UC-NRLF B 4 D33 lis CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE TOGETHER WITH A PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM Uf A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF Princeton University IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF doctor of philosophy (department of classics) BY JOHN BARTHOLOMEW O'CONNOR CHICAGO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 1908 •^jA-> Cdptrioht 1908 Bt John Babtbulomew O'Connor Published September 1908 < onipoMi»l I'llnUd lly Th« rnUvrtllj of <'hlc«/u,b)So9. 3. dywvtCTTr/s, dywvti^ea^ai, (rvvaycaviCTTTjs, 7rp(DTaya)vt(rT7;s, SeuTcpaycoi/i- Crr^S, TpLTayOiVKTTTj^. 4. €7rtSei'/blig«'d to de[)end on the rec«jrds of actors for information on at least the external history of the drama after the close of the clas- sical period, while the serviceable treatise of Volker has con- tributed not a little to our understanding of the classical drama. In drawing up the list, accordingly, the writer has endeavored to make it as complete as possible and practicable, both as to indi- viduals and as to the ascertainable facts concerning them. A good deal that is new will be found in the list, including some restora- tions of iuscri[)tions. The study of the technical terms employed to designate the actor and his function was found to be necessary for the sake of gaining a clear conception of the history and meaning of each term, and partly in order that the confusion regarding some of them that has arisen in recent years might be dissipated. The publication of Wilhelm's important work and the discussions to which it has given rise have rendered unnecessary a large part of the chapter on the Athenian actors' contests as originally outlined. We have accordingly confined ourselves here to a brief presenta- tion of the facts which have been established by others, discussing at length only the still uncertain date of the introduction of the comic actors' contest into the City Dionysia. In the second chapter souu' data are brought together which bear on the sub- ject of tile specialization of actors after the fourth century. Acknowledgments are due to all my predecessors in tliis tiekl of study. espt»cially to Vftlkor, RtMsch, and Wilhelm; others are mentioned in the notes anil references. it is ji pleasure to expre.'ss my indebtedness to my various teachers, Professors Shorey and Hah^ of tli«< Tniversity of Chicago; Professor Flendrickson of Yale University, formerly of the I'niversity of Chicago; and. of Princeto!! riiiversity, Professors Capps and Abbott, formerly of the University of Chicago, West and Westcott. During a year in Athens it was my privilege to attend the lectures of Professors Dorpfeld, Schrader, and Wilhelm. But my especial thanks are due to Professor Capps, through whose teaching I became inter- ested in this field of work and without whose constant sympathy, inspiration, and aid this study would hardly have been successfiilly prosecuted. In the third chapter especially and in establishing the chronology of the persons mentioned in the Victors'-lists I have found his intimate knowledge of the inscriptional documents indispensable. J. B. O'Connor Adelphi College Brooklyn, N. Y. CHAPTER 1 TERMINOLOGY The terms which we shall discuss iu the present chapter are: (1) viroKpirrjf; and VTroKpLveadai; (2) Tpayw86, 422 B.C. (Appendix, No. 41), was in both official and popular use at the time of the first estab- lishment of the actors' contest. From this time forth, as the Attic literature becomes more extensive and varied, the specialized UB«» of these words f(jr the actor and his work is illustrated by an increasint^ number of instances, too numerous to catalogue.' Throughout the fifth and fourth centuries these words have no real rivals. The noun occurs either alone or qualified by the adjectives rpayiKot and kw^ilko^ or by the corresponding nouns. We may note at this point two facts that are to be observed: ( 1 ) So far as we can determine, inroKpirrj<; is used indiscrimi- nately for any actor in a play without regard to his relative rank or importance, though in later times there was a tendency (below, pp. off.) to use another term for the leading actor of a trouj)e. leaving viroKpiTJ]^ for the subordinate actor. (2) As vTTOKpiveaOai ilescribed more particularly the function of an actor in a l>lay, so it could be used also to describe the function of the chorus when the latter took part in the action.^ When Aristotle' says that the chorus ought to take part in the action as an actor, he is enal)led to em[)hasize the point which he wishes to make through th«' very fact that inroKpiv€.-t ii.~»« itt vitoKpiaa iit a ti-chuical nionuiiiK seems to bo in tho »>ssuy on th^ SitfthmU of .\lcicinmnH of Klnrn, th" i>ii|>il of (ior»:ias (Hlnss Antiplum, p. 19S), wlioro he illiiMtrnt<>!t tlip procisioii nml |H>lish of n spooch (l from mpiiiory by reforcnco to the actor mill rhapMMlist. 'Aritttotlt' Poet, U.'iil b 2.*> : to ciri rqt aidirqc Kai rtuf viroitpiTiiif m vtroxpirai includes all tho participants in tho (irniiiutic nclion. as Flickint;or has shown in The Mean- ing of «»i rijt irmijrii^, itc. (ChlonKO. tflOL'). who citos also Pll»t. Symi>. VMh ^icra twk urocpirvr, wlnun |>riibal)ly all Ajtathon's prrforniors, chorus a>. woll as uctors, wor« incluiioii in the pbraso, and tho Into acholiuni to Aosch. .l(/(im. 1347 (i>. :I1U iu Wockloin's tnUtion), wti-T.««.. l<«a tiffif oi roil rpaytaou \opoi> ifvoxpirai. * Poet, 14«'i6<> i6: «o« Tbi- x^P^" *« •••" '•' wiroAaStiV riif uwo*piri>r, «at .... avvayin^tatai. TERMINOLOGY 6 not invented to designate the actor and his work at a time when the actor's function had just become sufficiently differenti- ated to demand a specific terminology. On the contrary, the Athenians took words which were already in use in an untechni- cal meaning — words which seemed to them adequately to describe the part which the actor took in the production of a tragedy. In the course of time these terms become so closely associated with the drama that they came to be less frequently employed in the old literal and metaphorical meanings than in the meaning which they had acquired through this association. In time the original meaning disappeared altogether, except perhaps in some of the dialects, and the derivative meanings which came into use were based upon the dramatic and not upon the original signification. The original meaning of viroKpiveaOai has been the subject of much discussion and of widely divergent views. On the whole, however, the stemma of meanings set up by G. Curtius' seems to be as near the truth as it is possible to get with the evidence we have. It has the further merit of being in accord with the unani- mous testimony of the ancient scholars^ who discussed the origin of the term as applied to dramatic action. According to Curtius the two original meanings are (1) "interpret" and (2), "follow immediately upon" in conversation (m certando sirccedere). The former meaning, found in Homer, always persisted but suffered no further development. The latter, however, from the simple meaning (a) "answer," also found in Homer, came to be applied (6) to the dramatic "answerer" who took up the words of the chorus and responded to them {^airoKpi- veardai tt/oo? tov x°P°^'> ^^ a group of ancient writers explain ) ; thence (c) the technical meaning "act" or play a role, and then the derived meanings (cZ) "dissemble," "play the hypocrite," and (e) "recite" or "declaim" in a dramatic manner. vvoKpLvea-dai 1 Abh. d. k. sacks. Ges. d. Wiss. zu Leipzig, Phil.-hist. Kl. Ill, pp. 148 ff., and Rhein. Mus. XXIII (1868), pp. 255 ff. His view was opposed by Summerbrodt Rhein. Mus. XX (1867), p. 510= Scaejuca, pp. 259 ff. (cf. also ibid., pp. 285 ff.), who insisted on "interpret" as the origi- nal meaning. For the literature in general see A. Muller Bilhnenalt., pp. 170 f., to which add Heimsoeth De voce ujroKptTrjs, index, schol. Bonn., 1873. Heimsoeth's main thesis was that in the scholia to the dramatic poets vTro/cpir^s occurs in the sense of " grammaticus; " but his view is apparently not now accepted by anyone. 2 Collected by Curtius Abh., loc. cit., pp. 149 ff. 4 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE in the meaning "answer"' is used by Herodotus and by Hi[)- pocrates. It seems to have survived longer, before being dis- placed by cnroKpiveadac when the former had become specialized, in Ionia than in Attica, as one would ex|)ect, and though it is so used a few times by Attic writers, yet it was probably felt by them to have an archaic tiavor.' As inroKpiri]ndix). In Athens after the actors' contests were established the reference is always to the one actor in each play who was competitor for the prize, and outside of Athens, in the period of the guilds, to the rex ({regis or the leading member of the troupe of actors who pre- sented the play. So the Attic Didascaliae TO. II U73, 974, \)lo regularly report, after the name of the play, vTre^Kpt'vero) 6 Belua; and ill tlif last line of each year-list of the Fasti /(/. II •J71, inro- KpiTi}Twidi>'4' iictor, as lhi» xclioliusts nsnort, who idoiitify him with ('<<|ihi)u>|>hoii, tht* douhio nuuiiiint; wns niniiifcsl ; if, however, this is inoroly the fancy t>f the ronimentators and the •Slave wan neither Cephisoiihon nor anartor of Kuripides, the word iimoipinaSoi, which uavo ri.io til thin interpretation, was used for jmratraKic elli-ci. Tho latter allernativo is tho moro Iinibahle. .So in Aristoph. fratj. .'iJJS K., K.>ck rixhlly d. fendtxl i'ir««p«i»To Iwceuso of the mniiifei.t pnrixiy of trntcic diction. TEEMINOLOGY 5 protagonist, as the corresponding entry in the Didascaliae shows, v7roKpiTr)<; 6 Selva iviKa. Through the establishment of the usage just described, the leading actor in a play, or the actor who, by virtue of recognized position, took part in a dramatic contest only as a competitor for the actors' prize, easily came to be spoken of as the v7roKpiT^hoi in the Fasti, therefore, tells us clearly that old plays were brought out by rpaywhoi and Kcop-cpSoi, while the Didascaliae show us that each year a single Tpaywh6<; or K(op.a)86r pace 0, as C'apps^ has shown. The orator refers to the bad advice on jM)litical matters, given by Neoptolemus 6 imoKpnrjfi, to which the Atlu'nians had listened. He goes on to say that he could blame no one but the Athenians for this, "for if you had been witnessing tragic performances in the theater (Tpay(pho\s idiaadi) instead of to a debate on matters of the high»'st innH»rt io the state, you would not have listened to him with favor nor to me with aversion."^ It is clear that Deuiostiieiies has in mind here, not the dramatic spectacle as a wliolc, nor the tragic poets in particular, when he uses rpay^how, but that lu' is contrasting > Wi> hnvn no riKht to asDume, with Wilholm Vrk., pp. 28 f., that from these dnt«s on the rcproiltictioii of old plnys was "oocnsionnl." All the evidence which we possess indicates thiit ihix event, whiut this. ^AJI'. XXIX (190B). pp. 206 Cr. i('f. the Hcholiu.HtM |iaraphraMt, " yoii liHt«'ueil to Net>ptoleiiui- with fuviT, rharniey his voice." TERMINOLOGY i the rivalry of Neoptolemus and himself before the people as pleaders in a political cause with their possible rivalry as actors competing for the prize to be awarded to the best protagonist. While Demosthenes lays claim to superior consideration as a statesman, he readily concedes the pre-eminence of Neoptolemus in his own sphere, the theater. In the entirely formal phrase of Demosthenes, therefore, with its usual meaning "tragic perform- ances," we see for the first time in literature the beginning of the specialization in the meaning of rpajcp86rformance, '3. tragedy or the tragii- stage, comedy or tlu* <'omic stage." In conclusion, after present- ing an exttMisivt* collection of material, he makes the following I Thi« law of LycurKU.i (piiBsod beforo ;C5) o.stnbH.sliiiiK a contest at tlio Chytri is cmIWhI by tlio nutlior of \'it. X. Drat. KM f & votioK irtpi rwf K-n^iiv, nud nuMyAot refers hero to pro- tniriiiitsl*, US Kdhiin nlisorvi'il ; hoo b«»low, p. .V>. TERMINOLOGY 9 statements as suggestions: "1. that there is no evidence for the sense of either actor or poet in good Attic of the fifth and fourth centuries; 2. that outside Attica towards the end of that time and onwards there is evidence for actor, but not of a quite clear and conclusive kind, and that conclusive evidence does not appear until the first century after Christ, though we need not doubt that the sense existed earlier; 3. that the sense of poet is not found till at any rate the second century of our era and perhaps not so soon." As an inference from his main conclusions Richards suggests that TpajoySof and KO}fjt,Q)86t;uo!* of Dolos - this Broiip OoiiHtittitiiiK thu nioHl iiiiiMirtiiiil iii8cri|>ti(>iiHl oviilcti'. Iinvo hooii dorivi'd from n |>ini«r<<|>ar«f.---iT i'ni>i>-. TERMINOLOGY 11 bitions under the general heading oJfSe rj'ycivlaavTo top a'ywva toov '2(OTr]pi(ov. The tragic performers are mentioned by name, under the sub-heading rpajcpSoi in groups of three, each group having its flute-player and didascalus. Similarly for comedy — K(ofx,(p8oi in groups of three with flute-player and teacher. After the KcofjLwSoL follow the members of the comic chorus, seven in number, and without teacher or flute-player. It is certain that the rpajoySoi and KcofiwSoL mentioned in each group are not actor-managers, but all the actors employed. This is shown by the headings and by the character of the inscriptions in detail.' Again, the unvarying number of three actors is signifi- cant." In this respect the Delphic lists are unlike the Delian, where the number of rpwycpSoi and Kco/iaySoi varies greatly ; in a later Soteric inscription but one Kcop.wSo'i is recorded, Baunack 2569. Richards, however, is of the opinion that the three rpaymSoi and the three KcofxcpSoi are vocalists merely, rather than actors proper. He argues thus in substance: The function of the didas- calus was confined to teaching the chorus singing and dancing. Now since there was no tragic chorus, as he assumes with Ltiders and A. Mtiller, the didascalus mentioned each time with the rpa S' e'xwv xopoy olKoBev iJKets, of one who gathered a chorus as if he were a TpaywSds or xopauAjjs. 12 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE went with the ko)^(i)8oi at Delos, then the comic choreutae men- tioned in the Delphic lists went with the KcofiqySoi, tiute-player, and teacher there also, and we are obliged to assume that the per- formances in both cases were of the same character as those which are evidenced in the Athenian inscriptions of the same epoch, viz., dramatic. As for the tragic chorus at Delphi, although the lists give the names of no persons under the head of ;i^o/)€tTat rpayiKoi, yet the rpaytpSoi here as at Delos may have been furn- ished with choruses, either the comic choreutae assuming this function, as in the day of Aristotle,' or else the dvSp€<; ^^opevrat' or Xopol dvSpcov, as Jan and A. KOrte suppose.^ We may add that, since no poets are mentioned in the Soteric lists, old plays were probably brought out there. We chance to know that the Heracles of Euripides, which surely demanded a chorus, was jn-rformed at this festival during the third century {BCH. XVII, 1893, p. 15). The correct understanding of these lists, to which Richards appeals in support of his new theory, seems to be, that there was a dramatic chorus, certainly for comedy^ and in all probability for tragedy also; that the three Tpa7Q)8ot' and the three /cw/iojSoi'were the actors of these tragedies and comedies; and that the function of the didascalus was still, as it ever had been, to train the chorus as well as tiie actors, i. e., he was the manager of the jx>rformance. The Delian inscriptions, unlike the four great Soteric cata- logues, mention oidy the leaders of the dramatic troupes. The Tpay^Boi find /ctoftwSot' mentioned in them are actor-managers. We have seen that this was true in the case of Dracon. Again, in some of till' years the number of rpaycpSot or Kcoficp8oi is less than thre(>. In the I)(>lian list of 201 B.C., />V 7/. VII (l!SS8). p. 118. Eudenius, the only Kcop.(p86i>«<>>'. ot« ii rpayixbr irtpov tlyai ^anfv, ritv avritf iroAAa may cite finally a (l(M-nM' of th(> Dionysiac guild of Ptole- nuiis of the middle of the third century. It is an honorary decree signed by the members of the guild. The names of the actor- «'Ienient are arranginl as follows: 1 Tpay(t)B6 Kwufphoi, 4 avv- ayoivia-Tal rpayiKoi (see btlow, j). 2U), 1 ')(opoSi8d LQdara Dion. KQiuit., p. 121. mxi Mnllor Hiilnttntilt.. |>. asK. 'Which pn- rnlUH. A. Mnllor, p. 2M, n. .'», nud p. 408, thinks of tho thoatro-scrvnntii rnthor than of tho nub«*rdinato aoturs. TERMINOLOGY 15 elude that this chib was able to furnish one company of tragic actors and six companies of comic actors. The lacuna of seven lines is significant. A. Korte N. Jahrb.f. klass. Alt. Ill (1900), p. 86, n. 5, thinks that the names of seven choreutae were written here. In that case the number of the chorus would be the same as that of the comic chorus at Delphi in the middle of the third century, and the choreutae formed both the comic and the tragic chorus. Where the terms Tpay(j)86<;, Koo/jLO)S6tAo(cpdTi)? @eodvTOV 0r)^a^os, | (CWfiwfitas vraAaca? iiTTO/cptTijs • | Zwt'Aos Ziot'Aov SvpaKocrios, | TpayiaSia^ Kaii'ijs TrotrjT^? • | IIpuiTapxo! 'AvTi/j-evov^ 0r)Paio5, i UTroKpiT/js- | tAo- (cpaTT)? ©eoc/xii'Tou ©rj^aios, | KW/iACf)6ias Kaivri^ TTOirjTrjs- | Xioj'I'tjs Aio-yeiTaJi'5oii ©rj/Saios, | UTroicptTij? ■ | noAvfei/os 'AvSpvTa 'Ottoiji'tios. One other agonistic inscription of this class, IG. VII 1760 (Thespiae) is formulated in this way. Usually instead of uiroKptTi)? n-aAaias TpayiaSia's (kw^ku- &w) we have simply rpaywSds (/cio/otoiSds), e. g., IG. VII 3197 (Orchomenus) : KidapM^ ■ | Ar)p.ri. Tpios Ilapfj.€VLOKAe'ovs 'A^rji/aios, | UTrOKptT^s • | Kapipi^os ®eoSu)pov ©rj^aio?, | woiijTr)? kui/jluSluiv • \ 'AAe'f ai-Spos 'ApiffTiw^'OS 'Ad-qvalo^, | vnoKpLTrj^ ■ | 'AttoAos 'ArriAov 'Aerivalo^, In one inscription, IG. VII 1773 (Thespiae), we find in 1. 22 the pleonastic expression rpayiuSd? n-aAoia? TpaycuSios. In 1. 20, on the other hand, Lolling reports -12 va. Aaias /ciofxcuSi'as, which Dittenberger naturally restored [uTroKptrJr;?, etc. All previous editors omit the line entirely, but BOckh conjecturally restored [/cw/acuSo? TraAata? Kw/ucoSi'a?]. If Lolling is right, the inconsistency of usage is to be noted; but probably the scribe wrote KujiiiaSoi as he did rpaiywSo'; in 1. 22. IG HISTORY OF ACTOBS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE We uiay now consider the use of Tpa-ycohdv and KQ)fiQ)8a)v as headings in the Athenian Fasti, IG. II 971. Under these head- ings in each year-list we find recorded the choregus and poet (as didascalus) and after the establishment of the actors' contest also the protagonist. Similar genitives are used for the dithyrambic victors, viz., the tribes, but here not as headings but as a part of the entry, e. g., OlmjU iraiBou. But doubtless this is simply a difference in the order of words, the purpose being to save space, and does not signify a diflFerent construction of the genitive. The simplest exi)lanati(m of these genitives is to regard them as [)artitive. depending on the ol'Be vepiKr^Kaaiv oi the general heading of the Fasti, so that the year-list of the year 421, for example, would read:' "Etti 'AAxat'ov (iviKUiv)- 7rut8*«»»' (xopo^ • fiKa, y) I EupvicA«i£>)f 'X°P'rt'^ I Kin^poi'iot iSiiaaKtv, \ rpayifSuiv (^opbt iviKa, i^) \ Bti-onA^t 'Ai^i- iva{loi) ixopny^t I AiaxwAot i6i6a, and llio chorus is not niontionod at all. Fiirth<>r, iu tho Victors'-lists tho liondiiiK of thi- socf ion for trawic ixx-ts is (i;«aO woirrii- Tpayi.wF. iiothn mif4Uiidor->taiids Arist. A'oot) comi>otod, as tho h»irsos woro tho moans by which tho chariotoor c<>MHM>t« his chorUH as such, but to himsolf. »A.s i.s priivi'd l)y thi- clioroKic inscrijitions, o. k., Hi. II r.'47, Hp«iriAAo« .... ai.Ci)*.!' TERMINOLOGY 17 pany, and yet was one of the competitors for the prize given to the choregus of the company which should win the approval of the judges, that, in my opinion, the peculiar phraseology which we find in the Fasti was adopted. If the entry had been 6 Selva XopriyMv, the choregus would have been included as one of the TpajoySoi; as it is, he counted among the victors, but not as one of the rpayaySoi. The didascalus, on the other hand, is properly reckoned in the Fasti as one of the tragic or comic company. Our conclusion would be, therefore, that the generic term Tpayw- S&v, as it appears in probably the earliest Athenian document in which it is used, means "tragic company," and that under this term are embraced the chorus, the poet, and the actors. Another explanation is, however, admissible and perhaps prefer- able. It may be that the heading rpayaBwv goes back to the time when the poet was an actor and before there was a choregus outside of the tragic company. Before the choregic system was established the tragic company consisted of chorus and actors; the poet was not only a member of the company as one of the actors or the only actor, but he was in the true sense the choregus or "leader of the chorus." By the new system a citizen was appointed as quasi "chorus-leader," though he did not actually perform this function. But in the official records the didascalus and the choregus were still treated as "members of the tragic company." The same explanation holds good for IG. II 1289 as it stands in the improved text now found in Wilhelm Urk., p. 210: Tronjrr)^ rpaycoiSol^ evUa [ayocrT/oaTo]9 'H/oa/cXeiSou ' A\iKapvaaaev<;, | viro- Kptrr]<; ovSiv Sia(f)epovad eari Tf/? Ttou TpaytfiSayv iv ttj (tk€vt) tt/jo? aXXr;\ow opuXia. The ofjLiXia of "singers" in this instance seems pointless. The phrase irpw aWrjXow o/xiXia does not admit of Richards' serviceable evasion "the tragic stage."' The safe course is to interpret gen- erally, "the tragic company." ' It i* hnrd to •«© how nnynno oonld siispoct, with Hichnnis, |>. 'Mi, thni iho writer t«f thia pansago wna uot " fully innHtor of tho dolicacies of Attic .simhioIi." TERMINOLOGY 19 In the well-known passage in Arist. Poet. 5 1449 h 1, ical yap Xopov K(Ofia>8(OP o-yfre irore 6 ap')((ov eScoKev, aXV iOeXovral ^crav, the iOeXovrai were the K(ofiq)8o{, i. e,, all who took part in the produc- tion of a K(OfXQ)Bia. The archon granted the chorus to the didas- calus; all who were trained by him were koo/xmBoL In the early period the didascalus himself was included in the comic company. Here Aristotle uses the traditional phrase, in which all the com pany were conceived of as embraced under the chorus. Similar are three passages in Aristophanes: Pax 806, rjviKa TOiv rpaywhSiv tov X^P^^ ^^X°^ dS€\(j)6<; rt Kal avT6r}aiv cnroBei^eiv 20 HISTOBY OF ACTOBS AND ACTING IS ANCIENT GBEECE Kpouois TOin vvv Btop')(^T}crdfi€voB6<; (f)T}(Tcv opj^elcrdai KaXa)<;, and ihitl. 1505, erepty; rpaycpSo^ KaptciuiT7)<; epx^Tui. To interpret these passages correctly one must understand the context thoroughly and must have 11. 