BANCROFT LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA N "NT s* > > c- ^» 2 2 H "^ o >* K C H w w 2 o<* ^ o > > rt ►fl r M £ o 5 > O H r/) pi s* - H O O Sec 2! r °2 ^ o 9 y: 8 APPLIANCES. DOUBLE POLE SWITCHES. U. S. LETTKUS PATENT, No. 839,298, April 6th, 1886. The " Double Pole " switch is so arranged as to break both poles of the eireuit at the same time. The importance of this cannot be overestimated, as it is the only method of positively breaking the circuit. If only one pole is broken, crosses or leaks are apt to exist, and there is no assurance that a fire will not be induced. Safety devices and circuit-controlling devices, which act upon both poles simultaneously, are^bsolutely essential to any system of dis- tribution, and no method can be secure unless so constructed. Switches are made of all sizes, suitable for controlling from one lamp to three hundred lamps. 10 DOUBLE POLE SAFETY DEVICES. U. S. LETTERS PATENT, No. 314,582, March 31st, 1S85. The object of the safely catch is to prevent undue heating of the conductors, which may result from accident or poor contact, and which would in most cases be likely to produce a fire. The double pole cut-out controls this absolutely, and with this device the possibility of fire cannot exist. Small fusible lead wire is interposed in each pole through the medium of a ''plug " containing properly arranged contact points, and when, from any reason, the temperature of the conductors is raised, the small lead wire is harmlessly volatilized, and the current absolutely shut off. 11 FIXTURES. The completeness of our fixture department compares most favorably with the most extensive manufactories of gas fixtures in the country. The construction and design of the fixtures are highly artistic, or plain and substantial, as may be required. The production of fixtures suitable for supporting the Edison lamp, meeting at once the artistic and electrical con- ditions required to bring the system into general use, was one of great intricacy. The combination of gas and electric light fixtures in one structure was found necessary, and the devices invented to meet these demands are numerous and effective. The insertion of an insulating joint, which provides for the flow of gas into the pipes of the fixture, and at the same time electrically insulates the structure from the gas pipes, is an absolute essential to such a combination. Numerous other devices providing for the wiring, suspension, insulation, and arrangement of fixtures, were invented and patented, all contributing to the perfection of the Edison system, to accomplish which required inventions at every step. The unique character of the lamp affords scope for artistic arrangement impossible with any other means of light- ing, so that the fixtures are more varied and beautiful in design than are gas fixtures. The following electric light patents are owned by the Edison Co.: 248.420 Elec. Lamp Fixtures Oct. 18, 248,424 Elec. Lamp Fixtures Oct. 18, 251,553 Elec. Lamp Fixtures Dec. 27, 251,559 Extension Fixture Dec. 27, 266,701 Combination Fixture April 18, 259,235 Electrical Fixture June 6, 262,272 Extension Chandelier Aug. 8, 263,103 Electrical Chandelier Aug. 22, 263,137 Electrical Chandelier Aug. 22, 266.549 Electric Fixture Oct. 24, 266.550 Elec. Light Chandelier Oct. 24, 1881 275,749 1881 286,350 1881 293,553 1881 294,697 1882 297,269 1882 305,200 1882 307,879 1882 311,131 1882 337,199 1882 337,296 1882 337,336 Connecting Plug April 10. 1883 Stand Lamp Oct. 9, 1883 Combination Fixture Feb. 12, 1884 Combination Fixture Mch. 4, 1884 Elec. Light Fixture April 22, 1884 Reflector Sept 16. 1884 Combination Fixture Nov. 11, 1884 Combination Fixture Jan. 20, 1885 Extension Chandelier March 2, 1886 Elec. Light Fixture March 2, 1886 Shade March 2. 