary's death as some- where about Oct. 12. The story of the immortal verses " To Mary in Heaven " was given by Mrs. Burns to Mr. ISIcDiarmid. Bums had spent one day in the usual work of harvest, apparently in excellent spirits. '' But as the twilight deepened he appeared to grow ' very sad about something,' and at length wandered out into the barnyard, to which his wife, in her anxiety, followed him, en- treating him in vain to observe that frost had set in, and to return to the fireside. On being again and again requested to do so, he promised compliance, but still renralned where he was, striding uj) and down slowly, and contemplating the sky, which was singularly clear and starry. At last Mrs. Burns found him stretched on a mass of straw, with his eyes fixed una beautiful jjlanet ' that shone like another moon,' and prevailed on him to come in." A monument has been erected to the memory of "Highland ISIary," in Greenock churcli-yard. One side contains a bas-relief of the two lovers, representing their jtarting when they plighted their troth and exchanged Bil)les across the stream " around the castle of Montgomery." The in- scription is simply "Sacred to Genius and Lo\e, to Burns and Highland Mary." Mary's motlier died at Green- wich, Scjit. 27, 1.S27. at an ad- vanced age, and after ^Mary's death two letters were received by her from ISurns. which, unfor- tunately f(ir ]insterity. she de- stroyed, giving as the reason that slie couhl iie\ er read them with- out shedding tears. Hillaris, in ("lirist"pher Smart's poetical satire 7'//" /fUlin'l, is Dr. John Uill, whd had attacked the peet in vui-ious newspapers. Hippocratesi of Our Ag-e, The. So 11 en nan r>'ierhaa\e.the Dutch HTiatomist, iscalJed in Jlcnnippus liedictvus (1714:). TILS 155 IIOM His Noseship. One of the nu- merous cpitliots bostowotl on (Iroinwcll, liy Marchauioiit Necd- hiun, in tlie lattcis jx-riotlical, tlu; Mrrciiriii.s I'ni'jmuli'fis (<-ir- cu l(i4'.i). Historian of the Long Parlia- ment, The. A titli! confeircd on 'I'liduias May, vvlio is buriucl in W'cstiiiinstcr -Vbbry. Historian Philosopher, The. An cpitlict jiivi-n to Fraii(;ois V. Cuillauine (uii/.ot, on account of his Jlisl'ir;/ i>/ Ciriliziifidii in Knriijic, ill wliicli he attempts to mako out a pliilosophy of his- tory. Historicus, in Lord Lytton's poem (ill iiiiriril, ar llif M( tmncr- ////'i.sT.s ( iss.")). is iiitcndcii for Sir William XCriKin Harcourt. Historian Trop Paye, L'. An fpiiiici !.;i\iii III, lean Itacino by his ciKiiiies. Vdl. L'll vi'u( nn K Ul.MKl u. Hoary Bard of Night, The. So IJcallic calls Kdwai'd Vounj;. Viil. TuK i;.\i'T S.\(;i:. Hobbes, in Artliur][iiuh ("louu'h's jKH-m of the ll'thic .,/ Tnlii r-nif- I'liolic/i, is iiitencri; himself was a Nor- we;;ian." Weri;eland received a pension from Kini^ John, and sudileiily found himself stiLcmati/.ed by liis friend as Tuk liKTUAVKi; uk tui; F.\THi-:i:i..\Ni). Holofernes, in Shakesjieare's Lcrr'n Ldhm/r'.s Lnt^t. is an ana- gram of lohnes Florio, tlw lexi- ci-; An.MADo and KoSAI.I.VOK. Holy Autolycus, A. .\ nick- name j^iven to ,rohn Tet/el, a Dominican monk sent by I'ope Leo X. to sill indul;;ences in (!er- many. lie was a xuluar charla- tan with jdiiiiy of wit and im- pudence, the \er>iiian foramoli, and no nnr cculd belter jiulT a nostrum or cajule tin- unedu- cateil. Hence the name, Autoly- cus, taken fri'Ui tin- winy roLjue and jieillar in Sh.ikespeare's coiiiedv 111- wiiit. ,.< y,//, . Hobbinol, the shepherd in Spen- ser's >Ih i.ln nl'x C'll' N'liir, is in- temled fcir Cabriel llarvev, the poet. rr^v^v,! mi T i at i Holy Maid of Kent, The. A Hobbler, The. Jean de Mcuiil:. ,;,i.. ,,:,. i.-i; ,..i...;i. i...... ... Vnl. ( LipriNKl,. Hobbler, The. So TyrtaMis. tl ;iac pii.-t, was nami Click bri au'.i' lie iiiln.dueiii the all! r- nale penl:niieier verse, which is one font shni-ier than the old herciie met f'-. Hob.son Nowcome. Mrs., in 'rh:ieker:i\--. niiNej 77,, S.ir- '",,,. >, j., .,;] ii! \n h:i\-,- heen draw n t'roiii Mi<. Mihier Cihsnn. Hocuspoc-u.s. The. A name uiven t,, Vnhhishi.p I.aml. \',.'.|. for iiniliiiuc the i.'oman Catliolic- tl, le-^i-t the prnurosiif the l;el'i>nil:ili.'n. Homer of a Foot, A. So Sir Waller Sei.tl i- lalleil ill t ! a- .\'." /-.s- .\,,i'.r...-nin:: i \\i.). Homer of Ferrara, The. So Ta-o c;ilU All 1-. Homer of Geometi-y, Tlie. .\ nirknaiiie L:i\eii lu Arehinieiles 111 ciuse he sl.ni.U as hiuh in that sell nee as ij. iii. r d. 'cs in epic ]ioi I r\ . 1 I mu--I Ilii; i'e e. ilicealed that he lell int.. the prevailiii,' errer el t he .iiirii lit phi Insoplier-. HOM 156 HON that geometry was degraded by- being employed to produce any- thing useful. Homer of Portugal, The. A sobri(iuet applied to Canioens, au- thor of the Lusiad. Homer of the Franks, The. So (Jharlemagne calh'd Aiigilbert. Homer of the Isle, The. So Cowley, in his An A7isicer to a Copy of Verses sent me to Jersey, probably refers to William Prynne. Vld. Pope, 27ie Dun- ciad (2d. ed. 1729, p. 04), and Notes and Queries (1st. ser. xii. 67). Homer of This Age, The. An epithet conferred sarcastically on Gabriel Harvey, by Nash, in his Have v:ith you to tiajf'ron Walden (London, ISOG). Homer of Women, The. So Nash, in his Auutomy of Ab- surdity, terms Robert Greene. Homer the Younger. A title given to the poet Philiscos. Vid. The Pleiad of Alexandria. Homeric Ajax, A. A name given to Maurice, Comte de Saxe, on account of his impetuous acts. Henri ^Martin, in his History of France, says: Maurice de Saxe expressed an ex- ceptional sliarle ; he had not tliat serpent-like cokhuv^s ; impetuous in vice as in battle, lie was a Homeric Ajax, devoid of moral sense, thrown amidst a refined system of civiliza- tion, and capable of odious and gen- erous acts according as his frenzy impelled lum. But whetlier Love- lace, in tlie real world, was called Richelieu or Maurice de Saxe, if the cliaiacter and tlie means differed, tlie result was tlie same, it was still tlie idol of former times become a ])laytliiiig. Honest Allan. An appellation frequ(>ntly given to Allan Cun- ningbani. Honest Ben. A sobriquet given to Hen Jonson. Of all styles lie loved most to be named Honest, and hath of that ane hundredth letters so naming liiin. Conversations with Wiilium Vrum- mond (xviii.). Honest George. An epithet conferred on George Graham, an English watch-maker and in- ventor, the most ingenious and accurate artist of his time, and without doubt the most eminent of his profession. He invented several astronomical instru- ments, and greatly improved those already in use. "When the French academicians were sent to the north to make observa- tions for ascertaining the figure of the earth, 'Slv. Graham was thought the fittest person in Eu- rope to supply them with instru- ments. His great end and aim in life was the advancement of science and to benefit mankind. He was i)erfectly sincere and above suspicion. He frequently lent money, but could never be prevailed upon to take interest, and for that reason never in- vested money in government se- curities. He had bank-notes in his iiossession which were thirty years old when he died; and his whole property, except his stock in trade, was found in a strong- box, which, though less than would have been heaped by ava- rice, was yet more than would have remained to jirodigality. Vid. The Fathkr ok Clock- ]Makixu. Honest Jack. A name given to John Feltun, the assassin of tlie Duke (if Buckingham, of whom Disraeli, in his Curiosities of Literature, says: Yet, with all this, such was his love of truth and rigid honor that Felton obtained the niekuiUiie of Honest Jack, one which, after the assassi- nation, became extriiiiely pojiular through the nation. Tlie religious eiitliusiasm of the times, as is well known, was of a nature that might easily occasion its votary to be mis- taken for a reiiublicau. Honest Jack. A nickname given to the Irish agitator John Lawless. Honest Old Abe. Abraham Lincoln lias b(>eii so called. Vid. Kirkland, Pictorial Book of An- HON 157 HUD ecdotes and Incidents of the War of the Rf hellion (p. (i4^)). Honest Old Zach. A name given to Senator Zacliariah Clianciler. Vid. Perley P(K)ie, Life and Pvbllc i^rrrices of Ambrose E, Burnsidv (p. 281). Honest Tom. An epithet applied to Tlionias Warton, the Ent^lisli poet and critic, by Dibdin, in his BihlioiiKiriia or Book-Madness, where he .say.s : A very Pdiiiinon degree of shrewd- ness and of uc(iiiiiiiitaiicc with litera- ture will sliow that in Mfiiander and Scvorax are described honest Tom Warton and snarling Mi.ster Joscpli Uilson. Honle-Tong-ued. So Jolin Wee- ver. in liis Kiihinnimu s (15".I5), calls William Shakes])eare. Honorio Tiiis eliaractor, in Dil>- din's /iihliiii/nijihl'-(il Ih rantvrun, was drawn to re])resent (leorj^e Hibbert, a London merchant, cme of tlie originators of tJic I^ondon Instituiion and the West India Docks, a memher of Parliament, a liotanist, and the OMner se odes are in imita- tion of Horace, and to I'ierro ,Tean de IJiranger. Horace of His Age, The. So dames Allian (Jliibbt-s (or Cildus), ]ioit-laureate to I.co- jichl. Kinperor of Cermanx, st>led himsilf. Vul. W.,od, Fiisli Oj-../// //.v/.v. Horatius Codes of the Tyrol. The. So Ilonaparte ithet conferred on .Martin Luther, by I'oileau-Despreaux, in liis E[d.s- tle XII., where he says: Learn'd Sir, you're right. For all engaged in sin Must, with the I,ove of (iod, tin ir change hegin ; Yet, with thai tierce, hot-headed Monk's good leave. The fear- of hell, with guilty .'dinners, grieve. Hotspur. A snbri(iuet conferred on Henry Percy, on account of liis ungovenialile tem])er. 17(/. Shakespeare. I linni IV. Hotspur of Debate, The. A title sciiiciimis bestiiwed ui)on I-;dwar(l ( ieidt'rey, fourteenth Karl of Derby, whose power t i.e ..f the p. .i.-e. cliairiiiau ..f the ipiarter- ses-.i.'ii--, aii.l a c..louel in the Parliamentary Army. ( IK/, pt. L i. hi). HUG 158 HYA In the Grub Street Journal, Colonel Rolls, a Devonshire gen- tleman, is said to be satirized under the character of Hudi- bras, and it is stated that Hugh de Bras was the name of the old tutelar saint of that county. Hugh Little-John, to whom Sir Walter Scott's Tales of a Grand- father are edicated, was the author's grandson, John Hugh Lockhart. Hugh Strap. The real name of Smollett's celebrated barber was Hugh Hughson ; he died in the parish of St.Martin's-in-the-Field in 1809, at the age of eighty-five, having kept a barber-shop in that locality for over forty years. His shop was hung around with Latin quotations, and lie would frequently point out to his cvxs- toniers the several scenes in Roderick Random ])ertaining to himself, which had their foun- dation, not in the doctor's in- ventive fancy, but in truth and reality. Huguenot Pope, The. Philippe de Mornay. Vid. Le Pape des Huguenots. Hull, Mr., in Hook's novel of Gilbert Gurnei/. was Thomas Hill. Vid. Paul Pry. Humble and Heavenly-Mind- ed. A nickname applied to Dr. ILichard Sibbes. Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (i. 405). Humpback, The. Andrea So- lari. Vid. Del Gobbo. Humphrey Hocus, in Dr. Ar- buthnot's lliatory of John Bull, is intended for the Duke of Marlborough, who is described as an " old cunning attorney," who " loved money," and " pro- vided plentifully for his family; but he loved himself better than them all. His neighbors re- ported he was hen-pecked, which was impossible by such a mild- spirited woman as his wife was." Humpty-Dumpty. A nickname bestowed on William King by Bentley, iu the Boyle and Bent- ley controversy. The name is given on account of King's love for tavern-pleasures, and he is accused of writing more in a tavern than in a study. Huppazoli. A nickname some- times given to Francis Secardi Hongo, consul of the state of Venice in the island of Scio dur- ing the seventeenth century. Hurricane, The. A nickname given to Count Honore Gabriele Riqiietti Mirabeau, on account of the overpowering force of his eloquence, his energy and de- cision, which yielded to no oppo- sition, and the audacity of purpose which shrunk from no ditiiculty. Husbandman, The. A name frequently conferred on Thomas Tusser, the author of A Him- dreth Good Points of Husbandrie (1577), etc. Hushai, in Samuel Pordage's satirical poem Azaria and IIu- shai, is intended for Hyde, Earl of Kocliester, not to be con- founded with John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. A jiarallel is drawn by the author between Hushai, the friend of David, who counteracted the counsels of Achitophel, and caused the plot of Absalom to miscarry, and Rochester, who defeated the ])lansof Shaftesbury, and quelled the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth. Hutin, Le. So Louis X. was named, because, says Maz(>rai, " he was tongue-doughty." The hvtinet was a kind of mallet used by coopers, which made a great noise, hut did not give very for- cible blows. The name may also be derived from the fact that his father sent him against the Hutins, a rebel- lious people of Navarre and Lyons. Hyacinth, in Fanny Fern's novel Rath Hall, is intended to repre- sent Nathaniel P. Willis. HY^ 159 HYP Hyeena, The, montioned in The Oidldrp MX. (ii. 17), is John Kidilell, a IcLjal anticjuarian. Hyena of Brescia, The. So tho Austrian jjciicral Julius .Jakob von Ilayiiau was named, on ac- count of tli(! cruelties he i)rac- tist'd a<;ainst the rebels in Bres- cia, in is4'.l. Hypochondre, L'. A nickname given to MiiJiiTc, tli(^ Frenc^h dramatist, by his contemporaries. Among the luni])i)ons against hini was one called Mdliire lli/iior/ion- drc, a satirical cdincdy, and his pensive physingnoniy. made so in l)art by his dnmeslic troubles, was often the cause of wit among his enemies, while Boileau, his friend, calls him Le Contkmpla- TEUR (7. v.). Hypocrite, The. A nickname given to Stei)lien I^obb, a mem- ber of the .Jesuitical Cabal, em- ployed to gain over the Indepen- dents to the court of .James II. y'i'l. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. 25(1). Hypocrite Rimeur. L'. An epi- thet conferred on .Jean Uacine. He had many enemies, and at one time some satirical couplets were written, and circulated in the fashionable circles of Paris, in which he was called L'llypo- critc Riuieur and L' Uislorien trap pay. I. F. 160 ILL I. I. F., to whom Wordsworth ad- dressed two sonnets, was Mrs. I. Fenwick. lanthe, to whom Lord Byron dedi- cated liispoein of Childe Harold, was Lady Charlotte Harley, born in 180!), and only eleven years old at the time. Idle Gossip, An. So Dr. \Yolcot, in his IJeiicrolent Epistle to Syl- vaniis Urban, calls Mrs. Hester Lynch Piozzi. Idol of the Age, The. So the Kev. Dr. Lrown, in his poem Honor (line 120), contributed to Dodslcy's Collection of Old Poems, calls Rabelais. Idomeneus. A character in Fe'nelon's Tclemaqae, which re^)- resents Louis XIV^. Henri Mar- tin, in his History of France, says : It has beon ^ouprht to deny the allu- sions of Tiih'maque : it abounds in thein; the whole book is nothing but allusions, and this was inevita- ble and involuntary. Sesostris, Ido- meneus above all, Idomeneus nur- tured in ideas of poni]) and lordli- ness, too much absorbed in details of business, ncfrlecting agriculture to devote liiniself to the luxurious adornment of buildings, is Louis XIV.; Tyre is Holland; I'rotesilaus is Louvois; the coalition against Ido- meneus is the League of Augsburg; tlie mountain-towers are the palaces of the Uliine and of IJelgium, " the fortilied towns built on the lands of others." ('crtain speeches of Mentor to Idomeueiis remind us strongly of the auonymous letter to Louis XIV. 15y way of compensation, the philoso])liic excuses which Mentor gives for the f;iult of kings apply equally to Louis. Lastly, Mentor saying to Tclcniachus, " The gods will demand of you more thaii of Idomeneus, because you have known the trutli from your yi>uth, and liave never been abandoned to the seduc- tions of too great prosperity," is evi- dently Fenelon speaking to tlie grandson of the Great King. Ignoramus. So John Dryden is called in the tract A Key, ivith the Whip, to open the Mystery and Ijiiqtiity of the Poem called Ab- salom and Achitophel. Ill-Fated Henry. So Pope, in his poem Windsor Forest (line 300), calls Henry VI., King of England. Illinois Baboon, The. A nick- name given to I'resident Lin- coln by the Confederates during the war of the Rebellion. Vid. Richardson, The Secret Service (p. 355). Illuminated Doctor, The. Vid. Doctor Illumixatus. Illuminator. So Gregory, the apostle of Christianity among the Armenians in the third and fourth centuries, is called. Illustrious, The. Tlie following personages have been endcnved with this sobriquet: Jam-Slieirosianie (Ixi.). Illustrious Conqueror of Com- mon-Sense. Sci Jjucen Anne, but who for his .Jacobite symi)athies was removed from his otiice iinmedi- atidv upon the accession of (kMiVge [. 17'/. Wilkins, i'o?i(^ (((/ /I, III, Ids (ii. KK)). Incomparable. So Drydon, in his prefa<'e to Truili/x (Uid Crrs- nid'i (UuV), calls William Shakes- peare. Incomprehensible Holofernes, The. A nicktiame given to Dr. Saiinnd .Tohnson. \'iut, paisimonious, scrupiiloiis alioiit trifles, simjile in his hiihits. of a i.iiid clii- tioii. and naturally ascrse to excilemeiit or exii t ioii. He neg- lected the interests of his conn- try to indulge ill his fa\(>ritt! slinlies in alelieniv. astronomy, and hot, my. lie h:id no talciit for ruling, and took iiior^' delight in his eahli.iues and apple-or- chard than in his camp and subjects. IND 162 INT Indolent, The. Louis V. of France. Vid. Lb Faineant. Infamous, The. A. name given to Elizabeth Petrowna, Empress of Russia. She has also been described as La Catin du NoRD, i. e., The Northern Harlot. Infant of Ltibeck, The. A so- briquet conferred on Christian Heinrich Hcinecken, a remark- able specimen of a juvenile prodigy. Schonich, his precep- tor, related wonderful stories concerning the boy, such as his knowledge of the history of the entire Bible at the age of two years, his mastery of French and Latin at three, etc. Infante de Anteguera, El, is the regent Fernando, who cap- tured the city of Anteguera from the Moors in 1419. Infortunatus. A nickname given to the illegitimate son of Robert Greene. When Greene left his wife and went to London, he became intimate with a prosti- tute, the sister of Cutting Ball, a captain of a gang of thieves. She had a son by him, who was named Fortunatus. This son died in August, 1593. Harvey, in his Fotire Lelfprs and Certaine Sonnets, gave him the above nickname when speaking of the father, thus: I was altogether unacquainted with the man, and never once saluted him by name: but wlio in London hatli "not heard of his dissolute and licentious living; his infamous resorting to Ranckside, ."^horditch, and other filtliy haunts: Ins obscure lurkings in l>as(st corners; Iiis pawn- ing of his sword, clouke, and wliat not, wlien money came sliort ; liis imprudent i)amphletting, phantasti- call interluding, and desperate libel- ling, when other coosening slufts failed; liis emjjloyinge of Hall (sur- nanied cuttinge Hall) till he was intercepted at Tiborne, to leavy a crew of his trustiest companions, to g\mrde him in danger of Arrests : his keeping of the foresaid Ball's sister, a sorry ragged queane, of wliom liec liad Ids base sonne,yH/cir- tunafus Greene; liis forsaking his owne wife, too honest for such a husband; particulars are infinite; his contemning of Superiors, derid- ing of other, and defying of all good order ;* Inglesina, L'. So the Italians called Cecilia Davies, an Eng- lish vocalist, and the first Eng- lishwoman accepted in Italy as prima donna. Inimitable, The. George Gran- ville, in one of his poems, thus calls Edmond Waller. Innominato, in Alossandro Man- zoni's novel / Promessi Sposi (18:57), represents, according to Prof. Angelo de Gubernatis, the author himself, and Cardinal Borromeo is intended for his friend and confessor, Tosi. Inquisitor of Atheists, The. A nickname given to Jacques Andre Naigeon, a French littera- teur and free-thinker, on account of his intolerance. Insatiate Archer. A sobriquet applied to William S. Archer. Vid. Higginson, Larqer History of the United Statis (p. 424) : Arclu^r of Virginia, too, generally designated as " Insatiate Archer," from his fatal loiig-wiiuledness. Insolent, The. A nickname given to Caffarelli, the Italian singer. Vid. Crowest, Musical Anecdotes (ii. 2-5). Inspired Idiot, The. So Horace Walpole called Oliver Gold- smitli. Vid. Black, Goldsmith, in English Men of Letters (cap. vi.). Inspired Tinker, The. John Bunyun. Vire, tlie English divine and philosopher, who, after linishing INT 163 IRI some of his writings, which had occasioned much fatigue, was subject to fits of ecstasy, during wliicli he seemed entirely en- gulfed in joy and happiness. Vid. TiiK Max Mouse. Intellectual Eunuch, The. So Lord Byron, in JJon Juan (xi. 8), calls Viscount Castlereagli, the second Marcjuis of Londonderry. Intendente de Fortiflcazione. So Mazzuc'lit'lli styles Jacobus Acontius. I'lil. Stephen, Dic- tionarij of X(itii>n long weary old agi', during which in solitude and silince he watched the extinction of Flor- ence, the institution of the Inipiisi- fion, and the abasement of the Italian spirit beneath the tyranny of .^pain. Intrepid, The. A nickname given to r..ilcslas I., King of I'olund, and coniiiiemr of Holicmia and the neighlioriiig states. Invalid Laureate, The. A name under whicli I'uul Scarron. the FiciKih coinic jioct. often spoke of liimself iliiring tbe time lie wiis receiving a pension from Queen Aiuie. Inventive Skelton, The. An epithet applied to Jolm Skelton, of whom, in comparing tliat poet's Philip Sparruiu and /(/- noare Rurnmynl.\ck VK\scK{q.i).) is termed in A True Relation of a Brarc Knf/lish Strataf/em Prac- tised Lately upon a Sea Town in Valieia, . . . (London, KCti; p. 8), reprinted by Arber, in his Kn;/li.sh Garner (vol. i.). lo Psean Dick. A nickname given to Iliciiard Harvey, who wrote F.phemeron, sire Piean in (iratiain reformats dialecticas, by Nash, in liis Hare xrith yon to Safron W'alden (London, l.'i'.K)), wlieri> he says : This is that Dick, of whom Kit JIarloe was wont to say, that he was an a-si', good for nothing but to preach of the Iron .\ge: (ii.-ilogiiiz- liig I>ii-I:e. lo I'aan Dicke, Syiie-ian anil I'ieriaii Dick, Dick the true Unite, or noble Trojan, or Dick that halh vowed to live and die in defence of Unite, and lhi< our lies lir-t otf- siiriiig from till- I'roia 11^, Dick ag.'iiiist baldness, Dit hi- lieiielice and hi- Wench, both at once. Irish Ajsritator, The. A name given til I )aiiiil ( )'('oiinell, i- lislied order and the strictest economy in all branches of the am bis being supposed to be the best jumper in the world, an exer- cise for which there was at one time a i)revailing taste in France." Ironside. A name given to Ed- mund II., Kin;^ of the Anglo- Saxons, from his iron armor. Iron-Tooth, The. A nicktiame given to Frederick II., Elector of Brandenburg. He was only twenty-seven at bis accession, but wlien some of the burghers, presuming on his youth, tried to take souu' liberty with him, h(^ showed his strength sf) quickly ami well that he was called " The Iron-Tooth." 17'/. Dknt dk F'er. Irrefragable Doctor, The. Alexander Hales. Vid. The F<)t;.\TAi.\ i>y IjIfk. Isabel. -V character in flreene's novel Xirrr too Luti', drawn to represent his wife. Her name was Dorothy, ami she was the daughter of a squire in Lim>oln- shire. They were married in l.'iSt!, and for a while they enjoyed a jieriod of conjugal happiness, but after a few imuitlis they iiarted. It is sup- ]>osed be was wearied with her moi-ali/ing and economizing. She, with her ehild, went into IJncohishire, and he went to London, where the lewd arts of a courtesan jU'obably aroused bis jiassions. A ]ia.ssionate man like (JreenewouM have returned to his wife fur pardon, and have endeaxored tu )ia\ c !i\-eil down his otTeiicrs liy Ion ing aiteni'dii. but the wifi' did not under'^taud his character, she was re\olteii by his conduct, and rejiroaelied him for it with all the indiunation of an iioiK vt heart. The lnjipy t'udin,' in lie- iio\el, wliere tlie wife an;'), a Frencji revolutionary chief, and a leader of the Jiiii/iii'.i JJiiii/iiiiiinir. a band of L'O.ldM) jxa.saiits, who rose against their opi>ressive t;ov- ernment. Jack of Clubs. A sohritiuet Ix'Stowed on (Jen. I'hilii) H. 81ieridaii hy his soldiers. Vi'l. Shanks, ]'< cHundl RrcnUr'^ttdns of l)is(in'nn!^li(d Gviwrals (p. ;i()7). Jack of Newbury. A sohriquet bestowed on .Jiihn "NVinchcomb. From Henry I'eaclianrs Cuiii- jitriil (! iitli ninii wo learn that "he was the most considerable rlnthier lOnijland ever had. He kept an biuidved looms in his house, ( :i( li manaijeil by a man and a bo\ . lie feasted Kini; 1 leiiry \' I II . and liis tirst (,>ui'en Catherine at his ciwn bouse in New bury, now divided into six- i teen cldtbiers' houses. He b\lilt the chun h of Niwbury, from the iiuljiit Westward to the town." .\t the battle ..f Flodden in l")!:;, Winibcomb joined the Earl of Surrey with a corps of one hundred men, etpiipped at his own expense, who distin- guished themselves greatly in tliat fight. Thomas Deloney wrote a tale on the subject, pub- lished in 1.")'.**;. Jack of Spades. A sohriquet bestowed on (ien. John A. Logan by his troops. Vid. Shanks, Pcrtioixd Ri collections of hislimiuishtd Generals (p. :Jo7). Jack the Painter. A nickname given to .lames Aitken, an in- cendiary, who was trieil at Win- chester, March V, 1777, and con- victed of setting tire to the rope- house in the royal dock-yard at Poitsmouth. Aitken intended crippling (Ireat 15ritain during the .Ameiicm Kevolution. Jackall, Thou. So Dr. Wolcot, in bis I-'ji/sil' t') Jdiiii s Uosirell, calls tiie Litter. James of the Sink-Hole. So W. Patten, in bis l-lxjiedition into .4m. terms .Ia<-o- hus de N'oraigne, a Iiominio.m friar of the tbirteentli century. His Li i/i iiil'i .!'//(( was pul)- lishoil in 1 I7n. 1/./. Watt, IH"- liir.tl Ih.ti.,ii'irii (ii. <.t:;,s), antl Didot, /li'"/riijJiti I'nirrr- .vr//e. Jamie, in the ballad Auld Ri>bin (!r>iii (.y. r.), is .'>ir .lames IMand P.urges. Jamie Graeme. Si> the Queen of r.obeinia <'alled the Marouis of Monlro-e. I/./. Massoii, l.ife of Milt.'n (1%. isii. Janus-Faced Critic. A. .\ name somelimes giveti to ,101111 Hill, a man of ri'iuarkablo JAU 168 JEN talent, but of a bad moral char- acter. Jaunting Carr, The. A nick- name given to Sir John Carr, an Englisli lawyer, wlio took to making bookk In 1803 he pub- lished The Stranger in France, which proved so successful that in 180() he publislied The Stran- ger in Ireland. After the publi- cation of the latter, tlie wags of Ireland, where the favorite car- riage of the time was tlie jaunt- ing-car, nicknamed Sir John, on account of his much journeying, " Tiie Jaunting Carr," a name which stuck to liim to the day of his death, and much annoyed him. He was also the author of many other volumes of travels, visiting nearly every country of Europe for materials for his works, and likewise jtublislied a vohime of poems. The order of knightliood was conferred upon him by the lord-lieutenant of Ireland. Byron, in a letter from Gibraltar, written to Hodg- son, says : I have .seen Sir Jolm Carr at .'Seville and Cadiz, and liave been down on my knees to beg he would not put me into black and white. Jay. A name given to Sir Rich- ard Steele by Dr. Wagstaffe. Disraeli, in his Quarrelfi of Au- thors, quoting Wagstaffe, says : Steele was a jay who borrowed a feather from a peacock, anotlier from a bullfinch, and another fiiini a magpie; so tliat Dick is madeujiof borrowed colors; lie borrowed his humor from Estcourt, criticism from Addison, his poetry of Pope, and his jjolitics of Ridpath. Jean d'ifip^e. A title bestowed ui)on Xajioleon Bonaparte by his partisans in France, who endeav- ored to re-establish liim upon the throne after his banishment to Elba. Jean Paul. A sobriquet bestowed ujion Jean Paul Friedrich Rich- ter, he having adoptinl his Chris- tian name as a pseudonym. Jeered Will. A name by which Sir William Davenant was for- merly spoken of. Jeffries' Headsman. So Byron, in Don Juan (xiii. 38), calls George Hardinge, a Welsh judge. Jehu. A nickname given to Louis XV'III. of France, by the unor- ganized legitimists who attempt- ed to restore him to the tlirone. Jemmy Butler. A nickname given to the Dttke of Ormond, one of the intriguers lor the res- toration of the Stuarts. Vid. M^ilkins, Political Ballads (ii. KIS). Jemmy Twitcher, in Gay's Beg- g((r's Opera, is intended for John, Earl of Sandwich, a vicious char- acter, and noted for his liaison with Miss Ray, who was shot by the Rev. " Cai)tain " Hackman out of jealousy. Gay thus de- scribes him : When sly Jemmy Twitcher had smugged up his face. With a lick of court whitewash and pious grimace. The Earl of Sandwich had been an intimate friend of Wilkes, but turned against liim when he was persecuted by the court and the ministry. " Shortly after the meeting of Parliament." says jVIacauiay, " The Bi-ggar's Opera was acted at Covent Garden Theatre. When ]\raclieath ut- tered the words; 'That Jemmy Twitcher should 'peach me, I own, snr])rised me,' pit, boxes, and gallery burst into a roar which seemed likely to bring the rf)of down. From that day Sand- \\\c\\ was universally known as Jemmy Twitcher." Jenisa. in ]SIrs. Manley's Secret llistiinj of Queen Zorah, is in- teiuled for the mother of the Duchess of ]SIarlb(iroug]i, whose maiden iiame was Ji nnings. Vid. (Jitp:kn ZoKAii. Jennie Deans, the heroine of Sir Walter Scott's novel of The Heart of Midlothian, was drawn from Helen Walker, over whose JEX 169 JES grave in tlic rliurr!i-yard of Iron- gray, Stewart ry of Kirkcudbright, tlie jKK't caused a tombstone to be erected. Jenson of His Day, The. A nickiiaiiH! ;;iveii to Joliii I{ask- erville, a ((lcl)rated printer of Birininghani, P]iij,'laiid, who, iike Jenson, the well known Vf.Mietian printer, was also a tyiiefounikT. Dibdin, in liis liiblionraphical Decameron (iii. 'Mi\), says: When I)r iliiiitcr set altoiit the eIt|)lKiiiliiic fi)lii) |)iil)lic;itii)ii of 'Die Aniitamy of the Iluiiuni (iniriil Uterus, which cost liiiii upwards of twenty years of toil, expense, and anxietv,' he employed lia-kerviHe, the .U'n-on of his dav, to introduce it to the ]iMlilic notice with every possible dejjiee of tvpof^raphical ad- vanta;.'e. Jenson of the Nortli, The. A nieknaiiie ;;i\ en to .lanes I'.allan- tyne. a Sioitish printer and jmb- lisher, liy I)il)ilin, in his liihho- (irofhic'il Jh riiiioron (ii. 41S). Jerry the Old Screw. A nick- name bestowed upon Jeremy Bent ham. in the Xortrs Ainbro- sidiiir. (x.w ii.). Jessamy Bride, The. A nick- name j;i\en to .Mary Ilorneek, a youii'.,' ;;iil w ith whom Coldsinitli | fell in lo\ f. She was the (laUL,di- ter of Mrs. Hurneck, the widow j of Captain l\aiie Iloitieek, and I was a relative of Iteynohls, thc! i artist, who introduced (loldsm it li ! to her. in ITti'.'. She liad one sis- I ter, nameil Catherine, at this time nineteen years of aj^e. whoa few Years later married Henry Will- iam I'.unlniry, the caricaturist, and w.is nickiKuned in the family I^ittle Comedy, and one l)rother, Cli.irles, nicknamed Cajitain in I.a( c. who had joined the (Ju.irds. (Jold-inith accompa- nied the iiiollier and the two daughters diiiiie^' their journi'V in l'"ranc e, and is said to have lieeii Seriously an'_'ry that more attention was paid to them than to him. I'.o-w.-U sa\s so, hut, as Bo//,y was willing: to conce.il his own follies hy [lointiiiL; out wliat he considered tliose of others, it is well not to believe all lie says. Mary at the time of Goldsmith's deatii had no declared lover, nor was she married till four years after, to Colonel, afterwards Gen- eral, Gwyn. Both the girls were remarkably beautiful, and Mary exerted a strange fa.scinatioii over Goldsmitli. Heaven only knows what impossible dreams may at this time have visited the awk- ward, unattractive man of letters. But whether at any time aspir- ing to other regard than genius and simplicity miglit claim, at least these two sisters heartily liked him; ami iirohably the iia|>- piest hours of the latter years of his life were passed in their soci- ety. Burke was their guardian and tenderly remembered them in his prenniture old age, whihj their .sfx;ial as well as personal charms are spoken of by all. JIazlitt met Mary in Xorthcot's studio (Catherine liad then long been dead), and .says at that time she was still talking of her favor- ite Doctor (Joldsmith, with rec- ollection and al'fection unabated by lime. .\t that time she was beautiful, beautiful even in years. The (iraces had triumphed over age. " I Could almost fancy tin; shade of (loldsmilh in the room," says Hazliit. " looking round with complaceiicw" 'I'he nick- name and tlie niiknames of tin! brother and sister are preserved in a bit of verse by (ioldsmith, written in return for an invita- tion to a dinner-party, wherein; was to meet KeyuoMs. Dr. (after- wards .Sir Geoiue IJaker, and Angelic. I Ivautm.uin, which says : Your inaiiilale I i.">t. You mav all -o to pot. Had \ onr -ell-e- heell rif.'ht, ^oll'il Ijaie Milt before Iijfjht. So lell Ilorneek and Ne>bit, And U.ik. r and hi- bii, An.l Kaufinann b, -ide. And the .le--anis Itride, \\ ith the re-t of tile crew, The l:,^ lln|d-e< too, Little Coined) 's fuco, JES 170 JOH And the Captain in Lace, Tell each other to rue Your Devonshire crew, For sending so late To one of my state, But 'tis Reynolds's way, From wisdom to stray. And Angelica's whim To be frolick like him. Jesuit, That. A nickname given to William Penn, the Quaker, wlio publicly ])rcached in favor of James I. and his Declaration of Indulgence. Vid. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. 250). Jeune, Le. So Louis VII., King of France, is called. Jeune Damoisel Ricliart, Le. So Froissart calls Richard II. Jewel, The. " Roscius, whom the eloquent orator and excellent statesman of Rome, Marcus Cicero, for his elegant pronun- tiation and formall gesture, called his Jewell, had from the common treasury of the Roman Excheq- uer a daily pention allowed him," etc. Vid. Heywood, An Apolof/y for Actors (l*il2), repr. Shakes, soc. London (1841, p. 42). Jewel of Bishops, The. So Hooker calls John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, "the worthiest divine that Christendom hath bred for some hundred of years." Jew^ish Plato, The. A sobriquet of Philo Judicus, a Jewish phi- losopher, who tiourished in the first century. Jewish Socrates. A nickname sometimes given to Moses Men- delssohn, on account of his being a (ilerman Jew and the author of Phsedon, or a Dialo(/iie on the Immortality of the Soul. Jim Crow Rice. Thomas I). Rice, the comedian, has fre- quently b(>en alluded to as " Jim Crow" Ric(!, "Jim Crow " be- ing one of his best characters. Vid. Winter, Tlie Jeff'ersons (p. 183). Joan of Arc of Peace, The. A name given to Maihime Julia de Weitinghotr Krudener, a Russian litterateur and mystic. Jock Presbyter. A nickname given to Sir William Jones, an English lawyer, after he had in- troduced a bill in Parliament to exclude the Duke of York from the throne. It appears in an epitaph, ])ublished in that mis- cellany of satire and indecency the State Poems (iii. p. 157), which says: Sir William in Arcta cnstodia lies. Committed by Death sans baU or mainprize, Forsaking his King, a very good client. He turn'd Jock Presbyter, O fie on't! And being thus from his allegiance free. Returned was by him for anarchy. Jockey of Norfolk, The. A nickname given to Sir John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, an English general and diplomatist, and a firm friend of Richard III. Sir John, magnificent in estate and ottices, accom])anied his king to the field of Boswo^'th, and there, having been regardless of the warning atfixed to his tent the night before, Jockey of Norfolk, be not too bold. For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold, sustained his fealty with death. Jocular Samson. So the Rev. Sydney Smith, in his Letters on the Subject of the Catliolics (1838), calls George Canning. Jocund Johnny. A nickname whicli Sir Walter Scott occasion- ally applied to John Ballantyne. Johannes fac totum, ;. e., Jack OF .VLL Thaoes. So Robert (Jreene calls Sliakesi)eare. Vid. Shakk-S(i:nk. John Gilpin, the hero of Cowper's j)oem of the same name, is sup- posed to be iiitcudcil fur a certain Mr. Bayer, "an eminent linen- draper," whose sliop was in Cheapside, London. John Kobbler. A nickname as- sumed by ,li)hn Kelso Hunter, a Scotch artist. In his youth he learned the trade, of a shix^- maker, and settled in Kilmar- J OH 171 JUD nock in pursuance of his calling, where he married. He tiien be- came fired with the ambition of bein^? a painter, and, in spite of the responsibilities of daily pro- vidin}^ for a family, pursued the object on whicli he had set his heart, with such enthusiasm and enerfjy as to secure for himself a respectable jjosition as a portrait- painter. He used to sign the ini- tials " .1. K." to his pictures, and said it stood for "John Kobbler " ; hence he became known by this nickname. He was a man of a sturdy independence of charac- ter, and had a wide circle of friends, besides being the author of several works in literature. John O'Cataract. A nickname given to .loiui Neal, the Ameri- can novelist, "on account of his impetuous manners." The name was afterward adopted by him as a pseudonym. ."ohn qf Bruges. A title given to the Flemish painter .John van Eyck, from bis [ilace of resi- dence. John of Gaunt. A title bestowed on the third son of Edward III., who was born at (ihent, in Flanders. John of Skye, referred to in C/iristojifii'i- in llic '/\ ut (Atigust, IHlil), is .loliM IJruce, bag-piper of the household of Sir Walter Scott. John the Almoner. So St. C'hrysostom is named, IxH'ause he bestowed the greater portion of his revenues on charitable insti- tutions. John, the Brother of James, in T/ir clKihlrr MS. (iv. 'JO), is .John Hallaiityiie, " which is a man of low stature, anil givetli out mer- ry tliinj,'^, and is a lover of fables from his Vduili up." John with tho Leadc S^vord. This title was ai)pli((l by Karl Douglas to .loliu riantagenet, the Duke of r.edford, wlKvacted as regent for Iving Henry VI. in France, Jonathan, who occurs in Robert Schumann's musical essays (the Ducid.sbuiulli'r), is intended for Jonathan Schunke, the friend of the author. Josiah of England, The. A nickname given to Edward VI. Vid. The Saixt. Jotham, in Dryden's satire of Ahs(dom and Atliilophel. repre- sents George Savile, Marquis of Halifax. Vid., for explanation, Judges ix. Jove of Jolly Fellows, The. A sobri(|U(!t bestowed upon John van Buren. Vid. Bungay, Ojff- Iland Tukiiif/s (p. 127). Jove of the Modern Critical Olympus, The. A nickname given to Leigh Hunt. Vid. Lord JL\Yt)K OK THK Theatkic Sky. Jove's Poet. A name given to Thomas Moore by Samuel Lover, in a poem called The I'oct's Elec- tion, sung at a dinner given to Moore in Dublin, 181: But ciulless 'twould be here to tell all the (iods Who gave to the Poet their .-imiles and tlieir nods; And lie who from Krin his heart ne'er could sever Was duly eU'Cted .Jove's Poet for- ever. Jovial, The. A nickname given to Otlio, Duke of ,\ustria, on ac- count of his spirit and vivacity, and tlie hilarity of liis temper, fie reigned with his brother Al- bert in such wonderful harmony tiiat no indicatioiiscan be seen of tiieir sejiarate administrations. Jovial Toper, The. Walter Mapes. \'td. Thk .\n-A(i;eun OK rilK TWKI.I TH ('K.NTlltY. Jowler, in Tobias Smollett's politi- cal romance V'Ae Ilistnrii / an Alum, rejire- sents the lOarl of (.'liatham. JuDilee Dirky. .\ nickname given to Henry Norris. Vid. Dicky .Sciai!. Judas, in Dryden and Tate's sat- ire of Ab.saluni and Avliilophd, JUD 172 JUP is intended for Robert Ferjfuson, a Nonconformist, who was eject- ed from his living of Go(hners- ham, in Kent, in 1()()2, and after- wards distinguished liimself by his political intrigues. Vid. The Plotter. Judas. So Sir Robert Peel is nicknamed in a song in the Nodes Ambrosianie (xlv.), be- cause he carried the Catholic emancipation bill, against which his wliole previous career had been opposed : Here Judas, with a face where shame Or honor ne'er was known to be. Maintaining he is still the same. That lie ne'er rattled, no, not he. The moral Surface swears to-day Defiance to the priest and pope; To-morrow, read}- to betray His brother churclunen to the rope. Judas Of the West, The. A name applied to Henry Clay by Andrew Jackson. Vid. Perley Poore's Reminiscences (i. 23) : Many believed, however, that a bargain was made between Adams and Clay, by which the latter re- ceived, lis a consideration for trans- ferring to the forna-r the votes of Kentucky, Ohio, and ilissouri, the position of secretary of state. . . . General Jackson wrote to Major Lewis : " So, you see, the Judas of the West has closed the contract and will receive the thirty pieces of sil- ver. His end will be the same. Was there ever witnessed such a bare- faced corruption in any country be- fore? " Judge Bridleg-oose. A charac- ter in Rabelais' Panta I''/;/ Old Dibtn, is supj)Osed to be intended for Sir Francis Michell. Yid. Siii Giles Ovekklach. Justlcier, Le Podro I., King of Portugal. Vid. Tiik Ckuel. Juvenal of Chivalry, The A nickname given to Heinrich von Molk, who seems to have been a lay brother in Molk on the l)anul)e. He wius the earliest of (Jerman satirists, and one of the greatest and most bitter to be found in (lerman literature. Ho does not attempt to conceal the corruption of the clergy, as loy- alty to his order miglit seem to require, but tells bitter truths to them as well as to the laity, princes, knights, merchants, and peasants. His early years were 8i>eut among the chivalry, and in his later life he {)ractised the duty of gallantry to noble ladies, whom he exempts from his un- sparing satire. Juvenal of Painters, The. A tith- given to William Hogarth. Juvenal of the English Drama, The. A name given to Hen Jon- sun. Disraeli, in liis Amenities of LUi-rotiiri', says: Of all our dramatists, Jonson, the .luvcnal of our drama, alone pro- fisscd to study tlie " liinnor," or iiKiMMcrs of the aj;c ; but manners vanL-li with tlieir ;;cncration; and ere the (Miitury clo^is, rvcn the ac- tors cannot be j)rocured to personate oliaraotiTS of which they view no prototype. KAI 174 KIN K. Kaiser William. A nickname given to Senator Ambrose Ev- erett Burnside of Khode Island Vid. Perley Poore's Eeniiais- cences (ii 3()3), Kartatschenprinz. A name formerly bestowed on the present Emperor of Germany, William I., lie having ordered the troops to tire ujxm the people with grape-shot during the troubles of 1848. Katharine de Medici of China, The. So Voothee, the widow of King Tae-tsong, has been named. Kempferhausen. A title given to Kobert Pierce Gillies in the Xoctea Ambrosianas, he having used this name as a pseudonym. Kill. A nickname given by his soldiers to (ieneral Kilpatrick Kind Robin. A name under which Pavon William Murray Nairne figures in his wife's bal- lad Kind Robin Lo'es Me. Robin is my ain gudeman, Now niatcli liiiii, carliiis, gin ye can, For ilk anc wliitest thinks her swan. But kind Kobui lo'es me. King Arthur of the Stag-e.The. An ei)ithet given to William Charles ]Mncreadv by the author of Obiter Dicta (New York, 1885; p. 141), who saj^s; Read Macrciidy's Memoirs the King Arthur of the Stage. You will find tliere, I am sorry to say, all tlie actor's faults if faults they can be called, which seem rather "hard necessities, tlie discoloring of the dyer's hand, greedy hungering after applause, endless egotism, grudging praise all are there; not perlui])s in tlie tropical luxuriance they have attained elsewhere, but plain enough. King Bomba. Ferdinand II., King of Naples Vul. Bomba King Coll, or King- Colley. A pc)pula nickname for Colley Gibber Vid. Fitzgerald, Neio History of the English Stage (i 324), King Dowager. A nickname given to Lord Feversliam, The favor with which she [Catha- rine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II., King of England] was suspected of regarding him [Lord Feversliam) obtained for him the nickname of King Uowager. Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England (viii 457-8). King Franconl. A nickname given to Joachim Murat, because he resembled in dress tlie moun- tebank Franconi. King Honest-Man. So Victor Emmanuel II., King of Italy, was called, "for his honest con- cessions to the people of consti- tutional freedom jiromised by his father and by himself in less prosperous circumstances." King Leigh A nickname given to Leigh Hunt in the Noctes Amhrof-ianse (i.), and in Maginn's poem The Leather Bottle. King-Maker, The So Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, was called, because when he took sides with Henry \'I that mon- arch was the king, but when he supiiorted Ed\\ard IV. the lat- ter w;is king, and Henry was de- posed. King Martin the First A sobri- ((ui t liestdwrd updii IVlartin van Puren. Vid. P>migay, Off-IIand Takinijti (]) 127). King of Arragon, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Carlo Arri- KIN 175 KIN goiii, an Italian lutanist of the eiglitet'iith century, " whose only claim to notice is his ()ossi- ble antajioiiisin to Handel." VUl. Arbuthnot's satire Ilarmomj in ail I'/irour. King of Bark, The. A title givj'ii to Cinistoiilicr III., King of Scaiuiiiiiivia in the tifteoiitii century, who, at a period of great famine, (irdtrcd liiicli-bark to be nii.xed witli meal for food. King of Bath, The. A nick- name given to Richard Nash, when he was the master of ceicmonies at Bath. Vid. Ukau Nasii. King of Book-Collectors, The. A nickiianu! given to Kulicrt Ilarley, Karl of Oxford, a great cnllcctor of books. In 17'_':i tiie I'ritisli gcivcrnnient ])nrrhased liis collection of ,s(HX) .MSS. and 4()().(HK) i)ampiil<'ts. and jilaced tliem in the liritish Museum, wliere they are known as the Harlcian Collection, and the jTintcd caialouiH' of them makes four \ (dumcs S\ o. King of Bourges, The. A nick- name given to Charles X'll.in his youth. r|.oii the death of iiis lather, he assumed tlie title fif King of France, hut w.is not recogni/.iMJ by tiie nation, excel)! in the towns of Orleans and Bourses. In tin; catliedral of the latter city he was crowned: jience the name The i\ing of I'lourges. KinpT of Brave Men. The. Henri l\ . of France is so called. T,./. Li. Uoi lu.s l!i: AVI s. King of Cotswold, The. So (;rey l:ryd-e-. l':.n| of ChaiKhjs, wascalle(H) books in the Uiit- tinifcr (Ji'lc/irt'ii Anzeif/ru, of wliich he was director. Besides this herculean work, he had classes in the study of i)hilolog5' and classical anti(|uity. King of Dramatists, The. A name given to ,Jean Bajjtiste I'oqu(din de Moliere by Henri van Laun, in his Ilistorij of Frvnch Literature (i. IS), who says : From Kacine to one man who well knew how to briiifr out upon his canvas tlic Mfihts and sliadous of evcrv-ilay life, The Kinir of Urama- tistsl The Anatomist of Humaiiitv, Molic-re. King of Dulness, The. .\ title bestowed on Colley Cihber, the j)0et. lid. Boi)e, T/ic Unnciad (bk.i.). King of Dunces, The, the liero of Alexander I'oi)e's poetical satire Tho linndi'd, was Lewis Theobald, who had annoyed tlie poet by his .s//r(/ <>.-/'' "/v li', s/arnl, in wliich he critici^eil I'ope's edition of Shakespe. ire's works. In 17h<, liowever, a version of T/i' Ihnirhid was imldislied in \\hich Collev Ciliher was sulisti- tuted for Tlieohald. Cibher hav- ing incurreil the enmity of Pope liy his attack on tlie farce 'I'lirrr Jl<>nr.< J/t. r M:irri,',,., written liy Fojie anvenmient of (ireat r>rit:iin for tiie assisiance he li;iil I'lei i\id from it in ii<(nerinu the throne of his an- cestors." King of Feuilletons, The .lilies (lahiiel .hinin Vid. Lk Knl liKS l'"l 1 Il.l.l.To.SS'. King of Fire ,^o Or. Wolcot, in Ills I'.i.,.^!!, In (\,(,nl Uiniifurd, calls the hitter. Km 176 KIN King of Hearts, The. A nick- name given to Cliarles Talbot, Duke of Slirewsbury. Before lie was of age he was allowed to be one of the finest gen- tlemen and finest scholars of his time. He was early called the King of Hearts, and never, through a long, eventful, and checkered life, lost his right to that name. Mac- aulay, HiMnry of Knrjhnul (ii.). King of Inattention, The. Swift calls Dr. John Arbuthnot by this name in a letter to Gay, July 10, 1732. King of Khorassan, The. A title conferred on Anvari, a Per- sian ])roclaimed king of France. His reign forms an e]Kich in French history, begun and ended by a revolution. King of the Beggars, The. A sobriquet apjilicd to Charles VIII. of France, who without money undertook a war in Italy, and whose orticers refused to exe- cute his orders as soon as he had repassed tlu; mountains. In 1488, alter the battle of St. Au- bin du Cormier, he was forced, for want of money, to discharge some of his officers who liad served him well tliere. KIN 177 KIN King of the Border, The. A iiickiiaiiie given to Adam Scott, of Tusliiclaw, Scotland, a border chief and niaraudcr. King of the Cherokees. The. A name f^iven to Sir Alexander Guinniiii;;. In 17'21i, he was in- duced l>y a dream of liis wife's to undertake a voyage to Amer- ica, and in the next year he found himself among the Chcro- lice Indians, of whom he was made a chief, and in wliich ca|iacity he ligured at a meeting of the dilTerent tribes at Ne(|iiisee, among the mountains, lie re- turned to Kngland act'om])anied by six Indian chiefs, and aji- tie.'ired before (Jeorgc; II. at Windsor, lie laid his crown at his majesty's feet, the other chiefs also doing liomage, and ] "resenting to the king four sralps to show tliey were an over-match for their enemies. and foureagle's- tails as einhlems of victory. They all received niueli attention while in Kngland, but after tlie depaiture of the In when tia\clliiig in the disguisi' of a be^uar. King of the Courts, The. Cicero thus calls l.luiiitiis llorlciisius, the Koinaii ciMlor. King of the English Poets. Soiithcv, in his review of Will- iam Ilayley's Memoirs (in filu'l- wood xvii.), states that in liis time Hayley was King of tlie English I'oets. King of the Fairies, The. So Sir Walter Scott called Thomas Crofton Croker, the author of Fairii Lcf/ouds of the Smith of InUind, and a man of diminutive stature. King of the Isle of Man. A title which Anthony Bek, Bishop of Durham, took upon himstdf. I'id. JS'otf'S and (Jtn ricn (Isl ser. i. 173). King of the King, The. A niclc- nanie gi\en to Cardinal Kiclie- lieu, on account of his intluence over Louis XIII. King of the Lobby. A sobri- (juet given to Sam Ward. Vid. I'erlev Poore's lirininiscences (ii. 247) : So powerful a Icfri-hitivc manipula- tor was .Mr. Ward that he claimed for hiinsflf the title " I\iiig of tlie I.obhv," nor was his claim seriously (lis)mted. King of the Markets, The. A nickname bestowed upon Fran- Vois de Vendome Beaufort, the grandson of Henri IV., on ac- count of his jxipularily with tlitj I'arisians. King of the Paper Stage. The. A nickname gi\in to Robert (Jreeiie, the Knglish dramatist, of whom Harvey, in his Fciin- Littirs and d rtaiin: Svnints (London, l.')li'_'), says: While 1 \va- Ihiivor to like elVecte, re.-oiviii.i: with iii> -( ItC and di-cdurs- iii;; Willi Mime "pcciall fnnds; not Diieb writlnj; unlii \iiu; 1 was sud- dainely cerlilied, tliat the kill); of the paper >taj:e ;~o iln- (ieulhnian teamicd (ireenc) ha ""> King of the Teign, The. So r.ahlrick of Soutli Hevoii. the son 'd' 1'a\. who defended bis tenitor\ against the lawless ,'iiiK forward these ar;;uiiieiits about the opposition of gooil and evil, tliev must be told that neither the Aj>ostIe I'aul, nor Mark, o )criAo/i ('ii()ii N'eal Dow. Vi.d. IJuiiijay, Oj]'-llaad Takings (p. LAC 180 LML L. Lackey, A. A nickname fre- quently given to Fran9ois Leclerc du Tremblay. He, being the con- fidant of Kiclielieu, came in for a share of the abuse lavished on his master. In a squib, called La Miliade, directed against the prime minister, we find tlie fol- lowing lines, which are meant to describe Tremblay, or le Pere Joseph, as he is better known : II a le zfele seraphique, II travaille pour I'heretique, II a sulvaiit et secretaire, II a carrosse, il a cautere, II a des laquais insolents Qui jurent mieux que ceux des grands. Lady, The. A name which Mil- ton received at Christ's College. Vid. Masson's Life of Milton (i. 220). " He was so fair," says Au- brey, "that they called him ' tlie Lady of Christ's Coll.'"; and Wood says, " When he was a student in Cambridge, he was so fair and clear that many called him ' the Lady of Christ's Col- lege.' " Lady Betty Modish. So Mrs. Oldfield is called in The Tatlcr (No. 10), because this character in The Carelesft Husband, by Col- ley Cibber, was her favorite part. Lady Calantha, in Lady Caroline Lamb's novel Glcnarron, repre- sents the author herself. Lady Grace, in Colley Gibber's play TJie Pror^oked IfuKhand, was drawn from Lady Betty Ce- cil, afterwards Lady Elizabeth Chaplin, of Exeter. Lady Monteag-le, in Beacons- field's novel Vcnetia, represents Lady Caroline I^amb. Lady of Mercy, Our. A nick- name given to Madame Tallien, who used her influence over her husband, the proconsul of Bor- deaux, to release many victims from the scaffold during the French Revolution. "When she was thrown into prison, this bold and courageous woman thought more of overthrowing the tyrants of France, than of being herself overthrown, and when Tallien visited the prison, she urged him to rid the world of Robespierre, and lier arguments prevailed. After that she was almost idol- ized by tlie people of France, and, when she entered tlie theatres, was greeted with unbounded ap- plause. Lady of Quality, The, in Tobias Smollett's novel of The Adven- tures of Perer/rine Pickle, was the notorious Lady Vane, " whose scandalous memoirs are intro- duced after the manner of simi- lar interpolations by Le Sage and Fielding." Lady of the Sun, The. A name given to Alice Ferrers, the mis- tress of Edward III. " Although Edward lavished upon her both honors and riches, yet at his death she stole his jewels, taking even the rings from his fingers." Lselius. A character drawn to represent James Boswell, called the younger, to distinguish him from his father, the biographer of Johnson. From an early age he was intimate with P^dinund iNIalone, whom he assisted in collecting and arranging the ma- terials for a second edition of his Shakespeare, and was recpiested by him, in his last illness, to com- plete it, a task which he duly performed, and in 1821 published it as the third variorum edition. LAF 181 LAN The name Laelius was given him in I) i b d i n ' 8 Bibliof/raphical JJccamcron (iii. 13), where the au- thor says of him : The book world tliiTcfore is natu- rally now imxious to l)f('(>in(' ac- (jiiaiiitcd Willi the Sliakcspcarian loll' which .Marcfllus hath left be- hind; nor will it bf disappointed; for I^.Tlius liath loiijf and succcss- fiilly bffii occnpicd in presenting tl't' Curte I'dMi'riiiriH (or linisliin;^ touches) of the critic in question. Vid. Makcki.i.is. La Fontaine of the Vaudeville, The. diaries l-'raiii/nis I'aiianl Vi'l. Thk. Fathkk ok Modern Fi:F;.\(n SoNii. Laird of Lag. The. .\ sol)rifiuet applicil tco\ery at Anial]ilii in \\'<~ . was called. Lancashire Hogartli, Tlie. A name sometimes L;i\eii to .Fobn Collier, of wlioni William E. A. Axon sa\s, in liis Lnui-nshire At one time it was <'onunoii to Ppeak of .l.iliii Cnlliev (TiMi Hobbin) us llie l.anraOiire llo-arlli. No niori' in.ipprepriaie il,-i_' nation could iKHe been -,|e,Iei|. lie laeke.l not ..nU llie ai;l-iic -kill of llo-aiin, '.: \'.\a\ luor.il indi-iiaiioM ulacli made the pencil more powerful than the i)reacher's voice in denouncing ginund folly. Collier rarely deviuteij iuto moral purpose. Landlord, The. A cliaracter in Longfidlow's Tides io, liis holiness dryly adileii "No one nowadays wriies like that jfreat poet." Never was this to be erased from ineiiiorv; the >tilled re>entiiieiit of .Monti velieineiitly broke forth at the nionieiit the French can led otf I'iu- VI. from Home. Tht n the loiiji indi;riiant secretary i>oured forth an invective more severe " ajrain-t the (xreat harlot " than was ever traced bv a Protestant pen Monti now invoked tlie rock of .'Sardinia; the poet bade it th from its b;i-e, that the laM of iiioii>lers nii-ht iiot lind eM-n a tomb to ..li.lter him. Last of the Fathers. The. A title liisiowed on ."^t. P.eriiard, AhlHd of Clairvaux. The school- men wlin sui'ci ((led him tre.iled their sulijicts >> stematically. Last of the Goth.s, The. -V title ^iveii to l;(>(lrrick, the tliirly-fiiiirlli and last of the \'isi^oiliic kinus. who was routed at tlie h ittle of Ciiadalete. near Xeres lie la l"i oiu M a . .Inly 17. .\. I>. 71 1. South. 'v hasic'ordecl hi-~ adventures in an epic |>ocm in t \viiity-li\ e hooks. Last of the Gf^ek^. Thf-. So riiilopoi men of .\.rc.idi,i is called. lie endeavored to make soldiers of his countrymen and to ('stahlish their independence. Last of the Knights, The. A sohri(iuet Conferred on Maximil- ian I., Emperor of Germany. Last of the Platonists, The. An epithet frei|uently given to John Seotus Eriuena. He dis- played a wonderful amount of information for the times in which he lived, and he tried to wed (Christianity with the ripest of ancient pliilosoidiies. Last of the Puritans, The. So Edward Everett, in l.VJ."), called Samuel Adams. Last of the Romans, The. Various personages lia\e heeu invested with this title, riz : Cains Cassius Longinus, so called hy Urulus. rrocojdus calls .Ktius, who defeated Attila near Clialon in 4.")!, hy this name. It has also been hestowed on the .lesuit Francois ,Ii seph Terasse Deshillons. on account of the purity of his Latin; on i;ien/i, hy ' I'yron, in ('hilde lliimld (I'V. (-xiv.); and on Charh s J.iiiie- Kox. \'fl. also Ul.Tl.MUS lt(JM.\NO- l:iM. Last of the Saxons. The. A name uiven to ilaiol.l. conquered hy William, the Duke of Nor- ni.iiidy, in liMi*!. Last of the Stuarts, The. A name uiveii to the second son (if the Pretender. He was horn at Lome, March _'), 17'_'."i, was hapti/.ed under the name of ILiiry I!eiiedi(t M ira t hin. ii.-. and dieil tht re in isoT. Last of the Tribunes. The. So Col. I di Kien/i is calhtl. lie as^miied the title of Trilmiie of Ijlieily. |>e.i.f, and Justice." Last of the Troubaciours, The. A sohrii|Uet colli' 11. d .111 .la. .iiies .TaMiiiii .'f Gas.-.'iiy, a c. lehr.Ued |,at..i- p...t. Last True Bard of Ireland, The. An epithet given to Tur- LAU 184 LEA loch O'Carolan, a celebrated blind Irisli bard. Bernard Bayle, in bis Life of Samuel Lover (i- 9(5), says: He must be regarded as the last true bard of Ireland, in his union of the fourfold avocation of his race poet, composer, harper, and singer. Welcome alike to hall and cottage, he spent his days in clieering their inmates with his love-songs and his planxties, and doubtless did so all the more in being himself the hap- piest harper who was ever repaid the loss of sight by the felicities of sound. Laughing' Philosopher, The. A name given to Democritus of Abdera, " who viewed with supreme contempt the feeble powers of man." Laura. So Gilford, in The Mse- riad (line 39), calls Mrs. Mary Robinson, who bad written under this name in The Florence Miscellany. Laureate Gabriel. An epithet fiven to Gabriel Harvey by liomas Nash, in his Strange Neices of the /nterreptinf/ of Cer- taine Letters (Loudon, 1592). Laurelled Bard, A. So Thomas Cook, in his Battle of the Poets, calls Laurence Eusden, once poet-laureate. Lavengro. This character, in the novel of the sanie name by George Borrow, is intended for the author liiuiself. Law-Giver, The. A nickname given to Soleynian II., the grt-at- est of the Tiu-kish sultans. He was called Cam:>"i, under which name he is celebrated in Turkish annals. He is known to Chris- tians as The Conqueror. He established order in his empire, and governed during his long reign with no less authority than wisdom. In his Canun-Xame, a book of regulations, he divided his dominions into several dis- tricts with great accuracy. Ho appointed the number of soldiers which each district sliould fur- nish, and appropriated certain portions of each district for their maintenance. He regulated everytliing to discipline, directed how his armj' sliould be armed, and the nature of the service of each man. He put the finances of his empire into an orderly train of administration : ami, though the taxes in the Turkish dominions, as well as other des- potic monarchies in the East, are tar from being considerable, he supplied that defect by an atten- tive and severe economy. Law-Giver, The. A nickname Sdmetimes given to Frederick II. of Germany, because his far- seeing wisdom seemed to antici- pate some of those views of equal justice, of the advantages of connnerce, of the cultivation of the arts of peace, beyond all the toleration of adverse religions, which even in a more (kitiful son of the Church would doubt- less have seemed godless indif- ference. Law-Giver of Parnassus, The. A nickname given to Nicolas Boileau-Desi)reaux, a satirist, but one whose pen had no malice. In his L'Art Pce'/ique he laid down rubs for almost every species of poetry, in a clear and methodical manner. Law's Expounder, The. So Lord Byron, in J)on .Juan (I. XV.), calls Sir Samuel liomilly. Law^rence Boythorne, in Charles Dickens' novel of Bhak House, is intended for Walter Savage Landor, tlie poet, and the portrait corresponds with the original to a remarkable degree. Lay-Bishop, The. So Sir H. Savil, " whose works alone may make a libraric," was styled. Vid. Aubrey's life of Richard Boyle, in the former's Letters. Lazarus. So Dr. Wolcot, in his Epistle to James Jinswcll, calls the latter. Leader of the Modern Phari- sees, The. An ei)itliet conferred LEA 185 LEG on Benedetto Gaetano, Pope Bon- iface VIII., by Dante, Inferno (xxvii. H5), who says : The Loader of the modern Pharisees Having a war near unto Lateran, And not with Saracens nor witli the Jews (For eaoti one of his enemies was Clirislian, And none of them Iiad been to con- quer Acre, Nor niercliandizing in tiie Sultan's Land). Lean Jimmy Jones. A nirk- iiamo j^ivcii to Senator James C Jones of Toiuiessco. Vid. I'er- Icy I'oore's lii-iiiiiiisri-iicei< (i.4ti7). Lean Man, The, wlio occurs in Tlir ClKililrf MS. (iv. H), is intoniled for Tatrick Neill, a iiriiitcr natu- ralist, " wliicli hath his dwclliii}; by the ;:;rt'at jiool to the north of the New City." Learned, The. So('oh)nian, Kin^ (if Jluniciiry in the twelfth cen- tury, was railed. I)r. .lulin (Jill, tlie author of the AV/'n,s,7/,,/, / thr liiblr, and of wiioMi llorne said that '" in Itabliinical litorature he had no e(iual." was known as "Th(j learn. (1 Dr. dill." Learned Attila. A. .V nirknamo fiiven to yaniucl .lohnsmi. rcake, in his .U- iiK'ir^ nf i/i'- (^d- liKiii Fdinihi (i..">;'4), says; After this rude rehuirfniin tlie Doc- tor, I had tlie additional IVlicify to be [ilaced ni'Xt to liini at diiini r ; lie wa- silent over his infill, Imt I - Hires, yet the doiiiiiiion wliicli he u-ur|ieil wilhiil, rendered hi- pres- ence a iilieiiiiiiieniiu anionj.' geiille mill ; it wa- the incursion of a new -jiecies (,f biirbarian, a learned At- tila. Kin^' iif Iliiiis, come to .-ubju. (.'ate pnli-hed -ocjety. Learned Blacksmith, The. A sidiri(|uet iK'stiiwid on I'liliu I!ur- ritt. the Aiiiirican autlmr and liimuist, whobe};an iiis life at the tor-e. Learned Cabbage-Eater, The. A name <;iven to Josej)h llitson, the anticiuary, who was a vejje- tarian. Lockhart, in his Life of .Sir Walter Scott, states: " On their return to the cottage, Scott in(|uired for the learned cabbage- eater, who had been expected to din- ner. " Indeed," answered his wife, " you may be happv he is not here; he is very disagreealile. Mr. I>eyden, I believe, frightened him away." Learned Friend of Abchurch- lane. So Pope, in a poem ad- dressed 7') Mr. J>i/ni Moore, in- ventor of the riO bnitnl Worm I'oviU r, calls that personage. Learned Knight, The. So Wood, in his Athi-n;i: (Jxoiiiiii.^is^, stylos Thomas Klvot, author of The tiorernor (X'x'A). Learned Painter, The. A title given to C'iiarles Lelirun, on ac- count of the great accuracy of liis costumes. Learned Selden, The. So De- foe calls -lohn Sclilen. Vid. Notes iiii'l (,>"('//*.< (1st ser. ii. .Hit")). .Milton, in the scM'ond edi- tion of his treatise on divorce, speaks of "that noble volume written by our learned Selden," referring tt) the lattei"s treatise )Vi',s, says: He was tlie Leonidas of the days whicli were honored with liis thrice- glorious existence, for he too stood lirm in tlievan of liberty, and fought with all the earnestness and invinci- bility of Hellenic worthiness. The Catllolic Emancipation Bill was his Therniopyhe. Leonidas Wedell. So Freder- ick the CJreat called General C. H. ^^'edell, a Prussian ofHcer, on account of his heroic defence of the Piver lOlbe, at Teinitz, in November, 1744. Leontes. A name under whicli James Bindley, an English bonk- collectdr, figures in Dibdin's Bib- liohiunia or Look-Madiifss, and in the same author's /iibliof/raph- ical Llecanicron. He did much to assist literary men, in suggest- ing useful emendations, adding explanatory notes, loaning his valuable books, and reading proof-sheets for them, but he himself published only one book. Dibdin says of liim (iii. 20): Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart are the iiauie and virtues of Leontes! That e.xcellent and venerable character yet lives ; lives in the increased estimation of his long-tried friends, and in the very plenitude and zenith of hibliomani- acal reputation. Can luiman felicity go beyond this ^ Kicli in good works, as well as in good books. Leper, The. A sobriquet con- ferred on Amalrich, Earl of Flanders, and father of Baldwin IV. Vid. Handsome-Bkard. Lepidtis. A name under which the Kev. Dr. Isaac Gosset figures in Dibdin's Bibliomania. He was a bibliomaniac, and his library was rather select than nu- merous. In grammars, classics, and theology lie was justly proud of its strength. His books were bound in wliite vellum, on which account he was called ^Iilk- White Gosset (q.v.). As a book- collector he was well known for his extensive itnd sfilid informa- tion, which he was always ready to impart, and very often at- tended the book-auctions on be- half of Ills friends. I)il>din, in the above work, thus introduces him : You observe, my friends, yonder active and keeji-visagcd gentleinan? 'Tis Lepidus. hike Magliabccclii, content witli frugal fare and frugal clothing, and preferring the riclies of the hbrarv to fliose of hon^e-furni- ture, he is insatiable in his biblioma- niacal appetites. Long experience has made him sage, and it is not, tlierefcjre, without just reason that his opinions are courted and consid- ered as almost oracular lustly respectable as are liis scliolarsliip and good-sense, he is not wliat you may call a fashionable collector, for old chronicle-; and romances are most rigidly discarded from his library. Lesser, The. St. James was so called to distinguisii him from the other saint of the same name. He is reiircscntiMl with a fuller's club, in allusion to the instru- LET 187 LIG mcnt by which he was put to death. Letter'd Polypheme, Our. So Ohiircliill, in liisi)oem The Ghost (ii. 2:50), calls Dr. Saimiol John- son. LeucophsBus. So Nichols, in his lUiistnitiiDis of thp. Litcniry llis- t'lrij of thf Kiijhleentli Centuri/ (iii. 718), calls Dr. John IJrown, author of an A'.ssay on Cluirac- O'l-i.stirs. Leveller in Poetry, The. So IJryden, in his Kxsui/ a/ Dru- matic Foi'sy (London, l(i]li('(l to Sir Uohcrt Walpolr, in tlu! time of (ieor<;(! II. Vi'l. Wilkins, I'oUtirul lS'use. I'iil. 'I'o.M Fill. III. Leviathan of Literature, The. An ep thet frecmently applied to Dr. .Samuel .lohusun. Lewis Baboon, in Arhutlinofs llistnrii of .h.1,11 l;,ill. represents l\iii;,' Louis \I\'. of !' ranee. " I'liilip i!ahn,.ii," ill the same work, is intended for I'liilip. Duke of .Anjoii, the ,1,'randson of the fMriinT monarcli. Viil. also John r.ri.i.. Liar Taylor. A nickname iriven to the Chevalier .(ohn 'I'ayh.r, an oculist, " frum a romancin;; ac- count of liis life and ad\enlurc3 whicli he puhlished." Conf. Sala, William llo'/arih (p. 244). Liberator, The. So the Peru- vians call Simon I'olivar, who estahlLslied the independence of Peru in 182.';. Dani(d O'Connell is also thus named, for his endeavors in he- half of Irelaiul. Liberator of Missouri, The. A title assumed by General (4ideon .Johnson I'illow. \'id. Lossing, l'i<'ti^tonjoflhi; Ciril War (ii. ',-). Liberator of the World, The. A soliriquet omferrcd on IJenja- min Franklin. Libni, in Samuel Porda^e's satiri- cal ]ioem A'iarid and llushai, is intended for Titus Oates, A Levite who had Uualite turn'd, and liiiii One of the order of the Clu'inariin. Light-Horse Harry. (Jejieral Jlonry Lee is pojiularly so called, on account of his achievements as a cavalry conimaiuler during the Anu>rican revolutionary war. Light of the Age, The. The sobriquet confcircil on the llabbi Moses ben >Liiinon of Cordova. Lig-ht of the Town, The. A iii( kname bestowiMl upon Titus Oates. Vi.l. Wilkins, I\>Uti<:nh (i. -JOT). Light of the World, The. An appellation i;iven to Siuisnnind, Kiiiu'of 1 1 iinuary ami ( leriiianv. ] le was \\cll ed neat 1-1 1, could con- verse in six lanL:uatr''S. jiossessed a larLTc intolliLCcnce, was quiid< at rcjiartee, had riaiiai'kab!(> politi- cal talents, and bis frankness was winninu:. but be marred bis juipu- larityand usefulness liy bis self- ishness and a\ariee. His want of deterniinat ion. bis iMi|ietu- osity and ind eisieii. icMit r.ili/ed his well-nieaiiin.: < lub a\ ors after peace and tbe ini p; ca inient id tlie kiiiud'ini. II is reii^n clid not acconipli-.|i any uieat f^ond to ( iermany. Lightning. Ilamilcar of Car- lha;:e. Vid. li.viu.v. LIG 188 LIO Ligurian Sag'e, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according to an- cient authors, was born at Vola- terrae, in Etruria, but modern writers conclude tliat he was a native of Lun;c Portus in Ligu- ria, from the following lines {Sat. vi. ()), which seem to indicate his birtliplace : Milii nunc Ligiis era Intepet, hybernatque meum mare, qua latus ingens Dant scopuU, et multa littus se valle receptat. LunsB portum est opcrse cognoscere, elves. Gifford, in The Mseviad (lines 313-316), refers to him as fol- lows: Together we explored the stoic page Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage ! Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road, And trembled at the lashes he be- stow'd. The allusion in the first two lines is his being a pupil of Cornutusthe Stoic, and his death taking ])lace before he had com- pleted his twenty-eighth year. By " the Aquinian " Juvenal is im- plied. Lili, who occurs in Goethe's auto- biography, was Anna Elizabeth Schonemann, the daughter of a rich banker of Frankfort. Llllo Among Painters, A. This name is sometimes given to Will- iam Hogarth, on account of the moral tendency of his works, and his vigorous style. Of him Sir James Mackintosh says : I do not tluiik it quite justice to say he was a great comic genius. It is more true that he was a great mas- ter of the tragedy and comedy of low life. His pictures have terrific and pathetic circumstances and even scenes; he was a Lillo as well as a Fielding. His sphere was English low life, was contracted indeed com- pared to that of Sliak/lra,uus Urban, calls Sir William Chambers, the ar- chitect. Limosin Scholar, The. Under this name Helisane de Crenne figures in Ilabelais' Fantagruel (book ii. chap. vi.). She Pin- darizes, as the French say, that is, affects to speak hard words, or a new, quaint language. It was, in fact, a pedantic jargon, con- sisting of Latin words with French terminations, and was a parody on the new French sought to be introduced by lion- sard and his friends. Limping- Old Bard, That. So Dryden called Sir John Denham, the author of The Sitphij. Lindsay, in Arthur Hugh Clough's poem of the Bothie of Tober- na-Vnolich, is intended for F. R. Johnson of Christ Cliurch. Linguist Jones. A nickname given to Sir William Jones, who was acquainted with many lan- guages. Linnaeus of Hogarth, The. A nickname given to John Ireland, because he classilied and ar- ranged the scattered works of Hogarth. Lion, The. The following per- sonages are designated by this sobriquet : Alep Arslan, called The Val- iant Lion (7. v.). Ali, called Thk Lion of God and The Ruggkd Lion (7. v.). Ali Pasha, called The Lion of Janina (7. r.). Damelowicz, Prince of Halicz, who founded Lcmberg in 12.59. Henry X., Duke of Saxony. At one time his fortunes were at so low an ebb that he was forced LIO 189 LIT to live in England, at the court of his father-in-law, Henry II. By good luck and good guiding ho regained his possessions. lie was hrave, generous, of indefat- igahle activity, obstinate and passionate; hut what raised him ahove the other princes of his time was his eiTorts to advance the commerce, industry, and com- fort of liis i>eoi>le, and to en- courage literature and science. Lf)uis \'III. of France, who was horn under the sign of Leo. Otto I. of (Jermaiiy, on ac- count of his undaunted courage and gn-atiiess of mind. He was brave and generous, and, like a lion, would not liarm tiie pros- trate. Michard I., called ('(Kih i>e Lion ('/. '.), for liis hraverj'. William of Scotland. Williiiiii, King of Scotland, liaviiig clio'^cn for liis armorial bearing a Ucd Lion riimpaitt, aciiuircd ilic name iill constitutes the urni of >(oilan(l. .Scott, Tales of a (iniiidfiillur (iv.). Lion, The, in Dryden's y)oem of Tin Hind (iml I'mithir, is in- temled for King dames II. Lion-Hearted. The. Kidiard I. \'ul. ('), is evidently intended as a portrait of the author himself. Lippo, II, )'. '.. TUK r>I,KAR-EvEO, is a sobricpiet conferred ou the Italian poet Aurelius IJrando- lini. Lipsian Dicke. .V nickname given to Kichard Harvey by Nash, in his ifiirc irii/t iinn to SiiiJ'niii W'd/ili n, where he says : Therefor*' I.iiisian Dicki-, because bunelv anil luhlierly hee slrives to iinitaii- ami hi- amitlier Knt'lisli l,ip-ius, when his li|i|,i-s luiii}: so in his lif.'ht as hi-e canmil never come mere him. Lisideius, in Dryden's l\. fiii-nd the Head of the Press; a ieclmical jiair tit to till up any lady's lilirary. The first was secretar'.- to Uasselas, I'riiice of Abyssinia, but, turning out both an Idler and a Rambler, and giving False Alarms to the citv bv which he frightened into tits tlie (,!ueeii of Irene, he w:i> immediately ordered to be S(]!d bv jmblic auction. His companion wa- thought to be a Good-natured .Man, till he injured a Vicar of Wakefield, deluding the poor priest with a False Prospect of .Society : since wliich he has crawled among the ruins of a Di'serted Vil- lage, and employed his time in cas- trating the Roman History. These are the Literary Castor and Pollux; the benevolent, celebrious, conviv- ial associates, the incomprehensible Holofernes and the impenetrable Goodman Dull. Vid. Sir Charles Easy. Literary Colossus, The. A title given to Dr. Samuel John- son. Literary Machiavel, A. A name given to Joseph Addison, who bestowed great encomiums on Pope's Iliad, and yet had composed a translation himself, which be had published as a rival of Pope's. Literary Pollux, The. A nick- name given to (Jliver Gold- smith in a newspaiier squib. Vid. TnK LiTERAiiY Castor. Literary Proteus, A. A name given to Sir Joiiii Hill, who had more enemies than friends, had reasons for all his blunders, and who, after his many literary quarrels, survived liis literary character, and wrote himself down to so low a degree that whenever lie bad a work for publication his employers stipu- lated, in their contracts, that the attthor's name should be con- cealed. Literary Revolutionist, A. A name gi\eii to IJishop Warbur- ttiii by Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, who s'ays : Warburton was a Literary Revolu- tionist, who, to maintain a new order of things, exerci-ed all the desjjotisin of a jierpetua! dictator. The bdhi, unblushing energy which could lay down the most extravagant positions was maintained by a tierce dognuitic s])irit, and by a peculiar style of monlarious contempt and intolerant insolence, beating down his oi>|)(>nents t'l'om all tich as iiijjeniiity, upper-form leandn;;, and a vivacious s|iirit of research and of expression. These were all arranj^ed in i)reci>e order (like the curls of the said l)eriii|ue), and were obedient at a moment's call. . . . He was indeed a sort of Literary Sir I'lnme; aniii terms liiiuself in thcileil- icatioii preli.\t'd to his Siirdmiii- p.dnx. Literary Whale, Our. So Dr. Wolrot. ill his Ei.isll.- In ./, ,,,s- /-'".swri (7, calls Dr. S.tiiiuel .liihu- soii. Little, The. A iiirktiaiue L;i\rii 111 1 >ii'ii> sins (I'Lximms), a liuiiiau monk, who flourished in the sixth century, and conipileil a collection of decretals or letters of tliurleii;h. Little Blue-Cloak, The. Atiick- namf> j^iven to Kdine Cliamiiion, tlie Parisian philautlirotiist. He had sutTered jirivation in liis youth, but afterwards became rich, and in 1817 sold his stock ill trade, liaviiif,' luid a jewelry estahlisliiueiit, and comiiieiiccd the second act of his life with an income of (><),()(X) francs. He lived with tlie same economy ho had always practised, and j^ave nearly tiie whole of this sum to the jioor. Duriiij^ the rigorous winter of 182',t-l>0, every morning lie iiiiLiht b(! seen installed on a strcet-e'onier, with cnormnus urns Containing liot wholesome ali- ments, tuid i)iles of clothes. In two iiiimtlis lie bestowed on the indigent l(i,()(K) basins of soup and many garments, coats, trou- sers, shoes, etc. ISiit his liberal- ity is better exemplitied in the less i>roiiiineiit, coiiilurt of tho jireeeiiiiig years. To the poor, as they saw him cnmiiig from tifar. he appeared as a sii^n of liope, and they, in t knowing wlio he was. called him !.< /' tit Mtin- tr,(u-f:!.u. !. , .. 'I'lie Little I'.liie-Cliiak,'" fur it was his habit to wear a short cloak of hliii' cloth fastened til his iiei k by a ilas]), and reaching to the w.iimiiiat ii 'ii :is a eh.valirr of the /.c'/evi . /'//.. ;/- Little Boatman, The. .'-Jo Lord llyroii, in /^'U Juan (iii. KKI), calls William Wordsworth, in LIT 192 LIT allusion to his poem Benjamin the Wuf/oner, etc. Little Boswell of His Day, The. A name given to John Au- brey : Aubrey, the little Boswell of his day, has recorded another literary peculiarity, wliich some authors do not sufficiently use. Disraeli, ^(tar- rels of Authors. Little Comedy. A name given to Miss Catharine Horneck, after- ward 31rs. Buubury, a friend of Oliver Goldsmith. She was in- telligent, of a mirthful disjiosi- tion^ and withal very beautiful. Vid. The Jessamy Brii>e. Little Corporal, The. A nick- name given to Napoleon Bona- parte, on account of his low stat- ure and great courage. It was first used after the battle of Lodi, in 179(1. Little David. A naine given to John Felton, executed in 1G28, for the assassination of tlie Duke of Buckingham. Of this Dis- raeli, in his Curiosities of Litera- ture, says : The passage of Felton to London, after the assassination, seemed a triumph. Now pitied, and now blessed, mothers held up their chil- dren to behold the savior of the country; and an old woman ex- claimed, " God bless thee, little Da- vid." Felton was nearly sainted be- fore he reached the metropolis. ViiJ. also INIasson, Life of Mil- ton (i. 148-150). Little David, Our. So Dr. Wol- cot, in his poem Expostaluiion, calls Ilaiinali More. Little Davy. David Garrick is referred to by tliis name in Sala's William Jlofjarth (p. 2lie(l toliiin by Sainte- Beuve, in his Causeries du Lun- LIT 193 LIT di : Abb^ Galiani, where ho says : This little Machiavclli, who afTi'ctod a lack of feeliii;;, who i)oastiMi that he never wej)t in lii> life, ami that he iiad ceeii with rii|uet applied t" (ien. P. (). 1'. Heau- re-ard. I'e/. Heidley, Li/r 'lposition. The weakness of his body continued throufrh bis life; but the nnldiiess of bis nund jjerhaps endco{)S to (ieiieral Phili[> li. Sh.-ridan. Little Poet, The. A name given to Alexander Oldys. 17'/. Philips, Till (ttruiii Pvettiruin Ain/liiininniiii. Little Preacher. The. A sohri- (|uet hestowi'd on .Samuel de Mareis, the I'roti'Slant contro- versialist. Little Queen, The. So Isahella of \'alois. the wife of Richard 11.. is calle.l, t.cc.msc she was liul eight years of au .It the time (if her ni.irn; 'j:r. ami \\ as left a wiclow live years later. Little Rod Fox, The. .\ title hestMW.ii on .\lr\an( ler 11.. King i.f S.ntlaiid. Little Sculptor, The. A name iimlcr which Louis l''raiii;i>is Rcubillac. a French sculptcr, LIT 194 LOG but for some time a resident of England, appears in Goldsmith's Chinese Letters. Little Sid. So Dryden, in his Essay on Satire (line 208), calls the Hon. Henry Sidney (brother of Algernon Sidney), who be- came Earl of Riunsey in l(i88, and Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the following year. Little Spaniard, The. Jose' Ri- bera. Vid. Spagxoletto. Little Vermin, The. A name given to Arclibishop Laud. Vid. Masson, lAje of Millon (i. 540). Little Villain, The. So Horace Greeley, at various times, dubbed Henry J. Raymond, in the columns of The JVeiv York Trihuiw. Little Whig, The. A nickname bestowed on Anne, Countess of Sunderland, second daughter of the Duke of Marlborough. She lias been described as " ratlier petite in person, and did not disdain the appellation conferred upon her at a time when every- thing bore the ensigns of party of one kind or other." Livery Muse, The. A nick- name given to Robert Dodsley, the Loiulon pul)lisher, author, and editor. At one time he was a servant to a Miss Lowther, and while in her service pub- lished by subscriptii'//7,and which closes with the lines : ,^oll,| tll.Tl of llcistoii, fro to 1m-,1 at Mn..lnul|. And iM-M-r lo-c vour tiea.l, like the I.o^;-! rlieail uf I.dihIdu. London Little-Grace. So the Itev. Thomas r>r\ce, in his poem The L'ri/isO'.r [n'f t/ir Murli/m] . . . (l.").")'.i), t<'rms Eldmund 15on- ner, the I)isho[) of London, who was proverbial for his cru- elty. Long, The. A nickname given to I'hilipiie V. of France. Long-Hair. A nickname given to (Jeiieral (ieorge Custer by the Indians. In a portrait taken in ISti.") he api)ears with lotig hair and a slouch hat. VhL the Life, by Cai)tain Fred- erick Whit taker. Long Harry. A name given Henry Wilkinson, .Jr., one of the M'estmiiister Assembly of July, KilM, to distingtiish him from anotiier person of the same iianu>, called " Dean Harrv," who lived till hi'.K). "Dean Harry "' was also a zealotrs Puri- tan and Parliamentarian; but he was not a member of the .\s.seni- bly. Neal has confoumled the two names. Long Peter. A nickname given to the I'lemish jiainler Peter Aartsen. on account of his ex- traordinary hcMi;ht. Long Scribe. The. Vincent Dowlin;;. the Prilish s|iortsman, was so called, on account of his tall stature. Long Sir Thomas. A sobriquet bestowed on .Sir Thomas Robin- son, on account of his uiK'ommoii height ot stature, in allusion to wliicli the rol!c.wing bapi^y ejd- i;ram was w liiteii : - Ciilike to lioliiii-oii shall l.e my s n 1 i L' , It shall lie wi!t\, and it sha'n't l)f Ic.ii;;. I-"or sdijie curinus anei, is said to be intended for William Lowtlier, Earl of Lonsdale. Lord Fanny, in Pope's Imitation of tlie First Book of Horace, is intended for Lord John Harvey. Vul. Sporls. Lord Ga-wky. So Richard Gren- ville, Lord Tenii)le, was nick- named in the publications of his time. Lord Glenarvon, the hero ol a novel of the same name, written by Lady Caroline Lamb, in ISP!, was drawn to rejiresejit Lord By- ron. Lady Lamb had a wild passion for the poet, which was fatal to her domestic felicity, ruined her character, and aliena- ted her friends. Lord Byron spoke of the novel as a very in- sincere production, and did not return the passion tlie authoress had for him, which was ^p great that she once attempted to com- mit suicide because he slighted her at a ball. Lord Mayor of the Theatric Sky. An epithet apjilied to Leigh Hunt, who, in T/ie Exam- iner, in 1812, was keei)iiig the actors of London in hot water. It was given to him by James and Hf>race Smith, in their Re- jected Addr< ssift. No. X., "John- son's Ghost," winch says: The Jove of tlie modern critical Olympus. Lord Mayor of the theatric sky, lias,p.i' cathedra, asserted that a natural actor looks ujion the audi- ence i)art of the theatre as tlie third side of the chamber he inhaliits. Surely, of the third wall thus fanci- fully 'erected, our actors sliould, by ridicule or reason, be witlilicld from knocking their heads against the stucco. Lord Minimus. A name by which .letirey Hiulsoii. a dwarf, was known. He lii;iues under his own nauu' in Scott's novel Peveril li I'iiiiiliiiiiiiiiiuii, wits fxcciiliil, li> l.etiiiinieiir. ;i scholar of no ^reat merit, luit the work was well reeei\ ((1 Lord Poluflosboio. SoDr. Wol- cot, in ills jiosiscript to the Oi/r ,, the l',iss,.,ns, calls Richard (irosvcnor. Lord Ri lt;rave. Lord Protector of the Com- monwealth, The. .'><) Oliver Croniwell is |)opularly < ailed. Lord Seventy-four. So Ryron, in his poem 'Hh /llms. calis dames Liiwtlier. tir-t Kail of Lonsdale, \vl, Tercd to hiiii.l and man a siiip of se\ enty-fnur ^illis. towards the close of the .\iiieiican War, for the ser\ ice of his I'oiiiitry, at his own expense. Lord Strutt. in Arlmihiiot's I/,s- i..r .,/ .I.J, l:,ill. is iiil.MKlcd for Cii. tries II,, Kiiiu' of Spain, w no. ha \ iiiu' no chili Ireii him--clf, li.ol vctt led t iic monarcjiy upon I'liilip, I)uke of .\niou, who tiunics in ilie s.iiuc work as Riiii.ic l;.\r.c)ti.v . . / .). Lord Sycophant. A character in the old En;;lish play Xu-hudij and Soiiie-budii, written about 15;>i!, drawn to represent Henry Rrookc, better known as Lord (Jobham, the friend of Raleif;h. Lorenzo, in Kdward Youiifi's l)oeiu T/ie C'niijilanit, nr Xiijlit TliDiiijlits, was formerly snp]iosed to be intended for the son of tlie poet. Dr. Johnson, however, points out that in 1741, when the |)oeni was written, " this Lo- renzo, this tinished infidel, this father to whose education vice had for some years jiut the last hanil, was only ei^;ht years old." Lorenzo. A character in Dibdin's Jlihlii'iiiaiiia, diawii to represent Sir Mark >Iasteriiian Sykes, at whose house several chai)ters of the story are laid. Of hiiu the author (p. "JS-'i) says: If it shouhi here be asked, t)y the critical reader, why our society is not described as heiii;; iiiori' con- genial by ttie prexiice of those " wiioni men were horn to |ilease," tlie answer is at once >imi)le and true; Lorenzo wa-^ a haclielor, and his >isters, knowin;; how loii^ and (le^llerate would he our di>(l^>^iou upon hlack-lelter and white-letter, had retreated in the inoruinj: to spend tile day wiih Li-anlo's mother. Lorenzo de Medici of Hung-ary, The. .V nickname -iveii to -Matthias ('or\ inns. Kin^ of 1 Iitn- t;ary, whi> maint. lined four li- brarians at l'"lorence to transcribe books for him, and ua\e constant occupation to tliiit\ ainanuensc's skilled ill the t.ileiit of copyini; and iiaiiiiiiiL;, to furnish books for his library at I'.iid.i. In l.VJi; this lil>rai>' \v.i> largely dc>troyed b\- t he Turks, u 111 hi- .^oli man II., w'hotore tin- liill.|;liu lilt tlie books for their uolij o! ii.iiiuiils, ami left the leavi s lo rot ami d'cay. At present all tli.it i xi-ls of the :;n.iioo \ol\iniis wliich ('.'ivinus b.iil will II lie iliiil .ire ..oil \ol- iiiiies, now in the Iiiiiii-rial Li- brary of N'icmia. I iliilin. in his /;('//'.//''/.///.)/ Ih .nni, r'ui, savs of him: - LOS 198 LUC He devoted very many years of the latter part of liis life to the amassing of an immentie library, at a time wlien printing could scarcely be said to have attained its maturity; and exhausted, both in the architectural decoration of his library and in the embellishments of the books them- selves, almost everything which in- genuity could suggest, and the power of wealth carry into execution. He was the Cosmo or the Lorenzo de Medici of H uiigary, call him by either name you please. Lost Leader, The. So Robert Brownins;, in a iioem of the same name, calls William Words- worth. Lost Mistress, The, in the poem of llie same name, by George Villicrs, Duke of Buckingham, is said to have been the Countess of Shrewsbury, ffir whose sake tlie duke killed her liusband in a duel; the countess, disguised as a page, holding tlie duke's horse during the combat. Lost Star of the House of Judah, The. Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her Fili/rimayes to Enr/lish Shrines (p. 4()0), calls Grace Aguilar by this name. Louisa. A nicl^name given to General Lew Wallace, by the troops under his command. " He was a great favorite for liis fight- ing qualities, and the sokliers adopted that inappropriate name for want of a better." Lovelace of His Time, The. A name given to Louis Francois Armand I)u Plessis de Richelieu, a marshal of France, and one of the most notorious roues and worthless characters in French history. Morley, Voltaire, says : The Duke of Richelieu was the ir- re.-istible Lovelace of his time, and it was deemed an honoi-, an honor to wldrli .Madame dii Chatclet among 80 many otlicrs has a title, to have yiehU'd to his fascinations. Lovely Bessie, The. A nick- name given to Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Sir Nicholas Tlirockmor- ton, and wife of Sir Walter Raleigh. Lovely Georgius, The. A nick- name given by the British sol- diers to George Washington. Moore, in his Son[/f! and Ballads of the Amerieun Revolution (p. 100), mentions a poem entitled Adam's Fall ; the Trip to Cam- bridge (177")), of which the sixth stanza reads : Old Mother Hancock, with a pan All crowded full of butter, Unto the lovely (jeorgius ran, And added to the splutter. Lubin. A nickname given by Boileau-Ues2)r(:aux to Claud Perrault, a Fiench architect, physician, and mechanician, in an Epiijram to a Physician: Yes, I have said, an ^^Cscul'pian .Sot More by Vitruvius than by Galen got. He proved successful in a building way. Who as a doctor always went astray. Yet think not, Lubin, I on you re- flect, Your pardon, Sir, my muse is too correct, A quack you are : but no good ar- chitect. Luc, ?'. e., Luke. A nickname given to Frederick the Great, by Voltaire. Carlyle,in his History of Frederick II., says : 51. de Voltaire had at the Di'lices a big a])e of excessively mischievous turn, who used to throw stones at the passers-by, and sometimes would attack with his teetli frii^nd or foe alike. One day it tlirice bit M. de Voltaire's own leg. He had called it Luc, and in conversation with select friends, as also in letters to such, he sometimes designated the King of Prussia by that name. " He is like my Luc here; bite- wlioever caresses him." . . . Tlif si)i:cful man, in tiuis naming the king, nuant to stigmatize him as the mere ai)e of greater men; as one without any greatness of his own. Lucasta, the heroine of tlie i>oems of Uicliard Loxclace, w;is Lucy Sacheverell. Tlie name is formed from luji casto, i. e.. Chaste Lucy. Lucia, in Churchiirs poem The Apolof/i/ (line V>'S.'>), is meant for Lucy Cooi>er. LUC 199 LYD Lucian of France, The. An ejtithet coiifiTicd on Franc/ois Rabelais, tlu; French wit, because botii Lucian and he have been abused by unli, is said to be intended for T'heodore Hook. Lucullus. A nickname given to Sanmel Bernard, the capitalist. The allusion is to the '' rich fool " of Komi\ Lun. A S()bri(iu("t bestowe/ Mr. I'ope (ITlti), terms the latter. Lusian Scipio, The. Nunio. !';e. h'ssai/ nil M.in (iv. 'J-JO), and TnK T'.mi.i.iAN T Madman (miti). Macedonian, The. A sobriciuet conferred on . Julius I'olya'iiiis, who tlourished in the second oeiitiirv, and was the author of Slrnld'/i iiii(ian to the I'rince de Coiide, ;ind then to tlie i|iieeii. lie h:id often profe>-ionalIy attended on the king, and scMrcelv a man of rMiik fell ill who did not consult him. It is Miid he was very fond of money, iind a declared cliMmpioii of anlimonv, and, through hi~ inthn'iice amongst the great, a de,ide(l lord amongst doctors. - Win /.(inn. V'kL also Di.si ON AM>i;i;s, B.\- His, and TdMks. Macveiii.s Na.so. .\ nicknamo frci|uenily gi^eii to .Macvey Napier I'lV the wits of lU'i'-/,-. u-n,rs M.'vj.r.inr. Mad Anthony. .\ nicknamo given to (ieneral .Anthony W'.iyne. i>n account of his reck- less bravery. MAD 202 M^C Mad Cavalier, The. A sobriquet conferred on Prince Rupert, noted for his intrepid cour- age. Mad Cornarus, The. An epi- thet given to Jolin Cornarus by Fuchsius, his opponent in science. Mad Man. John Calvin, being somewhat prejudiced against Kabelais for his biting jokes, played on his name by the way of anagram, saying: " Kahelae- sius, Rabie Laesus," i. e., "Mad Man." Rabelais immediately returned the compliment in the same kind, saying: "Calvin, Jan Cul," i. e., "Jack Asse." Mad Poet, The. The sobriquet by nhich M 'Donald Clarke, an eccentric American poet, is familiarly known. He adopted the name as a i)seudonym. Natlianiel Lee, who was con- fined for four years in an insane asylum, is likewise called " The Mad Poet." Madame Maunolr, in Henri Rochefort's novel 3i7/c. Bis- 7V(ir<-k, is Madame Edmond Adam, editor of La Konielle Recue. Madame Solidity. A nickname which Louis XIV. jocosely gave to Madame de Maintenon, who was very sedate. Madame Veto. So Marie An- toinette was called. Vld. Mon- sieur ViiTO. Mademoiselle Hortense, the FieiK'li lady's-maid in Charles Dickens' novel of Bleak House, is intended for Mrs. Manning, the murderess. Dickens was present at her trial, and has vividly repreducd Ikt broken English and impatient ges- tures. Madman, The. A nickname given to S(-bastian, King of Port- ugal. His great desire was to equal if not to surpass the ex- plf)its of the Great Alexander. Against the counsel of liis min- isters, he went to Africa to help Muley Hamet against the Moors. In an engagement, where he lost liis life, he dressed in a green armor that he might be more clearly distinguished by friend and foe, and was in the thickest of the tight. The enemy more than once promised to spare his life if he would yield, but he refused. The l^ortuguese refused to believe in his death, and say he will one day reappear, to re- store his country to its former glory. Madman of the North, The. A sobricjuet bestowed on Charles XII. of Sweden. Vid. The Brilliant M.a.dman. Madonilla. Mary Astell, the author of A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Adraneement of their True and Greatest Inter- est, and other works, was ridi- culed by the wits of her day under this nickname. Maecenas, A. A nickname given to Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax, who was es- teemed a patron of poets, and was, as Pope says, Kjiistle to Arhiithnot (ciiaraeter of Bufo). Fed with soft dedication all day lonjr, Horace and he went hand in hand in .sonjr. Swift, in A Lih"l on the Rev. Dr. Delanij, says : Thus Congreve ^pent in writing plays And one poor ofTicc half hi-^ davs: Vv'hile -Alontague, who cluini'd the station To be M.ecenas of the nation. For poets open table ke])!, But ne'er considered where thev slept. Erasmus frequently rails Will- iam Blount. Lord Mouiitjoy, by the same name. MaBcenas and Lucullus of His Island, The. A nickname given to William George Spen- cer Cavendish, sixth Duke of Devonshire, by Emerson, in his Lnr/Ush Trails ; Aristocracy, who says: M^C 203 MAG Even ppprs who are men of worth and public spirit are overtaken and embarrassed by tlieir vast expense. The respectable Duke of Uevonsliire, willing to be the Miucenas and Lu- cullus of bis island, is reported to have said tliat he cannot live at Chatswortb but one month iu the year. Maecenas and Petronius of His Age, The. A nickname fjiveii to Lord Cliestcrtield, of whom Kiissfll, ill liis Library Notes (p. 1!K)). says: Many a faiiious name, it lias been said, has been indebteil for its brij;lit- est lustre to thinjrs wtiii'h were Hung oil as a pasliiiie, or coiniiosed as an irksome iliity, whilst the perform ances upon whifh the author most relied or prided himself have fallen still born or been ne};lfcted by pos- terity Ihus ( liesterlicld, the orator, the statesman, the .Ma'cenas ami retrouius of his ape, and (above all; the lirst viceroy who ventured on justice to Irehnid. i- tloated down to our limes by his familiar Inciters to his son. Maecenas of Book-Lovers, The. .\ iiickiiaiiK' uivcn to .lean (iro- licr. an cmiii nt Fiench patron of litciature, and a man of jireat wealth and lihi'iality. \\'liih;aii amhas-^.ulor to Itonie lie employed the Ahliiscs to ])rint an cdiliun of Tirciiri-. Dnrinu' bis travels he secured from I'.asle, Itume, and Venice the mo.-t precious books that could he purchased, wliich lie hound in a peculiar style. Every hihlioinaniac strives to own copies (d hooks once in his library. Mascenas of Dani.sh Letters. The. A title best. .wed on Kinid lAiieltahbeck. I'/-/. Cisse, l.it- irntiire el' NurUh rn Kunqic (p. Itil). Mreconas of Embryo Players, The. A nicknaiiic j^'iviii to .lohn liardham.of whom I'cake, in his MiiiKiim "f Ihi' Ci'liiiKu Fmiiili/ (i. ltd), says: .lohii llardliMm was foirrick's un- der trcM-unr, and kept a siniir-shiip in l''leet Strett.at tin- -i-n of the IJfd I-ion, where he contri\ cd to gi't into high vogue a particular poudre de tabac, still known as " Hardham'8 Thirty-seven." .steevens, while daily visiting .Johnson in Bolt t;ourt, on the subject of their editorship of the plays of Kngland's Dramatic Bard, never failed to replenish his bo.x at the shop of a man who for years was the butt of his witticisms. Hardhain was the .Mxcenas and ref- eree of numberless embryo players, both male and female, of whom it appears he had recommended one of the latter to Garrick's notice. Maecenas of France, The. A iiicknaine fjiveu to Francis I. of France, because lie was a niuniti- cent jiatron of the arts and learii- injj. Maecenas of His Day, The. A nickname given to (Cardinal Mazarin. Thoiijih h(> was very avaricious and nii;,,. Maeonian Poet, The. So Homer is somitiuies calhd. brc:iuse be is said to have lifcn horn in Ma- onia, in .A^ia M inor. Maeonian Star, The. So Tope, in bis /','.'>"" "ii CrdicisDi (Hik; (il'.'), calls iiomcr. Mag'dalen Smitz. A nickname given to (l.i--|iar .'^iiiit/. a Diitc h p.iiuUr, celcbialrd for bis por- MAG 204 MAI traits of distinguished courte- sans. Magician of the North, The. Joliann Geori^ Hamann. Vid. Magus aus deh Norden. Magnanimous, The. A nick- name given to Alfonso V., King of Naples, Aragon, and Sicily, because on his accession to the throne he destroyed a document containing the names of all the members of the nobility wlio were hostile to liim. Vid. also NoUSHIRWAN. Magnanimous, The. A nick- name given to Philippe II. of France, one of the greatest princes that ever reigned, and by far tlie wisest and most powerful of all the miiiiarclis of France since Charlemagne. Magnano, the tinker in Butler's Iladihras (pt. I. ii. 3ol), repre- sents Simeon AVait. an Indepen- dent preacher. Vid. Trulla. Magnificent, The. The follow- ing personages are thus designa- ted : Chosroes I. of Persia, who flourished in the sixth century. Lorenzo de Medici. Robert, Due de Normandie, sometimes called Le Diable. Soleyman II., Sultan of Tur- key. Magnificent Heber, The. An epithet given to Richard Heber, the celebrated book-collector. The sale of his library, exclusive of his books at Hodnet, lasted 144 days. He also kept a cellar of fine wines. Where dwelleth Heber, the mag niticfiit, whose library and cellar art' so supt'rior to all others in the world. Lockhart, Life of Scott. Magnificent Vestvali, The. A nickname given to Felicita Vest- vali, a celebrated opera-singer, on account of lier beauty and splendid physique (being nearly six feet in height), as well as her contralto voice and tine acting. Magnus. So Byron, in his poem Thoayhts suggested by a College Examination, calls Dr. "William Mansel. Magus aus dem Norden, or The Ma<;ician of the North, was a title assumed by Johann Georg Hamann, the German author. Magus of the Times. The. A nicknam(! given to Edward Ster- ling of the London I'inien, by Garlyle, in his Life of John Ster- ling, who says : His mother, essentially and even professedly Scotch, took to my wife gradually with a most kind maternal relation; his father, a gallant, showy, stirring gentleman, the Magus of the Times, had talk and argument ever ready, was an interesting figure, and more and more took interest in us. Maid of Athens, The, whom By- ron has immortalized, was Teresa Macri, afterwards a Mrs. Black. She died in 187ti, at the age of nearly eighty years. Maid of Bath, The A nickname given to iSIiss Liuley, the vocal- ist, who afterwards became the wife of Richard Brinsley Sheri- dan. Maid of Norway, The. A title given to Margaret, daughter of Eric II., King of Norway, and ISIargaret, daughter of Alex- ander III. of Scotland. Upon the death of the latter, she was acknowledged (^>ue('n of Scot- land, and was betrothed to Ed- ward, son of Edward I., King of England, but she never actu- ally reigned, as she died on her ])assage fmni Norway. Maid of Orleans, The. The sobri(iuet bestowed on Jeanne d'Arc. also called La Pucelle. Vid. Shakespeare, 1 Kinq Henry VL (V. 4). Maid of Saragossa, The. A name given to a heroic girl, named Augustina, who, at the siege of Saragossa by the French in 1S()8, mounted a battery in her lover's place after the latter had been shot. Byron refers to her in his Childe Harold's Pil- grimage. MAI 205 MAN Maiden, The. Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, is .so iiamod. MulcoliM . . . soil of tlif brave and ft'ticrous prince Henry . . . was so ind ami gentle in his disposition tliut he was usually called Malcolm the Maidi 11. .'^ir' Waller ;>cott, Tales of n (irundjathcr (iv.). Maiden Queen, The, is Eliza- betli, Queen oi England, soiiie- tiincs called The Vikgi.v Queen. ]! merely asks whether, at that period, the .Maiden (^ueeii was red painteil on the nose, and white- painted on the cheeks, as her tire- women when, from spleen and wrinkles, she would no loiif^er look in any jrlass were wont to serve her. ('(irli/le Major Sanford, in Mrs. Hannah Foster's novil ( Eliza M/idrtoii, represents the Hon. I'ieriiont Edwards, " a seei)nf I'nrtufial. Malevole. .\ cliaracter in M.irs- ton's play 7V/r Miih-nnh iil, dv.iww to represent Sliakes|ieare. Fejs, ill his .^/nikrsji.iirr and M), says: Whenever relif.'i(.iis ipiestions are addres-ed to M.ilevole, we have to look upon him a-; tin- very tyiie of Shakespeare himself, wlioin .Stars- ton lakes to tak for hi~ .-piiii of innovalioii and " lii> contempt of holy pnlicii- and esi:il)li-ht unilv." .Shake-peare, it ouirlit to he remem bered, had scoiM>'ed lieu .loii-oii under the li-ine of .Malvolio. Mar-- ton, who deilirate> Tin' Mah-.nihiit to .loiison, no doiilit wi-hed lo pha-i' .Jon-ou l>v calljii,:; the chief <-liarac- Icr, uhii'h rcpr( ,-eiit,- Sliakojii-are, .Malevole. Malignant Plant, A. An epi- thet .^ivi'ii III I'hiiip 1\'. of I'lalice. In the slow, s\ slciiiit ii- pursuit of an nhject lie was utterly uithiMit simple and re- iiiorse. lie was not so iiiuili cruel as alt(ii;cthcr obtuse lo liuman snfTering. Never was man or monarch so inteiusely solti.sh: his own jifiwer was his ultimate scojk,'. Dante, I'ur- (jalono (XX. 4;i), says of liiin: I was the root of that malignant plant Whicli overshadows all the Chri.s- tian world. So that good fruit is seldom gath- ered from it. Malleus Arianorum. A sobri- (piet bestowed upon St. Hilary, IJishop of I'oitiers in the fourth century Malleus Hereticorum. So .John Eabcr was called, from the title of one of bis works. Val. M.MJtKL. Malmesbury Philosopher, Our. So John Aubrey, in his Lilfcrs, terms 'IMiomas Jlobbes, " who thouiih but of ]ilebeian extrac- tion, bis renowne has and will {live liri;;btiiess(' to his name ami familie, which hereafter may arise and tiourish in riches, and may justly taUi' it an honour to be of kin to this worthy jierson, so famous for bis learning; both at home ;ind abro.ul." Val. TiiK I'jiii.osornKi! i'V .M.\LMi;s- I5UKY. Man in Black, The. in Oliver ColdMiiitir.s Citr:' n !' tl,. \\:,rl]. and tiie tiuTli will prohahly nc\ . r eiiicru'iis soliilions, bill the l.iboi's of many biiiir the tlnories of MAN 206 MAN others than in establishing ir own speculations. Voltaire, in his Sicrlc de Louis XI V'., pub- lished in 1751, was the first to give form and life to the subject, and he graiiliically describes how this mysterious captive endeav- ored to commune with the outer world. Some time before this, however, popular rumors and wild and romantic stories con- cerning him had been current. This was occasioned by discus- sions among the savants of Paris, concerning the authen- ticity of a work called Memoins Secretes pour servir a I'llistoire de Perse (1745), a book which would hardly have been worth inquiring into had it not been tilled with allusions to the his- tory of France, under supposi- titious names, and a history of a masked prisoner. This work, said by some to have been writ- ten by Voltaire, was followed by a romance of Mouhy, L'lhimme on Masque de Fer, which, bci]]g prohibited, was read with great avidity. The actual facts known con- cerning the ca])tive are few, but ni)on these the wildest conjec- tures ha\ e been built and de- molished, while imagination and the perversion of historical truth have been used by the different writers to ])rove their many hy- potheses. About ll)()2, or a few months after the death of Car- dinal Mazarin, there was brought with the greatest secrecy from the i)rison of Pignerol to the prison on the island of St. ISIar- guerite, off the coast of Provence (both ])iisons being under the goveriinrship of St. ^Nlars), an unknown ])risoner, who on the road wore a mask. This mask was not of iron, as is generally believed, but of black velvet. Stiffened with whalebone, and finished about its lower part with steel sj)rings, which i)er- mittod tlie wearer to eat, drink, and sleej) without difficulty. It covered the whole of his face, and was fastened behind with a padlock, of which the governor kept the key. He was ])laced in an apartment lighted by a single wimlow from tiie north, which pierced a wall four feet thick, and was secured by three iron bars. At the two extremities of the fortress towards the sea sen- tinels were stationed with orders to tire on any vessel that should approach within a certain dis- tance. In 1()1K) St. Mars was promoted to the office of gover- nor of the Bastile in Paris, and charged to take the i)iisoner with him. They travelled in a litter with an escort of .several mounted soldiers, who had orders to init the captive to immediate death should he attempt to make himself known. During the I whole journey St. Mars did not i for a moment lose sight of liis I charge. When obliged to stop I at an inn, care was taken that he j should sit with his back to the j windows, pistols w(re within i easy reach of the govern church of St. I'aul, and registerid under tin- di signation of " .Marcbiali, aged foriy-tive." Iinniediafely afterwards <'verytbiiig that had been used by him was destroyed. His ( lotbes, linen, bed, bedding, and furniture were burned, the jilale melted, the walls of his apartment scraped and white- w.aslied, ilie doors and windows burneil. and tlie lloor taken up. to make sure tliat be bad leit no scrap of jiaper or any relic or mark to tell who he was. Ills b.iim treated with dis- tiiiclicn, bis wenriiig the mask, bi< ii.iiie'. characli T, and crime in tbe eyes of tlie govirnnifUt lieiliL; stuilii'iisis cciici aled, are all l'rM\ c(l beyond aiis doubt, but no account of his life picvii us to bi-^ iitiprisonmi'iit at rignciol has been (lisc(iviTeected to cross the Somme with three accomplices in March, Vu'^, and cavalry pickets were .set to carefully watch the banks of the river, and they succeeded in arresting him. The charge of conspiracy against the life of the king was enough to justify his execution, but it is said the priest who revealed the \Aoi, though he betrayed the secrecy of a confession, insisted on keeping his hands free from blood-guiltiness. To j)ut to death prisoners of this kind was by no means a common practice of the statesmen of tiie time, being in- fluenced by the hope of revela- tions to be extracted from a cap- tive. Why Louis XIV. feared the face of his prisoner being seen was because it was so like his own, and might be used against him, just as Gregory Otre'pief had pretended to be the Tzarevitch Dimitri of Russia seventy years before, and as the face of the Countess of Lamotte was used against Marie Antoi- nette in 1785. To make the name of the prisoner agree with liis theory, lung shows that, death having relieved St. Mars of all responsibility, it is conceivable that he may have so far allowed the veil of secrecy to be with- drawn as to let the name Mar- chiali appear in the deatii regis- ter. He also shows that this De Harmoises was born in Lorraine, and in that province he tinds several families of noble rank known as De Marchel, Mares- chal, or ]\Larcheiiille, who are allied with other families named Armoises, Harmoises, or Her- moises. II. Count Ercole Antoxio Matthioly. This supposed claimant to the Iron ]\Iask was born at Bologna, IfilO, of an old and distiiiguislied family. At the early aije of nineteen he attracted much at- tention by a work on civil and canon law, and shortly after- wards was made a jirofessor in the university of his native place. His talents causcfl him to lie appreciated by Duke Charles III. (le (ionzago of 3Iantua, one of whose secretaries of state he became. After the death of that prince, his son, Charles IV., when he attained his majority, named Matthioly supernumerary senator of Mantua, a dignity to MAN 209 MAN which the titlo of count was at- tached. The prince was a frivo- h)us needy fellow, wiio spent most of his time in ganihlin;; at Venice, wasahvajsin dithculties, and likely to be at the beck of the hij^hest bidder. Matthioly had no patrimony but his wits, and lonjied for an opportunity to nse tlu'm to better his condition. The o])portunity came, and ho seized it. Louis XI \'., already master of the fortress of Pij^nerol, wished to obtain also that of C'asale, the cajiital of Montfer- rat, a dependency on the duchy of Mantua. This would i)la(e I'iedmont at his mercy, ;,Mve him a means and a mot i\e lor inter- ference in Italy, liadiiii; jirobably to French iiredominance, and possildy to lromised tiiat he would take the traitor to a certaii: ]dac(>, where he could meet trades carried him in bis own carriage to the jilacc of melting, where they met the messengei', and also a company of soldiers, who ar- rested the traitor, but they found no papers emanating from Vir- sailles. The capti\e was then threatened wilh torture and death, till tinally be confevM>d that these papers were in the baiKls of bis father at I'.idua, when he was fiuced to write -.x letter, by >iietati"n, asking liis parent touivethi' papers to the i).'arer of the b i:er. Tin' elder Matthioly, wholly iuii.>r:int of the fact that his smuw-is a c.ip- ti\ e and that the b'^arer w a-- in l-'reiieh pa\, ua\e up I he piici. .iis diMMiiiient-. whii'li d" F.-I r.ides Ic'M 11(1 liuie in f.rw ardinu to X'ersaillcs. .\ re|Hiit w as ^].|(Md abro;id tiiat .Matllii.ily had died, the victim (d an aeciilent en- countered on a journey ; in MAN 210 MAN reality, he was carried into a cap- tivity to end only with his death. In the pedigree of his family the date of his death is left blank, his wife shut herself up in a con- vent, his fatlier was silent and submissive to the blow, knowing that any inquiries in regard to his son's fate would be useless, and Charles IV., suspected, if not convicted, of having tried to sell the keys of Italy to Louis XIV., soon forgot in fresh pleas- ures the shame of the enteri)rise. Tlie above theory, sometimes known as that of Baron d'lleiss, has been advocated by many, es- pecially, in English, by H. G. A. Ellis, in his True History of the Iron Mafik (1827), and, in French, by Marius Topin, in \\\sL' llomme au Ma.tqiie de -^'er (Paris, 18(i9) ; but those who support other the- ories doubt it, from two impor- tant as well as several smaller facts. The two former are tliat of all the prisoners at Pignerol under St. Mars, only one had a servant, and that one was Mat- thioly, and the man who had a servant died on the 10th of May, l(i94 ; further, the frequent and open mention of his name in tlie despatches to and from tlie gov- ernment while he was in prison show the little secrecy that was observed in his case, or the slight importance that was attached to him. III. Nicolas Fouquet. This sujjposed wearer of the Iron Mask was born in 1G15 ; at tlie early age of twenty-six he was apjiointed master of recjuests, and at the age of thirty-five he ob- tained the post of procureur-ge- neral to the Parliament of Paris. During the civil war he devoted himself to the interests of Anne of Austria, who called him, in l()5l.', to the ottice of siiperinti-nd- ent of finance. This depart- ment being in the utmost dis- order, he provided the means of meeting the expenses of the state from his own fortune, or by loans obtained upon his own credit. He had the confidence of Mazarin, and was for a time his zealous instrument ; but final- ly they had a quarrel, and before his death the cardinal pointed out to Louis XIV. the faults and follies of Fouquet, in terms which helped to ruin the super- intendent in the mind of the young king. Fouquet, devoted liimself to the seltislmess of J) refusion and ostentation, cor- rupted others for the purpose of obtaining large sums, which he lavished with an extravagant spirit. He squandered the re- sources of the nation and grew enormously rich by the plunder of his countrymen. He spent large sums on his estate of Vaux, which, in extent, magnificence, and splendor of decoration, .sur- passed anything of the kind in Eurojie since the days of Calig- ula or Nero. The king, not- withstanding the warnings of Mazarin, was struck with Fou- quet 's engaging manners, and found even in his prodigal osten- tation something like his own love of false splendor. When Louis XIV. took the govern- ment of his country into his own hands, he sent for the super- intendent, representod to him his extravagance, pointed out the de- ranged condition of the finances, warned hiin that he must cliange his conduct, abandon the unjust proceedings by which he sujqilied means for his expenses, and ameliorate the genera) sys- tem of finance. Ff)U(iuet, believ- ing his position to be founded on a rock, and thinking that the king would not examine the long and dry accounts sent to him each day, only strove to disgust him by comjilicating the accounts and hlliiig them with (errors. Every night, however, Colbert was introduced into the cabinet of the king by a back staircase, and togetlier they went over the reports, and exposed the falla- cies they contained. Again and MAN 211 MAN again Fouriiict was warned with- out iiocdiiiL; tlie warninj^. but coii- tiiuit'il daily to st-nd in accounts in wiiich tlic expi-nses were in- creased and the receipts diniin- islieil, whih' he iiiinself was niak- inj; a parafh' of liis autliority and wealth, and farniiiij^ tlie tax(?s in sucli a niann(;r as to supply him- self with all he wanted. Ilis ostentation displeased the mon- arch, and it is reported that the kin;i was so exasperati'd on one occasicm. when atti'iidinj; a fete at the Chateau of N'aiix, iis to projiose tci arrest the superin- tendent in the midst of the fes- tival, hut lu! was dissuaded hy Anne of Austria. Addrdtothis was the still <;reater otTence, on the ]iart of Kouipiet, that ho was jpursuini; .Mile, (h' la Val- liiire with the same vicious juir- poses as the kini^. Fouipiet owneil the jiort of Belle-Isle, and had <-aused fortilications of a very iuiporiunt kind to he erect- ed tlirri'. .\ ;,^eneral rumor be- gan to (lilTuse itself throuirh the court that he inti'iidt^d, first, to make an etVort to force iiimself ui)ou the kinu'as jirime minister; but, if he slioulcl f;ul and any endeavor he made to arrest him, then to throw liiinsidf into I'.rlle- Isli-, raisi' the standard of rrvolt. Seek uiil from l'',iiLcl:ini come ihi' Warwick or t well of l''ran<'". Fouiiui't hi-ld a iiost ("olhert aspirs'd, and the (Mini. cali'ulatiiiL.'. rlrar. honest ( 'olbert hate(l till' vain. ext!a\ au'ant, graceful, s hcmiiiix, uihI u idr- reachiui,' I'"rn Kurope where a monarch has commuted a gen- tler for a severer ])unishment. The king, moved by the evil passions of his minister, and by some ]irivate resentment of his own, cast away e(piity and mercy and changed the sentence to per- petual imiirisoiiment. He was sent to I'ignerol in hiti."), and contined for several years. To- wards the close of, p;7'-' for the first time sinie his impiisonment, he was allowed to receive two letters each year from his wife, and |iermitted to '_'o out on tlni ramparts. (Irailually the rigor of Louis solt'iied. and in .May, ItiT'.t, the ]ii-isi 111. r's wife was al- lowed to livewilli him and his relatives to \ i-.it him. but his health had lonu been deeliTiiui;. and he ,lie(| Mirrh _::, hlsti. Ilis body w.is taken to Paris and buried in the Chureh of ."^ainte Marie, jjut -iiiee then ihe family \alllt of !''..Ui)Met has been ojiened and no eoliin bearing his name ha- Keen loinnl. r|iontliis fact M. Paul l.a.-roi.x f..uiide- ing on France the terror of a religious persecution against the Huguenots, the sultan in Con- stantinople was extending relig- ious toleration to every Christian sect. The Roman Catholics had their processions with tapers and relics unharmed in the streets, and Avedick, born of a poor and obscure family of Tokat, but greatly loved by his people, was permitted to rule with a liberal sway over several millions of Armenians scattered throughout the East. The Catholics, not satisfied with their own privi- leges, resolved to convert or de- stroy the unoffending Arme- nians. The Jesuits filled the cities and scattered through the country their missionaries: Rome urged on their mischievous labors, and De Ferriol was in- structed by his master, I^ouis XIV., to help the cause. Ave- dick, whose mild and tciniieratc opposition to the conversion of the Armenians was looked upon as an unpardonable ci-inie, was known to have spoken disresjiect- fully of the French king and his jiolicy, and was also the chief olistacle to the sueei-ss of the Jesuits. Their aim was to ruin him. He was repi'esented to The sultan as a dangeious and infa- mous man, untit for power, and they had him imprisoned, but his followers purcliasi'd his liber- ation and restori'd him to his tlirone. ^V more effective ])lun was then proposed: to abiluct the ruler of the Oriental Chris- MAN 213 MAN tians and carry him to the dun- geons of the inciuisition or tlie prisons of France. Louis XI\'., the Jesuits, and tlie iioj)e were all enfja^'ed in this audacious violation of the laws of nations. liy their intri^iues he was sent into exile, and on his way to his jilace of imiirisoinnent they bribed the ollicers who had him in charjie, seized him, and placed liim on a vessel hound for France. No rcfjard was paid to his jirotes- tations or entreaties, hut he was suhjected to cruel iiidiicnities, his efforts to inform his countrymen of his fate were carefully sup- pressed, and he was confined in a duiijxeon at Marseilles, and afterwards placed in a Heiiedic- tine monastery near the shore of Uriitany. As soon as the sultan was aware of the ahdiiction of the ])aiiiarcli, lie ])ut several of liis olticcrs to torture in order to discover what had become of liim : iiut the l''rcnch consul, luit withslaiidiiiii the confessions thus extracted, lied with skill aiul dttcrmination. and he was obliged to limit his elT, ami the Armenians who had joined the church of Komo were tortured or thrown into prison, while the jiolicy of Kiiiiic ended only in u'iNinir ui w viLTor to Armenian itid>'!'eni|eiice. Avediek, alter rem.iiMini,' in lli(> monastery live >iais. \\;.S seeielly removed to In i-e be was placed ^;!..,.in'esl .,f cells. He 1 ;in olijeei of terror to . for I lie -;iiil;in was enn- slaiil'v (binaiidim,' hi-; releatria and i.oui-- .\1\'. .Al the e of the reign of j.ouis .\ I 1 I. he appi ared al llie I.ouvre (that eonrt wliic h was tlien far from bcMiii; I he ni' st |"l:slied in I'lurope) in a manner whieli soon sboeke(le\cn the lea^I si|Ueam- ish. and opposcil the nnst liLiiti- male reipiiienents. His phvsi- cal slrenuih. ex]ire>si\i' features, intemperate anmialiou, violent MAN 214 MAN gestures, habit of always resting liis hands on his hips, the tone of Ills voice, and his moustaches curled up out of bravado, all contributed to give him the most provoking appearance. Without even the education of the middle classes, and wanting suthcientdiscernment to compen- sate by observation for his com- plete ignorance, he would, when talking, mix up in the strangest manner hunting terms, which were familiar to him, with the court exjiros dons whicli he heard used around him, and thus make himself appear ludicrous. In the army, where these defects were less apparent, his reckless courage, disregard of danger, and endurance of excessive fatigue, made ])eople cease to laugh at him. His braverj', manly frank- ness, and probity caused the sol- diers that were with him and the court in Paris to sliut their eyes to his eccentricities, while a por- tion of his former detractors ral- lied around him. Anne of Aus- tria called him " the most honest man in France," and on the death of Louis XIII., fearing that the Due d'Orleans or the Prince de Conde should carry off the Dauphin and reign in his name, she placed the child in his care. At first he was proud of this mark of distinction, but he was enticed into the enter- prises of the Fronde, and then rejoined the queen's party. He had an incapacity for discerning wliat path he ought to jiursue in the midst of contending i)ar- ties, and, while wanting in judg- ment, with no idea of politics, ho b('li(!ved himself called upon to play a great jiart, and tie- lighted to give advice to those who were hading him as they chose. In the end, he succeeded in exercising a gieat influence only over the common i)eoi)le. He spok(; their language, shared their tastes, iulopted their man- ners, and finally consented to live with them in the most pop- ulous quarter of Paris. In the streets lie was followed by them, his light hair and martial bear- ing the women admired, and he did not disdain occasionally to descant to the pojjulace from a post, and sometimes display his strength in street quarrels. On this account he was called The KiNc OF THE Markets. When Colbert had in some degree established the French navy, the king gave Beaufort the otWce of high admiral. In U'A'A he defeated the African corsairs, in 1()G() he aided the Dutch against England, and in Kifii) he was sent to assist the Venetians, who were besieged by the Turks in Candia, when he was killed in a skirmish, and his body was never found. The people doubted his death, and the market-women of Paris were in the habit, for ten years, of having masses said for his return. Upon this fact, upon his having had re])eated (piarrels with the king and Colbert, and upon an idle rei)ort that he was a prisoner in Turkey, was founded the hypothesis that he was the wearer of the Iron Mask. This is answered by the facts that the courts of Paris, Veince, and Home looked upon his death as certain; the improbability that Louis XIV. should cause a man to be arrested aiul imprisoned to whom he had intrusted a few numths ]ireviously the command of his tieet and the direction of a great expedition; the custom of the Turks in beheading tlu^ dead bodies found on a hattle-tield, which would render his recogni- tion doubtful ; and the age of De Beaufort, born in hilii, would make the mysterious corpse buried in 170o a nonagenarian. VI. Louis DK ISouur.oN, Comtb DE Vehmandois. This ])rinee, who lias been put forward as a sohiticni of tlie Man in the Iron Mask, the natural son of Louis XIV. and Mile. de la A^allierc;, was born Oc- MAN 215 MAN tober 2, 1667, and brought up un- der the care of and superintend- ence of Colbert, wlio jireatly ad- mired and esteemed tlie motlier. He inherited his mother's <;race, was tall and well made, and, like her, |)ossessed a natural gift of l)leasing. Jle was liberal and had ways of obliging that were particular to hiniSflf, wliile tlie most Sfnsitiv*; of men c'<)uld not feel offended at his kindnesses. From his father he inherited a proud bearing and an air of su- preme distinction. In the army liis outward cliarms, delicacy, and natural kintlliness attaciied to him his soldiers and olhctMS. To a ready wit he united courage and a desire to merit by S])lendid achievements the high dignity of high admiral, to which he liad been raised early in life by his father. Wliilt! still wvy young, and with the army in Flanders, he concealed a severe; illness in order not to be away from the army on an important occasion. There is, however, reason to be- lieve that be had been led into debauchery and \ice, which gave his mother i,'reat jiaiii, and for which he was forbidden to aj)- pear l)efore the king about the middle of h'^.i. After having been severely reprimanded, both by his mother and the kinir, and liaving seen the coiise(|ueiices likely to ensue from the course he was jiursuin;;, he completely changed his con(lu(;t, and as- sumed a regular course of life, never u'oing out e.\<'ept to church or to the gymnasium. The kiiii,' became loiivinced that he had cast off his evil habits, ])ermitted him to reai)pear at the court , and siiit him to the ;uinv in the neiiilihorhooil .>f Courtray. lie was there sei/eil with a maliu'- nanl fe\cr, and, after seven da\s' illness, (li.-d on th.' I'.itli of No- vember, lti.s:;. It was upon this nnfortunaie prince that jmhlic opinion tirst fixed the solution of theprohlcm. It uasonliimexi- dentlv that the author of tlic apoc- ryphal Me'moires Secretes pour serrir a V Ilitiloire de Per,se (1745) evidently wished to draw the at- tention of the world. In that work it was said that he and the dauphin were of about the same ag(!, and one day in a quarrel ho had boxt'd the ear of the knig's son. For this he was sent to the army, and kei>t by himself by faithful and discreet people, who told the soldiers that he was sick. Then he was secretly carried away and imi)risoned, while a dead body was placed in a cotlin, carried to Arras, and buried with l)ompous obsecpiies. To this theory ther(! are several objec- tions otfered. Vermandois was barely sixteen years of age at the period when he was sui)p()sed to have struck the hin, and at that time the latter was twenty- two, and already tin; father of the Due de Jjourgogne; further- Tiiore, had such a, blow been given by the count to his half- brother, it would hav<; rung through the whole court of France, whereas not one word respecting such an event is to bo found in any contemporary writer When Louis XIN'.lirs't heard of his sickness at Court- ray, he sent t() one of the otHcers to ha\c N'ermandois brought to court at once that greater care could be taken of iiim, but he died, as has since been provt>d, surrounded by the highest otiicers of his army, before the king's letter arriv<'d. It is not probalile that these otiicers were accom- jdices ill any such stratagem as jiropuseil hy the author of the above; Mtiii'iii-' s, and, had they been, his si'Ci'et abduction in the midst of tli<' ti ps would liave been impos^ilile. Louis XI\'. was no! ciuel enough to condemn a beloved son to perpetual im- prisonufnl, and, moreover, he was far too sujier-t it ious to niak(^ a mockery of reliuion, and it would ha\ e been Such had the jiompous obse(piics ordered by the kin_' at the funeral in Arras MAN 216 MAN been held over an empty bier, or a coffin whicli contained any body but that of liis son. The year after his death tlie king made a present to the catliedral church of the Chapter of Arras for the puri)()se of liaving a mass per- formed every year in memory of Vermandois, and that would be simply prolonging an impious derision, and perjietuating the memory of a jirofane fraud, a thing which the fanatic king would not dare, to do. On tlie contrary, we know that the king- greatly lamented liis death, and relieved himself in a flood of tears, and Mile, de Bour- bon, the daughter of De Conde', to whom Vermandc;is was be- trotlied, was inconsolable. The theory that Vermandois was the wearer of the Mask was also con- tended for by R. P. Griffet, in liis Trade des Differvntes Sortes des Pretives qui sercent a e'tablir la Vent duns I'JIistvire (Paris, 1705), but it was soon demolished by others who attemxjted to solve the riddle. VII. Duke of Monmouth. In 1770, Saint-Foix published his Repimse a R. P. Griffet, in whicli he attempted to place Monmouth under the Mask, in place of Vermandois. He found- ed his hypothesis on an anony- mous libel published in Holland, called Amours de Charles II. et de Jacijues II., liois d'A;/le- terre. James, Duke of Mon- mouth, a natural son of Charles II., was born at Kotterdam in 104!). His mother, Lucy Wal- tei's, came to Elngland during the Commonwealth, bringing him with her. She was treated as the king's wife and sent to prison, but was soon allowed to return to France, where she died. Charli s sought out the boy and committed him to the care of Lord (Jrofts, naming him James Crofts. Upon the restoration of Charles to the throne of Eng- land, his son, with the queen- dowager, was lodged at Hampton Court and Whitehall. Honors and riches were heaped upon him, and he was created Duke of Monmouth ; but these were not enough to satisfy his ambitious views. To exclude his uncle, the Duke of York, from the throne, he was continually intriguing with the opposeis of the govern- ment, and was frequently in dis- grace with the king. When James II. ascended tlie throne, the English people saw they had a king who remained a Catholic, in the midst of a nation almost entirely Protestant, and there was a party formed, with Mon- mouth at its h( ad, to overthrow the king and place " King Mon- mouth," as they called him, on the throne. This party was de- feated at Sedgemoor and the leader made prisoner. He ob- tained a ]ersonal interview with King James and begged for his life in vain ; even his prayer for " one day more,"' that he miuht go out of the world like a Chris- tian, was brutally refused, and he was beheaded on Tower Hill, July 15, 1U85. He was highly beloved by the pojjulace, con- stant in his friendships, just in his word, by nature tender, an enemy to severity and cruelty, of a vigorous constitution, excel- ling in all manly exercises in the field, personally brave, a lover of j)omp and the very dangers of war. vain to a degree of folly, versatile in his nuasures. weak in his understanding, ambitious without dignity, and while at- teinjiting to be artful was t)ften foolish. " He look the aj'plause of the multitude as a mark of merit, was a dup(> to his own vanity, and owed all his niisfoi-tunes to that weakness. His humble ad- mirers in the western counties of England, and old men in Dor- setshire were fond of whispering that he would still return to claim the crown, and many old ballads are still extant which predict his return. As late as MAN 217 MAN 1840, tlio inhal)itants of a part of England, when any bill aflcctiiig tlieir interest was before tlie House of Lonls, tliouj^ht tliein- selves entitled to claim the help of the Diike of BiUTleiich, the descendant of Monmouth. Saint-Foix commences liis hy- pothesis just before tlie execu- tion. Ih' admits that an execu- tion took placi', but an officer in >[onmoutb"s army, a man alreaily (/ertain of biinjj con- demned to deat'i, and who closely resembled him. (consented to take the place of tin; Duki! on the scatTold. This having been re- jiorted to a great laily in Lon- don, she gained over those who could open hiscolHn, and, having l(H)ked at his riglit arm, ex- claimed, "All! tliis is not Mon- mouth.'' It is further said that Charles II., in the hour of death, iiiailo James II. promise, and take an oath, that whatever re- bidlion the I)uke of .Monmouth might attempt, he would never l)unish him with death. The night after tiie execution. King James, accompanied by three men, went to the Tower, covered the duke's head with a kind of hood, and took him away with them in a carriage. He was then secretly Conveyed to I^'rance and liLaced under tlie care of St. ]SIars at I'i.;nerol. T!ie motives of Louis .\I\'. in thus secretini; Monmouth were to oliliire his ally. James II., and to have in liis power a Stuart, wiiom he might one h [irince. 'I'lie theory, howesir, IS haseil njion tradition and hearsay. Authentic dcsiiatchcs, signed by Louis XIV. 's ambas- sador, furnish i>roof of the duke's death, and this monarch was informed of all that hajv pened from day to day at the court of England. These de- spatches, jienned by impartial and independent witnesses, in no way indicate that the king of England thought of pardoning the duke, but, on the contrary, show proofs of his iiillexible se- verity. VIII. IIknhy Cro.mwkll. This was the second son of Oliver Cromwell, the great I'rf^- ti'ctor. Jle was born in Ki'J.S, and at the early age of sixteen he was a soldier in the J'arlia- mentary Army. He sat in the I>arehone Parliament as one of the six Irish memliers. In lti.">5, he was sent to Ireland as a ma- jor-general, and was subse- (piently mas- toration of Chari. s II. to tho Eiiijlish throne, the family of Cromwell wa-i placed in a state of ]iainful su-;pi'n>e. Henry, wlio had some syinpatliy for tlu? royalist^, iieaceaiily submitted to the new kiiiLT, tlioii^'li, liad ho becTi inclined to resist, tlie new government would liaM' found it dillicnll to remove him. as he was very popular with linlh tin' Eng- lish and Irish inhabiiants of Ire- land. I'tmiii the lilili- of liis lea\inu' I ! l.ni'l he dcii s iimI ti^'urt! in hi>l"r\, ami. where he lived and w leii le- ili'd U"! hciiiL,' tren- erally kn"\'. ii. it was supposed tliat lie niiuht he the wearer of the Iron Mask. The truth of the matter is that he purcluised MAN 218 MAN an estate at Spinney Abbey, near Sohain in Canibridj;eshire, wbere he spent the remainder of his life, descending from the toil- some grandeur of governing a nation to tlie liumble and hajjpy occupation of husbandry. He died in 1G73. IX. Son of Anxk of Austria AND Buckingham. In Ki'i.^, the L)ulueen of Franco, Anne of Austria, and at once onceived for her the most veheuient passion. She, being a coquett(\ arid having the warm blood of the Spaniards in her veins, tolerated liis ])assions and was tiattend by his homage. Tlie numerous festivities of tlie time iiav(! them freqtu^nt oppor- tunities of seeing one another, and when the duke started with the, future wife of Cliarles I. for England, the queen, witli a great numl)er of lords and ladies, accompanied him as far as Amiens, the king, who was sick, being left at t'ompiegne. Dur- ing this journey I5uckingliani almost constantly deserted his new sovereign in order to bo with ATine as much as possible. One evening they took a walk near the banks of the Somme. Taking advantage of tlie falling nigiit, and a few moments of isolation from the rest of the court, the duke threw himself at tlse feet of the queen, and gave way to the transjiorts of his passion. Anne, alarmed, and perceiving her danger, uttered a loud cry, which drew tlie atten- tion of her ecjuerry, who rushed forward and seized the duke. In the excitement which fol- lowed, the lover managed to get away. Two days later be bade her adieu, and quitted Amiens. Unfavorable winds detained him at Boulogne, and, taking advantage of this, lie re- turned suddenly. Finding the queen sick, he forced himself into her chamber, and,bliiubid by his passion, threw himself on liis knees before her bed, in the presence of several ladies of the court. The queen addressed only reproaches to him : he departed, and was forbidden to again enter France. On his return to Eng- land bis enthusiasm for the French queen was not abated by ])rudential coTisiderations or by delicacy for the feelings and honor of the French king. He wore Anne's portrait, toasted lier at the Whitehall bamiuets, displayed her likeness in most of the cliambers of his princely mansion, nil of which ab(>rra- tions were duly chronicled by the French ambassador in London to the Fr(>nch court, and became the source of endless gloomy jionderings in the mind of Louis XI I r. U])on these events the theory has been constructiMl that the queen gave birth to a child whose father was the Duke of Bucking- bam ; that she was guilty of criminal iiitldelity with the view of beim,' ,\\>\t', on tlii^ death of Louis XEII. (which then seemed threati'ning to sxin nceui'), to reign in tlie naiiK^ of a child whom she could ileclar(! to be the son of her husband. The miexjiected recov(>ry of the king, and the birth, a few years later, of Louis XIV., rendered this unnecessary, and the child was MAN 219 MAN spirited away, to become later the Man in tlie Iron Mask. This, however, could not he, as all the diaries, memoirs, and notes kept hy [)eople then living at the court show that upon all occasions, except for a few moments in the j;arden at Amiens, there was a third person present during the interviews of the Duke of Buckingham and the ((ueen. Some iiave saiil that she had a child in l(i;!0 hy a father tu)w unknown, the fact that ISuckingham was the father having been disproved. The answer that can be given to this assertion will a]>ply also to the foregoing. From the tirst day that (.'arlotting his downfall. Thi' clear-sighted and pitiless minister never on<'e insinuates that she was a guilty s])ouse, yet her reputation for chastity lias never been liruily estab- lished. X. T\viN-I!u(iTiiKU OF Louis XIV. At eleven o'clock on the morniTig of Se]itember .">, lO-'iS, the Daujiliin of France, after- wards Ijouis Xr\'., was born. He, was the son of Louis XHI. and .Viine of Austria. .Vceord- ing to an old custom, there were present at tlie birth not only the greatest personages of the coun- try, but many otjier people. A short time alter, in the very ro- per, tl;e nurse informed him tlmt llie (|U<-en was ahoul to give birth to a second child. There were present at this second birth only a few of the dignitaries of Franc*'. The king nuide all present sign an oath not to di- vulge the birth of the second prince, and told them that death would be the penalty of any one who exposed this state secret. Among the Romans, and in France, in the Middle Ages, as among all modern nations, tlie twin that fii-st enters the world is considered the eldest. A short time before the birth of these princes, two shepherds camt! to Paris and asked to be admitted to the presence of the king. They told him of a vision they had had, in which the fact had been revealed to them that the queen would bear twins, wliose birth would cause a civil war, which would ruin the kingdom. The nurse. Dame INn-nnet, took the second born jiiince into Bur- guiuly, and brought him up at lirst as though he were her own child; but he was thought to be tht confer- ence, lie was an Italian of an agreeable ix'ison, of whom Riche- lieu had said to tlie (jneen, "You will lik(^ him, inadaiue ; he has Ihickingham's maiuier." He had a vigorous constitution, an MAN 221 MAN artful address, was loose in mor- als, and capable of employing every expedient to insinuate liini- self in every portion of tiie royal household. The very name un- der which the prisoner was regis- tered wlien buried, Mdrrhiali, probably fictitious, was Italian, and if an Italian was eitlier his father or the guardian of his in- fancy, it is likely he would r(!- ceive such a name. lie told his physician he was about sixty years of ag<', consequently he must have been born soon after the death of Louis XIII., when Mazarin was prime iiiiiiistcr. He was lirst placed in jirison soon after the death of tlie canliiial, which woulil make him niiutecn years of ai^c. If the (piecii be- camca motlicr during her widow- ho() possession of the tliroiie and of the fatal secret, for his own safety and succt'ss lie was ol)liL:e(l to keep this lialt- brother hidden from the world. The humanity of the king miglit have declined a l)rotlier's mur- der, but his [iride, iiolicy, desire to guard his mother's frailty from the public eye, and even his pa- triotism, must have couiiielled him to keej) the man in the Iron Mask where no one could (|ues- tion liim, and when; it would be impossible for him loilemaiid bis rights or light the linsuf discord in France. XII. S(\ OK TIIK DrCIIKSSK ]lKM;ii:riK i>'Ui:i-kans a.nd Louis XIV. Ilenriette Maria, youngest daughter of Charles I. "of Kiig- lanil, was born at Ivxeter in hUt. She was remo\ cd to London and the!! to I'ra!ioe, where she was eiliicated ill a ciin\e!it. I'jion the Kestoralio!! sh.' was taken In K!ii;lan(i witli her n!other, but returned to Fiance soon after and married Philip, Duke of Anjou, brother of Louis X I V. , aft(!rwards called Duke of Orleans, tlie first of the existii!g branch of the House of Orleans. At the time of her marriage, Anne of Austria was much attached to her, but she was disregarded by the king at first. Her home was ri'moved to Fontainebleau, where she then threw oiT the restraiiits of her youth, and was sudile!!ly trans- formed into a lovely and dig!iitied woman. Tall aiid graceful, with a complexion of tlie most ex- quisite Ixsauty, possessed of a re- fined taste which taught her to ]irolit l)y her personal and ac- quired advai!tages, shi; Ix-caine at once ttu^ pri!!cipal ornainent of the court, and a !!iodel upon which all t]!