UC-NRLF $B Efifi fin (Sift of iSuhnman (tlub / THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, IBERIANS, ETC. By HYDE CLARKE, Fellom Royal Historical Society. THE EARLY HISTORY J iqA ,T?iB, ; MEDITERRANESfPOPUiATIONS, fe, IN THEIR MIGRATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. BY HYDE CLARKE, LONDON: TRUBNER & CO. 1882. M^MJ^ ^^^T^A^t-t^tw (^i<^ PREFACE. '^ I ^HIS Paper was read before the Royal Historical Society, in the Session of 1881 ; but, as stated in the commencement, has been more than once written, and contains many later observations. It is here given in a separate form for distribution among scholars interested in the subject. HYDE CLARKE. 32, St. George's Square, S.W. London. ^th April, 1882. P.S. — The only explanation I can suggest for the settle- ment of each city, however small, being made by separate tribes, is to refer it to the institution of exogamy. 697657 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofmeOOclarrich CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction — Autonomous Coins . . . ii Symbols — Emblems. Horse, Bull, Lion . . .12 Double Emblems. Horse and Bull . . . 13 Confederacy of Tribes — of Cities — Emblems. Ephesus, Rome 13 Uniformity of Town names throughout the World corresponding to those on Coins . . . . . .14 Iberians — Basques — Invasions of Semites and Aryans . 14 Historical Influence of, in Mixed Tribes . . "14 Differences of Iberian — Barbarous Languages — Macedonians — Names of Kings . . . . . 15 Canaan, Phoenicians, Hellenes . . . . .16 Italy, Spain, Belgi, Iberians. . . . . 18 Britannia — Iberians in — Coins of Verulamium, &c. Town Names ....... Dumnonium, Cantium , . . . . 18 Emblems. India, America, Atlantis — classification of — Horse, &c. . . . . . .20 Vase-Gems inscribed and uninscribed . . . 21 Plural Emblems — Cypriote, Menidi, Tarkondemos, Khita Bilinguals . . . . . . .22 Distribution of Emblems — Baelo, Pylos, Ispalis, &c. . 23 Characters — Khita, Hebrew . . . -23 viii CONTENTS. PAGE Town Names, comparative Plulology — Meaning of— Cissa, Chios, &c. ...... 25 Comparison of Old Tables with Coins — Indian Names — America, Britannia . . . . .26 Table of Cities, showing Common Names and Coins . 27 Table of Cities, with their Coins and Emblems . . 28 Syria, Damascus, &c. . . . . . 28 Phoenicia — Sidon, Tyre, Sarala), Sagida (Segesta, Saguntum, Sacora), Sibi (Sibaria, Sabora), Ozone (^zani). HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 27 The cases of original compound words do not appear to be many, the compounds chiefly depending on foreign appen- dages. There can be no doubt that Syracusa and Cossoura, Sicilia and Sardinia, are made to represent compounds with the numeral 3. This leaves obscure the relation of Sardinia, which has a great resemblance to Britannia, and the river names in R D N.* Nia, there can be small doubt, is country,, land, and is an appendage. The word may be Sardin, and the S is a prefix to R D N. It was phonetically represented by three ears, or blades of corn, Sara-din or Sar-din, as Syracusa, &c., by three legs. It will be noticed that the digamma comes out in some of the words. One cause of variation in transliteration is that the Greek and Latin could not represent the sh and ch sounds preserved in other transliterations. Table of Cities, of Common Names, and CoiNs.t Tarentum Tauromenium Tanagra Tencdos. Turones Thyrrium Tenos Tanos, Abdera Atarnea Itanus Teanum- Aptera Therse Tyana " Adana Catana. Eretria Andros Tylissus Alyzea. ThaJassa AlcTcsa. Lipara Libera Gelas Oropus Berytus Compulteria Panticapccum Celenderis Corcyra. Phenicapaea Capua Cibyra Cabira Camarina Cyme, Pergamus, Cumcc Luceria Cartago. Apollonia Abella Aballo Pylus Gaulos Egurri. Populonia Pelius Macella Megara. Pella Obulco Megara Magnesia. Munda Motna Samos Same. Samosata Samothrace. * See my Paper on Britannia, read before the Society of Antiquaries, 8 June, 1871. t See Cissa, &c., in the text. 28 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Metapontum Helmantica Salentini Soli-mariaca Sollium Salapia Coena Caunus ^gina Cyon Athenas Cythnus Cydonia Cydna Arsinoe Arsi Olus Ulia Alabanda Corinth Caronium Carystos Croton Crannon Cranium Cragus Acrasus Orra Orippo Cricus Samnites Clazomenae. Chalcis Chalcedon. Calacte Calatia. Colophon. Enna Senones. ^na ^nia. Pheneus CEniane. Melos Malienses. Gades Leukadia. Thospia Thespias. Rhodus Aradus. Phistella Pcestum. Byzantium Phsestus. Picentia Peithesa. Larissa Larinum. Damascus Damastium Beneventum Panormus. TABLE OF CITIES, with their Coins and Emblems. Samosata, Syria. Apollo, Lion. Sun^ Same, Samnites. Lion, Samos, Smyrna. Chalcis, Syria. Diana, Bow, Quiver. Moon, Phygela. Bow, Callatia. Quiver, „ Gabala, Syria. Crab, Crescent, Star. Moon, Capua. Larissa, Syria. Horse. Horse, Larissa. Rhosus, Syria. Harpa. Harpa, Larissa. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 29 Damascus, Syria. Sun, Moon, Bacchus. Sun, Damastium, Medama, Tomarena. Moon, Amestratus. Grapes, Tomi. Leucas, Syria. Bee. Banias, Syria, Ituraea. Apollo, Dima, Dove. Sun, Panormus, Beneventum. Moon, Pheneus, Avenio. Berytus, Phoenicia.* Ship, Club, Star. Ship, Libora, Barium. Club, Berytis. Star, Paros. Marathus, Phoenicia. Apollo, Palm. Sun, Rhodus. Pahn, „ SiDON, Phoenicia. Bull, Eagle, Bacchus, Vase. Bull, Tyana. Eagle, Tanos. Grapes, Tenedos. Vase, Etenna. Tyrus, Phoenicia. Ship, Owl, Fish, Eagle. Ship, Thera. Fish, „ Eagle, Tarsus. Oivl, Thyrrium. Aradus, Island, Phoenicia. Ship, Palm. Ship, Rhodus. Pahn, „ Ace (Ptolemais), Palestine. Apollo. Sun, ^gae. Anthedon, Palestine. Ship. Ship, Athens. AsKALON, Palestine. Palm, Ship, Eagle. Ship, Calymna, Chalcis. Sechem (Neapolis), Palestine, Palm. Pahn, Segobriga. * The history of the colonization of the Syrian and Phoenician regions will be found to come out clearly. 30 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Carrhx, Mesopotamia. Sun, Moon, Star. Su?i, Charissa, Coresia. MooHy Caura. Star, Coresia. Cyrene, Africa. Horse, Stag, Diana, Star, Bacchus, Sun.* Horsey Corone, Corinth. Stagy Caulonia. MooHy Caura, Carrhx. Slary Coresia. GrapeSy Corcyra. SUfly „ Carthage, Africa. Horse, Palm, Lion, Goat. Horse (as for Cyrene). Palmy Carystos. Liofiy Cardia. Goaty Agyrium. Phanagoria, Bosphorus Cimmerius. Bow and Arrow. Amasia, Pontus. Quiver, Helmet. Amisus, Pontus. Quiver, Bow, Helmet. Quivery Amastris. Heltnety Tomesa, Mesembria. PiMOLiSA, Pontus. Quiver. Leuke, King of Pontus. Bow, Club. Boufy Luceria. Cluby Laced^mon. Chabacta, Pontus. Apollo, Horse. Sun, Phocis. Horsey „ Cazioura, Pontus. Helmet. Helmety Cossura. Amastris, Paphlagonia. Quiver, Helmet. Quivery Amasia, Amisus. Helmet y ,, „ Mastia, Paphlagonia. Quiver, Helmet. Qiiivery Amasia, Amisus. Helmety „ „ * Although an attempt is made here at a geographical arrangement, such is not wholly practicable. • By accident Mesopotamia and Africa are brought together. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 31 SiNOPE, Paphlagonia. Wheel, Eagle, Lyre, Bull, Fish, Bow. JV/ieel, Synnada. Eagle, „ Bull, Senones, Libisona, Byzantium. Fishy Libisona, Byzantium. Bow, Asine. Pyl/EMENES, King of Pontus. Bull. Bull, Pylus, Pelius, &c. Alyatta, Bithynia. Helmet, Lyre, , Helmet, Lete. Lyre, Melita. BiTHYNiUM, Bithynia. Bacchus. Grapes, Bisanthe. Chalcedon, Bithynia. Bull, Corn, Wheel, Apollo. Bull, Cales, Macella. Corn, Callatia, Callet. Wheel, Chalcis. Sun, „ Cius, Bithynia. Apollo, Ship, Bow, Club.* Sun, Axus, Ucetia, Phocis. Ship, Cissa. Bow, „ Club^ Cos. Cratia, Bithynia. Apollo. Sun, Cardia. DiA, Bithynia. Grapes. Grapes,^ Tecs. NiC/EA, Bithynia. Vase, Grapes, Caduceus. Vase, Naxos. Grapes, „ Caduceus, Nysa. TiUM, Bithynia. Spear. Spear, ^taei. * In this as in other cases the number of examples is limited in order to save space in printing. Therefore the connection of a group is never fully illustrated, nor its distribution. t The philological parallel to Grape is Bean, and they are mythologi- cally connected. 32 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Antandrus, Mysia. Palm, Owl, Vase. Owl^ Catana, Athens. Vase^ Athens, Anthedon, Andros. Assus, Mysia. Bull, Vase, Grapes. Bull^ A si do. Vase^ Ausa. Grapes, Issa. Atarnea, Mysia. Apollo, Horse. Sun, Teronium, Aptera, Tauromenium, Turones. Horse, Tauromenium, Turones. CiSTHENA, Mysia. Ceres, Horse. Corn, Cyzicus. Horse, Cissa, &c. Cyzicus, Mysia. Lion, Fish, Calf, Corn, Bacchus, Torch. Lion, Cissa. Fish, „ Ox, Cassope. Corn, Cisthena. Grapes, Cassope. Torch, Chios. Gergithus, Mysia. Apollo. Sun, Corcyra, Coresia. Lampsacus, Mysia. Horse, Apollo, Bacchus, Vase. Horse, Salapia. Sun, ,, Grapes, Lamia. Fase, „ Parium, Mysia. Bull, Goat, Vase, Grapes, Corn. Bull, Epirus, Barea, Pherse, Perinthus. Goaf, Parus, Pharus. Vase, „ „ Grapes, Perinthus. Corn, „ Pergamus, Mysia. Bull, Cista, Vase, Bowcase. Bu/i, Cumae. Bow, „ Fase, Cyme. Perperene, Mysia. Grapes. Grapes, Parium. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 33 PiONiA, Mysia. Horse. Horse ^ Panormus. PiEMANENi, Mysia. Thunderbolt. Priapus, Mysia. Apollo, Bull, Corn. Sun^ Peparethus. Bull^ Perinthus. Corfi, Abydus, Troad. Apollo, Anchor. Surly Bottioea. Anchor^ Vetulonia. Amaxitus, Troad. Lyre, Apollo. Lyre^ Amastris. Sun^ Macella. Arisba, Troad. Corn. Cortiy Rubastini. Berytis, Troad. Crescent, Club. Moon^ Sybaris. Cluby Berytus. Dardanus, Troad. Cock, Horse, Snake. Cocky Terina. Horse^ Tyndaris. Snake, Epidaurus. Centinus, Troad. Bee. Bee, Cythnus. Neandria, Troad. Grapes, Corn.* Grapes, Andros. Corn, Athens. Ophrynium, Troad. Grapes. Grapes, Perperena, Proni. Scepsis, Troad. Horse. Horse, Ipsus. Sigteum, Troad. Crescent. Moon, Segovia. Teria, Troad. Apollo. Sun, Teronium, Thyrrca. * The first syllable here may be Neos, Nea, but the Andria is illus- trated by the symbols. 34 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN TOPULATIONS, ETC. Thebe, Troad. Horse, Ceres. Horse^ Ubii. Corii^ Ssetabis. Z^LEiA, Troad. Corn.* Corn^ Eleusis. Tenedos, Island, Troad. Axe, Lyre, Owl, Grapes. Spear ^ Tenos. Lyre^ Tanagra. Owl, Athens, Atinum. Grapes, Tanagra. vEOiE, yEolis.f Apollo. Sun, Axus. Goat, ^gae. Cyme, yEol's. Horse, Vase (Cista). Horse, Camerina. Vase, Pergamus. ELiEA, ^olis. Ceres. Cor7i, Hyla, Laelia. Larissa, ^olis. Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Issa. Vase, ,, Myrhina, ^olis. Apollo. Sun^ Amorgos. Eresus, Lesbos. Ceres. Corn, Syros. Methymna, Lesbos. Boar, Lyre, Apollo, Fish, Bacchus. Hog, Mantinea. Lyre, Mitylene. Sun, ,, Fish, Munda. Grapes, Mitylene. * It will be noticed how rich the Troad is in these coins and forms. It was the Troad first taught me that its first inhabitants were non-Hel- lenic. It is in this fact, which preceded Schliemann's excavations, that the real relevance of his discoveries is to be found. They are practically non-Homeric, and the Iliad does not illustrate them. Pergamus is a name to be included here. t yEolis in this case does not represent a true ethnological or geo- graphical territory. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 35 MiTYLENE, Lesbos. Sun, Grapes, Lyre. SuHy See above. Grapes J „ ,, Napi, Nasi, Lesbos. Bull, Leopard, Apollo.* Btill, Sinope. , . Leopard, Nesus. Sun, Anaphe. CLAZOMENiE, lonia. Lion, Ram, Apollo. Lto?i^ Samos, Samosata. Su?if Same, Samosata. J^a7ny Same, Samothrace. Colophon, Ionia. Lyre, Apollo. Lyre, Chalcis, Chalcedon. Sim, Chalcis. Ephesus, Ionia. Diana, Bee, Stag, Torch, Palm. Moon, Phaestrus, Poestum, Vestini. Bee, Anaphe. Torch, Caphya. Stag (see the account of the Yapho gem). ErythrvE, Ionia. Owl, Bee, Bow, Quiver, Corn. Owl, Thyrea. Bee, Aptera. Bow, Abdera, Eretria. Quiver, „ „ Corn, Eretria. Gambrium, Ionia. Bull, Apollo. Bull, Cuma, Compulteria, Ambracia. Stm, Compulteria, Ambracia. Lebedus, Ionia. Owl. Owl, Pydna. Magnesia, Ionia. Bull, Sun. Bull, Megara. Sim, „ Miletus, Ionia. Apollo, Lion, Ship. Sun, Mytilena. Lion, Milyas. Ship, Lyttus. * This name has two philological forms, and both are illustrated. 