1886 12 ECONOMY. The economy of the Edison system depends so much upon the conditions under which it is operated that no definite standard figures as to cost can be given. We have testimonials showing that the cost in some places is less than an equiv- alent of ten cents per thousand feet for gas, and in some cases it is as high as three dollars per thousand. The items of cost in running a plant are, first, attendance; second, power, oil and waste; third, renewal lamps. In manufacturing places, and where engineers are employed, the cost of attendance can be left out entirely, as the work of caring for a plant is trivial, and any engineer can run it. The cost of power varies according to conditions under which it is produced. The cost of lamps is eighty-five cents each, and as they are guaranteed 600 hours, the cost is y 8 5 s 5 of one cent per hour per lamp. The expense then of operating an Edison plant depends entirely upon the facilities already existing, and the amount of illumination required. It is a safe assumption that it will pay to put in the Edison light wherever the cost of present arti- ficial lighting is, say, three hundred dollars per annum and over. In manufacturing establishments and places where steam is employed particularly is this so, though where an investment in boiler andeugine and the employment of special engineer is necessary, the lighting requirements should be greater, in order to economically use the Edison system. TESTIMONIALS. The unqualified praise bestowed by the users of the Edison light, and its wide adoption for all classes of lighting, is strong evidence in support of all claims made for it. We append a few of the very many testimonials which have come to us unsolicited. ERBEN, SEARCH & CO., WORSTED MILLS, PHILA- DELPHIA, PA. " It works to our satisfaction, and Is more economical than gas under any aspect that it can be viewed, while for all-night work the saving is a small profit in our manufacturing business. " We could not afford to be without it." PARKMOUNT COTTON AND WOOLEN MILL, PHILA- DELPHIA, PA. " The guarantee you made as to power Is more than borne out in practice." OKANGE COUNTY WOOLEN MILLS, NEWBURGH, N. Y. Mr. James Harrison writes : "The light Is better and cheaper than gas, and absolutely safe as to fire. I expect the difference in insurance rates will pay the whole expense inside of two years." CLARK & KEEN, WORSTEDS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. " Our saving from use of electricity on the Edison system, over our gas bills, will in the first year repay the cost of your whole plant." "This shows an average life of our lamps at this estab* lishment of 3,886. hours, being 3,886 hours In excess of our guarantee." DA VOL COTTON MILLS, FALL RIVER, MASS. "A careful test by indicator, made September 6th, with 818 lamps running fully up to candle power of the lamps (16 C. P.), gave us an amount of power used. 84.9 horse-power, an average of 9.12 lamps per horse-power." " WC are fully satisfied as to cost, quality and quantity of light." 14 WAMSUTTA COTTON MILLS, NEW BEDFORD, MASS. Edward K 11 burn, Agent, writes: " Charging everything to this light that I can charge, I believe It to be more economical Mian gas at one dollar per thou- sand feet, and a very much better light." JOHN B. STETSON & CO., HAT MANUFACTURERS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. " From our late testa we find It to cost us, as near as we can Calculate! 38 per cent, of what gas would cost us at 81.90 per 1,000 feet." AVERY'S AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT MANUFAC- TORY', PEORIA, ILLS. " We know Of no artificial light we would exchange it for." THE UNITED STATES ROLLING STOCK CO., CHICAGO, ILL., MACHINE SHOPS. General Master Mechanic writes: " I would most gladly recommend the Edison Electric Light for any and every body's use." CONGLOMERATE MINING CO.'S MINE, LAC LA BELLE, MICH. "The Edison Electric Light has been very satisfactory and economical. The cost of lighting the Mill from November, 1883, to November, 1884, was £4,120.00 or about one-half the cost of lighting with kerosene." MERRICK THREAD WORKS, HOLYOKE, MASS. " We put the system in our smallest mill (4,000 spindles) on trial, and after