(! great ladies of the royal circlestrove to fashion both their dresses and deportment. The king adii!ired and bej^an to wo!idcr at her grace, was amused and jileased at her wit, and found a charm in her society which led hi!n somewhat more from that of the (iiieen than was jileasi!!g to the latter or to the queei!-motlier. The duke com- plai!u'd of this att('i!tio!i to his wife by Ids brother, to his mother; the (juei'!! becanie jeal- ous, a!id the attention of the court was drawn to it. Ann(> of Austria lectured her son ui>ou the in!propriety of his conduct, foigetting that he was no lo!iger a youth, but a !iiai! of a strong and commanding miinl. who felt his powi'r a!id eE Gtjiche. This theory, like the preced- ing, is without any sure fouuda- MAN 223 MAN tlon ; still, it may be interesting to look into the history of the sup- posed fatlier, as wo examined tliat of the mother in the fore- goinf^ note. Arnuind do Grammont, Count de Guichc, was born hi Ui.'iS, and reared at the court of Anne of Austria, wlio looked upon him almost as a foster-child. She had just jjivcn birth to her own royal infant, and beheld in the motherless son of the Due do Grammont the same happy dis- positions which she saw in her own son. Tlio daupliin soon found tiiat his i)laymate was in- dispensable to his own amuse- ments; hut as he firew older, wliih' still haviiii; a ^reat re^^ard fe fJu'elie, the ('onit(Sse de Sois- soiis, and the M;irqnis les. Tlie])!ot was to write a le'ti'r to tlie (jlleen, ;is if it cam" fruni her niotliir, the (,>ueen of Si):!in. iiotifyinLC to lier tlie Cotirieetion lietween l,a \';illii'ri> mid the kim:, and wnrnini; hi r to h(^ on lier ^,'uaiil. I e Vnrdi s composed the letter, De Guiche translated it into Spanish, and it was sent in an indirect way to the queen. It fell into the hands of a servant, whose suspicions w'jre aroused ; she ventured to open it, and, tinding it would cause great trouhle to her mis- tress, she gave it to the queeii- motlier, wlio sent it to the king. When Louis read it, he turned extremely red, and saw that it must have been composed by one of liis own subjects. Means were immediately taken to examine the affair, and not only the wholo jiartieulars were brought to light, but publicity was gi\eii to moro than was desiraljle. A girl named Montalais, a maid to tlio Duchesse d'Orleans, w:'s also a confidante of La Valllere, and she communicated to the latter that Heiiriette-.Maria was carry- ing on a disgraeelul if not a criminal intercourse with De CUiiche. Before this Louis had exacted from his mistress a prom- ise that she would liave no secret from him. He divined from her emliMrrassment that slii^ was bur- dened with a seeret which she feared to disclose. He jiressed her to speak, but only became more convinced that there was something bidden from him by her refu.sal. They parted in an- ger, ami La V:iiliere tied to a convent lit Chaillot. The kin eseane of the mistress and her return made much noise, while the sei-ret 1 t- ter fi reed the kinc to eoinmuni- cnte with his ministers and otiier ]ierson:i'_:es nf Irs C"nrt. The restraint vliieli he liad ptit njion himself w.is for_;otti'n, and his evil exMmple expos' d to tlie peo- ])le. Di' Sojs^ons w:is ordired tn retire into ( 'liumpaL'iie ; \':irdi'3 m:is thrown into the I'.Mstile; and De tiuiche was sent into MAN 224 MAN Holland, to the great delight of the Due d'Oileans. It is now understood that between the Duchesse d'Orlc'ans and De Guiche notliiug had taken place at any lime that could in any way alfect her honor. He always wore her miniature, and this at one time saved his life when in battle, by a ball striking the case in which it was contained. Though he was a married man, he always rc3tained an admira- tion for the duchess, and after her death sought for oi)portuni- ties of self-sacritice in the army, where he was known as a brave and capable officer. He did not die on a battle-tield, as he desired, but at Creutznach, in his tliirty- fifth year, of a broken heart. To the jealousy of the Due d'Or- leans, and the treachery of De Vardes, wlio assailed De Guiche behind his back, and the gossip of the girl Montalais, is due the report of the infidelity of Hen- riette-Maria, and on this report is founded the theory that they were the parents of the Man in the Iron Mask. XIV. The Chevalier Louis DE Rohan. This personage, who has been called the handsomest man of his time, was a member of one of the noblest families of France, and born in 1(>'>5. In KJSGhewas appointed grand master of the hunt, and subsequently colonel of the guards. He soon rendered himself conspicuous at the court of Louis XIV. by his adventu- rous intrigues and liis ruinous expenditure. He was exiled by the king, who suspected him of encouraging the vicious tastes of his brotlier, Philippe d'Orleans. Exasperated by tliis exile from the court, full of ambition, eager for notoriety, utterly estranged from the Prince de Soubise, tlie head of liis family, because lie would listen to no remonstrance or example, ruined by his own extravagance and debauchery, he had fallen from a prosperous and advancing condition into a state of misery and destitution which drove him to despair. He became a traitor to his king with- out even the apology of a mis- taken patriotism. In lt)74 Nor- mandy showed a disposition to revolt, and at that time De ilo- lian met Hatre'aumont, a man, like himself, at the lowest ebb of fortune, and one of the leaders in the proposed revolt. These two were joined by Chevalier de Preaux and a Madame de Villars, a woman devoid of all principle and inodesty. The plot was for the country to revolt, for a Dutch fleet to hover near the coast, and at a given signal to ai)proach Quilleba'uf, of which place the traitors were to give up the keys. The negotiations with the United Provinces were carried on by a Flemish school-master called Vandenenden, formerly a Jesuit, who settled near Paris, and came and went between F'rance and the Low Countries. The insurrec- tion was on the point of break- ing out, and Hatreaumont had set off for Normandy to put him- self at the head of the move- ment, when the whole conspir- acy was discovered by the king, who at once caused De Rohan, De Preaux, and De Villars to bo thrown into the Bastile, and sent guards to Rouen to arrest Ha- trc'-aumont. The latter so des- perately resisted his cajitors that he lost his life in the struggle. Among liis papers nutliing was found to implicate De Rohan, and he would in all probability have esca])ed punishment had not a base and infamous deceit been put upon liini, in order to induce liini to confess liis guilt. One of the judges, named Rezons, drew from him, by the iiromiso of a pardon, a conft>ssion of his error. He told all he knew, but was surprised to find his trial pro- ceeded with as if no such act had taken place. All were con- demned to death. De Rohan was MAN 225 MAN cast into paroxysms of rage and despair when lie found he had been deceived. Various efforts were made to move the king to mercy, by former friends of the chevalitT, and he was much in- clined to grant a j)ardon, but the arguments of liis ministers, that a more favorable instance could iu)t he, found for displaying be- foie the people an example of just rigor than in the case of this man loaded with crimes and vices, prevailed, and he was exe- cuted with liis accomplices in front of th(? liastile. The theory that another man was executed in his place has not been proved, and, further, the Man in the Iron Mask tirst appears in ll>(i2, and Do liohan was not executed till 1074. XV. A Ron of Mahie-ThkrJ:se AND A NK<;1!() SeK\'.vNT \V11()M HUE n.U> LiKULUllX ! HUM Sl'AIX. There is no truth whatever in tliis theory, hut there is a fact ujion wliich a person might im- agiiu; such an o<( urnnce. Soon aft(;r tiie conquest of C'andia by the French monarch, an African king of Arda, anxious to securt; so powerful a friend, despatched 8e\eral envoys to Louis XIV. to j)rof)ose a |>oliti(aI and commer- cial alliance, and to ask his sup- port against the English ami Dutch settli'rs upon bis coasts. The envoys brought se\eral pres- ents to the king and queen. Among those to the latttT was a Moorish dwarf, fen years of age, whose heitrht did not exceed twenfy-si'ven inches. The (pieiii was (|elii.'lite(l with her new pl.iv- thitiL.', had him (lre-er iires~. He \\;is perpetually seen in Imt ap.irtmcnt. percliod upon a bu- reau, Seated on the sofa, gambol- ling upon the carpet, or even in the very lap of his mistress. At first the king objected to this favorite of his ijueen, but, as she clung to her toy, he forbore fur- ther remonstrance. About this tinu; prayers were olTered for the safety of the queen and the new prince she was about to give to trance. On one occasion, as she was traversing her chamber, ab- sorbed in thought, the dwarf, weary of inaction, suddenly bt)unded from an obscure corner of the apartment, and flung him- self acro.ss her path. The (pieen fainted, and in a few hours gave birth to a daughter, black from head to foot. The secret was kejit by those in attendance, and, after a hurried baptism, the child was carried to Gisors, and after- wards removed to the 15enedic- tine convent at Moret, where she was afterwards compelled to take the veil. The was wra]>pcd up in love for him, and so great was her ntTection th:it she lelh ved everything lie told Imt. u^oid or bad. .She nseaiii, wished an iieir to the throne is based tlie tlieory tliat slie was the mother of an ille};itiniati' son, but tluTe are no proofs to show tiie tlieory to be correct, and, if it is correct, Avliy \\ :;s lie hidden under the Iron Mask. XVII. S(IN OK CllUISTINA OF SWKDKN .V.NU Mo.\ALI)KS( HI. Christina, (i>ueen of Sweden, born in Itii'ii, receive0 she was crowned with the title of kiixi, and for four years governed with ri^or, while her brief rei;,'ii was remarkable for her i)atronage of learned and scienlitit; men. In ](;.")4 she ab.licatcd. DilTerent reasons have been uiveii for this step. Siie was weary of tlie per- sonal restraint which royalty iniposeil on her: tlie noblemen of her country and the princes of oilier countries anni'Ved In r ^\ith offers of marriaue; her .\- ce( dinu' wit and the histories of (jtbi-r countries which she h;id riad niadr her despise her own: and the lucmise which the |io]ie bad niaile her of ha\ iiii; her ele( ted i|uein of Xa|ile-;, if she vculd beciiiiie a Catholic, arc anions till' reasons ;;iven. She left Sweden, at I'.rusSels elu- bl:i(;ed the l.'olnan Calholic relij;ion, and slowly proceeded to Komc, which city she entered with great pomp, on horseback, in the costume of an aniazon. Several times she visited Paris, as well as other cities, attracting great attention and shocking the people by her attempting to ruu counter to nature, to j)ut woman on a level with man, by her bois- terous bi-havior. and her mascu- line attire. When in Paris sl:o became accjuainted with all tho scandal of tin; city, and freely commented on it; she was not sparing of oaths, which shocked the ears of polite society, a soci- ety which was outside bright, gallant, and brilliant, but foul with corrui>tion and crime within. In ItitlO she endeavored to b(! reinstated on the throne of her father, but the' Swedes, who loved her in her youth, would have nothing to do with her since she had cbangi d her relig- ion. She aspired to the crown of Polaml, but was unnoticed by the Poles. The latter part of her life was spent in Pome, where she died in ItJS'.t. She alwaj'S had a large retinue with her, computation of mildness : one is that he hail re\ealed 111 r intriirne with the pope to becouH' qu- i n of Naples; anotluT. licit lie was trying to injure another Ilal.iTi in her service, named SantiniHi.by forg- ing injuri'ius and in^uliinu' let- ters to the (|ueen ; and another, that there were peis^nal alTairs which caused his execution. MAN 228 MAN There is, howevet, every reason to believe it was a punishment for political and not personal offences. The darkest accusation, that Monaldeschi had been her favored lover, is vsholly witliout foundation, and there is every reason to believe that she never had any guilty attachment for any one. Yet, upon the fact of the execution, her familiarity with members of her suite, and her eccentric ways, some have supposed, with no historical proof, that she had a child by this Italian, which Louis XIV. hid in the Baslile. XVIII. An Illf:gitimate Son OF Mahia Anna, Skcond Wife OF Charles II. Hardly a year after the death of Maria Louisa, the first wife of Charles of Spain, the intrigues of the court of Austria induced the king to marry Maria Anna of Neuburg, Bavaria, then twenty- three years of age. The Spanish branch of the House of Austria threatened to become extinct, and Charles himself was the sport of contending parties which agitated his court. There was no hope of his being the father of an heir to his throne, but several foreign claimants were plotting to inherit it. Among these were the IJuke of Anjou, whose interests were urged by Loiiis XIV. of France; tlie Em- peror Leoi)fild of Austria, who wished his son to become king of Spain; and theElectorial-Prince Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, then only seven years old. Tlie personal feeling of Charles in- clined towards the last, and in his favor lie made a will, biit the priiir(^ soon died, and the strug- gle finally, Ity the withdrawal of other claimants, lay between Austria and France. The court became divided into two ])arties, known as the Austrian and French parti< s. The queen was wholly governed by her German adherents, and her German par- tialities, joined to the mercenari- ness of her favorites, disgusted the Si)anish people, who are re- markable for their dislike of foreigners. She used her infiu- ence lor her brother-in-law Leo- pold and his candidate, tiie Arch- duke Charles, in spite of the wishes of the majority of the king's council and the almost universal ilesire of the Spanish people. The French ambassa- dor, d'Harcourt, an able, intri- guing, and winning negotiator, assisted by his wife, who was chaiining, brilliant, polite, and profuse in gifts, drew many of the court ladies to the interests of France, and influenced the king to favor his country. Even the vanity of Maria Anna per- mitted him to obtain for her in Paris many articles of rich finery, not to be ]>rocured in Spain, and thus the desires of a woman over- came the antipathies of the queen. For a time she was ren- dered less zealous in the cause of her family by d'Harcourt's hold- ing forth the prospect of a union with the dauphin when she be- came a widow. This did not last long, liowever. The king M'as advised of her underhand deal- ings with the French and the Germans, and would not listen to her when she attemjited to give him advice. He hid liimself from her as much as i)ossible, as he dreaded her violent temjier, and told iier nothing of tlie will which he made in favor of the Duke of Anjou, and signed on liis death-bed. After his death she retired to Bayonne, where for a time slie continued to work and intrigue for her (ierman frii-nds. which alienated tlie few S]>aniar(ls who remained with her. and irritated the new king, Philip V. She died in 1740. U|ion her natural desire to be the niotiier of an heir to the Spanish throne is founded the '/ucss that she became the m(>ther of an il- legitimate sfin. hojiing to foist him on the people as the son of MAN 229 MAN Charles II. ; finding this impossi- ble, she gave the boy to Louis XIV. to hide from the world. Thougli the French king might, from i)oli('y, he willing to hide the boy, yet there are no proofs of her having had a son, and this hyj>otht'sis must go the way of many other '/('c *-r,s, which have not oTie particle of truth to sus- tain them. XIX. Fathkr of Louis XIV. One aftcruDon, Louis XIII., depressed with fnniii, resolved to sleep at St. Maur, where he had a hunting cstablislinient. On passing through I'aris he stopped at tlie convent of the Faubourg St. Antdiuc, to i)ay a visit to Mile. ouriiig rain set in. Jle was pri'?-sed again to take refuge in the Louvre, aiul after furtlier (hliatc and delay w;is in- duced to re]>air to the residen<'e of the (|uceii, where he arrived about ten o'clock. T\\f queen, probably prcNioiisly ad\ised of the visit of her loroken, and A\hich none have exjilained. I'artisans of the House of Orleans, who sought to place that family on the throne, revived the story of the king's illegitimacy, and Louis XIV. throughout his life was jealous and suspicious of his younger brother, the first of the present House of Orleans. Tints it can be seen that from the day of the birth of Louis XIV. doubts have been cast upon his right to the throne. In WM there was printed at Cologne a little book called Les Amours d'Aune d'Autriche, espovse de Louis XIII., avec M. le C. D. R., le veritable pere de Louis XIV., and upon this work some of the scholars of Holland endeavored to establish the fact that the masked prisoner was a young foreign nobleman, a cham- berlain of t^u( en Anne, and the father of Louis XIV. This book was reprinted in KiiKJ, the latter edition having on its title-iiage, in idace of the above initials, " Monsieur le Cardinal de Riche- lieu." Some iiav(! said the initials should stand for Comte de Riviere, and others for Comte de Rochefort, but the gentlemen who bore those nnmes did not suddenlj' disappear, neither were they missed from the court. In 174() appeared LfS Portraits his- toriqaes dcs homnies illustres de Denmarl-, by Hoif mann, in which is another story. A Capuchin monk told Richelieu that (^)ueen Anne had confessed to him, among other sins, of having had tender intercotirse with an army othcer named I^autzan, and that she could not stthdue her passion for him. The cardinal, capable of anything, found means by his niece, then a maid of honor, to give liautzan a chance to speak with the queen, and this oppor- tmiity had tin' effect that is pre- tended, and contributed more to the birth of Louis XIV. than the marriage of twenty-three years with the king. Kautzan was then imprisoned aiul kejit from sp(aking with any one, for fear he would divulgi' tlie seerrt. It must be reuii nibered, however, that this theory is founded en- tirely on worlss \\ritten by the j)olitical or religions enemies of the French kings, and that none of the many foes of the queen dtiring her lift'time saw tit to bring it against lur. Had the story been true, the sudden dis- MAN 231 MAN appearance of an army officer would have been noticed, and somewhere been mentioned. XX. A LovKu OK Maria Louisa d'Okleans. This is another tlicory, founded, like tlie tiiree which 'follow, en- tirely uiion supposition. If she liud "a lover, it was no more than otiiers li;id, hut even this is doubt- ful, as she would be very careful how she conducted herself when she expected to marry the dauphin. The second part of the theory is that he was imprisoned when she heeanie the wife of Charles II., but no cause is jjiveu for the imprisonment. XXI. A I'rrii. OKTHK Jp:sriTS, Imprisoneaid to the prisoner, seem out of proportion to a comnuin pupil : and the loss of a impil lie- lonu'ini-' to a iiohh- family wonhl have iieen commented upon by some ol the writers of the time. XXIT. A Namki.kss Pkisson Ar- yUAlNTEI> WITH FotyLET's Sk- CKETS. XXIII. A Woman. The originator of this theory says, witliout any authority, it inij;ht have been a woman, the victim of Madame de Mainlo- non's jealousy. Man-Milliner. The. A nickname given to Henri 111. of France; a man, weaker than wouiaiv and worse than a harlot, who, while the Cuises aiul his mother ruled the state and undermined liis throne, spent his time in inventing new fashions in dress. A weak. etTeminate fo]). smeared with cosmetics and jxTfumes: a siiiiilless creatur(\ who found amusement in training dogs, j)arrots, and monkeys, hut truly l)rave in the face (f rial danger, and the ]ios--e';sor of a mind of more tlian ordinary capacity. Man-Mouse, The. An epithet given to Dr. Henry More, an eminent English divine and philosopher, by Thomas Vaugli- an. In 1650 Vaughan pub- lished his AnthrojM.sophia 'J'/kO- nut'jica, and in the same year More answered it with some Observations bij Abizdiumuiattr. Phildlethes, in which he called Vaughan a Momus, a mimic, a fool in a play, and a ja( k-i)ud- ding. To this X'augban wrote an answer, in whicli he called his antagonist 'Jlie Man-Manse taken III a trap, ami tortured to death for f/iiairin;/ the mart/ins of Kmjeiiius I'/illulclhes. The work was bitter, and written in the controversial spirit of the times. Miu-t; wa.s afterwards ashamed of his part, and sup- jiressed it in the collected edi- tion of his works. l?y birth More was a Calvini.st, but in his youth he joiiu'd the established church, and later was rector of Ingoldshy, which he resigned in 1(;14. During the rebellion he was sutTertd to enjoy the studi- ous retirement he had chosen, although he. had made himself obno.xious by refusing to take the covenant, and, while he lamented the miseiies of his country, he was too busy in his study to mind very much of w hat was going on aboiit liim. Ho was a man of great and exten- sive learning, but in his writings are found deep tinctures of mys- ticism. Afti r linishing sc nn- of liis works, which had occasion! d much faligm\ he woiihl say: " Now for tliree months I w ill not think a w i---' thought 7ior sjieak a wise wurd." He was sub- ject to tits of ecstasy, during which he gave himself U]i to joy and hapiiimss. which obtained for him the nickname of 'I'mk Intki.i.i I M \i, 1:i-icii;k. His wrilinus lia\c no iiarticular in- terest for tlie |irescnt generation, hul Wire ^try jiiciiular in his day, as they eslaliiisled great jiriiici- jiles of n ligioii, and lixed nun's minds against the fantastical MAN 232 MAN conceits of the time, which was fast running towards atheism. Man of a Million, A. So Thomas de Quincey is called in the Noc- tes Arnb rosiansB (xxii.). Man of Bath, The. A title ap- plied to Ralpii Allen, the friend of Pope, Warburton, and Field- ing. Man of Black Renown, Thou. So Byron, in Don Juan (xiv. 32), addresses "William Wilber- force, tlie philanthropist, who did murh toward tlie elevation of the blacks in Africa. Man of Blood, The. Charles I. was so called by the Pnritans, because he made war against his Parliament. Man of December, The. So Napoleon III. was called, from the famous coup-d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851. Man of Destiny, The. A name bestowed on Bonaparte, " who believed himself to be a cliosen instrument of Destiny, and that his actions were governed by some occult and supernatural influence." Man of Feeling, The. Henry Mackenzie, the essayist, is fre- quently tlms called, from his novel with that title. Man of Many Medals, The. So Goethe is calltd in tlie Nodes Ambrosuinse (Ixi.). Man of Night, The. So Dr. Wolcot, in his Ltjric Odes to Royal Academicians (v.), calls Derby Wright, a painter of moonlight scenes, etc. Man of Ross, The. A nickname given to Stephen Higginson, who was born in Salem, but afterwards lived in Cambridge. He was a very prosperous mer- chant, and also inherited wealth from his father. In 1704 he married Martha Salisbury, and after lier death he married, in 180.5, Louisa, daughter of Cap- tain Thomas Storrow of the British army. For sixteen years he was steward of Harvard University, and throughout his life was famed for his profuse charities. Man of Ross, The. Tlie sobri- quet bestowed on John Kyrle of Ross, in Herefordshire, a man of large benevolence, of whom Alexander Pope, in his Moral Essays (in.), says : Who taught that heaven-directed spire to rise? " The Mau of Koss," each lisping babe replies. Coleridge, in one of his poems, also refers to him. Vid. also Southey's Doctor. Man of Sedan, The. A sobri- quet bestowed on the Emperor Napoleon III., because he sur- rendered to William, Emperor of Germany, after the battle of Sedan, Sept. 2, 1870. Man of Sin, The. A title applied by Koman Catholics to Anti- christ ; by the Puritans to the Pope of Rome ; and by the Fifth Monarcliv Men to Oliver Crom- well. (r/(/. 2 Tliess. ii. 3). Man of Stove, The. So Dr. Wolcot, in his E/ii.^tle to Count Riimford, calls the latter. Man of the People, The. A popular nickname for the Eng- lish statesman Charles James Fox. Man of the Revolution, The. So Jeffeison, in 182o, calletl Sam- uel Adams. Man with a Wig, The, in the Noctes Arnhrosidnse (xxviii.), is intended for Dr. Samuel Parr, who wore an immense peruke. Man with the Leather Breech- es, The. A nickname given to CJeurge Fox, the (^luaker. Manchester Poet, The, is diaries Swain, . praised by Southey in Tiic Jjortor. Manchester Prophet, The. A name given to, or assumed by, Ellis Hall, who considered him- self a propliet. MAN 233 MAR Maneta, or Thk Bloody One- JIanded. a nickname given to (Jeneral Loison, a French cav- alry commander. " His mis- deeds," says Soutliey, " were never eoet'8 grave : I'nhappy in thine end, Marley, the .Sluses' darling for thy verse, Fit to write passions for the souls below. If any wretched souls in passion sjx'ak. Marquess of Carabas, The, in Benjamin Disraeli's novel \'ir- iini (ii'i II. is said to be intended for Lord Lyndiiurst. Marquis, The. .\ characf'T in Moliei-c's /,'( Cnti'/iir ,/.. I'J-role (lis t'iiinins, intended to rejire- sent FraiK.dis d'.Vulmsson, Vi- comte (If la Fcuiliade. ViIar- leau. The word martel, in the an- cient Frank language, never bore such a signilication, but was, on the contrary, merely an abbreviation of JIartellus, Martin. Judas AsmouKus, from a similar legend, was called Maccab.el'S, or The Hamaiekkk. Martha Bethune Baliol. One of the characters in Scott's Chroni- cles of the Canongate, especially in the story of The Highland Widoic, and founded upon Mrs. Murray Keith, wlio lived at Ra- velstone. In his boyhood Scott visited lier and slie observed his precocious talents. In Waverley many of the quaint aitd pictu- resque features of Ravelstone were embodied. Martial Macaroni, That, in John Trumbull's poem M'Fingal (iv.), is meant for General John Burgoyne, who was a great beau and man of fashion. Martin Luther of Switzerland, The. A name given to Llrich Zwingli. Both Luther and Zwingli were roused by the same causes, the sale of indulgences; both protested against celibacy and married ; but Zwingli was less violent and more candid, less controversial and more clear- headed. Martyr King, The, is Cliarles I. of England, who was beheaded Jan. oO, 1(;4!), and buried at Wind- sor. Sometimes he is referred to as The White King. Vid. Pope, Windsor Forest (.line oil). Martyr President, The, is Abra- ham Lincoln, the sixteenth presi- dent of the United States, who was assassinated on the 14th of April, 18{)5, by J. Wilkes Booth. Martyr to Science, The. A so- briquet bt stoweil in Claude Louis, (^>unt I'erthollet, who, in 1822, having determined tn test the efl'ects of carbonic acid on his own person, died under the experiment. Marvellous Boy, The. Thomas Cliatterton. Vid. The Bristol Buy. Mary, who occurs extensively in the poems of Lord liyron, is Miss MAS 235 MAU Mary Chawortli, wlio afterwards married Jdliii Musters. Masaniello, the cominon name of the celoliiatcd Neapolitan insur- rectionist, is simply a corruption of Tonunaso A niello, so pro- nounced V)y liis companions. Master, The. So (Jocthe is called in the Xiicics .iiiihrd.fianu; (Ixii.), and hy ins admirers in general. Master Adam. A popular des- ii;natio!i for the French poet Adam Hili;iut. Master Esop. So Dr. Jidm Wol- cot, in his postscript to Lnril An,-f,-/>niu>: since in competi- tion with the polilieal economist. I)e Q II inn I/. Master of Stone-Cutting, The. A ni(d\nauie j;iven to (iiacomo Dolcelioiio, an architect and sculptor. His cliief work was tlie desiiiu of the chufcli San Mauri/.io, in Milan, a design at once simple anL Tin-: Tukkk I.s. Matilda, in rjifford's /)'o/(/r/ (line J(;tl)ainl .l/.r/f./(lin(. IDl), is.Mrs. Hester Lynch I'ioz/.i, who wrote for the hlurrlirr .\fisr. I /,!>,, un- der the ]iseudoiiym of A.NNA .Matilda. Matoussaint, in .Tules Valles' Le li'iclh li, r, is intended for L. Ciiassaint. Matthew Copping'er. I'nder this name Kocbcstcr irreverently introduced .lobn Dryden in his work .1 S< S>^i.'ll ../ ^//. I'nrtn. Mauchline Belles, The, whom liuriis has iuiuiortal;/cd. \verense and with ad- mirable judgment, a most valua- ble library of the Greek classics, both in printed ('(litions and rare manuscripts, and in his knowl- edge of the Latin language was j)robably unexcelled by any of his contemporaries. Dibdin, in the above work (p. 181j, says of him : Wliile >r('nrtlca.s sees liis oblong cabiiu't dfcoratcd with sucli a tall, well ilrfs.<('(l, uikI i)crtiai)s matchless n'fjiinciit i)f Variorum Classics, he has littlu or uo occasiou to regret his MEN 237 MER unavoidable absence from the field of battle, ill the Strand or Pall-Mall. Menander. A chararter drawn to represent Thomas Warton, the author of a JlLstori/ of Kixjlixh I'ortry, by I>i1)din, in Iiis Biblio- mania, or Book Madness, where he says : Compared with this, how different was Menauo(ik of Tcletnachus," says Mailame deSfiii'l, " wa- a courageous action." To insist witli sucli ardor on the duties of a sovi-reign, and to paint with such truth a volu|itiii)us reign, ili-u'raceil Fenclon at the court of Louis XIV., hut the virtuous au- thor raised a statue for liimself in all hearts. Mephibosheth, in Dryden and 'I'atc's satire of Ahxitlotii iiml Ai-liih'iiL' I . is intended for Sam- uel INrda^re. Mephlstopheles Merck. .\ nick- name i^iven to ,Tiiciii of Scots, on a(;c Pierre Puget, the French painter, sculptor, and arcliitect. is frecpiently called. Michael Ang'elo of Modern Lit- erature, The. An epithet ap- ])lied to Victor Hugo. Van Laun, in his History of French Literature (iii. 329), says: The public at large know Victor Hugo ratiier as the Michael Angelo of Modern Literature, as a powerful exponent of deep and noble thoughts. This aspect of liis poetical talent haa thrown a shadow over the softer ac- cents of his voice, over those de- lightful pieces of joy and melancholy, than which, in their own way, there are none nobler in any liter- ature. Michael Angelo of Music, The. So Johann Christoph von Gliick, the German composer, is called. Michael Angelo of Sculptors, The. A title given to Kene Michel Slodtz. Michael Angelo of Spain, The. A sobriquet conferred on Alonzo Cano, who excelled as a painter, a sculptor, and an architect. Michael Angelo of the Middle Ages, The. A name given to Arnolfo del Cambio, sometimes called Arnolfo di Jjapo, a sculp- tor and architect. He was the maker of the tomb of Cardinal de Brave at Orvieto, which is remarkable as the earliest in- stance of tlie canopy withdrawn by attendant angels from the dead man's form, afterwards frequently adopted by the Pisan school. Michal, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Absalom and Achito- plu'l, is intended for Catharine, the queen of Charles II. !Miclial was David's wife. Vid. David. Michel-Ange des Bamboches, Le. A nickname given to Peter van Laar, the Dutch painter, celebrated for his delineations of Italian ' hnv life." Midwife of Men's Thoughts, The. So Socrates styled him- self; aiul (irote remarks that " no other man ever struck out of others so many sparks to set light t(i original thought." Mighty Eagle. An epithet con- ferred on ]>'ernando de Magel- lan, the famous voyaser, by Ijuchauan, in his poem The Voyage of Magellan, where he says : MIG 239 MIR Oh, Magellan ! Miffhty eagle, circ- ling sunward lost'in light. Waving wings of power, and strik- ing nifuner tilings that cross thy tiight. Mighty Leviathan, The. A nami)posed by an ideal government. Mighty Minstrel, The. A name fjiven to Sir Walter Scott in the Xoctcs Ar7ihrosiaiix (mW). Mighty Minstrel of Old Mole. The. A name i^ivcn to Kdniiiiul Spenser by .\Ia.<;inii, in bis i)oeni liniiitl Visit tn Ireland: Yet whom the niightv minstrel of ol.l Aiole Has all embalmed in ids enchanting song. Mignon. Le. A iiiidr. Isaac Cosset (hccausc he liad his books bounij in white vrllum > by Ma- tbias, in bis /''irs'iils i-/ /.it' .-'f- Im-i' (fourth ilialo^^ue, line T'J), where be says : I h;i\c :it sales the uiidi-piited To milk uln:e (;o-^,t, mid Lord >|M iicci '~ lr:iiii. Millbank, in liiiijaiiiiii I>'sraeli's no\el Viri.ni I i r< 1/ , is said to be intended for 'I'bomas Hope, the .lutliur of Ajiastiisius, idc. Mill-Boy of the Slashes, The. A nickname tjiveii to Henry Clay, who was born in Hanover County, Va., known as "the Slashes," i. e., a swampy tract of land. Millidus. A name given to John iMarston, tbe English dramatist, in the play Jark J>ra)n's Lnti r- (ainiiient (London, IGKi; act iv.), which says: JIra Jii. Urother, how like you of our modern wits? IIow like you the new poet MUlidnst lira Sir/. A slight babling spirit, a ( 'orke.'a lliiske. /'la. How like you .\fusus fashion in his carriage? /Ira Sii/. O lilthilie, he is as blunt as /'allien. /Ira ./it. What think you of the lines of /)rri>iay Writes he not a good eordiall saiipic stile? Jlra .s'/'/. .\ siirreinde Jaded wit, but ruhljes on. Mimicke, A. So George AVithcr, in his Great Assise.-: II r in Lf Lit' ratiiri : Mrs. Montagu w;is the >Iinerva, for >o she wa- i-oiiiiiliinciited mi this occM^ion, whu-e celoiiiil spear was to irau-lix the aiidaiini- (iaiil. Ministerie. La. I-"lorimond d<* Kiiiioiid, in speaking of .Mbert IJabin^'t. a iliscjpic of Calvin, sa\s that "' be was a student of tbe In->liiiiles, read at the hall of the i:(|uit\-Scli,.ol in I'oit-.ers, and was called La Miiiisli ri ." Min.strel of the Border. The. So Wordsworth, in li's piicm y,'rr,.:r /;, r,.-, and \v:ioiii I'.c.. .in b;-.ir,./.v .; /..,-- .v-.c ills "Ilic hei\. niv Mira," w:is I'r.in- ces llrudeiiell. who mairied silc- ce-si\rlv ( harlcs. .sec<.nd l-'.arl of Newliuigh, Uicliard, Lord P.. 1- MIR 240 MIS lew, an Irish peer, and Sir Tliomas Smith. iJr. William King, who had some disjinte with her concerning property in Ireland, made her the heroine of his satire The Toast (IToti). Mirabeau of the Mob, The. A niclvname given to George Jac(|Uts Dantf)n during the Frencli Revolntion. He was, in fact, a Miraheau cast in a more vulgar mould. Mirabel, in Spenser's Faerie Qurene (vi.), is Hose Daniel. Vid. liOSALINDE. Miracle of Nature, The. A name given to Christina, Queen of Sweden. Miracle of Our Age, The. A name bestowed upon Sir Philip Sidney, by Camden, in The Ex- ccUencie of the iJiir/Ush Tonrjiie, inserted in the second edition of his Remaines Conctrniny Brit- aine. Miracle of Time, The. An epi- thet apjjlied to (^iieen Elizabeth in an old printed description of the " honourable entertainment " given to her at Cowdray House by Lord ^Montague in l.")!il, when she was addressed as The Miha- CLE OF Time, Xature's Glory, Fortune's Empress, The "World's "Wonder and, step- ping from the sublinre to the ridic- ulous, it states that she "was roy- allie feasted, the proportion of breakfast was three oxen and one hundred and fortie geese." She remained at Cowdray House a week, and different entertain- ments succeeded each other in rapid succession. Miranda, who figures extensively in the poetry of William Fal- coner, is ]Miss Hicks, who after- wards liecame his \\ife. Mirandola of His Age, The. So Thomas Allen called Sir Ken- elm Digby. Vid- Au])rey's /.( <- tcm and Masson's Life of Milton (i. 542). Mirmillo, who occurs in Samuel Garth's poem 'The JJispensari/ (canto iv.), is intended for a Dr. Gibbons of London. Mirror of Chivalry, The. So Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her Pilgrim- ages to English Shrines (p. 44), calls Rupert, the third son of Frederick, King of Bohemia. Mirror of Her Age, The. So Mrs. Anne Bradstreet is called in the Nodes Ambrosianse (liv.). Mirror-Upholder of His Age, The. An epithet given to Shakespeare in Simpson's The School of Shakespeare (ii. p. x.), where he says : The long prefatory Biography of Stucleij shows, more fully, perhaps, than has ever before been shown, the truly adventurous career of the hero, and so lets us into the secret of why that and other notabilities of the gallant and dasliing if not very honest or otherwise admirable Es- sexian party were so popular, and got to have" their names and deeds reflected from the stage, or mirror of the time, and that bytlie great show- man, or nurrorupholder of his age, .Shakespeare. Miserable Imp. That. So Dr. Wolcot, in his ])oem Nil Admi- rari, calls Thomas James ^la- thias, author of The Pursuits of Literature. Misleader of the Papacy. An ap]iellation conferred on Bene- detto Gaetano, Boniface VIII., by Gower, L'onfessio Amantis (ii.), who says: Thou Boneface. thou proude olerke, 3risli-der of the papacie. Miss Diddle, in I'yron's poem 'The liliirs, is intended for Miss Lydia White, an accomplished and truly amiable but very ec- centric lady. Miss Millpond. ^liss Millbank. Vid. Aurora IIaisy. Miss Scatcherd. the teacher in the " Lowond Institution," de- scribed by Cliarlotte Bronte in her novel Joie Li/re, has been identified with a lady in the em])loynient of the Rev. W. Carus Wilson, "who tyrannized MIT 241 MOD over the Brontt^s while they were under her care at school at Cowan's Bridge, near Leeds." Mit Yenda. A name jriven to Thomas Adncy by Gifford, in Till' Ji'irlad (line ilK)). He had employed this name as a pseu- donym. Mitre Courtier, The. A name jj;iv('n by William Ilazlitt to Charles Lainh. who at one time lived in Mitre Court, Fleet Street, London. In his Tuble Talk (1st scr. pt. ii. essay xxviii.), Ilazlitt says: Tlic hist-iiaiiHMi Mitri' (Courtier then wislicil to know wiictlicr tlicri' were auv nitt;ipli\ >iriaiis to \vli()in one niiv'lif I'f tciiiitc(l to uiiply tlif wiz- ard spell? Mitred Ass. The. A nickname {riven to Au;j;us!iii I'oticr, Bislioii of IScaiivais. I'lion the di-ath of Louis XIII. lie was a leader of the party calleil The Impor- tants, who were opposed to Ma- zarin, and liad some intluenee in Parliament. When the eardiiial was driven from I'aris, he was mide minister ; but about theonly tiling he (lid (liiringa few montlis of power was 1o signify to tlie Hollanders that, if they would retain the friendship of Frame, they must abandon tlie damnabl' heresy into which lliev had fallen'. It was I)e Iletz, who ha.i already calii-d him the .Mitred Ass, tiiat said of him, in his M' - initirs (i. p. S'J) : of ;ill the iiliots I liave known lie \va- tile iiio-t iflioiic. Mitred Dulness. A name given to Dr. .Saniiiel Parker by his ))olitii'al o;ip(iiients. Parl^er, from being a stanch Puritan, fasliiii,' and (iraviiii,'. bi'iame a favorit.' of .Tames II., and for his change of religion hereeeivt d a ejiurcli living. Mock Ovid, Our. \ nickname L;i\eii to Charles Cnypeau, Sieiir d'.\s-ouei, who had translated the .!/ hhiK.rflicx- .-. of Ovid under the title of Orid in dnuil IJu- monr. Boileau, Art of Poetry (canto i.), says: The lewdest .Scribblers some ad- mirers found. And our .Mock Ovid wa.s a while renowned : But this low stuff the town at last despis'd, And scorn'd the folly that they once had priz'<]. Mocking-Bird of Our Parnas- sian Ornithology, The. So Wordsworth called Lord iJyron. . . . but the Morking-lJiril, they siiy, has a very sweet song of his own, in true notes proper to himself. Now, I cainiot sa> I liave ever heard any such in liis Lordship's volumes of Warbles. Coleridge, note in I'epys' Diary (ii. 110). 17'/. also Notes and Queries (Isl ser. vi. -'U). Modern Admirable Crichton, The. Captain Richard Burton. Viil. Tni: Ai>MiR.\i5i.i:. Modern Antigone, The. The Hucliesse d'Angonlcme. Vid. FiLiA I>()i.oi;osA. Modern Aristophanes. The. Saniiiel Feote. I'/'/. The Fnc;- r.isH .ViusidriiANKs. Modern Baillet, The. A name given to Voltaire by Disraeli, in ills QiiarnU of Aulhfii.< '//'.- S'^araiis. so iii'reniouslv ini|iii~i:ive, Init so inti- nltelv coiifiiseil. re(|iiire to be initia- ti-tl into the ni\ sterile of that party spirit pe(Miliar to otir frei' coniitry- Modern Belisarius, The. A title Lriv'ii to ('leueral C.enrge P>. McClellaii in Viiuitii Fair (Sow Modern CrcBSUS. The. .V nick- name gi\cn In .lauies Murrison. a prominent lirilish linam'ier of the I arl\' part of the present eeii- tiirv. i'-!. Kirklaiid. r, , /../.;/- ,n,i ,.r (:,,.,,,> ';.'[ and lln.^ia'.-S Ai, ',-/../..< , i, 'Jli. Modern Gracchus, The. .\n epilhei l;!v^ii t.> lIoiKire Gabrielc Kii|uiMti. \'ie'>iiite lie MiralieMU, becau.-.e he espoused tiic cause MOD 242 MON of the fjeople against the no- bles. Modern Hippolyta, The. A nickname jjiven to Maria The- resa of Austria. Silesia was the girdle, and Frederick the Great was the Ilercuks who obtained p(,ssission of the i^irdle. Modern Hogarth, The. A nick- name given to George Cruik- shank, tlie Englisli pictorial satirist, of whom The Gentle- man' i^ Mcu/azine (December, 18:>1; p. 029) says : The signs of the Zodiac and the Season.s on the wrapper are exceed- ingly clever; but the etchings of the months within will add a fresh wreath to tlie brow of the modern Hogarth. Modern Indagator Invictissi- mus. The. A nickname given to I.saac Disraeli, by Dibdin, in his Library Companion, who says : Mr. Disraeh, the modern Indagator Invictis.-iinus of everything curious and interesting and precious relating to our liistory and literature, has furnished us with a piece of infor- mation respecting Milton's Histury of England. Modern Messalina, The. A name bestowed itjion Catharine II. of Russia, "who had great administrative talent, htit wliose character, like tliat of lur an- cient namesake, Valeria Messa- lina, was infamous on account of her licentiottsness." Modern Midas, That. So Lord IJvron, in his liintti from Ilorare (line 7:;.")), calls Capei Lotft, who edited various law reports. Modern Ne-wton, The. A title given to Laplace, the astron- omer. Modern Pict, The. So Lord Lyron, in Chihh; Iloridd (II. xii.), calls Thomas Bruce, Lord Elgin, minister to tlie Sublime Porte in ITS'.). Being desirous of rescuing the antiquities of Greece from oblivion and destruction, he availed himself of the oppor- tunities of his station, and suc- ceeded in forming a vast collec- tion of statues, etc., which were eventually purchased by the Englisli government, tmd de- posited in the British Museum. Modern Pilate, The. A nick- name gi\en to Philip IV. of France, on account of his rapac- ity and vindictiveness in the persecution of the Order of Knights Templars and Pope Boniface. Dante, Purgatorio (xx. ^i^)^te^s, and the very Eni- peronr of Shifters. 1 was aho^ether unaccn .lon- Koii, after the latter bad read the fornu r's celebrated Tiths o lieethovtii called ILmdel. Vi'l. t'rowest, Mui:ical Ancrd'>t<-s (i. IT'.i). Monf?rel, The. So .Tolm Trum- bull, ill his ptMjni M' Fiuf bii '1 ;, ti--lies, llnwers, trees. berl)S, and fruits. 'I'be results of tbcM' St iidies be introduced in liis min- iatures, initials, and other illus- trations in t)i(> books beloufjing to bis monastery. Monk of Westminster, The. A title given to Uicbard of Ciren- cester, a British chronicler of the fourteenth century, and the author of Htxtoria ub Ilengista ad unntnn 1348. Monsieur le Coadjuteur. A title given to Paul do (iondi, afterwards Cardinal de Itctz. Monsieur V6to. So the repub- licans called Louis XVL, "be- cause the Constituent .\ssembly allowed the king to have the powiT of putting bis veto upon any decree submitted to him." >Larie Antoinette was styled Madame Vkto. Monster of Languages, A. Car- dinal Mezzolanti. Vid. The BkIAKKUS of LA.N(il'.\CJKS. Monster of Nature, The. A name given to Lope de V'ega. Prescott, in his Iiii>;/r(i]ihi<-al and Criikul Misc('l[(inus, .says: Such was file early part of the seventeenth century in Kurope; tlie a>re of Sliakes])eare, .lonsoii, and Fletcher in F,iij:lan(i: of .\riosto, ."MacliiaN elli, ami the wits wlio first siic((>sfiillv womd the comic muse of Italy: 'of the ;riiat ('onit-ille, some years later, in France: and of that iiiira\\t forth its leaves, and I..odoviro piqued himself on his sagacity in choosing the right moment for action. Hence his surname, which provoked many jmns. Moses of Athens, The. .V name sometimes given to Plato, the fjreek philosopher. Moses of Our Age, The. So I )rKldridg(', ill the lirst edition of his luniiihj Kf/ms/tur. rails Nich- olas Louis. Count Ziii/ciidorf, the restorer ol tiie .Moravian sect. Subsecjuently Doddridge MOS 245 MOU found good reasons for correcting this extraordinary eulogy. Vid. Nichols, IllHstralions of the Lit- erary Ilistory of the Eighteenth Ventury (iii. 457). Most Christian Doctor, The. A title given to Jean Charlier de Gerson and Nicolas de Cusa. Vid. Doctor Chkistianissi- MUS. Most Christian King. A title adopted by tlie king of France (Louis XI.) in Hiiil, tiireo rulers of tliat C'luntry having been so styled. To wit : Pepin le Kief, by Pope Stephen III. Charles le Chauve, by the Council of Savonnieres ; and Louis XI., by Pope Paul II. Canioens, in tlie Lttsiad (vii.), says : Ami fliou, O (;;uil, witli guudy tro- pliics jilimied, "Most Cliiisiian King." Alas! in Viiin assumed. And Massinger. in The Parlia- ment of Lm-f (vi.) : Nor can we hopv voting Cliarles, tliat jiistlv holds The lionoiir'd'tille of " Most Cliris- lian Kiii^'," Would ever iioiirisli sucli iilolatrous tlioii^rlit.-. Most Erudite of the Romans, The. So Marcus 'I'cniitius Varro has been termed, from his vast learning in almost every dei^artmeiit of lilrrature. Most Faithful Majesty. Poj)e Penedict Xl\'. bestowed this title upon .lohn \'. of Portugal in 17 IS. Most Faultless of Poets. The. So Lord ISvron. in a letter from Paveinia ( IvjOi, calls .Mexaiider Pope. Most Impudent Man Liviner, The. Tills .pithet was ^iven to P.islM.p Warleutoii hv David Mallet, ill .1 F.niiiliur Hpistlr ^( //-. yr^st Imin,,!. nl Man l.h .,ni. Most Methodical Doctor. The. .loliii lia-sol. Vid. !)(.( TOR Ok- i'i.N.\ rissiMts. Most Profound Doctor, The. ^Egidius de Colunuia. Vxd. Doctor Funi>.\tissi.mls. Most Resolute Doctor. Guil- lauine Duiandus du St. Pour- Vain. Vid. Doctor IIesolutis- 8IMUS. Mother Ann. A title given to Ann Lee, tlie " si)iritual mother " of the Sliaker community. Mother Goose. Mother Goose was a real character, and not an imaginary peisonage as has been supposed. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Foster, and she was born in lt;(>.5. Slie married Isaac (joose in KiiK}, and a few years afti r became a member of the Old South Church, Boston, and died in 17.")7.aged ninety-two years. The tirst edition of her songs, which were originally sung to her grandchildren, was juiblished in Boston in 171ti, by her son-ill-law, Tlioinas Fleet. Mother Hubbard. A nickname given to lOdniiuid Spenser, who in his voiilh wrote /'//.^o/yoy//!/, lyr Mnthr? Uu},liurd's T, by Har- vey, in his h'anrt' I.itti-ra (ind Cvrtninr S'lunitfi (London, loLCJ), where he says: Ami I iiiii-t needs sav.Mollier Hub- hard in heat of (holler, forgetting the l)iire san^ruiiie of lier sweele Faery (^ueene, wilfully over-sliot her inalcontelited selfe; a> et-ewhere I have sjieiilied at lar^'. with good Ii-ave of unspotted friiiuUhipp. Mother of Her Country, The. .\ nil kicMiie i:iv.-ii to Maria Theresa. (^)ui(ii of .\ustria. un- der whom till' eiMiiiti y rapidly iii- creasi'd in wealth, prosperity. and i)oiiiilation. She iiieonrau'i'il the arts and s ! nees. ptntecled trade. establ ishe.l sclio.ils. and ab.ilisl led th ' u'lme l.iws and right ( f saiiri u.iry. Mother Ross .\ nieknanie be- Sl. foe ,.n Mrs, CI iris- tian I > ivies. \ ho ser\ ed as a Oct- soldiel and < r.e4iion under the nnkr d M.ir ll)orou-l,. Mount t^ bank in Critici.sm, A. A iiaiiie so iiitimes given to MOU 246 MUS Bishop Warburton. Vid. A Quack in Commentatorship. Mouthy. A nickname applied to Robert Soutliey in the Nodes Ambrosiariie (vi.)- Mozart of the Nineteenth Cen- tury, The. A name applied to Mendelssolin by Robert Schu- mann. Vid. Maitland, Schu- mann (p. 10!)) : In the same article we meet with one of Schumann's most pregnant utterances; he calls Mendelssohn " the Mozart of tlie nineteenth cen- tury, the man who most clearly dis- cerns and reconciles the contradic- tions of our time." Mtid-Born Bubble, This. An epitliet conlerred on Gabriel Harvey. He was the friend of Spenser and Sidney, and it was he that called the former from north-east Lanca.shire to London, and introduced him to the latter. In his iSt range Neices of the In- tercepting of Certaine Letters (London, 1592), Nash says: Immortal Spenser, no frailtie hath thy fame, but the im))utation of this Idiots friendship; upon an unspotted Pegasus should thy gorgeous attired Futjrie Queene ride triumphant tlirougli all reports dondnions, but that this mud-born bubble, this bile on the browe of tlie llniversitie, this bladder of pride new-blowne, chal- lengeth some interest in her pros- perilie. Mullidor. A character in Greene's Never too Late (loiX)), supposed to represent Shakespeare, of which Simpson, in his School of Shakesjipare (ii. ^570), says: As in Meimphon he had shown up, as Doron, the Hoscius wlio had of- fended him, so in tlie second part of Kerer too I.ate he introduces an ejiisodc at the end, in which the same plavcr is more virulenflv attacked, under tlie name of ^lullidor. Munchausen of the West, The. A name sumetinies yiven to David Crockett, who was some- what famotts for his eccentrici- ties, had a rare fund of humor, much comnujn-sense. aiul occa- sionally told very improbable stories. Mundungus, in Sterne's Senti- mental Journey, is intended for Dr. Samuel Sharp, " who pub- lished a description of his tour on the continent, containing some libellotis statements in reference to the Italian ladies." Munster's Prelate. So Dryden, in his poem Annus Mirabilis (145), calls Bernard Vaughalen, Bishop of Munster. He marched 20,000 men info the Overyssel, under tlie republic of Holland, and committed great outrages. Muse Liimonadifcre, La, or The CoFFEK-HousE jVIuse, was a nickname conferred on Charlotte Bourette, a French jtoetess, who kept a cafe', wiiich was the resort of all the literati of her day. Muse of Greece, The. A title sometimes given to Xenophon, on account of tlie purity of his style. Muses' Darling, The. So James Shirley, in t):e prologue to his play The >/.'-7(-/-.>.-, calls John Fletcher, the dramatist. Muses' Judge and Friend, The. So Pope, in his J-.ssaif on Criticism (line 72!l), calls "William Walsh. Muses' Pride, The. Pope so calls Charles, Earl of Dorset, in an epitaph tipon him. Musical Small-Coal Man. The. A nickname givtii to Tliomas Britton. In his yt ttth he was ap- j)renticed toa I>ond(in coal-dealer, and afterwards commenced busi- ness for himself as a dealer in " small-coal " (charcoal), which he carried throiigh the streets on his back. He liecanie acquainted with Dr. Garencicres, a chemist, and soon showed great skill in that science. He studied music and became famous for his knowl- edge of the tlieory of that art; he established weekly concerts and formed a club for the jirac- tice of music. These concerts were held in a room over his shop, and, notwithstanding the humbleness of the attempt, were said to have been attractive and MUS 247 MYR very genteel. The performers were such men as Handel, who presided at the liarpsiithord, Bannister, Needier, liujrlies (the poet), Syninnds, Woolluston (the artist), and Shiittleworth. The visitors paid ten sliiliings a y(>ar, and IJritton i>rovided liis guests with rofTce at a penny a dish. He was acknowledged hy the Earls of O.xford, I'emhroke, Sun- derland, and "\VMnchelsea (the great book-col lectors of the day), who ai)i)rcci;itcd his conversation and book-learning. He had a hand in the formation of the cele- brated Harleian Library; and the Soiiiers tracts were (Mitirely his collecting. His reception by these noblemen, and his musical assemblies, led many persons to imagine that I'ritton was not what he a|>|ieared to be, and be was even accused of being a .Tf^suit, magician, atheist, and a rresliyteiian. He was a i)lain, simple, honest man, i)erf(;ctly in- olTeiisive, with tastes above his coiiditiiin in life. Musician, The, one of the story- tellers in l.ongftdlow's I'lil'sc/d U'(ii/.'riire t;dl and stniifrht and lithe, And every fealnre nf his face Kevealinj: his .Norwejfian race; A radianii', slreandnK from witlun, Around hi^ eyes uud forehead beamed ; The ancel with the violin, Painted by Itaphael, lie seemed. Musldorus, in Sir riiilip Sidney's Arcaitiii, is jirobably intended for Fulke Greville, Lord lirooke. Mustapha. A chiiracter drawn to represent William Nelson Gardiner, a book-dealer of Lon- don, by Dibdin, in his BibliD- mania, or Book Madness, who says : 'I'is Mustapha, a vendor of books. He conies forth like an alchemist from his laboratory, with hat and wig "sprinkled with learne nu/, calls George (iarrard, the painter and sculptor. NAD 248 NAP N. Nadab, in Di-yden's satire of Ab- f^alomand Achitophel, is intended for Lord Howard of Esrick or Escriek, "a protiigate wlio laid claim to great ])iety." Vid. Leviticus x. 2, when the fitness of the name is apparent, Howard, it is said, having mixed the con- secrated wafer with lamb's-wool (a compound of roasted apples and sugar), while imprisoned in the Tower of London. Namby-Pamby. This nickname was given to Ambrose Philips on account of the weakness of some of Ijis poetry, and it has since be- come a common term to give to poetry of inferiority. Philips wrote a poem upon the infant daughter of Lord Carteret, which Henry Carey ridiculed in a hu- morous poem (in The Gentlernan's Magazine, October, \TX\), called To an Infant Expirinc/ the Second Bay of its Birth. Written by its Mother in Imitation of Namby- Pamby. After Philips and Pope liad had a quarrel, the latter j)laced the former in The Dvnciad (1729; bk. iii. lines o2G and 327), where he says : Benson sole judge of architecture sit. And Xamby Pamby be preferred for wit. Vid. also Notes and Qxieries (1st scr. xii. Vl'.\). Namby Pamby "Willis. A nick- name given to N. P. Willis, and compounded from the initials of liis name. Willis was very care- less in some of his works, as his hook on Ireland will attest. Nameless Bard, The. So Can- ninL^ in his poem A>?'' Morality, calls Thomas James Mathias, the author of The Pursuits of Litera- ture. Nancy King-, Miss. A nickname a])j)lied to William Rufus King. Vid. Perley Poores lieminis- cences (i. 21(5) : Wilham Kufus King of Alabama, who was elected President pro tempore of the .Senate while Colonel Johnson was Vice-President, was a piim, spare bachelor, known among liis friends as Miss Xaucy King. Nannie, to whom Robert Burns has addressed various lyrics, was Miss Fleming, a farmer's daugh- ter of Tarboiton, Ayrsliire. Nanny, who is addressed by Thomas Percy, Bislioi) of Dro- inore, in his poem Oh Xanny, inilt thou yanr; ici' me.'' is Naiuiy Isted of Easton, near Northamp- ton, and afterwards the poet's wife. Napoleon of Drury Lane, The. So Fitzgerald, in bis Xeu- Ilistory of the ^ Eaylish Staye (ii. 415), terms Robert William Elliston, the comedian. Napoleon of Essayists. The. A sobri()uet bestowed upon Horace (Jreeley. Vid. Bungay, Ojf'-IIand Tukinys (p. 2H7). Napoleon of Finance. The. A nickname given to (;al)riel Julien Ouvranl, l)anker and merchant. Vid. Kirkland. fyeloprrdia of Commercial and Ba.siness Anec- dotes{\. 44). Napoleon of Liverpool Fi- nance, The. A scibri(iiiet con- ferred on .Morris Ranger, a gigan- tic speculator, "who thought as little of millions as another one might of pence." )'/(/. Tlie Pall Mall Gazette (November, 188.">). NAP 249 NEIl Napoleon of Mexico, The. So AuMre, be frightful when one"s ilcad And Helt\ give this cheek a little red." The Narcissa referred to in Epistle II., \arci-^sa"s nature, tolerahlv mild, To niakr m wa-h would hardlv stew aehihl, was disiu'ned, savs NVartun. for the then Duchess of Hamilton. -Mrs. Oldtield's wish was carried out, for she was buried in a "very line I'.russels lace head- dri'ss, a Holland shift with a tucker anil double-ruliles of the same lace, a ]>air of new kid gloves," etc. Narcissa, in Kdward Voung's poem 'I'/ir < 'nini'fdiiil . or Xi ihl Thoiiqlits. is intended for the poet's step-(lauL;blcr, Eli/abctb I.ec, afterwards Mrs. 'l'emi)!e. Viil. I'HII.AMil It. Narcissus of France, The. A nii'kiiamo given to .Mphnnsr I.ainartiiH'. 'riiore was a stati-li- ness in his verse, and be siic- cei'ded ill produi'ing barninnies ii. Nathan. .\ cbar.icterin I.cssinu's yu(M'ii Elizabeth. Vid. 'J"hk Mik.\( i,e (IK Time. Nature's Sternest Painter. So 15yron, in bis Einjlisli l',ulliri'd his strength to be sliorn by the l>i lilahs of si)urioiis f;nue. .Nexcr did this man, with his gifti-d siri-ngth. grasj) the pillars of a ti-miile to shake its utoiiis over I'hi- li~thics; hut ]. leased the child-like sjmplicit) - t(,rii 0/ Ji.hn linll, lepriS'iits Victor Amadeus II. of .Sardinia. Nero. -An eintbet I'oiiferred on Louis Napolei'ii by N'ictor Hul;". in his attempts to rouse the peo- ple of KruiK-e against that usurp- er. Nero, A. An epithet given to I'"raiieois I. eel. re .In 'rrenibhiy (better known as Fatli. r .1..-, ]di !, on acc.iint of the ri^.T (d his ebara. ler. Vid. I'ArKl.iN. Nero of Germany. The. .\ ui. k- naiiie ui\eii to W'encesl.ius, King (if r.ob.'iiiia aii.l < i.rmany. I le bigan bis reii;n w), on .Martin Luther. Nightmare of Europe, The. A title j;ivei) to Napoleon Uona- I>arte, " \vb( se schemes of (jer- soii.'il ai;i;ianili/eiiieiil and whose stMjx'iKious military successes terrilied and for a time stupe- lied the nations of Eurojie." Nimble Mercury, That. So Thomas Freeman, in his poem liiiiDir mid a (irni/ Cast ^UWi) , calls William .Shak< si>eare. Nine Worthies, The. were tliree (ientilis, three ,|i'\\s. and three Christians. The (ientiles were Hector, Alexander, and Julius Ca'sar. The .Iiws were .Ti sliua, David. an Ai'lliur of En;,'l.in(l,CharleMiai;iH> of Francis and (iodfrey of I'.oiiillon. Dry- den, in I'lir' h'l'or, r and the L'/if, refer-i to them thus : Nine worthier were tliey calliMl, of ilillcrc-iil riti> ThriM- .l(u>. Ihre. I'mlmiis, ami three ('hri-li.iii Kiik'lit-. There were aNo Nine Worthi>s of l.oiidcm: Sir William Wal- worth, who stabbed Wat Tvler, the rrh.l Sir William was also twice lord iiia\..r ( b'.Tl. 1:;.->n to Peter the Great by Aarin Hill, in a panegyrical poem, published in 172."). Northern Thor, The. So Lord NOR 253 NUT Byron, in Beppo (Ixi.), calls Alexander I. of IJussia. Northumberland Piper, The. A nickname given to James Allen, whose Life, detailing his surprising adventures in Europe, Asia, and Africa, was imblished in 18L'8. Norw^ay's First Skald. A title conferred on Andreas Munch, " but wlietlier lirst in time or first in merit would seem to be doubtful." Viil. Gosse, Lltrru- tiire of Xorthpni Kiirojie (p. '22). Nostradamus of Portugal, The. A nicknanie ronferrcd on (Jim- zalii Handarra, a I'ortnguesc ]iu(t and cobbler of the si.\teenth cen- tury. Nottingham Poet. The. A name bestowid on l'iiili[) .lames Bai- ley, tlie autiior of Fcsttis, who was born at IJasford, near Not- tingiiam. Noushirwan, or The Maonani- Mois. A sobriiiui't conferred on riiosroo-;, tlie twiiity-tirst of the Sassanides. Nun of Kent, The. So Sir M'al- ter Srott, in 77-" Ahljot (.xiii.), calls lOli/.abcth IS.uton, wlu) i)re- tendcil to the gilt of pro))Iiccy. She was <'.\ceutfil by order of Henry \'I1I. for (Ifiiounciiig that monarch's marriage witii Anne IJoleyii. Nurse of Antiquity, The. A nirknaiiie givi ii to William Camdfli. on ;i(!couiit of his iiri- tdiiiiiii, in whiili he gatherrd touctlirr the scattered materials for a history of Knuland. Of this work it has ixcn said that " it was till' common sun where- at our iiiodiTii writers iiavc all lighted their little tori'hes." Nut -Brown Maid. The. The title of Mil old ballad, lirst jiriiited about !."il'.'. h wMsalso iirobaMy written about that tilre. Jud.-rlig from its having hardly an ob--o- lete wcifd, and there being no need of a ul""_';> lie succeeded his father as Lord ClilTord, and we liiid he had abandoned his disorderly habits, but it is uncer- tain whether this ehanu'e was liefore or after his father's death. He became a great courtier, and one, of the favorite conipaiiionsof Heiiiy VIIL In l.VJ.'i he was made Ivirl of ( uinlierlaiKJ, and .soon after d rated with the Carter. He died in l.")4'_'. Tliere is little in the life and character of Henry ClilTord to suit the hero of the ballad, who w'as not really an outlaw or a " banished man." He merely pretended to be such to cMiici-al hi- true r.aiik, and he i ailed liimself "a siiuiro of low ile-ri'e " the better to test and convince himself of tlio genuineness and strcuglh of the NUT 254 NUT lady's love. That he was the hero has been denied by some, but still is believed by others, while occasionally a writer by mistake says the hero was the Sheijlierd Lord. The poem itself has been repeatedly pub- lished in its original form. Prior has decorated and dilated upon it in his Htnnj and Emma, and, while not improving it in any way, he has marred the original design of the poem, and spoiled its simplicity. OBS 256 OLD O. Obsequious Umbra, in Gartli's jioeiii 'I'lic, LiiKjioixari/, is iu- temied for Dr. (Jould. Odoherty. Williuin Maginn is frc'(iueiitly referred to by this iiaiiio in tlie iVocies Anibrosi- aiiie. Odontlst of Glasgow, The, in the Xiirtcs Atiibrasidnie, was James Scott. He was entirely ifjnoraiit of literature, hut Loek- liart and others perpetually mys- tiliid hini, puhlisliini.; in liis nanio sonj^s which he did not write. Og, in Drvden and Tate's satire of Ahiminiii (IP, I A' tip t- oULchly waxed, li\n mn' end of it had a lial.it of ireitiiii^r ,,|, j,,],, i),,. neighhorhood of his eye while the Other pointed toward the ground. "When he went upon the quarter- deck to take his daily exercise, liis chief occupation as he walkecl ujt aiul down in solemn states was to train Ids moustaclie into proper ])osition. Ihtt it was an endless task, for when he got the right end out of his eye tlie left end would hecdevated, and I'icr rcrsa, and the Alabama was sunk be- fore he got them properly bal- anced. Old Ben, in Pojie's Imitation of J/(inicc's KiiiMli- to A II yiisliis, is meant for lien Jonson. Old Benbo'wr, referred to in Hood's jioein Fiiithli'ss Siillii Jirouth Carol inisui'^ ^aid one (hiv, "OhI liory'H come'" Soon ihc' Aiif:inia troops liad an o).piirtindt\ oi seeing this "old Bor\ ," who -eeiiied ^o pojiular with the I'aliiMtte-e. Old Brains. So Cneral Ifalle.k \\as (leri^i\elv nii\ines at AN'estminsier. In t!ie raiiiament of III.").; he was tiist cliesen san- ben-Sabali, tlie sheik Al Jebal, and founder of the " Assassins," a band of Carmathians established in the eleventh century. Mount Lebanon was their strongliold, which accounts for the origin of the name. Old Mathematics. A nickname given bj' his soldiers to General Ilumiihrey, he being a celebrated engineer. Old Modern, An. A name by which Samuel Pegge, the an- tiquary, alludes to hiuiself in his writings. Old Mortality. This cliaracter, in Sir Walter Scott's novel of the same name, was taken from liobert Paterson, an old Camer- onian, who was buried in Car- laverock clnirch-yard in 1801. Old Mortality in His Line, The. A nickname given to William Upcott,an English bibliograidier, wlio collected much material which he did not live to use. It was he wIid saved from the house-maid's fire-lighting designs the manuscript of Evtlyn"s Life and L''tlert!, which he found tossing about in the old gallery at "Wotton, near Dorking. Old Mortality of Pictures, The. A nickname given to George Vertue, by prol'e^sion an en- graver, but a man who collected every scrap of information he could obtain upon i>ictures and artists. His comi)ilati(ins were contained in forty volumes of manuscript, which lie intCTided to use in a history cf pictures. He died without finishing his OLD 259 OLD work, and Horace Walpole pur- chased his manuscript, out of which he wrote his Anecdotes of Paiiilinij. Old Mother Hancock. A nick- iiaiiic f>ivcn by the Jiritish sol- diers to (Jeiienil Joliii Hancock. VkI. Tiik Lovkly (jEokgius. Old Noll. Oliver Cromwell. Vid. N()i)-N(ii.L. Old Noll's Fiddler. A nick- name bestowed on Sir Koi;or rEstraiiirc, because he ])laye~ luivc noliiMil in I'iccaililU , iKit iiiMiiv ilooi'-^ from the KotliM-liild " lioi.-l," ii ciuioii- !ir- niUKfiie III a sort of n lainliii),' in front of a d()or\va\ , with a jrniii door, liki' that of a cniilioard. on a Icvil with the -tnit. I'hi- i- asso. cialcd with Ol.l (}.," ih,- famous ohi roil,', \)\f iMiki'of (^u.Mii-h.rrv, who-<.' hoM~c it wa. This iilil not walk, when a inai'liiuf was (li'\ i-rd that ht him down. Iialh- chair and all, to the strti-t ; and thi- cwphoard ((nilaim-d tlic a|ip;iral n-. Anolhir arraii;^! nicnl wa- the krip in;r a servant monntril on a i)on\ at the curbstone. At a signal Ironi "Old Q.," when any one pa.ssrd tliat he wished to see and talk with, or wished to know more of, the me- nial cantered otl in ])ursuit. TinS' ley's Matjuiine (lss;{; Old Reliable. A nickname given to (ienertil Thomas by his troops, on accoiuit of his " sterling na- ture and steadfast jiurpose." Old Robin. A name given by his troojis to Robert Devereux, the Earl of Kssex, commander-in- chief of the I'arliamentarian Army (1(;42). Old Rosey. A sobriquet bestowed on Ceneial M'illlam Uosecrans. Vtd. Kirklan.l, J'lrtortnl Hook of Anrcdotff! and Jucidi'nls of the War 0/ (ht Ribelhon (p. .'J-'i'l). Old Rough-and-Ready. A nickname given to (Jeneral Zacharv Tavl()r by the armv and the public.' Vid. Tdijlnr 'Tift- liook (Baltimore. 1.S4S; ]>. 'J). Old Rowley. This nickname, applied to Cliarlcs II., King of England, is asserted to lie de- rived from Roland, and has ref- erence to the proverbial saying "A R(dand for an Oliver,"" the former name beiiiL; gi\en to Charles in contiaiiistiiielion to Cidinwell's name. Other au- thorities state that the sol)ri([uet is (ditaiiied from the name id a fa\(iiite stallion, tlie jiroperty of the nionarch. Vid. also Mc- tiniir.'^ Ill' ('nil lit C ruiinuiint (Rolm's ed. p. 4.".0) and Xolv.S itiid (jii' rii s ( l>t ser. ii. 74). Old Sarah. A niikname given to Sarah Jemiiiius. I>u(hes3 of Marlborou-h. Vid. t,iKEN S.Vlt.MI. Old Satyr, The. A nicknamo given to C'b.irlis d.- Saini-I",vre- mond, one of till' wiis of the so- ciety of I'aris. Ilo lived i)art of the time in I'nulainl, and was l)ensi,.ncd b> Cliarlrs I|. JIo was a vc r.\ bands,. nie man; hi.S Idiie eyes sjiaii^lid wjlb bunior; hi' hail a braulilully turned mouth : a nol)le f.ireliead. the whilenes.s of which was set off OLD 260 OLD by thick dark eyebrows, was ex- pressive of great intelligence, but in middle life a wen grew between his eyebrows, which so changed all the expression of his face that he was called The Old Satyr Old Squab. So John Dryden is call( d in the jjoem On the Camp at noinitflow : Old Squab (wlio's sometimes here, I'm told), That oft has with his prince made bolil, Called the late king [James U.] a sant'ring cuUv, To maa;nifv the Gallic bully [Will- iam II I.J. Old Stars. A nickname given to Gen. Ormsby McKnight Mitchel by his troops, on account of his reputation as an astrono- mer. Old Stay-Maker. A nickname given to Chief Baron Alexander Thomson, who was accustomed to check witnc sses by calling out, "Stay, stay! " Old Steady. A nickname given to General James B. Steedman. Vid. Shanks, Personal BecoUec- tioDS of D ititimi uished Generals (p. 27(i). Old Stone. A sobriquet bestowed on Henry Stone, a painter of the seventeenth century. Old Subtlety. A nickname be- stowed by Anthony "Wood on "William Fiennes, first Viscount Saye and Sele, ^\Ilonl Clarendon has described as " of close and reserved nature, proud, morose, and sullen, of a mean and narrow fortune, of great i)arts, and of the highest ambition." Vid. You\G SiBTLprrY. Old Tecumseh. So General William Tecumseh Sherman was nicknamed by his troops. Old Thad. Tliaddeus Stevens has been so called. Vid. Perley Pooro's licniiiiiscenccs (ii. 101). Old Three Stars. A nickname given to G(Mieral Grant by his soldiers, " that number indi- cating his rank as lieutenant- general." Old Tip. William Henry Harri- son has been so called. Vid. Perley Poore, Reminiscences (i. 231) : Here (to drop for a moment my liquid rtgure) each and every indi- vidual is presented and received with a gentle shake of the liand, and is greeted with that " smile eternal " which plays over the soft features of Mr. "Van Buren save when he calls to mind how confoundedly Old Tip chased, caught, and licked Proc- tor and T<'cumseh. Old Tommy. A nickname be- stowed by his troops upon Thomas C. Devin, the command- er of Devin's Brigade in the War of the Rebellion. Vid. "Whittaker, Life of Custer (p. 250). Old Tony. A nickname given to Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftest)ury. Vtd. \\-ilkius, Po- Utic(d Ballads (i. 227). Old War-Horse. A nickname bestowed by his troops u[)on Thomas C. Devin, the command- er of Devin's Brigade in the War of the Bebcllion. Vid. Whit- taker, Life of Caster (p. 25t!). Old Wig's. A nickname given to Sir Jeilrey Dunstan, one of the mayors of Garrat, from his prac- tice of buying those articles and reselling ilieui at a inotit. Old Wrinkle-Boots. A nick- name gi\(Mi to Browne Willis, an emim nt but eccentric an- tiquary. His i)erson and dress were so singular that tliough he had an income of 1000 a year, he w;is often taken for a beggar. An old leathern girdle or belt always snrrcaiiideil the two or three coats he wore, and over them he iiad on an old blue coat. He wori^ very large boots, patehed and vamped till they were forty years old ; they were all wriidiles, and did mt come half-way up his legs. He rode in his " wedding cliariot," whicdi had his arms on brass jdates OLD 2(>1 ORA about it, was painted black, and not iiTilike a cottin. He was as remarkable for bis love of tbe struclure of cburcbcs as for bis variaiKC witli the clergy of bis nei(>iiic Icaniid men of (Icniijiiiv, Fraiici-, and Italy iMi- titli-d llu- ( hiiiii^cious Uoctor, socrat- irally dcclaiiiiclli :ij.Miii>t the vanity of .