1473- 1517 esf)ecially in mind. If Tpayatho^ here means singer or dan- cer, then we must accept the strained conclusion (see schoU. ad 1479, 1502) that Thespis and Phrynichus here referred to are not the famous tragic [)oets but obscure singers and dancers. As regards the sons of Carcinus, we know that one of them, Xenocles, was a tragic |)oet [T/wsin. 189, Ran. 86). To regard them as simply dancers would be to miss the sense and the humor of the passage. Philocleon's object was to show that the real dotards are the moderns; they cannot compare with the old poets who led their own chonises — Thespis and Phrynichus. The sons of Carcinus are introduced as a parallel. The reference is clearly to them as poets.' In certain other [)assages the language of TpaywSoi and KO)p.a)Soi is s|>oken of; the poets, as the ultimate source of the words of actors and chorus, must be referred to. Crates, frag. 24 Kock, Tolpd8T)<; Toifi Tpay(pBou<: eKcofKoSn, oTi ovSeU av etiroi ev t^ SiaXexTM tov- Tot? ■y^pwvrai. If one reads the context it will readily be admitted that Aristcjtie is referring to poets. He has just shown how, by the alteration of a single word in an iambic line which both had com|K)sed alike, Euripides had improved upon Aeschylus, He then goes on to say that Ariphrades ridiculed the *fo)/i^8ot because they use phrases which do not occur in ordinary speech. If the words in these passagi's be taken as not necessarily referring to po«'ts but rather to the performers, in none of them can the j>er- formers be restricted to the chorus. And in the last passage as 'S. 1100: rxtrn ooiitr()vt>r>iiim jxinoro vidtMitiir ista tt. U;h 14.M (opxo''»»«»'o< .... rapjjai' ««».»•'. (»to.), viiiilo constat iioii loanvi nlicuius snltatoris, iiihI iiirlyti illiiin Mallatnris traKici iiiiti<|iii a\n^^aTa i>x|«rini.ri« t<>m|M>ris acli laudatorom Philoclooiiniii. .S.M. alsd Starkii-'s iioto (i(( hx-., aii>l cf. Atlioii. ~(i auti FrOhilo Techuikd. nit. nil. Komiiilir, I). IW, u.: " .\ii oiuoiii Tal)Z«r Phrynichos ilarf man mit M<kn llarwardt. I'rotfr. 10 unv rj Mofcrwi/ /xeXwSia^ firj i^e'crrco .... firjSeva rSiv ttoXitmv K(op,(i)heiv. Here the word means, not merely poets of comedy, but comic writers in general." Before leaving this topic, the use of the words rpayaSelv and KQ)fxq)Selv to denote the function of the tragic and comic poet respectively deserves a word (cf. Aristoph, Thesm. 85, Ntih. 1091, Ach. 631, 655, Pax 751, and Arist. Poet. 22. 14586 31 for Kcoficp- Beiv). It is hard to conceive how this use of the verb could have originated unless Tpa common phrase rpaywSoU ■)(opi]y(.lv, "to i)e choregus for the rpayrpBoi."' We know that the duty of the 'Sw W. H. TliiMiipx'ns otiitiou of Iho I'haedrxu, p. ^3. The ptirt of tho choru.s iu llio ntfon was probably limiUH) to tho <^ai and xtktvotiara, Ziolin.»ki Olied. d. altatt. Kom., pp. 117. .111. ^(ioodwiii'ii iiot<< oil tho pns.Haito is: " irpayifiti u.Hly), roforriOK to tlio thoatrirnl days of Aorliiiios, like viroxptfcTat 15. 4. of. XIX, 180, raCra r^yytti." Cf. on l.'>. 4 : " iooaptftrsi, hr jWtiyn ln$ fuirt." TERMINOLOGY 23 choregus was to defray the expenses of the chorus; and in this phrase no doubt it was felt that the chorus was chiefly in the mind of the writer.' We need cite only a few passages to illus- trate this common usage. Lysias 19. 29, TpaywSoU BU ^(opriyrjaaL^ and 21. 1, KaTaara'^ X'^PVyo^ TpayQ)8ot rpayoySayv. But one must not infer from this or similar phrases that rpajwSoi and KcofKoSot meant only the members of the chorus. TpaywSoi and KcojxwhoC were often used for the dramatic per- formance, e. g., Aesch. Ctes. 45, aireCTrrj /jlt) Kr}pvrTea6ai, roh rpaycp- Sot9, ihid. 36, and 176. Similar is Aesch. Ctes. 41, yiyvopLevoiv TOiv ev aarei rpaywBcov, and 34, rpaycphSiv ayayvi^ofievoov KaivMv, "during the performance of new tragedies;" also ibid. 154 and Tim. 157. Many other occurrences of these terms can best be interpreted on the analogy of this usage. Plat. Rep. 395 a, a\X' ovSe rot vTTOKpnal Ka)fio)Sol0(f)OKX€OV8oi<; koX 7rvppf)(^LcrTaL<; vcrTaTO<;. The fact that in these expressions the performers are put for the performance shows that rpaywBoi and KWfxashoC in actual usage, irrespective of their etymology, comprised all the performers.^ The following passages from the later literature show that the words TpayQ)86<; and KwpL(ph671 / and h, and the verb viroKpiveadai is used of him by Ath, 538/, irrreKpiOTjaav Se rpayaySol p,kv BecrcraXo? Koi 'Kdrjvohwpo^. So Callippides, Tpay(pB6Sia)v vrroKpniY; in Plut. 177. Aijt'S. 21, viroKpiTTjf: rpayLK&i in IG. II 977 r.s- and Plut. Mor. 348/. Leonteus is referred to in Ath. 343 r as T/)a7&)8o8oV, so also Ath. 538/; but in IG. II 977 x he is v7roKpiTTj<; KtofiiK&i and Ath. loc. cit. uses of him the verb xnroKpiveadai. Diodorus 16. 92 speaks of Neoptolemus as rpayotSo^, in Dem. 5. he is v7roKpiTji<; irXridei vTroKpivofievo';.'''' So too in Liician De hist. coJiscr. 1, where it is ex- plained that Archelaus 6 Tpay(ph6■ r.r umrliind in comedy. As regards the use of Tpaywho^ as "poet." it is indeed rare in later writers as it is uncommon in classical literature, but an une- quivocal instance is found in Plut. Mov. 88 (/, ivhvov ttj •^vxii^ irepiaKOTrei ra aadpd, fiij tjV aoi Trodev v7ro(l>0€yyr)Ta KUKia to tov rpa- 7^Sou ''dXXutu iarpcK eXxeai ^pixov.^ So too in Lucian Anach. 2'2, Tol<{ Se ye K(Ofia)8ol<; kuI diroaKOiineiv koI Xoihopelcrdai i(f)iep,ev e? tois 7roXrraint to the second century," viz., Bekk. Am-c. ~k '.VA. Atheu. 3o d. The u.se of rpayoiBo'i and KQ)fia)B6<; in the si'use of poet is indisputable in F/V. Acsrhi/li, p. 123. 10 Westermann. scholl. Aristoph. lidii. SO, 3()7, scholl. Dion. Thrac. in Hekk. Ann: p. 74.S. 2»», and Poll. 7. 201.' Homer is called Tpay(i>So<; Ka\ irarijp TpaytfiBia^ by Anon. Hhct. ed. Rabe, Rlicin. Mus. LXIII (1908). p. 1 1'^ I. 2; cf. K(on(f)boii, iraXaioU Kal TpaytpBoU ihiit. Eudoxu> tlif poit is called a kw^koBo^; l)y Pollux, cf. below, p. oS; pcrhap^ we should correct to KWfiiKwv. I rpayi^JoO Mliiuihi h« rone) fur rpayviovotav in \'il. Actchiu., |). 2iU). LM WoiitiTiiiMiiii. Mnllor Halinrnntt., p. I".t7, n. 4, ho rondn witliciiit, Iiowkvit, miiitioiiiiitf liin
  • |mrtiiri« fmrn lli« t.ii the Ntroiiictli of liU kiu.wl.chnii. 2J2, n. l'. i.-.v-s ,p.,-,^io. f..r r.,«-,u..^wT«.oi ii. Plat. Cnil. iZ'> li witli- S6<;; whereas the latter were invented at an early period in the history of the drama to designate a thing that had not previously existed, and from general meanings gradually took on narrower special signifi- cations, ay(t}vi(TT7]'i and re^i'tT?;?, on the other hand, were in use long before and after and independently of the drama, and in application to dramatic actors removed the latter from a narrower to a broader class. The transferred meaning is always felt, and neither word can by itself mean "actor," although when actors are spoken of or implied, both terms could be freely applied to them. Obviously, however, before an actor could be referred to as a "contestant" or as an "artist," acting must have come to be regularly associated with contests and the art of acting to be regarded as a fine art or profession. 3. alitical con- tests.' Since the rivalry of actors was felt to be not unlike that of rival orators before the ecclesia or of defendants before the courts,^ it is not always possible to say whether the figurative use of these words in reference to dramatic contests was transferred directly from the regular, organized contests like the athletic contests, or indirectly through the medium of the judicial or po- litical contests. At no time in the history of Greek literature, with rare exceptions noted below, could any of these terms be employed for actors without a qualifying word or some other external indi- cation of the restricted sphere of application, in the meaning "actor," "rival actor," "associate actor," etc. In a number of late inscriptions, however, the words ayQ}viicrTi) bo .\risU)ph. Ach. 140: i/n' avrov toi- xp^>'<»' <>''' «»^»i' eri( l)y. 4, 5. 74. and frjviiipntly in tho onUors. 'Cf. AriHtot. Hhtt. 1403 h 9, iy>yi»o«piT«>TaTij. * I'lilitiid />r riilletjiii urti/irum himii/niticomm, p. zi, and Rvo» Stxallcd Rule of Three Aetitrt, p. .Vi, II. 1, jfivM tln< n4. & E. K-i Thur. 1. 113: iin ry Kifjt'ii)> ovi«t< ky A«{aiTO .... •««ii'Oi< (vraywfi^'rtr^ai ; Pinto Ale. I. 119' Of >it Toix < Toi>v cvraywiota^; and o^.■yll•f^^v^i^atal <7oi irpo« roi>< voAc^iovf. |>i. IS l.^t ■nv'. that ho would niii linvi< nllnui'il olviniiiniloru.*) to act a.>i he did TERMINOLOGY 29 actors. In the great actors' contests at Athens in both tragedy and comedy we know that the state recognized only the leading actor in each play as a competitor. If, then, we find the term "synagonist" applied to an actor, we are prepared, both by its general meaning "helper" and by the conditions of the contests, to understand the subordinate actor who does not himself compete for the prize but helps the principal actor against his antagonists. And so, as a matter of fact, the inscriptions which furnish us the evidence of this technical meaning confirm this presumption. The earliest epigraphical instance of synagonist is an honorary decree passed by the technitae of Ptolemais in Egypt in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, BCH. IX (1885), p. 134. It is signed by apparently the whole membership of the guild, includ- ing one tragoedus, six comoedi, four tragic synagonists, etc. The tragoedus and the four tragic synagonists together formed a company of tragic actors. But the documents which throw the clearest light on the technical meaning of this term are three decrees of the town of Delphi which were recently published in BCH. XXX (1906), pp. 278 flP., of the latter part of the second century b. c. (below, p. 71). No. 49, the most comprehensive of the three, after some compliments to the Athenian technitae for having sent to Delphi a splendid company of pythaists, goes on to mention them by name. After the general officers and forty-one members of "the great chorus" with their accompanists, come the participants in the thymelic and scenic contests. The participants in the scenic exhibitions are as follows: three auletae, four comoedi and oi avvaycovL^dixevoL TovTot<;, six in number, five poets of satyri, two tragoedi and ot tovtoi<; a-vvarycovL^dfMevoi, seven in number, and, finally, two tragic poets. One hundred one names are re- corded, but since a considerable number took part in both the at the last trial, el iJ-rj fJ^era o-oO Koiffi a-uvriyu>Pt.i6iJirip. Dio Casslus xl. 54 also uses trvvayoivKrrrii as the equivalent of crwriyopo'; : 6 MiAwi' xaiToi rhv KiKepiava viKe[v Koi (Tvvay]iavi[^]alTo . . . .] Koi eir6o(ci';u.r)o-e iv T

    ectably give the tragedies and cometlies. The scenic jwrtion of this decree presents some interesting problems, for some of which no solution can at present be offered. We can reasonably assume that the four comoedi and six comic synagonists brought out four old comedies, and that one comoedus and the six synagonists were available for each comedy; but it is hard to see how the two tragoedi and their seven synagonists managed to bring out two old tragedies, two new tragedies, and live satyr-dramas. And yet it is obvious that this was the task t iiolnil, liDwovnr, thnt amoiiK tho thoori nionlioiiod in tho onrly pnrtof the dicrf>«; unii al.so throv mliiitionnl atilotao. Posnibly these |Mtr<«(>ns woro nvnilahli< for tho sconic oxhibitions in addition to thn abuvo nunil><>r. >In No. I.'^ thurn ari> oinht (or «-f-) ct»mi>odi and two trii»cor>di, hut thi> synaf;oni»t.>< are not proservi'd ; in No. .'lO tliiTo ari' two (or "J t ) conio«Mli and .'i comic synoKonists and (onr trnKo«»

  • endix under Damocles. Nico«tratus (No. .171 >, and Soti'lea, etc. TERMINOLOGY 31 Xo? vetKrjaa^j rov de/xaro'i to Teraprov ')((opelv et? TOvi> Trepl rbv Alovvo-ov Tex>'''''ioi') and No. 49 (ttoti to.i' avvoSov tuiv rexvcTwc) . 2CIG. II 3068 B (near Teos) : eSo^ev tuJ (coikcG tuii- (rvvayMViaruiv. IG. XIV 2495: \ljri(.i'. BCH, VII, p. 17 (Ancyra) : oi, etc., Te^i'eiTal .... Kal oi toutwi* awayMvicTTai, BCH, IX, p. 124, 39 (Nysa) uses the same phrase. 32 HISTORY OP ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE aftiTwnrd. Both these misconceptions have been successfully dis- |H-lIed, in the writer's opinion, in the above-mentioned treatise. As rej^ards the history of the terms, Rees shows that "protago- nist" is not found in either literature or inscriptions as applied to an actor until the time of Plutarch; that "deuteragonist" occurs in only two passages, both late, where the reference is certainly to an actor; and finally that "tritagonist," with but one exception, and that late, is always used with reference to Aeschines in pas- sages that are merely reminiscences of Demosthenes. "Deuteragonist'' occurs only once in classical literature, as we have said, Dem. 19. 10, and here the meaning is "helper" in a political sense, although the person so referred to seems to be an actor as well as Aeschines to whom he sustained this relationship; see Appendix, No. 204. The two instances of its use of an actor ar«' the scholium to Dem. Dc pace t5 (quoted above, p. 7) and Pollux. The scholium is also the one exception to the use of "tritagonist" not in reference to Aeschines. As we have already seen, the scholium wrongly attributes to "the ancients" the use of deuteragonist and tritagonist for the second and third actor of a troupe. He was doubtless influenced to make this classification by the fact that Demosthenes, whom he was annotating, so often em|)loyed the term "tritagonist" of Aeschines. It is iui{K)rtant to note that the scholiast distinctly says that in his own time the subordinate actors were called sim|)ly inroKpnai as distinguished from the rpaycpho'i, and that the very distinction which he draws between the usage of the ancients, and that of his own time implies that the terms deuteragonist and tritagonist were not then in com- mon use. In other worils. to him as to Hesychius these wt)rds as used by Demosthenes were regarded as glosses. We next come to I*ollux, wlu) defines the use of the three doors of the scaena as follows: »; p-^cri) fikv /Sacri'Xeiov i) ajnjXaiov t) oIko^ evBoKo<; ij irau tov 7rp(i)Tay(ovi(TTov rov hpdp.aro'i, i} hk h^^ta tov htv7€pa'y(i)viGTovinodp.i}Uy to. Bcvrepa 8e 6 Trait, to. 8e rpira 6 Tvpai'i>oQ) { i. «'., this and another illustration) u€Ta. ffJ), li., wli.i rik-litly in.sists tlint wi>»,Tay»>yi.|Mis«. .I'M, • nixl slioiiM not Imj altoriitl. Wo inny mid thnl Sclioiikl plausibly suKK»>»ts thnt vpwroAoYix {mpmroXoyia, ntc. flml found in Ti>l««s npuil Stob. 3. 4 llouxo a» otiuivnlent to o Ta wp^rm Anr-t-f wHit tikiMi int«> Judirinl lantfunKo from tlio uplirro of Iho drnmu and later t<>«>k on n i)uriet, lu- now and then, in ft>stivals outside of Athens, took charge of the production of an old play. The case of Diomedes son of Atheno- dorus of PcrgaiiKni and Athens, the comic |)oet concerning wiiom we have three docuuu'nts of the lattei^part o t the secon d century It. c. oi l)eginning of the first, is not quite so clear. In a Delphic decree recently published, of the year 100 B.C., a Diomedes 8^ed by Wilhelm, p. 25(), is plausible, l)iit we do not know wliether his i-areer as a |K)et was. as we should expect. subse(|ueMt to his aj)j)t>arance at Delphi as a niinttr prison in a comic troupe, or whetln'r he had already made his (l<'^l)ut as a j)<)et. Ale.xandrus (No. 23). an actor of the time of (^aracalla, was a (tragic) pn the y question whether tragic [toets were ever cuniic jH)ets also; but now that we know for a certainty' that Tiniocles. the tragic |HH>t of tlie lattei- part of tlie third ceiifury. is not lhi> same jM'rson as \^ the comic poet of the same perind. we mav ieast>nably (loul>t wlnither these two activities were ever united in tlie same person. at least befon> the Roman Empire. I Th« frntrmxiit i>f tlin Ikarioi Satyroi prnsorvolny wn<< n ruiiuxly, tml, an hud boon lurniiafHl, n sntyr-tiruma. Soo Wntcnrr Sym- balnr ml rinitirnrum Criirciirum hitliiriinii crtticam, chnp. iv. ACTORS AND THEIR SPECIALTIES 43 For us the most important question in this connection is whether the functions of tragic actor and comic actor were ever united before the Roman period. As for the literary evidence, we have at one end the explicit statement of Plato Rep. 895a: ovhe fiTjv payjrwSoi ye Kul viro/cpiTal ajxa- ovSe tol vrroKpLral Kcofio)- Boi<; T€ Koi rpaycpSok ol avroi, and at the other Cicero's remark, Orat. 31, 109: histriones eos vidimus quibus nihil posset in suo genere esse praestantius, qui non solum in dissimillimis personis satisfaciebant, cum tamen in suis versarentur, sed et comoedum in tragoediis et tragoedum in comoediis admodum placere vidi- mus. The phrase "cum tamen in suis versarentur" shows that, though certain great actors may have acted acceptably in both tragedy and comedy, yet the old distinction between the tragic and the comic actor was still felt and observed. To the unlearned scholiast to Luc. lup. trag. 3 it seemed quite natural to assume that Polus and Aristodemus in the classical period played the r6le of gods in tragedies and in comedies; see under No. 62 sub fin. Turning to the prosopographical evidence, we find no in- stance of a tragic actor who can with any reasonable degree of probability be identified with a comic actor before the first part of the first century B.C.: Iranus (No. 261) is found twice as Kco/jLwSo'i and once as rpaywho'i. To the same period belongs Praxiteles (No. 415), who performed at Delphi in 136 B.C. as comic synagonist and nine years later as rparymSo';. Finally, an unknown person (No. 562) of the Imperial period won victories both as Kwp,(t)h6ve, p. o) that after 8^0 and 83H respectively old tragedies and old comedies were removed from comjM'tition with new plays and were brought out as "extras" by the rpayoiSoi and KcofiaSoi; in each year only one old play of each class was i)erformed after these dates. We can only infer that befor. these dates old plays might be entered in competition with new plays, as Capps has recently pointed out, but as Rohde saw must be the case long l)t»fore these new documents had come to light.' But the old plays were brought out then, not by actor-didascali. but by poets who took the places of the original authors as didas- cali, if not by the authors themselves. The actors who were pro- tagonists in the old plays had therefore no different relation to the production than the protagonists in the new plays; they were competitors for the prize in all contests in which a prize was awarded to the best protagonist. For our present purpose, accord- ingly, it will suffice to determine the time of the introduction of the actors' contests in the two festivals. THE CONTE.^lTS OF TRAGIC ACTORS It is now established with practically mathematical certainty that the contest of tragic actors at the City Dionysia was intro- duced in the year 450-4'J.^ We do not know how long this con- test was maintained; the latest names that can be assigned with certainty to the catalogue of tragic actors at the Dionysia belong to at. 2H0 B. c. (below, p. 01). But there is no reason to 8up|x>se that it was given up as long as the City Dionysia itself |H'rsisted. The contest of tragic actors at the Lenaea was established soon after. A compariscjii of iho beginnings of the two catalogues of victors (below, pp. (51, tJ'i) shows that the tirst Lenaean victor, Chaerestratus, was sixth in order in the City list — indicating an interval of from 10 to 20 years. The sixth Lenaean victor, Cal- lipides,' was victor in 4lH b. c, /(/. II. '•72, col. ii; this would indicate a dat«« for the introduction of the contest ahmit midway 1 nhein. Mu:, l.rc. rit., pp. Z^l ff. ; ('a|.ps AJf. XXVIII (1907). p. M. J AIkivo, p. '-T. KKisch Z/iO. 1907, p. 2W, n..|K>ints out thnt thnrois n i>osslblcorrorof ono jronr In tli" cnlctilnlion, ninc« an oxtrn linn may havn Imvh uswI to riTord the innovation in Momo jfonr-liiit of lcordo»l in th«« oxtnnl frmfmotit-*. Hut lliis |>.>s-iibility i-* 1«mi nlifflit tllodorus and Hermon is derived from a good didascalic source, yet it has to do with "the other Peace" of which the third hypothesis, quoting the authority of Crates, informs us. and not with the play we now possess; or, if erepa Elp^m] was the same play reproduced, our notice refers to the occasion of its reproduc- tion. And it must have been brought out at the Lenaea. The author of the hypothesis simply got hold of the wrong didascalic notice, misled by the identical title and author. 3. That there was a contest established for comic actors at one of the festivals as early as ca. 375 B. C. is shown by the existence of fragments of the Victors'-lists containing the names of well- known comic actors conti'm{M>rary with Demosthenes and Aeschi- nes, viz. fragg. i' and jr (below, p. (i4). Parmenon is mentioned by Aeschines in 345 {Tim. 157) and by Aristotle (rrobl. 94^ ci 3), Nausicrates by Aeschines in the same speech, while Phormion and Lycon were associated with Alexander the Great. There is no posHil)Ie doubt, therefore, about the identitication of frag, x, which is dui' to Kohler. Satyrus and Philemon of frag. /' lx>long to the sanu' period and are ecjuaily well known. Further, frag, j " comes fioiii the top of the architrave and these thn't> naiiu's were the first of a cohimn, which was prei-eded by at least omc colunin, na Wilhrlni ( p. 2r)3) shows. Tliis carries us bark to the begin- niicl tliiit thn yonr-li-il i>f 422 cltios Dot, wa.s incliniul t»» ilouht whotlior the Fasti gavp n mm- I>lot« roconl. WiUiolm nlnti, I'rk., pp. 14tt f., .sons in tlio li>l»<>lh<",is a ilirccl coutradiction of tho Katti, lhi«ii»{h (ji. 2.' 4 1 Iip r«>c<>»;iiitos in KOrlo'n «'xi>lniiiili<>ii a iHiHsiblo solution. Kaib«l ill Willii'liii'ii (rk., i.|>. 1K7, n. 2. aiipt- a»)Milut.«ly tlio I'viiloiico of llio Fasti, an also Capps AJA. IV (IWWi. p. »4, uiiil A. KOrto Khan. Mut. Ml ayjT*. p. 172. THE actors' contests AT ATHENS 49 ning of the fourth century. Kaibel [Urk., p. 193) unhesitatingly assigns these fragments to the Lenaean list on account of the evidence of the Fasti against the existence of the comic actors' contest at the other festival, and in this Reisch follows him. This is undoubtedly the correct view. 4. The section yza of the same Victors' -list begins at the top of a column with names of actors known to have been active toward the end of the fourth century. The second, Callippus, shown by Wilhelm to have been the younger of the name, was victor in 312, and his successor, Asclepiodorus, in the year follow- ing, according to Wilhelm' s restoration of the new didascalic inscription, p. 45. The festival at which these victories were won we may leave undetermined for the present. At least one column preceded these names, i. e., at least 17 names before Callippus. If the first victory of the first of these 17 names must be dated as early as 329 B. c, then yza must be Lenaean. Now if we assign the usual average of about two victories to each actor, the begin- ning of the preceding column would go back into the forties. The year 329 can be reached 'only by assuming: (1) that the victory of Callippus won in 312 was at the same festival to which yza relates, (2) that it was his first victory, (3) that each of his 17 predecessors won only one victory each. Only by such a series of hypotheses can yza' be assigned to the Dionysia, and the third supposition is so highly improbable as entirely to exclude the possibility of such assignment, in the writer's opinion. If, on the other hand, yza'^ refers to the Lenaea, as Capps maintained some years ago [AJA. IV, p. 85), we may place the beginning of Callippus' career a little before 312, may give to his predecessors in the preceding column the period ca. 315 to ca. 345, to frag- ments i' and x the period ca. 345 to ca. 375, and so on to the beginning of the list of victors, which would thus be brought back to the date of the introduction of the comic contest into the .y" Lenaea, which has been fixed at ca. 442.' 