:. ^OvQKJlA* 5) ^5^ H^WxJ^cJi) ^.^^JUUJUSUO^ Hotspur (reading) : *' But for mine own part, my lord, I could be wen con- tented to be there, in respect of the love I bear your house " King Henry IV Part I Act U Scene 3 i mi r:i:M ^ooklovers Ecfi iion V 2^illian\S}\cil^QspGarQ •.y^otes, Glossary, C7ri^ical C7on\nr\er\jts, ai\cf «/2^etKpcf of Stucfy Thye Urvjver'si^y Society New York. W-^ Copyright, 1 90 1 By THE UNIVERSITY SOCIETY COLLEGI LIBRARV HENRY IV.- Parts I. and II. p\ 2 0/ Preface. ,a The Early Editions. (I.) The First Part of King Henry the Fourth, entered on the Stationers' Registers, under date of February 25, 1597-8, appeared for the first time in a Quarto edition, with the following title-page : — " The History of Henrie the Fourth ; with the battell at Shrewsburie, betweene the King and Lord Henry Percy, surnamed Henrie Hotspur of the North. With the humorous conceits of Sir lohn Falstaffe. At London. Printed by P. S. for Andrew Wise, dwelling in Paules Churchyard, at the signe of the Angell. 1598." {Cp. Grigg's Facsimile edition.) No less than five subsequent Quarto editions appeared before the publication of the play in the first Folio ; they were issued in 1599, 1604, 1608, 161 3, 1622. Other Quartos belong to the years 1632 and 1639. Each edition seems to have been derived from its predecessor. The title of the play in the Folio is, " The First Part of Henry the Fourth, with the Life and Death of Henry Surnamed Hotspurre." The Cambridge editors refer the Folio text to a partially corrected copy of the fifth Quarto. The earlier Quartos were, however, probably consulted by the corrector. (H.) The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth was first published in Quarto in 1600, with the following title- page : — " The Second part of Henrie the fourth, continu- ing to his death, and coronation of Henry the fifth. With the humours of Sir John Falstaffe, and swaggering Pis- toll. As it hath been sundry times publikely acted by the Preface PARTS I. AND II. OF right honourable the Lord Chamberlaine his seruants. Written by WilHam Shakespeare. London. Printed by V. S. for Andrew Wise and William Aspley. 1600." {Cp. Grigg's Facsimile edition.) The play was entered by the publishers upon the Stationers' Registers on Au- gust 23rd of the same year. By some accident the first scene of Act IIL had been omitted in some copies of the Quarto. The error was rectified by inserting two new leaves, the type of some of the preceding and following leaves being used; hence there are two different impressions of the latter part of Act IL and the beginning of Act. IIL ii. The text of this Part in the first Folio was probably ultimately derived from a transcript of the original MS. It contains passages which had evidently been originally omitted in order to shorten the play for the stage. '' Some of these are among the finest in the play, and are too closely connected with the context to allow of the supposi- tion that they were later additions, inserted by the author after the publication of the Quarto" (Cambridge editors). Similarly, the Quarto contains passages not found in the Folio, and for the most part " the Quarto is to be regarded as having the higher critical value." Date of Composition. There is almost unanimity among scholars in assigning i Henry IV. to the year 1 596- 1 597. (i.) According to Chalmers, the opening lines of the play '\ plainly allude " to the expedition against Spain in 1596. Similarly the expression ' the poor fellow never joyed since the price of oats rose' (II. i.) may be connected with the Proclamation for the Dearth of Corn, etc., issued in the same year. The introduction of the word ' valiant,' detrimental to the metre of the line, in Act V. iv. 41, " The spirits Of {valiant) Shirley, Stafford, Blunt, are in my arms," may perhaps also point to 1596-7 as the original date of 2 KING HENRY IV. Preface composition : the Shirleys were knighted by the Queen in 1597. . (ii.) The earhest reference to the play occurs in Meres' PaUadis Tamia, 1598; while Ben Jonson ends his Every Man Out of His Humour with the words, " You may in time make lean Macilente as fat as Sir John Falstaff." In the Pilgrimage to Parnassus, acted at St. John's Col- lege, Cambridge, Christmas, 1598, there are what seem to be obvious reminiscences of the tapster's 'Anon, Anon, Sir/ * The point is of special interest in view of Mr. H. P. Stokes' suggestion that i Henry IV. was itself origi- nally a Christmas play of the previous year, 1597. (iii.) General considerations of style corroborate these pieces of external evidence; its subtle characterization, " its reckless ease and full creative power," its commin- gling of the serious and the comic, its free use of verse and prose, make the play '' a splendid and varied historic tragi-comedy " rather than a mere " history," — " historic in its personages and its spirit, yet blending the high heroic poetry of chivalry with the most original inventions of broad humour" (Verplanck). Henry IV. bears, in fact, the same relationship to Richard III., King John, and Richard II. that The Merchant of Venice does to such early comedies as Love's Labour's Lost, The Two Gentle- men, Comedy of Errors, etc. The simple plots of the earlier histories gave place to the more co'mplex Henry IV., much in the same way as the simple love-comedies were succeeded by the polymythic method of The Mer- chant of Venice. As far as the introduction of prose is concerned, the case of the present play is specially re- markable;! the earlier historical pieces, following the example of Marlowe's Edzvard II., contained practically no prose at all. Similarly, in his avoidance of rhyme as a * Cp. " I shall no soooner open this pint pot but the word like a knave-lapster will cry ' Anon, Anon, Sir,' " etc. t 1464 lines of prose occur in i Henry IV., and i860 lines in 2 Henry IV., out of a total 3170 and 3437 lines respectively. Preface PARTS I. AND II. OF trick of dramatic rhetoric, Shakespeare shows, in Henry IV., that he has learnt to differentiate between his lyrical and dramatic gifts. His earlier work in the department of history was indeed largely experimental, and bore many marks of Shakespeare's apprentice hand; none of these previous efforts produced a typically Shakespearian drama ; in Henry IV. Shakespeare, as it were, discovered himself. The Second Part of Henry IV., " at once the supple- ment and epilogue of the first part, and the preparation for the ensuing dramatic history of Henry V.," may with certainty be dated 1598-9. Ben Jonson's Every Man Out of His Humour, acted in 1599, contains an early allusion to Justice Silence.* It was probably not wTitten, as has been maintained on insufficient ground, before the Sta- tioners' entry of i Henry IV. in 1598, the title-page of the first Quarto of Part I., as well as the entry, imply that ni second part was then in existence. ' Christmas, 1598,' may perhaps be the actual date of its first production. The Sources of the Plot. The materials of both parts of Henry IV. were derived from (I.) Hall's and Holinshed's Chronicles, and (H.) from the old play of TJie Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth, which was acted before 1588, and of which editions appeared in 1594 and 1597 (Hazlitt, Shakespeare Library, Pt. 11. i. 323). (I.) On the whole, Shakespeare has followed history closely in this play ; among the most striking deviations is, perhaps, Shakespeare's intentional change in making Hotspur and the Prince of the same age, in order to heighten the contrast between them. The characters of Glendower, Northumberland, Mowbray, the Archbishop, and Prince John, as well as tli^t of Hotspur, have all un- dergone slight changes at Shakespeare's hands. Note- worthy errors (due to the original Chronicles) are: — (i.) calling the Earl of Fife son to the beaten Douglas — * Savi. What's he, gentle Mons. Brisk? Not that gentleman? Fast. No, lady; this is a kinsman to Justice Silence. KING HENRY IV. Preface an error due to the omission of a comma in Holinshed ; (ii.) confounding the Edward Mortimer, prisoner, and afterwards son-in-law of Glendower, and second son of the first Earl of March, with his nephew the Earl of March, entitled to the throne by legitimate succession, at this time a child in close keeping at Windsor Castle. Hence, in one place, Lady Percy is correctly styled Mor- timer's sister, in another she is referred to as his aunt (Lloyd, Critical Essays, p. 228; Courtenay's Commen- taries on the Historical Plays, L pp. 75-159). (IL) The old Chronicle of The Famous Victories cer- tainly provided Shakespeare with substantial hints for the comic element of his play, — " Ned, Gadshill, the old tavern in Eastcheap, the hostess, the recognition of Sir John Old- castle, or at least his horse, down even to the ' race of ginger,' that was to be delivered as far as Charing Cross, meet our eyes as we turn over the pages," but, in the words of the same critic, " never before did genius ever transmute so base a caput mortuum into ore so precious." Falstaff. Sir John Oldcastle, one of the Prince's wild companions in the old play, appears to have been the original of the character subsequently called Sir John Fal- staff. A trace of the old name is still to be found in i Henry /F., where the Prince addresses the knight as ' my old lad of the castle ' (L ii. 45) : in 2 Henry IV. (Quarto