36 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Phocea, Ionia. Dog, Fish, Lion. Phygela, Ionia. Bull, Diana. Bull, Macella. Moon^ Gaulos, Chalcis. Priene, Ionia. Bull. Bidl^ Perinthus. Smyrna (=Samorna), Ionia. Lion.* Lion^ Samos, Samosata, Clazomenai. Teos, Ionia. Grapes. Grapes^ Dia. Chios, Island, Ionia. Lion, Vase, Ship, Bacchus, Apollo. Lio7t, Cissa. Vase, , , Ship, Grapes, Cassope. Sun^ Cius. Ikaria, Island, Ionia, Spear. Spear, Caronium, Corinth. Patmos, Island, Ionia. Vase. Samos, Island, Ionia. Lion, Bull. Lion, Samosata, Clazomenge, Smyrna. Bull, Samnites, Samnogenses. Aba, Caria. Thunderbolt. Thunderbolt, Abacaenum. Alabanda, Caria. Horse, Apollo. Horse, Alba, ^lis. Sun, Alaesa. Eagle, „ Alinda, Caria. Club. Chib, Lyttus. Bargasa, Caria. Bacchus. Grapes, Cassope, Assos. Bargylia, Caria. Horse. Horse, Agyrium. Calynda, Caria. Eagle. Eagle, Ascalon. * This form of name is most likely connected with Sumir, Sumerian. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 37 Caunus, Caria. Bull. Bull^ Abac^enum, ^na. Ceramus, Caria. Eagle. Eagle J Euromus. Cnidus, Caria. Lion. Lio7i^ Acanthus. Cyon, Caria. Horse. Horse^ Vocontii, ^na. Euromus, Caria. Eagle. Eagle, Ceramus. Halicarnassus, Caria. Trident. T?'ide7if^ Cnossus. Phanes,* Halicarnassus. Stag, Enna (Goat). Panormus (Sheep). L\sus, Caria. Apollo, Fish. Sun, Axius, .Chios. Eish, Ossanoba, Cissa. Mylasa, Caria. Horse, Partisan, Eagle. Horse, Miletus. Spear, Alyzea, Thalassa. Eagle, Alaesa. Nysa, Caria. Bacchus, Caduceus. Grapes, Nicaea. Caduceus, „ Orthosia, Caria. Bacchus. Grapes, Thasus. Taba, Caria, Vase. Vase, Thebes. Telemissus, Caria. Sun. Sun, Delos, Thelpusa, Atella, Eutella, &c. Cos, Island, Caria. Crab, Snake, Wand, Apollo. Snake, Cassope. Wand, Cius. Sun, „ * It bears the inscription, " I am the sign of Phanes." 38 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Rhodus, Island, Caria. Sun, Bacchus, Ship, Palm. Sun^ Teronium (D.R.). Grapes^ Terone. Ship^ Aradus. Palm, „ AsTYRA, Rhodes. Sun, Vase. Sun, Asta, Assorus. Vase, Assus. Ialysus, Rhodes. Boar. Hog, Eleusis, Lytta. Megiste, Rhodes. Sun.* Sun, Magnesia, Megara (2), Macella. Telos, Island, Caria. Crab. Crab, Terina. Aperl a," Lycia. Three legs. Triangle, Berytus. Apollonia, Lycia. Diana, Stag.f Moon, Apollonia. Stag, Peltae (Phalanna, Goat). Balbura, Lycia. Apollo, Corn. Sun, Aballo. Corn, Baelo. Cragus, Lycia. Rose. Rose, Rhodus. Cydna, Lycia. Apollo, Lyre. Sun, Xanthus. Lyre, „ Cyanea, Lycia. Sun, Lyre. Sun, Cydna. Lyre, „ LiMYRA, Lycia. Apollo, Lyre. Sun, Miletus. Lyre, Myrhina, Melita, Olympus. Massicytes, Lycia. Sun, Lyre. Lyre, Amaxitus. * Although this word has a Greek form, the symbol decides its relation, t Apollonia here appears to have nothing to do with Apollo. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 39 Olympus, Lycia. Apollo, Lyre, Thunder. Sun^ Lampsacus. Lyre^ Lapithae. Thunder, Limyra. Patara, Lycia. Sun, Lyre. Sim, Pautalia, Podalia, Petelia. PoDALiA, Lycia. Sun, Bow, Quiver. Sun, Pautalia, Petelia. Bow, Tlos. Quiver, „ Phaselis, Lycia. Boar, Apollo. Boar, Amphissa, Vascones. Rhodia, Lycia. Apollo, Lyre. Sun, Rhodus. Tlos, Lycia. Apollo, Lyre, Bow. Sun, Delos. Bow, Podalia. Quiver, „ Trabala, Lycia. Apollo, Bow, Quiver. Sun, Aballo. Xanthus, Lycia.* Apollo, Lyre, Bow. Sun, Cydna. Lyre, Acanthus, Cythnus, Cydna. Bow, Lacanatis. AsPENDUs, Pamphylia. Bull, Lion, Triskele, Shield. Bull, Pheneus. Shield, Opuntii. Etenna, Pamphylia. Knife, Vase, Snake. Knife, Tenedos (Hatchet). Vase, Athens. Snake, „ IsiNDUS, Pamphylia. Diana, Coin, Quiver. Moon, Sandalium, Byzantium. Corn, Messana, Byzantium. Quiver, Byzantium. * As there have been many discussions about the Lycian language, it is interesting to see that Lycia was colonized by the same populations as the other regions. 40 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Magydus, Pamphylia. Apollo. Sun^ Megista, Amaxitus. Perga, Pamphylia. Bacchus, Diana. Grapes, Parium. Moon, Bargasa. Side, Pamphylia. Fish, Owl. Fish, Asido. Owl, Synnada. Sandalium, Pamphylia. Crescent. Moon, Isindus, Byzantium. Termessus, Pamphylia. Horse. Hoi'se, Amestratus, Mostene. CoNANE, Pisidia. Grapes, Apollo. Grapes, Myconos. MiLYAS, Pisidia. Lion. Lion, Miletus. Saga-lassus, Pisidia. Grapes, Corn, Goat. Corn, Lalassis. Goat, Selge (Stag). Selge, Pisidia. Thunderbolt, Stag, Lance, Bow. Stag, Saga-lassus (Goat). Lance, Segovia. Bo7v, Segeste. Tityassus, Pityassus, Pisidia. Boar. Lalassis, Isauria. Corn. Corn, Eieusis, Saga-lassus. Adana, Cilicia. Horse. LLorse, ^tnaei, Catana. JEgm, Cilicia. Horse, Goat. Llorse, Cissa, Ceos, Agyrium. Goat, ^gae. Celenderis, Cilicia. Apollo, Lyre, Goat, Horse, Apollo. Sun, Chalcis. Lyre, „ Sun, Celenderis. Issus (Alexandria ad Issum), Cilicia. Bacchus. Grapes, Issa. Lacanatis, Cilicia. Lyre, Corn. Lyre^ Acanthus, Cythnus. Corn, Myconos. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 41 Mallus, Cilicia. Lion, Bull, Helmet. Lion^ Miletus, Milyas. Helmet^ Pimolisa. MoPSUESTiA, Cilicia. Sun. Sun^ Sestus. Nagidus, Cilicia. Bacchus. Grapes^ Naxos, Nicsea. Calycadnus (Seleucia ad Calycadnum), Cilicia. Apollo, Horse. Sun^ Celenderis. Horse ^ „ Selinus, Cilicia. Diana. Moon, Soli. Soli, Cilicia. Diana. Moon, Solinus. Tarsus, Cilicia.* Apollo, Eagle, Lion, Bull, Grapes. Sun, Patara. Eagle, Tyrus. Lion, Abdera. Bull, „ Grapes, „ El^egusa, Island, Cilicia. Bee. Bee, lalysus. Paphgs, Cyprus. Apollo. Sun, Eubaea. Salamis, Cyprus. Bull, Ram, Ship. Bull, Salamis. CiTiUM, Cyprus. Lion, Stag, Ram. Lion, GEtaei. Cleis, Island, Cyprus. Eagle, t Eagle, Chalcis, Calynda. Aninesium, Lydia. Horse. Horse, ^nae. Briula, Lydia. Apollo, Lion. * As Cilicia is supposed by some to have been first peopled by Semites, it is of interest to find that this was not so. t Here is another example of a Greek form for an Iberian word. Eagle was not appropriated to Cleis by Greeks. D 42 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Caystriani, Lydia. Lion, Club. Lion^ Cissa. Club^ Cos. Nic^A (Cilbii), Lydia. Leopard, Bacchus. Leopard, Nisus. Grapes, Nysa. CEiETi (Cilbii), Lydia. Sun. Sun, Cotiaeum. Magnesia ad Sipylum, Lydia. Bull. Bull, Macedonia. Mastaura, Lydia. Sun. Sun, Astyra. MossiNA, Lydia. Sun, Corn. Sun, Amestratus. Corn, Messana. MosTENE, Lydia. Corn, Horse. Corn, Messana. Horse, Termessus, Amestratus. Nacrasa, Lydia. Snake. Snake, Agrigontum. Pactolei, Lydia. Apollo. Sun, Pautalia, Pedalia, Petelia. SiETTENi, Lydia. Bacchus. Grapes, Cisthene. Sard IS, Lydia. Com. Corn, Sardinia. SiLANDUS, Lydia. Lion. Lion, Alinda. Temene, Thyrae, Lydia. Lion. Lion, Abdera. Thyatira, Lydia. Bull, Diana. Bull, Eretria. Moon, ,, Thyassus, Lydia. Lance. Lance, Thalassa. Tomarena, Lydia. Lion. Lion, Himera. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 43 Tralles, Lydia.* Grapes. Grapes^ Traelium. AcMONiA, Phrygia. Thunder. Thunder, Pcemaneni. ^ZANis, Phrygia. Sun. Sun^ Bisanthe. Alia, Phrygia. Corn, Spear. Corn^ Elaea, Hyla. Amorum, Phrygia. Globe. Globe^ Amorgos. Ancyra, Phrygia. Bacchus. Grapes^ Tanagra. Attuda, Phrygia. Vase. Vase, Anthedo. CiBYRA, Phrygia. Horse, Bull, Lion, Helmet. Horse^ Libora. Bull^ Barea, Sybaris, Cephallsedium. Lion^ Cabellio. Hehtiet^ Cabira. Clanudda, Phrygia. Apollo. Sun^ Cleone. CoLOSSiE, Phrygia. Sun, Spear. SuHy Chalcis. Spear, „ CoTiiEUM, Phrygia. Sun. Sun, CEtsei. Epictetus, Phrygia. Apollo, Horse. Sun, Chabacta. Horse, „ EucARPiA, Phrygia. Moon, Bull. Moon, Caura. Bull, Acarnania. Ipsus, Phrygia. Horse. Horse, Scepsis. Nacolea, Phrygia. Apollo. Sun, Colossae. * It is in Lydia we find Khita inscriptions and forms of dress resem- bling the Etruscan, according to the ancient tradition of common origin The coins confirm this philologically and historically. 44 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Pelt^, Phrygia. Lion, Stag, Bacchus. Stagy Apollonia, Populonia. Grapes^ Pelius, Populonia. Philomelium, Phrygia. Sun; Moon. Sun, Pelius. Moon^ Populonia. Sala, Phrygia. Helmet. Helmet, Saricha. Synnada, Phrygia. Vase. Vase, Canusium. Saricha, Cappadocia. Helmet, Sala. Tyana, Cappadocia. Bull, Horse, Spear. Bull, Catana. Horse, Adana. Spear, Itanus. Panticap^um, Chersonesus.* Lion, Bull, Horse, Apollo. Lio7i, Capua, Cabellio, Cibyra. Bidl, Campania, Compulteria. Horse, Cambolectri. Sun, Compulteria. Callatia, Moesia.t Lion, Bow, Club, Ceres, Fish. Lion, Cselium. Bo2ij, Calymna. Club, Deceleia. Corn, Callet, Chalcedon. Fishy Caura, &c. ToMi, Moesia. Grapes. ' Grapes, Damascus. Abdera, Thrace. Bull, Vase. Bull, Tarraco, Thera, Tauromenium, Dyrrhachium, Thyalira. Vase, Tauromenium, Astyra. ^Nus, Thrace. Goat. Goat, Enna. * The form of this word suggests a Greek origin ; but the root is the latter part, and the symbols are too numerous to leave any doubt. t Like the last example we have here evidence of the wide extension of the Iberian colonies. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 45 BiSANTHE, Thrace. Owl, Apollo, Corn, Bacchus. Owl^ Azetini, «S:c. Corn, „ Sun, ^zani. Grapes, Byzantium. BiZYA, Thrace. Bacchus, Corn. Grapes, Bisanthe. Corn, „ Byzantium, Thrace. Ship, Fish, Trident, Quiver, Bull, Crescent, Grapes, Ceres, Fish, Libisona, Smope. Trident, Troezene. Quiver, Isindus, Bull, Buxentum, Phaestus, Poestum, Libisona, Moon, Sandaliura, Isindus, Poestum. Corn, Bisanthe, Isindus, Messana. Grapes, Bisanthe, Bizya. Cypsela, Thrace. Vase, Corn. Corn, Hispalis. Maronea, Thrace. Grapes, Horse, Ram. Grapes, Merusia. Horse, Melita. Mesembria, Thrace. Helmet, Shield. Helmet, Temesa, Pautolia, Thrace. Bull, Sun. Sun, Atella, Entella, Petelia. Perinthus, Thrace."* Club,*Bull, Club, Libora. Bull, Barea, Sybaris. ^GOS, Thracian Chersonese. Horse. Cardia (Kardia), Thracian Chersonese. Vase, Lion, Corn. Lion, Ossicerda. Corn, Carmo. Sestus, Thracian Chersonese, Sun. Sun, Asta. * Upon Thrace many discussions have taken place. The favoured notion is that the Thracians were Aryans, but this is settled by the plain facts, that they were not. 46 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Samothrace, Island, near Thrace. Ram. Ram^ Same. Thasus, Island, Thrace. Bacchus, Ship, Vase, Club, Bow. Grapes^ Assos, Issa, Naxos (s). Ship^ Cissa. Vase^ Cissa, Issa, Naxos. Club^ Cos. Boiv^ Cissa. Sabias, King of Thrace. Corn. Cavarus, King of Thrace. Corn. Corn^ Capua. Dyrrhachium, Illyria. Cow, Horse. This coin must really be equivalent to those of the Adarkon, or Tarkon, and Tarraco. Horse^ Tauromenium, Tarentum, Turiaso, Turones, &c. Lissos, Illyria.* Goat. Goat^ Issa, Tylissus, Saga-lassus. Issa, Island, Illyria. Vase, Star, Goat. Vase^ Cissa, Ceos, Chios, Naxus, Ausa, Thasus. Star^ Asido. Grape, Assos, Naxos. Goaf, Lissus. Pharus, Island, Illyria. Goat, Vase, Corn. Goat, Pares, Pyranthus. Vase, Paros. CorUf Libora. Macedonia. Horse. Acanthus, Macedonia. Bull, Lion, Lyre. These are the same emblems as on the coins of the Khita Tarkon of Lydia and on those of Sardis. For Bull and Lion, see Tarkon. For Lion, see Caenicenses. Lyre, Xanthus. MmA, Macedonia. Bull, Diana. Bull, ^na, Caunos. On the interesting question of the populations of these regions, we have to conclude that this coast of the Adriatic was also Iberian. \ HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 47 Cassandrea (and Cassander, King), Macedonia. Horse, Palm. Horse^ Cossa, Cissa, Syracusa, &c. Painty Suessa, Ausa. Chalcis, Macedonia. Lyre. Lyre, Chalcedon, Calymnos, Colophon. Edessa, Macedonia. Goat. Goat, Thessalonica.