-liciiciv, aiilo little as a IJlacke ISelhvether, buttheonly Unicorne of the .Mu-e-. Oracle of Good-Sense, The. An epithet e, who was to be for two centu- ries the niixhl of French poets, who in |)articular fathered tbe modi-rn ode in as true a sense as that in which Horace created the l.alin alcaic and sapphic nulre, was not williout his xhool in his own life- time. He li\ed long eiiougli to see Ills leachiM^' bear fruit, and to find his jirinc iple- in-i-ted on b\ as nianv iliM-iph-- as ibo-e who bad followed in Ibe step-, of lom-ard. Oracle of Law, The. A natne given to .Sir IMw.ird Cuke, who considered the cciiiiMion law the absolute jierteetiou of all reason. Oracle of the Church, The. .V title frcfiuenlly applied to St. Ileruard. Orange. .\ charactt^r in I!en .lonson's /.'/'/// .\foii Out of Ills 11 111 nor, draw n to s.il iri/.i' Thom:iS Dekker, the Knuli-h dramatist. Oranpre-Peol. A niekniimegiven to Sir lo.hert reel when chief secretary hu- Ireland, from ISPJ to ISls, on aec oiint of bis anli- Catholic lelideuc)e>. Orator Bronze. A name given to John Ilcnlcv, at an imagiiuuv ORA 262 ORO meeting of the political Robin Hood Society, reported in The Gray's Inn Journal (London, 1753; No. 13). Orator Henley. John Henley, above referred to, is best known by this sobriquet. He gained it from being distinguislied as a lecturer on questions of the day. Pope calls him Thk Zany of His Age. Orator of Free-Dirt, The. A term of contempt applied to George W. Julian. Vid. Julian, Political Bccollections (p. 81) : The charge of" abolitionism" was flung at nie everywhere, and it is impo^isible now to realize the odium then attaching to that term by the general opinion. I was an " amal- famationist " and a "woolly-head." was branded as the " apostle of disunion " and the " Orator of Free- Dirt." Orator of the Human Race, The. Johaun Baptiste, Baron von Clootz. Vid. Anachaksis Clootz. Orestes of Exile, An. A name given to ^Matlaiue de Stael. Oriana. So Queen Elizabeth is called in the madrigals published in KiOl and entitled The Tri- umphs of Oriana. Ben Jonson applies the title to Anne, the queen of James I. Oriental Homer, The. A sobri- quet sonu'times bestowed upon Sheik Moslehedin Sadi, who flourished in the thirteenth cen- tury, and was one of the greatest of Persian poets. Orlando. A character in Dib- din's Bibliographical Decameron, and also in his Bibliomania, or Book-Madness, drawn to repre- sent Michael ^Yoodhull, an English translator and poet. In the latter work (p. 140), the author says: Orlando had from his boyhood loved books and book reading. His fortune was rather limited; but he made shift after bringing up three children, whom he lost from the ages of nineteen to twenty four, and wtiicli have been recently followed to their graves by the mother who gave them birth he made shift, not withstanding the expense of their early education, and keeping up the reputation of a truly hospitable table, to collect, from year to year, a certain number of volumes, ac- cording to a certain sum of money appropriated for the purchase of them; generally making himself master of the piincipal contents of the tirst year's purchase before the ensuing was placed on his shelves. Orlando the Fair. A nickname under which Steele, in The Tat- ler (Nos. .50 and 51), describes Robert Fielding, lielter known as Beau Fielding {q. v.). Ornament of Italy, An. An apiiellation bestowed on Cardi- nal Guido Bentivoglio, cele- brated in literature as a histo- rian and in politics as a cautious statesman. Orosmades. So Richard "West nicknamed Thomas Gray while they were at Cambridge to- gether, " because he was such a chilly mortal, and W()rshipi)ed the sun." West himself was known as Favomus (q. v.). The following extract of a let- ter from Hi race Walpole to West, dated Nov. 9, 1735, throws additional light on the sub- ject: Tydeus rose and set at Eton. He la only known here to be a scholar of King's. Orosmades and Alinanzor are just the same; that is, I am almost the only person they are acquainted with, and con se(}uently the only person acquainted with their excellences. I'lato im- proves every day; so does my fi-iend- ship with him. These tlirce divide my whole time, though I believe you will guess there is no quadruple alii ance; that is a haiipiness which I only enjoyed when you were at Eton. Tydeus is Horace Walpole, and Almanzor is probal)ly Thomas Ashton. " 1 would hazard the conjecture," says iSIr. Gosse, "tliat I'lato is Hetiry Coventry, a young man then making some stir in the univer- sity with certain semi-religious ORP 263 0X0 Dialoriiiea. lie was a friend of Ashton's, and iirodiioed on Hor- ace Walpolo a very startling; im- pression, causing in that vola- tile creature for the tii-st and only time an access of fervent piety, (liirinj^ wliieh Horace ac- tually went to read the 15ible to the prisoners in the Castle jail. Very soon this wore otf, and ('oventry himself became a free-thinker, but Ashton re- mained serious, and, takini^ orders very early, driip[>ed out t)f the circle of friends." Orpheus of Arabia, The. A nickname j;i\en to Abu Xasr Mohammed Al Farabi, who was also a celelirati (1 jihysician. When at court he joined a haiul of Uiusicians and accompanied them with his lule. The prince was deliiihled. and re(piesied to liear some of his own composi- tions. Al l''aral)i immediately ])riiduced one, uiiich he divided into tiiree ]iarts and distributed anions the band. Tlie first UKJvement, we are told, threw the sultan and his courtiers into a lit of excessive laufjhter; the second melted them into tears; and the last lulb'd even the ]ierliirmers tlii'inselves to sleep. Orpheus of Highwaymen, The. A nickname conlened on John (iay, on arcouni of 77/ />'< '///(//'.< 0/oet, but could sing, dance, and jilaj' on eight diift'ient kinds of nnisical instruments. Orsin, in Sutler's llndihras (pt. 1. ii. 147), reiiresents, acccu'ding to Sir Itoger I'Kstrange, Joshua (loslin, who ke|(t bears at I'aris (iarden, Southwark. Orthodox Beast, An. A nick- name given to Titus Oates. Vid. Wilkins, J'oltdral Ballads (i. Ostade of Literary History, The. A name given to Anthony \\'ood, the Knglish aiiti(iuaiy. on account of his ability to suiprise our judgment into admiration, his dry humor of honesty, and the breadth of his knowledge. Other Eye of Florence, The. An apjullation given to fluido Cavah'eiiti. the Irieiid of Dante, and an Italian scholar and poet of deoks, whdse patrons were the million, and the moral of PAL 265 PAR whose pictures is pointed by an unerring hand. Palatnon, in Si>enser's poem of Colin (Jloiil, is supi)o.sed to ho inteniled for Thomas Church- yard, tlie i()et. Paltry Dunghill, A. A nick- name i;i\ en to Sir John Hill hy Fifhiin;;, the novelist. Vid. Tinibs, ,1 Cealttnj of Anecdote ([>. 5.">.");. Pam, a contraction of " Pahner- ston," is a iiicivnanH! <;iven to Henry John Teiiiph', Lord Palnierston, tlie English states- man. Pancridge Earl. " Paiicridge " is a cdiruption of " Paneras," a parish near Lond'^n; the earl is one of the ridiculous personages in the hurli'sciue i)roeessioiis called Arl/inr'.s S/mir. WhtMi Hen Jdiison ha tale, an artist bv hi-- terms. (p. vj;. Papa Wrangel. .V name given to Friedriili Heinricli Ernst, ]>aron voii W'ranu'el, the I'russi:in general, hy the people of IJerlin, with whom he w.is a great fa- vorite. Pape des Huguenots, Le. or Till-; Hicii No I' I'oi'K, was a title LxiviMi to i'liiliiipe de Mor- na\-, the upholder of the French Protestants. Paper King, The. .V nickname gi'.fii to .lojin Law, the ileviser of the Mi-sissippi P.iihhle. Paper-Sparing Pope. So Swift called Alex.indi r I'ope, l.ccauso a L;ri-at portion of ihi' iiianuscri|)t of the translation of tlie //,.'./ ami (hlii^s'H was written upon the l)acks and covers of old let- ters. Paralytic Qunrksnlver, A. ,\n I'pitlulcoiilerredon (iahriel Har- PAR 266 PAT veyby Nash, in his Have with you to Saffron Walden (London, 15!Xi). Parasite of Genius, A. So Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her Pilgrimages to English Skrines (p. 105), calls Horace Walpole. Parent of English Verse, The. An epithet conferred on Edmund Waller, the English poet. Paris. A name given i)y Pope, in his Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, to Lord Jolin Hervey. Vid. Sporus. Parricide, The. A sobriquet con- ferred on John of Sualjiu, who umrdered Albert, liis father, af- ter which he became a fugitive from justice. Parricide, The. A nickname given to King Henry V. of Ger- many, because he drove his father from the throne and compelled him to abdicate. Parsley-Peel. A sobriquet ap- I)lied to Sir Rol)ert Peel, the English manufacturer. When a poor farmer, in his youth, he felt tliat some source of income must be added to tlie meagre products of liis little farm. He quietly conducted experiments in calico- printing in his own liouse. One day, tlioughtfully handling a Xiewter ])lale, from which one of his children had just dined, he sketched ui)on its smooth surface the outline of a i)arsley-leaf, and, filling this with coloring matter, he was deliglited to find that the impression could be accurately conveyed to the surface of cotton cloth. This was tlie first sugges- tion towards calico-printing from metal rollers. To this day Sir Robert is called in Lancashire Parsley- reel. Parson Abraham Adams, in Fielding's novel The Adcenti/n s of JdKi'iik A))ilrp>rs, is said to liave been drawn from the Rev. William Young, a friend of Fielding, and the author of an edition of Ainsworth'si/aiml'ic- tionary (1752). Parson Bate, the sporting parson and editor of The Morning Post in the latter half of the eigh- teenth century, was afterwards Sir Henry Bate Dudley, Rart. Parson Hale. So Pope, in his Mural Essiti/s (ii. 1!)S), calls Dr. Stephen Hales, the natural plii- losopher. The surname is ab- breviated for the sake of rhyme. Parson's Emperor, The. Charles IV. of Moravia. Vid. Der Pfaffen-Kaiseu. Partheusa, in Harrington's Oceana, represents (^ueen Eliza- beth. Parva Laus, or Little Laud, was a name bestowed by the wits of Oxford upon William Laud, owing to his short stature. Vid. jVIasson, Life of Milton (i. 263). Patelin. A name which was given to Francois Leclerc du Tremblay, better known as Father Joseph. William Rob- son, in his Life of Bichelieu (p. 387), says: Joseph was mild and insinuating in his manners, and, thougli licfspiiused the cardinal's interests wainily, he always spoke of liini with modera- tion; but when tliev deliberated to- gether upon the alFairs of govern- nu'nt, he always proposed tlie tirmest and most rigorous measures. Cha- vigne, in one of his letters to the Cardinal de hi Valette, sometimes calls liim Patelin, and sometimes jS'ero; designating by the one the ap- jiarent mildness of " his demeanor, and by the otlier the inflexible rigor of Ills chai-acter. Pathfinder. A sobriquet con- ferred on Major-(Jeneral John Charles Fremont, who conducted foiu' exi>editions over tlie Rocky Mountains between 1S40 anil ISoO. Patient, The. So Albert IV"., Duke of Austria in the fourteenth century, is called. Patriarch of Ferney, The. So Voltaire is called, be<\ause from the little village of Ferney, near Geneva, where Ik; had retired, he poured forth incessantly his PAT 267 PEA powerful invcrtives against the church and tlic {^overniiicnt. He is also al hided to as The Phi- LOSOl'HKK OF FEKNEY. Patriarch of Shifters, The. An epitlict ((Piifcircd on Kobert Greene. Vcl. Thf:(;kkknk .Mais- TKlt t)F THK Hla< KE AUTE. Patriarch White. A title be- stowed on Kev. .John White, rec- tor of Dorcliester, and one of tlie AV'estniinster Assembly of July, lU;i. Patrick Henry of New^ Eng^- land, The. A .sobri(|Uct be- stowed upon Wendell I'liillips Vi'l. lUin^'av, Oil'-llaiid Takiw/s (p. -fi). Patritio, in roj>e's Moral Kssnys (i. SI), is intended for Sidney, Lord (iodolphin. Paul of the Cross. .\ sobriquet given to I'.uil Francis, tlus founder of the l'a>sionists, ron- sistinu of , is a Sohrii|llet l)esti>\ved upon Pietro S.iipi, who discoverecl tlit^ curious valvular system in the veins tlial eontiihute totheein'U- lation of the blood, thus antedat- ing Harvey's discovery. His principal work is T/h- llialorii < .. ' wa- r. a I Iv sm^L;e-trd by an oiil invalid lady who lived in a VI ry n.irrnw street , and who amused herself by spec- // (i'lnii II. xi'ri-->l\ to lilllr bio- limsrjf. ad- niaua/iiiis. ulating on the neighbors, and identifying them, :i,s it were, by the sound of tin; knf)cks they gave. ' Hetty,' she would say, ' why don't you t(dl mc; what tiiat knock is at No. 54?' 'Lor', ma'am, it's only the baker, with the pies.' ' I'ies, Hetty 1 wiiat can they want with pies at No. 54? They had pies yesterday.' Tiiis is, indeed, the germ of Paul Pry." And he add.s, " It was not drawn from an individual, but from a class. I could mention live or si.\ jiersons who wert; con- tributors to the original iilay." Paulus Pleydell. A character in Scott's (jinj }[iiinii'rini/. Tiie original was Andrew Crosbie, a Scotch advocate, whose social qualities and great abilities ob- tained for himself not oidy a large ])ractice, but placed him in the front rank of the fashionable people of Edinlmrgh. Pausanias of Britain, The. William Camden has l>ecii thus named. I'tU. The E.nci.ish Stkabo. Pauvre Diable, Le, /. '., The Pooii l)i-.vii,. This name was ^i\en to l';iie-Cailierine Freron liy \"ollaire, who has imnuirtal- i/.ed bis name in a not very satis- factory satire in verse, with that title. Peaceful, The. .V title given to Kan'.,'-\vang, the third of the Tbow d\ na^ty of ( 'hina, in whosci ni^n. it is ^lud, nn oui- was either ]iut to death or iiiipi isoned. Peaceful Prolate. The. An epithet given to .lean I!a]itiste M.is-illon. i'.ishi'p of Cleruioiit, and a celi'lirati-d or.ilnr. It was his principle to avid .scand.il above all Iliint;-. wIhii ilie cliurch rule was lint infringed. Hiseiu'- mies could lind im fault with him niorallv.so, im- l.n-k of an\ other epithet, tiny ajipln'il this. Pearl of Zealand. The. .\ titlo bestowed on .Inainia Ci'omans, a Danish author. le/. (io.sse, PEA 268 PEO Literature of Northern Europe (p. 2(i:5)- Peasant Bard, The. So Robert Bums is frequently called, he having followed the plough at one time. Peasant of the Danube, The. A name given to Louis Legendre, a member of the French National Convention and an active factor in the great French Revolution. Peasant Poet of Northampton- shire. The. John Clare. Vid. Thk Northamptonshire Poet. Peasant Poetess, The. A nick- name given to Janet Hamilton, a Scotch poetess, born near Shales, hut who spent most of her life in Coatbridge. ^Vriting was an art she had not accom- plished, so when she had com- posed her verses, her children wrote them down ; but as her inspiration grew stronger, she felt that she must herself write down her thoughts, and by the age of tifty she had taught her- self to do so, though her penman- ship was a crude imitation of I)rinting, more like Hebraic characters than letter-press. Her imagination had been tired by Shakespeare, and she had a re- markable memory, which assisted her greatly after she became blind, ^^hich happened in her sixtieth year. Many of her poems are exceptionally fine, and some are considered equal to Burns. Pedagogue, The. So his adver- saries derisively styled John Milton, according to Philliiis. Vid. Classen, Life of Milton (iii. erw-ii). Pellean Conqueror, That. So ISIilton, in Panidise Jicf/ained (ii.), calls Alexander the Great, who was born at Bella, in Mace- donia, Penciller "Willis. A name given to N. 1'. ^^)llis, on account of his PcnciUtiuis bij the. Way. It was iiii]ierfectly said by (Iparten) peuciller Willis of Captaiu Murryat's nautical novels, that they coold scarcely be entitled to rank as literature. Maginn. Penniless, The. A title given to A\alter, one of the leaders of the first crusade. Vid. The Her- mit. Vid. also The Bennyless. Penniless, The. Maximilian I. Vid. BocHi Danari. Pennsylvania Farmer, The. A name given to Jolm Dickinson, the author of Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the In- habitants of the British Colonies (17(;8). Pennsylvania Pilgrim, The, the hero of Whittier's poem of the same name, was Francis Daniel Bastorius, the founder and first settler of Germantown, Beinisylvania, in 1(J84. Pennyless, The. A nickname given to Frederic IV., of the House of Austria, line of Tyrol. No prince of the Austrian enipire ever suljmitted to such indigni- ties or experienced such degrada- tions as he when he submitted to the mercy of Sigismund. He was detained in Constance, treated like a culprit, watched like a i)risoner, tlireatened with very severe ]nnnshm(>nts, de- serted by all, ami deprived of almost tlie necessaries of life. He tinall}' regained his jiower, and bj' a rigid economy, hea\^ taxes, and the contiscatiiig of the estates of rebellious Ambles, amassed a considerable treasure, but was always aifected by the nickname which was given' him in his destitute state. Pensioned Dauber, The. A nickname given to William Hogarth, by his enemies, after he had become the king's ser- geant painter. People's Friend, The. So Robes- pierre styled liimself. Vid. The LiVTNO Soi-HISJI. The title lias been also bestowed on ])r. William Gordon, the jjliilanthropist. PEO 269 PER People's Kin^, The. A nick- name tonferrod on Menii, Due do Guise, tlie French general, statesman, and governor of Champagne. Tliis name was given him by the; i)eoi)le of France, where lie wa.s becoming more and more popular, while tlie nominal king, Henry III. was becoming more and more contemi)til(lc by his inlishe(l gi-eat results be- e;iuse he not only worked hini- self, but inspired others to follow his example; he orgainzed brolli- erlii'ods of charity, and associa- tions, both of uicu and women, for \ :it ions j;ood works. During the li'iiL,' .\ears ol' war he and his fnllowers were found in Lorraine. I'ieardy, Champagne, and where- ever th(! need was greatesl. extendini: charity to relieve llie enniriious misery of the times 'I'he alio\e epithet is found in a letter addressed to him, from M. de la l''oiis, lieutenaiit-u'eii- I'ral of the eitv of .St. (,>ueiitiu, l(i.'>l, and publislied in Feillet's ],(i Mi.^rn (III f> iii/iy - 250), which says: There are some even who own property to the amount of more than two hundred tliousaud crowns, and who just now have not a piece of bread, but have bej-n fa.sting for the last two (lays. All this, considerinj; the poshion 1 occupy, and tin- knowledge I liavt! of "the state of things, urges me to entreat you .still to remain the father of your country ; to preserve the life of so many poor, sick, and perishing whom your jiriests attend, aud they do it most worthily. P6re de la Peuple. Le. Louis XII. of France. P6re des Lettres, Le. Fran(;'ois I. of France. I'id. Thk Fathkb OF Lettuks. P6re Duchesne, Le. Jacques llent- H(5h( rt. Vid. Fathek Duchesne. Peregrine Pickle, the hero of We Adri iitiins of Pirir/rine I'i'-klc, a novel by Smollett, is a caricature of ]Mark Akenside. Disraeli, in his (.'idamitics of Aiiilinr.<.w.i\^: I'i(|Ueil with .Vkensiile for some retliitiiins M^rainst ."Scotland, .'Smol- lett has exhiliited a man of great frenius ami virtue as a most hidi- cnnis personage; and wlio can (li^criniinate, in the riiliculoii> physician in Peregrine Pickle, what IS real fmni what is iieIitiou<. lie has seized on the romantic eii- tlui>ia~ni of .\ken>ide, ami turned it to the cookery of the am-ients. Peretto. .\ nann- bestowed on I'ietro I'omponazzi, tlie Italian philosoiiber, on account of his small stature. Vid. Symonds, lit iiiiissiiiir, ill Itiih/ (pt. ii. ca]). xvi.). Perfect. The. A name L;iven to .loliu II., Kiii'^of l'ortui;al in till' latter iMrt of the fifteenth cen- tury. Perjur'd Prince, A. .So Pope, m his .!/:;,(/ F.-soi/f. (i. ,S, who wore in liis hat a leaden imago of the N'irgin Mary, ami when be swore by the same he feared to break his oath. PER 270 PET Persian Alexander, The. A title given to Sandjar, one of the Seljuke dynasty of Persia in the twelfth century. Persian Anacreon, The. So Mohammed Hafiz, who flour- ished in the fourteenth century, was called. Pert.Prim Prater of the North- ern Race, A. So Churchill, in The RoscUul (line 75), calls Alexander Wedderburne, Lord Loughborough . Pestleman Jack. A nickname given to John Keats, the poet, by JVLaginn, in his Idyl on the Bottle, where he says: Thanks be to thee, Jack Keats; our thanks for the dactyle and spondee, Pestleman Jack, whom, according to Shelley, the Quarterly mur- dered. Keats, while a boy. was ap- prenticed to a surgeon. Peter Mac-Gra-wrler. A char- acter in Bulwer's Paul Clifford, and a caricature of William Ma- ginn. ^Mackenzie, in his Works of William Maf/i)in, says : Although avowedly a caricature of a well known book-reviewer and censor-general in a literary weekly Eaper of the time, it may also have een written with some idea of Ma- ginn's slashing notices of literary people and tlieir productions. Peter o' the Painch. So Sir Walter Scott nicknamed Pat- rick Rot)inson or Kobertson. Vid. Pkvkril ok the Peak. Peter Paragraph. A nickname given to (ieorge Faulkner, an alderman and printer of Dub- lin. Peter Pith. So Byron, in I)o7i Juan (xvi. 21), calls Sidney Smith. Peter the Headstrong. A nick- name given to Peter Stuyves- ant, the last Dutch governor of New York, by Irving, in his Knickerbocker History of New York (bk. v. chap, i.), where he says: Nor did this magnanimous virtue escape the discernment of the good people of Nieuw-Nederlandts; on the contrary, so high an opinion had they of the independent mind and vigorous intellect of their new gov- ernor that they universally called him Hardkoppig Piet, or Peter the Headstrong a great compliment to his understanding. Petit Albert, Le. A title be- stowed on Albertus Magnus, on account of the diminutiveness of his stature, which was said to be on so small a scale that when he, on one occasion, paid his respects to the pope, the pontiff suii])osed he was still kneeling at his feet after he had risen up and was standing erect. Vid. also Notes and Queries (1st ser. i. 385, 474). Petit Bernard, Le. A nickname given to Solomon Bernard, a Lyons engraver of the sixteenth century, on account of his low size. Petit Fils de Voltaire, Le. A popular name for Edmond xVbout, earned from the wit which flowed spontaneously and uiiin- terrupteclly from his lips. Petit Manteau-Bleu, Le. Edme Champion. Vid. The Little Bluk-C'loak. Petrarch of Catalonia, The. An ('ijithet given to Ausias jSIarcli, a Valencian poet. He Avas a disciple, but not an imita- tor, of I'etrarch. Sismondi, in his Literature of the Houth of Europe (i. 172), says: He has been called the Petrarch of Catalonia, and is snid to have equalled tlie lover of Laura in ilc- gancc, in brilliancy of fxi)ressii)ii, and in harmony; and whili', like him. he contributed to the formation of his language, which he carried to a liigli degree of iiolish and i)erfcc- tion, he possessed more ri'ul feeling, and did not suli'er lumself to bo se- duced liv a iias>ion for concetti and false brilliancy. Petrarch of France, The. A name given to Pi(rre de lion- sard, ilis poems consist of sonnets, madrigals, eclogues, ele- gies, odes, and liymns, and an PET 271 PHI epic called The Frunciade. His sonnets are constructed on the model of Petrarch ; his epic on that of Virgil ; his odt-s in imita- tion of Horace, Pindar, and Anac- rcon. Much is very excellent, but his classic affectations de- Rener.xte into pedantry, and many a good idea is injured by his Frenchified Greek and liatin. Petroniu3 of France, The. Claude Prosj)er Jolyot do Cre- billon is so( ailed from his novels, one of which, entitled Lii^ Kf/an- ineiis (Ik Vn-nr tt de I'Exprit, is alluded to by Sterne in his >icn- litncntal Jounu ;/. Petticoated Politician, The. alluded to by Trunibull, in his [)oem M' Fini/iil {w .), is intended lor Elizahetii Fery;nson, the daufrhter of Dr. Thomas Cira- ham. Peveril of the Peak. A nick- name ;,Mven to Sir Walter Scott by Ills family and his law asso- ciates. Ijockhart, in his Life <>/ Sir Walter Scott, says: One morrnnt;, soon after I'ereril eiiiiie out, one of our most famous wags (now famous for hit I er t 111 iijr-), namely Mr. I'atrick Itoliiuson, com. moiily I'allid hv tlif eudearinjr Scotch ' iliminutivc l'ft4-r," observed that tall euiiical white head udvanciii); above the crowd towards the lire- place, where the u>ual roar of fun was going on aiming the liriilhss, and said: " Mush, bo\ s, here comes old riveril; I s,-e the r.ak." .V laugh en-ued, and the (ireat In- known, as he withdrew from the circle, after a few minuter' go->i|), insi.-led that I shouhl tell him what our joki' ujion his advent had heen. When enlightem-d, \,\ that ti half wa\ ac'ro-s tin' hahhling hall" towards his own dix i-ion, he Inoki d round, uilh a -ly grin, and said, he- tuei'U his teeth "A\.a\, mv man. as weel l'e\eril o' the I'eiik n\\\ day a> I'l'ter o" the rainch" (ijaunch . Which, heing tran-ndlled to the hrelhren of the -tcve school, of I'onr-i' delighted all of them, ixcept their |iorll% ( Hrvphan-. I'.ut I'eti I's application -tuck to him to his d\ ing dav . Scutt w a-, ill the (Inter II oil-,', r.veiil of the I'eak, or ('hojien- hauer, the German philosopher. Viil. Saltus. The VlrHnsopliti of Ditir)irha)itin( nt. Philosopher of Forney, The. Voltaire. V/d. Tin; I'.vnnMun OF Fi:km;v. Philosopher of Malmesbtiry, The. So Bvron. in J>"n .Jiiiin (XV. iXil, call's Thomas Huhhes, the author of Liriuihan, iie having been Ixirn at that place. Vi'l. Tni. Mai.jiesiukv Phi- L()S()Piii:i{. Philosopher of Persia, The. A title given to Abnu Elm Siua of Pill 27a PHo: Shiraz, who riourishod in the | plain truths hv an inextricably eleventii century. ! onifrmatical expression. Tho Philosopher of Sans-Souci, | Quakeis liave borrowed a great The. A title given to Frederick many of their doctrines from the (ireat, who wa.s a disciple of j I'i"'- V'oltaire, and tlie author of 1 Philotas, the liero of th(^ tragedy several ])liil(isopIiical works. I of the same name hy Samuel Philosopher of the Arabs, The. ! Daniel, is supjuLsed to be in A nickname given to Abu Yusuf Alkendi. ['((/. Thk I'uoknix ok His Agk. Philosopher of the Christians, The. A name frecinentlv given to Plato. Philosopher of the Unknown, The. A title assumed by the French myslie l.ouis Chiu'de de Saint- .Maiiin. Philosopher of Wimbledon, The. .\ sobii,|uet e.inlerred on Jolni Home 'L'ooke, tiie autlurr of Thr n;r. r.sn,ns n/ Purl.,,, wlio resided at Wimbledon, in Surrey. Philosophic Bard, The. A ni,,,/,,. /,,;,/. .V .'a I id .1/7/'/- ilK lltS il'jililist W'I'lil . Philosophical Poet, My. So .lames I. ealird Sir William Alex.aniler. tiist ICarl of Siiiiinu. the author of h\ r,-. i,t;,.,,s iritj, ihr Mn..,s (|r,:;7). Philosophus Anprlorum. A -obrii|uel ronterred uu Athelaiij of lialh. by N'iureni of lieauvajs, .1 writer -if tiie tlurtecnth een- lury. Philosophus Teutonicus. A iiickiianie uiveii to .lari.li I'.o'liiiie, a ( IiMiiaii iii\st!c. 1 1.- kiK'W iio wrld but tliat of bjs own dreams : be >l rii\ e lo p. m-- trat.' tie- drrpe^t myslerb-- ..f Heing : :iud h.' a-~pir.ll oiil\- i.. the highest tnitli and to s.|f- iiistruetion. He possrs^r-.j ih>' grand arcanum <.f m\siif\iii^' tended for the unfortunate E.-iri of Kssex. Phoebe, in .John I'yrotn's jyastoral poem ('iiliii Kiiil I'/iii'he, is said to rei)resentJoanna. the daughter of Dr. Bentlcy, and afterwards the wife of IJishop < umberlaiul. Phcenix, This. So Dryden. in his poem On (he Ihath ol' /,.;/-/ /I'lsfiii;/.'^. calls the latter. He was the son of the Karl of Duntiiinton. and died before his father. Phcenix Among- Kings, This. A nickname gi\en to Frederick n.. I'hujX'ror r)f (Mimans, of whom Symonds. in his .v/.v ^7,, , (ii. p. ."-'). says: riie ^tIalll.'( lii-tor\ of Fre.lerick . . . would lie iiic\|]lii-al)le ucii- it uol tlial I'alcMih. .-till nveals in a!i licr 1 lion nine Tit < t he, ///// ///.-: Iufi w iiicli L'a\e >]iiritnal nnrliirc lo \\\i< |ili(v- nix anidiig king-. Phoenix of His .\g-e, The. A nickname g;\cii lo .\bu ^|isuf .\ Ikendi, ail .\iabi,in pli\ -iciaii, pbilosopber. and co:iMiieiitaIor. lie recei\(,| cNiravagaiii cn- coiiiiiiiiis fri nil iii> friciic^. '.\ iio called iiiiii Till-, I'liii 1 i^<)I'iii:k "I- I 111-: Ai; \r.s. Till-: ( ii;i:\ r .\s! i:cu (H,i:i:. etc. : but he was inii|U( siiniialil\- cinb.uci with iMl-c tai'iit-., and 'A a^ the :uillior ol mere tbaii I wi l.niaiieil w.nks ell pliile^,i|,|i\ ill general. lie was (me el t he I ai lb s! I laii^later^ and ( e:iiiiieiii.ii( r- of .\ris!..tli . and 111- 11. line 111. irks the lirst pbiles,,|,iiie,il revolt ag.nnst Islaiiiisiii. Phoenix of Literature. The. So (.iui-.;er|iiu--. ;lie bin uoma-ter o{ Ko-toek. lenile,! Ilii^,, (ireiius. Phcenix of thu World, A. So Niei'ol.i- I'.iet.ni. ill 111- Ei^ttiiph PHCE 274 PIN 071 a Noble Gentleman, calls Sir Philip Sidney. . PhcBnix of Wit, The. An epi- thet sometimes niven to Fran- cois Rahelais, whose coarseness, verging at times on profanity, and often on indelicacy, would have sunk his name into obliv- ion if his genius had not pro- duced a work which stands alone in the world's literature, his Gar- gantua and Panlar/7'ueL Physician, The, who is men- tioned in the Ohaldee MS. (ii. 21), is Dr. John Gordon, who died a young man. The allusion "neitlier was there any gall within him " refers to a work written by Gordon in 1807, and entitled The Stmcture of the Brain, comprising an estimate of the claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim. Physics. A nickname given to General Crawford by the Penn- sylvania Reserves, "he being a surgeon at the beginning of his military career." Picaroon. A name which Scott, about 1814, conferred on John Ballantyne, who wanted him to make known the secret of the au- thorship of Waverley. f7cZ. Lock- hart, Life of Sir Walter Scott. Picayune Butler. A name given to General Benjamin P. Butler in New Orleans. Vid. Kirkland, Pictorial Book of Anecdotes and Incidents of the War of the Rebellion (p. 97): It was tlie New Orleanaisc who gave tlie general his .sobriquet of Y'icayuni- JJutlor that being the well known iipitelhitive of tlie col- ored barber hi the basement of the St. Cliiirlcs. Piccadilly Patriot, The. A idcknanie given to Sir Francis Burdett. I'id. The Satiri.'^t (ix. 138). Pierce Pennilesse. This was the name of a work written by Thomas Nash. When he and Harvey had a quarrel, the latter ap])li(!d it as a nickname to the former in several of his works. Tn his Foure Letters and Cer- taine Sonnets (London, 1592), he says : Flourishing M. Greene is most wofully-faded, and wliilest I am bemoaning his over-pitteous decay; and discoursing the usuall success of such ranke wittes, Loe all on the suddaine his sworne brother, M. Pierce Penniless (still more palterv, but what remedy? we are already over shoes, and must now go through), Loe his inwardest com- panion, that tasted of the fatall herringe, cruelly pinched with want, vexed with discredite, tormented with other men's felicitie, and over- whelmed with his own misery; in raving and franticke moode, most desperately exliibiteth his supplica- tion to the Divell. Pierian Dick. A nickname given to Richard Harvey. Vid. lo PiEAx Dick. Pigmy Dick. A nickname given to Richard Harvey by Nash, in his J[are ivith you to Saffron. Walden (London, 159fi), where he says : Pigmy Dieke aforesaid, that lookes like a pound of gold-smith's can- dles, is such another Venerian steale placard as John was, being like to commit folly the last yeare in the House, where he kept (as a frend of his verie soberly informed me) with a Milke-maid. Pillar of Doctors, The A title bestowed by his admirers on William do Champeaux, a French philosopher, who flour- ished in the twelfth century. Pindar, Our. So Sir John (Cot- ton, in his lines In Memory if Mr. W). Pious, The. A title conferred on various persoiiajies, to wil : The liuiiian emperor Antoni- nus, so called because; lie ro- ((ue.sted that Hadrian, his adojited father, might be classed among tiie gods. Ernest I., founder of the I louse of (Jotlia. Robert, the Sun of Hugh Capet Krik IX., King <'f Sweden in the twelfth century. Pious. The. A nickname gi\en to .Major-(!eneral I'liilij) Skip- poii, a privy councillor in l(i.").'i, and in Iti.'").') " one of Cromwell's military satraps. a|>p()iiite(l to couiniand one of tlii' eltiven ilis- tricts into which Kii:,'land w:is divided in that vi'ar." Vtd. W'ilkins, Political Ikilbuh (i. I-.'S). Pious. The. .\ nickiKime given 1- \lli(>rt IV.. Duke of Austria. .\ Hi-r his ])ilgriniage to tin' Holy I.;nid. be spent much time in solitude, and ]>referrcd a sccpies- tcrcd life to the jiomp of his court. .\t one time he entered a monastery of Carlliusian monks and took an acti\c part in all their disciiiline and devotions, and whil(> tli(M(> no one \v;is more |iunct\ial than be at mai- 1ns :ini| vcs])ers, or more devout in confessions, prayers, and the divine service of tin; choir. Re- garding himself tis one of the fraternity, Ik; called himself Brother Albert, and left the cares of state to his cousin William, called Thp: Dklight- FUL (q. v.). Pious, The. A nickname given to Louis I. of France by liis con- temporaries. He was sincerely and even scrupulously jiious, but nt^vertheless more weak than godly. Piovano, II, i. e., "the Dean," was a nickname bestowed on tlio Italian humorist Arlotto. Piperly Poet of Green Erin, That. So Thomas Moore is called in the Nodes Ambrofi- ansc (iv.). Pitt's Loving Brother. A nickname given to Richard Crenville, Etui Temple, a I)olitical associate of William Pitt. Plain and Perspicuous Doctor, The. M'alter Burleigh. Vi,l. DocTOK Pl.vms ki Pkkspic-- luis. Plain Dealer, The. .\ title given to William Wycdicrly. from bis celebrated comedy of the same name. 'Pile Countess of Drogheda . . . iuijuired for 7"//' I'lnin Denier. " Madam," say> Mr. Kairheard, " >iiH'e you are for ' The IMain Dealer,' there he is lor vou," jJUsliinn Mr. Wvcherlv t(>ward< her. Cih- h.r, /.ires of the /'nrt.i in. 'r.-,'). Planet. A character in the old English iday called Jack Dnnn'.t Kilt' rtiiiiiun lit. iir tlie ('(lined n oleon. the origin of which is in dispute. Tlie most general version is that the prince obtained the nickname during the Crimean war. when he attrib- uted everv sound to the whiz- PI.0 POC ziiijl of a bullet, constantly re- I)<'ati!ig"Du plomb! l)ii plonibl" Afcordinfi to a corrcspoiuhMit of tlie S<-hiruhische Mi-rknr, bow- ever, tbc prince; was called Ploii- I'loii from Ills cbildliood. Tbis corresiKdidcnt says tbat sonic timo ajio be was told by Ilorr von Neuratb, late Minister of Wiir- tenibcr:^. tliat I'rince Naixilcon passed tiic earlier years of bis life at Stntti^art, and was a urcat favorite witli tbc late King Will- iam of Wiirtemberu. wbo nsed to amuse bimself by askin;; bis name, wben tbc young ]irin(e, wbo could not yet speak plainly, always answered " Plon-1'lon,'" inste;id rince became known as I'bin-l'lnii at Ibe Wiirtem- iicrg cnnrl. and tbe nickname bas sliK-k to iiini ever since. M. I'.iagi. tbe librarian of tbe National Library, l-'lnrcncc, dis- covered, a few years ago. some in- teresting nden(;e relative- to tbe Napi'lciin family, aniung otiiers a letiir wliicb .ferome. King of Westplialia, sent to bis daugbter Matbilda, afterwanls Diiclic'ss ,4 San Danato. Tliis document, dateil April .'.O, lS:;i, contains a sentence - " \\>\iv ruiisiiis and tbe daugbter of the ( t raud-l Micliess of liadeu bavc cii'neil nu' with a tiiuu- sand i'ir:iiiiU lor vourseH and for I'lon-l'lou." The /,./,/,-, calls attention Id tbis (lis<:o\ cry, and remarks thai the father of the prince evident l\ ga\e him the name by which be was afterwards popularly nicknanieris. calls Sir I'bilip Sidney, referring to the latter's geiu'rosity at the battle of Zuti'hen. Plumed Knight, The. A nick- Tiame giM'u to dames G. Fdaine by (,'(d. IngersoU, at tbe (Cincin- nati convention in ]S7(!, wben tbe latter unsuccessfully nominated him as candidate for president. In the (otu-.se of bis remarks Col. IngersoU said : Like an armed warrior, like a pliuiled klliirlil. .Lulled (i. Chuue iiiarihed down l!ic liall.- of the Ainer- icau ( 'miirress and threw Ids sliiniiijr 1. nice full mid fair against the hni/.en failililt of lii eoiintry anil iiialigner of its liouor. For the IJepiililiran party to desert lliat gallant man i- as though an .irm\- should di-cit their general iijion the IJil.l of hallle. Pochi Danari. II. or Tm. I'knny- i.i-".ss. A nickname given by tbe I 'alians to .\Liximilian 1. of ( ler- niany. \\lio, though bis po.vsi>- sions exceeded t hose of any other h'lit.^' r before or since his time, was always a fieguar. and. from his perpc-iually ni. iking war. wa^ always in hot water. He wa-- c.iiispii uoii-i for his marriages, and for his sons' and bis ^rand- ^ons' ni.irriaues. wliirh were al- ways ni.ide lor inoney or ter;i- tory. 1 {' felt no delicacy in .ap- piopi i.it iiig to his i.wn use tbat which was enirusii-d to him for otic r [iiirpcKcs. and there was no me.anness to which be would not stooji lor it. Something, bow- POE 278 POE ever, was done in his reign for his country, but done ratlier in his despite tlian at his bidding. Poet, The, one of the story-tellers in Longfellow's Tales of a Way- side Inn, was drawn to represent T. W. Parsons, the American poet. Longfellow thus intro- duces him in the prelude : r A Poet, too, was there, whose verse Was tender, musical, and terse; The inspiration, the delight. The gleam, the glory, the swift flight Of tliouglits so suciden that they seem The revelations of a dream. All these were his; but with them came No envy of another's fame; He did not find his sleep less sweet For music iu a neighboring street Nor rustling hear in every breeze The laurels of Miltiades. Poet and Saint. So Abraham Cowley, in his poem On the Death of Richard Crashaw, terms the latter. Poet-Bishop, The. A sobriquet conferred on Jeremy Taylor. Poete des Rois, Le, ?. e.. The Poet of Kings. A name given to Pierre de Ronsard, who was a favorite with Henri II. and Charles IX. of France, Elizabeth of England, Mary Stuart, and all the well educated people of his time. Henri Van Laun, in his History of French Literature (ii. 42), says: Mellin de SaintGelais, of whom the poet confessed he had been "tenaille par sa prince," called him, ironically ,"le roi des poetcs et le poete des rois," and lost no opportunity of satirizing luni. Poet-King- of Scandinavia, The. A sobri(jnet sometimes given to Adam (jclilcuschlager, the Dan- ish author. Poet-Laureate of Oxford, The, or Oxoxi.K J'oKTA Laureatus, is a title given to John Skelton. Warton, in his History of Enjjhsh Poetry, imagines that the king's laureate was nothing more than a graduated rhetorician employed in the service of the king, and is of opinion that " it was not cus- tomary for the royal laureate to write in English till the reforma- tion of religion had begun to diminish the veneration for the Latin language: or, rather, till the love of novelty, and a better sense of things, had banished the narrow pedantries of monastic erudition, and taught us to culti- vate our native tongue."' Poet Naturalist, The. Henry David Thoreau is so called by W. E. Channing, in the latters work Thoreau, the Poet Natural- ist (Boston, 1873). Poet of Greta Hall, The. A sobriquet conferred on Robert Southey, who lived at Greta Hall, in the Vale of Keswick. Poet of Kings, The. Pierre d-; Ronsard. Vid. Le Poete de.s Rois. Poet of Kissing, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Sir Philip Sidney, for his lines : Think of that most grateful time! When my leaping heart will climb In my lips to have his biding! There those roses for to kiss, Which do breathe a sugared bliss; Opening rubies, pearls dividing. Vid. Arber, An Enylish Gar- ner (vol. i. 4!I0, 577). Poet of Liberty, The. A nick- name given to Joliann Chris- topli Fricdrieh von Schiller, because liis hatred of despotism finds expression in every one of his plays, and in some of his other works. In Mary Stuart, Elizabeth's tyranny is unspar- ingly laid bare, in Wallenstein the einjierorand his servants are not painted in the liest light, the Maid of Orleans treats directly of a revolt against the oppression of a foreign conqueror, the Bridi of Messina pictures the destruc- tion of a powerful race which could not take root in a conquered land, while William Tell and Fiesco give the history of a suc- cessful struggle against tyranny ; and his freedom of speech in POE 279 POK The Robbers broufjht down on him the (li.si)h;asiire of the tyrannical duke of Wiirteinberg. Poet of Nature, The. So Shelley, in a poem, terms William Wordsworth. Poet of Poets, The. A name sometimes bestowed on Percy IJysshe Shelley, of wln^m Ma- caiilay said that "the terms ' bard ' and ' inspiration ' had a special signiticance whena])plied to him." Poet of Princes, The. A nick- namt! given to ("lement Marot, because he was so nmch esteemed by Franeois I. and his court. Poet of the Chase, The. A nickname given to William Somerville, on account of his poem The Cltasr, and bccaust; he was also a writer of poems on field sports. Poet of the Commonplace, The. .\ nickname 1,'ivcn to H. W. I.,on.;;fello\\ . because lit; gave beauty to the most common objects and inspiration to the most ])rosaic lives. The iilainest and most unpretending things touched by his hand have becouie golden, and his songs, which touch all hearts, have been like the sunshine, a comfort to the sorrowing. Poet of the Excursion, The. So Wordsworth is Itonsard, who jicrccivcd tlie iieiessity of elevating tlie tone of French \er>e abov( the < icep- ing manner of the alle:^, //./, /,/,'. ,-,/- I'll-'- (ii. :!7), says: riif counsel wa- i)laiiil\ ami nnli h ])iil : anil it wa< tlie counsel wliiih ynuii); rierre (le Kmisanl ki|il steadily liifore liiui ilurin^ the laliorious years in wliicli tie lielilni atelv prepareil hini-elf to be to I' ranee till- poet of lie- future. Poet of the Hollow Tree. So Swift, in his satire On I'oetry, calls Jjord (rrimston, the autlior of a i)lay called Love in a lloUum Tree. Poet of the Poor, The. .\ sohriijuet conferred on the Rev. (Jeorge ('rahbe, in the Noctex AmbrosianiB (xxi.). Vhi. Na- tuuk's Stkiinkst I'aintek. Poet of the Sword, The. So the Uussian general Miidiael Dimitrievitch Skobeletf was called. " Rather a high-Hown title; but that he was the poet of war, its enthusiast, there can be no d(jubt.'" Poet of the Vague, The. So Henri van Laun calls Ossian. Vid. Thk. N()i;Tnr,u\ Dantk. Poet-Priest, The. So Ryron, in his jioem .Jahii Kents, calls Henry Hart Milman. Poet Pug-. .\ name given to Ale.xaniief I'ope. from the frontispiece to an attack in rcj)ly to his own, called /'e Aler- tDi'lcr'x Sii]irriniii-ii (inil Jnfalli- bllitii Kxaiiiiiii 'l. It represents Poiie as a misshapen mimkey leaning on a iiiU^ of imoks. in the attitude adoi)ted hy .Ier\as in his ])nrtrait nf I'ope. Poet Squab. So the Earl of Kiicliester caned Drydeii, on accoiiiil of the lattei-'s corjui- leiiey. Poet Wordy. So Lord I'.vron, in lh,n .lit.i'ii (iii. liv.i); calls William Woidsw.oth. The original foini of the litie was: Wliv. tlieii. ril -wear, a- niotlier Word-u "11 li -wore. Poet's Parasite, The. So ("Imivhill. ill V'e />". hst (lii. 1S()>. ilesiunales \\'iliiaiu War- liuitMii. the eililiir .p1 I'upe. Poet'.H Poet, The. .\ n:imf fie(iueiiil\ L:i\eii 1.1 Fdmunii Speiiser, whii li.is .ilways been :t ta\urite with tlie ureatesl of lii-i snei es-iirs. Disraeli. :ii his Aiiu tiitiis )'" Lit' ruin . Na\s; POE 280 POI Poet of poets! Spenser made a jioet at once of Cowley, and once lent an elegant simplicity to Thom- son. Gray was accustomed to open Spenser when he would frame Thoughts that breathe, and words tliat burn; and Milton, who owned Spenser to have been his master as well as his predecessor, lingered amid his musings, and with many a Spen- serian image touched into perfec- tion his own sublimity. Poetical Charlatan, This. So Lord Byron, in a note to the dedication of stanza vi. of ])(yn Jxian, calls William Words- worth. Poetical Father of "Waller, The. A name given to Edward Fairfux, on account of liis intiuence over Waller. Pr(;scott, in his Biographical and Critical Miscellanies, says: Of Fairfax, the elegant translator of Tasso, it is enough to say that he is styled by Dryden the poetical father of "Waller, and quoted by him, in conjuncfiou with Spenser, as "one of the great masters of our lan- guage." Poetical Rochefoucault, A. A name g-iven to Sir William Davcnant, on account of the sententious force of his maxims, on all human affairs, which are introduced in his poems, and whicli could only have been composed by one who liad lived in a constant intevcoiirse with nuinkind. Poetical Spagnoletto, A. An epithet sometimes given to James Grahame, a Sc(jtch poet, on ac- count of his Birds of Scotland, published in 1800, in which he describes some liistorical iier- sonages hideously. Vid. Spag- NOLETTO. Pogonatus. Constant ine IV. Vid. TllK IIKAHIIEU. Poisoner, The. .Vn epithet ap- plied to the chsver, heartless, voluptuous coxcomb, Thomas (irifiiths Wain Wright, who about 1820 first appeared in the social life of London. I'.ut little is known of his life previous to his appearance, but it was supposed he had been an officer in tlie Dragoons. He now conde- scended to take a part in period- ical literature, with the careless grace of an amateur who fidt himself above it. His writings in the London Magazine, under the pseudonyms of Janes Weathercock and Vinkboonis. which did not disgust so mucli as they amused, were character- istic of the man, a fluent, x)leas- ant, egotistical coxcombry, then new in English literature, lov- ingly illustrative of self and its enjoyments, and adorned with descriptions of liis appearance. His associates were Charles Laml), who called him "liglit- hearted Janus Weathercock," and that coterie of wits and au- thors who made literature and society bright and lively. His good-natured though pretentious manner, his handsome though sinister coitntcnance, and his smart conversational powers opened the doors of fashionable society to liim ; but how tliis vapid charlatan in Itis braided stirtout, his jewelled lingers, and liis various neck-handkerchiefs, could so long veil liis real char- acter from and retain the regard of such men as Procter, Tal- fourd, and Coleridge is remark- able. He was an habitue' oi the opera, a fastidious critic of the ballet, a lounger in the parks, and ranked among the foremost visitors at the pictorial exhibi- tions. An artist liimself of no mean ability, he seized on tlie critical department of the tine arts in The London Maf/azine, undisturbed liy the presence of Hazlitt, tlie finest critic of the time, and wrote the most dis- dainful notices of living artists, set olT by fascinating references to his ublication, died after a short illness. Wainwright re- ceived the pniperly, and was not long in spending it. His custom was to etTect insurance policies on the lives of his rela- tions, and then, after the i)roi)er time, administer poison to his victims. On the life of Helen Krances Phebr AbtTcrombi*', liis si>ter-in-iaw, he elTected an in- surance of fls.oOO. About this time so many lieavily insured laiiies dying in convulsions drew attention to the gentleman who always called to collect tiie money, and the Iuij)erial Coni- |i:my resisted his claim. He commenced an action against tht! company. The reasuu for resisting payment was tin; allegeil ground of decejiiinu. I!ut tiie counsel went furtiier; ami so fearful were the aileuations on whicli he rested his di fence that the .jury were jx'tritied, and th(! judge shrunk agliasi fn>iii the imidicated crinu'. Tiie for- mer separated, unable Id agree; while the latter said a criminal and not ;i civil court should have been the scene of su(;h a cliaru'c. Meanwhile, Wainw right h.id tied to France. At Houlognr he lived with an l^nglish otlicer, :iud while there his host's life was insured for i;.")(X)(). One jire- mium only iuid been paid, the otiieer dying a few nioiitlis afler th.i insurance was elTected. The night before be died Wainwright had insisti'ii on inaiorary restraint, and led to his being confined six months. During his stay in France, a forgerj' of his on the Bank of England had been discovered. In 1S;'.7 he ventured to London, intending to renuiin only forty- eight hours. In a hotel be drew down the blind and fancied him- self safe. For a moment he for- got his habitual craft. A noise in the street startled him, and incautiously he went to the window and drew back the blind. \X that very moment a passer-by caught a glimpse of his countenan<'e. and exidaimed: "That's Wainwright. the bank forgerl " Information was given to Forrester; he was arrested, and founil himself in a fearfid jiosi- tion. The iiuotion then arose whether he should be tried for fraud against the insurance coni- [lanies, for muider, or whether advantage slu)uld be taken of his f(U'gery on the bank to procure his e\]):itri:ition for lif<;; but it wa-; eon^idc icd advisable to try him lor ioru'iy. The plan was carried out, tin- <'a)iiial jiunish- meni was foregone, he w;is found guilt\ of forgery, and was eon- deiiiiied to t rau^poitiition for life. Ili^ \aiiil\ never forsook him. I'veii in Newgale he niaint;iineti his assumption, triuinilnng over his Companions by \iitue of his Clime. Tiuy think I am here for eiO.UHl," lie wid;e to of his friends, "and tlic\v respect nil-." He [loiiited the intention POI 282 POL of another to the fact that while the remaining convicts were com- pelled to sweep the yard, he was exempted from the degrad- ing task. Even here his super- fine dandyism stuck to him. Drawing down his dirty wrist- bands, he said: " I occupy a cell with a bricklayer and a sweep. They are convicts like me. F^ut, by G , they never offer me the broom." In the convict ship this " polished Sybarite, who boasted that he always drank the richest Montepul- ciano, and who could not sit long in a room that was not gar- landed with llowers, who said he felt lonely in an apartment with- out a tine cast of Venus de Med- ici in it," this dandy scoundrel shrunk from the companionship of the men with whom he was associated, and his pride re- volted from being placed in irons without distinction, like them. "They think mo a desperado! Me! the companion of poets, philosophers, artists, and musi- cians, a desperado! You will smile at this no, I think you will feel for the man, educated and reared as a gentleman, now the mate of vulgar ruffians and country bumpkins." In 1842 he was an inmate of the General Hosjjital of Hobart Town, and petitioned for a ticket-of-leave, which was re- fused. Discliarged front the hos- pital, he set up as an artist at Hobart Town, where sketches by him still exist. His conver- sation to lady sitters was often indelicate. At that time his ('onv(>rsation and manners were wiiming, be was never intem- jH-rate, but grossly sensual and an opium-eater, while his moral character was of the lowest stamji. He j)ossessed an in- grained malignity of disposition, and he took pleasure in traduc- ing persons who had befriended him. I-'inally his sf>le friend and companion was a cat, for which he sliowed an extraordinary af- fection. In 1852 he was struck down in a moment by apoplexy, and died. He forms the groundwork of Dickens* novel Ilnnted Down, and was the original of Gabriel Varney in Bulwer's Lucretia. Poliarchus, the hero of Barclay's Arfienis, is intended for Henry IV. of IS^avarre. Polish Bayard, The. So Prince Joseph Poniatowski is called. Polish Byron, The. A title con- ferred on tlie Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. It has been said to convey " as correct a notion of the nature and the extent of his genius as any single epithet could possibly do." Polish Franklin, The. So Thad- deus Czacki, the Polish philoso- pher and historian, is named. Polish Voltaire, The. A sobri- quet bestowed on Ignatius Kra- sicki, a celebrated Polish author. Polite, The. So Alexander Pope, in his Prologue to Dr. Arbiithnot (line 13.")), calls George Granville, Viscount Lansdowne. Political Grimalkin, The. A sobriquet bestowed on V^an Buren by Clinton. 17'/. Perley Poore's Reminiscericeft (i. 218): Air. Van Hureii had an abundance of political nicknanii's. He was "the sweet little ft-llow" (if >Ir. Iiitchie of the liirhmond Inquirer. and " the Xorthern man with Smith- ern principles" of the Char/cftoii Courier; Mr. Clinton lia]itizc(l him ''the I'olitical Grimalkin"; .Air. Cal- houn, " tlie weasel ": while lie heljied himself to the still less tiattcring name of "tlie follower in the foot- steps" that is, the successor of his ])redecess()r, a sort of masculine Ma- dam fl!al':e. . . . Political Parasite, This. So Lord liyroii, in a note to the dedication of stanza vi. of Don .hid.v, calls William Words- worth. Politician, The, in Butler's Ifiidi- brdf (pt. 111. ii. "i.")l), is intended as a satirical portrait of Sir An- POL 283 POP thony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury : In IWK), A.sIiIpv Cooper was named one of the twelve members of the House of Commons to carry their in- vitation to the king; and it was in performing this service tliat he was overturned on tlie road, and received a dangerous wound between the ribs, wliich ulcerated many years after, and was opened when he was lord- chan'<'llor; hence, and from an ab- surd defamation that lie had tlie van- ity lo expect to be cliosen King of I'oUiiid, he was called Tapsky; otliers, from his general couduct, nicknamed liim Shiftesbury. Pollente, in Spenser's poem TliP Fdi'rie Qi(i:rn<', is intended for King Charles IX. of France. Pollio. So Dryden, in his Dedica- tion of the I'antnrals, culls Thom- as, Lord Clifford. Polyphile. A nickname given to Jean de I^a Fontaine, the Frencli poet anil f;ihulist. The name was given him by a circh; of har- monious spirits who met at the hdiise of Hdih-aii-Despreaii.x. Polypus. Wood, in his Atln-mn Orijiiii iisis, states that Leland gave this title to liohert Wak- feld, "noting thereby, by way nf Contumely, that lie was a cr.ifty man for craftily cnnveying away the Hebrew dictionary before mentiont^d." (l'\)r (xplanatiun see Wood's work, art. Wakfehl). Pomona's Bard. .So Thomson, in 'I'/ii >< 'isfnis {" \\\t\unj\ ") terms .John Piiilips, author of <'id> r, a poem in blank verse, and Tin SiiliHiliil Shillin poeiu on a flnn/'f i:l' Mush is (il n the strongest minds of Europe for centuries.'' Pope of the Huguenots, The. A. uiclvname given to Cardinal Richelieu, who overthrew the Huguenot party as a political power, but he secured for them a certain measure of religious toler- ation, which did not please the extreme Catholics. Pope of the Reformation, The. A name given tf) John Calvin, on account of his power over the Protestants. \'an Laun, in his History of Frtvcli Literature (i. 3.'>5), says : This Pope of the Keformation, su- preme anil infallible by his own con- viction and the assent of his disci- ples, who borrowed Home's method for propagating his creed, even to the extent of procuring the death of a brother-reformer. Servetus, had little charity to spare for those who refused to accept his own opinions. Pope's Kaiser, The. A nick- name gi\eii to Charles IV. of Germany, because lie was nomi- nated by Pope Clement VI. without consent of the electors. He v,as a bad ruler of Germany, for be sacriticed that country to his hereditary kingdom of Bohe- mia. Popinjay, The. .Vn ejiithet some- times given to Henri II. of France, on ai'count of liis foppish manners and liis love of dress and disiiluy. Popish Duke. The. A nickname given to James, Duke of York, afterwards King James II. Vid. Wilkins, Pnliticul Ballads (i. 199). Porphyro. This character, in Rianor, a novel by Elizalx'th 8he])])ard, is intended for Napo- leon III. Porson of Old English and French Literature, The. A nickname given to Francis Douce, on account of his memory and great knowledge of the lit- erature of Kngland and France. Portentous Cub, The. So Bentr- ley called Alexander Pope. Vid. Nichols, Illustrations of the Lit- erary Ihs'oni of the Eighteenth Century (iii. oo). Portuguese Cid, The. So Nunez Alvarez I'ereira, the gen- eral di])l(iniatist, has been called. Portuguese Maecenas of Arts and Sciences, The. A nick- name given to Emanuel I., Kini^ oi Portugal, who rendered himself remarkable by his zeal in the cause of education and morality, and his assistance to the arts and sciences. His reign has been called the Golden Age of Portugal. His exertions raised his country to the first na% al power of Europe, and the centre of the commerce of the world. Post-haste. A character in an old English plav called Histrio- ^fastiJ,' or Th'-^Ployrr Whipt. (KilO), perhaps drawn to repre- sent Shakespeare, of wliich Simp- son, in his School of Shakespeare (ii. p. 89), says: The theory that Post-haste is meant for .^halcespeare is very well borne out by the limning of tiie cliaracter due allowance being made for the fact that the limner of Post-haste draws in enmity tt> .Shakespeare. Po-t-haste is represented as being in manners a gentlennm (by compar- ison witli his rude fillows). but an ' ii])start " in reality, and somewhat of a bon-viraitt . In caj)acity he is sliown as of read\ and com|>relien- .-ive wit, witli great aptness for lead- ing and per.-uading (iilnTs. And ill lii.- literary st>le, we ai-c told, there is " no new luxiuw of blandishment, But plenty of Old England's mother words. All wliich, allowance being made for the writer's an (III. ii. -'), calls thoi'.ias Ed- wards, the author of (Idii'ird'ini. Milton, in his poem olitic Archibald, Maicinis of Ar;,'yle, he bi'iiii; wise, crafty, and full of de\ ices, in favor of Charles II., and iieverllielcss workiuLC for the welf!\re of Scot- land. Preserver, The. Ptolemy I. \'i'l. SolKIt. President Bob. A nicktinme };i\en to the versatile iiobert Spencer, second Earl of Sunder- land, "in whom," remarks Mac- anlay, " the political immorality of his aire was ])ersonitied in the most lively manner." ViJ. Wil- kins, J'vlitiad JJulkidx (i. 273). President je dis ca, Le, ?. e., " T1h> j.resident 1 say that." A nickname fjiven to Louis ('barton, president of the Parlia- ment of Paris, because he al- ways bcfjan and concluded his aryuments with the phrase "Je div (;u." Presto, meaning " quick," "swift," was a title given by the Duchess of Shrewsbury to Dean Swift, as she could not remember liis surname. Pretenders, The, to the crown of Knuland were two in nund)er, viz: .lames Francis Edward Stuart, a son of James II., usu- ally called Thk Old Pinn'EN- DKit, and sometimes Li:CnKV.\L- lEH DK St. (_Jeok(u;; and his son, Charles Edward Stuart, better known as Tiik Yol'.no ri:KTic.M)i;it, and also alluded to as Thk IJonmk Chkvaliek and Tni; Y()t'N(; C.vv.\liki;. John iJyroni sjiys: God bless the Kiiif;, " faith's (lefendei God l)less IK) hanii tlie Pretender. Who tliiil Treteiider is, and who is Kin^' God hle^^ as all I that's ((iiite an- other tliin;r. Prime Saint, Your. So Jolm 'rnimbull, ill his poem M'Fiir/dl (\.), e.-ills (ioveriior Thomaa 1 1 uichiii--' 11. Primrose, The Rev. Dr. Charles. A eharacti r in ( loldsiiiith's ]'iriir ,,/ W,il:, ri. /./, f. imded to a great extent ii|i"n i;,--,. I'.cnja- I mean the II bl( ssing mill ^\iKoIl of that jilace and in seveia Dr. I'rimrose. cheerful lo'.k shown bv Kev who wrou", i Ilie :om \',:,ii to ITill, W.IVS re-(>mbled Tl:'e br-lit and of Wak. lieUl is 'I'lioiiias Twining, ITTi'i. about its "peculiar clean and clieerful PRI 286 PRI appearance," adding: "I be- lieve they wash tlieir roofs and chimneys there." The vicar of such a place might be called Dr. Primrose. Prince Hilt. So the Due d'An- gouleme is called in the Xoctes AuibrosinnsB (x. Blackwood's, July, 1823). Prince in Music, The. So Fran- cis M(M-es,iii his Falladis Tamiu, calls Bot'tius. Prince John, referred to in the Nodes AmbrosiauiB (i.), is John Hunt. Prince John. A name given to John van Buren. Vid. Perley Poore's Rem I ni sec nee s (i. 471). Prince of Alchemy, The. A name given to Rudolf II., Em- peror of (Germany. Prince of Artists, The. So Al- bert Diirer has been called, on account of the improvements he made in wood-engraving. Prince of Beaux, The. A nick- name given to George Bryan Brunimcl during the time he was tlie leader of fasliion in Lon- don. Vid. Beau Brummel. Prince of Begg-ars, The. An epithet bestowed on Robert Greene by Harvey, in his Foure Letters and Certaine Sonnets (London, lo',f2), where he says: Truly, I have been ashamed to heare joine ascertayned reportes of hys most woefull and ra.scall estate; how the wretched fellow, or shall I say the Prince of Bejfgars, laid all to gage for some few shillings; and was attended by lice; and would pittifully beg a penny-pott of Mal- mesie; and coidil not gett any of his old acqunintance ti> comfort, or visite him in his extrendty. Prince of Bibliomaniacal Writers, The. A nickname given to T. F. Dibdin, who wrote many works upon biblio- mania, was very diligent, but not always accurate, and in some cases' had poor judgment. His works contain valuable and rare information, but in matters of detail are often far from being trustworthy. Prince of Bohemian Artists, The. A nickname given to Anton Rafael Mengs. His finest picture is the Nativity. Prince of Caricaturists, The. So George Cruiksliank is termed in the Noetes Anibrosianse, (xxix.). Prince of Castilian Poets, The. So Cervantes terms Garcilasso de la Vega. Prince of Coxcombs, The. Cliarles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, is sometimes so called. Prince of Critics, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled the rhapsodies f)f Homer in the second century before Christ. It has also been applied to Longinus. Vid. The Living Library. Prince of Dandies, The. A nickname given to Matthew Gregory Lewis, the novelist, by Giltillan, in his Life of Sir ^y^aUer Scott, who says : In poetry he is a good imitator of the worst style of a very ingenious but fantastic school of Germans. To many even then it was a matter of astoiushment how a ludicrously little and over-dressed manikin (the fac-simile of Lovel in Evelina), with eyes projecting like those of some insects, and Hattish in the orbits, should be the lion of London literary society, and how the Prince of Dandies should have a taste for the weird and wonderful, and be the first to transfer to iOnglish the .spirit of some of tlie early Cierman hards. Prince of Demagogues, That. An epitliet applied to James L. Orr by Andrew Calhoun. Vid. Lossing, Fictnrial Jlistory of the Civil War (i. 147): Orr's views seem to have under- gone a change. In a letter to the editor of the Charleston Mercury, dated .Ian. 24, 1n5s, Andrew Calhoun said: "I found, on my return to tliis state, that Orr, that prince of demagogues, had, by all PRI 287 PRI kinds of appliances, 8o nationalized public opinion about lierc that sentiments are habitually uttered suited to the meridian of Connecti- cut, but destructive to the soil and ancient faith of the State. Prince of Destruction, The. So Tamerlane is called, because his victories were always attended with great devastations. Prince of Gossips, The. Samuel P('[)ys. lie earned the sobriquet from his celebrated Diary. Prince of Grammarians, The. rriscian calls Apollonius of Alexandria " (irannnaticorum I'rince])s," as he was the first who reduced grammar to a system. Prince of Historians, The. So Field terms A. tie Merrera, au- thor of Tite General JIi.stor>/ of the Vast Continent and Islands of Ameried (172")), "a perfect treasure-house of the most valu- able details regarding the original state uf tli<' religion and maimers of the Indians." Prince of Hypocrites, The. A title b( slowed on Tiberius Cu'sar, who indulged in the greatest vice and debauchery while affecting a great respect for morality. Prince of Italian Poets, The. So Francis Meres, in his /'a//a(i(.s Tauiia, calls Petrarch. Prince of Letters, The. So Claudius Salniasius is styled in the J{it/ii Sani/ii.inis Cl'iiiKir ad CcpJum (/(Irersns I'arrieidas An- oli'-anos (ICVJ). ]'id. .Masson, Life (>/ Miltnu (iv. 4,V)). Prince of Liars, The. Cervantes called the Portuguese traveller Ferdinand Meiide/. I'into by this name, due to the extraordinary ad\cntui-es recorded in his liouk oi' travels (1(171). In 77/ Tml, r he i-j referred to as a in. in "of intinitf! adventure and un- bounded iiiiaginaiii)n." Prince of Lyric Poets, The. So Driden, in his preface to the Second Miscellany, terms Pin- dar. Prince of Lyrical Roman Poets, This. A nickname given to Horace, by Dibdin, in his Library Companiun , who says : I will not hesitate an instant in urging even the oldest of my readers, if he feel any glow of biblioniania- cal entliusiasm lingering in the usually torpid current of Ins veins, to let slip no opportunity of enrich- ing liis cabinet with a clioicc copy of tlie parent text of this prince of lyrical Koman poets. Prince of Music, The. Giovan- ni Pierluigi da I'alestrina, also called Thk I'iunxe of Musi- ri.\NS. Prince of Novelists, The. Henry Fielding. I'iil. The Shakkspeakk of Novelists. Prince of Orators, The. So Demosthenes is sometimes named. Prince of Painters, The. Par- rhasius, the (Jreek ])ainter, called himself by this name, but it has also been bestowed (m Apelles. Prince of Paragraphists, The. A siibri(|uet bestowed uixiii Horace Creelev. Vid. Bungay, (Vf-lland Takii.'js (p. 2:'.7). Prince of Peace, The. An epithc't (Conferred on Maximilian 11. of Austria, with whom tlio desire of aggr.andi/.tMuent was but a secondary consideration, but the nuiiiitenanci^ of peace, which he deemed the greatest blessing he could confer on his l>eo]il", was the ruling principle of all his aetions. I'"'rom the adoption of this jirinciple, fJer- niany and Austria en )"> ed under him a series of years of .alini'St uninterrupted jieaei', while tli<^ rest of luirope was exposed to all the evils of civil ciuuiun;iiin, religious disccird, or foreign war. Prince of Podairrocruog, The. A name given to NVilHam Ma'_;iiin by Mael;en;-,ie, who says, in hi.s Wurks vf Ma jinn : PRI 288 PRI He was the very Prince of Peda- gogues he advanced his pupils so well, and grounded them so thoroughly, that their parents had every reason for being satisfied with their progress. Prince of Philosophers, The. So Plato issoiiietinies called. Prince of Physicians, The. A nickname wliich the Araliians gave to Abdallah ibn Sina. The Jews abbreviated his name into AiJBiisine, and he is known to Christians as Avicenna. Early in life he applied liimself to the study of philosophy and medi- cine, in both of which his prog- ress was surprisingly rapid. Besides physic, the range of his acquirements comprehended logic, morals, natural history, mathematics, astronomy, and theology. In his nineteenth year so much deference was paid to his judgment that he became vain and conceited. His literary fame drew the admiration of princes, and he was surrounded with flatterers. But his popular- ity was short. He left a multi- tude of writings, among wliich his system of medicine acquired the greatest reputation, and in the medical world he attained a celebrity rivalled only by the fame of Galen and Hippocrates. Prince of Poets, The. So Spen- ser is called on his monument in Westminster Abbey. Butler, in his IIt(dibrns (pt. I. ii. 243), designates Homer by this title. Prince of Poets, The. Joliann AV^olfgang von Goethe is fre- quently so called. Goethe re- lates his having received a letter from an English literary man who, in consequence of having seen him described in a Gorman periodical as the Prince of I'oets, addressed him as his Highness the Prince Goethe, AV^eiuiar. Vid. Tvittell's Liinnrj A(je (Feb. 24, 1877; p. 4.S5). Prince of Poets, The. John Milton has been thus referred to. Vid. Hutton, Literary Land- marks of London (p. 21;)). William Howift, in his " Homes and Haunts of British Poets," thus describes the liousc in I'etty France as lie saw it in 18(')8: It no longer opens into St. James' Park. The ancient front is now its back, and overlooks the fine old but house-sur- rounded garden of Jeremy Bentham. Near the top of this ancient front is a stone bearing this inscription, "Sacred to Jlilton, the prince of poets." This was placed there by no less distinguished a man than William Hazlltt. . . . Prince of Politicians, The. A name given to Nicholas Machia- velli, on account of his work Til p. Prill ce,-wh\c\\ was published when the study of political Iihilosophy was an uncommon theme. Prince of Portrait Engravers, The. A nickname given to Etienne Frt'dtH'ic Jjignoii, the French engraver, by Dibdin, in h\Si Antiqvaridn and Pirturesqve Tovr in France and Germany (ii. p. 330), who says: Lignon is tlie prince of portrait engravers. His liead of .Anie. JIars thougli, upon the wliole, exliibit- ing a flat and unmeaning counte- nance, when we consider tliat it represents tlie first comic actress in Europe is a masterpiece of graphic art. Prince of Princes, The. So Byron, in l)i>ri Jurni (xii. .34), calls George IV., King of Eng- land. Prince of Quarrellers, The. A nickname given to Pierre Ati- gustin Charon de Beauiuarcliais, who not only wrote plays, operas, and satires, but painted well, was an excellent musician, a go(Kl actor and mechanic, tofik jiart in commerce, was a success in politics and fiiianeial specula- tions, was a inagistrato, and first-rate duellist, and bad many quarrels both in court and in his social circle. Prince of Roman Poets, The. PRI 289 PRI A name frequently given to Virgil. Prince of Sacred Bards, The. Humer is tlius tiTiiied in C'hiroii to Acliilli-.s, a poc'in by llilile- bratid Jacob. Vid. JJodsley's OlontilT; wanted to nniti; in his own per- son tiie supreme tein]>oral as well as tlu! supremo sjiiritual power of Christendom, and to exercise his papal authority over the kingdoms of Europe. He was one of those dangerous ecclesias- tics in whoso downfall civiliza- tion exults. Prince of the Ode, The. A name l)estowed on the French jxiet I'ierre de Ilonsard. Prince of the Peace, The. So Charles IV. of Spain, in 179.">, called his jirime minister, Man- uel de (Jodoy, on account of his sei)aratiiig Spain and ICngland and forming an alliance with France. Prince of the Piano-Forte, The. \ title driven to the i)iaiiist l^ouis M. (iotlsehalk, in Vaitihi Fair (Oct. 11, ISili.'). Prince of tlie Sonnet, The. .loa'-him dn 1'. 