13fc6C4 Extra Series, VI. €\jt Commit of % IjdffettH^r^ "^m^n^. •, ■ \ 1 t^ A RE-EL)TTED FROM THE UNIQUE MANUSCEIPT IN -TH^^ BRITISH MUSEUM, WITH A PREFACE, NOTES, AND GLOSSARIAL INDEX, BY HENRY H. GIBBS, ESQ., M.A. OP HXHTER COLLEGB, OXFORP. k This book is DUE on the last date stamped below Si'.j)lr))ihcr 1897. For this year the Original-Series Texts were issued in 1804, and those lor 1898 in 1896. The first for 1899 is now ready. Tlie Extra-Series Texts tor ISOii and the liiVt for 1897 are also now ready. The texts of several other works are now printed. Mem- bers are askt to send their two- or three-years' subscriptions for both Series at once in advance. Tlie (Iriginal-Series Texts for 1896 are hotli dialectal : No. 106, Richard Misyn'.s— he was Prior of Lincoln— englishings in 1434 and 1435 of Kiehard Kolle of Hampole's Jnre of Lore and Mending of Life, edited by the Rev. Rt. Harvey, M. A., Headmaster of the Cork Grannnar School ; — tills Text, tho not in a pure dialect, is interesting for forms like mrif for serve &c.^-— and No. 107, T/ic English Conquest of Ireland, 1166-85, two parallel-texts of about 1425 and 1440, of which the earlier has now azid then dyng, tynge, for thing, kc, edited by l)i\ Furniva'I. The Extra-Series Texts for 1896 are from ca.sts of books first i-ssued by other bodies, — LXIX, Lydgate's Assciiihhj of Gods, edited by Dr. Oscar L. Triggs for the University' of Chicago; and LXX, The Digby Plays, edited by Dr. Furnivall for the New Shakspere So- ciety. As both these works form nece.ssary parts of the E. E. T. Soc.'s Lydgate and Old- Play Series, and the Society was allowed to have ca.sts of them for the cost of the plates, it took advantage of the opportunity to save money for other MS. texts. For 1897, the Original- Series Texts are. No. 108, Child-Marriages and -Divorces, Troth- plights, Adulteries, Ajfiliations, Libels, JVills, Miscellanea, Clandestine Marriages, Deposi- •' =< hi Trials in the P>ishop's Court, Chester, a.d. 1561-6, with Entries from the Chester • rs' Books, 1558-1600, ed. Dr. F. J. Furnivall, ^a most curious volume, full of the social ■f its time ; — and Part II ot the Pryiner or Lay-Folks' Prayer-book, edited by Mr. Henry J.ittlchales, with a Paper by Mr. Bishop on the Origin and Growth of the Prymer. For 1897, the Extra-Series Texts are LXXI, The Toivneley Plays, re-edited from the unique MS. by Mr. George England, with sidenotes and Introduction by Alfred W. Pollard, M..A. ; and LXXII, Hoccleve's Pegrment of Princes, .A..D. 1411-12, re-edited from the MSS. '•y Dr. Furnivall. The latter forms Part HI of Hoccleve's Works. Part II will be Hoccleve's Mi, lot- Poems If, from the Ashbuniham MS., edited by Mr. Israel GoUancz, M.A. ; and if it IS ready in 1897, it will be issued as LXXIIl for that year. The Original-Series T.xts for 1898 are Nos. 110, 111,— Part II, Sections 1 and 2, of Dr. T. Miller's Collations of Four MSS. of the Old-English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History. The Extra-Series Texts for 1898 will doubtless be the Second Part of the prose Romance ■ Melusine — Introduction, with ten facsimiles of the best woodblocks of the old foreign ack-letter editions, Glossary, &c., by A. K. Donald, B. A. ; and a new edition of the famous U'ly-English Dictionary (English and Latin), Provq^torium Parvulorum, from the Win- lesterMS., ab. 1440 a.d.: in this, the Editor, the Rev. A. L. Mayhew, M.A., will follow and print his MS. not only in its arrangement of nouns first, and verbs second, under every lotter of the Alphabet, but also in its giving of the fiexions of the words. The Society's eilitiou will thus be the first modern one that really represents its original, a point on which Jlr. ilayhew's insistance will meet with the sympathy of all our Members. Tlie Original-Series Texts for 1899 will be No. 112, Merlin, Part IV, Prof. W. E. Mead's iiniJijvs of the Legend of Merlin, with Glossary, &c., and No. 118, Queen Elizabeth's Eng- "is of Boethius de Consolationc, Plutarch's De Cu7-iositate, and part of Horace, Dc Arte :'; edited from the unique MS. (a jiortion in the Queen's own hand) in the Public Record . London, by the late Jliss C. Pemberton, with a Facsimile, and a note on the Queen's I i for long e. The first Ori-jinal-Series Text for 1900 will be No. 114, Jaculis Well, a ;r allegorical treatise on the cleansing and building-up of Man's Conscience, edited from iiique MS. in Salisbury Cathedral, by Dr. J. W, Brandeis. liC Extra-Series Texts for 1899 will jirobably be iliss Morrill's edition of the Speculum •ids in the Society's Guy-of- Warwick Series ; Mr. I. GoUancz's re-edition of two Alli- '.e Poems, Winner and Waster, &c., ab. 1360, just issued for the Roxburghe Club ; Dr. an Moore's re-edition of The Book of the Foundation of St. Bartholomew's Ilosidtal, .', from the unique iPS. ab. 1425, which gives an account of the Founder, Rahere, and liraculous cures wrought at the Hosjiital ; or The Craft of Nom.brynge, with other of irliest englislit Treatises on Arithmetic, edited by R. Steele, B.A., or Alexander Scott's •; 1568, from the unique Edinbiirgh MS., ed. A. K. Donald, B.A. .'-II urgent appeal is hereby made to Members to increase the list of Subscribers to the '■ 1 . Text Society. It is nothing less than a scandal that the Hellenic Society should have iiuariy 1000 members, while the Early English Text Society has only about 300 ! 1 The lirst i.suuc of the Glossary has been caiicehi^uid a reviscil one issued. .'U I HERN B^fKr^^ TY OF CALIFORNIA, LIBRARY, 'LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 4 Texts preparinri .- Orij. S. for 1901-2 ■ Exi. S. far 1 900 cj- 1901. Deguilleville. The Original-Series Texts for 1901 and 1902 will be chosen from books already at press : Tart IV (the last) of Prof. Skcat's edition of Aelfric's Metrical Liw^ of Saints ; Tart II of the Minor Poems of the Vernon MS., edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall ; Mr. Gollancz's re-edited Exelcr-Book — Anglo-Sa.xon Poems from tlic Tiniqiie MS. in Exeter Catheilial — Part 11 ; Dr. Bruce's Introduction to llic English Conquest of Ireland, Part II ; Dr. Furnivall's edition of the Liclijicld Gilds, which is all jiriutcd, and waits only for the Introduction, that Prof. E. C. K. Conner has kindly undertaken to write for the book. Miss Mary Bateson has at press George Ashby's Active I'ulicy of a Prince, kc, from the unique MS., A.I). 1463. Dr. G. Herzfeld's re-edition of the Anglo-Saxon Martyrology is all in type. Part II of Dr. Holthausen's Vices and Virtues needs only its Glossary. The Texts for the Extra Scries in 1900 and 1901 will be chosen from The Three Kings' So7is, Part II, the Introduction &c. by Dr. Leon Kellner ; Part 11 of The Chester Plai/s, re-edited from the MSS., with a full collation of the formerly missing Devonshire MS., by Mr. G. England and Dr. Matthews ; the Parallel-Text of the only two MSS. of the Owl and Nightingale, edited by Mr. G. F. H. Sykes (at press) ; Robert of Brunne's Ilaiullyng Synnc, edited by Dr. Furnivall ; Deguilleville's Pilgrimage of the lAfe of Man, three prose versions — two English, one French — edited by G. N. Currie, M.A. Mr. Steele has also in type, besides the earliest Treatise on Arithmetic, englisht from Johannes de Sacro Bosco, two prose englishings of the Sccreta Secretorum from ]\ISS. at Lambeth, the second of wliich is very rich in new words. A version by James Yonge in 1428, made for the Earl of Ormonde, has been copied from its Rawlinson ]\IS. at Oxford, and collated with the later Lauljctli ]\IS. All three versions differ widely. Some of these Texts will be ready in 1897. Members are therefore askt to send Advance Subscriptions for 1898, 1899 and 1900, in order that tlie 189S-1900 books may be issueil to tlicm as soon as the editions are fiuisht. The Society's experience has shown that Editors must be taken when they are in the linmonr for work. All real Students and furtherers of the Society's purpose will be ready to push-on the issue of Texts. Tliose Meml;ers who care only a guinea a year (or can afford only that sum) for the history of our language and our nation's thought, will not be liurt by those who care more, getting their books in advance ; on the contrary, they will be benefited, as each suc- cessive year's work will then be ready for issue on New Year's Day. Members are askt to realise the fact that the Society has now 50 years' work on its Lists, — at its present rate of production, — and that there is from 100 to 200 more years' work to come after that. The year 2000 will not see fiuisht all the Texts that the Society ought to print, Mr. G. N. Currie is preparing an edition of the 15th and 16th century Prose Versions of Guillaume de Deguilleville's Pilgrimage of the Life of Man, with the Frencli prose version by Jean Gallo])es, from Lord Aldenham's ilS., Lord Aldenham having generously promi.st to pay the extra cost of printing the French text, and engraving one or two of the illumin- ations in his MS. Guillaume de Deguilleville, monk of the Cistercian abbey of Chaalis, in tlie diocese of Senlis, wrote his first verse Pelerinaige de I'Hommc in 1330-1 when lie was 36.^ Twenty-five (or six) years after, in 1355, he revised his poem, and issued a second version of it, and this is the only one tliat has been printed. Of the jirose representative of the first version, 1330-1, a prose Englishing, about 1430 A.n., was edited by Mr. Aldis Wright for the Roxburghe Club in 1869, from MS. Ff. 5. 30 in the Cambridge University Library. Other co])ies of this prose English are in the Muntcrian IMuseum, Glasgow, Q. 2. 25 ; Univ. Coll. and Corpus Christi, Oxford''' ; and the Laud Collection in the Bodleian, no. 740. A copy in the Northern dialect is MS. G. 21, in St. John's Coll., Cambridge, and tins is the MS. wliich will be edited by Mr. Sidney J. Heirtagp for tlie E. E. Text Society. The Laud MS. 740 was somewhat condenst and modernised, in the 17th century, into MS. Ff. 6. 30, in the Cambridge University Li- br.ary:^ "The Pilgrime or the Pilgrimage of Man in this World," copied by Will. Baspoole, whose copy "was verbatim written by Walter Parker, 1645, and from thenco transcribed by _G. G. 1649 ; and from thence by W. A. 1655." This last (•o])y may have been read by, or its story reported to, Bunyan, and may have l)eon tlie groundwork of his Pilgrim's Progress. It will be edited by Mr. Currie for "the E. E. T. Soc, its text running under the earlier English, as in I^Ir. Ilerrtage's edition of the Gcsta Pomanorum for the Society. In FebruaiSr 1464,-' Jean Gallopes— a clerk of Angers, afterwards chaplain to John, Duke of Bedfor( Regent of France — turned Deguilleville's first verse Pelerinaige into a prose Pilerinagcde la v_ hamainc.^ By the kindness of Lord Aldenham, as above mentiond, Gallopes's Frencli text will be printed opposite the early prose northern Englishing in the Society's edition. 1 lie w.-is Lorn about 1205. See AbW Golijet's Biblinthcquefran^aiM, Vol. IX, p. 73-4. - Thfso :{ M.-iS. Ii:iyo Hot yet been colLated, but .ire believed to be all of the same versi( -P. M. „ . , ,. . - — , ...^ «. version, •» Anotlier M.S. is in the I'epvs l.ibr.iry. « According to Mr. Ily. IfiickK Gibbs'h MS. » These were printed iu France, late in the 15th or early in the 10th century. Anglo-Saxon Psalters. More Money wanted. Saints' Lives. 5 TheSccoiidYcrsionotBegmlUvillG'sPdcrinaifjcdel'IIoinmc, a.d. 1355 or -6 wasciiclislit in verse by Lydgate in 1426. Of Lydgate's poem, the larger part is iu the CottciTMS Vitelhus C. xiu (leaves 2-308). This MS. leaves out Chaucer's englishiug of Deguillevilie's ABCov Prayer to ike Fin/in, of which the successive stanzas start with A, B, C and run all thro' the alphabet ; and it has 2 gaps, of whicli most of the second can be fild up from the end of the other imperfect MS. Cotton, Tiberius A vii. The rest of the stopc'ajis must be c^ot from the original French in Harleian 4399,^ and Additional 22,937^ and 25,5943 in the British Museum. Lydgate's version will be edited in due course for the Society.' Besides his first Pclcrinaigc de Vhommc in its two versions, Deguillcville wrote a second «' de I'ame separee du corps," and a third, " de nostre seigneur lesus. " Of the second, a prose Englishing of 1413, The Pilgrimage of the Soivlc (perhaps in part by Lydgate), exists in the Egerton MS. Qlb,* at Hatfield, Cambridge (Univ. Kk. 1. 7, Cains), O.xford (Univ. Coll and Corpus), and in Caxton's edition of 1483. This version has ' somewhat of addicions ' as Caxton says, and some shortenings too, as the maker of both, the first translator, tells us in the MSS Caxton leaves out the earlier englisher's interesting Ejiilog in the Egerton MS. This prose eughshmg of the Soiolc will be edited for the Society after that of the Man is finisht and will have Gallopes's French opposite it, from Eord Aldenham's MS., as his gift to the' Society Of the Pilgrimage of Jesus, no englishing is known. As to the MS. Anglo-Saxon Psalters, Dr. Hy. Sweet has edited the oldest MS the Vespasian, m his Oldest English Texts for the Society, and Mr. Harsley has edited the latest, c. 1150, Eadwinc's Canterbury Psalter. The other MSS., except the Paris one, bein>^ interlinear versions,— some of the Roman-Latin redaction, and some of the Gallieanj-^Prof" Logeman has prepared for press, a Parallel-Text edition of the first twelve Psalms, to start the complete work. He will do his best to get the Paris Psalter— tho' it is not an intei'linear one— into this collective edition ; but the additional matter, especially in the Verse-Psalms is very difficult to manage. If the Paris text cannot he parallelised, it will form a separate volume. The Early English Psalters are all independent versions, and will follow separately iu due course. Through the good offices of the Examiners, some of the books for the Early-English Ex- aminations of the University of London will be chosen from the Society's publica?ions, the Committee having undertaken to supply such books to students at a large reduction in p'rice. The profits from these sales, after the payment of costs arising out of the issuing of such Texts to Students, will be applied to the Society's Reprints. Five of its 1866 Texts,°and one of its 1867 (now at press), still need reproducing. Donations for this purpose will be welcome They should be paid to the Hon. Sec, Mr. "W, A. Dalziel, 67 Victoria Rd., Finsbury Park" London, N". ' Members are reminded that /rcs/t Subscribers are alivays icantcd, and that the Committee can at any time, on short notice, send to press an additional Thousand Pounds' worth of work. The Subscribers to the Original Series must be prepared for the issue of the whole of tho Early English Lives of Saints, sooner or later. The Society cannot leave out any of them even though some are dull. The Sinners would doubtless be much more interesting. But iii many Saints' Lives will be found valuable incidental details of our forefathers' sowal state, and all are worthful for the history of our language. The Lives may be lookt on as the religious romances or story-books of their period. The Standard Collection of Saints' Lives in the Corpus and Ashmole MSS., the Harleian MS. 2277, &c. will repeat the Laud set, our No. 87, with additions, and in right order. (The foundation MS. (Laud 108) had to be printed first, to prevent quite unwieldy collations.) The Supplementary Lives from the Vernon and other MSS. will form one or two separate volumes. Besides the Saints' Lives, Trevisa's englishing of Bartholoma:us de Proprietatihus Picr%im the medifeval Cyclopedia of Science, &c., will be the Society's next big undertaking. Dr! R. von Fleischhacker will edit it. Prof. Napier of Oxford, wishing to have the wdiole of our MS. Anglo-Saxon in type, and accessible to students, will edit for the Society all the unprinted and other Anglo-Saxon Homilies which are not included in Thorpe's edition of j;ifric'sprose,5 Dr. Morris's of the Blickling Homilies, and Prof. Skeat's of ^Ifric's Metrical Homilies. Prof. Kolbing has also undertaken for the Society's Extra Series a Parallel-Text of all the six MSS. of the Ancrcn Riwlc, one of the most important foundation-document.i of 1 15th cent., containing only the Vic humaine. ■i 15th cent., containing all the 3 Pilgi-imagcs, the 3rd beu:;g Jesus Christ's. 3 14th cent., containing the Vie humaine and the 2nd Pilgrimage, de I'Aiiie': botli incomplete. ■* Ab. 1430, 106 leaves (leaf 1 of text wanting), with illuminations of nice little devils— red, gi'een tav^v mc. — and damnd souls, fires, angels &c. ' 5 Of these, Mr. Harsley is preparing a new edition, with collations of all the MSS. Many copies of Tliorpe's book, not issued by the iElfric Society, are still in stock. Of the Vercell Homilies, the Society has bought the copy made by Prof. G. Lattanr.i.- 6 The Oriii'tnal Serie,s of the " Earhj Eicjlish Ted Society." Early Ens^lish. Mr. Harvey, too, means to prepare an edition of the tliree WSS. of the Earliest Enyluih Metrical Psalter, one of wliich was edited by the late Mr. Stevenson for tlie Siirtees Society. Incase more Texts are ready at any time than can be paid for by the current year s in- come, tliey will be dated tlie ne.