i), the prefix Old. is found before one of Falstaff's speeches. The fact that " Falstaff " w^as substituted for '' Oldcastle " throughout the plays perhaps explains the metrical imperfections of such a line as ' Azvay, good Ned, Falstaff szi'cats to death' (IL ii. 112). In the final Epi- logue the change is still further emphasised (z'ide Note on the passage, 2 Henry /F.). The tradition, however, remained, and in the Prologue to the play of Sir John Oldcastle (printed in 1600, with Shakespeare's name on the title-page of some copies) direct reference is made to the degradation the Lollard martyr had suffered at the hands of the dramatist : — Preface PARTS I. AND II. OF "It is no pampered glutton ive present, Nor aged counsellor to youthful sin, But one ivhose virtue shone above the rest. . . . . Let fair truth he graced. Since forged invention former times defaced." As late as 1618, Nathaniel Field, in his Amends for Ladies, referred to " the fat Knight, hight Oldcastle," and not to Falstaff, as he who " truly told what honour was." This single passage, in Mr. Halliwell's opinion, would alone render it highly probable that some of the theatres in acting Henry IV. retained the name after the author had altered it to that of Falstaff. (Hence it is inferring too much to argue from the prefix ' Old.' in a single passage, 2 Henry IV., I. ii. 137, that the Second Part of the play was written previously to the date of entry of the First Part, in February, 1598.) There is in this case abundance of evidence to confirm the ancient tradition handed down to us by Rowe, that *' this part of Falstaff is said to have been written orig- inally tmder the name of Oldcastle ; some of that family being then remaining, the Queen was pleased to com- mand him to alter it." ]\Iany Protestant writers protested against the degradation of the famous Lollard. " It is easily known," wrote Fuller in his Worthies of England (ed. 1811, ii. p. 131-2), ''out of what purse this black penny came ; the Papists railing on him for a heretic, and therefore he must also be a coward, though indeed he was a man of arms, every inch of him, and as valiant as any in his age." "^ '' Now," continued old Fuller, " as I am glad that Sir John Oldcastle is put out, so I am sorry that Sir John Fas- tolfe is put in. . . . Nor is our comedian excusable by some alteration of his name ; . . . few do heed * Cp. Tennyson's Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, with its noble vindication of the martyr's character: — " Faint-hearted f tut! fainf-siomached ! faint as I am, Qod-ixnlUng, I zvill burn for Him." KING HENRY IV. Preface the inconsiderable difference in spelling of their name." Falstaff seems indeed to owe something more than his mere name to the famous Sir John Fastolf (c. 1 378-1459), the degradation of whose character comes out so strongly in I Henry VI. (III. ii. 104-9; iv. 19-47), "where Fas- tolf (spelt Falstaff) is portrayed as a contemptible craven in the presence of Joan of Arc's forces ; and as publicly stripped of his garter by Talbot." Perhaps Fastolf's reputed sympathy with Lollardism may, as Mr. Gairdner suggests, have encouraged Shake- speare to bestow his name on a character bearing the appellation of an acknowledged Lollard like Oldcastle. Both characters suffered at the hands of their enemies ; but the historical Sir John Fastolf, even as the historical Sir John Oldcastle, found many enthusiasts ready to de- fend his memory. '' To avouch him by many arguments valiant is to main- tain that the sun is bright," wrote Fuller in the note- worthy passage already quoted, though the stage hath been overbold with his memory, making him a threason- ical puff, and emblem of mock valour." * {The Charac- ter of Sir John Falstaff, by J. O. Halliwell, 1841 ; Gaird- ner and Spedding's Studies, pp. 54-77, '' On the Historical Elements in Shakespeare's Falstaff " \ vide ''Sir John Fastolf" in Dictionary of National Biography, by Sidney Lee, etc.) ; cp. Preface to The Merry Wives of Windsor. Duration of Action. (L) The time of i Henry IV., as analysed by ]\Ir. P. A. Daniel, covers ten ' historical ' days, with three extra Falstaffian days, and intervals. Total dramatic time, three months at the outside ( Trans, of Nezv Shaks. Soc, 477-79) * — * " The magnificent knight, Sir John Fastolf. bequeathed estates to Magdalen College, Oxford, part of which were appropriated to buy hveries for some of the senior scholars ; but the benefac- tions in time yielding no more than a penny a week to the scholars who received the liveries, they were called, by way of contempt, Falstaff' s buckram-men" (Warton), Preface PARTS I. AND II. OF Day I. Act I. i. London. News of the battle ci Holmedon, etc. Interval: a week ( ?). Hot- spur comes to Court. [Day I a. Act 1. ii. London. Falstaff, Prince Hal, etc. The robbery at Gadshill planned.] Day 2. Act. L iii. Rebellion of the Percys planned. Interval: some three or four weeks. Day 3. Act H. iii. Hotspur resolves to join the con- federates at Bangor. Interval: a week. Hotspur and Worcester reach Bangor. [Days 2a, 30. Act H. i. ii. iv. ; (Act HL ii.) ] Day 4. Act HI. i. Bangor. Interval: about a fort- night. Day 5. Act HL ii. Prince Hal and his father. In- terval: about a week. Day 6. Act HL iii. Prince Hal informs Falstaff of his appointment to a charge of foot for the wars. Interval: a week. Day 7. Act IV. i. Rebel camp near Shrewsbury. Interval. Day 8. Act IV. ii. Near Coventry. Day 9. Act IV. iii. The rebel camp. Act IV. iv. York. Day 10. Act V. i. to v. The battle of Shrewsbury. The historic period represented ranges from the defeat of Mortimer by Glendower, 12th June, 1402, to the Battle of Shrewsbury, 21st July, 1403. (II.) The time of 2 Henry IV. occupies nine days as represented on the stage, with three extra Falstaffian days, comprising altogether a period of about two months : — Day I. Act I. i. Interval. Day 2. Act I. iii. ; Act II. iii. Interval (within which fall Day la : Act I. ii. and Day 2a : Act II. i. ii. iv.). Day 3 (the morrow of Day 2a) : Act III. i. Interval. Day 4. Act III. ii. Interval. Day 5. Act IV. i.-iii. Interval, 8 KING HENRY IV. Preface Day 6. Act IV. Iv. v. Day y. Act V. ii. Interval (including Day 3a: Act V. i. iii.). Day 8. Act V. iv. Day 9. Act V. v. The historic period covers from 21st July, 1403, to 9th April, 1413. The Battle of Shrewsbury. From a drawing bv John Rous (c. 1485) in the L.tfe of Rzchard Beau champ Earl of Warwick i,MS. Cott Jul. E. iv.). THE FIRST PART OF Critical Comments. I. Argument. I, After Bolingbroke has deposed Richard 11. of England and ascended the throne as Henry IV., he seeks a time of peace to go on his long-contemplated crusade; but is dissuaded from his purpose by the news of uprisings and battles in Wales and Scotland. The Scots under the command of Douglas make an incur- sion and at Holmedon suffer defeat by the English forces of Northumberland's son, Henry Percy, the fa- mous Hotspur of history. The King no sooner hears of the victor}^ than he demands the prisoners. These Hotspur is unwilling to give up unless the King will ransom Percy's kinsman, Alortimer. They quarrel ; and Hotspur sends his prisoners home without ransom and plots with both the Scots and the Welsh to overthrow the sovereign he had so recently helped to seat. II, The madcap pranks and dissolute companions of the Prince of Wales are a source of anxiety to his father. The Prince's boon companion is a corpulent warrior, Sir John Falstaff, who wars mainly with his tongue and the wine-bottle. Falstaff and three companions rob some travellers on the highway, and are set upon in turn by the Prince and one comrade in disguise, w^ho put them to flight; and when later Falstaff would boast of his imagi- nary encounter with innumerable foes the Prince has a hearty laugh at his expense. His merriment is inter- rupted by news from the court of Hotspur's rising in the north. 10 KING HENRY IV. Conynents III. ThotPrince immediately awakes to a sense of his responsibilities, assures his royal father of his intention to be more worthy of the title of Prince, and is entrusted with a wing of the army that is proceeding against Hot- spur. IV. Hotspur is disadvantaged by the non-arrival of bodies of troops counted on by him from his father and from Wales. Nevertheless he encamps at Shrewsbury, and resolves on instant battle when the royal troops ap- proach. V. The King leads his army in person, and before Shrewsbury holds parley with the rebels, to whom he promises pardon if they will lay down their arms. But Hotspur is misinformed of the terms of parley and gives battle. In the spirited and decisive contest the rebels are defeated. Hotspur is slain by the Prince — though credit for the death is claimed by the rascally Falstaff — and King Henry begins to realize the true worth of his valiant son. McSpadden : Shakespearian Synopses. II. Henry, Prince of Wales. With respect to Henry's youthful foUies, Shakspere deviated from all authorities known to have been acces- sible to him. "An extraordinary conversion was gener- ally thought to have fallen upon the Prince on coming to the crown — insomuch that the old chroniclers could only account for the change by some miracle of grace or touch of supernatural benediction." Shakspere, it would seem, engaged now upon histprical matter, and not the fantastic substance of a comedy, found something