'Hay, the I'rench ])oct, is so styled. Prince of Wit.s name givfu t^ held, on Hints, aiK The. A nick- I'li to Lord Chest. T- ai'(Miint ..raii. in his ll,il,,is itnd M' II (p'. la). wliiT.' he says: .lohii WM-i (anions utiout lii< wife's (lre>., ami cari'lcs^ (oiic-liiii;: lii< own ; wliena- llirharil who i^ not lialf as bail as hi-ior> ami .Mr. '. Kiau np. ri-sciit liim) was iiirliaps the most stipiThlv rcval ilanil\ that .vi-r sat on an laij.'li-h ttiroue; Cieorge IV. PRI 290 PRO was the mere Dandini to that Prince Ramiro. Prince-Robber, The. So Mrs. S. C. Hall, ill her Filgrimar/es to English Shrines (p. 44), calls Rni)ert, the third son of Fred- erick, King of Bohemia. Prince, the King-, the Emperor of Quavers, The. So Dr. Wolcot, in his poem Bozzij and Piozzi (ii.), calls Sir John Haw- kins, the author of The History of Music. Princely Surrey. So Drayton, in his Poets anil Poesis (1(!27), terms Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Priscian. A name under which Rev. Dr. Edward Craven Haw- trey, head master of Eton, is de- scribed in an article under Bibli- or/raphiana in a weekly journal. The Director, written by Dib- din (1807; p. 59), where he says : Priscian, tlie classical and the accomplished. IJooks are his " dear delij^ht"; and Bibles, among these books, the primary object of attrac- tion. The owner has a rare set of them such as, in a private collec- tion, are eclii)sed only by those at Kensington and Althorp. Prisoner of Chillon, The, the liero of Lord Byron's poem of the same name, was Francois de Bonnivard of Lunes, imprisoned for six years in the dungeon of the Chateau de Chillon, bv Charles III., the Duke-Bishop of Savoy, for "republican priu- cijiles." Probus. So Byron, in liis poem Ciiildish Ri'coUpctions, calls Jo- sei)h Drury, master of Harrow School at the beginning of the present century, Procopius of France, The. An ajipellation given to Victor Siri, who, though an It;ilian annalist, lived much in France. Ijike tlie Procopius of the sixth century, he published a sort of account of his own times, and was held in high estimation by the ruling powers, aud carried on an exten- sive correspondence with almost all the ministers of Europe. Prodigal, The. So Albert VI., Duke of Austria, is called. Prodigy of France, The. So Erasmus called Guillauine Bud^. Prodigy of Learning, The. So Jean Paul Richter called Samuel Hahnemann. Prodigy of Literary Curiosity, A. An epithet given to William Oldys, an indefatigal)le anti- quary, by Disraeli, in his Cariosi- ties of Literature, who says: I have now introduced the reader to Oldys sitting among his " poetical bags," his " parchment biographical budgets," his " catalogues," and his " diaries," often venturing a solitary groan, or active in some fresh in- quiry. Such is tlie silhouette of this prodigy of literary curiosity. Profound Doctor, The. Thomas Bradwardine. Vid. Doctor Pro- fundus. Prophet, The. A title applied to Richard Brothers, a fanatic, who announced himself as " nephew of the Almighty and Prince of the Hebrews appointed to lead them to the land of Canaan." Brothers, in 1794, published his Revealed Kiioivledge of the Proph- ecies and Times, and gained as adherents such men as Halhead, the Orientalist, and others. His actions at last attracted tlui at- tention of the British Govern- nieiit, and he was conunitted to an insane asylum for life. Prophet, The. Mahomet is called ' the Pro]ihet," .and Joachim, Abbot of Fiore, is also alluded to under this name. Prophet of the Syrians, The. So Ephraem Syrus, who liour- ished in the feiurih century, is called. Prose Ariosto, A. A name given to Mattliew Bandello, on account of his force and vividness, his sympathy with poetic situations and his unmistakable power to express them. J. A. Symondo, in PRO 291 PRO his Renaissance in Italy (v. 69- 70), says: It would miik<' -the orthodox Ital- ian critics shuddt'r in tlicir jfraves to iR'iir that he had l)fcn compared to Ariosto, y<*t a foreigner, jjiftfd with obtuscr si-nsil)ility to tlie rctiiu-nieuts of ItuUan diction, may venture tlie remark that Handelh) was a kind of prosi' Ariosto in the same sense as Heywood seemed a prose 81mkes- jieare to Charles Lamb. Prose Burns of Ireland, The. Anaiiif soinctiini'Sfiiveii toWill- iam C^arli'toii, on accoiiiit of liis peasant orij^in, liis varietl genius, his drudginL; life, liis conteiu])! for fraud anil falsehood, liis re- gard for IioMK^ atlections, and liis pictures of rustic life. Prose Homer of Human Na- ture, The. So 15yron calls Fielding. Prosper Marchand of Eng^lish Literature, The. A title given to .John Ni( liols, a literary edi- tor and collector of several works of great value to the stuilent of English literature. Vid. Di.s- raeli, Culnniitii s of Authnrs. Prosperity Robinson. So Will- iam ('(ddictt called \Mseount iiated two or more chaiacii rs in the same play. In retaliation, Foote published PRO 292 PUC a lampoon, in which he calls Churchill The Clumsy Curate OF Clapham. Proteus of the Stage , That. So "William Whitehead, in an Ode to David Garrick, calls the lat- ter. Proteus of Their Talents, The. So Ldi'd Bvron, in Cliilde Harold \ (iii. 106), calls Voltaire. Proteus Priestley. A nickname given to Joseph Priestley, be- cause of the variety of subjects upon which he wrote, and the number of works he published (141 in number, 10 in one year), by Mathias, in his Pursuits of Literature (dialogue first, lines 41-44), where he says: If I may write, let Proteus Priestley tell, He writes on all things, but on noth- ing well ; Who, as the daemon of the day de- crees, Air, books, or water, makes with equal t-ase. Proto-Rebel, The. A nickname given to William, Duke of Queenslierry, because he was tlie first Scotchman that recognized and took }>art in the great revo- lution of 1(W8. Vi'l. Wilkins, Political Ballads (ii. ()4). Protovates Anglise. It was this name wliich Robert Whitynton, or "Whittington, bestowed upon himself, " wbicli was much Stomached," says Wood, in liis At/unsB Oj-oniensis, "by Will. Harmon and W. Lilye, and scorned by others of his profes- sion, who knew him to be con- ceited, and to set an high value upon himself, more than he should liave done." Proud, The. Tlie following per- sons liave been thus titled; Otlio IV., Emperor of Ger- many. ATbrecht I., Margrave of Meissen. Tarquin II., King of Rome in the sixtli century R. C, was called " Superbus," meaning "the Proud." Proud Bolingbroke. A sobri- quet bestowed on Henry St. John, Viscount. Bolingbroke. Proud Duke, The. So Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, is called, because he would never allow his children to sit in his presence, and would only si)eak by signs to his servants. Proudest Boast of the Caledo- nian Muse, The. An ei)itliet which was given to Sir ^Valter Scott by Anna Seward in her letters. Proudest of the Proud. So Cliurchill, in The Roseiad (line 74), calls Alexander Wedder- burne, Lord Loughborough. Prussian Pindar, The. A nick- name given to Johann Gottlieb Willamow, who, in heavy dithy- rambs, attempted to glorify Fred- erick the Great as a prince, hero, and sage. Prynne of His Day, The. A nickname given to I'hilii) Stubbs, a rigid Calvinist, a bitter enemy of popery, and, like "William Prynne, a great corrector of the vices and abuses of his time. Pseudoplutarch. Under tliis name Milton, in his Pro Populo A)i;/li'(iiio Deferisid (cap. iv.), addresses King Charles. Publius Ovid. A character in Jonson's J'ortast( r, drawn to represent John ]\Iarston, the English dramatist, wlio was the author of Mitaniorj/husis of Piidi rri I'l/'/ntni- uin, in which he related how much he was enamourcil of and ludicrously jilted by the daugh- ter ()f a tailor in whose house he lodged. Pyrocles, in Sidney's .irrailin, is I)robably intended for the author llimself. VkI. AsTHofUKL. Python. A name given to Jolin l)ennis, on account of his exce.s- sive ]ietuhmce, temper, and tierce hatred. i'ld. Disraeli, (^uurrLU of Aulhors. QUA 294 QUE Q. Quack in Commentatorsliip, A. A name given to Bisliop War- burton. Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, says: I have here no concern with War- burton's character as a polemical theologist ; this has been the business of that polished and elegant scholar, Bishop Lowth, wlio lias shown what it is to be in Hebrew literature a Quack in Comnieutatorship and a Mountebank in Criticism. It is curious to observe that Warburton, in the wild cliase of originality, often too boldly took the bull by the horns, for he often adopted the very reason- ings and objections of infidels. Quack Maurus, in Dryden's pro- logue to The Pil'imn, is intended for Sir IJicliard Blackniore. Quacks of Government, The. So Butler, in his IJudibras (pt. III. ii. ;3;i;)), designates Sir An- thony Ashley Cooper, Messrs. Hollis, Grinistone, Anncsley, Manchester, Roberts, and others, who, ijereeiving that Richard Cromwell was unahle to conduct the government, thouglit it pru- dent to secure their own interests as speedily as possible. Quaker Poet, The. This title is given to Bernard Barton, the au- thor of Household Ver.'on her support, the eyes of every aspirant for court favor were tixcd on h<>r alone, and the dire<-tion of the atfairs not only of KiiLiland hut almost all Europe may l)e said to have been vested in her hands. Ifer rule, however, became intoler- able to the (|ueen, and the duchess, after rulim; the councils an S Alt \n by the politicians. Queen-Square Hermit, The. \ nickname t;i\c n to .lercmy liciill 1. uliii resided at No. 1. C,)iiei'n Square, London. Queen Zarah, in .Mrs. >[anley's Srrri t Jlis/nri/ o/ Qiicn Zurii/i, is intended fur Sarah, Duchess of Marll.orouuh. Queen's Favorite Physician, The. Sii Dean Swift fre(|uently calls Dr. John Arlmthnol. Quidnunc, the principal char- acter in Murjihy's farco The Upholslerrr, or W/mt Xcirs. Wius drawn from the father of Dr. Arne, and his sister .Mrs. ('ibber, who lived in Kinj; Street, C'ovent (JardiMi. Viil. also The Taller (No. l.V), I't xeq.). Quietist, The. A title bestowed on .Mif^uel d(^ .Molinos, the last n^viver of the peculiar sect entitled "Quietists." QuisquiUus. One of the char- acters of Dibdin's Jlihlioninnia, or Jli>o/i--M'i'liiis.'!, drawn to represent ene(l to t)e jiruitiMi in a more particular nwiinier than another; anil if till' ciiinpii-iiiir liaiipea to have Iransjiosfd or in\nn(i ill the reiiiainiiii; i-opies; if Ilie liajier liappin In In- nni'|iie in point of >\/t whithiT .\t'i.riinii or .\fii)iiiiii, oh, then, thrill' liapiiy is (^ni-'|iiiliii-. Quixote of the North, The. So Charles \ I L, K iii^ of S\\ cden, is termed, on account of his erratic movements. KAB 296 RAL E. Rabbi Smith. A title given to Thomas Smith "for his great skill in the Oriental tongues." Rabelais of Good Society, The. An epithet sometimes given to Dean Swift. Rabelaisian Doctor, The. A nickname given to Guy l^atin, a French physician, wit, and free-thinker. It was said of him that he was satirical from head to foot. His hat, collar, cloak, douhlet, Irose and boots, in fact his whole costume, were a deti- ance to fashion and a protest against vanity. Rabsheka, in Dryden and Tate's satire of Ahaalom and Ac/utiij:/icl, is intended for Sir Tliomas Playtr. C'of. '2 Kings xviii. Radirobanes, in Alexander Bar- clay's romance of Anjenis, is intended for Philip II., King of Spain. Rag Smith. A nickname given to Edmond Smith, the autlior of the Ode on the D'Hdh of Dr. Pocock, and an intimate friend of Addison. Rag was a man of fine accomplish- ments and graceful liumor, but, like other scholars of the same class, indolent and licentious. In spite oi great indulgence extended to him by the authorities of Christ Church, he was expelled from the university in consefpience of his irregularities. His friends stood by him, and, through the interest of Addison, a proposal was made to him to under- take a history of tlie Kevolution, which, however, from political scruples, he felt liimself obliged to decline. Like AiMison, lie wrote a tragedy modelled on classical lines; but, as it had no political signifi- cance, it only pleased the critics, without, like Cato, interesting tlie public. Courthope, Addison {Eng- lish Men of Letters), p. :). Raider, The. A nickname given by his soldiers to Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, but, as so many commanders were noted for celebrated raids, it ceased to be a distinguishing mark, and fell into disuse before it was really accepted. Rail-Splitter, The. So Abra- liani Lincoln is named, becatise it is said tliat he once supported himself by sijlitting rails for a farmer. Rail-way King, The. Sydney Smith bestowed this title on George Hudson, the chairman of the North Midland Conijiany. Jay Gould and William H. Vanderbilt are also so nick- named. Rainy-Day Smith. A nickname given to .Tolni Thomas Smith, the English antiquary. Ralph, tlie squire of Hudibras. in Butk-r's poem of that name, represents the Anabaptist or Independent faction. {Vtd. pt. I. i. 4,-)7). Sir Iloger I'Estrange su]iposes that this character is a satirical (Hirtrait of one Isaac ivobinson. a butcher in Moortields; others imagine tliat Ilalpli \\as designed for Prcnibh'.a tailor, and one ( it blasphemy, and as if the one waa the legitimate succes.sor of the other. Rapt Sage, The. in James Beat- tie's work entitleil (Jn a 11 part of (I MdiiiuiiciiI to be Krcoteil in U'f.stwinnlir Ahhoij to the M>'m- orii of (I lute Author (line 41), is intended for Plato. In the same (line H7), Edward Youn.s: is called Thk Ho.vry B.\ui) OF Xujut; Alcajus (lino 4:!), Thk iMUfiNANT B.\ifn: and Sir Richard Hlackmoreand Fran- cis (4>uaiies are termed (line 77) TnosK Blockheads of Re- NO\V.\. Rare Ben. So Shakespeare called Bill Jonson. Aubrey, in his Lritrrs. states that the in- scription '(), Bare Ben Jonson" on his monument in Westmin- ster Abbey "was done at the charu'e of Jack Vouii!,',"' an eccentric jientleman, afterwards kni;,'iiteir I'hilip Sidney. Rat, The. Sir liichard ItatcliiTe. Vol. 'I'liK Cat. Re del Cantatori. 11. A title U'iven to the ,-ebl.rate,l rdo^'- nes,- in:isi, r and sinuer, .\ntonio liernarchi. Re Galantuomo. \'ictor Em- manuel II.. Kiiiu' "f Italy. Vi'i. Till. ( ; U.I, \N 1 K i\(.. Reasoning Engine. A. .\<'cord- ini; to a bticr from NN'arburton to' lluid. <1 it.'d .\pril _'!, 17.M), Voli.iiro L'.iv.' this title to Dr. Samie 1 Clarke, the friend of New ton. KED 298 KEP Red, The. A nickname given to Otho II., King of Germany, on account of tlie color of his liair. Vid. KuFUs and Bakijarossa. Bed Comyn. Sir John Comyn of Badeiiocli, son of Marjory, the sister of Jolin Baliol, King of Scotland. He received this so- briquet from liis ruddy complex- ion and red hair, to distinguish liiin from his kinsman Bi^ack Co.MYN, wliose hair was black and complexion swarthy. John Comyn was stabbed in t!ie church of the Minorites at Dumfries by Sir Robert Bruce, and was sifter- wards despatched by Lindesay and Kirkpatrick. Red Douglas, The. A nick- name given to Archibald Doug- las, fourtli Earl of Angus. When his kinsman James, nintli Earl of Douglas, called The Black Dou(;i,as, engaged in schemes against James II., he attached himself to the king, and when the .sentence of for- feiture was passed ui)on the trai- tor, the Douglas lands were divided among tlie Angus branch of the fauiily, and so, in the phrase of the time, "the lied Douglas" sucli was the com- jdexion of Angus "put down the Black." lie afterwards was wounded at the siege of Rox- burgh, and opposed Edward IV. at Alnwick. He was succ(;eded by his son Archibald, called Bp:ll-the-Cat (7. v.). Redeemed Captive, The. A name given to tlie Rev. John AVilliauis, a New England clergyman, who was held in cap- tivity by the Indians for two years. He i)ul)lished a narrative of his experiences, under the j)seu- donym of " The jiedeemed Cap- tive," and the title was there- after aiiplied to him. Red Mane. So Magnus, Earl of Northumberland, was called, on account of his long red beard. H(i was slain in the battle of Sark. He was remarkable for his long red beard, and was therefore called by the English Slagnus Ked-beiird; but the .Scotch in derision called liiin Magnus with tlie Ked Maue. Godscroft (p. 17fS). Reformed Michael Angelo, The. An epithet given to Pel- legrino Tibaldi, an Italian artist, sometimes called Ptdhsgrino Pel- legrini. He decorated the pal- ace of Caidinal Poggio in Bologna, and the Escurial in Spain. His best architectural work was the fayade attached to the cathedral of Milan, Italy. Reformer of a Kingdom, The. An epithet sometimes ai>plied to John Knox, the Scottish re- former. Reformer of Astronomy, The. An appellation given to Cojier- nieus. He showed that the earth is not the centre of our system, and that day and night are not due to the sun moving round our earth ; he jiroved the revolution of the planets around the sun, and that the earth has two motions. These ideas were not new, having been suggested long before by Tythagoras, but Copernicus disinterred them, brought them to the front, and gave them increased probability. Reg'istrar Sam, one of the inter- locutors in the Xoctes. Amhro- sianse, is Samuel Anderson, once a wine merchant of Edinburgh, whom Lord Brongliam appointed Registrar of the Court of Chan- cery. Religious Machiavel, That. A name given to John Knox by Disraeli, in his Curiosities of Litenaiirc, who says: The secret liistory of toleration among certain jKirtics lias been flis- closed to us bv a curimis docunient from that religion-: Machiavel, the fierce, ascetic repu 1)1 lean. John Knox, a Calvinistical pope. Renould, in Jules Valles' Le JinclD'lii'r, is intended for Arthur Arnould. Republican Doctor, The, in Tobias Smollett's AdcciUures of REP 299 RIC Roderic Random, was mrant for Dr. Mark Akeiiside, wlios*; his- tory forms one of tlie most agree- able episodes in rere'jriiic Fickle. Republican Queen, The. A title },'iveii to Sophie Cliarlotte, tlie wife of Frederick I., King of PriKssia. Resolute, The. A nirknamo given to Jolines Florio, tutor to Prince Henry, a philologist and lexicographer, whom Shakes- peare has ridiculed in his /,o/t*,v Liibar'n Lost. Viil. lIoLo- FEKNKS. Resolute Doctor, The. A title given to .loim ria<()n, horn at the latter end of the thirteenth century, in the village of I5a- conthorpe, Norfolk, Kng., and, after some years si)ent in the Convent of I'.lackney, lie rt^- moved to Oxford, and thence to Paris, where degrees both in law and divinity were conferred upon him. He was considered the head of the Avcrroists, and in !.">;!;> was invited hy letters to Home. Panlus I'ansa, writing of him from tlience, says: "Tiiis one resolute doctor has furnished the ( 'liri-.t i:in reliuMi>n with armor ni^aiust tlie .lews Stronger than any of X'uican's,'" etc. Respectable Hottentot, The. A name wiiich l.nrii ClMSferlleld uses in his letters ti> represent Sannud .lolin--on. 'I'hi-; hap- pened after .lolinson had been treated uncivilly hy ( 'hestertieid and hiid written him a sarcastic letter. Restless Daniel. So Pujk'. in TIi'' Jhinriinl (i. 1(1.".), calls Daniel Defoe. Restorer of German Poetry. The. A nickname u'lven to Mar- tin Ojiit/, who was the founder of a s(hi>ol of poetry "in which titisi'l and tawdry were maile to SU|iply the jilaces of breathing thou;riits ami linrnin;r wonls.'' Restorer of Parnassus, The. A sobrinuet conferred on .Juan Melendez V'aldes, the Spanish poet, on account of liis inlluenco on contemporary literature. Restorer of Science in Ger- many, The. An appellation given to Johann Christoph Sturm of Bavaria, who popular- ized and restored science in Ger- many, published several excel- lent compilations, but no orig- inal work. His writings are now rendered ol)solet' by the j)rogress made in the several sciences to which they relate. Reverend Billy. So (Jray called his friend, the liev. Wiliani Robinson, a younger brother of the ccdebrated Mrs. Montagu. Viil. f Josse, i, in Kn'jlisli Men of Letters (cai>. viii.). Reverend Levi. So the Earl of lioscommon calls .John Dryden, in his remarks upon the hitter's work Reli'jio Liiici. Rev. Mr. Charles Plyades, The, who is mentioni'd in one of the letters from Walpole to Lord Hertford as having "forsaken his consort and llic muses, aiul goiK! otT with a stone-cutter"3 daughter,"' is Charles Churchill, the i)oet, wlio in ITii:! formed an intimacy with .Mi-s Carr. the daughter of a highly respectable sculptor of Westminster. Rhody. .\ nickname given by his soldiers to (ieneral Hurnside, he bavini: formerly liein ciotted out, those who had liilherto borne it were commamled to change it uiuier pain of deatli, and those appellaiions which they had been accusti>med from infancy to cherish were forbidden. (Jharles II., in lt)*i.l, rcmoveell. anil his kindred adde(l the name lioy, a Celtic word ex- jiressive of his ruddy complexion and reilged as their leader; hut in all the forays so noinmon at that time he took little or no jiart, yet the terror of his name caused him to receive the credit of much that occtirred in the vicinity. The husiiiess of rattle-raising being suc<'i -.sful. he eiitcri d into a partiier'-hip with the Duke of Motilrose and others, who weri' to furnish liim with money, and share the profits. All went well till the defalcations of a suborili- nate aireiii, nanu .1 Macdonald, which cut short his career in trade, and left Uoh Koy in serious pecuniary diiiiculties. ROB 302 ROB Montrose, a poor representative of his illustrious great-grand- father, sent his factor, Graham of Killcarn, to fall upon the property at Inverness. liob lioy tied to the Highlands, and to this period is assigned a total change in his habits and pharac- teristies. He was followed by his wile, who was by no means the masculine and cruel woman Scott has described. She was one of the most determined of her sex, and her natural boldness of si>irit was exaggerated by the insult which she and her husband never forgave the forcible ex- pulsion of lierself and family, by Montrose's agent, from her home. The loss of property was nothing when compared with the galling recollection of circum- stances connected with the ex- pulsion, and nothing but death could blot it from their memories. Kob Roy reuxoved to Craig Royston, a ])lace surrounded with rocks anil mountains, on the borders of Loch Lomond, a most romantic spot, of such safety and strength that a ])erson supi)lied with annnunition could easily destroy a considerable army if they came to attack him, and at the same ti:ne be unseen. When the general condition of the country and the ordinary strain of men's ideas in that age are considered, it is not strange tliat he sought a wild and lawless way to right himself with his oppressor'^ above all, the Duke of Montrose. From the rough countiy around his home he could any night swoop down upon his grace's Lowland farms, and make booty of meal and cattle. He was joined by other Macgregors, who had not for- gotten their wrongs, and who looked to him as their leader. His personal appearance added to the impression of his singular qualities. His leard over a foot long; his stature not the tallest, but his person uncommonly Strong and compact; his face as well as his body covered witli dark red hair; his countenance stern in the hour of peril, but in calmer moments frank and kindly; and his muscular strength, which, addetl to his quick i)ercei)tion of character and penetration into human motives, gave liim the repute and name of the Robin Hood of the Lowlands. He knew well how to work upon the feelings of his followers, and with them under his influence he deter- mined to molest all who were not of Jacobite princii)les, and all who had injured him. Mont- rose was the first object of his wrath. Hearing that the ten- antry of the duke had notice to pay their rents, he mustered his men, and, visiting the tenants, compelled them to pay him the moaej-, giving them receipts which discharged them from any future call from the duke. This predatory war was carried on for a considerable time, favored by the nature of the country and the secret good- wishes of the Highlanders, who gave timely warning when Rob's enemies were approaching. He ruled triumphant, but he gave to the poor what he totik from the rich. He had but little of the ferocity of his race in his com- position and never caused unnec- essary bloodshed, nor was he a contriver of any act of cruel rev(inge. Strange to say, while thus setting the law at defiance, he obtained a certain steady amount of countenance and protection from the Dukes of Argyle and lU-eadalbane. In 171.'> a garrison was estab- lished at Inversuaid to check the irruptions of his party. Rob bribed an old wonmn of his clan, who lived within the gnrrison, to distribute whiskey to the soldiers. While they were drunk he set fire to the fort. He was suspectetl of this outrage, but it ]>assed with impunity, for no one dared to attack him. His num- ROB 303 ROB ber of followers increased, and the country was kept in continual awe by these marauders, who broke into houses and carried olT the inmates, whom they held till heavy ransi)orted his family and retainers ui>on the contents of a meal-stortr widch the duke kept at Morilin; and wiien any poor family in the neiiihborliood was in want, Rob went to the store- k(!eper, ordered what lie wanted, and atli to ;i j)ea'(.;i)i|e moile df life, was just the man to hi c ime a partisan to the .lac'.bite cau-^e. In 171:1 be had trans iclions with tuoenii- saries of the House of Stuart, I for which he was called to ac- count by the commander-in-chief of the kinjj's forces at Etlinbur<;li, 1 but escaped punishment. Many i of the chieftains were arraying i their jieople to follow them to i the Held and ti.^lit for the I're- j tender. Even tlii; Duke of I -Arijyle, who had attached liini- j self to the Prince of Orange, was wavering in his resolutions, j and under these circumstaiues j the a,ssistance of Itob iJoy would I have been of intinite importance j to him. The most deadly f(;uds I raged between him and .^Iont- j rose, who, upon hearing that Rob I was on friendly terms with ; Argyle, had sent to otTer to the i freeixioter, notonly that be would withdraw his claims on his es- tate, but also that he would give i liim a sum of money, if he would go to Kdinburgh and give infor- mation against .Vrgyle fortriason- j able jiractices. Tliis base over- ture was indignantly rejected by Rob, who deigned not even a letter of replv, but contented him- self by tell'ing .\rgyle of the overtures. ilob sympathized with th(! Jacobit<'S, and said " that he desired no better break- fast than to see a Wbii^'s bouse burning,'' but he made both sides think he was of their respective jiartiiS. He waited to see which side prevailed, and then hastened to avail himself of an oppor- tunitv of bis darling juirsuit plunder. At the' battle of SberitTiiiuir, alike afraid to of- fend King .lames and the .lacol*- ites, or bis patron the Duke of Argyle and Prince of Oraiii^e, be stood neutral. The seveiilies wliirb followed the Rebellion of ITi."". drove Rob Roy to a remote retreat in the Highlands, where be lived in a solitary hut, in pov- erty and idleness, and in diead of the pursuit of the a.'ents of the law. Di-^appoiiiied, imv scribed, old and poor, his sorrows wi re made greater b\ the bad lie- ha\iorof sous, of whom be had ti\e. As he declined in >tren'_'tb ROC 304 ROI he became more peaceable in disposition ; and his nepliew, the head of the clan, renounced the enmity whicli had subsisted be- tween the Macgregors and the Dulte of Montrose. Educated a Protestant, lie became a Catholic long before his death. He said it " was a convenient religion which for a little money could put asleep the conscience, and clear the soul from sin." Later, he accompanied his nephew to the northern Highlands, and so enriched himself that he returned to tlie Braes of Balquihidder and began farming. His death-bed was in character with his life, for when he was confined to his bed, a person with whom he was at enmity i>roposed to visit him, and he exclaimed, "Raise me up, dress me in my best clothes, tie on my arms, place me in my chair. It shall never be said that Rob Roy was seen defence- less and unarmed by an enemy." He received his guest with haughty courtesy, and when he had departed the dying chief ex- claimed, "It is all over now put me to bed call in the pii)er ; let him play 'We return no more,' as long as I breathe." He died before the dirge was finished. His funeral was attended by all the peo]yle of the district, of all ranks, and deep regret was ex- pressed for one whose cliai'acter had much to recommend it to the regard of Highlanders. Rock, in Jules Valles' Le Barhe- lier, is intended for Arthur Ranc. Rock of Chickamaug-a, The. A sobriqu"t applied to (xcneral George H. Thomas. Vid. John- son, Sfpmoir of Maj .-Gen. Thomas (p. 252):- When steadfast he stood in Frick's Gap, on the field of Chickainaufra, af- ter tlie column on both of liis flanks harlpivcu wav, tlie torrent of Brafrfr's onset, the hail of fire that swept the Union ranks, moved him not a jot from his firm base, and the billow that swamped tlie rest of the field re- coiled from liim. "The rain de- scended, and the floods came and beat upon that house, and h fell not; for it was founded upon a rock." Thereafter the soldiers of the Army of the Cumberland were wont to call him " The Kock of Chicka- mauga." Rodomant, a character in Rumor, a novel by Elizabeth Slitqipard, is intended for Beethoven, the composer. Roger of Bruges. So Roger van der Weyde, the jiaiiiter, who was a native of Bruges, is called. Rogue of a Scot, A. A nick- name given to John Erskine, eleventh Earl of ]Mar, who headed the insurrection in Scot- land against the government in 1715. Vid. Wilkins, Folitical Ballads (ii. 1G5). Roi des Braves, Le. or The King OF Brave Mex. So the valiant Henri IV. of France was called by his troops. Roi des Feuilletons, Le, or The King of Feuilletons, is a title given to the French journalist Jules Gabriel Janin, for many years a critic on the Journal des Debuts. Roi des Reptiles, Le. A nick- name given to the French natu- ralist, Bernard de la Ville, Comte de Laccpede, on aecotmt of his celebrated work, entitled Histoire des Reptiles. Roi Panade, Le, or The King of Slops, is a nickname given to Louis XVIII., King of France. Roi Soleil, Le, or The Sen Kino. A nickname given to Louis XIV. of France, from his deliglit in appearing as Apollo, God of the Sun, at tlie fetfs given at court or at the palaces of his courtiers. Kitcliin, ill his TTistory of France (London, 1.SS5; iii. p. 1().'5), says: Louis was the centre of all; myth- oloirical or classical shows displayed his tine fipure and liaiul-onie face, as a hero or a god; he (U'lighted to ap- pear as an Apollo, (iod of the Sun, of culture, of the arts, dispensing vivifving smiles and warmth of life. ROL 305 ROP The vauntinf; and menacing motto "Nee Plurtbus Impar" first ap- peared at a prcat oarousal at the Tuileries; in that device the nion- arch-^uu shines brightly on the earth, as if, like Alexander, he longed for other worlds, that he might dazzle them with his liglit. Boland of the Army, The. A title foiifcrred on Louis Vincent Josei)li Le Klond, Conite de St. liihiire, a French general, distiiijiiiished for iiis bravery. Botuain, Le. A sol)ri(iiiet con- ferred on Jean Dumont and Stephen IMcart, the French ar- tists. Vid. KoM.\x<). Roman, The. A nickname given to I'ierre Mignard, u Frencli architect, on account of his long residence in Rome. Roman Beau Brummel, A. A nickname sometimes given to Cains I'etronins, a Roman vo- hiptiiary. He was a native of ^larseilhs, but was educated in Home, where lie rose to the rank of consul and licld the ollice of (Jovernor of liithynia. His I)roliii;ai;y is said to have been of the nil St sniHTb and elegant desi'rijiiion, ami his grand am- hilinii was to shine as a court exquisite. Nero thought higiily of liiui, and would not venture upon any new fashion till it had the ai>)iroval of this oracle of Style. 'J'igcllinus, another favor- ite of Nero, conci'ivcd a hatred of I'etronius, brought false accu- sations against bini, and suc- ceeded in getting liis wboh- houscbold arrcsteil. I'etronius saw that his destruction was inevitable, and committed sui- cide. Roman Chaucer, The. So the l)oit lOnnius has been styled. Roman Thucydides, The. .V soliriijuet bi sioweitnesfsi liath eaten otT I)iith none ears, and now, >ir, this UiilH ni.iker hMMtetli ime hiire with his halters, I gesse him to bee some EOS 306 EUF evill spirit, that in the likeness of a mail would, since 1 have past the Pillory, perswade nie to hang my- self for my old offences, and there- fore sith I cannot blesse me from him with Nomine pair is, 1 lay S'pir- itus Sancttis about his shoulders with a good crab-tree cudgell, that he may get him out of my com- pany. Rosalinde, in Spenser's poem I'/ip ,' Delacroix, on account of his brilliant coloring. Ruder Burns, A. An appellation which is given to Allan Cun- ningham by Talfourd, in his Life and Works '.\Ct), where he says: . . . Allan CunMingham, stalwart of form, and stout of iieart and verse, a ruder Burns. Rufus. A S()l)iiquet bestowed on William II. of England : on Gil- bert de Clare, P'arl of Gloucester, the son-in-law of Edward I. ; and on Oth" II.. Emperor of Ger- many. The latter is also called The Bloody. Vid. Barbarossa. RUF 307 RUS Rufus. A name under which Marston, in liis ^fetamor])h()sis of Pi(/malion'fi Im2), thinlvs it is intended for Shakespeare, and says: The iiHiiie of Uiifus lias two pe- culiiirilies wliii'h may have inchiced Marston to loiifir it upon Shakes- j)<-are. First of all, like the Kn;;lish king of that name. Shakespeare's pre-iiaine \va-< William. Secondly, the he>t pn-crveil portrait of Shakes- peare shi>UH liiin with hair verging upon a redili^li hue. I.aherius (from lulxtre, to shake; hence .Nhak-erius, a similar nickname as (ireeiie's Shake-scene) is clearly an indication of the poet's family name. The Roman <'ustom of j)lacing the name of the gi'iix, or family, in the miihlle of a person's mime, leaves no donht us to .loiison's intention. Lal)eiins was a dramatic |ioet, even asShakes- peare, and |)la\ed his own ilramas, as Shakespeare did. In Cri-pinus, both Shaki>peare's ciirlv hair uikI the oll'ence of a|ii>lication, j)hii.'iari-m, or literary theft, with whiili he i-; charged by his antago. ni-t, are manife-tlv marked; St. Cri-pin being noted among t)ie saints for hi- lilching habits. lie tol for the pc n from the r )r from Lion, The, A, \\;is the iiaiiK hv his mother. at iiis made sIk materials : Rug-g'ed 1 i AIDAKA to Ali hirth. Rutfsred Timon of the Eliza- bethan Drama, The. So r.ulleii. ill his iiitrudiu't ion tothe Works of .loliii Miirston, the dramatist, calls the latter. Ruler of Kings, The. So Hannay, in his Satire and Satir- ists (p. 10.5), styles Louis XIV., Kin<; of France. Ruler of the Ausonian Lyre, The. An aiiijcllation j;iven to Aii'ielo I'oliziano, who is hetter known hy tlie name (d" I'olitianus. When scarcely liftcen years of a{;e, hesiirjirisi d Florence with a poem of l-l(X) lines. He hecamo a friend of Lorenzo de Medici, who a.ssistcd iiiin. It was at this period that tiie arts and sciences hegan to Hoiirisli, and philosophy to he freed from IIk; dust of harharisni, and rolitiaiuis was seen to sliine as a star of the tirst niagnitndi', as a translator, anno- lator, and poet, as a teacdier of (ireek, and as the author of (Jrt'io, one of the earliest dra- matic compositions iirodiiced in Italy. Vid. Synionds, licnciis- snncr in Il'th/. Run-Away Spartan, The. An e|iithet given to Sir Kohirl Peel, who, having hcen ojiposed to Tlie Irish Kmaiicipatioii liiil, finally cliaiige), calls Edward (leoHrcy, fourteentii Kail of I)( rhy, tlie opponent of Dairel O'Connell, who is terme(| Tni: (;iti;AT O. Rural Postman of Bideford, The. Kdwurd CaMerii. Vid. 'I'llK I'osiMAN I'ol.I. Russian Byron, The. A title hestowfd .\andcr Sergei- \itch I'lisrhkiii, the greatest Itiissi.ui poet of the jiresent century. Rvissian Field. .\ nickname given to .lolm l''iel(j, tlie autlior of \,tii r>h s. consisting of si-vi'u coiK-ertos. miiili aiiiiiired in their day. Russian Murat, The. .V title gi\cii to .^Iicllai-it l)eiility, and pnilKihlv too vain t<> think liiin- 8elf reM-lilile, lie tixiil liis liiart, per- haps half I'ondiv and half aiiihi- tioii>h , iipiin the I.ailv Dnrothea >i(l- Iiev, ihlcsl (lau;:lil.T'ef the Karl of I.eic-e-liT. whom he ciinrteil liy all the poetrv ill whii'li Sacharissa is cchtiraleil. . . . Sin- was tint to he Hllhilueil tiv the power of \ er-e, lint rejciicil his aihlies^cs, it is said, with ili-daiii, anil drove him awav to siilaci- hi- di-apiinintiiieiit with Aiiin. ret {)/.v.^ or I'hillis. >he married in IfstUihe I'.arl of siiiidirlaiid ; and in lier old a L'e. meet illK somewhere with \\ aller, a~ked him when he would again write such verses upon her. " \Vlien you are as young, madam," said lie, " and as handsome as you were then." Johnson. Saddle-Bag John. A nickname {jiven to (leneral Pope by liis soldiers, " in memory of his fa- mous order about headquarters beinj^ on horseback." Sagacious Terrier. A nickname given to .lanu-s Ilriice, an emi- nent travcdler, w ho sjient many years in Egyjit, Abyssinia, and Nul)ia, and after his return to England |publisbed an account of liisjotirney. Ills exploits were at liist sus|ic<'ted of beint; ticlitious, but since then suspicion litis sunk into the !ic(iuies<'ence of the truth of liis work. NVolcot, in his J'rtn- J'iiidar's C'l'U'i'liiDcntary J-^jiixlle to Ja)iii's Bruce, says: .saj-'acions Terrier in Discovery's mine, Shall Nature form no more a nose like thine? Sagan of Jerusalem, in 1 >rvden's .satire of Ah.ih'hial causi' at the battle of Ilopton' lieaili. The S:i;;an of the .lews was the vicar of the scvcrt i;;n ])ontitT. Sage, Le. .\ name i;i\(>n to t'liarles \'.. Kiiiu'ot I'raiice. also called Tin; Soi.hmhn oi- Fuance. Sa'mmul SiL:tiiss.>ii. the com- Jiiler of the pMct;iMl Nersion of tlie l'".dda in the eleventh cen- ttirv. is often refeiTtd to as The !SA('.e. Cotiiit de Las ('as:is is called LeS.\i:e; andtieiirm' r.uehanan is spoken of in the A'o( fii" Am- SAG 310 SAM brosianse (vii.) as The Sage. Vid. also The Wise. Sage and Serious Spenser, The. So Milton calls Edmund Spenser. Sage of Alexandria, The. Eu- clid is frequently so named. Sage of Crotona, The. So Pythagoras was called, because he established his first and prin- cipal school of philosophy at Crotona, in the sixth century B. C. He is also termed Cbo- tona's Sa<;k. Sage of Monticello, The. A sobriquet bi'stowed on Thomas Jefferson, due to tlie wisdom ex- hibited by liim in his intercourse with his visitors, and in his cor- respondence witli public men on matters of government, after he had retired from the presidency of the United States, on March 4, 1809, to Monticello, his estate in Virghiia. Sage of Skinner Street, The. A nickname conferred on Will- iam Godwin. Vid. Symonds, Shelley, Etif/lish Men of Letters (cap. iii.). Sagest of Usurpers, The. So Lord Byron, in (Jh.ilde JInrold (IV. Ixxxv.), calls Oliver Crom- well. Sailor King, The. A nickname given to William IV^. of Eng- land, who, from a midsliipman, became lord high admiral in 1S27. Saint, The. A nickname given to Edward VI. of England, on account of his regard for i-eligion and everytliing connected with it. It was his custom to take notes of the sermons which he heard; particularly those which seemed to bear any immediate relation to his own duties ; and the attention which he paid to the precepts inculcated in the discourses of the eminent diviiu^s who i)reached before him, frc- qviently produced a visible and permanent effect upon his con- duct. A sermon preached before him by Bidley caused him to found St. Thomas and the Bride- well Hospitals. Saint, The. A nickname given to Henry II., King of Germany. He was a pious prince, more fit for the cloister than the throne, and very popular with the ec- clesiastics. He founded several religious houses, and tlie Stras- burg cathedral (founded in 1015) will always make him remem- bered. Saint Archibald. So Churchill, in his poem Independence (line i;]8), calls Archibald Bower. Saint Bernard Croly. A name by which George Croly is fre- quently referred to, on account of his Tales of Great tit. Bernard, Salic, The. A nickname given to (yonrad II. of Germany, because he introduced the Salic code, that freeholders should not have their lands taken from them ex- cept by a judgment of their peers. By this decree fiefs were made hereditary. Its real intention was to rescue the inferior vnssals from the arbitrary power of their lords. It was the axiom of the Salic that the power of kings should be unlimited, but that of nobles limited. Thus he gained for the crown both the burgher and vassal classes. Sallust of France, The. So Voltaire terms Cesar Vichard, Abbe'de St. Ileal. Salt of Art, The. So Fuseli characterized IMicliael Angelo. Saluste. A character in Charles Sorel's Jvxlrrir(ii/(int Sli"}therd., and a satire on Houorat de Bueil Bacan. Salvator Rosa of the Sea, The. A title bestowed ujxin Michael Scott, the author of Tom (Jrni- r/le's Lor/, in the Xoctcs Arn- hrosianse (Ixvi.). Samian Poet, The. A name given tlu! satirist Simonides, who was born at .Sauios. SAM 311 SAV Samian Sag^e, The. So Thom- son calls I'ytiiaf^oras, who was born at Sanios, in the sixth cen- tury B. U. : 'Tls enough, In this late age, adventurous to liave touched Liglit on the numbers of the Saniiau Sage. Samson Agonistes, The. So Massoii, ill his LI/<' <f I?ur- f,Mnidy, who tlonrishi'd in the early part of tlie lifteenth cen- tury. 1'/'/. TiiK Fk.vklkss. Sant'ring- Bully, A. Jatnes TI., I\iiii; of luij^iand. Vul. Old S(/IAI!. Sapiens, i. <., Tmk Wisk. A niikiianie i^iveii to (Jildas, or (iildii^, an .\nulo-.Saxfy his thirst for leaiiiiii'_', he went to I''ranci' to ]iiiisiie iiis stuiliis. .Vftcrw ards he refilled in one of the small isles e;illr.l the Holmes, in the I'.rili--li Ciiannel, and tinallv re- tired to il. .Mdny of Cl.istoii- hnr\ . will re he ilinl. He was cilihiMtid f(vr his rij^id pietN. sanilil\'. and erudition, hut he WIS ;i weak and wordy writer. Sappho, in Pope's Moral Exxays (epistle ill.), is intended for Lady Mary Wortley Montaj;u, who had first been addressed by iiim nnder that name in 17"_'2, in a complimentary manner. In the Monti Kxs((i/y, however, he com- jiares "Sapjilio's di'nionds with her dirty smock "; A .Sap|)lio at lier toilet's greasy ta>k, With .Sajipho fragrant at an ev'ning niu.s(iue. Vid. also Atoss.v. Sappho of Toulouse, The. A sol>ri<|iiet Conferred on CIcmenco Isaure, a wealthy lady of Tou- louse, and the author of a beau- tiful (Jilr to Sjji-ii);/. In H'.K) she instituted the " Jeux Floraux," and left a leijacy to defray their annual expenses. Sardanapalus of China, The. A title uiven to Cheotsiii, who flonrislied in the tw(dfth cen- tury, and wlio, when defeated by Woo-wont;, his successor, sought death in a manner simi- lar to that of the- great .Assyr- ian. Sardanapalus of Germany, The. A nickname given to Weiiceslaiis, King of Hoheiiii.-i and (ierniany, who abandoned himself to gluttony, drunken- ness, luxury, and voluptuous- ness, lie randy ipiitted liohe- niia, and. being wholly inclilTer- eiit to the atlairs of Oermany, the Diet deposed liim. ]Ie iii- duL'ed in (Xeesses till he dieil of Saul, in Hrvden's satire of .i'lsii- b.ni , and succeeded in doiui^ so. SAV 312 SCH Henry Clay has received the same title. Vid. The Great Pacificator. Savior of Protestantism, The. A name sometimes given to Gus- tavus Adolphus. Savior of the Nations. So Lord Byron, in J)o7i Juan (ix. 5), calls the Duke of Wel- lington. Sawney. A name given to Alex- ander Pope, in an anonymous poem, 1728, occasioned by his Dunciad : Sawney! a mimic sage of huge re- nown, To Twiek'nam bow'rs retir'd, enjoys his wealth, His maUce, and his muse; in grot- toes cool. And cover'd arbors, dreams his hours away. Saxon, The. A nickname given to Henry I. of Germany, be- cause he was a Saxon by birth. Saxon Duke, The, in Butler's Hudibras, is John Frederick, Duke of Saxony, wlio was very corpulent. Charles V., on tak- ing him a prisoner, remarked: "I have gone hunting many a time, but never saw I such a swine before." Saxon Giant, The. A sobriquet bestowed on Handel. Vid. Crowest, Musical Anecdotes (i. Kii)). Sbernia. A nickname applied to Francesco Berni by Pietro Are- tino. Vid. Symonds, Jienais- snnce in Itahj (pt. ii. cap. xiv.). Scaliger of the Ag'S, The. A name given to Bishop Warbur- ton, for he, like Scaliger, was a man of great talents but vain and abusive. Disraeli, in speak- ing of I'ope and Warburton in The Quarrels of Authors, says : A mere poet was soon dazzled by the sorcery of erudition ; and lie himself, having nothing of that kind of learning, believed Warburton to be the Scaliger of the Age, for his gratitude far exceeded his knowl- edge. Scanderbeg (a corruption of Iskander Beg, i. e., Prince Alex- ander) is a sobriquet conferred by the Turks on George Castri- ota. Prince of Albania, the pa- triot chief of Epirus. Schinocephalus, or Onion- Head. A nickname bestowed by the Greeks upon Pericles, he having a peculiarly elongated head, to conceal which he was generally represented with a helmet. Scholar-like Shepherd. An epithet conferred on Robert Greene by his friend Thomas Nash, in the hitter's introduc- tion to the former's Menaphon (1587), where he says : Curteous and wise, whose judge- ments (not entangled with envie) enlarge the deserts of the Learned by your liberall censures; vouchsafe to welcome your schoUer-like Shep- heard with such Universitie enter- tainment as either the nature of your bountie or the custome of your common civilitie may attbord. Scholastic, The. A name given to Epiplianius, an Italian savant of the sixth century. School- Master Camden. A name given to William Camden (who in 1575 was an usher of Westminster School) by Ealph Brooke, in his criticisms of that antiquary's works. School-Master of the Republic, The. A nickn.'uiK! frequently given to Noah Webster, on ac- count of his school-books. His Grammatical Institute of tlie Enfilish Lanfjua(/e, first pub- lished in 1783, afterwards known as Websters Spclliufi-Iiook, with its tape-tied back and tliin wooden covers, in Januarv, 18(55, had reached a sale of 40^^000,000 copies. He had the tact of dis- cerning the wants of the people; he simjdified knowledge, and made it easy of acquisition. During the twenty years in Avhich he was employed in com- piling his Dictionary, the entire sui)port of his family was derived SCH 313 SCO from the profits at a premium for copyright of less thau a cent a copy. Schoolmiss Alfred. So Bulwor, in Ills podii The New Timun, alludes to Alfred Tennyson. School-Mistress, The, the prin- cipal character in Siienstone's poem of the same name, was Sarah Lloyd, the teacher of a school at l!,eas()\v(S, in thei)arish of Halesowen, Shropshire, where the i)oet received his earliest instruction. School-Mistress to France, The. A nickname given to Alcuin hy Ashmoh;, in his Tludtnnn ('li<)iiicinn. Alcuin was invitecl from Emjland into France, to superintend tlio j studifs of Charlemagne, whom i he instructed in astronomy, i logic, an (ier- mans upon (niieral Freilicrr von Molik<'. Vid. I/hislrirlr Z,H- 111, 'J (Leip/ig, 1.S70; No. 1U4). I$s('Tii|f Kiiintiii-z frtiiiilcr >prarh('ii hut das bckaniitf ScIk TZH ((It cr/iiij;!, iliis cr (l(ijiii;.'c pt(ii~/,isclif Olliriir sci, wclcliiT Ml (.ifbcii Sprarhcn am l)csti'll Zll scliwcijjcu \ cr^lrhc. Scientific Statesman, The. A )iii'knam<> given to I'"dmnnd Iturkc. Many of his views on polities and imhlic economy were antieipat ji'us of seience, and many of his jirevisions of \\\v, eoui>e of events were prophecies. Scorn of the Court, The. .V nii'knanie hestowitl upon Titus t)ates. V,,!. Wiikins, I'vlUual Ballads (i. '-'UT). Scorpion, The, in The Chaldeb Ms. (ii. I'i), is inleniled to repre- .sent John (.'. Lockhart. Scotch What d'ye call. So Milton derisively styles Baillie. I'id. Ma.sson, Life of MiLlon (111. iii. ;i). Scotlan Petrarch, The. A name given to William JJrummund of Jlawthornden. Scotorum Malleus, or The 11.v:m.mkii ok thk Scotch. A soliriipiet applied to Edward I., on his tombstone in Wistmiuster Abbey, which reails: Eduardus loiigus .Scotorum Malleus hie (St. Scott of the Sea, The. A nick- name given to Janu's Fenimore CoopfU', on account f)f his sea- Stories. Tind)s, in The Litiranj World (London, ISo'.); i. 201.'), says : This work is from the pen of the rclchrated transatlantic novelist, ftie .'^(()tt of tlie Sea, as we have heard Idin (les I. of England visited Scotland in l();5;i, the magistrates, knowing the king's taste, em- I)loyed Jameson to make draw- ings of the Scottish monarelis for him. These pictures pleased the king so much that he sat to him for a full-length i)i(!ture, pr(>sented him with a diamoiul ring, and, on account of a com- plaint in his eyes and head, made him wtsar his liat, a privilege wliicli Jameson ever after used, and commemorated by always drawing himself with the king's hat on. Scottish Walpole, The. A nickname given to Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, a literary, artistic, and musical amateur, wliose house in Edinburgh, like Horace Walpole's at Strawberry Hill, contained a collection of paintings, prints, china, books, various kinds of works of art, and old manuscripts, unequalled by any other collection in Scot- land. His education was intended by his parents to tit him for holy or- ders, but if lie himself ever seri- ously contemplated that destiny, the thought was early abandoned. The death of his father in 1813, and the settlement of his mother in Edinburgh, induced himtotix his permanent residence there, and he settled himself in the position which he kept to the last, a man of fashion, devoting his life to the pleasures of so- ciety and to the cultivation of literature, music, and the "fine arts, while he gave nmch atten- tion to antiquarian research. When Scott commenced to keep a diary, almrst the first portrait he inscribed in it con- cerned Sharpe, of whom he says : (Nov. 1825). He has infinite wit, and a great turn forantiquiirian lore. His drawings are tlie most fanciful and droll iniaginable, a mixture be- tween Hogartli :uh1 some of those foreign masters who puiutcd tempta- tions of St. Anthony and sucli gro- tesque subjects. As a poet he lias not a very strong touch. Strange that his finger-ends can describe so well what he cannot bring clearly and firmly in words. Hut though a lover of anti<}ui?ies, and therefore of expensive trities, he is too aris- tocratic to use his art to assist his purse. He is a conqjlete genealogist, and has made many detections in Douglass and other books on pedi- gree, whicli our nobles would do well to suppress if they bad the op- Eortunity. Strange tliat man should e so curious after scandal of cen- turies old. He is always master of SCO 315 SEC the reigning report, and lie tells the anecdotf with such gusto that there is no hflniiig sympathizing with liim a peculiarity of voice auiling not a little to the general ellect. Aly idea is that Sharpe, with his oddities, tastes, satire, and liigli aristocratic feeling>, resenihles Horace Walpole periuips in his person also, in a general way. Scourge of Fanaticism, The. All cpitlict ((iiiftrn-d on Rdhert Soutli, ;i noted iMinlisli pr(aclK'r. lie had sliar)) wit, keen satire, and was a iiiaii to be adiiiire, written by a jiriest <.f tlie ei,-litli or ninth Troves centtirv. Charles same litl 1)KI. VIII. received the I'l'l. l''l.A(iKf.I-f.M Scourge of Grammar, The. So I'dpe, in y/c Jiinifiinl (ill.), calls (Jiles .lacob, a lawyer, dramatist, and the m;;ster of Koiiisey, in SoMthamptiiiishire. Scourge of Princes, The. A nauK! a.'-S'iined iiy ami afterw.anls given til I'ietrii Aritinn, who be- came f:iiuMis for his im^enious, satiiical. iiiid (ibscene pnetiy. He biiasteil tl::il liis writing's did mure gi>. d ill the world than ser- mons, lie levied contriliiiliiiiis on the ])r nci-; and u'-raiwlees of Ills limi. w ho, to a\ <.id his lash, made liiin coiisiilcialde pri S'lils, from li. h circumstance he de- riv( (1 his title. Scrivener of Crosbiters, The. An epithet conferritl on lioherl Greene. Vid. The Greenb Maister of the Blacke Arte. Scroddles. So Gray calls Mason, bis biographer. Vid. (Jo.sse, Gray, in KiKjUxh Men of Littars (cap, vi.). Scullor, The. So John Taylor, the Water I'oet, is termed in Jim Jonson's Coiirersiithms vith M'illium DrunniKind (xiv.). Vid., also, Masson, Life. (>/ Milton, (i. :i7;i). Sculptor Poet, The. The an- cients distinguished the dilTerent degrees of the strength of fancy ill diiteient i)oets liy calling tbeni paititers or .'culplois; hence Lu- cretius, from the force of his images, is ranked among the lat- ter, and is fre(iuently termed The Stiial. T. Fidhr. Second Aristotle. A. A nick- name gi\eii iu l-'redi rick II. of (it niiaiiy, the most a<-ci iinplislied sov( reign ol the .Middle .Ages, on account ( f his kiiowletigc of jihilosophy. Second Augustine, The. A title gi\(ii to 'I'l.omas ,\(]uinas by his pupils. Second Brutus, The. A name gJM'II to l-'r;illcr.--co de .Aledici, the IrMtricidc. Second Cnto the Censor. A. .\ll . l>illiet tzivell to .Michel d(' rilopiial. oiic of the most emi- III lit ami most \ irtuous of all the cbaracleis of the sixteenth cen- tury in I'raiicc He resist' d tlio establishment of tin Iiii|iiisitioii, and retired fn ni his liicc of lord chancellor because he could SEC 316 SEC not abet the king and queen- mother in their measures against the Reformers. He was a man of great integrity, extremely severe, yet a firm advocate of toleration. Henri van Laun, in his History of French Literature (ii. p. IIGJ, quoting from Pierre de Bour- deille's Eulogy on De VHopital, says : That man was a second Cato the Censor, and knew very well how to censure and correct tlie corrupt world. He thoroughly looked the part, with his long, white beard, his pale face, and his grave mien. Second Charlemagne, A. A nickname given to Charles V. of Germany, the greatest mon- arch since the death of Charles Marpivs. He was the ruler, under one title or another, of more than half of Europe, and much of the New World. He was an iiidefatigahle warrior, could sit all day and night in his saddle, was fearless and en- ergetic, calm in reverses or suc- cesses, the first to arm for bat- tle and the last to throw his harness off. He could endure any privation but that of food. His cloister life, in his retire- ment, was occupied in politics and eating, not in prayer and fasting. Second Ciceronian, Our. A name given to Robert Southwell by John Trussell. Vid. Brydges, Archaica (i. pt. iii.). Second Constantino, A. So Drydtm, in his poem liritnnnia lii'dirira (line 88), calls James II., King of England. Second Helen, A. A nickname given to Madame Recaraier, not so much on account of her beauty, which was not so very great, hut because of her powers of personal grace and tlie charm of her manner. Other ladies of her time were equally and some were more beautiful, but she in a rare measure possessed, as the soul of her beauty, an indeti- nable fascination. Her genius for love was not great; but for friendship it was unexampled. Second Hogarth, The. A nick- name given to Henry William Bunbury, an English artist, dis- tinguished by the excellence of his caricatures, some of which called forth the admiration of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Second Johnson, A. A nick- name given to Samuel Taylor Coleridge by T. F. Dibdin, in his Beinini.scoices of a Literary Life (i. 254) : As I retired homewards I thought a second Johnson had visited the earth to make wise the sous of men; and regretted that 1 could not exer- cise the powers of a second iJoswell, to record the wisdom and the elo- quence which liad that evening flown from tlie orator's lips. It haunted me as I retired to rest. It drove away slumber; or if I lapsed into sleep, there was Coleridge. Second Leviathan of Prose, The. A nickname given to Thomas Xasli by Harvey, in his Pierce's Sii)>erer(>!/(ition (London, 1593), where he says: But wliat approoved man of learn- ing, wisedome, or judgement, ever deigned liim any honour of impor- tance, or commendation of note ; but the young darling of f*. Fame, Tliomas Xash, alias Pierce Penuiles, the second Leviathan of Prose, and another Behemoth of ryme. Second Mars, A. A nickname given to Pope .Tulitis II. (Julian della Rovere). He was himself beyond all suspicion of selfish designs of aggrandizement, but his public career during his ])on- tificate was almost entirely de- voted to political and military enterprises for tlie c(unplete re- establishment of pajial sover- eignty ill its ancient territory Bologna, Ferrara, etc. and the extinction of foreign domination and foreign intiueiH'e in Italy. One of the great ideas of his mind was a holy war, in which he was to take command against the Turks, and as a i)olitical sovereign he is described as of a SEC 317 SEli UDblesmil. lull nf lofty plans for tlio glory of Italy; but as an ec- closiastical riik-r Ik; has little to reconinuMid hini in tlie eyes of clmrclinien. Syniouds, in his Skct'-hcs and .StadifS in .Southern Ein-ojii (ii. 2(X)), says: AftiT Si-xtus i-anic the blood- staiiK'l Iiiii;.'iu; ami after liirn liilius II., wIkiiii tlie Itiiiiiaiis in triniiiiiliul s()ii;;s ])r()cl!iiiii a second .Miir.-, and uliu turned, as .Micliael Anjielo expressed it, the chalices of Itoine into swords and helms. Second Ovid, A. A ni( kiianic which Ii read the refornuilion of a sei-dinl Ovid; jiar- don.niy l.nrd, int'erionr by a llionsand de^rei s t(i liiin in wit or learning, lini I leare lialfi- as fond in i>nlili>h- iiif; ain(jrous fancii -. Second Parent of the Re- formed Church. The. A nickiiaiiie ^iv-ii to .lulm. Duke of Saxony, who sideil with the liefiirniers. He was a friend I'f Lntlu'r, estalilishe.l It.'fonned churches Iliion^hmit Sa.xnny. and a|ipiiinted iirofessors of tiie same | iT^iiasimi in Wiitenbrr:.; ', 'ni\c.-iiy. Second Romukis of Branden- burg-. The. A iiiiiiieiii)r williin the nietrop. oli-. rill' owner of it exercises the kiiowh'dir.' (if (rolls upon a collec- tion wliiili.if it have not an ahuii- daiice of I'inelli, lia- the choice ex- hiliilcd by .^initli and I'aitoni. Sephi-Mirza. .A name under wliicli Louis, Dauohinof l'"rance, S'lii ' .;('. sy.ni r .V, rrir u I' Histoirc de /'' ;-s' . I'/'l. ( 'll A- Ali.\S. Sepulchral Grahame. So Lord I'.yroii c, tiled .laiiies (Irahaine. after ri-adiiit,' hisp.M'iii Til'- S'l'i' Seraphic Doctor, The St, Hona- SEK 318 SUA Ventura. Vid. Doctor Se- RAPHICUS. Seraphic Saint, The. A sobri- ((iiet conferred on St. Francis of Assisi, the founder of the Fran- ciscan order. Serpent, Le. A name given to Elie-Catherinc Freron, the French critic, in an anonymous epigram : L'autre jour, au fond d'lin vallon, Un serpent plqua Jean Freron. Que pensez-vous qu'il arriva ? Ce fut le serpent (jui creva. Serpentinus, wlio occurs in Roh- ert Schumaini's nmsical essays (tlie J)(iri(lshnndler), is intended for Karl Banck. Servacis, in Kenan's 1/ Eon de Jourenrp, is intended for Paitl de Granier de Cassagnac. Sesostris, in F"ene]on"s Lck Arcii- ttrrex de Te'le'maqite, is intended for Louis XIV., King of France. Vid. Idomexeus. Seth Bede, in "George Eliot's" novel of Adam Bede, was taken from an uncle of the author, a carpenter. Setting Sun, Our. So Dryden, in his jioeni To Lord Chancellor Il'ide (line 87), calls King Charles li. of p]ngland. Shah-Jehan, or The Kin<; of THE WoRLu, was a title assumed liy Khorrum-Sliali, the tifth of the Mogul dynasty at Delhi. Shake-scene. A nickiuime given to Shakesjieare liy Robert Greene, who, in his last days, saw the ar- rival of this poet, and saw that he would soon outstri]) all his predecessors. The actors lunl depended upon the playwrights for thtdr plays, but her(> was an actor who could write, and the dramatist's avocation bade fair to be ruined. The " pupi)ets, an- tics, base grooms, bvuikrum gen- tlemen, peasants, painted mon- sters," as he calls the players, have learned not only how to act but how to imitate the drama- tists. Nothing can justify the violence of Ins abuse or defend his assumjition that the field of dramatic composition was oi)en only to University graduates. Nothing can excuse his spite in tiinging Shakespeare's birth and lack of culture in his face, but the next to the last work of tliis egotistical, irascible man was to pen, besides much other abuse, in his Groats->i;ort/i of Wit, tlie following: Yes, trust tlieinnot; for there is an upstart Crow, beaiititied with our feathers, that witli liis Tygers heart wrapt in a Plai/ers hide, supposes he is as well able to bunibast out a blanke verse as the best of you ; and, beinjr tlie only absolute Johannes fac totum, is in his own conceit the only !SIiake-scene in a country. Shakespeare de la Hollande. Alfred de Vigny, in his Stella. calls Yondel, the Dutch poet, 'ce vieux Shakespeare de la Hollande." Shakespeare in Petticoats. So Joanna iiaillie is nicknamed in the Xoetca AinhroiiianiB, in Blo<-k-- ivood (IHL'l.'). Shakespeare of Divines, The. So Kalijli Waldo P^merson, in on^' of his poenis, alludes to Jeremy Taylor. Shakespeare of Eloquence, The. I'.arnave has describiu .Mirabeauuiulerthis name. V/'t. The Friend of Max. Shakespeare of France, The. A nanu' sometimes given u> Pierre Corneille, also called Le Graxd Gokneili,e (7. r.). His style is majesti(.' and his senti- ments ]irofound, but be not tin- frefjuently la|ises into bombast, and is decidedly deficient in ten- derness. He is most at home in ]iortrayi!ig tlu; ])rou(l, severe, ambitious, and terrible Romans. Tyrants and coiupierors never sat to a better painter. Shakespeare of Germany, The. A nickname sometimes given to GustaNus Frederick William Gri'ssmann, a celebrated actoi- and writer of Rerlin. He \\ as SHA 319 SUA tirst fiiifiloyed as a secrclary to tlie Prussian ciivov at Dantzic, and afterwards in the same capacity at Ktlni^jcsbcrij and War- saw. After tlif partition of Po- land, in whifli nuMSiire he had some siiare, he h>st his apiioint- nieiit. He tlien beeame ao- ((uainted with Lcssint; and other writers of the day. and turned his attention to dramatic com- position. After wrifiiii^ several sucicssftll pieces for the theatre, lie heeame a manayjer of several theatres, and to him the (Jerman sta<;e is indebted for many im- provements. In IT'.M) he was im- [irisonet^ at Hanover for a jioliti- cal olTeni-e, for six months, after which he soon dird. Shakespeare of Germany. The. Both .lohann (Jhristojih I'ried- rich von Schiller and Aii<;ustus Priedrieh Ferdinand von Kotzi-- bue have bern so called. Shakespeare of Novelists, The. A writer in M-n-niiUiui' .< M'l'/n- ziiii , ;i few years a^o, referred to Fieldin;; under tliis name, and in the same paper called him TiiK Pi:i.N( i; III' Ni>vi;i,isTs. Shakespeare of Prose, The. So .Macuulay calls .lane Au>ten. Shakespeare of Romance Writers. The. A ni.kiiame jxi\cn to .Mrs. Amie KadclitVe, an ICni,disli no\clist, who is i)re- cniiiieTit for \ ivid poetical iniai;i- nation and for a L;ieat powei- of cliaractei- or Strikini; individual porliails, and no hunioi- or wit. Drake, in his Lit) rli:ike.|), are of Itcniianc,' W ril. I-. aiul who to tlie wll.l land. scape of Salvator Kosa has added tlie softer fjraces of a Claude, may be found many sceues truly terrilic in their conci-ptioii, yet so .softene'l down, and the ndnd so tiuu-h re- lieved, by the inlennixture of beautiful description or pathetic- iiuident, that the impression of the whole never becoiiii's too stronf^, never (h ;renerates iiUo horror, but pleasurable emotion is ever the jjre- (lomiiiatiuf; result. Shakespeare Without Genius, A. Tiiis ei)iihet was j^iveii to Alexandre Hardi, a French dramatist, wiio is said to Inive been, after Ijojte de Ve<;a and ('alderon, tlie most fertile ( dramatic authors, ireiiave little lieed to art, and thonudit entirely id what would succeed for the moment. Henri van I-aun, in his Historv of Fnnrlt Littratnn- (ii. 84), says : At most, two names deserve to be mentioned, those of Hardi and Mayret. The first, whom a hajipy paradox has desi^'iiated a Shakes- l)eare without u'enius, whom Cor- neille lionored wiili iinseltish praise, (ieliarted not a Utile from the senile : l!\mer, ho\vi\er. was a rii>e scholar, ami tlie founder, in our liiiratiire. of what lia- lieen con- -idei-..(j as the rr.MU-h or the cla--ical -chool of (adtici-m; and In- has Weill the aniuck'. di-tinction of III ill:; de-iirnaled as Shakesjii-are's ( riiic. r;-/. also !)r\dcn. /"/oA-/'"' ^' Shallow Eclward.-s. Tlioma^ Ivlwards. 1. /. Till I'ui-.si'.v- II '.HI AN I'aii.-I'im. Shark of the Exchang-e, The. .\ niikiiauie u'ivcn to .\le\ unler l'"ord\ce. a itritish tinancsT (d the eai!\ j'.irt i<;d r.ld^lh nf fflldlhr.lS In Snlrn/,!,,/. is prol)ai)Iy intended for Sir Paul N'eai, a incmher id tlie Koyal Society, wlio proved to his ow ii satisfaction tiiat I'.uth'r was n..t the autlior of lliidihr':- ri II'-' , is iiiiciided Inr Prince P.i-niarck. Sitrnior Capririo. 'riKuiia^ N:i-h i-. thiiv aihicj.-i! tn in ,,ii,' if the tracts a-aiii^t liini 1.^ (Jahrii'l IIarve\. the fri.-nd cf Spenser. The jiassiim' reads:--- And wlint ritift so pestiferous as that wliicli in suprrcd baitcs present- etli most poisonous liookes? .Sir .Skehon and .Master .Scoggin were but innocenl.s to Signior (.'apricio. Fid. also yaU'S and Queries (l.st ser. i. 10). Signor Immerito. A name under which (laliriel Harvey alludes to Eduuind Spenser, in his Foiirc. Lt'lti rs i/nd ('crtuiv- Sonnets (London, l.")!t2), where be says : .Signor Innnerito (for that naiiu* well he renieinhered) was then and is still my alleftionate friend. Silent, The. A fitb^ <;iven to William I., Prince of Oran;ie. Silly Duke, The. A nickname given to the Dnk(! of Mailhor- oultIi by his political opponents. It was given hai'dly on account of any want of mental power, but from iiis habit of exi)ression. Whene\'er a (|uestion suggesting matter of wliieli lie //(/ -.'i,,ll;.i,,<. .; S'l / /'". niS . . I le.-.o :.:o. .-I\!cd himself, hccMii-. !o' w 1^ li' 111 .iuioiil; tin- Silnr -. or |..o|,l,. of Soutli \\-:i|is. He ll:is iH-,11 (h'SCribed as ail iie^eiiii nis person, hut p|-i Hid aii^l hiiiii' ro:is." Silver- Mouihod Wroe. A so- livi.|Ui'l 111 stowed oil the wardi'ii of Mate lic^trr Collegi.iif Chundi iluiiiiuihe se\ I'liteenth centiirs. I ;./.. f,.r details. .\"t'S .liid (I." ri, .- I 1st s.T. ii -JSV SIL 322 SIR Silver-Tongued Sluggard of the Senate, The. A nick- name given to Senator Thomas C. McCreery. Vid. Puck (v. 105). Silver-Tongu'd Smith, who is referred to by Xash in his Pierce Penikss, Inn Supplica- tion to the Deuill (1592), is Henry Smith, wliose biography will be found in '^V'ood's Athenas Oxoniensis : Queintlye coultlst thou deuise heauenly ditties to Apolloe's lute, and teacli stately uer.-e to trip it as smoothly as if Ovid and thou had butone'soule (p. 40). Fuller, in liis Church History (IX. xvi. 142), states that he was " commonly called the Silver- tongued Preacher, and that was but one metall below St. Chrys- ostome himself." Vid. also The Life of Mr. Henrie Smith, prefixed to his Sermons (1(375). Tlie same epithet has been applied to Joshua Sylvester, tlie translator of Du Bartas' Divine Weeks and Works ; to William Bates, the Puritan divine ; to Anthony Hammond, the poet; and to Heneago Finch, Earl of Nottingham. Silver Trumpet of the House, The. A sobriquet bestowed on Sir Edward Deering, Bart., a member of the Long Parlia- ment, who, having a good voice, was very fond of displaying it. Clarendon calls him "a man of levity and vanity, easily flat- tered' by being commended." Silver-Whiskered Chapman. A name given to George Chap- man, the dramatist. Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (i. 345). Simple, The. A nickname given TO Charles III., King of France i-arly in the tenth century. Simple, The. A nickname given to Sigismund, the last of the Tyrol line of the House of Aus- tria. He was capricious, fanci- ful, restless in his disposition, and by bis extravagance dissi- pated the treasures amassed by his father; involved liimself in unnecessary and fruitless wars; and, to supply his wants and ex- penses, mortgaged or alienated liis inlieritance. Simple Lombard, The. An epi- thet conferred on Guido di Castel of lieggio, who, amidst power and wealtli, retained a simplicity of taste, treating all sorts of people with the same courtesy. His castle was a ref- uge for the oppressed and exiled from other courts. S'ngle-Speech Hamilton. A iiickname conferred on tlie Right Hon. William Gerard Hamilton, for the speech madt^ on the opening of the ses- sion, Nov. 1.'), 1755, when, to quote Waller, " he broke out, like the Irish reliellion, three- score thousand strong, when no- body was aware, or in the least suspected it." Of the great im- pression made by this piece of oratory, abundant proof is given in Walpole's letters. Vid. also Scott's poem The Bridal "/ Triermain (ii. 4) and Churchill's poem Iiidepcndence (line 40(i). Singular Doctor, The. Will- iam of Occam. Vid. Doctor SiXGULAKIS. Sinner Saved. So William Huntington, a i)opttlar i)reach . and the author of numerous tlu- ological treatises, termed him- self. Sir Artegal, a knight in Spen- ser's Faerie Qneene, is the hero of book v., and impersonates Jus- tice, the foster-child of Astriea. It is said tiiat the character rep- resents Arthur, Lord Grey, of Wilton, the jioet's friend and ])atr()n, the narrative of whose adventures presents many his- torical events in Sjienser's life. In books i.-iv. be occasionally ai)pears, and is called Sir Arthe- gal. Sir Bob. A nickname given to SIR 323 SIK Sir Robert Walpole. Vid. Wil- kiiis, I'(ditir.al Uullnds (ii. 284}. Sir Bull-Face Double-Fee. A nickiiaim^ Ix'stowcd upon Sir Fletclier Norton, Haroii (irant- Icy, on acc(jiint pear on tlie stajie in tbe cbaracter of Sir diaries Easy, and (ioblsniitb in tbat of Cuninion Sense. In anotber be is reiiresented (in al- hision to bis |iensiiin) as i lercules slayiui; tbe llesixrian Orau'on, and receiving bis reward. Again, in a scpiib against tbe ministry, wbero ea<;b is recommended to till a place at variance witb bis supposed cbaracter, be finds a jdacr as til"' (iiixernur (jf tbe Falklaiel Islands. 17'/. TiiK I,ni;i;\i:v I'Asroi!. Sir Eremite. .