5. Fragments h'c of the Victors'-lists contain names which 1 Kaibel Urk., p. 169, and more precisely Capps AJP. XXVIII (1907), pp. 186 ff. Kaibel, p. 193, assigns i' x and yza to different lists, on the basis of a faulty calculation. Wilhelm, p. 150, leaves the matter undecided. For the view of Reisch, who also assigns i' x and yza to different lists, see below. 50 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE an' found also in yz(i and therefore are Diouysian. The first name preserved, Aristomachus, is ninth in tfza\ i. e., h' c begins at a point 15-25 years later than yza, or between 300 and 290. b'c contains ten names; seven, or six and the heading, are lost. The whole is written in the first hand, whereas Philonides, the sixteenth name in yza (in h' c the sixth), is there written in the second hand, or after 278 (see below, p. 05). The chances are, therefore, that the lost six or seven names were near the top, rather than at the bottom, of the column containing he. This being the case, the beginning of the column would fall ca. 300. If the heading stood at the top of this column, the comic actors' contest at the Dionysia was introduced ca. 300; but it will l)e seen below that the Didascaliae of 312, which records the victori- ous actors, is Dionysian. I have therefore assumed (p. 66, below) that one column preceded h' c . The date of the introduc- tion of the comic actors' contest into the City Dionysia would therefore bo in the twenties, somewhere between 328 and 320, nearer the former than the latter. 6. The new fragment of the Didascaliae discovered ami pub- lished by Wilhelm, p. 45, under the designation IG. II \)1\g records the victorious actors for 312 and 311, viz. Cnllippus, Jr. and Asclepiodorus. Since the comic actors' contest certainly existed at this time at the Lenaea, and, as we have just seen, may have already been established at the Dionysia, the assignment of this document must depend upon other considerations. Wilhelm, p. 55, is undoubtedly right in considering tliat if 072 is Lenaean 074c must be Dionysian. In the one no old play is recorded, in the other it is. And tliat from 330 on an old play was regularly brought out at the Dionysia by the Kio^iwhoi, while the practice at the Lenaea is unknown, is sufficient justification for the assign- ment, provisionally at least, of y74c and 075 to the City Dionysia and 072 to tlie Lenaea. There is another difference in the con- st ittit ion of llirse Didascaliae that is du«» to tlu> appearance of the Ko)nfoB(k and tlic title of the old play in the first line of each year: the compiling ports are ifitnuluced l)y the heading 7roi][Tai). This heading naturally drops out in 072, where the re<-ord begins directly with tlir coinpf'ting |)<)ets. We may therefore a»-c«"pt THE actors' contests AT ATHENS 51 974c as Dionysian, and may consider the fact of the establishment of the comic actors' contest at this festival somewhere in the twen- ties as assumed. 7. IG. II 1289, of the year 306 b. c, mentions the victorious comic actor Callippus. This document has been recognized as Lenaean by Capps and later by Wilhelm. 8. The Lenaean comic Didascaliae IG. II 972, of the years 290 and 289, mention the victorious comic actors. 9. In the Dionysian comic Didascaliae IG. II 975, extending from the end of the third to the middle of the second century, the victorious actor is regularly mentioned except in the earliest frag- ment /. For this reason Capps was disposed to date this fragment in the latter part of the fourth century, before the death of Me- nander and before the introduction of this contest into the City Dionysia. But not only is the lettering that of the latter part of the third century, as Wilhelm (p, 68) shows, but the facts above adduced exclude the possibility of a period during Menan- der's activity in which a prize was not offered to the victorious comic actor. How then are we to explain the fact that once^ in the record, after 1. 2 of 975 /, the line is missing in which the victorious actors should have been mentioned? To assume with Wilhelm and Reisch that in this year there was no actors' contest seems inadmissible, for after the actors' contest had once been established it is hardly possible that, at a performance of comedies, the judges should have failed to select the best of the competing actors and award him the prize. And in this year the record names the protagonists of each play in the usual fashion. This in itself is an indication that there was an actors' contest, for otherwise there was no object in mentioning the actors at all. This being so, it is best to assume an error of omission on the part of the stone-cutter. And such an error would have been particularly easy to commit if, as I assume, the victor for the year was the actor named in connection with the last play, i. e., Nico- 1 According to KOhler's restoration the victorious actor was not given the year following, after 1. 15, but Wilhelm plausibly suggests that oou in 1. 16 may be a part of the title of a play, e. g., 'AY>/]ooi[i'Ti, and that in this year as a few other times six comedies were presented. The restoration of frag, a is too uncertain to warrant Reisch's assertion (ZOO. 1907, p. 309) that the victorious actor is here also omitted. 52 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE demu8 (accepting Wilhelm's restoration). The original copy of the record which the scribe had before him was therefore pre- sumably as follows: xrrrt NixoSt;/xo? VTTO Ni»cdSi;/xo9 iviKa The cutter omitted the last line in inscribing it on the stone. If the above statement of the facts regarding the actors' contest in the two festivals is correct, this contest was introduced into the Lenaea at the time the comic contest itself was admitted to this festival, ra. 442 B. c, and was maintained, as the Victors'-list yzd' shows, down to near the end of the third century. For some reason which we can hardly hope to discover the contest was not admitted to the City Dionysia until m. 325 B. c, and was con- tinued until the middle of the second century or later, on the evidence of the Didascaliae 975 ; there are no recognizable remains of the Victors'-list for this festival after h'c. This statement of the case seems to harmonize |>erfectly the evidence of various kinds which we liave passed in review. But Reisch has recently {ZOG. 1907, pp. 299 ff. ) announced a theory regarding the construction of the building in which the Didascaliae and the Victors'-lists were inscribed and of the arrangement of these documt'uts within the building that runs counter to these conclusions at some essential |X)ints. As the result of his theory he introduces as a criterion for the classification of the fragments of the Victors'-lists the condition of the under-surface of the pieces that are extant from the bottom of the columns, and for this reason is obliged to assign tjz(i to a different list from x: but since, as he clearly sees, t/z and in many resjx'cts so plausiblr tlial \V(> must pay niore than jtas.sing attention to liis views. The l)uil{|iiig wliich housed thes«> documents was a iiexagonal structure, mcti'd in 27S as i\w iledication of an atronotlu'te. of THE actors' contests AT ATHENS 53 which three sides were open and three sides closed. On the three walls of the closed sides were inscribed the Didascaliae, and in this order: on the first wall the tragic Didascaliae of the City Dionysia, of which 973 remains, on the second wall the comic Didascaliae, Dionysia, of which 974 c, 975 and some smaller frag- ments are preserved, and on the third wall the comic and then the tragic Didascaliae of the Lenaea, represented by 972, which con- tains a portion of the last column of the comic and the first of the tragic. On the architrave over these walls and over the open sides were inscribed the Victors' -lists, and in the same order, except that here two sections, poets and actors, corresponded to each set of Didascaliae; the lists of poets in general stood over the walls, the actors over the doors, except in the case of the Lenaea, where both the comic poets and the comic actors stood over the third wall, the tragic poets and tragic actors over the third door. A fragment of this architrave that happens to be smooth on the under- side must therefore have stood over the doors, and must be either tragic or comic actors, Dionysia, or tragic actors or tragic poets, Lenaea; while fragments with unsmoothed under-surface stood over the walls and must contain either tragic poets or comic poets, Dionysia, or tragic actors or comic actors, Lenaea. Now the vast majority of the fragments from this architrave are broken away on all sides, and must be assigned on the basis of their contents alone — unless they happen to join pieces that can be assigned or through the condition of the upper surface or faults in the marble can be placed with assignable pieces. But in gen- eral, where Reisch's theory can be tested by this criterion, frag- ments whose assignment is certain on internal evidence fall in fairly well with the arrangement proposed. Thus, a and h, tragic poets, Dionysia, and de and /<, comic poets, Dionysia, have un- smoothed under-surfaces, and so have m and x, comic poets and comic actors, Lenaea. But of the fragments with smooth under- surfaces which could not be assigned by reason of their contents, only /', tragic actors, Dionysia, and q, tragic actors, Lenaea, are placed and classified with certainty by Reisch, and for /' the case is certain because Reisch identified in it the name of a tragic actor who appears in another list that is certainly Lenaean. 54 HISTOBY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE Now jr, ftB we have stated, rested on the wall; yza' , however, which we have assigned to the same category of comic actors (Leuaea) as x, has a smooth under-surface, and Reisch accordingly separates them. Before stating the argument against my view based on the difference in their under-surfaces, let us consider Reisch's explanation of yza', since, as he frankly. admits, it cannot be regarded as the Dionysian Victors'-list. To prove that there was a list of victorious comic actors that was neither Lenaean nor Dionysian, Reisch a[)peals to the much- discussed law of Lycurgus described in the following terms by VUdc JC. Orat. 841 /; elarjveyKCP Se Kal vofiow, rov fikv irepl rdv K(OfjL(pB(ov, aycbi'a TOiiKi]K6Ta^ duaypii(f>€aOai, nor was the list in which these victors wcic inscribed a KaTdXoyo<: rwr ev d(TT€i uei'iKrjKOTCoi', l)ut a list of those wiio were rh't/ihlr to lx» ciutscn to coinjM'tf at the City Dionysia, as Rolulr j)rovi'd, i. e., a Ka^dXoyo^^ THE actors' contests AT ATHENS 55 Tbiv KWixwhSsv TMv et9 ciaTV ve/jLeadrjvat a^LoydevTwv. The contest at the Chytri was thus similar in one respect, as Rohde has also shown, to the arrangement adopted for tragedy as described by the lexi- cographers under vefiriaeu^ vTroKpiruiv. The archon had before him a list of eligible actors, from which he assigned to the poets by lot the number required for the exhibition. The two tragic actors, i. e., protagonists, who had won a victory at the Lenaea and Dionysia in any year were eligible for the coming year. There probably was some test, or KpLo-a, of which we do not know, by which other protagonists and actors who had not reached the grade of protagonist could become eligible to be chosen for this honor and could thus have an opportunity to compete for the prize. As for the comic actors, since there was not an actors' contest at the Dionysia, there was only one victor each year to be admitted to the list of eligibles without a test. The contest at the Chytri, which had existed before Lycurgus and was revived by him before his death in 325, seems merely to have compensated in this way for the lack of an actors' contest at the Dionysia, namely, in that the victor at the Chytri was eligible at the coming Dionysia, as the victor at the Lenaea was eligible at the Lenaea the coming year, without further test. With so satisfactory an explanation of the law of Lycurgus at hand we can hardly accept that offered by Reisch, by which the highest honor within the reach of an actor in the fourth century was given for a performance which could have had only the slightest significance. It may be added that, as Rohde again points out, the phrase used by the Vitae X. Oral., v6/jL0 Be TreWe, Kudci (f)T)aLV ' A7ro\\6Ba)po as victor in the year 181 B. c, where the remains both of the title and of tin- name point to him alone, TT[OH EY ]A[ 0- ZO^NAYIKAHPQI. Now Reisch disposes of 1*77 o. which Wiiiu'hn following KoliltT had a.ssigned to the catalogue of comic poets, Lenaea, by giving it to the list of comic actors, apparently only because it has n smoc^th under-surface. This can scarcely be considered a sutficicut warrant for giving up the classification based upon the identifica- Ijnri of tlif uaiMts. Agathocles and Biottus (ij>|>tfir in 975 as jxjets in the yrars ItiO and Lt)7 respectively, and Ariston is known as a comii- poet from otiier inscriptions and his date has been established as a contemporary of the other two by Preuner nml Kirelmer (see Wilhelm, p. 135). R<'iscir8 opinion that the lieimeaii eoniie contest was discoii- tiiuied by ni. 2S5 is bas.-d ujion the peculiar fact in n-gartl to tlie (lidMscalic inscription '.t7'J that the first coluinn contains comic Hi- dascaliac, the second tragic. The comic record therefore stojiped 1 Herl. pHil. Woch. IWM, p. 037. THE actors' contests AT ATHENS 59 at the end of the column, and the date reached by the end of the column was not far from 285. Two explanations suggest themselves of the discontinuance of the record at this point: (1) that the Lenaean comic contest was thereafter discontinued, or (2) that the record was continued in another place. The latter explanation was advanced by Capps AJA. IV (1900), p. 86, who first observed what conclusions were to be drawn from the juxta- position of the tragic by the side of the comic record. He says that the comic Didascaliae "were continued, if at all, in another place," adding that it seems unlikely that the Lenaean contest was discontinued at this time. Wilhelm, p. 37, takes the same posi- tion, insisting that, if the contest was for a time discontinued, it was later revived, as the notice about Eudoxus and the list of poets 977 o show. Here again we must acknowledge that we know too little about the circumstances under which the inscription was put on stone and the arrangement adopted and the space available to warrant any hard-and-fast theory based upon the phenomenon observed on this fragment. Too many simple explanations are conceivable to make it advisable to adopt one that involves serious consequences in the interpretation of a number of other documents that themselves present no especial difficulty. Our conclusion is, then, that we must for the present decline to be guided in the assignment of fragments of the lists of victo- rious actors by the material criterion set up by Reisch, at least until more solid and convincing arguments are advanced by him than he permitted himself in the preliminary article in which he sets forth his views summarily. THK ATFIENIAN VICTORS' LISTS TRAGIC AND COMIC ACTORS For convenienc<* the assignable fragments of the Victors'-lists are here given with an indication of the chronological deductions to be drawn from them, and with some improvements in the text. For explanations of departures from Wilhelm's text the reader is referred to the catalogue of actors in the Appendix, under the name concerned. If only the end of a name is pre- srrvt'd on the stone and either no restoration is made or that made is regarded as uncertain, the fragmentary name will be found at the end of the A[)|)endix (pp. 139 fif.), listed alpha- betically by the first extant letter. Of the fragments left unassigned by Wilhelm, a numlxT have been correctly, in the writer's opinion, assigned by Reisch, viz. (t (s), o (») to Lenai'an tragic actors, f to Dionysian tragic actors, n' {i") to Lenaean comic poets. Frag, m' (a ), which Reisch a.ssign8 to the Lenaean comic actors, must still be considered doubtful; but I have thought best to include the names in the Appendix. If Reisch is right they belong to the latter half of the third century. Frag. //' I have ventured to classify with the comic actors, according to Capps's conjecture. Frag, o must certainly be regarded with Wilhelm as a list of comic poets, Lenaea, rather than, with Reisch, of actors. Fragg. /, h' {if), and k' T (q r] can- not yet be safely assigned to any category. 60 THE ATHENIAN VICTORS -LISTS 61 TRAGIC ACTORS -DIONYSI A ca.448 to ca. 430 ca. 430 'TTTo/cptTWJ' Tp[ayiKQv 449 'RpaK\€l[8vs - NiK6/xaxo[s - Mv[v]vlninK of the contest sno p. 46. In 1. 4 Wil- helm rfstonis Loptines from tho City list; but tho nnnio doos nr»t fill tho spnco. CIo- andrus, Lysicratos, <iXnrT0i - ) *I>T10J 1 1 (Ei>ir6\eMo[{ - Qpa]tI)v l' IIo- U)V I CO.. 330 ' ca.330/ N[i«6(rTpaToi- t Apx^ai - t IIpat/a[s to {'Uponi{i/inw¥] III t *iX - Nicri- tus. The last three lines are left blank. THE ATHENIAN VICTORS -LISTS 63 TRAGIC ACTORS — LENAE A ca. 320 ca. 300 CO.. 300 CO. 290 1 IV. vto E- BaKx- Si^VUV I Capias - 'Al'Tl/U^[l'7JS - T€ir]s - ^Ikww 1 1 - ' ApiffT6vi[K0i ~ Hvppix°s - ' k.yy)Twp I Q7]pap.iv[T}% - KXciTos - V. dq CO. 290 to CO.. 278 CO. 278 III KXe6[5wpos — A^(rXi^X[os - Kplp.V7][(TT0S - '^Siirane[^lvwv - ' YipOT\lo}V - K\plff\Tapxo's - 'Hp(£K[XetTos - 'AX^|aj'5[pos - KaXXiKXT7s III ^\vpriixu3v I \v | ' KpiffTUV I The date of the first group The first group is written is furnished by Aristocritus in the first hand, the second in col. iii, and by Gorgosthe- in the second. The second nes, a contemporary of the group is also dated by Hera- painter Apelles toward the cleitus, Alexandrus, and end of his career. Gorges- Cleonicus. thenes' first Lenaean vic- tory is notably earlier than his first City victory. If Polus competed at the Len- aea, his name stood at the head of this column. The last two lines are left blank. VII. o CO. 225 iNI Traces of writing in 1. 1, not re- ported by Wilhelm, show that the record was contin- ued in this column. (U HISTOKY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE COMIC ACTORS - LEXAEA II. III. I [ TwOKpiTUtr KiJIUKUIlf] c(i. 442 ra.410 to ca. 375 Sfxj p. 49. Honnon, the ua\s victor of thJH period wliom wn know, wns ricto- riouji (hurtly after 423; see No. 1S3. to J ♦iX]r)M«i' 1 1 CO, 365 {Ka]\\lffTpaT[o%- co, 365 J55\ ca. 355 ca. 355 / • • ■ xuf 1 1 1 1 I llapfi{y(i>r \ \ 'S[a]vciK[pdTTii I ' An] - ^^ 3j- For the positions of i and X see p. 4«. The upper niarffin of t and the lower of X are preserved. THE ATHENIAN VICTORS -LISTS 65 COMIC ACTORS — LENAEA ca. 315 to ca. 300 ca. 300 ca. 290 ca. 290 to ca. 278 ca. 277 ca. 275 V. yz (' ApiaTaybpas \ KdXXtTTiroy 1 1 1 1 \ ' AffKK-qiribSupot P / \i\o\vevKTos I \ n]i'p/3a\ei!is I / M]otXoK[X')7S - ' ApLffTOKpdTIJS I ' 'E/xnevld7)$ I A^t6Xdkos I ^i\(i)vl5r]s I SwKpdrijs I ca. 275 ca. 258 ca. 258 VI. 2/za' noX[i;KX^j - AvKit I HI A- 2- A- Bo- A- KX- Ai- 2m- A - APPENDIX PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM INTRODUCTION TO THE APPENDIX The writer has eiuieavored to include in the following catalogue of Greek actors all tragic and comic actors who are mentioned by the Greek writers down to and including Atheuaeus and all who are found in the inscriptions. Omissions will of course Ije found; but it is hoped that they will not be numerous or serious. Under each name are given as succinctly as possible all the essential facts in the life of the actor in his professional capacity, so far .is they are reconletl. The quotations from the sources, especially the literary sources, are made intentionally full, that the collection may prove useful to students of this side of the ancient drama. The full Greek name, with ethnicon or demotic-on where recorded, is first given in lK)ld-face8os for those who are so designated in the soiu-ces. If the person is mentioned in diffen-nt sources under diCFerent titles, the fact appears in the article. With names that are associate with a festival the festival and the .seat of the festival are regularly given; but "Lenaea" and "Dionysia"' alone refer to the Athenian festi- vals. Whenever possible the date of the actor's activity as indicatetl by the sources has Ix^en given, with such precision as the available informa- tion permits; the dates which accompany references to the Athenian Victors'-lists are those of the first victory. In the case of Athenians a nference has l)een added to Kirchner's I'ro!thiiig definite or sig- iiificant rfiranliiitr tlu-ir «;iri>^T()RV OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE which the writer has taken rej^diug the dates of a uuml>er of importaut series of document."?: Thf Soterir catalogues of Delphi.— lu assigning dates to the four Soteric lists SGDI. 2563 66 I have follow 495 ( )t'ciH(l0H PolycU'H 'IVlPStCS Philoniiios l)ioi)haiilus, Huli»tt» OnepippuB. (iidHRCHlus aulete 208 280 2S4 203 280 261 The cataloijuen of Oropxis, Thenjtine, Orchomenus, Tanaffra, atid Arrarphia. .lamot has shown in BCH. XIX ilS95). pp. .'^46 (T.. that the agonistic lists from Thespiae fall into thr«>«' chmuological groups. To PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAEOORUM 71 the first group, which he dates between 167 and 146 B.C., belongs No. 11, p. 336; to the third. No. 15 (IG. VII 1773), which is a Httle before 161 A. d., No. 17. between 161 and 169 a.d., and No. 18 (VII 1776), in the first half of the third century a. d., after Caracalla. The second group, comprising Nos. 13 (VII 1760) and 14 (VII 1761), belongs to the same general period as the lists from Oropus, IG. VII 416, 417, 419, 420, with which it has a number of names in common. Five of the artists mentioned in the Thespian list No. 13 reciu* in the three lists from Orchomenus, IG. VII 3195, 3196. 