in- credible in the sudden transformation of a reckless liber- tine (the Henry described by Caxton, by Fabyan, and others) into a character of majestic force and large prac- tical wisdom. Rather than reproduce this incredible n Comrpents THE FIRST PART OF popular tradition concerning Henry, Shakspere pre- ferred to attempt the difficult task of exhibiting the Prince as a sharer in the wild frolic of 3^outh, while at the same time he was holding himself prepared for the splendid entrance upon his manhood, and stood really aloof in his inmost being from the unworthy life of his associates. The change wdiich effected itself in the Prince, as rep- resented by Shakspere, was no miraculous conversion, but merely the transition from boyhood to adult years, and from unchartered freedom to the solemn responsi- bilities of a great ruler. We must not suppose that Henry formed a deliberate plan for concealing the strength and splendour of his character, in order, after- wards, to flash forth upon men's sight and overwhelm and dazzle them. When he soliloquizes (I. ii. 205 ct seq.), having bidden farewell to Poins and Falstaif, " I know you all, and will awhile uphold The unyoked humour of your idleness: Yet herein will I imitate the sun, Who doth permit the base contagious clouds To smother up his beauty from the world, That, when he please again to be himself, Being wanted, he may be more wonder'd at. By breaking through the foul and ugly mists Of vapours that did seem to strangle him " — when Henry soliloquizes thus, we are not to suppose that he was quite as wise and diplomatical as he pleased to represent himself, for the time being, to his own heart and conscience. The Prince entered heartily and without reserve into the fun and froHc of his Eastcheap life ; the vigour and the folly of it were delightful; to be clapped on the back, and shouted for as '' Hal," was far better than the doffing of caps and crooking of knees, and delicate, unreal phraseology of the court. But Henry, at the same time, kept himself from subjugation to what was really base. He could truthfully stand be- fore his father (HI. ii.) and maintain that his nature was 12 # KING HENRY IV. Comments substantially sound and untainted, capable of redeeming itself from all past, superficial dishonour. Has Shakspere erred? Or is it not possible to take energetic part in a provisional life, which is known to be provisional, while at the same time a man holds his truest self in reserve for the life that is best and highest and most real? May not the very consciousness, indeed, that such a life is provisional, enable one to give one's self away to it, satisfying its demands with scrupulous care, or with full and free enjoyment, as a man could not if it were a life which had any chance of engaging his whole personality, and that finally? Is it possible to adjust two states of being, one temporary and pro- visional, the other absolute and final, and to pass freely out of one into the other? Precisely because the one is perfect and indestructible, it does not fear the counter- life. May there not have been passages in Shakspere's own experience which authorized him in his attempt to exhibit the successful adjustment of two apparently in- coherent lives? . . . From the coldness, the cau- tion, the convention, of his father's court (an atmos- phere which suited well the temperament of John of Lancaster), Henry escapes to the teeming vitality of the London streets, and the tavern where FalstafY is mon- arch. There, among hostlers, and carriers, and drawers, and merchants, and pilgrims, and loud robustious wom.en, he at least has freedom and froHc. " If it be a sin to covet honour," Henry declares, " I am the most offending soul alive." But the honour that Henry covets is not that which Hotspur is ambitious after : — " By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap, To pluck bright honour from the pale-faced moon." The honour that Henry covets is the achievement of great deeds, not the words of men which vibrate around such deeds. Falstaff, the despiser of honour, labours across the field, bearing the body of the fallen Hotspur, the impassioned pursuer of glory, and, in his fashion of 13 Comments THE FIRST PART OF splendid imposture or stupendous joke, the fat knight claims credit lOr the achievement of the day's victory. Henry is not concerned, on this occasion, to put the old sinner to shame. To have added to the deec? of the world a glorious deed is itself the only honour that Henry seeks. DowDEN : Shakspere. III. Hotspur. It is exceedingly difficult to speak of Hotspur satis- factorily; not indeed because the lines of his character are not bold and prominent enough, but rather because they are so much so. For his frame is greatly dispro- portioned, which caiises him to be all the more distin- guishable, and perhaps to seem larger than he really is; and one of his leading excesses manifests itself in a wiry, close-twisted, red-hot speech, wdiich burns into the mind such an impression of him as must needs make any com- mentary seem prosaic and dull. There is no mistaking him: no character in Shakespeare stands more apart in plenitude of peculiarity; and stupidity itself can hardly so disguise or disfeature him with criticism, but that he will still be recognized by any one that has ever seen him. He is as much a monarch in his sphere as the King and Falstafif are in theirs ; only they rule more by power, he by emphasis and stress: there is something in them that takes away the will and spirit of resistance ; he makes everything bend to his arrogant, domineering, capricious temper. Who that has been with him in the scenes at the palace and at Bangor, can ever forget his bounding, sarcastic, overbearing spirit? How he hits all about him, and makes the feathers fly wherever he hits! It seems as if his tongue could go through the world, and strew the road behind it with splinters. And how steeped his speech everywhere is in the poetry of 14 KING HENRY IV. Comments the sword! In what compact and sinewy platoons and squadrons the words march out of his mouth in bristhng rank and file! as if from his birth he had been cradled on the iron breast of war. How doubly charged he is, in short, with the electricity of chivalry! insomuch that you can touch him nowhere but that he will give you a shock. Another consequence, apparently, of Hotspur's hav- ing so much of passion in his head, is the singular ab- sence of mind so well described by Prince Henry, and so finely exemplified in the scene with his wife ; where, after she has closed her noble strain of womanly eloquence, he calls in a servant, makes several inquiries about his horse and orders him to be brought into the park, hears her reproof, exchanges some questions with her, and fights a battle in imagination, before he answers her ten- der remonstrance. Here it is plain that his absence is not from any lack of strength, but from a certain rapid- ity and skittishness of mind : he has not the control of his thinking; the issues of his brain being so conceived in fire as to preclude steadiness of attention and the pauses of thought: that which strikes his mind last must pop out first ; and, in a word, he is rather possessed by his thoughts, than possessing them. The qualities we have remarked must needs in a great measure unfit Hotspur for a military leader in regular warfare ; the whole working of his nature being too im- pulsive and heady for the counterpoise of so weighty an undertaking. Too impetuous and eager for the contest to concert operations, too impatient for the end to await the adjustment of means; abundantly able to fight bat- tles, but not to scheme them; he is qualified to succeed only in the hurlyburly of border warfare, where success comes more by fury of onset than by wisdom of plan. All which is finely shown just before the battle of Shrewsbury, where if he be not perversely wrong- headed, he is so headstrong, peremptory, and confident even to rashness, as to render him quite impracticable: IS Comments THE FIRST PART OF we see, and his fellow-chieftains see, that there is no coming to a temper with him; that he will be sure to fall out and quarrel with whoever stands out from or against his purposes. Yet he nowhere appears more truly the noble Hotspur than on this occasion, when amidst the falling off of friends, the backwardness of allies, and the thickening of dangers, his ardent and brave spirit turns his very disadvantages into sources of confidence. Hudson : The Works of Shakespeare. IV. Sir John Falstaff. He [Falstaff] is a man at once young and old, enter- prising and fat. a dupe and a wit, harmless and wicked, weak in principle and resolute by constitution, cowardly in appearance and brave in reality, a knave without malice, a liar without deceit, and a knight, a gentleman, and a soldier without either dignity, decency, or honour. This is a character which, though it may be decom- pounded, could not, I believe, have been formed, nor the ingredients of it duly mingled, upon any receipt what- ever. It required the hand of Shakspeare himself to give to every particular part a relish of the whole, and of the whole to every particular part. • Morgan N : The Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff. Falstaff is perhaps the most substantial comic char- acter that ever was invented. Sir John carries a most portly