\ S'luiquet be- stowed on Williaiu Cecil. Lord linrl.i-li. \'iil. Till: Kki;.mitk oi rie.r. M.S. Sir Fopling Flutter, the hero.d Ktlieredgf's comedy 77/. M.ni ,i/ Mndt , is said to ba\e been taken from a certain I'lcaii Hewii.wlio was a crlehratiMJ dandy of the time : .sir t iioii:i' iMlinid.L'i' was a- tlmr iiii;.'li a flip a- I <\ii'>aw; lif\v:i-i\ :e ilv hi- own sh' l-'oplhi;.' Khillii-. -p.-llC.-. .Illi., /,,/,.<. Sir Fretful Plas-iary, in lliciiard I'.rin-lov Slioiidau'v |il:iv 77-. ('rill- . 'is inteinh'.j I'.r Kiebanl ('iimliorlaiid, the ilra mat i--! . wiio was noted li.r iii- \,init\-. Sir Giles Overreach, in I'liilip M.OMtiuer-s plav .1 \. ,' H.,-/ '. /:,., 1,1.1 I, .!,'.<. is ^.il.po-rd lo he itileiided for Sir ( ;ihs .Molnpes- soii, to whom ami to Sir l'"raiieis Mieliell isaliri/.ed in tin' same comeilv under llie name of Jus- tice Greedy) wa.s granted tbe celebrated i)ateiit for tbe exclu- sive manufacture of gold and sil- ver lace, called by .Macaulay 'tbe most disgraceful of all patents in Englisb history." Sir Harry Wildair, a cbaracter in George Farqubar's comedy Th'i L'onstiint (JdhiiIc. issujiposed to l)e a portrait of tbe autlior himself. Sir Hector, in Arthur Hugb ("lougb'.s ]>oem of tbe Jinlliie nf 'J'iihtr-i((t-\'tiolich, is intended for a Mr. Farqubarson. Sir Jack Brag, the i)rincii)al cbar- acter in an old ballad of tbe same name, is intended for General .lobn Ibirgoyne. Sir John Anvil, a cbara<'ter in 77i(' Siirrtalnr, \\as taken from a Mr. Crowley. Sir John Chester, a prominent character in (,'harles Dickens' novel Ji(irit(tbi/ limli/c, is in- tended for a j)ortrait of Lord Chesleriield. Sir Joseph Banks of His Times, The. .\ nickname given to .John K\-elyn by Dihdin. in bis Lihrani ('I'liij''! ni"ii, wbei'e be .-ays: r,\ il\ II w.is ;it !ea-I tli( Sir .Iiiscpli I'.aiiks of Ids time-!. I have before liad occasion to notiii- his iiitiinary with the htiilinfr families of rank, w liieji Mjipears little, if at all, to have spoilt his iialiiral IVaiikiiess i)f inaii- ni-r and sincerity uf cliararter. Sir Paridel, the male eociuette in .Spender's /.'('/(. f.> ' // (Ilk. iii. !o: i\-. 1 1, is inteinled to represeni the Fail .if Wcstm..r,-|.iiid. l'(o'. 1 '.I. \ ! \ M( ill;. Sir Plume, in Ale.xander Fojic'- poem 7Vo /o'/.i or' t!i- l.'<,k. is intend, .(I fi.f Sir ( leorge F.rown, tliehrotii.r of Mr-. .Morley. I',./. Til M.I s I i:is. Sir Positive At- All, in Shad- \x ('.;- p!.l\ ..f / /. .s "". ;; I.n-. ,-,<. is intended lof a -at ife ii|ion Sir Koliei t I l.'W aid. an author noted for hi- i'ad pia\ s. Sir Siing'lier Shan, in I'Mmuiai .Spenser's poem 77o /./.;, SIR 324: SLO Queene, is intended for Slian O'Neill, the leader of the Irish insurgents in 15G7. Sir Sidrophel. A name applied to Sir Kobert Walpole. Vid. Wright, Caricature History of the Georges (p. 105-6) : In July, however, after the close of the session, Walpole was received in Norfolk (where the Excise madness appears to have prevailed least) with unusual marks of respect, and his entry into Norwich resembled a triumph. This, in London, was soon made the subject of satirical ballads, in which he was burlesqued undei the character of " Sir tidrophel," and his reception by his constituents turned into ridicule. Sir Thomas Lofty. Lord Mel- combe, in the latter part of his life, patronized Mr. Bentley, and took much pains in bringing forward The Wishes, in which piece he was supposed to have had a considerable share. While it was in rehearsal, he invited all the performers to his seat at Hammersmith, and had it acted in the garden. Foote, who was one of them, was all the time noting the peculiarities of his lordship: and in 1764 brought him on the stage nnder the name of Sir Thomas Lofty, in Th'' Patron. Sir Tremendous. Sh- John Den- nis. ]'id. Appius. Sir Tristram, in Dibdin's Bi.hlio- mania, represents Sir Walter Scott, probably in allusion to his edition of the romance of that name. Sire of Ossian, The. Words- worth, ill his Pni<)ir of Maj.- Gen. Geor'!' II. Thomas (].. 133) : - It h;is been said tlmt he was slow, and tliat he pained the famUiar cojrnomen of " Slow Trot " in conse- ipience thereof. SLY 325 SNA Sly Pox, The. Henry Fox. after- wards Lord Holland, is fre- quently so called : We never cjin want f<)o, - fi( iri>r/i, and by Horace Smitli, in his liijc'-ti-'l A'ldns.tea. Small-Light Throop. A nictc- nauie uiNcn to (lovernor lOnos T. Thnioii of New ^'ork. Ham- mond, in his Ilistnri/ of' the /'"- litirol J'ortirs of f/c- ' Statr / \)ir York, i;i\-es tiio followiiii;' account of the oriu'in of tiie nickname ; (iniiiediately after the i lii-tioii in I.H.'to (,fiveriior Throo]! i->neil ;i incc- lainalion for n day of tlianksfjiv ini: and jiiaver, of which the followin;.' is tlie lir-I -enleMce: ' Wherea-i the wis hut ii small liL'ht, Fhininfr around his foolstips. show- intr the thing's thai are near, while all heyond i> shroudi-d in darkness, manifesting' our depi'iidiMice upon a (io- lonj^ed snarl." Tlie lamented Smelfnnfins travelled from Boulojrne to I'aris, from I'aris to Konie, and so on ; hut he set out with the spleen and jaundice, and every oliject he passed hy was - LEMNIS. Soliman the Magnificent. A name given to Charles Jennens, who wrote many of HandeFs librettos, and arranged the words for The Messiah. Vid. Crowest, Musical Anecdotes (ii. 22()), and Nichols, Literary Anecdote.^ (iii. 120). Solomon of Bards, The. So Disraeli, in his Valuniities of Authors, calls ]Mattliew Prior. Solomon of France, The. A sobricpiet conferred on Louis IX. and Charles V. (Le Sage), Kings (if France. Solomon of Great Britain, The. So Dr. John Wolcot calls George III., King of England. Solon of Parnassus, The, or The Legislator of Parnasstts, was an epitliet bestowed by Vol- taire upon Boilcau-Despreaux, in allusion to the latter's L'Art Poetiquc, a production une- qualled in the entire range of didactic poetry. Son of a She-Bear, The. An epithet conferred on Po])e Nich- olas III., of the family of Or- sini (the Rears). l)y Dante, In- ferno (xix. 70), who says: And truly was I son of the She- bear, So eager to advance the cubs, that wealth Above, ;ind here myself, I jK)cketed. Son of Belial, The. A nickname given to Marchamont Need ham in the Mercu rius llntunnii'us, his Wclcmnc M //. // (MAI). Vid. Wood, AihiUiB 0.r,ii,;.',,si.<. Son of Jupiter Ammon, The. -\le\ander th<^ Great thus named himsell. Fliilii) of Macedon, his father, claimed to Ije a descend- ant of l[(>rcules, and conse- ((uently of Jujiiter; Alexander SON 327 SPA was saluted by the priests of llic Libyan teiniile as tbe son of Amnion. Hence by joinini; tin- two pedigrees he obtained this title. Son of the Devil, The. A nick- name ^iven to Ezzoliiio di lio- niano, the tyrant of I'adiia. He was small of stature, hut the as- ]iect of his jieison, and all his movements, indicateil the sol- dier, iris lansnaj^e. \\as hitter, his countenance i)roud, and by a sinjile look he made the boldest tremble. Jlis sou!, so i^reedy of all crimes, felt no attraction for sensnal jilcasuris. He had never loved woman, and in his i)iinish- ments hi- was as jiitiless against them as a;,Miiist men. lie so oiitra.ued the reli;;ii)us sense of tlie in'ople by iiis cnn'lties that a crusade was |ire;iehed ai:jaiii>t him, and lie died a jirisoiier. and. I'Mrini; tin' hanuiiic<-v raIN lalward lr\iiiL:. I'/'/. Fields. )'.-! r<(,n,, .r,:,, A'llhnrs (p. :;s(l,i, Sophister, The. \V<.o.l, in hi- At/oicr (>/,,> n.-^i.--, sl:itrs tli.il tills sohriiiuet wa-; ci>nfs in N'uic and pliilo-(i[.ii\ . and liec.unc -ii c|aic',v .wid iinilerminiiiL; a dispnlnnl." Sophocardiis. A name uixen lo (h'oi^e W'isrhearl, a Nc.Ich iireacher and m ni\ v. Disracdi, in liis Amenities of Litcrdliirt', says : .\ Scottisli worthy, \Vi^4.")), calls I'hilip ,Massiiij:or. Soter, or Thk I'KKsi;iivi;it, is a title -iveii to l't(demy I., Kiiii; of K^ypt. by the Khodians, he- cause he cuiii)iened Demetrios to raise the sieiie of Kliodes. Spagnolet of History, The. So ! Israeli, in his '/';/.. .v,/,, .v ,,r' l.;ii niliin. calls I'eter Heyliii. who delights himself with horrors at wiiich the ])ainter liinisell' must have started." Spagnolet of the Theatre, The. .V nieknanie he-towed on Sammd Saiidfoiil hvCnllevCihher. I'/-/. iMt/'_'<'rald.' .V " Uistnr. ;s a nickname i:iven Io.l(,-e Ki'iirra. riie painiei' .Sai- ', atm- Ku-a st iidied under liiiii. i;iliei'a .ieii^hIrd I. paint siih- jeels if hoi ror, and hi> pietiire-. tlioUL;li \iu..r"ns ;.nd pi^werfill. are L;ei,.-! :i I !y iii;ir-e and \ uli^ar re|ir( sent.iiioii< <{ n.ii iii'-. Spanish BrvUii.s. The. \ s'.hri- ,|U, t h, -i^.v , .| ,>ii \ l|.le>ns.i I'.re/ nia< .lame- .^Iar!li:l-. in hi- satirical peril, yv,. /.',> / x.,/ /.;/. ,-,,/-,,, . idial".:ue i.i. leiin- Marl Caiii- den. -n. \."v\ lliei, Clianeel!,.! of I'.nul.md, wle> " i- said to Jiave learo' .1 Si' Mii-li Viiv lale in life, tci V .id ; lie I ' 'maner- in tli.i l.inuiiaL;e h.ivin^ e.\h.in-!erl SPA 328 SPO those written in English, French, and Italian. All the world knows that Cato learned Greek at sixty years of age, to read tlie romances in that tongue." Spanish Ennius, The. A title given to Jnan de INIena, a native of (ydidova, who introduced the Italian style into Castilian poetry. Spanish Grandee, A. So John Duff, P^arl of Fife, is nick- named in the Nodes Ambro.n- auss (vi.), because he held a Spanish title. Spanish Horaces, The. So the brothers Lui)ercioand Bartolomo Argensola are called. They were both celebrated poets of Aragon, and both imitators of the style of Horace. Spanish Jew from Alicant, A, imc of the cliaracters in Long- fellow's ]\'iii/siih> Inn, was iii- tndi'd to represent Israel Edrehi, a Jewish merchant, living in Boston as late as IStil. He was a very eccentric man and claimed to be a Turkish Jew, and dressed somewhat like a Turk. He would sometimes prostrate him- self at full length upf)n the gTound and kiss tlie soil, saying to the surprised beholders that was a Turkisli custom. Long- fellow, in a letter to a friend, written in ISil.!, said he had [)aiiitcd him as he luid known iiim. He is iiitroduccd in the prelude : A Spanish .Jew fnmi Alicant, With aspect grand and ^rravc, was there. Vender of silks and fnlnics rare, ,\ud attar of roses from the Levant, r.ike an old Patriarch he ai>peared, Abraham or Isaac, or at lea-t Some hiter I'ropliet or IIi;;h-Prie^t : Wi\\\ lustrous eyes, and oUm- skin, And wildly tossed from cheeks and cljin |'he tiimliliuK cataract of his heard. Spanish Moliere, The. A sobri- quet conferred on Leaiidro Fer- nandez Moraiiii. a eejehrated Spanish dramatist. Spanish Tyrteeus, The. A title given to Manuel Jose' Quintana, "whose odes stimulated the Spaniards to vindicate their liberty at the outbreak of the War of Independence." Spazierganger nach Syrakus, Der. .V nickname given to Johann (Gottfried Seume, a German poet and miscellaneous writer, who travelled exten- sively on foot. Spenser of This Age, The. So Quarles. in his Commeiuhdory I'ociKS nil Fhineas Fletcher's " Purple Island," calls the latter. Spider. The. A nickname given by the chronicles of the time to ^ladeleine Guimard, the cele- bi-ated danseitse at the French opera during the reign of Louis XVI., on account of her ex- cessive thinness. A wit of the period called her " I^a Squelette des (iraces." Spinning- Spoon, The. So Sir llobert Peel is nicknamed in the Xoctes Arnhrosinnns (.xlv.). Spiritual Mother, The. Johan- na .Southcote. the prophetess, is thus addressed by her believers. Spoilt Marmoset, A. A nick- name given to Ugo Foscolo by Uibdin,inhis Reminiscences of a lAteruru JJfe (London, 18-'^7 : i. G7), where he says : The latter was tlie potted and spoilt marmoset of the uppiT circles in London. lie had luidouhted j;cniiis. but liaii as une:ired the Imitation of the First liijiik of Horace, where I^oni Hervev was twice altiickeil under the sobri- quet of " Ivord l-"annv," and his friend, Lady .Mary .^i()ntaJ;u, was even more venomously asi)er.-i(l. They retorted in verse and prose; and I'ope wrote Id-^ jjrose Letter to a Xoble Lord. llie ctiara(!ter of Spoius followed in 17:i4; aiui another attack, in the satire ori};inally ealled The I'.iiilonne to the Satire's (]?.;>;, hrouj?lil out a Jjoem, Tlie Difference hetween I'erliat and I'riicticdl Virtue lui-enijilitied, b\ Lord //. irard. IJowlcs is rospoiisible for the; staleiueiit that in the tirst edition of tlie Ki>ist/r Tope luul tlie uame " Purls '' instead of " Spo- rus." Spot Ward. Dr. .loslnia Ward was so called. Vid. Sala, Will- iLiri;ravc of Tlnirinuia in the ei''ventli cen- tury, because lie escaped from the castle (d' ( ! iehiclienstein liy jumidriL,' over the ri\i'r .Saaie. Squelette des Graces, La. >Lid(dcinc Cninianl. tiic dou- sriisc. Vid. Till. Srii)i;i;. Squint-Eyed, The. (lian l''ran- cisco IJailiieri. \' id . ( jcMtciMi. Squire. The. .\ name ^iven to Lyman Ilciwi- (,>uin. the actor. And rules iis strict his labored work conline. As if the Sta^ryrite o'erlooked each line. I'ope, Essay on Criticism. Stammerer, The. l^onis IL of France. Vid. Lk l)K(;it;. Standard Bearer, The. Will- iam .^Lll;inn is referred to by tills name in the Xnrtcs Atuhro- scd.nn;. Stanislaus Hoax, in Benjamin Disracdi's novel of \'iri/, is said to be intended for Theo- dore J look. Star of the North. The. A nick- name uivcn to (iustavus Ad(d- ])hus, Kinj; of Sweden, who was a Lutheran. He was bailed by the Protestants of (lermany as their deliverer, after be bad de- feated the Catludicsat Leipziu. Prophecies were a])plicd to bim, and one mij^bt have siiii])ii.sed tliat no inconsiderable iiortion of tlie sacred vcjlume bad special ref- erence to biiu. Star of the Stuart Line. An eiiilbet be>t<.\ved upon .Jami'S IV. (d' Scotland bv Wilson, in 'J'hc M,i:/o- .Mirmr :'-- .\ur dim ami ut were tliy rej.'al now, of firief and k thy jiic -h< Stagyrite, The. name for Arisioih at Staj;ira, in .^Lu A I'liinmiiii whii wa> born d'inia : (The maii-im i tured walls. Ami ,>ciiilami'~ MKinarch reiu'ijiil ill llnl\.|;ood. \\( II (lid I kmiw, 'mill haiuien I ami p.'cr. Mar oi the Muart-line, accom pli-hr.l .Iain.-' Hi- L'laci fill wiiriN I almo-; seemed I.i hear, V-, li_'liih rill trill;.' "mid tlin-e hiirh Imiiu daim-, \'i eacli. ill turn, -ome ;:allaiit wi-li le- -i,-llr.l, Hul liiiL'' ri (I -till mar "lie, hi- ruin ami hi- i.ri.ir. Starcli Johnny. .\ nickname U'iN ell I'l .1 1 ill II < 'iiiw lie. the I Ira 111 - atist. sii c.illrd because of tlic iinaiti'iabh- stilTiuss and pro- priety id bis collar and cravat." Vid. Sainlsluir\'. Iirnd' ii. in Kir/- 'i.-l, \t, u / /.. h. rs <]>. ISL'). TA 330 STO Starvation Dundas. A nick- name applied to Harry Dundas, first Viscount Melville, who is said to have been the first to em- j)loy the word "starvation," in a debate in the House of Commons on American affairs in 1775. " I shall not," said he, " wait for the advent of starvatit)n from Edin- burgh to settle my judgment." Vid. also Letters of llorace Wal- pole and Mason (vol. ii. pp. 177, 310. o9(i; ed. of 1851). State Apothecary. The. An epithet given to John Claudius Befesford. whose cruelties during the Irish revolt of 1798 were al- most beyond credibility. It was said of him that he was " the State Apothecary who put a poultice on the insurrection in order to bring it to a head." State Proteus, The. A name given to Matthew Prior, who, be- sides being a poet, was also a di- plomatist and a man of the world. He entered Parliament as a Whig and then went over to the Tory party. Disraeli, in his Calamities of Authors, says : To us the poet Prior is better known than the placeman Prior; yet in his own day the reverse often oc- curred. Prior was a State Proteus; Sunderhiiid, tlie most ambiguous of politicians, was tlie Erie Robert to whom lie addressed his Mice; and Prior was now Secretary to the Em- bassy at Uyswick and Paris, inde- pendent even of tlie Englisli ainbas- .sador; now a Lord of Trade; and, at lengtli,:! ."Minister Plenipotintiary to Lonis XIV. State's Corrector, The. So Lord Byron, in Dmi Jnai) (I. xv.), calls S^ir Samuel lt(jiiiilly. Statesman-Bishop. The. A uiek- nanu; applied to John Williams, Lord liisliop of Lincoln in the seventeenth century. Statira. in Churcbiirs poem Th<- R'/s'-ia'l (line tU'J), is intended for Mrs. John Palmer, the daugh- ter of Mrs. Pritchard. Stay-Maker, The. A nickname fri\-eii to Chief Baron Alexander Thomson by the jokers of West- minster Hall, from a habit he had of checking witnesses who were going too fast. He is some- times referred to as Old Stay- Makeu. Steenie. So James I. (billed George Villiers, Duke of Buck- ingham : The oft-quoted saying " Tliose who live in glass houses sliould not tlirow stones " originated at tlie Union of the Crowns, when London was, for the first time, inundated with Scotch- men. Jealous of tlieir invasion, the l)uke of Buckingham organized a movement against tliem, and parties were formed for t!ie purpose of breaking the windows of tiieir abodes. By way of retaliation a number of iScotchinen smaslied the windows of the duke's mansion, known as the " (ilass House," in Martins Fields, and, on his complain- ing to tlie king, his majesty replied : " Steenie, Steenie, those wiia live in glass liouses sliould be carefu' how they fling stanes." G. Seatou, Me- moir e>f Alexander Seaton. Stella. Penelope Devereux. daughter of the Earl of Essex. C/'7. AsTKOFHEL. Stella, meaning "a star, ' was a poetical name bestowed by Jon- athan Swift iipoii Miss Esther Johnson, whose tutor he was and whom he privately married in 1710. Still, The. So Cornelius Tacitus is called in The Fardle : ].")55), the word ''still" being the English equivalent of the Latin Tacitus. Stonewall. -V sobricpiet be- stowed upon the Confederate (ieneral Thomas .Jonathan Jack- son. (Ti.'neral Bee, in rallyinii his troops at the battle of Bull Bun, said: '"There is Jackson, standing like a stoiK; wall." Stork. The, in the CJialdee .\fs. (ii. Id), is intended for James Wilson. Stowe of France. The. An eid- thet given to Henri Sauval, a Freneli historian of the seven- teenth century. JSTO ;!;3i SUP Stout Harry. A iiiokname some- times ap|)li('il to Hfury \'I1I., Kiiij; of Eiifihuul. Strabo of Britain, The. Will- iam ("amdeii lias been thus named. 1'/'/. Thi-; Exclish Stkauo. Straitened, The. A nickname friven to liiipert. tlie Elector Palatine, Kini; of ( icrmany. H(! had a <;ood head antl a .stout heart, but he. unfortunately, in- terested himself in matters wiiicli did not tend to brinj; order to the unsettleil state of (Jcrniany. Tliis kei>t him always too iiiiiclie(l for money to uphold the di^^nity of the crown or to carry out any [loliey succeithet was lirst given to him in 1S17 by Alexander Soumet, au- thor of hivim Kpo}i6-, who, in a letter to Chateaubriand, called him rciinntt stihliiuf. The lat- ter used the expression imblicly. and has received the honor ol tiist giving it to llug(j. Subscription Jamie. A nick- name given to .*sir. lames Mack- intosh in the \.,rl.s A),ilirosi- 'iiiii: (ii.). Subtle Doctor. The. .Jobamies I Inns Scotus. ('//. Dihtok Siiri ii.is. Suck All Cream. A nickname and anaLTi'am on tie- name of Samuel ( 'larkc (a great CMniiiiler of bo..ks . alludinii to liis inde- fatigable laliors in sucking all tlie (ream of every ctiier au- thor, without ba\ inu an\ cream liims.ir. Sufrar-Ijip. The jioet llatiz. I"/. 'r^eiii.(.r;i:l.i:i'.. Sun God. The. I.oui- \I\'. of branee. V. I. \a. K.m Som ii,. Sun Kin;T. The. I.Muis XI\". r; '. 1,1, lou s.Mi 11.. Sunset Cox. The ]io|uilar nick- n.Miie i'T Samuel .'^ul'.ivan Co\. I ic' A miaic an !e;;iN;ator. Suiter Grammnticnm. A nick- i:a ii- -Sw n t'l ."SJui-.niuncl, V.xn- 1" T'lr i.i { ;.rman\'. SUP 332 SWA At the opening of the council I of Constance, in the year 1414], no " officiated as deacon," actuallv doing some litanyiug " with a sur- plice over him," though kaiser and king of the Komans. But this pas- sage of his opening speech is wliat I recollect best of hini there : " llight reverend Fathers, date operam, ut ilia nefanda schisma eradicetur," exclaims Sigismund, intent on hav- ing the Bohemian Schism well dealt with, which he reckons to be of the feminine gender. To which a car- dinal mildly remarking, " Domine, schisma est generis neutrius "("^'c7s- ma is neuter, your majesty"), Sigis- mund loftily replies : " go sum hex Romanus, et super grammaticam ! " (" I am King of tlie Komaus, and above grammar! ") for which rea- son I call him in my note-books Sigismund Super Grammaticam, to distinguisli him in the imbroglio of the kaisers. Carlyle. Superb. A nickname given by bis soldiers to General Hancock, "from a remark made bj" Gen- eral Meade at Gettysburg, wben tbe Second Corps repulsed Long- street's men." Superbus. A title given to Tar- quin II., King of llome in tbe sixtb century B. C. Vid. The PltOUD. Superlative of My Compara- tive, The. So Byron, in Don Jauii (xv. 'A^), calls Sir Walter Scott. Supplement Napier. A nick- name besto\ved u)ion Macveigb Napier, in tbe Kortes Ambro-- sianse (vii.). Napier edited tlie supplement to tbe EncyclofSidM Britou'idca. Surly Sam, in Dr. Wolcot's poem Ilozzg and pfozrd (u.), is intended lor Dr. Samuel Jobnson. S^wamp Fox, The. A nickname given to General Francis Clarion, who, at'tia' tbe siege of Cbarb'stou in 177(), "raised a brigade of sol- diers, at tbe bead of whom lu; carried on for more tban tbree years a guerilla warfare, often attended with brilliant successes, and battling all tbe attempts of tbe Britisb generals to effect his capture." S-wan of Avon, The, or The Sweet Swan ok Avon. So Ben Jonson called William Shakes- peare, because liis home and birthplace were on tbe river Avon. Swan of Cambray, The. A name given to Franyois de Salig- nac de la Motte Fenidon, Arch- bishop o! Camln-ay, a man of fine fancy, good heart, bumble, holy, and sincere. Tbe sobriquet was bestowed on bim in conti'u- distinction to Bossuet, who was called Tmk Eagle of Mkaux (q. v.). Henri Martin, in bis llistorg of France (xiv. 261), says:-^ The Eagle of Meaux and the Swan of Cambray have often been com- pared. One overawes, the other softens; one inspires fear of God, the other trust in God; one, while rejecting the sectarian spirit of the Jansenists, adheres to the harsh etliics of Fort-Royal; the other, not less above suspicion as to his own morals, teaches less gloomy maxims ; he has not that hatred of the present life; he does not say, like Pascal, that self is detestable", he wishes us to endure ourselves as we endure our neighbors, to proportion tlio prac- tices of piety to the strength of the body; he blames sorrowful austerity, excessive fear of tasting iunocent joy and lawful pleasures; he wishes us to know how to recognize God in the deliglits of friendslilp, in the beauties of Nature and Art. Swan of Lichfield, The. A title sometimes given to Anna Sew- ard, tbe poetess. Swan of Mantua, The. So Vir- gil is calbnl, because be was born at ^Mantua. Swan of Meander, The. A so- briquet aj^died to Homer, who lived on tlie banks of tbe j^lean- der, in .Vsia Elinor. Swan of Padua, The. So Count Francesco Algarotti, a Venetian writer of tbe last century, is some- times called. Swan of Pesaro, The. A title given to Bossini. Vid. Crowest, Musical Anecdotes (i. 215, 241!). SWE 3')' SYL Swede, The. So Pope, in The Essaij on Man (iv.), calls Gusta- vus Vasa. Sweden's Glory. Gustavu.s Adolpluis is so called by Francis Quarles, in his Kinblcuis (iv.). Swedish Amazon, The. A title bestowed on l^>ueen Christina. Vid. Massou, Lift of Milton (iv. 597, (iOO). Swedish Nightingale, The. A popular name f(jr Jenny Lind, the celebrated vocalist, who was born and still resides in bwineii. Sweet Little Fellow, The. Mar- tin van IJuren was so called by Mr. Ilitchie, editor of the Rirh- mcii'l Jii'iinrvr. Vid. The Po- Lni( AI, (iltlM.VLKIN. Sweet Lyrist of Peter House, The. .\ title sometimes given to Thomas (iray. Sweet, Melodious Bard. So Uyron, in a p(H'm Ta tli'- Karl of (_'litri-, calls 'I'iioiiias Moore. Sw^eet Singer, The, in Tho Chal- d>c }fS. (i. .".7), is Peter Hill, a yoiin^; Kdinlnuijli lnoksflhT, of wlioni Lockhart said, si)eakin^ of liis music, "Our frienfl 1 cliarricter nf Vi>],r rliirtlyex.iif.l Chunliill'^ ani ipal liv, aiiil <-erl;iiiilv irav e ri-e to a de-inn nf s\ -tilii;ilir:ill\ :itt:ickiliK the >\M-et .^waii el' I'liMiiie-. w hirli en inatiirer cen-iiieraiicin he ahauileiied. Swoet-Ton(?iied. Sn Sir Aston Coekain, in his Sinall J'<'i in.s if Divers Sets (KmS), calls Michael I>rayton. Sweet Vinny Bourne. An epi- thet frequently given to Vincent Bourne, on account of the melody of his Latin poems. Sword of God. The. A name given by ^lohaniuied to Khaled, the con(|ueror (jf Syria in the .sev- enth century. Sword of the Lord Drawn fromi the Scabbard of Sicily. \'id. Thk Tkkuuu of Tilt; Faith- less. Sycorax. A character drawn to nqireseiit .Joseph Uitson, in J)ib- din's I'ihliiiiiKiiiiii, "/ lliiok-Mad- ness, of whom he says: Sycorax was this demon; and a cuniiinf.' and ch'ver demon was lie! I will cease ,-peakinj.' metaphorically, but .Sycorax \va- a man of ability in his way. He taught literary men, in some measure, the value of careful rsearch and faithful ((notation; in other words, lie laiifrht tliem to spak the trutli as tliey found Iter; ami doubtless for thi.s lie merits not the name of deiiion. unless you allow me the i>rivilej.'e of a (irecian. Tliat Jsyeoia.v loMil the truth must be ad- niitled; but that he loved no one else Ko mueli as himself to speak the truth, mu-t also be admitted. Sydney Smith of the Gallic Church, The. An epilhet con- ferred on Sideiiins Ajuillinaris, Pisliopof Clernionl, in Auvergne, France. Henri van Lauii, in his ///.i;i;. A ni<'kname given to Johaiin ('hristoi)h (iottsched. He did niui'h to make the ( ier- nian langnagc the vehicle of in- struction for his countrymen in literature and science, hut in other res{)ects he was essentially French, admiring Kacine and ISoilcau, and valuing el(\gance. jirecisicn, and purity of st> le more hiudily than all o*her merits. In ITK) lie hail a liter- ary war with I'.cidmer.a thorough admirer of (iermaii literature, and he was caricatured on the stage cf I.eiii/ig as /hr T.i,!!. ', i. '..''The I'ault-Finder." from which time the name stuck to him, and \\\< former literary in- lluence, wliich had heen veiy great, gradually diminished, till he is now almost forgotten. Tadpole, one of tlie electioneering agents in IJenjamin Disraeli's novel (Joniiif/sbif, is said to be intended for a cirtain Mr. Bon- ham. Via. Tai'kk. Talatamtana, Our. An epithet eonferrt d on (iabriel Harvey. ('/(/. DucTuK Hum. Talazac, the liero of Henri Koche- fort's novel Atllr. IlisuKtrck, is intended for Letm Ciambetta. Talent of the Academy, The. A title bestowed hy I'lato upon Aristotle. Talgrol, in Butler's lIiKJihraf^ Cpt. I. i. '2'.t.")), represents Jackson, a butcher of Newgate Street, Lon- don, who got his captain's com mis- sion at Nas(d)y. Talma of the Boulevards, The. A nickname given to Frt'dcric Lemaitre, a French actor, on account of his popularity with tiie peiiple of Paris. 'I'his jxijiu- larity was gained, to a gieat ex- tent, hy bis selection of characters of a melodramatic styli'. in which the vulgar and depraved jiart of human nature is raised to a dig- nity and position wiiich it never attains in real life. His ai-tiiig was sonu'what sensational, and appealed to the feelings of his audience ratlKT than to its rea- son, and conHe(|uently, while jiopular with tlK> ma--ses. be was not always admired hy the cult ivated. Tam. So Thomas Camplwdl is c:;lle(! in the Xmti s Aiiihrosiitiiiv ( X \- i i . ) . Tam of the Cowg'nte. A nick- name giviii to .'^ir Tlicmas Ham- ilton, the Scotch lawyer, who TAN 336 TER resided in the Cowgate of Edin- burgh. Tanner, The. So General An- thony Wayne is called by Major Andre, in the latter's poem The Cow Chase. Taper, one of the electioneering agents in Benjamin Disraeli's novel Coningsby, is said to be intended for a certain Mr. Clarke. Vid. Tadpole. Tapsky. A nickname given to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury. Vid. The Politician. Tapthartharath, Our. An epi- thet conferred on Gabriel Har- vey by Nash, in his Have with you to Saffron Walden (London, 1596). Tartuffe, the principal character in Moliero's comedy Tartuffe; ou Vlmposteur, is said to dei)ict the Abb(^ de Rouquette, after- wards Bishop of Autun. H. van Laun, in the Works of Mo- liere (ii. 370), says: But the identity of the Abb^ d'Autun with Tartuffe is more tlian doubtful, and rests on a tradition tliat M. de Gullleragues, w}io Uved in the liotel of the Prince de Conti with the abbe, must liave commu- nicated to ^lolifere some of the lat- ter's hypocritical tricks. Tawny, The. Alessandro Bon- vicino. Vid. Il Moketto da Brescia. Tea-Table Scoundrel, A. An epitliet applied to Lord Chester- field by (ieorge II., when told that the former was jirepariiig a history of his reign. The king's words were : Chesterfield is a tea-table scoun- drel, that tells little womanish lies to make quarrels in fainilies ; and tries to make women lose their reputa- tions, and make their husbands beat them, without any otiject but to give himself airs; as if anybody could believe a woman could like a" dwarf baboon. Teeger, The. So John Dunlop, author of The History of Fiction, is nicknamed in the Nodes Ambrosianse (xxxvii.). Teian Poet, The. Anacreon. Vid. The Cean Poet. Temperance, Her. Sir John Pakington. Vid. Lusty Pak- INGTON. Tempest, The. A nickname given to Andoche Junot, a mar- shal of France under Napoleon, on account of his bravery and martial impetuosity. Temporizing Statesman, The. A nickname snceriiigly given to Bulstrode Whitelocke, who was a junior counsel at the impeacli- ment of Buckingham, a member of the " Long Parliament," and chairman of the committee to draw up the charges against Stafford ; but he disa])proved of the trial of the king, and refused to take part in it. He was not in favor of the extreme meas- ures of Parliament, and conse- quently was unpopular with tlie followers of Cromwell. Tenth Muse, The. JNIarie Lejars de Gournay, a French poet, has been so called. The name is also given to Christina, Queen of Sweden. Tenth Muse, The. So Dr. John "SVolcot, in his Epistle to the Rerieicers, calls Hannah More. Tenth of the Muses, The. An epitliet given to Madam Eliza Lucy Vestris, the actress, by Sir Lundey Skeffingtim, in a poem which he contributed to The London Times (ISill), in which he says : Now Vestris, the tenth of the Pluses, To Jlirth rears a fanciful dome; We mark, while deliirbt she infuses, The Graces tind beauty at home. Terence of England, The. Ivif'hard Cumberland. Vid. The English Terence. Terez. A character in Mile. Scudery's Le Grand Ci/nis, drawn to represent Pedro d'Aze- vedo. Count of Fuentes, a Span- ish general and statesman. TER 337 THE Terrible, The. So Ivan IV., Emperor of Russia, is called. Terror of the Faithless, The. A nickname f;ivcn to Robert, lirst Duke of C"-alal)ria, sometimes called The CuNMNf; ; Roger, ('ount of Sicily, called The Great Count (//. v.); and Robert II., second Count of Sicily, called also Kini; of Sicily. These men all belonsicd to the race of Nor- mans who started as freeh()f>ters, whose skill consisted in the use of the sword and shield, whose brains were vigorous in state- craft, whose i)lrasures were con- fined to the hunting-field and wine-cup, who entered Italy as adventtuiTS or brigands, and in one or two generations i)assed from the condition of sacy. Of them Symoiids, in his Skit/'fics aiul Studies in S'liit/t'rn Kiiri']ie (ii. j). IS), says : Holifrt and hotli Ropers wrrogood 80I1S of the Churcli, ilc^ervitifr tlie titles of "Terror of the K:iitliless " and " .>nst of honor lie r jmmI the lille of tin ThnndcrhoU of War. Thunderer of the Time.s, The. A nickname gi\cn to IMward Sterling, of whom Carlyle, in his /.i/e of .l"lin Striiirj, says : Of Kdward Sterlin-, ('a|.tain Kd- ward MirlJM^' as hi- liilc wa-. \\ ho in the hull r period of hi- life he.-amc well known in l.onilon politiial -o. riety, whom, indiid, all I'.nL'hiiid, with a ruiioMs mixinre of morkiry and respiii, and even fear, knew well as the riiundirer of the 7Vw< < liews]ia|ier, there were miieh to \n- caid, did till' iireseiit task and its liiuits iiermit. Thurso Baker, The. A nick- name given to Kobert Dick, a Scotcli geologist and botanist. He received a little education in Tullibody, where; his father was an olKcer of excise, and then was ajiprenticed to a baker. He was emidoyed part of the time in de- li\ering bread in the country, and took every opportunity of studying when there. At tho close of liis apprenticeship, be went to Thurso and commenced business in a small way on his own account. He still continued to study the geology and botany of the surrounding Country, and became acciuainted with many cidebrated scientists. While .sear( hing for grasses to complete hisheibarium. he wass'ized with illness, but was comiielled to work at liis trade for a lividibood during sevi ral months of much sulT' ring. After his death. Dr. Smiles w rote his biography, and a monument has since been erected to his memory. Thyrsis. Milton gave this name to himself in iiis Kii'lupliiuin. JhiiDoiiis, and it was apjilied to liiin by .Mason, in tin- hitter's ]ioelii Mll.<:viit:, il M'iii"'h/. Tiddy-Doll. So (leorget irenville, Lord Temple, was uickuained in the pasquinades of his d.iy. Tiddy-Doll. A name given to Napoleon lUmaparte liy .Limes ( ; illray, in one id' hi-< most cele- brated' caricatures. )/.('. Wright, (irr-'ihir. Ilisti^-ifitlir (jx^r^jcs (ol.;-ll):- On the -'-d of .laniiarv, IsoTi, when Napoleon had hi-nn hi- -v-lem of kin:;inakini; with hi- kiuL'- of Wiir- tinihiriLr and Ua\:uia, diilrav jiro- dui'id i'a i-aricatnri I of a sniierior i-harari.r. nnder llie li'le of " Ti. Idy- ll. ill. the L-reat jrin^riihread haker, drawiiii: onl a m-w haich of kiiij."^, hi- ni.iii. hopping T.'ilU, mixing up the dnn-h." Tig-er,The. A soliric|uet bestowed on I'.ih'. aid, Lord Thurlow, on aicoiiiil of his violent temper and rude manners. TIM 340 TOM Time-Honored Lancaster. So Shakespeare calls John of Gaunt, the father of Henry IV., King of England. Timias is the Squire of King Arthur, and the impersonation of chivalrous honor in Spenser's Faerie Qiieene. " The affection of Timias for Belphcebe (q. v.), allowed," says Sir Walter Scott, "to allude to'Sir Walter Raleigli's pretended admiration of Queen Elizabeth, and his disgrace on account of a less platonio intrigue with the daughter of Sir Nich- olas Throgmorton, together with his restoration to favor, are plainly pointed out in the sub- sequent events." Timon, in Alexander Pope's Moral Fssai/s (iv.), is intended for Grey Brydges, the first Duke of Chan- dos, ''wlio had a great passion for stately buildings and splen- did living." Timothy Tickler, in the Noctes A7)ibrosia)}SB of John Wilson, is intended in part as a portrait of Robert Sym, a lawyer of Edin- burgh. Tine-Man, z. e., a man who loses. A name given to Archibald, fourth Earl of Douglas. He was concerned with Albany in the death of his brother-in-law, the Duke of Rothesay, at Falkland ; lost an eye at Homildoii ; was taken prisoner by Percy in 1402 ; joined Percy against Henry IV. of England, but was defeated and taken prisoner in 1402; returned to Scotland, and finally passed over to France, where he was slain at the battle of Verneuil, in Normandy. The above nick- name was given him because of his many misfortunes in battle. Goldscroft says that " no man was lesse fortunate, and it is no lesse true that no man was more valorous." VkJ. Scott, Tales of a Grandfather (xviii.). Tintoretto. The real name of this painter was Jacopo llobusti, and he received the name of Tintoretto because his father was a dyer (tintore). He was nick- named II Furioso from the rapidity of his compositions Tippecanoe. A nickname given to General William Henry Har- rison, on account of his victories over the Indians in 1811, at the confluence of the Tippecanoe and Wabash rivers. Titian of Portugal, The. So Alonzo Sanchez Coello, the Por- tuguese painter, is called, because his style has been thought to re- semble that of Titian. Titus Telltroth. A nickname frequently bestowed upon Titus Gates in the ballads and politi- cal literature of the latter part of the seventeenth century. Vid. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. 207). Tityrus, Our. Warton says that Chaucer is always so called in Spenser's Shepherd's Calendar. Tobacco Browne. A sobriquet applied to Isaac Hawkins Browne, a poet of London. Vid. Winter, The Jeffersons (p. 93). Toby Philpott. In The Gentle- man's Mar/azine for December, 1810, appears the following obit- uary notice: At the Ewes farm-house, York- shire, aged 76, Mr. Paul Parnell, farmer, grazier, and maltster, who, duruig Ills lifetime, drank out of one silver pint cup upwards of '.iOOO sterling wortli of Yorkshire Stingo, being remarkably attached to Stingo tipi)le of tlie home-brewed best quality. Tlie calculation is taken at 2d. per cupful. He was the bon- vivant whom O'Keefe celebrated in more than one of his Bacclianalian songs, under the appellation of Toby Philpott. Tograi Smith. A title given to Thomas Smith, " for his great skill in the Oriental tongues." Tom, the dustman in Dr. Arbuth- not's satire The History of John Hull, represents the King of Por- tugal. Tom Bo'wlingr. A name which Charles Dibdin gives to his TOM 341 TOR brother Thomas in liis lyric of the same name. Thomas was a very capable seaman, and at the early age of '2") was made cap- tain of a 2S-};uM sloop-of-war. Here, a sheer liulk, lies poor Tom Howliiip, The (larliiif; of our crew; No more he'll hear the tempest howliiiff. For Death has broach'd him to. Thus Death, who kings and tars de- spatches. In vain Tom's life has dofTd, For, thoui;li his l)o, l'eru\i:in hark, and laudanum, and obtained a great triumph when he cured, in lO.jO, J.,ouis .\IV., with antimoiiial wine; l)ut became tiiu'W tlie bull of many satires and ejiigranis on the deatll of Henrietta of France, (^ni'en of Kngland, wliom his opponents ac- cused him of having killed by his prescriptions. fan Laiin. Vi'l. also H.\nis, 1)f:sfon.\n'- niacs, and .Mackdton. Tommy Moore of France, The. So Pierre dean de lieranger, the French jioet, is termed in the Xtj'ii's AiDhn'nidinr. (viii.). Tony Pasquin. -V name given to John Willianis hv (iilTord, in T/,r linri.i.l (lino liM)i. He had employed this name as a pseu- donym. Toom Tabard, 1. < ., I'mptv- J.\< i\r,i', was a nieknami! given to .loliii I'.aliol. " because of his jioor spirit ami sleeveless ap- jiointnieiit to the throne of Scot- land." Torch of Eloquence, The. .\n eiiithet conferred i.n Al Masfar lien r.edf. (idin. an or.itor of ( Iranada, w iio linnri^hed in the sixth centlll \ . Torch of Wi.sdom. The. .V title Lciveii t.> Anna Maria \ on Scliiirinan, ' ieall\' a surprising lier.>oii. I. lie i.f tlie in.'St learned w en that e\er li\cd, wlio Spoke (ircMls and wri'te ,\ral)ic, and km \v e\ er\ ihiii''." (iosse. TOR 342 TRI Literature of Northern Europe (p. 268). Torquatus. A character in Marston's Sco^irge of Villainy (15S>9), drawn to satirize Ben J on son. Torr^ of Poetry, The. A nick- name given to Thomas Gray, and it was said of liis poetry tiiat lie played liis coruscations so speciously that his steel-dust was mistalcen by many for a shower of gold. Torr^ \vas a foreigner who, about the middle of the last century, exhibited a variety of fireworks in Marylebone Gar- dens, Limdon. Town-Bull of Ely, The. One of the numerous ejiithets bestowed on Cromwell by Marchamont Needham in the Mcrriirivs Prarj- inaticvs (l(i48 Mt). F/rZ. Masson, Life of Milton (iv. 5(i-7). Trader in Faction, The. A name given to John Milton by his political enemies, on account of his adherence to Cromwell and his distaste for the roj'al- ists. Trag-asdiographus. So Francis 3Ieres, in his Pallndis Tamia, calls ?*Iichael Drayton. Traitor to Freedom, A. A term of contemi)t apijlied to Dan- iel Webster by John Quiiicy Adams. Vid. G. W. Julian, Political Recollections (p. 02): . . . Webster, who had been branded by Jlr. Adams as " a trai- tor to freedom" as far back as the year ls4:) . . . Translator-General. So Fuller, in his Worth ics, terms Phile- mon Holland, who translated a great number of the Greek and Latin classics. Transmarine. A nickname given to Louis IV. of France. Vid. The Foreigxkr. Triad, The, the chief characters in a jioom of the same name by "William AVordsworth, were Edith ^lay Southey, Dora Wordsworth, and Sarah Coler- idge. Tribune of the People, The. A nickname which Francois Noel IJabeuf applied to himself. In July, 1794, he established in Paris a journal of this name. On the installation of the Directory, he opposed it in very violent language, called himself the Tribune of the People, and tried to make himself a second Robespierre. He was one of tlie leaders in a secret conspiracy to re-establish the Democratic Cfm- vention of 179:5, for which he was arrested. He defended him- self with a fanatic's ccmrage, overwhelmed his judges with abuse, and was guillotined in 1797. Trifler in Great Things, This. So Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her I'lh/riiiirif/cf! to Fni/lifk S/irines (p. W)), calls Horace Walpole. Trimmer, The. A nickname given to George Savile, first Mar(]uis of Halifax, born in 1(>30. His loyalty at the Restoration gained him the title of Marquis; he was a contidential adviser of Charles II., and at the beginning of the reign of James II. was appointed president of the coun- cil, but, on refusing his consent to the repeal of the test acts, was dismissed. James appointed him a conunissioner to treat with William of Orange, wliom be sujiported, at a meeting of Par- liament. On the acc'ssion of William be was made lord of the privy seal. He afterwards vacillated between the parties of the Whigs and Tcries, and was the leader of a party which did so, and for \\hich he was called the Trimmer. He assumed the titl(> as an honor, and vindicated the dignity of the aiipellaticn. saying that everything good trims between extremes, as the temiKrate zone trims Ijetween the torrid and frigid zones. He was also a trimmer by tlie constitution of his head and lieart. His keen, sceptical understanding, his re- TRI 343 TRU fined taste, his placid, forgiving temper, and liis wliole disposi- tion, wliicli was never given toen- tluisi;istic admiration or malevo- lence, would not allow him lonj^ to be constant to any political party. The party which at the moment he likrnl b(>st he belonged to. He was always severe upon his violent as.sociates and always in friendly relations with his moderate oiiponents. Every faction in its day of insolent and vindictive triumph incurred his censure, while every faction, when vanquisheii or jiersecuted, found in him a protector. Trinity Jones. A nickname gi\en to William Jones of Nayland, tlui autiior of several works in defence of the doctrine of till! Trinitv, ami the founder of Till' /Iritisli l/ntir. Trissotin. A character in Mo- liere's comedy I. IS Fiinims Siirnntcs. which was intended as a satire ui>on (."liarles Cotin. lie was a man of learning, understood (Jreek, Hebrew, anil Syriac, and was respected in the best circles, where merit only could ]ir()cur<; admittanee. ,\t one time he was reading his sunnet I'rinint (afterwanls pub- lisheil ill (]-:,irr-s Unhnili's) to Madame de NeiiiDurs, wiien .Menage eiitereil. who disparag- ing the procluetioll, the two seliiilars aiiused eaili otlier, in nearly tlie sanm terms as Tiiis- soTi.v and Wxnirs (/. r.j in the plav. I'i'L also Van Laun, .1/.. ///" (iii. li'l). Triumphant Exciseman. The. .\ tille iH'Stnwed by llcrace \\';ilp'ile. ill liis letters, n|)(iii .Sir Ilobert \V;dp..le. \','l. Ilaniiav, S,itir. mill S.'tirisfs (p. Im',). Troubler of Israel, A. A title gJNell to TlepllKlS .\I(irt"ll, Wllii wrote T/ir .V " I-:,,i//lsli < -.11111, ni, a work liirecteil :ii:ainst the I'lirilan-i of 5ew Mnul.uid. Trud(?cr and Trencher. Charles Kni'^ht thus i alls John .Stow, the histuiian. True Deacon of the Craft, That. A name given to Alex- ander Pope. Lockhart, in liis Life nf Sir Waller Sci>tl (iii. 101), says": It has been spciially unfortunate for tliat true deacon of tlie cnift, as Scott called I'oiie, that lirst (iold- .'^initli and then Scott should liave taken uj), only to uhandon it, the jiroject of writing his life and ediiing his works. True Diana, The. Elizabeth is so called by Nash, in his Pierre I'enilrsse, his Siijijilii-iilinn lo the Ikuill (ed. l.V.fJ; i.p.(;4, '.K)). True English Aretine. So Lodge, in his ll'/r.s Misvrie and the Worlil's ^fl|lh^efise (15UJ), terms Thomas Nash. True Laureate of England, The. A name given to (,'harles Dibdin (the popular writer of loyal and nautical songs) by ^Villiam .^Iag nn, in his Works (v. W), to wit: The navy was then, and may it ever be so, the favorite of tlie nation. We were beating every tiag of every counlrv otl' the face of the waters,'and I tilMliu honored he his name' was the true I, annate of Kngland. True Nathaniel, A. A nicknamo given to .Joshua Sylvester by .lohn Vicars, in his coimiieiida- tory poem jnetixed to Syhester's translation of Dii ISartas: Thou wa-t no I.ordh great Cos- iiio|"iIile; Yet, much renowned hv thv vertuous Kaine A .Saint on I'.arth ; No nei'd of ^/renter Name, \ true Nalhanael. Chri-tian-r-rael iic. True Thomas. .\ nami> L'iven to 'I'lioinas laarmoiint, on acauint of his propbecics. which in imniei'oiis instances were ful- lillcil. \'i,l. Thomas thk IJii^Mi i:. Trulla, tlie prollii:ale vonian in I'.ullcr's Hii./,>.r.,s M.t. I. i. -.U'CK is sai'l to ie|ire^eiil the daiiirbter of .laine.s Spencer, a (^)uaker, TRU 344 TUS who was seduced by her own father and then by Magnano iq. v.). Trumpet Moore. A name oc- casionally t^iven to Thomas Moore, because he continually praised himself. Trumpeter of Pitt, The. So William Cobbett is nicknamed in the Nodes AmbrosiansB (Ixiii.). Trusty Anthony. A nickname applied to Anthony Aston, an English actor and dramatist. Vid. Fitzgerald, Xeiv History of the English Utage (i. ;>0<)). Truth-Teller. A sobriquet be- stowed by the Indians upon Charles Thomson, Secretary of the first Continental Congress (1774-89), who had previously served as negotiator with the Iroquois and Delawares. Tschegerleb, or Sugar-Lip, is a sobriquft frequently ajiplied to the Persian poet Mohammed Hatiz, on account of tbe luelli- fluousness of his verses. Tub Mirabeau. A nickname given to Count Honore' Gabriele Riquetti, Viscount Mirabeau, on account of his corpulence. His head was large and his lips thick ; he had a tiger-like face, deeply pitted with small-pox; his throat was short and tliick, and his shoulders high even to deformity; but witli all these de- fects there was something digni- fied and even agreeable in his general appearance. Vid. Bar- rel Mirabeau. Tubal Cain of America, The. A nickname given to Alexander Spotswood, at one time Governor of Virginia, who, among his other labors to develop the re- sources of his colony, directed his ei;ergies to the manufacture of iron. TUrken-Louis, Der. A nick- name given to Ludwig Wilhelm I., Margrave of Baden. Vid. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (xix. 485). Tullius Anglorum. John Lyly, or Lilly, is so called in some verses prefixed to Alcida (1(J17) : Multis post annis, conjuugens car- inina pro:^i.s, Floruit Ascainus, Cliekus, Gascog- nus, et alter Tullius Auglorum nunc viveus Lil- lius. Tumble-Down Dick. A nick- name given to Kicbard Crom- well, the son of the Protector. Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (v. 451). Tuneful Harry, who occurs in Milton, is Henry Lowes, author of the Book of Ayres and Dia- logues (lt)50). Vid. also Notes and Queries (1st ser. i. 162). Turenne of Louis XV., The. A name given to Count Hermann Maurice de Saxe, Marshal of France, one of the most success- ful generals of his time. Turk Gregory. So Shakespeare, in 1 Ki)ig Henry IV. (v. 3), calls Pope Gregory VII., "a furious churchman, who surmounted every obstacle to deprive tbe em- peror of his right of investiture of bishops." Turn-Coat Meres. A nickname given to Henry Bootb, son of the first Lord Delamere, created in 1600 Earl of Warrington. Vid. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. 217). Turncoat. So T^ord Byron, in JJon .loan (xi. 5G), calLs Robert Southey. Turnip-Hoer, The. So George I., King of England, was nick- named, because, it is said, '" when he first went to Englaml, lie talked of turning St. James' Park into a turniii-ground.'' Turnkey. So Lord Byron, in Do)i .Tiiaii (xi. 5()), calls Sir Hudson Lowe, flovernor of tlie Island of St. Helena. Tuscan Imp of Fame, The, A name applied by S. W. Singer to TWO 345 TYR Petrarch, in a note to Spence's AnecdoO'S, where he says : Neither is there imu'h iirrojraiice in comparing (jarcihisso ile la Vvjia to I'etnirch. I know not, iiuieed, wlietlier it is not doing the Tuscan Imp of Fame much honor. Two Kings of Brentford, The, ill lUickiiigliain's farce T/ic Rc- hcarsul, arc probably intended for Charles II., Kinj;of Kiii,'laiid, and James, Duke of York, after- wards James II. : I^ook you. Sirs, tlie cliitf hinge of this phiy . . . is, that I suppose two kings of tlie same phice, as, for ex- nmph-, Itrentford, for I love to write familiarly (act i. sc. 1). Twopenny Author, A. An epi- thet a[)i)lied to Sir Uicliard Steele by John Dennis, because Steele published Tlic 7c/aiiih calls (ieorge Dyer. Vid. An Ak( himkdks. Tydeus. A nickname given to Horace Walpole. Vid. Ouos- M.\i)i;s. Tyrant Aikin. A nickname given to Francis Aikin, an Irish actor, " from his succe.ss in the impassioned declamatory parts of tragedy a character in pri- vate life no man was more the reverse of, either in temper or the duties of friendship." Tyrant of the Chersonese, The. So Miltiades was called. Tyrant of the New England, The. A title frequently he- stowed on Sir Edmund Aiidros. Tyrtseus of Germany, The. A nickname given \o Carl Theodor Koeriier, who wrote war-songs that insiiiied his countrymen with zeal and heli)ed in the upris- ing of the nation against Napo- leon, as Tyrta'us iiitiamed the Spartans. Tyrteeus of the British Navy, The. A sol)ri(iuet conferred on Charles Dibdiii, becau.se nearly all of his sea-songs, " that con- tributed so largely during the war to cheer aiul inspire the hearts of English seamen, were written by him for his entertain- ments." ULT 346 UNC U. Ultimus Romanorum, or The Last of the Romans {q. ?'.), is a sobriquet frequently bestowed on Horace Wali)()le. Congreve was also so called by Alexander Pope. Ultimus Romanorum, i. e., Last OF THE Romans. A nickname given to Thomas Ilollis, a great- nephew of Thomas Ilollis, the benefactor of Harvard College. He himself was also a benefactor of the college and an ardent ad- vocate of civil and religious lib- erty. Dibdin, in his Library Companion, says: Thomas Hollis has been considered as the Uhhniis Romanorum in Ids way. He was, in other words, " a dear Liberty Boy," and patronized the works cliiefly of Harrington, Toland, and Sydney of each of whom he edited some opuscuhi, but particularly the Discourses of Gov- ernment. Ulysses, The. Albrecht HI., Margrave of Brandenburg, is so called. He is also termed The Achilles of (tekmanv. Dr. John Wolcot calls George III., King of England, Ulysses. Ulysses of Bibliographers, The. A nicknauK! given to Bartholomew jSIercier, better known as the Abb(? de St. Leger, a French bibliographer, of whom Dibdin, in his IJiblidmania, or Book-Madness (London, 1811 ; p. 82), says: Let us begin with Jlercier, a man of extraordinary and almost un- equalled knowledge in everything connected with bibliogiapliy and tyi)ography ; of a (juick ai)prelu'n- sion, tenacious memory, and correct judgment; who was more anxious to detect errors in his own publica- tions tiiau in those of his fellow-la- borers in the same pursuit; an enthusiast in typographical re- searches the Ulysses of Bibliog- raphers . . . Ulysses of the Hig-hlands, The. A surname conferred on Sir Evan Cameron, Lord of Lochiel. He has been also called The Black. His son Donald was called The Gentle Lochiel. Umbra, the hero of Pope's poem of the same name, is James Moore Smith. He also ajjpears in The Duneiad (ii. 50), under the name of Phantom More. Umbra, in Pope's Moral Essays (i.), is intended for Bubb Dod- dington. Vid. also Obsequious Umbra. Umbrian Gozzoli, An. A name given to Bernardo Pinturicchio, an Italian painter. J. A. Sy- monds, in his Renaissance in Italy (iii. oOl), says of him: A thorough naturalist, though sat- urated with the mannerism of the Umbrian school, Pinturicchio was not distracted either by scientific or ideal aims from the clear and fluent l)resentation of contemporary man- ners and costumes. He is a kind of Umbrian (jozzoli, who lirings us here and there iu close relation to the men of his own time, and has in consequence a special value for the student of Renaissance life. Uncle Robert. A .sobriquet be- stdwed on General Roljert E. Lee. Vid. Owen, In Camp and Battle with the Washington Ar- tillery of Neio Orleans (pp. loO, 347, 387). Uncle Sam. General IT. S. (rrant has been called " Uncle Sam " Grant. Vid. United States Grant. UNC 347 UNI Uncle Toby, the hero of Sterne's novel Tlie Life and Adcntiircs of 7'ristram >>hainl!/, is generally sujiposed to be intencled as a portrait of the author's father. A writer in ^[(u)l^illall's Ma\eiiior-' ic'U- eral of Soiid.in. Selielir Kaha- nia had obtained ureat intiuenee in Cpjier Ixu.Npt as kinir of the slave-traders, and the khedive feared bis pnwcr. Ciider tlie mask of a piiilantbroiiic desire to put down liie shi\ e-trade, be commi-^ioned (iordon to proceed ai;ainst liiiii. Ili-<,aMt on eiiterinj: \\e>t Point 111- ree.iM-.i, l)y the mistake of tlie ])i r-'iii> who iioiiiiiiateii him, tlie tiaiiie of l'l\--e- >iiii|i-on, which, alihn-\ iaieil, L'i\ e< till- -aiiie iniliaU 11^ Iho-e U-c.l 111 illijicale till ^'.)V. eriimeiil of uliich lie i- the ~er\aiit. " Ciiiteil Male- diaiil " i- an aiiptl- lafion much aioie (nnnion th.-iii I'h-.-e- >. drant; while the patri- iilic fririi'l- of the ciii.ral have jriven tlii- title seviral facetii)iis variation-, ^iicli a~ "Inch- >am." " riiciMelitjoiKil Mirrenilir," and " Cniled \Vi- Maii.l" <.nint. UNI 348 URI United We Stand Grant. A nickname bestowed on Gen. U. S. Grant. Vid. United States Gkant. Universal Aristarchus, That. A name given to Sergeant John Hoskins, who assisted many au- tliors in their work. Disraeli, in his Amenities of Literature, says : Raleigh is even said to have sub- mitted Ills compo.-iition to Sergeant Hoskins, that Universal Aristarchus of that day, at whose feet all the poets threw their verses. Universal Butt of All Man- kind, The. So Christoplier Smart, in his poem The llilliad, calls Sir John Hill. Universal Doctor, The. Alain de Lille. Vid. Doctou Univer- salis. Universal Genius, The. A title given to Sir William Petty. Vid. Wood, Athenx Oxoniensis (iv. 214). Universal Philosopher, The. A name given to Thomas Har- riot, an eminent mathematician and astronomer. His inventions in algebra were adopted by Descartes ; liis skill in interpret- ing the text of Homer excited the admiration of Cha[)man, when occupied by his version; and be visited Yirginia in 1.585, and actually contrived to con- struct an alphabet of the lan- guage of the Indians. Universal Piece-Broker, A. So Nichols, in bis lilu.stratioris of t/ie Ijiteranj History of tlie iif/htppvth Century (iii. 720), cails W'illiam Warburton. Universal Spider, The. A nickname gi\eii to Lotiis XI. of Fr;ince by his contemporaries, because he so relentlessly labored to weave a web of whicli he liimself occupied the centre and extended the filaments in ail directions. Unready, The. A popular name for Ethehed II., the Saxon monarch. The word means " witliout counsel " (rede). Untamed Heifer, The. A name given to Queen Elizabeth in the Martin Marprelate tracts. Untaught Poetess, The. A popular name for Mary Leapor, who was the author of several poems, published in 1748 and 1751, and a play entitled 27ie Unhuppy Father. Upholsterer of Notre Dame, The. A name given to Fran- cois Henri de Montmorenci, Duke of Luxeml)0urg, wlio, after he bad gained the victory over the Prince of Wahleck, at Fleurus, July 1, IGiK), sent more than a hundred flags, which he liad captured, to Paris, to dec- orate the cathedral of Notre Dame. Upright Telltruth, Esq. Charles Lamb. Vid. Old Hon- esty. Upstart Crow. An. A nickname given to Shakespeare. Vid. Shake-sckne. Urchin, The. A name given to Archbisho]) Laud. Vid. Mas- son, Life { Mi^s .I;nie ^Va^ynl:, a ludy to whiiOi he pro- fessed to bo attachecl in his eurlv life. Varro of Britain, The. ^Villi;nn t'amdiii ]i;is liicn tliiis named. \'id. TiiK E.sdi.isn Si i;ai:o. Varus. So Dryden, in his /icdi- riif/,,n iif' iJir /'.isl^ntls, culls U'homus, Lord ClilT.Td. Vashti. One of the cliaiactcrs in lliii'ine's tragedy /.'.-.'/(-/, und wliicli repicsents ,Mad;inie de Munlesp;iii. Vater des Dcut^jchen Ijiodes, Der. .\ titlf ;:ivcn to llrinrich Albert, a German mtisician and poet of tlie seventeenth cen- tury, and the composer of many Arien. Vathek. So Lord Byron, in Childe Harold (I. x.xii.), calls "William Beckford, on account of his novel of that name. Vayn Pap-Hatchet, The, in hash's Pierce J'eiiilrxtte, his i), re])resents John Lyly, the Euphuist. Thf! latter was tho author of a tract aj;ainst Martin ^larprelate, called J'ap with a Jlitlc/iet, alias A Fi.S!. It was at one time attributed to Nash, and it is written in obvii us imitation of his satirical and olijiirj^utory style. Veiled Prophet of Khorassan, The. ILikim Ben Allah, called Mokanna the Veiled, was the fduiKler of an .Arabic sect in the eighth century, diiriiii; the reign ol .Nhihudi, at .Merii, in I'wboras- san. He coiniiHiK cd bis e.x- tiaordinury career ns u common soldier, but soon n se to be com- mander of a band of bis own. An arrow pierced one of his eyes, and to hide this deformity he ulways were a veil, ilukim linally m t biiiisi If up as liod, he assumed to have been Adam, Noah, and otlier wise men of various times, and now he had taken the buman f'lin of the f'rince of Kboiassan. He was veil versed ill the arts of muiric, and piixiuied Some start ling elTects of light and colnr. Anii'iig dtlier miracles, to the deligbt and liew ildernicnt of his soldii'is, he caused a miion to issue for an entire wn k Irom a deipwell. So lirilliaul was this liiiiiinai\\ that tbi' r.-al i mi is said to" have ] ab d b. sid.- it. Tiie sultan Maiiadi inarcbed against biiii. and alti'r a hnig sieur ti'ok bis la-~t stronL'hobl. Upon th.it, Hakim, ha\ ing first VEL 352 VIC poisoned his soldiers with wine at a banquet, tlirew himself into a vessel filled with a burning acid of sucli a nature that his body was dissolved, nothing but a few hairs remaining. He wished to leave the imjtression that he had ascended bodily into heaven. Velveteen. A nickname given to Charles Stanley Reinhart by G. P. Lathrop, in his Spanish Vistas. Venerable, The. A title be- stowed on l>eda, the ecclesias- tical historian of the eiglith cen- tury; on William de Cliam- peaux, the founder of realisnr in the twelfth century ; and on Peter, Abbot of Cluny. Venerable Initiator, The. So William of Occam, the scholas- tic philosoplier, was called, '' on account of the lead he took in the theological and philosoph- ical discussions of liis day." Venn's Principal Fireman at Windsor. So Christopher Love was styled by the royal- ists, on account of his being preacher to the garrison of Windsor Castle, while the lat- ter was under the command of Col. John Venn. Vid. Wood, Athense Oxoniensis. Venomous Preacher, The. A nickname given to Robert Traill. Veronese of France, The. A nickname given to Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix, on account of the fertility of his imagination, as he has painted all kinds of subjects, involving a vast variety of costumes. Vert Gallant, i. e., Devoted ADMTiiEit. An epithet given to Henry IV. of Franco, who was suave" but brusque, gracious but awkward, wonderfully gen- tle but rough in manners. The worst ])art of bis character was his gallantry, which was con- stantly leading him into ridicu- lous adventures and domestic difficulties. Very Baggage of Noav Writers, The. An epithet conferred on Thomas Nash by Harvey, in his Pierce's Superero- gation (London, 1593), where he says: Let him be thorowly perused by any indifferent reader whomsoever, that can judiciously discerne what is what; and will uprightly censure him according to Ids skill, witliout partialitie pro or contra: and I dare undertake he will alUrin no lesse upon the credit of his judgement; but will detinitely pronounce him the very Baggage of new writers. Vicar of Bray, The. The name of this personage was said to have been Symon Synifinds; some call him Symon Alleyn. Fuller, in his Church History, says : The vivacious Vicar of Brav, living under King Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen JIary, and (Jueen Eliz- abeth, was first a Papist, then a Protestant, then a Papist, and then a Protestant again. He had seen some martyrs burned (some two miles off) at Windsor, and found this lire too hot for his tender tem- per. The vicar being taxed by one for being a turncoat and an incon- sistent changeling, "Not so," said he, " for I always kept my principle, wluch is this, to live and die the Vicar of Bray." Vicar of Hell, The. A nick- name given by Henry VIII. of England to one of his courtiers. Dirterent writers have claimed the epithet for different men, as follows : John Skelton, the satirical poet. He had been tut(U' to Henry before he became king. In l4it8 he was the rector of Diss in Norfolk. Tliis word Diss is often sjjelled with one s, and thus in mtn'riment it becomes identified with J)if!, the god of the infernal regions. Thomas M'olsey, bi'tter known as Cardinal Wolsey, the mo.st ])owerful man of his time in England next to the king, who VIC 353 VIC tried twice to be elected pope. He lived in a most volupttious manner, his train of servants rivalled tliat pi ry and in pro- niotitig the Keforiiiatioii. Ho. enci'iir.iged the translation of ' the Mihle. He was odious to the ; noliilitv hv reason of his low birth, hat'ed by the Catholics ! for having hern so liU'^y in the , dissolution if ihc alihrys, not OVer-loveil by ilie Kcf"riucrs. for he could nut ]r,otcct them from I>iT^ecution, and the king, not liking .\nne ol ('lives, whom he had heiii assisted in marrying by CiiiMiweil, turned his favor in aiioiliei- direction, and his fall was rapid. ^ Andrew Horde (or lioonlni, who at one lime was physician i to Henry VIII., a very odd and whimsical character but a man of great wit and learning. It has been intimated that he hastened his end by poison on the discov- ery of his keeping a brothel for his brother-bachelors. He was, in fact, a mad physician and a dull poet, and is known to pos- terity as a bulToon, not as a phi- losopher. Milton, in his Areo- pai/itira, says: I naine not him for posteritie'.s sake, wtioiii Harry the n iiamM in incrriiiu'iit lii^ N'irar of Hell. Vicar of Wakefield, The. Rev. Henjamin Wilson. Vid. Pki.m- KOSK Viceroy, The. A nicktiame given to Sarah .lennings. Duchess of -Mailhorough. Vid. Queen S.\KAn. Victor Hugo of Painting, The. A nickname given to Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix, a modern French painter and chief of the romantic school. The epi- thet is ajiplied to him on ain-ount of the extraordinary fecundity of his mind; his jiowcr to render his )dctures attractiv(> by a dra- matic energy of execution; his high rank as a colorist; his brilliant etTi'cts of light and shadow; his success in almost all kinds of subjects ; and his in- correct dr;iwing. Victorious, The. .V sobriquet conferred on Charhs \' 1 1 . of France, .after he had dri.'en the English out of his kingdom. Victorious. The. .\ nickname giviii to Frederick I., Elector I'alatine. He assumed the oilice of (dector for lite, with the mi- derstanding that his children should not rank as i)rincis. and that his Slice, ssir should be his nephew. A a .1 lit ion was at once formed agaiti'-t him. which he defeated, and he eiil irged the pa- latinate (luring his reign. Victorious, The. .\ nicknanni given to .lo^i iili 1., King of Hungary ;iiid Eminror of (ii;- VIC 354 VOL many, because he successfully- prosecuted tlie war of tlie Span- ish succession against France. Victorious, The. A nickname given to Ladislaus, or Lancelot, King of Naples. Upon the death of his father, Charles III., his mother became regent, and an opposite party proclaimed the son of tlie Dvi'ke of Anjou king. As Ladislaus advanced to man- hood, he displayed superior quali- ties, and by degrees drew the nobility to liis flag. He finally captured his native city and was proclaimed king. He also, after once unsuccessfully attempting it, finally captured and plundered Rome. He conceived the proj- ect of the unity of Italy, which was not realized till four cen- turies after his death. Viking-s of Literature, The. So Haimay, in his Satire and Satirists (p. 58), calls Erasmus and Budffius : They embarked on the sea of knowledge with hearts as daring as those with wliich our forefathers long before liad spread their sails on the Bahic and the German Ocean. Violino, XL A sobriquet conferred on Camillo dortellini, an Italian composer of church music in the seventeenth century, from his proficiency on the violin. Virg-il and Horace of the Christians, The. So Bentley calls Aurelius Clemens Pruden- tius, a Spaniard, who wrote hymns and poems in the fourth century. Virg-ilius Redivivus. A nick- name given to the Italian poet Marco Girolamo Vida, whose poetry is said to be in Virgil's style. Virgin Modesty. So Charles II. nicknamed John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, because he blushed so readily. Virg-in Queen, The, is Elizabeth, Queen of England, althougli her right to the title has been ques- tioned. Virg'inia's Tutelary Saint. A title bestowed upon Pocahontas, the Indian princess, who married Captain John Smith. Vlil. The F.cho (Hartford, 18U7 ; p. Ci). Vivian Grey. Tliis name, the hero of one of Benjamin I )israe- li's novels, was applied to the author himself by Tliomas Moore, in his Odes upon Cash, Corn, Catholics, and Other Mat- ters (London, 1828), where he says: Yonder behind us limps young Vivian Grey, Whose whole life, poor youth, was long since blown away. Like a torn paper-kite, on wluch the wind No further purchase for a puff can find. Volpone. The popular nickname of Sidney (4odoli)hin, lord- treasurer in 170!t-]0. Dr. Sach- everell, in several of his dis- courses, pointed, as Swift thinks, at the lord-treasurer, in a pas- sage about " the crafty insidious- ness of such wily Volpones." Vid. Wilkins, Political Ballads (ii. 85). Voltaire de Son Siecle, Le. A sobriquet bestowed by Balzac, in his Catherine de Medieis, on Pietro Aretino. Voltaire of the Sixteenth Cen- tury, The. A name given to Erasmus, a man of vast learning, both sacred and profane, and who possessed tne graces of elo- quence and the charms of wit. Voluminous Prynne. An epi- thet api)lied to William Prynne, on account of tlie great ntimlier of his works, nearly all of which are now forgotten. Disraeli, in his Calamities of Authors, says: The literary character of Prynne is described bv the hai)py e])ithet which Anthony Wood ai)i)lies to lam, Volinninous I'rynne. His great characteristic is opposed to the axiom of Hesiod, so often quoted, that half is better than the whole; a VUL 355 VUL secret which the matter-of-fact men rarely discover. Vulture Hopkins. A nickname fivon to John IIoi)kins, a wealthy jondon niorcliant, on account of Ills fallacious mode of accjuiring his ininicnse wealtli, wliich at the time of his deatli aniounted on foot through India, Persia, Nubia, Abyssinia, Ara- bia, Europe, and the United States. A most interesting man, whom personally I knew; eloquent in con- versiition; contemplative, if that is possible, in excess; crazy beyond all reach of hellebore (three Anticyr;e would not have cured liim), yet sub- lime and divinely benigimnt in his visionariness; the man who, as a pedestrian traveller, had seen more of the earth's surface, aiui commu- nicated more extensively with the children of the earth, than any man before or since; the writer, also, whoi)ublished more books (all intel- ligible by fits and starts) than any Knglishman, except, perhaps, Hioh- ard Haxter, who is said to have pub- lished three hundred and sixty-live plus one, the extra one being probably meant for leap-year. I)e Quincey. Wallace of Switzerland, The. An epitliet given to Andreas Hofer. At the peace of Pres- burg in 1805, the Tyrolese were transferred to the new kingdom of Bavaria. Accustomed to arms from their infancy, tliey rose, in 1809, as one man, and drove their new rulers from the country. They were at first assisted by Francis I. of Aus- tria, but when he succumbed to Napoleon, they were given up to his vengeance. Their leader was Andreas Hofer, a man of gigantic stature and strengtli, brave as a lion, gentle as a lamb; an enthusiastic patriot, idolized by liis countrymen. He drove the French and (Jer- man armies from his country, but, as fresh troops keiit pour- ing in, his little hand was re- duced to a handful, and he was finally betrayed by a priest, named Douay, tried and exe- cuted. Walmoden. A niclvname given to the (Jountess of Yarmouth, the mistress of King (!eorge [I. Vid. Wilkins, Politicai littlUols (ii. 274). Walter. So Henry VI IT. is callc'd by William Forrest. Vul. GitVSII.DK THK SKC()M>K. Walter Scott of Belgium, The. So H end rick Conscience has been called. WAL 357 WAT "Walter Scott of Italy, The. So Byron, in Cliilde Harold (iv. 40), terms Ariosto. Walter the Doubter. A nick- name given to Walter van Twiller, Governor of New Netli- erland. Irving, in a broad cari- cature of him, yiven in liis Kniikrrhorker Iliatorii of Xew York (Ilk. iii. cliap. i.),say.s: Till' surimiiic Twiilcr is said to be a corrujilioii of tht- orij^inal 'I'trijjicr. wliicli in Kii}rlisli iiu'iiiis (/o/><('r , a name Hiliniriilily tli'scriiilivf f his deliberate liahiis. For thoufili he was sliut up witliin liiiiiself lilve an o.vstive a scale that he had not room in his hea. r., I.e Rki.i.i- Qi'i-.tx. A nickname j^iven to Henri IT. nnt of Ills love of war: hut all his attempted achievements were disastrous to his couiitry. Warming'-Pan Child, The. So the i'lM-vri'-.MiKi: (7. /.) is called, ami the .laiohiles are termed " \N'armiriu-I'inis." The stiiiv u'lies that M:ir\ d'Kste, till'' wifr i'( .lames I h. never had a livim; cliild, but a .substitute fur her ion brdn^lit to her ill a w:irni;nL:-pau. Warrior-Drover, The. So Ci n- eral .Xiithduy Wayne is c.illrd hv Maj.'r .