six months we estimate that in one year the sav- ing, as compared with cost of illumination by gas, would be suffi- cient to pay for the original cost of plant and installment, and leave a respect able margin besides." Baaaoh Ubnu FULTON IRON AND ENGINE WORKS, DETROIT, MICH. •' We run our engine to drive the light from the same boiler that is used to furnish steam for a larger foundry engine and for heating, and we do not notice any difference in the fuel used." 15 WINONA FLOUR MILLS, WINONA, MINN. " We regard it as perfectly safe, much more so than gas or (dosed lanterns, for It is simply imposaltale to fire a building, or cause one of the (much to be dreaded) explosions that flouring mills are liable to when lights are carelessly used." ANCHOR MILLING CO.'S FLOUR MILLS, ST. LOUIS, MO. " It is reliable, cheap and safe, and we would not go back to gas light for any consideration." BAY STATE SUGAR KEFINERY, BOSTON, MASS. "We take pleasure in Btatlng that as we use it, it is not only much more economical, but much more satisfactory than gas." HARRISON, HAVEMEYER & CO., SUGAR REFINERY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. " We find an economy in your system of lighting, compared with the use of gas as supplied by the City of Philadelphia, amounting to about 33%, 1. e., we have a better lighted house than when using gas, at hut two-thirds of the expense." "We find our average lamp life to be 1,396 hours." BALTIMORE TWINE AND NET COMPANY, BALTI- MORE, MD. t " We do not hesitate to say that it costs about the saun- as though gas were furnished at 60 cents per thousand." STEA1SNS MFG. CO. MACHINE SHOPS, ERIE, PA. " We have saved at least $100 per month during the winter season by its 086, and when running all night in good times the saving is greater." THE NATIONAL MFG. CO., THREAD MILLS, NASH- YILLE, TENX. "1 believe It to be the cheapest light for practical use known; to say nothing Of its superiority as an illuminator, its lack of heat and entire safety as to Are." " Your plant replaced the Brush Arc system with US." CRACKER BAKERY, E. .J. LARRABEE & CO. N. Y. ALBANY, "We like the light very much, and it Is much more econom- ical than gag; it burns very steadily, no dickering ; i.-> decidedly more convenient and much safer than gas." 16 ARKANSAAV OIL CO., TKXAISK AN A, KAS. "It more tlian repays its cost from the security it afTdnis against Che danger of Are." M We take pleasure In contributing our testimonial and recom- mendation of the Edison Incandescent light as being, in oar esti- mation, perfection for the uses and purposes Intended.'" INSTITUTION FOB THK EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, JACKSONVILLE, ILL. "Our electric light is giving us as Dearly ported satisfaction as any human device can." UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI, COLUM- BIA, MO. " So well pleased are we that we mean to extend ybur system of lighting still further, to the weii nigh complete exclusion of all other modes of illumination from the buildings." COLUMBIA COLLEGE LIBRARY, NEW YORK CITY. M We always recommended the Edison light very Btrongly to other libraries who make inquiries as to the best system to adopt. " MISSOURI INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, FULTON, MO. "We find it Far superior togas, and would not willingly return to our old system of lighting." MILLER SCHOOL, CROZET, V \. "It costs us less than four-tenths of a cent for one slxteen- eandle power light for one hour.' MILWAUKEE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, WANWA- TOSA, AVIS. "It has given gOOd satisfaction all the time and we cannot speak too highly of it." CENTRAL STATION PLANTS. The problem of furnishing electric light to small consumers by distributing from a central source of supply was, at the time Mr. Edison asserted he could accomplish it, looked upon as a chimerical dream. The most positive and em- phatic refutation of Mr. Edison's assertions were made by scientists, and even after the first lighting district