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COMPLETE GUIDE 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ART OF WRITING 
 
 S H R T-H AND: 
 
 BEING 
 AN ENTIRELY NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM 
 
 OP 
 
 REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 English Language in Stenographic Characters ; 
 
 BT MEANS OF WHICH, THE EXACT WORDS OF ANY PUBLIC SPEAKEE MAT 
 
 BE RECORDED AS PRONOUNCED, AND PRESERVED IN A LEGIBLE 
 
 FORM, SO AS TO BE READ AT ANY FUTURE PERIOD, WITH 
 
 THE UTMOST DEGREE OF EASE AND FACILITY. 
 
 Prepared expressly for the use of Schools and Private Tuition. 
 
 BY T. TOWNDROW, 
 professor of Stertoflraphg. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 F. J. HUNTINGTON AND Co., 
 
 174 Pearl Street. 
 
 1841. 
 
Enteeed 
 
 according to Act of Congress, in the year 1837, by 
 
 THOMAS TOWNDROW, 
 
 m the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 
 
 STEBEOTVPED BT 
 
 FBAKC18 T. RIFtET, 
 
 HEW-TORK. 
 
SQ 
 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The Author of this treatise is exceedingly gratified in be- 
 ing able to present to the public another edition of his work 
 on the Science of Stenography. The extraordinary patron- 
 age which he has thankfully received from the literary 
 public, has made it not only the Author's interest but his duty 
 £2 and a pleasure to revise and amend the work. To ensure 
 ^ the permanency of its character the whole has been stereo 
 >• typed, so that purchasers may hereafter expect the work 
 S? CMily in its present form. The writer has diligently studied 
 b« to render this science simple and easy of acquirement, and 
 "-' if any thing will add to his satisfaction, it will be to leam 
 that he has succeeded in exciting an interest for and extend- 
 5 ing the knowledge of a science of such exalted utility. In 
 A these pages will be found all that is necessary to make an 
 z accomplished stenographer without the aid of an instructor. 
 
 As the purchaser of this treatise may probably be l«d to 
 inquii^ what are the advantages which the Author claims 
 over the numerous publications that have preceded it on the 
 d same subject, he wLU endeavor to point out in as brief a 
 p manner as possible some of the difficulties which have pre- 
 sented themselves to those who have acquired or attempted 
 to acquire proficiency in this pleasing and very useful ac- 
 complishment, and the method which he has pursued to 
 avoid them. 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 One of the impediments which has considerably retarded 
 the progress and the success of those who have paid atten- 
 tion to this science, has been the want of a sufficient quan- 
 tity of exercises, for practice in writing, as well as from not 
 introducing such words and sentences as are best suited to 
 the different stages of advancement which they must neces- 
 sarily go through, to attain proficiency in any system. 
 
 Another objection attributable to the various publications 
 designed for self-instruction is, that the rules and directions, 
 intended as a guide to the Learner, are very seldom express- 
 ed in terms sufficiently clear to be comprehended, except by 
 those already acquainted with the Art. In removing these 
 objections, the Author hopes his effisrts have not been 
 altogether unsuccessful. To remedy them he has introduced 
 a complete course of exercises, as practised by pupils who 
 put themselves under his instruction; embracing in each 
 from fifty to two himdred examples for the student's practice, 
 and accompanied by such explanations, as he has deemed 
 necessary to render the whole easy to be understood. 
 
 The third and greatest evil which has been so imiversally 
 adopted in all former systems of Stenography with which 
 the Author has become acquainted (about fifty in number) 
 is that of representing the vowels and diphthongs, by the use 
 of dots, commas, 6fC. 
 
 Mr. Molineux, in his system, represents all the vowels by 
 a dot, to which he assigns five distinct places ; thus ./^ when 
 preceding a semicircle, and thus ■; | when preceding a line, 
 as in '\at,'\et,-\it,.\ot, }ut, <^c., writing the word moat 
 thus '7| where it is to be observed that the dot representing 
 is made somewhat larger than that for a, to show in deci- 
 phering, that it must be read first. 
 
 Mr. M. T. C. Gould, formerly of Philadelphia, in his abridg- 
 ment of Taylor's system, also represents the vowels by a 
 single point, thereby rendering it indispensably necessary in 
 the expression of some words, for the pen to be taken ofi" the 
 paper nearly as many times as the number of letters he makes 
 
PREFACE. X 
 
 use of in spelling the same, as may be observed by a refer- 
 ence to the above work, where the following, and many 
 similar examples may be found p,j beold for behold; 'V 
 evry for every. 
 
 Mr, Gurney in his alphabet has appropriated characters 
 to represent the vowels, but makes use of them only when 
 standing alone, or when joined to other letters at the begin- 
 ning of a word: indeed their forms are such as would scarce- 
 ly admit of their being introduced in any other situation. 
 Mr. G. represents the vowels when in the middle or at the 
 end of a word, in the following manner — " There are six 
 vowels," says he, "viz — c, e, t, o, u and y; when they end 
 words they are expressed by dots differently placed viz — a 
 and e even with the top of the letter, i and y with the mid- 
 dle, and and w with the bottom; as for example, "]' ba, be, 
 y, bi, by, ^ bo, bu. When the vowel does not end the word, 
 it is expressed by the succeeding consonant," (i. e. by draw- 
 ing the point of the following consonant from the place which 
 the vowel would have occupied, had it been written at the 
 end of a word;) " thus/^ sal, sel; /^ sil, syl ; /^ sol, suL 
 When two vowels come together, the first must be expressed 
 by a dot, the other by the succeeding consonant, thus, <^. '. 
 poet ; i^*_ lion ; "j- / bias, &c. 
 
 Several of the difficulties which frequently arise from the 
 practice of expressing the vowels and diphthongs by the use 
 of points, &c., are thus correctly exposed by Mr. Lewis, in 
 his work on Stenography, entitled the " Ready Writer, or 
 NE PLUS ITLTEA of Short Hand." 
 
 " I have seen a few modem systems, wherein the inter- 
 mediate vowels are discarded, and a single point only re- 
 tained to express the whole of the initial, and final vowels : 
 this point is directed to be placed just in the centre of the 
 line, leaving it to the sagacity of the reader to find out which 
 of the vowels it is meant to represents And moreover, the 
 writer is directed to omit all vowels in expeditious writing, 
 and leave it to the context to supply these defects. It is evi- 
 
yi PREFACE. 
 
 dent, however, that these rules must tend to throw the grea^ 
 est obscurity upon the writing, and render it impossible to 
 be read at a distance of time ; for by this mode they never 
 can show where there is a diphthong omitted, nor give the 
 letters of it, which are sometimes very necessary : no tech- 
 nical terms, no names of persons, places or things can be 
 written in it, where any vowels must intervene, to give the 
 sense." 
 
 " The only reasons I can conceive, why this method of 
 pointing for the vowels has been so universally adopted, are 
 the want of a proper investigation of the simple marks which 
 nature affords, or, that apparent conciseness has hitherto 
 been taken for real brevity. Nevertheless, it is obvious that 
 those marks which seem to occupy the least space, are not 
 always in reality, the shortest, or the most conducive to ex- 
 pedition. The mode of expressing the Stenographic vowels, 
 therefore, by means of points, is not only an enemy to legi- 
 bility, but is also calculated to destroy the purpose of expedi- 
 tion. This will appear more evident when we consider — 
 
 " First. That if the pen be moved to the right or to the 
 left, from a dot towards a stroke, or from a stroke towards 
 a dot, it describes a line, whether that line be visible or not ; 
 thus in making ' | , the pen describes the character ~\ ; in 
 writing | * the character y ; in forming c^ the mark '^ ; 
 in making \^ the figure n)4 , &c. 
 
 " Secondly. That as the motion from point to point is 
 less rapid, because less direct, through the air than upon the 
 paper itself, there is as much time lost by the sudden stop 
 aad taking off the pen, passing over the detached space, and 
 putting it down again, as in the formation of two (and often 
 times of three) characters. Thus a detached particle occu- 
 pies as much time in writing, as if the word were written 
 (by characters) at full length. It has therefore appeared ab- 
 solutely necessary that the vowel points, so predominant in 
 other systems, should be entirely rejected, and another kind 
 of substitute provided for them." 
 
FSEFACE. VU 
 
 It certainly appears very singular, that Mr. Lewis, who 
 after so clearly pointing out the defects of other systems 
 relative to the method of expressing the vowels, by the use 
 of dots and commas, should himself, in a great measure, run 
 into the very same error; for notwithstanding these remarks, 
 Mr. L. makes use of a dot for the first two vowels, a and e, 
 and a comma for the fourth and fifth vowels, o and u ; thus 
 adopting the very plan, which, to use his own words, should 
 be entirely rejected. 
 
 Again, he says, " by this arrangement, all those difficulties 
 and dislocations already mentioned, in expressing the vowels 
 in order to convey the sound of the word, are avoided;" his 
 practice, however, exhibits a complete contradiction, for in 
 his specimen of the Lord's Prayer he places the vowels e and 
 0, near, not joined, to the consonants. 
 
 To obviate the many evils attending the method of ex- 
 pressing the vowels by means of points, the Author of this 
 treatise Itas provided another kind of substitute ; viz. several 
 simple characters, which easily combine with any other let- 
 ter, without lifting the pen, and that not only represent the 
 vowels and diphthongs, but are also capable of conveying the 
 exact sound which those vowels and diphthongs express, in 
 the pronunciation of any word. 
 
 The Author, having stated his reasons for essentially di^ 
 fering from several of the principles adopted in former sys- 
 tems of Stenography, and for having laid before the public 
 his New and Improved Method, wishes to engage the atten- 
 tion of the purchaser to some of the great advantages result- 
 ing from the practice of Short-Hand writing, which are thus 
 eloquently and forcibly expressed by Mr. Gawtress, (a steno- 
 grapher of great celebrity) in his introduction to the science, 
 upon the principles of the late Dr. Byrom. 
 
 " Thousands who look upon this art with the utmost in- 
 difference, are daily reaping the fruits of its cultivation. It 
 is scarcely necessary to mention how indispensable it is in 
 taking minutes of public proceedings. If all the feelings of 
 
Vm PREFACE. 
 
 a patriot glow in our bosoms on a perusal of those eloquent 
 speeches which are delivered in the Senate, * * 
 * * we owe it to short-hand. If new fervor be added to 
 our devotion, and an additional stimulus be imparted to our 
 exertions as Christians, by the eloquent appeals and encour- 
 aging statements made at the aimiversaries of our religious 
 societies — we owe it to short-hand. If we have an oppor- 
 tunity, in interesting judicial cases, of examining the evi- 
 dence, and learning the proceediags, with as much certainty 
 and nearly as much minuteness, as if we had been present on 
 the occasions — we owe it to short-hand. In short, all those 
 brilliant and spirit-stirring effusions which the circumstances 
 of the present times combine to draw forth, and which the 
 press transmits to us with such astonisliing celerity, warm 
 from the lips, and instinct with the soul of the speaker, 
 would have been entirely lost to posterity, and comparative- 
 ly little known to ourselves, had it not been for the facilities 
 afforded to their preservation by short-hand. 
 
 " Were the operations of those who are professionally en- 
 gaged in exercising this art, to be suspended but for a single 
 week, a blank would be left in the political and judicial his- 
 tory of our coimtry, an impulse would be wanting to the pub- 
 lic mind, and the nation would be taught to feel and acknow- 
 ledge the important purposes it answers in the great busi- 
 ness of life. 
 
 " A practical acquaintance with this art is highly favora- 
 ble to the improvement of the mind, invigorating all its fac- 
 ulties, and drawing forth all its resources. The close atten- 
 tion requisite in following the voice of a speaker, induces 
 habits of patience, perseverance, and watchfulness, which 
 will gradually extend themselves to other pursuits and avo- 
 cations, and at length inure the writer to exercise them on 
 every occasion in life. When writing in public, it will also 
 be absolutely necessary to distinguish and adhere to the train 
 of thought which runs through the discourse, and to observe 
 the modes of its connection. This will naturally have a ten- 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 dency to endue the mind with quickness of apprehension, and 
 will impart an habitual readiness and distinctness of percep- 
 tion, as well as a methodical simplicity of arrangement, 
 which cannot fail to conduce greatly to mental superiority. 
 The judgment will be strengthened and the taste refined ; 
 and the practitioner will by degrees become habituated to 
 seize the original and leading parts of a discourse or ha- 
 rangue, and to reject whatever is commonplace, trivial, or 
 uninteresting." 
 
 " The rapidity with which it enables a person to commit 
 his thoughts to the safety of manuscript, also renders it an 
 object peculiarly worthy of regard. By this means a thot>" 
 sand ideas which daily strike us, and which are lost before 
 we can record them in the usual way, i lay be snatched from 
 destruction, and preserved till mature deliberation can ripen 
 and perfect them." 
 
 " The facility it affords to the acquisition of learning ought 
 to render it an indispensable branch in the education of 
 youth. To be enabled to treasure up for future study the 
 substance of lectures, sermons, &c., is an accomplishment 
 attended with so many evident advantages, that it stands in 
 no need of recommendation. Nor is it a matter of small 
 importance that, by this art, the youthful student is furnish- 
 ed with an easy means of making a number of valuable ex- 
 tracts in the moments of leisure, and of thus laying up a 
 stock of knowledge for his future occasions. The pursuit of 
 this art also materially contributes to improve the student in 
 the principles of grammar and composition. While study- 
 ing the rules of abbreviation and connection ; while tracing 
 the various forms of expression by which the same sentiment 
 can be conveyed; and while endeavoring to represent, by 
 modes of contraction, the dependence of one word on another, 
 he is insensibly initiated in the science of universal language, 
 and particularly in the knowledge of his native tongue." 
 
 " The advantages of short-hand, in cases where secrecy is 
 required, are sufficiently obvious. It is true, that when a 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 system is made public, this effect is partially destroyed. Yet 
 it seldoms happens that stenographic memoranda fall into 
 the hands of those who can read them ; and when the wri- 
 ter has any reason to anticipate such an occurrence, it will 
 be easy, after learning a good system, so to transpose a few 
 of the Arbitraries, as to render the writing illegible to all 
 but himself. 
 
 " The memory is also improved by the practice of steno- 
 graphy. The obligation the writer is under, to retain in his 
 mind the last sentence of the speaker, at the same time that 
 he is carefully attending to the following one, must be high- 
 ly beneficial to that faculty, which, more than any other, 
 owes its improvement to exercise. And so much are the 
 powers of retention strengthened and expanded by this exer- 
 tion, that a practical stenographer will frequently recollect 
 more without writing, than a person unacquainted with the 
 art, could copy in the time, by the use of common hand." 
 
 Mr. Lewis, speaking of this subject, remarks, that " Of 
 all the perfections of the mind, there is none more capable 
 of improvement than the memory, and none that will reward 
 our labors with more pleasure and advantage. How often 
 from the lips of some admired speaker have we heard the 
 most instructive lectures upon those very branches of useful 
 knowledge with which we were most anxious to become 
 acquainted, yet without obtaining any material advantage 
 from the important information disclosed, and through the 
 treachery of our memory, not being able to form even a clear 
 and satisfactory idea of the subject; when by means of Steno- 
 graphy, not only the thoughts which pass in our own minds 
 receive a visible form, and can be communicated to the mind 
 and understanding of others at the most distant period, but 
 likewise we are enabled to catch the living ideas of a speaker 
 in the very words by which they are conveyed to our own 
 ears ; copy from the lips of an orator all his studied beauties 
 of language, his arrangement of elegant expressions and 
 force of reasoning, which we can with the utmost satisfac- 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 tion re^new at pleasure. There are many Short-Hand wri- 
 ters and parliamentary reporters of the present period, who, 
 previous to the exercise of this art, could with difficulty re- 
 member on their return home, the heads of a discourse ; yet 
 they have been so trained to habits of attention, and to reg- 
 ular systematic methods of investigation, and their memory 
 has been so wonderfully improved and mechanically strength- 
 ened by the practice of the Stenographic art, that they are 
 now enabled to collect with verbal accuracy, every sentence 
 of a long oration." 
 
 " In addition to these inestimable advantages, Science and 
 Religion are indebted to this noble art, for the preservation 
 of many valuable Lectures and Sermons, which would other- 
 wise have been irrecoverably lost. Among the latter may 
 be instanced those of Whitfield, whose astonishing powers 
 could move even infidelity itself, and extort admiration from 
 a Chesterfield and a Hume ; but whose name alone would 
 have floated down the stream of time, had not Short-Hand 
 rescued a portion of his labors from oblivion. 
 
 " With so many vouchers for the truth of the remark, we 
 can have no hesitation in stating it as our opinion, that, since 
 the invention of printing, no cause has contributed more to 
 the diffusion and progress of refinement, we might almost 
 add, to the triumphs of liberty and the interests of religion, 
 than the revival and improvement of this long-neglected and 
 invaluable art." 
 
 " Such are the blessings which short-hand, like a generous 
 benefactor, bestows indiscriminately on the world at large. 
 But it has additional and peculiar favors in store for those 
 who are so far convinced of its utility, as personally to engage 
 in its pursuits. The advantages resulting from the exercise 
 of this science, are not, as is the case with many others, con- 
 fined to a particular class of society : for though it may seem 
 more immediately calculated for those whose business it is 
 to record the eloquence of public men, and the proceedings 
 of popular assemblies, yet it offers its assistance to persons 
 
XU PREFACE. 
 
 of every rank and station in life-r-to the man of business as 
 well as to the man of science — for the purpose of private 
 convenience as well as of general information." 
 
 To those persons who may be desirous of forming a col- 
 lection of the many excellent sermons and valuable lectures 
 that they may hear from time to time, the Science of Ste- 
 nography is of great importance. The many interesting 
 Trials and Orations that have been reported by persons ac- 
 quainted with this Art, and that have been fotmd exceed- 
 ingly beneficial, both for private edification and public use- 
 fiilness, are eminent vouchers of its great utility in that 
 respect ; indeed, were the community fully acquainted with 
 the pre-eminent advantages of this acquirement, they would 
 at once become advocates for its general diifusion, because 
 it confers a facility of despatch, in the acquisition of human 
 learning, which no other branch of knowledge can convey. 
 
 The utUity and importance of this science should there- 
 fore fully commend it to the attention of every instructor. 
 For if it be true that the impressions of early life are more 
 vivid and enduring than those of later years, then if this 
 branch of knowledge were taught to the youth as a part of 
 education, its practice would " grow with their growth,** 
 until in maturer years they would use it with astonish- 
 ing success. The author would hence most respectfully 
 suggest whether the introduction of this study into our com- 
 mon schools would not secure the most important ends. 
 And to those preparing for college or professional duties an 
 early attention to this science will be one of the most power- 
 ful auxiliaries to complete success. 
 
 THOMAS TOWNDROW. 
 New Yokk, Aprii.; 1841. 
 
TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 The Author begs leave to present the following Testimo- 
 nials to the favorable notice of an enlightened community. 
 
 The following ENCOMnm is from the pen of Andrew Hun- 
 ter, A. M. LATE of Edinburgh, where he has practised 
 
 THE science of STENOGRAPHY FOR UPWARDS OF TWENTY 
 YEARS, AND WHO IS THE AUTHOR OF A WORK ON THE SAME 
 SUBJECT. 
 
 Manchester, March 20th, 1837. 
 Sir, 
 
 I have had much pleasure in perusing your Complete 
 Guide to the Art of Short-Hand Writing ; it is neatly and 
 tastefully executed ; — your remarks on the science, are the 
 dictates of a sound mind, resulting from much experience as 
 a Teacher of the Art ; — the method and order which you 
 have shown in the arrangement and distribution of your ma- 
 terials, evinces in a high degree, that you have fully under- 
 stood your subject. The characters you have chosen to rep- 
 resent the intermediate vowel and diphthongal sounds, arc 
 admirably easy to join with the various consonants with 
 
 which they may chance to be connected, while at the same 
 9 
 
XIV TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 time they mark with such precision the direct sound of the 
 words, as to render the reading of Stenographic manuscript 
 both easy and accurate. 
 
 In conclusion, I have no hesitation in giving as my opin- 
 ion, that it forms the most complete work of the kind ever 
 presented to a discerning public. 
 
 (With hearty wishes for your future success and prosper- 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant,) 
 
 ANDREW HUNTER, A. M. 
 
 From the Manchester Times. 
 
 " There are few persons of intelligence who are not ready 
 to acknowledge the pleasures and advantages to be derived 
 from the practice of Short-Hand. We, who may lay some 
 claim to an experimental knowledge of the science, can pro- 
 nounce it to be one of the very best methods of imparting an 
 useful versatility to the mind, and of inuring it to quick and 
 correct apprehension. We recollect many occasions when 
 in the exercise of our duties we have had to attend in the 
 same day, and in rapid succession, to matters legal, political, 
 scientific, divine, and an immensity of others too miscella- 
 neous to be classified. These we have in various ways giv- 
 en to the public by means of Short-Hand ; and can any one 
 deny that exercise of this kind will fail to induce quickness 
 of perception, and the power to turn the mind to sufficient 
 objects unconscious of an effort ? 
 
 The question then is, which Stenographic system is the 
 
TESTOrONIALS. XV 
 
 best, and which is the shortest and to be acquired with least 
 trouble ? This is a problem we really cannot undertake to 
 solve ; there is no royal road to Short-Hand, even with the 
 most perfect system. — Byrom's is remarkable for beauty, 
 legibility, and conciseness. That of Mr. Towndrow, an emi- 
 nent teacher, seems both legible, concise, and easy to be ac- 
 quired ; inasmuch as he reduces the science to its simplest 
 elements, and then proceeds gradually. Mr. T. has an ad- 
 vantage over every other system we have yet seen, in the 
 precision and certainty with which the different sounds are 
 noted ; and in the hands of a good writer we think this sys- 
 tem may be rendered as beautiful to the eye as any we are 
 acquainted with, and altogether, as Stenographers, we may 
 safely recommend it to the public." 
 
 Manchester Courier. 
 We have examined with some attention the system of 
 Stenography invented and taught by Mr. Towndrow, and 
 we are of opinion that it will be found eminently serviceable 
 to those who wish to study the Art. In some points it is 
 superior to any system that we have seen. 
 
 Sheffield Iris. 
 We have given the system of Stenography invented and 
 recently introduced into this country by Mr. Towndrow, an 
 attentive examination, and we feel fully convinced of the 
 many improvements he has made on all former systems 
 which have come imder our notice. Mr. Towndrow, in his 
 
XVI TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 present method, has appropriated a distinct character to rep- 
 resent each elementary sound of the English language, by 
 the use of which, any word, no matter what number of vowel 
 or diphthongal sounds it may contain, can be clearly express- 
 ed in Short- Hand, without having occasion to raise the pen 
 from the paper, which could not be done in the generality of 
 systems without lifting the pen several times in order to sup- 
 ply a number of dots representing the vowels, which is well 
 known to form one of the greatest impediments to quick 
 writing, while upon others we have some knowledge of, it 
 would be impossible to convey the same words to paper so 
 as to be recognized at a future period. 
 
 Derbyshire Conner. 
 A neat little volume, professing to be a complete guide to 
 the Art of writing Short-Hand, or an entirely new and com- 
 prehensive system of representing the elementary sounds of 
 the English language in Stenographic characters, has been 
 published by Mr. Towndrow, Professor and Teacher of the 
 Art. The principal feature of this treatise is its originality 
 in giving distinct characters to express the various tones of 
 our native tongue, and from the high degree of conciseness 
 with which this object is accomplished, and its perfect and 
 easy amalgamation with the other parts of the system ; the 
 operation of writing is advantageously condensed, and an in- 
 creased facility afforded of committing to paper the eloquence 
 of the orator. The system is exceedingly simplified in its 
 details, capable of being acquired with comparatively little 
 application, and in practice will, we believe, be found to 
 
TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 work well. It is decidedly superior to all systems of Steno- 
 graphy with which we are at present acquainted. 
 
 Boston American Traveller. 
 We welcome the return to this country of Mr. Towndrow, 
 the accomplished Professor of Stenography, and author of a 
 celebrated Guide to the Art of Short-Hand Writing. A new 
 edition of his treatise was lately published in England, and 
 a portion of it has been received here. The improvements 
 he has made in the system, are well worthy the attention 
 of the student, and give the stamp of pre-eminence to his 
 work. 
 
 Zion^s Herald. 
 
 A fine opportunity is now presented to young persons in 
 this city, by the return of Mr. Towndrow from England, to 
 acquire the useful accomplishment of Short-Hand Writing. 
 We became acquainted with this gentleman upon his first 
 visit to this country, and from the success which attended 
 his instructions then given, we have the utmost confidence 
 in his ability to teach stenography, and the superior advan- 
 tages of his improved system. This system enables the re- 
 porter, not only to record the exact words, as delivered by 
 any public speaker, but also every peculiar expression made 
 use of by him, as pronounced, and to preserve all in a legible 
 form, so as to be read at any future period, with the greatest 
 ease and facility. 
 
 2* 
 
IVm TESTDIONIALS. 
 
 Boston Morning Post. 
 Mr. Towndrow's system of Stenography, is the most per- 
 fect one ever invented, and he is one of the most agreeable 
 and gentlemanly instructors that ever taught abbreviations. 
 
 Boston Daily Evening Transcript. 
 Mr. Towndrow is the most ready Stenographer, and the 
 best instructor of the art in the United States, 
 
 Boston Mercantile Journal. 
 T. Towndrow, who is well known for his success m teach- 
 ing the art of writing short-hand, has just put forth the sec- 
 ond edition of a book entitled, "A complete Guide to the 
 Art of Short-Hand Writing, being an entirely new and com- 
 prehensive system of representing the elementary sounds of 
 the English language in stenographic characters." Mr. Town- 
 drow's system has met with approbation of persons versed 
 in the art, and is probably the most perfect mode of short- 
 hand writing extant. To those who wish to become an 
 adept in this valuable accomplishment, we recommend Mr. 
 Towndrow's book — this, with a due share of patience and 
 perseverance, will soon qualify one to exercise this acconv 
 plishment with great facility. 
 
 Boston Atlas. 
 
 Mr. Towndrow, professor and teacher of stenography, has 
 just introduced to the notice of the American public, a new 
 
TESTIMONIALS. XIX 
 
 system of writing short-hand. "We know something of the 
 art, and having attentively examined Mr. T.'s method, can 
 say that it possesses many advantages over any other we 
 have seen. It is simple, neat and beautiful, giving the ex- 
 act sound of all the vowels and diphthongs in the language, 
 without obliging the writer to lift his pen, even when taking 
 down the longest word. Mr. T., we are glad to leam, is 
 well encouraged. 
 
 Boston Morning News. 
 We do not know how it is with other folks ; but for our- 
 self there is no greater satisfaction to be found in the whole 
 range of literary pleasures, than to be able to take down a 
 speech as it falls warm from the lips of an extemporaneous 
 speaker. It is then that the peculiarities of the individual 
 slip out unperceived by the orator himself, and are probably 
 forgotten by the majority of his audience. The science of 
 stenography obviates the latter misfortune. It gives us the 
 portrait of the speaker's mind exactly as it is — the glowing 
 thought, the impassioned apostrophe, the sudden transitions 
 are caught and faithfully represented by this divine science, 
 before they have had time to cool and degenerate into com- 
 moa place diction beneath the hand of the exhausted orator 
 who prepares his speech for the press. Stenography has 
 power to represent the speaker's mind just as it looked while 
 he was delivering his discourse — it lets us into his heart by 
 a direct road. We regret that our limits will not permit us 
 to do full justice to this very interesting subject, but we know 
 of one who is able to achieve what we are incompetent to 
 
XX TESTIMOKIALS. 
 
 do. We allude to Mr. Towndrow, who has given us such 
 information with respect to his present system, as renders it 
 mathematically certain to our mind, that it is superior to 
 any other known. The elementary sounds are represented 
 by the simplest signs — an improvement never before attempt- 
 ed — and a number of words may be connected with the 
 greatest facility ; and the whole read with ease. This last 
 crowns the whole, as every stenographer must be aware. 
 For further information we refer the reader to Mr. Town- 
 drow himself, whose patience in explaining his system, and 
 whose urbanity and pleasing manners, render him one of the 
 most agreeable as well as able teachers we have ever seen. 
 
 United States Gazette. 
 
 We have had an interview with Mr. Towndrow, the au- 
 thor of a small book entitled " A Complete Guide to the Art 
 of Writing Short-Hand, being an entirely new and compre- 
 hensive System of Representing the Elementarj' Sounds of 
 the English Language in Stenographic Characters." 
 
 Of this work, we may say as of most other treatises on 
 Stenography, that it aims to advance a much neglected art ; 
 but, in our opinion, Mr. Towndrow has accomplished a real 
 and valuable object in the introduction of all the vowel and 
 diphthongal sounds, without the multiplication of characters, 
 and in such a manner that those who are acquainted with 
 the system may at any time read the stenography of others. 
 
 We wish that the trustees of our colleges and high schools 
 would introduce stenography among the regular pursuits of 
 
TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 the classes, and have it so cultivated that each pupil should 
 be able to read the writing of the other. 
 
 Baltimore Daily Gazette. 
 
 We have lately had an interview with an eminent teacher 
 of Stenography now in this city, Mr. Towndrow, of whose 
 merits we have seen the most flattering testimonials in the 
 Boston papers, some time before his arrival among us. From 
 a long conversation with Mr. T., and an attentive examina- 
 tion of several works on the art of Stenography, which he 
 has published, we feel fully justified in recommending him 
 to the favorable notice of the public. His system is undoubt- 
 edly a very great improvement upon all which have pre- 
 ceded it, and has been the result of a long and assiduous 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 In a country like ours, where legislative bodies are so nu- 
 merous, and where conventions and public meetings are 
 held, and addresses delivered on all occasions, it would seem 
 almost imnecessaryto dwell on the advantages of a know- 
 ledge of Stenography — but the art has certainly been, hith- 
 erto, but little cultivated. We can imagine no other cause 
 for this neglect, than the tediousness and insuflficiency of the 
 old systems of Short-Hand, a theoretical knowledge of which, 
 however accurate, led to no advantages in practice corres-* 
 ponding to the labor of acquiring it. 
 
 We are informed that some of the most distinguished re- 
 porters of speeches in our country, owe their proficiency, like 
 Mr. Towndrow, to the expedients which their own experi- 
 ence has suggested to them, independent of the knowledge 
 
XXU TESTDIONIALS, 
 
 to be obtained iu any treatise heretofore published. But we 
 think that httle more than a glance at the system of Mr. 
 T. will be sufficient to convince any one that he can accom- 
 plish all that he promises. We have no doubt that his mode 
 of teaching will speedily be adopted in schools, and Steno- 
 graphy made a branch of common education. 
 
 From a Class in Fall River. 
 
 Fall River, Mass., Mat 29th, 1840. 
 I\Ir. Towndrow, 
 
 Dear Sir, — The undersigned, members of your Stenogra- 
 phic Class, upon the completion of their studies, tender to 
 you their sincere thanks for the promptness, attention and 
 assiduity with which you have performed your duties as our 
 Instructor. The common difficulties which accompany all 
 attempts to instruct pupils in any thing of which they are 
 entirely ignorant, was in our case attended with another, the 
 total ignorance of each other by teacher and pupils. But 
 from your affability to us, we forgot that our acquaintance 
 was of short duration, and this feeling no doubt, contributed 
 to assist us in our studies very materially. 
 
 We are going to part from each other, we may never meet 
 you again, collectively or individually, but our good wishes 
 go with you. And whether such pleasure be in store for us 
 or not, we hope that each of us, tutor and pupil, may so in- 
 cline to the path of virtue, that we may meet, if not here, 
 in that world to which that path eternally leads. 
 We are dear sir, Yours, very respectfully, 
 
 Signed by 12 Students. 
 