presence in the mind's eye; and in him, not to speak it profanely, *' we behold the fulness of the spirit of wit and humour bodily." We are as well acquainted with his person as his mind, and his jokes come upon us with double force and relish from the quantity of flesh through which they make their way, as he shakes his fat sides with laughter or *' lards the lean earth as he i6 KING HENRY IV. Comments walks along." Other comic characters seem, if wc ap- proach and handle them, to resolve themselves into air, " into thin air " ; but this is embodied and palpable to the grossest apprehension: it lies "three fingers deep upon the ribs," it plays about the lungs and diaphragm with all the force of animal enjoyment. His body is like a good estate to his mind, from which he receives rents and revenues of profit and pleasure in kind, according to its extent and the richness of the soil. . . . He is represented as a liar, a braggart, a coward, a glutton, etc., and yet we are not offended, but delighted with him ; for he is all these as much to amuse others as to gratify himself. He openly assumes all these characters to show the humorous part of them. The unrestrained indulgence of his own ease, appetites, and convenience has neither malice nor hypocrisy in it. In a word, he is an actor in himself almost as much as upon the stage, and we no more object to the character of Falstaff in a moral point of view than we should think of bringing an excellent comedian, who should represent him to the life, before one of the police offices. We only consider the number of pleasant fights in which he puts certain foibles (the more pleasant as they are opposed to the received rules and necessary restraints of society), and do not trouble ourselves about the consequences result- ing from, them, for no mischievous consequences do result. Sir John is old as well as fat, which gives a melancholy retrospective tinge to his character ; and by the disparity between his inclinations and his capacity for enjoymient, makes it still more ludicrous and fantastical. Hazlitt : Characters of Shakespea/s Plays. Nothing can be less like the mere mouthpiece of an idea or the representative of a tendency than Falstaff, whose incomparably vivid personality is rather, notwith- standing his childlike innocence of mental or moral con- flict, a very meeting-point of conflicting traits. But we 17 Comments THE FIRST PART OF can hardly be wrong in regarding as the decisive trait which justifies the extraordinary role he plays in this drama, his wonderful gift of non-moral humour. It is his chief occupation to cover with immortal ridicule the ideals of heroic manhood — the inward honour which the Prince maintains, a little damaged, in his company, as well as the outward honour which Hotspur would fain pluck from the pale-faced moon. His reputation is a bubble which he delights to blow for the pleasure of seeing it burst. He comes of a good stock, has been page to the Duke of Norfolk, and exchanged jests with John of Gaunt. But like the Prince, and like Hotspur, he is a rebel to the traditions of his order; and he is the greatest rebel of the three. Shakespeare's contempo- raries, however, and the whole seventeenth century, con- ceived his revolt as yet more radical than it was, taking him, as the Prince does, for a genuine coward endowed with an inimitable faculty of putting a good face on damaging facts. Since the famous essay of Maurice Morgann criticism has inclined even excessively to the opposite extreme, conceiving him as from first to last a genial artist in humour, who plays the coward for the sake of the monstrous caricature of valour that he will make in rebutting the charge. The admirable battle- scene at Shrewsbury is thus the very kernel of the play. It is altogether a marvellous example of epic material penetrated through and through with dramatic inven- tion; and Shakespeare's boldest innovations in the po- litical story are here concentrated. Here the Prince re- veals his noble quality as at once a great warrior, a loyal son, and a generous foe — in the duel with liotspur, the rescue of his father, and the ransomless release of Doug- las ; — all incidents unknown to the Chronicles. Here Hotspur falls a victim to his infatuated disdain of the rival whose valour had grown " like the summer grass, fastest by night." And here Falstafif, the mocker at honour, Hes motionless side by side with its extravagant devotee — not like him dead, but presently to conjure up i8 KING HENRY IV. Comments the wonderful phantom of the fight for a good hour by Shrewsbury clock. Herford : The Ever si ey Sha'kespeare. Shakespeare created a kind of English Bacchus at a time when every kind of fruit or grain that could be made into a beverage was drunk in vast quantities; and sack, which was FalstafY's native element, was both strong and sweet. Falstafif is saved by his humour and his genius; he lies, steals, boasts, and takes to his legs in time of peril, with such superb consistency and m such unfailing good spirits that we are captivated by his vitality. It would be as absurd to apply ethical standards to him as to Silenus or Bacchus; he is a creature of the elemental forces; a personification of the vitality which is in bread and wine; a satyr become human, but mov- ing buoyantly and joyfully in an unmoral world. And yet the touch of the ethical law is on him; he is not a corrupter by intention, and he is without malice ; but as old age brings its searching revelation of essential char- acteristics, his humour broadens into coarseness, his buoyant animalism degenerates into lust; and he is saved from contempt at the end by one of those ex- quisite touches with which the great-hearted Poet loves to soften and humanize degeneration. Mabie : William Shakespeare : Poet, Dramatist, and Man. Falstaff s Wit. He is one of the brightest and wittiest spirits England has ever produced. He is one of the most glorious crea- tions that ever sprang from a poet's brain. There is much rascality and much genius in him, but there is no trace of mediocrity. He is always superior to his sur- roundings, always resourceful, always witty, always at 19 Comments THE FIRST PART OF his ease, often put to shame, but, thanks to his inventive effrontery, never put out of countenance. He has fallen below his social position; he lives in the worst (though also in the best) society; he has neither soul, nor honour, nor moral sense; but he sins, robs, lies, and boasts, with such splendid exuberance, and is so far above any serious attempt at hypocrisy, that he seems unfailingly amiable whatever he may choose to do. Therefore he charms every one, although he is a butt for the wit of all. He perpetually surprises us by the wealth of his nature. . . . Here, in the First Part, Falstaff is still a demi-god, supreme alike in intellect and in wit. With this figure the popular drama which Shakespeare represented won its first decisive battle over the Hterary drama which fol- lowed in the footsteps of Seneca. We can actually hear the laughter of the " yard " and the gallery surging around his speeches like waves around a boat at sea. It was the old sketch of Parolles in Love's Labour 's IVon, which had here taken on a new amplitude of flesh and blood. There was much to delight the groundlings — Falstaff is so fat and yet so mercurial, so old and yet so youthful in all his tastes and vices. But there was far more to delight the spectators of higher culture, in his marvellous quickness of fence, which can parry every thrust, and in the readiness which never leaves him tongue-tied, or allows him to confess himself beaten. Yes, there was something for every class of spectators in this mountain of flesh, exuding wit at every pore, in this hero without shame or conscience, in this robber, poltroon, and liar, whose mendacity is quite poetic, Miin- chausenesque, in this cynic with the brazen forehead and a tongue as supple as a Toledo blade. His talk is like Bellman's after him: — " A dance of all the gods upon Olympus, With fauns and graces and the muses twined," The men of the Renaissance revelled in his wit, much as 20 KING HENRY IV. Comments the men of the Middle Ages had enjoyed the popular leg-ends of Reinecke Fuchs and his rogueries. Falstaff reaches his highest point of wit and drollery in that typical soliloquy on honour, in which he indulges on the battle-field of Shrewsbury (V. i.), a soHloquy which almost categorically sums him up, in contradis- tinction to the other leading personages. For all the characters here stand in a certain relation to the idea of honour — the King, to whom honour means dignity; Hotspur, to whom it means the halo of renown; the Prince, who loves it as the opposite of outward show; and Falstaff, who, in his passionate appetite for the ma- terial good things of life, rises entirely superior to it and shows its nothingness. Brandes : William Shakespeare. vv Owen Glendower. Owen Glendower — the " damned Glendower " of the King — the " great Glendower " of Hotspur — " he of Wales," that '' swore the devil his true Hege-man," of the Prince, was among the most bold and enterprising of the warriors of his age. The immediate cause of his outbreak against the power of Henry IV. was a quarrel with Lord Grey of Ruthyn, on the occasion of which the parliament of Henry seems to have treated Owen with injustice; but there can be