3197, and in a similar way the lists from Tanagra, IG. VII 540, 542, 543, and Acraephia, IG. VII 2727, are bound together with those from Thespiae, Oropus, and Orchomenus. It is clear, therefore, that the second Thespian gi'oup is of the same general period as the lists from the other Boeotian festivals. Now Keisch in De mus. cert., pp. Ill ff., following Theodore Mommsen Herm. XX (18??), p. 274, n. 2, has shown that the Oropian inscriptions were inscribed in 86 b. c. or soon afterward, i. e., after the victory of Sulla, and Dittenberger assigns the Acraephian list to the same time. Of the four lists from Oropus it is clear that Nos. 416 and 417 are earlier than No. 419 and that 420 is not far removed from the other three (Dittenberger ad Zoc), and we must also agree with Jamot that the three Thespian lists of the second group are not separated from each other by any considerable interval, and that this is true also of the three from Orchomenus (p. 356, n.). The lists from Thespiae, Orchomenus, and Tanagra may be a little earlier or a little later than those from Oropus and Acraephia, so far as the available evidence can show their relationship. Accordingly in the Appendix I have thought it wise to indicate the relations of these several series of lists simply by assigning the lists from Oropus and Acraephia to a date "soon after 86 B. c," and all the rest to a larger period extending before and after 86, i.e.," ca. 100-75 b.c." The Delphic decrees pertaining to the Athenian technitae. — Several actors are mentioned in the two decrees of the Amphictyonic Council which grant and confirm certain privileges to the Athenian technitae, IG. II 551 (of which BCH. XXTV, 1900, p. 86, is the Athenian duplicate). For the first of these decrees I accept the date of Pomtow 278/7 b. c, for the second that of Ferguson Priests of Asklepios (Athenian archon Demostratus), 130/29 b. c. A very considerable addition to our list of actors is due to the three decrees of Delphi which Colin has published in BCH. XXX (1906), pp. 272 ff . They are in honor of the Athenian technitae, who, on three occasions, sent to Delphi large delegations of theori, singers, and thy- melic and scenic performers, whose names are all mentioned. The decrees bear no dates, but Colin (pp. 284 ff.) has shown, from the five names which recur in inscriptions of the dates 137/6, 131/0, and 130/29, that No. 48 must belong either to the pythiad of Timarchus 138/7 72 HISTOKY UF ACTUKS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE (I follow FtT^'^usou's latest ilatinyjor to that of Dionysius (6 /xtra AvKiaKov) 128/7. He cUx;ides provisionally for the latter date l)ec'ause of the character of the writing'. No. 50 he is inclined to assifrn to 106 5 in spitti of the indications of the writing', and No. 49 to 97/6, thou;,'h he acknowhtlfjres that his c;ilculations as to the two latter are not free from doubt. There can Ik- no doubt that Colin's three dates represent fairly closely the period to which these dK'rees Ix'long and their relationship to each other. No. 4S is clearly earlier than 49 and .^O, for none of the names in it recurs in the other two, while the sons of two of the f)er- ff)nners in 48 appear in 49 and one in 50, and four of the technitae of 48 can 1m- identifitxl as the fathers of persons who l)ecame ephebi l>et\veen 10<» and 100 B.C. But I should be inclinetl to Jissigu 48 rather to the earlier of the two pythiads, that of Timarchus 138, 7 rather than with Colin to the latt<'r, that of Dionysius 128 7; for five of the performers mentionetl there appear in the lists of victors at Thespiae which Jamot places in the period 167 to 146 B.C. Even if the Thespian lists are placed as late as possible, the interval 146 to 128 seems somewhat too f^reat. I have accordiuf^ly referred No. 48 to the pericKi 138-128 b.c. Nos. 49 and 50 are not far apart, for five names appear in lx)th. They clearly lielonf^ near the end of the second and lx^<,'innin^ of the first century, for five of the performers in 49 and 50 are known fmm the lists of victors at Thespiae (second j^roup), Oropus, Orchomenus, and Tana^'ra, all of which are assignetl to the period 100-75 b. c. Colin's jmlpmeiit in re^'ardin^' 50 as earlier than 49 is confirmetl by another consideration: four of the performers in 49 were ephebi in 107-104 (one as «'arly as 119/8). The date 97 6 which Colin assi<,'-ns (the pythiad of Mwleius) therefore s»^ms intrinsically plausil)le; for it is hardly {x>ssible that these persons t(X)k part (as citharists, traf^(Hie, and singers in the paean) in the pythiad f)f Af^atluK-les 1(X5 5. There is no such obji-ctiou to assii^ning No. 50 to that year, with Colin. I have not hesitated to designate all the representativi^ of the Athenian technitae mentionwl in these three d«»crees as Atheniiins, although only the father's nam*' and not the ethnicon is given. This is not done on the a.ssumption that all memlM-rs t)f the Athenian guild were .\thenians; the Athenian Victors'-lists prov«' that this was not th»> cn.se. liut it so hap|H«ns that, whenever any of the persons wh«i consti- tuted these' tht'oriae is found in non-Attic inscriptions, he is always designat<'iXo}ji«vovs Sikvwvios, TpaywSds at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 B. c, SGDI. 2564, 1. 57. 10a. ' Avp. ' A-yxdpt]vos 4>ai8pow 'E(*''). \V. p. 137, 'A^. iMK'ause the pcxsition implies a date ca. 385 for the first victory there, which would make him a ver}' old man at the time of his association with Ah'xandt'r. Hut the re.storation in the Lenaean list IG. II 977 v(x), W. p. 14"), col.iii, 1.3, I'Ad-qvoSwp] o? II, ca. ;^12 b. c, is very plausible, see No. Txjr). 14. 'A9t]v68(»po; 'HpaKXctSov, >cu>/xw8o«, ca. ISO I'jO B.C. 'UpojiXiiToi op- fXiu)V(K \opifyii(Ta>; vpoTtpov f tTTtSwKtvt AdrjvtiOwpov Kwfj.wSov, nal trpfv ij Tropooo? SpaxMy- T] Si 6 fa iyivtro SiDpedv. Four other piisons also furnishtxl him for tlif exhibition this A'ear. Insc. lasos, Lebas-Wad. Ill, 255. In Lebas No. 257 his father's name is given and provision was made for five perfor- mances by five contributors. 14 f/. AljAos, comoedus apud Juv. 3. '.(7 (fpiote*! uniler No. 34), cf. id. fi. 198: dicas haec mollius Haemo quamcjuam et Carp TpiTuywyiaTtly ayutnjTu)^ •rrapaTpi(f>u- fityoy; and IS 2(5.5: iypupLfjuiTivi^, iyut S' ijKKXijfTia^oy. crptTuyon't'irrtt?, cy 8' idtwpovy. €v*7rijrT«<;. iyio S' iavpirroy. iirip Twy i^Opwy irnroXiTtvirai irdiTu, iyi) S' iwip TT7« 7ruTpi'6o?. C'w. De rep. 4. 11: et Aeschines Atheniensis vir elcHjueiitissimus, (piom atlule.scens tnigo«Hlias actitavisset, rempublicam wipessivit, et AristtHlenunn, tragicum item actorem, maximis de rebus pncis et I)elli legatum ad Philippum .\thenienses saepe misi-nint a pas- sage (juoted also by .\ugustine D«' civ. dei ii. 11 ; Quint, ii. 17. 12: (pio illud fpKMpie exeliiditur, ijuikI dicunt, non esse art is id, *|Uinin«'> et qui non didicerint. ad cuius rei PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECOEUM 75 coufirmationem afferunt, Demaden remigem et Aeschinen hypocriten oratores fuisse; Apollouius Vit. Aesch., p. 266. 18 West.: eTreira dTroo-ras TovTov TpLTayo)VL(TTrj^ eyeVcTo TpaywBiSiv. All this aud everything else which we know about him as an actor is derived from Demosthenes himself, whose testimony is colored by extreme prejudice and ill-will. Yet even from this source we can safely infer that he was of a good personal appearance and possessed of a fine resonant voice: Dem. 18. 129: t6v KaXov dvSpLOLVTa kol TpLTaywvi(JTr)v aKpov i^Wpexpe ere, 19. 337 (quoted below), 19. 126: 6 cro<^os Kal Setvos ovtos kol cik^wvos, 19. 199: avTCKa 8r] /u.aX' ipei Xafjivpa Trj oivrj, 19. 206: TtVa 8e (f)6eyyea6aL p.iyi(TTOV dirdvTMV kol cracfiiaTaT' dv etTTCiv o TL /3ov\oiTO Trj (}i(DVr}; Pda)(tvr)v otS' on tovtovl, 19. 216: /ATjSe y' et KaXov KoX jae'y' ovtos (^^ey^erat, 18. 259: p.7j yap o'UaO' avTov, cfjOiyyeaOai p.€v ovTOi p-iya, 6\oXvt,uv 8' ov\ inrepXapiTr pov, 18. 280: Kat p.oi SoKcts e/c Tovraiv^ Ala-^Lvrj, X6yu)vr]v yeyr^^ws Kat Xapvyyil^wv, 18. 313: Xap.Trpo(fiwv6TaTO<;, p.vqp.oviKUiTaTO<;, viroKpLTr]^ dpiaTos, rpaytKos ©toKpivrj'i. He must have been a young actor of exceptional promise, for he attracted the attention of two of the greatest actors of the time, Theodoiiis and Aristo- demus, was taken by them into their companies for important roles in classic old plays, aud, to judge from the list of the roles which he played, and the fact that Demosthenes was able to enumerate them, must have made a good impression in them. Dem. 19. 246: Tavra p-kv yap to. lap./3ei' CK $oiVt/cos i(TTiv ^vpiTTiSov TOVTO 8e TO SpS/x' oiiSeTrwTTOT' ovTC ©coStopos ovt' ' ApLaT68r]p.oa.vr)v ttj TraTpt'Si- ax' fiiv y' ovSiv ovdafiov xpv. 211. .'^2: npovpalo^ 8^. on iv Toi? 8i//xots iirthtiKWTo, di'ti^io? o>v rii' r, or? I'^tT? Trtpt t^? i/'i'XV': i)ytuvi^i(T6i. Cf. also Demochares apud Vit. .\es<-h. ((piotiHl al)ove) and Philost. Vit. soph. 1. IS. 10: 6 p.iv Ala^^vr}^ <^iAo7ror>;s re iSoKii kuI t;8is kuI avtififvo^ Kai vav To iiri'^api - Sr/ffev. SchAfer Dem. u. s. Zs' misfortuiH' in the n">le of Oiiumiaos only in the sp«tvh On the Crown, and not in the earlier spet-ches. In the PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTEIONUM GRAECORUM 77 oration On the Embassy he mocks at him as a subordinate of great actors and as one who only recently had resorted to this business to eke out a hving. To this Aeschines 2. 152 had merely resorted: rt TrwTroTe aa-^-qixov eveKu ;(p77)U,aTa)v Trpa^as; Demosthenes had there attributed his abandonment of the profession of acting to his failure to please his audiences. But the bitter taunts of the oration On the Crown and the references there to Aeschines' mihappy experiences at Collytus and in the country exhibitions with "the ranters," though repeated and ampli- fied by Demochares and Philostratus, are too excessive and too evidently animated by hate to deserve full credence. Aeschines' career as an actor was too brief for him to rise to the position of a r/DaywSds or protagonist. The roles he played were of considerable importance and not to be regarded as '"third parts." Demosthenes invented for his benefit the word " tritagonist," which he employs with constant iteration as an oppro- brious epithet. Cf., e. g., 18. 209: ifxk 8', w TpLTayMvta-Td, rov -rrepl tw wpw- TUixiv (Tvfji^ovXov Trj iroXu Trapiovra, and the passages quoted above. The word is applied to no other actor, and is used for the third actor in a company of three, such as were sent out in the period of the guilds, very rarely and in late writers. That it meant, not " actor of third roles," but "third-rate actor" is shown by Bekk. Anec, p. 309. 31: TpiTaywvio-riJs : 6 Aia^Lvr]<;, ws dSoKtynwraTos twv viroKpLTW iv rrj TpiTrj ra^ei KaTapLdiJ.ovfxevoa.yoS6<; at the Dioiiy.sia at Dekw in 279 b. c, BCH. VII (lss;{), J, lOM. 20. 'AX«{av6pos AiijiiiTp£ou 'A0Tjwaios, rpuyw^tk at the Soteria at Delj^hi in 269 B. ( ., S(i DI. 2:>r,r,. 1. .">(». M.iitifiecl with 'AAc^aj'S^ptK-j in IG. 11 977 q(cl'), ca. 27<; b. c, by Wilhelin, p. I iO; fr. q is ri^^htly assignetl to the Lenaean cataloj^e by Keiscli Z^jG. liH»7, p. 306. He is mentioned first in his company at Delphi. Kirchner No. 49'). 21. 'AX<|av8pos Mt]v( - MAyvtis] airo MaidvSpov, as v. TruAatas KWfWuSua? victor at the Musaea at Thespiae lOU 75 b. c, IG. VII 1761, BCH. XIX (1895), No. 14, p. 340; also in the epinicium. ibid. The headin;? is lost, but may saft-ly b.- n-ston-d. 22. M. Avp, "AX^^avSpos, Tpayif}B6<:TrapdSo$o<:7repioSoveiKrjs^ iinjK'rial perioil. Paton and Hicks. Ihnct. Tos, No. 129. p. 152. P.-\V. Suppl.. p. 5^1. 23. Tip. KXavS. 'AXf|av8pos Aao8iKov v |7roKptvo/xcvo? • iv 'PoStoi 8ti{T«pos ^vT, IG. XII i 125, 1. 7. as restored l)y Kaibel; see Wilhelm. pp. 206. 160. Appar- entlv the record of a tra.i^ic actor. The date is uncertain. Bethe Prolep., p. 246. sut^^ests that the poet may be Sophocles, a known poet of the first century B. c; cf. Wilhelm, pp. 255 and 205. Kirchner No. 613. 25. 'A(i€iv(as, i\ T., once victor at the J_,fnaea ca. 365 b. c, IG. It 977 t{o), VV. p. 1 15. 26. 'A|i.vKXat .... v({>pa(ov 'lo-Tiaitvs, ^•r 225). SGDl. 256s. 27. 'Aji4)ix«ip^5. I- *<•' victor at the Lenaea ca. 347 b. c. 1(t. II 977 .|^p), \V. J.. 15O|'A;i]0i^;apr,s 1, KOhler. 2W. 'AvA^iiriros or Aicijiiriros, comic didascalus, brou>,dit out a play for Anaxandrides as didascalus shortly after 349 b. c. Ui. XIV lOJS," 1. 9, C^ipps Classical Pliiloloi,'y I ( 190(5 )."p. 220. See Wilhelm Urk., p. 202. 2^». 'Av8p6-.3(>0, Machon apud .\ti». 5SI nlr : ovKtri 6' crutptu' {Tro/xo'otVrT/s (Gnathaena) Sta TO rrwvto<: t»;v r»aAmtiv 7rpoawiA»' lof ol (xir Atlyot ku\w<: !)^oui'. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTBIONUM GBAECOEUM 79 \uiTOL 8' avTiZ TO. T^s VTTOKptcreoJS, .... Kui 8c TTtOTcixravTa Tov Ai^fxoa6evr) rrapa- SovvaL avTov T<2 'AvSpovLKw, Phot. Bib]., p. 493 6 4 Bekk.: koI rore ttAcW 'AvSpovtKos 6 viroKpLTr]dvTis, V. K., played the Anasozomenos of an unknown poet at the Lenaea in 289 b. c, IG. II 972, W. p. 52 ['AvtIk^wt^s- 36. 'AvTifj.w8tas, and as ttoit^t^s Trpoa-ohtov on the same occasion. 38. 'A-ireXXfis 'A(rKa\a)viTT]s, TpaywSds, first century a. d. An intimate of the Emperor Gains, Cassius Dio 59. 5. 2 (III, p. 648 Sturz): eSorAeve (i. e.. Gains) 8e . . . . koI rots oAAois rots irepl ttjv o-Krjvrjv t^ovcn. tov yovv AttcAAj^v, tov €v8oKiix(j)TaTov TUiv TOTt TpaywSwv, Kal iv TW S-ijfJi.oaLw avvovTa ol 80 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE iti. ilxt. Suetonius Calif^r. 33: mU-r varios ifK'os. cum assistens simulacro lovis Ap«'Il»Mi trof^oeclum consuluisst't uter illi maior vitU'retur, eunctan- U'ln ttaj^i'llis (liscia\tv(Trp'ai Fcuo?. fud' ov p.€v, i? crKurrrrtov, p.tB' ov St, w^ ncrTtov .... 6 'AttcAA^S 8i Toi' OTTO 'ActkoAuivo? (sc, lov tis 'lovSatois T^uv). It is probable that he livetl to the time of Vespasian, Suet. Vesp. 19: ludis .... Vetera (jucKjue aeroamata revtK'averat. Ajx^llari trago-do quadrin- ^'eiita .... (l''dit, where Biiclieler reads Apellae, Hohde in P.-\V. pro- puses .-\p»'lli: biit probably Apelleti is to l)e restored. 3'.l. 'A-iroXXds «l>€v€dTTis, Kio/xa>8o5. accompauietl by a sinj^le synagonist (No. tr)*;). at llie .S,,t.Ti;i at Delphi e,i. 140 ICK) B. c, SGDI. 25(i9. 15. Reisch De mus. eerf., pp. lOl IT. 40. 'A-iro\Xo-y4vT)s 'OpeaYopa 'ApKcLs, rpaycuSos at the Soteria at Delphi 271 B.C.. S(iDI. 2r) ff., conjec- tures that h«' was the pugilist-actor who.se remarkable n-cord of victories ha.s \nn-n found at Tegea in an inscription of the midtlle of the third century (Dittenberger, which, however, Herzog places near 200), BCH. XVII (1893), p. 15, Ditt. Syl.- 7(J0. of which Perdrizet gives an improved text in BCH. XXIV (1900j, pp. 285 tT. Besides his victory as a Iwxer at the Ptolemaea at Alexandria, this person won at the Athenian Dionysia with I'^ur. Or«'stes; at the Argive Heraea with Eur. Herakles and Alex- andros ( Herzog, Metleia P«'rdrizet); at the Delphic Sv, V. T., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 349 b. c, IG. II 977 to), W. p. 145 ['Api(TT\lU)V I. 61. 'ApuTTtwv, V. K., twice victor at the Dionysia ca. 286 h. c, IG. II 977 6'c' (/!<•), W. p. 156. 62. *Api«rT68Tj(Aos MtTaTTovTivos ( Kal 'AOrjvaios ? I, v. T., tloruit ca. middle of the fourth century. From Mttapoiitum in Sicily, schol. Aesch. 2.15: 01T09 iirtKuXiiTO p.tv *2r£/xr, in tlie Dionysian Victors'-list, IG. II 977 jH*'), W . p. 1.37, in a position implying a dat»' ca. .3S() n. i-. for thefii-st victory, we finil 'Apt-, which Kaibel I'rk., p. 189, would n'store *,\pt|oToSi;pos |. following Capps A.I P. XX (1899), p. 40.3. The date is not against this restoration. The reptitation of Arist tXo<^povws av'Tovs eSe'^cTO (,'Ai7r7ros, wcrre tt/oos tois aAAots ^>;)Lux(n Kai oAAa €k tcov oIkclwv wapeix^v avToh- Cic. De rep. 4. 9 (quoted under No. 15) speaks of the influential political position of Aristodemus the actor. Cf. Dem. 5. 6 concerning Neoptolemus, The occasion of the first mission of Aristode- mus to Philip is related by Aeschines 2. 15: After the capture of Olynthus, in order to gain the release of the Athenian captives, TrifnrovaL -nrpea/SevTTjv 'AptaToSrjixov tov viroKpiT-qv -rrpos ^iXnnrov, Slo. Tr)v yvoiaLV Kal va Kop^uaaadai dAA' dTrAow, and Pint. Vit. Alex. 29 (under No. 13); cf. also No. 155. After the peace of Philocrates was concluded, Demosthenes accused Aristodemus of having unduly favored Philip, Dem. 18. 21 and 19. 18: Kal a.vr]pidp.r)adp.r]V oltto twv TrpwTwv iXirlSoJV CKet'vtov, wv 6 K.TrjaLcf>(ii)v Kal 6 'ApiaTo- 8rjp.o<; dTTi/yyetAav Trpos vp.a.s, 19. 12: €7r€La-$r]T€ vtt' 'AptaTo87]p,ov Kal NeoTTToAe- p.ov Kal l^Trf(TL(fi(Ji)VTO<; Kal TOiv dAAwv tcov iKelOev dirayyeXXovTwv ov8' otiovv vyte's. Cf. 19. 94: KTryo^K^wv Kal ApLaToSrjp.o'i ti]v TrpwT-qv €epov tov cA^? claiv, Ist" Si IloiAof 1) 'ApicTTuSrjfuy; airodifxiyoi to. Trpocrutvuu. yiyvovTax iiroiMadoi rpayto- Soi-iTts. (KTrnrTovTi<; kuI (TX'piTTofXfvoi, ivioTt Si tuxi pxxtTTiyovfJLtvoi Tivi IlaiAo? rj 'ApioroSry/ios avrl Aio9 ^fuv Avuiri(f>r]va^, and 41: d»'ay#CT7 Si-ou- ^arepoi' i^rot FlaiAov koI 'ApuTTo&Tjfxov Kai SdrvpoF Tjyuadai at diois tlvfu Tort rj to. Trpoaunra tuiv ^&iiv. OTTCp ytiVotoruToj' oifuu. Tlie statement of schol. ad loc., vVoKptVoiTo orv (i.e., I'olus and Aristodemu.s) iv tuis rpayuiStais Kat rats KuifjiwSitu<: Kal dtois, is worthless. Critolaus apud Aul. Gell. 11. 9. 2 tells a story which illu.s- trates his professional reputation: cum interog^a.s.set (i. e., Demosthe- nes) Arist(xlemum actorem fabularum. quantum mercedis uti Ji^eret acce{)isset, et Aristotlemus "talentum" respondi.sset, '"at ego plu.s," incjuit, "accepi ut tacerem." But the same story is told of Polus by \'it. X. Urat. 84H b (under No. 421) and of Dematles ami an unknown "(iraecu.s tragoedus" by C. Gracchus apuil Aul. Gell. 11. 10. H. Uf the nickname "Stemphylius" no explanation has Ix-en offered; but Wilhelm, p. 189, n. 3, su-«,'ests that the actor Stemphlylius] (No. 44:^). ca. 310 B. (1.. wa.s a descendant; very doubtful. On Aristcxlenius in jreneral .st-e -Judeich in I'.-W., Schfifer Dem. u. seine Z«>it. I-', pj). 244 ff., and II^ pp. 193 tr.; Volker. pp. 203 IT. 63. 'ApwTTOKpdTTis, V. K., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 285 b. c, Ui. II 977 z{r), \V. p. 1.^.3. ♦>-l. 'ApMrTOKpai-qs ZwtCwvos 'AKapvdv, rpaywSo^ at the Sot»Tia at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2r>Hr), 1. 'y[; father or son of Hwritnv 'AKapvdv, rpaywSo^ at D«>los in 2r)9 b. v. (No. 4r)7), Keisch De mus. cert., p. 97. fif). 'ApicTT^KpiTos, Tpayu>8os, present with Alexander at Suwi in 324 b. c. Chares apud Ath. r)38/ (quot(Kl under No. 13). Probably to l)e restore*!, with Wiiiielm. in the Lenaean Victoi-s'-list IG. II 977 /(o), W. p. Ho: 'Api\(TTi'>KpiToi-\, ca. 320 B. c. See No. 52. VOlk«>r, p. 211, su«j;;ests, but as doubtful, that he may U' the pers«)n whom PixtMlarus. satrap of Garia. s«>nt as aml)assador to Philip ca. .'{.38 n. c. IMtit. \'it. .\le\. lOKpiot.tl under No. 2.39); highly iini)robabl»'. ()<). 'ApwrT^jioxos, i: k., thrice victt)r at the Lenaea c;i. 292 B. c, IG. II 977 //(»), \\ . p. i.").'?. \'ApiaT6fjLa\)^\os-] was restore\f). \\. p. I.')«>. In Ri. II 972. \V. p. r>2, we have a record of his appeaninc«» at the Lenaea in 289 and 2H8 b.«-.: -frriSi (psil)ly th.- fath<-r of PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 85 Philonides s. Aristomachus of Zacynthiis, No. 495, cf. Capps AJA. IV, p. 81, aud Wilhelm, p. 152. 67. 'Apio-TOfi^vTis, twice victorious, IG. II 977 m'(a'), W. p. 164, assigned to the list of comic actors by Reisch ZoG (1907), p. 306, middle of the third century b. c. Identification and date uncertain. 68. 'Apio-Topievt^s, V. K., second century a. d., Ath. 115 6.- v7roKpLTr]<; Sk rjv dpxoLta<; KUifjLwSui^ dTreXcv9cpo<; tov fiovaiKoiTaTov /SacnXews 'ASptavov, KaAou/tevos vir' avTov ''ATTtKOTrepStt-' 69. [ * Ap]iiXCinrov Kw8a9r]vai€vs, the comic poet, is said by schol. Eq. 230 to have played the part of Creon in the Knights; but this is doubtless a false inference from the text. 71. 'Api(rTo<(>avtis SoXstis, kcu/xwSos at the Dionysia at Delos in 279 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 108. 72. 'Apio-To ACTIM. I.N ANCIENT GREECE Identiliftl by Wilhflm, p. 141, with the tnigic actor in. iitioneti bv Livy, att* No. 75; very (l()ul>tfiil. 7M. 'ApUrTMv 'Ido-ovos, as v. Kutrr;? rpuyuySia^ victor at the Musaea at Thespiar ca. l(K)-7r» b. c, IG. VII 17*;K BC'II. XIX (1895), Xo. 14, p. 340. 7'J. 'ApK«r(Xaos 'I^pwvos KopCvOtos, tra^'ic didasciilus at the Soteria at Delphi ill 270 b. c, SGDI. 2.")^)."), I. 56. The name is probably to l)e re- storeil in IG. II ^*77 pos, Kwfji(o66^. probably second century a. d. ( S/xi-pmw ? ), ridiculed by Strato of Sardis in Anth. Pal. 12. 193: ovS* Sftupmuw Ne/i£- (Ttidtyyr]irayd' i'/roKpivofU.vo':. fxvTjadjffTri Tovrtov, V7rtpijav€, Kal L\i)crti.<;, kol KwfiwSijau^ T>/v ' Ajto- K\uofj.cvr)v.' The play of Poseiilippus is probably referred to; cf. Xo. 490. 83. M. A«£8ios 'ApT€jit8«pos Koplv6io$, as rpuyotSos victor at the Mu.siea at Thespia.-, first half of third century a. d.. IG. VII 1776. BCH. XIX (1895), Xo. IS, }j. 345. 84. 'ApT<|4«v, apparently v. t., mentioned in an Attic inscription pub- lished by Wilhelm Urk., p. 230: v7r]o>cpiTai' — 'Ajprt/xwv — a^tMi- -- Xpi»crtWw — eVtKu, and identified by him as l)elonj,'ing to IG. II 1356. Tp]ayf third cMiiiry b. i ., BCfl. XXVI (1W2). p. 267, Wilhelm L'rk.. p. 230. 86. 'Apx^aos, Tpaytf>66<:, phic^l by Lucian De conscrib. hist. 1. in the reign of Lysiniachus (3<>6-28l): 6 rpayu^Sd?, o'Soki/aoii' rdrt .... Tpayo>8»)." vjr' '\p)^iov tov AiTorarpw fiorjOux it o^. iXi'l^ifhj i\.t'., Hypereiiles). The time of his iictivity ;is an actor is fixed l)y the I.enaean Victors' list Kl. II 977 u{z), W.p 145, ca. 32'.> B.C., 'Apxi'us-, whom Wilhelm rightly iih-ntifirs. Tli.- ;uT.niiit nf his raptun> ..f Dfinos. PROSOPOGKAPHIA HISTRIONUM GBAECOEUM 87 thenes is related by several: Vit. X. orat. 846/, Pint. Vit. Dem. 28: wv T]y€fx.hiv rjv 'Ap^tas 6 KXr]6el<; ' (livya8o6rjpa<;.' tovtov 8k ®ovpLOv ovra tw yeVei Xdyos t)(Ci T/oaywStus viroKpivtcrdaL irore, kol tov AlyivqTrjv IIwAov tov VTrep- /SaAoira rrj rex^r] Travras eK€Lvov ycyovevai fjiadrjTr]v laropovaiv. 'Ep/AiTTTTOS 8e TOV 'Ap^Lav iv Tois AuKptVov toC priTopo<; puaOr]Ta.'iw Ar][XT^TpLO<; 8k T^s ' Ava^ L/xevovs 8iaTptftrj<; /xerecr^^T^KeVat (fi-qcrlv avTov. oStos ovv 6 'Ap^ui^ 'Yirepu8r]V fjikv TOV prjTopa koI 'ApioroviKOV tov Mapa^wvtov koI tov ArjfJirjTpiov tov ^aXr]pioi<: dSe\<^6v 'Ip.epu'tov iv Alyivrj Karac^vyovra? iwl to AlaKeiov airoa-irdaa^ tTre.fX\pev ets KAeojvas Trpos 'AvTtVaTpov kolku 8u<^da.pr}(jav^ YTr€pei8ov 8k Koi ttjv yXoiTTOv iKTfjL-qOrjvai Xiyovai. Ibid. 29: cSo'kci (i. e., to Demosthenes) yap avTaywvL^eaOaL Tw 'Ap^ta TpaywStav VTrOKpivop.evo'i, evrjfJiepuyv 8k kol KaTe^wv to OiaTpov iv8eia ■Kapa(TK€vrj-75 b.c, IG. VII 3197. Kirchuer No. 2684. 98. 'AttoXos, comic actor or comic poet, uncertain date, in.sc. Teos, CIG. ^^08S: K(i>/xo>8tu<; 'At'itoAo?]. 10(). AvTOKpdrTu, TfMiyw&os at th<' Diouvsia at Df^los in 171 B.C., BCH. IX (1HH5), p. 117. ' 101. AvTdXvKos'Ao-riuvos AItwX6s, kw/aju&k at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 ami 270 n.c. SGDI. 2r>*hl. 1. 66. 2565. 1. 68. identified by Capps AJA. IV (1900), p. Ml, witii Antolycus, v. «., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 278 B.C., IG. II 977 2(ri, W. p. 15,3. He is Ixjth times mentionetl first in his company ;it 1)»-Iplii. 102. 'A^ , K(j)nw66<: at the Dionysia at Delos in 280 B.C., BCH. VII (1883), p. 106. accordin-,' to the reading' of Hobinson AJP. XXV (1904), p. 186. li».{. BttKx-, I'. T. victor at the Lenaea ca. 315 B.C., IG. II 977 n.ri. \V. p. 115. 101. Bo-, Id. II 977 lit ut ), \V. p. 1»')-1, assi^mnl by Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. .306, to L-'tiaean list of comic actors. Doubtful. 105. Fa^iKis A{lav((Ti]$, k(j>ixu>S<'/;, i^ijcrtv ir-q u\ iiisc. M is-tiuiii. Ui. XIV 874, unct'itaiii nis and participant in the paean and scenic contest at D«'lphi as repres«Mitativ«' of the Athenian t^-chnitae ca. 97 B.C., BCH. XXX [1^)), No. 49, p. 277. 11. 16. ;«. His fathtT. Herach'ides s. Glancias. ap\idiijjp6<: il)id. No. 48. p. 272. I. 7. \va> son of '\\fMiK\iL8r}<: KpnD€tk I(i. II 984, 1. 15, and ^'randson of 'HpuKXet'Sj/s y,nHTiKpa.Tov;- Not in Kirchner. IO.S. rXavK(at E«o-6iQ)v victor at the Am phiaraia at On.puH .sth places by H.'isch Z«Ui. l'.<07, p. 'M)t\, cf. Pliny N. H. xxxv. iJ.3: mirantur eius (sc. Apt'llis) llabronem Sami, Menandrum re^'em Carine Hhodi, item PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 89 Aucaeum, Alexandreae Gorgostheuen tragoedum, etc. The dates of the name in the Victors'-lists show that he was in fact a contemporary of Apelles. 110. A-, IG. II 977 m'{a'), col. ii, 1. 4, W. p. 164, assigned by Reisch to the catalogue of Lenaeau comic actors. Doubtful. 