TESTIMONIALS. XXIU 
 
 From a Class in Bowdoin College. 
 We the subscribers, members of Bowdoin College, wish 
 hereby to express to Mr. Towndrow, the entire satisfaction 
 we feel in regard to the system of Short-Hand Writing which 
 he has been teaching us; and that we may remove, as far 
 as is in our power, the prejudice which exists in so many 
 minds against this valuable accomplishment, we are free to 
 say, that after having received a full course of lessons, we 
 feel satisfied that this system is not only easy and practica- 
 ble, but that it is more so than any other within our know- 
 ledge ; and we hope, that during his stay in this country, 
 Mr. T. will receive the extensive patronage which he merits. 
 
 Signed by 30 Students. 
 
 From the Rev. W. H. Beecher. 
 I take pleasure in stating that the system of Stenography 
 taught by Mr. Towndrow, to which I have been attending 
 for some time, is in my view, the most perfect system of 
 Short-Hand Writing I have ever examined, uniting in a 
 higher degree, conciseness, comprehension, neatness, and 
 despatch, with ease of acquisition. It is my conviction, that 
 the present rapid increase in knowledge of arts and sciences, 
 demands an increase also in facility of expressing and com- 
 municating thought; and that before long, this art will be- 
 come extensively practised, and highly beneficial to the cler- 
 gy, the lawyer, the physician, student, mechanic and mer- 
 chant ; the process of acquisition being more an amusement 
 than a labor. 
 
 W. H. BEECHER. 
 
XXlV 
 
 OPINIONS OF EMINENT MEN ON THE UTILITY 
 
 OF SHORT-HAND. 
 " I should exhort all young men to learn that most useful 
 art, Short-Hand Writing, an art which I believe will one 
 day be studied as universally as common writing, and which 
 will abridge the labor of penmanship to a degree that will 
 materially quicken the intercourse of human thought." 
 
 T. CAMPBELL, Esq. 
 Late Lord Rector of Glasgow University. 
 
 "As it is usual to take notes, the attainment of Short- 
 Hand will give such a facility to your labors, as to enable 
 you to follow the most rapid speakers with certainty and prt^ 
 cision." 
 
 Letter from the late Me. Dunning, to a Student in the 
 Temple. 
 
 " The Art of Short-Hand, on account of its great and gen- 
 eral utility, merits a much higher rank among the arts, than 
 is commonly allotted to it ; and is by no means unworthy 
 the attention and study of men of science and genius." — Dr. 
 Johnson. 
 
 The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Morton, President of the Royal 
 Society ; the Lord Chancellor Pratt ; His Grace the Duke of 
 Queensburg; and Dr. John Taylor, Chancellor of Lincoln, 
 after receiving instructions from Dr. Byrom, observe: "were 
 the public so far acquainted with the usefulness of this Art, 
 that it should be commonly received in their intercourse with 
 each other, taught early to youth, and practised by them 
 when they became to be men of letters and business, the 
 despatch arising from it, and every other advantage, would 
 increase in proporticm to its more general reception." 
 
TO THE LEARNER. 
 
 Before entering upon the exercises of 
 this interesting study, the Author wishes 
 the Student to peruse the following lines on 
 ''Application," from the pen of the late 
 Rev. Samuel Davenport, of Horsley, Derby- 
 shire, England. 
 
 "It is incredible how much may be done 
 by diligence and assiduity. The present 
 state of the world, enlightened by arts and 
 sciences, is a living proof, that dijtficulties, 
 seemingly insuperable, and undertakings im- 
 agined to be impossible, may be accomplish- 
 ed. This consideration ought to be no mean 
 spur to industry and application. We are 
 not acquainted with the strength of our own 
 minds, till we exercise them, nor to what 
 length our abilities will carry us, till we put 
 them to the trial. Men who want resolu- 
 tion, often desist from enterprises, when 
 they have more than half effected their pur- 
 pose : — They are discouraged by difficulties 
 
26 TO THE LEARNER. 
 
 and disappointments, which ought rather to 
 excite their ardor, and redouble the vigor 
 of their efforts to succeed. Let any one con- 
 sider with attention the structure of a com- 
 mon engine to raise water. Let him ob- 
 serve the intricacy of the machinery, and 
 behold in what vast quantities one of the 
 heaviest elements is forced out of its course ; 
 and then reflect how many experiments 
 must have been tried in vain, how many ob- 
 stacles must have been overcome, before a 
 frame of such wonderful variety in its parts, 
 could have been put together; after which, 
 let him pursue his own enterprises, not with- 
 out hopes of success in the end, while he 
 supports the spirit of industry by consider- 
 ing how much may be done by patience and 
 ingenuity." 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Note, — As the perusal of a particular remark may fre- 
 queatly simplify the mode of expressing certaiu words, it has 
 been deemed expedient to number each rule, observation, &c., 
 in regular order, without any regard to classification, so that 
 reference may most conveniently be made to the same. 
 
 MATERIALS FOR WRITING. 
 
 1. The learner is recommended to make 
 use of a good pencil on all occasions, when 
 it is necessary to write with expedition. 
 When he is sufficiently advanced in the art 
 to take notes in public, he ought to be provi- 
 ded with a pencil-case adapted to very fine 
 points, or a number of good drawing pencils, 
 (which should be kept in a suitable case,) 
 with the points at all times ready for use. 
 Whenever it shall be desirable to preserve 
 short-hand manuscript for subsequent and 
 probably frequent perusals, it will be prefer- 
 able to write with a pen. 
 
 CHOICE OF PENCILS. 
 
 2. In the selection of pencils, good ones 
 
23 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 may be considered the cheapest. The draw- 
 ing pencils and ever-points, manufactured by 
 Mr. Monroe, of Concord, Massachusetts, are 
 recommended as being of an excellent quali- 
 ty. Those marked H. H., will be found most 
 suitable for short-hand writing. 
 
 CHOICE OF PENS. 
 
 3. An elastic steel pen with a fine point, 
 will be found to possess decided advantages 
 over those made from the common quill. 
 As the manufacturers of this article are con- 
 stantly bringing forward something neio, the 
 writer will of course make his own selec- 
 tion. 
 
 CHOICE OF PAPER. 
 
 4. Except when writing with a pen, pa- 
 per having a very smooth surface ought to 
 be selected, so that the pencil may be moved 
 with perfect freedom, at the same time form 
 the characters with neatness and perspicu- 
 ity. In the use of rough paper, it is impos- 
 sible to retain a fine point to any pencil, 
 consequently the strokes are made very 
 large and thick, which not only impedes the 
 process of expeditious writing, but leads to 
 a habit of forming the characters with care- 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 29 
 
 lessness, and naturally destroys the legibili- 
 ty of the manuscript. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR HOLDING PEN OR PENCIL. 
 
 5. Let the long finger be placed about half 
 or three quarters of an inch from the point 
 of the pen or pencil, and the end of the 
 thumb opposite that of the fore-finger — thus 
 holding it much more erect than is usual in 
 common writing, so that it may be moved 
 in any direction with ease and facility. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR LEARNING THE CONSONANTS, &C. 
 
 6. In the first place, it is necessary for the 
 learner to become perfectly familiar with 
 characters by which the consonants are re- 
 spectively represented. 
 
 7. The most easy and expeditious mode 
 of accomplishing this, is by writing the cha- 
 racters very frequently, in the same order 
 as exhibited in the first, second and third 
 exercises;* imitating them as nearly as pos- 
 sible, in size, form and position^ and at the 
 
 * With a view to facilitate the progress, as well as for the conve- 
 nience of those who may engage in the study of this treatise, the Au- 
 thor has prepared and published in connection with the same, a small 
 v/ork, entitled "The Stenogbaphical Copy-Book;" the pages of 
 which are ruled with suitable spaces, and numbered to correspond 
 with the numerous exercises introduced in the " Guide," and intended 
 for the learner's practice. 
 
 3* 
 
30 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 same time impressing upon the memory the 
 name of each, by repeating the letter which 
 it is intended to express. 
 
 8. In the first exercise, the characters are 
 arranged nearly in alphabetical order; while 
 in the second, they are classified agreeable 
 to their relative similarity of form, posi- 
 tion, &c. 
 
 9. C is rejected in short-hand, and substi- 
 tuted by k or s, according to its hard or soft 
 sound. (See exposition of c. No. 28.) 
 
 10. F^ h, k, V, to, X and sA, are each repre- 
 sented by two distinct characters, that they 
 may be more easily combined with other 
 letters than they would be if confined to 
 one. 
 
 11. Always commence with the curve, in 
 forming g, j, q, r, x, y, z, ch and ich. 
 
 12. The double consonants ch, sA, th and 
 2ch, being of such frequent occurrence, dis- 
 tinct characters have been appropriated to 
 represent them. 
 
 13. The learner desiring further informa- 
 tion respecting any of the letters, will pro- 
 bably obtain it by referring to an exposition 
 of the same, on a subsequent page of this 
 work. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHT. 31 
 
 14. The student must not be too anxious 
 to write expeditiously at first, or he will be 
 sure to make "more haste than good speed." 
 Let his first aim be to execute the charac- 
 ters with neatness and accuracy, and expe- 
 dition cannot fail to ensue : as Mr. Molineux 
 correctly observes — 
 
 " Learn to write slow, all other graces, 
 Will soon fill up their proper places." 
 
32 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE 
 
 B 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 ' 
 
 H 
 
 r\ 
 r\ 
 r\ 
 r\ 
 r\ 
 
 r\ 
 
 r\ 
 
 
 H 
 
 \^ 
 
 \^ 
 \^ 
 
 \y 
 
 ^^ 
 \y 
 
 r>o' 
 
 
 N 
 
 \^ 
 ^^ 
 
 «^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 \^ 
 \^ 
 
 F 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 N 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 Q 
 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGHAPHT. 
 
 33 
 
 FIRST. 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 c 
 
 w w 
 
 C\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 op 
 
 / 
 / 
 
 \. 
 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 
34 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE 
 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 
 SH 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 X 
 
 ■x 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPirT. 
 
 35 
 
 SECOND. 
 
 CH 
 
 R 
 
 B 
 
 L 
 
 M 
 
 N 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 F 
 
 F 
 
 K 
 
 K 
 
 w 
 
 w 
 
 V 
 
 ' 
 
 J 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 r\ 
 
 v^ 
 
 /^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 e; 
 
 c\ 
 
 o 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 v^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^> 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 e; 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 rs 
 
 ^y 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 e-i 
 
 C\ 
 
 c^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 \^ 
 
 r> 
 
 KJ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 e^ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 i/ 
 
 <^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 \^ 
 
 /^ 
 
 "^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 e\ 
 
 ej 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 </ 
 
 (^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 \J 
 
 r> 
 
 Ky 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 e; 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 t/ 
 
 <r 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 \J 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 c 
 
 5 
 
 6> 
 
 ZJ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 </ 
 
 ^' 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^y 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 <ij 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 y 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 >^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 3 
 
 6^ 
 
 QJ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 </ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 dj 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 <^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r^ 
 
 \-/ 
 
 r> 
 
 v^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 e\ 
 
 (U 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 s^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 s> 
 
 <u 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 <^ 
 
 c 
 
 :> 
 
 /-\ 
 
 v^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 5^ 
 
 e> 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 rN 
 
 ^> 
 
 r^ 
 
 Ky 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 ff> 
 
 <v 
 
 C\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 i/ 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 >-/ 
 
 r^ 
 
 \y 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 es 
 
 Qj 
 
 c^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 i/ 
 
 <i' 
 
 c 
 
 :> 
 
 rN 
 
 ^^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 \y 
 
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 5 
 
 6> 
 
 <Li 
 
 c\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 </ 
 
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 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 v^ 
 
 r> 
 
 ^y 
 
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 5 
 
 e\ 
 
 QJ 
 
 c^ 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 y 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r\ 
 
 >-> 
 
 r> 
 
 v^ 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 s^ 
 
 fO 
 
 C\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 </ 
 
 c 
 
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 rs 
 
 >^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 \y 
 
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 5 
 
 6>i 
 
 QJ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 c/ 
 
 </ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 /-\ 
 
 \J 
 
 r> 
 
 ^y 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 s\ 
 
 dJ 
 
 o 
 
 b 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 <r 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 r^ 
 
 \J 
 
 r^ 
 
 Ky 
 
 e 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 
 ZJ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
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 w 
 
 r\ 
 
 v_y 
 
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 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 <iJ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
36 
 
 A COMPL-ETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 1 EXERCISE 
 
 bis 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 1 
 
 mlt 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 tkl 
 
 — 
 
 e\ 
 
 DJ 
 
 bnd 
 
 c 
 
 KJ 
 
 / 
 
 mnk 
 
 (O 
 
 o 
 
 6> 
 
 tng 
 
 — 
 
 \j 
 
 - 
 
 bst 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 mrl 
 
 r> 
 
 ^ 
 
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 t rn 
 
 — 
 
 <: 
 
 V-^ 
 
 dmp 
 
 / 
 
 r\ 
 
 N 
 
 mtr 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 </ 
 
 tsl 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 D 
 
 drg 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 - 
 
 ngl 
 
 'u 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 vgr 
 
 c 
 
 c— 
 
 ^ 
 
 dwl 
 
 / 
 
 c\ 
 
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 nmf 
 
 <j 
 
 r^ 
 
 e 
 
 vmp 
 
 c 
 
 rN 
 
 \ 
 
 flm 
 
 e 
 
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 o 
 
 nrv 
 
 KJ 
 
 / 
 
 c 
 
 vst 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 l^rg 
 
 e 
 
 / 
 
 e_ 
 
 ntk 
 
 v^ 
 
 — 
 
 5> 
 
 vxn 
 
 c 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 fxd 
 
 e 
 
 •x 
 
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 pdl 
 
 \ 
 
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 3 
 
 wft 
 
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 e 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 pin 
 
 \ 
 
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 *-; 
 
 wld 
 
 C\ 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 
 igmn 
 
 c- 
 
 r\ 
 
 O 
 
 Png 
 
 \ 
 
 v^ 
 
 '^ — 
 
 wnk 
 
 o 
 
 o" 
 
 ff> 
 
 'grf 
 
 c_ 
 
 d 
 
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 prf 
 
 \ 
 
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 wsp 
 
 r\ 
 
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 \ 
 
 jhlp 
 
 r> 
 
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 qkn 
 
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 e\ 
 
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 xlt 
 
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 — 
 
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 ihmr 
 
 n\ 
 
 (^ 
 
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 qlt 
 
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 — 
 
 xmn 
 
 'N 
 
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 hng 
 
 
 s^ 
 
 c_ 
 
 qrl 
 
 1 
 
 <^ 
 
 3 1 
 
 xpl 
 
 <\ 
 
 \ 
 
 3 
 
 jgr 
 
 j_ 
 
 ^ 
 
 <i' 
 
 qvr 
 
 1 
 
 C 
 
 / 
 
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 «\ 
 
 ^ 
 
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 jmp 
 
 r- 
 
 r\ 
 
 \ 
 
 rft 
 
 ^ 
 
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 D 
 
 / 
 
 jrk 
 
 c- 
 
 </ 
 
 €\ 
 
 rgl 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 P 
 
 v_/ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 jkmn 
 
 6^ 
 
 r» 
 
 \^ 
 
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 <^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 yrd 
 
 P 
 
 <^ 
 
 / 
 
 jkpt 
 
 6^ 
 
 \ 
 
 — 
 
 rst 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 ~l 
 
 yst 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 ksl 
 
 6^ 
 
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 sfr 
 
 1 
 
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 ■^ 
 
 z f r 
 
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 :> 
 
 ^ 
 
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 zrl 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 ^ V 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGEAPHT. 
 
 37 
 
 THIRD. 
 
 blnk 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 v_/ 
 
 e^ 
 
 pblk 
 
 \ 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 e; 
 
 bngl 
 
 c 
 
 \^ 
 
 ^ 
 
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 p r s n 
 
 N 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 V-' 
 
 dfnd 
 
 / 
 
 5 
 
 «_; 
 
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 qn t m 
 
 1 
 
 L^ 
 
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 dprt 
 
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 1 
 
 ^ 
 
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 fngr 
 
 5 
 
 KJ 
 
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 ^^ 
 
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 f rn d 
 
 5 
 
 / 
 
 <U 
 
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 r n s m 
 
 ^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 1 
 
 rN 
 
 fstl 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 sr t n 
 
 1 
 
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 t-' 
 
 g m b 1 
 
 - 
 
 n> 
 
 C 
 
 3 
 
 s t r V 
 
 1 
 
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 gngr 
 
 c 
 
 w 
 
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 t m p r 
 
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 \ 
 
 ^. 
 
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 — 
 
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 K^ 
 
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 V n d r 
 
 D 
 
 v-" 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 hrkn 
 
 "^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 e; 
 
 w 
 
 V r g n 
 
 D 
 
 </ 
 
 <- 
 
 ^y 
 
 j s t s 
 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 vstl 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
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 j V 1 n 
 
 c- 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 v^ 
 
 wl k m 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 <ij 
 
 r\ 
 
 kndl 
 
 e^ 
 
 v-' 
 
 / 
 
 D 
 
 w r ds 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 k p tn 
 
 ZJ 
 
 \ 
 
 — 
 
 <^ 
 
 wsp r 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 k rmp 
 
 QJ 
 
 <^ 
 
 r> 
 
 \ 
 
 X m n d 
 
 <^ 
 
 r> 
 
 v^ 
 
 / 
 
 Imbr 
 
 D 
 
 r> 
 
 C 
 
 / 
 
 X p r s 
 
 <k 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 .1 
 
 Inks 
 
 D 
 
 w 
 
 e^ 
 
 1 
 
 xt n t 
 
 "s 
 
 - 
 
 L^ 
 
 — 
 
 mltd 
 
 o 
 
 ) 
 
 — 
 
 / 
 
 y d k n 
 
 7 
 
 / 
 
 e-" 
 
 <^ 
 
 m prt 
 
 o 
 
 \ 
 
 <f 
 
 — 
 
 y Ids 
 
 7 
 
 D 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
 n m rl 
 
 v.-* 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 3 
 
 z f r s 
 
 /* 
 
 e 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 n r V s 
 
 u 
 
 / 
 
 D 
 
 1 
 
 z n k 1 
 
 r 
 
 «^ 
 
 e; 
 
 ) 
 
 44944-1 
 
 .••..^ 
 
38 
 
 A COMPLETE GTJIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE FOURTH. 
 
 b n k 
 
 pbl 
 
 ch k n 
 
 b inpr 
 
 pint 
 
 brl 
 
 p k r 
 
 chid 
 
 bn dr 
 
 p n t s 
 
 bsk 
 
 p r s 
 
 ch m p 
 
 b rst 
 
 p s t rn 
 
 dfr 
 
 q kr 
 
 ch ng 
 
 d n g r 
 
 ql t d 
 
 d n s 
 
 q ns 
 
 ch p 1 
 
 d r n k 
 
 qndm 
 
 d V n 
 
 q r t 
 
 ch r rn 
 
 d s p r 
 
 q s t n 
 
 fg r 
 
 rfl 
 
 ch s t 
 
 fltr 
 
 r m p 1 
 
 fkl 
 
 rn g 
 
 ch tn 
 
 f n t m 
 
 rn d m 
 
 fit 
 
 r s k 
 
 sh f t 
 
 frst 
 
 r vl s 
 
 gmp 
 
 sf t 
 
 shkl 
 
 gntl 
 
 sr gl 
 
 grt 
 
 s pk 
 
 shlf 
 
 gr sp 
 
 s p r t 
 
 g vn 
 
 s tp 
 
 shn k 
 
 g V r n 
 
 s t m p 
 
 lift 
 
 t r 111 
 
 sh p r 
 
 h ra p r 
 
 t m p 1 
 
 h p n 
 
 t vvl 
 
 shrk 
 
 h n g s 
 
 t n dr 
 
 h r m 
 
 tx s 
 
 sh 1 1 
 
 h r m t 
 
 trgt 
 
 jgl 
 
 vgl 
 
 sh V r 
 
 j m bl 
 
 vk t m 
 
 Jlt 
 
 V p r 
 
 thkn 
 
 j r n 1 
 
 vrrn n 
 
 j m b 
 
 V rg 
 
 th m b 
 
 j spr 
 
 V s p r 
 
 kid 
 
 wdl 
 
 th mp 
 
 k p t V 
 
 wng s 
 
 knl 
 
 vv g n 
 
 thng 
 
 k r m p 
 
 w r d s 
 
 k tn 
 
 w r d 
 
 thnk 
 
 k s t m 
 
 w s d m 
 
 Ind 
 
 X m t 
 
 thrl 
 
 1 ft r 
 
 X 1 n t 
 
 Irk 
 
 X p r 
 
 th r n 
 
 1 n g s 
 
 X p 1 n 
 
 1 St 
 
 X q s 
 
 whfl 
 
 1 s t n 
 
 X tn d 
 
 mn d 
 
 yld 
 
 wh 1 p 
 
 m n t 1 
 
 yips 
 
 m r 1 
 
 y r n 
 
 vvh n s 
 
 in r k t 
 
 y ngr 
 
 m tn 
 
 y Ik 
 
 wh p r 
 
 m s t k 
 
 y r d s 
 
 ngr 
 
 z 1 s 
 
 vvh r f 
 
 n m b r 
 
 z n t k 
 
 nkl 
 
 z m n 
 
 wh s k 
 
 n s r t . 
 
 z r 1 d 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGKAPHT. 39 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR JOINING THE CONSONANTS. 
 
 15. When the learner has become so far 
 acquainted with the Stenographic characters 
 introduced in the preceding exercises, as to 
 write them with ease and expedition, he may 
 learn the method of joining them together, 
 in the neatest possible manner. 
 
 16. In joining Short-hand characters to- 
 gether, the first letter is generally made, as 
 if no other was to be written, and the next 
 (without lifting the pen) from the last point 
 of the first, as if it had not been there ; for 
 Instance, in order to join the letters, 6, s, t, 
 together, first make the semicircle for 6, c , 
 then, w ithout taking off the pen, draw down 
 the s from the last point of the 6, thus ^ , 
 6s, to which add the short horizontal line 
 for ^, thus, ([_ bst ; and so on in like manner 
 with nearly all the rest. 
 
 17. All unnecessary curves and angles^' 
 must be avoided ; one letter being made to 
 run into another as much as possible ; for in- 
 stance where two reverse semicircles occur 
 together, neither of them need to be made 
 complete, but a small portion must be cut 
 off each, as in the following examples; ^-^ 
 m7ij \.^ nm, ^bls, "v knd,&c. In the same 
 
40 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 manner, all letters lose a portion when pre- 
 ceding any character which commences with 
 a loop ; as for example, 7nk is not to be writ- 
 ten thus, '-x^ but oo ; tk not -^, but -^; 
 by which means, a great saving of time is 
 • fleeted, and a general uniformity is preserv- 
 ed in the writing. 
 
 18. Let all the characters that are used 
 in expressing a word, be joined together 
 without raising the pen, except when d/p^ 
 a or ?, occurs twice in immediate succession. 
 (See exposition of those letters, Nos. 30, 58, 
 70 and 75.) 
 
 19. Before the learner begins to exercise 
 himself in combining the characters, he is 
 directed to peruse with attention, the follow- 
 ing remarks on spelling, and the "Exposi- 
 tion of the Consonants f with which, a fa- 
 miliar acquaintance is of the utmost import- 
 'ance. 
 
 MODE OF SPELLING. 
 
 20. In writing short-hand, no particular 
 regard need be paid to the usual method of 
 spelling. Use such characters 07ily in wri- 
 ting a word, as may be indispensably neces- 
 sary to give the sound thereof; all silent 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 41 
 
 letters will then be omitted, and one letter 
 trequently substituted for another. 
 
 21. As examples in spelling will doubt- 
 less do more to initiate the learner into the 
 method he must necessarily pursue in the 
 practice of Stenography, than numerous 
 rules and exceptions, upwards of one thou- 
 sand have been selected, and arranged in 
 the subsequent Exercises, embracing the va- 
 rious combinations of letters, to which are 
 annexed all the words they respectively ex- 
 press. 
 
 22. The following extract of a letter from 
 Major Jack Downing, to his old friend Mr. 
 D wight, of the New York Advertiser, not- 
 withstanding the singularity of the produc- 
 tion, furnishes (in the word Asia,) an admi- 
 rable specimen of the liberty which steno- 
 graphers take with the orthography of our 
 language. 
 
 23. "I only wish I had gone to school a 
 leetle more when I was a boy— if I had, my 
 letters now would make folks crawl all over: 
 but if I had been to school all my lifetime, 
 I know I never could be able to write more 
 honestly than I liave. I am sometimes p^iz- 
 zled most plaguily to git words to tell jest 
 
42 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 exactly what I think, and what I know : and 
 when 1 git'em I don't know exactly how to 
 spelFem — but so long as I git the sound, I'll 
 let other folks git the sense on't— pretty much 
 as our old friend down to Salem, who bilt a 
 big ship to go to China — he call'd her the 
 'AshaJ Now there is sich a thing as folks 
 knowing too much ; all the lariied ones was 
 puzzled to know who 'Asha^ was; and they 
 never would know to this day what it ment, 
 if the owner of the ship had'nt tell'd 'em that 
 China was in ' Asha.^ ' Oli ! ah !' says the 
 lamed folks, 'we see now — but that ain't 
 the way to spell it.' ' What,' says he, ' if 
 A-s-h-a don't spell Asha, what on earth does 
 it spell?' And that stump'd 'em." 
 
 EXPOSITION OF THE CONSONANTS. 
 
 24. B is represented in the present sys- 
 tem of Stenography, by a small semicircle, 
 thus c , (the reverse of / D ) always com- 
 mencing at the top ; as for example ^ bst, 
 </-^ bmg, &c. 
 
 25. B may be omitted in such words as 
 comb, dumh, tomh, &c. 
 
 26. To express bb, the character for b must 
 be made twice witho-it lifting the pen. 
 
 27. Be, forming a distinct syllable at the 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 43 
 
 beginning of a word, is expressed by mak- 
 ing the character for h twice its usual size ; 
 thus Q , writing (^ be-km, for became and 
 become, &c. 
 
 28. C. The hard sound of c, heard in 
 calm, cap, cost, cup, &c., is represented by 
 k; and the soft sound in such w^ords as cer- 
 tain, cent, celestial, &c., by s ; writing kst for 
 cast and cost ; krv for carve and curve ; srtn 
 for certain, &c. 
 
 29. Ch. For the expression of ch,see ex- 
 position of the double consonants, No. 92. 
 
 30. D is represented by a short oblique 
 line, thus, / (the reverse of p\) in all cases 
 commencing at the top. Examples, /o drk, 
 
 O- dprt, &c. 
 
 31. /> at the end of a word, has frequently 
 the sound of t, which letter may be substi- 
 tuted for the former, when more convenient- 
 ly joined with the preceding character; wri- 
 ting dstrst for distressed ; xprst for express- 
 ed, &c. 
 
 32. D may be omitted in such words as 
 friendship, landlord, landscape, &c. 
 
 33. Dd, must be expressed by making the 
 character for d twice separately, thus, yy as 
 y^ dd-n for deaden; ^ kn-dd for candid, &c. 
 
44 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 34. F is represented by two distinct cha- 
 racters, each composed of a loop and small 
 semicircle, thus e and 5 , leaving the wri- 
 ter at liberty to use either, as may be found 
 most easily combined with the preceding or 
 following character. Examples, 5_ Ift^ \<2 
 2)rf, &c. 
 
 35. F must always be substituted for gh 
 and jpA, in such words as cough, laugh, rough, 
 tough, phantom, pheasant, j)hilosopher, &c. 
 
 36. Ff may be expressed thus ^ or ^ , 
 
 37. G is represented by a small descend- 
 ing curve and horizontal line, thus ^ (the 
 reverse of^c-) as in -^ gd, ^ — f'^'g^^ &^- 
 
 38. G and gh being silent, may be omit- 
 ted in such words as gnat, phlegm, feign, 
 reign, resign, light, sight, &c. 
 
 39. Gh occurring together in the middle 
 or at the end of a word, have generally the 
 sound of/, as heard in enough, laugh, trough, 
 &c., and must be substituted by that letter 
 accordingly. 
 
 40. Gg must be expressed thus •-.- , as in 
 the words gag, gig, &c. 
 
 41. ff. Two distinct characters have been 
 appropriated to represent this letter, not only 
 to render it more convenient in combination, 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHT. 
 
 45 
 
 but to afford a ready means of expressinp^ 
 the present and past tenses of the auxiliary 
 verb to have. (See exercise 8.) 
 
 42. Each of the characters representing 
 h, is composed of a large semicircle, the first 
 being made twice the size of m ^ , thus r^, 
 the second twice that of ti o , thus v^, leav- 
 ing the writer at liberty to use that which 
 most easily combines with the preceding or 
 following character. 
 
 43. Although h is silent at the beginning 
 of some words, it will be preferable to use 
 it in spelling, instead of the vowel which it 
 may happen to precede, writing hrh for herb^ 
 instead of trb; hnr for honor, instead of 
 6nr, &c. 
 
 44. *^ which has a perfect uniformity of 
 sound, (except in hallelujah) is represented 
 by a small ascending curve and horizontal 
 line, thus ^ , (the reverse of ^ '- ) as in 1- 
 jst, c^^ jml, &c. 
 
 45. When g has a soft sound, 7 may be sub- 
 stituted for it, as in the words gem, gin, gin- 
 ger, gipsey, &c. 
 
 46. K is also represented by two distinct 
 characters, thus 6> , and <d ; either of which 
 must be used (as in the cases of/ and v,) ac- 
 
46 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 cording to its ready combination with other 
 letters. Examples, /o drk^ o^^ mk^ Uqk, &c. 
 
 47. K must be substituted for c and c/i, in 
 such words as came, care, case, curse, chaos, 
 chasm, character, &c. 
 
 48. K may be omitted wiien preceding n 
 in the same syllable, in such words as knave, 
 knee, knock, &c. 
 
 49. Kk may be expressed thus ro or o^/. 
 
 50. L is represented by a small semicir- 
 cle, thus ) , (the reverse of 6 c ,) always com- 
 mencing at the top. Examples, 3 ^^j ^ 
 lj?s, &c. 
 
 51. £j being silent, may be omitted in 
 such words as calf, calm, pahn, scilve, talk, 
 wd]k, &c. 
 
 52. LI must be expressed thus ^ , as in 
 V3 pr-l-l, for parallel, &c. 
 
 53. Mis represented by a small semicir- 
 cle, thus^, (the reverse of n^) as in -> 
 mnd, rv^ mrk, &c. 
 
 54. To express mm, write the character 
 for m twice, as in ^"^ mm-br for mem- 
 ber, &c. 
 
 55. N is represented by a small semicir- 
 cle, thus u , (the reverse of m ^ ,) as in ^^-^ 
 ngr, N^ nvr, &c. 
 
SdENCE OF STENOGEAPHT. 47 
 
 56. iVmay be omitted at the end of such 
 words as kiln, hymn, autumn, solemn, &c. 
 
 57. JVn. Write the character representing 
 n twice, for nn, as in ^ In-n, for linen, &,c. 
 
 58. P is represented by a short oblique 
 line, drawn downwards from left to right, 
 thus \ , (the reverse of d / ,) as in nx pif, 
 \r- prt, &c. 
 
 59. P, when preceded by x, is expressed 
 by drawing the line of the character repre- 
 senting the latter twice its usual length, 
 thus \i_ xpi'st, &c. 
 
 60. P may always be omitted in such 
 words as pneumatics, ipsalm., i^tisan, tempt, 
 contempt, raspberry, receipt, redemption, re- 
 sumption, (fee. 
 
 61. Ph, except when silent, must be substi- 
 tuted by the letters/ or v; as in the words 
 nephew, phantom, philosopher, &c. 
 
 62. To express p/?, the character for jo, is 
 made twice, thus % . Example, w, p-pl for 
 people, &c. 
 
 63. Q is represented by a small curve and 
 perpendicular line thus 1 (the reverse of wh 
 
 r ) as in K qh ]/) qrl, &c. 
 