no doubt that the great ob- ject of his ambition was to restore the independence of Wales. In the guerilla warfare which he waged against Henry, he was eminently successful; and his boast in this drama is historically true, that — * " Three limes hath Henry Bolingbroke made head Against my power : thrice from the banks of Wye, And sandy-bottom'd Severn, have I sent him, Bootless home, and weather-beaten back." 21 Comments THE FIRST PART OF Shakspere has seized, with wonderful exactness, upon all the features of his history and character, and of the popular superstitions connected with him. They all be- longed to the region of poetry. Glendower says : — " at my birth. The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes." The old chroniclers say, " the same night he was born all his father's horses were found to stand in blood up to their bellies." His pretensions as a magician, which Shakspere has most beautifully connected with his en- thusiastic and poetical temperament, made him a greater object of fear than even his undoubted skill and valour. When the king pursued him into his mountains, Owen (as Holinshed relates) " conveyed himself out of the way into his known lurking-places, and, as was thought, through art magic he caused such foul weather of winds, tempest, rain, snow, and hail to be raised for the annoy- ance of the king's army that the like had not been heard of." His tedious stories to Hotspur — * " of the moldwarp and the ant, Of the dreamer Merlin and his prophecies; And of a dragon, and a finless fish, A clip-wing'd griffin, and a moulten raven, A couching lion, and a ramping cat" — were old Welsh prophecies which the people in general, and very likely Glendower himself, devoutly believed. According to Holinshed, it was upon the faith of one of these prophecies in particular that the tripartite inden- ture of Mortimer, Hotspur, and Glendower was exe- cuted. " This was done (as some have said) through a foolish credit given to a vain prophecy, as though King Henry was the moldwarp, cursed of God's own mouth, and they three were the dragon, the lion, and the. wolf, which should divide this realm between them." Glen- dower might probably have " Believ'd the magic wonders which he sang," 22, KING HENRY IV. Comments but he was no vulgar enthusiast. He was " trained up in the EngHsh court," as he describes himself, and he was probably " exceedingly well read," as Mortimer describes him, for he had been a barrister of the Middle Temple. When the ParHament, who rudely dismissed his petition against Lord Grey of Ruthyn, refused to listen to " bare- footed blackguards," it can scarcely be wondered that he should raise the standard of rebellion. The Welsh from all parts of England, even the students of Oxford, crowded home to fight under the banners of an inde- pendent Prince of Wales. Had Glendower joined the Percies before the battle of Shrewsbury, which he was most probably unable to do, he might for a time have ruled a kingdom, instead of perishing in wretchedness and obscurity, after years of unavailing contest. Knight: Pictorial Shaksperc, VII. Douglas. Douglas is a creation that adds wonderful force to the scene, and aids in giving dignity and relief both to the King and to Hotspur. There is somewhat barbarous and uncivilized m his traits that speaks of a nation re- moter from refinement than Northumberland. He as- serts and dwells upon his own boldness with as little delicacy as he imputes fear and cold heart to Worcester, and is more petulant and inconsiderate in urging on the battle prematurely than Hotspur himself. Brave and most efficient he is as a soldier even to excite the enthu- siastic admiration of his ally, but when he finds himself overmatched he runs away without hesitation, though it be to look for an opponent he can better cope with, and m the rout he is captured by most undignified catas- trophe: " upon the foot of fear, fled with the rest," the hero who professed that the word fear was unknown in Scotland : — 23 Comments THE FIRST PART OF "And falling from a hill he was so bruised — That the pursuers took him." This accident is historical, like his military renown, and in the seeming incongruity Shakespeare found' the key of the character. The Douglas of this play always re- minds me of the Ares of the Iliad — a coarse exponent of the mere animal propensity to pugnacity, delighting in the circumstances of homicide, but when pierced by the spear of Diomed, hastily flying from the conflict and bellowing aloud. Lloyd : Critical Essays on the Plays of Shakespeare. VIII. King Henry. Of all the strictly historical personages of this first part, Henry the Fourth himself alone seems drawn en- tirely and scrupulously from historical authority; and his is a portrait rivalling, in truth and discrimination, the happiest delineations of Plutarch or of Tacitus. He is contrasted alike to the frailties and to the virtues of his son; his talent, and the dignity with which it invests his cold and crafty poHcy, the absence of all nobler senti- ment from the sagacious worldly wisdom of his counsels and opinions, his gloom, melancholy, and anxiety — all combine to form a portrait of a great and unhappy statesman, as true and as characteristic, though not as dark, as Tacitus has left us of Tiberius. Verplanck: The Illustrated Shakespeare. IX. The Vassalry. Shakspeare, in his usual masterly style, describes the vassalry i'l its chief representatives: the noble, hot- blooded, ambitious, and foolhardy Percy, who is ever 24 KING HENRY IV. Comments balancing the world on the point of his sword, who has pleasure only in war and military glory, and would stake the welfare of his country for the sake of a single heroic deed; the brave, noble-hearted Douglas, who is as ready to acknowledge Percy's superior military power, as to bid defiance to all the rest of the world, who, out of pure chivalrous gratitude, joins his victorious enemy in a dangerous and unpromising enterprise, although he is not urged on by any personal interest; the cold, calcu- lating, intriguing, and ambitious Worcester, who is more a statesman than a knight, and again but half a states- man and half a knight; the irresolute Northumberland, who never knows whether he shall uphold his princely dignity, his great estates and the welfare of his house, or, like a knight errant, stake his all upon a single throw ; lastly, the double-tongued Archbishop of York, who is half an ecclesiastical prince, and half a vassal, who preaches peace sword in hand, and would like to wed the worldli- ness of his desires to the holiness of his office; — all these are true Shakspearian characters, full, complete men, and yet, at the same time, but children of their age. In them we have a distinct reflex of the essential elements of vas- salry. A state of semi-independence together with a state of semi-dependence; a defiance and arrogance, an ambition and love of dominion which, however, are ever at strife with a feeling of duty towards the kingdom and the King; the endeavour to make themselves strong by alliances, whereas, according to the nature of things, there is no truly uniting bond among them, and all are finally left to do as they please in spite of oaths and treaties; the contradiction in the knight whose sole ob-* ject is personal honour and military glory, and the same knight who ought likewise to be a commander and a chief, governing country and people, a statesman and a politician; — all these characteristic features are set forth in delicate but definite outlines. Ulrici : Shakspeare's Dramatic Art, 25 Comments THE FIRST PART OF X. Brilliancy and Power of Henry IV. With all sorts of readers and spectators this is the greatest favourite of the whole of Shakespeare's English histories, and, indeed, is perhaps the most popular of all dramatic compositions in the language. The popularity of this play has extended itself to the other histories with which it is connected, until it has made them all nearly as familiarly known as itself. It is probably owing quite as much to Falstaff and to Hotspur as to the several nerits of the other histories — great as they are, though in very different degrees — that this whole dramatic series of histories have been mixed up with ail our recol- lections and impressions of the Wars of York and Lan- caster, and finally become substituted in the popular mind for all other history of the period. Thus it is to this play that the great majority of those at all familiar with old English history in its substantial reality, not as a meagre chronological abridgment of names and events, but exhibiting the men and deeds of the times, are in- debted generally for their earliest and always their most vivid, impressive, and true conceptions of England'^: feudal ages. Of the ten plays of this historic series, the first part of Henry IV. is the most brilliant and various, and, therefore, the most attractive; while it is substan- tially as true as any of the rest in its historical instruc- tion — although it is neither a dramatized chronicle in the old fashion, nor yet a strictly historical drama in the sense in which Richard II. and Julius Cccsar are pre- eminently entitled to that appellation — as presenting only historical personages and great public events with the condensed effect and sustained feeling of dramatic unity and interest. Verplanck : The Illustrated Shakespeare. 