\iidre, in the hitter's |>oeiii 7'/ic t'oH' C'/iUsc. Warrior Lady of Latham, The. A nickname given to Charlott22), terms Alexander I'ope. Water-Gull. A nickname given to i;icharty"le; his water gull, Lord remjile, wa.s at his i-lbow. Water-Poet, The. .\ jiopular name f. .r .lohii Taylor, who ^\ as a waieniian on the Thames. Waterloo Horo, The. .\ nick- name given t" X'iscoimt lldw land Hill, an Kiitjlisli mineral, who at the battle of Waterloo w:is exposed to the ;_'n atest personal danu"'r : bis horse was shot under him, and fell wounded in tivi- j)laces ; he himself was rolled over and severely bruised, and WEA 358 WEL for half an hour, in the meUe, it was feared by his troops that he had been killed. But lie rejoined them and was at their liead to the close of the day. When the army returned home, the fame of Hill was second only to Wel- lington'rf, on account of his great talents as a commander as well as for his conspicuous gallantrj^. Weasel, The. A nickname given to William Cecil, Lord Bur- leigh. Disraeli, in his Amenities of Literature, says: Lady Kildare once aptly described Cecil, wlien she threatened " to break the neck of that weasel " ; and afterwards the Scottish monarch, adnuring the quick sliiftings and keen scent of the crafty creature, iu the playful style of the huntsman, characterized his minister, in his kennel of courtiers, as his little beagle. The weasel had all along, moving to and fro, kept his unob- served course; and, totheadnuration of all, now " came out of the chamber like a giant, to run his race for honor and fortune." That astute Machiavel had long prepared stanch friends for himself in well paid Scots. Weather-Cock, That. A nick- name given to William Pulteney, Earl of Batli, in the reign of George II. Vid. Wilkins, Polit- ical Ballads (ii. 277). Weather-Glass of His Time, The. A nickname given to Samuel Pepys, on account of liis Diary. He was the first to hear all the court scandal, all the public news, all the change of fashion, all tlie downfall of parties; and he was tlie first to pick up family gossip and to de- tail philosophical intelligence, to record every measure the king adopted, every mistress he dis- carded ; and left a record of great interest to the reader of history, and of use to one who would understand the time in which he lived. Weaver Poet, The. A nick- name given to William Thom, of Inverary, Scotland, a gifted but spoiled son of genius, rank- ing high in the order of minor minstrels. At the age of four- teen he was apprenticed to the trade of a hand-loom weaver, in which position lie strove to im- prove his knowledge and learned to play on the flute. In 18."57 he was thrown out of employment, and he journeyed to Aberdeen with Ins family to find work. At that time he made his first effort as a song-writer, and com- posed verses on the road, which he sold to the people as he passed their houses. Later he sent verses to the Aberdeen Herald, which attracting much attention, his other ])oems were published. In 1842 he was invited to London, where Ijady Blessington and other leaders of society made much of him. He then returned to Inverary, where he fell into distress, but published his Rhymes and Recollections of a Hand-Loom Weaver. He died in 1848. Weazel, The. A sobriquet be- stowed on Martin van Buren by Calhoun. Vid. The Political Grimalkin. Wee Johnny. A nickname giv- en to John Wilson, a Scotch printer, and the imblislier of the Kilmarnock edition of Burns' poems. The poet wrote on this printer his Lj>itaph on Wee Johnny, which says: Whoe'er thou art, O ro:ider, know That dentil has niurdcr'd .Johnny! An' here his body lies fu' low For saul he ne'er hiul ony. Weeping Philosopher, The. Heraclitus, who fiourislied in the sixth century B.C., is so called, because he grieved at the folly of man. Well Beloved, The. Louis XV. and Charles VI., Kings of France. ]'id. Lk Bien-aime. Well Founded Doctor, The. ^:i^gidius de Colunma. Vid. DoCTOK FuXnATISSIMUS. Well Languag-ed, The. So Will- iam Browne, iu his Britannia's U'EL 359 WHI Pastorals, terms Samuel Daniel, the poet and draiiiatist. Wellington des Joueurs, Le. So Anthony NVoodvillc, Lord Rivers, was called in I'aris. I^' Wellington des JoiU'iirs lost 2.'i,n() at a Awing. I-Alinburgh lieview (.luly, 1S44). Wensleydale Poet, The. A name j^iven to (Jeortjo William Miciiael Jones JJaikor, author of Stanzas on (Jape ('l. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. J.-.S). Whackum, the assistant of SiDi'.oi'iiKL ('/. r.\ in Butler's Ilnilihnis (i)t. II. iii. .'!'_'.">), is asserted by some authorities to represent one Tom .Jones, a foolish Welshman. Others tliink the character is intended for Richard Creen, who publislied a pamphlet entitled Hudihras in a Siiar. . Whiskey Van. A nickname fjiven to Martin viin Hureii by the opponents of Crawfurd in (;(>orj;ia. Vid. ('ro Hamilton, and for her second Kicbard Talbot, after- wards created Duke of Tyrcon- nel. When James II. was ile- tbroned, slie with her husband fled to France. She was soon h'ft a widow, was reduced to ab- solute want, and returned to England. For some tinu; she was luiable to procure secret ac- cess to her sister, the duchess, then ruling the councils of Eng- land, so she hired a stall under the Royal Exchange, maintain- ing herself by tho sale of mis- celiimeous articles. She wore a white dress encasing her entire person, and a white mask, which she never removed, thus creating much interest and curiosity. Af- terwards she recei\ed u part of her husband's pruperty, and es- tablished herself in Dublin, where sIh' 42. Vid. Masson, Life of Milton (II. iii. 2). William Prynne also has been called by this sobriquet. Vid. The Cato of the Age. William the Testy. A nickname given to William Kieft, tiftli Dutch governor of New Nether- land, by Irving, in his Knicker- bocker History of New York (bk. iv. chap, i.), where he says: He was of very respectable descent, his father being Inspector of Wind- mills in tlie ancient town of Saar- dani; and our liero, we are told, made very curious investigations in- to tlie nature and operations of those machines when a boy, wliicli is one reason why he afterwards came to be so ingenious a governor. His name, according to the most ingen- ious etymologists, was a corruption of Kyi-er, that is to say, tvrangler or scolder; and expressed the heredi- tary disposition of liis family, which for" nearly two centuries had kept the windy town of ."^aardani in hot water, aiid produced more tartars and brimstones tlian any ten fami- lies in tlie plact and so truly did Wilhelmus Kieft inlierit this family endowment, that lie liad scarcely been a year in the dischargt' of his government before he was univer- sally known as William tin- Testy. William Wastle, who appears in the Xoctes Ainhrosianse, is in- tended for John Gibson Lock- hart. Willy, the young hero in Captain Marryat's novel The Kitvj's Chen, is intended for tlie author's own son, who came home with him from the East Indies, and died at tiie age of seven. WIL 361 WIS Wiltshire Bard, The. A nick- iiaine given to tlio Kov. Stcplien Duck, a man who educated liini- self by workinj; in excess of liis fello\v-lal)orers, and enga<;ed iu several of tiie lowest employ- ments in country life, being par- ticularly ioT many years a thresher in a barn at Cliarleton, in the county of Wilts, at the wages of four shillings and six- pence per week, lie was ad- mitted into orders and given the living of Hylleet, in Surrey Ho was a popular preacher and a Eure and thougiitful man, but i ecauie insane and drowned him- i self in the Thames. He was a poet of some merit. Windemere Treasure, That. So I'.yioii, in his poem The lilucs, calls William Wordsworth. Winged Franklin, A. So Oliver Wendell llolin<'S. in a poem en- titled Kiiirrs'in (I,SJS;i), calls the latter. Winter King^, The, and The Winter Queen. These nick- names were bestowed res])ec- tivi'ly on Frederick V., elector- palatine, and Flizabeth, his wife, the daughter of .lames I. of Kng- land. I""rederiek was elected King of lioliemia by the Prot- estants in It'll'.*, but his reign was abrupt ly eiuled in the follow- ing year. Wire-Master, The. A nickname given to l,(.rd Bute, on account of his intluence over (ieorgo III. and some of the statesmen of England. He was, in fact, the power behind the throne. A caricature published in ITiiT re|iresiiits him as a man standing behind a box, with several wire-i in his baud, each one of whi(di is faslent>il to one of the mini>teis, wiio (lanee at his will. Wi.se, The. The fallowing jier- siina'.;es have been thus enti- tled: .\lfo!i-;o X. of Leon. Also Calleionate ; pos- sessed an unshaken tirniness of mind; and, notwithstanding great bodily atHictions, he main- tained till the close of his life an uninterru]ited serenity of temper; and, in an age of big- otry and ]iersecution, displaj-ed proofs of toleration and human- ity. I'iil. The Jovial. Wise, The. A nickname given to Johannes Duns Scotus, on account of bis learning, an(l for the zeal and ability with which be defended the Inunaculato Conce|ition against Thomas .\(iui- nas, in which he is said to have demolished '_'(K) objections to the doctrine. Wise Duchess, The. A nick- name LTiven to Sarah, Duchess of Marlb..rou-h. Vi'l. Wilkins, /'('liti>;il l!ii!hh/.< (ii, ^7). Wise Peter. So l'Mp(\ in liis M'li-iil /v.v.vi ('/.'! (iii. \-'.''), calls I'eter Walter, an eminent attor- ney. Wisest Fool in Christendom, Tiie. So Sullv c. tiled .lames VI. of Scotland.' Wisest Man of Greece, The, Th<> Delphic oracle thus named S('0). Witling' of Terror, The. So Macaulay terms Bertrand Ba- rere de Vieuzac. Vid. The Anacreon of the Guillotine. Wizard, The. A name given to Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland, on account of his attachment to mathematical studies. Wizard, The. A name given to John Sobieski by the Tartars, after a series of extraordinary victories had fully impressed them with a belief in liis super- natural powers. Vid. Salvandy, IJiatoire de Poloi/ne. Wizard of the Italian Renais- sance, The. A name given to Leonardo da Vinci, who was master of many branches of art and study; of inquisitive intel- lect; marvellous patience; quickness of insight ; and a good illustration of the defini- tion of genius as the capacity for taking infinite pains. J. A. Symonds, in his Renaissance in Italy (iii. p. 312), says: Leonardo is tlie wizard or diviner; to him the Renaissance offers her mystery ami lends her niiigio. Wizard of the North, The. A sobriquet bestowed upon Sir Walter Scott, "in allusion to the m;igical influence of his works, whicli on their first aj)- pearance fascinated their read- ers even more, perhaps, than they do now." Wolf of France, That. A nick- name bestowed on Louis XIV. Vid. Wilkins, Political Ballads (i. 200). Wonder of the World, The. A nickname given to Albert IV. of Austria, who early in his reign left his country in the hands of his cousin, called The Delightful (q. v.), and took a long journey into the Holy Land. This pilgrimage gave rise to many romantic stories of his adventures, which have been consigned to verse, and gained for him the appellation. Wonder of the World, The. A nickname given to Frederick H. of Germany, on account of his various attainments. Wonder of the World, The. A nickname given to Otlio III. of Germany, on account of his scliolarsliip. Wonderful, The. A nickname given to Luis Y. Argote Gon- gora, a Spanish poet. His aim was to produce something new and unheard of in poetry; the result was a number of i)roduc- tions of the most pedantic and tasteless description. Wondrous Maid, The. An epi- thet conferred on Joan f)f Arc, who was considered by tlie French as a woman blessed by divine assistance, and looked u])on by the English as some- thing supernatural. Wondrous Three, The, referred to in Byron's Monodi/ on the Death of .^/leridan (line 104), are Fox, Pitt, and Burke. Word-Catcher, The. An epi- thet given to Joseph Ritson, a noted antiquary, critic, and collector of ancient poetry. He had bitterly assailed Percy's Keliqiies of Aneient Poetry, and made many enemies by so doing, but modern criticism and fur- ther study have justitied him. WOR 3G3 XEN Lockhart, in his Life of Sir Walter Srott, says: This narrow-rniiKled, sour, and dog- matical little wonl-cati'hcr liadliated the verv iiaiiu' of Scotsman, and was utterly " incapable of sympathizing with any of the higher "views of his new correspondent (Scott). Yet the bland courtesy of Scott dis- armed even this half-crazy pedant; and he coininuidcated the stores of his really valuable leariung in a manner that seems to have greatly surprised all who had hitherto held any intercourse with him on auti- quariau topics. World's Wonder, The. An cpi- tlu't ^'ivcn to Queen Elizabetli of P^^iifrlaiui. I'id. The Miuaclk OK TiMK. Worthless, The. A nifkname friven to Weiioeslaiis, Kinj; f>f Iloiicmia and (ifnnany. I'id. The Nkko of (Jkrmany. Wretch of Sion, The. So Rifli- ard Wliytlorde (temp. Henry VII.) fieqncntly Ptyled liiin- self. Vid. Wood, Athenx Oxoni- eiisis. X. Xenomanes, ). ".. A Lover of Ti'.AVKi.. A name under wliioh Jean I5oucliet,:i French historian and pn(!t, Jij^ures in Rabelais' PaiiUi'irufl. Xenophon of His Own His- tory, The. A name ^ivcn to (JeolTnd de Villeliardouin, by Van Lauii, in bis lllstani of Fnnch Literature (i. 'JV.'), wlio says : He is the Xenophon of his own historv, having Idniself been an actor in all which he narrates; a fact whii-li adds a s]iecial freshness and vigor to his account. He was, as a consequence, more than the .Mande- ville of French i)rose, for his sub- ject was more ])ur;ypt. Young Juvenal. A nickname {;iv((n to Thomas Nash, born in irwiT. He had a pen which was often dipjx'd in jcall and worm- wood, and his coarst' \ ij^or and f^rotesiiue humor drew immediate atti-ntion to his lamixions, and gave him a lastin;j; reputation as the liist aiul most fdrmidablo satirist of his time. At the time of ( ireene's death he was in his tweiity-tifth year, hut had al- ready been sow iii<; broadcast his pas(|uinades, and often ve.xed 8iy hair. The above s<'liri(|uet is to he f Thomas Lo(li;c, l)Ut later (uitics and students liav(> conH> to the conciusiou, from internal aiui extl,H.,iv li;ind<. II. de l.atouiiie, .Ve/i.'c .sf/r .4. Clu'nicr. Young Tarquln. Charles II. is thus nicknamed by MarclKiuuint YOU 36G YOU Needham, in the firet number ot the Mercurius Politicus, June 13, 1650. Young- Waters, the hero of the old Scotch ballad of the same name, is probably the Earl of Murray, who was murdered by the Earl of Huntley in 1592. Youngr Zoilus. A name given to John Dennis, of whom Disraeli, in his Calamities of Authors, says : His personal manners were charac- terized by their abrupt violence. Once, dining with Lord Halifax, he became so impatient of contradic- tion that he rushed out of the room, overthrowing tlie sideboard. In- quiring on the next day how he had behaved, Moyle observed, " You went away lilie the devil, taking one corner of the house with you." The wits, perhaps, tlien began to suspect their Young Zoilus' dogmatism. Younger Brother of Oehlen- schlager. The. A title some- times given to Nikolai Frederik Saverni Grundtvig, tlie Danish I)oet. Vid. Gosse, Literature of Northern Europe (p. Itio). Youth of Quiet "Ways, A, one of the characters in Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn, was drawn to represent Henry Ware "Wales. He was born in feo.ston, graduated from Harvard College in 18;>8, after which he studied medicine and received his medi- cal degree in 1841. Then he went to Paris to further pursue his studies, but after sojourning in that city a few months, finding that the medical profe.ssion was not congenial to his tastes, he abandoned it, and devoted him- self to the study of philology and the acquisition of languages, for which he had great fondness. These studies he pursued with great ardor and success, soon ac- quiring a thorough knowledge of Frencii, Italian, and German. He then made himself master of modem Greek, and under the in- struction of teachers in Prussia studied Sanscrit and other oriental languages. After an absence of eight years he re- turned to Boston, and in his father's house had " an upper room " fitted up for his books, where he deliglited to read; but his predilections were for a for- eign residence. He soon went abroad a second time, extending his travels to Egypt and the regions of the East, being gone from home three years. He then set out for a third tour. Before leaving, his healtli had begun to fail, and some time after his reaching Europe he was seized with an affection in one of his knees. He spent his last winter in Pome, shut up in the house, suffering sickness and i)ain, and in the spring he was carried to Paris, where lie submitted to amputation of his leg. This did not save him, for he gradually sank, and breathed his last in a foreign land, comforted by the presence of friends and the atten- tion of a devoted brother. He had collected a large library of rare and valuable books, wliich are now kept in a separate alcove in Harvard College, where there is also a bust of him. He was a M'arm jiersonal friend of Long- fellow, who thus introduces him in the prelude: A youth was there, of quiet ways, A student of old books and days. To whom all tongues and lauds were known And yet a lover of his own; With" many a social virtue graced. And yet a "friend of solitude; A man of such a genial mood The heart of all things he embraced, And vet of suc'h fastidious taste He never fouiiil the best too good. Books were his passion and delight, And in his upper room at home Stot)d many a rare and sumptuous tome. ZAB 367 ZUT Z. Zabad, in Samuel Pordage's satir- ical poem A'iiirii (did IIusiKii, is iiitondiHl for Oliver Cromwell. Zadoc, in Dryden's poem of Ab- siiloin (vul Arhitophcl, is intended for Willi.im Sancroft, the Arch- bisliop of Canterbury. Zany of His Age, The. So Pope calls .lolin Henley. Vitl. Oka- TOK Hknlky. Zealous Doctor. The. A nick- miMK' <;iveii lo Dr. l[cnry Saclie- verell. I'id. W ilkins, I'uUtical lialliuls (ii. 7). Zilia, who o<'curs in Ilol)ert Schn- maim's musical essays (tiie /tofidx/iiiii'll'T), is intended for Clara Josephine Wicck, after- wards Madami; Schumann. Zimrl. in Dryden's play Muriai/r a lit Mini'', is intended for (!eor;j;e \illiers, Duke of lluckingham. Zing'aro, II, or Thk Gypsy, is a sobriquet bestowed upon An- tonio de Stdario, a celebrated painter of the fifteenth century. Zoilos of Quinault, The. An epithet fjivcn to Nicolas Di-s- preaux Hoileau. because of his satires on Philippe (Quinault, the French dramatic poet, whom he lashed unmercifully. Zoilus. A name };;iven to Dr. (lil- btn-t Stuart, who wasted his tal- ents in controversy, lost every trace of humanity in his hatred, and died a victim of physical and moral intemperance. Zutphen Hero, The. So Hard- ing;, in a poem in Nichols' Illus- trnlioi)." of the Litiriini IliMoni of t/ir Ki4'>r,-2. Tlic -l,S(). 'I'lic (ileal 'riaclicr of (Jardrning. Aberdeen, Earl of. Vid. (imtDuN. Abernethy. John. 17t;4-18:U. D.Miur My-I'.ook. Abinger, Lord. VI'l. Sc.\ulett. Abou-Bekr. .".7 '>-(i;'>5. l'"aili(r of tlie N'ir^in. Abou Ebn Sina. -1():!7. 'I'll!' I'liilosojihcr of Porsia. About, Edmond Francois. 1.S2S-18.S4. 1,1- I'riit I-'ils i\r Vi>ltain>. Abu Nasr Mohammed Al Farabi. ~!I50. 'I'lio < i|ilii'iis of Arabia. Abu Yusuf Alkendi. -.S,s(). The ( Iroat .Astrologer. The IMiilosojiber of tlie Arab?. Tbe I'hoMiix of His A-e. Acontius, Jacobus. '.' I.")it(^? 15;>t;. Ilitellijelile ISJiJ. Tiie Coldssus > ADD 370 ALB Adding-ton, Henry, Lord Sidmouth. 1757-1844. Tlie Doctor. Addison, Joseph. 1672-1719. Atticus. Clio. The English Atticus. A Literary Mucliiavel. Adney, Thoraas. Fl. circa 1794. Mit Yciuia. 2E3gidius de Columna. ]247-iyi(). D>ctor Fuiidatissiiims. ^gina, Paul of, or Paulus -ffigineta. Fl. seventh century. The Father of Ohstctric Surgery, ^ifric, Archbishop of York. -1051. Tlie Kite. Puttoc, -aE31fric. Fl. A.D. 1000. (irainniaticus. ^schylus. B.C. 52.5-456. The Fatlier of Tragedy. iEJfcius. -454. Tlie Last of the Romans. Agrippa, Heinrich. 148(5-1535. The Omniscious Doctor. Aguilar, Grace. 1810-1847. The Lost Star of the House of Judah. Agujari, Lucrezia, Fid. Colla. Aiken. James. -1805. Tyrant Aiken. Ailby, Pierre d'. 1.350-1410. L'Aigle (le la France. The Eagle of the Doctors of France. Le Marteau des Here'tiques. Aitken, James. -1777. Jack the Painter. Akenside, Mark. 1721-1770. The IJard of the Imagination. I'eregrine I'iekle. Th(! Hei)uhlican Doctor. Alain de Lille. 1114-120;!. 1 )()et<.r Universalis. Albano, Francesco. 1.578-1060. The Anatn'eon of Painters. Albemarle, Duke of. I'td. ;Monk Albert, Heinrich. I(i01-l(i,57. Der Vat(>r des Deutscheii Liedes. Albert II. of Austria. 128<)-1358. The lianie. Tlie Wise. Albert III. of Austria. 1347-1395. Albert with the Tress. The Astrologer. Albert IV. of Austria. 1377-1404. The Patient. The Pious. The Wonder of the World. Albert V. of Austria. 1.398-14;!0. The lllusti'ioiis. ALB 371 ALE Albert VI. of Austria. 1 118-14().X Tlie I*ro(lin:il. Albertus Magnus. 119^-1280. The (Jicat. Lc I'ctit Albert. Alblcante, Giovanni Alberto. Fl. circa 1540. Best iak'. Fiirihondo. Albon, Claude d'. 175;!-1780. IlisTliiiikcr. Albrecht I. of Brandenburg. 110r>-117(). The Uear. Tlie Fair. Tlie Handsome. The Sei'oiid liomuliis of P>randenhurf^. Albrecht III. of Brandenburg. 1414-1480. Tlie .Xchilk'.s of (icriiiaiiy. riysst's. Albrecht of Braunschweig. -12G!!. The (inat. Albrecht I. of Meissen. -119."). Tlic ri-du.l. Alceeus. Fl. sixth century B.C. The Indiiinant Hard. Alcman. Fl. seventh century V>.C. The Lydian Poet. Alcuin. 7:r)-S(>4. 'i'iie School-Mistress to France. Aldred. Fl. tenth century. The ( Jiossator. Aldridcre, Ira. l.S(it-lS(;7. The African Itoschis. Alembert. Jean d'. 1717-178.'$. Anaxajiiiras. Le Chancelier ilu I'arnasse. Tiie I-'atiii-r of l'"rencli IMiilosiphy. The Mi/ariii of Letters. Alep Arslan. -luTJ. Ti.e \'ali;int Lion. Alessandro, Romano. Fl. sixteenth century. D.lla Vi..la. Alexander I. of Russia. 1777-1.'^2.". Tiir I!ald-<(.ot r.iilly. 'I'he ('iixroinh C/.ar. Tiie Nortli.-rn Th.^r. Alexander I. of Scotland. 107S-11'J4. Tlie Fi.r.c. Alexander II. of Scotland. ir.'S 1249. Tlic l.ittlr Red Fov, Alexander, William. Earl of Stirling. l,'.S(J-imO. My I'liihsoiiliical Fort. Alexander the Great. !!.('. ."..")( ;-." J.'".. The ( "on(|UiTcir. M:ici'd(.t)i;i's Madman. That I'lllciui ( 'onipuTdr. Tie' .Son (if J\ijiitcr .Amnion. ALF 372 AME Alfonso I. of Portugal. 1110-1185. The Catliolic. Tlie Conqueror. Alfonso II. of Portugal. -12-2;5. The Fat. Alfonso IV. of Portug-al. 12!;0-i;^!57. The Brave. Alfonso V. of Aragon. 1385-1458. The Magiiaiiiinous. Alfonso III. of Leon. 848-912. The fJreat. Alfonso VIII. of Leon. 1158-1214. Tlie Good. The Noble and Good. Alfonso X. of Leon. 1203-1285. The Astronomer. Tlie Philosopher. The Wise. Alfonso de Albuquerque. 1452-1515. Tlie Mars of Portugal. Alfragan. -820. The Calculator. Alfred, King of England. 849-901. The Great. Algarotti, Francesco. 1712-1764. The Swan of Padua. All. 602-r)61. Al Haidara. The Lion of God. The Rugged Lion. All Pasha. -1822. The Lion of Janina. Allan, David. 1744-17iK). The Scottisli Hogarth. Allen, Earl Bathurst. 1G84-1775. Pat. Allen, James. Fl. 1770. The Northumberland Piper. Allen, Ralph. Fl. 1700. Mr. Allwortliv. The Man of Piatli. Allen, Thomas. irA2-lC>:]2. Anotlier Koger Baron. The Corypha;ns of Mathematicians. Allsop, Thornas. 179.5-1880. The Favorite l)iscii)le of Coleridge. Alva, Duke Fernando de. 1508-1582. Gei'ionco. Alvarez, Manuel. -1797. El Griciro. Amadeus VIII. of Savoy. 1.383-1451. Tlic H( rniit of La Uipaille. The Pacitic. Amalrich of Flanders. -1183. Tii(> I^eper. Amelunghi, Geronimo. Fl. sixteenth century. 11 Gobbo di Pisa. AMN 373 AQU Amner, Ralph. -1063. Tlio Hull Speaker. Amory, Thomas. l<;il-1789. The Eiifjlisli Rabelais. Anacreon. Sixth century B.C. Tlie Teian I'oet. Anderson, Alexander. 1775-1870. The Aiiiericaii Hewick. Anderton, Laurence. 1577-lt>4.3. (ioldeii-.Mouth. Andouins, Diana d', Countess de Quiche. Io54-l()20. La lielle Corisande. Andreas, Antony. -i;i2(!. Doctor 1 )ul(ithnis. Andros, Sir Edmund. KOT-ni."?. The Tyr:iiit of the New England. Angilbert. -814. The Jloiiier of the Franks. Angoul^me, Due d'. 1775-1844. Trine*! llilt. Angouieme, Marie Th^r6se, Duchesse d'. -18.'il. Filia Dolorosa. The Modern Antifjone. Angus, Earls of . Vlil. D()r<.LAS. Aniello, Tommaso. -1<)47. M;isaiiiello. Animuccia, Giovanni. -l.'Tl. The F;itlier of tiie Oratorio. Anne, Countess of Sunderland. -171(3. The Little Wilier. Anne, Queen of England. lt;C4-171L Hraiidv N;in. Anselm of Laon. lo.vwi 1 17. Doctor .'-;.-Ii,d:ii-tieu.s. Ansgar of Denmark. 801-8(14. The .\|i. stir < f thr Noith. Anson, George. Lord. -ITiiJ. Tlie Hull-Di'gof .Ml (irciiinnavigators. Anthony of Padua. 1 r, .")-l-."d. The Thanniaiuijr'is of His Ajre. Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius. IJl-lSl. 'J'he I'hilosoidi. r. The ri-1631. , Lupercio. 15i),")-l()i;5. The Si)anisli Horaces. Argyle, Eighth Duke of. 1823-. Argylhis. Arion of Lesbos. Fl. sixth century B. C. The Fatlier of Dithyrambic Poetry. Ariosto, Ludovico. 1474-15o.'5. Tlie Divine. The Homer of Ferrara. The Orjtheus of His Age. The Walter Scott of Italy. Aristarchus of Byzantium. Fl. second century B. C. The Corypha'us of (iranimarians. TIks I'rince of Oitics. Aristides. -4G7 B. C. The Just. Aristophanes. Fl. fourth century B. C. Tlie Father of Comedy. Aristotle. B. C. :184-;V22. Alexander's Tutor. The Pope of I^liilosophy. The Stagyrite. The Talent of the Academy. Arlington, Earl of. Viil. Bennet. Arnold, Benedict. -1801. Tlie Mongrel. Arnould, Arthur. 1833-. Kenould. AIIR .'375 AVI Arrebo, Anders. laST-lo;??. Tli; Fatlur of Scaiidiuuvian Poetry. Arrigoni, Carlo. -147.{. Tlif Kinj; of Arraf;oii. Artaxerxes. --Ml. 1 ill' Kiti.i; i>f lviii45. Tlic liiewcr of (ilioiit. Arthgal, Earl of Warwick. ?FI. fourtcontli conturv. riic. Hear. Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of. Fl. seventeeut'i century. The Fatlicrof N'cinu in Kiij;.aiid. Ascham, Roger. l."l.")-l.">t;8. The Father of Kii:,'li>h I'rose. Ashton, Sir Ralph. Fl. ciri-u HH!. Tiif Hhick Iviiijjht of Ashton. Ashton, Thomas. ITlt^lTT'). AiinaiLZor. AsmonfeuB, Judas. 15. C KkMKJ. .\I:u;caha-us. Assouci, Sieur d'. Vid. Coypeau. Asteley. John. -\'>'X>. The Fii;,'li.sh X(iioj)h(jn. Astell, Mary. KXis-i;:;!. .Ma.h)nilla. Aston. Anthony. Fl. 1700. Trusty Anthony. Athanasius. 21n;-;;7:;. Th(> FathfM- of Orthodoxy. Athelard of Bath. Fl. tw.'lfih contury. I'liilosopiius Aii^Ioruni. Attorbury, Francis. h'*\l~\''.\2. r ill II. Attila. -).-.}. The Srourjie of C.o.l. Th.' Tciror of the World. Aubrey. John. Hl_'r>-lii'.i7. Th.' Little F.osu. 11 ..f His Day. Aubrey, William. l."i_".i-l.");t.">. Little Doctor. Aubusson. Frangois d'. -lil'.U. The Maniuis. Auger, Edmond. 1." 'o l.":!!!. 'I'lie l-'reiich ( 'hryoistom. Augusta Charlotte -lsl7. The Fair-Hail. <1 I ;iuu'h!er of the Isles. Augustus. Caesar, l!. C. li:'.- A i>. II. I |e;iv(>ii-honi Youth. Aureolas, Peter. I"l. fourtceiuli century. I >i.clor l-'acundiis. Aurungzcbe the Great, liiis 1707. The ( 'oniiuri'or. Austen, Jnno. 177.V1S17. The Sii:ike>.|ie;iie of I'roso. Avorroe.s. I'l. t\\e|fi!i century. I he ( 'oiniip'iiliitor. Avicenna. '.'-n In::;. The I'linei' of I'hxsicians. AVI 376 J3AN Avila, Juan d'. 1500-1509. The Ai)ostle of Andalusia. Azevedo, Pedro d'. 1500-1043. Terez. BABINOT, ALBERT. Fl. sixteenth century. La Miiiisterie. Bach, Johann Sebastian. 1085-1750. Tlie Father of Modern Piano Music. Bacon, Francis. 1501-1020. Tlie Great Verulam. Bacon, John. -ISKi. Tlie Resolute Doctor. Bacon, Roger. 1214-1294. Doctor Mirabilis. Father Hodge. Bagenal, Beanchamp. 1741-1801. Tlie Duellist. Bagshaw, William. 1028-1702. The A])()stle of the Peak. Bailey, Nathan. -1742. Philologos. Bailey, Philip James. 1810-. Tlie Nottiiighaiii Poet. Baillie, Joanna. 17()2-1851. Shakespeare in Petticoats. Baillie, Robert. -1084. Scotch What d'ye call. The Scottish Sidney. Baker, George. 1747-1810. (^uisquilius. Baker, Thomas. 1050-1740. The Hermit of Literature. Baldwin IV. of Flanders. 1100-1180. Handsome-Beard. Baldwin, Robert. Fl. nineteenth century. The >;('Stor of Canadian Politicians. Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory. 1495-1503. IMlious P>ale. Balfour, Sir James. -1583. Ijlasphemous Balfour. Baliol, John. -i:U4. Toom Tabard. Ballantyne, James. 1772-1833. Tlie Jensiin of the North. Ballantyne, John. 1770-1821. Aldihorontiphoscojihornio. The Dey of Algiers. Fidus Achates. Jocund Johnny. John the Brother of James. Picaroon. Rigdmii Funnidos. Our Scottish Bodoni. Banck, Karl. 1811-. Serxjeutiuus. BAX 377 BAY Bandarra, Gonzalo. -1.")^. Tlic Nostiadaiiius of J'ortugal. Bandello, Matthew. 1480-15<)2. A Prose Ariosto. Banier, Johan. 15!i5-l()41. Tlic Lion of Sweden. Banks. Sir Joseph. 174;i-lS'_>0. The Ivniulit of Soho-Sciiuire. Babeuf, Franogis Noel. 1~M-1797. Cuius (iracclius. The 'J'rihiiiie of the Peojde. Barbieri, Gian Francesco. W.Ky-lCAHi. (iiiereiiKi. Barclay, Robert. imS-lC.'.Hi. 'I'liC Ai)oh)L;ist for th(^ (.Quakers. Bardela, Antonio Naldi. Fl. sixteentli century. II lianhllo. Bar^re de Vieuzac, Bertrand. 1755-1S41. The Aiia<'ieon of tlie ( luillotine. The Witlii^of T. rror. Barker, Georg-e William. -1H55. The Wensh-ychdc I'oet. Barnard, John. lt;.s.") 1T(^. The Falliei-of Foiuh.n. The Father of This City. The ( ire;it ( 'oniinoiier. Barnum, Phineas Taylor. 1S10-. The I'rinei' of Show nieii. Baron. Michael. lii.">L'-172".t. The l'"riiHh ( larrick. Tlie I'oseius of I'"raiiee. Barros, Joao de. 1 l".t*;-i,"(). Tlie Livy of Porlut^al. Bart, Jean. lt;,M)-]7(r_'. Tlie FreiH'li 1 )e\ il. Barton, Bernard. 17.S1-1S49. The (.)uaker Poet. Barton, Elizabeth. -I."."4. The Holy .Maid (.f Kent. 'i'lic Nun of Kent. Baskerville, John. 17<'<">-I77."). 'I'he .Iiii-on of His Day. Basselin, Olivier. -I lis. 'l"he .Xnacri'on of JFis D.ay. The Father of P)a(ihanaiian Poetrv in Franco. The Father of the Vaudeville. 'I'iie I'"m iK.h I>runken IJarnahy. Bassovi, Giacomo. 1().Sl'-17S.';. Cervrtto. Bassol. John. i:'.|7. |)<"tiT ( rdinalissimus. Bates, William, loj.'i-lti'.f.i. Sih c r-Tiinuued. Bath, Enrl of. I-/. Pii.tknky. Baxter, Ric-hnrd. lid.^) lii'.il. The Fnuli'^li Demosthenes. BayfM-, Mr. 17'.M. .lulin ( ;il]>in. BAY 378 BEN Bayle, Pierre. lG47-]70(). Tlie Father of Modern Scepticism. Bazzi, Giovanni de. 1477-1549. 11 Sodoina. Beattie, James. 17.'')5-1802. Bard of the North. Betty. Beauchamp, Richard de, Twelfth Earl of Warwick. 1382-1439. Tlie Father of Curtesie. The Good. Beaufort, Prangois de Vendome. 1616-16(39. The King- of the Markets. Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin. 1732-1799. Tiie Fi.i;aro of His Age. Tlie Prince of Quarrellers. Beaumont, :^on de. 1728-1810. Le Chevalier d'l'^in. Beauregard, General P. G. T. 18K-. The Little Napoleon. Old Bory. Beckford, William. 17G0-1844. Vathek. Eeckx, Peter. 1794-1887. The Black Pope. Beda. ()72-7.'ir). Tlie Venerable. Beda, 6lie. ?1596-. Desfonandres. Beda, Noel. -1537. The Great Sopper. Bedford, John, Duke of. 1.789-1435. John with the Leaden Sword. Beethoven, Ludw^ig von. 1770-1827. Rodomant. Beham, Hans Sebald. FI. sixteenth century. The Little Master. Behn, Mrs. Aphra. 1642-1689. Astraja. B^jart, Armande. Vid. MoLiiRE. Bejart, Louis. I()o0-l(i78. The Sharp One. Bek, Anthony. -1310. The King of the Isle of Man. Belgrave, Lord. Vid. Guoi-vexor. Belleau, Remi-. 1528-1577. The Painter of Nature. Bello, Francesco. Fl. fifteenth ceutury. II Cieco. Belsunce, Henri Frangois. 1G71-1755. The Good Bishop. Bembo, Pietro. 1470-1547. The Foster-Father of Our Ijanguage. The Guide and Master of Our Tongue. Benbow, John. 1G5O-1702. Old Benhow. Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington. Fl. 1700. Eliab. BEN o79 BID Bensley, Robert. 17:>-1817. U(j1) of tli(^ (Jardcn. Bentham, Jeremy. 1718-18;;'_'. .Jerry tiio Old Scn^w. The C|Jiiceii-S(iuare Hermit. Bentivoglio, Guido. ir)7'.>-l(J44. All Ornuiiieiit of It.aly. Bentley, Joanna. Fl. 1800. I'licuhe. Bentley, Richard. l(i(;i-1742. The iVristurclms of L'aiiihridso. Benton, Thomas Hart. 17811-1852. Old liulli<^n. Beolco, Angelo. l.j()'J-151"2. The Faneur. BeoTVulf. '! Fl. fourth century. 'I'he Arhiiles of the North. B^ranger, Pierre Jean de. 1780-1857. Tiie l''reii('h IJuni.s. TIk' Horace of France. The Tuiimiy .Moore (if I'' ranee. Beresford, John Claudius. Fl. circa 17iH. Tlu5 Court llisterian. The State A))othecary. Berkeley, George. I(i8 1-175;!. The Irish I'lato. Berliching-en, Goetz von. 1480-l.j()2. Iron-Hand. Bernacchi, Antonio. I()<.t0-17>'(). lie (hi ( antatori. Bernard. Claude. l,").ss hJU. I'ooi- Hiinard. Bernard, Pierre Joseph. 1710-1775. Le < lelilil I',einai(l. Bernard, Samuel. 1(151 -17o'.>. LuciiUus. Bernard, Solomon. Fl. si.xteentli century. Le !'( tit Hcriiard. Bernardo, Cardinal. 1170-1520. 11 IJihhi.na. Berners, Juliana. Fl. lifteentli century. .Vndiier I iaiia. Berni, Francesco. 14'.K>-15.'iO. Shernia. Berni, Frangois Joachim. 1715-]7'.U. The Kill- of U( me. Berthollet, Claude Louis, Count. 174.s-lS'_"j. Tile .Martyr to Science. Bettorton. Thomas. 111-5 1710. The i!rit ish Kc scius. Betty. William Henry West. 17'.H)-1S74. Tlie \'oilliu Kcseius. Bidder. George Parker. istXi 1S7S. The Calculator. Biddlo, John. M15 10<.'_*. Tlie l''ath(T(if IOnj;li.>02-lCyC)2. Master Adain. Bindley, James. 1737-1818, Leoiites. Bismarck, Prince. 1813-. Siffi'oi. Black, Joseph. 1728-1799. The Nestor of tlie Chemical Revolution. Black, Mrs. -187ii. Tlie Maid of Athens. Blackmore, Sir Richard. 1G50-1729. Those lUockheads of Renown. Our Bold Briton. The Cheapside Knight. Tlie City Bard. The Knight Physician. Maurus. Quack Mmirus. Blackwood, William. 1777-1834. Ebony. Blaine, James Gillespie. 1830-. The Phiiiud Knight. Blanchard. Jacques. -1G38. The French Titian. Blanche of Castile. 1187-1252. Dame Ih^rseut. Bloomfleld, Nathaniel. Fl. circa 1809. , Robert. 17(lti-1823. The C()l)hler Laiireat(^s. Blount, William, Lord Mountjoy. -1534. Maecenas. Bliicher, Lebrecht von. 1742-1819. Marshal Forward. Boaden. James. 1 702-1839. Billy-thc-go-by. Boccaccio, Giovanni. 1313-1375. The Bard of Prose. The Father of Italian Novelists. Tlie Prince of Story-Tellers. Boehme, Jacob. l."7.')-l()24. Philosoi)hiis Tcutonicus. The Teutonic, Tlieoso])lier. Boerhaave, Herman. l(i(),S-1758. The Father of Modern Physic. The Hippocrates of Our Age. Boetius. Fl. fifth century. The Captain in Music. The Prince in Music. Boileau. Vid. Dp:spi!eaux. Boisjolin. Jacques Frangois. 1701-1841. The Freneh Ph'iismus Darwin. Boleslas I. of Poland. -1025. Cieur (le Licni. The Intrepid. Bolivar, Simon. 178,")-1831. The luherator. The Washington of Colombia. BOL 381 BOS Bolingbroke. Vid. St. John. Bonaparte, Napoleon. 17t)i>-1821. The Armed Soldier of Democracy. Honey. The Eagle. Father Violet. A French Coxcomb. Le Cieneral Entrepreneur. God Haniunan. God of Clay. The Ileiv o"f the Republic. Jean d'l^poe. Jupiter Scapin. Tlie Little Corporal. The Man of Destiny. The New Sesostris. The Nightmare of Europe. Tiddy-Doll. Bonaparte, Prince Napoleon Joseph Charles. 1822-. I'lon-l'lon. Boniface VIII. 122H-i;:o;i. Tiie Leader of tlie Modern Pharisees. Misleader of the I'apacy. The Prinre of tlie New Pliarisees. Bonner, Edmund. -!'>('>'.). London Litth'-Grace. Bonneval, Alexandre. I(i75-1747. Achmet Pasha. Bonnlv0.rd, Francois de. 149(;-1571. Tlic Prisoner of (liillon. Bonvicino, Alessandro. 1514-l.'V>i. II Munttn da Prcscia. Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington. 1651-1094. TiirM-coat Meres. Borde, Andrew. i:)(M)-l.")4'.t. .M-l!iG(5. 'I'iic Kiij^lisli Aiiacri'on. Brome, Richard. -ltfc'>_'. Bt'ii JoTison's Servant and Pupil. Brooke, Henry, Lord Cobham. -KilO. Lord Sycoidiaiit. Brooke, Ralph. -W>2r>. A t'liolcric Horault. Brooks, Mrs. 1 795-1 S45. Maria del Oocidcnte. Brougham, Henry, Lord. 1778-1868. JUundcrinj; Uroughani. Dominie Hairy. Foaming Fudge. The (iod of Whiggi.sli Idolatry. Harry Twitchcr. .lupiter Placeii.s. Brown, Sir George. I(;'.l8-17>t2. Sir Flume. Brown, Dr. John. -17()<). Lcucojihanis. Brown, Launcelot. Fl. eighteenth century. ('aiial)ility lirown. Browne, Charles Farrar. 1H.">4-18()7. The Delicious. Browne, Isaac Haw^kins. 17()(i-1760. 'I'oli.ac'co IJruwnc. Brow^ning, Robert. 1S1_'-. 'I'lic Danton of Mudrm I'oetry. Bruce, James. I7.'t)- ITm. Abyssinian ISruci'. Sagaiinus Terrier. Bruce, Thomas, Lord Elgin. 1771-1841. Tlie .M.d- rn I'irt. Brummel. George Bryan. 1778-1K40. Deuu r>ruMiuii'l. Puck 15ruiuni-1860. Good Friday. Bunyan, John. 1628-1688. The Immortal Dreamer. The Immortal Tinker. The Insjjired Tinker. Buonaccordi, Filippo. -1496. The Italian Callimachus. Buonarotti, Michael Angelo. 1475-1564. The Divine Madman. The Interpreter of the Renaissance. The Salt of Art. Burbage, Richard. -1620. Another Koscius. Burdett, Sir Francis. 1770-1844. England's Pride. The Piccadilly I'oet. Burges, James Bland. -1824. Jamie. Burgoyne, John. -1792. Chrononhotonthologus. That Martial Macaroni. Sir Jack Brag. Burgundy, Philip, First Duke of. 1-342-1404. The Bold. Burgundy, Jean, Second Duke of. i;571-1419. The Fearless. Sans Pcur. Burgundy, Philip, Third Duke of. l.']96-1467. The (iood. The Great Duke of the West. Burgundy, Charles, Fourth Duke of. 1435-1477. The Audacious. The Pold. Burke, Edmund. 1730-1797. Paddy Purke. The Scientific Statesman. Burleigh, Lord. Vid. Cecil. Burleigh, Walter. 1275-K557. Doctor Planus et Persi)icuus. Burnet, Gilbert. 1643-1715. Balak. BUR 385 liYli Burnet, Gilbert {continued). The IJusy Scotch Parson. The IJuzzard. The English Euscbius. Cil. Tlie Lyinj? Scot. The Noble iJuzzard. Bumey, James. 1731^1820. The Admiral. Burns, Robert. ]759-17- 1(^4(1. Tlif Morning Star of Stcjiiiey. Burrowes, Peter. 17.")2-1S41. Tlie (ioldsiiiith of the Bar. Burton, Captain Richard. 1HJ1-. The .Moih'rn Adniiiaiilc C'richton. Bus, Csesar du. I.'i44-lti07. Tiic Founder of the Fathers of Christian Doctrine. Bute, Lord. 17i:H7;i2. Another Machiavel. The Wise Master. Butler, Benjamin F. 1818-. Cock-eye. PicMvuue Putler. Butler, Dr. -Iiil7. The yKscul:i|iius of That -Ago. Butler, Bishop Joseph. lii'.L'-17.52. The P.a(;(ii\ of Tlieoln^v. Butler, Samuel. KHJ-hiso. The (ilovy ;uid the Scandal of Ilis .\ge. Buxton. Jedediah. -177."). I'he Calculator. Byron. Lady Augusta Ada. 1S1,">-1852. .\da. The Little Kleetra. Byron. Commodore. 17'j;'i-17S(;. Foul-Weather ,Lu-k. Byron. Lord Georg-e Gordon. 1788-1824. The I'.alaaiu cf I'.aron. P.ard (d Cor^ai^. The Conius of Poetry I taina'tas. Don Jose. BYR 386 CAM Byron, Lord George Gordon (continued). Don Juan. A Literary Vassal. Lord Glenarvon. The Mocking-Bird of Our Parnassian Ornithology. Byron, Lady. 17y2-18(jO. My Moral Clytemnestra. CADE, JOHN. Fl. 1450. Jack- Amend- All. Cadoudal, Georges. 1771-1804, The Great Bullet-Head. Csedmon. Fl. seventh century. The Dreamer of Wliithy. The Father of English Song. Csssar, Julius. B. C. 100-44. Daplinis. The Flower of All the Aristocrats. Caffarelli. 1703-1783. The Insolent. Cagliostro. 174;M795. The BuU-Xecked Forger. Caillet, Guillaume. -i;559. Tlie Jack Cade of France. Cairo, Francesco. 15y8-l(J7'4. II Cavaliere del Cairo. Caius Marius. B. C. 157-86. The Tiiird Founder of Home. Calvin, John. 150f>-15G4. The Accusative. The Democritus of the Sixteenth Century. The Demon of Geneva. An Imi)ostor. Jack. Jack Asse. Panurge. The Pope of the Reformation. A Predestinator. Usinulea. Cambio, Arnolfo del. 1232-1300. The Michael Angelo of the Middle Ages. Cambyses, King of Persia. -521 B. C. Ahasuerus. Camden, Earl of. 1713-17!M. Our Spanish Cato. Camden, William. 1.551-1623. The British Pausanias. Tlie British Pliny. The English Strabo. Tlie Nurse of Antifpiity. The Pausanias of Britain. Scliool-.Master Camden. Tlie Varro of Britain. Cameron, Donald. -1748. The Gentle Lochiel. Cameron, Sir Evan. -1719. The Black. CAM 387 CAS Cameron, Sir Evan (continued). Ewan Dim. Loohiel. The Ulysses of the Highlands. Camoens, Luis. 1.524-1579. The Apollo of Portugal. The O rent. The Iloiiu'.r of T'ortugal. Campbell, Alexander. 17t>4-1824. Dimiiie-Wiissail. Campbell, Mary. -178(i. ili;;iihni.l .Mary. Campbell, Mrs., lu'r Miss Young. FI. circa 1743. Aiiiaii(l:i. Campbell, Robert Macgregor. 1()(W-1735. Koh Hoy. Tlie Kohiii Hoixi of the Lowlands. Campbell, Thomas. 1777-1844. Tlic Hard of Hope. Till' Dromedary. Iain. Campi, Bernardino. l.")22-l.')!)0. I'iic Aiiiiihale Carai'ci of the Eclectic School. Canning, George. 1770-1827. .EollK. A Hra/c!i Defender of Corruptions. Charlatan ( las. Tlie Cicero of the British Senate. .locuhir Samson. W'entworth. Cano, Alonzo. lt;iXVl(;7(). The Michael .\ii!,'elo of Spain. Canute of Denmark. -10:kj. The Creat. Capern, Edward. 1H1'.>-. TIjc I'ostman I'oet. The Rural I'oslmau of I5ideford. Carausius, Marcus. 2.'><)-2'.i:{. The I )Mteli Augustus. Carleton, William, riis-ist;'.). The I'losi' iiurnsof Ireland. Carlyle. Alexander. 1722- ISO,'). .1 upiter ( 'arlyle. Carlyle, Thomas. 17U."-l.ssi. Doctor Pessimist Auticant. Carr, Sir John. !772-l.s;i2. The .launtiut; (,'arr. Carstalrs. William. ltil!>-171.'). Canliual ( 'arstairs. Oartwright, William. Itiii-ici:?. .\niither Tully and \'iru'il. I >rusns. Carvalho, Sobastiano Jose de, Marquis de Pombal. lfi'.>1)-1782. Tile ( Ireat Mari|uis. Casa, Giovanni della. l.">(l.W-l.V.ii. The i.onl Chrstertieldof Italy. Ca.-iimir II, of Poland. li:W-ll'.4. Tlie .lu.st. CAS 388 CHA Casimir III. of Poland. 1309-1370. The Great. Caslon, William, 1692-1766. The Corvpha3US of Letter-Founders. Cassagnac, Paul de Granier de. 1840-. Scrvacis. Castel, Guido di, of Reg-gio. Fl. circa 1300. The Simple Lombard. Castiereagh, Viscount. 1769-1822. Carotid-artery cutting. Derrydown Triangle. The Intellectual Eunuch. Castriota, George. 1414-1467. Scanderbeg. Tlie White Devil of Wallachia. Catesby, William. -1485. The Cat. Catharine of Aragon. 1483-1536. GrysiUle tlie Seeonde. Catharine II. of Russia. 1729-1796. Tlie Modern jVIessalina. The Semiramis of the North. Catinat, Nicholas. -1712. Father Thoughtful. Catullus, Caius Valerius. 87-130, Doctus. Cavalcenti, Guido. -1300. The Other Eye of Florence. Cavendish, William George. 1790-1858. Tlie Ma'cenas and Lucullus of His Island. Caxton, William. 1412-1491. Tlie Father of English Printing. The Father of tlie Britisli Press. Cecil William, Lord Burleigh. 1520-1598. The Eremite of Tibbals. Sir Eremite. Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh. 1563-1612, The Little Beagle. Macliiavel. The Weasel. Cenci, Beatrice. -1599. I^a Belle Parricide. Centlivre, Mrs. Susannah. -1723. Cloe. Cerquozzi, Michael Angelo. 1600-1660. The Michael Angelo of Battle Scenes, Cervantes, Miguel de. 1547-1616. The ^'Eschylus of Spain. Chalmers, George. 1742-1825. The Atlas of Scotch Antiquaries. Aurclius. Chamberlain, Joseph. 183(i-. Casca. Chambers, Sir William. 1726-1796. The Lime and Mortar Knight. Champagne, Philippe de. 1002-1674, The Painter of Jansenism. CHA 389 CUA Champeaux, "William de. Fl. twelfth century. The Pillar of iJoctors. The Venerable. Champion, Edme. 1764-1853. The Little lUue-Cloak. Chandler, Zachariah. 181.3-1879. Honest Old Zaoh. Chandos, Lord. I'id. liKyncKs. Chapman, George. ir>.")7-l<).}4. Silver-Whisker{'(l Chapman. Charles, Archduke of Austria. 1771-1847. Esciuire South. Charles of Austrasia. (JBi)^ 741. M artel. Charles I. of England. 1(300-1049. IJahy C-harh'S. Britain's Josiah. The Last Man. The Man of l!l(K>d. The Martjr King. Psoudoi>hitarc!i. The Koyal .Martyr. The White Kiiifj;. Charles II. of England. 1G.30-1(5. Ania/ia. Blackbird. Bonny Blaek Boy. C'ainillus. David. Fabius. The (Jreat Physician. The Merry Monareh. The Mutton-Eatinj; King. OhI Ilowlev. The Koyal Wanderer. Our St'ttinj; Sun. The Son of tlie Last Man. Yoniij; Tar()uin. Charles I. of France. K'_>-2-.S77. The Bald. Most Chiistiaii Kin.i,'. Charles II. of France. .s:'.L'-888. Tlie F:it. Charles III. of France. STiM.rjtt. 'I'lie Simple. Charles IV. of France. 12',t.'^l:'.'J8. Lr P..1. Tlic Fair. Charles V. of France. i:'.:;7-i:i.sO. Le Saur. 'l"lu' Solomon of France. The Wise. Charles VI. of France. ]:'Ji.s 1 r_**_'. Lc liicn-aiiiic. The Well licloved. Charles VII. of France, lid.; 14(11. I>e Biin Servi. CHA 390 CHA Charles VII. of France {continued). Tlie King of Bourges. The King of Kings. The Mark Tapley of Kings. The Victorious. Charles VIII. of France. 1470-1498. The Affable. Flagcllum Dei. Tlie King of tlie Beggars. Tlie Scourge of God. Charles IX. of France. 1550-1574. Pollcnte. Charles X. of France. 1757-18.36. The First Gentleman of Europe. Charles I. of Germany. 742-814. Cliarlemagne. The (4reat. Charles IV. of Germany. 1316-1378. i)er Pfaffen-Kaiser. Tlie Pope's Kaiser. Charles V. of Germany. 1500-1558. A Discrowned Glutton. The Harlequin. A Second Charlemagne. Charles III. of Lorraine. -1G08. The Great. Charles II. of Naples. 1248-1309. The Crip])Ie of Jerusalem. The Lame. Charles II. of Navarre. -1387. The Bad. Charles III. of Navarre. 1361-1425. Tlie Noble. Charles II. of Spain. 1661-1700. Lord Strutt. Charles XII. of Sweden. 1682-1718. The Alexander of the North. The Brilliant Madman. Tlie Madman of the North. The (^lixote of the North. Charles Emanuel I. of Savoy. -1630. The Great. Charlier de Gerson, Jean. 1.363-1429. Doctor Christian issimus. Chartier. Alain. i;iS6-J458. The Father of French Ehxjuence. Charton. Louis. -1684. Lc President je dis ea. Chatelet, Madame. Fl. eighteenth century. The Divine Eiiiilie. Chatterton, Thomas. 1752-1770. The ]!ristol Bo}'. The Marvellous Bov. Chaucer, Geoffrey. l.;28-]400. Tin; I5eaiuie of Oure Tongue. Our English Homer. The Father of English Poetry. CIIA 091 CHU Chaucer, Geoffrey (continued). The Flower of Poets. The God of English Poets. Our Tityrus. Chaulieu, Guillaume Amfrye de. 1^30-1720. Tiie Anacieon of the J^eople of Quality. The AiKicreoii of the Temjile. The (raul Narciuois of Parisian Society. The Tom Moore of France. Cheke, Sir John. 1514-1.'')57. The Exciie^iucr of Eloquence. Ch^nler, Andr6. 17(i2-17!>4. The Adonaisof the French Revolution. The Yoiini^ Hwan. Cheotsin. Fl. twelfth century. The Sanhuiapalus of China. Chesterfield, Lord. Vid. Stanhope. Chevaher, Sulpice Paul. IKUi-lStW. (iavarni. Chiabrera, Gabriello. l'>,72-\ii:'u . The Italian Pindar. The Pindar of Italy. Cholseul, Stephen Francis, Due de. 1714-1785. Le (iK Inr de I'Enrojie. Chosroes I. of Persia. ool-a7;i. Tiic .Mai;iiiticcnt. Noushirwan. Christian II. of Denmark. 1480-loolt. Tlie Anj;ry. Tlie Nero of the North. Christian III. l.")<)i.'-1.5.7,. The Father of His People. Christina of Sweden. Iti'ii^-liWl). Tlie Heavenly Heroine. The Miracle of Nature. The Swedish .Vmazon. The Tenth Muse. Christopher III. of Norway. -1448. The Kiiif; of Park. Chrysippus. P.C. '2.S( -:.'( )7. Til'' Knifi'of Academic Knots. Chudleitrh, Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston. 1720-1788. Kitiv Crocodile. Churchlli, Charles. 17.il-17ti4. The P.ritish .luvrnal. P.ufo. Tiie Cluinsv Curate of Cla]ilinni. Thr Kfv. Mr. Charl.s P\ hides. Churchill. John, Duke of Marlborough. ltMO-1722. Tiic P.ritisli Pallas. The Handsome Kin;lisiinian. HnuMdiiTv Hoi'us. The Silly 'Dukf. Churchill, Sarah, Duchess of. I"l. eighteenth century. (>in'in Zaiah. Th.' \Vi-,- I>u0. I'.iiamoii. CIB 392 CLI Gibber, CoUey. 1671-1757. King Coll. The King of Dulness. The King of Dunces. Cicero, Marcus Tullius. B.C. 106-43. The Father of His Country. A Fire-Kind ler. Clairon, Claire Josephe. 1723-1803. Tlie (^ueen of Carthage. Clare, John. 17i)3-lS(;4. The Northauiptonsliire I^oet. Tiie Peasant Poet of Northamptonshire. Clare, Richard, de. Fl. twelfth century. Strongbow. Clarendon, Lord. K)08-ir)(i4. The Chancellor of Human Nature. Clarke, Macdonald. 1798-1842. The Mad Poet. Clarke, Dr. Samuel. 1G75-1729. A Reasoning Engine. Clarke, Samuel. 131)9-1082. Suck All Cream. Claude of France. 14!)9-1524. The (lood (^ueen of France. Clavius, Christopher. 1537-1012. The Euclid of His Age. Clay, Henry. 1777-1852. The Apostle of Liberty. The Gallant Harry of the West. The Great Commoner. The Great Pacificator. Harry of the West. The Judas of the West. The Mill-Boy of the Slashes. Old Chief. The Savior of His Country. Clayton, Sir Robert. 1095-1758. fshban. Cleghorn, James. 1778-1838. Tiie i5car. Cleland, Colonel John. -1789. Will Honeycomb. Clement XIV. 1705-1774. The Protestant Pope. Clement, Jacques. -1557. CMemens non papa. Cleopatra. B.C. 09-30. A Punk. The Queen of Queens. The Youni; Isis. Cleveland, John. 1013-1G59. The (Cavalier Poet. Clifford, John, Ninth Lord. 1430-1401. The Black. The I'.utcher. Clifford, Tenth Lord. 14.")-1523. Tlie ( k)od Lord Clifford. The Shepherd Lord. CLI 393 COM Clifford, Henry, Eleventh Lord. 149-1542. Hcnrv. Clifford. Thomas, Lord. -1()73. Pollio. Varus. Clive. Robert, Lord. 1725-1774. Saliut .luiif;. Clootz, Johann Baptiste. 1755-17f)4. Aiiacliarsis Clootz. Tlie Orator of the Hitman Race. Clough, Arthur Hugh. 181i>-l(il. Adam. Clovis. 4(..">-511 Tlio (lieat. Coates, Robert. 1771-1848. Diainoiiil Coates. Konieo Coatt's. Cobbett, William. 17. Til.' Ai.ostlo of Fr. c-Trade. Cockburn, Mrs. Catharine. 1(;7!>-1749. A Fomalc I'liilo.'^opliiT of tlie North. Coello, Alonzo. ].")!.^-1.V.m). The 'i'itian of I*ortui;al. Coke, Sir Edward. ir)4'.t-lii.'.4. The Oracle of I, aw. Colbert. Jean Baptiste de. I(il9-16a'5. The North Wind. Colburn, Zerah. l.s()4-l.S40. The Calculator. Coleridge. Samuel Taylor. 1772-1H;J4. Mr. Flosky. A Second .lolm.soii. Colla, Mme., nfr Lucrezia Agujari. 174,'>-178-'>. La liastardina. Collier, John. 17(>.>-17Kr.. The Lancashire Hofiarth. Collins, John. n;i.'l-lt;.s:;. 'l"he l'",n>,dish Mersenne. Colman, George. 17ii_'-lH;,;. (leorj^e the (Irinner. Coloman. Fl. twelfth century. The Learned. Columbus, Christopher. 14lt;-l.'>(>i. Th.' Old Admiral. Colvil, Samuel. I-'l. seventeenth century. 'I'he Scoiiish Hudihrius. Combe, William. 1741-I82H. Duke Comhe. Coniestor, Peter, -lis."). The (ireat Later. lielluo. Comines, Philippe de. 1445-1511. The l!o(,tcd Head. COM 394 COE Commodus. - A.D. 122. Hercules Secundus. Compton, Dr. Fl. seventeenth century. Sagan of Jerusalem. Comyn, John. -1305. Red Comyn. Condd, Prince de. 1621-1682. Cyrus. Confucius. B.C. 551-479. Little Hillock. The Moral Censor of Cliina. The Philosopher of China. Congreve, William. 1670-1729. The Best Vitruvius. Ultimus Romanorum. Valentine. Conrad II. of Germany. 984-1039. The Salic. Conscience, Hendrick. 1812-. The Walter Scott of Belgium. Constable, Archibald. 1775-1821. The Czar of Muscovy. Constantino I. 274-337. The Great. Constantine IV. -685. The Bearded. Constantine V. -775. Ceproiiinius. Cooke, William. 176(^-1824. Conversaiion Cooke. Coomans, Joanna. Fl. circa 1622. The Pearl of Zealand. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury. 1621-1683. Acliito])hel. Antonio. Little Machiavel. Old Tf)ny. The Politician. Shiftcsbury. Tapsky. Cooper, James Fenimore. 1789-1851. Tlie Scott of the Sea. Cooper, Richard. -1S06. The British Poussin. Cooper, Thomas. 1805-. The Chartist. Copernicus, Nicholas. 1473-1543. The Reformer of Astronomy. Corday, Charlotte. 1768-1793. The Angel of Assassination. Cordova, Gonzalvo de. 1453-1515. El (J ran Capitan. Corelli, Angelo. 1653-1713. Archangelo. Cornarus, John. 1500-1558. The Mad Cornarus. COR 395 CKA Corneille, Pierre. ir.0(V-ir,84. The Cn^ator of French Dramatic Art. IjC Grand Corneille. The Shakespeare of France. Correggio, Antonio AUegri. W.yi-16?A. The Ariel of the Italian Renaissance. The Faun of the Italian Kenaissance. Cortellini, Camillo. Fl. seventeenth century. II Violino. Cortes, Hernando. 1485-1554. The (Jreat Marquis. Corvinus, Matthias. 1442-14W. The Cosnio de Medici of Hungary. Tlie Lorenzo de Medici of Hungary. Corwin, Thomas. 17l)4-18(>5. The Waj^iin I5ov. Cotin, I'Ahbe Charles. lf4-l(:82. The l'"ather of French Fnitcnia. The Father of tlie French Kiddle. Trissotin. Cottereau, Jean. 1757-17!>4. Le (liiman. Couperin, Frangols. I(i(i8-17;^. Le CralKl. Courteville. Raphael. -1771. ("ourt-Kvil. Coventry, Henry. -1752. I'hlto. Cowell, John. -Kill. Dr. Ciiwiiccl. Cowley. Abraham. KAH-l('iC>~ . Our Kiiulish X'irgil. Tlie Mchmcholy. The riiuhir, Horace, and \'irf;il of England. Cowper, William, Lord. KKil-lTiM. Will I'.iKaniv. Cowper, Williarn. 17;!1-180(). The I'.ard of Olni y. Knulaiid's Domestic Poet. Cox, Samuel Sullivan, is-jl-. Sunset Cox Coypeau, Charles. Sieur d'Assouci. 1()(>4-Ifi7'.i. 'i'he Ape ol S('arri!ii. Our Mock Ovid. Coysevox, Antoine. KilO-lT'JO. The \'andvke nf Scul|it lire. Crabbe, Rev. Georg-e. 17.">4-l.s:i2. Natures Stcniest Fainter. The I'oci of the I'uor. I'dpe in Worsted Stockinu's. Cracherode, Clayton. 17'-':t-l7'.l). A llililioHianiacal Hercules. Craig, Agnes. Vi'l. Mus. Ma( i.khosk. Crary, J. M. IH'JS^. Tlie Sidewalk Poet. Crashaw, Richard. It;i(>-1(;50. I'dest Swan. I'oet and Saint. CRA 396 CRO Crates of Thebes. Fl. B.C. 320. The Door-Opener. Crawford, General S. Wylie. 1829-. Pliysics. Cr^billdn, Claude Prosper Jolyot de. 1707-1777. The Petronius of France. Creblllon, Prosper Jolyot de. 1674-1762. The ^schylus of France. Cretin, Gulllaume. -1525. Raminagrobis. Crlchton, James. 1560-1583. The Admirable. Crockett, David. 1786-1836. The Munchausen of the West. Croker, John Wilson. 1780-1857. Councillor Crawley. Croker, Thomas Crofton, 1798-1854. The King of the Fairies. Croly, Georg-e. 1780-1860. Catiline Croly. Saint Bernard Croly. Crome, John. 171)9-1821. Tlie English Hobbema. Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. The Almighty Nose. The Blasphemer. The Brewer. Brother Fountain. Copper-Face. The Copper-Nosed Saint. Crum-Hell. A Glorious Villain. The Great Independent. The Great Leviathan of Men. His Noseship. Immortal Rebel. The Impious. The Impostor. King Oliver. Lord Achon. The Lord Protector. The Man of Sin. Megaletor. Nod-Noll. Old Noll. The Protector. The Sagest of Usurpers. Saul. The Town-Bull of Ely. Zabad. Cromwell, Richard. -1712. Ishbosheth. The Lame Vicegerent. Queen Dick. Tumble-down Dick. Cromwell. Thomas. 145)0-1540. The Maul of Monks. The Vicar of Hell. CRO 397 DAN Crosbie, Andrew. 1733-1786. I'auliis I'leydell. Crowne, John. -1703. Starcli Johnny. Cruden, Alexander, 1701-1770. Alexander tlie Corrector. Crulkshank, George. 17!2-1878. Tlie Modern ilofjartli. Tlie Prince of Caricaturists. CuUen, Robert, Lord. 1740-1810. Courteous Cullen. Culmer, Richard. Fl. circa IWiO. Bhie Dick of Tlianet. Cumberland, Duke of. 1721-1705. Till- I'.ioody Uutciior. Cumberland, Richard. 17;W-1811. Tiie lOn^^lisii Terence. Sir Fretful P!a;;iary. Cumming, Sir Alexander. -1775. The Kiiii,' of th<', Cherokees. Cunning-ham, Allan. 1785-1812. Honest Alhin. A Ivuiler I'urns. Curtis, Georg-e William. 1S24-. The .American Charles Lamb. Cusa, Nicolas de. 1 loi-l U'A. Doctor Cliristianissimus. Custer, General George A. 1840-1870. LoiiLC-Ilair. Kinu'lets. Cuvier. George. 1700-18.72. I'lie Aristotle of tlio Nineteenth Century. Cybo of Genoa. l.".20-14(i.S. The M.ink of the Col.lcn Islands. Cyrus the Great. -.'")2'.t !'>.<". 'J'he (ireat l''ouiider of the Persian Naiuo. Czacki, Thaddeus. 17().-)-lS13. The Polish Franklin. npvAMASCENUS, JOANNES. -750. .1 J 'I"hc (loideii Slreaui. Damelowicz. !'!. thirteenth century. 'i'he 1,1. )I1. Darner. Mrs. Anne Seymour. 1748-IS28. Our Female Phidias. Damiens. Robert FranQois. 1711 17.")7. liohrrt the Devil. Daniel, Ro.se. Fl. si.xteenth century. Mir:il.(>l. l:os;ilinde. Daniel. Samuel. ]5t;2-l('ill). Dacus. 'I'he I'.iiu'lish Lucan. M usus. TIk^ Well LaiiLruairod. DAN 398 DEN Dante, Alighieri. 1265-1321. The Great Poet-Sire of Italy. The White-Flower. Danton, Georges Jacques. 1759-1794. The Mirabeau of the Mob. The Strons: Arm. Darius the Great. -B.C. 485. Ahasuerus. Darwin, Erasmus. 1731-1802. That Bright Luminary. Dati, Carlo. ItJUMfuG. The Bewildered. Smarnto. Davaux, Jean Baptiste. -1822. The Fatlier of the Rondo. Davenant, Sir William. 1005-1668. IJapline. Jeered Will. Old Daph. A Poetical Rochefoucault. Rare Sr. Will. David, Jacques Louis. 1748-1825. The Artist of the Revolution. Davies, Cecilia. 1740-1836. L'lnglesina. Davies. Mrs. Christian. Fl. seventeenth century. ^Mother Ross. Davies, Robert. -1836. Bard Xantglyn. Davyl, Poupart. Fl. circa 1825. Legrand. Dee, John. 1527-1608. Another Pythagoras. Xobilis Mathematicus. Praestantissinms Mathematicus. Deering-, Sir Ed^^ard. -1.576. The Silver Trumpet of the House. Defoe, Daniel. 1660-1731. Restless Daniel. Dekker, Thomas. -1638. Demetrius. Orange. Delacroix. Ferdinand Victor. 1799-1863. The Rubens of France. The Veronese of France. The Victor Hugo of Painting. De Lolme. John Louis. 1745-1806. The English Montesquieu. Deloraine, Lady. -1744. Delia. Democritus of Abdera. B.C. 460-357. The Derider. The Laughing Philosopher. Demosthenes. ? B.C. 380-322. The Prince of Orators. Denham. Sir John. 16].S-1668. That Limning Old Bard. DEN 399 DIB Dennie, Joseph. nr^1H12. The Addison of America. Dennis, John. HiUl-lT.'A. Appius. Tiie IJest Abused Man in England. Cacus. Tlic Critic. Furons. Pyllion. The Royal Midas. Sir TrcuK'Tidous. Youiij; Zoiliis. Dent, John. -182(). liai'occio. Dentatus, Sicinius. Fl. fiftli century B.C. Th(! Achilles of Koine. De Quincey, Thomas. 17S()-18o9. My Ailiiiiralih' Ciichton. The Kiiu^lish Opiiuii-Eator. A Mail of a Million. Plato. Derby, Countess Dow^ager of. l(J01-lGr4. Amaryllis. Tlic NVarrior Lady of Latham. Derby, Earl of. r/'/. Fki'.oinamx) and fiEOFFREV. Desbillons, Frangois Marie. 17.")l-17.s'.t. 'J'iic Last of the liuiiiaiis. Desforges. Evariste Desir^. 175;'.-1S14. Thr Frcucli Tihullus. Desmoulins, Caniille. I7()'2-17ii4. Atliirni y-< iiiirral of the Lantorn. Desprdaux, Nicolas Boileau. lt);j()-1711. Arist.'. Our t^liampion for iroiru^r. Thf Flatlrrrr of Louis XIV. Tin' Law-* liver of raniassus. Till' Lc.i^ishitor of Parnassus. Tlic Sdlon nf Parnassus. The Zoilds of (.)uiiiault. Devereux, Penelope. Fl. scvcntccntli centuiy. Philoclca. Stella. Devereux, Robert, Second Earl of Essex. l.">ii7-l('i<1L The Fimlisli Achilles. Devereux, Robert, Third Earl of Essex. l,"J'.'_'-ll^l(i. lioimv-I'xioics. Old liuhin. Phil. Mas. Devin. Thomas C. -1878. oil! r.iiiiiiiv. The Old War-Iforse. Dibdin. Charles. 1718 ISU. riie i'.ard of th(! P.rilish Navy. The 'i'nie Laureate nf l-'.n^laiid. Tlie 'i'\rta'us (pf the liriiish Navy. Dibdin, Thomas. 17:il-17.su. Toni P>o\\ liiiLT. DIB 400 DOU Dibdin, Thomas Frognall. 1776-1847. The Beau Biummel of Living Authors. Black-Letter Tom. Lysander. The Prince of Bibliomaniacal "Writers. Rosicrucius. Dick, Robert. 1811-1865. Tlie Thurso Baker. Dick, Thomas. 1774-1857. Tlie Christian Pliilosopher. Dickens, Elizabeth. -166;i. Morina. Dickinson, John. 1732-1808. Tlie Pennsylvania Farmer. Digby, Sir Kenelm. 160;5-l(i5. The Mirandola of His Age. Dilke, Sir Charles. 1843-. Sophronion. Dionysius. Fl. sixth century B.C. The Little. Dionysius the Younger. Fl. fourth century B.C. Corinth's I^edagogue. DisraeU, Benjamin. 1804-1881. Ben Sidonia. Mr. Danberry. Diamond Albany. Dizzy. The Gay Lothario of Politics. Vivian (Trey. Disraeli, Isaac. 1767-1848. The Modern Indagator Invictissimus. Sherborne. Dobson, Austin. 1840-. The Harmless Prior of tlie Generation. Dobson, William. VAO-KAG. The English Tintoretto. The English Vandyke. Dodd, John. 15,"w-lC45. The Decalogist. Doddington, George Bubb. 1691-1762. Umbra. Dodsley, Robert. 1703-1764. Tlie Livery Muse. Dolcebono, Giacomo. Fl. sixteenth century. The Master of Stone-Cutting. Dorat, Jean. 1507-1588. Auratus. The P>ench Pindar. The Golden. Dorea, Andrea. 1468-1560. The Father of His Country. The F"ather of Peace. Dorset, Charles, Earl of. 1637-1706. Har])alus. The Muses' Pride. Douce, Francis. 1757-18.34. The Porson of Old English and French literature. Prospero. DOU 401 DUB Douerlas, Archibald, Fourth Earl of Angus. -1424. Tin; Good Earl. The lied Douglas. Douglas, Archibald, Fifth Earl of Angus. 1453-1514. Bcll-the-Cat. Gray-Steel. Tlie. (ireat Earl of Douglas. Douglas, Archibald, Fourth Earl of. -1424. Tine-Man. Douglas, James, Seventh Earl of. -1443. Tiie (Jross. Douglas, James, Ninth Earl of. -1488. The Black Douglas. Douglas, Sir James. 1288-1330. The Black Douglas. The Good. Douglas, Sir William. l.".00-i;{53. The Flower of Chivalry. The Hardy. Douglas, Stephen A. 1813-18(51. The Little (Jiaiit. Douglass, Mrs. -17(il. Mrs. Cole. Dow, Neal. 180.'$-. The Kossuth of the Temperance Revolution. Dowling, Vincent. -ls.j2. 'i'lie Long S(;ril)C. Drake, Sir Francis. 154 .">-!, ">;<;. England's .N'ri)tune. Draper, Mrs. Elizabeth. Fl. eigliteeuth century. The Brahniine. Drayton, Michael. l.")(;3-l(;;il. vKtioii. The Golden- Mouthed. Sweet-Timgued. 'I'niga'diiiLrraiilms. Drummond, "William, of Hawthornden. 1.585-11)40. I'm-I'eep. The Scotiaii I'rtrarch. Drury. Henry Joseph. 177'.>-1S41. M.-nalc;is. Drury, Joseph. IT.'iO-ls.u. I'rohus. Dryden, John. KnU-ITOI. A.sai.h. Baye.s. (Jliirious John. Ignoramus. .Matthew Co])iiiiiger. Meander. Old S7. The I'reshyterian I'aul-Prj'. Shallow Kdwards. Egerton, Francis, Duke of Bridgew^ater. 1730-1803. 'i"he I'"ather of llrilish Inlautl Navigation. Eldon. Lord. ]'nl. S( auisel of lirittany. Elgin, Lord. I'i'i. hiin e. Eliot, Rev. John. l(i():;-ltiiK). Tiie .\)iostl(^ of the Indians. Elizabeth of Bohemia. I.">'.t>-1(;()2. The (,>iiien of Hearts. EUzabeth, Queen of England. I,");>,'i-1(3. Astra a. l{"l|.lHeiM-. ]Uood\ (^tueen I'ess. The IJeliverer of Cod's People. Fortiuic's Knipress. (Jloriana. The (Uorvof H.r Se.x. Cood (^)iueii lieSS. The Maiden (^)ueen. The Mir.ieh' of Time. Nature's ( i lory. ( )riinia. I'artheusa. (^leen liisS. The (,)ueeii of \'ir^;ins. The True 1 >i.uia. The I iitumed Heifer. ELI 404 ETH Elizabeth, Queen of England (continued). The Virgin Queen. The World's Wonder. Elizabeth Petrowna. 1709-1761. La Catin du Nord. La Clemente. Tlie Infamous. The Nortliern Harlot. Ellerthorpe, John. Fl. circa 1800. Tlie Hero of the Humber. Ellice, Edward. 178'J-18(J3. Tlie Nestor of the House of Commons. Elliott, Ebenezer. 1781-1841. The Corn-Law Rhymer. Elliston, Robert William. -1831. The Napoleon of Drury Lane. Elyot, Thomas. -1.546. The Learned Knifflit. Emanuel I. of Portugal. 1469-1521. The Portutjuese Ma'cenas. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1803-1882. The American Montaigne. The Buddha of the West. A Winged Franklin. Ennius. Quintus. B.C. 23i)-169. The Father of the Latin Poets. The Roman Chaucer. :fipine, Francesca Margherita de 1'. FI. eighteenth century. Greber's Peg. Hecate. Epiphanius. Fl. sixth century. The Scholastic. Erasmus, Desiderius. 1465-1536. The Batavian Buffoon. Errans Mus. The Glory of Netherland. The Glory of the Priesthood. The Viking of Literature. The Voltaire of the Sixteenth Century. Erigena, John Scotus. -875. The Last of the Platonists. Erik IX. of Sweden. -1161. The Pious. Ernest I. of Gotha. 1601-1674. The I'ious. Ernest of Austria. 138:3-1424. The Iron-Handed. Erskine, John, Eleventh Earl of Mar. 1675-1732. A llogue of a Scot. Erskine, Thomas, Lord. 1750-1823. .Jupiter Tonans. Essex, Earl of. Vid. Dkvkreux. Estcourt, Richard. lWi.S-1713. Tom Mirror. Estrdes, Antoine d'. 1571-1.5!Xt. La ]!(lle Gabrielle. Ethelred II. -1016. The Unready. ETH 405 FER Ethelwold of "Winchester. 925-984. The Father of .Monks. Etheredge, Sir George. 16;{G-1G90. Bcllair. Gciitli' (Jeorge. :Mcdlfy. Euclid. V\. third century B.C. 'i'lic Sajrc of Ah'.xaiidria. Euripides. n.V. 4X0-407. 'I'lie I'hilosophic Bard. Eusden, Law^rence. -17.)0. A Launlh"2. The I'.ieiical Father of Waller. Fairfax. Thomas, Lord. KilJ 1(171. Fiery \'ouiii; Tom. The (Jreat Ooysado. Falcandus. Fl. t\v(^lfih century. 'I'iie Tacitus of Sicily. Farmer, Richard. 17-">.')-17'.>7. .\ lilooiihouiid of Fufailini,' Scent. Farquhar. George. li)7s 1707. Tiie FieldiTi- "f the Dramu. Sir Harry Wildair. Faulkner, George. 1700-1775. Tiie Irish .\tticus. I'eter I'arai;ruiih. Felton, John. -lOj.S. I'.ruiMs. Holiest .lack. Little David. Fdnelon. Frangois de Salignac de la Motte. lti.">l-171."(. MeMt7.".-U1(). The .lust. Ferdinand II. 14.".:; i:,i(;. The Catiiolic. Ferdinand I. of Leon and Castile. -10(.5. The (ireat. FER 406 FLE Ferdinand II. of Naples. 1830-1859. Bouiba. Ferdinando, Earl of Derby. Fl. circa 1600. Aniyntas. Ferguson, Robert. 1638-1714. Judas. The Plotter. Fernando, Regent of Spain. Fl. fifteenth century. El Infante de Antcjjuera. Ferrari, Benedetto. 1597-1681. Delia Tiorba. Ferrari, Gaudenzio. 1481-1550. The Eagle. Feversham, Earl of. Fl. seventeenth century. Helon. King Dowager. Field, John. 1782-1837. Russian Field. Fielding, Henry. 1707-1754. The Prince of Novelists. The Prose Homer of Human Nature. The Shakespeare of Novelists. Will Booth. Fielding, Mrs. Henry, -circa 1745. Amelia Booth. Fielding, Robert. Fl. seventeenth century. Beau Fielding- Handsome Fielding. Orlando the Fair. Fiennes, Nathaniel. Fl. seventeenth century. Young Subtlety. Fiennes, William. 1583-. Old Subtlety. Finch, Daniel. 1(>47-1730. Don Diego Dismallo. Finch, Henea,ge. 1621-1683. Amri. Tlie Dismal. The Father of Equity. Fisher, H. W. Fl. circa 1840. Arthur. Fitzgeoffrey, Charles. 157.5-1636. That High-Towering Falcon. Fitzgerald, Elizabeth. 1527-1589. The Fair Geraldine. Fitzgerald, George Robert. 1749-1786. Fighting Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald, V/illiam Thomas. 1759-1829. The Small-Beer Poet. Fitzgibbon, John, Second Earl of Clare. 1792-1851. Lycus. Fitzpatrick, actor. Fl. eighteenth century. Fitzgig. A Six-Foot Suckling. Fitz-Walter, Robert. Fl. thirteenth century. The Marshal of the Army of God. Fl^chier of Nismes. KJ.W-lllO. The French Isocrates. FLE 407 FllA Fleming, Miss. Fl. circa 1790. Nainii. Fleming, Paul. ItiOiVK^iO. The Aiiiicreoii of (Jennany. Tlie llcrrick of Germany. Fletcher, John. l.")7t)-l()'_'.5. A Linib of Sliakespeare. The -Muses' Darliuj;. Fletcher, Phineas. ir)4-l(;.')0. Tlie Spenser of This .V^''- Florinda of Spain. Fl. .seventli century. Tlie irch'n of Spain. Florio, John. l.")45-l().;."). Dun Adriano de Annado. ][(.lofernes. 'J'he Kcsoliite. Fludd, Robert. ir)74-l()37. The Searcher. Fludyer, Samuel. -17()8. (irrat Dulnian. Foix, Gaston de. 14.S'.-1.-)12. ThcTiiiiii.h-rhdltof Italy. Fontanges, MUo. de. l(;(il-i(;si. JCiioharis. Fontanier, Paul Pellisson. liiilt Marmoset. Fox, Charles James. 174!>-1800. Carlo Khan. A II entiles. The Last of the llomans. Thf .Man of the People. Ni^er. The \'(iiiil^ Cut). Fox, George. ICJl ir,<.K>. The r.orhme (if FiiLiland. Till' .Man with the Leather Breeches. Francis, Paul. M'.tl-177r>. Paul ..f the Cross. Francis II. of Naples. 1H;!<>-. P")nilialiiin. Francois I. l.".l.">-l."))7. The Father of Letters. PRA 408 FEE FranQOis I. (continued). Gargantua. Tlie Miccenas of France. Franklin, Benjamin. 170G-1790. The American Socrates. The Liberator of the World. Frederick IV. of Austria. lo84-1439. The Pennyless. Frederick, Duke of York. 17G3-1827. The Soldiers' Friend. Frederick II. of Brandenburg. 1413-1471. Dent de Fer. Iron-Tooth. Frederick Aug-ustus of Prussia. 1790-1843. Athenais. Frederick I. of Germany. 1121-1190. Barbarossa. Tlie Father of His Country. Frederick II. of Germany. 1194-1251. Tlie Admirable Crichton of Germany. The Caesar of Ciesars. The Law-Giver. Phoenix Among Kings. A Second Aristotle. The Wonder of the World. Frederick IV. of Germany. 1415-1493. The Indolent. Tlie Pacific. Frederick of Saxony. 1403-1554. The Wise. Frederick the Great. 1712-1786. Alaric Cottin. Der Alte Fritz. Fritz der Einzigo. The Glorious Protestant Hero. Luc. Le Marquis de Brandenbourg. That Metromaniac Prince. The Philosopher of Sans-Souci. Le Sablonnier. Frederick I., Elector-Palatine. 1425-1476. The Victorious. Frederick V., Elector-Palatine. 1596-1632. Goodman Palsgrave. Tlie Winter King. Frederick V7illiam. 1620-1680. The Great Elector. Frederick William IV. 1795-1861. Cli(|uot. Frederick William, Crown Prince of Germany. 1831-. Unser Fritz. Freeth, John. 1730-1808. The Birmingham Poet. Fremont, John C. 181.'5-. The Patli tinder. Fr^ron, :filie- Catherine. 1719-1776. Fn'don. FRE 409 GAS Pr^ron, ^lie-Catherine (continued). Le I'aiivr(! Diabls. Le Serpi'iit. Friend, Dr. John. lf;7.">-1728. 'l"ll<^ Director of Stiulics. Proissart, Jean. i;}.'i7-1401. Ijt' Valet dcs I'riiices. Prommann, Friedrich Johannes. 1797-1886. TIh! Nestor of tlie (icniinn iJook-Trudo. Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth. 17H0-1844. Thf I'"ciii:ilo Howard. Fuchs, Leonhard. I.'JOI-ISCXJ. Tlie I'^liiyt'd Fox. Fuller, Andrew. 17.")4-181.'>. Tlie Fraiikliji ot Tlicolojjy. f^ ABRIELLI, DOMENICO. 1G4(>-1G90. \jr 11 Miii^liiiio del Violoncello. Gabrielli. Francesca. 17r>5-17!)5. I''erriire-;e del lieiie. Gabrielli, Trifone. 147()-1.")4!). The Sooratos of His \'^c. Gacon, Francois. liii>7-17"J."). The Dennis nf His Day. Gaetano. Benedetto. I'id. Boniface VIII. Gainsborough, Tiiomas. 1727-1788. The I'ainier Patriot. Galen, Bernard de. H^)4-lii78. The < '(inverter. Galiani, Ferdinand. 1728-1787. A Little .Maeliiavelli. Gait, John. 177'."-18:!'.'. Tlie (Ireat (ianderof Glassjow. Galuppi, Baldassare. 17i>J-17.S,5. II l>m-anello. Gambetta, L^on. 18:W-1SS2. Tala/.ae. Gardiner, William Nelson. 17i)(>-1814. Miistapha. Garibaldi, Giuseppe. 1S()7-1S-177;. An Atlas. The ("o.xconil). The ImiuHsIi Ilosrius. Little Daw. That I'rot.'iis of the Sta^c. The \'ain Tvrant. Garth, Samuel.' li;72 17r.t. The Kit-Kat I'cet. Qassion, Joun, Comte de. l(;0'.-lt>47. La ( i iierre. Ma/are. GAY 410 GIF Gavini^s, Pierre. -1800. The Fiencli Tartini. Gay, John. KiHS-lTHL'. The iEsop of Eniijland. The Orplieus of llighwaymen. Geber. Fl. nintli century. The Founder of Chemistry, Gemble, Andre'w. -1793. Eddie Ochiltree. Genet, Eliazar. -1.535? 11 L'ar|)eutrasso. Geoffrey, Edward, Earl of Derby. 1709-18G9. The Hotspur of Debate. The Rupert of Debate. Geoffrey of Boulogne. 1061-1100. The Ik-arded. Geoffrin, Marie Th^rese. 1099-1777. A Female FonteiicUe. George I. oi England. lt)()0-1727. The Turiiip-Hoer. George II. of England. lf)8-3-17()0. Augustus. (Jreat Patron of Mankind. George III. of England. 1738-1820. Another Philip the Second. Farmer George. The Solomon of Great Britain. Ulysses. George IV. of England. 17r)2-18;>0. The Beau of Princes. The First Gentleman of Europe. George the Greater. The Greatest Prince in Christendom. The Mere Dandini. The Prince of Princes. George, Prince of Denmark. Fl. eighteenth century. Kst-il-pnssible. Gerard, Jules. 1817-1804. The Lion-Killer. Gerbier, Pierre. 172.5-1788. The French Mansfield. Gerson. Vid. Charokr de Gerson. Gesner, Konrad von. loUMoGl. Ti\<> (lerman Pliny. Geyler, Joliann. 