\t year, and issued in advance to such Members as will pay advance subscriptions. The 188*3-7 delay in fretting out Texts must not occur again, if it can possibly be avoided. Tlie Director has in hand for future volunteer Editors, copies of 2 or 3 MSS. Alembers of tlie Society will learn with pleasure that its example has been followed, not only by the Old French Text Society which has doue sucli admirable work under its founders Profs. Paul Meyer and Gaston Paris, but also by the Early Russian Text Society, wliicli was set on foot in 1877, and has since issued many excellent editions of old MS. Chroniides kc. Mfml)ers will also note with pleasure tlie annexation of large tracts of our Early English territorv by the important German contingent under General Zupitza, Colonel Kolhing, volun- t-iers Hausknecht, Eiiienkcl, Haenisch, Kaluza, Hnpe, Adam, Holtliausen, Scliick, Herzfeld, Brandeis, &c. Scandinavia has also sent us Prof. Krdmann ; Holland, Prof. H. Logemaii, wlio is now working in Belgium ; France, Prof. Paul Meyer — with Gaston Paris as adviser ; Italv, Prof. Lattanzi ; Hungary, Dr. von Fleischhacker ; while America is rei)resented by Prof. Child, Dr. Mary Noyes Colvin, Profs. Mead, Periin, MeClintock, Triggs, &c. The sym- pathy, the ready help, which the Society's work has cald forth from the Continent and the United States, have been among the jileasantest experiences of the Society's life, a real aid aiul cheer amid all troubles and discourageinents. All our Members are grateful for it, and recognise that the bond their work has woven between them and the lovers of language and antiquity across the seas is one of the most welcome results of the Society's etforts. ORIGINAL SERIES. Half the Publications for 1866 (13, 14, \h, 18, 22) are out of i)rint, but will be gradually reprinted. Subscribers who desire the issue for 1866 should send their guineas at once to the Hon. Secretary, in order tliat other Texts for 1866 may be sent to press. The Publications for 1864-1897 (one guinea each year, save those for 1866 nmv half out of i>rint, two guineas) arc : — 1. Early English Alliterative Poems, ab. 1360 A. D., eil. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. ICs. isr»4 2. Arthur, ah. 1440, eil. F. J. Funiivall, M.A. is. ?,. Lauder on the Dewtie of Kyngis, &c., I.'j'i6, eil. F. Hall, D.C.L. 4s. ,, 4. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, ab. l.'ifiO. cd. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. 10s. ,, ."■i. Hume's Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue, ab KJIV, od. II. B. Wlientley. 4.";. 1SR5 C. Lancelot of the Laik, nb. l.'jOO, ed. Rev. W. W. Hkoat. Ss ,, 7. Genesis & Exodus, nb. 12r)0, ed. Rt'V. Dr. R. Morris. 8s. ,, 5. Morte Arthure, (ib. IMO, ed. E. Rrock. 7.i. ,, 0. Thynne on Speght's ed. of Chaucer, a.d. 1.'>90, ed. Dr. G. Kingsley and Dr. F. .1. Funiivall. 10s. ,, 10. MerUn.ab. 1440, Piirtl., ed. H. B. WhcatU-y. 2s. fid. 11. Lyndesay's Monarche, &c., l.')52. Part I., cd. J. Small, M.A. 3s. ,, 12. Wright's Chaste Wife, ab. 14(!2, ed. F. J. Purnivall, M.A. Is. i:i, Seinte Marherete, 1200-13.'i0, ed. Rev. O. Cockayne : to be re-edited by Prof. Iltrford, M.A., Pli.D. lSfi6 14. Kyng Horn, Floris and Blancheflour, &c.,ed. Rev. .1. R. Lumby, B.D. ,, 1 ''. Political, Religious, and Love Poems, ed. F. J. Funiivall. ,, 10. The Book of QuinteEsaence, ab. 1400-70, ed. F. . I. Funiivall. l.f. [In print.) 17. Parallel Extracts from 45 MSS. of Piersthe Plowman, ed. Rev. W. AV. Skcat. Is. {In ■]wint.'\ is. Hali Meidenhad, ab. 1200, ed. Rev. O. Cockayne. . ,, r.i. Lyndesay's Monarche, &c., Part II., cd. J. Small, M.A. ;j.i. M. {Inprint.'^ 20. Hampole's English Prose Treatises, cd. Rev. G. Or. Perry. Is. [In print.'] •Jl. Merlin, Part H., cd. II. 13. Whuatlcy. 4.'!. [In vrint.] 22. Partenay or Lusignen, cd. Rev. W. W. Skent. 2.i. DanMichel'sAyenbiteof Inwyt, 1340, ed. Rev. Dr. R. ;Morri.s. 10s. fir?. [In print.'] 24. Hymns to the 'Virgin and Christ; the Parliament of Devils, &c., ab. 1430, cd. F. .1. VunuvtiU. [At Press. 186J 2'.. The Stacions of Rome, the Pilgrims' Sea-voyage, with Clene Maydenhod, cd. F. .1. Funiivall. Is. 20. Religious Pieces in Prose and Verse, from R. Tiiornton's .MS. (ab. 1440), cd. Rev. G. G. Perry. 2s. 27. Levins's Manipulus 'Vocabulorum, a ryming Dictionary, l.'i7(), cd. II. IJ. Wlicatlcy. 12s. 25. William's Vision of Piers the Plowman, l:!02 a.d. ; Text A, Part I., cd. Rev. W. W. Hkcat. C,s. •.'■.I. Old English Homilies (ab. 1220-30 A.I).). Parti. Editc.l by Rev. Dr. R. Morris. 7s. oil. Pierce the Ploughmans Crede, ed, licv. W. W. Skeat. 2s. The Original Series of the '' Earh/ English Text Saciet//." 7 ;,1. Myrc's Duties of a Parish Priest, in Verse, ah. M20 a.d., cd. E. Peneoek. 4s. IgyS 3-2. Early EngUsh Meals and Manners : the Boke of Norture of John Russell, the Sokes of Keruyn-e Curtasye, and Demeanor, the Babees Book, Urbanitatis, &c., ed. F. J. Furnivall. 12s. " ' 33. The Knight de la Tour Landry, ab. 1440 A. D. A Book for Daughters, ed. T. Wright M. A. Ss " 34. Old English Homilies (before 1300 A.D.). Part II., cd. II. Morris, LL.D. Ss. " ' ' ' ' " 35. Lyndesay's Works, Part III. : The Historie and Testament of SquyerMcldrurn,ed P Hall 2.5 3fi. MerUn, Part III. Ed. H. B. Wheatley. On Arthurian Localities, by J. S. Stuart Glennie." I2V 1k69 37. Sir David Lyndesay's Works, Part IV., Ane Satyre of the Three Estaits. Ed. F. Hall, D C L 4s 38. William's Vision of Piers the Plowman, Part II. Text B. Ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, iM.A. 10s ()(/ ' 39. Alliterative Romance of the Destruction of Troy. Ed. D. Donaldson & G. A. Pantdn. "pt I ' 10s M 40. English Gilds, their Statutes and Customs, 1389 a.d. Edit. Toulniin Smith and Lucy T Sii'iith' " with an Essay on Gilds and Trades-Unions, by Dr. L. Brentano. 21s. ' ' 1S70 41. William Lauder's Minor Poems. Ed. P. J. Furnivall. 3s. 42. Bernardus De Cura Rei FamuUaris, Early Scottish Prophecies, &c. Ed. J. R. Lumby, M.A. 2s. 43. Ratis Raving, and other Moral and Religious Pieces. Ed. J. R. Lumby, M.A. 3s. ' ' ' ' " 44. The AlUterative Romance of Joseph of Arimathie, or The Holy Grail: from the Vernon MS.- " with W. deWorde's and Pynson's Lives of Joseph : ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 5s. ' ]S71 45. King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care, edited from 2 MSS., with an Englishtranslation,by Henry Sweet, Esq., B.A., Balliol College, Oxford. Parti. 10s. 46. Legends of the Holy Rood, Symbols of the Passion and Cross Poems, ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. 10s. " 47. 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(garig ©nglrs^ Zi (Srtra Strits. 1868. txi ^flchtg. BERLIN: ASHER & CO., 13, UNTER DEN LINDEN. NEW YORK: C. SCRIBNER & CO.: LEYPOLDT k HOLT. PHILADELPHIA : J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. -J Jl of t^e ^foit^kr^ gissigti^^ RE-EDITED FROM THE UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, WITH A PREFACE, NOTES, AND GLOSSARIAL INDEX, BY HENRY H. GIBBS, ESQ., M.A., OV BXXTEB COLLBGB, OZFOBD. LONDON : PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY By KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING-CROSS ROAD, W.C. MDCCCLXVIir. [Reprinted 1898.] 49423 €xUx Stt'us, VI. R. CLAV tl SO.SS, LIMITKD, LONDON 4 BUNOAY. PREFACE. This short alliterative poem has abeady been edited by Mr Utter- son, and presented by him in 1820 to the members of the Eoxburghe ^ Club ; but as the few copies then printed are very rare, and as the J- work is a curious specimen of unrimed alliterative poetry of a com- " , paratively late date, it has been thought worth while that it should ^ be edited again for the Extra Series of the Early English Text Society. I A mere reprint of the former edition would not have been desir- able, both because there are several mistranscriptions, and because the glossary appended to that edition is excessively meagre, and in ^ some cases erroneous : but so much advance has been made since the ^ date of that publication in the knowledge of our ancient tongue, that however much this edition may leave to be desired, there will be no great difficulty in correcting the errors of the former one. Wherever the new transcript differed from the Eoxburghe edition, I have with especial care compared it with the manuscript, ^ so as to satisfy myself of the correctness of the new reading. "^ The poem consists of 370 lines ; and is contained, with other pieces, in Caligula A. 2 of the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. It professes to be taken from some other book (in the 7th line and elsewhere the author uses the expression, ' as pe book tellethe '), and *J appears to be an epitome of the first 1083 lines of the French poem, C or rather 'lay '.(in the sense in Avhich Scott uses the word), which ^ forms part of the volume marked 15 E. vj in the Eoyal Collection . in the same library. This French Manuscript contains many beautiful illuminations of excellent workmanship, two of which adorn the head of the first page (fo. 320) of the ' Chevalier au Signe.' The left-hand picture represents Queen Bietrix (as she is there called) sitting up in bed and looking very unhappy, while ' Matebrune' is carrying away a cot (nearly as big as the Queen's bed) with the seven children in it, clad four in green and three in purple, placed alternately. The right-hand picture represents the Knight ' Helyas,' armed, and in his ship alone ; the U PREFACE. Swan, ' ducally gorged, Or,' as a herald would say, sailing proudly before him. This pictm-e is very like one of the compartments of the Ivory Casket, to which I shall presently refer. Meanwhile, as this French chanson — so its author frequently calls it ' — appears to be the original from whence our English author drew his poem, I will give an outline of the longer history told in its 6000 lines, comparing it from time to time with the very entertaining English Prose Eomauce, printed by Copland early in the 16th cen- tury, and edited in 1858 by Mr Thoms. THE STORY OF THE KNIGHT OF THE SWAN. Briefly told it is as follows : Beatrix, Queen of King Oryens of Lilefort, after some years of childlessness, conceived seven children at one burden (as a punish- ment for disbelieving the possibility of twins being begotten by one man) ; and when she is brought to bed, in her husband's absence, his motlier substitutes seven puppies for the seven children, whom she consigns to Marques, or Marcon, a serf of hers, with orders for their murder : when the King returns she shows him the whelps as the Queen's offspring, and demands her death ; but the King only allows her to be imprisoned. The children (who were miraculously born with silver chains about their necks) are of course not slain, but fed by a hind in the forest, and tended by a hermit in his cell. They are unfortunately seen by the Forester ]\Iauquarre, or Mal- quarrez, who tells the Queen ; and by her desire he goes back to kill them and take away tlieir chains. One, however, who is the hero of the tale, has gone out with the hermit to get food for the others ; so that the forester finds only six of the children, and deprives them of their chains, upon which they are transformed into swans. ' Tlie pcem Ijogins ' Ktcoiifez sciffncur,yable ; ' and every now and tlien tlie minstrel addresses his hearers to call their atten- tion to his song. Thus when Elyas first comes to Nlmaye, the next sentence begins ' Sfignenrs oe: chanron qin moult fait alocr.' After the hattle with the friends of the prevost, comes, ' Scignetirs or cscoutez chanron dc grant ha^xon- a'xge ; ' and again, 'Seigneurs or cscovtez bonne chancoji ; ' and 'Seigneurs oez ehancon de bonne enluminee ; ' and 'Seigneurs oijez chancon qui est tray' PREFACE. iij The old Queen questions Marcou, and revenges herself on him by putting out his eyes. When the Queen has been 11 years in prison, Matebrune prevails on the King to condemn her to be burnt ; and the day is fixed ac- cordingly, and she is led to the stake. Meanwhile an angel appears to the hermit and orders that the child should go to the city, be christened Helyas, and fight for his mother. He does so, meets the procession, accosts the King, obtains his consent to the battle, borrows from him horse and armour, slays Mauquarre, who is the champion on behalf of the accuser, and frees his mother, Matebrune flees to a castle ; Helyas prays to God, who restores Marques's sight. He tells his story to his newly-found father and mother, and all the court go to the Avater where the swans are swim- ming, and, their chains being restored to them, they resume their human form ; all but one, who remains a swan. Up to this time, as will be seen, the English poem faithfully ac- companies the French one, excepting that as the poet means to make an end here, he summarily burns Matabryne, and says that the 6th brother continued always a swan for lack of his chain. JNIoreover he makes no mention of the miracle of healing done on Marcus. The French story proceeds with the abdication of King Oriant (on the plea that he has now lived a long time — plus que c. ans — ) in favour of Helyas ; with the siege of Matebrune's castle, the death of her champion Hendrys by the hand of Helyas ; her capture, confession, And burning ; whereafter ' Lame emporterent dyables ; ce fut la destinee.^ The angel then appears to King Helyas and bids him leave his father and mother, and seek adventures under the guidance of his brother the swan, who Avaits for him with ' ung hateV He abdicates, and leaves the kingdom to Orions, and divers governments to his other brothers. From this differs the English Prose Romance of the Knight of the Swan, which makes no mention of King Oryens' great age, but makes iv PREFACE. King Helyas surrender the kingdom again into his hands. Neither does he mention Helyas's departure at the bidding of the angel ; hut makes the swan-brother summon him by ' raervaylous cries,' to come into the boat which he has brought, and wliich he guides, without further adventure, to the city of Nimaye. But iu the French story he arrives soon at a city of Saracens, who assault him and his swan ; — ^but he is rescued by 30 gallej^s under the guidance of Saint George {qui fut hon cYievaUev) ; and the four winds also helped, raising a storm and drowning the Saracens. It then tells how Elyas went on alone in his boat, with the swan, till they came to a castle, called Sauvage, whose master was Agolant,. brother of Matebrune ; how their provisions being exhausted, they sought help at the castle ; how Agolant received him well, but, after hearing his story, seizes, imprisons, and promises to burn him eight days thereafter. But a page escapes and goes to Lilefort to King Orions, Avho goe.«» with a great force to succour his brother. The men arrive when Helyas is already bound at the stake, and Agolant and all his men have to go out to repel them ; — a friendly hand releases Helyas, who joins his brother's men, and slays Agolant. Oryons goes back to Lilefort, and Helyas, summoning his brother the swan, pursues his way to Nimaye. There, in a tournament, he slays an Earl [of Francboiirck, says Copland], who, in a false plea before the Emperor Otho, is trying to deprive [Clarysse] Duchess DabuUon [of Bouillon] of her lands ; and wins for himself the lands of Ardennes [of Dardaigne, in Copland] belonging to the Earl ; and also gets to wife Beatrice, the fair daughter and lieiress of the Duchess, by whom he has a daughter Idein or Ydain, who in time becomes the mother of Godfrey of Bouillon. He leaves Nimaye and goes to his duchy of Bouillon, conquering in the way Assehn le prevost and many partisans of the deceased Earl, who had laid an ambush for him. Many perilous adventures then biefell him in Bouillon, wliich are recounted at considerable length ; and afterwards the story tells how that, his wife having disobeyed his commandment which he laid upon her, not to inquire concerning his kith and kin, he departs from her. PUEFACB. V aud rides away to Kimaye, to take leave of the Emperor, and bespeak his protection for his wife, daughter, and lands. Thence, amidst great lamentation of the Emperor and all his barons, he departs in his boat Avith his brother the swan, and no more is known of him. Oncq ne sceurent quelle part y fit tournes. Then it passes on to tell of Godfrey Earl of Bouillon, his birth and deeds. How with the leave of the Emperor, Eustace Earl of ' Boulogne sur mer salee ' Avent a courting to Ydain ' a la fresce coulour^ (daughter of Helyas), then aged 13 years; how he married her ; and how in the three years following she had three fair sons, Godfrey, Baldwin, and Eustace ; and how that the eldest after many noble deeds went to Palestine, and took the Holy City. The poem ends with the assault and capture of Jerusalem and the croAvning of Godfrey as its King. The English Prose Romance takes up the story of Helyas Avhere the Erench Poem leaves him, and tells how he arrived at Lilefort and is Avelcomed by his father and mother after his viij years' absence. The Queen, it tells us, had a dream, in Avhich she dreams that if they get the tAvo cups Avhich bad been made of the 6th son's chain, and lay them on two altars, and set the swan on a bed betAvixt the altars, and cause tAvo masses to be said by devout priests Avho shall consecrate in the tAVo chalices, the SAvau shall return to his OAvn form : and ' Kyght so,' says Copland, ' as the priests consacred the body of our Lorde at the masse, the SAvanne retourned into his propre fourme and was a man,' and he Avas baptized, and named Emery. ' The Avhiche sith Avas a noble knight.' ' And thus,' he says, ' the noble king Oriant and the good queene Beatrice linabli recovered all their children by the grace of God, wherfore fro than forthon they lived holyly and devoutly in our Lorde.' IsToAv King Oriant had ' made a Religion ' at the hermitage where his son Helyas had been brought up ; and thither, after recounting his adventures, the good Knight of the SAvan betook himself, with a simple staff in his hand, and