26 KING HENRY IV. Comments In Henry IV., we return to our own England — This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England, This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings, Fear'd by their breed and famous for their birth. ^Richard II., II. i.) We come from the grace and beauty and wit of Portia, the curses and baffled vengeance of Shylock, the tender friendship of Antonio and Bassanio, and the rivalry of the courters of the sweet Bianca, the taming of Kather- ine the curst, to the headstrong valour of Hotspur, the wonderful wit of Falstaff, the vanquished rebels who wound England with their horses' hoofs, the noble rival- ry of Henry Percy and Henry Prince of Wales — Hotspur. O, would the quarrel lay upon our heads ; And that no man might draw short breath to-day, But I and Harry Monmouth — and the sight of how " ever did rebellion find rebuke." Love gives place to war; kingdoms are striven for, not fair girls' hands; rebels, not shrews, are tamed. Let us look for a moment at the change from Shakspere's early historical plays. It is one from spring to summer. Like Chaucer, he has been, as it were, to Dante's land, to Petrarch's, Boccaccio's home ; and when he touches his native soil again, he springs from youth to manhood, from his First Period to his Second, from the cramp of rhyme, the faint characterization of Richard 11. , to the freedom, the reckless ease, the full creative power of Henry IV. Granting that the rhetoric of the earlier play rioes still appear in Vernon's speech, etc., yet all its faint .nnd shadowy secondary figures have vanished. Through every scene of i Henry IV. beats the full, strong pulse of vigorous manhood and life. Furnivall: The Leopold Shakspere. 27 DRAMATIS PERSONAE. King Henry the Fourth. Henry, Prince of Wales, ) •f r r . y sons to the Kin^. John of Lancaster, ) ^ Earl of Westmoreland. Sir Walter Blunt. Thomas Fercy, Earl of Worcester. ' ' Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, his son. Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March. Richard Scroop, Archbishop of York. Archibald, Earl of Douglas. Owen Glendower. Sir Richard Vernon. Sir John Falstaff. Sir Michael, a friend to the Archbishop of York. Poins. Gads HILL. Peto. Bardolph. Lady Percy, wife to Hotspur, and sister to Mortimer. Lady Mortimer, daughter to Glendower, and zvife to Mr.-- timer. Mistress Quickly, hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap. Lords, Officers, Sheriff, Vintner, Chamberlain, Drawers, two Carriers, Travellers, and Attendants. Scene : England. 28 ^^ The First Part of KING HENRY IV. ACT FIRST. ^^^^^,^ ijUm^r^. And furiou^dose^of civil bgtcliej^^^^ tucuyuJo^ .ouLcllU) ^hall now, in ni utual ^'ell-Ceseemir>g mf^ iCjC£<£J-f^ coA^^/^'^March all one way, and be no more opposed Q Against acquaintance, kindred and allies: The edge of war, like an ill-sheathed knife. No more shall cut his master. Therefore, friends. As far as to the sepulchre of Christ, Whose soldier now, under whose blessed cross 20 29 Act I. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF We arej nipre ssed ami engagea to fight, Forthwith a p^£j'6 lEngl i s h shall we levy; Whose arms were moulded in their mother's womb To chase these pagans in those holy fields Over whose acres walk'd those blessed feet. Which fourteen hundred years ago were nail'd For our advantage on the bitter cross. But this oAirpurpose now is twelve month old, ess 'tis to tell you we will go: _ereT or'e^we%ieet not now. Then let me hear 30 ^jUfdodi*^^^ Of you, my gentle cousin Westmoreland, What vesternight our council did decree /o " r\ In forwarding this ^ff^^^^-^ ST^^^erP Wesi. My liege, this haste was horai'^^:f^£^in, And many limits of the But yesternio-ht : when all e came/ / A post Tr^TiWales loaden with heavy news; Whose worst was, that the noble Mortimer, Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against tlie Jn^lTfer and wild Glendower, 40 Was by the rude hands of that Welshman taken, A thousand of his people butchered; • n^ fJki ^ 1 Upon whose dead corpse there was such misus e, Such beastly shameless ^x^M^^^^^^^'-^^'^'-''^''-^^ By those Welshwomen done, as may not be Without much shame retold or spoken of. King. It seems then that the tidings of this broil Brake ofif our business for the Holy Land. Wcsi. This match'cLw'ith other, did, my gracious lord: For more '^^Wn^^ana'^imyelcome news 50 Came from the north and thus it did import: On Holy-rood d ay, the gallant Hotspur there. KING HENRY IV. ApI I. Sc. i. Young Harry Percy, and brave Archibald, That ever-vaHant and approved Scot, At Holmedon met. Where they did spend a sad and bloody hour; As by ^scW^e^of their artillery, And sh ^^^miikemio od. the news was told; As he that brought them, in the very heat And pride of their conterd^n did take horse, 60 Uncertain of the issue anyway f/ King. Here is a dear, a true industrious friend, Sjr Walter Blunt, ne\ririghted from his harse, ^'^Eamd with the variation of each soil 'Betwixt that Holmedon and this seat of ours; And he hath brought us smooth and welcome news. The Earl of Douglas is discomfited: Ten ^ousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights, ^^g • ^T^d ^^their own blood did Sir Walter see . ^^k On Holmedon's plainsXOf prisoners. Hotspur took UuhAo* Mordake the Earl of Fife, and eldest son ^a- ^ And is not this an honourable spoil? /nS\ r\ V(\S^ ^ A gallant prize?> ha. cousin, is it not? ^^^^«^^ ^ West. In faith, ^McKjL^auk, It is a conquest for a prince to boast of. i^^ King. Yea, there thou makest me sad and makest me sin I In envy that my Lord Northumberland ^ Should be the father to so blest a son, 80 A son who is the theme of honour's tongue; Amongst a grove, the ver^^ str^htest plant; ' Who is sweet Fortune's^nii^^ion and her pride: * Whilst I, by looking on the praise of him, 31 Act t. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF See riot and dishonour stain the brow Of my young Harry. O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged In cradle-clothes our children where they lay, And caird mine Percy, his Plantagenet! Then would I have his Harry, and he mine. 90 But let^him^rom my thoughts. What think you, coz. Of this young Percy's pride? the prisoners, Which he in this adventure hath surprised, To his own use he keeps ; and sends me word, I shall have none but Mordake Earl of Fife. (j) -j ^jL^e-^ . West. ThisisJiis uncle's teaching: this is Worcester, ^^^^77? U^^Miba^ ^ Ma^^vo't^lio you iQ.aU aspect s ; ^ J^oJL ^^^ ^ Which makes him ^mne * himself, and bristle up The crest of youth against your dignity. . King. But I have sent for him to answer this; 100 And for this cause awhile we must neglect '' ^' ■' Our holy purpose to Jerusalem. I Cousin, on Wednesday next our council we 1' Will hold at Windsor; so inform the lords: But come yourself with speed to us again; For more is to be said and to be done Than out of anger can be utter^. West. I will, my liege. [Exeunt. London. An apartment of /the Prince s. Enter the Prince of Wales and Falstaif. Uj-off- Fal. Now, Hal, what time pfo^^v is it, Prince. Thou art so @^i fcen r/w nfr ''^i n k i n g of old sack and unbuttoning thee after supper and UrtMi^ ' KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. ii. sleeping upon benches after noon, that thou hast forgotten to demand that truly which thou wouldst truly know. What a devil hast thou to do with the time of the day? Unless hours were . cups of sack, and minutes capons, and clocks the) tOQ>p.iQ6 of bawd s, and dials the signs of leapmgnoul' es, and the blessed sun himself a lo fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta, I see no reason why thou shouldst be so superfluous to demand the time of the day. Fal. Indeed, you com^^ear me now, Hal ; foiv^wj , n that take purses go by the moon and the seX^(*^*^^^ stars, and not by Phoebus, he ' that wandering knight so fair/ And, I prithee, sweet wag, when thou art king, as, God jaye ihv erace — majesty I should say, for graSthou^wilt have none, — 20 Prince. What, none? Fal. No, by my t|-g|h, not so rnuch as will serve to (^^ ^. be F^^e t^l^ Mkt^^ d...:^^^ Fai Marry, then,, sweet wag^ when Ihou art kin^ . y: et not us that are squires ofme mgftrs Dodv /7^ ^ < be called thieves of the day's beauty: let us ^C^j^^^in^ Q(ytjLja he Diana's foresters, gentlemen of the shade, ^>«s^crju " ^^ ' men of go^ ^g^vm trrient, being governed, as j 30 the sea is, bv our noble and chaste mistress the moon, under whose countenance we steal. Prince. Thou sayest well, and it holds well too; for the fortune of us that are the moon's men doth ebb and flow like the sea, being governed, ' -J Act I. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF ^uLiCut^-^ciU^ as the sea is, by the moon. As, for proof, now: ^^-^ a purse of gold most resolutely snatched on 'fjxwtxjjrtct^M^ Monday night and most dissolutely spent on^ ik^^ Tuesday morning; got with swearing ' Lay by ^ JtiuCo^ and spent with crying 'Br ing i n '; now in as 40 /u/»*t6S»^^'^) low an ebb as the foot of the ladder, and by and . by in as high a flow as the ridge of the gallows. ♦ Val. By the Lord, thou savest true, lad. And is not ^ my hostess of the tavern a most sweet wench? Prince. As the honey of livbl.a , my old lad of the C3^tle. And is not a, bui¥ jerfe rraT mQsf^^^we^t ^ robe of durance ?