 64. Qu may be substituted by k in such 
 words as conquer, liquor, marrpie, &c. 
 
48 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 65. Ca, frequently sound like q^ and may 
 be expressed by the same character; wri- 
 ting ^r for cure; se-qr for secure; l-o-q-tiou 
 for elocution, &c. 
 
 66. R, when joined with other letters, is 
 represented by a simple oblique line, thus / , 
 the same as d, with this exception, rf is al- 
 ways made down from right to left; but r 
 nmst in all cases be made up from left to 
 right, as in the following examples, /t» drk^ 
 
 /u I'st, O- dprt, .j^ trnd, &c. 
 
 67. He, forming a distinct syllable at the 
 beginning of a word, must be expressed by 
 the character representing r in the first, sec- 
 ond and third exercises, thus (f , in all cases 
 commencing with the curve. Examples, 
 jiyre-fer, /-^ re-gard, &c. 
 
 68. The same cliaracter is also written 
 singly, to express the words are, art, and 
 or. See No. 150. 
 
 69. To express rr, first make the simple 
 oblique line thus / , commencing at bottom ; 
 then join the other character ( </ ) represent- 
 ing r, to the last point of the former, thus 
 / ; writing _y tr-r for terror ; -^^^^ ir-rat 
 for torrent, &c. 
 
 70. *S is represented by a short perpen- 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 49 
 
 dicular line, thus I , always commencing at 
 the top, as in l^ sng, k/ stnd, &c. 
 
 71. S being silent, must be omitted in 
 such words as demesne, isle, island, puisne, 
 viscount, &c. 
 
 72. S has frequently the sound of sh, and 
 must in such cases be substituted by the 
 latter; WTiting Asha, for Asia; Prsha, for 
 Persia, &c. 
 
 73. A distinct character is assigned to rep- 
 resent the double consonant sh, for which, 
 see exposition of the same, No. 95. 
 
 74. Ss may be expressed by making the 
 character for s twice separately, thus 1|, or 
 by drawing one twice its usual length, thus 
 
 I , writing A\ or /] re-ss, for 7'ecess, &c. 
 
 75. Tis represented by a short horizontal 
 line thus — , in all cases to be made from 
 left to right. Examples, -y^ trn, -A- trst, &c, 
 
 76. T may be omitted in such words as 
 bustle, chasten, eclat, hautboy, mortgage, &c. 
 
 77. Tt must be written thus = , as in =5 
 tt-l, for tattle and tittle, &c. 
 
 78. Th occurring together, must be ex- 
 pressed by drawing the horizontal line for 
 t tw ice its usual length, thus — , as in ^ 
 
 6 
 
50 A COJIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 thru, ^'^'^'^j &c. See exposition of the 
 
 double consonants, No. ^;6. 
 
 79. Fis represented by two distinct cha- 
 racters, each composed of a loop and large 
 semicircle, thus Q and ^1 (twice the size 
 of those representing /,) either of which 
 may be used for v, when written in connec- 
 tion with other letters, as in the following 
 
 examples : t ^^, 3 ^"' ^ ^^^^> ^^- -^^^ ^^^^ 
 words they denote when standing alone, see 
 Nos. 153 and 154. 
 
 80. Vv may be expressed by writing either 
 of the characters for v, twice. 
 
 81. W. Two distinct characters have been 
 appropriated to represent this letter, eacli 
 composed of a small loop and large semi- 
 circle, thus C^ and O, (twice the size of 
 those representing A:;) writing either in con- 
 nection with other letters. Examples, ^ 
 did, COT) frwl, <&c. 
 
 82. TV may be omitted in such w^ords as 
 wrap, wreck, wretch, answer, sword, &c. 
 
 83. For the expression of ivh, see exposi- 
 tion of the double consonants, No. 97. 
 
 84. JC is also represented by two distinct 
 characters, each composed of a small curve 
 and oblique line, thus 'xand ^; using that 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 51 
 
 which most easily combines with the pre- 
 ceding letter. Examples, ^ sx, ^^ txt^ &c. 
 
 85. JThas the sound of z at the beginning 
 of proper names, as heard in JCanthus, Xeno- 
 j)hon, Xerxes, &c., and must be substituted 
 by that letter accordingly. 
 
 86. X may generally be substituted for 
 cks, or cts, at the end of a word; writing c^ 
 fx for facts, fix, and fox; /^ rx for racks ^ 
 ricks, rocks, and icrecks, &c. 
 
 87. Y, at the beginning of a word or syl- 
 lable, is represented thus 7 , (the reverse of 
 z /" ,) always commencing with the curve, as 
 in I- yt, l^ yng, &c. 
 
 88. ymust always be substituted for i, 
 in the final syllable of such words as billiards, 
 collier, million., onion, pinion, pannier, &c. 
 
 89. For the expression of y, in such words 
 as day, prey, many, marry, type, thyme, ty- 
 rant, &c. See exposition of the vowels a, 
 e and i; Nos. 102, 112, 113, 117. 
 
 90. Z is represented by a small curve and 
 oblique line, thus /" , (the reverse of 7 ?/,) 
 in all cases commencing at the top. Ex- 
 amples znk ^, zst (Z, &c. 
 
 91. Z may frequently be substituted for s. 
 
52 A COJITLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 when it has the hard hissing sound of the 
 former. 
 
 EXPOSITION OF THE DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 
 
 92. Ch. The sound of ch^ as heard in 
 charrrij chajUer^ child, chosen, church, &c., is 
 represented thus j , always commencin*; 
 with the curve. Examples, y:>, chl for ckili, 
 
 y-^ chng, for change, &c. 
 
 93. Ch having a hard sound like k, in chaos, 
 chorus, chemist, &c., must always be ex- 
 pressed by A; in such words accordingly ; 
 writing skem for scheme; skodl for school, &c. 
 
 94. Ch must be expressed by sh, in such 
 words as chagrin, cJtaise, chamade, chande- 
 lier, &c. 
 
 95. Sh is represented thus \ and /; the 
 first being an oblique line twice the length 
 of p, always commencing at the top, as in 
 
 \^ shrt, «&c.; the second is an oblique line 
 twice the length of d, and may be made 
 either by an ascending or descending move- 
 ment, as convenience of combination may 
 require. Examples, s/ psh, /y shtr, &c. 
 
 96. th. For the expression of ih, draw 
 the horizontal line for t, twice its usual 
 length, thus , as in r^ thm, — ^ 
 
 thnks, vfcc. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY, 5S 
 
 97. Wh. A small curve and perpendicu- 
 lar line, thus r , (the reverse of r/,) must be 
 used for the expression o^wh; as in the fol- 
 lowing examples, [^ lohen^ whin, L lohatj 
 whet, ichit, &c. 
 
 98. The first character representing A, 
 must be written instead of the above, lor ich, 
 in such words as whole, wholesome, icholly, 
 whoop, whoot, &c. 
 
 99. After the learner has given due atten- 
 tion to the foregoing illustrations, he may 
 commence joining the characters together, 
 and for his first practice, copy the examples 
 which have been introduced in the Steno- 
 graphical Copy Book, as the Fifth Lesson ; 
 writing each as many times as possible in 
 the space appropriated for that purpose. 
 
 100. The student must next proceed to ex- 
 press in Short-Hand, the following exercise, 
 and while writing each example as in the 
 previous lesson, endeavor to impress upon 
 his memory the words they respectively 
 stand for. 
 
54 
 
 A COMPLETE GUrDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE FIFTH. 
 
 
 With a view to facilitate the progress of the Learner, as much ' 
 
 
 as possible iu reading Short-Hand manuscript, the word or words | 
 
 
 which each example may denote, have bee 
 
 ti placed immediately 
 
 
 at the ri 
 
 ghi of the same: — for instance, 
 
 the letters bst, when 
 
 
 joined together, will stand for best and bust, leaving the writer | 
 
 
 in deciph 
 
 ering to be guided by the context, 
 
 which of those words 
 
 
 the characters were rntended'to express. 
 
 
 
 bnd 
 
 band, bend, bond, j 
 
 fst 
 
 fast, fist, fust, 
 
 
 bng 
 
 bang, bung, ! 
 
 flsh 95 
 
 flash, flesh, flush, 
 
 
 bsk 
 
 bask, busk. 
 
 frnd 
 
 friend. 
 
 
 bst 
 
 best bust, 
 
 frnk 
 
 frank. 
 
 
 bind 
 
 bland, blend, blond, 
 
 frst 
 
 first, frost, 
 
 
 blnk 
 
 blank, blink. 
 
 gg40 
 
 gift, y 
 
 
 blst 
 
 blast, blessed, 31 
 
 g't 
 
 
 brnk 
 
 brank, brink, 
 
 gmp 
 
 gimp, 
 
 
 bnch 92 
 
 bench, bunch. 
 
 berth, birth, breath, ; 
 
 grd 
 
 gird, guard, 
 
 
 brth96 
 
 gsh95 
 
 gash, gush, 
 
 
 bbl26 
 
 babble, bubble. 
 
 pt 
 hmp 
 
 guest, gust. 
 
 
 bba 
 
 bobbin, 
 
 hemp, hump. 
 
 
 be-km 27 
 
 became, become, 
 
 hnt 
 
 hint, hunt. 
 
 
 be-dk 
 
 bedeck. 
 
 hrd 
 
 hard, heard, herd, 
 
 
 be-din 
 
 bedim. 
 
 hrt 
 
 hart, heart, hurt, 
 
 
 he-frnd 
 
 befriend, 
 
 hsh95 
 
 hash, hush. 
 
 
 be.gt 
 
 begat, beget, begot, 
 behead, 
 
 jb 
 
 jib, job. 
 
 
 be-hd 
 
 I? 
 
 jagg, jig, jog, jug. 
 
 
 be-hld 
 
 beheld. 
 
 4m 
 
 jam, jamb, 25 gem, 45 
 
 
 be-lng 
 
 belong. 
 
 Jt 
 
 jet, jot, jut. 
 
 
 be-nm 
 
 benum. 
 
 ist 
 kl 
 
 jest, just. 
 
 
 be-qst 
 
 bequest. 
 
 cull, 47 kill, kiln, 56 
 
 
 be-rft 
 
 bereft 
 
 kp 
 
 cap, cop, cup. 
 
 
 be-st 
 
 besat, beset, besot, 
 
 krd 
 
 card, curd. 
 
 
 be-trst 
 
 betrust, 
 
 krv 
 
 carve, curve, 
 
 
 dd33 
 
 dad, dead, did. 
 
 kst 
 
 cast, cost. 
 
 
 dg 
 
 dag, dig, dog, dug, 
 
 king 
 
 clang, cling, clung. 
 
 
 amp 
 
 damp, dump, 
 
 krmp 
 
 cramp, crimp, crump, 
 
 
 dns28 
 
 dance, dense, dunce, 
 
 krsh 95 
 
 crash, crush. 
 
 
 drk 
 
 dark, dirk. 
 
 ktch 92 
 
 catch, ketch, 
 
 
 drm 
 
 dram, drum, 
 
 1ft 
 
 left, lift, loft, 
 
 
 drs 
 
 dress, dross. 
 
 imp 
 
 lami), limp, lump, 
 land, lend, 
 
 
 drt 
 
 dart, dirt. 
 
 Ind 
 
 
 dsk 
 
 desk, disk, dusk, 
 
 Ing 
 
 ling, long, lung. 
 
 
 dsh95 
 
 dash, dish, 
 
 ink 
 
 lank, link. 
 
 
 dth96 
 
 death, doth. 
 
 Int 
 
 lent, lint, lunt, 
 
 
 drft 35 
 
 draft, draujjht, drift, 
 drank, drink, drunk, 
 
 Irk 
 
 lark, lurk, 
 
 
 drnk 
 
 1st 
 
 last, lest, list lost lust, 
 
 
 fl 
 
 fell, fill, full. 
 
 mnk 
 
 mink, monk, 
 
 
 ffr36 
 
 feoffer. 
 
 mrk 64 
 
 mark, marque. 
 
 
 fnd 
 
 fend, fond. 
 
 msh 95 
 
 mash, mesh, mush. 
 
 
 frm 
 
 farm, firm, form, msk 64 
 
 mask, mosque, musk. 
 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 55 
 
 
 EXERCISE FIFTH i| 
 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 1 
 — — — — ^— — ^ 1 
 
 ninr 
 
 manner, manor, 
 
 qstn 
 
 — — -1 
 
 question, '. 
 
 mrn 
 
 morn, mourn, 
 
 rft 
 
 raft, reft, rift, ! 
 
 mmbr 54 
 
 member. 
 
 rnk 
 
 rank, ; 
 
 iiingl 
 
 mangle, mmgle, 
 
 rnt 
 
 rant, rent, runt, ; 
 
 1 ninth 96 
 
 month, 
 
 rsh 95 
 
 rash, rush, 
 
 mrkt 
 
 market. 
 
 rsk 
 
 risk, rusk, • 
 
 mrsl 
 
 morsel. 
 
 rmpl 
 rnnm. 
 
 rimple, rumple, i 
 random, i 
 
 mrtl 
 
 mortal, myrtle, 
 
 mrtr 
 
 martyr, mortar, 
 
 mdr 
 
 render. 
 
 mrvl 
 
 marvel, 
 
 rnkl 
 
 rankle, wrinkle, 82 
 
 mstr 
 
 master, muster, 
 
 rnsm 
 
 ransom. 
 
 nk 
 
 knack, 4S knock, nick, 
 
 rstk 
 
 rustic, 47 
 
 "P=» 
 
 knap, nap, nip, 
 
 re-dm 67 
 
 redeem, 
 
 nn57 
 
 none, nun, 
 
 re-drs 
 
 redress, 
 
 nmf 
 
 nymph, 35 
 
 re-fr 
 
 refer, 
 
 nml 
 
 animal, enamel, 
 
 re-grd 
 re-Int 
 
 regard, 
 relent. 
 
 nrv 
 
 nerve. 
 
 ntr 
 
 enter, inter, 
 
 re-lx 84 
 
 relax. 
 
 nktr 
 
 nectar, 47 
 
 re-mmbr 
 
 remember. 
 
 nmbr 
 
 number. 
 
 re-mrk 
 
 remark. 
 
 npkn 
 
 napkin, 
 
 re-ms 
 
 remiss. 
 
 pack, peck, pick. 
 
 re-pl 
 
 repel. 
 
 P"1P.<, 
 
 pimp, pomp, pump. 
 
 re-pnt 
 
 repent, 
 
 ppl62 
 
 people, 
 
 re-pst 
 
 repast, 
 
 prl 
 
 pearl, purl, 
 
 re-ss 74 
 
 recess. 
 
 pst 
 
 past, pest, 
 
 re-sst 
 
 resist. 
 
 pth96 
 
 path, pith. 
 
 re-spnd 
 
 respond, 
 
 pdlr 
 
 padler, pedlar. 
 
 re-trd 
 
 retard. 
 
 pink 
 
 plank. 
 
 re-trn 
 
 return. 
 
 pnch 92 
 
 pinch, punch. 
 
 re-vng 
 
 revenge, 
 
 pndr 
 
 pander, ponder. 
 
 re-vrs 
 
 reverse, 
 
 pnmn 
 
 penman, 
 
 re-vrt 
 
 revert, 
 
 ppln 62 
 
 poplin, 
 
 sft 
 
 sift, soft. 
 
 prdn 
 
 pardon, 
 parallel. 
 
 skm 
 
 scum, skim. 
 
 prll52 
 
 snf 
 
 sniff\ snijff, 
 spell, spill. 
 
 prns 
 
 prance, prince, 28 
 
 spl 
 
 prsh 9o 
 
 parish, perish, 
 
 spr 
 
 spar^ spur, 
 staff, stiff. 
 
 prsl 
 
 parcel, 28 
 
 stf 
 
 pstr 
 
 pastor, pester. 
 
 stp 
 
 step, stopj 
 
 pttr 77 
 
 patter, potter, 
 
 swm 
 
 swam, swim, swum. 
 
 qk 
 
 quack, quick, 
 
 sing 
 
 slang, slin^, slung, 
 slink, slunk. 
 
 qi 
 
 quell, quill. 
 
 sink 
 
 qkn 
 
 quicken, 
 
 smpl 
 
 sample, simple, 
 
 qlt 
 
 quilt. 
 
 spnk 
 
 spank, spink, spunk. 
 
 qrk 
 
 quirk, 
 
 sppr 62 
 
 sapper, supper, ! 
 
 qrl 
 
 quarrel, querl, 
 
 sstm 74 
 
 system. 
 
 qrt 
 
 quart, 
 
 sstr 
 
 sister. 
 
 qnch 92 
 
 quench, 
 
 stmp 
 
 stamp, stump. 
 
 1 qntm 
 
 quantum, 
 
 stng 
 
 stang, sting, stung, 
 
56 
 
 A C031PLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE FIFTH ^ | 
 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 
 tkl 
 
 tackle, tickle. 
 
 xprt 
 
 expert, export. 
 
 tug 
 
 tang, tongue. 
 
 xtnt 
 
 extant, extent. 
 
 trn 
 
 tern, torn, turn. 
 
 yi 
 
 yell. 
 
 tsk 
 
 task, tusk. 
 
 ys 
 
 yes. 
 
 ttl 77 
 
 tattle, little. 
 
 >'J 
 
 yacht, yet. 
 
 tmpr 
 
 tamper, temper. 
 
 ylp 
 
 yelp. 
 
 tndr 
 
 tender, tinder. 
 
 yng 
 
 yrd 
 
 young. 
 
 tngl 
 
 tangle, tingle. 
 
 yard. 
 
 "■"^Po. 
 
 tramp, tromp, trump. 
 
 yrk 
 
 yerk. 
 
 trth 96 
 
 troth, truth. 
 
 ym 
 
 yarn, yem. 
 
 vmp 
 vnd 
 
 vamp, 
 vend. 
 
 zfr 
 znk 
 
 zaffir, zephyr. 61 
 zinc. 
 
 vnm 
 
 venom. 
 
 zst 
 
 zest. 
 
 vnt 
 
 vent. 
 
 chf 92 
 
 chaff, chuff. 
 
 vrg 
 
 verge. 
 
 chp 
 
 chap, chip, chop. 
 
 vrs 
 
 verse. 
 
 cht 
 
 chat, chit. 
 
 vsl 
 
 vassal, vessel. 
 
 chmp 
 
 champ, chump. 
 
 vst 
 
 vast, vest. 
 
 chns 
 
 chance. 
 
 vxnS4 
 
 vixen. 
 
 chnt 
 
 chant. 
 
 vrbl 
 
 verbal. 
 
 chrm 
 
 charm. 
 
 vrgn 
 
 virgin. 
 
 chrt 
 
 chart. 
 
 vrmn 
 
 vermin. 
 
 chst 
 
 chest. 
 
 vml 
 
 vernal. 
 
 chptr 
 
 chapter. 
 
 vspr 
 
 vesper. 
 
 shn 95 
 
 shin, shun. 
 
 vstl 
 
 vestal. 
 
 shd 
 
 shad, shed, shod. 
 
 wt 
 
 wet, wit. 
 
 shp 
 
 ship, shop. 
 
 wft 
 
 waft, weft. 
 
 shft 
 
 shaft, shift. 
 
 wit 
 
 welt, wilt. 
 
 shlf 
 
 shell. 
 
 wnd 
 
 wand, wend, wind. 
 
 shrk 
 
 shark. 
 
 wng 
 
 wang, wing. 
 
 shrp 
 
 sharp. 
 
 wnk 
 
 wink. 
 
 shtr 
 
 shatter shutter. 
 
 wnt 
 
 want, went, wont. 
 
 shltr 
 
 shelter. 
 
 wrd 
 
 ward, word. 
 
 shngl 
 
 shingle. 
 
 wrm 
 
 warm, worm. 
 
 thn96 
 
 than, then, thin. 
 
 wrn 
 
 warn, worn. 
 
 thr 
 
 their, there. 
 
 wsh 95 
 
 wash, wish. 
 
 ths 
 
 this, thus. 
 
 wsp 
 
 wasp, wisp. 
 
 thnk 
 
 thank, think. 
 
 wtch 92 
 
 watch, witch. 
 
 thrd 
 
 third, thread. ; 
 
 wndr 
 
 wander, wonder. 
 
 thndr 
 
 thunder. • 
 
 wlkm 
 
 welcome. 
 
 thrft 
 
 thrift. 
 
 wntr 
 
 winter. 
 
 thrng 
 
 throng. 
 
 wsdm 
 
 wisdom. 
 
 thrsh 
 
 thrash, thresh, thrush.! 
 
 TS 
 
 excess. 
 
 thrst 
 
 thirst, thrust. 
 
 xmn 
 
 examine. 
 
 whf97 
 
 whiff. 
 
 xmt 
 
 exempt. 60 
 
 whm 
 
 whim. 
 
 xpl 59 
 
 expel. 
 
 whn 
 
 when, whin. j 
 
 xst 
 
 exist. 
 
 whr 
 
 where. j 
 
 xpnd 59 
 
 expand, expend. 
 
 wht 
 
 what, whet, whit. 
 
 xprs 
 
 express. 
 
 whip 
 
 whelp. • 
 
SCIENCE Of STENOGEAPIIY. 57 
 
 EXPOSITION OF THE VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 101. A. The long slender sound of a, 
 as heard in age, ake, ale, base, face, pare, tare, 
 &c., is represented thus 1 at the beginning 
 of a word, and thus ^ or p , when preceded 
 by other characters. Examples, V ^i^'? 
 'L &te, ^ larne, ^ rare, &c. 
 
 102. The long slender a must be substi- 
 tuted for the diphthongs, ai, an, ay, ea, ei, and 
 ey, in such words as aid, gauge, nay, reign, 
 prey, &c. 
 
 103. The long Italian &, at the beginning 
 of a word, as heard in alms, ardor, army, 
 <&c., is represented thus S • Examples, V 
 iirch, °^ ark, &c. 
 
 104. The short Italian a, at the beginning 
 of a word, as heard in add, act, ant, &c., is 
 represented thus p . Examples, 6^ answer, 
 
 «; \ attend, B-^ attempt, &c. 
 
 105. The long or short Italian a, occur- 
 ring in the middle or at the end of a word, 
 may be expressed thus "^ or p . Examples, 
 "p, balm, ^ Id, <rv^ curd, &c. 
 
 106. The same characters ( S and P ) must 
 also be used to express the diphthong au, in 
 such words as aunt, daunt, jjaunt, laug] 
 launch, (fee. ^ 
 
58 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 107. The broad German a, au and aw, 
 may be expressed thus ex or R , as in ^\y 
 
 dltar and alter, *\ / author, °Cy daughter, 
 
 Av draw, — \thaiD, &c. 
 
 108. Oa and ou, have sometimes the sound 
 of au, and must be expressed by the same 
 characters accordingly. Examples, ^ 
 broad, — ^ thought, &c. 
 
 109. When the long sound of e as heard 
 in eagle, east, beam, deem, &c., occurs at the 
 beginning of a word, it is represented thus 
 'N . Examples, ^ each, v ear, &c. 
 
 110. The short sound of e, at the begin- 
 ning of a word, as heard in ebb, edge, etch, &c., 
 is represented thus <?>. . Examples, V irr, 
 V^ earn, &c. 
 
 111. The long or short sound of e occur- 
 ring in the middle or at the end of a word, 
 it may be expressed thus <n or <^ . Exam- 
 ples, ^ fear, ^ free, ^ ^^i authoress, e^a^ 
 
 comet, &c. 
 
 1 12. JS must be substituted for the diph- 
 thongs, ea, ee, ei, ey, and ie, in the words, 
 beast, beer, ceil, key, liege, &c. 
 
 1 13. / and y must be expressed by e, in such 
 words as fatigue, intrigue, marine, fancy, 
 mercy, &c. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 59 
 
 114. When the long diphthongal sound of 
 i, (as heard in ice, idol, item, fight, light, 
 mine, time, cfec.,) occurs at the beginning of 
 a word, it is represented thus a- . Exam- 
 ples, B-^ iron, o — rs item,, &c. 
 
 1 15. The short sound of l, at the begin- 
 ning of a word, as heard in ill, imp, itch, &c., 
 is represented thus °-. Examples, o.,^ inch, 
 «-vj{^ ink, &c. 
 
 116. The long or short sound of i, when 
 written in conjunction with, and preceded 
 by other characters, may be expressed thus 
 <r- or "^ . Examples, '''"^— high, hie, \» — , night, 
 \^ pride, r>Qrc\ mimic, V-v panic, &c. 
 
 117. The diphthongs ei, eye, ie, ui and uy, 
 also y, sounding like i long, in such words as 
 height, eyelid, lie, guide, buy, tyjye, tyrant, &c. 
 must be expressed by the same characters. 
 
 118. Oi and oy. For the expression of 
 oi and oy, make the loops of the characters 
 representing i, twice their usual size, thus 
 a- and ^. Examples, o~) oil 'n^ oyster, 
 c-o- joy, ^~a-o join, -^ noise, &c. 
 
 119. The long open 6, as heard in old, 
 Open, hope, more, sore, tone, &c., is represent- 
 ed thus </ , at the beginning of a word. Ex- 
 amples, o/ ode, y^ oral, &c. 
 
60 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 120. The short and broad sounds of o, as 
 lieard in object^ observe^ organ, orphan, &c., 
 are represented thus <^ at the beginning of 
 a word. Examples, a/1 iippress, yi ordeal, 
 &c. 
 
 121. When the long, short or broad sound 
 of 0, occurs in the middle or at the end ol' a 
 ^vord, it may be expressed thus </ or ,^ . 
 Examples, ni/ mode, o^ moan, ^^^, carol, 
 yf sord, &c. 
 
 122. Oa, oe oo, ou, ew and eau, sound 
 like the long open o in such words as boar, 
 foe, floor, pour, slow, sew, beau, &c., and must 
 therefore be expressed by the same char- 
 acters. 
 
 123. The long close 6, and 66, as heard in 
 l6se, m6ve, pr6ve, 7'66m, sp66n, t66l, &c. must be 
 expressed by making the loops of the char- 
 acters representing the long open, short and 
 broad o, twice their usual size — thus c/ and 
 
 6 . Examples, a^ l6se, n^ m66n, \9^ 
 n66n, &c. 
 
 124. The long close 6 must be substituted 
 for the diphthongs eu, oe, ou, and ico, in such 
 words as rheum, canoe, shoe, croup, soup, 
 tour, tico, &c. 
 
 125. The long sound of a, as heard in 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 61 
 
 union, unity, pupil, tutor, &c., is represented 
 thus ^ at the beginning of a word. Ex- 
 amples, ^ use, ^ unite, &c. 
 
 126. The short and middle sounds of u, 
 as heard in iincle, upper, urge, urn, &c., are 
 represented thus /» at the beginning of a 
 word. Examples, £y Utter, ^„^ urchin, 
 &c. 
 
 127. The long, short, or middle sound of 
 u, may be expressed thus ^ or /» when 
 written in conjunction with, and preceded 
 by other characters. Examples, <^ rule, 
 -^ tune, "-^ gamut, &c. 
 
 128. ^may be substituted for eu, ew, ue, 
 ieu, and iew, in such words as feud, few, 
 glue, lieu, view, &c. 
 
 129. Ue must be omitted in the words 
 fatigue, intrigue, oblique, &c. 
 
 130. The sound of the diphthongs ou and 
 oiD, as heard in hour, sour, boicer, tower, 
 &c., is expressed by making the loops of 
 the characters representing u twice their 
 usual size, thus 9 and/o. Examples, 
 
 y* now, — 7^ thou, ifec. 
 
 6 
 
62 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTH. 
 
 
 
 Examples for the 
 
 Learner's 
 
 practice. 
 
 
 ad 101 
 
 aid. 102 
 
 la 
 
 lay. 
 
 
 a 
 
 age. 
 
 lad 
 
 lade, laid. 
 
 
 ake, ache. 
 
 lam 
 
 lame. 
 
 
 al 
 
 ale, ail. 
 
 Ian 
 
 lane, lain. 
 
 
 am 
 
 aim. 
 
 lat 
 
 late. 
 
 
 ap 
 
 ape. 
 
 mad 
 
 made, maid. 
 
 
 ar 
 
 air, ere, e'er, heir. 102 
 
 mal 
 
 male, mail. 
 
 
 at 
 
 ate, eight. 102 
 
 man 
 
 mane, main. 
 
 
 bl 
 
 bay, bey. 102 
 
 mar 
 
 mare, mayor. 102 
 
 
 bab 
 
 babe. 
 
 mat 
 
 mate. 
 
 
 bak 
 
 bake. 
 
 maz 
 
 maze, maize. 
 
 
 ba'i 
 
 bale, bail. 102 
 
 na 
 
 nay, neigh. 102 
 
 
 ban 
 
 bane. 
 
 nal 
 
 nail. 
 
 
 bar 
 
 bare, bear. 102 
 
 nar 
 
 nave, knave. 48 
 
 
 bas 
 
 base, biss. 
 
 pa 
 
 pay. 
 
 
 bat 
 
 bate, bait. 
 
 pad 
 
 paid. 
 
 
 baz 
 
 baize, bays. 91 
 
 pal 
 
 pale, pail. 
 
 
 da 
 
 day, dey. 102 
 
 pan 
 
 pane, pain. 
 
 
 dil 
 
 dale. 
 
 par 
 
 pare, pair, pear. 
 
 
 dam 
 
 dame. 
 
 qak 
 
 quake. 
 
 
 i dan 
 
 dane, deign. 102 
 
 qal 
 
 quail. 
 
 
 dar 
 
 dare. 
 
 ra 
 
 ray. 
 
 
 dat 
 fad 
 
 date, 
 fade. 
 
 3f 
 
 rage, 
 rail. 
 
 
 fall 
 
 fail. 
 
 ran 
 
 rane, rain, rein, reign. 
 
 
 fam 
 
 fume. 
 
 rang 
 
 range. 
 
 
 fan 
 
 fane, fain, feign. 
 
 far 
 
 rare. 
 
 
 (ant 
 
 faint, faint. 
 
 rat 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 far 
 
 fare, fair. 
 
 sa 
 
 say. 
 sale, sail. 
 
 
 ; fas 
 
 face. 28 
 
 sal 
 
 
 fat 
 
 fate. 
 
 sam 
 
 same, saim. 
 
 
 fath 
 
 faith. 96 
 
 sant 
 
 saint. 
 
 
 ga 
 
 gay- 
 
 tal 
 
 tale, tail. 
 
 
 gae 
 gal 
 
 gage, gauge. 102 
 gale. 
 
 tam 
 tant 
 
 tame, 
 taint. 
 
 
 gam 
 
 game. 
 
 tap 
 
 tape. 
 
 
 gau 
 
 gain. 
 
 tar 
 
 tare, tear. 
 
 
 gat 
 
 gate, gait. 
 
 val 
 
 vale, vail, veil. 102 
 
 
 ff 
 
 gaze. 
 
 van 
 
 vane, vain, vein. 
 
 
 hay, hey. 102 
 
 vas 
 
 va§e. 
 
 
 hal 
 
 hale, hail. 
 
 wa 
 
 way, weigh. 102 
 
 
 hSr 
 
 hare, hair. 
 
 wad 
 
 wade, weighed. 
 
 
 hit 
 
 hate. 
 
 wal 
 
 wale, wail. 
 
 
 & 
 
 jade. 
 
 wan 
 war 
 
 wane, wain, 
 ware, wear. 
 
 
 V 
 
 jail, gaol. 45 
 
 wast 
 
 waste, waist. 
 