made himself a ' Religious.' And close to the convent he caused to be built a castle like to Vi PREFACE. that of Boxiillon, and he called it Bouillon, and the forest* that was about it he called Dardayne, after the land that he had won from the Earl. The English story here goes on to tell of the marriage of Eustace, Earl of Boulogne and Ydain daughter of Helyas, and of the birth of her sons Godfrey, Baldwin, and Eustace ; and liow that her mother, the Duchess of Bouillon, lamenting for the loss of her husband Helyas, sent messengers all over the world to find him ; and how that Ponce, one of these messengers, went to Jerusalem, and meeting there the Abbot Girarde of Saincteron, which is nigh to Bouillon, they de- termined as fellow-countrymen to return together. How they lose their way, and come to the castle of Bouillon le restaure, and arc struck by the likeness to their own Bouillon ; how they inquire of the Curate, and hear who it was who built the castle and named the forest. And how that they make tliemselves known to Emery and Helyas, and also to the King and Queen, who had come to live at the castle, and how they returned to their country, bearing a token from Helyas to his wife. Then it tells how the Duchess and the Countess Ydain, whose sons were by this time adolescent, set forth to see their husband and father Helyas, and how they found him lying sick unto death, and how shortly thereafter ' he desceased in our lorde Jesu Chryst.' How the ladies returned to Bouillon, and how the three noble brethren prepared themselves by a knightly education for the day when it should please God to give the kingdom of Jerusalem into the hands of Godfrey of Bouillon, the eldest born. ' And thus,' says Copland, ' endoth the life and myraculous hystory of the most noble and illustryous Helyas knight of the swanne, with the birth of the excellent knyght Godfrey of Boulyon, one of the nyne worthiest, and the last of the three crysten.' The English romance, printed by Copland, is in some parts much fuller even than the French poem, going more into detail as to the wooing of King Oryens, and the cause of the enmity of Matabryne ; but here and there the French 'chanson' has details which Cop- land's book does not give ; such as tlie troublous adventures of PREFACE. Vii Helyas in his journey between Lilefort and Niniaye, and the acts and prowess of Godfrey, and his conquest of his kingdom ; but as to the legendary hero of the story, the Knight of the Swan, the tale of his deeds until his retirement from the world is mainly the same, in the English prose and in the French verse. THE CASKET. This curious work, of which I have before made mention, is an ancient ivory one, of 1 4th-century workmanship, now belonging to Mr WilHam Gibbs of Tyntesfield, co. Somerset, and formerly to his wife's family, the Crawley-Boeveys, Baronets, of Flaxley Abbey, co. Glou- cester. It is 8 inches long, 5f deep, and 5^ inches high ; and in its thirty-six compartments it gives the history of the Knight of the Swan ; going no further than our poem, except that it depicts the capture of Matabryne's castle and the leave-taking and departure of Helyas. It is this last compartment that so nearly resembles the illumination at the head of the French poem. I now proceed to describe the carvings in the several compart- ments, which are all of them remarkable for their accurate detail of arms and costume, and some groups, especially in Xos. 23 and 24, very spirited in their execution. The top of the casket. 1. The King, Queen, and !Matabryne on the wall. Mother and Twins below. 2. The King and the Queen in bed. 3. The King discovers that the Queen is with child. 4. The Queen asleep in bed : Matabryne carries off the children. 5. Matabryne delivers the children to Marcus. 6. Matabryne drowns the bitch in a well. 7. Matabryne presents the whelps to the King, who wrings his hands. 8. Marcus exposes the children in the forest. 9. Malkedras (?) thrusts the Queen into prison. 10. The hermit finds the children. 11. A hind suckles them ; and Malkedras finds them. 12. Malkedras tells Matabryne. Yin PUEFACE The front of the casket. 13. Malkedras takes the chains from the children's necks. 14. They fly away as swans. 15. ^fatabryne praises and (.-aresses Malkedras. IG. ^Matabryne taunts the King, and gets leave to bum the Queen. 17. A soldier is leading the Queen to execution : she has fallen on her knees and is praying. See 1. 90, note. 18. The King is on his throne as if to see the burning. Mata- bryne and a man in armour behind him, coun.selling him. 19. The angel appears to the hermit and the child. 20. The hermit and the child set forth on tlieir way. 2Vie left side of the casket. 21. The King on his throne; the Queen presents the cldld as lier champion, and ^Matabryne ^Malkedras as hers. 22. Combat between Helyas and Malkedras. 23. Helyas having slain Malkedras, bears away his head. 24. Fliglit of :Matabryne. The hack of the casket. 25. Helyas presents tlie head of Malkedras to the King. 26. Keconciliation of King Oryens and Queen Beatrice. 27. The King and Queen embrace Helyas. 28. King Helyas with a kneeling figure before him. He seems to be giving something into his liand ; and perhaps it is a commission to a captain * to prepaire a lytic hoste,' as Copland has it. 29. His army march against Matabryne. 30. They prepare to assault 31. The castle and its defenders. 32. Capture of INfatabryne. TJie right side of the casket. 33. Helyas recounts his adventures to his father and mother. 34. The burning of !Matabryne. PREFACE. IX 35. The King and the Queen gazing 36. At Helyas departing in his ship alone, led by his brother the Swan. The letter from Mr Dallaway, and extract of a letter from Mr "Way in the note below, give the opinion of those antiquaries on the date and artistic value of this casket. ' 1 ' Mr Dallaway's respectful compliments to Sir Thomas Crawley, with the cabinet he has so long detained. He should have returned it with more satisfaction had he been able to discover the whole of the history represented, which is too complicated for him to unravel, ' Upon the upper compartment is evidently shown the well-kno\vn Legend of Isenbard, Earl of Altorf, and Irmentruda his wife, with her supernatural progeny. ' The two sons, who were preserved, were called Guelfo and Ghibelino, and their descendants were leaders of the factions by which the Italian States were distracted in the 12th centurj'. ' He is of opinion that the remainder of their legendary story is described around the sides of the cabinet, and is not without hopes that, when he can meet with a very scarce collection of German novels, entitled " Camerarii Horas SubcesivEe," it will furnish him with the whole of the detail. ' The armour and weapons of some of the figures are decidedly those of the 14th century, when elaborate carving was in verj"^ general use, and many Greek artists were encouraged ; which circumstance seems to establish the date of the specimen. ' The enclosed drawing Mr D. begs that Sir Thomas will accept, with many thanks, for the permission he has obtained to have it etched. He will take care that justice be done to it, and hopes that Sir T. will find room in his port- folio for some of the proof impressions. 'Jan. 5, 1793. * Sir Thomas Crawley.' ' WonJuiM Manor, « Relgate, Nov. 29, '60. ' Dear Sir Martin, ' Your kindness in permitting me to bring home your curious ivory casket has, as I anticipated, enabled me to ascertain the whole of the subjects represented upon it. After much fruitless research, and showing the casket to several learned friends, I have at length got the right clue, and all difficulty ceases. The subjects are all from one romance, kno^vn as the " Knight of the Swan," and not found in any of the abstracts of middle-age romances, by Ellis, Dunlop, or the Italian writer Ferrario. It has, however, "been published, but the volumes containing it are of very great rarity. ' I hope to send you an account of the romance, detailing the subjects as they occur on the casket I should almost suggest only to repair the broken por- tions of the metal bands as they exist, not to renew those which have been X PREFACE. ORIGIN OF THE ROMANCE. Little or nothing can be added, on this head, to what Mr_,Thonis has collected in his preface to the Knight of the Swan ; and what I here write is chiefly drawn from that sonrce. Mr Utterson quotes Mr F. Cohen (Sir Francis Palgrave) for the opinion tliat the earliest form in Avhich the story exists is in the Chronicle of Tongres, written by the Maitre de Guise, and incor- porated in great part into the Mer des Hystoires. There is also, he says, an Icelandic Saga of Helis, the Knight of the Swan, in which he is called a son of Julius Caesar ; and a similar legend is introduced into the German romance of Lohengrin, of which an edition was printed at Heidelberg as late as 1813. The story is still popular in Flanders, Avhere a Chap-book, entitled De Eidder Met de Zwaen, was of frequent occurrence early in this century. The immediate parent of the English prose romances on the sub- ject appears to be the French folio printed in 1504, and entitled La GENEALOGIE AVECQUES LES GESTES ET NOBLES FAITZ DARMES DU TBES PREUX ET RENOMME PRINCE GODEFFROY DE BoULION ET DB SES CHEUAiEREUX FRERES BaUDOUIN ET EuSTACE, YSSUS & DESCENDUS DE LA TRES NOBLE & ILLUSTRE LIGNEE DU VERTUEUX CHEVALIER AU CyNE. avecques aussi plusieurs autrbs croniques hystoires miraou- leuses; tant du bon Eoy Sainct Loys comme de plusieubs AULTRES PUISSANS & VERTUEUX ChEVALIERS. It was the first tliirty-eight chapters of this work that were pub- lished in an English form by Eobert Copland (which is the version edited by Mr Thoms) ; and Ames speaks of a translation published by Wynkyn de Worde, in 1512 ; but it is not now known to exist. lost It is to be considered that these metal bands are not original. Tht; ivory dates from about 1380 ; the metal work about 1550. ' Believe me, verj' sincerely yours, 'Albert Way.' * Sir Martin Crawley-Bocvey.' Mr Way says in another letter that photographs had been taken of the casket. These I have never seen, but a set has been prepared expressly for this edition. PREFACE. XI The tradition that the great Godfrey of Bouillon was descended from the Knight of the Swan, has always been a favourite one, and one of the most interesting stories in Otmar's Volksagen is founded on it. Nicolas de Ivlerc, in order to set right the common opinion in Flanders, Om dat van Brabant die Hertoghen Voormaels, dicke syn beloghen Alse dat sy quamen metten Swane [Forasmuch as the Dukes of Brabant have been heretofore much belied as that they came with a Swan], professes to tell the truth about it in his Brabandshe Yeesten, written in 1318; and Marlaent refers to the same belief in his Spiegel Historiael. On the other hand (through Godfrey, no doubt,) Robert Copland claims it as an honour for his patron, Edward Duke of Buckingham, that from the Knight of the Swan ' linially is dyscended my sayde Lorde.' As to the portentous birth, which is the basis of the story, similar tales have been not unfrequently told. Amongst others there is one in which the house of Guelph is said to take its name from a like incident. ' Irmentrudes, wife of Isenbard Earl of Altorfe, accused a woman of adultery for bringing forth three children at a birth ; adding with- al that she was Avorthy to be sown in a sack, and thrown into the sea ; and urged it very earnestly. It chanced in the year following, that she herself conceived, and in the absence of her husband, was delivered of twelve male children at one birth (though very little). But she, fearing the imputation and scandal she had formerly laid on the poor woman, and tlie law of like for like, caused her most trusty Avoman to make choice of one to be tendered to the father, and to drown all the residue in a neighbouring river. It fell out that the Earl Isenbard returning home, met this woman, demanding whither she Avent Avith her pail 1 Avho ansAvered, " to drown a feAV baggage Avhelps in the river." The Earl Avould see them ; and notwithstand- ing the Avoman's resistance, did so, and discovering the children, pressed her to tell the matter, Avhich she also did ; and he caused ■rii PREFACE. them all to be secretly nursed ; and, grown great, were brouglit home unto him, which he placed in an open hall Avitli the son wlioni his wife had brought up, and soon known to be brethren by their likeli- hood in every respect. The Countess confessed the whole matter (moved with the sting of conscience), and was forgiven. In remem- brance whereof, the illustrious race of the Welfes (whelps) got that name, and ever since hath kept it.' Westcote (whose words I transcribe, as his book is a privately printed one (1845) from his MS. c. 1600) quotes this story from one Camerarius (he says) of Xuremberg, as a companion to a story of the wife of a peasant of Chumleigh, co. Devon, who had seven children at a birth, and whose husband, for fear of having to maintain so many mouths, resolves to drown them, and declares to the Countess of Devon, who meets him while on his errand, that they are but whelps. She rescues them and provides for them. In French history we have a story somewhat analogous, in the efforts of the monks to separate Eobert Capet and his wife, by per- suading him that she had given birth to a monster. The after part of the story of our book is the old one told with many variations from the time of the Shepherd David until now, of extreme youth, with the aid of the grace of God, vanquishing in battle the evil-doer, though a man of war from his youth. THE VERSIFICATION OF THE POEM. Coming now to the versification of the poem : I have thought it useful to analyse it so as to ascertain how far the author has kept himself to the rules of alliterative verse, as collected by Mr Skeat in his Essay on the subject prefixed to the 3rd volume of the Percy Folio. The author seems to have contented himself Avith preserving generally the proper swing of his metre, the accentuated syllables marking it, in most cases, fairly well : but it often halts, the soft or unaccentuated syllables being awkwardly and too prodigallj' used, and the rime-letters very frequently falling on those sjdlables. In many couplets the alliteration is utterly irregular, and in 10 couplets' I can discover none at all. ' 21, 34, 106, 225, 232, 334-6, 343, 307. PREFACE. Xiii In 22 others^ he has satisfied himself with a feeble sprinkling of the same letter through the verse without any regard to the loud syllables ; as 60. at a chamber dore as she forth sowjte sometimes also supplementing the weakness of one alliteration by adding a second in the same couplet ; as 241. that sfyked stySe in her Bitestes • {^at wolde \>e qwene BRewne 287. A /.jnyjte Z;a\v^te Hyui by )3e Honde • & ladde Hym of pe route. The couplets in which there are but two rime-letters are very many; no less than 143^ out of the whole number of 370; and there are eight couplets^ with four rime-letters. The other variations from the established rule are : (a.) The occurrence of the chief letter on the second instead of the first loud syllable of the second line, which is found 64 times,* and of these 64, 29 (^) occur in couplets with but two rime-letters. (b.) The occurrence of two rime-letters in the second line of the couplet, and but one in the first, in 37 couplets.^ (c.) The absence of the chief letter in the second limb of the couplet occurs 20 times. ^ (d.) The rime-letters occur very often indeed upon unaccentuated or ' soft ' syllables ; so often, as to lead one to think that the author must have deemed his task fully done, if only there was any allitera- tion at all. The number is 72,® besides three in the next class. ' 1.3-4, 32, 49, 52, 60, 81, 96, 113, 132, 145, 158, 165, 185, 199, 210-1, 218, 272, 281-2, 351. 2 5, 6, 8, 10-1, 16, 24, 30-1, 40-1, 45-6, 54, 58, 63, 65, 75-6, 80, 82, 88, 90, 95, 99, 101, 103-5, 108, 110, 114-5, 120-1, 127-9, 137, 139, 142, 146, 149-50, 154-5, 160-2, 166-7, 172, 174, 181, 184, 189, 191-2, 195-6, 200-1, 208, 222, 227-9, 231, 240-1, 244, 247, 250-3, 256, 258, 264-5, 268-9, 271, 273, 280, 285-6, 290, 292, 294, 296, 299, 300, 302-6, 309, 314-6, 320-1, 323, 325, 327-8, 338, 353-4, 368-70. ' 2, 85, 42, 91, 152, 183, 239, 360. ■* 1, 4, 20, 25-6, 30, 42, 53, 69, 70, 112, 136, 156, 173, 179, 183, 202, 212, 217, 226, 236, 239, 248, 261, 295, 310, 313, 317, 319, 324, 329, 331, 334, 355, 359. O 22, 37-8, 48, 56, 64, 86, 123, 140, 144, 164, 177, 182, 187-8, 190, 194, 203, 205-6, 207, 214, 236, 238, 246, 254, 308, 312, 363. « 1, 12, 17, 23, 51, 78-9, 83-4, 107,119, 135, 138, 141, 151, 159, 169, 170, 175, 198, 209, 223, 233-5, 237, 243, 255, 291, 293, 326, 340-2, 350, 356-7. ' 19, 50, 59, 67, 125, 153, 157, 163, 215, 219, 257, 259, 277, 279, 289, 332, 346-7, 352, 364. * 2, 7, 23, 25-6, 28, 31, 35, 39, 40, 50-1, 66, 70, 73, 77, 79, 82, 102-3, 108-9, xiv PREFACE. {('.) Where the chief letter occurs iu the initial catch of the second couplet.' There are also ten couplets ^ with separate alliterations in each line, and Seven,^ iu wliirli there are no rime-letters in the first line. And the couplets that appear to conform strictly to the canon of alliteration which provides that there shall be three rime-letters in each couplet, viz. two (sub-letters) in the accentuated syllables of the tirst line or limb of it, and one (the chief letter) on the first accentu- ated syllable of the second line, are 48 in number ; * such as 92. Now Leve we }>is Lady • in Langonr & pyne 147. They SToden &\\e STylle • for sxere l^ey ne durste But of these -iS, the alliteration is not always perfect, w having to do duty Avith words ])eginning with Oo (1. 