* Mende, Macedonia. Grapes, Dog. Grapes, Methymna. Dog, Motna. Orthagoria, Macedonia. Diana. Moon, Egurri, Caura. OssA, Macedonia. Horse. Horse, Cossa, Equaesia, Cissa, &c. Pella, Macedonia. Sun, Bull, Horse, Lyre. Sun, Pylus, Pelius, Abella, Aballo, &c. Bull, Abella, Aballo, Obulco. Horse, Obulco. Phila, Macedonia. Vase. Pydna, Macedonia. Owl, Diana. Owl, Lebedus. Pythium, Macedonia. Horse. Horse, Pautalia. ScioNE, Macedonia. Pigeon. Pigeon, Sicyon. ScoTTUssA, Macedonia. Grapes, Helmet. Grapes, Osset, Assos. Helmet, Cossura. Terone, Macedonia. Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Orra. Vase, Tauromenium, Abdera. Thessalonica, Macedonia. Horse, Bull, Goat. Horse, Thessali. Goat, Edessa. Tralium, Macedonia. Grapes. Grapes, Tralles. * The name was afterwards changed to the Greek translation of iEgas or iEgae. 48 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Tyrissa, Macedonia.* Apollo. Sun^ Tauromenium, Turones. Thessalia, Horse. Horse^ Thessalonica. ^NiANA, Thessaly. Vase. Vase, Anaphe. Argesa, Thessaly. Fish. Fish, Cissa, Syracusa. Atrax, Thessaly. Bull, Horse. Bull, Dyrrhachium, Tarraco. Horse, „ „ Gyrton, Thessaly. Horse. Horse, Agyrium. Trachin, Thessaly. Horse. Horse, Atrax. Lamia, Thessaly. Vase. Larissa, Thessaly. Horse, Bull, Harpa. Horse, Orisia, Larissa. Harpa, Rhosus. Malienses, Thessaly. Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Melos. Vase, „ Pelinna, Thessaly. Horse, Bull. Horse, Pella, Phalanna. Bull, Pella. Perrh^bia, Thessaly. Horse, Bull. Horse, Pherse, Ephyrae. Bull, Pherae, Perinthus. Phacium, Thessaly. Horse. Phalanna, Thessalo. Horse, Bull, Fish. Horse, Pella, Pelinna. Bull, „ „ Goat, Pharus. I'ish, Pale. Pharsalus, Thessaly. Horse. Horse, Thessaly. * About Macedonia there is as little doubt as about Thessaly. The names of the early kings appear to be Iberian. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 49 PHERiE, Thessaly. Horse. Horse^ Perrhaebia. Bull^ „ Proana, Thessaly. Club. Chib^ Perinthus. Tricca, Thessaly.* Ram, Horse, Bull. Ram^ Samothrace. Horse^ Atrax. Bull, „ Edonei, Bull. Bull, Tyana, Toanum, Sidon. Patraos, King of Edonei. Apollo. Sun, Patara. . Irrh^sia, Island, Thessaly. Diana. Moon, Alaesa. Peparethus, Island, Thessaly. Ram, Apollo, Vase. Ram, Styraphalis. Sun, Cephallonia. Vase, Pharus. Epirus.! Bull. Bull, Barea, Pherse, Perinthus. Ambracia, Epirus. Bull, Sun. Cassope, Epirus. Vase, Bull. Vase, Cissa. Bull, Cyzicus. Damastium, Epirus. Sun. Sun, Damascus, Medama. Oricus, Epirus. Sun. Sun, Orra. PHiENiCAPEA, Epirus. Diana. Moon, Capua. * The emblem of the horse in Thessaly and Macedonia has nothing to do with Centaurs or the capacity of the region for horse-breeding. It is a simple relation of nomenclature. t See Note on Illyria. 60 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. CoRCYRA, Island, Epirus. Bull, Vase, Apollo, Horse, Grapes. Bull^ Carystos, Megara, Egurri. Vase^ Cardia. Sun^ „ Horse, Corinth. GrapeSy Carthea. Cassope, Corcyra. Vase, Bull, Grapes. Vase, Cassope. Grapes, Assos. Argos, Amphilochi, Acarnania. Horse. Horse, Rhaeucus. Leucas, Leucadia, Acarnania. Ship, Diana. Ship, Gades. Moon, „ CENiADiE, Acarnania. Bull. Bull, ^na. SoLLiUM, Acarnania. Horse. Horse, Salapia, Soli-mariaca. Thyrrium, Acarnania. Sun, Bull, Owl. Sun, Tauromenium. Bull, „ „ Owl, ,, „ ^TOLiA, Boar. Boar, Atella. Apollonia, ^tolia. Boar, Diana, Spear. Boar, Populonia. Spear, „ Moon, Illipula. Calydon, iEtolia. Lyre, Apollo. Lyre, Chalcis, Calymna, Chalcedon. Sun, Chalcis. Amphissa, Locris. Apollo, Boar. Opuntii, Locris. Spear, Vase, Shield. Spear, Sisapona. Vase, Hipponum. Shield, Aspendus. Teronium, Locris. Spear, Apollo, Boar. Spear, Thurium. Sun, Thyrrium. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 51 Phocis. Bull, Sun, Horse. Horse, Equaesia, Phacium. Sun, Ucetii. Elatea, Phocis. Trident. Trident, Alyzea. Thebes, Boeotia. Vase, Shield. Vase, Taba. BcEOTiA, Vase, Shield. (B.T.— T.B.) Anthedon, Boeotia. Vase. Vase, Andros. ERYTHRiE, Boeotia. Horse. Pelicania, Bceotia. Horse. Horse, Phalanna, Pelinna, Pella. PHERiE, Boeotia. Vase. Vase, Pharus. Tanagra, Boeotia. Horse, Grapes. Horse, Tyndaris. Grapes, Tenedos. Ther^e, Boeotia. Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Abdera. Vase, „ Thespia, Boeotia. Moon. Moon, Thospia. Athens, Attica.* Owl, Sow, Snake, Bee, Olive, Ship, Crescent, Ceres (Corn), Hammer. Owl, Atinum, Tenedos, Catana, Azetini, Cythnus. Fig, Mantinea. Olive, Rubastini. Moon, Cythnos. Corn, Atinum, Azetini, Rubastini, Leontini, Methana, Sar- dinia. Hammer, Methana. Deceleia, Attica. Caduceus, Helmeted Head. Wa7id, Callatia. Helmeted Head, Callet. * The mythological contest between Pallas and Poseidon about the olive and the horse is evidently a late invention. 52 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Eleusis, Attica. Sow, Snake. Fig^ lalysus. Snake ^ Elis. Megara, Attica. Apollo, Ship. Sun^ Megara, Sicily. Ship^ Cartago. Oropus, Attica. Club, Spear, Fish. Cluh^ Rhypse, Libera. Spear, Lipara. Fish, Libora. ^GiNA, Island, Attica. Ram, Fish, Ship, Tortoise. Ram, Coena. Fish, Oningis. Ship, Saguntum. Tortoise, ^Egian. Helena, Island, Attica. Ram, Vase. Sheep, Alea, Julis. Salamis, Island, Attita. Bull. Bull, Salamis, Selinus. ^gira, Achaia. Goat. Goat, Agyrium. ^GiON (Aigion), Peloponnesus. Tortoise, Eagle, Bacchus. Tortoise, ^gina. Eagle, Crossus. Grapes, Acilium. Corinth, Pelop. Horse, Trident. Horse, Hyccara (Kurra, Akkad, &c.. Horse). Trident, Carystos, Corone, Caronium, Ceraite, Cura. Dyme, Pelop. Vase. Pelius, Pelop.* Bull. Bull, Aballo, Sicily ; Aballo, Gaul ; Pylos of Elis, Baelo, &c. Grapes, Populonia. Rhyp^, Pelop. Club, Bow, Quiver. Club, Oropus, Libora. SiCYON, Pelop, Pigeon, Lion. Figeon, Scione. Lion, Caenicenses. * Now that we are in Arcadia, &c., we can test the conditions of the population among whom the Hellenes entered. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 53 Elis. Horse, Eagle, Snake. Horse, Velia. Eagle, Alaesa. Snake, Eleusis. Orthia, Elis. Horse. Horse, Othrytse. Pylos, Elis. Bull, Goat, Fish. Bull, Pelius, Abolla, Aballo, Pella, Pelinna, Baelo. Goat, Phalanna. Fish, Pale, lUipula. Cephallenia, Island, Elis. Grapes. Grapes, Pelius. Cranium, Cephallenia, Island. Ram, Bow. Nesus (Neso), Cephallenia, Island.* Panther, Fish. Pale, Pallenses, Cephallenia, Island. Fish, Arrow. Fish, Pylus, Illipula. Arrow, Phalasarna. Proni, Cephallenia, Island. Grapes. Grapes, Orphrynium. Same, Cephallenia, Island. Ram, Dog, Helmeted Head, Apollo. Ram, Samothrace. Hehiiet, Mesembria. Sun, Samosata, Samnites. Zacynthus (Zakuntho), Island. Snake, Moon, Vase. Snake, Segeste. Horse, Sacili. Moon, Segovii. Vase, Canusium. Ithaca, Island. CocL Messenia. Tripod. Tripod, Messana. Amphea, Messenia. Apollo. Sun, Amphissa, Ambracia. CoRONE, Messenia. Horse. Horse, Corinth, Crannon, Corcyra, Hyccara, Agyrium. Pylus, Messenia. Trident. Trident, Phalasarna. LACEDiEMON (Lakedaimon). Diana, Caduceus. Moony Leukadia. * Query if this be a Greek form. 54 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Argos, ArgoHs. Wolf, Helmet. Helmet^ Caura. AsiNE, Argolis. Bow, Club. Bow^ Xanthus, Epidaurus, Argolis. Cock, Goat, Wolf.* Cock, Terina. Wolf, Thyrea. Goat, Thera. Hermione, Argolis. Horse. Horse, Minyse. Methana, Argolis. Corn, Vulcan. Corn, Atinum, Azetini, &c. Vulcan, Athens. Thyrea, Argolis. Wolf, Quiver, Helmet, Owl. Wolf, Epidaurus. Hehnet, Thyea. Owl, Thyrrium. Trcezene, Argolis. Trident. Trident, Byzantium. Irene, Island, Argolis. Trident. Trident, Caronium, Corone. Alea, Arcadia. Ram. Ram, Helena, Julis. Charissa, Arcadia. Apollo, Wolf. , Stm, Corcyra. Wolf, Argos. Man-tinea, Arcadia. Sow, Trident. Pig, Athenai, Methymne. Trident, Tenos. Pheneus, Arcadia. Bull, Horse, Diana. Bull, ^na. Horse, „ Moon, „ Stymphalus, Arcadia. Sheep. Sheep, Peparethus. Tegea, Arcadia. Stag. Thelpusa, Arcadia. Sun. Sun, Atella, Entella, Delos. * In this region the Wolf occurs as an emblem. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 65 Aptera, Crete.* Apollo, Bee. Sun^ Teronium. Bee^ Eretrise. Argos, Crete. Bow, Owl. Otvl^ Megara. Arsinoe, Crete. Fish. Fish^ Arsi, Urso, Ursi. Axus, Faxus, Crete. Apollo. Stm^ Phocis, Ucetia. Ceraite, Crete. Spear-head. Spear, Caronium, Corinth, Carystos. Cnossus, Crete. Quiver, Spear, Eagle. Eagle, ^gion. Cydonia, Crete. Bow, Diana, Owl. Bow, Cydna. Moo?t, Cythnus, Leukadia, Gades. Owl, Cythnus, Catana, Leukadia. Elyrus, Crete. Bee. Bee, Elaeusa. GoRTYNA, Crete. Bull. Bull, Egurri. Itanus, Crete. Fish, Spear, Trident, Eagle. Fish, Tenos. Trident, Tyndaris. Eagle, Tanos. Lam pa, Lappa, Crete. Corn. Corn, Salapia. Lasos, Crete. Diana. Moon, Alaesa. Lissus, Crete. Fish. Lyttus (Lutto). Ship, Boar. Hog, Eleusis, lalysus. Olus, Crete. Diana. Moon, Ulia. Ph^stus, Crete. Bull. Bull, Poestum, Phistella. Phalanna, Crete. Fish. Fish, Pylus, Populonia. * Crete is a world in itself. 56 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN TOPULATIONS, ETC. Phalasarna, Crete. Trident. Trident^ Pylus, Populonia. PoLYRHiENiuM, Crete. Diana, Spear, Bull. Moon^ Apollonia. Spear, „ Bull, Pylus. PrvEsus, Crete. Fish, Trident. Fish, Priansus. Trident, „ Priansus, Crete. Fish, Trident. Fish, Praesus. Trident, „ Pyranthus, Crete. Goat. Goat, Paros, Pharus. Rhaucus (Rauku), Crete. Horse, Ship, Trident. Horse, Corinth, &c. "V Ship, Megara. Trident, Rhithymna. Rhithymna, Crete. Trident, Fish. Trident, Rhaucus. Sybritia, Crete. Fish. Tanos, Crete. Eagle. Eagle, Itanus. Thalassa, Crete. Spear, Speary Alyzea, Mylasa. Tylissus, Crete. Goat, Stag, Bow. oat^ Sag alassus, Lissus. Bow, Alaesa. EuBCEA, Greek, Island. Bull, Pigeon. Carystus, Euboea. Bull, Cow, Cock, Palm, Fish, Trident. Bull, Egurri, Corcyra, Acarnania, Cales. Cock, Cales, Calata. Fish, Coresia, Caura, Caronium, Callatia. Trident, Corinth, Caronium, Corone. Chalcis, Euboea. Apollo, Trident, Wheel. Sun, Macella, Megara. Trident, see Carystos. Wheel, Chalcedon. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 57 Eretria, Euboea. Bull, Grapes, Bow, Bidl^ Abdera, Grapes^ „ Bmv^ „ HiSTi^, Euboea. Ship, Bull, Grapes. Ship^ Cissa. Bull^ Cassope. Grapes^ „ Amorgus, Island. Apollo, Sun, Murgantium. ^GiALE, Amorgus. Owl. Owl^ Calacte. Anaphe, Island. Bee, Vase, Apollo. Vase^ ^niana. Sun^ Enna. Andros, Island. Panther, Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Abdera. Vase, Abdera, Anthedon. Ceos, Cea, Island. Horse, Dog, Vase. Horse, Cissa. Vase, Cissa. Dog, Cos. Carthea, City of Ceos. Dog, Grape. Dog, Hyccara. Grape, Corcyra. CoRESiA, City of Ceos, Island. Fish, Apollo, Dog. Fish, Caura, Caronium. Sun, Charissa. Dog, Hyccara. JuLis, City of Ceos, Island. Bee. Bee, Elaeusa. PoESA (Po-esa), City of Ceos, Island. Grapes. Grapes, Poestum, Assos, Thassus. CiMOLis, Island. Bee. Bee, Smyrna. 58 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Cythnus, Island. Bee, Owl, Crescent, Star, Lyre. Bee, Athens. Owly Athens, Catana, Cydonia. Moon^ Athens. Star, Cydonia. Lyre, Cydna. Delos, Island. Apollo.* Sun, Telemessos, Tantalia, Atella, Petelia, Pautalia, Thel- pusa, Entella. Melos, Island. Grapes, Vase. Grapes, Malienses. Vase, Malienses. Jos, Island. Palm, Bacchus. Pahn, Ansa. Grapes, Issa. Myconos, Island. Corn, Grapes. Corn, Acinipo. Grapes, „ Naxos, Island. Vase, Grapes. Vase, Ceos, Cassope. Grapes, „ Pholegandrus, Island. Bull. Bull, Pylos, Pelion, Aballo. Seriphus, Island. Pigeon. Pigeon, Siphnos. SiPHNOS. Pigeon, Trident. Pigeon, Seriphus. Trident, Sisapona. SiciNus, Island. Grapes. Grapes, ^gion. Paros, Island. Goat, Grapes. Goat, Pyranthus. Grapes, Pelius. Syros, Island. Corn. Corn, Searo, Eresus. * The legend of Apollo had no more to do with Delos than with any other place which had the Sun for an emblem. This is only one form of word for the Sun. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 59 Thera, Island. Bull, Fish. Bull, Tarraco, Tauromenium, Dyrrachium. Fishy Thyatira, Abdera, Thurium, Tenos, Island. Trident, Fish, Trident, Mantinea. Fish, Itanus. Sena (Gallica), Italy. Horse, Apollo. Horse, Senones, Santones. Sun, Enna. AciLiUM, Italia Superior. Vase with Grapes. Vase, Helena. Camars, Etruria. Boar. Boar, Capua. FiESULvE, Etruria. Fish, Trident. Fish, Phistella, Salapia, Salacia, Salentina. Trident, Phalasarna, Selge. Falerii, Etruria. Apollo. Sun, Pylos, Pelius, Aballo, Abella, &c. PoPULONiA, Etruria. Boar, Crescent, Grapes, Trident, Corn, Lion^ Hammer. Boar, Apollonia. New Moon, Illipula, Pylos, Pale, &c. Grapes, Pelius. Trident, Pylos. Corn, Baelo, Hispalis, Obuleo. Lion, Cabellio. Peithesa, Etruria. Owl and Rat. Owl, Lebedus. Vetulonia, Etruria.* Ship, Anchor. Ship, Bottiaea. Aftchor, Abydus. Iguvium, Umbria. Star, Wheel. Star, Aquinum. Wheel, Iptuci. * The available coins of Etruria are not numerous, but they compare closely with those of Asia Minor. 60 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. TuDER, Umbria. Frog, Anchor, Sow. Anchor^ Vetulonia. Hog^ Ostur. Ancona, Picenum. Elbow and Palm. Adria, Picenum. Lyre. Lyre^ Adranum. Vestini, Picenum. Moon. Moon^ Poestum. Alba, Latium. Horse. Horse^ Alabanda. Aquinum, Latium. Star, Cock. Star^ Iguvium. VoLTERRA. Wheel. Wheels Tarentum. AiSERNiA, Samnium. Bull, Apollo, Snake. Bull, Phaselis. Apollo, Selinus. Snake, ,, Beneventum, Samnium. Apollo, Horse. Sun, Panormus. Horse, ,, Compulteria, Samnium. Apollo, Bull. Sun, Panticapseum. Bull, Campani, Cumae. Frentani, Samnium. Horse. Horse, Ferentum. Larinum, Samnium. Horse, Bull, Fish. Horse, Larissa. Bull, „ Fish, Hyrina. Murgantia, Samnium. Apollo. Sun, Amorgos. Samnites, Italy. Bull. On many of the Samnite coins a Bull is to be found. Samos. Also Apollo (Sun), as on coins of Same and Samosata Campani, Campania. Bull. Bull, Compulteria, Cumae. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 61 Atella (Adere), Campania. Elephant, Sow, Sun. Hog^ ^tolia. Stilly Delos, Island ; Telemissus, Entella, Petelia. Calatia, Campania. Cock. Calatia, Campania. Trident. Trident^ Colossae. Cales, Calet (Kaleno), Campania. Cock, Bull. Cock^ Calata. Bull^ Egurri, Macella. Capua, Campania. Lion, Boar, Apollo, Diana, Corn. Lion^ Cabellio. Boar^ Camars. Sun,, Compulteria, Panticapseum . Moon,, Phaenicapaea. CossA, Campania. Horse. Horse, Cissa, Equaesi, Syracusa, Ceos. ^ CuMiE, Campania. Palm, Frog, Crab, Bull, Shell. Palm, Camerina. Crab, Gabala. Bull, Compulteria. Shell, Cimolis. Hyrina, Campania. Fish. Fish, Aria, Boetica. NoLA, Campania. Bull, Apollo. Bull, Nerii. NucERiA, Alfaterna, Campania. Eagle, Apollo, Dog, Fish, Horse. Sun, Megara. Dog, Agyrium, Hyccara. Horse, „ „ Parthenope (Nespolis), Campania. Horse, Bull, Apollo, Diana, Caducens. Horse, Perrhsebia, Ferentum, Frentani. Bull, Perrhaebia, Perinthus. Sun, Peparethus. Moon, Berytis. Caducens, Berytis, Berytus, Perinthus. Phistella, Bistelia, Campania. Fish, Bull. Fish, Poestum, Byzantium, Libisona. BulL 62 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. PiCENTiA (Piskinis), Campania. Rat. Rat, Peithesa. SuEssA, Campania. Cock, Horse, Lion, Palm, Apollo, Bull. Cock, Cissa. Horse, Cissa, Cossa. Lion, Cissa, Cyzicus. Palm, Cassandra, Ausa. Sun, Cius. Bull, Cassope. Teanum (Tia), Campania. Bull, Cock, Star, Apollo. Bull, Tyana, Catana, Sidon. Cock, Dardanus. Star, Cydonia. Sun, Tenedos, Catana, Adana. Arpi, Apulia. Corn, Horse, Bull. Corn, Orippo. Horse, Perrhsebia. Bull, „ AscuLUM, Apulia. Boar, Horse, Com. Horse, Sacili. Corn, Sagalassus. Barium, Apulia. Ship, Fish. Ship, Berytus, Lipara. Fish, Libora, Lipara. Canusium, Apulia. Vase, Horse, Lyre. Vase, Zacynthus. Horse, Cyon. Lyre, Cyanese. LucERiA, Apulia. Frog, Shell, Bow, Quiver, Club, Fish, Apollo, Wheel, Bull. Shell, Egurri. Bow, Cartago. Quiver, „ Club, ,, Fish, „ Sun, Carrhse, Corcyra. Wheel, Cyrene. Bull, Corcyra, Egurri. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 63 RuBASTiNi. Owl, Olive, Corn. Owl^ Azetini, Athens, Atinum, Catana, Tenedos, Bisanthe. Olive, Athens. Corn, Sardinia, Leontini, Azetini, Athens, Atinum. Salapia, Apulia. Fish, Apollo, Horse, Boar. Fish^ Solimariaca. Sun, „ Horse, „ Boar, Salentini. Venusia, Apulia. Fish, Olive, and Owl. Fish, Nesus. Azetini, Calabria. Owl, Corn. Owl, Athens, Catana, Bisanthe, Rubastini. Corn, Sardinia, Leontini, Rubastini. Brundusium, Calabria, Fish. Fish, Priansus. BuTUNTUM, Calabria. Corn, Fish. Corn, Azetini. Fish, Byzantium. CcELiUM, Calabria, Lion. Lion, Callatia. Orra, Calabria. Apollo, Grapes. Sun, Oricus. Grapes, Orippo. Tarentum (Taras), Calabria, Fish, Crab, Horse, Bow, Wheel, Apollo, Bacchus, Owl.* Fish, Thera, Thurium, Turuptiana. Crab, Terina. Horse, Turiaso, Turones. Bow, Abdera, Erythrae. Wheel, Volterra. Sun, Teria, Turones. Grapes^ Terone. Owl, Tauromenium. Crescent, Erythrae. * Taras, the hero of this city, was purely imaginary. 64 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Atinum, Lucania. Owl,* Com. Owl, Athens, Catana, Azetini, Bisanthe, Salentini, Tenedos. Corn, Azetini, Leontini, Bisanthe, Rubastini. BuxENTUM, Pixus, Lucania. Bull. Bull, Byzantium. Laus, Lainos, Lucania. Bull. Horse, Larinum. Metapontum (Metabo), Lucania. Corn, Fish, Horse. Corn, Munda. Fish, Motna. Horse, „ PcESTUM, Lucania. Fish, Boar, Bull, Diana, Two Hands, Lion. Fish, Byzantium, Libisona. Bull, „ „ Moon, Byzantium. Lion, „ Syris, Lucania. Snake, Ship. Sybaris, Lucania. Diana, Bull. Moon, Berytus. Bull, Barea. Fish, Illiberis. N.B. — Sybaris was afterwards called Thurium, which also signifies Bull. Velia, Lucania. Lion. Lion, Phalanna. Caulonia, Bruttium. Stag, Fish, Apollo. Stag, Cyrene. Fish, Callatia. Sun, Calacte. Croton, Bruttium. Stag, Ram, Bow, Apollo, Lion, Horse, Bull. Stag, Cragus. Ram, Cranium. Bow, „ Sun, Cratia, Cragus. Lion, Acrasus. Horse, Crannon. Bull, Gortyna. * In Lucania, as in Calabria, the Owl was a common emblem. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 65 HiPPONUM (Epione), Bruttium. Vase, Club, Owl. Fase, Opuntii. Oza/, Panormus. Madama, Mesma, Bruttium. Apollo, Ceres. Sun, Damastium, Damascus. Cor/iy Methana. NuCERiA (Noukri), Bruttium. Apollo, Lion, Horse. Sim, Nuceria of Campania. Zwn, Cerritani. Horse, Corone. PiTANATA, Bruttium. Lion. Petelia, Bruttium. Sun, Dog. Sti/i, Atella, Entella, Telemissus. Rhegium, Bruttium. Lion, Lyre, Dog. Zion, Ricomagus. Stm, Cragus. Lyre, „ Z>og, Eryx. ToMESA, Bruttium. Helmet. Helmet, Mesembria, Amasia. Terina, Bruttium. Swan, Crab, Vase. Swan, Camerina. Crab, Tarentum, Telos. Vase, Terone. SiciLiA, Sicania. Three Legs. Three, see Syracusa. Abaccenum, Sicily. Bull, Sow. Bull, Caunus, Cyon. Abella, Sicily. Bull, Grapes. Bull, Pelius. Grapes, „ Adranus, Sicily. Apollo, Lyre, Fish. Fish, Hadria. ^TNiEi, Sicily. Horse, Apollo, Ceres. Horse, Catana. Sun, „ 66 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Agrigentum (Akraga), Sicily. Crab, Pigeon, Snake, Fish. Crab^ Eryx. Pigeon, „ Snake, Nacrassa. Fish, Argesa. Agyrium, Sicily. Dog, Bull, Horse, Goat, Diana. Dog, Nuceria, Eryx. Bull, Megara, Carystos, Egurri. Horse, Corone, Hyccara, Carissa. Goat, ^gera, Peloponium. Moon, Egurri. Al^sa (Alaisa), Sicily. Bow, Quiver, Moon, Eagle. Bow, Tylissus. Quiver, Pimolisa. Eagle, Aluntium. Aluntium (Alonti), Sicily. Bull, Eagle. Bull, Selinus. Eagle, Alaesa. Amestratus, Sicily. Horse, Apollo, Diana. Horse, Termessus, Mostene. Sun, Mossina, Mastaura. Moo7i, Massilia. AssoRUS, Sicily. Bull, Apollo. Bull, Assos. Sun, ^zanis. CiENA, Sicily. Horse, Ram, Eagle. Horse, Cyon, Caunus. Ram, ^gina. Eagle, „ Calacte, Sicily. Apollo, Lyre, Club, Grapes. Sun, Chalcis. Lyre, „ Club, Callatia. Grapes, ,, HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 67 Camarina, Sicily. Lizard, Swan, Horse, Cock, Helmet. Lizard (this is the large red-headed Lizard in Africa). Swan^ Terina. Horse, Cyme. Cock, Himera. Palm, Cumse. Sun, Gambrium. Helmet, Cabira. Catana, Sicily. Owl, Bull, Apollo, Bird, Grapes, Fish. Owl, Tenedos, Athens. Sufif Tenedos. Grapes, „ Bull, Tyana. Bird, Centuripse. Fish, Tenos. Centurip^, Sicily. Bird, Catana. Cephaluedium, Sicily. Bull, Club, Apollo, Bacchus. Bull, Aballo, Abella, Pylos, Pelius. »j^^) >i >» >> >) Grapes, Pelius. Enna (Ettenna), Sicily. Goat, Hog, Snake, Apollo, Torch. Goat, Sen ones. ^og, „ Snake, Etenna. Sun, Anaphe. Torch, Menynum. Entella, Sicily. Sun, Bull, Horse. Sun, Atella, Petilia, Telemissus, Delus. Bull, Pautalia. Horse, Toletum. Eryx, Sicily. Dove, Crab, Dog. Dove, Agrigentum. Crab, Dog, Rhegium. Eubcea, Sicily. Apollo, Bull. Sun, Lilyboeum. 68 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Gelas, Sicily, Bull, Corn, Horse, Ram. Bull^ Chalcedon. Corn^ „ Horse^ Celenderis. Rain, Gaulos. HiMERA, Sicily. Cock, Horse, Lion, Shells. Cock, Camarina. Horse, Camarina. Shells, Cumae, Cimolis. Hyccara (Uccara), Sicily. Dog. jDog, Agyrium. Leontini, Sicily. Corn, Sun. Corn, Sardinia, Azetini, Rubastini. LiLYBCEUM, Sicily. Snake, Sun. Macella, Sicily. Bull, Sun. Bull, Cales. Sutiy Megara. Men^num, Sicily. Club, Sun, Torch. Sun, Enna. Torch, Enna. Merusium, Sicily. Grapes. Grapes, Maronea. Megara, Sicily. Bull, Apollo. Bull, Macella. Sun, Megara. Messana, Sicily. Palm, Hare or Rabbit, Fish, Dog, Tripod, Lion, Calf. Lion, Massilia. Dog, Motna. Tripod, Temesa. Fish, Libisona. MoRGANTiA, Sicily. Lion, Stag. Motna, Sicily. Horse, Dog, Fish. Horse, Metapontum. Dog, Messana. Fish, Munda. Nacona, Sicily. Mule. Horse, Zacynthus. HISTORV OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 69 Naxos, Sicily. Grapes. Grapes^ Assos, Naxos. Neetum, Sicily. Bull. Bull^ Nerii, ^na. Panormus (Panormo). Palm, Owl, Dog, Sun, Ram, Lyre. Palm^ Bilban. Owl^ Hipponeum. Dog^ Metapontum. Sun^ Beneventum. Corn^ Pheneus. Lyre^ Sinope. Segesta, Sicily. Lion, Stag, Snake, Dog, Bow. Lion^ Segovii, Cyzicus. Stag, Saga-lassus. Snake, Zacynthus. Bow, Selge. Selinus, Sicily. Bull, Snake, Dog. Bull, Salamis, Thessalonica. Syracusa, Sicily. Triquetra, Fish, Horse, Apollo, Bull, Owl. Triquetra (3 Legs), Three Sar (Sardinia) ; Zal, Etruscan ; Sama, Canaanitic ; Cossura. Fish, Cissa, Horse, „ Sun, Chios. Bull, Cyzicus. Owl, Argos. Tauromenium,* Sicily. Apollo, Diana, Vase, Owl, Horse, Bull. Sicn, Turones. Moon, Tarentum. Vase, Astyra. Owl, „ Horse, Tarentum, Turones. Bull, Tarraco, Dyrrachium. Tyndaris, Sicily. t Horse. Horse, Tarentum, Turones. Gelon, King in Sicily. Lion. Lion, Coelium. ,* Tauromenium is not connected with Taurus, t Sicily is particularlyrich in emblems. 70 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. CossuRA, Island, Sicily. Crown, Triangle. Triangle^ Syracusa ( = Cusa-syra) Gaulos, Island, Sicily. Crescent, Shell, Boar. Moon, Egurri. Shell, „ Ram, Gelas. LiPARA, Island. Fish, Trident, Ship, Bacchus. Fish, Libora, Barium, Illiberis. Trident, Pylus, Libora. Ship, Berytus, Barium. Grapes, Pelius. Melita, Malta, Island. Horse, Tripod, Lyre. Horse, Mylasa. Tripod, Philomelium. Lyre, Alyatta. Sardinia,* Island. Three Ears of Corn. Three, Syra (see Syracusa). Corn, Atinum, Azetini, Leontini, Rubastini, &c. Balsa, Spain-Lusitania. New Moon, Corn. Moon, Baelo. Corn, „ Myrtilis, Spain-Lusitania. Fish. Fish, Myrina. OssoNOBA, Spain-Lusitania. Fish, Ship. Fish, Asido, Sinope. Salacia, Spain-Lusitania. Two Dolphins. Fish, Solimariaca, Salentini. AciNiPO, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Grape. Corn, Onuba. Aria, Cumbaria, Spain-Boetica. Dolphin. Fish, Arevaca. AscuTA, Lascuta, Spain-Boetica. Elephant. AsiDO, Spain-Boetica. Bull, Two Dolphins, Star. Bull, Asta. Fish, Bursada. Star, Issa. * See Observations in the paper on this name. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 71 AsTA, Spain-Boetica. Apollo, Bull. Sun^ Astyra, Assos. Bull, „ AsTAPA, Spain-Boetica. Woman's Head with Rays. Moon, Poestum. Baelo, Belo, Spain-Boetica. Bull, Corn, Sun. Bull, Abella, Aballo. Corn, Hispalis, Populonia. Sun, Abella, Aballo. Barea, Spain-Boetica. Bull. Bull, Sybaris, Perinthus. Calletii, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Helmet. Corn, Chalcedon. Helmet, Calata. Carbula, Spain-Boetica. Snake, Lyre. Lyre, Pella. Carissa, Spain-Boetica. Horse. Horse, Agyrium, Hyccara, Corone. Carmo, Spain-Boetica. Horse, Corn. Horse, Carissa, Corone. Corn, Cardia. Carteia, Spain-Boetica. Fish, Ship, Quiver, Club. Fish, Caura, Coressia. Ship, Megara. Quiver, Luceria. Bow, „ Club, „ Caura, Spain-Boetica. Helmeted Head, Fish, Moon. Helmet, Coresia. Fish, „ Moon, Egurri. Gades, Spain-Boetica. Fish, Corn, Ship, Moon, Trident. Fish, Cissa, &c. Ship, Cisthena. Corn, Cissa, &c Moon, Leucadia. Illiberis, Spain-Boetica. Fish, Horse. Fish, Libera. Horse, „ 72 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Illipula, Spain-Boetica. Fish, Corn, New Moon, Fish, Pale, Pylus. Corn^ Baelo. Moon, „ Irippo, Spain-Boetica. Bacchus. Grapes, Orippo. Ituci, Spain-Boetica. Horse, Fish, Corn. Corn, Tucci, Lastigi. L/ELiA, Spain-Boetica. Palm, Corn. Corn, Elaea. Lastigi, Spain-Boetica. Helmet, Corn. Cor?i, Tucci, Ituci. MiROBRiGA, Spain-Boetica. Horse. Horse, Maronea. MuNDA, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Fish. Corn, Metapontum, Mathana, Fish, Helmantica, Motna. Nema, Spain-Boetica. Fish. Fish, Oningis. MuRGi, Spain-Boetica. Palm, Horse. Obulco (Obulko), Spain-Boetica. Bull, Apollo, Horse, Stag, Corn. Bull, Aballo, Pelius. Sun, „ „ Horse, Pella. Hog, Populonia. Corn, „ Oningis, Spain-Boetica. Fish, Horse. Fish, ^gina. Horse, Cyon. Onuba, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Horse. Orippo, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Grapes, Bull. Grapes, Irippo. OssET, Spain-Boetica. Grapes. Grapes, Assos, Issa, &c. Hispalis, Spain-Boetica. Corn. Corn, Baelo, Populonia, Cypsela. Sacili (Sakili), Spain-Boetica. Horse. Horse, Segovia, Segobriga, Segisama, Zacynthus. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 73 Searo, Spain-Boetica. Corn. Corn^ Syros. SiSAPO, Spain-Boetica. A quadruped. Horse^ Tartessus, Spain-Boetica. Corn, Fish. Corn, Thasus. Tucci (Tukki), Spain-Boetica. Olive, Corn. Corn^ Ituci. Ventippo, Spain-Boetica. Helmet. Helmet^ ^na. Ulia, Spain-Boetica. Moon. Moon^ Illipula. Urso, Spain-Boetica (Ursone). Fish. Fish^ Arsi, ^NA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Bull, Lion, Helmet, Horse, Aninsesum. Bull, (Eniadae. Lion, Caenicenses. Helmet, Arevaca, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish. Fish, Ergavica. Arsi, Spain-Tarraconensis (Erisi). Fish, Horse. Fish, Urso. Horse, „ AuSA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Palm, Vase, Horse. Palm, Suessa. Vase, Assos. Horse, Suessa. Belon, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. Fish, Illipula. Horse, Bella. BiLBAN, Spain-Tarraconensis. Palm, Fish. Palm, Panormus. Fish, Sisapona. BiLBiLis, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse. BuRSADA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Plowshare. Bracara, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. Fish, Caronium. Horse, Corone. E 74 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Caronium (Karoni), Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Spear. Fish^ Coresia. Spear ^ Corone. Cerretani (Kerre), Spain-Tarraconensis. Lion, Helmet. Lion^ Cardia. Helmet^ Caura. CissA (Kisse), Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Lion, Fish, Cock, Vase, Ship, Bow. Borse, Cossa, Ceos, Equaesia, Syracusa. Lion, Suessa, Cyzicus. Ftsh, Cyzicus. Cock, Suessa. Ship, Ossanoba. Vase, Ceos, Chios, Naxos. Bow, Egurri, Spain-Tarraconensis. Bull, Moon, Shell, Bull, Megara, Carystos. Moon, Caura. Shell, Luceria. EgUiESiA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse. Horse, Cissa, &c. Ergavica, Spain-Tarraconensis. Plowshare, Horse. Horse, Arevaca. Helmantica, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish. Horse, Motna. Fish, Motna, Munda. Ildum, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse. Horse, Elis. IsPALENSis, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. Fish, Pale. Horse, Pella. Spear, Phalasarna. Libora, Spain-Tarraconensis. Corn, Horse, Fish, Spear. Corn, Pharus. Horse, Ephyra, Eburones. Fish, Illiberis, Lipara, Bariam. Spear, Berytus, Lipara. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 75 LiBisoNA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse, Caduceus. Fish, Sinope, Byzantium. Horse, Sena. IVafidy Asine. Lybia, Spain-Tarraconensis. Palm, Horse. Palm, Libisona. Narbases, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. Fish, Libiona. Horse, „ Nerii, Spain-Tarraconensis. Bull, Horse. Orisia, Spain-Tarraconensis (Oligie, legend). Horse. Horse, Lairssa, Olisippo. Olisippo (Orisippo), Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Spear. Horse, Orisia. Spear, Alyzea. OscA (Oska, Osha), Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. Fish, Cissa, Cyzicus. Horse, Ossa, Ceos. Osicerda (Asekert, legend), Spain-Tarraconensis. Lion. Lion, Cardia. OsTUR, Spain-Tarraconensis. Boar. Hog, ^tolia. Pala, Palentia, Spain - Tarraconensis. Vulcan with Council Cap. Vulcan, Lipara. SiETABis (Stbgs, legend). Corn. Corn, Taba. Saguntum, Spain-Tarraconensis. Ship, Helmeted Head. Ship, ^gina. Helmet, ^na. Savia (Sbie, legend), Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Palm. Horse, Oba. Segisama, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish, Palm. Horse, Sacili, Segovia, Segobriga. Fish, Segobriga. Segobriga, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish, Palm. Horse, Segisama. Fish, „ Palm, 76 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. Segovia (Segb, legend). Horse, Spear. Horse, Segisama. Spear, „ Setisacum, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Palm. SiSAPONA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish, Lance. Horse, Beneventum, Panormus. Lance, Opuntii. Tarraco, Spain-Tarraconensis. Bull, Palm, Crown. Bulk Dyrrhachium. Pahn, Tyrus. Crown, Thyrea, Abdera. ToLETUM, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse. Horse, Entella. TuRiASO, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse. Horse, Tarentum, Tauroraenium, Turones. TuRUPTiANA, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish, Spear. Horse, Turiaso. Fish, Thurium. Spear, „ Ursi, Spain-Tarraconensis. Horse, Fish. Horse, Orisia. Fish, Urso, Arsi, Arsinoe. Vascones, Spain-Tarraconensis. Hog, Horse, Palm Hog, Asculum. Horse, „ Palm, Askalon. Velia, Spain-Tarraconensis. Fish, Horse. * Fish, Phalanna. Horse, Elis. ZoiLiE. Horse. Horse, Sollium, Solimariaca, Salapia. Vesci, Spain. Bull and Tree. Iptuci (Ptukki), Spain. Wheel. Oba, Spain. Horse, Horse, Ubii. Bellindi, Aquitania, Gaul. Horse, Apollo. Horse, Pelinna, Phalanna. Sun^ Pelius. HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 77 BiTURiGES (Avarico), Aquitania, Gaul. Boar. Hog^ Eburovices. Abudos, King of Bituriges. Eagle, Horse. Eagle ^ Abydos. Horse, Ubii. CuBi, Aquitania, Gaul. Boar, Horse. Hog, Capua. Horse, Cacaba. Cambolectri, Aquitania, Gaul. Horse, Sword. Horse, Camarina. Swordy Cimolis. Santones (Santonas), Aquitania, Gaul. Horse. Horse, Senones, Sena. Massilia, Gaul. Lion, Diana, Quiver. Lion, Messaria. Moon, Amestratus. Quiver y „ Agatha, Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion. Lion, Acanthus. AvENio, Gallia-Narbonensis. Hog, Bull, Apollo, Diana. Hog, Enna. Bull, Pheneus, ^na. Sun, Enna, Anaphe. Moo?i, Pheneus, Banias. Cabellio, Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion. Lion, Capua, Cibyra. CiENiCENSES (Kainike), Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion, Apollo. Lion^ Sicyon. Sun, Cyaneae, Conane. Cavares, Gallia-Narbonensis. Horse. Horse, Camarina. Glanum, Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion. Nemausus, Gallia-Narbonensis. Serpent, Apollo, Boar. Sun, Massicytes. Boar, Amphissa. OxuBii, Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion. Lion, Capua. 78 HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. RicoMAGENSES (Rikoiii), GalUa-Narbonensis. Lion, Diana. Lio7i, Rhegium. Moony „ Samnagenses, Samnage, Gallia-Narbonensis. Bull, Apollo, Diana. Bully Samnites. Suriy Samnites, Same, Samosata. Mooriy Samos. Segovii, Gallia-Narbonensis. Lion, Diana. LioHy Segesta. Mooriy Zacynthus. Tricorii, Gallia-Narbonensis. Diana, Lion. MooHy Egurri. Liofiy Nuceria. UcETiA, Gallia-Narbonensis. Apollo, Lion. Sufiy Cotiaeum. VocONTii, Gallia-Narbonensis. Horse, Apollo. Horsey Cyon. SuHy Cyaneae. Aballo, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Apollo, Bull, Ass. SuTiy Abella, &c. Bully Abella, Obulco, Pelius, Pylos. Andecavi (Andekom), Gallia Lugdunensis. Boar, Horseman. Hogy Capua. Horsey Cavares. Carnutes, Carnitos, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Lion. LioHy Cardia. CoRiLissus, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Lion. Lioriy Tricorii. Eburovices, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Boar, Apollo, Horse. Boary Avaricum. Sufiy Balbura, HorsCy Eburone. Mantubini, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Apollo, Horse, Fish. Sufiy Metapontum. Horsey Munda. Fishy y, HISTORY OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS, ETC. 79 RoTOMAGUS, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Apollo, Horse, Bull. Sun^ Rhodus, Rhodia. Horse^ Erethrae. Bull^ Eretria. KisiAMBOS, King of Lixovii, Helvetii, Gaul, Wheel. Wheels Mesembria. Senones, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Horse, Boar, and Bull, 2 Goats. Horse^ Sena (Gallia). Boar^ Enna. Bidl^ ^na, Libisona. Goat, Enna. Sequani, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Boar. Boar^ Abacaenum. TuRONES, TuRO, Gallia-Lugdunensis. Apollo, Horse. Sun^ Tauromenium. Horse, „ Eburones, Belgica. Horse.* Horse, Ephyrae. Solimariaca (or Soli). Belgica. Horse, Fish, Apollo. Horse, Salapia. Fish, Salacia, Salapia, Salentini. Sun, Salapia. Tornacum, Belgica. Helmet, Spear. Helmet, Thyrea, Abdura. Spear, Thurium. Ubii, Belgica.t Horse. Horse, Oba. * The Eburones are supposed to be Germans, t For Britain, see the text. WILLIAM RIDER AND SON, PRINTERS, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C. TRtJBNER'S (Bxitntai $<: linguistic ^3ubltcattons* -^ OJLTA.XjOC3-TJE or BOOKS, PERIODICALS, AND SERIALS, ON THB ^i0torp, language0, iReligions, antiquities, Hiteta* ture, ano ©eogtapbg of tfte (Cast, AND KINBEEB SUBJECTS, PUBLISHED BT TI^tJBl^EI^ &c OO. LONDON: TRUBNER & CO., 67 and 59, LUDGATE HILL. 1882. CONTENTS. PAGE Triibner's Oriental Series 3 Serials and Periodicals 6 Archaeology, Ethnography, Geography, History, Law, Literature, Numismatics Travels 19 The Religions of the East Comparative Philology (Polyglots) Grammars, Dictionaries, Texts, and Translations :- 30 37 V AGE PAGE Accad — V. Assyrian Hindustani ... 71 African Languages 41 Icelandic ... ... 72 American Languages 42 Japanese ... 73 Anglo-Saxon 43 Irish — V. Keltic ... Arabic 44 Kamilaroi— see Australian Lang. Assamese 45 Keltic(Coniish,Gaelic, Welsh, Irish) 73 Assyrian , 46 Mahratta (Marathi) ... 74 Australian Languages 48 Malagasy ... 74 Aztek— «^. American Lang. ... Malay ... 75 Babylonian — v. Assyrian Malayalim ... 7^ Rengali 48 Maori ... 75 Brahoe 48 Oriya — v. Uriya ... Braj Bhak&— ». Hindi Pali ... 75 Burmese 48 Pazand ... 77 Celtic— y. Keltic Peguan ... 77 Chaldaic— V. Assyrian Pehlvi ... 77 Chinese (for books on and in 49 Pennsylvania Dutch ... 78 Pidgin -English see under Persian ... 79 this heading) Pidgin- English ... 80 Choctaw — V. American Lang. Prakrit ... 