 
 Q 
 
 jane. 
 
 kale, kayle. 102 
 
 wat 
 
 wav 
 
 wait, weight, 
 wave, waive. 
 
 
 kas 
 
 case. 
 
 ya 
 
 yea. 
 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTH \\ 
 
 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 
 
 ech 109 
 
 each. 
 
 lev 
 
 leave. 
 
 
 ek 
 
 eke. 
 
 med' 
 
 mead, meed. 
 
 
 el 
 
 eel. 
 
 mek 
 
 meek. 
 
 
 en 
 
 e'en. 
 
 mel 
 
 meal. 
 
 
 er 
 
 ear. 
 
 men 
 
 mean, mien. 112 t 
 
 
 es 
 
 ease. 
 
 m5r 
 
 mere. 
 
 
 tst 
 
 east. 
 
 met 
 
 meat, meet, mete. 
 
 
 et 
 
 eat. 
 
 ne 
 
 knee. 48 
 
 
 ev 
 
 eve. 
 
 ned 
 
 need, kneed, knead. 
 
 
 be 111 
 
 bee. 
 
 nel 
 
 kneel. 
 
 
 bed 
 
 bead. 112 
 
 n5p 
 
 neap. . 
 
 
 bef 
 
 beef. 
 
 n5r 
 
 near. 
 
 
 bek 
 
 beak. 
 
 net 
 
 neat. 
 
 
 bem 
 
 beam. 
 
 pel 
 
 peal, peel. 
 
 
 ben 
 
 bean. 
 
 per 
 
 peer, pier. . j 
 
 
 bar 
 
 beer, bier. 112 
 
 qeu 
 
 quean, queen. 
 
 
 bet 
 
 beat, beet. 
 
 qer 
 
 queer. t 
 
 
 ded 
 
 deed. 
 
 rJch 
 
 reach. i 
 
 
 del 
 
 deal. 
 
 red 
 
 r?ad, reed. i 
 
 
 dem 
 
 deeoi. 
 
 ref 
 
 reef. \ 
 
 
 dea 
 
 deaa. ^ 
 
 r.k 
 
 reek. 
 
 
 dep 
 
 deep. 
 
 rcl 
 
 reel. 
 
 
 der 
 
 dear, deer. 
 
 rem 
 
 ream. 
 
 
 fe 
 
 fee. 
 
 r5p 
 
 reap. 
 
 
 fed 
 
 feed. 
 
 rer 
 
 rear. 
 
 
 fel 
 
 feel. 
 
 se 
 
 sea, see. 
 
 
 feld 
 
 field. 112 
 
 sed 
 
 seed, cede. 
 
 
 fer 
 
 fear. 
 
 sek 
 
 seek. 
 
 
 fest 
 
 feast. 
 
 sel 
 
 seal, ceil. 
 
 
 fet 
 
 feat, feet. 
 
 sera 
 
 seam, seem. 
 
 
 ger 
 
 gear. 
 
 sen 
 
 seen, scene, seine. 
 
 
 ges 
 
 geese. 
 
 ser 
 
 sear, seer, cere. 
 
 
 bed 
 
 heed. 
 
 set 
 
 seat. 
 
 
 hel 
 
 heal, heel. 
 
 te 
 
 tea. 
 
 
 hep 
 
 heap. 
 
 tern 
 
 team, teem. 
 
 
 her 
 
 hear, here. 
 
 ter 
 
 tear, tier. 
 
 
 het 
 
 heat. 
 
 teth 
 
 teeth. 
 
 
 heth 
 
 heath. 
 
 vel 
 
 veal. 
 
 
 jer 
 k 1 
 
 jeer. 
 
 ver 
 
 veer. 
 
 
 keel. 
 
 wed 
 
 weed. 
 
 
 kga 
 
 keen. 
 
 wek 
 
 weak, week. 
 
 
 kep 
 
 keep. 
 
 wel 
 
 weal, weel. 
 
 
 15 
 
 lee, ley. 
 leach, leech. 
 
 weld 
 
 wield. 
 
 
 lech 
 
 wen 
 
 wean. 
 
 
 led 
 
 lead, 
 
 wep 
 
 weep. 
 
 
 lef 
 
 leaf, lief. 
 
 yeld 
 
 yield. 
 
 
 lek 
 
 leak, leek. 
 
 yen 
 
 yean. 
 
 
 len 
 
 lean. 
 
 yer 
 
 year. 1 
 
 
 I5p 
 
 leap. 
 
 zel 
 
 zeal. 
 
64 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTH 
 
 
 
 [COMTINUED.] 
 
 
 idl 
 
 die, idol. 
 
 mit 
 
 mite, might. 
 
 
 idr 
 
 sider. 
 
 nl 
 
 nigh. 
 
 
 il 
 
 sle. 
 
 knife 
 
 knife. 
 
 
 Irn 
 
 ion. 
 
 nin 
 
 nine. 
 
 
 itm 
 
 tern. 
 
 nit 
 
 night, knight. 
 
 
 bi 
 
 by, buy. 
 
 P', 
 
 pie, pye. 
 
 j 
 
 bid 
 
 bide. 
 
 pil 
 
 pile. 
 
 i 
 
 bU 
 
 bile 
 
 pin 
 
 pine. 
 
 
 bit 
 
 bite, bight. 
 
 pip 
 
 pipe. 
 
 
 di 
 
 die, dye. 
 
 qir 
 
 quire, choir. 
 
 
 dik 
 
 dike. 
 
 ri 
 
 rye, ^vry. 82 
 
 
 dim 
 
 dime. 
 
 rid 
 
 ride. 
 
 
 dimnd 
 
 diamond. 
 
 rlin 
 
 rime, rhyme. 
 
 
 dlQ 
 
 dine. 
 
 rip 
 
 ripe. 
 
 
 dir 
 
 dire, dyer. 
 
 rit 
 
 rite writerightwright.il 
 
 dis 
 
 dice. 
 
 ritr 
 
 righter, writer. 
 
 
 diT 
 
 dive. 
 
 si 
 
 sigh. 
 
 
 fl 
 
 fie, fy. 
 
 sid 
 
 side. 
 
 
 fif 
 
 fife.-' 
 
 sidl 
 
 sidle. 
 
 
 fll 
 
 file. 
 
 sin 
 
 sign, sine. 
 
 
 fin 
 
 fine. 
 
 sir 
 
 sire. 
 
 
 find 
 
 find. 
 
 sTrn 
 
 siren. 
 
 
 finl 
 
 final. 
 
 sit 
 
 site, sight, cit« 
 
 28 
 
 fir 
 
 fire. 
 
 sith 
 
 sythe. 117 
 
 
 fit 
 
 fight. 
 
 ti 
 
 tie,tye. 
 
 
 fiv 
 
 five. 
 
 tid 
 
 tide, tied. 
 
 
 gid 
 
 guide. 
 
 lik 
 
 tike, tyke. 
 
 
 S' 
 
 guile. 
 
 til 
 
 tile. 
 
 
 lie, high. 
 
 tim 
 
 time, thyme. 
 
 
 hid 
 
 hide. 
 
 tip 
 
 type. 117 
 
 
 hind 
 
 hind. 
 
 llr 
 
 tire, tyer. 
 
 
 hir 
 
 hire, higher. 
 
 tit 
 
 tight. 
 
 
 hit 
 
 hisht, height, 
 kile. 
 
 tith 
 
 tithe. 
 
 
 kil 
 
 vi 
 
 vie. 
 
 
 kin 
 
 kine. 
 
 vil 
 
 vile. 
 
 
 kit 
 
 kite. 
 
 Tin 
 
 vine. 
 
 
 li 
 
 lie, lye. 
 
 vipr 
 
 viper. 
 
 
 libl 
 
 libel. 
 
 vis 
 
 vise, vice. 
 
 
 llf 
 
 life. 
 
 visr 
 
 visor. 
 
 
 likn 
 
 liken, lichen. 93 
 
 Titl 
 
 vital. 
 
 
 Urn 
 
 lime. 
 
 wid 
 
 wide. 
 
 
 lin 
 
 line. 
 
 wif 
 
 wife. 
 
 
 lir 
 
 liar, lier, lyre. 
 
 wil 
 
 wile. 
 
 
 lit 
 
 light. 
 
 wild 
 
 wild. 
 
 
 mil 
 
 mile. 
 
 win 
 
 wine. 
 
 
 mild 
 
 mild. 
 
 wip 
 
 wipe. 
 
 
 ! min 
 
 mine. 
 
 wir 
 
 wire. 
 
 
 1 minr 
 
 miner, minor. 
 
 ! Wis 
 
 wise. 
 
 
 fmir 
 
 mire. 
 
 1 wit i wight. 
 
 
SCIENCE OF 6TEN06RAPHT. 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTH J 
 
 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 
 
 oba 101 
 
 obey. 102 
 
 kor 
 
 core, corps. 60 
 
 
 od 
 
 ode. 
 
 kors 
 
 coarse, corse, course. 
 
 
 odm 
 
 odium. 
 
 kort 
 
 court. 
 
 
 odr 
 
 odor. 
 
 kost 
 
 coast. 
 
 
 of 
 
 oaf. 122 
 
 kot 
 
 coat, cote. 
 
 
 ogl 
 ok 
 
 ogle. 
 
 kor 
 
 cove. 
 
 
 oak. 
 
 16 
 
 lo, low. i 
 
 
 okr 
 
 ochre. 93 
 
 lod 
 
 load, lode. 
 
 
 old 
 
 old. 
 
 lorn 
 
 l6am. 
 
 
 omn 
 
 omen. 
 
 loa 
 
 l5an, lone. 
 
 
 on 
 
 own. 122 
 
 lot 
 
 lote. 
 
 
 onr 
 
 owner. 
 
 15th 
 
 loathe. 96 
 
 
 op 
 
 ope. 
 
 mo 
 
 mow. 
 
 
 opl 
 
 opal. 
 
 mdd 
 
 mode. 
 
 
 opm 
 
 opium. 
 
 mol 
 
 mole. 
 
 
 or 
 
 oar. ore, o'er. 122 
 
 m6ld 
 
 mold, mould. 
 
 
 orl 
 
 oral. 
 
 moa 
 
 moan. 
 
 
 oshn 
 
 ocean. 
 
 mop 
 
 mope. ' 
 
 
 6th 96 
 
 oath. 
 
 m6r 
 
 more, mower. | 
 
 
 ovl 
 
 oval. 
 
 m6rn 
 
 mourn. j 
 
 
 bo 
 
 bo, bow, beau. 122 
 
 most 
 
 most. 
 
 
 bod 
 
 bode. 
 
 motv 
 
 motive. 
 
 
 bol 
 
 bole, boll, bowl. 
 
 Dol 
 
 knoll. 48 
 
 
 bolt 
 
 b5lt. 
 
 not 
 
 note. r 
 
 
 bor 
 
 boar, bore. 
 
 p6ch 
 
 poach. 92 
 
 
 bord 
 
 board, bored. 
 
 por 
 
 pore, p6ur. 
 
 
 bost 
 
 boast. 
 
 q6l 
 
 quote. 
 
 
 bOt 
 
 boat. 
 
 r6 
 
 roe, row. 
 
 
 do 
 
 doe, dough. 
 
 rob 
 
 robe. 
 
 
 dol 
 
 dole. 
 
 rod 
 
 road, rSwed. 
 
 
 dor 
 
 door. 
 
 rol 
 
 role, roll. 
 
 
 dot 
 
 doat, dote. 
 
 ron 
 
 roan. 
 
 
 ft 
 
 foe. 
 
 rot 
 
 rote, wrote. 82 
 
 
 fol 
 
 foal. 
 
 so 
 
 so, sow. 
 
 
 fotn 
 
 foam. 
 
 sol 
 
 sole, soul. 
 
 
 for 
 
 fore, four. 122 
 
 sold 
 
 sold, souled. 
 
 
 god 
 
 goad. 
 
 sor 
 
 soar, sore. 
 
 
 gol 
 
 goal. 
 
 s6rd 
 
 soared, sord, sword. 82 
 
 
 gor 
 
 goar, goer, gore. 
 
 to 
 
 to, toe, t6w. 
 
 
 ho 
 
 ho, hoe. 122 
 
 t6d 
 
 toad, towed. 
 
 
 hom 
 
 home, holm. 51 
 
 t6l 
 
 tole, toll. 
 
 
 hon 
 
 hone. 
 
 t6ld 
 
 told, tolled. 
 
 
 hop 
 
 hope. 
 
 vog 
 vokl 
 
 vogue. 
 
 
 jok 
 
 joke. 
 
 vocal. 
 
 
 iol 
 koch 92 
 
 jole, joll. 
 
 vol 
 
 vole. 
 
 
 coach. 28 
 
 vot 
 
 vote. 
 
 
 kol 
 
 coal, cole. 
 
 wo 
 
 woe. 
 
 
 kom 
 
 comb. 25 
 
 wod 
 
 woad. 
 
 
 kon 
 
 cone. 
 
 wov 
 
 wove. 1 
 
66 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTH 
 
 [CONTIKUED.] 
 
 UUt 
 
 unit 
 
 us 
 
 usr 
 
 bugl 
 
 blu 
 
 brut 
 
 du 
 
 dus 
 
 dru 
 
 fu 
 
 fud 
 
 fudl 
 
 ful 
 
 fum 
 
 fure 
 
 flu 
 
 fluk 
 
 flut 
 
 frut 
 
 glu 
 
 humd 
 humn 
 
 ^Ql 
 
 julr 
 
 jure 
 
 jurr 69 
 
 klu 
 
 krud 
 
 krul 
 
 krus 
 
 lu 
 
 lud 
 
 luk 
 1 lukr 
 
 lun 
 
 Ifinr 
 llur 
 
 lus 
 
 liisfr 
 
 lul 
 
 mu 
 
 mul 
 
 mur 
 
 miirl 
 
 mas 
 
 unit. 
 
 unite. 
 
 use. 
 
 user. 
 
 bugle. 
 
 blewjblue. 127 
 
 brute, bruit. 
 
 dew, due. 
 
 deuce, deuse. 
 
 drew. 
 
 few. 
 
 feud. 
 
 feudal. 
 
 fuel. 
 
 fume. 
 
 fury. 113 
 
 flew, flue. 
 
 fluke. 
 
 flute. 
 
 fruit. 
 
 glue. 
 
 grew. 
 
 hew, hue. 
 
 humid. 
 
 human. 
 
 jew. 
 
 jewel. 
 
 jeweller. 
 
 jury. 113 
 
 juror. 
 
 clew. 
 
 crude. 
 
 crewel, cruel. 
 
 cruise, cruse. 
 
 lieu. 
 
 lewd. 
 
 luke. 
 
 lucre. 
 
 lune. 
 
 lunar 
 
 lure. 
 
 luce. 
 
 lucifer. 
 
 lute. 
 
 mew. mue. 
 
 mewl, mule. 
 
 mure 
 
 mural. 
 
 mutne 
 
 mutner 
 
 nu 
 
 nud 
 
 nus 
 
 nutr 
 
 niitrl 
 
 pugl 
 
 pul 
 
 pun 
 
 pQne 
 
 pupl 
 
 pur 
 
 pus 
 
 pfltr 
 
 pQtrr 69 
 
 plum 
 
 plurl 
 
 prud 
 
 prun 
 
 qbb 
 
 qbk 
 
 qkmbr 
 
 rud 
 
 rul 
 
 rumr 
 
 rurl 
 
 su 
 
 surl 
 
 sut 
 
 sutr 
 
 slu 
 
 slus 
 
 spum 
 
 stii 
 
 stupd 
 
 stnpr 
 
 t& 
 
 tub 
 
 tCmd 
 
 tumlt 
 
 tfimr 
 
 tun 
 
 tfitr 
 
 tru 
 
 trus 
 
 vu 
 
 yra 
 
 mutiny. 113 
 
 mutineer. 
 
 new. 
 
 nude. 
 
 news. 
 
 neuter. 
 
 neutral. 
 
 pew. 
 
 pugil. 
 
 pule. 
 
 puisne. 71 
 
 puny. 113 
 
 pupil. 
 
 pure. 
 
 puce. 
 
 pewter. 
 
 pewterer. 
 
 plume. 
 
 plural. 
 
 prude. 
 
 prune. 
 
 cubeb. 65 
 
 cubic. 
 
 cucumber. 
 
 rude. 
 
 rule. 
 
 rumor. 
 
 rural. 
 
 sue. 
 
 sural. 
 
 suit, suite. 
 
 suitor. 
 
 slew, slue. 
 
 sluice. 
 
 spume. 
 
 stew. 
 
 stupid. 
 
 stupor. 
 
 tew. 
 
 tube. 
 
 tumid. 
 
 tumult. 
 
 tumor. 
 
 tune. 
 
 tutor. 
 
 true. 
 
 truce. 
 
 view. 
 
 yule. 
 
SCIENOE OF STENOGRAFHT. 
 
 67 
 
 
 EXERCISE 
 
 SEVENTH. 1 
 
 
 
 Examples for the Learner's practice. [ 
 
 
 ams 103 
 
 alms. 51 
 
 autm 
 
 autumn. 56 
 
 
 ant 
 
 aunt. 106 
 
 authr 96 
 
 author. 
 
 
 arbr 
 
 arbor. 
 
 bauk 
 
 balk. 51 
 
 
 arch 92 
 
 arch. 
 
 haul 
 
 ball, bawl. 
 
 
 ardr 
 
 ardor. 
 
 bauld 
 
 bald, bawled. 
 
 
 ark 28 
 
 arc, ark. 
 
 baut 
 
 bought. 108, 38 
 
 
 arm 
 
 arm. 
 
 brand 
 
 broad. 108 
 
 
 arme 
 
 army. 113 
 
 braut 
 
 brought. 
 
 
 armr 
 
 armor. 
 
 dau 
 
 daw. 
 
 
 as 
 
 ass. 
 
 daub 
 
 daub. 
 
 
 asp 
 
 asp. 
 
 daun 
 
 dawn. 
 
 
 Sdl04 
 
 add. 
 
 dautr 
 
 daughter. 38 
 
 
 idr 
 
 adder. 
 
 drau 
 
 draw. 
 
 
 aft 
 
 aft. 
 
 draul 
 
 drawl. 
 
 
 ilm 
 
 alum. 
 
 faul 
 
 fall. 
 
 
 ami 
 
 amel. 
 
 fault 
 
 fault. 
 
 
 Srst 
 
 arrest. 
 
 faun 
 
 faun, fawn. 
 
 
 Ssst 74 
 
 assist. 
 
 faut 
 
 fought. 108 
 
 
 Stmpt 
 atncf 
 
 attempt. 60 
 attena. 
 
 flau 
 
 flaw. 
 
 
 fraud 
 
 fraud. 
 
 
 Stst 
 
 attest. 
 
 fraut 
 
 fraught. 38 
 gawk. 
 
 
 bal05 
 
 baa. 
 
 gauk 
 
 
 bam 
 
 balm. 51 
 
 gaul 
 
 gall. 
 
 
 diint 
 
 daunt. 106 
 
 eauz 
 nau 
 
 gauze. 
 
 
 gant 
 
 gaunt. 
 
 haw. 
 
 
 ^Lh92 
 
 gape, 
 haunch. 
 
 hauk 
 haul 
 
 hawk, 
 hall, haul. 
 
 
 bant 
 
 haunt. 
 
 jau 
 kau 
 
 jaw. 
 
 
 jant 
 
 kaf28 
 
 jaunt. 
 
 caw. 28 
 
 
 calf. 51 
 
 kauk 
 
 calk. 51 
 
 
 kam 
 
 calm. 
 
 kaul 
 
 call, caul. 
 
 
 la 
 
 la. 
 
 kaus 
 
 cause, caws. 
 
 
 laf 
 
 laugh. 39 
 
 kaut 
 
 caught. 38 
 
 
 lanch92 
 
 launch. 
 
 klau 
 
 claw. 
 
 
 lath 
 
 lath. 
 
 klaus 
 
 clause, clavrs. 
 
 
 pam 
 
 palm. 51 
 
 krau 
 
 craw. 
 
 
 qam 
 
 qualm. 
 
 kraul 
 
 crawl. 
 
 
 rath 
 
 wrath. 82 
 
 lau 
 
 law. 
 
 
 sam 
 
 psalm. 60 
 
 laud 
 
 laud. 
 
 
 saT 
 
 salve. 
 
 laun 
 
 lawn. 
 
 
 lant 
 
 taunt. 
 
 laurl 
 
 laurel. 
 
 
 vant 
 
 vaunt. 
 
 mau 
 
 maw. 
 
 
 aubrn 107 
 
 auburn. 
 
 maul 
 
 maul. 
 
 
 audt 
 
 audit. 
 
 nau 
 
 gnaw. 38 
 
 
 audtr 
 
 auditor.- 
 
 naut 
 
 naught, nought. 
 
 
 auOT 
 auldr 
 
 auger, augur. 
 
 pau 
 
 paw. 
 
 
 alder. 
 
 paun 
 
 pawn. 
 
 
 aurst 
 
 aurist. 
 
 paupr 
 
 pauper. 
 
 
 aut 
 
 aught, ought. 38. 
 
 paus 
 
 pause, paws. 
 
 
08 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE 
 
 SEVENTH ll 
 
 
 [CONTiJi U E D.] II 
 
 ^U 
 
 raw. 
 
 joi 
 
 joy. 
 
 raut 
 
 wrought. 82, 108 
 
 join 
 
 join. 
 
 sau 
 sault 
 
 saw. ' 
 salt. 
 
 ioist 
 koi 
 
 joist, 
 coy. 28 
 
 saus 
 
 sauce, saws. 
 
 koil 
 
 coil. 
 
 saut 
 
 sought. 38, 108 
 
 koin 
 
 coin. 
 
 slautr 
 
 slaughter. 
 
 loin 
 
 loin. 
 
 spraul 
 
 sprawl. 
 
 moil 
 
 moil. 
 
 stauk 
 
 stalk. , 
 
 moist 
 
 moist. 
 
 staul 
 
 stall. 
 
 nois 
 
 noise. 
 
 tau 
 
 taw. 
 
 point 
 
 point. 
 
 tauk 
 
 talk. 
 
 pois 
 
 poise. 
 
 taul 
 
 tall. 
 
 qoit 
 
 quoit. 
 
 taut 
 
 taught. 38 
 vault. 
 
 roil 
 
 roil. 
 
 vault 
 
 soil 
 
 soil. 
 
 wauk 
 
 walk. 51 
 
 toi 
 
 toy. 
 toil. 
 
 waul 
 
 wall, waul. 
 
 toil 
 
 wautr 
 
 water. 
 
 void 
 
 void. 
 
 yaul 
 
 yawl. 
 
 vois 
 
 voice. 28 
 
 yaun 
 
 yawn 
 
 bdl20 
 
 odd. 
 
 PbllO 
 
 ebb. 
 
 bfl 
 
 offal. 
 
 fdg 
 
 edge. 
 
 bfnd 
 
 offend. 
 
 eft 
 
 elt 
 
 bfr 
 
 offer. 
 
 ?g 
 
 IW: 
 
 bfsr 
 
 officer. 
 
 61 
 
 »kr 
 
 occur. 28 
 
 6lf 
 
 elf. 
 
 bprS 
 
 opera. 
 
 elk 
 
 elk. 
 
 bpfs 121 
 
 oppose. 
 
 elm 
 
 elm. 
 
 bprs 
 
 oppress. 
 
 sis 
 
 ells, else. 
 
 bptk 
 
 optic. 28. 
 
 Pnd 
 
 end. 
 
 orb 
 
 orb. 120 
 
 ?r 
 
 err. 
 
 orbt 
 
 orbit. 
 
 grl 
 
 earl. 
 
 ordl 
 
 ordeal. 
 
 frn 
 
 earn. 
 
 drfn 
 
 orphan. 61 
 
 Kins 
 
 ill. 
 
 orgn 
 
 organ. 
 
 imp 
 
 imp. 
 
 book 123 
 
 book. 
 
 in 
 
 inn. 
 
 boom 
 
 boom. 
 
 inch 
 
 inch. 
 
 boon 
 
 boon. 
 
 ink 
 
 ink. 
 
 boot 
 
 boot. 
 
 istms 
 
 isthmus. 
 
 doom 
 
 doom. 
 
 Itch 
 
 itch. 
 
 food 
 
 food. 
 
 oil 118 
 
 oil. 
 
 fool 
 
 fool. 
 
 oint 
 
 oint. 
 
 hoof 
 
 hoof. 
 
 oir 
 
 oyer. 
 
 hook 
 
 hook. 
 
 , boi 
 
 boy. 
 
 hoop 
 
 hoop, whoop. 98, 
 
 boil 
 
 boil. 
 
 hoot 
 
 hoot, whoot. 
 
 doit 
 
 doit. 
 
 loo 
 
 loo. 
 
 foil 
 
 foil. 
 
 loom 
 
 loom. 
 
 hoi 
 
 hoy. 
 
 loop 
 
 }°"P- ,. 
 
 hoist 
 
 hoist. 
 
 loos 
 
 loose, liise. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 69 
 
 EXERCISE SEVENTH 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 mood 
 
 mooa 
 
 moor 
 
 moot 
 
 moov 
 
 noon 
 
 noos 
 
 pool 
 
 poop 
 
 poor 
 
 rood 
 
 room 124 
 
 roost 
 
 root 
 
 soon 
 
 soop 
 
 soot 
 
 sooth 
 
 too 
 
 tool 
 
 toor 
 
 tooth 
 
 woo 
 
 Odr 126 
 
 ulsr 
 
 Qmbr 
 
 unkl 
 
 tipr 
 
 iirbn 126 
 
 iirchn 92 
 
 iirg 
 
 urn 
 
 ijshr 95 
 
 utmst 
 
 utr 
 
 oul 130 
 
 out 
 
 outr 
 
 bou 
 
 bound 
 
 brou 
 
 broun 
 
 doun 
 
 dour 
 
 doure 
 
 dous 
 
 dout 
 
 droun 
 
 foul 
 
 mood. 
 
 flouns 
 
 moon. 
 
 found 
 
 moor. 
 
 flour 
 
 moot. 
 
 flout 
 
 move. 
 
 froun 
 
 noon. 
 
 goun 
 
 noose. 
 
 gout 
 
 pool. 
 
 groul 
 
 poop. 
 
 ground 
 
 poor. 
 
 grous 
 
 rood. 
 
 hou 
 
 room, rheum. 
 
 houl 
 
 roost. 
 
 hound 
 
 root. 
 
 hous 
 
 soon. 
 
 loud 
 
 suup. 124 
 
 loung 
 
 soot. 
 
 lour 
 
 sooth, soothe. 
 
 lout 
 
 too, two. 
 
 mou 
 
 tool. 
 
 mound 
 
 tuur. 124 
 
 mount 
 
 tooth. 
 
 nou 
 
 woo. 
 
 noun 
 
 udder. 
 
 poudr 
 
 ulcer. 
 
 pound 
 
 umber. 
 
 pouns 
 
 uncle. 28 
 
 pour 
 
 upper. 
 
 pout 
 
 urban. 
 
 plou 
 
 urchin. 
 
 prou 
 
 urge. 
 
 proud 
 
 urn. 
 
 proul 
 
 usher. 
 
 rou 
 
 utmost. 
 
 round 
 
 utter. 
 
 rous 
 
 owl. 
 
 rout 
 
 out. 
 
 sou 
 
 outer. 
 
 sound 
 
 bough, bow. 
 
 sour 
 
 bound. 
 
 south 96 
 
 brow. 
 
 spous 
 
 brown. 
 
 spout 
 
 down. 
 
 sprout 
 
 dower. 
 
 stout 
 
 dowry. 113 
 
 toun 
 
 dowse. 
 
 tour 
 
 doubt. 25 
 
 trout 
 
 drown. 
 
 vou 
 
 foul, fowl. 
 
 wound 
 
 flounce. 
 
 found. 
 
 flour, flower. 
 
 flout. 
 
 frown. 
 
 gown. 
 
 gout. 
 
 growl. 
 
 ground. 
 
 grouse. 
 
 now. 
 
 howl. 
 
 hound. 
 
 house. 
 
 loud. 
 
 lounge 
 
 lower. 
 
 lout. 
 
 mow. 
 
 mound. 
 
 mount. 
 
 now. 
 
 noun. 
 
 powder. 
 
 pound. 
 
 pounce. 
 
 power. 
 
 pout. 
 
 plough, plow. 
 
 prow. 
 
 proud. 
 
 prowl. 
 
 row. 
 
 round. 
 
 rouse. 
 
 rout, route. 
 
 sow. 
 
 sound. 
 
 sour. 
 
 south. 
 
 spouse. 
 
 spout. 
 
 sprout. 
 
 stout. 
 
 town. 
 
 tower. 
 
 trout. 
 
 vow. 
 
 wound. 
 
70 A COEPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 APPLICATION OF THE ALPHABETICAL CHARAC- 
 TERS WHEN WRITTEN SINGLY. 
 
 131. It will be observed on examination 
 of the three subsequent pages, that each of 
 the alphabetical characters has been as- 
 signed to express a few words of frequent 
 occurrence, of which it forms the initial or 
 most prominent sound ; for instance, b stands 
 for be and been ; d for do, does and done ; m 
 for am, me, my and m,ay; &c. It will be 
 necessary to acquire the utmost familiarity 
 with the w^ords thus expressed, so as to be 
 able, on hearing any of them spoken, to ap- 
 ply the proper character without the least 
 hesitation. 
 
 132. It is probable that this application 
 of the characters may, at first, strike the stu- 
 dent somewhat unfavorably, as being likely 
 to produce confusion and render the reading 
 of Stenographic manuscript extremely dif- 
 ficult : such, however, will not prove to be 
 the case, as in deciphering, the context will 
 always point out the words they were in- 
 tended to express ; which the following ex- 
 amples will serve to illustrate : 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGBAPHT. 71 
 
 1° lions roar. 1° bird:^]. fly.£ shiph". sailed. 
 
 The Tbe wiU J The X hive 
 
 This book S? mine, f^ own this house. 
 
 ua W ould 
 
 Tliese .sheep belong «^ jj James must 1^^ ^^ 
 school, r'ou sister '"h return soon. Content- 
 
 Your will 
 
 ment makes « poor man rich. Death " but 
 
 the IT us 
 
 :„y step ;g reaches «^ eternity. Expedition 
 b «^ life Sd soul ^7 business. Chastity, mod- 
 esty Sd humility ^° amiable r^j^^ &c. 
 
 PROPER NAMES. 
 
 133. The names of persons, places, «S;c., 
 must be distinguished from other words by 
 having a mark thus n (the grave accent,) 
 placed over them. Examples, ^Y^ Milton, 
 \\ Pope, ,Xviy Manchester, yjju New York. 
 
 134. It will generally be sufficient to write 
 the initial or leading sound of any sacred 
 term, such as Lord, God, Jehovah, Redeemer, 
 &c., but they must always be distinguished 
 by placing a mark thus / (the acute ac- 
 cent) over them. Examples, ^ Lord, ^ 
 God, CN Almighty, &c. 
 
72 
 
 A COMPLETE CriDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE VIII. 
 
 The consonants and the words they denote when standing 
 alone. 
 
 135 
 136 
 137 
 
 . 138 
 139 
 140 
 141 
 
 ' 142 
 143 
 144 
 145 
 146 
 147 
 148 
 
 i 149 
 150 
 151 
 152 
 153 
 154 
 155 
 156 
 157 
 158 
 159 
 160 
 
 B 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 / 
 
 F' 
 
 e 
 
 Fa 
 
 5 
 
 G 
 
 ^ 
 
 H' 
 
 r^ 
 
 H^ 
 
 \y 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 K> 
 
 6^ 
 
 K" 
 
 <ij 
 
 L 
 
 ) 
 
 M 
 
 r\ 
 
 N 
 
 N^ 
 
 P 
 
 \ 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 R 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 
 — 
 
 V' 
 
 c 
 
 ya 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 
 W2 
 
 ^ 
 
 X» 
 
 ^N 
 
 Xa 
 
 "^ 
 
 Y 
 
 7 
 
 Z 
 
 /* 
 
 Be, been. 
 
 Do, does, done. 
 
 For, of. 
 
 From, if. 
 
 Go, goes, gone. 
 
 Has, hast, have. 
 
 He, had, hadst. 
 
 Jud^e, just. 
 
 Can, canst, know, knows. 
 
 Could, couldst. knew, known, 
 
 All, like, likes. 
 