29) ; D being once used as a rimedetter to T (1. 27), and the G in gladness being once considered mute, so as to rime tlie word with ' lay in langour ' (1. 57). The former editor draws attention to the existence of some rime- endings in this poem, but they seem to me to be accidental rather than intentional. Mr Skeat enumerates them in his essay, and I set them down here, excepting those in lines 2G0-1, where he has been misled by the former editor's mistaking the long second r in marre, and reading it marye; and in 28, 29, where the editor has mistaken hue for lc7ie ; 12-13, where and iliera 31-32, were and tliere 158-159, swyde and leyde. This is not a rime at all. 166-167, faste and cade 198-199 \ ' ( swanaes and cJieynes. A very doubtful rime. 350-351,) IIG, 118, 120, 120-8, 141, 14:i, 1.-.2, i:)r,. l.'A IGl. lG8-!>, 175-0, 178, ISO, 180, I'.n', 19.-., 202, 204, 20it, 217, 220-1, 234-r,, 2.-)0, 2,j(;, 2G1-2, 2G7, 270, 274, 278, 280, 283-4, 287-8, 292, 294, 337, 341, 343, 347-8, 3.^7. ' 5',, 75, 9G. ^ 44, 72, 8r,, 111, 21 G, 249, 2GG, 275, 330, 3G5. '■' 117, 198, 245, 318, 34.5, .3.50, 3G2. ♦ 3, 9, 15, 18, 27, 29, 33, 3G, 39, 43, 47, 57, 61-2, 71, 74, 87, 89, 91-4, 97-8, 100, 124, 131, 133-4, 147-8, 171, 193, 197, 213, 260, 263, 276, 297-8, 301, 307, 311, 322, 339, 349, 360-1, 366. PREFACE. XV 237-238, we7'e and mysfare ; and I may add 359-60, made and hledde. But among these there are but three rimes which are at all per- fect ; and it may be observed that in the 370 lines (from 200 to 570) of William of Palerne, "which I have searched cursorily, there are as many : As, 210, ])at of home ne of hounde ' ne mizt he here sotcne 236-7, telle and iville 337-8, speche and ricJie 404, as euene as ani wi^t • schidd attely bi si-^t 490-1, tvise and uTjce 563-4, 7iewe aj\d shewe ; so the rimes must, I think, be considered as an inadvertence on the part of the poet, and not as an intended embellishment. CHARACTER OF THE MS. The manuscript is neatly written in a handwriting of about 1460 ; and seemingly with few, if any, errors. At first sight the letter Thorn appears to be used indiscriminately for Th, but I find that it is 7ieve7- used at the beginning of a line, and never at the end of a word, whether it be written, for example, se7'veth, or se7'vethe. The Th is used in proper names ; and the few other cases where it is found are, with one exception (thykke), where the sound occurs be- fore the vowel e. Thus Sythen, Murther, Ferther, Therefore, and Beetheth, are thus spelt whenever they are found ; and Thefe is only once spelt fefe. The 3 is constantly used, representing gh in the middle of words and y at the beginning. In most cases where we write er in our modern speech, and especially in word-endings, such as after, water, together, &c., the scribe uses a contraction representing ur, making the words aftur, watur, &c. "Where the double I is crossed (tt), a final e has been assumed. DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM. • The date of our poem in its present form appears to be the latter end of the 14th century ; and the dialect in which it is written is Midland, and probably East Midland, as will be seen by the following observations. The present indicativ^e plurals of regular verbs end everywhere in -en. There appears to be an exception to this in 1. 72, ' hem that it deservethe ;' but 'hem' may either be mis written for 'her;' or else perhaps it is used indeterminately, as ' they ' and ' them ' are sometimes used now-a-days. It is not West Midland ; for the 3rd sing, indie, almost uni- versally ends in -et?i, ; the only exceptions being 'Ij/Jtes' in 1. 134; 'wendes' in 11. 155 and 178 ; ' launces'' in 1. 323, and '■ former knes'' in 1. 362, though this last (see the note on the line) is a doubtful instance. Eobert of Brunne also uses this termination in -es ; but always, apparently, for the sake of the rime. The second person sing, indie, ends in-e*'^; excepting the Avord ^fyndes^ in 1. 305. 'Thou icere^ is used in lines 236-7. In many instances the e final is omitted in the past tense of weak verbs; as, delyvered, 155 and 178; graunted, 189 and 246. See also 11. 18, 24, 28, 39, 62, 91, 107, 108, 255, 275, 281, and 339. There are some terminations in -eth, used instead of -ed for the perfect participles of regular verbs. See 11. 78, 175, 200, 209, 310. The plurals of nouns end almost universally in -es ; the only ex- ceptions being lond-is, 1. 16, hjon-ys, 1. 214, and hell-y.% 1. 272 (which are perhaps only variations made by the copyist) ; dom-us, 1. 91 ; and chylderen, 11. 20 and 82. Fader is uninflected in the possessive case, 1. 203. The other genitives are in -es. Some nouns of time and measure are uninflected in the plural; as -^ere, 1. 89, 243 (we say now ' a two-//i?a/'-old colt '), and mijle, 1. 95 (we say now 'it is a tico-mile course'). Of the personal pronouns — I is always used, and not Ic. All people alike, king and peasant, Thou and Thee one another, without the distinction of rank, such as is shown in William of Palerne, by the use of Ye and You. In one instance, 1. 26, the King addresses the Queen as Ye. II ym is the objective singular, and Hem PREFACE. XVU (in one instance Ham, probably for j^am — a iSTorthern form) the plural : Them is never used. She is the 3rd. person fern, nominative, and Here or Her ob- jective, the latter being used 8 times in the poem, and the former 9. Hit and It are used about equally, the latter rather more fre- quently. They is always used in the plural. The possessive pronoun of the 3rd person feminine, is Her or Here. In the plural of all genders it is Here, and once Her. The negative form of the verb To Be is once used in Nere == ne were, 1. 3. The imperfect participles end always in -ynge. This is contrary to early Midland usage, and seems to show that the dialect here employed must have been spoken in the Southern part of the East Midland district, -inge being a Southern form, though it is used in another East Midland book, 'Body and Soul,' 1. 396 [brennynge], and by Eobert of Brunne ' Handlyng Synne ; ' and by Chaucer. But as the peculiarities of each dialect were no doubt always understood by the neighbours on the borders of the several districts, and by degrees became naturalized beyond their ancient limits ; so probably at the time Avhen the Cheualere Assigne was written, the Southern and Midland dialects at least were beginning to blend and form a common language. One peculiarity in this author's style is a strange mixing of past and present tenses ; i. e. in the same sentence he constantly, as does also Chaucer sometimes, uses the historical present, and the perfect. Thus in 1. 229, ' The chylde strylieth liym to, & tohe hym by ]>e brj'delle.' See also lines 63, 115-16, 151, 155, 173, 178, 190, 221, 267, 332, 341, 355, 361-2, and 365. Mr Morris writes, ' The Dialect in its x>^'^sent form is East Mid- land. But as we do not find [other] East Midland writers adopting alliterative measure in the 14th century, I am inclined to think that the original English text was written in the iN". or N".W. of England, and that the present copy is a mere modified transcript. This theory accounts for the es's in the 3rd person [sing.], which are XVni PREFACE. not required for the rime, ami may be forms belonging to the earlier copy, and unaltered by the later scribe.' I have to thank Mr Morris, Mr Skeat, and Mr Furnivall for tlieir kind suggestions during the progress of my work, and I must make also my acknowledgments to Mr Brock for his faultless transcript. Although, therefore, I suppose that, from their uncertain character, the dialect or grammatical peculiarities of this poem are not of any particular value in the history of the language, yet as it is at any rate a contribution to that history, and as I think that whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing thoroughly, I have made the Glossary as copious and accurate as I could. Besides, there is some spirit and vigour in the Poem itself; and I hope the reading of the little book may be as entertaining to the members of the Early English Text Society, as the editing of it has been to me. H. H. G. XIX POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE Cljtucitu §.ssiip[ne. In the foregoing Preface I have given a short account of the story told in the cycle of Lays, of which the " Chevalier Assigne " (Helyas) forms a part, and to which it gives a name, but it may be well that I should describe more precisely the component parts of the Cycle in question, and fix the place which it holds in the list of Rhapsodies commemorating the deeds of the ancient heroes of romance. These songs of the Troubadours — the Homers of the IMiddle Ages — were called Chansons de Geste (historic songs), and told of the exploits of Charlemagne and his mighty men, of "William of Orange (otherAvise called William with the Short N"ose), of the foui' sons of Aymon ; of Arthur and his knights ; of Jerusalem and its fortunes, and of the heroes Avho fought in the Crusades for its re- covery from the enemies of the Faith. The Lives or Acts of the various heroes commemorated form severally branches of the principal epic cycle under which they are ranged, whether of Charlemagne, of the Round Table, or of that with which we are here concerned, and which was called " the Cycle of the knight of the Swan," or else " the Cycle of Godfrey of Boulogne." Under this latter cycle are grouped five lays, properly belonging to it, forming what we may call a Godofrediad, since it is all, or almost all, written to Godfrey's glory, beginning with the miraculous birth of his ancestor Helyas, and ending with his crowning deed, the capture of Jerusalem. These five lays are, ^ XX POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. I. The Chanson d'Axtioche, tivatnig of the; Voyage of Peter the hermit, the entry of the Crusaders into Pak'stine, and the con- quest of Antioch. It is the earliest in point of composition, and appears to have been the germ and nucleus of the other members of the cycle, as Avell as a model for the songs of other Troubadours. From tlic'ir MTJtings we gather that it Avas current early in the 12th century. To the Chevalier William of Bechada, Avho wrote before 1137, to William, Count of Poitiers, and to Richard the pilgrim, himself prt'sent at the first Crusade, has the honour of its composition been attributed; but we know it only in the more modern form given to it by the Troubadour Graindor of Douai in 12G8. It was edited in 1848, by M. Paidin Paris. II. The Chanson de Jerusalem, describing the conquest of the Holy City, was founded on the lay of Eichard the pdgrini ; but has come down to us only in the revision of Graindor (published by M. Hippeau in 18G8), who in arranging anew this and the preceding Geste, incorporated with them III. The Lay of the Captives (Chef if. s), a work of a later period in the same century, but founded, so ]\r. Paulin Paris thinks, on a Chanson of William IX, Count of Poitiers, who returned to his country in 1102, one of the few survivors of a disastrous expedition to the East, of which he was the leader after the entry of the crusaders into Jerusalem. IV. The Lay of Helyas, Ixiing the story of the Knight of the Swan himself ; the beginning of which, as quoted beloAV, shows that this branch at least of the cycle was of later date than the cycle of Arthur. It appears to have been written about 1190. V. Les Enfances de Godeffroy, the earlier form of which seems to have been written by a nameless Troubadour in the first part of the 12th century; and the later version by one Eenaud or Eenax, in the later years of the same, or early in the succeeding, century. The French poem to which I referred in the Preface, as contained in the " Shi'ewsbury book" (Eoyal. 15 E vj in the British Museum), appears to be an amalgamation into one Chanson of all the five branches of this cycle. POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. XXI It differs very considerably from the version of the Chanson extant in the MSS. consulted by M. Paris, as is evident from a comparison of the British Museum MS. with the extracts given by him in the 22nd volume of the Histoire Litteraire de la France. Many lines are the same, many slightly altered, and many lines, and even long passages, are omitted in one and find a place in the other. These variations no doubt arise from the handing down the lays from bard to bard, by oral tradition in a great measure ; each singer drawing from his imagination to supply any lack in his memory ; and each probably, by dictation to some scribe, per- petuating his variations, whether of matter or dialect, in his own province or neighbourhood. Take, for example, the first five lines of the poem (after the two quoted on p. ii. in the note), Avhich in the Paris MS. stand as Teus i a qui vous cantent de la Eeonde Table, Des manteaux anjonles, de samis et de sable ; Mais jou ne vous voel dire ne mensonge ne fable. En escrist la fist la bone dame Orable Dedens les murs d'Orange la fort cite mirable ; and in the London MS. as Tel^ y a qui novis cliantent de la Eonde table, Des manteaulx angoles, de samin et de sable ; Mais je ne vous diray ne menco?ige ne flabe ; \sic\ Quer il est en ystoire, cest chose veritable, En escript le fist mettre la bonne dame orable. Again, the description of the birth of the children occupies but four lines in the MS. quoted by M. Paris : Au naistre des enfans set fees y avoit Qui les enfans faerent, si com lor avenroit Et quant I'uns des enfans apres I'autre nascoit Au col line caine de blanc argent avoit ; but the Shrewsbury book gives eight to them and Matabrune : Au naistre des enfans nulle femme ny avoit Eors une vielle dame qui cu Dieu pou creoit Mere estoit au ^eir/netiv, la royne fort hayoit, A amasser avoir tout son penser estoit. La dame se delivre a paine et a destroit ; L'un enfant a pres lautre si com dieu le vouUoit, XXU POSTSCRIPT TO TUE PREFACE. Si com I'un enfant a pres lautre naissoit, Au col line cliaine de lin argent avoit. The account of the sorrowful leavotaking of Helyas and his Beatrice is thus ended in the Paris and London MS. respectively — La plorent vavassor et prince et castelain, Oncques n'en ot a Elaives si grant duel por Audain, Quant fut luorte ile duel por son cousin gerniain. Lors pleurent prevost et chastelain, Dames et pucelle, noblej et vilain ; Plus de c se pasmerent sur le terrain. The name Helyas (in its various forms of Helias, Helius, Helis or Elis, Elias, and Sah'ius) is derived by ]\Ir Baring-Gould from the Keltic Ala, Eala, Ealadh, a Swan. See his " Curious ISIyths of the Middle Ages" (2nd Series, 18G8), which contains an interesting treatise on the Legend of the Knight of the Swan. In further illustration of my subject I Avill mention that the museum of the Maison de Cluny at Paris contains an ivory casket, the carvings on which represent a part of the story of our book. According to ^L Francisque Michel, its date is of the end of the 1 3th or beginning of the 14th century. It is not nearly so full in its details as the Tyntesfield casket, but is interesting as giving ad- ditional evidence of the popularity of the legend of the Chevalier AU Cygne. n. H. GiBBS. 2 Sept, 1870. ;. CHEUELERE .;. ASSIGNS .;. [Cofto7i MS. Caligula A. ii.,/o7. 125 &.] ^ Alle weldynge god • wlie?2ne it is liis "vvylle, God Almighty guards us, Wele he wereth his * werke -Kvith his owne honde : For ofte harmes were hente • pat helpe we ne iny3te ; Nere fe hyjnes of hym • pat lengeth in heuene. 4 For this I saye by a lorde • was lente in an yle, as we see by tiie story of King That was kalled lyor ' a londe by hym selfe. oryens, The kynge hette oryens • as Jje book tellethe ; And his qwene bewtrys • jjat bryjt Avas & shene : 8 and Beatrice ins IF His moder hyjte Matabryne • pat made moche sorwe ; mother For she sette her affye • in Sathanas of helle. Matabryne. This was chefe of pe kynde • of cheualere assygne ; And whe?zne pey sholde in-to a place • it seyth fulle wele where, 12 Sythen aftz/?* his lykynge • dwellede he pere, Withe his owne qwene • pat he loue my3te : But alle in langowr he laye • for lofe of here one, That he hadde no chylde • to cheue?me his londis ; 1 6 He had no ciuid % But to be lordeles of his • whe?zne he pe lyf lafte to succeed him, And pat honged in his herte • I heete pe for sothe. g^jef, ^^^ Line 5. See note on 1. 23. 11. ' This ' must mean ' this Kino;.' 6. lyor. In the French poem it is 12. I cannot make sense of this iiZe/V)?'^, and in Copland also. line. ' Sholde '^ should go, and 'it' 7 — 9. The King is called Oriant means the book. in the French version, and the Queen 18. honged in his herte = weighed B'letrix, and the King's mother Mate- upon his mind. hrune. THE QUEEN BEARS SEVEN AT A BIRTH. The King and the Queen, talk- ing on the wall, see beneath them a woman with her twins, whereat he weeps. The Queen says she disbelieves in twins. Each must have a father. The King re- bukes her. and at night begets on her reasonably many children. As fey -wente vp-on a walle • pleynge hem one, Botlie ]je kyiige & ]je qwene • hem selfen to-gedere : 20 The kynge loked a-downe • & by-helde vnder, And sey3 a pore wo??iman • at ]je jate Sytte, "Withe two chylderen her by-fore • were borne at a byrthe ; And lie twrned hym fenne • & teres lette he falle. 