80 Coptic— v. Egyptian Pukshto (Pakkhto, Pashto) 80 Corean 53 Punjabi — v. Gurmukhi ... ... Cornish— V. Keltic Quichua — v. American T-anguages Cree — v. American Lan- Creole guages Russian ... ... 81 Samaritan ... ... 81 Cuneiform — V. Assyrian. Samoan ... ... ... 81 Dutch (Pennsylvania) 78 Sanskrit ... ... 82 Egyptian ... 64 Shan ... ... 91 English— Early and Modern 55 Sindhi ... . 92 English and Dialects Sinhalese ... ... 92 Frisian 67 Suahili ... ... 92 Gaelic— V. Keltic Syriac ... ... 92 Gaudiau 67 Tamil ... ... 93 German (Old) 67 Telugu ... ... 93 Gipsy Greek (Modern and Classic) .. 68 Tibetan ... ... 94 68 Turki ... 94 Gujarati 68 Turkish ... ... 94 Gurmukhi 69 Umbrian ... ... 95 Hawaiian. 69 Urdu — V. Hindustani ... ... ... Hebrew 69 Uriya ... ... 95 Hidatsa— V. American Lang. Welsh— V. Keltic ... ... Hindi 70 : TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES. *' A knowledge of the commonplace, at least, of Oriental literature, philosophy, and religion is as necessary to the general reader of the present day as an acquaint- ance with the Latin and Greek classics was a generation or so ago. Immense strides have heen made within the present century in these branches of learning ; Sanscrit has heen brought within the range of accurate philology, and its invaluable ancient literature thoroughly investigated ; the language and sacred books of the Zoroastrians have been laid bare ; Egyptian, Assyrian, and other records of the remote past have been deciphered, and a group of scholars speak of still more recondite Accadiau and Hittite monuments ; but the results of all the scholarship that has been devoted to these subjects have been almost inaccessible to the public because they were contained for the most part in learned or expensive works, or scattered throughout the numbers of scientific periodicals. Messrs. Trubner & Co., in a spirit of enterprise which does them infinite credit, have detetmined to supply the constantly-increasing want, and to give in a popular, or, at least, a comprehensive form, all this mass of know- ledge to the world."— Tm^«. 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The oldest collection of Folk-lore extant : being the Jatakatthavannana, for the first time edited in the original Pali, by V. Fausboll, and translated by T. "W. Rhys Davids. Trans- lation. Vol. I. pp. cxvi. and 348. 1880. 18s. The Classical Poetet of the Japanese. By Basil Chambeelain^ Author of *' Yeigio Henkaku, Ichiran," pp. xii. and 228. 1880. 7s. Qd. Linguistic and Oeiental Essays. "Written from the year 1846-1878.. By R. CrsT, Author of "The Modern Languages of the East Indies." pp. xii. and 484. 1880. 18s. The MesneyI. (Usually known as the Mesneviyi Shcrif, or Holy MesnevI) of Mevlana (our Lord) Jelalu'd-Din Muharamed er-Rumi. Book I. Together with some account of the Life and Acts of the Author, of his Ancestors, and of his Descendants. Illustrated by a Selection of Characteristic Anecdotes, as Collected by their Historian, Mevlana Shemsu'd-Din Ahmed el EflakT, el 'Arifl. Translated and the Poetry Versified in English. By J. W. Rei>house, M.R.A.S. pp. XV. and 135, v. and 290. 1881. 21s. Easteen Peoveebs and Emblems, Illustrating Old Truths. By the Rev. J. Long, Member of the Bengal Asiatic Society, F.R.G.S. pp. xvi. and 280. 1881. 6s. 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London, E*C, ^ IiTDiAN Poetry. Containing a New Edition of " The Indian Song of Songs," from the Sanskrit of the "Gita Govinda" of Jayadeva ; Two Books from "the Iliad of India" (Mahabharata) ; and other Oriental Poems. By Edwin A.rnold, M.A., C.S.I., Author of " The Light of Asia," etc. pp. viii. and 270. 1881. Is. U. HrxDTJ Philosophy. The Sankhya Karika of Iswara Krishna. An Exposition of the System of Kapila. With an Appendix on the Nyaya and Yaiseshika Systems. By John Davies, M.A. (Cantab.). M.R.A.S. pp. viii. and 152. 1881. 6s. The Eeligions op India. By A. Earth. Authorised Transla- tion by Eev. J. Wood. pp. 336. 1881. 16s. A Manual of Hindu Pantheism. The Vedantasara. Translated with Copious Annotations, by Major G. A. Jacob, Bombay Staff Corps ; Inspector of Army Schools. With a Preface by E. B. Cowell, M.A., Pro- fessor of Sanskrit in the University of Cambridge, pp. x. and 129, 1881. Qs. The Quatrains of Omar KhayyIm. Translated by E. H. "Whinfield, M.A., lateof H.M. Bengal Civil Service, pp. 96. 1881. 5s. The Mind of Mencius ; or, Political Economy founded upon Moral Philosophy. A Systematic Digest of the Doctrine of the Chinese Philosopher Mencius. Translated from the Original Text, and Classified with Comments and Explanations. By the Rev. Ernst Faber, Rhenish Mission Society. Translated from the German with Additional Notes, by the Rev. A. B. Hutchinson, C.M.S., Hong-Kong. pp. xvi. and 294. 1881. 10s. %d. TSUNI-IIGOAM, THE SuPREME BeING OP THE KhOI-KhOI. By ThEO- PHILU8 Hahn, Ph.D., Custodian of the Grey Collection, Cape Town, etc. pp. xii. and 154. 1881. 7s. 6rf. Yusef and Zulaikha. a Poem by Jami. Translated from the Persian into English Verse. By Ralph T. H. Griffith, pp. xiv. and 304. 1882. 8s. M. THE FOLLOWING WORKS ARE IN PREPARATION :— Oeiental Religions in their Relation to Universal Religion. By Samuel Johnson. Second Section — China. In Two Volumes. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Being the Si-yu-ki by HwEN Thsang. Translated from the original Chinese, with Introduction, Index, etc. By Samuel Beal, Trinity College, Cambridge ; Professor of Chinese, University College, London. In Two Vols. The Odes of Hafiz of Shiraz. Translated from the Persian into English Verse by E. H. Palmer, M.A., Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. Indian Tales from Thibetan Sources. Translated from the Thibetan into German by Anton Schiefner. Itendered into English, with Notes, by W. R. S. Ralston. The Six Jewels of the Law. With Pali Texts and English Trans- lation. By R. MoRKis, LL.D. 6 Linguistic Publications of Triibner 8^ Co., The Aphorisms of the Sankhta Philosophy of Kapila. "With Illus- trative Extracts from the Commentaries. By the late J. R. Ballantyne. Second Edition, Edited by Fitzepward Hall. A COMPAEATIYE HiSTOEY OF THE EGYPTIAN AIH) MeSOPOTAMIAN^ RELI- GIONS. By Dr. C. P. Tiele. In Two Volumes. Volume I. History of the Egyptian Eeligion. Translated from the Dutch, with the assistance of the Author. By James Ballingal. Linguistic Essays. By Gael Aeel. Contents.— Language as the expression of National Modes of Thought. — The Conception of Love in some Ancient and Modern Languages. — The English Verbs of Command.— Seniariology. — Philological Methods. — The Connection between Dictionary and Grammar.— The possibility of a Common literary Language for all Slavs. — The Order and Position of Words in the Latin Sentence. — The Coptic Language.— The Origin of Language. The Middle Ejngdom. A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, etc., of the Chinese Empire, and its Inhabitants. By Samuel Wells Williams, LL.D. Fourth Edition. In Two Volumes. SERIALS AND PERIODICALS. Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. — Jouenal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Gkeat Britain and Ireland, from the Com- mencement to 1863. First Series, complete in 20 Vols. 8vo., with many Plates. Price £10; or, in Single Numbers, as follows:— Nos. 1 to 14, 65. each; No. 15j 2 Parts, 4.9. each; No. 16, 2 Parts, 4s. each; No. 17, 2 Parts, 4s. each; No. 18, 6s. These 18 Numbers form Vols. I. to IX.— Vol. X., Part 1, o.p.; Part 2, 5s. ; Part 3, 5s.— Vol. XI., Part 1, 6s. ; Part 2 not published.— Vol. XII., 2 Parts, 6s. each— Vol. XIII., 2 Parts, Ss. each.— Vol. XIV., Parti, 5s. ; Part 2 not published.— Vol. XV., Part 1, 6s. ; Part 2, with 3 Maps, £2 2s. —Vol. XVI., 2 Parts, 6s. each.— Vol. XVII., 2 Parts, 6s. each.— Vol. XVIIL, 2 Parts, 6s. each.— Vol. XIX., Parts 1 to 4, 16s.— Vol. XX., Parts 1 and 2, 4s. each. Part 3, 7s. 6d. Asiatic Society. — Journal oe the Eoyal Asiatic Society of Geeat Britain and Ireland. JVew Series. Vol. I. In Two Parts, pp. iv. and 490, sewed. 1861-5. 16s. Contents — I. Vajra-chhedikS, the "Kin Kong King," or Diamond Sfitra. Translated from the Chinese by the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain, R.N.— II. The PdramitS-hridaya Siatra, or, in Chinese, " Mo ho-po-ye-po-lo-mih-to-sin-king," i.e. "The Great Paramita Heart SQtra." Translated from the Chinese by the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain, R.N.— III. On the Preservation of National Literature in the East. By Colonel F. J. Goldsmid.— IV. On the Agricultural, Commercial, Financial, and Military Statistics of Ceylon. By E. R. Power, Esq.— V. Contributions to a Knowledge of the Vedic Theogony and Mythology. By J. Muir, D.C.L., LL.D.— VI. A Tabular List of Original Works and Translations, published by the late Dutch Government of Ceylon at their Printing Press at Colombo. Compiled by Mr. Mat. P. J. Ondaatje, of Colombo.— VII Assyrian and Hebrew Chronology compared, with a view of showing the extent to which the Hebrew Chronology of Ussher must be modified, in conformity with the Assyrian Canon. By J. W. Bosanquet, Esq.— VIII. On the existing Dictionaries of the Malay Language. By Dr. H. N. van der Tuuk. — IX. Bilingual Readings : Cuneiform and Phoenician. Notes on some Tablets in the British Museum, containing Bilingual Legends (Assyrian and Phoenician). By Major-General Sir H. Rawlinson, K.C.B., Director R. A.S.— X. Translations of Three Copper-plate Inscriptions of the Fourth Century a.d., and Notices of the Chalukya and Gurjjara Dynasties By Professor J . Dowson, Staff College, Sandhurst.— XI. Yama and' the Doctrine of a Future Life, according to the Rig-Yajur-, and Atharva-Vedas. By J. Muir, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D.— XII. On the Jyotisha Observation of the Place of the Colures, and the Date derivable from it. By "William D. Whitney, Esq., Professor of Sanskrit in Yale College, New Haven, U.S.— Note on 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, Londoiiy EX, 7 the preceding Article. By Sir Edward Colebrooke, Bart., M.P., President R.A.S.— XIII. Pro- gress of the Vedic Religion towards Abstract Conceptions of the Deity. By J. Muir, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D.— XIV. Brief Notes on the Age and Authenticity of the Work of Aryabhata» "Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhattotpala, and Bhaskaracharya. By Dr. Bhau Daji, Hono- rary Member R.A.S.— XV. Outlines of a Grammar of the Malagasy Language. By H. N. Van der Tuuk.— XVI. On the Identity of Xandrames and Krananda. By Edward Thomas, Esq. Vol. II. In Two Parts, pp. 522, sewed. 1866-7. I65. Contents. — I. Contributions to a Knowledge of Vedic Theogony and Mythology. No. 2. By J. Muir, Esq. —II. Miscellaneous Hymns from the Rig- and Athai'va-Vedas. By J. Muir> Esq.— III. Five hundred questions on the Social Condition of the Natives of Bengal. By the Rev. J. Long. — IV. Short account of the Malay Manuscripts belonging to the Royal Asiatic Society. By Dr. H. N. van der Tuuk.— V. Translation of tbe Amitabha Sutra from the Chinese. By the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain Royal Navy.— VI. Tbe initial coinage of Bengal. By Edward Thomas, Esq.— VII. Specimens of an Assyrian Dictionary. By Edwin Norris, Esq.— VIII. Ou the Relations of the Priests to the other classes of Indian Society in the Vedic age By J. Muir, Esq.— IX. On the Interpretation of the Veda. By the same.— X. An attempt to Translate from the Chinese a work known as the Confessional Services of the great compassionate Kwun Yin, possessing 1000 hands and 1000 eyes. By the Rev. S. Beal, Chaplain Royal Navy. —XI. The Hymns of the Gaupayanas and the Legend of King Asamati. By Professor Miix Miiller, M.A., Honorary Member Royal Asiatic Society.