 Am, me my, may. 
 
 In, on, not, no. 
 
 Praise, pray, prayer. 
 
 Quite, quiet, quantity. 
 
 Are, art, or. 
 
 As, is, us. 
 
 To, at, the. 
 
 Very, verily. 
 
 Virtue, virtuous. 
 
 Was, with, will. 
 
 We, were, woidd. 
 
 Exceed, except. 
 
 Expect, example. 
 
 Ye, you, your, yours. 
 
 Zeal, zealot, zealous. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 73 
 
 EXERCISE IX. 
 
 The vowels and diphthongs, and the words they denote when 
 standing alone. 
 
 161 
 
 A' 
 
 'I 
 
 162 
 
 A2 
 
 P 
 
 163 
 
 A 
 
 °i 
 
 164 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 165 
 
 Au» 
 
 Os 
 
 166 
 
 Au2 
 
 ^ 
 
 167 
 
 E' 
 
 o\ 
 
 168 
 
 e:^ 
 
 <Js 
 
 169 
 
 V 
 
 0— 
 
 170 
 
 h 
 
 0— 
 
 171 
 
 Oi> 
 
 cr 
 
 172 
 
 012 
 
 Q_ 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 o/ 
 
 174 
 
 6 
 
 ^ 
 
 175 
 
 Oo' 
 
 c/ 
 
 176 
 
 Oo2 
 
 6 
 
 177 
 
 c 
 
 7 
 
 178 
 
 tJ 
 
 /« 
 
 179 
 
 Ou» 
 
 9 
 
 180 
 
 Ou2 
 
 /O 
 
 -4, awy. 
 
 Again, against. 
 
 Ah, ay, aye. 
 
 Among, amongst. 
 
 Awe, alway, always. 
 
 Also, although. 
 
 Even, evil, evils. 
 
 Ever, every. 
 
 I, eye, eyes. 
 
 It, its, itself. 
 
 Destroy, destroys. 
 
 Employ, employs. 
 
 O, oh, owe, only. 
 
 Off, oft, often. 
 
 Who, whom, whose. 
 
 Other, others, otherwise. 
 
 Usual, usually, usualness. 
 
 Up, upon. 
 
 Hour, hours, hourly. 
 
 Our, ours, ourselves. 
 
n 
 
 A COJEPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TENTH. 
 
 The double consonants, and the words they denote when 
 standing alone. 
 
 181 ; Ch 
 
 182 ! Sh^ 
 
 183 j Sh2 
 
 184 i Th 
 
 185 I Wh 
 
 </ 
 
 Much, such. 
 Shall, shall. 
 Should, shouldst. 
 Thee, they, that. 
 Why, which. 
 
 Marks of Abbreviation, Punctuatiow, &c. 
 
 186 
 
 
 187 
 
 X 
 
 188 
 
 ? 
 
 189 
 
 / 
 
 190 
 
 : 
 
 191 
 
 5 
 
 192 
 
 J 
 
 193 
 
 )) 
 
 194 
 
 •)•)•> 
 
 195 
 
 ^ 
 
 196 
 
 1- 
 
 197 
 
 + 
 
 198 
 
 u. 
 
 199 
 
 1 1- Tl 
 
 200 
 
 <.'. » 
 
 c 
 
 ) s 
 
 S 
 o 
 
 .3 
 
 An, and. 
 
 A period. 
 
 Note of interrogation 
 
 Note of exclamation. 
 
 A colon. 
 
 A semicolon. 
 
 A comma. 
 
 A dash. ( — ) 
 
 A colon and dash. (: — ) 
 
 Et ccBtera, ect., (^c. 
 
 Videlicet, viz., namely. 
 
 Id est, i. e., that is. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Marks of Reference,for marginal 
 
 notes, ^c. 
 Quotations, must be distinguished 
 
 as in common loriting. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 75 
 
 SPECIMEN I. 
 
 The Lord is good to all. Trust in the Lord 
 and do good. In thee, O Lord, do I put my 
 trust. If God he for us who can he against 
 
 "V, '■ 
 
 us ? I ivill sing praise to thy name O thou 
 Most High. 5y ^^'* fsar q/" /Ae i>or<Z men 
 depart /row euiZ. Turn thou me and I 
 
 sAaW 6e turned, for thou ar^ ^Ae Lord my 
 
 / c -^ , e -7^ / - D ^ 
 
 6roc?. / ?<7i7Z praise the name q/" ;Ae Z/ort^. 
 
 ^x<T-C^ \ - ^^e- Dx 
 
 Help us O Lord, our God, for we rest on 
 ^-^ 1 ^ i ^ '- , <^ ^ ^^ ^ 
 
 thee. So shall loe ever he with the Lord. 
 
76 A COHIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE XI. 
 
 Note. — In order that the student may not be led to make any un- 
 necessary movements of the pen, in writing this and some ol' the sub- 
 sequent exercises, the Author has inserted under each word repre- 
 sented by a single character of the Slenographical Alphabet, the 
 same printed in Italic, together with the method of spelling those 
 words which are not expressed in the manner described. 
 
 As thy days, so shall thy strength be. Hold 
 As thi das, so shall thi strngth be. Hold 
 
 thou me up, and I shall be safe. Ijord increase 
 thou me up, and I shall be sf. Lord n-kres 
 
 our faith. All things are yours. He will keep 
 our fath. All thngs are yours. He will kep 
 
 the feet of his saints. Though he slay me, yet 
 the fet of hs sants. Tho he sla me, yt 
 
 will I trust in him. He shall deliver thee from all 
 will /trst in hm. He shall dlvr thee from all 
 
 evil. Thou Lord, hast not forsaken them that seek 
 evil. Thou Lord, hast not frskn tlim that sek 
 
 thee. Show me thy ways, O Lord, teach me thy 
 thee. Sh5 me thi was, O Lord, tech me thi 
 
 paths. Except a man be born again, he can not 
 pths. Except a mn be brn again, he can not 
 
 see the kingdom of God. Blessed are the pure in 
 se the kngdm of God. Blsd are the piir in 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 77 
 
 heart, for they shall see God. We which have 
 hrt, for they shall se God. We which have 
 
 believed, do enter into rest. If we say that we have 
 believed^ do ntr nlo rst. If we sa that we have 
 
 not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is 
 not snd, we mk hm a lir, and hs virrd is 
 
 not in us. Hold that fast which thou hast, that no 
 not in us. Hold that fst which thou hast, that no 
 
 man take thy crown. The Lord is my defence, and 
 mn tk thi kroun. The Lord is my dfns, and 
 
 my God is the rock of my refuge. In God have I 
 my God is the rk of my rfug. In God have I 
 
 put my trust, I will not be afraid what man can do 
 pt my trst, / will not be afrad wht mn can do 
 
 unto me. Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on 
 nt5 me. Fit the gd fit of fath, la hold on 
 
 eternal life. Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed ; 
 etrnl llf. Hel we, OLord, and I shall be held ; 
 
 save me and I shall be saved ; for thou art my praise, 
 sv me and I shall be svd ; for thou art my praise. 
 
 The meek shall increase their joy in the Lord. The 
 The mek shall n-kres thr joi in the Lord. The 
 
 Lord of hosts is with us, the God of Jacob is our 
 Lord of hosts is with us, the God of Jakb is our 
 
 refuge. I wait for the Lord, my soul doth wait and 
 rfug. I wax for the Lord, my so\ dth wat and 
 
 7* 
 
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 in his word do I hope. My yoke is easy and my 
 in hs wrd do I hop. My yok. is q-sq and my 
 
 burden is light. Fear not for I have redeemed thee ; 
 brdn is lit. Fer wo^,/or//iave re-dmd thee;- 
 
 1 have called thee by thy name, thou art mine. So 
 I have kauld thee bi thi nm, thou art min. So 
 
 run that ye may obtain. The needy shall not ahvay 
 rn that ye may obtn. The nede shall not alway 
 
 be forgotten. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, 
 he frgtn. The Lord is my rk, and my fi-trs, 
 
 and my deliverer. Teach me thy way, O Lord, and 
 and my dlvrr. Tech me thi wa, O Lord, and 
 
 lead me in a plain path. Hide not thy face far from 
 led me in a plan pth. Hid not thi fas fr from 
 
 me, put not thy servant away in anger. This God 
 wie, pt not thi srvnt awa in ngr. Ths God 
 
 is our God, he will be our guide, even unto death, 
 is our God, he will be our ^d, eveii nto dth. 
 
 The just shall live by faith. Thy vows are upon 
 The just shall Iv bi f ath. Thi vous are uyon 
 
 me, O God; I will render praises unto thee ; for 
 me, O God ; I will rndr prass nto thee ; for 
 
 thou hast delivered my soul from death. O bless 
 thou hast dlvrd my sol from dth. O bis 
 
 our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise 
 our God, ye ppl, and mk the vois of hs praise 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 79 
 
 to be heard. Come and hear, all ye that fear God, 
 to be hrd . Km and hgr, all ye that fer God, 
 
 and I will declare what he hath done for my soul. 
 and I will A]/i\x ' wht Ae hth done for my sol. 
 
 O God, be not far from me ; O my God, make haste 
 O God, be not fr from me; Omy God, mk hast 
 
 for my help. Hear my cry, O God, attend unto my 
 formyh\\>. Her my kri, O G'orf, atnd nto my 
 
 prayer. Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a 
 -prayer. Thou ha^t been a shitr for me, and a 
 
 strong tower from the enemy. Praise ye the Lord, 
 strng tour from the nme. Praiseye the Lord, 
 
 O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. The 
 O my s5l and frgt not all hs bnfts. The 
 
 Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. Blessed be 
 Lord is my shphrd, / shall not wnt. Blsd be 
 
 God, who hath not turned away my prayer, nor his 
 God, who hth not trnd awa my prayer, nr hs 
 
 mercy from me. Save thy people, and bless them, 
 mrse from me. Sv thi ppl, and bis thm, 
 
 and lift them up for ever. Forsake me not, O Lord ; 
 and \ft thm up for ever. Frsk m,e not, O Lord; 
 
 O my God, be not far from me. Be pleased, O Lord, 
 O my God, be not fr from me. Be plesd, O Lord, 
 
 to deliver me. Hearken unto the voice of my cry. 
 to dlvr me. Hrkn nto the vois of my kri. 
 
80 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TWELFTH. 
 
 The consonant characters with a short cross line, and the words 
 they denote when standing alone. 
 
 201 
 
 B 
 
 < 
 
 202 
 
 D 
 
 •f- 
 
 203 
 
 p. 
 
 < 
 
 204 
 
 pa 
 
 9- 
 
 205 
 
 G 
 
 4- 
 
 206 
 
 H' 
 
 ^ 
 
 207 
 
 H« 
 
 ^-V 
 
 208 
 
 J 
 
 c4- 
 
 209 
 
 K' 
 
 cK 
 
 210 
 
 K^ 
 
 V 
 
 211 
 
 L 
 
 > 
 
 212 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 213 
 
 N 
 
 v 
 
 214 
 
 P 
 
 \ 
 
 215 
 
 a 
 
 \ 
 
 216 
 
 R 
 
 t 
 
 217 
 
 s 
 
 + 
 
 218 
 
 T 
 
 •4- 
 
 219 
 
 V 
 
 -€ 
 
 220 
 
 V2 
 
 > 
 
 221 
 
 w 
 
 c^ 
 
 222 W2 
 
 V 
 
 223 X' 
 
 % 
 
 224 X= 
 
 V 
 
 225 Y 
 
 -^ 
 
 226 
 
 iz 
 
 v^ 
 
 Between, betwixt. 
 Divide -d-er-ing-divisiofi, 4*c. 
 Facetious -ly, facetiousness. 
 Father, fatherly. 
 Glory, glorious-ly-glorify-cation. 
 Heaven, heavenly, heavenward. 
 Holy, holily, holiness. 
 Judicatory, judicature, judiciary. 
 Knowledge, knowing, knowingly. 
 Acknowledge -d-ing-ment. 
 Love, loved, lover, loves, loving. 
 Might -ily-ness, mighty. 
 Natural -ly-ize-izing-ization. 
 Peace -able-ableness-ably-ful, <^*c. 
 Question -able-ary-ed-er. 
 Rational -e-ist-ity-ly. 
 Spirit -ed, spiritual-ly-ity-ize. 
 Testify -ed-er-cation, testimony. 
 Valid, validity, validly. 
 Viciate -d-ing, vitiate, vitiation. 
 Workman -like-ly-ship, 6^c. 
 Worship -ed-er-fal-fully-ing. 
 Exaggerate, exaggeration, ^c. 
 Executive, execvtor-ship-y, <^c. 
 Young -er-est-ish-ling-ly-ster. 
 Zodiac, zodiacal. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 81 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTEENTH. | 
 
 The vowel and diphthongal characters with a short cross line, 
 
 and the words they denote when standing alone. 
 
 227 
 
 A' 
 
 ^ 
 
 Alien -ability-able-aie-ation, S^c. 
 
 228 
 
 A2 
 
 -? 
 
 Agency, agent, agentship. 
 
 229 
 
 A 
 
 % 
 
 Altern -ate-ately-ation-ative, 4*c. 
 
 230 
 
 A 
 
 ^ 
 
 Accept -able-ance-ation-ed-er-ing 
 
 231 
 
 All' 
 
 ^ 
 
 Auspice, auspicious-ly-ness, ^c. 
 
 232 
 
 Au2 
 
 ^ 
 
 Author-ity-itative-ize-ization,(^c. 
 
 233 
 
 E 
 
 % 
 
 Equivocal -ly-ness-equivocate, ^c. 
 
 234 
 
 E 
 
 ^ 
 
 Especial, especially. 
 
 235 
 
 I 
 
 c+ 
 
 Irascibility, irascible-ness. 
 
 236 
 
 I 
 
 M- 
 
 Immediate, immediately. 
 
 237 
 
 Oi> 
 
 crf 
 
 Appoint -able-ance-ed-er-ing. 
 
 238 
 
 Oi2 
 
 QL4- 
 
 Avoid-able-ance-ed-er-ing. 
 
 239 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ation. 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 Official-ly, officiate, officiotts-ly. 
 
 241 
 
 Oo' 
 
 c/ 
 
 Whomsoever, whosoever. 
 
 242 
 
 Oo2 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ooze, oozed, oozing, oozy. 
 
 243 
 
 u 
 
 72 
 
 Universe, universal-ly-ity, Sfc. 
 
 244 
 
 u 
 
 y? 
 
 Upright, uprightly, uprightness. 
 
 245 
 
 Ou' 
 
 ^ 
 
 Outlaw, outlawing, outlawlery. 
 
 246 
 
 Ou2 
 
 -P 
 
 Outrage -ous-ously-otisness. 
 
S2 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE FOURTEENTH. 
 
 Natural Contractions for words and parts of sentences of frequent 
 occurrence, which, like the preceding Arbitrary Signs, may be 
 used or not, as the writer thinks proper. 
 
 247 
 
 a 
 
 248 
 
 a — 
 
 249 
 
 .® 
 
 250 
 
 1 
 
 251 
 
 o 1 
 
 252 
 
 oo 
 
 253 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 254 
 
 _c 
 
 255 
 
 -D 
 
 256 
 
 _£> 
 
 257 
 
 -o 
 
 258 
 
 l- 
 
 259 
 
 H 
 
 260 
 
 € 
 
 261 
 
 < 
 
 262 
 
 c 
 
 263 
 
 ) 
 
 264 
 
 ^T^ 
 
 265 
 
 €\ 
 
 266 
 
 . II 
 
 267 
 
 III 
 
 268 
 
 — 
 
 269 
 
 - 1 
 
 Alone. 
 Along. 
 About. 
 Around. 
 Otie, ones, once. 
 One after the other. 
 One upon another. 
 Over, o'er. 
 Under. 
 Above. 
 
 Below, beneath. 
 Fore, foremost. 
 After, aftermost. 
 Before, before-hand. 
 Behind, behind-hand. 
 Belief, believe, -d, -ing, s. 
 Large, let, long. 
 Within. 
 Without. 
 
 Together. t 
 
 Altogether. 
 
 Equal, equally, equality. 
 Unequal, -ly, -ness, inequality. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGEAFHT. 
 
 83 
 
 
 EXERCISE FOURTEENTH. 
 
 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 270 
 
 > 
 
 Major, majority. 
 
 271 
 
 < 
 
 Minor, minority. 
 
 272 
 
 r 
 
 Angle,, angular, -ity, -ness. 
 
 273 
 
 A 
 
 Triangle, triangular. 
 
 zTA 
 
 X 
 
 Contrary, contrariety, S^c. 
 
 275 
 
 
 
 Nothing, nobody. 
 
 276 
 
 
 
 Something, somebody. 
 
 277 
 
 B 
 
 Through. 
 
 278 
 
 ■9- 
 
 Throughout. 
 
 279 
 
 
 
 Earth, earthly, earthliness. 
 
 280 
 
 o 
 
 World, worldly, worldliness. 
 
 281 
 
 G 
 
 The beginning of the world. 
 
 282 
 
 D 
 
 The end of the world. 
 
 283 
 
 © 
 
 In the world. 
 
 284 
 
 6 
 
 The eyes of the world. 
 
 •285 
 
 6 
 
 Upon the world. 
 
 286 
 
 o 
 
 High or up in the world. 
 
 287 
 
 o 
 
 Low or down in the world. 
 
 288 
 
 -e 
 
 Entering or coming into the world. 
 
 289 
 
 0- 
 
 Leaving or going out of the world. 
 
 290 
 
 e 
 
 Through the world. 
 
 291 
 
 o 
 
 The foundation of the world. 
 
 292 
 
 ® 
 
 Christ came into the icorld. 
 
 293 
 
 t 
 
 Christ, Chrisfs. 
 
 294 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 Christian, Christianity. 
 
 295 
 
 X 
 
 Crucify, crucifix, crucifixion. 
 
 296 
 
 ^ $ 
 
 Sacrifice, -d, -r, (Sfc. 
 
84 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 REPETITION OF WORDS AND SENTENCES. 
 
 297. A dash thus drawn under a 
 
 word or sentence, denotes an immediate 
 repetition of the same. Examples, ^ Lord^ 
 
 Lord. -^ ^ Turn 2/e, tum-ye. "^ ^ ~ ^ >^ 
 
 Praise ye the Lord. Praise-ye-the-Lord, «&c. 
 
 298. When a word is repeated three 
 times, write it once by its proper character 
 or characters, then draw two dashes imme- 
 diately under the same, as in the following 
 examples. !:j^ Glory ^ glory, glory. ^ Holy, 
 
 holy, holy, &C. 
 
 299. When a preposition or conjunction 
 intervences, the repetition together with the 
 preposition or conjunction is denoted by 
 
 placing a mark thus :- under the word 
 
 so repeated. Examples, \^ Ever and-ever. 
 ~ ^^ The Lord of-iords, &c. 
 
 300. If part of a sentence is to be repeat- 
 ed after something else has occurred, make 
 
 a mark thus c under the words to be 
 
 repeated, and place a caret (a) where they 
 must be read again ; as v-r <^ 0\ «r- \ ^ r^, 
 
 ^^ — D A ^ In God will I praise his word, 
 
 in the Lord wlU-I-praise-his-word. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 85 
 
 WORDS OF CONTRARY SIGNIFICATION. 
 
 301. An oblique line thus , / when placed 
 immediately after a word, expresses an- 
 other word of opposite meaning preceded 
 by and, to, or till, as in the following ex- 
 amples. "-7/ Good and-bad, ^Z Day and-night, 
 
 5 3 — / From light to-dark. 5 r^/^/ From 
 morn tiii-night, &c. 
 
 302. An oblique line, with a curve to the 
 right, thus /" is used to express a word of 
 opposite meaning, joined with the former 
 by the conjunction or. Examples, r\-f High 
 
 or-low ; yf Rich or-poor, &C. 
 
 303. When a word is followed by an- 
 other of contrary signification without a 
 preposition or conjunction intervening, write 
 the first word in the usual way, then ex- 
 press the antithesis by a mark thus / as in 
 the following examples, '"^-^ . >/^ Men, 
 womeH, and children ; Life, death, and eternity. 
 
 304. The negative particles, dis, il, im, 
 in, ir, un, &c., may be represented by an 
 oblique line placed before the remainder of 
 the word. Examples, /^"^^ c?is- member ; IJN 
 /-A- dis-trust ; /<n wn-even ; /v U7i- 
 natural, -ly ; /\[_ wn-expressed, &c. 
 
 8 
 
86 
 
 A COMPLETE GUrDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE FIFTEENTH. 
 
 Examples for the Learner's practice. 
 
 Lord, Lord. 297 
 My God. My-God. 
 My Father. My Father. 
 Turn ye, turn-yt. 
 Verily, 153 verily. 
 ■Welcome, welcnne. 
 Hark! Hark! 
 Hush I Hush! 
 Glory, 205 glory, -glory. ^iS^ 
 Holy, 207 holy, -holy. 
 Amen, and- Amen 299 
 Again, 162 and-again. 
 Ever 168 and-ever. 
 By and-by. 
 Beiier and-better. 
 Worse andtoorse. 
 More and-more. 
 Less and-less. 
 Round and-round. 
 Longer and-longer. 
 Shorter and-shorter. 
 Broader and-broader. 
 Larger and-larger. 
 Higlier and-higher. 
 Lower and- lower. 
 Harder and-harder. 
 Softer and-softer. 
 Darker and-darker. 
 Lighter and- lighter. 
 Farther and-farther. 
 Nearer and-nearer. 
 Richer and-richer. 
 Poorer and poorer. 
 The God of-gods. 
 The Lord qf-lords. 
 The King ofkings. 
 For ever 168 and-ever. 
 From hour 179 to-hour. 
 From day to-day. 
 From week to-week. 
 From month to-month. 
 From year to year. 
 From time to-time. 
 From town to town. 
 From place to-place. 
 j From sport to-sport. 
 From guest to-guest. 
 • From face to-face. 
 j lYom hand to-hand. 
 I From mouth to-mmith. 
 
 Heaven 206 and-earth. 301 
 Earth 279 and-heaven. 
 Day and-night. 
 Light and dark. 
 Life and-death. 
 Old and-young. 
 Youngand-old. 
 Rich and-poor. 
 High andlote. 
 Long and-short. 
 Thick and-thin. 
 Far and-near. 
 To and fro. 
 Top and-bottom. 
 Up and-down. 
 Here and-there. 
 Summer and-winter. 
 Certain and- uncertain. 
 Father 201 and-mother. 
 Brother and-sister. 
 Lady and-gentleman. 
 Men andwcnnen. 
 A man and-a-woman. 
 The just and-the-unjust. 
 From east to-we»(. 
 From north to-sottih. 
 From one to-another. 
 Good oT-bad. 302 
 Light or-dark. 
 Fine or-coarte. 
 Long or-short. 
 Strength ortceofcwes*. 
 Truth or- falsehood. 
 Known or-unknmort. 
 This orthat. 
 These or-those. 
 Better ortrorJe. 
 Well ortH. 
 High or-lote. 
 Rich or-pooT. 
 Boy or-girl. 
 Land or-ieater. 
 Over 254 or-Mnd«r. 
 Above 256 or-beUno. 
 Behind 261 or-before. 
 Within 264 orwithout. 
 Old nr-young. 
 Young or-old. 
 Men or-women. 
 Ladies or-gentlemen. 
 
 Dis-&gree. 304 
 
 C!» allow. 
 
 Dis-annul. 
 
 Dm- array. 
 
 Dia-believe. 
 
 /)/»-embark. 
 
 i)!«-honor. 
 
 Dismount. 
 
 Dismember. 
 
 n-legal: 
 
 /Miberal. 
 
 IMicit. 
 
 /m-moderate. 
 
 /OT-moral. 
 
 Im-mortal. 
 
 /wipolite. 
 
 ftn-pure. 
 
 /n-attenlive. 
 
 in-disposed. 
 
 7n-human. 
 
 /r-regular. 
 
 /r-religion. 
 
 /r-resolute. 
 
 (7n-altcred. 
 
 t^n-awpd, 
 
 Unbent. 
 
 I7ra-blest. 
 
 l/n-bom. 
 
 (/n-buckle. 
 
 l/n-burden. 
 
 t7n-caught. 
 
 (7ra-certain. 
 
 (/nchanged. 
 
 Uncivil. 
 
 l/n-clasp. 
 
 l/n-easy. 
 
 Unfair. 
 
 Unfit. 
 
 Un- fixed. 
 
 Un-furniebed. 
 
 Un just. 
 
 Un- kind. 
 
 Un-known. 
 
 Un -learned. 
 
 Unmarried. 
 
 Unsafe. 
 
 Un-seen. 
 
 Unsold. 
 
 Untold. 
 
 U«-wortby. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGEATHr. S7 
 
 EXERCISE SIXTEENTH. 
 
 FOK THE IXA&HES'S PRACTICE. 
 
 Note. — Those -words which are printed in small capitals, are ex- 
 pressed by Arbitrary signs and Natural contractions, introduced in the 
 12th, 13th and 14th Exercises. Those printed in s.naiuyp*, must be 
 written agreeable to the directions given in the remarks to which the 
 numbers annexed refer. With regard to the rest, see note at the com- 
 mencement of Exercise Eleventh. 
 
 O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name iu 
 O Lord, our Lord, hou xlnt is thi nm in 
 
 all the earth! who hast set thy glory above 
 all the earth! who^"^^ hast st thi glory^Oo above 
 
 the heavens. Through thee will we push down 
 the HEAVENS. Through tJtee will we psh doun 
 our enemies : through thy name will we tread 
 our nmes : through thi nm will we trd 
 
 them under that rise up against us. Be still, and 
 thm under that ris up against us. Be stl, and 
 
 know that I am God: I will be exalted among the 
 know that lam God: I will be xltd among the 
 
 heathen. Create in me a clean heart, O God: and 
 hethn. Kreat in me a klen hrt, O God: and 
 
 renew a right spirit within me. O Lord open 
 re-nii a rit spirit within me. O Lord opn 
 
 thou my lips ; and my mouth shall show forth thy 
 thou m,y Ips ; and m,y mouth shall sh5 forth thi 
 
 praise. Be thou exalted, O God, above the 
 praise. Be thou xltd, O God, above the 
 
88 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 heavens ; let thy glory be above all the earth. 
 heavens; let thi glory he above all the earth. 
 
 Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God : defend 
 Dlvr me from m]n nmes, O my God : dfnd 
 
 me from them that rise up against me. 
 fne from thm that ris 2ip against me. 
 
 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me. 
 Ml/ God, my-God, 297 whi httst thou frsku me. 
 
 Praise ye the Lord : praise ye the Lord from the 
 Praise ye the Lord : praise-ye-the-Lord 297 from the 
 
 heavens ; praise him in the heights. Peace, 
 heavens ; praise hm in the hits. Peace, 
 
 peace, to him that is far off, and to him that is 
 peace, 297 fo hm that is fr off, and ^o hm that is 
 
 near, saith the Lord, and 1 will heal him. I will 
 ner, sth the Lord, and I will hel hm. I will 
 
 extol thee my God, O King ; and I will bless thy 
 xtl thee my God, O Kng ; and I ivill bis thi 
 
 name for ever and ever. Every day will I bless 
 nm for ever and-ever.299 Every da will I bis 
 
 thee, and I will praise thy name for ever and ever. 
 thee, and I will praise ihl nm forever and-ever.299 
 
 I will yet praise thee more and more. This God 
 / will yt praise thee mor and-mor. 299 Ths God 
 
 is our God for ever and ever. He will be our 
 is our God for ever and-e\er. 299 He will be our 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 89 
 
 guide, even unto death. I will give thanks unto 
 gid, even nto dth. Iwill gv thnks nto 
 
 thy name for ever and ever. Thy throne, O God, 
 thi nm for ever and.eTer.299 Thi thron, O God, 
 
 is for ever and ever ; the sceptre of thy kingdom 
 is for ever and-ever;299 ^^e sptr ofihl kngdm 
 
 is a right sceptre. The Lord will bless them that 
 isatii sptr. The Lord will bis thm that 
 
 fear him both small and great. Our help is in 
 fer hm bth smaul and-great. 301 Our hip is in 
 
 the name of the Lord, who made heaven and earth. 
 the nm of the Lord, who mad heaven and-eanh- 3oi 
 
 Let them praise the name of the Lord ; for his 
 Let thm praise the nm of the Lord ; for hs 
 
 name alone is excellent, his glory is above tlie 
 nm ALONE is xlnt, hs glory is above M« 
 
 earth and heaven. My delight is in the law 
 
 EARTH and-heavens. 301 My dlit is in the lau 
 
 of the Lord, and in his law do I meditate day and 
 of the Lord, and in hs lau do /mditat da and- 
 
 night. When my father and my mother forsake 
 
 Bight.301 Whn my Father and-my-mother 301 frsk 
 
 rae, then will the Lord take me up. 
 mc, thn will the Lord tak me up. 
 
90 A COSIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 OF PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.' 
 
 305. The Learner liaving been led by 
 progressive exercises, from the simple char- 
 acters, to the writing of plain Scripture 
 sentences, it will be necessary to turn the 
 attention to the Prefixes and Suffixes, or 
 what are more generally termed in the lan- 
 guage of Stenographers, Prepositions and 
 Terminations, which are of great import- 
 ance in the brevity and legibility of short- 
 hand. The readiest mode of designating 
 these is, in some cases, to use simple arbi- 
 trary signs, and in others, the letters of the 
 stenographic alphabet, with certain points 
 to be explained hereafter. 
 
 PKEPOSITIONS AND TERUINATIONS EXPRESSED BY ARBITRARY SIGNS. 
 
 306. A small circle thus ° when placed 
 immediately over any word, denotes the 
 preposition over, as in «A oyer-come, _^ 
 oi?er-take, &c. 
 
 307. The same character when placed 
 under a word, denotes the preposition under, 
 as in ^ under-go, "^ under-take, &c. 
 
 308. Ing, forming a distinct syllable at 
 
 • The prefixes and suffixes, or prepositions and terminations, here 
 referred to, are such beginnings and endings of long words as have 
 been selected to suit the convenience of short hand without regard 
 to their derivation. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 91 
 
 the end of a word, is represented by adding 
 a small loop to the right * of the last point 
 in the preceding character, as in the follow- 
 ing examples : ,^ dy-m^, ^a^ morn-m^, 
 \pass-m^, &c. 
 
 309. When dan, don, sion, tlon, ceous, 
 cious, or tious occurs at the end of a word, 
 it is expressed by adding a small loop to 
 the last point of the preceding character; 
 in all cases placing it on the left side of the 
 line,* as in the following examples, '^ na- 
 tlon, ^ mo-tion^ Vs exemp-tion, ^ gra- 
 cious, ~~^ tena-cious, &c. 
 
 310. Cisiorij sidan, sition, are expressed 
 by adding a loop twice the size of that used 
 for sion, Hon, &c. to the last point of the 
 preceding character — and which may be 
 placed on the left side of the line, as in the 
 following examples ^ de-dsion, c? mu- 
 sidan, ^ i^o-sition,, &c. 
 
 311. Ous, ously, and ousness, at the end 
 of such words as desirous, pious/?/, serious- 
 ness, &c., must be expressed by adding a 
 loop twice the size of that used for ing to 
 the last point of the preceding character ; in 
 
 • Note. — In horizontal characters, the bottom is to be considered 
 the right hand side, and the top the left. 
 
92 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 all cases turning it on the right side of the 
 line as in the following examples; *-yjO gen- 
 er-ous, gener-uasly, gener-ousness. v© pi-ows, 
 yL-ously^ &c. 
 
 312. The terminations se//'and selves, may 
 be expressed by drawing a short s from the 
 centre of the characters representing the 
 pronouns, using the first h for her, and the 
 second for him. Examples, 7 my-self, 
 r^ herself, "^J himself, (fee. 
 
 313. The terminations ship and ships, 
 must also be expressed by drawing a short 
 perpendicular line for s under the characters 
 which may precede, as in the following 
 examples. ^\^ author-ship,-^ Mend-ship, 
 &c. 
 