24 IT Sythen sykede he on-hy3e • & to J?e qwene sayde, ' Se 36 Jje ponder pore woniman • how ])at she is pyned Withe t-wynlenges two • & fat dare I my hedde wedde.' The qwene nykked liym with nay • & seyde ' it is not to leue : 28 Oon ma?nie for oon chylde • & two wy??imen for tweyne ; Or ellis hit were vnsemelye fynge • as me Avolde fenke, But eche chylde hadde a fader • how manye so J?er were.' The kynge rebukede here for her worjjes ryjte fere ; 32 II And whe?zne it drow^ towarde fe ny3te • fey wewten to bedde ; He gette on here fat same ny3te • resonabullye manye. The kynge was witty • whe?ine he wysste her with chylde, And fankede lowely our lorde * of his loue & his sonde. 36 10. walle. The French has ' ^o?/r.' 23. Chaucer frequently omits the relative, as is done here. 26. ' is pyned ' must mean ' has travailed,' or been in pain. 28. it is not to leue. The edition of 1820 has lene. In the French it is vovx parlrz de ncant. 29. This means, ' One man can be- Ret but one child, nor can one woman have more than one at a time by the same man. Two honestly -begotten children must needs have two mothers.' Twins were once thought to reflect on the mother's chastity. The French poem has Sa devx hommes tie sest livree cliar- nellement. 31. how manye so = howso[ever] many. 32. ry3te there = On the spot. 33 & 37. drow^ and drow3e. * The correct form is drom! — R. Morris. 34. He gette, &c. It is printed (fotte in the Roxb. ed., but the word is plainly gette in the MS. The French has Engendra le seigneur en la dame vaillatit vij enfaus celle nuit en iing engen- drement. MATABRYNE ORDERS MARCUS TO DROWN THEM. 3 But whe/me it drowse to jse tyme • she shulde be de- lyue?'ed, Tlier moste no wo??iman come her nere • but she jjat was cursed, His moder matabryne • pat cawsed moche sorowe ; For she thow^te to do ])at byrthe • to a fowle ende. 40 H Whe«ne god wolde pej were borne • penne brow3te she to honde Sex semelye so?znes • & a dowjter be seueneth, ^° "'''> »■'= ^°"^ ■' J ' and a daugliter, .;. MATABRYNE, .;. [Fol. 126.] AUe safe & alle sounde • & a seluer cheyne with silver chains Eche on of hem hadde • a-bowte his swete swyre. 44 And she lefte hem out • & leyde hem in a cowche ; And penne she sente aftw?- a man • pat markus Avas But Matabryne ,, ^ sends for her maa called, Marcus, That hadde seriied her-seluen • skylfuUy longe : He was trewe of liis feyth • & loth for to tryfuUe ; 48 IT She knewe hym for swych • & triste hym )je better; And seyde, ' po\i moste kepe counselle • & helpe Avhat poll may : The fyrste gry??ime watz/r • pat pou to comeste, 51 and bids him Looke pon caste hem f»er-In • & lete hym forthe slyppe : children. Sython seche to Jje courte • as pon now3te hadde sene, And pou. shalt lyke fulle wele • yf pon may lyfe aitiir.' 39. ' l^at cawsed moche sorowe.' 49. swych. Wrongly printed swyth These words, and ' the cursede man in in the Eoxb. ed. his feyth,' are, like the Homeric -KoSaq triste. Wrongly printed tristed, in uiKVi; and TToiniva Xawv, applied as a the same, moste ; the e is superfluous, sort of verse-tag to fill up the line, and 50. kepe counselle = be secret, serve as constant epithets respectively 52. hym for Ae7«.. to Matabryne and Malkedras. 53. seche = betake thyself. Corap. 40. do . . to a fowle ende. See 1. 138. Ezekiel xiv. 10, ' him that seeketh As in Shakespere, Much Ado about unto him.' Nothing, V. 3 : ' I)o>ie to death with 54. lyke full wele = be well-liking slanderous tongues.' = prosper. Comp. 'fat and well-lik- 45. lefte = lifted. ing,' Ps. xcii. 13; 'worse-liking,' Daniel 46. Markus, called Marques and 1. 10. ' I believe the original con- Marcon in the French poem. struction was, " And it shal like ]pe ful 49. knewe, should be lineiv ; the e wel " = and it shall please thee full is superfluous ; but it is so in the MS. well. See 1. 134.' — R. Morris. THE QUEEN' IS SAID TO HAVE BROUGHT FORTH WHELPS. Marcus grieves, but dares not disobey. She takes seven whelps. and shows 'em to the King as the Queen's offspring, and bids him have her burnt. He refuses. She vituperates. He says, ' Stow her where thou wilt, 80 that I 8ee it not.' Khe falls foul of the Queen, Wlienne he herde ])at tale • hym rewede pe tyme ; But he durste not Averne • what pe qwene wolde. 56 II The kynge lay in langour • sum gladdenes to here ; But fe fyrste tale fat he herde • were tydynges febulle, Whe/me his moder niatahryne • brow3te hym tydynge. At a chamber dore • as she forthe sow^te, 60 Seue?nie whelpes she sawe • sowkynge fe da?nmc, And she kaw^te out a knyfe * & kylled Jie bycche ; She caste her |je?ine in a pytte • & takethe fie welpes, And sythen come byfore Jje kynge • & vp on-hy3e she seyde, 64 H ' Sone paye ]5e •with fiy qAvene • & se of her berthe.' The?aie syketh fe kynge • & gynnythe to morne, And wente wele it were sothe • alle Jjc/t she seyde. The/me she seyde, ' lette bre?nie her a-none • for fat is fe beste.' 68 ' Dame, she is my wedded wyfe • fulle trewe as I wene, As I haue holde her er fis • our lorde so me helpe ! ' ' A, kowarde of k;yTide,' quod she • ' & combred wrecche ! Wolt J?ou werne wrake • to hem fat hit deseruethe 1 ' IF ' Dame, f anne take here f y selfe * & sette her wher fe lykethe, 73 So fat I se hit no3te • what may I seye elles ? ' Thewne she wente her forthe • fat god shalle confounde, To fat febulle fe?- she laye • & felly she bygy?methe, 76 And seyde, ' a-ryse wrecched qwene • & reste f e her no lengMr ; Thow hast by-gylethe my sone ■ it shalle fe werke sorowe : Bothe howndes & men • haue liadde f e a wylle : Thow ehalt to prisou?^ fyrste • i% be brente aftw?'.' 80 60. sowjte. See note on 1, 53. 64. come. The correct form is co7n. on-hyie = aloud. 68. lette brenne her = have her burnt. 72. deseruetb. As to this termina- tion in -eth, see Preface, p. xvi. 7"). See note on 1. 190. 78. by-gylethe. The final e is un- necessary ; but there is a contraction representing it in the MS. THE QUEEN IMPRISONED. THE CHILDREN ARE EXPOSED. 5 IF Tlie/ine shrykede pe ^onge qwene * & vp on liy3 and, in spite of , 1 her moans, cryethe, ' A, lady,' she seyde * ' where ar my lefe chylderen 1 ' AVhe?me she myssede hem )jer • grete mone she made. By pat come tytlye • tyrauntes tweyne, 84 And by Jje byddynge of matabryne • a-non fey her hente, And in a dy?«.me prysou?i • pey slongen here deepe, [Foi. 126 &.] And leyde a lokke on pe dore ' & leuen here jjere : 87 into prison, Mete pej caste here a-downe • & more god sendethe. eleven years!^ IF And ])us Jje lady lyuede peve • elleuen ^ere, And mony a fayre orysoii?i • vn-to pe fader made, That saued Susanne fro sorowefulle dom?is • [her] to But God, who . saved Susanna, Saue aiS. hears her prayer Is^ow leue we J)is lady in lango?e dynte of Jjy swerde • do hem to dethe ; and siay the And I shallc do Jie swych a tM^'iie • & ]jou fe tyte hy3e, That ))e shalle lyke ry3te wele • Ipe terme of py lyue.' 140 Thewne fe hatefulle thefe • hyed hym fulle faste, The cursede man in his feythe • come Jjer Jjey were. By Jjerene was fie hermyte go in-to Ipe wode • & on of He finds but six, _ one being away J>e children, with the herm'it. For to seke mete • for Jie other sex, 144 H Whyles pe cursed man * asseylde J)e other : And he out withe his swerde • & smote of fe cheynes. He smites off the chains; and the They stoden alle stylle • for stere fey ne durste ; children change And whe??ne j)e cheynes felle hem fro ' fiey flowen vp swa?mes 148 To fe ryuere by-syde * withe a rewfulle steuenne. And he takethe vp ])e cheynes • & to ])e cowrte twrnethe, And come by-fore Jje qwene • & here hem bytakethe : Thewne she toke hem in honde • & heelde ham fulle styUe; 152 IT She sente aftur a golde-smy3te • to forge here a cowpe ; 133. leue. Wrongly printed lene in of tbe MS. by the original scribe, the edition of 1820. 138. do. See note'on 1. 40. 135. The Eoxb. ed. omits pjitt, 140. See note on 1. 54. which has been added in the margin MATABRYXE HAS A CUP MADE OF THE SILVER. The old Queen ^ives the chains to a goldsmith to make a cup of. One chain mul- tiplies so in the melting-pot, that half of one suffices. The goldsmith tells his wife, and asks her counsel. She says, ' Keep the rest ! The Queen has full weiglit. What would she have more ? ' IFul. 127 b.] He gives the old Queen the cup and the half chain. And wlie»ne fe man was comeu • penne was ]je qwene blj'tlie, And delyueyed liym liis wey^tes • & he from cowrte Avendes : She badde Jje wesselle were made • vpofi alle wyse : 156 The goldesmyjth goothe & beetheth hym a fyre * & brekethe a cheyne, And it wexeth in hys honde • & multyplyethe swyde : He toke pat opur fyue • & fro pe fyer hem leyde, And made hollye pe cuppe • of haluendelle pe sixte. 160 IT And whe?me it drowje to pe iiy^te • he wendethe to bedde, And thus he seythe to his wyfe • in sawe as I telle. ' The olde qwene at pe courte • hathe me bytaken Six cheynes in honde • & wolde haue a cowpe ; 164 And I breke me a cheyne • & halfe leyde in J>e fyer, And it wexedde in my honde • & wellede so faste, That I toke pe opur fyve • & fro pe fyer caste, And haue made hollye pe cuppe • of halue?zdele Jje sixte.' 168 IF ' I rede fe,' qnod his wyfe • ' to holden hem stylle ; Hit is ])orowe pe werke of god • or Jjey be wronge wo?men ; For whenne here mesure is made • what may she aske more?' 171 And he dedde as she badde • & buskede hym at morwe ; He come by-fore pe qwene • & bytaketh here pe cowpe, And she toke it in honde • & kepte hit fuUe clene. ' Nowe lefte tlier ony onur vn-werkethe • by pe better trowthel' And he recheth her forth • haluendele a clieyne : 176 162. The conversation between the golilsmith and his wife is much longer and more dramatic in our i:ioein than in the French. 170. fjorowe. Wrongly printed Thowe in the Koxb. ed. 170. wronge won n en = wrongly (i. e. wrongfully) acquired. 176. recheth. Misprinted recli-eth. forth. Misprinted ferth in the Roxb. ed. THE QUEEN DOOMED TO DEATH. • g IT And she raw^te hit hym ajeyne • & seyde she ne she gives him rOWjte ■ the half chain ' ■' and his pay. But delyuered hym his seruyse • & he out of co^vrte "wendes. 'The curteynesse of criste,' qiwd she • 'be with fese oj)ur cheynes ! I79 They be delyuered out of ])is worlde • were jje moder eke, The?ine hadde I jjis londe • hollye to myne wylle : Kow alle wyles shalle fayle • but I here dethe werke.' At morn she come byfore fe kynge • & by gawne fulle she scolds the keene: ICO King for leading ' 100 his Queen so long ' Moche of fis worlde sowne • wondrethe on pe aftone, "°^"™'' IF That thy qwene is vnbrente • so meruelows longe, That hath serued pe dethe • if J?ou here dome wyste : Lette sommene py folke • vpon eche a syde, and bids him That fey bene at fy sy3te • fe .xj. day assygned.' 188 """"" "^^ ""^• And he here graimted pat • withe a gry??2me herte ; He grieves; but And she wendeth here ado^vn • & lette hem a-none ^^"^''*' warne. The nyjte byfore pe day • pat pe lady shulde bre/me, The night before An AngeUe come to >e hermyte • & askede if he slepte : "mesTn^ngei IT The angeUe seyde, ' criste sendeth Jje worde • of fese '°'^^^'''^^'- six chyldren; 193 And for Jje sauynge of hem • Jjanke pou haste seruethe : They Avere pe kynges Oriens " wytte poM for sothe, 179. 'Puis dist entre ses dens assez and 'hy:5e' in 1. 141, after the French iassetevient s'en alia. Comp. Shaksp. 2 Gent, of Blen suis de ceulx delU-rc alez Ver. IV. 4 : ' I . . goes me to the fel- sont voirement low.' The phrase in the text seems Se leur mere estoit arse ne me to make it more probable that this me chanldroit neant. is the personal, and not the indeter- And then,' she continues, 'by my en- minate pronoun, chantments I will cause that my son 194. f^anke ]po\i haste seruethe = never marries again, and so I shall thou hast deserved thanks. The final have all the land at my command.' e is too much. See note on 1. 78. 186. serued. In the Roxb. ed. this 195. They were the kynges Oriens = is erroneously printed dy served. They were [the children] of the King if thou here dome wyste = if thou Oriens. This expression is not unlike knewest what her sentence ought to be. that in Wm. of Palerne, 1. 5437 : Jjem- 190. wendeth here, 'wend 'is here perours moder Willmm. used reflexively as ' went ' is in 1. 75, 10 THE QUEEN S SOX SENT TO BE HER CHAMPION. Tells him that the six swan-children are sons of Oryens and Beatrice. But that Christ formed the other child to fight for his mother. ' How can this be?" 'Take him to Court and have him christened Enyas.' The hermit tells the child what he is to do, what a mother is, [Fol. 128.] By his Avyfe Betryce • she here hem at ones, 196 For a worde on pe walle • fat she wrongc seyde ; And 9onder in pe ryuer • swy?«men Jjey swannes ; Sythen Malkedras J)e forsworn ])efe • byrafte hem her cheynes : And criste hath formeth Jjis chylde • to fyjte for his model-.' 200 IF ' Oo-lyujTige god pat dwellest in heuene ' • quod pe hermyte panne, ' How sholde he seme for suche a fynge • pat nenur none syje 1 ' ' Go brjTige hjnn to his fader courte • & loke pat he be cristened ; 203 And kalle hym Enyas to name • for awjte pat may be-falle, Ey3te by pe mydday • to redresse his moder ; For goddes vrylle moste be fulfylde • & pou most forthe wende.' The heremj^e wakynge lay • & thow3te on his wordes : Soone whe?2ne Jje day come • to pe chylde he seyde, 208 IF ' Criste hath fbrmeth pe sone • to fy^te for J)y moder.' He asskede h.ymm Jianne ' what was a moder. 'A wo?nnian fat bare pe toman • so?2ne, &of her reredde:' ' 3e, kanste poM, fader, enforme me • how Jjat I shalle fy3ter 212 ' Ypon a hors,' seyde pe heremyte • 'as I haue herde seye.' 201. Oo. Wrongly printed To in the former edition. Oo-lyuynge = over- living. 202. ]>ynge. Wrongly printed ^nr/e in the former edition. 204. Enyas ; not JEnyas, as in the old edition. The French poem has Elijas or Helyas, which latter is the name given him in the English prose Homance. A line seems to be omitted between 204 and 205, such as ' Let hym cair to l^e court • ^er fje kynge dwellethe.' 210. The conversation between the hermit and the child is more full in the English than in the French poem. 211. A very cramped line. 'A woman that bare thea to man, [my] son ; and [thou wast] by her reared.' ' It means, " bare thee so that thou becamest a man." Such is the regular idiom ; [God] wrourt me to man = formed thee so that thou becamest a man, fashioned thee in man's shape; occurs in Piers Plowman, A. Pass. i. 1. 80.'— W, W. S. ' Beau filz cest une fem.me quen ses flans te portal HE MEETS THE PROCESSION, AND ACCOSTS THE KING. 11 ' What beste is pcd 1 ' quod pe chylde ■ ' lyonys wylde 1 and what a horse, 111" on which he is to Ur eiles -woae ] or y^atur • quod fe chylde )ja?m-e. fight. ' I sey^e nemcr none,' quod pe hermyte • ' but by pe mater of bokes : 216 IF They seyn he hath a feyre hedde • & fowre lymes hye ; And also he is a frely beeste • for-thy he man seruethe.' ' Go we forthe, fader,' quod be childe 'vpon goddes halfe !' '^^^ "•''•'i '^ willing, and they The grypte eylpur a staffe in here honde * & on here wey go forth on their way. straw3te. 220 Whewne fe heremyte hym lafte • an angellehym suwethe, The hermit 111 1 leaves the child, Kimr to rede pe chylde • vpon his ry3te sholder. and an angei goes The?^ne he seeth in a felde • folke gaderynge faste, counsels him. And a hy3 fyre was fer bette • J?at pe qwene sholde in gr^t crowd and bre??np 994. ^ ^^ ^^indled in a ' "^ field, ^ And noyse was in be cyte • felly lowde, and a §«»* tfoop ' bringing the With trumpes & tabers • whe??ne fey here vp token ; Queen from the The olde qwene at here bakke • betynge fulle faste ; " ^' The kynge come rydynge a-fore • a forlonge & more ; 228 The King rides The chylde stryketh hym to • & toke hym by pe brydelle : ' What man arte pon 1 ' quod pe chylde • ' & who is pat and who are , J.1 (5 J these ? ' quoth the Jje svethfi 1 child. 215. Or else [a] wood [-beast], or 224. brenne. The final e is illegible, [a] water[-beast] ? being obliterated by a blot of ink. 219. Comp. William of Palerne, 1, bette. Comp. Sir Aldingar, 1. 53 2803, ' Go we now on goddes halve.' (Percy folio, vol. i, p. 168), ' And fayre 220. The grypte eyjjur = They each fyer there shalbe bette.' seized. 227. A tant est Matehrime qui 221. suwethe. The Koxb. editor has a-maiue a grant oris mistaken this for seemeth. Batant la bonne dame qui eust nom 221-2. rede. Here we find ri-de in Bietrix. the former edition ; but besides that it 230. Here in the French poem fol- is not so written, the French original lows, , ^ shows that it must be as in the text. -rr i ^- ^ ■ . ^ ' ' ' rru- • -J i r.LU i j ± ^ j t^oulentwrs en eust ris mats trop This mcident of the angel does not hnd j i ^ j. -^^ • . ^ ■. • J.I w 1, dolent estoit. its place here, m the French poem. There, it is when the child accosts the He then asks the child what his own King that the author says, — name is ; and he answers that he has Hovcime fol et sauvaige a merveilles no name, except that with the hermit sembloit his name has been always Beau filz. Lange a dieu le pere stir les2)aule Comp. Libius Disconius, 11. 25 — 30 and seoit 62 — 66. Percy folio, vol. ii. p. 416 Que ce quil devoit dire trop bien lui and 418. enseignoit. 12 HE OFFERS TO FIGHT FOR THE QUEEN". ' I am po kynge of yis londe • & oryens am kalled, The King And ]>e ^oudur is my qwene ■ betryce she liette, 232 answers, and tells -iittji the story. 1l In jjc ^ondcie balowe lyre • is buskedde to brewne; She was sklawnndered on-by3e ■ pat she hadde taken howndes ; And 3yf she hadde so don • here harm were not to charge.' 