111. A-, IG. II 977 m'(a'), col. ii, 1. 10, W. p. 164, assigned by Reisch to the catalogue of Lenaean comic actors. Doubtful. Ilia. Ai-, IG. II 977 m'{a), col. ii, 1. 8, W. p. 164, assigned by Reisch to the catalogue of Lenaean comic actors. If this is right, restore At[oyetTa)v-], No. 136. Doubtful. 112. Aa|i.6Ti,ji.os T£n,«vos 'AjAPpaKnoTiis, kw/awSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 269 B. c, SGDI. 2566, 1. 62, Michel 895, Ditt. Syl.- 691. 113. Aduarpos nov0«ao Tpaya/rvSo5, spurious inscription from Corcyra, GIG. 1583, Rhein Mus. XVIII, p. 549. 114. AaixoKXtis TijxoKpdT€os Al-yitvs, synagonist (tragic or comic?), €v8a/x7/cras avvayMVL^aTO fxera 'AptcrTcos, inscr. Delph., ca. 155 B.C., SGDI. 2723. Cf. No. 73. 115. Ad|ia)v Ev8tj|iow Mtyaptvs, TpayaiSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 34. 116. Adjtwv, 11. K., acted a play by Paramonus after the poet's death, also the Poetes of Biottus, Dionysia, in 167 b. c, IG. II 975 c, W. p. 70, and in 155 b. c. acted the Heautou Katapseudomenos of Chaerion and the Agnooun of Biottus, and as kw/awSos brought out the Philathenaios of Philippides as TraAaca, ibid. fr. d, W. p. 70. Wilhelm, p. 256, plausibly identifies him with No. 117. 117. Adjiwv B£wvos, Athenian, kw/awSos, participant in the paean and scenic contest at Delphi 138-128 b. c. as representative of the Athenian guild of technitae, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 48, p. 272, 11. 10, 25. Same as No. 116? Not in Kirchner. 118. Adjjiwv Ev7€(tovos, Athenian, comic synagonist, participant in the paean and scenic contest at Delphi in 106 b.o. as representative of the Athenian guild of technitae, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 11. 18, 31. Possibly of the same family as Eugeiton, No. 187. Not in Kirchner. 119. A€|iKpdTTis, V. K., see No. 133. 120. AeliXaos, KO)[xio86^ at the Dionysia at Delos in 284 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 104. 121. At'pKCTos, V. K., victor at the Lenaea ca. 290 b. c, IG. II 977 y{u), W. p. 153, and once at the Dionysia ca. 287 b. c, ibid. fr. b'{f'), W. p. 156. 122. AepKvXos, V. K., fifth cent. b. c, schol. Arist. Vesp. 78: 6 AepKvAos, KW/AIKOS VTTOKpLTrj^. 123. Ati|A-, V. K., victor at the Lenaea ca. 216 b. c, IG. II 977 a', W. p. 153. 90 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTIN<; IN ANCIENT GREECE 124. AnijUas 'Avo^iKpAxou 'Aerjvaios, Kaj/x(i*3'i, 1. ♦Vi, wheiicf the name was restoreve. p. 42, n. 126 a. AT)|i^Tpios NittaCov MiXV^o-ios, as v. TruAma; TfjaywSia<; victor at Samos second century b. c, Gardner in JHS. VII (1886), p. 118, 1. 3, who f?ives Ar/^j/Tpio9 'SiKapxov, corrected by Capps T.\PA. XXXI (1900), p. 136; ibid., 1. 9, was victor as v. Kaiviuv rp. Michel 901. 127. Aiiii^Tpios 'ApwrTo8T||iov, Athenian, tragic synagonist. represented the Athenian guild of tt-chnitae at Delphi ca. 97 b. c.. BCM. XXX i 1'.«h;i, No. 49. p. 278, 1. .'{8. Not in Kirchner. 128. Aiip.T|Tpios ArifiTjTptov, Athenian, koj/hwSos at Delphi as representa- tive of the Athenian -uild of technitae cii. 97 B.C.. DCH. XXX (19(^\ No. 49, p. 278, 1. ;i-}. Son of n^'daLCTTi^^ ttuTs at Delphi in 138 b. c. ibid, p. 198, 1.11? Identical with | jo? X-qti^Yrpiov 'A^mto? (No. r>41), koj/xw- 8« at the Sarapieia at Tanagra 100-75 b. c, IG. VII 540, and with A>;/A7/T/jtos ^i]fjL7]Tptov TptKopi'xTio?, 6 cTTi TO. Itpd, CIG. 230>5, ca. 95-88 b. c, Kirchner No. ;U47? 129. ATifif|Tpi.os 0«o8oo-(ov, .Vtlienian. *,(.)/:xw8«<; at Delphi as representative of the Athenian guild of technitae c-a. 97 B.C. BCH. XXX (I'.KM;). No. 49. p. 278, 1. ;^5. Not in Kirchner. l.'M). Aiiji^Tpios, comofnlus a)»ud .luv. 3. 97, quot»ii inuler No. 'M. Characterized by Quint. 11. 3. 178: maximos actores como^nliarum Demetriuin et Stratoc-lea placere dive-rsis virtuti!)us viilimus. seti ilUul minus mirum cjuod alter »leos et iuvenes et l)onos patres servosque et matronas (>t graves aims optime, alter acres .senes, ca 11 id* )s servos, parasitoi, leiiones et omnia agitatoria melius, fuit enim natura divei-sa, nam vox (pi(K|iie Demetri iucundior, illius acriorend. annotandae memoriae magis proprietates (juae transferri non poterant. manus iactare et dulces ex- daniationes theatri causa i)roducere et ingredi«'ntlo ventum concipeiv vest*' et non ninn(|uain dextro lat«'re fac«'re gestus, qu(Kl neminem alium nisi Demelrium tlecuit, nam in Ikuh." omnia statuni et mira specie adiuvabatur; ilium cursus et agilitas et vel parum conveniens personae risus, (|uem non ignarus rationis po})ulo ilal)at et contracta etiam cer- vicula. i|niii(iiiiciss««t, fo«>., tit. s.p. Ivoine, JG. .\ I \ l.i."!*"), 1( i Iviv. I 211: Ar;/ii/rp((y nuifjo^tSw oi (f , i//itp«is PKOSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GKAECORUM 91 iS'. ev{pv)(€i A77/A[7/]Tpte. ouSei? d^avaros- fxvyjixr]^ civeKcv. By Cagnat and La Faye in IGRR. wrongly identified with the contemporary of Qiiintilian, No' 130. 132. IloirXios 2€^Ti\ios IIoTrXfou vlos Aini'qTpios, TpaywSos dvtKTjTOS, insc. Rome, IG. XIV 1099, IGRR. I 159. 133. AtiiioKpoiTTis, V. K. once victor at the Lenaea ca. 244 b. c, IG. II 977 za'ic), W. p. 143, A[?7/Ao]KpdTr;s or A[e^t]KpdT7?s, W. p. 155. 134. ArjiAocTTpaTos, comic didascalus, last quarter of the fifth century B.C., brought out a play for Eupolis Ath. 216d; Ern-oAts t6v AvtoXvkov StSd^a? Slol ArjiMoaTpdrov )(X.cvd^eL Tr]V vlkyjv tov AvtoXvkov. Nothing is known of him as a poet. 135. Atj(xolXo<; Atwvos StvwTrtvs (the comic poet) are mentioned on the same sepvdchral inscription IG. II 3343, dated by Wilhelm Urk., p. 60, in the early part of the third century b. c; see Capps AJA. IV (1900), p. 83, n. 1 and AJP. XXI (1900), p. 47, n. 2. As poet he brovight out two plays at the Lenaea of 288 b. c, IG. II 972. On Diodorus of Sinope see Robinson Ancient Sinope, Prosopographia, and Kirchner No. 3959. 142. AioSwpos, Ka)/i,a>8ds, member of the guild of technitae at Ptolemais in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, BCH. IX (1885), p. 132, Michel 1017, Ditt. Orient. Gr. Inscr. 51. 'J2 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 14.'i. AiokXtJs AiokX^ows "AOiivaios, T/xiyw8iH-iXi]- fjLOVi): Tof TpaywSov AioKAai i. He is mentioned first in his company at Delphi. Kirehn.-r No. 'AWl. 144. AioKX'ns Al«rxivov, Atlu-iiian, tragic hypodidasciilus and didascalus TO? fuydXov xopoi at Delphi representing? the Athenian guild of technitae ca. UTr.c. BCH. XXX (19()6). No. 49. p. 277, 11. 15, 18. 48. Not in Kirchiit r. 145. Aiop.T|8Tis 'A9iivo8wpov, .Vthenian. traj,'-ic syna^'onist. representative of the Athenian f,niild of technita.- at D.-lphi in 106 B.C.. BCH. XXX (1906), No. .50. p. 288, 1. 'M. Wilht-hu. p. 2.5(5. prohahly is right in identi- fying with A. 'A. 'A&ijvaioi, ttoij/tt;? Kw^wStwf in a votive inscription of Epidaunis. IG. IV 11.56, whose statue was set up in the Athenian theater with the inscri{)tion Atofti/8»7s. IG. ITT 9.52, identified in turn by Cajjps A.I P. XXI (1899). p. 47. n.2. with the comic poet A. 'A. nipyafir,v6^ in Kern Tnschr. von Magnesia 88 6. A native of Pergamum. he was ad- mitted to Athenian citizenship, and evidently befort^ the Pythiail of 106 B. V. in which he participated as an Athenian. See above, p. 72, and Kirchner No. 4071 and Vol. II, p. 4.55. 146. Aiovvuy<{)81, assigntKl by lieisch Zi)G. (1907;. p. ."^Hi. to the Lenaean list t)f comic actors, midille of the thiixl century. Doubtful. If comic actor, plausibly id(«ntifi«>/r[Tios], who was ephebe in 101 b. c, IG. II 467, 1, 134. See No. 508 b. Not in Kirchner. 158 a. Ai6tiho[s Auo]tC|aov Md-yvTjs [onro MaidvSpov], vTroKpLTr)<;, uncertain date, insc. Teos, Lebas-Wad. III. 92, Brother of Hermotimus No. 180. 159. A£wv 0€v8(opou 'Axai6s, kco/awSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 b. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 52. He is mentioned first in his company. 160. ACwv A(«vos, Athenian, kw/awSos, participated in the paean and scenic contest at Delphi as representative of the Athenian guild of tech- nitae 138-128 B. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 48, p. 272, 11. 11, 25. Not in Kirchner. 161. AKigiTTiros, see under 'Avdgiiriros, No. 28. 162. ApdKuv AvKwvos TapavTivos, TpaywSds at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 B.C., SGDI. 2564, 1. 50. Identified by A. Korte N. Jahrb. f. klass. Alt. Ill (1900), p. 86, with ApaKwv rpaywSds in the accounts of the Delian hieropoioi, BCH. XIV (1890), f. 396: x^P*? ''"*? y^ofxev(ii toTs kw/xwSoTs koI Tw Tpayw8(2 ApaKovTi, rots errtSei^a/xei/ois tw 6e<3. At the Delian Dionysia he performed in 280 b.c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 107, . aa , corrected by Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900), p. 117, confirmed by Robinson AJP. XXV (1904), p. 186, and in 279 b. c, ibid, p. 108, 'AaapaKwv, corrected by Homolle BCH, XIV (1890), p. 502, to Apaxcov. He is mentioned first in his company at Delphi. 163. A«p69£os AwpoO^ou Tapavrlvos, as ii, (raTvpoiv victor at the Charitesia at Orchomenus 100-75 b.c, IG. VII 3197. 94 HISTOKY OP ACTOBS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 164. E-, V. T.. victorat the Leuiua ca. 318 b. c, IG. II 977 via-), W. p. 45. 165. £(*? s, u. T., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 337 b.c, IG. II 977 n(zK W. p. 145. 166. 'EKaratos, v. k., acted the IMiilocIesjK)tos of Sogeui's at the Dionysia in 1H2 B. c, I(i. II 975 b, \V. p. 72. 167. 'EXirlviicos 'EiriKparov, Athenian, tragic hypodidascalus, ambas- sador to the Aiiiphictyonic Council on Iwhalf of the Athenian Diouysiac artists in \:W2\) u. c, IG. II 551, 11. 46, 72, Michel 10()«). Another copy BCH. XXIV ( 19()0), p. 82. For the date see Fer^nison Priests of Askle- pios. Sinitfer of the paean at D«-lphi representing,' tlie Athenian f^iild of t.'chnitae ca l;i8 128 B. c. BCH. XXX (19()t;). No. 4S. p. 272. 1. 15. Not in Kirchner. 1»)8. 'Efip4vC8i]s, V. K., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 282 b. c, IG. II 977 z{v), \V. }). 153; victor at the Dionysia ca. 280, ibid. r(ir,, W. p. 156. 169. "EirojMtvwv, V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 282 b. c, IG. II 977 rf'(s), W. p. 157. yj-jrafi(\iywv-\; twice at the Dionysia a little Ix'fore 278 a. c, ibid./V). W. p. 159. id.ntified by Reisch Z<3G. (1907^. p. 306. 170. 'E-iri-y^>^S .... SttTopvclvo 'HpaKXciw-rqs toO IldvTOv, nwfxwSo'i. iTisiv Ki\ Xtttp«T«, tit. Sep. l.rslxis. Arch. Ztg. XII (1S54). p. 514. 171. 'E-irtviKos, i: T., four times victor at the Lenaea ca. 258 b. c. IG. II 977 it\n). W. p. 166. assi;,'necitetXa»vos 0«TTaX6s, r/juywrto's- at the Soteria at Drlphi in 272 b. c, SGDI. 256;{, \.-AS. 175. 'EpdTwv, Kwfiitk&ui, broiif,dit out the Me<,'arikaof Simylus as ttuAuiu at th(! Dionysia in 185 b. c, IG. II 975 «, col. ii, W. p. 70. 176. *Ep>tvos ZijivXou KaiXos, Ku)fHf>6vKi b. c, I'.Cll. \ 11 ( lss;{), pp. lOiJ, 112 (on p. WJ {or'Kpy64>i\o<;'Up»\i'/A)>os; .see luider No. 254). 178. 'Ep^Tv^o*, KwntttSoi at the Dionysia at D. los in 263 a. c. lUll. \ 11 (1KS3). p. 112. 179. 'Epp,6SoTos, T/xtyu>^(»s- ( ?). iinccitain date, insc. Teos, Lekis Wad. 111. 92, .jiiolrd und.r No. ISO. lS(l. 'Ep)i6Ti(iOt 'ApxikX«(ov tow Aiortfiov Mdyvris dtro Maidv8pou, iVoKpiW/? (TitTvpioy, insc'.Tfos, uncertain datr, Lrbas Wad. 111,92: »(»c»/ld.yoi'avTos, V. K., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 240 b. c, IG. II 977 za(v), W. p. 153. Coujecturally restored by Capps TAPA XXXI (1900), p. 134, by identification with the actor mentioned by Jason apud Ath. 620 d in connection with a celebration probably in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus: 'laorojv .... <^r?(7tv eV tu> |u,eyaA.w Scarpa) (in Alex- andria) VTTOKpivaaOai 'Hyrjaiav tov KWfjiwSov to, 'HcrtdSor, 'Kp/xocjiavTov 8e to. 'Ofxripov. Probably not to be identified with No. 182, see Wilhelm pp. 155, 254. 182. 'EpiJi64>avTos, viroKpiTr]rj(n Sia tov 'E/aittttov, Acat tov Si/Aep/xwj/a tov tovtov vTroKpLTiijv. oiSe Trpea(3vTr]<; : WS EnTToAtS iv TOL^ XIpOCTTraATt'oi?, 7] WS CIS TOVTO TO fJiipO'i eV€Tr L(l>0p0V OVTa TOV "Epfjinnrov {ol Se St/Aep/xojva tov viroKpiTrjv, Musurus). Pollux 4. 88 records this incident in his career: "Epyncov rjv Kw/xojSt'as vTroKptTrj<;. Xd^wv 8k ficTo. TToAAovs (sc. eiatevat), 6 fxkv dTrrjv tov dedTpov t^s t;t. 1. »;:{. IHfi. ECapxos 'Hpo8<5Tov Kop«v«us, as v. TroAma? K6ais victor at the Musaea at Tlu-^pis KK) Tf) b. i., IG. VII 176<), Michel 892; as v. kcuv^ K(u/x(((&as victor at the Amphiaraia at Uropus soon after WJ b.c. ibid. 417; at th«' C'haiit«'sia at Orchoiuemis as jxTforiner of the iiriviKiov: to. tVuiKia Ku,fuxf:vS6<:, Kl. KlfioS6Tov K.. ibid. 31%, Michel S9-1, ca. 100-7.') b. c. LS7. EvYi(Twv Evfi,f|8. Cf. EifjLy&q^: El-yuTovo<: Acvkovo«vs in a tit. .sep. third centviry B. c, IG. II 2301, which furnishes the denioticon. Not in Kirchuer. 188. Ev8aC)ui>v 'Attikov Oi^^atos, as rpaywSov victor at tlie Musaea at Thespiae HH W.) a. u. iU'll. XIX ( ISU.")), No. 17. p. 345. 189. EC8ii(to«. Kwfiwdo^ (rpi's) at the Dionysia at Delos in 201 b. c. BC'H. VIKlss;',). p. lir,. 1*.H). EC81KOS 'AXk£(iou, Athenian, tni^^'ic synaj^onist at Delphi as repre- sentative of tlie Athenian «0«), No. 49, p. 278, 1. 38. Not iu Kirchner. 191. Evfp-y-, V. K., victor at the Dionysia in 163 a. c, IG. II 975 <\ W. p. 69, as restoretl l)y Reisch fvTro] El-tpy [ - tviKa]. Kdhler re.storeil [iirl] Ev€p[y oi'K iycvtTo], retained l)y Wilhelni. Reisch is prokibly v'\}:;ht, for no archon Euerg- is known and there is no other instance in 975 of the failuie of the comic contest for three 55ucces.sive years. 192. EvSCas, comic actor for poet), uncertain date, IG. II ^SS, Kail)el Epif^. Gr. .'58: ^jjAoi o-' 'EAAa? iraaa irodu 6' Itpoi^ iv ayCxriv, Ei'Oia, ovk iSiKO}^ • 05 Tc;(rf I, o\)(l <^i'>dyw KtDfiwSia ij^iyiXwri ! SciVepo? wv Tfi^ii npQiTO'i t(f>v<; d(y^ovTui, Kttvov 8' 'E/\Aa? ail aroa]y. Hut it is more likely that lOuthias was a p(H>t (cf. cro4>i(f.) of natural ability who diinl youn^ before h(> had won the prize; cf. No. .T2&'u« MtUvtitJi' dywvodrrwv ilxVu) irriSiOKav KwfiifSor Ki'tcAj;!- '\ap./3ov r)fiipa<: 8uo, kul tj Oia cyti'tTO 8u>ptdv. 195. EiKpArns, Tptiyi^i'x: at the Dionysia at Delo> in 171 n. r.. BCH. IX (1885). p. 117. I'.W). Evir6X«nos, i. r., vietor at the Lenaea ca. 3iHln.r., UJ. 11 977 .s. W. p. llf). 197. Evpfijiwv, i. r., once vict<»i- at the Lenaea ca. 272 n. « .. IG. 11 977 PROSOPOGRAPHTA HISTRIONUM GRAECORDM 97 q(d'\ W. p. 141, assigned to the Lenaeau list of tragic actors by Keiscb, ZoG. 1907, p. 306. 198. Evpi-irtSrjs, tragic didascalus, son or nephew of the great poet, brought out the Aulian Iphigeneia, etc., in 404 b. o., schol. ad Arist. Ran. 67, Suidas s. EvptTrtSijs. 199. EvTVXTlS EvTvxovs, Ka)/u,(£)86s 'AcrtavetKr;? 'le/DaTroAetTT^s, insc. Aphl'O- disias of 127 b. c, Lebas-Wad. Ill 1619, a decree of the sacred synod of technitae of which he was eTrio-raTTjs. Cf. No. 238. 200. M. EvTvxiavos 'AOiivaios, as kw/xwSos victor at the Musaea at Thespiae, first half of the third century a. d., IG. VII 1776, BCH. XIX (1895), No. 18, p. 346. 201. EvTvxos, Ka)yu,(o8osi T. IIAeivt'a) Evrv^^w kw/xojSu) F. IIA,£tvtos Zwaifios avvTp6(f)(o Koi aTreXf.v6f.pw Tet/xtcoTaro), insc. Rome, IG. XIV 1946, IGRR. I 332. The dedicator Zosimus was identified by Borghesi with Zosimus the freedman of Pliny Min., Ep. 5. 19: quod si essem natura asperior et durior, frangeret me tamen infirmitas liberti mei Zosimi cui tanto maior humanitas exhibeuda est, quanto nunc ilia magis eget. homo probus, oflSciosus litteratus; et ars quidem eius et quasi inscriptio comoedus in qua plurimum facit, nam pronuntiat acriter, sapienter, apte, decenter etiam utitur et cithara perite ultra quam comoedo necesse est; idem tarn com- mode orationes et historias et carmina legit ut hoc solum didicisse videatur. Kaibel regards the identification as improbable; but see Prosop. Imp. Rom. 202. EvxapC8T]s *Eirix<5pov 'Oirovvrios, rpaywSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 33. 204. 'Ext'viKos, V. K., once victor at the Dionysia ca. 288 b. c, IG. II 977 6 (/'), W. p. 156. Name restored by Wilhelm; Kohler [TeXjmKos, for which the space is insufficient. 205. 'ExtTos, V. T., four times victor at the Lenaea ca. 260 b. c, IG. II 977 o{n), identified by Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 306. 206. ^\dpios *AX^|avSpos ZetXas NeiKojAnScvs, /StoAoyos, uncertain date, insc. Tralles, Lebas-^Yad. III 1652 b : rj ^ovXr) koI 6 SiJ/aos irccfxriafv ^Xa.fii.ov AAegavOpov [Z]et[A]av NeiKO/ArjSca y8ioAo'y[o]v 'AcnoveiKrjv Sid re Tr)v tot) Ipyov V'ne.p6\iqv koI to Kocrfjuov tov ^6ovs veiKrjaavTa Se iv 'Ao-ta dyaivas Irf, iv Avkm 0€ Kol Ilafji(f>v\La. Ks ■ (3ovXevTr]v 8e 'Avrto^eoji/ Ka, 'HpaKAewroiv yepovaiacTTrjv Se MciAtjctiwv. 207. ZwtXos ZwtXov SvpdKoo-ios, as v. TraAatas Kw/AwStas victor at the Amphiaraia at Oropus soon after 86 b. c, IG. VII 420. 208. 'Hy^oxos Kwrdpou, v. t., latter part fourth century b. c. What we know of him is due almost entirely to his wretched performance of Euripides' Orestes in 408 b. c, in which, as the passage fi'om Strattis quoted below shows, he played the leading part, and especially to his 98 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IX ANCIENT GREECE rPfitatUill of 1. 279, ck KX'fiaTiuv yap av$i<; av yaXijv' opui; cf. schol. ad loc. KiKtufj^Si/jTat 6 6d(TavTa BuXtiv Ti]v crvvuAoi<^j/v <7rtAet'(/'aKro9 tov Trvti'/wiTO? toi? axpo^rvo(9 ttji- 'yoA^v' So^at Acyetr TO ^wov, dAA' ov)(l to. * yaXrjvd.' iroAAoi piv oiv aiTo Sitirai^av Tui' KojpxKwv, 'Api.(TTodvnrj<; Kal STpaTTi? (v ' AvdpurTroppaiCTTr] (I, p. 711, Kock) .... ' Kvpiiridov 8* 6pdpa St^iwruTOi' dttxmicr" (i.f., the Archou) 'Opi(TTr]V, 'Hyf\o\ov TOV KviTcipov ( KiKvapou Bt'lltlt-V, Kvvrapoi' Dilldorf) pnadtocrdp^'os TO. wpwTa TcLv tTrad/ \eytiv.' kuI iv tlAAoi? rrat^ajr (p' it ytvoiprjv pryaXrj, dAA' Hyt'Ao;^©? oixTos pn prji'i'Cruiv uv 6 TpayiKO? dvuKpdyoi t' ay ets (\6pois fJi-fya ■ * ck KvpdTwv.' etc. He was iiKK'keil also by Aristopliaii«'s. Kan. IMXi: i^tcm 6' wcnrtp 'HyeAox©? rfplv Af'ytif ' tK KVfuiToji', etc.," cf. schol. atl loc.: 'Hyt'Ao;^os 6 Tpaytxos iiroKpi-nj^ oiv TOV EvpiTTt'oov OpicTTrjv iiroKpivopxvos oiToi -rrporjveyKaTo wan pij i'rro\ti>p^crai (K Ti]': (rwu\oir]<: to 'yuAi7va,' oAAa 8ia)^wp^(Tai pdXXov, uxTTt. 66^ui rijy 'yoA^r* ui-Tov etTTtiv. schol. Dion. Thiac. Gminni. Cir. Ill, p. 1K3. 22 (Hil^'anl): Kal yap 'Hyt\o)(owy'i]v IlAaTojv <7K8o< at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B.C., SCtDI. 25»»3, 1. 58. The name is probably to !)<• restoreil in the Lenaean list U;. II 977 zn\ W. p. 153. ca. 21Sb.c.: 'HlyT^rm]? I I. The initial letter Kohler reports as h. thou<,'h Wilhelm .ifives only I. 210. 'Hy^o-iititos, Tpyi^t(T6ai pijTt Tptiyw^tuv, cSoKti Ncpwvi Tpay*^* Sovs vifcixv. Kat Trapj/\doy ei? W/v uycDVuiv ravrrjy irAtt'ois ficV, o 8' 'Mirtipwrr]^ dpifTTa - doTo^, (vkdrTtTo Kal tov aTidyov (pdv Kal pr}S' aiijcruy TrpoTtpov i) SiKa ToAavTa Soi'vat' ot Ncpjuvu iirtp tt/? yiK7j<;. o 8' rfypiaiyi t< kuI puvtKiii<; «?;(«• Kal yap 8»; Kal yjKpoaTO inro Trj o'kt/vj; iir' aiTw 8»/ Tuyuivi. fSowyTwv 8< t«Iiv'EAA>/vujv iirl tw 'llirupwTi), iripiru Toy ypapp/iTta KtAtituv i$typa Kal Br]poTiKw9 Kal oiBi'poxs irpofiifi\r)ptyoi aiTJit uHT-rrip iy\upi6ui kux tov Hjrte7 PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 99 212. *HpaK\-, Kto/AtoSds, brought out an old play at the Dionysia in 180-170 B.C., IG. 11 975 e., col. i. Probably with Wilhelm/p. 75. 'H/3aKA[e6S77s], the comic actor of col. i, 1. 8 ['HpaKAcltS???, 180-170 b. c. See No. 516. Wilhelm's further suggestions, p. 256, are improbable. 213. 'HpaK-, V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 278 b. c, IG. II 977 q(d'). Wilhelm, p. 141, restores 'HpaK[AeiTos — ], No. 218. 214. 'HpaKXeiSiis, v. t., first in the catalogue of victors at the Dionysia, hence won his first victory in 449 b. c, IG. II 977 p, W. p. 137 'HpaKXet- [8r?s— ]; Capps Introd. of Comedy (Chicago, 1903), pp. 17, 22, n. 62, cf. AJP. XX (1899), p. 402, Wilhelm, p. 138, and Kaibel, p. 171. Wrongly restored by Wilhelm in the Lenaeau list, Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 308, n. 1; see under KaAAiTTTrt'S?;?, No. 274; and wrongly identified by Wilhelm, p. 62, with the tragic poet Heracleides in IG. II 972, col. ii. 215. 'HpaKXeCSiis, V. k., twice victor at the Lenaea ca. 255 b. c, IG. II 977 ij{u), W. p. 153. 216. 'HpaKXtCSris, TpaywSos, ca. 180-150 B. c, insc. Teos, Lebas-Wad. Ill 258 : lepoKXrj<; t'Aa>vos (eTrc'SwKe) rpaywSov 'UpaKXeiSrjv rjixepav /Atav, kol rj TrapoSos evp€.v SpaxMv, rj Se Oea iyevcTo Swpeai/. Three others furnished him on the same occasion. 216 a. 'HpaK\«C8Tis 0vaT«ipTiv6s, v. t., uncertain date, Artemid. 4. 33, p. 223 Hercher: H. v. ®. /xeXXwv ayoivit,tadai iv 'Vtap-r] rov twv rpaywSw aywva eSo^ev (i. e., iv virvw) tous ^earas aTroo-^arretv kol tous Kpiras. iXeicjidr) • ov yap av Tis tous LXov'i diroKTeivuv dAAa Tois i)(6pov<;- Tpoirov ovv riva eAcye TO ivvTTViov ix^povs eo-eaOui rous ^earas kol tous Kptras. dAAws re kol ovk ifxeXXov avTw dTroa(f)ayevTe<; oiaeiv i{/7](f>ovs. 217. 'HpciKXeiTos 'HpaKXeCSov 'HXjios, kw/awSo's at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 50. 218. 'HpdK\€iTos ACwvos 'Ap-ytios, TpaywSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 39, and in 269 b. c, 2566, 1. 51, where the text gives 'HpctKAetTos AtWos 'AdrjvaZos. On the ethnicon see Preuner Delph. Weihgeschenk, p. 76. Identified by Wilhelm, p. 140, with 'HpdK[A€tTos — ], victor at the Lenaea ca. 278 b. c, IG. II 977 q(d'), (No. 213), assigned by Reisch to the Lenaean list of tragic actors, ZoG. 1907, p. 306. Hera- cleitus is third in the company at Delphi in 272 and second in 269; cf. Nos, 124, 406. Kirchner No. 6492. 219. 'HpaKXeiTos MtivoSwpov MaXXtoriis, v. t., victor at the Romaea at Magnesia Maeandr, middle of the second century b. c, acting in a play of Glaucon in the contest of new tragedies. Kern Inschr. v. Magn. 886. 220. 'HpdKXciTos 'HpaKXttrov, Athenian, rpaywSos at Delphi as represent- ative of the Athenian guild of technitae in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 32; identical with 'HpaKAeiros Hpa/cAetVou, Trv^ato-r^s Trats in 138 B. c, ibid., p. 198, 1. 11? Not in Kirchner. lOO HISTORY OP ACTOBS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE ■J22. 'HpoSoTot M«vdv8pov T[T)j4]v£-rT|s, as Tpaya*5os victor at the Honioloia at ()rcli..m. nu> KM) Tf, i-.. c, I(i. VII M196. KeYsch EH- mus. cert., p. 117, Rives Bota'jT?;?. 2"23. Hpdo-rpaTos, >co>//(jS6<; at the Diouysia at Delos in 171 b. c, BCH. IX (1885). p. 117; also in 172 b. c, ibid. VII (188;^|, p. 120. where ©A. 2VN. is to be restor.d 0a!p!.ri''.{o.»'l with Capps TAPA. XXXI ( liXK)), p. 122. Possibly tol)e restored in IG. II 1)75 /, 210-187 B.C., [©aptrvvjajv, see No. 552. 22r.. e*-, V. T., victor at the Dionysia ca. 398 b. c, IG. II 977 /KOi W. p. 137. The date precludes the restoration 04TTaAd«-] but strong^ly favors Qt[^>po<:], No. 2:^); cf. Wilhehn, p. 137, and Kail)el Urk., p. 188. 227. ©ifjiUrTwv ndpios, TpaywSo's at the Dionysia at Delos iu 282 b. c. and 280 B. c, BCH. VII (1883), pp. 105, lOti. In the former Hanvette-Besnault reports on the ston«' 0c . . . Twvo1), p. 180. @€fju(TTO)vo^ llapto^; the graver's error was corriK-ted by Wilheliii in Michel, p. 9-19 (on No. 903), by reference to QifiuTTwv. rp. 0(6SoTos IlveCuvoi 'AOtivaios, traj,''ic syuagouist repifscntiiig the Athenian <:iiild of t.-chnilar af D.-lphi ca. 97 B.C., BCH. XXX (liHHJ), No. 19, p. 278, 1. .37 (cthnicon not given); participattnl al.so in the paean, ibid., 1. 