 PKEPO8ITION8 AND TEKMIWATIOKS EXPEESSED BY ALFHABETICAI. 
 CHAEACTERS. 
 
 314. When a character of the steno- 
 grapic alphabet is intended to represent a 
 preposition, it must be distinguished by hav- 
 ing a comma placed under it, as in the fol- 
 lowing examples. ^ corn-pass, tC/ trans- 
 fer, &c. 
 
 315. When a character of the steno- 
 graphic alphabet is intended to represent a 
 termination, it must be distinguished by 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 93 
 
 liaving a period placed under it, as in the 
 following examples. H en-act, A de-mar?c/, 
 —xy to-ward, (fee. 
 
 316. When the first character of a word 
 is intended to represent a preposition, and 
 the last a termination, a single point must 
 be placed over the word, instead of insert- 
 ing a comma and a period beneath ; as in 
 the following examples : ^'^ agree-ment, 
 
 I ^ inter-^o-sition, v^f pro-mo-tion, -^ 
 trans-form, &c. 
 
 317. When a learner has occasion to ex- 
 press in short-hand, a word containing two 
 of such terminations as have been selected, 
 the first must be spelt according to its sound, 
 and the last denoted by its usual mark, 
 placing the period as in the preceding rules. 
 Examples: ^''^'Vs com-mand-ment, ^v^ 
 com-menc-ing, >y demand-i?i^, &c. 
 
 118. When the termination of a word 
 may be expressed by any of the before- 
 mentioned characters, the plural and the 
 possessive case are formed by converting 
 the point into a short perpendicular stroke, 
 as in the following examples. ^ na-tions, 
 na.-iion^s ; U-o sentiments, _^ ^ra?isgres- 
 sions &c. 
 
f)4 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE SEVENTEENTH. 
 
 PaEPOsiTioKs represented by Alphabetical Characters. 
 
 319 
 
 1 
 
 320 
 
 P 
 
 321 
 
 "] 
 
 322 
 
 P 
 
 323 
 
 / 
 
 324 
 
 «>\ 
 
 325 
 
 «8. 
 
 326 
 
 e 
 
 327 
 328 
 329 
 330 
 
 5 
 
 331 
 
 ff- 
 
 332 
 
 a_ 
 
 333 
 
 e\ 
 
 334 
 
 QJ 
 
 335 
 
 o 
 
 ^36 
 
 u 
 
 337 
 
 c/ 
 
 338 
 
 ^ 
 
 339 
 
 \ 
 
 340 
 
 / 
 
 341 
 
 1 
 
 342 
 
 — 
 
 -343 
 
 'N 
 
 ab, abbre, abro, abso. 
 advan, adven, adver, advo. 
 alle, alii, alio, allu. 
 upper, appre, appro, 
 discom, discon, disen, disi7i. 
 elec, elect, equi, equiv. 
 effi, esti, evi, ever, 
 affec, affect, affirm, affix, 
 afflic, afflict, afflu, effec. 
 aggra, aggre, agree, agri. 
 kept a, hyper, hyster. 
 hetero, hydro, hypo, 
 imper, impre, impro, 
 incom, incon, incor. 
 com, compre, compri, compro. 
 con, contra, contro, counter, 
 magni, miscon, misin, multi. 
 enter, inter, intra, intru. 
 ob, obli, obsti, omni, orni, 
 obso, octo, oppro, ortho. 
 per, pre, pri, pro, pur. 
 recom, recon, repre, repro, 
 sub, subter, sup, super, 
 temp, tempt, tran, trans, 
 exer, extir, extra, expli. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 95 
 
 EXERCISE EIGHTEENTH. 
 
 TERjnKATioNS represented by Alphabetical Characters. 
 
 344 
 
 r 1 
 
 345 
 
 c 
 
 346 
 
 / 
 
 347 
 
 <N <l. 
 
 348 
 
 e 3 
 
 349 
 
 c- 
 
 350 
 
 r\Ky 
 
 351 
 
 Q- r- 
 
 352 
 
 c— 
 
 353 
 
 €\ e; 
 
 354 
 
 ) 
 
 355 
 
 r\ 
 
 356 
 
 \^ 
 
 357 
 
 ^ </ 
 
 358 
 
 \ 
 
 359 
 
 1 
 
 360 
 
 / 
 
 361 
 
 1 
 
 362 
 
 
 363 
 
 CD 
 
 364 
 
 c^^ 
 
 365 
 
 /? 
 
 366 
 
 J 
 
 367 
 
 / 
 
 368 
 
 \ 
 
 act,-ly, ally, ance, ancy, ant, antly. 
 hie, hied, hleness, hly, hility. 
 dance, dant, dence, dent, diet, duct, 
 ence, ency, ent, ently, est, eth, ever, 
 feet, fleet, flict, form, ful, fully, 
 grance, grant, graph, -ic, guish. 
 habit, hibit, hend, hensive, hood, 
 ify, ity, ety, ical, -ly, ish, ism, ist. 
 ject, jest, join, journ, judge, just, 
 claim, dine, elude, elusive, count, 
 ly, liness, lect, less, lessly, logic, 
 mand, mend, mence, ment, m^tal. 
 nance, nant, nence, nent, nect, ness. 
 ody, ogy, oly, omy, ony, opy, ory, 
 place, plete, plex, plish, prove, 
 quence, quent, -ly, quest, quish, 
 racy, ract, rect, ranee, rant, rupt. 
 scribe, script, spect, struct, suade. 
 tinct, tract, trict, trude, tude, tnte. 
 vail, vict, vive, voke, volve. 
 ward, wards, warder, wardeth. 
 sier, zier, sure, surely, zure. 
 tual, tually, ture, teous, tuous, -ly. 
 cience, science, tience, cient, tient. 
 cial, sial, tial, -ly, date, tiate, -ion. 
 
96 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE NINETEENTH. 
 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNEr'S PRACTICE. 
 
 
 over- awe 306, 185 
 
 aid-ing' 308 
 
 glid- ing' 
 
 oiling 
 
 
 over-hear 
 
 aW-ing 
 
 glow-ing 
 
 ow-ing 
 
 
 over bid 
 
 air -ins 
 
 go- ing- 
 
 own-ing 
 
 
 oper-blow 
 
 \iank-ing 
 
 growing 
 
 paint-ing 
 
 
 or«r-board 
 
 basting 
 
 guid ing 
 
 past -ing 
 
 
 orer burden 
 
 beam- ing 
 
 hailing 
 
 piping 
 
 
 over-cast 28 
 
 beating 
 
 halting 
 
 plat ing 
 
 
 o»er-charge 98 
 
 bit- ing 
 
 hear -ing 
 
 playing 
 
 
 over-come 28 
 
 blast Ing 
 
 heat-ing 
 
 point- ing 
 
 
 ooer-draw 
 
 blend ing 
 
 hen-ing 
 
 post-ing 
 
 
 1 over-Row 
 
 bless-ing 
 
 hewing 
 
 pounding 
 
 
 1 oper-grow 
 
 boast- ing 
 
 hid-ing 
 
 pour- ing 
 
 
 ] oc«r-hang 
 
 buy-ing 
 
 hissing 
 
 praying 
 
 
 ' over-heax 
 
 call- ing 
 
 hoard-iTig 
 
 prais-ing 
 
 
 over-heat 
 
 carding 
 
 hon-iTig 
 
 print t'Tig 
 
 
 over-joyed 
 
 cas-ing' 
 
 hoping 
 
 rail- ing 
 
 
 over-lay 
 
 cast-ing 
 
 howl-ing 
 
 read- ing 
 
 
 orer-Ioad 
 
 clear-ing 
 
 itching 
 
 rearing 
 
 
 O»er-Iook 
 
 clos -ing 
 
 jarring 
 
 roast-ing 
 
 
 over-pay 
 
 coast- ing 
 
 iaunt-tng 
 
 sail ing 
 
 
 over-powet 
 
 daring' 
 
 jeer-ing 
 
 see-ing 
 
 
 OBer reach 
 
 dawn-ing 
 
 jest- ing 
 
 sigh-ing 
 
 
 over-rule 
 
 din- ing 
 
 join-ing^ 
 
 smiling 
 
 
 over-run 
 
 do- ing 
 
 keep-ing 
 
 smok-ing 
 
 
 { over-see 
 
 dot- ing 
 
 lacing 
 
 soil-ing 
 
 
 ooer «ight38 
 
 draw- ing 
 
 lading 
 
 steer-tng 
 
 
 ; oversleep 
 
 dress in^ 
 
 last- ing' 
 
 suit-ing 
 
 
 over-auxk 
 
 dwelling 
 
 laugh-tng 
 lay-ing 
 lead- ing 
 lean •ing' 
 learning 
 leas- ing 
 leav-ing 
 
 last- ing 
 
 
 over-sway 
 over-take 
 
 earn ing 
 eat- ing 
 
 taunt-ing 
 leas ing 
 
 
 overtaken 
 
 ebb- ing 
 
 tend-ing 
 
 
 over-throw 
 
 end ing 
 
 test-ing 
 
 
 '■ orer- turn 
 oper-wlielra 97 
 
 err- ing 
 etching 
 
 tiring 
 toiling 
 
 
 under-bid 306 
 under-foot 
 
 fading 
 fail ing^ 
 
 lining 
 lisp-ing 
 
 tolling 
 turning 
 
 
 under-go 
 
 faint ing 
 falling 
 
 load- ing 
 
 urging 
 
 
 under- grown 
 
 long-ing 
 
 vaunt-ing 
 
 
 un/ier-hand 
 
 fear- iTig 
 
 lying 
 
 verging 
 
 
 underlay 
 under-mine 
 
 feasting 
 feeding' 
 
 march- ing 
 meaning 
 
 view-ing 
 vot-ing 
 
 
 unier-ratB 
 
 feeling 
 
 meet- ing 
 
 wait-ing 
 
 
 undersell 
 
 fighting 
 
 min-ing 
 
 walk- ing 
 
 
 understand 
 
 firing 
 
 mix-ing 
 
 want- ing 
 
 
 under-stood 
 
 floating 
 
 mop-ing 
 
 wast- ing 
 
 
 under-takc 
 
 flow ing 
 
 mow-ing 
 
 wip-ing 
 
 
 under-laker 
 
 foam- ing 
 
 nail-ing 
 
 yawn -ing 
 
 
 und<r-value 
 
 gam-ing 
 
 nois-ing 
 
 yeam-ing 
 
 
 ; under-went 
 
 giy-ing 
 
 noting 
 
 yell ing 
 
 
 under-writer 
 
 glaring 
 
 nurs- ing 
 
 yield-ing 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 97 
 
 EXERCISE NINETEENTH. 
 
 
 
 [continue D.] 
 
 
 iLC-tion 309 
 
 fallac ious 
 
 mn-*ician 310 
 
 myself 312 
 
 
 addi-rton 
 
 gncious 
 
 phy-sician 
 
 thysilf 
 
 
 admii-iion 
 
 hetbiceoua 
 
 decision 
 
 herself 
 
 
 ambi -tion, tloua 
 
 hesitation 
 
 ia-eision, in-sitton 
 
 bimseif 
 
 
 ascen-Wo/i 
 
 impres-sion 
 
 K-ciaion 
 
 itself 
 
 
 agger rion 
 
 inser-sion 
 
 po-rition 
 
 ourselves 
 
 
 aasump-tJon 
 
 inten -sion, ■Hon 
 
 depo-sition 
 
 yourselves 
 
 
 aXtea-tion 
 
 in va-sion 
 
 disposition 
 
 them selves 
 
 
 aXro- ciout 
 
 invita tion 
 
 exposition 
 
 admiral-sAip 313 
 
 
 auction 
 
 invention 
 
 impo-rition 
 
 authors/tip 
 
 
 j auda-ciot« 
 
 inver-sion 
 
 opposition 
 
 butler-sAip 
 
 
 ' aversion 
 
 judicious 
 
 * 
 
 suppo-sition 
 
 captain-j/iip 
 
 
 j beoedic-rion ' 
 
 licen-tious 
 
 inqui sition 
 
 clerk sAip 
 
 
 cupti cioui 
 
 malicious 
 
 rwjui sition 
 
 consul-sAip 
 
 
 eapri- c/ou» 
 
 man sion,men-tion 
 
 ainorotM, &e., 311 
 
 courl-sftip 
 deacon-s/tip 
 
 
 c&p tim, lio'it 
 
 meditation 
 
 ardu-ous -ly, -nest 
 
 
 carnation 
 
 mis-sion 
 
 barbar-ous-iy,-ness 
 
 editor-s/Jip 
 
 
 cau -tion, tious 
 
 mo-tion 
 
 beaute-OMS-?j/,-ness 
 
 eIder-»A(p 
 
 
 ceasBition 
 
 na-tion 
 
 bounte-ouj i^i-ness 
 
 factorship 
 
 
 ' ces-»i9rt, gci9-»ion 
 
 no-tion 
 
 cancer- Otts 
 
 Cillow-sftip 
 
 
 \ oohe-iion 
 
 occasion 
 
 copiousii/,-n«ss 
 
 friend ship 
 
 
 ■ oono-tion 
 
 opprea-sisn 
 
 curi-ou« ly, -ness 
 
 general-sAip 
 
 
 : deccp-fion 
 
 optician 
 
 dangei- otts-ly,-ness 
 
 guardian-sAip 
 
 
 • delu-sion 
 
 ora- tion 
 
 desirous 
 
 hard-sAip 
 
 
 1 deati tton 
 
 partition 
 
 devious 
 
 head s/iip 
 
 
 ! depression 
 
 pas tixm 
 
 dati-ous 
 
 heirship 
 
 
 deser tion 
 
 pen-siow 
 
 fiiri OMs -ly, -ness 
 
 bonenan-ship 
 
 
 1 detec-tion 
 
 peti' tion 
 
 geaei- ous -ly, -ness 
 
 judgeship 
 
 
 j detention 
 
 possession 
 
 hideous -ly, -ness 
 
 king sAip 
 
 
 1 devo-tion 
 
 pa tion 
 
 humoroiis -ly.-ness 
 
 lady-ship 
 
 
 j dic-f ion 
 
 redemp tion 67 
 
 ingeni-ous -ly, -ness 
 
 legate- sAip 
 
 
 j delicio^i* 
 
 rela-tion 
 
 invidi-ous -ly, -ness 
 
 lord-sAip 
 
 
 diroen-tion 
 
 remis-sion 
 
 marvelous -b/,-ness 
 
 master sAip 
 
 
 : diver-sion 
 
 repulsion 
 
 melodi ous -ly, &c. 
 
 members/!ip 
 
 
 I divi-ciffn 
 
 resump-tion 
 
 nervous -ly, -ness 
 
 mercer- sAip 
 
 
 1 donation 
 
 retention 
 
 numer ous -ly, &c. 
 
 owner-sAip 
 
 
 1 edition 
 
 reversion 
 
 obvi 02« -ly, -ness 
 
 p)artner- sAip 
 
 
 i emer-«ion 
 
 revision 
 
 odi-ous -ly, -ness 
 
 rector-sftip 
 
 
 emis-rion 
 
 saga-eioiM 
 
 pi-ous -ly 
 
 res<-nt-«/tip 
 
 
 1 erao-tion 
 
 salacious 
 
 plente-oiM -ly,-ness 
 
 regislcr-sAip 
 
 
 1 era-»ion 
 
 salvation 
 
 religious -ly 
 
 relation-sAip 
 
 
 excur-»ion 
 
 sedi tion, -tUntt 
 
 rigorous -ly, -ness 
 
 rogues/lip 
 
 
 exemp-tion 
 
 spacious 
 
 seri ous -ly, -ness 
 
 seaman -sAip 
 
 
 1 exer-tion 
 
 suspi -cion, -ciot<« 
 
 studi-ous ly, -ness 
 
 senator-s^ip 
 
 
 1 expansion 
 
 tena- cioas 
 
 tedious -ly, -ness 
 
 sergeant-sAip 
 
 
 I expedi -tion, -tiotu 
 
 termina-tion 
 
 timor-OMS -ly, -ness 
 
 son-ship 
 
 
 explosion 
 
 venera- tion 
 
 ulcer- ous -ness 
 
 surveyarshtp 
 
 
 expres-sion 
 
 vexa -tion, -tiout 
 
 venom-ous -ly, &c 
 
 vicar-sAip 
 
 
 expulsion 
 
 vina-ceous 
 
 vigorous -ly, -ness 
 
 ward sAip 
 
 
 extortion 
 
 voca-tion 
 
 wonder-ous -ly 
 
 warden-sAip 
 
 
99 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THI 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTIETH. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 Thou hast been my help, leave we not^ neither 
 forsake me, O God of my salva-^ion. Let thy 
 mercy, O Lord, he upon us, accoid-ing as tee 
 hope m thee. The Lord is my strength a7td song, 
 mid he is become m,y sal va-tion. The fear of the 
 Lord is the beginn-iw^ of wisdom. The Lord is 
 my por-tion, saith my soul ; therefore will I hope 
 in, him. I will look unto the Lord, I will wait for 
 the God of m,y salva-tion, m,y God will hear me. 
 The Lord is my light and m.y salva-^ion, whom 
 shall I fear? God is my salva-^io7i and my 
 GLORY ; the rock of my strength is in God. Let 
 yonr modera-fzo/i be known unto all men. Let 
 us not be weary in well doing. All the ends of 
 the EARTH shall see the salva-^iow of our God. 
 He only is my rock and m,y salva-/ion. Thou 
 art my refuge and my por-^iow. Show us thy 
 mercy, O Lord, and grant us thy salva-^io/i. Sing 
 unto the Lord, bless his name, show forth his sal- 
 \'di-tion from day to-day. O Lord God of my salva- 
 tion, I have cried day and-nighi before thee. I will 
 take the cup of salva-/iow and call upon the name 
 of the Lord. I will walk before the Lord in tht 
 land of the Mv-ing. Fiecious in the sight of the 
 Lord is the death of his saints. O praise the Lord, 
 all ye na.-tions; praise him all ye people. My 
 heart is fixed, O God, my-heart-is-fixed ; ^3 / will sing 
 and give praise even with my glory. 
 
 i 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 99 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-FIRST. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 HERE THEN WE PART FOR EVER. 
 
 Here then we part for ever, — i^^ 
 
 Dear though thou once^si might^i^ be, 
 I would not now endeavor 
 
 To win one25i sigh from thee. 
 Few eyes may shine so bright as thine, 
 
 Few brows may he so fair. 
 But eye nor brow can move me now 
 
 For truth is want-in^ there. 
 Here then loe part for ever — 193 
 
 Dear though thou once^oi might^is be^ 
 I would not now endeavor 
 
 To win one25i sigh from thee. 
 
 The rose when it is blighted, 
 
 Lies wither-iw^ from that hoiir,^"^^ 
 And the fond heart when slighted, 
 
 Will wither like the flower. ^ 
 
 No AFTER sun that beams upon 
 
 That rose, can bloom impart ; 
 No after257 love2ii can e'eri02 re-moves'^ 
 
 The canker fro7n that heart. 
 Here then we part for ever — 193 
 
 Dear though thou once^^i might^is 6e, 
 / woidd not now endeavor 
 
 To win one25i sigh from thee. 
 
 Robert Sweeny. 
 
100 
 
 A C05IFLETE GT7IDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-SECOND. | 
 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNER's PRACTICE. 
 
 
 aftfrre-viale 314 
 
 incom-pact 
 
 con- tent 
 
 pro-cure 
 
 
 abrogate 
 
 incompetent 
 
 con-test 
 
 produce 
 
 
 aftso-lute 
 
 inconstant 
 
 con-text 
 
 pro-faoe 
 
 
 advan-tsige 
 
 incor-poral 
 
 con- tinue 
 
 pro-fcss 
 
 
 advertise 
 
 C07n-bat 
 
 jnagnify 
 
 pro-gress 
 
 
 advo-cate 
 
 com-kine 
 
 magni-ier 
 
 pro- long 
 
 
 aUe-viata 
 
 comfort 
 
 mtscon-ceive 
 
 pro-mote 
 
 
 aU«-gate 
 
 com-poTt 
 
 mitcon strue 
 
 provoke 
 
 
 allo-iium 
 
 com- inerce 
 
 m/»in-fer 
 
 pur-sue 
 
 
 altu-ier 
 
 comvait 
 
 multi-p\y 
 
 pur-suit 
 
 
 allusive 
 
 corn-mode 
 
 MttWi-pBer 
 
 purvey 
 
 
 allu-yinm 
 
 com-mune 
 
 e«/er-prise 
 
 recom-hine 
 
 
 allu-vion 
 
 com pact 
 
 enfer-tain 
 
 recommit 
 
 
 apper-tain 
 
 Cffm-panjr 
 
 jnler-cept 
 
 recom-pact 
 
 
 apyvobate 
 
 compare 
 
 <n/er-ces8oj 
 
 recom-pensc 
 
 
 appro-pnaie 
 
 compass 
 
 inter-change 
 
 recom-poso 
 
 
 ditcommode 
 
 com- pel 
 
 interfeie 
 
 recon-cile 
 
 
 discompose 
 
 comply 
 
 inler-iace 
 
 reconsider 
 
 
 discon-cett 
 
 compile 
 
 infer leave 
 
 recon-vene 
 
 
 dMcon-solatt! 
 
 com-pose 
 
 inler-line 
 
 recora-vey 
 
 
 dwcon-tent 
 
 com- press 
 
 in rer- link 
 
 repre-sent 
 
 
 discon-tinxie 
 
 co?n-pute 
 
 inrer-lope 
 
 reprobate 
 
 
 diteng&ge 
 
 con-cave 
 
 inter lude 
 
 reproduce 
 
 
 disen-tangle 
 
 eon-ceal 
 
 inter-many 
 
 »u6 lime 
 
 
 disinter 
 
 conceit 
 
 infer-meddle 
 
 «M6-rait 
 
 
 di«tn-UiraU 
 
 concern 
 
 inrer-mingle 
 
 »M6fer-fuge 
 
 
 eZective 
 
 concise 
 
 inter mil 
 
 subter ranean 
 
 
 e/ector 
 
 con cord 
 
 tnfer-mix 
 
 »wp-ply 
 
 
 e^uz-distant 
 
 con-cur 
 
 infer-pose 
 
 sup- port 
 
 
 equipoise 
 
 con-demn 
 
 inrer-sect 
 
 super-add 
 
 
 tqui-page 
 
 con- dense 
 
 interspace 
 
 »wper-cargo 
 
 
 equivocal 
 
 con-dole 
 
 iMfer-val 
 
 »Mper-fine 
 
 
 equiv-ocato 
 
 con-fer 
 
 intervene 
 
 superlative 
 
 
 i^ec-ted 
 
 con-(em 
 
 inter-view 
 
 temp-er 
 
 
 affirm-atife 
 
 con- fine 
 
 o&«ti-nate 
 
 temp-oral 
 
 
 afflicted 
 
 con-firm 
 
 oppor-tune 
 
 tran-quil 
 
 
 aggra-rate 
 
 eon-fiise 
 
 oppro- hrium 
 
 transcend 
 
 
 aggregate 
 
 con- fute 
 
 per-chanca 
 
 tranafet 
 
 
 ogTj-culture 
 
 con-eeal 
 
 per-mit 
 
 traiu-fix 
 
 
 agri-monr 
 
 con-nive 
 
 pervade 
 
 trans-faae 
 
 
 Ayper-bole 
 
 con-serve 
 
 pre-face 
 
 trans grest 
 
 
 Ayper-critic 
 
 con- sider 
 
 jwe-fet 
 
 trans- kite 
 
 
 ln/tter-ka.1 
 
 con-sign 
 
 pre-fix 
 
 trans-mit 
 
 
 hydro-gen 
 
 con-sist 
 
 pre-serve 
 
 trans-mute 
 
 
 ftydro-mel 
 
 con-sole 
 
 pre- tend 
 
 trans-pire 
 
 
 /tydro-phaae 
 
 con-spire 
 
 pre-tence 
 
 trons port 
 
 
 Aydro-phobia 
 
 om-sult 
 
 pretext 
 
 trans pose 
 
 
 Aypo-critical 
 
 con-tain 
 
 pre-vail 
 
 ejrer-cise 
 
 
 imperative 
 
 on-tumn 
 
 ' pre vent 
 
 ' It ir- pate 
 
 
 incommode 
 
 con tempt 
 
 1 pri vale 
 
 ej;pH-c«te 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 101 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-THIRD. 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR THE LEAENER's PRACTICE. 
 
 en-act 
 
 sx-eux 
 
 react 
 
 accotd-ance 
 
 appeal ance 
 
 bal-ance 
 
 buoy-ancy, ant 
 
 ded-ance 
 
 gf-ant 
 
 pud-ance 
 
 pli -ancy, -ant 
 
 reli-ancfl 
 
 ten-ant 
 
 variance 
 
 vengeance 
 
 a.ble, a-bly, Sibilit]/ 
 
 bible 
 
 bab-ble, bub ble 
 
 brajn-ble 
 
 csi-ble 
 
 aum-ble 
 
 cuxa.- ble 
 
 dab-ble 
 
 dun.-ble, -bilUy 
 
 eaX&rble 
 
 fee -ble, -bly, &e. 
 
 %a.bble, gfibrbU 
 
 gam-ble 
 
 gzx-ble 
 
 grum-ftte 
 
 hum-i/e, ham-bly 
 
 inm-ble 
 
 lauda-&'« 
 
 laugba-ite 
 
 mm-ftte, nim-Uy 
 
 paya-6Ze 
 
 plia-6/«, -ness, p\ia.bility 
 
 porta- i2e, -nesa 
 
 taxable, moi-blt 
 
 8tum-i{e 
 
 tarble 
 
 tiem-Me 
 
 tum-6/e 
 
 ar-dent, -ly 
 
 c&dence 
 
 can dent 
 
 cre-dence 
 
 defendant 
 
 di&dent 
 
 uDpu-dence, -dent 
 
 pru -dence, dent 
 student 
 Iri-dent 
 verdant 
 audi-ence 
 
 dekr-ence, difier-ene« 
 expedi ence,^ ent 
 exist -ence, ent 
 flu -ence, ent 
 car -est, -etk 
 greatest 
 happi-e«t 
 what-erer 
 when ever 
 where ecer 
 af/ect, at-f,ict 
 de-fect, de-form 
 K-Jlect, ie-form 
 aw-ful, -ly 
 baae-ful, ly 
 bash-ZuJ, -ly 
 beauti-/u2, -ly 
 bounti-/u{, ly 
 bliss-ful 
 careful, -ly 
 dire fil, -ly 
 doleful, -ly 
 dread-/MZ, -ly 
 fearful, -ly 
 frif^tful, -ly 
 graceful, -ly 
 erate-ful, -ly 
 bate-/«^ ly 
 hope/wZ, -ly 
 hurt-/ui, -ly 
 joyful, -ly 
 manful, -ly 
 mirtiiful, -ly 
 mouroful, -ly 
 painful, -ly 
 plenti-/u2, ly 
 right-ful, ly 
 sinful,-ly 
 teaj-ful 
 tune-/M/, -ly 
 thought-/MZ, -ly 
 fla-grancy, -grant 
 fra -grance, grant 
 va -grancy, grant 
 caU-graphy 
 
 geo -graphic, -graphs 
 
 para-graph 
 
 tele -graph, -graphic 
 
 aa-guish 
 
 idatinguish 
 
 extinguish 
 
 l&n- guish 
 
 exhibit 
 
 in-habit, in-hibit 
 
 boy-hood 
 
 child-Aood 
 
 maiden-Aood 
 
 raaa-hood 
 
 vndowhood 
 
 ed-ify 
 
 gtat-ify 
 
 mod-ify 
 
 rect-tfy 
 
 viv-^fy 
 
 cavity 
 
 char-ity 
 
 "gravity 
 
 humil-ity 
 
 real-ity 
 
 Bincer-zty 
 
 eom4cal, -ly 
 
 con-ical 
 
 ban-ish 
 
 foo\-ish 
 
 vaag-icat 
 
 heroism 
 
 de-ject 
 
 ^B-join 
 
 e-ject 
 
 en-join, inject 
 
 de-claim, decline 
 
 dis-ctotm, dis-count 
 
 ex-claim, exclude 
 
 inclitte, ia-clude 
 
 bare-ly 
 
 dear ly 
 
 bigb-ly 
 
 Ju8t-{y 
 
 king-iy 
 
 low-iy 
 
 roan-<y 
 
 open-Zy 
 
 part-?y 
 
 quick-Zy 
 
 aing-ly 
 
102 
 
 A COMPLETE GXJIDZ TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-THIRD. 
 
 [continued.] 
 
 lime-ty 
 
 yeaj ly 
 
 dia7ccr 
 
 o-Uct 
 
 neg-lfCt 
 
 ae-lect 
 
 aim-less 
 
 beam-lat 
 
 caie-lett 
 
 Aovlol-lest 
 
 fear 7m» 
 
 rest 7e«« 
 
 de-mand 
 
 te-tnand 
 
 amend 
 
 aug-ment 
 
 basement 
 
 bat-ment 
 
 defei-meni 
 
 deth-ment 
 
 element 
 
 (et-ment 
 
 &\a-ment 
 
 (o-ment 
 
 fr&g-ment 
 
 garment 
 
 la-ment 
 
 ligatnent 
 
 Uai-ment 
 
 memnient 
 
 moment 
 
 moaa-ment 
 
 mnt-ment 
 
 ornament 
 
 payment 
 
 pediment 
 
 pig-7n<nr 
 
 Tn\-m«u 
 
 tudi-ment 
 
 i&CTament 
 
 tedi-ment 
 
 »eg-ment 
 
 »enli-7nent 
 
 teae-ment 
 testament 
 txx-meni 
 6-nance 
 tern nanx 
 I ippag -nance, - 
 I nute nance 
 
 depo-nent 
 
 emi -nence, -nent 
 
 oppo-nent 
 
 perti -nence, -nent 
 
 promi -nence, -nent 
 
 bittet-ness 
 
 brigbt-ne«« 
 
 dark-ne«s 
 
 iair-ne«s 
 
 6t-nets 
 
 gentle-ne«« 
 
 glad-ne«« 
 
 great-nes« 
 
 b&ndi-nesa 
 
 happiness 
 
 heartiness 
 
 just -ness 
 
 kiad-ness 
 
 \ame-ness 
 
 late-ness 
 
 leanness 
 
 loftiness 
 
 mean -n ess 
 
 quick-ness 
 
 sickness 
 
 tenderness 
 
 mel- odj/ 
 
 mon-ody 
 
 POT-ody 
 
 anai-ogy 
 
 elo-gT/ 
 
 geol-ogy 
 
 monopoly 
 
 ana\.-omy 
 
 ebony 
 
 arm ory 
 
 iv-ory 
 
 pill-ory 
 
 pri-ory 
 
 accom-plish 
 
 ap-prove 
 
 dia-place, d'la prove 
 
 im-ptex, improve 
 
 fre -fjuence, -quent 
 
 sequence, ae-quent 
 
 be-quest 
 
 Kqrp-tt 
 
 Klrn-qiiish 
 
 yan-quish 
 
 bankrupt, 
 
 cot-rupt, cot-rect 
 
 direct 
 
 e-rect 
 
 democracy 
 
 piracy 
 
 a-scrtfce 
 
 de-scriie 
 
 dia-ruade 
 
 te-apeci 
 
 alti- tude 
 
 aptitude 
 
 (oititude 
 
 gratitude 
 
 habi tude 
 
 laaai-tude 
 
 lati ittde 
 
 longi-tude 
 
 plenitude 
 
 promptitude 
 
 recli-tude 
 
 aolittide 
 
 aeni-tude 
 
 siinili-ttuie 
 
 destitute 
 
 insti- tute 
 
 prosti-tute 
 
 de tract 
 
 re- tract 
 
 de-volve 
 
 invoke, in-volve 
 
 alier-ward 
 
 a-tcard 
 
 back-ward 
 
 dov,n-u>ard 
 
 for-tcard 
 
 fro-war d 
 
 home-ward 
 
 inward, onward 
 
 out- ward 
 
 re-ward 
 
 tx)-ward ' 
 
 bra-zier 
 
 gla-zier 
 
 grazier 
 
 clo sure 
 
 lei-sure 
 
 mea-Jure 
 
 pleasure 
 
 trea sjire 
 
 a-zure 
 
 sei zure 
 
 actual, -ly 
 
 mu-tual, -ly 
 
 poDc-tuai, -ly 
 
 capture 
 
 crea-ture 
 
 cal-ture 
 
 depar-fure 
 
 feature 
 
 fix- ture 
 
 ftac-ture 
 
 furni-ture 
 
 future 
 
 join- ture 
 
 June ture 
 
 lee ture 
 
 mixture 
 
 nature 
 
 nur ture 
 
 pasture, pos-ture 
 
 picture 
 
 rap-ture, rup ture 
 
 Scrip- ture 
 
 texture 
 
 tinc-ture 
 
 tor-ture 
 
 ven-ture 
 
 vesture 
 
 courteous 
 
 righ teous 
 
 ancient, -b/ 
 
 pa-tience, pa-tient 
 
 easen-tttU 
 
 Hiian-cial 
 
 jadi-cial 
 
 mar-tial marshal 
 
 pai-tial 
 
 puten tiai 
 
 so-cial 
 
 spe-cial 
 
 annun-cuzte, -ion 
 
 asao-ciate, -ion 
 
 depre-cwte, -ion 
 
 emaciate, -ion 
 
 enun date, -ion 
 
 expatiate 
 
 ingra- tiate 
 
 ini-riate, -ion 
 
 licen tiate 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHS'. 
 