'Thou dost ill to ' The?me Avere J?ou no3t ry3[t]lye sworne,' qt(od pe bryne. chylde • ' vpon ry^te luge, 236 Whe?me ])ou tokest fe jjy crowne • kynge whenne fou made were, To done attur matabryne • for J)e?me pon shalt mysfare , For she is fowle felle & fals • & so she shall e be fownden, And bylefte with pe fend • at here laste ende, 240 II That styked styflfe in here brestes • pat wolde pe qwene brenne : I am but lytuUe & ^onge,' quod pe chylde • ' leeue Jjou forsothe, J^ot but twelfe ^ere olde • euen at fis tyme, And I Avolle putte my body • to better & to worse, 244 To fy3te for pe qwene • \vith whome pat wronge seythe.' TheHne graunted pe kynge • & loye he bygy?methe, If any helpe were fer-Inne • pat here clensen my3te. By pat come pe olde qwene • & badde hym com She is fell and false, and shall go to the fiend. I am but 12 years old, but I will fight for the Queen.' The King is con- tent. The old Queen rebukes him. petine : 233. 3ondere. Misprinted ynderx in the Roxb. ed. 23a. hadde is erroneously printed shadde in the Roxb. ed. here harm were not to charge = her death would not be a matter of con- cern to any one. ' Charge, in Chaucer, = a matter of difficulty, a matter of consideration.' — R. M. 230-7. Tlie French corresponding to this passage is, Arxe ! Dieu dixt len/ant, fait as /(die ivgement 248 Naf pas a droit ivge comvae roij loy- avment. vpon ry3te luge = [hast not] right- ly judged. These words are evidence that tlie French poem was the original of the English one ; our poet having apparently taken the word Ivge into his text without translating it. 243. Not but = only. In modern Lancashire, no bnt, or not Init. 245. with whom [soever it be] that wrong saith [of her]. 248. )3enue = thence. MATABRYNE TEARS HIS HAIR. 13 IT ' To speke w/t/i suclie on as he • Jjou mayste ryjth lothe thenke.' 249 ' A, dame,' q^uod fie kynge • * thow^te 36 none synne 1 Thow haste for-sette Jje 3onge qwene • fou knoweste welle Jje sothe : This chylde ]>at I here speke withe • seyth fat he wolle preue 252 That pou nother Jjy sawes • certeyne be neyther.' And petiTxe she lepte to hym • & kaw3te hym by pe lokke ; That jjer leiied in here honde • heres an hondredde. * A, by lyuynge god,' qiiod pe childe • ' Jjrtt bydeste in heuene, 256 IF Thy hedde shalle lye on jjy lappe • for py false tz^rnes. I aske a felawe anone • a freshe kny3te aitur, For to fy3te vr/'th me • to dryue owte jje ry3te.' ' A, boy,' qtiod she, ' wylt poii so • pou shalt sone myskarye ; 260 He speaks up for his Queen, and [Fol. 128 6.] tells what the child says. Matabryne ruslies at the child and tears his hair. ' Thy head shall lie in thy lap ! ' quoth he. 'Give me a man to fight with 1 ' 254. hym, sc. the child. The passage in the French poem is curious, the writer exliibiting the rage of the con- tending parties by a furious succession of rimes in -aiffe, the Norman pronun- ciation of -age. Mere ce dist le roij rous nestes mie saige Veez a vng enfant qui Men seniMe sanvaige Qui dit que jpeche faictes et ennuij et hontaige Quecous la dame a tort vous mettez mir putaige Quant la vielle lenient a pou quelle nenrage Aux checeulx prent lenf ant plus de c. en arrache Bleu aide dist leitfant ci a mal a comtalge Ceste vielle kideuse a en son corps la raige Plus fait a redoubter que mil lyon sanvaige. La gloj'ieuse dame en qui dieu pj'int mnbraige Menroye en cor rengence de ce villain hontaige ; Ce ne me faisoit mie mon pere en lermitaige. Tous ceulx qui lont oij liucJient en leur langalge Ha : roy de orient ne soujfrez tel hontaige ; Li enfant dlt assez par les sains de cartaige. Roy tien a lenfant droit hlen pert de hault paralge, Nulz horns ne puet mleulx dire tant soit de graxvt langalge, Dleu te la enroye pour dire cest messaige. 256. bydeste. Sic in MS. 'It is probably thrown in parenthetically, and addressed to God. So in Havelok, " Ihesu crist, Jiat made mone, pine dremes turne to ioye [sone] pat wite \>vf that sittes in trone." It is very abrupt, certainly.' — W. W. S. In Havelok also, there is a Thou in the former part of the sentence, but here there is none. 14 HE IS CHRISTENED ENYAS, AND IS DUBBED KNIGHT. 'Ha! boy! I'll get me a man that Bhall mar thee.' She sends Malkedras. An Abbot christens the child Enyas. I wylle gete me a man ■ fat shalle pe sone marre.' She t2/?-netli her fe/me to malkedras • & byddyth hym take armes, And badde hym bathe his spere ' in fe boyes herte : And he of suclie one • gret skornc he jjoAvjte. 264 H An holy abbot was fer-by * & he hym feder bowethe, For to cristen fe chylde • frely & feyre ; The abbot maketh hym a fonte • & was his godfader, The erle of aunthepas • he was another, 268 The coiuites of salamere • was his godmoder ; They kallede hym Enyas to name • as fe book tellethe : Mony was Jje ryche 3yfte • Jjat Jjey ^afe hjan aft«7' : The bells ring of Alle Jje bellys of pQ close • rongen at ones 272 themselves all the fight through, % Withe-outc ony ma?ines helpe • Avhyle Jje fyjte lasted ; Christ was well "NVlierefore fe wyste welle ♦ fat criste was plesed yvith ^^^^ ■ here dede. Whe/zne he was cristened • frely & feyre, Aft?//-, jje kynge dubbede hym knyjte • as liis kynde Avolde : 276 Thewne prestly he prayeth fe kynge ' fat he hym lene wolde An hors w?t7i his harnes • & blethelye he hjm graunt- ethe : Thewne was feraunce fette forthe • fe kynges p?-ice stede. And out of an hy^e towre • armowr fey halenne ; 280 % And a whyte shelde -with a crosse • vpon fe posse honged, And liit was wryten f er-vpon • pat to enj-as hit sholde : The King dubs Enyas knight. The King lends him his good steed Feraunce, and armour, and a shield with a cross on it. 201 . marre. This is written in the MS. with a long r in the second place ; and the former editor mistook it for a y, and wrote the word viarye. The word ' miscarrye ' in the line above might have undeceived him, for it also has the long r, followed by a real y. 262. I^enne. Printed thence in the Koxb. ed. 2Ca. An holy abbot. ' L'AUe Gantier,' says the French book. 271. :^yfte. This is misprinted jy*^*' in the 1820 edition. 274. welle. Misprinted melt in the other edition. 279. Feraunce is Ferrant in the French poem. 281. posse. Perhaps miswritten for postc, as Utterson has printed it : it is, however, so written in the MS. Ayenbyte of Inwyt. 282. hit sholde [belong]. HE CONSULTS WITH A KNIGHT OF THE KING's. 15 And whe?2ne he was armed • to alle his ry3tes, 283 The?me prayde he J)e kynge • fat he hyia. lene wolds Oon of his beste m.enne ' fat he moste truste, To speke ^vith hym but • a speche Avhyle. Enyas takes A kny3te kaw3te hym by fe honde • & laddo hym of Knight whom ferowte: 287 ^mf^^^'"^' ' What beeste is jjis,' quod pe childe • * Jjat I shalle on houe ? ' ^ ' Hit is called an hors,' quod Jje knyjte • ' a good & an and leams what , , , , is a horse, abmle. ' Why etethe he yren 1 ' qtiod pe chylde • ' wylle he ete no3the elles 1 And what is pat on his bakke ■ of byrthe, or on a saddle, a tridie, , , _ . , a hawberk, a DOUnden i helm, a shield, a 'Nay, pat in his mowthe * men kallen a brydelle, 292 ^"^[Foi! 129.] And that a sadeUe on his bakke • pat pan shalt in tTusSihTm.^'"^ sytte.' * And what heuy kyrtelle is ]jis * withe holes so thykke ] And Jiis holowe [on] on my hede • I may nojt Avele here.' 'An helme men kaUen pat on * & an hawberke pat other.' 296 ^ ' But what broode on is J)is on my breste • hit bereth adowii my nekke.' * A bry3te shelde & a sheene • to shylde pe fro strokes.' ' And what longe on is fis • that I shaUe vp lyfte ? ' 'Take pat launce vp in fyn honde • & loke jjou hym • see thou hit hytte ; 300 ^''"' 285. truste, j!?/. of trust ; it is trlste 291. of byrthe = congenital, born in 1. 49. with him, natural. 286. a speohe whyle. Comp. Shaksp. 295. wele. This word is added in Two Gent, of Verona, IV. 3. the margin in a later hand. It is 287. of = from out of. omitted in the edition of 1820. 288. houe. The Koxb. editor reads holowe = hollow one : the on has hone, and takes it to be the O.E. Hon dropped out, because of the preposition = to hang, but it is doubtless Hove following. See 11. 297, 299. = abide, be. 296. j^at other. Misprinted ]}e other 290. The child puts this question to in the 1820 edition. the King, in the French poem. 16 FIGHTS WITH MALKEDRAS, MATABRYNE 8 CHAMPION. ' and it' we come to ground P ' ' Get up again. Draw thy sword, emit* him with the edge, snred him in pieces.' ' But won't he Bmite again ? ' ' That will he ! never mind ! srnit* off his head ! ' They run to- gether, shiver their spears. smash their armour, and up- set each other. The horses run round the lists. And whenne J»at sliafte is schyuered ■ take scharpelye another.' ' 3e, what yf grace be • we to growude wenden 1 ' ' A-ryse vp ly^tly on J>e fete • & reste Jje no lengur ; 303 And ]je7?ne plukke out fy swerde • & pele on hym faste, IT ALl«-wey eggelynges down • on alle pat ]>ou fyndes ; His ryche helm nor his swerde • rekke fou of neyjjwr ; Lete Jje sharpe of J>y swerde • schreden hym smalle.' ' But wolle not he smyte a3ej'ne • whe?ine he feleth smerte ] ' 308 ' 3ys, I knowe hym fuUe wele • bothe kenely & faste : 'Enur folowe jjou on )?e flesh ' tylle pou haste hym fallethe ; And sythen smyte of his heede ' I kan sey Jje no furre.' * Now pou. haste tawjte me,' qtiod pe childe • ' god I pe beteche : 312 IF For now I kan of pe crafte • more pe)iiie I kowthe.' Thennc Jjey maden Raunges • & roiinen to-gedere, That pe speres in here hondes • shyueredeii to peces ; And for [to] reniiene a3eyn • men raw3ten hem other, 316 Of balowe tymbere & bygge • pat wolde not breste ; And eyther of hem " so smer[t]lye smote other, That alle fleye in Jje felde • Jjat on hem was fastened. And eyther of hem topseyle • tumbledde to Jje erthe ; 320 H Thewne here horses rownen forth • aftwr Jje raunges, Euwr ferauiice by-forne • & Jjat other aftz/?* ; 302. je. Misprinted Se in the edition ally omitted bj the scribe. of 1820. 303. Iy3tly. Misprinted hj^t in 1820. 305. eggelynges = edgewise. With the edge. The contrary of ^flatlingsJ 307. sharpe = sharp edge. 309, jys = yes. Its use here in- stead of^3e, as in 1. 302, is due to the negative in the question. 310. fallethe = felled. 316. rennene may be rennenge, si,; but more probably the line should be 88 above, the to having been accident- 320. topseyle. Sic in MS. Top = head, — as we say, ' from top to toe.' Should it be perhaps ' topteyle ' ? Comp. Wm. of Palerne, 1. 2776 : ' Set hire a sad strok so sore in )>q necke l^at sche top mtsr tail tombled cuer fje hacches.' 321. ro?tnen. Misprinted rewm^« in the Roxb. ed. 322. Le destrier Elyas va, lavtre potirsuivant. SLAYS HIM. 17 Feraunce launces vp his fete • & lassclietlie out his yeu: The fyi'ste happe, other hele • was hat • bat be chylde Feraunce lashea ■^ '■'■ ' '^ ^ ^ '' out and blinds hadde, 324 the other horse. Whe?me fat pe chylde fat hym bare • blente hadde his fexe : The?me thei styrte vp on hy • with staloworth shankes, ^nyas and Malkedras start Pulledde out her swerdes • & smoten to-ged?/;*. up and draw 17 11 ^^^" swords. 'Kepe J)y swerde fro my croyse • quod cheuenye 'Beware my o o o cross ! ' assygne : olo IT *I charde not by croyse,' auod malkedras ■ ' be vahve '} (lon't earea ''J ■J ' i- > cherry for your of a cherye; cross!* For I shalle choppe it fulle smalle • ere fe/aie fis werke ende.' An edder sprongc out of his shelde • & in his body An adder strikes ■^ him from out Spynnethe ; the cross; and a fire thereout A fyi'e fruscheth out of his croys • & [fjrapte out his bundswm. yen: 332 The?me he stryketh a stroke • Cheualere assygne, Enyas cuts him down and takes Euen his sholder in twoo • & do-vra in -to Jje herte ; [Foi. 129 &.] And he bowethe hjin down • & ^eldethe vp pe lyfe. * I shalle pe 3elde,' quod fe chylde • ' ry3te.as.fee_kny3te me taw3te.' xj'^'^ ^ '' ^' '"^'^ '^3:.6 / OF T[IH 323. yen. The transcriber for they ]^^l}^^i(jhSsrpeMiyajdeux testes, Roxb. ed. mistook the curl over the %■. oncqties tet ne viz ^mme (n)) for a d, as if it was rd, and wrote \^ ^. . iMllit . .p- . . /^ yerd, making nonsense of the line. ~ ^^^^W^i^i^i^^^^uarre a sa venc 324. hele. The Eoxb. ed. has/eZe; se'Tonvs' which is wrong. Les deux testes hii crevent les deux 325. chylde. This word seems to yeulx sans doubtance. have crept in by mistake. The sense 332. rapte, in MS. ; fraj^te, which and alliteration would require ' blonk ' is a common word enough, would suit = steed. the alliteration better. 326. Thenne thei. The Roxb. ed. 333. The/me. Sic in MS. The Roxb. has TJienne ether; the transcriber qA.\i9.?, wlienne. having mistaken the last e in then for 334. ' Schreding,' or some such word, the beginning of the word ether. is wanted instead of, or after, Even. staloworth. Miswritten for stal- 336. I shall ^^e lelde = I shall render rvorih. unto thee = I shall serve thee, I shall 328. cheuelrye. Sic in MS. requite thee. 330. benne = the time when. 18 BURNS MATABRYNE. DISENCHANTS HIS BRETHREN, ALL BUT ONE. IT He trussethe his haxneys fro fe nekke • & fe hede wywnethe ; Sytlien lie toke hit "by |)e lokkes * & in pe helm leyde ; Thoo thanked he our lorde lowely • J)«t lente hym )>at groce. Matabryne flees, The;me sawe Jje qwene matahryne • her man so mur- but the child j i oAn overtakes her and dered ; OW browTi "ashes. Turned her brydelle ' & towarde ]je towne rydethe ; The chylde folowethe here aiiur ' fersly & faste, Sythen browjte here a^eyne * wo for to drye, And breute here in fe balowe fyer • alle to broMTie askes. 344 The young Queen ^ The 3onge qwene at be fyre * by bat was vnbounden ; is unbound. Enyas tells his The cliilde kome byfore Jse kynge • & on-hy3e he seyde, and Queen. And tolde hym how he was his sone • '& opur sex childeren, By ]ie qwene betryce * she bare hem at ones, 348 For a worde on Jje walle * pat she wronge seyde ; And ponder in a ryuere • swymmen fey swannes ; Sythen pe forsworne thefe IVIalkadras ' byrafte hem her cheynes.' 351 ' By god,' quod fe goldsmythe • ' I knowe pat ry^th wele; The goldsmith IF Fyve clieynes I haue • & fey ben fysh hole.' the chains at Xowe withe pB goldsmy^the ' gon alle fese kny3tes, ThTy all go to Toke pGj pQ choynes * & to jje watwr turnen, 355 the chains to tlir "^^^ shoken vp J>e cheynes • fer sterten vp pe swannes ; swans Eche On chese to his • & turnen to her kynde : Each choosing '' his own, turns to •Q^^;^l qq -^y^s alwave a swanue • for losse of his cheyne. his human form. " All but one. He, Hit was doole for to se • pe sorowe pat he made; for want of his n i • i chain, remained He bote liym scif wit/i his bylk * pat alle his breste always a swan. ii ii onn bledde, oov 345. by J?at = by that time. has turneden in this place ; but not in 353. fysh hole = ' as sound as a 1. 355. roach,' as we say. chese to his = chose his own. 35G. shoken. Sic in MS. The former 358. alwaye. Sic in MS. Edition of edition has strohen. 1820 has always. 357. turnen. The former edition THEY ARE CHRISTENED. 19 ^ And alle liis feyre federes • fomede vpon blode, And alle formerknes Jje vratur • fer Jje swanne swywi- methe : There was ryche ne pore • fat my^te for rewthe, 'Twas sad to see Lengere loke on hym • but to fe courte wenden, 364 Tlie?me fey formed a fonte • & cristene fe children ; They christen the And callen Vryens fat on • and Oryens another, Assakarye fe thrydde ' & gadyfere fe fowxthe ; The fyfte hette rose ' for she was a mayden ; 368 The sixte Avas fulwedde • cheuelere assygne. And fus fe botenynge of god • brow^te hem to honde . ; . So by God's help they were restored. EXPLICIT 362. formerknes. If this is v. land -en. intr., and governed by the sb. water, 366. The names of the children in it should have been by rights former- the French poem are Orions, Orient, keneth; butif itis^Z. and tr. governed Zaeharias, Jehan, and Rosette. by federes^ it has borrowed the North- 369. was fulwedde = had been bap- em -es termination instead of the Mid- tized already. 21 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. ABBREVIATIONS. Adj. = Adjective. Obj. = Objective. Adv. = Adverb. O.E. = Old English, A. D Allit. = Early Engl. Alliterative —1200. Poems. Pf^ = Perfect. Art. = Article. PI. = Plural. Comp. = Comparative. P.pt. = Past Participle. Conj. = Conjvmction. Pers. = Personal. Cp. = Compare. Pass. = Possessive. Bern. = Demonstrative. Prep. = Preposition. Fern. = Feminine, Pron. = Pronoun. Fr. = French. Pefl. = Reflexive. Gen. = Genesis and Exodus. Pel. = Relative. Germ. = German. Sh. = Substantive. Imp. = Imperative. Sc. = Scottish. Imp. pt = Imperfect Participle. Sing. = Singular, Int. = Interjection, Tr. == Transitive, Intr. = Intransitive. V. = Verb. Wm. = Willi im of Palerne. 500 A, interj. = Ah, 71, 82, 250, 255, 260. A, art. 5, 6, &c. Perhaps as a numeral = one, 157, 165. A, prep. = in, or on ; O.E. & 0. Sc. An. In 1. 79 it means at. Abbot, sh. 265. Abowte, jjre^A 44, 126. Abulle, adj. = fit, proper, able, 289. Adowne, acZy. = down, 21, 88, 101, 114; adown, 190, 297. Afi'ye, sb. = trust, 10. Afore, adv. =■ in front, 228. Aftnr, ^rep.= along, 321; for, or in quest of, 46, 129, 153, 342 ; in accordance with, 13, 238 ; adv. = afterwards, 54, 80, 258, 271, 276 ; behind, 322. AUe, adj. 43, 67, 98, &c.; adv. 15. Alle-weldinge, adj. = Almighty, 1. O.E. Hal-wealdende. AUewey. Bee Alwaye. Allone, adj. = alone, 184. 22 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Als, conj. = also, 91. Also, conj. 218. Alwaye, adc. 358 ; aUewey, 305. Au, art. 5, 331, &c. And, conj. 8, 1 8, &c. = an, if, 139. Angelle, sh. 192, 193, 221. Anon, adv. 85; anone, 68, 190, 258. Another, adj. 268, 301, 366. Ar, Zd pi. pres. ind. of v. Be, 82. Armed, p. pt. of arm, v. tr. 283. Armes, sh. 2^1- 262. Armour, sh. 280. Aryse, v. intr. 2d sing, imper. 77, 303. As, conj. 7, 19, &c. =as though, 53. Aske, r. tr. 128, 171 ; 3d sing. f)f. askede, 130, 192 ; asskede, 210; p. pt. asked, 131. Askes, sh. pi. = ashes, 344. Asseylde, 3d sing. pf. ind. of asseyle, ». tr. 145. Assygne =rr. an cygne, 11, &c. Assygyned, p. pA. of assign, v. tr. 188. At, prep. 23, 60, 98, Aw3te, sh. =: aught, 204. A3ejTie, orfi-. =z again, 93, 104, 137, 177, 343; a3eyn, 123. Badde. See Bid. Bakke, sh. = back, 291, 293. Balowe, adj. O.E. Bealu, or Bealo ; Balo or Balu = deadly, 233, 344, strong (?) 