^^,^^^^^^1^^^'1^S^ • Fal. How now, how npw, mad wag! what, in thy ^^^^^■''^^^m^^and th v^ ^moin eC^ wnat a plague have I to do with a bufif jerkin? 50 Prince. Why, what a pox have I to do with my hos- tess of the tavern? ^ Fal. Well, thou hast called her to a reckoning many a time and oft. Prince. Did I ever call for thee to pay thy part? Pal. No; I '11 give thee thy due, thou hast paid all there. Prince. Yea, and elsewhere, so far as my coin would stretch; and where it would not, I have used my credit. 60 Pal. Yea, and so used it that, were it not here appa- rent that thou art heir apparent — But, I prithee, sweet wag, shall there be gallows standing in England when thou art king? and resolution thus K^^ ^ rtis with the rusty curb of old father antic the law? Do not thou, when thou art king, hang a thief. 34 KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. ii. Prince. No; thou shaltg^^^f ^i^t4^?6U*^^ Fal. Shall I? O i^lBy thi Lord, I'll be a b^^dge. 70 . ^ Prince. Thou judgest false already: I mean, ^^^^ t^^^^^^^^^^l^*' shall have the hanging of the thieves and ^<^^^^^^j^ ^ become a rare hangman. Oa^jtJ^jL^^^ \>^yoy^^ Fal Well, Hal, well; and in some sort it j^ps with ' my humour as well as waiting, in j M-Cjmit I can tell you. OuiMcu^^^ ^J,^ Prince. For obtaining ofjuits? ■ijd^/^jt.a^ U ^Louu-pj^euu Fal. Yea, for obtainin^of suits, whereof the hang- (I ^^ r man hath no lean^rdrobe^ 'W^^3^i}fi^^f:U£iJl>uxljl*^, '^^'^^^''^^^ an^ya^ofa lu^JWrTt^^rn^^S^^ ^ Prince. Or an old Hon, or a lover's lute. ^ -(Q^ /^, Fal. Yea, or the^rone of a Lincolnshire ^bagpip e. ^^5^, "^^frSt. Thou hast the mjst uns^vourv sj^l^, and ^vtOi lU^^j,^ Prince. What sayest thou to a hare, or the melan- ^^^gw^ ^^aT^ choly of Mooizditch? &,,iu/uvu^f^^ (V^-eSc^JUM ^M"''^. Thou hast the mojst ^rnisavourv simUes, and ^"^"^aJUojc^^ /^^^indeed the most ]i^^^;V%l^gift?st, sweet Jc^^LoiJ ,j(/uil(^^^^ yowng prince. But, Hal, I prithee, trouble me y^£^.&ucMu Ajuu^ no more with vanity^IwQuld to God thou iM^jPt&ji- '^^*^ and I knew where a (^^^wy of good names d^cviu^ ^ were to be bought. An old lord of the councd 90 rated me th^ 2^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ street about you, sir, but I mif^ ^him not; and yet he talked very wisely, but I regarded him not; and yet he talked wisely, and in the street too. Prince. Thou didst well; for wisdom cries out in the streets, and no man regards it. Fal O, thou hast damnab le iteradon, and art indeed able to corrupt a saint. Thou hast done much harm upon me, Hal; God forgive thee ior it! ^ /? Act I. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF Before I knew thee, Hal, I knew nothing; lOO and now am I, if a man should speak truly, B»»^, little better than one of the wicked. I must }jtJ/»i(ici£jiJ' give over this life, and I will give it over: by iLiUM^ the Lord, an I do not, I am a villain: I '11 be ILf^jJg) damned for never a king's son in Christendom. %&(£jett/Princc. Where shall we take a purse to-morrow. Jack ? ?i££^ Fal. 'Zounds, where thou. wilt, lad- I '11 make one; Vumu* an I do not, call me villain ana baffle me. Prince. I see a good amendment of life in thee; o) from praying to purse-taking. no Fal. Why, Hal, 'tis my vocation, Hal; 'tis no sin for a man to labour in his vocation. Enter Poins. ^ fj P^ns! Now shall we know if Gadshi4l have. ^^ *'^ra^m|tcli. O, if men were to be saved by" merit, what hole in hell were hot enough for him? This is the most omnipotent villain that ever cried ' Stand ' to a m^'^man. Prince. Good morrow, Ned. Pozn^. Good morrow, sweet Hal. What savs Mon^ieujr- • ^^^^^^^jrin Remorse ? what says Sir John SacKana ^g^rrygo • J Jack! how agrees the devil and thee about thy soul, that thou soldest him on Good Friday last for a cup of Madeira and a cold capon's leg? Prince. Sir John stands to his word, the devil shall have his bargain; for he was never yet a breaker of proverbs: he will give the devil his due. Poins. Then art thou damned for keeping thy word with the devil. 36 KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. ii. Prince. Else he had been damned for cozening the 130 devil. Poins. But, my lads, my lads, to-morrow morning, ^^^ by four o'clock, early at Gadshil U'^ There are^^;^^^ "^^g^^^^^^^ pilgrims going to Canterbury with rich offer- T/^^'^ tr P /) purses: I have vizkfds for vou/^lL; you have -^ « ^>? ^ .f./W^ horses for yourselves: Gadshill ^^night i" ^^J^^ ijft^^f'^ Rochester: I have bespoke supper to-morrow ^j d J^f^ night in Eastcheap : we may do it as secure as 140 %oW^ sleep. If you will go, I will stuff your purses full UcPhjy^^*^ of crowns; if you will not, tarry at home and be Pal. Hear ye, \ edward ; if I tarry at home and go not, I '11 hang you for going, u f)^ ^ nn ' Poins. You will, choii^^ Au a>^ <^ fM ^^^'^^^ ^^ Pal Hal, wilt thou make one? ^U,^^ fCUnj^^^xY/^ Prince. Who, I rob? I a thief? not I, by my faith. Pal. There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good fellowship in thee, nor thou camest not of the blood royal, if thou darest not stand for ten shillings. 150 . Prince. Well then, once in my days I '11 be a madcap. Pal. Why, that 's well said. jJUic^ at homfe. Pal. By the Lord, I '11 be a traitor then, when thou art king. Prince. I care not. Poins. Sir John, I prithee, leave the prince and me alone: I will lay him down such reasons for this adventure that he shall go. Pal. Well, God give thee the spirit of persuasion and 160 him the ears of profiting, that what thou speakest 37 Act I. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF may move and what he hears may be believed, that the true prince may, for recreation sake, prove a false thief ; for the poor abuses of the time want countenance! Farewell : you shall find me in Eastcheap. "^V ' 'Pruice. Farewell, thou latter springJ farewell, All - pfUKnxMtC£4P' }-(a||Q^yj^ summe r ! [Exit Falstaif. } Poins. Now, my good sweet honey lord, ride with us to-morrow: I have a jest to execute that I can- 170 not manage alone. Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto and Gadshill shall rob those men that we have already waylaid ; yourself and I will not be there ; and when they have the booty, if you and I do not rob them, cut this head off from my shoulders. Prince. How shall we part with them in setting forth ? Poins. Why, we will set forth before or after them, and appoint them a place of meeting, wherein it is at our pleasure to fail, and then will they adventure upon the exploit themselves; which 180 they shall have no sooner achieved, but we '11 set upon them. Prince. Yea, but 'tis like that thevAvill know us by our horses, by our Mufts^'ana^by every other ''^ ^Dpomfmem , to be ourselves. Poins. Tut! our horses they shall not see; I *11 tie ' (fjUi£/c£e£^ them in the wood ; our vizards we will change lejlt^cu^ after we leave them: and,^^^^jxral:i, J/^ha^ve casej ?^^'4i!t^ ^ ' of buckram for the nonce, to ^m^^^^ SJr^uo^ 'AxA^i^^'^^^Trincc. Yea, but I doupt they will be too hard for us. Poins. Well, for two of them, I kno\i7/them to be as true-bred cowards as ever turn^y ^b&k ; and for KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. ii. the third, if he fight longer than he sees reason, I '11 forswear arms. The virtue of this jest will be, the incomprehensible lies that this same fat rogue will tell us when we meet at suoper: how fl thirty, at least, he fought with; wM^Wdg'^^f^ what blows, what extremities he endured; and in the ^^om^otuYis lies the jest. 201 Prince. Well, I'll go with thee: provide us all things necessary, and meet me to-morrow night in Eastcheap; there 1 '11 sup. Farewell. Poins. Farewell, my lord. [Exit. Prince. I know vpiv,all, and, will a while uphold ihe unyoK eanumouroi your idleness: Yet herein will I imitate the^n, ^ n Who doth permit the bas e conmpo ^ clouds To smother up his beauty from the world. That, when he please again to be himself, 210 Being wanted, he may be more wonder'd at. By breaking through the foul and ugly mists Of vapours that did seem to strangle him. If all the year were playing holidays, To sport w^ould be as tedious as to work; But when they seldom come, they wish'd for come. And nothing pleaseth but rare accidents. So, when this loose behaviour I throw off And pay the debt I never promised, By how much better than my word I am, ^ ^ 220. By so much shall I falsify men^^^^^^^^^^ And like bright metal on a^ ^uften' ground. My reformation, glittering o'er my fault. Shall show more goodly and attract more eyes Than that which hath nojoi^to set it off. ^ Act I. Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF I'll so offend, to make offence a skill; Redeeming time when men think least I will. {Exit. il^^/iUA- (TdAfi&L Scene III. Ayvu/^u^ Oaa^^ Enter the King, Northumberland, Worcester , Wotspuff"^'^ Sir Walter Blunt, zvith others. 