2(5. As rhapscxle ©eoSoro? Ilv^tWo? '.'V^;mTo? was victor at tlu' Mii.saea at Thespiae 100 75 b. • .. I(i. VII 17C.0, liClI. XIX (1895). No. 13. p. .3.39. Kirchner No. 0782. 2.30. 0«(S8po(f>6poi, fiuXXov 6' i? ayaXfiaTwy tyKtiViTTui »cul )^pv). W. p. 1 1.5. where he is cn-ilit.-d with four L.-iiaean victories of which thi> first was wt>n .380 75 b. i'. In the City list frag. /<(/■'), W. p. 1.37. it has IxtMi propose<| (by Kaibel I'rk., p. ISS. cf. Willielm, p. 1.3M), to n'stor«< his name ©tJo'&Dpos ], implying a first vic- tory ca. .3'.>0; the ie«.(<»ratioii and ideiitiHcatioii with the gre;it Theodorus PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAEOORU *I 101 seem very plausible. That he was an Athenian is shown by an entry in the accounts of the Delphic hieropoioi of the year 363 b. c, BCH. XXVII (1903), p. 13: ©eoSojpos 'A^r;mTos rTTOKptTots Spaxju-as lj88e/A7/K0VTa. Wilhelm, p. 250, rightly identifies this actor with the great tragic actor, whose con- tribution is notably large and shows that he was at the height of his career. With these dates other facts of his life are in harmony; between 369 and 359 he appeared before Alexander at Pherae, playing the part of Merope in Euripides' Kresphontes, Ael. Var. hist. 14. 40: ©eoSwpov 8k tov ttJs Tpayw- Stas vTTOKptTov {TroLrjTOv MSS) VTTOKpLVOfxevov Tr]v MepoTTTjv acf)6Spa ip.Tra6(i)ovevop.evo)v rjXer}Kio<; e-n-l rots 'EKayS?;? kol 'Av8po/iax»?s kukoTs 6(f)drjov Tpo^tAtias Kal TTvev/xdrMv polt,ov koI daXdTT-q^ ktvttov aKovovres evo)(Xovfieda 1U2 HI'^^TOKV OF ACT )RS AND AlTIN(i IN ANCIENT GREECE KOI 8v 2^: lams yap ov kukCx; tXtye to rotoiTov OD tirriXwy i-jroKpiTwv. ux; otKiiovfifvuiv riov didrptnv tuis TrptoTai? d/coai?" The only rational explanation is that of Liiilers Dion. Kiinstler. p. 57, VolkUT6y, &toSpov fiv^fid iari rpaywSiav vTroKpivap.f\'OV rdy Ku6' atTof dpurru. The remark of a Theti oio/ao, oIov to QioBwpov <, 112, but simply as &e68u>pop.w8(k, ca. ISO l.")0 b.c, insc. lasos, L«l);is-\Vad. 1 1 1 •I'A'v. KKUTuto? .\driyoowpov ^rpuToyiKtis )(opr]yi'iaa/x(udoi', Kal ivpiv 7/ Trapolxy; 8pu;(^»;i', 7/ Si Oia iyiyiTo Siopidy. AiroWwyiiK ^avoKpiTox- ^opr;y7yf.nu6uisi>r)). No. 11. p. .'{,37, whf-re oidy thf ethnicon is preserved. The name is re.storeil by .lainet by n-fi-rence to ibid.. No. 10. p. .'l"{»i, wlun- Theopompus i> prii-^t of thr technitae. 2.'M». 0«6<^iXos, appan-ntly a comic actor in a play l)v Ileracleides. latter half .)f thr fourth c. ntury B. c, Ui. II 1)7 J/>. \V. p. 12, a.ssij^Mi. d l)y Hcisch 7a\(\. I«H)7. p. 2«.n>. to th.- L.naea. Wilh.lm. j). 12. n.'eillessly s»jj,'p>sts his identity with thr eoniie \hu-\ who was victor at the Dionysia in 3_".t B. c, l(J. II. '.»7I //. PROSOPOGEAPHIA HISTEIONUM GRAECORUM 103 237. 0€64>iXos Awpofl^ow KpwTrCSTis, comic synagonist representing the Atheniau guild of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 31. The name is restored from ibid. No. 49, p. 278, 1. 28 ( Acapodeov, singer of the paean), and the demoticon from A. ©. KpwmST^s, ephebe in 105 b. c, IG. II 465, 1. 70; see No. 557. 238. 0£6<|>pa(rTos 6 Ev({>6pov Tpv<(>wv AaoSiKcvs, KoyfiwBos, mover of a decree of the holy synod, consulship of M. Squilla Gallicanus and T. Atilius Rufus Titiauus, 127 a. d., inscr. Aphrodisias, Lebas-Wad. Ill, 1619: ei(Tr]yri(Tafxevov ©eofjipdaTov tov "Evcfiopov Tpi;<^wvos KwfjiwSov AaoSt/cews .... d.ywvodeTovvTO<; ®€0(f)pd(rTov tov ¥dV(f)6pov Tpvj. 160. Uncer- tain datf, hut probably lat«*. 245. 0vfiOTA.Tis 4>iXokX; another copy BCH. XXIV (1900). p. S6. The s;ime person in the Delphic (hxTee BCH. XXX (liHKj), p. 27.'i. 1. 26. i.s apparently entered as Kwfu^S6<:, l.SH 12H B.C.; hut the inscription is badly broken at this point. 246. 6vpuA^a\rj'; Aa^o/xtvo? Kal dv-a/SaK^^tiVras itripaiviv iKilya to. fJ-fkr] fitr' ivdovauifTfxov Kal uIS^? • " (pofjLev ($ op«o? tXiKa vtoTop-ov tVi fi(\adpa, \ fuiKapiav &rjpav." Polyaenus 7. 41, relating this anecdote, adds that the king g;ive Jason tuJ rpayi^Bw a talent. 24H. 'I«poKX»t8Tis 'Aetivatos, kw/xwSo? at the Dionysia at Delos in 259 r.c.. BCH. VII (lss;<). p. li;{. 1. 19. 'So Capps TAPA. XXXI (P.KK)). p. 119. for . . o9 'UpoKAfiovt] 'A^vaw. reijorted by Hauvette-Besnault ; the cor- rection i.s confirmeil by Robinson AJP. XXV (P.K)4). p. IIM). who rejmrts 'UpoK\€t\ . . .]. The identification propostnl by Koussel BCH. XXXI ( li>07), p. 'Ml \SiK6puux\o<; 'UpoKXcjoisl 'ABrjvtuo<: is therefore wrong. Not in Kirchner. 249. 'I«poKXf|s N(ku»vos "AOTivaCos, tragic didascalus at the Sott'ria at Delphi in 27 1 and 270 u. v., .SCi Dl. 2561. 1. :A. 256.5, 1. 51 . Kirchner No. 74SO. 250. 'IipoKXfjs 'IipoKX^ovs ^viXutoxi TpaXXiav6s, as v. Kwp.wSiwv victor at th«^ Uoniaea at Magnesia ca. begiiniiM-.: of the fust centiuy b.c. Kern Inschr. v. Magn. HH<1. 251. 'I«po)jiW|(i//xaj»'-|. thrice victor at the Lenaea ca. .'^25 b. < ., Id. II 977 »(C). W. p. 115. The victory of :«H) was pn>bably his last. Not in Kirchn.M-; l)ul cf. No. i")27.3. 252. 'Iip4Tip.o« "IipoicX^ovt TiY«ArTjt, Ku>p.w6 cotiiiiaiiy. PROSOPOGEAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 105 253. 'liptav 'Kpwvos, Athenian, rpaywSos at Delphi as representative of the Athenian guild of technitae in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 31. Not in Kirchner, but cf. No. 7544 'Icpwv 'lepwvos IlaAAT/vcus, ephebe in 119 b.c, probably the same person. 254. 'Ifpwvvfios, V. K., four times victor at the Lenaea ca. 295 b. o., IG. II 977 uUO, W. p. 153. Victor at the Lenaea in 289 b. c, IG. II 972, 1. 9, W, p. 52, [vTTo: 'lep]u)vvfjLo<; iviKa. Restoration due to Capps AJA. IV (1900), pp. 75 ff., who first gave the correct dating of this inscription and ibid., p. 81, and AJP. XX (1899), p. 403, identified him with the actor in 911 y. As KwytAwSo's he appeared at the Dionysia at Delos in 280 b.c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 106, and in 268 b. c, ibid., p. 109, where 'lepwos, reported by Hauvette-Basuault is to be corrected to 'lepwvv/Aos, as seen by Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900), p. 119, and later confirmed by Robinson AJP. XXIV (1904), p. 189. Gravestone with garland of ivy and inscrip- tion 'lepwvviJ.o<; plausibly referred to this actor by Wilhelm, p. 59. 255. rd'ios 'lovXios 'lovXiavos, rpaywSos, honored by his city in a decree found near Sparta, CIG. I 1420: rj 7rdAi[s 17 2]/Avpvatwv (Lebas) 'lovXiov lovXiavov Tov lSlov TroAetrr/v veiKT^cravra rpaywSous OvpavidSa (Lebas) y', koi HvOia Koi "Aktul Koi kolvo. 'Acrtas HI (Lebas) koL tovs Xolttovs dywva? Trevra- €Tr)pLKOv<; T€ Kal TpuTrjpLKOvs Tfx (Lebas), TToXuTivdiVTa St Iv oXrj rrj 'EAAaSt Koi MaKcSovta Kal (deaaaXia .... Kal K.p7]Twv. Lebas II 179 (X. 256. "Iirirapxos, v. T., Athenian, six times victor at the Lenaea ca. 370 B.C., IG. II 977 t(o), identified by Dittenberger Syl.^ 723, n. 64, with "Iinrapxo^ 'Adfjiovevs, the lover of Neaera, cf. [Dem.] lix 26: /xeTo. ravra tol- vvv iv rrj K.opiv6(Dvo'i flrj Aikv/avios 6 ■7^? Tpaywotas V7roKptT>;s. ws yap ivLKa tovs avTire^vovs Kptrtav tov KXewvaiov Kal iTTiracrov tov Ap.^paKLWTr]v Toy's Aicr^^uAou IIpoTro/ATrovs Topu> tlvl Kal yeyto- voTepw (DVTi]fx.aTL ;(p770-ap,evos, yavpos rjv Kal kittoo-tc^^s rjyc (TVfXTr6(TL0v. The names are probably fictitious; certainly no prize was offered at Athens for the TpaywSoL who brought out old plays. 259. 'IiriroKXfis KCXig, v. t. ov v. k., fourth century b. c, Alexis apud Ath. 12o 6 (Kock II. 312): 6 oe Kt'Atc o8' Itttto/cA^S, 6 ^wp-orapt^^os viroKpiTrj^. 260. 'IiriroicpdTiis 'Apio-rone'vovs T68ios, as TpaywSos victor at the Chari- tesia at Orchomenus 100-75 b.c, IG. VII 3197, and at the Homoloia at Orchomenus, ibid. 100 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 261. 'Ipavof 4>pw(Sov TavaYpaios, as KwfjuuSo^ victor at the Ampbiaraia at Oropiis s(K)n aftrr J^fi b. c. IG. VII 416; victor at the Sarapieia at Tanapra KHJ-Tf), IG. VII 542 and 543, as TpaywSo^ in the latter: Tpayu>Sois Etpuvo<: pvviSov Tuwypcilos. Cf. Keisch De mus. cert., p. 12y. 262. 'lo-oKpdrns, V. T., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 270 B.C.. IG. II {r,lq(u'K W. p. 141,as.sipneil to the Lenaea by Reisch ZoG. ( 1906). p.a)6. \*lao\Kpa.Ti]^ is (luf to Wilh'liii. KohN'r [5w]>cpaT»7?. 2(>."}. 'IirvXos Xpvo-oXdov Bo. 10: kui cj(«Dv (i. e., Aeschines) ^^^(avSpov tov NtoTTToAtfior SciTcpaywvicm/v, irpo(n!tiv fiiv Trj /Soi'Xj, t'tc. The scholiast understands "deuteragonist" here in the metaphorical sen.se: irape)^tTai fjiiv toIs Ala)^ivov Adyots 17 /uipTvpia- oik d.ir-^\XaKTai 8i /cat (TKWfifUiTOi, VTrOKpiTr]v yap <;(«i tov (rwayun-i^ofjuvov, i. *'.. Aeschines' political "synagonist " hapiH'ne7)(tiv 'IcTj^dvBpov tov Tpaya>8[oxot|oi' rpi- TaywvuTTifv ytviadai tuv Ala)^iyr]r, etc., i. e., since Ischandrus was "deuter- agonist" to Ae.schines, the latter must have Ih'«'u "tritagouist " to hiuK The narrative which DemiK-hares g(H's on to give (({Uotesia to pn»sent certain jM)Iitical proposals from them, Dem. 19. IMX\. 2t>4fi. Ka-, tragic actor or j)0<'t, uncertain tlat*', C'lG. 30S^ (Teos), Tpaytf£ia<; Ka-. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 107 265. Ka-, V. K., acted a play by Lampytus at the Dionysia in 167 b, c, IG. II 975 c, 1. 24, W. p. 76. To be restored: either KafjSetptxos]* Ka[AAt/cpaTT;sl, or Ka[AAt'o-TpaTos]. 266. KaPtCpixos. V. K., acted the Lytroumenos of Epigenes at the Dionysia in 158 b.c, IG. II 975 d, W. p. 77; probably acted also in 167 B. c, ibid., frag, e, 1. 24, ine KafySet'/otxos]- See No. 265. 267. Kapipixos 0€o8upov 0r)Patos, as v. TpaywSiSiv acted a play by Soph- ocles s. Sophocles at the Charitesia at Orchomenus 100-75 b. c, IG. VIT 3197. Wrongly identified with preceding by Kohler Ath. Mitt. Ill (1878), p. 122, as shown by Reisch De mus. cert., p. 119, n. 6; cf. Dit- tenberger Syl.^ 698. 268. KaW-, V. K., acted a play by Alexis IG. II 9746, W. p. 41, probably at the Lenaea, cf. Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 299. Either KaAA[to-- rparos] or KaAA[t7r7rosJ may be restored, see Nos. 280 and 275. 269. KaWias, v. k., thrice victor at the Lenaea ca. 262 b. c, IG. II 977 y(w), W. p. 15.3. Related to the family of Callippus, possibly the son of CalHppus (2) and brother of Callippus (3); cf. Wilhelm, pp. 44, 153. Of the same family Callias s. Callippus, tit. sep. IG. II 3819? 270. KaWiKXfis, V. T., thrice victor at the Lenaea ca. 275 b. c, IG. II 977 q(d'), which is assigned by Reisch to the Lenaea ZoG. 1907, p. 306. Identified by Wilhelm, p. 140, with KaAXtKA^s NiKoo-Tparou Botwrtos, probably a tragic actor, in a Delian inscription of 236 b. c. Doubtful. 271. KaXXiKXfis Sdwvos Boiwtios, comic didascalus at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 b. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 66. 272. KaXXiKpcLTTis, V. K., acted the Traumatia of Philocles and the Synkrypton of Timoxenus at the Dionysia in 155 b. c, IG. II 975 d, W. p. 77; may be also the Ka- of frag, c, 1. 24, 167 b.c. Wilhelm, p. 256, identifies with Callicrates s. Aristocles, singer of the paean at Delphi ca. 138-128 b.c. (BCH. XXX, 1906, No. 48, p. 272, 1. 10), whose son, Callicrates s. Callicrates, was kw/awSos ca. 97 b. c, in which case he was an Athenian; but this is very doubtful; see No. 273. 273. KaXXiKpdTTis KaXXiKpttTov, Athenian, kw/xwSos at Delphi represent- ing the Athenian guild of technitae ca. 97 b. c', BCH. XXX (1906), No. 49, p. 278, 1. 33. Probably of the deme Krioa, cf. KaAAiKparr?? KaAAt- KpaTov Kptwevs, ephebe in 119 b.c, IG. II 469, 1. 92, Kirchner No. 7971. Wilhelm, p. 256, suggests that he is the son of Callicrates s. Aristocles, singer of paean ibid., No. 48, p. 272, 1. 10, whom in turn he identifies with the preceding comic actor. Very doubtful. 274. KaXXiirir(8iis, v. t., five times victor at the Lenaea ca. 427 b. c, IG. II 977 r, W. p. 145, where [KaAAtTTTrt'JSr?? IT is to te read with Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 308, instead of Wilhelm's ['HpaKAeiJST??. In 418 he brought out two plays of Callistratus at the Lenaea and was victor, IG. II 972, W. p. 52: KaAAto-Tparos [8eu:] 'A/x,<^tXo;^opo<: oitc Xcvo<^i' y(ypaiv, ovt' eiKof ^v orroo? evTpv^aai Toit 'A^iat'ots ^kto <^vy7ji', eto , Ath. 53.")*/ (Duris): KiiWnnri&rj^ S' 6 Tpayw&ou(Tfjiivo<:. The story at least illustrates the fame of Callippities in after times. Istrus and Neanthes relate that Sophocles receiveti from Callippides the grsipes which causetl his death, apud Vit. Soph. p. 129 West.: TtAeiT^tu 8' uitov 'laTpo<; Kal 'Sco.vOt]^ (fmal toitov tov rpovov KaXXLTririSrjv {nroKpiTijv a-rr' (pyuco»Ta Trapa rots X6av\iiv aTroTTnytWa TtXtvrrjaai. [Luc] Macrob. 24. This and the story told by Polyaenus show in what demand outside Athens the <,'reat actors were even in the v and iv centuries. Stnita«,'em. 6. 10: 'AAe'vui-Spos (f>povpap)^o<; twv iripl rijv AioAi'&i ^u)piwv fU(Tdw? Kal 01 irpoTtpov tovs v-crepois avTwv uxjvto {-TroKptrd?. ? \ua.v yap vTripfSdWoiTa ' TTidrjKov' 6 Mvvi'iaKOrj u AvKwy irpo'i Toy poyu'i- 8t#cuioTi]^ oto/itu 7) KuAAtTTTTiSr/s o i-TTOKpirt/s, os {•mpiTipyxniTai oTi 8i'»tiTut iroWoxs kAuioitu? Kadi^uv. His arrof.ranc( is illustrattHl by th«' story of his met-ting with Aj^esilaus, Pint. .Mor. 212/ ( ^ Vit. Aj,'es. 21): Kai iroT< KaAAtirjrtS»;s o Twy Tp»', TrpoJTor piv diri/iTT^CTtr aiTtij ( .\>.f«*silaus) Kal wpoa-iiira'y imiTa cro)3(ipaiv tk Tois L\o^ • Tf'Aos &« (77rtr- 'oiV iwiyiyruHTKU<; pi. u> /JucTiAtv. orS' T/Koinrus ihttis" tiAwvtSj7s koX KaAAiVr/aaTos, ol vaTepov yevo/Jicvoi VTroKptTol Toii Api./xSo? at the Charitesia at Orchonienus and at the Homoloia at Orchomeuus ca. l(X>-75 B.C., ibid. 3197. Not to Ix' identified with the preceding,', cf. Keisch De mus. cert., p. 119 n. 6. 2M4. KAXXuv KdXXuvos, Athenian, tra/jpc synas'onist, representative of the Athenian ^'1lild of technitae at Delphi ca. 97 B.C., BCH. XXX (190<>), No. 19. p. 278. 1. 37. Not in Kirchner. 285. Ka)ivaY6pas ZTpdruvos MaXXurtiSi as v. kcuvwv KotfjiwSiwv victor at thi' Heraea at Samos sec-ond century u. c, .1 HS. VII (1886), p. 148, Michel 9()1. 286. KttvourCow, a Greek actor whom Brutus met at Naplas. Pint. Vit. Bnit. 21: Kul Tiov ircpl Tov ^Lowaov Tt^virwv uvto? (i. e., Brutus) tts Ne'ai' TToKiv K(iTu)8a? (v(TX')^f 7rAet(7Tots ■ Trepi St KavoxTiov th'6? ciTjutpovvro^ iv T6i<; B(.a.Tpoiitpos KaXXCou Boiwrio;, comic dida.scalus at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 ami 271 b.c, SGDl. 25t;.3, 1. 56, 25(54, 1. 65. In 269 b.c. appears as xoptvTr]<: kw/xuco?, ibid. 2566, 1. 76. Possibly, as Wilhelm p. 154 sUK'Kests, [ Kjj«^tlo-o&iipo? is to be restoreS6<: in 259 n. c., | K»;iiuT(}K\tu tov viroKptTifv ittriv Xoi&opwy aiVoi' oxj tvpixTTopov ' <»'«7^(tAo»' yap ay itov,' (f>jjiwv. V. T.(?), fifth century. Thom. M.i^. apud \'it. Kurip.: ff>uipaiTa<: hk Toy civrov irroKpiTijv K.i]iiTo<(>e8pos KadSua-dau and schol. ad loc: KaAXtcrrpaTos, ort icrws 2o<^OKAeovs vtos outos, AttoAAwvio? Se, otl So^okAcous vTTOKpLTrj'i- That Cleidemides bore some relation to Sophocles is clear from the passage in Aristophanes; but whether he was an actor asso- ciated with Sophocles is doubtftd. On this question and on the punctu- ation and interpretation of Ran. 791 see VOlker, pp. 150 ff. 296. KXeiTos, V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 290 b.c, IG. II 911 iv{b'}, W. p. 145. Wilhelm, p. 146, suggests identity with following, but this is doubtful. 112 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND AfTING IN ANCIENT OBEECE 207. KXitTos, tragic synap^onist, niomljer of the ^lild of technitae of Ptolrmais. n-i^'u of Ptolemy Philadelphus, BCH. IX (1HS5), p. 132. Michel 1017, Ditt. Orient. Gr. iii.scr. 51. 29S. KX«ia5, u. T., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 380 a. c IG. II 977 .s, W. p. 1 If). I KA|tol8a/iu)?, due to Wilhelni. 299. KX«68«pos, TpaywSik Hi the Diouvsia at Delos in 279 u. ( ., BCH. VII (1KS;{), p. lOH. KAe restore6tii. Bia to KaKC/u^roi'. 8< i<^vpo/iu;(OS \fn')t.pl<: Ku6(^crr6ui Kill Tas (Tuipw; ^^oipis tuji/ i\iv$ipn after .stl a. i ., iCi. \'II 2727. His fatluT Kpdrwv KAttuios (-h](3tuos /xi/ Sokojt; St' cros diiSpos Kj}pvTTi(TOu.t rroAts oirAu iirl Vwfuiiox's y/pfmi). dpuTTu oi niTov dyuivurdfiiyoy Kay toTs A/x<^tKTi'o»'iKOiS cWAots 01 piv 'A^^iKTi'oi'ts ivtiptftfuXoiTo TTJ<; vikij^ 8«ei t»}s TTpotipi)p.t\'7}<: uiVms. aJxiTrr;- S»/fTus ^ iii' opMV " iTTToSpo^os, 'orTot pu,' iliriy, ' ipptttadwv tTriopKorrTts T« Kill 7ru^j«tyiy»(ii«r»,oiTts Tor dixtiiov, iyw 6*. KA>;pt»'Ti Tip- vikuxtui 6iSwp.i.' <'<^cv- PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 113 Tos Sc Oarepov Totv viroKpLToyv (i. e., his rival protagonist) em rbv /SacriXia, r]v8oKt/xr](T£ TToAtv rj tov 'iTnroSpofXOV i/o^^os, Kal yap 8r} kol inl Trj<; 'Pwp.rj'i iviKa 6 Bv^avTtos. 307. Kpdriis 'AOTivaios, v k., the comic poet, who is said to have been an actor for Cratinvis before he turned to writing plays, schol. ad Arist. Eq. 537: ovros Kw/AwStas rjv ■rroLr)Trjdvov 'Aerivalos, rpaytoSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 53. He is mentioned first in his company. Kirchner No. 8783. 310. Kpirfas KXtwvaios, fictitious name of a tragic actor in Ale. Ep. 3. 12 Schepers (3. 48), quoted under No. 258. 311. KpuToSriiios, V. K., acted the Agnooun of an unknown poet in 169 B. c, and in the same year won the victory, IG. II. 975c, W. p. 76, [KptTo8]77)U,09. 312. KpCrwv NiKoSafiov, Athenian, tragic synagonist, representative of the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 34. Wilhelm, p. 256, suggests that he is the grandson of the comic poet Criton, IG. II 9756, and son of the comic poet Nicode- mus and greatgrandson of the comic actor Nicodemus, ibid. frag, f; extremely doubtful. Not in Kirchner. 313. AeovTciis 'Ap-y€ios, rpaywSo's, first century B. c, Amarantus apud Ath. 343e/." ot//o<^ayos 8' yjv Kal Aeovrevs 6 'Apyeios TpaywSds, 'AOrjVLwvos fxkv fuidrjTri';, otKexTys Se yevoftevos 'Io/8a tov Mapoucrtcov /SacriAews, ws (f>rj(Tiv ^ Kixa.pavTOd(TK(jDV eh avTov t68c to cTrtypa/x/jUx tov 'Id/Sav, ore KaKciis rr/v Y\pLirv\r)v VTrf.Kpt.vaTO- ^ firj fxe AeovTT^os TpayiKov Kcvapr]ayov rjXO'i 1 Xevcrauyv 'YipLTrvkrj'i h kukov '^Top opa.' 314. AcittCvtis, v. t., victor at the Dionysia ca. 430 b. c, IG. II 977p(e'), W. p. 137, [Ae7r]Tii{77s-], restored by Wilhelm, who also proposes [Ae7rrtV]r/s III (ca. 430) in the corresponding Lenaean list, 977 r, W. p. 145; but there is space in the lacuna for fully seven letters; see No. 511 a. 114 HiSTiilO i»F ACTOBS AND ACTING IN' ANCIENT GREECE 31."). AiKvfivios, a fictitious nanu> of a tragic actor in Ale. Ep. 3. 12 Schepers (3. H). l)as«>8;3. i. i'.». 317. AuKio-Kos AwKov K«<^aXXav, K(j)fxtit66<; at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 and 2fiy b. c, S(iDI. '2Tm, 1. H\, jrjMH. 1. HS; victor at the Lenaea ca. 272 B. «'., IG. II 977 i/(ii), W. p. 153. according to Capps's identification AJA. IV (liMJO), p. HI. He is Ijoth times luentioned first in his company at Delphi. 318. Avic6<^pwv, TpiiywSds, insc. lasos ca. 180-150 B. c, Lebas-Wad. Til 2r>(): KAtaKi^ f-)poyu tov Tpayw?>6v Koi ij Trdpo6o<; ivpi ^puxfJ-yv, r) 8« Ota iyivtro Swpcdv. 319. AvKwv 2Kap<}>«vs, V. K., twice victor at the Lenaea ca. 350 b. c, IG. II 977 J"(;>), VV. p. 150. Said by Phihxlemus to Im- to vav iv KwfxiuSia, se*- under No. 274. He was admired by Alexander, whom he acconipanifni to Asia, giving exhibitions at Tyre in 3.32, Plut. Vit. Alex. 29: Avkwvos Si tov 2Kap- (Oi^ eujj/wpovKTO? (V Tto 6(d.TpTO<; ei's dpt.ap.Pov, Kt(T(Tw Kai aTidvo(.cnv ap-rrvKacrOiv, €pa AiAwrt aap." eVet'i/. [ oaaa yap KaT(Trpa$€ Xjapirpo^ Ain^p, p.vafjji TOV ^uptfvTo<; €v re X<'«t^^ ' tv t' oTvw t6S€ k^ttJ toi? iirtiTa oyKtiTui, 7rup»i8ifntiN, Larfeld llaiidl). gr. Kpigr. II i. p. 177. Not in Kireluur; but cf. No. 92t59. 321. Av66pa diTyjpov, where we should read <(ujroKptT»;v>. KXiirrijy koi, ktA. Bergk Hermes XVIII (1883), p. 50*), woidd n-ad in Hyp. Eur. PIkhmi. Sta AiwiKparov-; iirl ap\oirro \\ ilht'lm, p. tV2. 322. Avo<; tov fuiicrwva awo TOV fxaaaaOaL oUtul K€KXrja6ai, oiov tov afxaOrj Kal tt/dos yacrrepa vevcvKora, dyvo(i)v oTi MatVaJv yeyovtv kw/jlwSui^ {iTTOKptr^s Meyapevs to yevo5, os kol to Trpo- trtoTTCtov €vpe to utt' avTOv KoXovfitvov '/AatVwva,' ws ApL(TT0dvr)<; <^r](jlv 6 Bv^av- Tios €v Tw Trept TrpocrwTTwv, evpeiv avTov a.(TKoiv koL to tov depdirovTO's Trpocwirov, Kal TO TOV fiayeipov. kol cikotws ^at to. tovtols .irpiirovTa (TKoi^pxiTa KoXuTaL ' /AaicrcovtKa. ' .... tov 8e Matitrwva IIoAe/Awv Iv Tot's Trpos TifjuiLOv €k twv iv "XiKcXia cf>r]alv dvai Meyapcov /cat ovk ck tcov Nto-atW. Hesych, S. Maiaoiv and TcVrt^. Eustath. ad Od. 14. 78, p. 1751. 53, are derived from the same source as Athenaeus. On the comic mask Maiawv see Rankin Role of the Mayetpot, etc. (Chicago, 1907), pp. 13 flF. 326. MaKapjvs AaKid8T]s, v. t., (or poet?) tit. sep. IG. II. 2263, fourth century b. c: MaKapeiJS AaKtaS?7S" 'Ap^£/8tos. | et ere Tvxrj Trpovirefjul/e kol rjXt- Kia<; €trifir)(Ti.v, \ IXttl8i. y' rjada /Acya? tw re SoKcip., MaKapev, j lyvtb^os T€)(yr]^ TpaytKT^s 'EAAr^crtv eaeadaL, \ awcf>poavvr] 8' dptTrj re ovk aKXeq'i edav€<;. "Maca- reus histrio fuit tragicus," Kaibel Epig. Gr. 39. Cf. No. 192 above. Kirchner No. 9654. 327. Mtvc'SrijjLos, TpaywSos at the Dionysia at Delos in 171 b. c, BCH. IX (1885), p. 147. 328. MtvtKXris, v. K., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 260 b. c, IG. II 977 y(u\ W. p. 153, identified by Capps AJP. XX (1899), p. 403, AJA. IV (1900), p. 82, with the Menecles who appeared at the Dionysia at Delos as KoyfjLwSos in 280 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 107. The restoration [Mej/e]- KXrjs AiokAcov? 'AOrjvalos, kw/awSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 b. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 59, is less probable than [IIoAvJkA^s, both proposed by Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900), p. 126. See No. 406. 329. MtvcKpcxTTis, V. T., thrice victor at the Dionysia ca. 432 b. c, IG. II 977 p(e), W. p. 137, restored by Wilhelm [MeveKJpaT?;?, once victor at the Lenaea ca. 431, 977 r, W. p. 145. Wrongly identified by Wilhelm, p. 21, with the tragic poet of IG. II 972, col. ii. IV) HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE .'i'{(). MfviKpa-n^s IIoTiiSaiou MtYoptvs, coiiiic didascalus at the Soteria at D»-Iplii ill 272 B. c. Si ) Dl. 2r)8.S. 1. Ml . Possibly the Ktu/iui&i? at the Dionysia at D.-los ill 2r)'.< H. < ., s.f No. ;i^l. .'ttl. M«v«Kp4TT)s, Kwfxut^ at th«- Dionysia at Delas in 259 b. c. BCH. VII (iHHi^), p. 113. where MiviicfxiTrr; o? 2t'<^vtos is report«tl. But th(! ethnicon does not Ix-loug to MotxparTT?, who was rather the Megarian (No. ;^^) alxjve) or an Arrive (cf. ^{fuiKo^ MfvtKpdrov 'Apytt'o?, No. 435), Capps TAPA. XXXI (U)f)()», p. lis. 3.32. M(v(Kp«LTr]$ 'Aa-a-upiov ZvXXivs, kw/xwSo<: trtpioSovtiKr]<; wupaSo^o?. time of Caracalla. Ui. IV f.s-jH. 1.2.''>. probably a det-re*' of the Teian technitae whose .seat was at Lfb.(los. 33.3. M^vTwp IIpwTo-yfvovs, Athenian, traffic synaj^onist representing the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi in lO! b. i .. BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 2MM, 1. ;«. 33-1. Mt)v68otos 'Eo-riaCow E<})f|TTios, Koj/ituSd?, tit. sep.. middle second century bc, I(i. II 257S. Kirchner No. 10113. 