317. Banke, sh. 132. Barmeteme, sh. 103. This is the O.E. Bearntetne, and is miswritten for barnteme = brood, progeny, from barne = cliild, bairn ; and teme, or teem (O.E. temmi) = to produce, bring forth. See Gen. 954 and 3903. In Chalmers's Life of James 1. (prefixed to his 'Poetic Remains of the Scottish kings,' 1824), p. 15, he writes, "The Act of the former session was renewed in this ; requiring the clergy to pray for the king, for the queen, and their Bairntime, which is now explained to mean, ' the children produced between them.'" Bathe, v. tr. 263. Bare, 3d sing. pf. ind. of bear, v. tr. 325, 348. Be, V. intr. 17, 37, 80 ; 3dpl.p)res. subj. bene (O.E. beon), 188; Zd sing. subj. 100, 302. Bedde, s5. 33, 161. Beetheth. See Bete. Befalle, v. intr. 204. Bene. See Be, v. intr. Bere, v. tr. 3d sing. ind. bereth, 297; 3d sing. pf. 196. See also Bare, p. pt. borne, 23, 41. Berthe. See Byrthe. Beste, s&. = beast, 214; beeste, 218, 288. Beste, adj. 68, 285. Bete, V. tr. O.E. hetan = to pre- pare, to kindle (said of fire); %d sing. pres. ind. beetheth, 157 ; p- pt. bette, 224. Bete, V. tr. = beat ; imp. pt. betynge, 227. Beteche, v. tr. See By take, 312. Bette. See Bete. Better, adj. 49, 175 ; bettur, adv. 97. Betyde, v. intr. 103. Betynge. See Bete. Bid, V. tr. 3d sing. pf. badde, 156, 172, 248, 263 ; 3d 'sing. pres. byddyth, 262. Bledde, 3d sing. pf. of bleed, v. intr. 360. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 23 Blente, p. pt. of blind, v. tr. O.E. blendian, 325. Blethely, adv. =: blithely, cheer- fully, 278. Blode, sh. = blood, 361. Ely the, adj. 154. Body, sb. 244. Book, sh. 7, 270. Borne. 8ee Bere, v. tr. Bote, 3cZ sing. pf. of bite, v. tr. 360. Botenning, s5. = remedy, succour, 370 ; from boteu, v. tr. formed from bote = remedy, from O.E. gehetan ■=■ to mend. Bothe, con]. 20, 79 ; adj. 135. Bounden, p. pt. of bind, v. tr. 291. Boy, sb. 260 ; poss. boyes, 263. Bowethe, ?>d sing. pres. ind. of bow, V. tr. 335 ; bowethe hym, 265 = turneth him, goeth. Breke, v. tr. O.E. hrecan ; Sd sififf. pres. brekethe, 157 ; 1st sing, jif. ind. breke (now brake, or broke), 165. Brenne, v. tr. =: burn, 68, 241 ; ;;/ brente, 344 ; p. pt. brente, 80 ; intransitively, 191, 224. Breste, sh. 297, 360 ; yl. brestes, 241. Breste, v. inter. = burst, 317. Broode, adj. = broad, 297. Browne, adj. 344. Brow^te, Zd sing. pf. of bring, v. tr. 41, 49, 343, 370. BrydeUe, sh. 229, 292, 341. Brynge, v. tr. 2d sing. imp. 203. Bry^t, adj. = bright, 8 ; bry3te, 298. Busk, V. tr. = prepare, make ready ; 2)d sing. ff. ind. buskede, 172; ;?. y. buskedde, 233. But, conj. 1 5, 1 7, &c. = except, 38 ; only, 242. By, iwep. 196, 348 ; = of, con- cerning, 5 ; at, about, 84, 143, 205 ; through, 85, 216, adv. — near, 109. Bycche, sh. ■=. bitch, 62. Bydeste = abidest, 256, Id sing, ind. of byde, v. intr. Byddynge, sh. ■=. command, 85. Byddyth. See Bid. Byfore, prep. = before, 23, 64, 110, 124, &e., before, 114. Byforne, adv. ^before, 322 ("VVm. biforn. Gen. biforen). Bygyleth, pt. pt. of beguile, v. tr. (for beguiled), 78. Byginne, v. tr. 2)d sing, j^res. ina. bygynnethe, 76, 246 ; Zd sing, pf, byganne, 183. Byhelde, 3fZ sing. pf. of byhold = behold, 21. Bylefte, p. pt. of byleve, or be- leave = abandon, 240. Bylle, sh. = bill, 360. Byrafte, 3d sing. pf. hid. of by- reave or bereave. O.E. bereafian ; 199, 351. Byrthe, sh. = birth, 23, 40, 291 ; berthe, 65. Byside, adv. = beside, 149. Bytake (or bitake) =betake, com- mit, deliver. O.E. betcecan ; 3f/ si7ig. pres. ind. bytakethe, 151 ; bytaketh, 173 ; p.pt. bytaken, 163; cp. Gen. 212. Call, V. tr. M vl. pres. indie. calleu, 366 ; kailen, 292, 296 ; 3^ pl.pf called, 46; kallede, 270 ; U sinq. imp. kalle, 204 ; p. pt. called, 289 ; kalled, 6, 231. Caste, V. tr. 52; Zd pi. pres. ind. caste, 88 ; 1*^ sitig. pf. caste, 167 ; od sing, caste, 63. Cawsed, M sing. pf. ind. of cause, V. tr. 39 24 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Certeyne, aJj. =■ certain, 253. Charde, v. intv. = care, 329. Charge, sh. concern, 235. Chaste, s6. = chest, 127. See Note. Chaunce, sh. 123. Chef 6, sh. := chief, 11. Cherye, sh. = cherry, 329. Chese, 3tZ sing. 2>f- of choose. Used with the prep, to, 357. Cheualere, s&. 11,333; cheuelerc, 369. Cheuelrye, sh. miswritten for cheuelere, 328. Cheuene, v. tr. quasi chiefen^ to rule over, 16. Cheuerynge, imp. pt. of cheuer or chyuer, q. v. Cheyne, sh. 43, 125, 137, 146, 148, 150, 157, 164, 165, 176, 179, 199, 351. Choppe, V. tr. 330. Chylde, sh. — child, 16, 29, &c. With chylde, 35 ; fl. chylderen, 23, 82, 93; chyldren, 107, 122, 130, &c. ; children, 143 ; childeren, 347. Chyuer, v. infr. = shiver , 2>d pi. pf. chyuered, 107 ; imp. pt. cheuerynge, 107. Cp. Morte Arthur (Line.) 1. 3392. Clene, adj. 174. Clensen, v. tr. = to cleanse, 247. Close, sh. ^ an enclosed field, or space of ground, 272. Clothe, sh. = cloth, 97. Colde, sh. 107. Combred (p. pit- of combre (cnm- ber) = to trouble) = miserable, 71. Come, V. intr. 38 ; com, 248 ; 'id sing. pres. indie, comeste, 51 ; ?>d Hinq. comethe, 109 ; pf. come, 64, ll'O, 142, 151, 173, l83, 208, 228, 248 ; Kome, 113, 340; p. pt. conien, 154. Confounde, v. tr. 75. Conntes, sh. = countess, 269. Counselle, sh. 50. Courte, sh. 53, 123, 163, 203; cowrte, 150, 155, &c. Cowche, sh. = bed, 45. Cowpe, sh. = cup, 153, 164, 173, &c. Crafte, sh. = business, 313. Criste, 104; Cryste, 111. Cristen, v. tr. ■=. christen, 266 ; 3c? pi. pres. ind. cristene, 365 ; /;. pt. cristened, 203, 275. Crosse, sh. 281. Crowne, sh. 237. Croyse, sh. = cross, 328-9 ; croys, 332. Cry, V. intr. ?>d sing. 2'>res. ind. cryethe, 81 ; 3^? pi. pf. crvedde, 106 ; cryde, 108 ; cryede, 111. Cuppe, sh. 160, 168. Cursed, p. jJt. of curse, v. tr. 38, 145 ; used adjectively, cursede, 142; cursedde, 121. Curteynesse, sh. = courteousness, 179. Dame, sh. 69, 73, 125, 132, 250. Damme, sh. = mother, 61. Dare, v. intr. 1st sing. pres. ind. 27 ; 'id sing. pf. durste, 56 ; pi. 147. Day, sh. 188, 191, 208. Dedde. See Done. Dede, sh. = deed, 274. Deepe, adv. 86. Deljaiered, p. pf. of delyuer, v. tr. 37, 180; id sing. pf. 155, 178. Deseruethe, Sd sing. pres. of de- serve, V. tr. 72. Deth, s5. 100; dethe, 138, 182, 180. Do, V. tr. 139 ; done, 238 ; U sing. pf. 172 ; 'id sing, imper. do, 138 p.pt. don, 235. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 20 Dole, sh. = sorrow, compassion, 134 ; doole, 359. Dolefulle, adj. 106. Dome, s?K = doom, 186 ; pi. domus, 91. Dore, sb. 60, 87. Down, adv. 305, 334, 335. DoAvjter, sb. ^ daughter, 42. Draw, V. tr. O.E. dragan (in- transitively used, as in the phrase 'Draw near'); 3fi sinij. and pi. drowj, 33 ; and drowje, 37, 114, 161. Drowse = drew (Gen. 1. 2360, dragen. O.E. drog). See Draw. Drye, v. tr. (O.E. dreogan. Gen. dregen ; Allit. dryi^e^ = to dree, to suffer, 343. Drjoie, V. tr. dryne out =: bring out, ascertain, 259. Dubbede, 3d sing. pf. ind. 276. Durste. See Dare. Dwellest, 2,d sing. pres. ind. of dwell, V. intr. 201 ; "^d sing. pf. dwellede, 13. Dynime, adj. = ^xm, dark, 86. Dynte, sb. 138. Eche, acT/. = each, 31, 44, 126; each a, O.E. ilka ^ each, every, 187. Edder, sb. = adder, 331. Eggelynges, adv. = edgelings, edgewise, with the edge (O.E. Ecg. ^ edge), 305. Eke, adv. = also, 180. Elles, adv. = else (Allit. elle-^), 74, 215, 290 ; ellis, 30. EUeven, adj. 89. Ende, sb. 40, 240 ; v. tr. 330. Enforme, v. tr. 212. Er, prep. = ere, before, 70. Erie, sb. 268. Erthe, sb. 320. Etethe, Zd sing. pres. ind. of ete (eat), 290. Euen, 243, 334. Euur = ever, 222, 322. Eyther = each, 220, 318, 320. Fader, sb. = father, 90, 212, 219 ; poss. fader, 203. Fallethe, p. pt. of fall = failed, 310. Perhaps mis written for /e//(°l. -pf. ind. of fome (foam), V. intr. 361. Fonte, si). 267, 365. For, conj. 3, 5, &c. ; prep. 15, 29, 49, &c. Forests, sh. 95. Forge, V. tr. 153. Forlonge, s6. = furlong, 228. Formed, ?>d pi. pf. of form, v. tr. 365 ; p.pt. forraeth = formed, 200, 209. Formerken, v. intr. = darken ; 3a? sing, indie, formerknes, 362. See Note. Forsette, v. tr. ■= beset, entrap, betray, 251. O.E. forsettan. Cp. Allit. B. 78. Forsothe, adv. 18, 195, 242. Forsworn, p. pt. of forswear, v. tr. 199 ; forsworne, 351. Forthe, adv. 52, 60, 75, &c. Forth, 176. Forthy, acZy. = wherefore, 218 (O.E.). Fostere, sh. = forester, 120. Fowle, adj. 40, 239. Fownden. See Find. Fowre, numeral adj. = four, 95. Fowrth, adj. = fourth, 367. Frapte,p/. of frap = strike, 332. Frely, adj. = lordly, noble, 218, 266, 275. Cp. Allit. B. 162 ; Wm. 124. Freshe, adj. 258. Fro, prep. 113, 148, 159, 298, 328. Frusch, V. intr. (projierly tr. ■=. strike. Fr. froisser) but liere == rush ; 'id sing. ind. fruscheth, 332. Fulfylde, j;. 2^t- of fulfylle (fulfil), 206. Fidle, adv. 12, 54, 69, 113, 141, &c. Fulwen, v. ^r. = baptize. O.E. fulwian ; p. pt. fulwedde, 369. Furre, comp. of fur = further, 311. Fyfte, adj. - fifth, 368. Fyndes. See Find, v. tr. Fyre, sb. 224, 233, 332, 345 ; fyer, 159, 165, 167, 344. Fyrste, adj. 51, 58 ; adv. 80. Fysh, sb. = fish, 353. Fyue, numeral adj. 159 ; fyve, 167. Fy^te, V. intr. = fight, 200, 209, 212, 245, 259; sb. 273. Gader, v. intr. = gather ; imj). pt. gaderynge, 223. Gete, V. tr. = get, 261 ; 3(i sing, pf. ind. gette (properly 3et or jat), 34 ; 2d sing, imper. gate, 137. Gladdenes, sb. 57. Go, V. intr. 3c? sing. p)res. irid. goothe, 157; Sd pi. gon, 354; p. pt. go, 143. God, sb. 1, 40, &c. ; poss. goddes, 206, 219. Godfader, sb. 267. Godmoder, sb. 269. Goldsmy^te, sb. 153, 157, 354; goldsmythe, 352. Good, adj. 130, 289. Grace, sb. 302, 339. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 27 Graunt, v. tr. =: grant ; 2d sing. j)f. itid. grauntethe, 278; ?>d sing. graunted, 189, 246. Grete, adj. =l great, 83 ; gret, 264. Grownde, sb. 302. Grymme, adj. black, dark, 51 ; sad, 189. Cp. Allit. A. 1069. Grypte, 3d sing. 2^/- of gryp, v. tr. 220. Gynnytli, Zd sing. pres. ind. of gynne, v. (begin), 66. Hadde. See Haue. Halen, v. tr. = to haul ; 2>d pi. indie, halenne, 280. Halfe, sh. 165; = side, behalf, 219. Halueiidele = half-deal ^ half, 176 ; halvendelle, 160. Ham, pers. pron. ohj. = them, 152. Happe, sh. = hap (good), 324. Harm, sb. 235 ; harme, 3. Harnes, sb. ■= armour, 278 ; bar- neys, 337. Hast. See Haue. Hatefulle, adj. 141. Hath. See Haue. Haue, V. tr. 120 ; 1st sing. j)res. ind. 70, 353 ; M sing, hast, 78 ; haste, 194, 251, 310; M sinq. hath, 128 ; Zd pi. haue, 79 ; M sing. pf. hadde, 16, 44, 47 ; \st sing. pf. subj. 181; "id sing. 53; jo. pt. hadde, 79. Hawberke, sb. 296. He, pers. pron. 2, 13, &c. Hedde, sh. = head, 27, 217, 257 ; hede, 295 ; heede, 311. Heelde. See Holden, v. tr. Heete (or Hete), v. tr. = tell ; \st sing. pres. indie. 18. Hele, sh. = pleasure, advantage. 324. O.E.Zre/= health. Helle, sh. 10. Helme = helmet, sh. 296, 306, 338. Helpe, sh. 118, 247, 273. Helpe, V. tr. 50 ; M sing. pres. subj. 70. Hem, 2>''0". = 'em, them; 19, 20, 44, 45, 52, 83, 96, 97, 101, 102, 104, 109, 110, 112, 114—119, 126, 129, 133, 134, 138, 148, 151, 152, 159, 169, 190, 194, 196, 199, 316, 318—320, 348, 351. Hemselfen = themselves, 20. Hente, v. tr. = seize, take ; 3dpL pf. ind. hente, 85 ; p. pi. hente, 3. Her, poss. pron. fern. 10, 32, 340, 341. Her, ^;e?'s. pron. fern. ohj. 23, 35, 38, 47, 68, 70, 73, 85, 176, 262. Her, adv. =here, in this place, 77. Her =: their. See Here. 'Kere, 2)oss. 2yron. feni. = her, 171, 182, 240, 255. Here, j^srs. i^ron. fern. ohj. = her, 15, 32, 34, 86—88, 126, 131, 135, 151, 153, 189, 190, 226, 342—344. Here, 2>oss. pron. pi. = their, 126, 220, 235, 274, 315, 321 ; her, 105, 199, 327. Here, v. tr. ■=. hear, 57 ; \st sing, pf. ind. herde, 213 ; 3d sing. 55, 58, 108; Msing. imper. 131. Here, sh. = hair ; i^l. heres, 255. Heremyte, sh. 115, 221 ; hermyte, 109, 192, 201. Herseluen = herseK, 47. Herte, sb. (Germ. he7'z) = heart, 18, 189, 263, 334. Hette, 3d sing. 2J^6S. indie. = is called, 232 ; 3d sing. pf. hette, 7 ; hy^te, 9. (O.E. /lalan = to be called.) His, 2^oss. pron. masc. 2, 8, 36, &c. ; hys, 135. Hit, 2}ers. pron. neut. 30, 72, 74, &c. 28 GLOSSARIAL IXDEX, Holdcn, r. fr. = to hold, 169; 'id shiff. pf. ind. heelde, 152; 'id siiiff. imper. holde, 127 ; p- pt. lioide = accounted, 70. Hole, 6-6. 294. Hole, adj. = whole, 353. Hollye, adv. = whoUy, 160, 168, 181. Holy, aJj. 109, 265. Honde, sh. = hand, 2, 41, 152, 158, 1G4, 160, 174, 220, 255, 2S7, 300, 315, 370. Hondredde = hundred, 255. Honged, 3d sing. pf. of hongen, or bangeii = hang, 18. Hors, sh. =\iOXSQ, 213, 289 ; yi horses, 321. Houe, V. intr. = to abide still, to hover, to wait, 288. Cp. Allit. B. 927 ; and Lancelot, 996. How, adv. 26, 31, &c. Hownde, sh. pi. howndes, 79, 234. Hy, adj. - high, 326 ; hye, 217 ; hv;, 224; hy^e, 280; on hy3e = aloud. Hylyde, M sing. pf. of hylen = hele = cover, 102. Hym, pers. pron. masc. ohj. = him, 4, 24, &c. Hym /or Hem = them, 52. Hynde, sb. 113, 116. Hytte, V. tr. 300. Hy3e, adj. See Hy. Hy3e, v. intr. =^ hie, go, 139; rfjl. 36? sinff. pf. hyed hym, 141. Hy3nes, sh. = highness, 4. Hy3te = was called. See Hette. 1, pers. pron. 5, 18, &c. If, conj. 192. In, prep. 4, 5, &c. Is, 3(i sing. pres. ind. of Ee, v. intr. 1, 26, &c. \i, pers. pron. neat. 1, 12, &c. Joye, sh. 246. Juge = judge, 236. ;S'ee Note. Kalled, &c. See Call. Kan, V. tr. = can, i. e. know ; \st sing. pres. ind. kan, 311, 313; 2'^s. ind. of lend, 0. tr. 99. Lene, v. tr. = lend, grant, 277, 284; ;3.;5^. lente, 112,'~339. Leng, V. intr. = tarry, dwell ; 3d sing. pres. ind. lengeth, 4. Lengur, ado., comp. of long, 77, 112, 303 ; lengere, 364. Lente. See Lende, v. intr. ; and Lene, v. tr. Lepte, 3d sing. pf. ind. of lepe (leap), V. intr. 254. Let, V. tr. = allow, cause ; 3d sing. pf. ind. lette, 24, 190; 2d sing, imper. lette, 187 ; lete, 307 ; 'id sing. subj. lete, 52. Leue, V. tr. = believe, allow, 28, 133 ; leeue, 242. Leue, V. tr. = leave ; \st sing. -pf. ind. lafte, 133; M sing. 17, 221 ; \st pi. imper. leue, 92; 'id pi. pres. ind. leuen, 87. Also intransitively/ = remain ; id sing. pf. ind. lefte, 175 ; leued, 255. Leues, sh. jyl. of lefe (leaf), 119. Ley. See Lye, v. intr. Leyde, 1st sing. pf. ind. of lay ; V. tr. 1G5 ; '6d sing. 87, 101, 159, 338. Leyne, v. tr. = grant, requite, reward, 99. Lofe, stj. = love, 15. Loke, V. intr. = look, 364 ; 3d sing, pf ind. loked, 21 ; 3«/ sing, imper. looke, 52 ; loke, 203, 300.' Lokke, sh. of a door, 87 ; of hair, 254; y. lokkes, 338. Londe, sh. == land, 6, 181, 231 ; pi. londis, 16. Longe, adj. 95, 299 ; adv. 47, 185. Lorde, sh. 5, 36, 70, &c. Lordeles, adj. = having no lord, or sovereign, 17. Losse, sh. 358. Lothe, adj. 249 ; loth, 48. Loue, sh. 36. Loue, V. tr. 14. Louely, adv. 98. Lowde, adj. 225. Lowely, adv. =z meekly, humbly, 36, 339. Low^e, 3d 2)1. pf. indie, of laje, V. intr. = laugh, 98. Lye, V. intr. 257 ; 3d sing. pf. ind. lay, 57, 207; laye, 76; id pi. ley, 98 ; imp. pt. lyyinge, 133. Lyf, «?..=: life, 17; lyfe, 112, 335. Lyfe, V. intr. = live, 54. Lyfte, V. tr. 299. Lyke, v. = like, 54 {see ^ote), 140 ; id sing. pres. ind. lykes, 134 ; lyketh, 73. Lykynge, sh. = liking, 13. Lyme, sh. = limb ; j)!. lymes, 217. 'Ljonjs, pi. of lyon ; sh. 214. 30 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Ljiiulle, adj. 242. Lyue, V. intr. = live ; 2>d sing. j)f. ind. Ijuede, S9. Lyue, sb. = life, 140. Lyuinge, adj. =z living, 256. Ly3tly, adv. — lightly, 303. Made. &ee IMake. Maden. Make, v. fr. 3rZ sing. pres. ind. maketh. 267; 3f/ sinq. j)f. made, 9, 83, 90, 135, 359; M pi. maden, 314. Man, sh. 46, 108, &c. ; manne, 29; poss. mamies, 273; pi. men, 79, 94 ; menne, 285. ManteUe, sh. 101, 105, 132. Many, adj. 31, 34, &c. Marre, sh. = mar, v. tr. 2G1, Mater, sh. :=z matter, 216. May, 1st si fig. 'pres. ind. of mowe = to be able = can, 74, 295 ; 2d nng. 50, 54 ; also niayste, 249. Mayden, sh. 368. Me, indeterm. pron. (Germ, man ; Fr. on) 30. Me, pers. pron. ohj. 70, 261. Mene, v. tr. mention ; 2>d sing. pf. ind. menede, 124. Mengynge, sh. = mingling, tmst- ing, 125. From menge, v. tr. = mix. Meruelows, adj. (used adverhiallg) 185. Merueyle, sh. 125. Mesure, sh. 171. Mete, sh. = meat, 88, 144. Moche, adj. =mnch, 9, 39, 102, 130 ; sutjstaHticely 1 184. Moder, sh. = mother, 9, 39, 59, 180, 200, 205, 209, 210. Mone, sb. = moan, 83, 136. llony,adj. 90, 124, 271. More, adj. 88, 125, 171. Morn, sb. = morning, 183. Morne, v. intr. =. mourn, 6Q. Morwe, sh. =l morrow, 172. Most, V. = must, 2d sing. ind. of mot, 50, 20G; Sdsing. 13C, 206. jSee Mote. Moste, adv. 285. Mote, 3d sing. ^n-es. sidj. of mot, 120. The word has in this phrase an optative force. See Most. Mowthe, sh. = mouth, 292. IMultiplyeth, 3d sing. p)res. ind. of multiply ; v. intr. 158. ]\Iurdered, p). pt. of murder, v. tr. 340. Murther, v. tr. 94, 129. Mv, p)Oss. p)ron. 27, 78, 82, 100, &c Mydday, sb. 205. Myle, sh. 95. Myne, j;oss. pron. 181. Mysfare, v. intr. ^ go wrong, 238. ]\Iyskarye, v. intr. = miscarry, 260. Myssede, 3d sing. pf. ind. of mysse (miss), v. tr, 83. Myjte = might, \st sing. pf. ind. of mowe, or mowen, v. 134; '6d sing. 14, 247, 363 ; 1st pi. 3. Xame, sh. 204, 270. iNay, interj. 28. I^e = not, 3, 147. Xekke, sb. 297, 337. IS'ere, p)r<^P- = near, 38. Nere, v. = ne were, 4. Neuur, adv. = never, 202, 216. :N'eythur, adv. 253 ; slh 306. No, adj. 16, 38, 77. None = ne one, 127, 216: adj. 250. GLOSSARTAL INDEX. 