 103 
 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. 
 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNER'S PRACTICE. 
 
 
 abhoi-ing 316 
 
 disin-tei-ment 
 
 incom pati-ble,bly,-binty 
 
 
 ab-Jea 
 
 elec-tion 
 
 incom-pli -ance, -ant 
 
 
 ab-la-ent 
 
 equinoctial 
 
 incom pressi -ble, -bility 
 
 
 ab rap-tion 
 
 ejuj-ponder-nnce, -ant 
 
 incon ceiva ble, bly 
 
 
 ab-sconiling 
 
 equiv-a-lence, -lent 
 
 incon-denaa -ble, -bility 
 
 
 abseatment 
 
 equiv-oca'tion 
 
 incon-form-ity 
 
 
 ab-sori>-tion 
 
 effi-ca- ciotia 
 
 incon nec-tion 
 
 
 abstract 
 
 esti-ma-ble 
 
 incon ae-quent 
 
 
 abstract- ing zn 
 
 esti-ma-lion 
 
 incon-aidexa- ble, -nets 
 
 
 ab-stiac tion 
 
 esti-va-tion 
 
 incon axdeta tion 
 
 
 ab-B\udity 
 
 affiic-ted-ness 
 
 inron-aiatency,ent,ently 
 
 
 ab-aatd-ly 
 
 evi-dence, evi-dent,ly 
 
 incon sola -ble, -bly 
 
 
 abbre-viat-ing 
 
 evi-ta-ble 
 
 incon so -nance, -nam 
 
 
 abbre-via-tion 
 
 affect-ation,aMrm-a-tion 
 
 incontesti -ble, -bly 
 
 
 obrogBXing 
 
 affec-led-ly 
 
 incon-ti -nence, -nent, -ly 
 
 
 abrogation 
 
 affec-tednesa 
 affect-ing, affirm-ing 
 affec-tion 
 
 incon-\em-ence.-ent,-ently 
 
 
 abso-\u-tion 
 
 incow-verti -ble, -bility 
 
 
 abso-nant 
 
 incor-pora-tion 
 
 
 advertiae-ment 
 
 affective-ly 
 affinn-able 
 
 in cor-rigi-ble,-bler7 ess, ■ bly 
 
 
 adver tiaing 
 
 incorrect, incor-rupt 
 
 
 advo-ca-tion 
 
 affirm-ance, ajffirm-ant 
 
 incor-ntption 
 
 
 alU-giance 
 
 ajirm-ative-ly 
 
 incorrupt-nets 317 
 
 
 aUe-\ia.t-ing 
 
 afflict-ing 
 
 comrbat-ant 
 
 
 aUi-ance 
 
 affile- 1 ion 
 
 C07n-bat-ing 
 
 
 alloca-tion 
 
 affiic-ti\e-ly, effec-tive-ly 
 
 com hina ble 
 
 
 allo-cu-tion 
 
 afflu-cnce, affiu-ent, -ly 
 
 com-hina-tion 
 
 
 allusion 
 
 effec-tible 
 
 combin ing 
 
 
 allusi\e-neas 
 
 effec-ti\e-nes8 
 
 com-Utrtable, -blenessi-bly 
 
 
 apper -tain in g 
 
 effect-less 
 
 coTn-fort-less 
 
 
 appre fiend, -ed, -er. sive 
 
 effec-tual-ly 
 
 command-ant 317 
 
 
 apprehending 317 
 
 aggra-\a-tion 
 
 com-mand-ment 
 
 
 appre hensi-ble 
 
 aggre-gating 
 
 com-men>orable 
 
 
 apprehension 
 
 aggrega-tion 
 
 com-mcmoration 
 
 
 approltat-ing 
 
 agreeable, agree-a-bly 
 
 com-aienc ment 
 
 
 appro bsi-tion 
 
 agree-ing 
 
 commcnc-ing 
 
 
 discon-cen-ing 
 
 agree-ment 
 
 com-mendation 
 
 
 dis:on-ii>rm-ity 317 
 
 agri-cnVture 
 
 com-mer-cial 
 
 
 discon-nect 
 
 hydro-graphic 
 
 com-mmation 
 
 
 discon nec-tion 317 
 
 imper-atively 
 
 com-mmgMng 
 
 
 disconso\a.-tion 
 
 imper-cepti-ble, -bty 
 
 cow-minu tion 
 
 
 discon-tentedly 
 
 imper-fect 
 
 cotn-miaera-ble 
 
 
 discon-tenled-ness 
 
 imperii- nence, nent, -ly 
 
 com-m\sexa-tion 
 
 
 discon tent-ment 
 
 imperlutha-ble 
 
 commission 
 
 
 discon tinn-ance 
 
 impre-ca-tion 
 
 com-mit ment 
 
 
 disen-camhrance 
 
 imprecision 
 
 com-mixtvre 
 
 
 disen-gage-ment 
 
 jTOpro- pria tion 
 
 com-modi-ous, -ly, -nut 
 
 
 diain-cline 
 
 impro-pri-ety 
 
 commodity 
 
 
 disinfect 
 
 impru-dence -dent-dently 
 
 com-mona-ble 
 
 
 disinfection 
 
 incom-modi-ous, -ly,-nfss 
 
 common-ness 
 
 
 disin gena-ous, ly, -ness 
 
 inco7ii para -ble, bl 
 
 com-mo tion 
 
104 
 
 A COMPLETE GTTIDE TO THE 
 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. 
 
 
 
 [COHTIHUED.] 
 
 
 
 eom-mun-ily 
 
 core cern ing 
 
 consola-fion 
 
 
 cojn muta -ble, -blUty 
 
 con cem-nient 
 
 con-sol-inff 
 
 
 co/nmuta-rion 
 
 concea-tion 
 
 con-stella-fion 
 
 
 eo»i-mu-r«oi 
 
 con-cilia-rio» 
 
 con-stcma-fion 
 
 
 com-p&ct-ness 
 
 con-cisc-ncM 
 
 con-stitut-t'n? 
 
 
 com-para -ble, -bly 
 
 con-ci»ion 
 
 con-stjturton 
 
 
 com-pa.t-ing 
 
 con-clitde 
 
 con-8truc-£ion 
 
 
 com-parti-tion 
 
 con-clu aion 
 
 con Bulta-tion 
 
 
 com-pBXlment 
 
 concoction 
 
 con-summa-fion 
 
 
 eom-pasa-ing 
 
 conciement 
 
 con-sum p-rion 
 
 
 compassion 
 
 con-ciete-nem 
 
 con-tamina M< 
 
 
 co»i-pati- ble, -bly, btiUy 
 
 concte-tion 
 
 core-tamina-tion 
 
 
 com-peUa-6ie 
 
 con- can ing 
 
 con-tent-ment 
 
 
 com-pe\\Ation 
 
 con cas-aion 
 
 con-leeti-ble 
 
 
 cotn-peW-ing 
 
 con-demna-tfon 
 
 con-testa Jion 
 
 
 compendious, -ly, -ness 
 
 con-demn-inff 
 
 continua-rion 
 
 
 com-pensat-ing 
 
 con-dens-ing" 
 
 con tor tUm 
 
 
 eompene&tion 
 
 con-descend-i/ig" 
 
 con-\en-ing 
 
 
 com-peti tion 
 
 con-descen «ion 
 
 eon-veo-tion 
 
 
 com-pila tion 
 
 con-dign-n«s« 
 
 con-ven-ant 
 
 
 com-pile-ment 
 
 con-di-;ion 
 
 con-versa-tion 
 
 
 com-piain-ant 
 
 con-do]e-7nent 
 
 con-\ersion 
 
 
 com-p\e-ment 
 
 con-do]- ence 
 
 con-verti-ble 
 
 
 c<nn-p]e-tion 
 
 eon-do\-ing 
 con-fet-ence 
 
 con-voca-tion 
 
 
 co;n-pli -ance, -ant 
 
 con-vuhfion 
 
 
 compHc&tion 
 
 coK-kning 
 
 contra-diatinc-tion 
 
 
 com-pWment 
 
 con-tes-sion 
 
 contradiatin-guish 
 
 
 comply-inff 
 
 con-figura-{ion 
 
 contro-vexsial 
 
 
 compo-nent 
 
 con-Gne-Tnent 
 
 counter -act 
 
 
 compoTta-ble 
 
 con-fin ing 
 
 counter-ar.-tion 
 
 
 com-poa-ing 
 
 con-fisca-rion 
 
 counter-XiaVanct 
 
 
 com-po-sition 
 
 confla-ence 
 con-fu sion 
 con-fata-ble 
 
 countermand 
 
 
 COTt-pota lion 
 
 counter-peM-tion 
 
 
 com-pressi -ble, bUity 
 
 counter-pioiject 
 
 
 compression 
 
 con-{at3.-tion 
 
 magnifying 
 
 
 eompalnon 
 
 con-geai-ing 
 
 multi-pUable 
 
 
 COOT- puncf ion, -tiotu 
 
 con-gca\-ment 
 
 muUip]ica.-tion 
 
 
 computa ble 
 
 conjoin 
 
 multi-pUc-ity 
 
 
 eom-pat&tton 
 
 con-juac-tion 
 
 muJli-p]y-ing 
 
 
 eomput-iTig 
 
 con-nect 
 
 miseon cep-tion 
 
 
 compre-hend, -ed, -tive 
 
 con-xiec-tion 
 
 misconduct 
 
 
 eompreh:)nd-ing 317 
 
 con-quera-6/e64 
 
 enterprising 
 
 
 eomprehemi -ble, -bility 
 
 conniv anc« 
 
 enter-tam-ing 
 
 
 compre-hen-Hon 
 
 con-^jest 
 
 enter-tain-ment 
 
 
 eompro-mia-ing 
 
 con-science 
 
 interced-ing 
 
 
 eomprn-miting 
 
 con-sciotis 309 
 
 inter cep-tion 
 
 
 con-ceala 6/e 
 
 con-B\deration 
 
 inter-ces-sion 
 
 
 con- cpiil ment 
 
 con-sign-ment 
 
 inter-cesa ory 
 
 
 con-ceaiing 
 
 crm-Bo-ciate 
 
 inter-dude 
 
 
 , eon-cep tion 
 
 con-sola- 6te 
 
 iruerdict 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHS'. 
 
 10b 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. j 
 
 
 
 CONTINUED. 
 
 
 
 mter-est 
 
 per-miasible 
 
 reeon-duet 
 
 
 inter-eat-ing 
 
 per-miasion 
 
 reconsideration 
 
 
 inter-feience 
 
 per-milt-ance 
 
 recon-yey ing 
 
 
 interject 
 
 per-mtitation 
 
 repre-hend 
 
 
 inter-\ocu-tion 
 
 per-secu-tion 
 
 reprehension 
 
 
 interloca-tion 
 
 persuade 
 
 repre aenta-tion 
 
 
 inter \iic-ent 
 
 per-tinacioua 
 
 reproba-tion 
 
 
 intermany-ing 
 
 per-tinac-ity 
 
 aub duction 
 
 
 intermitt-ent 
 
 per-taihation 
 
 aub-du-ing 
 
 
 inter-mix- ture 
 
 pertusion 
 per\-dsion 
 
 aub-met-aion 
 
 
 inter pola-riora 
 
 aub-misaion 
 
 
 inter-position 
 
 per-vexaion 
 pre-cision 
 
 aub-aidence 
 
 
 inter-pretSi-tion 
 
 aubstantial 
 
 
 inter-rupt 
 
 aub-Bti-tute 
 
 
 tnter-mption 
 
 pre-co-cioua 
 
 aub-tract 
 
 
 intersection 
 
 preemption 
 
 sub-trac-tion 
 
 
 inter -speT-sion 
 inter\en tion 
 
 pre-tet-ence 
 pre-feT-ment 
 
 aub-ver-aion 
 aup-pU-ant 
 
 
 inter-volve 
 
 pre-6x-ing 
 
 aup-poTta-ble 
 
 
 intro-version 
 
 pre-hension 
 presenta-tion 
 
 aup-poeable 
 
 
 intrusion 
 
 aup-piea-aion 
 
 
 ob-ject 
 
 presentiment 
 
 aup-puia-tion 
 
 
 ob-iec-tion 
 
 pre-sam-ing 
 
 temperament 
 
 
 ob-la.-tion 
 obrep-tion 
 
 presupposition 
 pse-tend-ing 
 
 tempering 
 temp-eat 
 
 
 Ob servation 
 
 pretension 
 
 tempta-tion 
 
 
 Ob serv-ing 
 
 prevenl-ing 
 
 tempt-ing 
 
 
 obsession 
 
 pre-ven-tion 
 
 tran-qaiVity 
 
 
 obstruct 
 
 pro-ba-tion 
 
 trana-act 
 
 
 ob-stmc-tion 
 
 pro-cuiemerU 
 
 tranaac-tion 
 
 
 ob-lainable 
 
 pro-curing 
 
 trana-km ble 
 
 
 oblain-ment 
 
 prof&n-ity 
 
 trana-fen-ing 
 
 
 Ob-testa tion 
 
 profan-iTig 
 
 trana-form 
 
 
 obtusion 
 
 pro-fesa-ing 
 
 trans form-ing 
 
 
 obli-ga.-tion 
 
 pro-feaaion 
 
 trana-fusible 
 
 
 obli-gaX-ory 
 
 pro-fu-aion 
 
 trana-fuaion 
 
 
 obli-qaa-tion 
 
 pro-grea-aion 
 
 trana gieaaion 
 
 
 obsti-pa-tion 
 
 pro-hibit 
 
 tran-aient 
 
 
 omni-form 
 
 pro tec-tion 
 
 transition 
 
 
 ornithology 
 
 protect ing 
 
 trana-\a-tion 
 
 
 appro bri- oua 
 
 pro-tmction 
 
 trana-Xoca tion 
 
 
 ortho-ilox-ly 
 
 provi aion 
 
 trana-m\aai-ble 
 
 
 ortho-dox-ness 
 
 pursu-ing 
 
 n na-miaaion 
 
 
 perception 
 
 pur-vey-ing 
 
 trana muta-tion 
 
 
 per-co]ation 
 
 recom.-menda-b!e 
 
 tranaplant 
 
 
 percussion 
 
 recom-menda-tion 
 
 trana-p]antation 
 
 
 per -di- tion 
 
 recom mis aion 
 
 trana-poTta ble 
 
 
 per-lect-ing 
 
 Tecommit-ment 
 
 tranaportation 
 
 
 per Tec-tion 
 
 recom-poaition 
 
 trana-po-aition 
 
 
 per-igraph 
 
 recon-cU-ing 
 
 trana-uda- tion 
 
 
106 ▲ COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-FIFTH. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 THE BEACON-LIGHT. 
 
 Dark-ne55 was deepen-i??^ o'er the seas, 
 
 And still the hulk drove on; 
 No sail to answer82 to the breeze 
 
 Her masts and cordage gone; 
 Gloomy and drear her course of fear, 
 
 Each look'd but for a grave, 
 When full in sight, the beacon-light 
 
 Came stream-iw^ o'er the wave ! 
 
 Then wild-/y rose the gladden-iw^ shout 
 
 Of all that hardy crew — 193 
 Bold-Zy they put the helm about, 
 
 And THROUGH the surf they flew ; 
 Storm was forgot, toil heeded33 not, 
 
 And loud the cheer they gave, 
 As full in sight, the beacon-light 
 
 Came stream-z?i§" o'er the wave ! 
 
 And gSii-ly oft the tale they told, 
 
 When they were safe on shore. 
 How hearts had sunk, and hope grown cold. 
 
 Amid the billows' roar ; 
 That not a star had shone afar 
 
 By its pale beam to save, 
 When full i?i sight, the beacon-light 
 
 Came streara-iw^ o'er the wave ! 
 
 J 
 
SPCCIMEN 
 
 II 
 
 /•-^^-N =/ _B _ -^ , 
 
 ^ — •- '^^ ''cD 
 
 - . ^ _ ^e _ ^ .. 
 
 ? _ o-*t- 
 
 -J' 
 
 O "1 LV ^/ V^ (t^ 
 
sciEircE or stenogeapht. 107 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-SIXTH. 
 
 FOR THE LEAANER'S PRACTICE. 
 
 son's farewell to his mother 
 and departure from home. 
 
 ■ Mother—/ leave thy dwelling. 
 
 Thy counsel and thy care : 
 With grief m?/ heart is swelling 
 
 No more in them to share ; 
 Nor hear that sweet voice speaknt^ 
 
 When hours q/" joy run high, 
 Nor meet that mild eye seeking 
 
 When sorrow's touch comes nigh. 
 
 Mother — /leave thy dwelling, 
 
 And the sweet honr of prayer ; 
 With grief my heart is swelHn^-, 
 
 No more to meet thee there. 
 Thy faith and fervor, pleading 
 
 In wnspent*" tones of love 
 Perchance my soul art leading 
 
 To better hopes above^ 
 
 Mother — /leave thy dwelling 
 
 Oh ! shall it he for ever 7 
 With grief m,y heart is swelling, 
 
 From thee — from itiee^ to sever. 
 These arms, that now enfold me 
 
 So closeZy to thy heart, 
 These eyes^ that now behold me, 
 
 From all— ixomzll^ /part. 
 
 CONN. OBSERVER. 
 
108 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-SEVENTH. 
 
 FOR THE LEARKER's PRACTICE. 
 
 PRAYER. 
 
 While the bloom of youth is o'er ^ thee, 
 While thy brow is calm and fair, 
 
 While thine ei/e sees bliss before «» thee, 
 Greet — oh ! greet the gift of Pray'r. 
 
 While thine heart wnblent with sorrow, 
 Dreams not yet of cold despair, 
 
 Gladd'ni/?^ in each radiant morrow. 
 Turn thee to the shrine of Pray'r. 
 
 When the-world'^" is round thee throwing 
 Shades of sadness and of care, 
 
 Still with sweet reliance g\o\ving, 
 Seek — oh ! seek the light of Pray'r. 
 
 When the touch of time descending, 
 Pales thy cheek, and thins thine hair, 
 
 Through'^ this tear/wZ valley wending, 
 Aye he thine the staff of Pray'r. 
 
 So when from thy gaze retreating. 
 Earth *'' born visions fade in air, 
 
 May thy spirit, gently fleettno-. 
 Rise upon the wings of Pray'r. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 109 
 
 ABBREVIATION OP WORDS, &C. 
 
 369 Many words admit of being expressed by 
 their leading sound or sounds ; in such cases, a 
 mark thus / should be inserted beneath, to denote 
 the same ; writing "N^ express — (sive, siveiy, sivenes», &c. 
 — j^ thanks— (give, giver, giving, <fcc., as for instance, 
 Remem — (ber) my counsel. This do in remem, — 
 (Uance) of me. Thcsc Goods are now manufac — 
 (tureU) jjj tjjis country. Questions of importance re- 
 quire delib — (erate) answers, &c. 
 
 370. This method of abbreviation may also be 
 applied in connection with prepositions and termi- 
 nations, as in the following examples, ^ nation — 
 
 [aJ, ilty, -ize, -neas, dec ^ COmpOSSioil (ate, -ately, &C. 
 
 371. The names of the several States of the 
 Union, <fcc. — may be written in Long-hand with 
 their usual abbreviations, as, N. Y. New York. R. 
 I. Rhode Island. N. E. New England. U. S. 
 United States, &,c. 
 
 COMBINATION OF WORDS. 
 
 372. In order to facilitate the process of writing 
 as much as possible, the pronouns may be joined 
 with the auxilary verbs. The word let may also 
 be joined with pronouns^ and for the convenience 
 of joining the first character representing h may be 
 used for the pronoun Aer, the second for him, and 
 th for them when preceded by let ; — the first h for 
 he, and the first w for we before ca/i and will. 
 
 10 
 
110 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-EIGHTH. 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNER's PRACTICE. 
 
 abom filiate, iaaicly, inaUiig, die. 
 
 ariih [metic,-al,-a|]y, mettcian. 
 
 ATgament [al, ation, ative- 
 
 authen flic, -ally, -alaesB, -ate, &c 
 
 beoef [inience,-icieat 
 
 bencT [oleDce, -oleot, -olently. 
 
 benig [nity. 
 
 catho— [lie, -ism, -Ise. 
 
 chaxac [ler, -islic, -istically, -ixe, Ac. 
 
 cofiunisfion [ed, er, ing- 
 
 eon-»ciouM (ly, nesi- 
 
 eoTuthntion [al, -ily, -irt, 4c. 
 
 Atgen [eracy, erate, eratioD, fte. 
 
 delib [erate, eralely,cration, 4.e. 
 
 demon [strable, atrate, stratioD, &o. 
 
 denom finate, inalioD, inaliTe, &c. 
 
 eecen [iric, tricky. 
 
 eccle [siastic, -al. 
 
 einao-2 — [cipate, clpation, &c. 
 
 embel [liih,-ed,-ineDt 
 
 excom — -[municale,-d, rounication. 
 
 extern [porary, porize, ed, &c. 
 
 exUn-guish [ ment. 
 
 faoat (ic, -al, -aUy, -i»m. 
 
 fantas [tic, 'al, ally, -alneis. 
 
 geom (eler, etrician, -elry. 
 
 geomet f rical, -!y. 
 
 idea [tical,-Dess, ftc 
 
 ilia [minale, minating, &c 
 
 iniag [inable, inary, iaaiion, fte. 
 
 impel [aosity, anai, uoasly, &C' 
 
 iadi|r [nation, nity, &0. 
 
 ioexo (rable, raMy, rabilily. 
 
 ioher [it, -able, -ance, &c 
 
 ioleg [rity. 
 
 iniem [peranee, perate, peraUly, Ac 
 
 invi; [orate, oratioo, &e. 
 
 jarid [ical,- ly. 
 
 jurisdic [tion, tional, tj«. 
 
 jnrtspru [dence, denttal. 
 
 iegis [late, Ution, latire, &c 
 
 legit [imacy, imate, Ac 
 
 lexi [cographer, cography, ftc 
 
 luxQ [riance, riate, rioas, Ac. 
 
 raagnan [imoui, imonaly. 
 
 magnif [iccnce, icent, icenlly. 
 
 mechao [ic, -al, -ally, -alness, ftc 
 
 merch [andiM, ant, antahle, &c 
 
 raelamor [phoee, -d, phosti, ftc 
 
 method [teal, ically, ize. 
 
 metro [polimn, political, ftc. 
 
 raunif [>c«nce, icent, icently. 
 
 nari [graMe, Rate, Ration, ftc. 
 
 necru [uiaucer, luancy, luanlic, ftc. 
 
 Deuiral^— [ize, izing, izatiou. 
 
 noroen [clator, claiure, clatural. 
 
 uomi (nale, nation, natire, ftc 
 
 nolo (riety, rious, rioualy, fto. 
 
 nolw ith [standing. 
 
 omnip [otence, oteut,otent1y, 
 
 opin [ionated, ionalive, ftc. 
 
 orbic [ular, nlarly, ulate. 
 
 organ (ic, -ally, -iam, -ite, ftc. 
 
 porsimo [nieus, -ly, Hieas, ftc. 
 
 panic [ular, -ly, -ily, -ize, ftc. 
 
 pathet [ic, -ally, alness. 
 
 penu [riona, -]y, -nesa. 
 
 perpet [oaie, uation, uily. 
 
 perpen [dicular, -ity^ -ly, ftc. 
 
 pracii [cabti, cabiliiy , cal , cally, Ac 
 
 quarrel [some, aomenesa. 
 
 queriiQo [uioua, -]y,-ness. 
 
 reani [mate, raatioa, ftc 
 
 rebap [lize, ii»m, ftc 
 
 recog [nition, nizable, ftc 
 
 recipro^ [cal, cally, cale, ftc. 
 
 recrim [inate, ination, inator, ftc. 
 
 regen [erate, traiion,-d. 
 
 remem [ber, bering, brance. ftc 
 
 revolurion [ary, er, ist, ize, ftc 
 
 sententious [ly, ne*s. 
 
 aeques [tered, trable, trale, ftc. 
 
 eignif [icance, icant, icanlly, ftc 
 
 simu [Ule, lating, lation. 
 
 Bomnam [bnlation, buliim, ftc. 
 
 itahon [al, ary, er, ery. 
 
 sttg (ma, -lie, -lize, ftc. 
 
 slimu [lanl, late, latioo, ftc- 
 
 snccea [aire, sively, Eirenesa, ftc. 
 
 symbol [ic, ical, ize. 
 
 system [atic, atieally, atise, izing. 
 
 ■yrapa [ihetic, thetical, thixe, tiiy. 
 
 taniol [ogiat, ogise, ftc 
 
 tempo [rnry, rarily, -rariness, ftc 
 
 tiran [ic, -ical,ntxe, ftc. 
 
 trigo [nometrical, -nometry. 
 
 usQ (rious, -ly, -neas. 
 
 Talela [dinary, dinarily, ftc 
 
 Tcnfure [ous, oiisly, ooaness. 
 
 Ticto [rious, riously. 
 
 Tocif [erate, eraiion, eroas. 
 
 Tolup [uiary, tuout, tnoualy, Ac. 
 
 roTM.cinu» [ly, neaa. 
 
 watch [fully, ftilncaa 
 
 wonder [fnlly, fulneas. 
 
 Yellow [ish, ishneaa, ftc 
 
 youih (folly, f.ilncai. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 EXERCISE TWENTY-NINTH. 
 
 EXAMPLES TOR THE LEARNER'S PRACTICE, 
 
 Let-me 372 
 
 Lei-me-be 
 
 Let-me-do 
 
 Let-me-haTe 
 
 Let-her 
 
 Let-ber-be 
 
 Let her-do 
 
 Let-ber-have 
 
 Let-him 
 
 Lei-bim-be 
 
 Lel-him-do 
 
 Lel-him-haT« 
 
 Lel-UB 
 
 Let-US-be 
 
 Lel-u8-do 
 
 Let-u»-haTe 
 
 Lei-them 
 
 Lel*thera-b« 
 
 Let-them-do 
 Lei'Uiein'iiaT« 
 
 I-hare 
 
 ]-bave-beea 
 
 I-tiave done 
 
 I-hdve-had 
 
 i-bad 
 
 I-hHii-been 
 
 I-had-done 
 
 I-had-bad 
 
 He-has 
 
 He-has-been 
 
 He-hasKtoue 
 
 He-has-faad 
 
 He-had 
 
 He-had-been 
 
 He-had-done 
 
 fle-had-had 
 
 We-have 
 
 We-bave-been 
 
 We-haTe-douo 
 
 We-have-had 
 
 We-h ad-been 
 
 We-had-done 
 
 We-had-had 
 
 They-have 
 
 They-have-been 
 
 Tbey-have-done 
 
 They- have-had 
 
 Tbey-had 
 
 They-had-been 
 
 They-had-done 
 
 They-had-bad 
 
 I-may-be 
 
 I-may-do 
 
 I-may-bave 
 
 l-iQighibe 
 
 I-might-do 
 
 I-inight-baTe 
 
 He-may-be 
 
 He- may-do 
 
 He-may-have 
 
 He-might-be 212 
 
 He-migbi-do 
 
 He-might-faave 
 
 We-may*be 
 
 We-may-do 
 
 Wemay-have 
 
 We-might-be 
 
 Wermighl-do 
 
 We-might-have 
 
 They-may-be 
 
 They- may-do 
 
 They-may-have 
 
 They-might-be 
 
 They-might do 
 
 They-migbt-have 
 
 I -can -be 
 
 I-can-do 
 
 I-can-have 
 
 I-cou Id-be 
 
 I-could-do 
 
 I-coutd-hare 
 
 He-can-be 
 
 He-can-do 
 
 He-can-bave 
 
 He-coa Id-be 
 
 He-could-do 
 
 He-cou Id-have 
 
 We-can-be 
 
 We-can-do 
 
 We-can-bave 
 
 We-could-be 
 
 We-could-do 
 
 We-coald-have 
 
 They-cau-be 
 
 They-can-do 
 
 They-can-have 
 
 They-could-be 
 
 They-cou Id-do 
 
 They-could-have 
 
 I-will 
 
 I-w ill-be 
 
 I-will-do 
 
 I-will-have 
 
 uld 
 
 l-would-be 
 l-would-do 
 I-would-have 
 He-wiU 
 He-will-be &c. 
 
 Lei-iue-ooi 
 Let-me-not-be 
 Let^ne-Dot-do 
 Let-me-not-bave 
 Let-her-not 
 Let-her-nol-be 
 Let-her-not-do 
 Let-her-not-have 
 Let-hlm-not 
 LeL-bim-nol-be 
 Let-him-nol-do 
 Let-bim-not-bave 
 Let-US- not 
 Let-us-nol-be 
 Let-ns-not-do 
 Let-oa-not-have 
 Let-them-not 
 Let-ihem-not-be 
 Let-them-not-do 
 Let-tbem-uot-bave 
 I-have-not / 
 l-have-nol-been 
 I-have-not-done 
 I-bave -not-had 
 I-bad-not 
 J-had- not-been 
 I -bad -not-done 
 I-h ad-not-had 
 He-has-not 
 He-has-not-been 
 He-has-not-doue 
 He-has-nol-had 
 He-had-not 
 He-had-not-been 
 He-h ad-not-done 
 He-had-not-hud 
 We-have-not 
 We-have-not-been 
 We- h a vc-u o t-d o ne 
 We-have -not- had 
 We-had-not-been 
 We -had- not-done 
 We-had-not-had 
 They-have-not 
 They-have-not-been 
 They-have-noudone 
 They-have-not-had 
 They-had-not 
 Tbey-had-nol-been 
 They-had-not-done 
 They-h ad- not-had 
 l-mity-not-be 
 I-may-not-do 
 I I-may-not-hdve 
 
 I-niighL-nD[-be 
 
 I-migbl-nol-do 
 
 I-might-not-huve 
 
 He-may-not-be 
 
 He-may-nol-do 
 
 He-may-not-have 
 
 He-might- not-be 
 
 He-niight-not-do 
 
 He-m ight-not-have 
 
 We-m ay -not-be 
 
 We-niay-not-do 
 
 We-may-nol-have 
 
 We-migbi-not-be 
 
 We-might-not-do 
 
 We-might-Dot-havt 
 
 They-raay-not-be 
 
 They-may-not-do 
 
 They-raay-noi-have 
 
 They-mjght-uot-be 
 
 They-might-noi-cio 
 
 They-might-not-have 
 
 I-cau-not-be 
 
 l-can-iiotnio 
 
 I-can-nol-have 
 
 l-could-iiot-be 
 
 I-could-not-do 
 
 I-coiild-not-have 
 
 He-can-not-be 
 
 He-cao-noi-do 
 
 He-can-no t-have 
 
 He-coulcl-DOt-be 
 
 He-could-not-do 
 
 He-could-not-have 
 
 We-can- not-be 
 
 We-can-not-do 
 
 We-can-not-have 
 
 We-couid-not be 
 
 We-could-Dot-do 
 
 W e-co u 1 d-n ot-ha v e 
 
 They-can-not-be 
 
 They-can-noi-do 
 
 They-can-ootbave 
 
 They-could-not-be 
 
 They-could-not-do 
 
 They-cou Id-not-have 
 
 I-will-not 
 
 1-wiIl-not.be 
 
 I-will-nol-do 
 
 I-wiU-oot-have 
 
 I.wonld-not 
 
 l-wonld-nol-be 
 
 I-woul(J-not-do 
 
 I-wonld-not-have 
 
 He-will-not 
 
 He-will-nol-be &c. 
 