335. Mt]v6Sotos MTjTpoStopow nipYa^r^yds, as v. KwfiwSiwv victor at the Romaea at Magnesia ca. middle second century a. c, acting a play of Diomfct of a Teian (ht-nf' referring to Dionysiac exhibitions by him. CIG. .30S9. .'5,3S. MT]Tp68«po$ 'H-, Athenian, tragic synagonist repre.senting the Athenian giiil.l of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c. BCH. XXX (U«06), No. 50, p. 2SS, 1. :\:\. Not in Kirchner. JiXrf. MtiTpiSwpos, TpuyojSik, uncertain date, in.sc. Teos, Lelxis-Wad. Ill, 1^2,(^1.. t.d uiid.T No. ISO. 3.39. MiXtiAStis, Kw/jn^k of till- time of Hailrian, mover of a decre«> of technitae, insc. Ancyra IGHH. Ill 210: {ii(T]irm victor at the Leiiaea ca. as.5 b. ( .. Ui. II 977 .•*. W. p. 145. .311. M|v7]\v«vs, v. t-, stH'ouil son of Euripides, was a tragic actor according tit \\t. Eur., p. 1.31. 2t» West.: koI vlois KartXixi Tp€i<:, MvT)8os, by the techuitae of Asia and the Hellespont veiJ.T]6a.ia6€U (3wtov 8k Te'Aos KOL fiolpav (.TX-qcra. 349. Moo-x'wv EvpovXou rapvaptvs, comic didascalus at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 b. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 61. Identified by Capps AJA. IV (1900), p. 80, with Mjoo-xtwv, twice victor at the Lenaea as vTroKpLrr)<: Ko/uKos ca. 300 B. c, IG. II 977 y(n), W. p. 153. 350. Mos St Aixauip;^09 o Mto-crr/i'to?. io<^o»cA^s. A Mynniscus of Cbalcis was ridic-uk-d by Plato romic-us (llor. LiO -4(X)), Ath. H44r/; MiwiaKos 6 rpaytxo? t-TroKpiW/s kw/^jj*- SttTui iTTO lIAttTajvos €v }^vp<^Ki i? oi/zof^ciyos ovTo*? (I 642 Kot'k »• 68t fiiv 'Aruyvpatrio? 6pux; iari aoi. i o78 , «o <^t'Aos Mi'wi'«t»cos 6 XuAxiSci's- A MjU- nisfiis appears in the City list of victors, lU. II *J77 p(e ). \\. p. 137, in a position which implies ca. 445 for his first victory, ami is restored by Wilhi'hn in the Lenaean list 977 r, \V. p. 145, ax. 427 b. c. This might, however, Ih' [ KAtarSp [o^, or some other name, as well as [Mi-wutkIo^. Finally, a Mynniscus was victor at the Dionysia in 422 b. c, IG. II 971 c, \V. p. 21. It is a question whether we have to do with two tra«^ic actors of the name or with only one. But sinc*^' it is undeniable that the actor whom Aeschylus us«'(l toward the end of his life was in all probability the victor of ca. 445, and may perf^ftly well have In^en the victor of 422 and the person ridiculed by Plato in one of his earliest plays, it is l)etter, with Volker, i)p. 154 ff.. Wilhelm, p. 22. and others not to assume two actors of the name; l)ut cf. Kaibel Urk., p. 188. Volker adds the argu- ment that Aristotle seems to have known but one. Pcn-t. 20. 14H1 h IM: u)? Kul ol irpoTtpov Toi'S wrTtpoi'9 aiToii' uJoiTO tTTOKptTcis, u)S Auiv yap virep/SoA- X.OVTU 'iridrjKOv' 6 MvwiaKOS Tor KaWiinriSrjv fKoXti, touii'tt/ 8< So^a Koi ntpl Uii6i'iv. ;i5.3. Mwpwv *tX«To(pov, Athenian, comic synagonist representing the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi in IW b. c, BCH. XXX (liMX)), No. 5<). p. 288, 1. 31. Cf. Mvpojv AivKoyo€xk, 'o'Jpx^ at Delos UX) B. c. Ui. II 985 »• 41. KiicluKT No. 10505. .'{51. N-, V. T., victor ;it thr Lenaea ca. 325 b. c, IG. II 977 «UJ. W . |). 1 15. Possibly, as \\ illirlin suggests, Nti«tkrrpaTo?-J, No. 3(59. .'^.55. Naiwiitpirnt, v. k., victor at the Lenaea ca. 'MS B.C., IG. II 977j-(;>t, \V. p. 150, as restoretl by Kohler. Aeschines i. 98 (345 b. c.l refers to a l\av,TiKpdTrj tw icoj/mkw noirrTT), who is the p(H't nuMition«Hl in IG. II 977 mn, s«'cond quarter of the fourtli century. The c«>rrection propositi by Franke of irouinj to liroxpiTfi is therefore wrong. There is hI.ho no reason t») identify the actor with the po«'t. with Wilhelm, p. 150. If |NauH'an), W. p. 42. it is probably tlu- port. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 119 356. NaviAtV- TTOv TrpocveyKacrdai twv iTTLTerevyfJiivoiv TrotTj/xaTwv Kal //.oAtcrTa tSiv avrjKovTwv Trpos TYjv Kara roiv Ilepo-aiv o-rparetav, 6 fiev Te)(yLTr]Or]a€- aOai TO TTotrf/jM Tij 8ta/3acret rov (^lXlttttov, etc. The following story is related of Neoptolemus after the murder of Philip, the day after the above epi- sode, Stob. Flor. 98. 70, III, p. 233 Meiu.: NeoTTToAeiaov t6v t^<: rpayw- 8ta is to be restored in the Dionysian Victors'-list. IG. II 977 pie'), W. p. ia7. where Capps AJP. XX (181>*M, p. -103, reportwl NI. Wilhelm N?I. The date of his first victory would then have Ix'eu ca. 390. v.hich is far tov Trpo? an(\6tiav ^KoiVruTt. For a full inter])retation of this pa.s.siiire, which implies a hi^h compliment to Xtn^ptolemus as an actor (of old plays), see alMive. pp. ti f.. at»d schol. ad 1(K'. fjuotini there. Thouj^h he actetl as a messenger from I'hilip, Dem. 19. 315 ((pioted under No. «)2|, he s»>ems never to have l)een appointed on an Athenian embassy. After the peace h»> was under suspi- cion at Athens, sold his property there, and went to Mac«*donia, Dem. 5. S; but this was either after .'MO or el.se his stay was not permanent, cf. Ui. II 97.3alH)ve. Kxcept for the record of this inscription we are not infiMiiied as to th«' riMes he play«>4. It is reporttnl by Vit. X.Orat S44/ of Demos- thenes: TO? Si 7rvtv^iaro<> uutoj (VScorro^. N<07rToX«/Lil.. p. 493(j. I. 21. Bekk.: NA«p.itimT,'>\tfun I'u'tOijKiy. Schftfer Deiu. u. s. Z«'it I. 2, pp. 24H (T. Kirchner No. 1(M;47. VnlUer. pp. 207 (T. .'WO. N«oirrhictyoni<' (\»iniril in 27S h. c„ IG. II i").")!, 1. 3S, PROSOPOGEAPHIA HISTRIONUM GEAECORUM 121 Michel 1009: fios rpaytoSos. Another copy of the same decree BCH. XXIV (1900), p. 82, where the full name is preserved. Kirchner No. 10647 fin. 360 a. Nero, the Roman Emperor Claudius Caesar, added to his passion for celebrity as a singer and musician the ambition to be a great tragic actor. He seems to have given performances at Rome, but his career as an actor culminated at the time of his journey to Greece in 67 a. d. He introduced a musical contest into the Isthmian and Olympian games against the custom and seems to have caused the latter to be deferred for one year to suit his convenience, Eusebius Vers. Arm, s. 01. 211, cf. Suet. Nero 22. The fullest account is found in Cassius Dio 63. 9ff.: cSetTo ws BpaTr€Tr)<:, f7roSr}y€LTO s Tv, iKvec, ertKTtv, ifjuaivero, tov T€ OtStVoSa Koi tov ©vearrjv, Tov T€ UpaKXea kol tov 'AXKfxuiwva, tov re OpicrT-qv epe, ra yap Toiv yvvaiKiDv iravTa irpos Tr)v 2a/3tVav iaKCxJaaTO. Gained the titles TTvOioviKr]^, SXvixinovcKrjs, 7repLo8ovLKr]<;, TravTOVLKrjs, ibid. 10. On his acting of the roles of Herakles and Kanake the following anecdote, ibid.: eh /xev Tis CTTpaTLO)Tr)'i, iSoiv avTov SeSe/ieVov, rjyavdKTrjae kol TrpoaBpafxcov tXvaev. crepos Se, ipofj-evov rtvos ' Tt ttoici 6 avTOKparwp; ' oLTTCKptvaTO otl ViKTet' • kol yap tyjv Kava- K-qv vTreKpLvaTo. Suet. Nero 21 : tragoedias quoque cantavit personatus, heroum deorumque, item heroidum ac dearum personis effectis ad simili- tudinem oris sui, et feminae prout quamque diligeret. inter cetera cantavit Canacam parturieutem, Oresten matricidam, Oedipodem excoe- catum, Herculem insanum. Philost. Vit. Apoll. 4. 24 says: iviKa 8e mi Tpayw8ov<: iv 'OXvfXTTLa, and alludes to the roles of Creon, Oedipus. Oenomaus, and Cresphontes. Luc. Nero 8 (quoted under No. 211) tells how Nero's jealousy of a rival tragic actor at the Isthmia caused the latter's death. Philost. Vit. Apoll. 5. 7 relates the following anecdote in connection with Nero's tour of Greece: iTrei8r] koL al HvOikol ^8r] dTrr/yye'AAovro, TpaywStas VTTOKpT^? Twv ovK d^iovp-cvajv oLVTayMVL^ecrOaL tvyrj ol ttXucttol ^ypvTO, wairep vtto Sat/Aovos ip.fior]6€VT€^. 361. Nik-, i. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 322 b. c, IG. II 977 t{o\ W. p. 145; might be Ni/<[ oo-Tparos-] No. 369 (Wilhelm); but the date is some- what too late. 362. NCKavSpos, V. T. or k., uncertain date, Philodemus De mus. 4. 14, p. 80 Kemke, as emended by Wilamowitz Hermes XXXVII (1902), p. 305: after refuting a statement of Diogenes of Babylon about Agathon and Democritus he continues: ouSe NtKavSpos 6 v[7r]oK[pLTr]s;] tovto TrapeaTrja-e 122 inSTOBY OF ACTOBS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 8ia TU}v[!pywy], a\X' (TrKdiTjatv tiirep apa. This reft'is back to i. 28, p. 16 K.: NiKafSpo; 8< Tov [viroKpiTtfv] (Tri8t.LKvvfttv{^ov Tuvra Tocs] tpyoi<: SiBd^cu]. EitluT the comic poets or Dioj^enes were responsible for his reputation for lasciviousuess, of. \VilanK)\vitz, loc. cit. The association of his name with those of Af^athon and D.-mocritiis su^'g'fsts an early date, and makes probable the restoration Nt] xaj'Spos- 1 in IG. II 977 p [e ). W. p. 137, date ca. 39() B. c. '^'{. Nik68t))i,os, v. k., act«Hl the Erchieis of an unknown poet at the Dionysia in ca. 212 b. c, and was victor the same year, IG. II 975/, *Kp;(irt'o-i I virt Niko87;]^u><;, [vtto: NtKoSrj/xo? eVi/ca], st^ p. W2 alx)ve. Two years later acted th»' 'Awi- of Aristocrates. ibid., 1. 7, as restonnl by Wilhelni. p. 68: [ttot) 'ApioTo Ikpcitt;? 'Aire- v\ire NikoStj/xo?. Not to be confoundetl with th*- comic poet of the .s«'Cond century in IG. II 977 o{m i, W. p. I'M, which Keisch ZoG. 19()7, p. 30."), wronj^ly assigns to the Lenaean list of comic actors. 3(>4. NiKdXaos 'Hir«ip«Tr)s, T/juyu>6o? (8is) at the Dionysia at Delos in 279 B.C., BC'H. VII (1SS3), p. lOS. .'{65. NiKiSXaos, V. K., acted the Homouoia of Agathocles at the Dionysia in 1.55 B. c, IG. 1 1 975 d, \V. p. 77. Victor in 1.58 b. c, ibid. Wilhelm, p. 256, makes the iloul)tful suggestion that he is the fath«'rof Alexanders. Nico- laus. an Athenian, singer at Delphi in 13S b. c, BCH. XXX ( liM^i), No. 4S, p. 272, 1. 15. .'{6r). NiKoVoxos, V. T., victor at the Dionysia ca. 148 b. c., Ki. II 977 ;>(*''), W. p. l.'{7. IdentKieil with Nicomachus mentioneil in Arist. Kan. 1.5()6 (kuI So? TovTi KXtofftwvTi. (f>(pMi\ Kill ToiToval Tciicn Tropttrrai?, yivpfjLrjKi 6' ofiov Kul NiKOfiux} by Capps A.IP. XXVIII (liK)7), ]). '.H), cf. schol. ad \oc.: oi-Sc yap 6 SiKopu^o*; (sc. tcoi' 7ropKTT(iiv r/il. aAAa 17 t«; iyu) <^j;(rl(i>] to wtiv iv Tpuyw?na, and the proverb iylu iroo/crco ■ndvra Kara Sikwttihi.tov. .Sehneidewin- [..eiitsch P:iro<>m. Gr. I, p. .'^95: o Ntx(ji 8oKwy KtiXXuTTu cip?;KfViu, and prt)V. Coislill. 124: kol vtto tov avXov vpXv StaAeyw/xat. Meineke I, p. 347. 369. NiKoo-Tparos, V. t., brought out a play of Euripides as TraAatd at the Dionysia in 339 b. c, IG. II 973, 1. 32. Plausibly restored by Wilhelm, p. 26, in IG. II 971/ as victor at the Dionysia in 331 b. c, [vTroKptr^s] NtK[oo-TpaTos ?]. Probably to be restored with Wilhelm, p. 145, in the Lenaean list of victors in IG. II 977 u{z) N[iKdo-TpaTos-], ca. 330 b. c; or below N6K[oo-TpaTos-], ca. 322 b. c, which is somewhat too late. 370. NiKoo-Tparos Koo-o-avSptxis, rpaywSds at the Dionysia at Delos in 282 b. c. BCH. VII (1883), p. 105. 371. NiKoo-TpoTos, tragic synagonist, ambassador of the technitae of Asia and the Hellespont to the people of lasos ca. 151 b. c, Lebas-Wad. Ill 281, Michel 1014. 372. NiKoo-Tparos 4>i\op,w86iAoo-rpdTft) ©et/Seios; at the Charitesia and at the Homoloia, ibid. 3196. 373. NiKoreXiis Kdirwvos 0€wv 0eoK\^ow *A0T]vatos, TpaywSds at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 49. Kirchner, No. 11076. 375. NiKwv, V. T., twice (2+) victor at the Lenaea ca. 300 b. c, IG. II 911ic{b'), W. p. 145. Wilhelm, p. 146, suggests that he may be the father of the tragic didascalus Hierocles s. Nicon of Athens who appeared at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 and 270 b. c, SGDI. 2564, 1. 54, 2565, 1. 51. 376. NCkwv 'HpaKXtCrou 'H.ireip(S>rr\s, KW|U,u)8ds at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 B.C., SGDI. 2565, 1. 65. His name appears ibid. 2564, 1. 80, as lpjaTiop.iadr)^, but this is probably a graver's error for NtKwv MeveKXeov^ SoAevs, Ip-ariofxiaerj^ in 2563, 1. 76, cf. Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900), p. 127. Preuner Delph. Weihgeschenk, p. 76, less probably assumes a change in fimction. If IG. II 977 7n'{a') is to be assigned to Lenaean comic actors, as Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 306, thinks, [NikwJv II is to be restored there, as Wilhelm, p. 165, proposes, and identified with this comic actor or with the following. 377. NCkwv Eii|Aa9£8a AaKeSaijiovios, kco/awSo's at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 59. Possibly, as Wilhelm suggests, p. 165, to be restored in IG. II 977 m'(a'), NtKwjv II. 124 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IS ANCIEN'T GREECE 37H. N(ko>v NiKia Mi-yaXoiroXtTas, Tpaywd6<:, iiri^KC tiL ditZ afitpav kui aywvL^aTo ku.1 ivSoKifj.i)avTos Evjidxo*'. .Athenian, tra^c synagonist representing the Athenian guild at Delphi ca. 97 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906). No. 49. p. 278, 1. ,'W. Not in Kirchner. 381 (t. Qcvo^Mv 2|ivpvaio$, v. t., .see p. 143. 382. H^vuv, V. T.,once victor at the Lenaea ca. 310 b.c. Id. IT 977 '(.-i, W. p. 11.^,. 3H3. Otaypos, V. t., liftli centiirv B.C., Ari.st. Vesp. 579: kvlv Oiaypo? tlatX.Br) ti'yii)y, ovk aTTO^ttvyti irplv uv rjfuv \ tK rrj^ Nio/St/? tiwt] f'trjiTiy Tijv kilWicttjjv dTro\t$aOK\(o\-<: »; At(rj(v'A.ov. The reference tiprjro trpoTtpov is probably, as Vulker after Hichter suggests, to schol. ad TjfU), on Aesopus, where the name of Otjjigrus has fallen out (e. g.. i? kui Owypo?). The text of Aristophanes gives sutKcient indication that he was a tragic actor, and of some stand- ing. V()lker. p. 158. thinks that the Nioln' of Sophocles is referre&>t' at th(> Dionysia at Delos in 268 b. c. He is mentioned Hrst in his comjiany at Delphi. Cf. Preuner Delph. Weihge.schenk, p. 75. 384'». AvXos Otvoth tini.- inentionMJ lirst in Ids company. .-187. n-, I*. K.. act.Hl a play by TimotluMis ca. 197 u. ».. I(i. II 975/. col. ii. \V. p. fW;. If with K.-isch Z«Ui. P.K)7. p. 2^»9. frag./ is to Ix- joine«l to col. i of frag, h, tin- play was the Dactylion and the actor II ... . wy. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 125 388. n , Athenian, tragic sjnagouist representing the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 33. 389. n . . . . »v, u. /<., see No. 387. Probably n[oA.e/x]ajv. 389 a. HajiHi^vTis, v. t.. time of Hadrian, Fhilost. Vit. soph. 2. 7, p. 238: Trj ye Ilv^or .... ore Tlafifievrf? iirl TpaywSt'o i0avixd(r6r}, kui fxoi e8o$av ol (TOOL 'EAAtjvc? ov ^py](rTov TTpayjJua. ipyd^caSai to, tCjv JleXoTTiBuiv koi tcuv Auj8- SaKL8u)v KaKo. $vv rjSovij aKoi'ovTes, referring evidently to the performance of old tragedies at Delphi. The Pammenes mentioned by Cass. Dio 63. 8, whose flornit was under Gains, seems to have been a citharode. 390. nd|ii\os, V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 235 b. c, IG. II 977 g(d'), W. p. 141, assigned to Lenaean comic actors by Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 306. 391. Ilapanovos XoXkiScvs, rpaywSos at the Diouysia at Delos in 259 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 113, where Hauvette-Besnault reports SwnW 'Axap- v[av,'H]Ats UapdfjLovo [ ]8erk, corrected by Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900j, p. 119 (confirmed by Eobinson AJP. XXV [1904], p. 190) to 2. 'AKapvav Si68pa, 8i6 Kal 8taKX.v^ovTai Kal iirLppotpova-t, KaOdirep JIapfj.€vwv 6 viroKpLTt]?, Volker 215. 393 a. IlavXos, Ka>p.u)8os, ca. 400 a. d., Anth. xi. 263 (Palladas): IlavXo) K(Dfxw8w KaT' ovap ora; eiTrev MevavSpos ' ovSev eyw Kara crou Koi ai) Ka/cws p,e Ae'yets. 394. Ilavo-avias Avkwtkov, Athenian, comic synagonist representing the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi ca. 97 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 49, p. 278, 1. 35. Not in Kirchner. 395. na({>iav6s nd4>t.os Tij [8'] inro yrj XeXvp-ai, \ kw/awSos, Ate^^ets tov (Slotov o-Tc'c^avoi/, IG. XIV 411 (Messana), Kaibel Ep. Gr. 605, uncertain date. 120 HISTORY OP ACTORS AND ACTIN'O IN ANCIENT GREECE .'{*.M). n«-, an ack)r praiswl in an Athenian (lecrt-e of setond half of the fourth century, IG. II 28(J^, restontl by Wilhehu, p. 219: i-niBij n[ 3;): d>? \uiv yap lirepfSdWoiTu 'iridrjKoi' 6 Mi-wktko? tov KaWnnri&qv iKoXti, ToiavTrj Sk So^a Koi irtpl IlicSapoi' yjv. Nothing further is known of him, but that he was a tra^nc actor and of a jx'Hml subsepoii. VOlker suf^gesta TinoBiov. A ;^rave-monument to an Athenian IltVSapos, end of fifth century, IG. I 417, col. ii. 1.11. If the text is corrupt, there is no clue to its resto- ration. 3V>9'^ riiTetvs, v.K-., once victor at the Leiiaea ca.2r)(un'.. Hi. 11 977 //(«), vv. p. ir,.3. 4lan^'es de litt. kt., p. .3;');'): AJdiTtio? ytAo)? • fxifivrjrai TavTrj<; Mu-atSpos iy llipivOia Ttj irpwrt] • KiyoxxTi 8< on llXiirrBtinf: 6 i-iroKpiTr]<: tov KapKivov AuiiTa i-ircKpnofifvo^ ivKuipwi (yi\u(Ti. TOV yap OovatTiw<: eiVorros on ra &Kutu ^»; irotetv. p.iTa iipwyua<; o Am? tuJ ycAioTi i\pi')craTo. I'leisthenes must have made his hit when brinf^'in^ out the Aias of Ciircinus as an old play. 101. no- V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. ;i32 b. c. IG. 11 977 mcl. \V. ,. II.-,. 102. Ho- V. K., act«- (/. Probably IIoj Ai'-t'tvos) with Wilhelm, p. SO, a name restortnl by CappsTAPA. XXXI (1900). p. 123, in fra^j. c, ISO ITOn.caml identifi»Hl with the Delian comic actor. No. 410. Mif^'ht, howev.T, Ik- \\J^\ipn„v]. No. .3S9. 403. IIoXudpaTos Ev8b{ou Kupt^vaCos, k.„/u;,<^Av£iis, ephebe in 105 B. c, IG. II 465, 1. 82, and K^pv$ at the Sarapieia at Tanagra, 100-75 b. c, IG. VII 540. Kirchner No. 12176. 416. npwTapx[os .... Tavp]op,£viTTis, v. Kw/nwSta?, uncertain date, inscr. Cos, Baton and Hicks, p. 100. 417. nroXejiaios, tragic synagonist, member of the guild of technitae at Ptolemais, reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, BCH. IX (1885), p. 132, Michel 1017, Ditt. Insc. Or. Gr. 51. 418. IIwedpaTos, V. K., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 264 b. c, IG. II 977 y(iv), W. p. 153. 12S HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 41i). IlvppeJUvf, V. K.,<)ncc victor at the L»-iiaea ca. y)2 B.C.. IG. II9T7 y(u), \\.\K 15:1 420. IIvppixos, V. K.. victor at the Lenaea ca. 2*.)*) b. c, IG. II '.<77 nib'), \V. p. 14;',. 421. IImXos Al-yiW|Tiis, V. T., one of the most famous of tragic actors. We chauc*-, howivrr, to have no in.scriptional evidence for his date and he is not meutioued by any of his contemporaries. We are accordingly ()hliged. All the notices can be consistently combined as referring to one and the same actor, except, in the main, two: Whereas Plut. Vit. Dem. 28 calls him an Aeginetan aiul a pupil of Archias of Thurii (No. 87 l, who hunted Demosthenes to death in 322 B. c: koItov Atyim'iTrjvllwKov.Tuv iT-tpPuXovra Tij Ttyx'Tj Trarra?, eVtiVou (i. e., WiiiXov) ytyoviwiL fJuudrjTijv la-Topoitrti' ((jUotcd in full under No. 87), Luc. Necyom. 16sj)eaksof Polus as theson of C'harides of Sunium: o7/iat 8c' a€ koI toiv ctti t^s (T/ctji^s tro\Xdxi.<; (T^jpua pLp.ifrap.(.voy Trhnq^ Kui TUTTttros iripuuTiv ovKvr ' AyufJL(iivvtifuii^iifiii'o. Flor. iii, p. 211 Mcin.) relates a supposed convei-sation of Socrates with Archelaus, in which tlu- former refers to the acting by Polus of the rOles of Oedipus the King and Oj-ilipus ti»e Beggar: 17 ov\ opa«, otlovk ivffxuvoTipov ov8i :7810V 6 IlwAo? Tor Tvpiivvov OlSiTTuSa xmiKpivtTO >/ TOf cVi KoAwi'uJ oAt/ttji' Kut TTTM-^ov', UTu ^upwv llaiAoo o yivvmoaviiTai., oj? p.i] irny to iripiTiBky t\ tov dtufioyiox^ irpo- aiDTToy tiroKpiyuiTdtu kuAo*;; oi'8t yt tov 'OSvtrtTui /xt^i>;(TtTui, oaTis Kal iv Toiii fxxKttnv oi'Siy piiiov 8tt7rpt7rt»' »; cV ti'i ovAj; )^\a>.yT] Ttj 7rop<^ipa ; From this it has b«'<'n inferred that this P(»lus, a e4)ntemporary nf Socrates, played these nMes at the original pnxluction of tlie two plays of Sophocles (ca. 4H() and 101 ii.(.), and certainly the hrsl prtnluction of the Oetlipus ColoneuH nuist have Iwen meant, for S(KTates di«Hl in liW. This P«»lus cannot have U-en the pupil of .\rchias, who.se first victory at the Lena«'a was won ca. .'128 i\.c. (•.>77 /. abovi', p. 82), nor can either the pupil of Archias or the C(»ntemi>orary of ScHM-ates have l»een thet)ne who demonstrattnl to Demos- thenes the value of delivery, cf. Anon. Khet. t). p. .'IT) Walz: ipwn)6il<; yoiv woTt, Ti tiv ui] pTjToptny, ' i'Tro»tpi trusted; Plut. Vit. D«'m. 7 says that it was the tnigic actor Satyrus who PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAEOORUM 129 gave this lesson to the orator (see passage under No. 430). Taking the the above statements as authentic, we should have to assume, not two actors Polus, with Schafer Dem. u. seine Zeit I-, p. 244, and Volker, pp. 185 ff., but three: (1) the contemporary of Socrates, (2) the teacher of Demosthenes, and (3) the pupil of Archias, the Aeginetan. Either (1) or (2) would be the Sunian. This argument, however, while logical, is uncritical. The anecdotes about Socrates and of the connection of Demosthenes with actors are full of anachronisms. More weight should be given to the following considerations in favor of a single Polus, of the last quarter of the foiuth century: Demosthenes, Aristotle, and the other fom-th-century writers mention no Polus, as they almost certainly would have if he had been one of the famous actors of their time or before. Further, all the late writers who mention Polus know of only one of the name, and what they say would apply to an actor of the end of the fourth century, if we except the anecdotal allusions in the stories about Socrates and Demosthenes. Again the fragments of the Victors'-lists which we possess cover fairly the period in which a tragic actor who first acted the Oed. Rex would have been likely to win his first victory (i. e., from 449 to ca. 430, Dionysia, and from ca. 432 to ca. 400, Lenaea, see above, pp. 61 ff .), while the period of Demosthenes is entirely covered by the Lenaean list (p. 62, col. ii above) and also the period of Archias down to ca. 318 b. c. The name of Archias himself occurs in a position which implies a first victory ca. 328. A pupil of his, if he won a Lenaean victory, would have appeared in the Victors'-list a decade or so after; the name of Polus could have stood in the lacuna at the top of col. iv, somewhere near 315 B. c, and in a corresponding position in the City list, now lost. The positive and the negative evidence, taken as a whole, tends to discredit the testimony of Plut. De amic, who was simply concerned with putting illustration in the mouth of Socrates, regardless of the anachronism involved. As for the statement of Lucian, who calls Polus a Sunian, it is difficult to estimate its credibility. Kirchner No. 12536 says: "De patro- nymica et demotico dubito." It is noteworthy that Lucian is our only source for the full name of Satyrus as well as for Polus; he probably invented the prosaic plain citizen-name for rhetorical contrast with the heroic names "Agamemnon son of Atreus," and "Creon son of Menoeceus." However, it is possible to accept his statement by assuming that Polus of Aegina, like many other actors and poets, was admitted to Athenian citizenship. Concluding, then, that there was but one Polus, what we know of him is as follows: An Aeginetan (Plut., 1. c), possibly the son of Charicles and admitted into Athenian citizenship as a Sunian (Luc, 1. c). A pupil of Archias of Thurii (Plut., 1. c), his first success in the contest was achieved ca. 318-315 (IG. II 977 v, W. p. 145, above, p. 63). With Nicos tratus, Callippides, Mynniscus, and Theodorus he was counted by Plut. 130 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE Mor. 348/rqiiot»'d alxivf undHr No. 230) as among the glories of ancient Athens. Mentiontxl with Aristodemus by Luc. Apol. fi, Jiip. trag. 3, and with Aristodemus and Satynis by Luc. Jup. trag. 41 (all quoted under No. 62). That he was especially famous for his acting of cla.ssic r6les may Ix* inftrred from Plut. De amic, 1. c. (Oedipus Rex, (Xnlipus Colo- neus). and Aul. Gel. H. 5, referring to Soph. Elec. 112fi: historia de Polo histrione memoratu digna .... histrio in terra Grat-cia fuit fama celebri, qui gestil)us et vocis claritudine et veniistate ceteris antistalxit; nomen fiiis.se aiunt Polum; tragoedias poetarum nobilium .scite atque asseverate actitavit. is Polus uniceamatiim filium morteamisit. eum luctum quoniam satis visas est eluxisse. rt66v 'Eparoadcmf: Kui ^iXoxopos i(TTopov(Tiv (/S^OfiijKovT' Itt] ytytVTjfxfvov oKTio TfxiywSia<; iv Tcrrap- (Tiv TjfjLipfWi ^uiyun'ta-iurOai fUKpov tfiTrpotrdtv t»)? TeXtrriji. Atlian De animal. 