31 Xoryscheth, Sd sing. pres. ind. of norysch (nourish) ; v. tr. 118. Not, adv. 28. iNother, conj. = nor, 253. !N"owe, adv. 354. Now3te, sb. ■=. nought, 53. Noyse, sh. 225. N'o3t, adv. = not, 236, 295 ; no^te, 74. Xo3the, sb. — nought, 290 ; now^te, 53. !Nykke, v. tr. = refuse, contradict ; := ne (not), ikke (say) ; cognate ■with Latin Negare. With ikke compare Gothic Aikan ; Sanskrit Ah = to say, to speak ; Latin Ajo (agjo). Cp. also the Sanskrit Aham = I, with the O.E. Ic. ^N'yje, adj. =z nigh, 100. Nyjte, sh. = night, 33, 34, 161, 191. Oi,prep. 4, 10, &c. = from, out of, 287}=«^y. off, 146, 311. Ofte, adv. 3, 111. Olde, adj. 163, 227, 243, &c. On, prep. 34, 207. On, num. = one, 44, 126, 143, 249, 295, 297, 299, 357, 358 ; oon, 29, 285. One, num. 264. One, adj. = alone, 15, 19. Ones, adv. = at ones = at once, 98, 196, 272, 348. On-hy^e, adv. =. aloud, 25, 64, 106, 234, 346 ; on hy^, 81 ; on-hy = up, 326. Ony, adj. = any, 175, 273. Oo-lyuynge, adj. := everliving, eternal, 201. Oon. See On. Orysoun, sh. = prayer, 90. Other, adj. 144, 145, 296, Sic. ; othur, 159, 167, 347. Other, conj. = or (Germ, oder), 324. Ou\, poss. ];)ron. 36, 70, 93, 117. Out, /or drew, or pulled out, 146. Ouur, adv. = over, 175. Owne, 2, 14, &c. Pappe, sh. ■=. breast, 114. Paye, v. tr. = please, 65. Peces, pi. of pece (piece), 315. Pele, v. intr. smite, ' let drive,' 304. Cp. peal (of bells), sb. ; also pelt, V. Mr Skeat writes, " Per- haps this is an instance of the word Pelle, which occurs in Have- lok, and nowhere else, unless it is here. In Havelok it =: drive forth, go ; and seems to be the Lat. pellere. The line in Havelok is, ' Shal ich neuere lenger dweUe, To morwen shall ich forth jwlle.' 11. 809-10. [' I shall stay here no longer, I shall start off to-morrow ! It answers to our expression, 'go full drive.' " Place, sh. 12. Plesed, p. pt. of plese (please) ; V. tr. 274. Plukke, V. tr. 2d sinrj. imper. 304. Pore, adj. ■=. poor, 22, 26, 363. Posse, sb. Perhaps miswritten for Poste, 281. Prayde, 3c? sing. pf. ind. of pray ; V. tr. 284 ; M sing. pres. prayeth, 277. Preste, a-dj. = ready, 135. Prestly, adv. = readily, quickly, 277. Preve, v. tr. = prove, 252. Price, adj. = worthy, noble, 279. Comp. Wm. 1. 411. Prisoun, sb. 80 ; prysoun, 86. 32 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Prowde, adj. 115. Pulledde, Sf? pi. pf. of puUe ; r. tr. 327. Putte, V. tr., ^d sing. pf. ind. putte, 115 ; putt, 135. Pyne, sh. = suffering, 92. O.E. pin ; V. tr. = to make to suffer, to torment, 26. O.Yt.pinan. Pytte, sh. = pit, 63. Quod or quoth, 3tZ sing. ]if. ind. = said, 71, 99, 169, 214—216, 219, 230, 236, 242, 250, 256, 260, 288, 289, 290, 312, 328-29, 336, 352. O.E. cwa^, of Cwe'&an = to say. Qwene, sh. = queen, 8, 14, &c. Eaungcs, sb.pl. = lists, 314, 321. Cp. ' ringes ' in Sir Ef^lamore, 1. 1121, Percy folio, p. 382, vol. 2, Eaw^te (Eaught). See Eeclie. Eeasonabullye, adv, = reason- ably, 34. Eebukede, M sing. pf. of rebuke, 32. Eeclie, V. tr. = reach ; Zd sing. pres. ind. recheth, 176 ; 3a? pi. pf. rawjten, 316. Eecke, v. intr. = reck, care ; 2>d siitff. pf. ind. row^te, 177 ; 2f/ sin//. imper. rekke, 306. Eede, v. tr. = advise, 222 ; \st sing. pres. ind. rede, 169. Eedresse, v. tr. 205. Eekke. See Eecke. Eennen, v. ^Vt/?-. = run, 316 (I); imp. pt. rennynge, 113 ; 2>d pi. jf. rounen, 314, 321. Rennene, 316, may be sb. =z rennenge or running, but is more likely the verb above. Eeredde. p. pt. of rere (rear) ; V. tr. 211. Eeste, V. tr. 77 ; Id sing. imp)er. reste, 303. Eevirede, Zd sing. pf. ind. of rcAve (rue) ; ». tr. = repent, be sorry for ; used iinpersonalli/, 55 ; hym rewede = he was sorry. EewfuUe, adj. 149. Eewthe, sh. = ruth, sorrow, 102, 363. Eing, V. intr., 3d 2^1- P.f- ind. rongen, 272. Eongen. See Eing. Eowte, sh. = crowd, 287. Eow3te. See Eekke, v. intr. Eyche, adj. 271, 306, 363. Eydethe, 3d sing, jji'es. ind. of ryde (ride) ; v. intr. 341 ; rydiuge, p.pt. 228. Eyuer, sh. 198 ; ryuere, 149, 350 ; pos.i. ryueres, 132. Ey^te, adj. — right, 222, 236, 336, 352; sh. 259 ; pi. 'his ryjtes,' 283 ; adv. 32, 198, 205, 249. Ey3[t]lye, adv. = riglitly, 236. Sadde, adj. 119. Perhaps = solid, massive (Cp. Wm. 1072) ; or else, and more probably = shed (O.E. sea den, from sea dan, v. tr. Germ. scheiden). Cp. Gen. 1. 58. Saddle, sh. 293. Safe, adj. 43. Same, adj. 34. Saue, V. tr. 91 ; 3(? sing. pf. ind. saued, 91. Sauinge, sh. 194. Sawe, sh. = that which is said, tale, 162, 253. See also Se, v. tr. Sayde. See Seye. Saye. See Se, v. tr. Scharpelye, adv. 301. Schreden, v. tr. = shred, 307. Schyuered. See Shyuer. Se, V. tr. = see, 359 ; Zd sing, pres. ind. seeth, 223 ; \st sing. pf. saye, 5 ; 8ey3e, 216; 'id sinrj. sey^, 22 ; syje, 202 ; sawe, 61 340 ; 'id sing, imper. se, 26 ; used with prep. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 33 of, 65 ; 1.9^ sing. pres. sub}. 74; p. pt. sene, 53. Seclie, V. tr. = seek ; 2d sing, impflr. seche, 53 ; 3fi? si7i(/. pf. ind. sow^te, 60. Used intransitively in both places, in the sense of To be- take oneself, go. Seke, V. tr. ■=. seek, 144. Selfe, 73. Selfen or Selven = self, and selves, 20, 47. 8eluer = silver, 43 ; scluere, 125. Semelye, adj. =: seemly, 42. Sende, v. tr. Ill; 3c? sincf. j)res. ind. sendethe, 88, 118 ; sendeth, 193 ; '6d siiip. pf. sente, 46, 129, 153. Serue, v. tr., intransitivehj = be of use, 202 ; M sing. pres. ind. seruethe, 218 ; p. pf. serued, 47 ;= Aeserwe, p. pt. serued, 186' seru- ethe, 194. Seruyse, sh. = pay for service, 178. Setlien. See Sythea Sette, V. tr. = set, 73. Seuenetb, adj. = seventh, 42. Seuenne, numeral adj. = seven, 61. Sex, numeral adj. =. six, 42, 144, 347. See also Six. Sexte, rd pi. j>f- ^''^'^• shoken, 356. Shalle, V. \st sing. 2-)res. ind. 75, 78, 139, 212, 239, 261, 288, 299, 330 ; M sing, shalt, 54, 80, 238, 260 5 id sing. pf. sholde, 94, 129. 202, 224, 282'; shulde, 37, 96, 103,191; 3^/;;/. sholde, 12. Shanke, sh., 2)1. shankes, 326. She,2)ers. })ron. 10, 26, &c. Shelde, sh. = shield, 281, 298, 331. Shene, adj. = shining, beautiful, 8 ; sheene, 298. Shoken. See Shake, v. tr. Sholde = should. See Shalle. Sholder, sh. 222, 334. Shrykede, Sd sing. if. ind. of shryke (shriek), 81. Shulde = should. See Shalle. Shylde, v. tr. = shield, 298. Shyuer, v. tr. = smash, splinter ; id pi. pf. ind. shyuereden, 315 ; p. pi. schyuered, 301. Shyuereden. See Shyuer. Six, numeral adj. 164, 193. See Sex. Sixte, adj. = sixth, 369. See also Sexte. Skape, V. intr. = escape, 127. Sklawndered, p. 2)f. of sklawnder (slander) ; v. tr. = defame, accuse, 234. Skorne, sh. 264. Skylfully, adv. 47. Slepte, 3d sing. pf. ind. of sleep , V. intr. 192. Slongen, 3d pi. pf. ind. of sling ; V. tr. = to throw, 86 ; perhaps in- volving the idea of letting down by ropes ; as we sling horses in a transport-ship, or as we suspend an arm in a sling. Slyppe, V. intr. =z slip, 52. Small, adj. 307, 330. Smerte, sh. ■= smart, 308. Smertlye, adv. = smartly, sharply, 318. It is miswritteu smerlge in the MS. 34 GLOSSARTAL INDEX. Smyte, v. ir., 2d sing. X)f. hid. smote, 146, 31 S; Zd i^l. smoten, 327 ; U sing, imper. smyte, 311. So, adv. 31, 70, 74, 103. Sokour, sh. r=. succour, 111. Somme, adj. =. some, 111. Soinmene, v. ir. = summon, 187. Sonde, sb. that which is sent, gift, 3G. Sone, sb. := son, 65, 78, 209, 347 ; Sonne, 184, 211. Soone, adv. 128, 208; sone, 105, 260-61. Sorowefulle, adj. 91. Sonve, sb. ■= sorrow, 9 ; sorowe, 39, 78, 99, 359. Sothe, s&. = truth, 18, G7, 131, 133, &c. Sounde, adj. 43. Sowke, r. tr. = suck, 115 ; z???j?. pi. sowkynge, 61. SoAvjte. See Seche, v. Speche, sb. 286. Speke, V. intr. 249 ; 3fZ sing. pres. ind. 252. Spere, sb. = spear, 263, 315. Spin, V. intr. = rush quickly ; Zd siiiff. pres. indie, spynnethe, 331. It is still used colloquially. Spring, V. intr., 3tZ sing, pf- ind. spronge, 331. Spronge. See Spring. Spynnethe. See Spin. Statfe, sb. 220. Stalworth, adj. =. stalwart, strong, 320. Btand, V. intr., Zd pi. pf. ind. stodcn, 147. Stere, v. intr. = stir, move, 147. Sterte, v. intr. = start ; Sd pi pres. indie, sterten, 356 ; M pi. pf. styrte, 326. Steuenne, sb. = voice, 106, 149. Stoden. See Stand. Straw3te. See Stretch. Stretch, v. intr., 3d p>l. pf. ind. straw^te, 220. Strike, v. tr., 3d sing. pres. ind. stryketh, 333 ; also intransitively =: go ; as we say, ' to strike across a field,' 229. Stroke, sb. 333 ; pi. strokes, 298. Stryketh. See Strike. Styffe, adj. 241. Styked, 3d sing. pf. ind. of stick ; V. intr. 241. Stylle, adj. 147, 169. Styrte. See Sterte. Suche, adj. 202, 249, 264. Sue, V. tr. = follow ; 3d sing, pres. ind. suwetlie, 221 ; sueth, 230. Sum, adj. = some, 57. Swanne, sb. 148, 198, 350, 356, 358, 362. Swerde, s&. = sword, 138, 146, 304, 306-7, 327-8. Swete, adj. 44. ^vfoxn, p. pt. of swear; v. tr. 236. Swyche, adj. = such, 49, 103, 139. Swyde for Swythe, adv. = quick- ly, 158. Swyfte, adv. 113. Swymmen, 3d pi. pf. ind. of swym (swim), 198, 350 ; M sing, pres. swymmethe, 362. Swyre, sb. = neck (O.E. sweora)y 44, 126. Syde, sb. 187. Syken, v. intr. =io sigh; 3d sing. pres. ind. syketh, 66 ; Zd sing. pf. sykede, 25. Syker, adj., used adverbially = surely, 122. Synne, sb. = sin, 250. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 35 Sythen (Sitlien) = since, then, 13, 25, 53, 64, 199 ; sethen, IIG. Sytte, V. intr. 22, 293. Sy3e. See Se, v. tr. Syjte, sb. = sight, 122, 188. Taber, sb. = tabor, 226. Take, v. tr. = betake, commend, 104 ; also in its usual sense, 262 ; 2d sing, imper. 300 ; 3^ sing. pres. ind. taketh, 116 ; takethe, 63, 150 ; \st sing. pf. toke, 167 ; 2f/ sing. tokest, 237; 3f/ sing, toke, 159, 173, 229; Zdpl. 355; token, 226; ;;. pt. taken, 234. Tale, sb. 55. Taw3te, p. pt. of teche (teach), 312, 336. Telle, V. tr., \st sing, j^res. ind. 162 ; M sin//, tellethe, 7, 270 ; Sd sing. pf. tolde, 123, 347. Tere, sb. = tear ; pi. teres, 24. Terme, sb. 140. ]5anke, sb. = 194. Thanke, v. tr., 3d sing. pf. ind. thanked, 339 ; f^ankede, 36. Jjanne, adv. = then, at that time, 73, 210. )5at, «ri. = the, 159, 296, 322, 366; rel. pron. 3, 4; dem. pron. 18, 27, &c. ; by ]>at, 248, 345 = by that time ; con). 16, 26, &c. The, art. 7, 11, 17, &c. The, joers. pron. obj. = thee, 1 8, 65, 73, 77—79, 134, 139-40, 169, 184, 230, 237, 261, 311, 312, 336. The, j?era. pron. = they, 220, 274. Jjecler, adv. = thither, 265. Thefe, sb. 141, 199, 351. Thei, pers. pron. See They. Thenke, w. = think, 30, 249 (Cp. Wm. 4908); Germ, denken ; 2d sing. pf. ind. thowste, 40, 207, 250, 264. )5enne, conj. = than, 1 25 ; adv. = when, 143;= at that time, 24, 41, 63, 67, &c. ; ere thenne, 330 = before the time when ; by thenne, 143 = by that time; = thence, 248. )5erby, adv. = near there, 265, Jjere, adv. 13, 31, 87;== where, 76, 96, 121, 142, 362. Therfore, adv. = on that account, 136. J5erin, adv. 52, 247. Jperof, adv. 115. J5erupon, adv. 282. pese, dem. ptron. pi. 93, 179, &c. ])Qj, pers. pron. pi. 12, 19, &c. ; thei, 326. See also The. This, dem. pron. 5, 92 ; er ]?is, 70 = before now. Thoo, adv. = then, at that time, 339. }5orow, prep. = through, 95, 170. Jjou, pers. pron. 50 — 54, &c. ; thow, 80, 251. )3owghe, conj. = though, 100. Thow3te. See Thenke. Thrydde, adj. = third, 367. j5us, adv. 89, 118. ))y, poss. pron. 65, 73. Thykke, adj. == thick (closely covered), 294. Thylle, conj. = tiU, 96. Thynge, sb. 30, 202. To, prep. 16, 17, &c. Togedere, adv. = together, 20, 314 ; togedur, 327. Toke Token Topseyle, adv. = headlong, 320. See Note. Towarde, prejx 33, 93, 109, 341. Towre, sb. 280. Trewe, adj. = true, 48, 69. Trist, V. tr. = trust ; Sd sing. pf. ind. triste, 49 ; truste, 285. See Take. 36 r.LOSs.vni.vL ixdex. TroMrthe, sb. = triitli, 175. 1 Trumpe, sb. = trumi)et, 226. Truss, V. tr. to remove (Cotgrave, trousser, to trusse, tuck, packe, bind, or gird in, pluck, or twitch up) ; 'id smg. pres. vid. trussethe, 327. Truste, v. tr. Sd sing. pf. ind. 285. TiyfuUe, v. intr. = trifle, 48. Tumbledde, M pi. pf. ind. of tumble ; v. intr. 320. Turne, sb. in a good sense (as we say, ' to do one a good turn '), 139 ; in a bad sense, trick, wile, 257. Turne, v.. tr., ?>d sing. pres. ind. turneth, 262 ; M sing. pf. turned, 24, 341 ; intr. M pres. ind. 104, 150; 'id pi. turnen, 355, 357; 'id sing. pf. turnede, 123 ; \st pi. iniper. turne, 93. Twelfe, numeral adj. 243. Tweyne, numeral adj. = two, twain, 29, 84. Two, numeral adj. 23, 27, &c. ; in two, 334. Twynleng, sb. = a little t\vin, 27. Tydynge, sb. 59 ; pi. tydynges, 58. Tylle, conj. 310. Tymber, sb. 317. Tyme, sb. = time, 37, 55, 243. TjTaunte, sb. = wicked, or evil man, 84. In AUit. tlie people of Sodom are called tyrants, B. 943. Tyte, «cZ/". = quick, 139. It is used here adverbially. Tjiilye, adv. = quickly, 84. Unbounden, p. pt. of unbind ; V. tr. 345. Unbrente, adj. = unburnt, 185. Under, adv. 21. Undo = undone, p. jJt- of undone, V. tr. == undo, 105. Unsemelye, adj. 30. Unto, j|>)rej?. 90. Unwerkethe, adj. = unworked, 175. V^,prep. 64, 81, 97, &c. Upon, prep. 19, 213, 222, 236, 281; = with, 3G1. Valwe, sb. = value, 329. "Wakynge, imj'). p>t. of wake ; v. intr. 207. Walle, sb. 19, 349. Ware, adj. 122. Warne, v. tr. 190. "Was, M sing. pf. ind. of be, 5, 6, &c. Water, sb. 355, 362 = a piece of water, 51, 96. We, pers. pron. lA. 3, 92, 302. Wedde, v. tr. = bet, pledge, 27 ; p. pt. wedded = married, 69. Wede, sb. = dress, clothing, 119 : pi. wedes. Wele, ad pi. 31; used for wast, Sr^ sing. pf. itid. 237 ; 'M pi. pf. bid. weren, 121. Weren, v. 2!r. = defend (O.E. tce- rian; Germ, wehren) ; Msing.pres. ind. wereth, 2. Werke, sh. = work, 2, 170, 330 (Germ, werke). Werke, v. ^r. = work, 78, 182 (0. Germ, iceiken). Werue, v. tr. = deny, refuse (O.E. wi/rnaii), 56, 72. "Wesselle, sh. = vessel ; or else silver plate. Fr. vaisselle, 156. "Wex, V. intr. = to Avax, to grow ; Zd sing. pres. indie, wexeth, 158; pf. wexedde, 166. Wey, sh. = way, 220. Wey3te, sh. = weight, 155. "What, rel.pron. 56 ; interrog. 74. Wheipe, sh. 61 ; welpe, 63. Whenne, adv. = when, 1, 12, &c. Where, adv. 12 ; interrog. 82. Whyie, adv. 273 ; whyles, 145 ; whylle, 117 ; sb. 286. Whyte, adj. 281. With, prep. 2, 28, &c. ; withe, 14, 23, &c. ; wyth, 99. Witty, adj. = cheerful (?), 35. Wo, sh. 343. Wolle, V. ; 1st sing. pres. ind. 244; 3^ sing. 252; 2d sing, wolt, 72 ; 'Sd sing. pf. ind. wolde, 30, 41, 56, 117, 164, '276. See Wylle. Womman, sh. = woman, 22, 26, 38 ; pi. wymmen, 29. Wondrethe, 3d sing. pres. ind. . of wonder ; v. ititr. 184. Wonnen. See Wynne, v. tr. Woode, sh. 113; wode, 119, 143, 215. Worde, sh. 193, 207, 349 ; pi. worthes, 32. Worlde, 6-&. 112, 180, 184. Worse, adj. 244. Worthes. See Word. Wrake, sh. = punishment, 72. It is coupled with wrech = venge- ance, in Gen. 552. Wrecche, sh. = ^v^etch, 71. Wrecched, adj. = wretched, 77. Wronge, sh. 245 ; adj. nsed ad- verbiidlg = wrongly, 170, 197, 349. Wrow^te = wrought, Zd sing. pf. ind. of work, 119. Wryten, p. pt. of wryte ; v. tr. 282. Wyfe, s&. =. wife, 69, 162, 169, 196. Wylde, adj. 214. Wyle, sh. = wi]e, 182. Wylle, sh. = wm, 1, 79, 181, &c. Wylle, V. ; 1st sing. pres. ind. 128, 261 ; 2d sing. 290 ; 2d sing. wylt, 260. See Wolle. Wynne, v. tr. = win ; p. pt. won- nen, 170 ; 3f/ sing. pres. ind. wyn- nethe = getteth, taketb, 337; thus miners speak of winning or getting out ores, or coals. Wyse, sh. = wise, manner, 156. Wyste. See Wytte. Wyte, V. tr. = blame, 136. \ Wytte, V. tr. ^ know ; 2d sing, imper. 195 ; 2d sine/, pf. ind. wysste, 35 ; '6d pi. pf wyste, 274; 2d sing, pf subj. 186. Yen, sh. = eyen, eyne or eyes, 135, 323, 332. Yf, conj. = if, 54. Yle, sh. = isle, 5. Yren, sh. = iron, 290. 3afe, 3d pi. pf. ind. of give, 271. 3ate, sh. = gate, 22. 3e = yea, 212, 302. 3elde, -v. /r. = yield, 335, 336. See Note. 49423 38 3ere, sb GLOSSARIAL INDEX. year, 89, 213. 3oiider, adj. (preceded "by an article) = yonder, 26 ; ^ondur, 232; jondere, 233 ; adv. 198, 350. 3onge, adj. = young, 81, 242, 251, 345. 3osken, v. intr. = to hiccough, to sob; 'id pi. pf. ind. joskened, 108. 3ou, j:)er5. yroii. ohj. ^ you, 100. 3yf,co;y. = if, 235. 3yfte, s&. = gift, 271. 3ys = yes, 309. RICIIAUD CLAY & SONS, IIMITED, LONDON & BUNO*.y. 31 SS. and Books that Editors are wanted for. 11 Among the MSS. and old books which need copying or re-editinj ORIGINAL SERIES, English Inventories and otlier MSS. in Canterbury Cathedral (:Jth Report, Hist. JISS. Com.). Maumetrie, from Lord Tollemache's MS. The Romance of Troy. Harl. 525. Biblical MS., Corpus Cambr. 434 (ab. 1375). Purvey's Ecclesie Regimen, Cot. Titus D 1. Hampole's imprinted Works. }f>e Clowde of Unknowyng, from Harl. MSS. 2373, 959, Bibl. Reg. 17 C 26, &c. Univ. Coll. Oxf. 14. A Lanterne of Li3t, from Harl. MS. 2324. Soule-hele, from the Vernon MS. Lydgate's unprinted Works. Boethius de Consol. ; Pilgrim, 1426, &c. &c. Vegetius on the Art of War. (Magd. Oxf. 30, .fee.) Early Treatises on Music : Descant, the Gamme, &c. Skelton's englishing of Biodorus Siculus. The Nightingale and other Poems, from MS. Cot. Calig. A 2, Addit. MS. 10,036, &c. Boethius, in prose, MS. Auct. F. 3. 5, Bodley. Penitential Psalms, by Rd. Slaydenstoon, Brampton, iis Oxf. 155, LaudG.12,Thoresby 530, Harl. 2250, art. 20. EXTRA SERIES. Erie of Tolous. Ypotis. Sir Eglamoure. Emare. Lyrical Poems, from the Harl. MS. 2253. Le Morte Arthur, from the unique Harl. 2252. Sir Tristram, from the unique Auehinleck MS. Miscellaneous Miracle Plays. Sir Gowther. Dame Siriz, &c. Orfeo (Digby, 86). Dialogues between the SoiU and Body. Barlaam and Josaphat. Amis and Amiloun. Ipomedon. Sir Generides, from Lord Tollemache's MS. The Troy-Book fragments once cald Barbour's in the Cambr. Univ. Library and Douce MSS. Gower's Confessio Amantis. Poems of Charles, Duke of Orleans. Carols and Songs. Songs and Ballads, Ashmole MS. 48. The Siege of Rouen, from Harl. MSS. 2256, 753, Eger- ton 1995, Bodl. 3562, E. Museo 124, &c. Octavian. Ywain and Gawain. Libeaus Desconus. Avnturs of Arther. Avowyng of King Arther. Sir Perceval of Gallas. Sir Isumbras. Partonope of Blois, Univ. Coll. Oxf. 188,