112 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS RULES AND DIRECTIONS. 
 
 When the student first endeavors to write after 
 a speaker, he must not be discouraged if he finds 
 himself unable to keep pace with him. In his early 
 attempts he will perhaps feel so confused, as to be 
 prevented from writing with half the expedition of 
 which he is really capable. It will be in vain for 
 him to expect that he can preserve every word. 
 Let him be content, at first, to take the substance 
 of what is delivered, retaining, as much as possible, " 
 whatever is peculiar in the phraseology of the 
 speaker, and by perseverance and practice he will 
 find himself able to write more and more fully, till 
 at length his performance will be quite satisfactory. 
 
 The pupil will find it useful, after he has become 
 well acquainted with the foregoing rules and the 
 annexed specimen plates, to employ some friend to 
 read extracts on different subjects, very deliberately, 
 while he writes them down. This will familiarize 
 him to the manner of following a voice, will call 
 his acquirements into active exercise, and will les- 
 sen the embarrasments above alluded to. 
 
 It will also facilitate the progress of the leamer, 
 if, when he casts his eye on an unusual word, or 
 hears it spoken in company, he accustom himself to 
 consider how it should be expressed in short hand. 
 This method will greatly contribute to readiness 
 and expedition. 
 
 The first word or two of every sentence should 
 be written very plain, so as to leave them distinct 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 113 
 
 and of an easy legibility. By this means you will 
 secure connection, and render the whole sentence 
 easy to be read, though much abbreviated in the 
 latter part. 
 
 When the learner at first attempts to decipher 
 what he has written in Short-hand, the best way 
 is to transcribe it in common hand, and when a 
 word is not known at first sight proceed to speak 
 each letter separately and distinctly, and then pro- 
 nounce the whole together, and so continue writing 
 and deciphering till in a short time, practice and 
 perseverance will make it so completely easy, that 
 he will be able to read it without the trouble of 
 transcribing. 
 
 The smaller the characters can be written, with- 
 out becoming indistinct, the more it will promote 
 expedition. 
 
 An important use to which Short-hand Writing 
 may be applied in Schools, is that of the scholars, 
 in classes, writing in it expeditiously from a tutor's 
 or governess' dictation ; and afterwards being re- 
 quired to produce the same matter correctly spelled 
 in fair writing from their short-hand manuscript. 
 
 When great dispatch is requisite, all stops, except 
 the period, may be omitted, leaving a blank, pro- 
 portioned in size to the length of the pause required. 
 
 In taking down sermons, quotations from scrip- 
 ture frequently occur. It will be sufficient if a few 
 of the first words of these be inserted, as the defi- 
 ciency can afterwards be supplied from memory, 
 or by consulting a concordance. 
 
 10* 
 
114 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 When a short hand writer is employed to take 
 down proceedings in the courts of law, and it is of 
 consequence to report them as nearly verbatim as 
 possible, it is desirable to make him previously ac- 
 quainted with the matter in dispute, which is often 
 so complicated as not to be easily understood. By 
 becoming master of the case beforehand, he will be 
 in less danger of falling into mistakes, and will 
 more readily comprehend the bearing of what is 
 said. 
 
 The Eissistance of a Teacher, when it can be ob- 
 tained, is of great advantage in the study of this art. 
 Men differ in their genius and perceptions, and 
 every pupil has his own peculiar views and ideas. 
 Difficulties present themselves to some minds which 
 never occur to others, and which no writer on the 
 subject can anticipate. It is impossible, in a public 
 treatise, to lay down the rules and explanations 
 adapted to the capacities, and satisfactory to the 
 understanding of all who may endeavor to learn 
 by it. A master, however, has it in his power to 
 give such minute and personal instructions as 
 cannot fail to produce a beneficial result. He can 
 at once explain to the student whatever seems ob- 
 scure and ambiguous ; he can solve his difficulties, 
 correct his mistakes, assist his inventions, encour- 
 age him in his progress, and lead him on to a 
 practical proficiency. 
 
 "Despair of nothing that you would attain, 
 Unwearied diligence your point will gain." 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 15 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTIETH. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 A HYMN OF THE VINTAGERS. 
 
 'Tis evenm^,^^ and the sun's last gleam 
 
 Beneath^s'' the wave will soon be gone ; 
 But ere it leaves the mountain stream, 
 
 Our vintage labor will be done. 
 Hark ! hark l^'' the ipeaUng^^ vesper bell 
 
 From toil unto devo^io?i^^ calls. 
 Of hope and joy it seems to tell, 
 
 As sweetZj/^53 ^^ the ear it falls. 
 
 'Tis sweet to rest from toil awhile ; 
 
 And when the shades of night are come, 
 To meet the cheering^^ welcome smile, 
 
 That waits us at our peaceful^'* home. 
 Hark ! hark \^ the peah'w^^^ vesper bell, 
 
 From toil unto devotio7i^°^ calls, 
 Of hope and joy it seems to tell 
 
 As sweetly^^ on the ear it falls. 
 
 THE CLOSE OF LIFE. 
 
 When life's last lustre sheds a fee6Ze^^ ray. 
 And time with silent^^ finger marks decay ; 
 When scarce the droopin^^"* wing has power to soar. 
 GladZy^^* we give the unequaP* co^itest^^" o'er ;^* 
 And humbly^** hope in this our last re-quest^ 
 To trim our even^?^^^ lamp, then sink to rest. 
 
116 A COJIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-FIRST. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 A well instructed people alone^" can be a free 
 people. BeantY is no longer amiaft/e than while 
 virtue^^^ adorns it. Charily, like the sun, brightens 
 every oh-ject on which it shines. Disappointment* 
 and distress are often blessi?i^5 in disguise. Ex- 
 ercise and temperance strengthen the cowstitu^tow, 
 and sweeten the enjoywe/i^s of life. Feeft^e are all 
 the pleanSMzes in which the heart has no share. 
 Guilt may attain temporal splendor but can never 
 confer real happiness. Happiness is a theme on 
 which all delight to expa^ia^e. It is not only 
 cruel but base to sport with the sorrows and suffer- 
 ings of the unfortunate.*'* Jealousy, hatred, mal- 
 ice, and other malignant passions pervert the soul 
 and cramp the best feelings of our na/nre. Know- 
 ledge'^of man is highly important for all to obtain. 
 Let not the blessings we daiZy receive from God, 
 make us not to value, or not praise him because 
 they are common. Modesty sits gracefnlli/ upon 
 youth, it covers a multi-tude of faults, and doubles 
 the lustre of every virtue which it seems to hide. 
 No reg\i]aiion of con-duct can altogether^'' prevent 
 pa.ssions from disturbi??^ our peace,^'* and misfor- 
 tunes from wounding our hearts. Over^* all the 
 moments of life, religion scatters her favors, but re- 
 serves her best, her choicest blessings for the last 
 hour. Possess your mind with the vast importance 
 of a good judgment, and the in-estimable^* advan- 
 tage of right reasoning. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 117 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-SECOND. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 Religion is the daughter of heaven, parent of our 
 virtues, andscource of all true felicity. Seek your 
 companions and friends in the society of the repu- 
 ta6/e, the wise and the good. The sentiments of 
 universaP^^ benev-[olence^' expands the heart, hu- 
 manizes the mind, and fosters every genero?<5 affec- 
 tion. The end of learni/<^ is to know God, and 
 out of that knowledge'^' to love him, and to imitate 
 him, as we may the nearest, by possessing our souls 
 of true virtue. Universai^^^ ignorance or infinite 
 errors will overspread the mind which is utterly neg- 
 lected and lies withouf^^ any cultivaifion. Vices 
 are never ixxMy eradi-[cated,^'' it is easier to prevent 
 their betn^ planted, than to restrain their growth 
 after they have once taken root. We should dis- 
 pose of the time past to observation and reflection, 
 of the time present to duty, and of the time to come 
 to providence. When men have once'^i resolved 
 upon a difficult and dangeroMs enterprise, no time 
 seems so tedions as the space betwixt^" the deter- 
 mination and the execution. Your duty, your 
 inter-est, and your happiness require that you 
 should associate only with the intelli-[gent^" and 
 the virtuous. Zealously 7?nrsue that course of life, 
 which will be the most conducive to the general 
 good of all. Zest may be given to virtuous prac- 
 [tices by the loveliness of virtuous precepts. Zeal- 
 ously endeavor to allewiate the wants of the poor. 
 
lis A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-THIRD. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 THE HOME OF HAPPIER DAYS. 
 
 Yes, briofht the velvet lawn appears 
 
 And fair the hlooming- bowers 
 Yet blame nie not, I view with tears 
 
 This scence of light and flowers. 
 Str.ingers possess my native halls, 
 
 And tread my wonted ways ; 
 Alas ! no look, no voice recalls, 
 
 The home of happier days. 
 
 The gay guitar is still in tune. 
 The green -ho use plants are rare ; 
 
 Glad faces throng the wide saloon, 
 But none I love are there. - 
 
 O ! give me friendship' s^^^ cherish'd^' tone 
 Give me affec-tion's^^^ gaze ; 
 
 Else my sad heart can never own 
 
 The home of happier days. 
 
 RE L I G I ON. 
 
 Religion hail ! by God divineZ^/ gi ven 
 
 To soothe our woes, and lift our hearts to heaven ; 
 
 By thee inspired our souls superior rise 
 
 To EARTHLY thiugs and gain by faith the skies. 
 
 O ! be thy influence through my bosom shed. 
 
 When sorrows threaten and when dangers spread ; 
 
 Or in prosperi/y'5 alluring' hour 
 
 Still may I feel thy sweet coniioWing power. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHr. 119 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-FOURTH. 
 
 FOE THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 'THE MEMORY OF JOYS THAT ARE PAST." 
 
 There is a tear of sweet relief — 
 
 A tear of rapture and of grief; 
 
 The feeli?ig heart alone**^ can know 
 
 What soft emotiojis bid it flow. 
 
 It is when memory charms the mind, 
 
 With tender images refined ; 
 
 'T is when her magic spells restore 
 
 Departed friends and joys no more. 
 
 There is an hour — a pensive hour ; 
 And oh ! how dear its soothing power ! 
 It is when twilight spreads her veil, 
 And steals along^'^ the silent dale ; 
 'Tis when the fading blossoms close. 
 When all is silence and repose ; 
 Then memory wakes and loves'*" to mourn, 
 The days that never can return. 
 
 There is a strain — a plaintive strain. 
 The source of joy and yet of pain ; 
 It is the song whose dyiw^ measure 
 Some friend beloved has heard with plea^«e. 
 Some friend who ne'er again may hear. 
 The melti?i^ lay to memory dear ; 
 Ah ! then her magic spells restore 
 Wsions of bliss/'uZ days no more. 
 
 FELICIA HEMANS. 
 
190 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-FIFTH. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 Concluding sentence of the Speech of the Right Honorable Lord 
 Brougham, Lord High Chancellor of England, on the Second Read- 
 ing of the Reform Bill. Delivered in the House of Lords, on Friday, 
 the 7th of October, 1831. 
 
 This I know, that as sure as man is man, the 
 delay of justice serves but to enhance the price at 
 which you must purchase safety and peace.^" Your 
 hoidships^^^ are the highest judicial authority^ in 
 the realm; you sit here as judges in all causes, 
 civil and criminal, which can come between^" sub- 
 ject and-subject.^9 It is the first officc of judges, never 
 to decide in any, the most trilling- cause, without^* 
 healing- every thing that can be given in evidence 
 conceining- it. Will you decide the great cause of 
 a na-^iowV" hopes and fears without^^s a hearmo"? 
 Beware of your decision.^^" Rouse not the spirif^"^ 
 of a peace'^i^-lovingj^'i but determined people, alien- 
 ate*^ not the affec-tions of a great empire from your 
 body. 
 
 As your friend, as the friend of my country, as 
 the servant of my sovereign, I counsel you to assist 
 with all your efforts to preserve the nation[al^*] 
 peace,'^" and perpet[uate^^J the nation[al^^] prosper- 
 ity. For all these reasons, I pray and beseech you 
 not to reject this bill. I call upon you by all that 
 you hold most dear, by all that binds every one of 
 us to our common order and our common country, 
 unless, indeed, you are prepared to say that you 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 121 
 
 will admit of no Yeform^ that you are resolved 
 against'®* all change, for in that case, oppositions^" 
 would at least be consistent ; I beseech you, I 
 solemn/?/ adjure you, yea, even on bended knees, 
 my lords, I implore you not to reject this bill. 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-SIXTH. 
 
 FOR THE LEABNER's PRACTICE. 
 
 A FATHER'S SORROW. 
 
 I bid thee go in grief and tears, fair daughter of my heart, 
 For brightest days are clouded oft, and sweetest joys depart; 
 Thou'lt find this world so flattering now, alas ! a vale of tears, 
 The cup of our existence fiU'd with sorrow and with fears. 
 
 I give thee to thy lover's arms, my beauti/u/ — my child— 
 For well I know thy guileZess heart has fondZy on him smil'd ; 
 He'll take thee to the altar, a young and blooming bride, 
 But hard I feel it is to part with all a father's pride. 
 
 I think me of the days gone by when on thy mother's breast, 
 I us'd to watch thy infant sleep and bless thy place of rest ; 
 And often in the even-tide I took thee on my knee, 
 And happi/y the hours went on amid thy childhood's glee. 
 
 i think me of the loving eye of thy young maidenAood , 
 When joyfully to greet me home, thou'st by the jasmine stood ; 
 And all thy gentle words are fresh e'en now upon my ear. 
 The music of thy youth which us'd a father's heart to cheer. 
 
 When thy mother's cheek grew pale and her farewell kiss was given 
 And the blessed angel took her to live with God in heaven ; 
 How oft I twined my fingers in thy dark raven hair. 
 And trac'd her features in thy face and found a portrait there. 
 11 
 
1 22 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 I give thee to thy lover's arms, my beauti/uZ — my child — 
 For well I know thy guileZe«s heart has fond/y on him smil'd ; 
 He'll take tbee to the altar, a young and blooming bride. 
 But hard I leel it is to part with all a father's pride. 
 
 I hope that he will be to thee, the good — the fond — the true — 
 And never then thy marriage hour like some thou 'It \a.ialy rue ; 
 When sorrow 's in thy dwelling love, he '11 take thee to his heart, 
 And kiss away each bitter tear that from thy eyelids start. 
 
 He '11 bless thee at his going out, and at his coming in, 
 And thou wilt catch each look of love, and strive e'en more to win ; 
 He will be thy strength in weakness, thy joy in sorrow's hour. 
 Thy friend before a faithless world, thy rainbow in the shower. 
 
 When friends have false or fickle prov'd, and care sits on his brow, 
 When fortune's lash is keen/y felt, remember then thy vow ; 
 And take him in his sadden'd mood, thy fairy hands caress. 
 And let him know the treasure which in tbee he does possess. 
 
 Thou 'It thus be round him all thy days, a tender graceful flower, 
 And he will be thy safe-guard from the ruthZess temp-est's power : 
 Close clasp thy love together, be his beauty and his pride, 
 And the " shadow of a rock" be thine throughout the desert wide. 
 
 I bless thee then my gentle girl, receive my benison, 
 And may the tie now near/y wove, be formed again in heavew ; 
 And though in bidding thee farewell, there 's sadnes* on my brow, 
 I '11 lead thee to the altar, God's blessing on thy vow. 
 
 HOME! 
 
 Home ! 't is the name of all that sweetens life ; 
 Oh ! 't is a name of more than magic spell, 
 Whose sacred power the wanderer best can tell ; 
 He who long distant from his native land 
 Feels at her name his eager love expand ; 
 Whether as parent, husband, father, friend, 
 To that dear point his thoughts, his wishes bend ; 
 And still he owns where'er his footsteps roam, 
 Life's choicesf blessing* centre all at home. 
 
SCrENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 123 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-SEVENTH. 
 
 FOR THE LEARNEK'S PRACTICE. 
 
 THE DAYS THAT ARE P^ST. 
 
 We will not deplore them, the days that are past ; 
 
 The gloom of misfortune is over them cast ; 
 
 They are lengthened by sorrow, and sullied by care, 
 
 Their griefs were too many, their joys were too rare ; 
 
 Yet now that their shadows are on us no more. 
 
 Let us welcome the piospect that brightens before ! 
 
 We have cherished fair hopes, we have plotted brave schemes, 
 We have lived till we find them illusive as dreams ; 
 Wealth has melted like snow that is grasped in the hand, 
 And the steps we have climbed have departed like sand. 
 Yet shall we despond while of health wnbereft ?J04 
 And honor, bright honor, and freedom, are left ? 
 
 Oh ! shall we despond while the pages of time 
 iZe-open before us the records sttfilime ! 
 While, enno&Zed by treaswre* more precious than gold, 
 We can walk with the martyrs and heroes of old ; 
 While humanity whispers such truths in the ear 
 As it softens the heart its sweet music to hear ? 
 
 Oh ! shall we despond, while with vision still free. 
 We can gaze on the sky and the earth and the sea ; 
 While the sunshine can waken a burst of delight. 
 And the stars are a joy and a glory by night ; 
 While each harmony, running through nature, can raise 
 In our spirits the impulse of gladness and praise ? 
 
 Oh ! let us no longer then vainZy l&ment 
 Over scenes that are faded and days that are spent : 
 But by faith unforsaken, wnawed by mischance, 
 On hope's waving banner still fixed be our glance : 
 And should fortune prove cruel, and false, to the last, 
 Let us look to the future and not to the past. 
 
 EPES SARGEST. 
 
124 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-EIGHTH. 
 
 MEMORY. 
 
 A ready recollection^* ] of our knowledge, at 
 the moment when we have occasion for it, is a tal- 
 ent of the greatest importance. The man possessed 
 of it seldom fails to distin o-zt isA himself in whatever 
 sort of business he may be engaged. It is indeed 
 evi-dent that where the power of retention is weak, 
 all attempts at emiyience of knowledge must be 
 vain : for memory is a primary and fundamental 
 power, without which there could be little other 
 intel[lectual^^ ] operation. Judgment and reason- 
 ing" suppose SOMETHING already kiiowu, and draw 
 their decision only from experience. Imagination 
 selects ideas from the treasures of remem[brance,'*' J 
 and produces novelty only by varied combination;?. 
 We do not even form conjectures of distant, or an- 
 ticipations of {uiure events, but by concludi?io' 
 what is possi6/e from what is past. 
 
 MEDITATION. 
 
 It is by meditation that we fix in our memory 
 whatever we learn, and form our own judgment of 
 
 the truth or-falsehood, ^02 the strength or-weakness, ^ of 
 
 what others speak or write. It is meditation or 
 study that draws out long chains of argument and 
 searches, and finds, deep and difficult truths, which 
 BEFORE lay concealed in darkness. 
 
 The way to gain a good reputa-^ion is to 
 endeavor to be what you desire to appear. 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 12S 
 
 EXERCISE THIRTY-NINTH. 
 
 FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 
 
 THE WORLD TO COME. 
 
 If all our hopes and all our fears 
 
 Were prisoned in life's narrow bound ; 
 If, travelers through this vale of tears, 
 
 We saw no better world beyond, 
 Oh ! what could check the rising sigh? 
 
 What EARTHLY thing could pleasure give l 
 Oh ! who would venture then to die ? — 
 
 Or who would venture then to live? 
 
 Were life a dark and desert moor, 
 
 Where mists and clouds eternal spread 
 Their gloomy vail behind, before,^ 
 
 And temp-ests thunder overheard ; 
 Where not a sunbeam breaks the gloom, 
 
 And not a floweret smiles beneath, — 
 Who would exist in such a tomb — 
 
 Who dwell in darkness and in death "^ 
 
 And such were life without the ray 
 
 Of our divine religion given ; 
 'Tis this that makes our darkness day, 
 
 'T is this that makes our earth a heaven ! 
 Bright is the golden sun above, 
 
 And beautiful the flowers that bloom, 
 And all is joy, and all is love, 
 
 Re-flected from the world to come ! 
 
 B0WRIN6. 
 
 11* 
 
126 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 EXERCISE FORTIETH. 
 
 FOR THE LEAEHEH's PRACTICE, 
 
 THE FARMERS OF NEW ENGLAND. 
 
 Mr. Colman, in one of his addresses, before an agricultural society in 
 Connecticut, thus describes the happy condition of an industrious 
 New England Farmer. 
 
 "The farmers of New England^' have every 
 reason to thank God for the co7idition in which 
 they are placed. They need not sigh for more ge- 
 nial climes nor more fertile soils ; these they cannot 
 have WITHOUT dread/wZ abatemew^s of health and 
 comfort. Of all the conditions on earth, which it 
 has been my lot to see or to read of, I am bold to 
 aver that I know of none more favoraiZe to health, 
 competence, enjoyment, and intellectual^* ] and 
 moral improvewe^i^, than that enjoyed by the rural 
 population of New England. I despise the cow- 
 tempt with which some pretend to look down 
 upon us, and the 0/3/jrobrium which they have the 
 ivapude7ice to cast upon our habits of thrift and 
 frugal iV^/. I deem it my highest boast, that I am a 
 New England man and a yankee. I do not ask to 
 have a livino- without labor ; this would be ask- 
 ing for a curse instead of a blessing, and a boon for 
 which I have no claim. I only ask that a livinn^ 
 shall be secure to me with reasonable labor ; and 
 this, New England, in her varioiis departments of 
 industry, promises to all her children. 
 
 Better than all this, more than any other commnn- 
 ity in our country, New England is one common 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGKAPHT. 127 
 
 brotherhood, linked together by a common sym- 
 pathy, a common origin, and the interchange of 
 good offices. In our civil and rehgiotis blessm^^, 
 where is a communiii/ more favored ? Where are 
 tlie means of education more extended, the institu- 
 tions of rehgion better maintained, the pubUc peace 
 more quiet, the standard of morals higher, the 
 course of justice more established,^' ] and the 
 courtesies of life more freely rendered ? Where is 
 the SPIRIT of inquiry and improvement more 
 prompt and diffusive ? 
 
 From the beauti/z^Z prairies of the great Western 
 valley, fertile as the banks of the Nile, and magnif- 
 [icent^**] beyond description, I yet return to my 
 native home in New England with all the warmth 
 of a first LOVE. Her secluded valleys, her verdant 
 meadows, her rounded summits, her dense forests, 
 her rocky mountains, her crystal lakes, her ocean- 
 bound shores, her silver streams, her gushing 
 springs — are all charming^ to me. Here, too, my 
 friends and brethren dwell. I am satisfied to live 
 UNDER her stormy skies, to encounter her bristling 
 temp-ests, to dig in her hard soil — for the mind, as 
 well as the body, is braced by the exposure and the 
 toil. In the midst of what others deem evils, I see 
 inrmmerable^* compensations for which I look in 
 vain to other countries and climes apparen//y more 
 favored. In whatever direction I turn my eyes, 
 there is every where such an exuberance of bless- 
 ings to those who will per-form their duty, that it 
 
128 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 would be the height of ingraiitud^* to complain, 
 and the height of Mly to abandon a certain good 
 for that which is at least ?<ncertain^ and douhiful. 
 I cling to her with the warmest affec-tion of a child 
 — and hdiving been so long sheltered and nourished 
 by her never failing care and kindness, I ask only 
 that I may find my last restiw^-place in the lap 
 which gave me birth." 
 
 EXERCISE FORTY-FIRST. 
 
 Conclusion of a Discourse delivered at Plymouth, Mass., Dec. 22d 
 1820, in commemoration of the first settlement in New England. — 
 By Daniel Webster. 
 
 Let-us-not^2 forget the religiows character of our 
 origin. Our father's^^ were brought hither by their 
 high venera^to7^ for the Christian*^ religion. They 
 journeyed in its light, and labored in its hope. 
 They sought to incorporate its principles with the 
 ele^nen^s of their socie/y, and to diffuse its influ- M 
 eiice through^ all their institu/io7i5, civil, political, 
 and literary. Let us cherish these seniimentSj and 
 extend their influe^ice still more wideZy; in the 
 full conviction that that is the happiest society 
 which partakes in the highest degree of the mild 
 and peaceable'^" spirit"" of Christianity."" 
 
 The hours of this day are rapidZy flym^, and 
 this occasio/i will soon be passed. Neither we nor 
 our children can expect to behold its return. They 
 are in the distant regions of futurtVy, they exist 
 only in the all-creati?i^ power of God ; who shall 
 
SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY, 129 
 
 Stand here, a hundred years hence, to trace 
 through'^'' us, their descent from the pilgrims, and 
 to survey, as we-have now surveyed, the progress 
 of their country durm^ the lapse of a century. 
 We-would anticipate their concurrence with us in 
 our sentiments of deep regard for our common an- 
 cestors. We-would anticipate and partake the 
 pleaswre with which they will then re-count the 
 steps of New England's^" advancement On the 
 morning' of that day, although ^^^ it will not disturb 
 us in our repose, the voice of acclamation and 
 gratitude commencing on the rock of Plymouth,'^ 
 shall be transmitted through^^ millions^^ of the 
 sons of the pilgrims, till it lose itself in the mur- 
 murs of the Pacific!^ seas. 
 
 We-would leave, for the consideration of those 
 who shall then occupy our places, some proof that 
 we hold the blessings ^ra?ismitted from our fathers 
 in just estimation ; some proof of our attachment to 
 the cause of good government, and of civil and relig- 
 ious liberty ; some proof of a sincere and ardent de- 
 sire to joromote every thing which may enlarge the 
 understandings, and improve the hearts of men. 
 And when from the long distance of a hundred 
 years, they shall look back upon us, they shall 
 know, at least, that we possessed affec-tions, which, 
 running backward, and warming with gratitude 
 for what our ancestors have done for our happiness, 
 run foriaard also to our posterity, and meet them 
 with cordial salutation, ere yet they have arrived 
 on the shore of Bei7ig. 
 
130 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 
 
 Advance, then, ye future generations / We- 
 would hail you, as you rise in your long succes- 
 sion, to fill the places which we now fill, and to 
 taste the blessings of existence where we are pass- 
 itig, and soon shall have passed, our human dura- 
 tion. We bid you welcome to this pleasa/i^ land 
 of the Fathers.*"* We bid you welcome to the 
 healthful skies and the verdant fields of New Eng- 
 land.^^ We greet your accession to the great in- 
 heritance which we-have enjoyed. We welcome 
 you to the blessing* of good government, and 
 religioMS liberty. We welcome you to the treasures 
 of science and the delights of learninj^-. We wel- 
 come you to the transcendent sweets of domestic 
 life, to the happi7tess of kindred, and parents, and 
 children. We welcome you to the immeasura6/e^* 
 blessings of ration [aP^'] exist-ence, the immortal-"* 
 hope of Christianity .**< and the light of everlasting 
 Truth. 
 
 \ 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Preface, 3 
 
 Testimonials, &c )3 
 
 Opinions of Eminent Men on the utility of Short Hand, 24 
 
 Remarks on Application by the Rev. Samuel Davenport 35 
 
 Introduction to the Science, Materials for Writing, Choice of Pencils. . 27 
 
 Choice of Pens, Choice of Paper, 3S 
 
 Directions for holding Pen or Pencil, learning the Consonants, &c., 29 
 
 ExBRCisE I. The Consonants Alphabetically arranged, 33 
 
 Exercise II. The Consonants classified, 34 
 
 ExBEcisE III. Examples for the Learner's practice, 36 
 
 Exercise IV. Examples for the Learner's practice, 3t 
 
 Directions for Joining the Consonants, &c 39 
 
 Of Spelling, &c., 40 
 
 Exposition of the Consonants, 43 
 
 Exposition of the Double Consonants, , 52 
 
 Exercise V. Examples for the Learner's practice, 54 
 
 Exposition of the Vowels and Diphthongs, 57 
 
 Exercise VI. Examples for the Learner's practice 62 
 
 Exercise VII. Examples for the Learner's practice, 67 
 
 On Application of the Alphabeticeil Characters when written singly, . 70 
 
 Of Proper Names, &c., 71 
 
 Exercise VIII. List of words expressed by the Consonants, ... 72 
 
 Exercise IX. List of words expressed by the Vowels and Diphthongs, 73 
 
 Exercise X. Marks of Abbreviation, Pimctuation, &c., 74 
 
 Specimen of Short Hand, No. 1., 75 
 
 Exercise XI. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice, .... 76 
 
 Exercise XII. Words expressed by the Consonants and cross line, 80 
 
 Exercise XIII. Words expressed by the Vowel and cross line, . . 81 
 
 Exercise XIV. Words expressed by Natural Contractions. ... fi3 
 
132 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Of repetition of Words and Sentences 64 
 
 Of Antitheses, &c OS 
 
 Exercise XV. Examples for the Learner's practice 86 
 
 Exercise XVI. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. ... 87 
 Of Prepositions and Terminations ; Prep, expressed by Arbitrary Signs. 9& 
 Of Prepositions and Terminations expressed by Alphabetical Characters. 92 
 Exercise XVII. List of Prepositions represented by Alpha. Characters. 94 
 Exercise XVIII. List of Terminations represented by Alpha. Charac. 93 
 
 Exercise XIX. Examples for the Learner's practice 90 
 
 Exercise XX. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. ... 98 
 
 Exercise XXI. "Here then we part for ever." 99 
 
 Exercise XXII. Examples for the Learner's practice. . . . , . 100 
 
 Exercise XXIII. Examples for the Learner's practice 101 
 
 Exercise XXIV. Examples for the Learner's practice 103 
 
 Exercise XXV. "The Beacon-Light." 106 
 
 Exercise XXVI. "A Son's farewell to his Mother &c." 107 
 
 Exercise XXVII. Prayer. 108 
 
 Of Abbreviation of Words, Combination of Words, &c 109 
 
 ExEBoisK XXVIIt. Examples for the Learner's practice 110 
 
 Exercise xxix. Examples for the Learner's practice Ill 
 
 Miscellaneous Rules and Directions 119 
 
 Exercise XXX. "A Hymn of the Vintagers." . 115 
 
 Exercise XXXI. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. . . . 116 
 Exercise XXXII. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice, . . 117 
 ExERCise XXXIII. "The Home of Happier Days," "Religion," . . 118 
 Exercise XXXIV. " The Memory of joys that are past." .... 119 
 ^ Exercise XXXV. Conclusion of a Speech by Lord Brougham. . . . 120 
 
 ExEECisK XXXVI. " A Father's Sorrow." 121 
 
 Exercise XXXVII, " The Days that are past." 128 
 
 Exercise XXXVIII. "Memory,', "Meditation." <tc 124 
 
 Exercise XXXIX. " The World to come." 125 
 
 Exercise XL. " The Fanners of New England." 126 
 
 ExBBCiSE XLI. Conclusion of a Discourse by Daniel Webster. . . .128 
 
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