— XII. Specimen Chapters of an Assyrian Grammar. By the Rev. E. Hincks, D. D., Honorary Member Royal Asiatic Society. Vol.111. In Two Parts, pp. 516, sewed. With Photograph. 1868. 22«. Contents. — I. Contributions towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language. By H. F. Talbot - — II. Remarks on the Indo-Chinese Alphabets. By Dr. A. Bastian.— III. The poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, Arragonese. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— IV. Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts in the Library of King's College, Cambridge. By Edward Henry Palmer, B.A , Scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge ; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society ; Membre de la Society Asiatique de Paris.— V. Description of the Amravati Tope in Guntur. By J. Fergussoii, Esq., F.R.S.— VI. Remarks on Prof. Brockhaus' edition of the Kathasarit-sagara, Lambaka IX. XVHI. By Dr. H. Kern, Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Leyden.— VII. The source of Colebrooke's Essay '• On the Duties of a Faithful Hindu Widow." By Fitzedward Hall, Esq., M.A., D.C.L. Oxon. Supplement: Further detail of proofs that Colebrooke's Essay, "On tiie Duties of a Faithful Hindu Widow," was not indebted to the Vivadabhangarnava. By Fitz- edward Hall, Esq.— VIII. The Sixth Hymn of the First Book of the Rig Veda. By Professor Max Miiller, M.A. Hon. M.R.A.S.— IX. Sassanian Inscriptions. By E. Thomas, Esq.— X. Ac- count of an Embassy from Morocco to Spain in 1690 and 1691. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— XI. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— XII. Materials for the History of Inrlia for the Six Hundred Years of Mohammadan rule, previous to the Foundation of the British Indian Empire. By Major W. Nassau Lees, LL.D., Ph.D.— XIII. A Few Words concerning the Hill people inhabiting the Forests of the Cochin State. By Captain G. E. Fryer, Madras Staff Corps, M.R.A.S.— XIV. Notes on the Bhojpurl Dialect of Hindi, spoken in Western Behar. By John Beames, Esq., B.C.S., Magistrate of Chumparun. Vol. IV. In Two Parts, pp. 521, sewed. 1869-70. I65. Contents.— I. Contribution towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language, By H. F. Talbot. Part II.— II. On Indian Chronology. By J. Fergusson, Esq., F.R.S.— III. The Poetry ol Mohamed Rabadan of Arragon. By the Hon. H. E. J. Stanley.— IV. On the M agar Language of Nepal. By John Beames, Esq., B.C.S. — V. Contributions to the Knowledge of Parsee Lite- rature. By Edward Sachau, Ph.D.— VI. Illustrations of the Lamaist System in Tibet, drawn from Chinese Sources. By Wm. Frederick Mayers, Esq., of H.B.M. Consular Service, China. — VII. Khuddaka Pdtha, a Pdli Text, with a Translation and Notes. By R. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service. — VIII. An Endeavour to elucidate Rashiduddin's Geographical Notices of India. By Col. H. Yule, C.B.— IX. Sassanian Inscriptions explained by the Pahlavi of the Parsis. By E. W. West, Esq.— X. Some Account of the Senbya Pagoda at MengQn, near the Burmese Capital, in a Memorandum by Capt. E. H. Sladan, Political Agent at Mandale; with Remarks on the Subject by Col. Henry Yule, C.B. — XI. The Brhat-Sanhita ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-Mihira. Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern. -XII. The Mohammedan Law of Evidence, and its influence on the Administration of Justice in India. By N. B, E. Baillie, Esq.— XIII. The Mohammedan Law of Evidence in con- nection with the Administration of Justice to Foreigners. By N. B. E. Baillie, Esq.— XIV. A Translation of a Bactrian Pdli Inscription. By Prof. J. Dowson.- XV. Indo-Parthian Coins By E. Thomas, Esq. Vol. V. In Two Parts, pp. 463, sewed. With 10 full-page and folding Plates. 1871-2. \%s.M. Contents.— I. Two JStakas. The original Pdli Text, with an English Translation. By V» Fausboll.— II. On an Ancient Buddhist Inscription at Keu-yung kwan, in North China. By A. Wylie.— III. The Brhat Sanhita ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-Mihira Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern.— IV. The Pongol Festival in Southern India. By Charles E. Cover.- V. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley.— VI. Essay on the Creed and Customs of the Jangains. By Charles P. Brown.— VII. On Malabar, Coromandel, Quilon, etc. By C. P. Brown.— VIII. On the Treatment of the Nexus in the Neo-Aryan Languages of India. By John Beames, B.C.S. — IX. Some Remarks on the Great Tope at Sanchi. By the Rev. S. Beal.— X. Ancient Inscriptions S. Linguistic Publications of Trubner 8f Co,, from Jlathura. Translated by Professor J. Dowson.— Note to the Mathura Inscriptions. By Major-General A. Cunningham. — XI. Specimen of a Translation of the Adi Granth. By Dr. Ernest Trumpp.— XII. Notes on Dbammapada, with Special Reference to the Question of Nir- Tana, By K. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service,— XIII. The Brhat-Sanhita ; or. Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-mihira. Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern. — XIV. On the Origin of the Buddhist Arthakathas. By the Mudliar L. Comrilla Vijasinha, Government Interpreter to the Ratnapura Court, Ceylon. With an Introduction by R. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service. — XV. The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley. — XVI, Provei'bia Communia Syriaca. By Captain R. F. Burton,- -XVII. Notes on an Ancient Indian Vase, with an Account of the En- ^aving thereupon. By Charles Home, M, R. A, S., late of the Bengal Civil Service, — XVIII. The Bhar Tribe, By the Rev. M. A. Sherring, LL.D., Benares. Communicated by C. Home, M.R.A,S,, late B,C,S.— XIX, Of Jihad in Mohammedan Law, and its application to British India, By N. B. E, Baillie,— XX, Comments on Recent Pehlvi Decipherments. With an Inci- dental Sketch of the Derivation of Aryan Alphabets, And Contributions to the Early History and Geography of Tabaristdn. Illustrated by Coins. By E. Thomas, F.R.S. Vol. VI., Part 1, pp. 212, sewed, with two plates and a map. 1872. 8«. Contents. — The Ishmaelites, and the Arabic Tribes who Conquered their Country. By A. Sprenger.— A Brief Account of Four Arabic Works on the History and Geography of Arabia. By Captain S. B. Miles.— On the Methods of Disposing of the Dead at Llassa, Thibet, etc. By Charles Home, late B.C.S. The Brhat-Sanhita; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-mihira, Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Kern.— Notes on Hwen Thsang's Account of the Principalities of Tokharistan, in which some Previous Geographical Identifications are Reconsidered. By Colonel Yule, C.B.— The Campaign of JElius Gallus in Arabia. By A. Sprenger.— An Account of Jerusalem, Translated for the late Sir H.M.Elliot from the Persian Text of NSsir ibn Khusrd's Safanamah by the late Major A, R. Fuller, — The oetry of Mohamed Rabadan, of Arragon. By the Right Hon, Lord Stanley of Alderley. Vol. VI., Part IT., pp. 213 to 400 and Ixxxiv., sewed. Illustrated with a Map. Plates, and Woodcuts. 1873. 8s. Contents, — On Hiouen-Thsang's Journey from Patna to Ballabhi. By James Fergusson, D,C,L., F.R.S. —Northern Buddhism. [Note from Colonel H. Yule, addressed to the Secretary.] — Hwen Thsang's Account of the Principalities of Tokharistan, etc. By Colonel H. Yule, C,B. — The Brhat-Saiihita; or. Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-mihira. Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H, Kern. — The Initial Coinage of Bengal, under the Early Muhammadan Conquerors. Part II. Embracing the preliminary period between a.h. 614-634 (a.d. 1217-1236-7). By Edward Thomas, F.R.S.— The Legend of Dipankara Buddha. Translated from the Chinese (and intended to illustrate Plates xxix. and l., 'Tree and Serpent Worship '). By S. Beal.— Note on Art, IX., ant6 pp, 213-274, on Hiouen-Thsang's Journey from Patna to Ballabhi. By James Fergusson D.C.L,, F,R,S,— Contributions towards a Glossary of the Assyrian Language, By H, F. Talbot. Vol. VII., Parti., pp. 170 and 24, sewed. With a plate. 1874. 8s. Contents.— The Upasampadd-Katnmavacd, being the Buddhist Manual of the Form and Manner of Ordering of Priests and Deacons. The Pali Text, with a Translation and Notes. By J, F. Dickson, B.A., sometime Student of Christ Church, Oxford, now of the Ceylon Civil Service,— Notes on the Megalithic Monuments of the Coimbatore District, Madras. By M. J. Walhouse, late Madras C.S.— Notes on the Sinhalese Language. No. I. On the Formation of the Plural of Neuter Nouns. By R, C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service.— The Pali Text of the Mnhdparinibhdna Sutfa and Commentary, with a Translation. By R. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service.— The Brihat-Sanhita ; or. Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varaha-mihira, Translated from Sanskrit into English by Dr. II, Kern, — Note on the Valley of Choombi. By Dr. A. Campbell, late Superintendent of Darjeeling. — The Name of the Twelfth Imdm on the Coinage of Egypt, By H. Sauvaire and Stanley Lane Poole.— Three Inscriptions of Parakrama Bahu the Great from Pulastipura, Ceylon (date circa 1180 a. u.). By T. W. Rhys Davids.— Of the KharSj or Muhammadan Land Tax ; its Application to British India, and Effect on the Tenure of Land. By N. B, E. Baillie.— Appendix : A Specimen of a Byriac Version of the Kalilah wa-Dimnah, with an English Translation. By W. Wright. Vol. VII., Part II., pp. 191 to 394, sewed. With seven plates and a map. 1875. 8« Contents.— Sigiri, the Lion Rock, near Pulastipura, Ceylon ; and the Thirty-nintb Chapter of the Mahavamsa. By T. W. Rhys Davids.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part I. The Origines of the Mongols. By H. H, Howorth,— Inedited Arabic Coins. By Stanley Lan- Poole.— Notice on the Dinars of the Abbasside Dynasty. By Edward Thomas Rogers.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part II. The Origines of the Manchus. By H, H, Howorth. —Notes on the Old Mongolian Capital of Shangtu. By S. W. Bushell, B.Sc, M,D,— Oriental Proverbs in their Relations to Folklore, History, Sociology ; with Suggestions for their Collec- tion, Interpretation, Publication, By the Rev, J, Long,— Two Old Simhalese Inscriptions, The Sahasa Malla Inscription, date 1200 a.d., and the Ruwanwseli Dagaba Inscription, date 1191 a,d. Text, Translation, and Notes. By T, W, Rhys Davids.- Notes on a Bactrian Pali Inscription and the Samvat Era. By Prof. J. Dowson.— Note on a Jade Drinking Vessel of the Emperor Jahdngir. By Edward Thomas, F.R.S. Vol. VIII., Part I., pp. 156, sewed, with three plates and a plan. 1876. 8j. Contents. — Catalogue of Buddhist Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Possession of the Royal Asiatic Society (Hodgson Collection). By Professors E. B. Cowell and J. Eggeling.— On the 57 and 59, Ludgate Hilly London^ E. C. 9 Ruins of Sigiri in Ceylon. By T. H. Blakesley, Esq., Public Works Department, Ceylon.— The Patimokkha, being the Buddhist Office of the Confession of Priests. The Pali Text, with a Translation, and Notes. By J. F. Dickson, M.A., sometime Student of Christ Church, Oxford, now of the Ceylon Civil Service. — Notes on the Sinhalese Language. No. 2. Proofs of the Sanskritic Origin of Sinhalese. By R. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service. Vol. VIII., Part II., pp. 157-308, sewed. 1876. 8s. CoNTKNTS.— An Account of the Island of Bali. By B,. Friederich.— The Pali Text of the Mah&- parinibbana Sutta and Commentary, with a Translation. By R. C. Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part III. The Kara Khitai. By H. H. Howorth.