1445-b")10. Tiie Herald of the Peformatiou. Ghibbes, James Alban. l(ilG-1077. The Iloriicp of His Age. Gibbons, Orlando. 1.5s:5-l()25. The Ihiglisli Palestrina. Gibson, Mrs. Milner. Fl. circa 1853. j\lrs. ] fobson Newconie. Gifford, William. 175()-18-2(;. Bear-Leader. The Censor of the Age. The C'obbling Wonder of Ashburton. The Coryphicus of Modern Literature. GIF 411 GOE Glfford, William {continued). Demon of Darkm-ss. Cirosvciior's Cobbler. Master Esop. Monster of TurijitiKle. Gildas. Fl. sixth ceiiturv. The l.ritish Jtreuiiah. Sapiens. Gill, Dr. John. 1(;<)7-1771. Tlie Learned. Gillies, Robert Pierce. -1858. JveniplVrliaiisen. Gilpin, Bernard. 1.517-1.").S3. The Ape.stle of the North. Tlie Father of the Poor. Giornovichi, or Jarnowick, Giovanni Mane. 1745-1804. The Krratic Star. Giovanni, Domenico di. 110.'!-1448. li r.iin l;i-llo. Gladstone, William Ewart. 1S09-. (;raii(h('\ lis. Mr. (Jreshain. Glanville. I-"l. twi'lfth century. The Father of Jiuisjinulencc. Glover, Richard. 17r_'-17s.-). Feoniihis ( ilover. Gllick, Joltann Christoph von. 1714-1787. The lleretiles of MuNJe. The Mi( hael Ani;elo of Music. Godeau, Antoine. l(i()5-lt)7J. .1 iilhis 1 )\\arf. Godfrey, Sir Edniondbury. -li)7S. A.t,'au. Godolphin, Sidney, Earl of. -1712. I'atrilio. Volpon.'. Godoy, Manuel de. 17t;7-lS.")l. '\'\h' I'rinec nf the I'eaee. Godwin, William. IT.'ii". is:;*;. The Saue of Skinner Street. Goethals, Henry. VlTi-Vl'X',. I )oetor .Sdjeniiii'-. Goethe, Johann WolfR-ancr von. 174ii-18.'>2. The Ariosto of (iriinaiiv. Tl;e Co'ili.lant. The F\aiiire]isl of F.eononiv. The First uf Fxi-tin- Writers. The (ierniin NCltairi'. ("loet/ ven llerliehini;eri, the lloiu'st. The lllnstrioMs. The Man ..f Many Medals. 'I'he M:i-.I>T. The I'liner ,.f Forts. The Wanderer. Goetho. Kntharina Elizabeth, ?/(V Textor. IT-'d l^tm. l>au .\Ja. GOL 412 GRA Goldoni, Carlo. 1707-1793. Tiie Italian Moliere. Goldsmith, Bev. Henry. -1768. Tlie Man in Black. Goldsmith, Oliver. 1728-1774. Tlie Child of Nature. Common Sense. Fancy's Favorite. Goldy. The Impenetrable Goodman Dull. The Inspired Idiot. The Literary Pollux. Nr)ll. Gongora, Luis y Argote. 15G1-1627. The Wonderful. Goodwin, John. Fl. circa 1650. The Great Ked Dra4a-1689. iJloody Claverse. , Bonnie Dundt^e. Grahame, James. 1765-1811. A Poetical Spaj;noletto. Tlie Sabbath Bard. Sepulchral Grahame. Grant, Robert. 1785-1838. The, Friend of the Jews. Grant, Ulysses S. 18*22-1885. Old Three Stars. Uncle Sam. Unconditional Surrender. United States Grant. Ignited We Stand Grant. Grantley, Baron. Vid. Norton. Granville. George, Viscount Lansdowne. 1067-1735. Tlie I'olite. Granville, Leveson Gower, Earl. 1S15-. (iiaucus. Gray, Sir Charles, First Earl. 17211-1807. No Flint. Gray, Thomas. 171(>-1771. Fastidious Gray. Orosinades. Tlie Sweet livrist of Peter IFouso. The Torre of Poetry. Gray, Wilham. 1751-1825. Old I'.illy Cray. Grazzlni, Antonfrancesco. l."<0.'{-1583. II Lasra. Greathead, Bertie. 17.^)!>-182<;. That Dcep-Monthed Thebaii. Greeley, Horace. IHl 1-1874. The Napoleon of Essayists. 'I'he Prince of Paragraphists. Greene, F. -l.V.C!. Infortunatus. Greene. Robert. 15C,0-1.'')<2. Tiie A 1)0 of Euphues. The nviiii; Titan. Flowenlale. Francesco. The CJreene Maister of the P.lacko .\rte. The Homer of Women. The Kiiiijof the Paper Staj^e. The Monarch of ('rosl)iters. Tli(> Patriarch of Shifters. Philador. Tlie Prine(> of l>e,<;-1G55. Hdrtciisius. Guiche, Countess de. Vid. Andguins. Guidi. Carlo Alessandro. l()r)0-1712. The Italian (J ray. Guimard, Madeleine. 174;M81(). Tlie Sjiidcr. La S(|uek'tte dcs (Jraccs. Guise, Henri, Due de. lo;X)-1588, The l'('0[ilc's King. Guizot, Francois P. G. 1787-1874, Tlic Historian l'iiiloso])her. Gustavus Adolphus. 15;).">-1()32. The Anticiiiist. The Lion of the North. The Savior of I'rotcstaiitisin. Tlic Snow King. Tlic Star of the Nortli. Sweden's (ilory. Gustavus Vasa. i4'.>0-ir)(;0. TiiC Swede. Guzman, Alphonso Perez de. 12.58-1320. 'I'lie Sp.inisli IJrutus. Guzman, Fernan Nuiiez de. 148.S-1.W2. The (ireek C'onmicntator. nACKLAENDER, FRIEDRICH WILHELM. 181-1877. The (lernian Dickens. Hafiz, Mohammed. -l.W.S, Tiie Tersian Anacreim. S\ig:ir-Lip. Hahnemann. Samuel. 17.")-184.'!. 'I'he Prodigy of Pearning. Hakim Ben Allah. Fl. eightli century. 'i'he N'eiled Propliet of Kliorassan. Hales. Alexander. Fl. tliirtcentli century. Doctor Irrefragahilis. 'I'he l''ouiitain of Life. Hales, John. l.'.sl-Krw;. l?ilili(itlieIenioral)le. T;ittle Hales. The ^^'allri!iieus. The Dear Saxon. The Monarch of the Musical Kingdom. The Saxon Giant. Harcourt, Henri de. 1601-1()G6. Cadet-la-Perle. Harcourt, William Vernon. 1827-. Ilislorictis. Hardham, John. -1772. Tlic Ma'ceiias of Embryo Players. Hardi, Alexandre, 1560-1631. The French Lope de Vega. A Shakespeare Without Genius. HAU 417 HAR Harding'e, George. -ISlfi. .lelTrics' II(';ulsini>ii. The WiifiKish Welsh Judge. Hardwicke, Earl of. Vid. Vokkk. Harley, Lady Charlotte. 1801J-. Iiiiitlie. Harley, Robert, First Earl of Oxford. ltWl-1724. iiarlftjiiiii. HeinindiU'tyl. The Kill"; of Book-Collectors. Harold I. -10:i!. lI;ircf'(Kit. Harold II. -\m>. The Last of the Saxons. Harriot, Thomas. m,0-W2\. The I'liiversal IMiilosopher. Harris, John. l,s-20-lsS4. Tilt' ( 'oniish I'oi't. Harris, Samuel. 17'_'4-17'.l5. Tiie Apostle of Virfjinia. Harrison, William Henry. 177;i-1841. lliinl Cid.T. Lou-(';ibin Harrison. Old Tip. Tippecanoe. Tlie Washington of the We.st. Harvey, Gabriel. 1.">45-1();'>0. ' Tile Ape (ialiriel. The .\i)e of Tiilly. Tiie Arist.irclius of His l^ay- 'i'iiis Bladder of I'ride New-Blowne. Doetor Hum. Fame's Duckling. FriKi'lus I'eda^'of^n.s. (iabriel Erjjo. (iahriid (IraN cdifiijer. Our ( Irahel 1 latjiels. (iahrio.l llowli^Jasse. (Jaffer .loblx-riiuule. (Jamaliei llMl.-oldin. Oii^'ilis llohbcrdeliov. A Heu^ledciic^. )Ioh)>inol. Tiie Homer of His .\i^o. Laureate ( Jahriel. Tliis Mud-I'.orn Buhlde. A Paralytic (,)uacksal\ er. Silly (,)ulrko. Our Talatamtaiia. Our Tapthartharath. Tills \'aiu l'>raL;i,'aoswell Kedivivus. The Dumont of Letters. PvgMialion Hazlitt. Heber,' Reginald. 1783-1826. The Christian Atticus. Heber, Richard. 1773-1833. Atticus. The iSIagnificent Heber. H6bert, Jacques Rene. 1755-1794. Father Duchesne. Heinecken, Christian Heinrich. 1721-1726. Tlie Infant of Liibeck. Helisane de Crenne. -1530. The Ijimo.sin Schf)lar. Henderson, John. 1757-1788. The Bath Roscius. The Irish Crichton. Henley, John. 1692-1756. The Cain of Literature. Orator Bronze. Orator Henley. Tlie Zany of His Age. Henri d'Albret of Navarre. -1516. '^lari^antua. HEN 419 HEX Henri II., Due de Guise. I(;i4-1G64. Balafre. Tlie (iaslied. Henri II of France. IMS-lsrd). The Defender of German Independence. Pantafjruel. The I'opinjay The Warlike. Henri III. of France. 1551-1589. Tlie Coxconil). The Maii-.Miliiner. Le Mjiriion. Henri IV. of France. 1553-lGlO. Le liearnais. The Father of the People. Tlie Creat. roliarehus. Mon Soldat. Le Koi (les Braves. Vert (lalaiit. Henrique, Due de Visco. l.'JiM-Ur),"?. Tlie Fatlier of Navigation. 'i'lie Navigator. Henry I. of England. 10(;8-li;i5. Heauclere. Henry II. of England. ll.TJ-llSit. Ciirtiiiaiitlf. Henry IV. of England. i;i<;7-14i;!. Boliiighrnke. Henry V. of England. i:;.SS-14'_'2. The luiLTJisli Alexander. Henry VI. of England. 14121-1471. Ill-l':ilc.l Heiirv. Henry VII. of England. U57'l'MK The Knglish Solomon. raiiiirgus. Henry VIII. of England. 1401-154(;. lUutr King Hal. J?o-lio. (lorannus. Defender of the Faith. Stout Jlarry. Walter. Henry I. of Germany. 87r,-o:MK The leather of J lis Coiiiitry. The I'dunder of Chivalry in Germany. The Fowler. The Iron Duke. The Komulus of I'ramlenhurg. The Saxim. Ilonry II. of Germany. '.I7_' inj). The Saint. Honry III. of Germany. lOK-Krw;. The r.lark Kin-,'. Henry V. of Germany. 1081-1125. The Parricide. Honry VI. of Germany. ]1i",;'k-11'.i7. The C'ru-l. HEN 420 HIL Henry X. of Saxony. 1129-1195. The Lion. Henry, Prince. 1594-1()12. Our English Marcellus. Hensel, Fanny Cecile. 1805-1847. The Cantor. Hanson, Josiah. 1789-, Uncle Tom. Heraclitus. Fl. sixth century B.C. The Weeping Phil<)soi)lier. Herbert, George. 1593-1033. The Sweet Singer of the Temple. Herder, Johann Gottfried von. 1744-1803. The Dean. The Fenelon of Germany. The Plato of the Christian World. Hermann. -A.D. 21. The German Cid. Herodotus. B.C. 484-408. The Father of Greek Prose. The Father of History. The Father of Lies. Herrera, A. de. 15*)5-1()25. The Prince of Historians. Herrera, Ferdinand de. 1516-1595. The Divine. Hervey, Lord John. 1696-1743. Lord Fanny. Paris. Sporus. Hesiod. Fl. eighth century B.C. The Ascraeaii Poet. The Old Ascrtean. Hewit, George. Fl. circa 1676. Sir Fopling Flutter. Hewlet, William. Fl. 1660. Father Greybeard. He^wson, Colonel John. Fl. circa 1700. Cerdon. Old Hewson the Cobbler. Heylin, Peter. I(i00-16(i2. The Spagnolet of History. Heyne, Christian Gottlob. 1729-1812. The King of Critics. Heywood, Eliza. 1(J93-1756. Eliza. Heywood, John. -1565. The Gi'eat Epigrammatist. Hibbert, George. 1757-1837. Honorio. Hicks, Miss. - circa 1805. Miranda. Higginson, Stephen. 1770-18:54. The Man of Ross. Hill, George H. 1799-1849. Yankee Hill. HIL 421 UOL Hill, Sir John. 171(>-1775. The Caiu of Literature. Hillaris. A Janus-Faced Critic. A I^iterary Proteus. A Paltry bung liill. The Universal IJutt of AH Mankind. Hill, Robert. ltW!>-1777. The Learned Tailor. Hill, Rowland. 177'_'-1>^;5. Tlie Waterloo Hero. Hill, Thomas. 1760-1840. Mr. Hull. Paul Pry. Hippocrates. B.C. 4m-:vn. The Father of Medicine. Hipponax. Fl. .sixlli century B.C. The Ephesian l'()(>t. The Father of ]5urlesque I'oetry. The Father of Parody. Hobbema, Minderhout. l(ill-lU9y. The Painter of Coolness. Hobbes, Thomas. 15S-l(J7y. 'l"he Atheist. The Pear. Crowe. The Malmesbury Philosopher. The Mijjhty Leviathan. The Piiilosopher of Malmesbury. The Self-Tormentor. Hobbes. Daughter of Thomas. Fl. circa 1700. Dtlictum .Inveiitutis. Hofer. Andreas. 17ti7-l.si(). The W'Mllaceof Switzerland. Tlie William Tell of tiie Tyrol. Hogarth, William. I(i'.t7-17i;4. The Peantifyer. A Fielilinu Amonp; Painters. The .Iiivenal of I'ainters. A Lillo .\monj; Painters. Piiinter Pnic. The I'aintinj,' Moralist. The I'eiisioMrd Dauber. Hogg. James. 177L'-ls; '.."). The P.oar of the Forest. The F.ttrick Sheplnnl. The (iHMt NVild Hoar. Holberg, Louis, Baron de. lii,s.")-17.14. The Kanish Molieiv. The Kanish I'lautiis. Holland, Josiah Gilbert. Isi'.t-l.sssL Thr .\ niniiMii Tupixr. Holland. Philemon. 1.">."1 \iVM\. Till' Tiaiislati r-( irnn-al. Holland. Lord. 177;i-isiu. L..nl r.hist, r. The SIv F..X. HOL 422 HOW HoUis, Thomas. 1720-1774. A Dear Liberty Boy. Ultimus llomanorum. Holman, James. 1787-1857. The Blind Traveller. Holmes, Sir Robert. Fl. circa 1667. The Achates of the General's Figlit. Homer. Fl. ninth century B.C. That Blind Bard. Blind Old Man. The Chian Father. The Father of Comedy. The Father of Epic Poetry. The Father of Poetry. The Father of Son^. The Father of Tragedy. The Friend of Good Sense. The Mseonian Poet. Melesigenes. The Prince of Poets. The Prince of Sacred Bards. The Swan of Meander. Hongo, Francis. -1702. Huppazoli. Hooker, General Joseph. 1814-1879. Fighting Joe. Hooker, Richard. 1553-1600. The Judicious Hooker Hope, Thomas. 1770-1831. Millbank. Hopital, Michel de 1'. 1505-1573. A Second Cato. Hopkins, John. 1663-1732. Vulture Hopkins. Hoppner, John. 17.")i-1810. Another Reynolds. Horace. B.C. 65-8. The Piince of Lyrical Roman Poets. Horneck. Catharine. Vid. Mrs. Bunbury. Horneck, Mary. 175.3-1840. The Jessamy Bride. Hortensius, Quintus. -B.C. 50. A Dionysiac Singing W^man. The King of the Courts. Hoskins, Sergeant John. 156f>-1638. Father Hoskins. Tliat Univer.sal Aristarchus. Ho-ward, Henry. 1515-1547. The Granville of a Former Age. Princely Surrey. Howard, Sir John. -1485. Jockey of Norfolk. Howard, John. 1726-1790. The T'hilanthropist. Howard, General Oliver O. 1813-. The Havelock of the War. HOW 423 HUT Howard, Sir Robert. 162G-1698. Bayes. Bilboa. Crites. SirTositivo At-All. Howard, William, Lord. 1540. lielu-d Will. Howe, Dr. Fl. circa 1700. Shrill (iucrpo. Howe, John. lti;?0-170*!. Th(! I'lutoiiio Puritan. Howe, Lyman. 1K01-I(;i. The Landlord. The S of S((>i)tir.s. Hume, Joseph. 1777-1S.")5. .Xilvcrsity Hunu'. Humphrey Plantagenet. -14l(i. 'riic (iood l)nki- Huiii|ihrey. Humphreys, General Andrew A. 1810-. Old Mathi'nialics. Hunt, James Henry Leigh. 1781-185',). I'>ucchus. liarold Skimpolc. Thf .lovo of the Modern Critical Olympus. Kinji L.>ii,'h. Lord Mayor of the Theatric Sky. Hunt. "Ward.^ Kl. clmt ISKi. Hohhcs. Hunter, John Kelso. 1.S02 1S7.!. .I.'.hn KohWlcr. Huntington, Earl of. l'"l. riri-S(i-lt)44. 'J'hc Scott isii Vandyke. Jane of Castile. 147'.t-l.').'>5. The Inihecih'. Janin, Jules Gabriel. 1804-. Lc lioi dis Feuillclons. Jarnowick. I'i'l. (iioitNoviciii. Jasmin, Jacques. 17',>s-18thl. The r>arii(T I'oi't. 'I'JK! Last of the Troubadours. Jeacock, Caleb. -17.s<;. 'i'lie Literary I!;'.Uer. Jean II. of France. i:;()'.-i:;m. The (;ood. Jean IV. of Brittany. l.>.s'.)-l-)4'_'. Tlif N'aliant. Jean VI. of Armenia. Fl. ninth centurv. Catholicos. Jefferson, Thomas. 174:".-l.sji;. Long Tom. Tlie Sage of Monticello. Jeffrey, Francis. 177.; is.".(). The Aristar(;lius of tlie I'Minliurgli Review. Jeffreys. Lord George. hMD-KlSt. The Westeiii I langnian. Jennens. Charles. l'"i. ei-liteenth century. Solinian tiie Magnilieent. Jcnning's, Frances. I'/'/. 'I'ai.kot. Jennings, Henry Constantine. 17;>l-isrj. I )og .lenniiigs. Jennings. Sarah. 1()-1744. Old Saraii. (,)ueen Sarah. The Vi.croy. Jr>phson. I'l. seventeenth century. l'r..wdero. JEW 426 JOI Jewel, John. 1522-1571. The Jewel of Bishops. Joachim II. of Brandenburg. -1571. The Hector of Germaiiy. Jodelle, fiitienne. 15:j2-157;5. Tlie Father of the French Drama. Johann III., Elector of Brandenburg. 1455-1499. The Cicero of Germany. John V. of Brittany. 138'J-1442. The Good and Wise. John II. of Portugal. 1455-1495. Tlie Great. The Perfect. John V. of Portugal. -1750. Most Faithful Majesty. John Frederick, Duke of Saxony. -1532. The Saxon Duke. Tlie Second Parent of the Reformed Cliurch. Johnson, P. R. Fl. circa 1840. Lindsay. Johnson, John Henry. -1826. Irisli Johnson. Johnson, Rev. Samuel. 1(549-1703. Ben Joclianan. Johnson, Dr. Samuel. 1709-1785. The Blaspheming Doctor. Blinking Sam. Tlie Bolt Court Philosopher. The Cerherus of Literature. The Classic Ranihler. The Colossus of English Philology. The Giant of Literature. The Great Bear. Great Calihan. The Great Cham of Literature. The Great Moralist. The Great Seer. The Incomprehensible Holofernes. A Learned Attila. Our Letter'd Polypheme. The Leviathan of Literature. The Literary Anvil. The Literary Castor. The Literary Colossus. Our Literary Whale. Poinposo. The Respectable Hottentot. Sir Charles Easy. Sober. Surly Sam. Ursa Major. Johnston, David Claypole. 1799-1865. Our American Cruiksliank. Johnstone, William. Fl. sixteenth century. The (Jalliard. Joinville, Jean, Sieur de. 1224-1318. The Father of French History. JON 427 JUV Jones, Inigo. 1573-1053. The Eiifjljsh Palladio. The P^iif^lisli Vitruvius. Lanthorn Lcatliorhead. Master Surveyor. I'aiicridf^e Earl. Jones, James C. 180<)-18o9. Lean Jiiniiiy Jones. Jones, John Paul. 1747-1792. (Jray. Jones, O. Fl. 1780. The Devonsliire Poet. Jones, Richard Robert. 1780-1843. Dick of Aberdaron. Jones, Sir William. -1()82. IJartoline. lUill-faced Jonas. Jock Preshvter. Jones, Sir William. 174<;-17n4. Tlie Admirable Criclitou of His Day- Linj^iiist Jones. Jones. William. 17-2(;-lS0O. 'I'rinity Jones. Jonson, Ben. l.")74-l(i;'.7. J!ral)ant Senior. Tlie Prickbiyer. Tiie C'orypliiL'us of Our Elder Dramatists. Eniulo. Eatber Pen. Tiie Father of Poets. Th(! (Jreat Soul of N'unibers. Honest Pen. The Juvenal of tlio lMij;lish Drama. Old l!<'n. Pare I'.cn. A Rival to the (iod of Ilarmonie. Tor(|uatus. "i'ouii^ I loraoe. Joseph I. of Germany. 1(;7(>-1711. Tlie \'ict( rious. Josquin des Pros. M.".'- l.")ir). Tbe l^'atlierof Mo17-1707. The t'araoci of !" ranee. Joyeuse, Anne de. 1501-1587. Tbe Kinj^'s Kinj;. Julian, Flavius Claudius. 331-;i<>3. Tbr A|istatr. Julian, Georg-e W. 1S17-. Tiir Orator of Free-Dirt. Julius II. M4:;-i:.i.'.. ,\ Second Mars. Junot, Andoche. 1771-181,".. 'I'll.' TeMi|iist. Justinian I. 4S.; 5ri5. Tbr <;reat. Juvenal, Docimus Junius. Fl. second century. The A(iuinian Sage. KAN 428 KEU KANG-WANG. 1098-1152. The Pciiccfii!. Kearney, Philip. 1815-18G2. Fii^litiiig Pliil. The One- Armed Devil. Oiie-Ariiied Phil. Keats, John. lT'JG-1821. Adoiiais. Pestl email Jack. Keith. Mrs. Murray. 17.36-1818. Martlia Bethune Baliol. Kelley, "William D. 1814-. The Father of the House. Kempe, William. Fl. sixteenth century. William the Conqueror. Kenyon, John. -185(). The Apostle of Cheerfulness. Kepler, Johann. 1.571-1030. Tlie Father of Modern Astronomy. Khaled. r)S'_>-(;42. Tlie Sword of God. Kieft, William. -1CA7. William the Testy. Kien-Long. 1701)-17iW. The Illitstrious. Killigrew, Thomas. IGl 1-1682. Merry JJroll. Kilpatrick, General Judson. 18.36-1881. Kill. The Raider. King', Ed-ward. -1637. Lvi'idas. King, William. 1663-1712. Huinpty-Uuinpty. King, William Rufus. 1786-1853. Miss Nancy King. Kingsley, Charles. "1819-1875. Tlie Chartist Parson. Kingston, Duchess of. Vid. Chtjdleigh. Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb. 1724-1803. The Creator of Biblical Epic Poetry. The German Milton. Knox, John. 1.505-1572. The Apostle of Scottish Reformers. A Calvinistical Pope. The Firebrand of His Country. The Reformer of a Kingdom. That llfdigious ^Slachiavel. Koerner, Carl Theodor. 1791-1813. The Tyrtiiuis of (Jcrmany. Kotzebvie, Augustus Friedrich Ferdinand von. 1761-1819. 'I'he Shakespeare of Germany. Krasicki, Ignatius. 1774-1801. Tiie Polisli Voltaire. Krudener. Julia de, 1764-1824. The Joan of Arc of Peace. KUH 429 LAP Kuhlau, Friediich Daniel Rodolph. 1787-1832. Tlie J5(iotlj<>vt;n of the Flute. Kyrle, John. 1040-1724. The Man of Ko.ss. LAAR, PETER VAN. ir.l.Vir,74, Le Miclicl-Aii}>:e des Bamboches. Labe, Louisa. l.")2(i-15(i(i. A.si):isia of Lyons. La IJelle Cordiero. Cajitaiii Louisa. Lac6p6de, Bernard de la Ville, Comte de. 1758-1825. Lc Koi (Ics licptilcs. Lactantius, Lucius Coelius. Fl. fourth century. Tlie Cliristiaii (!ircro. Ladislaus of Naples. i;i7r>-1414. The Victorious. La Fayette, Marie Madeleine de. ICM-IGSS. TIk' Ko-. La Fayette, Marie Jean Paul, Marquis de. 1757-1834. ( Iraiidison ( 'roniwril. Laffemas, Isaac de. l.")S7-](w7. 'I'lic ( 'ardiual's I lannnian. La Fontaine, Jean de. I(i21-1G95. Th(^ ylOsoi) of i''rauco. The l''rciich llonur. Polyi.hilo. La Harpe, Jean Francois de. ]7.'?!MS03. 'llif l''(iiitiiifllf of His Cienoratiou. Lalng, A. S. Kl. rir,',, LST.O. .Mr. FaiiK. Laing-, Alexander. 17S7-1S.')7. Tiic r.rccliiii I'oct. Lamartine, Alphonse. 17!i2-18()9. 'I'hc Narcissus of France. Lamb. Lady Caroline. 17.S5-1828. .Mrs. Kilix Lorraiuo. Lady Calautlia. l.ady Motitca<;l('. Lamb. Charles. I77.">-1S:!4. The .Mitre Courtier. Old Honesty. I'pri-lit relltrntli, Esq. . Lamb. Mary. I sit. Cousin I'.riiluet. Lamoi3rnon. Chretien FranQois. 1014-1700. .\ risi us. Landor. Walter Savage. 177.") -I.sii4. I Iee|i-M(iutlied 1 '. tiau. (;>l,ir. 1,1 wi-eiice I!(iytlicinie. Lano\re. Frangois de. -l.");il. i;i:.s (!. Fer. I mil- A rni. Jjonpclownn, Viscount. Vhl. Ciii anvit.i.f. LupliHM^ Piorro .Simon, Marquis do. 174'.i-lS27. 'I'hr .Modern Newton. LAR 430 LEG Lardner, Dionysius. 1793-1859. Diabolus Gander. Las Casas, BartolorQ6 de. 1474-1566. Tlie Apostle of the Indians. Las Casas, Comte de. 1766-1842. The Sage. Latour d'Auvergne, Theophile de. 1743-1800. Tlie First Grenadier of France. Laud, Archbishop William. 1573-1644. Hocuspocus. The Little Vermin. Parva Laus. The TJrcliin. Lavater, Johann Caspar. 1741-1801. The Grane. The Father of Physiognomy. The Pension of Germany. Law, John. 1671-1729. Beau Law. The Paper King. Lawes, Henry. Fl. 1650. Tuneful Harry. Lawless, John. 1772-1837. Honest Jack. Layamon. Fl. twelfth century. The English Ennius. Laynez, Roderigo. 1026-1100. The Gid. Leapor, Mary. 1722-1746. The Untaught Poetess. Learmount, Thomas. Fl. thirteenth century. The Merlin of Scotland. Thomas the Rhymer. True Thomas. Le Blond, Louis Vincent, Comte de St. Hilaire. 1766-1809. The Roland of the Army. Lebrun, Charles. 161t)-16y0. The Learned Painter. Lebrun, Ponce Denis. 1729-1807. The French Pindar. Ledain, Oliver. -1484. Le Diablo. Lee, Alexander. -1831. Lord Barrymore's Tiger. Lee, Ann. 1735-1784. Mother Ann. Lee, Elizabeth. Vid. Mrs. Temple. Lee, Henry. 1756-1818. Legion Harry. Light-Horse Harry. Lee, Nathaniel. I(i57-1690. Tlie Mad Poet. Lee, General Robert Edmund. 1808-1870. Bob IjCc. Uncle Robert. Legendre, Louis. 175()-1797. The Peasant of the Danube. LEI 431 LIL Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm. 1G4C-1716. Tlie Vu^t of Philosophers. Leigrh, Mrs. Augusta. -IKol. Augusta. Leighton, Robert. IGl.'MdM. 'J'lie l'"i*ii('lou of Scotl.'iml. Lejars de Gournay, Marie. 1506-1645. 'J'hc Tenth Muse. Leland, John. l~)(Mi-V>.'>'2. 'V\\f Aiiti(iu:iriiiu Poet. Lemaitre, Fr6dfcric. 1800-1876. l>oiilevarer A he Dessaiirr. Leopold I. of Belgium. 17'.tO-1865. Tlie Nestor of Kurope. Leopold I. of Germany. ltUO-1705. Tiie Creat. Tiie Little Man iu Red Stocking.s. Leopold II. -1411. 'J'he Hi;;. The Courtlv. Lessing, Gotthbld Ephraim. 17'29-1781. The .Ksop of tJerniany. Tlie I''ather of (ieruian Literature. The I'"r<'(lcii(;k of Thouj;ht. L'Estrange, Roger. ](il(i-1701. Old Nolls iMddler. Shcva. Le Sueur. Eustace. Ilack Jack. Jack of Spades. Loison, Louis Henri, Comte. 1771-1816, Maneta. Lokman. Fl. fifth century. The .Esop of Arabia. Lollard, V;7'alter. -1322. The Morning Star of the Reformation in Germany. Lombard, Pierre. -11()4. The INIaster of Sentences. Long, Edward Noel. -1809. ("Icon. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. 1807-1882. Tlie Poet of the Conimoni)laco. Longinus, Caius Cassius. -42 IJ.C. Th(^ I^ast of the Romans. Longinus, Dionysius Cassius. 213-273. The Living Cyclopa>dia. The Tjiving Library. The Prince of Critics. The AYalking :sruseum. Lonsdale. Earl of. Viil. Lowthkr, Lorris, Guillaume de. 1235-12G5. Tlie French Enuius. LOU 433 LOU Loughborough, Lord. Vid. "Webderburnh. Louis II., Prince of Cond6. I(i21-l(i(i. Tlie Great. Louis I. of France. 778-840. Lc Debonnaire. The Meek. Tlu! Pious. Louis II. of France. 846-879. Lc I5l'j;ue. Tlic Staiiiincrer. Louis IV. of France. 901-954. D'Outrc-Mcr. The P'oroifiiier. Tr;uisin:uiiic. Louis V. of France. 900-987. Ln. Louis IX. of France. 1215-1270. Tlio Sdldiiioii of France. Louis X. of France. 12.S'.-i;?l(). I.c Hiitiii. Louis XI. of France. 142:^-1483. Most Cliristiaii Kiiij^. A I'lTJiirM I'riiicc. Tlio Universal Si)idcr. Louis XII. of France. 14'.(; hiOl. The NuMe Wit ,,| Sc.tlan.l. Mackenxiie. Henry. 17l.'> ]x'-'<]. The AddisMi, nf the North. The Aued Man. 'i'he M.in of I-'eeliiii:. Mackerchor. Daniel. PI. 17.".(i. The Meltiliu Srot. Mackintosh, Sir James. 17i;.') IHI'.'J. The AjM.-lal.'. Suhs(ri|itiuii Jatuio. MAC 436 MAL Maclehose, Mrs., ne Agnes Craig. 1759-1841. (Jlarinda. Macpherson, James. 1758-1790. The Sire of Ot;sian. M'Pherson, Samuel. -1743. A Second Xeuophon. Macready, William Charles. 1793-1851. The King Artliur of the Stage. Macrinus, Jean. 1490-1557. Tlie French Horace. Maerlant, Jakob. 12:?5-. The Fatiier of Dutch Poetry. The Fatlier of Flemish Poets. Maffei. Andrea. 1800-1885. The N(>stor of Modern Italian Authors. Magellan, Fernando de. -1521. Mightv Eagle. Maginn, William. 1794-1842. Tlio Adjutant. Ensign. The Modern Rabelais. Odoherty. Peter Mac-Grawler. The Prince of Pedagogues. The Standard J?earer. Magliabecchi, Anthony. 1633-1714. II liiblioteca Aiiiuiata. The Book Prodigy of His Age. II Divoratore de' Libri. The Glutton of Literature. Helluo. Magnus of Northumberland. -1449. Red Mane. Mahomet, or Mohammed. 571-632. The Apostle of the Sword. The i'rophet. Mahone, General William. 1826-. Skin and Bone. Maimon, Moses ben. 1135-1204. The Light of the Age. Maintenon, Frangoise d'Aubign6, Marquise de. 1G35-1719. Astarl)e. La Belle Indieniie. Estlier. Madame Solidity. Malara. Fl. sixteenth century. The Betisian Menander. Malcolm III. of Scotland. 1024-1093. Can-More. Malcolm IV. of Scotland. 1141-1165. Tlie Maiden. Malebranche, Nicolas. 1638-1715. The Plato of IFis Age. Malherbe, Franqois de. 15,55-1628. The Father of .Modern French Poetry. The Oracle of Good-Sense. The Purist of Language. MAL 437 MAR Malone, Edmond. 1741-1812. Marc^llus. Mamoun, Al. 7H(;-S:);5. Tlie Augustus of Aral)ian Literature. Tlio Fatlier of Arabic Literature. Mandeville, John de. VMy-VlTJ. The Itrtu'e of tlio Fourteenth Ceutury. Manning, Mrs. -l.S4'.t. Mall(Iuois(ll(^ llortense. Manning, Thomas. 1774-1S40. The Dariini,' of tlie Nine. Mansel, Dr. William. -1820. .Maiciius. Manwood, Thomas. -ICA2 ? I'liilarete. Mapes, Walter. ll.-)()-119(5. Tlie .Aiiacreon of the Twelfth Century. 'i"he .fdvial 'I'oitcr. Mar, Earl of. Vnl. Kkskink. Marat, Jean Paul. ]744-17'J3. L'Aini (lu I'euple. March, Arisias. -14()2. Tlic I'i'trarcli of Cataloni.a. Marck, William de la. 144(;-l48o. 'i'iie Wild Hoar of Ardeinu'S. Marets, Samuel de. ].")'.i*.-l(;<;;5. The Little I'rfaclicr. Margaret of Denmark. l.!,"i:>-1412. Tilt' .'^iiiiiraiuis of the North. Margaret of Norway. -IJ'.K). 'l"he .Maid of Norway. Maria I. of Portugal. -Isic. Tli<^ LusiaiTs Lur]\h>ss (iueeu. Maria Louisa. 17'.tl-lS47. 'I'he I )cadly Austrian. Maria Theresa. 1717-17.s(). The Mdderu Hiiipolvta. 'I'lic .Mother of I fcr Country. Mariana, John. l.">:>7~ltiL'S. 'I he Father of S|)anish History. Marie Antoinette. 17,").V17!i:>. 'I'lie Austrian. Tlie (Juardian Aii;,'el of Franco. Ma( 11 t-l( ;_'."). 1 1 ( 'av.'ilii-re. Marion, General Francis. 17.1'_'-17'.'."). Thi' SwaMip I'"o\. Marlborough, Duko of. I'/i'. Chiiuhill. Marlowe, Chri.stopher. 1.")i;l15'.k;. That A theist TaiiiliUflaii. Tlir I'atlierof l'".iiudisii Dramatic I'oetry. Marley. A Second Sliakespi'aic. Marot, C16ment. 1481 l.-)14. The I''ren<'h ( 'hauccr. Till' Port of I'rinces. The \alel i'oct. MAR 438 MAX Marryat, Captain Frederick. 1792-1848. A Sea Fielding. Marstiall, John. 1755-1835. Tlio p;xi)ounder of the Constitution. Marshall, Stephen. -1655. The Geneva BulL Marston, John. 1575-1633. Brabant Junior. Clove. Crispinus. Kinsayder. Mellidus. Publius Ovid. The Rugfjed Timon of the Elizabethan Drama. Martin, Samuel. -1788. The Duellist. Martorell, John. -1460. The Boccaccio of the Proven9al Language. Marvell. Andrew. 1(;2()-1G78. The Briti>5h Aristides. Mary, Queen of England. 151(M558. Bloody Mary. Mary, Queen ofEngland. -1694. Chelonis. Mason, William. 1725-1797. Scroddles. Mass6na, Andr6. 1758-1817. The Favored Child of Victory. Massillon. Jean Baptiste. 1663-1742. The Cicero of France. The Peaceful Prelate. Massinger, Philip. 1584-1640. Apollo's Messenger. Our Mercuric. A Sot. Mathew, Theobald. 1790-1856. The Apostlf! of Temperance. Mathias, Thomas James. 1750-1835. That Miserahle Imp. The Nameless Bard. Matsys, Quentin. -].~);>1. The Blacksmith of Antwerp. Matthew, Dr. Toby. 154(;-l(i28. The Preaching Bishop. Maundeville, Sir John. 1300-1372. The Lying Traveller. Maximilian of Bavaria. 1573-1651. The (ireat. Maximilian I. of Germany. 1459-1519. The Last of the Knights. PiK'hi Danari. Tlicuerdank. Maximilian II. of Germany. 1525-1576. The Delight of Mankind. A German Mithridates. The Prince of Peace. MAX 439 MET Maximus, Quintua Pabius. -203 B.C. Cunttator. Th(! Delayer. May, Thomas. 1595-1650. Tlie Jlistoriaii of tlie Long Parliament. Mazarin, Cardinal Jules. l(i02-l(i4-1799. The riyssesof l!ihlios Merck. Merry, Robert. 17.V) I79S. Delia Crusra. Mersch, Johann Andreas van der. 17.'54-1792. The lirave I'"leiiiiiiLC. Mesmer, Friedrich Anton. 17;'.4-1S1,"). The l-'ather of .Mesiiieri-;in. Metellus, Quintus. ."."> I',.(". Cieticus. Metternich, Prince Clemens Wenzcl. 177.V1S.')9. Tlie Autocrat of Austria. MEU 440 MIN Meung, Jean de. 1260-1320. Clopinel. Tlie Lydgate of His Day. Mezzofanti, Cardinal. 1774-1849. The Briareus of Languages. A Monster of Languages. A Walking Polyglot. Michael II., Emperor of the East. -829. The Stammerer. Michell, Sir Francis. Fl. circa 1G20. Justice Greedy. Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855. Tlie Polish Byron. Midas of Phrygia. Mijthol. The Berecynthian Hero. Middleton, Conyers. 1083-1750. Fiddling Coiivers. Middleton, Richard. -1304. Doctor Profundus. Doctor Solidus. Mignard, Pierre. 1610-1G95. The Roman. Milburn, W. H. 1823-. The Blind Preacher. Millbank, Anne Isabella. 1792-1860. Aurora Kaby. Donna Inez. Miss Millpond. Miller, Joseph. 1(584-17.38. The Father of Jests. Miller. Thomas. 1809-1874. The Basket-Maker. Millet. Jean Francois. 1814-1875. A Jupiter in Sabots. Milman, Henry Hart. 1791-1868. The Poet-Priest. Miloradowitch, Michael. 1770-1820. The Russian Murat. Miltiades. ^81 B.C. The Tyrant of the Chersonese. Milton. John. 1608-1674. Black-^fouthed Zoilus. The British Homer. The Defender of the People. The Divine. The English Mastiff. Great Gospel Gun. The Lady. The Pedagogue. The Prince of Poets. The Rival of Homer. The Samson Agonistes. Thyrsis. The Trader in Faction. Mind, Raphael. 1768-1814. The Raphael of Cats. MIR 441 JMON Mlrabeau, Boniface Riquetti, Viscount de. 1754-17'.>2. Bdrrel-Mirahfau. Mirabeau, Honore Gabriele Riquetti, Viscount de. 1719-1791. The J)enK)stlu'iR'S of l-" ranee. The Hurricane. The ^Modern Ciracclius. The Plebeian Count. The Shakespeare of Eloquence. Tub Mirabeau. Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de. 1715-1789. The Friend of Man. Mitchel, Ormsby M. ISlO-lSOli. (M(l Stars. Mitchell, William. Fl. eighteenth century. The (;r(!at Tinclarian Doetor. Mohammed II. of Turkey. 14.JO-1481. Tiie (ircat. Mblk. Heinrich von. Fl. twelfth century. The .(a venal of Chivalry. Moeser, Justus. 17liO-17'.i4. Tlie Frani2'2-l()l'3. Alceste. Tlie Anatninist of Htnnanity. lie Cont<;ini)latetir. Tiie French Aristophanes. (J.'laste. Ilypoi'hondre. The Kiiii;of Dramatists. Moli^re, Mme., >u:r Armande B6jart. 1G43-. ( 'eliiurnc!. Molinos, Miguel de. -IH'.m;. The (.iiiietist. Moltke. Count von. ISIK) . Dcr Scli\V(iL;saine. Mompesson, Sir Giles. I-'l. cimi ic^o. Sir ( liles ( )\i'rn'ach. Monk, Georg'e, Duke of Albemarle. 1008-1670. Ab.iacl. Old Cforge. Thr 'I'liinkini; Silent rn'iicral. Monmouth. James, Duke of. l<;i'.-l(;,s.-,. Absalom. Az:iri;i. Th(^ ]'rotest:\iit Duke. Monmouth, Duchoss of, ;kv Anne Scott. 1<'m1-1732. -Viinahel. Monro, Robert. \r:::.\. T\\o. ]\\:u-k r.nron. Montagu, Miir.\' Wortlcy. lti'.H)-17G'J. Artemisij. Tlif {'"I'liiali' .Ma'crnas. Minerva. Sappho. Montaigne. Michel do. ^''^''< l.^'.ij. Thr ["ath.T ,,| Modern M is.'rll.mies. Montausior, Due do. I'i'l. S;. .M Aiitr.. MON 442 MOR Montbars, . 1645-. The Exterminator. Montespan, Mme. FranQoise Atli6nais. 1641-1707. Calypso. Vashti. Montgomery, James. 1771-1854. Alcajus. The Bard of Sheffield. Classic Sheffield. Monti, Luigi. 1830-. The Young Sicilian. Montifaud, Marc de. Fl. 18.30. The Boccaccio of the Nineteenth Century. Montluc, Blaise de. 1502-1527. The Koyalist Butcher. Montmorenci, Francois Henri. 1628-1695. The Ui)liolsterer of Notre Dame. Montmorency, Anne, Due de. 1493-1567. The Fabius of France. Montpensier, Duchesse de. 1627-1693. La Grande Mademoiselle. Montrose, Marquis of. Vid. Graham. Moore, Dr. John. 1(J62-1714. The Father of Black-Letter Collectors. Moore, Thomas. 1779-1852. Anacreon Moore. The Bard of Erin. Jove's Poet. The Lansdowne Laureate. The Pander of Venus. That Piperly Poet of Green Erin. Poor Little. Sweet, Melodious Bard. Trumpet Moore. The Young Catullus of His Day. Morales, Luis. 1509-1586. II Divino. Moratin, Leandro Fernandez de. 1760-1828. The Spanish Moliere. Moray, Earls of. Vid. Stuart. More, Hannah. 1745-1833. A Giantess of Genius. Our Little David. The Tenth Muse. More, Henry. 1614-1687. The Chrysostom of Christ's College. An Intellectual Epicure. The iSIan-Mouse. Morecroft, Thomas. -1741. Will Wimble. Morellet, Andr6. 1727-1819. Bite 'em. Morgan, Lady, Sydney O-wenson. 1783-1859. Tlie Irisli De Stael. Morgan, Thomas. -1743. The Moral Philosopher. MOR 443 NAP Morley, Mrs. Fl. circa 1700, Tlialcstris. Mornay, Philippe de. 1540-1623. Jj;i ]'ai)u dos iluguciiots. Morrison, James. Fl. rirca 1850. 'J'lie MoUltii Cruisus. Morton, Thomas. 17(14-1838. A Truiihli T of Israel. Morus, Alexander. lGlG-1670. The Etlii(>|>. Mossop, Henry. 17.'50-1773. The Distiller of Syllables. Motteux, Peter Antony. 1(J(J0-1718. Our Stuidy Teuton. Mountjoy, Lord. Vid. Blount. Mozart, Johann Chrysostom. 175G-1791. The l'"atii(r of Modern Music. Tlie Kai)liael of Music. Muller, Johann von. 17r>'_'-180!). The Tl]iu'ye:iu Sahreur. Kinu l''ranci)ni. Murray. Earl of. Viil. Stuart. Murray, Earl of. -15'.r_>. Voun;,' Waters. Murray, John. I77S-1H4.'^ A I'cxconib IJookseller. The Kin|irror of the West. M-wynvawr. Morgan. 87"J-lt)01. Tilt! I'ourteiius. NAIGEON, JACQUES ANDRl^. 1738-1810. Thr In(iui>itiir ,.1' Atlieists. Nairne, Baron William. 17rMi-l.s:). Ivinil Kohin. Nairne, B:>roness. I'/-/. Or.iPHANT. Napier, Macvei(?h. 177ear. NIC 445 OCO Nichols, John. 1744-182G. The Ceusor-Ciencnil of Literature. Tlie Prosper Marcliand of English Literature. Nicholson, John. 17'.K>-1^3. Tli(! Airedale Poet. Nicholson, William. -1*19. 'I'lit' (iallowav i'oet. Nicolai, Christopher. 1733-1811. Erz-Pliilister. Nicomedes II. 14'J-191. Till' Illustrious. Nokes, James. Fl. riz-ca 1700. The Listnii of His Age. Norbury, Earl of. -Ifvil. The liaiiiiiii}; .Jiiili;<'. Norfolk, Henry Granville Howard, Duke of. 1815-18ea The Dukt' of .J uggeruaut. Norris, Henry. -17li3. Dicky Scrub. ll(i>ih-lio. luliilee Dieky. Norris, John. -lt4ii. l''()iil-\\'('atlicr .Jack. Northumberland, Earl of. Fl. si.xteenth century. iiladaiiioar. Norton, Sir Fletcher, Baron Grantley. 171G-1789. Sir I'.ull-Face l)<.ul>le-Fee. Norton, Thomas. lu.jJ-1584. Arcliicariiilcx. Notger of St. Gall. 8;i0-912. 'I'hc St;!iniiHT(T. Nowel, Samuel, -hi.s.s. The I'iirhliiiu' <'ha|ihuii. Nug-ent, George Granville. Lord. 1788-1851. The iJuekinghamsiiin; Drai^on. OASTLER. RICHARD. 1789-18(;i. Tl:c Factory Kiiii,'. Gates, Titus. li;-_'()-17o,j. Corali. The Knight of the Post. Libri. The Li-ht of the Town. An Orthodox l!e;ust. The Scorn of tiic ("ourt. Thou Shred of a Loom. Titus Tclltr..lh. Obertraut, Johann Michael. Fl. .seventeenth centurv . Per Dc'it-chc Michael. O'Carolan. Turloch. Iii7(> 17:'..s. The Irish Anai'rcdii. The l,:,.t True P.ard of Ireland. O'Connell. Daniel. 1775 1,S47. l::- <). Tiie (h-.'at (). The Irisli A-itator. Tlie Lilierator. OEH 446 OTH Oehlenschlager, Adam Gottlob. 1777-1850. The Poet King of Scandinavia. Olaus III. of Norway. -1093. Tlie Pacitic. Oldcastle, Sir John. -1417. The Good Lord Cobham. Oldfleld, Mrs. Anna. 168:^-1730. Lady Betty Modish. Oldham, John. 1653-1683. Astrophel. The English Juvenal. Marcelhis of Our Tongue. Oldys, Alexander. Fl. seventeenth century. Tlie English Scarron. The Little Poet. Oldys, William. 1696-1761. A Prodigy of Literary Curiosity. Oliphant, Caroline, Baroness Nairne. 1766-1845. The Flower of Strathearn. Oliphant, Laurence. -1792. The Auld Laird. Omar I. -644. The Commander of the Faithful. The Emperor of Believers. Opie, John. 17()1-1807. The Cornish Wonder. Opitz, Martin. 1597-1639. The Beau Brummel of Language. The Dryden of Germany. The Father of Modern German Poetry. The Restorer of German Poetry. Orl6ans, Gaston d'. 1608-1660. Cle'rante. Ormond, Duke of. -1745. Jemmy Butler. Orr, James L. 1822-1873. That Prince of Demagogues. Osman I. of Turkey. 1259-1326. The Conquc^ror. Ossian. Fl. fourth century. The Celtic Homer. The Gaelic Homer. The Glory of Scotland. The Northern Dante. That Poet of the Vague. Otho I. of Germany. 912-973. The Great. The Lion. Otho II. of Germany. 955-983. The Bloody. Rufiis. Otho III. of Germany. 980-1002. The Wonder of the World. Otho IV. of Germany. 1175-1218. The Proud. OTH 447 PAT Otho of Austria. -1339. ' The Jovial. Otto of Ballenstedt. -1123. TlHi liU-Ai. Otto of Meissen. 1116-1190. TIh^ liicli. Otway, Thomas. 1051-1685. Tom tilt! Secoiui. Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien. 1770-1846. Tlie Napiilc'oii of I'^inance. Oxberry, William. 178^1824. Tlic Fivt; l"s. Oxenstierna, Axel. 1583-1654. A(iuila A. J5ruiiinia>_'ein .loluison. The Mail with a Wij,'. The Nazarite. Parrhasius. Fl. fnurtli centurj- B.C. 'i'h(^ Kini; of I'aiulers. The I'ritice of I'ainters. Parsons, Tlieophilus. 17.">0-l.si;?. Tiie ( liaiit (if I lie Law. Parsons, Tliomas William. Isl'.V-. The I'.Mt. Pastorius. Francis Daniel. ltMl-1719. The I'ltmsyU aiiia I'iluriin. Paterson. Robert. -ISOl. Old Mortalitv. Patin, Guy. li;nbin. Perryan, Noel. Fl. seventeenth century. ColoTl. Persius Flaccus, Aulus. 34-G2. The Lifiurian Sajje. Persons, Robert. l.">46-1610. A rrotcus. Peter of Clugny. mKi-llbi]. Thf Vcnonible. Peter I. of Russia. 1(;72-1725. Tlic (ircat. Tlie Nortlicrn Star. Peter III. of Aragon. l_'.t-1285. The (irt'at. Peter IV. of Aragon. i;'.ll)-i:W7. TIk! ('tTCIIlOIliotlS. Peter. Vi'l. also I'l.nuo. Petrarch, Francesco. l.''.04-i;)74. The I'riiicc of Italian I'oot.s. 'I'lie Tuscan Imp of I'"aiiu!. Petronius, Caius. ->( Ciu.l. Tlio MaL;naniiiii>us. Philippe III. of Fi-ance. 124.5 12S,5. I,e llar.li. Philippe IV. of France. 12(nS-1.;14. I.O H.l. The Fair. A Malignant Plant. Tho .Nloderu I'ilate PHI 450 PIP Philippe V. of France. 1293-1322. The Long. Philippe VI. of France. 1293-1350. Le Bien Fortune. Philips, John. 1676-1708. Pomona's Bard. Philips, Katherine. 1631-1664. The Matchless Orinda. Philipps, Morgan. -1577. The Sophister. Phillips, Ambrose. 1675-1749. Macer. Nam by-Pamby . Phillips, Wendell. 1811-. The Patrick Henry of New England. Philo Judseus. Fl. first century. The Jewish Plato. Philopoemen. 25:^-183 B.C. The Last of the Greeks. Phipps, Sir Constantine. -1723. The Impudent. Picart, Stephen. 1631-1721. Le liomain. Piccinino, Jacopo. -1465. The Thunderbolt of War. PichegTU, Charles. 1761-1804. The Savior of His Country. Picken, Andrew. 1788-1833. Dominie Legacy Picken. Pickering, William. -1854. Discipulus Aldi. Pierce, Franklin. 1804-1869. Purse. Pig'alle, Jean Baptiste. 1714-1785. I'he French Phidias. Pill6w. General Gideon J. 180G-1878. Tlie Liberator of ^lissouri. Pilon, Germain. 1515-1590. The Father of French Sculpture. Pindar. 518^39 B.C. The Dircsean Swan. The Great Tlieban. Tlie Prince of Lyric Poets. The Theban Bard. Pindemonte, Ippolito. 1753-1828. The Italian Gray. Pineau, Gabriel du. 157.3-K>44. The Father of the People. Pinto, Ferdinand Mendez. Fl. sixteenth century. The Prince of Liars. Pinturicchio, Bernardo. 1454-1513. An Uml>rian Gozzoli. Piozzi, Hester Lynch. 1740-1821. An Idle Gossip. Matilda. Pippi, Giulio. 1492-1546. llomano. PIT 451 POP -Pitsligro, Lord. Vid. Forbes. Pitt, William. 1708-1788. ^^olus. An Atlas. The Bottomless Pit. The Uritish Cicoro. The Distressed Statesman. The (Jreat Commoner. Jowier. The Log<;erhead of London. The Youn^ Marshal. Pius VI. 1717-1798. The CJreat Harlot. TIh^ Last of Monsters. Pix6r6court, Ren6 de. 177.>-1844. The Corncille of the I'oulevards. Pizarro, Francisco. 147.")-1541. The ('on(|ucror. Plantin, Christopher. 1.")14-1,j89. The Cellitii of I'rintinj;. Plati6re, Roland de la. l.")24-1.5G7. Tlie .Ivist. Platner, Ernst. 1744-1818. The Nestor of (Jcrinan Pliihisoi)hy. Plato. 4'_'i>-;!28 r..c. Tlie Athenian Bee. The Bee-Lipjieil Uraele. l);enion. Deuni Philosoplionnn. The(!odof All I'hilosi.phers. The Moses of Alliens. Tlie l'hil()S()i>lifr of the Christians. Tlie I'rince of I'hilosophers. The Ka|it Saiji'. Player, Sir Thomas. Fl. 1(^0-1700. Itahsh.'ka. Plutarch. '>*)-V20? The ("heronean Sai^e. Pocahontas. iri;i.")-ltil7. X'iriiinia's Tutelarv Saint. Poe, Edgar Allan. l.sii-l,si;t. 'Die American Kichanl Savai^e. Poliziano, Angelo. 14,"i4-U'.t4. The Ituler of the Ausonian Lvre. Polk, James K. 17'.i.">-184'.i. \'(uinf; I lickory. Polyrenus, Julius. Fl. second century. The Macedonian. Polyg'notus of Thaos. Fl. tiftli century B.C. 'I'lie Katlierof Historic I'aintini;. Pombal. Marquis de. I'i'l. ('MtvAi.iio. Pomponazzi, Pietro. lldJ l.'i'Jl. i'erettd. Poniatowski, Joseph. 17t)."> 1814. 'ihe l'..lish Hayanl. Pope. General John. 182;>-. Saddle-lJag John. POP 452 Piiu Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. An Ape. An Apothecary. The Bard of Twickenham. The Best Poet of England. The Empty Fhisk. Gunpowder Percy. A Little Druid-wight. A Little Liar. The Little Man of Twickenham. The Little Nightingale. A Lurking, Way-Laying Coward. The Most Faultless of Poets. The Nightingale of Twickenham. Paper-Sparing Pope. Poet Pug. The Portentous Cub. Sawney. The Sweet Swan of Tliames. That True Deacon of the Craft. The Wasp of Twickenham. Pordage, Samuel. PL seventeeuth century. Mephibosheth. Porphyry. 233-305. The Philosopher. Porson, Richard. 17.59-1808. That Coryphseus of Learning. The Norfolk Boy. Portsmouth, Duchess of. 1G52-1734. ]>athslieba. Pot, Philippe. 1428-14M. La Bouche de Cice'rou. Potier, Augustin. -1(350. The Mitred Ass. Potter, Bishop. -1(!42. The I'uritanical Bishop. Poussin, Nicholas. 1594-l()(i5. The Intellectual Artist. Pride, Colonel. Fl. seventeenth century. The I'uiging Colonel. Yeastv Pride. Priestley, Joseph. 1733-1804. I'rotcus Priestley. Prince, John Critchley. 1808-1866. Tiie Bard of Hyde. Pring-le, Thomas. 1789-1839. The Lamb. Prior, Matthew. 1064-1721. Plenipo Hummer. The; Solomon of Bards. A State Proteus. Procter, Bryan Waller. 171X) -1874. Baby Cornwall. Euj)hu('s. A Moral Byron. Prudentius, Aiirelius Clemens. .'M8-. The Virgil and Horace of the Christians. PRY 453 RAC Prynne, William. 1600-1669. JJrave Jersey Muse. The Cato of the Age. The Homer of tlie Isle. Marginal rryniic. Vohiiuinous Trynne. William the Conqueror. Ptolemy I. 307-285 B.C. Sotcr. Ptolemy V. 210-181 B.C. Th(! Ilhistrious. Pugret, Pierre. Ki.'.Md'H. Tlic iMicliacl Ann(!h) of Sculptors. Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath. 1(;82-1764. That Wcather-Cdck. Puschkin, Alexander. W-M-W.il. Tlic llussiau Byron. Putnam, Israel, it 18-1790. Old I'ut. Pym, John. 15S4-1G4;?. Kiiij; I'yni. Pyne, John.' Fl. rirrn ICOO. The Kin^'of the West. Pyricus. Fl. fourth rciitury B.C. The Uyparotjraiihcr. Pythagoras of Samos. Fl. sixth century B.C. 'I"li<" Saue of C'rotona. The Samian Sa;;e. o UARLES, FRANCIS. 1,V,2-1(;44. ^^ Tiiose Blocklii'McIs (if Renown. Th(^ Darlinj^ of Our I'leheian Jud.iiments. The IjcvelhT in I'orti y. Queensberry, William, Duke of. -J(i".ij. The I'roto-Uehel. Querno, Camillo. -1.">_'S. Tlie Aniiclirist of Wit. Quillinan, Edward. 17'.il-lSol. I'lif Heavy Horseman. Quin, James. ltili.i-17'Ki. .\ Slaire Tieviathan. Quintana, Manuel. 1772-l.s.">7. Tiiu Sjianish 'l"yita;us. r)ABELAIS. FRAN901S. 14S:;-1,"):;. t Le Cuii' (le .Meu.lon. The Fatlier of liidicuh-. The Idol of the A-.'. Till' l.ucian of l'"i'aiiee. Mad Man. Tiie I'lnenix of Wit. Thr .Socrates cif thr l-'rini-h ilenaissance. Racan, Ilonorat do B\ieil. l,")S'.i-li;7U. A ! Iiiiiic in \'er>e. SaliiMe. Racine, J(3an. ir,;;'.-lti'.Hj. Acanie. KAC 464 KET Racine, Jean {contimied). L'Historien Trop Pay^. L'Hypocrite Riineur. Radcliffe, Mrs. Anne. 1764-1823. The Queen of Horror. Tlie Shakespeare of Romance Writers. Radcliffe, John. 1G50-1714. ^Esculapius. Rahbeck, Knud Lyne. ITGO-lS.'iO. Tlie Maecenas of Danish Letters. Raleig-h, Sir Walter. 1552-1G18. Our English Milo. The Sheplierd of the Ocean. Timias. iflameau, Jean Philippe. 1(!83-1764. The Newton of Harmony. Ramler, Charles William. 1725-1798. The German Horace. Ramsay, Allan. 1G85-1758. The Scottisli Theocritus. Ranc, Arthur. 1831-. Rock. Randolph, John. 1773-1833. Lord of Roanoke. Ranger, Morris. -1883. Tlie iSapoleon of Liverpool Finance. Raphael, Sanzio. 1483-1520. II Divino. Ratcliffe, Richard. -1485. Tlie Rat. Rawlinson, Thomas. Ifi81-1725. The Leviathan of Book-Collectors. Tom Folio. Raymond, Henry J. 1820-18G9. The Little Villain. R6aux. Vid. Tallemant des Reaux. Recamier, Mme. Jeanne Frangoise. 1777-1849. A Second Helen. Reeve, Clara. Euphrasia. Reg-nier, Mathurin. 1573-1G13. Tlie Father of French vSatire. Reinhart, Charles Stanley. 1844-. Velveteen. Remi, Philippe de. -1296. The French Justinian. Renan, Ernest. 182::i-. I/'olin. Ren6 of Anjou. 1408-1480. Le Ron Roi R(5n^. Ren 6 of Naples. -1452. The Good. Rennie, John. 1761-1821. Arcliimedes. Retz, Cardinal de. 1G14-1679. Catiline Retz. Monsieur le Coadjuteur. KEY 455 RIS Reynolds, Sir Joshua. 1723-1792. Tlio Bachelor Paintor. Tiie Raphael of England. Ribera, Jose. 1588-1( >.')(. Tiio Little Spaniard. Sj)a{i:nol('tto. Rlcasoli, Bettlno. 1801)-. The I5aron. Rice, Thomas D. 1808-1860. Jim Crow Rice. Rich, Christopher. -1714. Divito. Rich, John. 1<;<)0-17()1. Lull. Richard II., Due de Normandie. -1026, Tlie (iood. Richard I. of England. 1157-1199. C(uur lie liion. Richard II. of England. 13lossus. Tj"f".ininenc(> Routre. Tlic (inat Cardinal. TIk' Kiiii; "f tlie Kin4-1793. The Circe of the Iliivolution. Rolle, Richard. l'_".K)-i;U!t. The Hermit of Haiiipolo. Rollin, Charles. lf,t;i-1741. The l!ec of FraiiC(!. Tlmc\(li(les. Rolls, Colonel. Fl. seventeenth century. Iludiiiras. Roraaniis IV. -1071. I )i(n:cncs. Romilly, Sir Samuel. 17.'')7-1818. Tlic Law's Kx]ionii(ler. Till! Stattj's Corrector. Ronsard, Pierre de. l.")24-l.'').S.'). L'A|'olloii (ic la Sourct! des Mu.se8. The First Lyrist of France. I'he l''rciieh I'liaitcer. The Horace of France. Tlie Kinj; of Foets. The Petrarch of Franco. 'I'he Pindar of France. The Poet of the Future. Le I'oi'te des Rois. Tlie Prince uf the Ode. Roomen, Adrian van. l.')til-l()l.'5. Koni:unis. Roscius, Quintus. -()2 IJ.C. The .lewel. Roscoe. "William. 17."):Ms:'.1. The ( Jillyllower of Liverpool. Rosecrans, General William S. ISIl)-. Old li.isev. K.sey. Rossetti. Dante Gabriel. 1S_'S . I iainliii. Rossini, Giovacchino. 17'.i2-l.S(i,S. The Swan of Pesaro. Rotron, Jean de. \i'.''0. 'I'he l'\uiiider of tlie I'rench Theatre. Roubilhvc. Louis Francois. lii'.Ci ITH'J. The Little Seulplor. Rouquette, Abb6 do. l'"l. virfi ItKiO. Tarmne. ROU 458 ST. B Rous, Francis. 1579-1659. Anotlier Proteus. That Old Jew of Eton. Rousseau, Jean Jacques. 1712-1777. The Father of Sentiment. The Melancholy Jacques. Roussille. Vid. Scokaille de Roussille. Rowe, Nicholas. 1673-1718. Bayes the Younjjer. Rudolf II. of Germany. 1552-1612. The Hermes Trismegistus of Germany. The Prince of Alchemy. Rumford, Count. Vid. Thompson. Rupert, Prince. 1619-1682. The Brilliant. The Mad Cavalier. The Mirror of Chivalry. Tlie Prince-Rohber. Ruprecht of Germany. 1352-1410. The Straitened. Russell, Earl John. 1792-1878. Finality John. Tlie Lycurgus of the Lower House. Russell, Rev. John. 1740-1817. Black Russell. Russell, William Howard. 1821- Bull Run Russtdl. Ruysbroek, Jean de. 1294-1381. Tlie Divine Doctor. Doctor Ecstaticus. Rymer, Thomas. 1639-1714. Shakespeare's Critic. SACHEVERELL, DR. HENRY. 1672-1724. The High-Church Trumpet. A Pulpit-Physician. The Zealous Doctor. Sacheverell, Lucy. Fl. seventeenth century. Lr.casta. Sachs, Hans. 1494-1578. The Prince of Satirists. Sackville, General George Edward. FI. 1680. Benaiah. Sadi, Sheik Moslehedin. Fl. thirteenth century. The Niglitiuf^ale of a Tliousand Songs. Tlie Oriental Homer. St. Augustine. Fl. sixth century. The Apostle of the English. The Hammer of Heresies. St. Basil. Fl. fourth century. The Great. St. Bernard. 1091-1153. Doctor Mellifiuus. The Last of the Fathers. The Oracle of the Church. The River of Paradise. The Thaumaturgus of the West. SAI 459 ST. P Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin. 1804-1869. Anotlier rrotcus. Tlie J)(iii Juan of Literature. St. Bonaventura. 1221-1274. Doctor .Serai>lii('us. St. Boniface. (i80-75r>. The Aiiostle of Germany. St. Columba. .521-5!7. The Ai)ostle of the Highlanders. St. Cyril. -8tiH. Th(i Ajiostle of the Slav.s. St. Denis. Fl. third century. Tiie Aitostlt" of tlie Frcncli. Saint-Evremond, Charles de. 1G13-1703. The Old Siitvr. St. Francis d'Assisi. 1182-122(). Tlic .Scia|ihii' Saint. St. Hilaire, Comte de. Vid. Le Blond. St. Hilary. -:w;s. Malh'us Arianonini. The IMione of Cliristian Eloquence. St. Hubert. -727. The Aposth'of Ardeiine.s. St. Irenseus. Fl. second century. The Apostle of the (iauls. 'J'iie (ieni of .\sia. St. James. Fl. first century. The Lesser. St. John, Henry, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. 1672-1751. llij,'ii-.Mettled Harry. Proud iiiplintihroke. St. John, Oliver. l.^)'.iS-lfi7.'?. I'iie I)ark-Lantern Man. St. John Chrysostom. ;>.")1-107. The ( I liiriuus I'reacher. The (lohlen-Mouthed. John tiie A Inioner. Tiie Thirteenth Ajjostle. St. Mark the Evangelist. -CkS A.D. St. Martin, Bishop of Tours. .'!lt"i-;!97. 'I'he Aposlle of (iauj. Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de. 17 t.".-l.s03. 'i'lii- l'liih;(i|>licr iif the rnknown. St. Maure. Claude de, Due de Montausier. U>10~IC,<.). Aleesle. St. Nicholas. Fl. fourth century. The I'.oy liisholi. St. Ninian. I'l. fifth eenturv. The .\postl(> of the I'ir't's. St. Patrick. Fl. fifth eenturv. The Apostle of Ireland.' St. Peter of Ravenna. I'"l. fifth century. Chrysolo^iis. The (lolden-Tonuued. ST. P 460 SCH St. PourQain. Vid. Durandus. St. Vincent de Paul. 157(j-lGt50. Lc I'ere de la Fatrie. St. Willibrod. 657-7;i8. TJie Apostle of the Frisians. Salisbury, Lord. ISiiO-. Ciucilius. Sallo, Denis de. 1626-1GG9. The New Ai'istarclius. Sallust, Caius Crispus. 86-35 B.C. The lioinau Tiiucydides. Salmasius, Claudius. 1588-1053. Alastor. b iflva. The Great Kill-Cow of Christendom. The Great Pan. The Prince of Lettei'S. Sancroft, Williana. 161U-1G93. Zadoc. Sandford, Samuel. Fl. seventeenth century. The iSpagnolet of the Theatre. Sandjar. 1117-1158. The Persian Alexander. Sandwich, John, Earl of. 1718-1792. Jemmy Twitcher. Santerre, Antoine Joseph. 1752-1809. The Frothy General. Sarpi, Pietro. 1552-1G22. Father Paul. Paul of Venice. Saurin, Jacques. 1677-1731. The Jjossuet of the Protestant Pulpit. Sauval, Henri. 1620-1670. The Stowe of France. Savile, Georg'e, Marquis of Halifax. 1630-1691. Jothani. The Trimmer. Savile. Sir Henry. 1549-1622. The Lay Pisliop. Saxe, Maurice, Count de. 1096-1750. A Homeric Ajax. The Turenne of Louis XV. Scarlett, Sir James, Lord Abinger. 1709-1844. Tiie Priareus of the King's Pench. ILx-Otticio Jemmy. Scarron, Paul. 1()10-1660. Tiie Father of French Burlesque. The Invalid Laureate. Schiller, Friedrich von. 1759-1805. The Poet of Liberty. Tlie Sliak('si)earc of Germany. Schbnemann, Anna Elizabeth. 1758-. Lili. Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1786-1860. The Philosopher of Disenchantment. sen 4G1 SCO Schvimann, Mme. Robert, ne'e Clara Josephine Wieck. 1819-. Cecilia. Chiara. Zilia. Schunke, Jonathan. -18.%!. Joiiiitlian. Schurman, Anna Maria von. 1(507-1078. The Torrli of Wisdom. SchAverin, Count von. 1(184-1757. Tli! Litile Marlboroii-j;!!. Scioppius, Gaspar. l.")7()-l(>4i>. Tiic Attila of .Viitliors. Tiie (iraiiimatical Cynic. Scoraille de Roussille, Marie Ang61ique de. 1(5(31-1681. Brilliant Fontaiiui-s. Scot, Alexander. l.").)-l.")7(). The An;icieoii of .Vncient Scottish Poetry. The Scottish Aiiacreou. Scott, Adam. -I.")"!. The Kiiij; of the Horder. Scott, Anne. ('/'/. Duche.ss of roRTSMOUTH. Scott. Daniel. -18(J. j\\:\\\ l''airf()r(l. The .Viioslo of flie North. A l!:irrl of .Martial Lay. The I'.lack Hussar of Literature. The liorder .Minstr(d. A iJorderer Metween Two Ages. The Caledonian Comet. The Charmer of the World. Colonel (in>.i,'i;. The Duke of Darnick. I )uns Scotiis. The<;real liorder Minstrel. The ( ireat Mau'i4'.t-17l'l. Lord All-1'rido. Shelburne. Lord. 1737-1805. Mala.-ri1-1H10. A V.Hin- Hercules. Sheridan, Mrs. R. B., iitr Miss Linley. -179*2. Tlu^ Mai.l of liath. Sheridan. Thomas. -1817. Tom Sparkle. SHE 464 SIR Sherman, "William T. 1818-. Old Tecuniseh. Shirley, James. 1594-1006. The Last Minstrel of the English Stage. Shrewsbury, Countess of. Fl. seventeenth century. The Ivost Mistress. Shrewsbury, Duke of. Vid. Talbot. Sibbes, Dr. Richard. 1577-1();?5. Humble and Heavenly-Minded. Sidmouth, Lord. Vkl. Addington. Sidney, Algernon. 1022-lG8o. The British Cassias. Sidney, Sir Philip. 1554-1580. Astropliel. The Blazing-Starre of England's Glory. The British Bayard. Calidore. The Chevalier Bavard of Our History. The Englisli Petrarch. Tlie Flower of Cliivalry. Illustrious Philip. The Marcellus of the English Nation. Tlie Miracle of Our Age. Philisides. A Plioenix of the World. The Plume of War. The Poet of Kissing. Pyrocles. Our Rarest Poet. The Syren of This Latter Age. The AVarbler of Poetic Prose. The Zutphen Hero. Sidonius Apollinaris. 431-482. The Sydney Smith of the Gallic Church. Sigel, General Franz. 1824-. Dutchy. Slgfusson, Ssemond. Fl. eleventh century. Tlie Sage. Sigismund of Austria. 1427-1490. The Simple. Sigismund of Germany. 1. 307 -1437. The Balaam of Modern History. The Light of the World. Super Grammaticam. Sigismund II. of Poland. 1520-1572. Augustus. The Great. Sigourney, Lydia H. 1791-1805. The liemans of America. Simon, Richard. 10;58-1712. The Father of tlie German Exegesis. Simonides. 554-409 B.C. 'I'lie Cean Poet. The Samian Poet. Siri, Victor. l(il.Vl(;83. The Procopius of France. SKE 465 SOC Skelton, John. 14r)O-]520. The Inventive Skelton. Tlie Poet-Laureate of Oxford. The Viearof Hell. Skippon, General Philip. Fl. seveuteentli century. The Pious. Skobeleff, Michael. 1845-1882. Tlie I'oet of the Sword. Sleidan, John. l~>(X>-ir)b(>. The I'rotestant Livy. Slodtz, Ren6 Michel. 170.5-1764. Th(! .Michael Anjjelo of Sculptors. Smart, Anna Maria. Fl. circa 1770. The Lass with the (Joldeu Locks. Smith, Adam. llS-i-ll'M. Father Adam. Smith, Edmund. 16G8-1710. (Ja|>taiii Itaj^. KaiT Smith. Smith, Henry. I,5ti0-1591. Silver-T()ii>;u(Ml. Smith, John Thomas. 17(JG-1833. l{ainv-l)ay Smilli. Smith, Joseph. -1878. The Sheep-Maker. Smith, Dr. Robert. l(;H(t-17(a. lilack Smith of Trinity. Smith, Mrs. Spencer. Fl. circa 1800. Pair I'^lorfnc. Smith, Sydney. 1771-184.5. I'eler I'ith. Smith. Sir Thomas. 1514-1.577. The (ilorv of the Muses. Smith, Dr. Thomas. l(i;W-1710. Doctor Koijuery. Kalihi Smith. To^rai Smitli. Smith, William. 17(;!i-is:i<). Tlie I''athiT of Fnj;lisli (IcolOfjy. Smith, William. 17'.t7-1887. Fxtra I'.illy. Smitz, Gaspar. -1('.89. Majidalen Sniit/. Smollett, Tobias George. 1721-1771. Snielfuii;^i!S. A Vajjaliund Scot. Smyth, John. -HIK). The FathiT of lOnijlish Cciieral Paptist.s. Smythe, Georg-e Sydney. V\- niiieteentii century. Lionel .\veranche. Sobieski, John. KcM-KI'.m;. The Wizard. Socrates. 470-4(L' h.C. The Atlu'iiian .^aue. Tiie P,ear.ied Master. The Midwife of Men's Thouf'hts. SOC 466 SPE Socrates (continued). Plato's Master. The Wisest JNIan of Greece. Solari, Andrea. Fl. fifteenth century. Uel Gobbo. The Humpback. Solario, Antonio de. 1382-1455. II Zingaro. Soleyman Tchelibi. -1410. The Noble. Soleyman II. 1496-1566. Canuni. The Conqueror. The Law-Giver. The Magnificent. Somerset, Duke and Marquis of. ViU, Seymour and Worcester. Somerville, William. 1692-1742. The Poet of the Chase. Sophocles. 496-406 B.C. The Attic Bee. The Bee of Athens. Sorel, Ag-nes. 1410-1450. La Dame de Beaute. Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, Marshal. 1769-1851. Old Fox. South, Robert. 163.3-1716. The Scourge of Fanaticism. Southcote, Johanna. 1750-1814. The Spiritual Mother. Southey, Robert. 1774-1843. The Ballad-Monger. The Bard of the Bay. The Blackbird. My Epic Renegade. The First Man of Letters in Europe. Illustrious Conqueror of Common-Sense. Mouthy. The Poet of Greta Hall. Turncoat. Southwell, Robert. 1560-1595. Our Second Ciceronian. Spence, Joseph. 1698-1768. Phesoj Enceps. Spencer, Robert, Second Earl of Sunderland. 1642-1702. President Bob. Spenser, Edmund. 1553-1598. Anglicorum poetarum nostri seculi facile priuceps. Tlie Bard of Mulla's Silver Stream. The Child of Fancy. The Child of the Ausonian Muse. Colin Clout. The Fairy Singer. The Father of the Poets. King of Poets. The Mighty Minstrel of Old MoP. Mother Hubbard. SPE 4G7 STE Spenser, Edmund (continued). The Poet's Poet. Tlie Prince of Poets. The Kuhens of English Poetry. The Sage and Serious. Signor Iinmerito. Spenser, John. -I(j09. liich Spenser. Spira, Francis. -1548. l'iiih)l()gus. Spotswood, Alexander. lOTG-lT-lO. The Tuhal Cain of America. SpreuU, John. lti.^7-17'_"2. J5ass Join). Spurzheim, John Gaspar. 17()()-1S32. Doiister-Swivel. Squarcialupo, Ignazio. Fl. sixteenth century. (IrilTaiosto. Stael-Holstein, Anne Louise Germaine de. 170()-1817, t'orinne. An Orestes of Exile. Standish, John, -l.'iot). 1 )oi'ti)r Inkpot. Standish, Miles. 1.")S4-1(k'). 'i'lie Puritan Captain. Stanhope, Philip, Lord Chesterfield. ir)<>i-1773. Our English Kfichefoucault. Tiie .Ma'cenas and Petroiiius of His Age. The Prince of Wits. Sir John Chester. A Tea-Talile Scoundrel. Steedman, General James B. 18'J0-188;}. Old Chicaniauga. Old Steailv. Steele, Sir Richard. ir,7M72<). Tlie First of the British Periodical Essayists. Jay. Little Dicky. A Twnpeiniy Author. Steevens, George. 17;i<;-1800. The Puck (if Coniinentators. Stephen IL of Hungary. -li:'.l. Thunder and Liuhtuing. Stephens, Alexander H. ISI'J ISS.'!. The i.illh' i'ah' Star from (iroigia. 'i"he Nistor of tlie Confederacy. Sterling, Edward. 177:1-1.847. < 'ajitain Whirlw iiid. Tlie Magus of T/i,- Timi.<. The Thunderer of Thr Tiinr.<. Sterne, Laurence. 171.H-17(i8. '{"lie IJraliuiin. The iMiglish Hahelais. Vorick. Stesichoros. (i.".2-.'.VJ P..(\ Tlie Father of Clicial Epode. STE 468 STU Stevens, Thaddeus. 1793-1868. Old Thad. Stevenson, John Hall. 1718-1785. Eugeiiius. The Lord of Crazy Castle. Stewart, John. -1822. Walking Stewart. Stilling', Johann Heinrich. 1740-1817. Tlie (Jerinan Dominie Sampson. Stoddard, Sir John. 1773-185U. Doctor Slop. Stone, Henry. -1(553. Old Stone. Stothard, Thomas. 175.5-1834. Our Domestic Raffaele. Tlie Englisli Raphael. Stow, John. 1525-1()05. Trudger and Trencher. Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of. 1593-1641. The Crown Martyr. Strode, Ralph. ?i;;70-. The Pliilosophicall. Strunck, Nicolaus Adam. 1640-1700. Archdiavolo. Stuart, Charles Edward. 1720-1788. The Bonnie Chevalier. Father Buonaventura. The Highland Laddie. The Warming-Pan Child. The Young Cavalier. The Young Pretender. Stuart, Gilbert. 1742-1786. Zoilus. Stuart, Gilbert Charles. 1756-1828. The American Stuart. Stuart, Henry Benedict. 1725-1807. The Last of the Stuarts. Stuart, James, First Earl of Moray. 1533-1570 ? The Good Regent. Stuart, James, Second Earl of Moray. -1592. The Bonny Earl. Stuart, James' Francis Edward. 1688-1705. IjC Chevalier de St. George. The Old Pretender. Stuart, Mary. 1542-1587. Tlie ^Mermaid. The \Vhite Queen. Stubbs, Philip. Fl. sixteenth century. The I'rvnne of His Day. Stucley, Thomas. 1520-1578. Lusty Stucley. Sturlason, Snorrb. 1179-1241. The Northern Herodotus. Sturm, Johann. 1507-1589. The German (Mcero. Sturm, Johann Christoph. 16.'>.")-1703. The Restorer of Science in Germany. STU 4G9 TAM Stuyvesant, Peter. irK)2-1682. iliirdkojijii};: Piet. I'oter tilt! lleadstroiig. Suett, Richard. -18U5. Clionih Dicky. The Ildbin (lood-Fellow of the Stage. Suffolk, Lady Harriet Howard. 1(W-17G7. Cliloc. Sugar, Abb6 of St. Denis. 10<2-1152. Til*' Fatlit r of His Country. Suleymdn. \'/il. Solky.man. Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Due de. Io(j0-l(j41. J )iiIilt'.ssis-M(iriiay. The Iron Duke. Sumpter, Thomas. 17:U-18;{2. 'I'lio Carolina (ianie-C-'ork. Sunderland, Earl of. 17'/. Spkntek. Surrey, Earl of. 17'/. Howakd. Sutherland, Elizabeth, Countess of. 17(jo-18;]9. Hanzu-.M()iir-ar-(;iiat. Swain, Charles. 1S():;-1.S74. 'i'li(! Mancln'St(,'r I'oct. Swift, Jonathan. U'Au-lHo. ('adcnus. Mr. Dean. Tim P^n^clisli Ival''lais. Tiiis Iniiiious BulToon. I'ri'Slo. 'I'lic Italx'lais of (Jood Society. Swinburne, Algernon Charles. l.S.")7-. I )ennistip\vn Sydenham, Thomas. Itliil icso. Tin' l-'al!ier ot Moclern Practice in Medicine. Sykes, General George. 1824-1S8U. Svksev. Sykes,' SirMark. 17lM-1S-_';{. Lnrcli/o. Sylvester, Joshua. I.")(i;>-liil8. Silver-'I'oni^ned. A Trill! Natiianiel. Sym. Robert. 17.'>o-lsu. 'I'iiiiolliy 'i'icklcr. Syrus. Ephraem. :'>7S. Tlie I'roidicl of the Syrians. rpACITUS CORNELIUS. .^.1117. J 'I'iie Still. Talbot, Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury. -17is, The Kinu' of Hearts. Talbot. Frances Jennings, Duchess of Tyrconnel. ItVl'.t-lT: The White-Milliner. Tallemant des Reaux. Gedeon. liU'J Hi'.'-. The Cal"iiinioi;ra|die of llis .\.^e. Tallien, Madame. 1771 l.s:;i. Our Lady of Mercy. Tamerlane. i:'..r. I lo.".. 'I'he I'rince of Dc-truction. TAO 470 THE Tao-Tse. Fl. sixth century B.C. The Epicurus of China. Tarquin II. -19G B.C. Tlie Proud. Superhus. Tasso, Torquato. 1544-1595. The Bard of Chivalry. The Father of Tuscan Poetry. Tattersall, Jolin Cecil. 1788-1812. Davus. Tauler, Johann. 12!)4-1361. Doctor Ilhiminatus. Taylor, Jeremy. 1615-1667. Tlie Poet-Bishop. The Shakespeare of Divines. Taylor, John. 1580-1654. The Chanticleere. Tlie Scullor. The Water-Poet. Taylor, Chevalier John. Fl. 1750. Liar Taylor. Taylor, Thomas. 1758-1835. The Platonist. Taylor, Zachary. 1784-1850. Old Buena Vista. Old Rougli-aud-Keady. Old Zach. Rough and Ready. Tehuhe. -l'-'(X). The Aristotle of China. The Prince of Science. Temple, Lord. Vid. Gkenville. Temple, Mr. -1740. Philander. Temple, Mrs. Elizabeth. -1736. Narcissa. Temple, Henry John, Lord Palmerston. 1784-1865. Pam. Tennyson, Alfred. 1809-. The Bard of Arthurian Romance. Schoolmiss Alfred. Terpander of Lesbos. Fl. seventh century B.C. The Fatlier of CJreek ]Music. Terrail, Pierre du. 1476-1524. Le Chevalier sans Peur. The Flower of Chivalry. Tetzel, John. -1519. A Holy Autolycus. Textor, Katharina Elizabeth. Vid. Goethe, Mme. Thelwall, John. 1764-1834. (Jitizeii Thelwall. Theobald, Lewis. 1688-1744. The King of Dunces. King Tihbald. Margites. Theocritus. Fl. third century B.C. The Allan Ramsay of Sicily. THE 471 THY Theodoric. 455-526. The Great. Theodosius I. M5-395. Tlie Great. Thespis. Fl. sixtli century B.C. Tlie Father of tlie Greek Drama. Tlie Fatlier of Tragedy. The Richardson of Atliens. Thlard, Pontus de. 1.")21-1GU5. Tlie Frencli Anacreon. Thlbaut IV. 12()l-l-r);{. Tlie Father of French Poetry. Thibault, Comte de Champagne. 1210-1253. The Krench Fitz-Gsbert. Thorn, William. 17iW)-1848. The Weaver Poet. Thomas, Mrs. Elizabeth. 1G75-1730. (Joriinia. Thomas, General George H. 181G-1870. Gill Reliable. Pa Thomas. The Rock of Chicamauga. Slow Trot. Thomas, Isaiah. 174n-18;U. The Diilot of America. Thomasius, Christian. 1;7.")-172S. 'J'he A])ostle of Fnliglitennumt. Thompson, Benjamin, Count Rumford. 1753-1814. Jving of Fire. 'J'he Man of Stove. Thompson, Captain F. J. -1883. Skikari Tbompsun. Thompson, John. 17.")7-1843. Corner Memory Tlionip.son. Memory Thompson. Thomson, Alexander. 1744-1817. ()h1 Stav-Maker. The Stay- Maker. Thomson, Charles. 1729-1824. Truth-Telhr. Thoreau, Henry David. 1817-18<)2. Tlie Poet .Naturalist. Thornboroug-h, Bishop. -Iti-U. 1 )eii;iriiiH I'liili)so]ihorum. Throckmorton, Elizabeth. 1.'".70-1C47. The Lovely I'.essie. Throckmorton, John Courtney. 17rj:>-1819. I'.eiievolus. Throop, Enos T. 1781-. Small-l.i-bt 'I'bfoop. Thurlow, Edward, Lord. 17:i2-18<\;. The li-er. Thynne, Thoma.g. I''l. seventouuth century. IssaeliMT. Thynne, William. -154(). .\iilicus. TIB 472 TUR Tibaldi, Pellegrino. 1527-1598. The Reformed Michael Angelo. Tiberius Claudius Nero. B.C. 42-A.D. 37. The Imperial Macliiavelli. Tlie Prince of Hypocrites. Tilden, Samuel J. 1814-188G. Tlie Graystone Sage. Tiraqueau, Andre. 1480-1588. Judge Bridlegoose. Titus. 40-81. The Delight of Mankind. Toland, John. 16(19-1722. Tlie New Heresiarch. Tompion, Thomas. 1(;;38-1713. The Father of Clock-Making. Tonson, Jacob. 1G5(;-I7;5(j. Old Jacob. Tonti, Henri de. -1704. The Iron Hand. Tooke, John Home. 1736-1812. The Philosopher of Wimbledon. Topham, Thomas. 1710-1753? The British Samson. The Strong Man. Tosi, Carlo. 1538-1584. Cardinal Borromeo. Toussain, Jacques. 1547-. A Living Library. Townshend, Lord. Fl. eighteenth century. Lockit. Traill, Robert. 1642-1716. The Venomous Preacher. Treadwell, Daniel. 1791-1872. The Theologian. Tremblay, Francois Leclerc du. 1577-1638. Alter Ego of Richelieu. The Cardinal's Right Arm. L' Imminence Grise. Father Joseph. A Lackey. A Nero. Patelin. Trissino, Giulio. Fl. sixteenth century. Agrilu])o. Tristan I'Brmite. 1405-1493. The (iossip. Trousse, Marquis de la. -1648. Alcidas. Trumbull, Jonathan. 1710-1785. Brother Jonathan. Turner, Mrs. Anne. -1615. Dame Ursula. LTrsley Suddlechop. Turner, Francis. -1700. Mr. Smirk. Turner, Joseph M. W. 1775-1851. The Blackhirdy. TUR 473 VAN Turner, Richard. -1733. riuiu Tumor. Turner, Samuel. ? 1759-1802. Tlio Aiiiliassacior. Tusser, Thomas. l.')15-1580. 'I'lic Hu.sl)aiit (losiifllcr. Upcott. William. 177!i-1845. Tlie Old Mortality in His Line. Urqtihart, David. l.S(),->-l.s77. The Kussophobist. "TrALDES. JUAN MELENDEZ. 1754-1817. \ 'i'lic llcstori-r (if I'aniMSsiis. Valerius. Marcus. Fl. first cmtury. Coivus. Valette, Louis de Nog'aret de la. l."i'.t;5-l(;o9. Lc \ alft (ill (.-.udiiial. Vallot, Antoine. 1,")',M-1(;71. ToMli'S. Vanbrugh, Sir John. l(;ti(;-172(;. \an. Van Buren. John. 1810^ l.sc><;. The .lov.' of .Folly Friiows. The .liii.it<'r Tonans of His Party. I'ritM-r .lollM. Van Buren. Martin. 17S'_' ISti'J. 'l'!i<> Follower in tlio i''outstcps. Kin^' Marliii the l'"irst. The I-itllc Ma-iciaii. Till' Northi rn Man with Southern Principles. The I'olitical ( Irinialkin. Tlu! Sweet Little Fellow. The \Vea/e|. Mhiskev \;in. Vanderbilt. William H. 1.sl>M,VS(!. 'I'lie i;ail\\ :iy K inu'. Vane, Anne. 1710 17.'iiier of l'"erney. The I'rince of ScolTers. 'i'he I'rot. IIS of These Their Talents. Volterre. Daniel da. I."i-1.",(;(;. Tlie P.reeehes-.Maker. Vondel, Joost van den. l.'i^T 1ti.")0. Sliake Triumphant Exciseman. Walsh. William. l()fi;3-1707. The ^Musts' .Judge and Friend. Walsingham, Sir F. -15!X). Anivntas. Walton, izaac. 159.3-1683. The Father of Angling. Meek Walton. Warbeck, Perkin. -1499. The White P.osc of England. Warburton, William. 1698-1779. A Blazing Star. WAR 477 WEL Warburton, William (rontinved). A t'olossus of Literature. The Great Preserver of Pojic and Shakespeare. The Literary Bull-tlog. A Literary Revolutionist. The >[odern Stajjirite. The Most Iini)U(ient Man Livinc:. A ^louutebaiik in Criticism. The Poet's Parasite A Quaok in Connncntatorshi]!. The Sealii^er of tin* Age. A rnivcrsal PicccvProkcr. Ward. Dr. Joshua. Fl. eigiiteenth centiirv. S].i.t Ward. Ward. Sam. -1SS4. K inir of tlif Ix)lil)y. Warner, William. I."MH-|ti(i,S. Our Kii;;li'iii i lonier. Warring-ton. Earl of. I'"/, lioorn. Warton, Thomas. ITi'S -IT'.hi. IlolifSt Tniii. Mcnander. Warwick. Earl of. I'iil. Nkvii.lk and Br vtcH.VMr. Washing-ton, Georg-e. \~'.V2-17W. TIh! .Vinericaii Fahius. 'I'lii- Atlas of Anu^rica. The Cincinnatus of the W(;st. Tiic Di'livtrei- of ,\nii'rii-a. 'I'iie Father of HisCdUiitry. Tiie I'Mow t-r of the Forest. Tlif i-o\ ily ( i corgi US. Watson, James. -ls-_'(). The I)..<-tor. Wayne, Anthony. 174.")-1 "!<). .Mad AnthuuN. Till- 'raiiiirr. Tlir \\'ariii)r-l )ro\ cr. Webster, Daniel. ITS-J IS.Vi. The I'^xpouiKlrr I'f tin' ("oiistitut ion. .\ Tniitor to Frei-ddin. Webster, Noah. 17."iS Isi:;. Th.' S<-lnM,I-M:i-ter of ill.' P.-puMir. Wedderburno. Aloxander, Lord Ijoiig-hboroug-h, 1 7 ">> -l>i. .\ Pfrt, Prim I'lat'-rMl iju' Nurlhcrii \l:\<^ 17'.C). '{"he I'"atlier >( Fnulish P..tt.TV. Welby. Honry. l.V>l li;:;,s. Till- Hi-rmi: wf ( Irnli Str.-iM. Wellosley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington. 17^'.'- IViJ Till- ,\.'liil]e-;.,f Fnulaud, Th.- I!. -St of ('iit-lhi-..ats. Th.' Iuk.' ct Walcrlo,.. V.nv' ')v's I .ihi'r:ili'r. 1 he (in at Duke. WEL 478 WIL Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington (contimted). Tlie Iron Duke. Old Douro. Savior of tlie Nations. Wenceslaus of Bohemia. 1357-1419. The Nero of Germany. The Sardanapalus of Germany. The Worthless. Wergeland, Henrik Arnold. 1808-1845. The Betrayer of the Fatherland. The Holberg of Norwav. West, Richard. 1710-1742." Favonius. Westmoreland, Earl of. -1665. Sir Paridel. Weston, Joseph. Fl. circa 1800. Execrable Erostratus. Weyde, Rog'er van der. 1455-1529. Roger of Bruiies- Whately, Richard. 1787-186.3. The White Bear. Whitbread, Samuel. 1758-1815. Tlic Brewer. White, John. 15fl0-l()45. Century White. White, Rev. John. 1574-1648. Patriarch White. Whitefleld, George. 1714-1770. Doctor Squintiun. Whitelocke, Bulstrode. 1605-1676. The Temporizing Statesman. Whitman, Elizabeth. 1752-1788. The Co(|uette. Eliza Wharton. Whitman, Walt. 1819-. The Good Gray Poet. Whittier, John G." 1808-. The Qnaker Poet. Whyteforde. Richard. Fl. sixteenth century. The Wreieli of Sion. Wiclif. Vi,I. Wyclif. Wieck, Clara. Vhl .Mme. Schumanx. Wieck, Friedrich. 1785-1873. Master Karo. Wieland, Christoph Martin. 173.3-1813. The (Jcrnian Voltaire. Wilberforce, Samuel. 1805-1873. Soapy Sam. Wilberforce, Wilham. 1759-1833. The Man of Black Renown. Moral Washington of Africa. Wilbraham, Roger. 1743-1829. Sem])ronius. Wild, Henry. hW4-1734. The Learned Tailor. Wilde, Robert. Fl. seventeenth century. The Withers of the City. WIL 479 WIL Wilkle. Sir David. 1785-1841. TIhi Kajihiiel of Doincstic Art. The Scottish Tciiieis. Wllkie. William. 1721-1772. TIh' Scottish Homer. Wilkinson, Henry. -Kiiio. Dt'iin Harry. Wilkinson, Henry, Jr. VI. KWO. Loiiil Harry. Willamow, Johann. 17.">2. Thr Callic IJiillv. Old (Morions. William IV. of England. 171)5 ls.'.7. 'I"hc .S;iiiipi' l\ ini;. William I., Emperor of Germany. KiT-, i\art!Uscht'n|iriii/. William of Normandy. '.!:'.. I.i>ni;-S\vor(i. William of Occam. -i:'.47. I )Mctnr Sinuularis. Till' N'cni ralilf I nitiator. William I. of Orange. I.'>:;.'. l.")84. 'i"hi- Sili-nl. William of Scotland. 1 1 Ki- 1214. Tlic i.ion. William I. of Sicily. 1120 lltii;. 'i'hr r..i.l. William II. of Sicily. 1 1:.2 1 \s\\. 'I'll.' (;mo,i. Williams, John. I."..s2 \i.r.n. Tlif Slalcsinan-I'.isii..)!. Wlllitims. John. !i:il ITJ'". Thf! l;r(l('( int-ii ('a|ilivo. Williams, Jolm. -isis. 'i'l.ny l'a--i|iiin. Willis, Browne. liW2 17iK). Old Wrinkl.'-r.cHiis. Willis. Jolm. UiU; lT<1 17i;."i. Tlu- Il..ary P.anl ui' Ni-hi. Younpr, Miss, i'iil. Mi:s. (' \ mim.h.i,. YounK-, Rov. William. -IT.'iT. I'ai--iiii Alir.ihain .\dain--. 'yAKARIJA IBN MUHAMMED. I'JiXV-lL'SS. /j The IMiliv (.f tlir East. Zenobla of Palmyra. 1"1. third ciutury. The (Jurrii ..f thr East. ZIN 482 ZWI Zinzendorf, Nicholas Louis, Count. 1700-1760. The Moses of Our Age. Zisca, John. 13(30-1424. The One-Eyed. Zoffani, John. 1723-1810. The Dutch Hogarth. Zoroaster. Fl. 2500 B.C. The Bactrian Sage. Zuccalmagllo-Waldtartihl, Wilhelm von. 1805-1860. Gottschalk Wedel. Zwingli, Ulrich. 1484-1531. The Martin Luther of Switzerland. THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. Series 9482 UC SOUTHERN RGKDNAL LBRARV FAOLITV IflllOMlflllll A 001 081 509