7. 10 n-latt's: \ltu\u) piv tw t^5 Tpay8ui? vwonpiTij o Kvcur o Tpd<^i/xo9 aiTov TtdviutTi Kut Kaop.ii'w iavTov (rvvKaTiirprjn-t. Tij m'pn (pTriSi](Ta<:. Th»' an«H.'dote in Vit. X Onit. S4S/».- IluiXov St ttotc tov vnoKpirov Trpos uiTov ilirovro-i, oTi SvfTiV yfp.ipat<; aytt}virra.pitvo<: rdXaiToy \d(3oi ptaSov, ' iyw 6,' iiirt, ' TroTt rdXaiTa p^v rjptpav (n«i>7r»)fm?,' is told by Aul. Gell. 11. 9. 2, on the authority <»f (Vitolaus, of Arist(Hlemus(quot«'d under No. 230), and is p»it into the mouth of C. Gracchus and referred to Demades inst.ad of to Demasthenes, the actor not bring jnentioned, id. 11. 10. 3: quo in tfmpore (ira»>cus tragot^- dus gloriae sibi (huvliat talentmn magnum ob imam fabulam datum esse, homo el(KjU»«ntissiinus civitatis suae Demades v'\ n-spondisse dicitur. "mirum tibi videtur si tu hxpicndo talentuiu (|ua»>- '\*aS(dpAiv&t'<:\. Probably related \o 'VaSapni-Oxs 'Attiiw, vvdaiiTTi}<: -iraU in 138 n. c, ibid., p. I'.KS, 1. 1.'), an«l duoptk in 128 n. < ., ibid., p. I'.m;. I. 12. Not in Kirchmr. 42.3. 'PoO^ot 'PiSiot, Kopoirtos. iMicrrtaiii «it'cu»' k&')V ] AJiilfiTrpoK tV ] 7rup[o-7rep ras] is t^v {ittok/oictiv dKpt)8[£iias ws TasJ Tcuv ly^wv o"€/AvdT77T[o5 eVeKCv]. 424. 2-, V. K. (?), IG. II 977 m'(a'), W. p. 164. 425. 2-, i. K. (?), ca. end of third century, IG. II 976, W. p. 88, iire 2-. 426. Sa-, V. K. (?), ca. end of third century, IG. II 976, W. p. 88, iwe 2a-. 427. 2avv£«v, Kco/AwSos (St's) at the Dionysia at Delos in 284 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 104. 428. SapiTTjSwv 'Ak|xov£vs Kal 'Ec(rios, Trais KoifxwSo^, honored by the Ephesiaus Trj<; ire.pl tt]v viroKpLcnv e/A7reipias (ei/eKa), VLKrjaaa(Tiv ckttco-ovtos avTov .... Kal /3ap€cos €povTO<;, inaKoXovOrjaaL SoiTvpov tov viroKptT-qv iinT-q- ociov ovTa Kal crvveXOciv. oSvpofiivov 8k tov ArjfxocrOevovi irpos avTov, otl . . . . , TrapopaTai. 8' avTos, ^ aXrjOrj Xe'yets, w Ar?p.oo-^£V£S,' dvai tov SaTupov, 'dAA' cyw TO aiTtov IdaofjuaL Ta^coj?, dv {xol twv EiiptTri'Sov Ttva prjaewv 17 Soc^o/cAeovs ideXrio-r]<: etVctv dTTo CTTo/wxTOs.' eiTTovTos Be tov Arjfjioadevov^, p-CTa AaySovTa tov SaTvpov ovToj TrAdcrai Kal SLe^eXOetv iv iqOeL irpeirovTL koI BvaOeaei Tr)v avT7)v prjaiv, w(t6^ oAws hepav tw AiqpjoadeveL avrjvaL. This passage may refer equally well, 132 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IS AN'CIENT GREECE however, to the comic actor No. 430, in which case Lucian is the only authority for a tn«g-ic actor of the uanie. It is noteworthy that no Saty- riis appears in the Lenaean Hst of tra^c victors, p. 62. col. ii, above. Kirchner No. 126(>4. 4;^1. Zarvpos ATj|iox«ipow "Aftrivaios, tragic dida.scalus at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 B. < ., SGDI. 2r,r>4. 1. 49. Kirchner No. 12582. 432. ZeiTvpos SifiOLKou 'Ap-yiios, tragic dida.scalus at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, SODI. 2r)t;:}. 1. ;i8. Se<> under 4.%. 43,S. Saropos, tragic synagonist, member of the guild of technitae of Ptolemais, nign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, BCH. IX (1885), p. 132. where (ZaifTTvpo? is reported, corrected by Wilhelm, p. 252. Michel 1017. Ditt. Insc. Or. Gr. 51. 434. Za»v8a«, If. r., once victor at the Diouvsia ca. 440 a. c, IG. II 977 p{ry W. p. 137. 435. SCjiaKos M«v«KpQTou 'Apytioi, Ka>/iu>8os at the Soteria at Delphi in 271 and 270 b. c. S(U)1. 2564, 1. HH, 25«)5, 1. 70. His son may have been No. 331, ko)/x(jj3os at Delos in 259 b. v. 43»). 2ijiv, V. K., see under Hernion. No. 1S3. 437. Sifitas 'Aetivalos, koj/xu>^o<; at the Dionysia at DeUvs in 2S0 and 279 B. c, BCH. VII ( 1SS3), pp. im, lOS. Kirchner No. 12H66. 438. 2i|io«, V. T., fourth century B.C., Ath. ir>4(/, quoting the At'vtK Alexis: 'Hp. St/txo; 8' co-ti ti's; ' Aiv. fuiX ev4>xn]<; a.y$pwiro<:. iirl rpayw- oiav I wpfirjKe vvv, /cai rwv fiiv VTroKpiroJi' ttoAv ' Kparicrro? ioTiv oi/'Ottoios. ws SoKti Toi? ;^u>/x€j'ocs, ToJi' 8' oipoiToiQiv i-TTOKpi-njs. The conjtH'ture of Meinehe I. p. 125, that he is perhaps the same as Simyliis ( No. 440). is unwarranted. 439. Sinvicas, an actor of the latter part of the fourth century b. o., Theophrastus apud Ath. 348a.' rjk cinnpanies into the denies for tragic exhil)itions. This was lH>for»' .Xt'schines enten-fl upon his jmiU- tical career. 111. ZiXcaw lAXo.i'os, .\theiiian, c»>mic synaironist representing the Athe niau gull. I ..f teehnit.ie nt Delphi ca. 97 b. c. HCH. XXX (li^Ofi), No. 49. p. 278. 1, ;U. Not ill Kireliiier. PEOSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 133 Ilia. 2o«j>oK\fis So<|>C\\ov Ko\wv€vs, the tragic poet, is reported to have taken part in the ball-playing scene, Eustath. ad. Od. p. 1553, and to have played the harp in the Thamyras, Ath, 20/; t6v ®d/xvpLv SiSdaKwv avTos iKiOdpLcrev, aK/ows 8e itK^aipLcrev on tyjv Navo'iKoav Ka6rJK€. These may both have been mute roles. From Vit. Soph. 127. 23 West, it may be inferred that he never attempted speaking parts: TrpaJrov fxh KaraXvo-as T)]V VTTOKpLCnV TOV TrOLTJTOV StO. TT/V p.lKpOcf)(i}VLaV TTexAoi yap KOL 6 TTOtTJT^S VTreKpivero <^acri 8' on kol KiOdpav dvaXajSw iv fxovw tw 0a/xvpt8t' ttotc iKi6dpL(rcv. 442. 2ov'\ios, V. T., victor at the Lenaea ca. 313 b. c, IG. II 977 r(a-), W. p. 145. See under No. 62. 444. SrpaTOKXfjs, comoedus apud Juv. 3. 99 (quoted under No. 34). Characterized by Quint. 11. 3. 178 (quoted under No. 130) as especially good in the roles of gods, young men, good fathers and slaves, matrons, old women, etc. 445. STpoiTwv 'lo-iSoTov 'AOrivaios, as V. Kaj/xwSias victor at the Amphiaraia at Oropus soon after 86 b. c, IG. VII 416, and as v. Kati/^s KwyawStas, at the Musaea at Thespiae 100-75 b.c. ibid. 1761, BCH. XIX (1895), No. 14, p. 340. Kirchner No. 12970. A descendant SrpaTwv 'Io-iSotov KvBa6r]vai€v<; insc. tit. sep. first century a. d., IG. Ill 1778; cf. Capps AJA. IV (1900), p. 78, whose dating is corrected by Kirchner Prosop. II, p. 482. 446. SrpaTwv, Ka)|U,w8os, a contemporary of Plutarch, Plut. Mor. 673 c d : TTcpi aiv lyevovTO Aoyoi kqI (tov 7rapovT05 €v 'A^r^vats Ty/^ttv, ore Sxparcov 6 KWfitx)- 8o? €vr)iJiep7](T€v {r]v yap avrov ttoAi)? Aoyos), ecrnw/Aevcov rjfiijjv irapa BorjOo} tw 'ETTt/covpeto)- crvveSeLtrvovv 8' ovk oAtyot twv ciTro Trj<; atpeVetos. cW^ olovei (f)i\o\6- yots ir€pUaTr)(T€v rj rrj's Kw/AwStas p-vrip.-q tov Xoyov ets ^-^T-qaLV aiTtas, St' rjv opyt^o- fjLevoJV rj XvTTOVfJievwv ^ StSLOToiv <^ojvas d/coi'ovres d)(dop.f.6a koi Sv(TKoXaivofX€v, ol 8' v-iroKpiv6fJi€voL TavTa to. irddr] Kol p.Lp.ovfX€voL ras t^wvas auToJv kol tois hva.decru% tvcfipaLvovaLV rjp.a.<;. 446 a. KvivTos MdpKos SrpaTwv, Athenian of the deme Cholleidai, kw/aoj- 8os TreptoSovetKT/s, second centxiry a. d., honored by his admirers, probably members of the same guild, with a tombstone, according to an epigram found in Athens, Ath. Mitt. XVII (1892), p. 172: Trjhe Mcvav8p«'a)v cttcW SeSaTjKora Tratras | rv^tas, evUpoL^ dyXaov iv OvfxeXaK, | eKTepicrav depdrrovres dep(TLLrj T€ vioL ixe/xiXrjcrOe, \ Sevop-evov yepawv p.r} TrapavdaOe rdfjiov, | dXXa irapa- (TTeL^ovTes 7} ovvopjx kXuvov opuaprrj \ ^(DcrecT', rj pa8tvas avp-TrXarayeLTe ^epas- At the side: KrtvTos MapKos SxpaTcav kol Kmvros MapKos Ttnavos XoXAetSat Kw/i,a)8ot 7r€pto8ovetKat, and below, by another hand: Trpoo-eweVoi STpartova Kttt n/iw Kpcn-u). Straton was especially admired as an interpreter of the 134 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE erotic plays of Mt-nander; Peruict' loc. cit. comparfs the fpignim on Me- naiulrr, Kail)«'l Epigr. Gr. 1085. Possibly identical with the preceding. 447. 2«-, i. K. (?). IG. II 977 m'ia), W. p. 164. 44H. 2ov vTroKpivofiivov TO. iv Tolt Tptpuntvu. 452. 2«8os at tile S«^teria at Delphi 269 B.C.. S(il)I. 25t;6. 1. 67. 454. I««r(iraTpot, T/xiya>do«. by t lie I(i-huitae ( >f Asia and the llellesjMHit vtpi]6uSov rfp.€pa<: 8i'«, Kui if ndpttSwi ivpiv Spu;^/i»;r, rj Si dia iytvtTO Stopidv. 'iBvptii AiTiTraTpof, T^« ^n-id<>i iwiSoatut^, etc., iiiriSwKi) iuxriAoj', etc. 456. 2»Tay«(.S<«iS»'«)at the Dionysia at Deh^s in 259 n.c. urn. VII (1SS:{|. p. li;{: :i^Tiwy 'AKap^^a^, MIIAu. corrected to iio.Ti'u.i' PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 135 'AKapvhv 8ts by Capps TAPA. XXXI (1900), p. 119, confirmed by Robinson AJP. XXIV (1904), p. 190. Identified by Reisch De mus. cert., p. 97, with the father of Aristocrates s. Sotion Acharnanian, rpaywSds at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 54, No. 64. 458. SwTvXos *iXo|€vo\) AIt«X6s, rpaywSos at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 and 271 b. c, SGDI. 2563, 1. 43, 2564, 1. 46 (in the former the father's name is omitted). 459. 2«i\Lr]S Xpvo-epws Kal TraiSds dperrjii rrjvS' eirl t<5 fivij/xrjs cive/c' WrjKC napov. Insc. Rome, IG. XIV 2050, IGRR. I 358. 469. *-, V. K., acted a play by lolaus at the Dionysia ca. 186-170 b. c, IG. II 975 g, W. p. 80. 470. 4»ai8pos *A9t)vaios, kw/xwSos at the Dionysia at Delos in 282 b. o., BCH. VII (1883), p. 105. Kirchner No. 13954. 13f> HISTOBY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 471. «I>avvXos, KwfuoB6<: at th»' Dionjsia at Delos in 263 b. c BCH. VII (1883), I). 11-2. 472. *€?-, V K., victor at the Lenaea ca. 218 b. c, IG II 977 a\ \\ . p. 153. 473. 4>€p«KpdTTjs 'Aftrivaios, thf comic poet, .seem.s to have been a comic actor l)«fore he became a poet. Anon, De com., p. 8, 1. 1 Kaibel: -ytvd/Kvo? 8< VTOKpiW/s cXd7ropos, the fictitious name of a comic actor in Ale. Ep. 3. ,35 Schejiers (3. 71 I. At^Kfxivr)^ 6 T^? K(Dfiw6ia<; TTOirjri)^ .... to? wy7)fjuaTOp(wvos 08ius vict<)r at the Musa(>a at Thespiae 1»>1-1()9 a. d., BCH. XIX (1895), No. 17, p. ;W5. 477. ^iX'fiii.cuv, V. K., twice victor at the Lenaea ca. 370 b. c, IG. II 977 !(/), W. pp. 1H1,252. Arist. Khet. 1413 b 25, illustnitinj,' the effect of uiTufioKi] ill delivery: olov nal ^iXyjfimv o i-TroKpiT?;? cVoui tv ti rfj 'Ava$avSpi- Sou VtpoiTopMVia., oTt kiyu "'PaBupAvdv^ kuI IlaAa/x»)87/s.' Koi wi^ ■nXcyx^V ^^^'- Timarchus) Trupa AivKwviSov. to? iAa>Ta8ov k»;SlA»J/XO»'(X: tov VTTOKptTOV llKOdl /X» (J?. 478. *iXf|ophihis?) at the Dionysia in 311 n. c, IG. 11 971 c. \V. p. 45: [{-Tt: . . . ittItto?, res t on k I by Wilhelm; see No. 521. 481. +iXli^Xou, .\thenian, traf.:ic hypcHlidascahis. amkissador to the Amphyitionic Council on behalf of the Athenian Dionysiac artists in l.WJ*.' I' ' . IG. II 551, 11. 17. 72, Michel 1(X)9. Another copy BCH. XXIV (1900). p. SJ. I'or the dat«« s«h' Ferguson Priests of Asklepios. Not in KirrluuT. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAEGORUM 137 483. *iXokX€£8iis XoXkiScvs, T^aywSds at the Dionysia at Delos in 284 B. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 104. 484. *i\oK\fis, V. K., victor at the Lenaea ea. 288 b. c, IG. II 977 z(v), W. p. 153; victor at the Dionysia ca. 283, ibid. b'c'{fw), W. p. 156. Might be restored in SGDI. 2563, 1. 59 (272 b. c), [^tAoJ/cA^s Ato/iXo(rT€4>avos, v. k., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 242 b. c, IG. II 977 zci{v), W. p. 153. Wilhelm's identification with the comic poet is a possibility; above, p. 41, n. 490. 4»iXo'(X«v STpdTwvos 'AuPpaKicinis, k(o/xw8os at the Soteria at Delphi in 270 B. c, SGDI. 2565, 1. 60. Possibly, as Wilhelm, p. 165, suggests, to be restored in IG. II 977 m, which Reisch Z5G. 1907, p. 306, assigns to the Lenaean list of comic actors. 492. *tX«v, TpaywSds at the Dionysia at Delos in 171 b. c, BCH. IX (1885), p. 147. 493. *CXwv, V. K., acted the ['ArJ^tSes of an unknown poet at the Dio- nysia ca. 140 B. c, IG. II 975/1, W. p. 81. For the date of this fragment see Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 299. Capps's identification with No. 491 is impossible on account of the date. 138 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTIN'd IN ANCIENT (JREECE VM. ^i.\uviSy]s Kv8a&Tivai«vs, tlif* foiiiic jxH't. was (Udasciilus for Aristo- phan«'.s in thu prtKluction of the Clouds 423. Wasps 422. Amphiaraus 414. Frog's 405. Was also active as a {Kxt ilurii)^' this periotl. Falsely calletl an actor by schr)l. Arist. Nuh. oHl (quoted under No. 279). Kirchner No. 14904. 49.'). iXwvC8T]f 'Apio-TOfiaxov ZaKvv9ios, K(nfiwS6<: at the Soteria at Delj)hi in 272 B. c, SCI 1)1. 2i)t^i, 1. 4S. and priest il)id. 2')H:i, 256-1, 2565. 2566. Once victor at the Lenaea ca. 276 b. c, IG. II 977 z(r), W. p. 153. and victor at the Dionysia «i. 2H4, ibid. 6' c' {f w), W. p. 156. Appeare6. 4>iXt(iSt)s, see No. 508. 497- *iX«iTas 4>iX. tAajTov. sinj^er at the paean ca. 97 B.C., ibid., No. 49, p. 277, 1. 26. 498. 4>opnU*v, participated in Alexander's celebration at Susa in 324 B. c, Chares apud Ath. 5;^9 d (quoted under No. 13). Restortnl by Krthler in the list of Lena.an victors ca. .'W) n. c, IG. II 977 .»(;.). W. p. 150. . . p ; doubtful. ■IW. 4>papvvixos XopoicX^ous, V. T.. lifth century B. c, .schol. Arist. Vesp. 1302: ivkoyiiiTuTov ay ilr] Tor TpuyiKov V'7ro>cpiT»/v. Schol. Arist. Av. 740 dis- tin;.j^uishes four persons of the name: o crepo?, Xopo#cXc'ois mils. inroKpi-n'js. r>01. +VTIOS, V. T., twice victor at the Lenaea ca. 392 b. c. IG. II 977 a, W. p. 1 15. 502. Xaip^o-Tparos, v. r.. once victor at the Dionysia ca. 435 n. c. KJ. II 977 ;>(♦■'), W. p. 137. First in the list of Lenaoan victors ca. 432 b. c, ibid. r.s. W. j>. 145. For the date .s»>«' al)ove, p. 46. 50.3. Xaip^o-Tparos *iXa-ypov, Athenian, tragic synapmist representing^ the Athenian ^'uild of te<-hnita.« at Delphi ca. 97 b. c, HCH. XXX (liX)6), No. 49, p 27H, 1. 17. Not in Kirchner. 5(M. XopCas, iV T.. victor at the Lenaea ca. ;W)S a. ( ., IG. II 977 r{j% W. p. 145. r)05. Xap(a$ XapCou "AO^vaios, as v. (»«m'v«> rpnyioSuK; victor at the Amphiareia at Oropus soon after 86 b. c., UJ. VII 416. His father Charias s. Charias Athenian XoAAt('S»7«f was ^ymnasiarch for the Ht>rmt>ia at Delos ca. i:«> ».<•.. new. XV (l*K)h, pp. 255. 256. cf. Tauly Wissowa III 2i:?2 Kirchner No. I5.32M. rf. UuW). 50^). Xap(8Ti(ios, V. T., victor at the Lniaca ca. JOO n. e., IC. II '.(77 .s-. W. p. 145. PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 139 507. X6piiYos, Kw/Aw8os at the Dionysia at Delos in 268 b. c, BCH. VII (1883), p. 109. Brinck Diss. Hal. VII (1886), p. 197, restored as a proper name; see also Robinson AJP. XXIV (1904), p. 189. 508 aSus, V. T., once victor at the Lenaea ca. 346 b. c, IG. II 977 t{o\ W. p. 145, perhaps [^LXwT]d8ri<;, Wilhelm. 508a. — -as-, IG. II 977 g\ W. p. 160, probably to be restored ['Apwr- ayopjas-, according to Capps AJP. XX (1899), p. 404, n. 3; see No. 56, 5086. avBpow, Kw/xwSos at Delphi ca. 138-128 b. c, representing the Athenian guild of technitae, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 48, p. 273, 1. 36. Restore: [Atoa-KovpL^v M.ev]a.vSpov, No. 158. 509 aros, V. T., victorious at the Dionysia in 399 b. c, IG. II 971 d, Wilhelm Wiener Jahresheft X (1907), p. 39, cf, Urk., p. 22. Wilhelm restores [un-oKpir^s NiKoo-TpJaros, see No. 368. 510 8ov SvpaKoo-ios, Tpayp,a)8ds TkavKia^ 'HpaKXet- Sov, of ca. 114 B. c, is hazardous; see No. 107. 140 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE 517. uv$, as KwfiwSui iroAiiia? KiofjLwBia<; victor at tli<" Must'ia at Thospiae, shortly l>efore 161 A. d , IG. VII 1778. See alx)ve, p. 71. Janiot ill BCH. XIX (1H95), p. 341, reports 18 letters in the lacuna. 51H. Uov, Athenian, Ku>/n«i>8(k at Delphi 18.H-128 b. c. representing the Athenian ^'iiikl of technitae, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 4H, p. 273, 1. 25. Probably [Tifit^ivov 'Apx"'l«''tT/fravTa ti? ri [to. Aw>- vwTui^ a]^i(i>dtvTa ri{y\S0) or [KoAAtTrlTTos; the former is doubtless right. 522. - icios Topa«vs, K(D/«i)So? first century b. o., insc. Nimes, IG. XIV 21i>i<, KiHR. I 21 : . . . \wu [ ..... €|o)s KWfiwSov Tr{tipa8t'>$]ov ^opavXov Trap OS Kai(Tapi(ii<: TfioWuivov [ [mos Tu^atis »:oft|u)dosl ....... I €»' 'Foi/ij;, 'upa<; a-vi\uSov\ . . . | . . . ] ;^opui'Ar;s y'. KuTrtrloJAui ^V Pto/xr;], etc. 528 .... tc(Xli)s AiokX^ous 'AOiivatos, K<; at the Soteria at Delphi in 272 B. c, S(iDl. 2r>().{. 1. 59. uronf,'ly restortnl there [AioIkA^? the tragic actor No. 148. Might l)e *iAo-, lloAv-, or Meve-. comic actors of the same period and guild, see Nos. 484, 82S; but the date of tlu* first is too early, of the last t(K> late. Hence the re.storation IFIoAvIkA^? (No. 4(M;) is prac- tically certain, Capps TAPA. XXXI (P.KJ()), p. 126. 524 Kos, V. »c.,actcHl the Adelphai of the j)oet -n;s at the Diony- sia ca. 2(H) n. c ., U;. II 975 />. col. i, W. p. 72. 525 Kjot, V. T., once victor at tin- Lt-iiaea c;i. 262 h. i .. IG. 11 977 //('/'i W. |i. 1 11, a.ssigiUHl to the Lt-nacjin list of tragic actors by Ktisih ZA(i. l'.K)7. p. ;«h;. To Ix> restored ( KAeoriK lo?. No. ;-i02. 526 KJvSiif, three times vict«)r, IG. II 977 m'(8t;<;, No. IS*'). 527. , . . KMv, V. K.. four times victor at the Lniara ca. .■<55 n.c. 1(4. II 977 Jil>), W. p. 150. VKr^wyt 52H. -Xou, .\tliriiian, »(w/xwSrt,is TnipaSo^o?, inscr. Nlines lirst criitury A. P., IG. \IV Jl'.t'.i, I(;i;b' 1 21 Ciuot.tl under No. 522). PROSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 141 530 jiaxos, V. K., acted the ParakatathekS of — Tr/occr/SuVepos red- (vr)Km) ca. 210-187 b. c, IG. II 975 i. Capps's restoration [Auo-tjjuaxos is possible but not his identification with No. 323. 531 V, V. K., twice victor, IG. II 977 m\a'), W. p. 164, assigned by Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 306, to the Lenaean list of comic actors, third century b. c. Identification and date uncertain. Wilhelm, p. 165, sug- gests 4>tAa)v or NcKwv, Nos. 491, 376 or 377. 532 v,v.K., once victor, IG. II 977 m'{a); cf. No. 532. 532 a I/, Kco^wSos at lasos ca. 180-150 b. c, Lebas- Wad. Ill 257. To be restored ['Airo\\68vios, Kwfxp]os, No. 288. 539 OS, V. K., acted the Anepsioi of an unknown poet at the Dionysia toward end of third century b. c, IG. II 975/, VV. p. 68. 540 OS, V. K., acted in the -v/Ae'vo) of an unknown poet at the Dionysia in 169 b. c, IG. II 975 c, W. p. 76. '[Avo-iVxl"?' ^o- ^23? 541. — OS Ati|jitit£ov 'AOrivaios, as v. KWfxwBiCiv victor at the Sarapieia at Tanagra ca. 100-75 b. c, IG. VII 540. To be identified with No. 128, Ar]fx.rJTpLo^ i\r}ixr]TpLov, 97 B. c? Kirchner No. 3349. 542 p[— , IG. II 977 7n'{a'), W. p. 164, assigned by Reisch ZoG. 1907, p. 306, to the Lenaean list of comic actors, third century b. c. Identification and date uncertain. Capps AJP. XX (1899), p. 400, reports pt8a[sj. 542a. — ^pos ni — 5 IGr. II 977 g', W. p. 160, probably to be restored ['Ao-kXtjttioSwJpos according to the suggestion of Capps AJP. XX (1899), p. 404, n. 3; see No. 93. 142 HISTORY OF ACTORS AND ACTING IN ANCIENT GREECE :Ali pot, tr. K., once (II corrwted to I) victor at the Lenaeii ca 2r)() B. c, IG. II 977 ft, \\. p. 15;^. Probably with Wilhelni to be restored I K7;<^io-o&ii ]po?. No. 2HH. r)H s, V. T., once victor at the Dionysia ca. 430 b. c, Ut. II 'J77 i>{e') col. i, 1. 10, directly under [A£7rlTt'»{»7s-l, but not re|Kirted by Wilhelm, p. 137. iAii s, V. T., twice victor at the Lenai-a ca. 353 b. c, IG. II 977 tip), 1. ir., w. p. 1 tr,. 546 s, V. T., twice victor at tht^ Lenaea ca. 'J.'?9 b. c, IG. II 977 r(j-). 1. 1. W. p. 1 15. 546a. s nil, IG. II 977 g , W. p. 160, probably to !>» rf-store identifi«Hl possibly with KT;<^iT(09. No. 288, Wilhelm. .'')5() TTis, V. K., act«>d in the -rypa of an iniknown jHX't at tlic Dionysia toward end of thin! century b. v. IG. II 975/, W. p ^}^^. 551 v|vos, V. T.. twice victor at the Lenaea ca. 2t>8 b. c, IG. II 977 07. p. :<()♦;. 552 «v, V. K., aettnl the Progamoun of an unkni)wn ptx-t ca. 210 187 H. c, IG. II 975 i, \V. p. 79. ( ©apoaV Itov, No. 225? 553 u>v Aiowo-Cov 'AOrivaCos, as r. TraAuia? TpayajSuii victor at the Mu.saea at Th.spia.- 167-116 ii. e.. BGH. XIX ( 1S'.»5).' No. 11. p. .'W. The heading is l)i()kiii ofT. l)ut is nston-d with certainty. Kirchner No. noH. 5M »p, thrice victor. IG. II 977 m'{n'), W. p. UU, assigiu-il by Kei.sch ZaCi, liH)7, p. ."M)6, to the Lenaean list of comic actons, thin! century B. c. Identification and date uncertain. Wilhelm (EtT/i'ltop. 554rt 1 III, Lenaean list (/'ro\kivi)v%, Athenian (7), v. (tnigic or comic). Aiist. \'esp. 1279. w fuiKapi^ \irTt')fiivi<;, ui? (Ti fuiKupi^ofiiy, TruiSiif if^iTiiKrwi on )(^iipoTi)^yi- KojTaroi-?- .... Tov h' iiroKpiTijv iripoy (i/iy(iA«ov «i>ov. Schol. ad 1(K'.: ovK lim fmK iVoKptToit' .•\iTop€»()i'<; «(tto' vkW- His bmthcrs were Arignotus and .Vripluadts, whom KircliiHT treats as Atliciiiaiis. Ntvs. 1612, 2201. PEOSOPOGRAPHIA HISTRIONUM GRAECORUM 143 556 Aiowo-oSwpov, tragic synagonist representing the Athe- nian guild of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), p. 288, 1. 33. 557 AwpoG^ov, Athenian, comic synagouist representing the Athenian guild of technitae at Delphi in 106 b. c, BCH. XXX (1906), No. 50, p. 288, 1. 31. Restore [0eo<^iAos], No. 237, cf. 0eo<^iAo? AwpoOeov, one of the singers of the paean ibid. No. 49, p. 278, 1. 28, ca. 114 b. o. His son [A]wpo^£[o]s ©e[o<^tAov Kp]w[wL8rjs] was ephebe in 105 b. c, IG. II 465, 1. 70, Kirchner No. 4615. 558. 'H-yT)'' He may have been a mime, as Kaibel thought. Messalinus in Kaib. 1050, on the other hand, seems to have been a comic actor (cf. a-Krjvrjt iroXvyijdio^}. P. 124, No. 381a. Epigram of an unknown poet to a statue of Xenophon, Anth. Plan. IV. 289: airbv 'U^aKxov i86^afj.ev, r)vlKa \r)vois \ 6 irp4Lu\^Tav [*iAoiTovl, No. 497; [0<(^tAovl \wpodiov, Nos. 2r^7, 557. Id. II 977 />((•'), col. ii, 1. 5: Nt ( K^vSpo?- ), p. 61, col. ii, and No. 352. u(j-), 1. 3: Y ke-qv^u>p\o^ II, p. 62, col. iii, aiul Nos. 13. 535. dis), 1. 3: KAt(?,8wpos-|. p. m, col. v. and No. 299. ct{8), 1. 8: [*A Ipio-'i Tap;(o?- 1. p. 63, col. V, and Nos. .55. 57. gfcf), 1, 15: [KA«oi'ik1o? I, p. 63, col. v, and Nos. ;302, 525. q[d'), 1. 16: l'ApK£o-i'Aa]os I, p. 63, col. v, and Nos. 79. 536. zii'ir\ 1. 14: 'H[yr^ia\i II, p. 6.5, col. vi, and N... 209. I(>. II 975 /, 1. 2: \(r)ap(Tv, Nos. 225, 552. '•, 1. 6: [AiW/xaxlos, Nos. 323. 540. /, (••)!. i, after 1. 2: [xnro NiKo^ftos ivUa]. p. 52 and No. 363. /, col. ii, 1. 4, with r, col. i, 1. 10: II|oX£>laj.'. f/, 1. 2: IIolAt/iwv|?, No. 402. ,■. <■.,]. i. 1. S: I'HpaKAci'Slr/s, Nos. 202, 515, 516. /'/. \ II 510. I. 15: [ At;/x>/tpi1os Atz/xt/tpiov 'A^jjwio?, Nos. 12M, 541. SUl)l. II 2727: | di-ray [wvi'^aro for [ormy-], p. 29, n. Lfhas-Waddin^^ton 111 257 (la.sos): Y S.iToXX6&iiipo\v, Nos. 42 and 5,'i2 (j. Schol. Ao.sch. 77/H. 157: llap/io'tov o KwiuKoa(Ti <(iVoKptT)/v')>. »cAcVt>;v /cat, etc., No. 4321. Suft. Vespnti. 19: Aix'lh'ti for AjwUnri, No. .38. Kaib. Epiy. (Jr. 926, 1. 10: read [pai/^w [Sos or ( Aip«i)]Sos instt-ail of [Mu/x«jj]6tk. Itnaii RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT T0^-#- 202 Mam Library LOAN PERIOD 1 - HOME USE o 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 month loans may be renevA^ed by calling 642-3405 '^ monrh ^or.'>'> r-ny bo 'frhnrqed by hr.ng.nq booV^ tc CTCulottO"^ Osk DUE AS STAMPED BELOW ^ 2 flj r '^ ^ 5 J: 2 i UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. BERKELEY FORM NO DD6, 60m. 3 '80 BERKELEY CA 94720 GENERAL '■'^f^ARY.ux, ^mBLEY