— Inedited Arabic Coins. II. By Stanley Lane Poole.— On the Form of Government under the Native Sovereigns of Ceylon. By A. de Silva Ekanayaka, Mudaliyar of the Depart- ment of Public Instruction, Ceylon. Vol. IX., Fart I., pp. 156, sewed, with a plate. 1877. 8s. Contents.— Baetrian Coins and Indian Dates. By E. Thomas, F.R.S.— The Tenses of the Assyrian Verb. By the Rev. A. H. Sayce, M.A. — An Account of the Island of Bali. By R. rriederich (continued from Vol. VIII. n.s. p. 218).— On Ruins in Makran. By Major Mockler. —Inedited Arabic Coins. III. By Stanley Lane Poole,— Further Note on a Bactrian Pali Inscrip- tion and the Samvat Era. By Prof. J. Dowson. — Notes on Persian Beluchistan. From the Persian of Mirza Mehdy Kh4n. By A. H. Schindler. Vol IX., Part II., pp. 292, sewed, with three plates. 1877. \Qs.6d. Contents.— The Early Faith of Asoka. By E. Thomas, F.R.S.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part II. The Manchus (Supplementary Notice). Bv H. H. Howorth.— The Northern Frontagers of China. Part IV. The Kin or Golden Tatars. By H. H. Howorth. -On a Treatise on Weights and Measures by Eliva, Archbishop of Nislbin. By M. H. Sauvaire.— On Imperial and other Titles. By Si' T. E. Colebrooke, Bart., M. P.— Affinities of the Dialects of the Chepang 4ind Kusundah Tribes of Nipal with those of the Hill Tribes of Arracan. By Captain C. J. F. Forbes F.R.G.S , M.A.S. Bengal, etc.— Notes on Some Antiquities found in a Mound near Damghan. By A. H. Schindler. Vol. X., Part I., pp. 156, sewed, with two plates and a map. 1878. 8s. Contents. — On the Non-Aryan Languages of India. By E. L. Brandreth, Esq.— A Dialogue on the Vedantic Conception of Brahma. By Pramada Dasa Mittra, late Officiating Professor of Anglo-Sanskrit, Government College, Benares.— An Account of the Island of Bali. By R. Friederich (continued from Vol. IX. N. S. p. 120).— Unpublished Glass Weights and Measures. By Edward Thomas Rogers.— China via Tibet. By S. C. 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Bard wan, Birbh An Arabic Encylopaedia of Universal Knowledge, by Butrus-al-Bustany, the celebrated compiler of Mohit ul Mohit (Lu.sM li-.sr^), and Katr el Mohit (Lu.sM iii). This work will be completed in from 12 to 15 Vols., of which yols. I. to III. are ready, Vol. I. contains letter \ to C-^1 ; Vol. II. C_->] to jl; Vol. III. J\ to cl Vol. IV. d to ^\ Small folio, cloth, pp. 800 each. £\ lis. U. per Vol. Cotton. — Arabic Primer. Consisting of 180 Short Sentences contain- ing 30 Primary Words prepared according to the Vocal System of Studying Language. By General Sir Arthur Cotton, K.C.S.I. Or. 8vo. cloth, pp» 38. 2*. Hassoun. — The Diwan of Hatim Tai. An Old Arabic Poet of the Sixth Century of the Christian Era. Edited by R. Hassoun. With Illustra- tions. 4to. pp. 43. 3s. 6rf. Jami, MuUa. — Salaman TJ Absal. 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Being an Attempt to Discover a Few Simple Principles in Arabic Grammar. By G. W. Leitner. Svo. sewed, pp. 52 Lahore. 4s. 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London, E. C. 45 Morley. — A Descriptive Catalogue of the Historical Manuscripts in the Arabic and Persian Languages preserved in the Library of the Eoyal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. By William H. Morley, M.R.A.S. 8vo. pp. viii. and 160, sewed. London, 1854. 2s. Qd. Muhammed. — The Life op Mtjhammed. Based on Muhammerl Ibn Ishak. By Abd El Malik Ibn Hisham. Edited by Dr. Ferdinand Wusten- FELD. The Arabic Text. 8vo. pp. 1026, sewed. Price 21s. Introduction, Notes, and Index in German. 8vo. pp. Ixxii. and 266, sewed. Is. M. Each part sold separately. The text based on the Manuscripts of the Berlin, Leipsic, Gotha and Leyden Libraries, has teen carefully revised by the learned editor, and printed with the utmost exactness. Newman. — A Hajtdbook of Modern- Arabic, consisting of a Practical Grammar, with numerous Examples, Dialogues, and Newspaper Extracts, in a European Type. By F. W. Newman, Emeritus Professor of University College, London ; formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Post Svo. pp. XX. and 192, cloth. London, 1866. 6s. Newman. — A Dictioj^art of Moderi^ Arabic — 1. Anglo- Arabic Dictionary. 2. Anglo-Arabic Vocabulary. 3. Arabo-English Dictionary. By F. W. Newman, Emeritus Professor of University College, London. In 2 vols, crown Syc, pp. xvi. and 376—464, cloth. £1 \s. Palmer. — The Song of the Reed; and other Pieces. By E. H. Palmer, M.A., Cambridge. Crown Svo. cloth, pp. 208. 1876. bs. Among the Contents will be found translations from Hafiz, from Omer el Kheiydm, and from other Persian as well as Arabic poets. Palmer. — Hindustani, Persian, and Arabic Grammar Simplified. B. E. H. Palmer. M.A., Professor of Arabic at the University of Cambridge, and Examiner in Hindustani for H.M. Civil Service Commissioners. Crown Svo. Bogers. — Notice on the Dinars of the Abbasside Dynasty. By Edward Thomas Rogers, late H.M. Consul, Cairo. Svo. pp. 44, with a Map and four Autotype Plates. 5«. Schemeil. — El Mitbtaker; or, First Born. (In Arabic, printed at Beyrout). Containing Five Comedies, called Comedies of Fiction, on Hopes and Judgments, in Twenty-six Poems of 1092 Verses, showing the Seven Stages of Life, from man's conception unto his death and burial. By Emin Ibrahim Schemeil. In one volume, 4to. pp. 166, sewed. 1870. 5s. Syed Ahmad. — A Series of Essays on thk Life of Mohammed, and Subjects subsidiary thereto. By Syed Ahmad Khan Bahador, C.S.L, Author of the "Mohammedan Commentary on the Holy Bible," Honorary Member of the Royal Asiatic Society, and Life Honorary Secretary to the Allygurh Scientific Society. Svo. pp. 532, with 4 Genealogical Tables, 2 Maps, and a Coloured Plate, handsomely bound in cloth. 1870. £1 IQs. ASSAMESE. Bronson. — A Dictionary in Assamese and English. Compiled by M Bronson, American Baptist Missionary. Svo. calf, pp. viii. and 609. £2 2s. 45 . Linguistic Publications of Truhner 8f Co, ASSYRIAN (Cuneiform, Accad, Babylonian). Budge. — AssYEiAN Texts, Selected and Arranged, with Philologica Notes. By Ernest A. Budge, M.R.A.S., Assyrian Exhibitioner, Christ^ College, Cambridge. (New Volume of the Archaic Classics.) Crown 4to. cloth pp. viii. and 44. 1880. Is. e>d. Bupge. — The Histoey of Esarhaddon-. See ** Triibner's Oriental Series," p. 4. Catalogue (A), of leading Books on Egypt and Egyptology, and on Assyria and Assyriology, to be had at the affixed prices, of Triibner and Co. pp. 40. 1880. U. Clarke. — "Researches in Pre-histoeic and Proto-historic Compara- tive Philology, Mythology, and Archeology, in connexion with the- Origin of Culture in America and the Accad or Sumerian Families. By Hyde Clarke. Demy 8vo. sewed, pp. xi. and 74. 1875. 2s. 6d. Cooper. — An Archaic Dictionary, Biographical, Historical and Mytho- logical ; from the Egyptian and Etruscan Monuments, and Papyri. By W. R. Cooper. London, 1876. 8vo. cloth. I5s. Hincks. — Specimen Chapters of an Assyrian Grammar. By the late Eev. E. Hincks, D.D., Hon. M.R.A.S. 8vo., sewed, pp. 44. Is. Lenormant (F.) — Chaldean Magic; its Origin and Development. Translated from the French. With considerable Additions by the Author.. London, 1877. 8vo. pp. 440. I2s. Luzzatto. — Grammar of the Biblical Chaldaic Language and the Talmud Babylonical Idioms. By S. D. Luzzatto. Translated from the Italian by J. S. Goldammer. Cr. 8vo. cl., pp. 122. 7s. Qd. Rawlinson. — Notes on the Early History of Babylonia. By Colonel Rawlinson, C.B. 8vo. sd., pp. 48. Is. Rawlinson. — A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Babylonia and Assyria, including Readings of the Inscription on the Nimrud Obelisk, and Brief Notice of the Ancient Kings of Nineveh and Babylon, by Major H. C. Rawlinson. 8vo. pp. 84, sewed. London, 1850. 2s. fid. Rawlinson. — Inscription of Tiglath Pileser I., King of Assyria, B.C. 1150, as translated by Sir H. Rawlinson, Fox Talbot, Esq., Dr. Hincks and Dr. Oppert. Published by the Royal Asiatic Society. 8vo. sd., pp. 74. 2s* Rawlinson. — Outlines of Assyrian History, from the Inscriptions of Nineveh. By Lieut. Col. Rawlinson, C.B. , followed by some Remarks by A. H. Layard, Esq., D.C.L. 8vo., pp. xliv., sewed. London, 1852. Is. Records of the Past : heing English Translations of the Assyrian and the Egyptian Monuments. Published under the sanction of the Society of Bibhcal Archaeology. Edited by S. Birch. Vols. 1 to 9. 1874 to 1879. £1 Us. ed. or 3s. ed. each vol. . The Same. Vol.1. Assyrian Texts, 1. Crown 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6c?. Contents: {Second Edition.) Inscription of Rimmon-Nirari ; Monolith Inscription of Samas-Rimmon ; Babylonian Exorcisms ; Private Will of Sennacherib ; Assyrian Private Contract Tablets ; Assyrian Astronomical Tablets ; Assyrian Calendar ; Tables of Assyrian Weights and Measures. By Rev. A. H. Sayce, M, A.— Inscription of Khammurabi; Bel- lino's Cylinder of Sennacherib ; Taylor's Cylinder of Sennacherib ; Legend of the Descent of Ishtar. By H. Fox Talbot, F.R.'S.— Annals of Assurbanipal (Cylinder A), By George Smith.— Behistun Inscription of Darius. By Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., D.C.L.— Lists of further Texts, Assyrian and Egyptian, Selected by George Smith and P. Le Page Kenouf. 67 and 59, Ludgate Mill, London, E. 0. 47 ■ The Same. Vol. III. Assyrian Texts, 2. Crown 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6rf. Contents: Early History of Babylonia. By George Smith - Tablet of Ancient Aceadian Laws ; Synchronous History of Assyria and Babylonia ; Kurkh Inscription of Shalmaneser ; An Aceadian Liturgy; Babylonian Charms. By Rev. A. H. Sayce, M.A,— Inscription of Assur-nasir-pal. By Rev. J. M. Rodwell. M.A. —Inscription of Esarhaddon ; Second Inscription of Esarhaddon; Sacred Assyrian Poetry. By H. F. Talbot, F.R.S,— List of further Texts. The Same. Vol. V. Assyrian Texts, 3. Crown 8vo. cloth. Zs. %d. Contents : Legend of the infancy of Sargina I. ; Inscription of Nabonidus. Inscription of Darius at Nakshi-Rustara ; War of the Seven Evil Spirits against Heaven. By H. F. Talbot, F.R.S. -Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I. By Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., D.C.L., etc. Black Obelisk Inscription of Shalmaneser II. ; Aceadian Hymn to Istar ; Tables of Omens. By Rev. A, H. Sayce, M.A.— Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser II.; Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar; Inscription of Neriglissar. By Rev. J. M. Rodwell, M.A. —Early History of Babylonia, Part II. By George Smith.— List of further Texts. The Same. Vol. VII. Assyrian Texts, 4. Crown 8yo. cloth. 3s. Qd. Contents: Inscription of Agukak-rimi; Legend of the Tower of Babel. By W. St. Chad Boscawen.— Standard Inscription of Ashur-akh-bal ; Monolith of Ashur-akh-bal ; A Prayer and a Vision ; Senkereh Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar ; Birs-Nimrud Inscription of Nebuchadnezzar; The Revolt in Heaven. By H. Fox Talbot, F.R.S.— Annals of Sargon; Susian Texts ; Median Version of the Behistun Inscription ; Three Assyrian Deeds. By Dr. Julius Oppert. Bull Inscription of Sennacherib. By Rev. J. M. Rodwell, M.A.— Ancient Babylonian Moral and Political Precepts; Aceadian Penitential Psalm; Baby- lonian Samts' Calendar. By Rev. A. H. Sayce, M. A.— Eleventh Tablet of the Izdubar Legends. By the late George Smith.— Lists of further Texts. . The Same. Vol. IX. Assyrian Texts, 6. Crown Svo. cloth. 3s. &d, Contents : Great Inscription in the Palace of Khorsabad ; Inscriptions of the Persian Monarchs; Inscription on the Sarcophagus of King Esmunazar. By Prof. Dr. Julius Oppert.— The Bavian Inscription of Sennacherib. 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