in New York City was started and in operation, public assertions were made through the press that the whole scheme was a failure: that half the current generated was lost by leakage; that the effect to carry the current underground was utterly imprac- ticable, &c, &C., all of which proved that the critics knew absolutely nothing of the subject. The Edison Co. now have stations in the following cities and towns, and are supplying electric light in private residences, stores, theatres, hotels, streets, and to all who want it, at prices much lower than gas was furnished prior to starting the Edison stations. 11) EDISON CENTRAL STATION ILLUMINATING COMPANIES IN THE UNITED STATES. Name of City or Town. New York Lawrence Brockton Sliamokin Sunbury Fall River New burgh Tiffin..... Hazleton Williamsport... Mount Carmel. Middletown .... Piqua Bellefonte Circleville Appleton Cumberland .... Ashland Des Moines Harrisburg Lockport York State. New York Massachussetts. a Pennsylvania.... Massachusetts. New York Ohio Pennsylvania.... Ohio. Carried forward. Pennsylvania , Ohio.." Wisconsin Maryland Pennsylvania. Iowa Pennsylvania. New York. ... Pennsylvania. No. of Lamps. 13,000 4,000 3,200 4,000 3,500 4,000 4,000 •2,000 3.075 5.000 800 1,750 1,800 1,600 2,700 1,000 2,200 3,200 3.200 6,300 700 1,600 7:!. (125 Name of City or Town. Brought forward. West Chester Tamaqua McKeesport New Brunswick New Bedford Johnstown Wilmington Reading Chester Lebanon Jackson Erie Boston Detroit Atlantic City Topeka Amsterdam Wayne Laramie City Rochester Lancaster Little Falls State. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. ... Massachusetts. Pennsylvania.. Delaware Pennsylvania.. Total Lamps. Michigan Pennsylvania. . Massachusetts. Michigan New Jersey. ... Kansas New York. . .. Pennsylvania.. Wyoming New York Pennsylvania.. New York No. of Lamps. 73,635 1.900 1,700 1,900 1,600 1.600 1,200 1.200 1,600 1,000 1,400 1,600 1,000 2,: '.00 10,000 1,800 4,800 1,600 BOO 3,200 6.000 6.000 1.200 130,225 20 EDISON MUNICIPAL, SYSTEM. The Edison municipal system is intended strictly for street lighting. Dynamos of two sizes only are now made. namely, for 160 lamps of Hi-candle power, and for 40 lamps of 10-candle power. Municipal lamps of 24, 32 and 50-candIe power are made and can lie used on the same circuit. For general city lighting, this system is by far the best and most economical method, and wherever it is in use the most satisfactory results arc obtained. The cost of wire in this system is inconsiderable, and a plant of 1G0 16-candle power lamps, sufficient to light an ordinary town, can be equipped without power with but a small investment of capital. Smaller machines will be shortly manufactured, so that public lighting on the smallest scale will lie practicable and profitable. ESTIMATES OF COST. In sending for estimates, please furnish the following information: How much boiler power, if any. is available to run dynamo? How much power in engine, if any. is available to run dynamo? How many buildings are required to be lighted, how many lamps in each building, and what are the relative posi- tions of buildings with respeel to intended location of dynamo? Are any special fixtures required other than plain pendants? 21 - .• _•" rt o o #%%«■%&%'£ 2 SAP •« Sw^-ela "w _^*-> £ rt sS § =•=£ s « i 8» 'v ? — « — x S * "-5 _ . "sgSlgXjs-rsg.,,* -a a P. sJ « b^-2 cJ= o u - » K«-r a-S 5 39™ a-2-a .-•J* rt 2 rt.bp « jj " «12 ° be" * ~ ^ .. ^ !n ^>.S2 73 M -S-3o!! S § «!£. «-- - "R a >,u.e-5.2 -^O-S ° 2 S'DJo E a Ss^.E^ " a " &— iiir,M»- r aobi) 00 5 _- r^„c e r7Z cj « c j^ c.is ^ ^ 4) O J* rt ^ |g "0 2tf la |vS eo.c- — .tixs • •Si} Ox « . g.gSJ w 1 .8 "3 '"I H cWJi O M 'fl ■_" c^< o S-o a a a u ; "m >> |^«! *-< § p* "?"o S a o o u kJ rt o i) S Ji ** " 9 .'> S S « s r P2fl5| o a »*»c a|g, < ►'£ s^ ... l< X _, o u •5 oS 3 ti^ b*js 0"a "J^ -I « " z SaJ ■£ z 5 z o N-3 t! ■a a ■» a ~ a i-i a ■ S"SSi •g « a •r MENLO PARK"— THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE INCANDESCENT LIGHT.