4^a f) A King. My blood hath been too cold and temp r ^ '^^^^^ yjUn3.pt to stir at these indignities, J'^^^^^And vou have^und me: for accordingly ^^O-CAiT^ueft) You tread upon my patience: but be sure I will from henceforth rather be mysel Mighty and to be fear'd, than my ^o^Uio n^' Which hath been smooth as oil, soft as young down, And therefore lost that title of respect Which the proud soul ne'er pays but to the proud. War. Our house, my sovereign liege, little deserves lo The scourge of greatness to be used on ii; ; And that same greatness too which our own hands Have holp to make so portly. North. My lord, — King. Worcester, get thee gone; for I do see . ^ Danger and disobedience in thine eye: J^^^^y:/ O, sir, your presence is too bold and peremptory, And majesty ffiigfet never yetjendure ^Jj The mood y from| ^or ^'^ervant brow. 0]^ \ ^^^ have good leave to leave us : when we need 20 ^ji^r\ Your use and counsel, we shall send for you. / ' [Exit Wor. You were about to speak. - [To North, Aufuix^ iZmi^uJl'v^ ikjixDiY^ 4^tXi«^^ k'(J^ L -"^^"^ KING HENRY IV. Aci I. Sc. Hi. North. Yea, my good lord. Those prisoners in your highness' name demanded, Which Harry Percy here at Holme^ntook,^^^^^^^ 4e^uju>^ Were, as he says, not wi^siich st^^ff denied ' As is rf^M^l^^i^^i^^^^,^,,^^ Either envy, therefore, or^mispnsiOrf Is guilty of this fault aad not my son. Hot, My liege, I did d^^'noprisoners. But I remember, when the fight was done, 30 When I was dry with rage and extreme toil, Breathless and faint, leaning upon my sword, Came there a certain lord, neat, and ^ri^^ J Fresh as a bridegroom; and his chm'ri^WTl^^ ^/c/^ Show'd like a stubble-land at harvest home;^ Y . ^ H e was perfume d like a milliaa: ; (aaaxAJ^l4aXa , dlti y Jl}- f(XjeJi^ Shall we buy treason? and' ^indent w ith fears , ^iguc^^-^ CficL When they have lost and forfeited themselves? No, on the barren mountains let him starve; For I shall never hold that man my friend 90 Whose tongue shall ask me for one penny cost To ransom home revolted Mortimer. Hot. Revolted Mortimer ' /^^£^.,i^ He never did ^ff^tt/n^'sovereign liege, But by the chance of war: to prove that true Needs no more but one tongue for all those wounds, Those mZtKn eoAvounds, which valiantly he took, rj When on the gentle Severn's^'^gy^b^nie:*^ . XftA^3^ In single opposition, hand to hand. He jiidc(:2STJT^^ mebest part of an hour 100 In ghangi^ h^rdiment with great Glendower: Three times they breathed and three times did they drink, "Upon agreement, of swift Severn's flood; Who thop, affrighted with their bloody looks. Ran ^anmly arpong the trembling reeds, And hid his cnspTO a'ff^^^ml^ hollow bank Bloodstained with these valiant combatants. Never, did base and rotten policy '' _ C6Iou£ tier^vSrking witli such deadly wounds; Nor never could the noble Mortimer no Receive so many, and all willingly: Then let not hum baslan^ex'd with revolt. King. Thou dost Beli^Mm7P^x>', thou dost belie him; He never did encounter with Glendower : I tell thee, 43 Act L Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF He durst as well have met the devil alone As Owen Glendower for an enemy. Art thou not ashamed? But, sirrah, henceforth Let me not hear you speak of Mortimer: Send me your prisoners with the speediest means, Or you shall hear in such a kind from me 121 As will displease you. My lord Northumberland, We license your departure with your son. Send us your prisoners, or you will hear of it. [Exeunt King Henry, Blunt, and train. Hot. An if the devil come and roar for them, ; I will not send them: I will after straight ' And tell him so; for I will ease my heart, Albeit I make a hazard of my head. North. What, drunk with choler? stay and pause a while- Here comes your uncle. Re-enter Worcester. Hot. Speak of Mortimer! 130 'Zounds, I will speak of him; and let my soul Want mercy' ^i L^o not join with him: Yea, on hi?^^^l '11 empty all these veins, And shed my dear blood drop by drop in the dust, But I will lift the down-trod Mortimer As high in the air as this unthankful king. As this ingrate and cank^r^d Bolingbroke. North. Brother, the king hath made your nephew mad. Wor. Who struck this heat up after I was gone? Hot. He will, forsooth, have all my prisoners; 140 And when I urged the ransom once again . Of my wife's brother, ^hen^i^chg^^^^ And on my face he turn'd an ^ oTdHJC }!/^^^ 44 KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. iii. Trembling even at the name of Mortimer. IVor. I cannot blame him: was not he proclaim'd By, Richard that dead is the next of blood? North. He was; I heard the proclamation: And then it was when the unhappy king, — Whose wrongs in us God pardon! — did set forth Upon his Irish expedition; 150 From whence he intercepted did return To be deposed and shortly murdered. Wor. And fonwhose death we in the world's wide mouth Live scan&a|[^8^^d foully spoken of. Hot. But, soft, Tpray you; did King Richard then Proclaim my brother Edmund Mortimer Heir to the crown? North. He did; myself did hear it. Hot. Nay, then I cannot blame his cousin king, That wish'd him on the barren mountainsystarve. , But shall it be, that you, that set the crown 160 /J^2^^<2fc*'i'^^Upon the head of this forgetful man, tu^ft3Bi<^Tha't you a wOtld of curses undergo. Being the agents, or base second means. The cords, the ladder, or the hangman rather? O, pardon me that I descends^^.^w, ^^ To show the Ime and the preoicarnent f ( Wherein you range under this subtle king; Shall it for shame be spoken m these days, 170 Or fill up chronicles in time to come. That men of yQur nobility and power Gd^Ji - Did^^^[iem#hn an unjust behalf, QSloOt ^^ boTnof you— feod pardon it ! — have done, Act I. Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF To put down Richard^ that^weet lovely ro^. ^ And plant this thorn, this ^fig^ff^Iingfe^^T^ And shall it in more shame be further spoken, That you are fool'd, discarded and shook off By him for whom these shames ye underwent? No; yet time serves wherein you may redeem i8o Your banish'd honours, and restore yourselves Into the good thoughts of tfi^e avoxM again. Revenge the jeering and ^^^mMcfentempt Of this proud king, who studies day and night To answep all the debt he owes to you Even with the bloody payment of your deaths; Therefore, I say, — Wor. Peace, cousin, say no more: And now I will unclasp a secret book. And to your quick-conceiving discontents I '11 read you matter deep and dangerous, 190 As full of peril and adventurous spirit ^ajujuaJJitnjL As to o'er-walk a^current roaring loud jiA^f^^-f^ On the liffsreaoFa^ footing of a spear. , ^f) ^^^^^-^^ Hot. If he fall m,^ood_night! or^ink or swim: ^^i^^Qz/H- r'**^ Send danger from the east unto the west, A^tIi(i£u/tA So honour cross it from the^north to south, ' And let them^^^g^e": O/rhe blood more stirs To rouse a lion than to start a hare! f - H North. Imagination of some great ^xplpit^^^^^^^^jt^/^^ fi'^^^^^^ Drives him beyond the bounds of ^aSnce. 200 Hot. By heaven, 'tpe^tjiinks it were, an easy leap. To pluck bright honour from the pale-faced moon. Or dive into th^. bottom of the deep. Where fSnom3J?e could never touch the ground, And pluck up drowned honour by the locks; 46 KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. iii. So he that dgth redeem her^ thence might wear Without domval 'al But out upon this JmlT^^afelroVship ! q j^ Wor. He^^2]^j5?^s a world of ^^^^here, V • r: But not the form of what he should attend. 2^"*"^^ Gopd cousin, give me audience for a while. Hot. \^^§§^zjy^^£oc^ Wor. Those same noble Scots ■ That are your prisoners, — Hot. . VU keep them all; By God, he shall not have a Scot of them; No, if a Scot would save his soul, he shall not: ril keep them, by this hand. \ Wor. You start away And lend no ear unto my purposes. , Those prisoners you shall keep. \ Hot. Nay, I will; that's flat; He said he would not ransom Mortimer; Forbad my tongue to speak of Mortimer; 220 But I will find him when he lies asleep, And in his ear I '11 holla ' Mortimer! ' • Nay, I '11 have a starling shall be taught to speak Nothing but ' Mortimer,' and give it him, To keep his anger still in motion. Wor. Hear you, cousin; a word. ^// , Hot. All studies here I solemnjv Se^Tr- '' / Save how to galled om^hthiZI^ 'iCoi/j^^^ that s a m e %\vo r d^^-b u^le r r nn c e of Wales, yijz But that I think his father loves him not 231 ,^^j) . And would be glad he met with some mischance, , n I would have him poison'd with a pot of ale. 47 Act I. Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF IVor. Farewell, kinsman: I'll talk to you iJ^A^ When you are better temper'd to attend. jc£c. p North. Why, what a wasp-stun^ and impatient fool iijif iJUi Art thou to brealTinto this woman's mood, nUfiS^ Tying thine ear to no tongue but thine own! Hot. Why, look you, I am whipp'd and scourged with rods, L Xettled, and stung with p^^fes, when I hear 240 Of this vile politician, Bolingbroke. In Richard's time, — what do you call the place? — A plague upon it, it is in Gloucestershire; /; ^nB— 'Twas where the madcap duke his uncle k^ir/ His uncle York; where I first bow'd my knee Unto this king of smiles, this Bolingbroke, — 'Sblood!— When you and he came back from Ravenspurgh. North. At Berkley-castle. Hot. You say true: 250 Why, what a candy deal of courtesy This fawning greyhound then did proffer me! . • Look, ' when his infant fortune came to -age,' keiLM>«^ And ' gentle Harry Percy,' and ' kind coUsin ' ; . (^ sjAfx) O' the devil take such^cozener^ ! God forgive me! tAw^*^(] ' Good uncle, tell your tale; I have done. Wor. Nay, if you have not, to it again; We will stay your leisure. Hot. I have done, i' faith. Wor. Then once more to your Scottish prisoners. Deliver them up without their ransom straight, 260 And make the Douglas' son your only meaiy^ For powers in Scotland ; which, for divers reasons Which I shall send vou written, be assured, KING HENRY IV. Act I. Sc. iii. Will easily be granted. You, my lord, [To Northumberland. Your son in Scotland being thus employ'd, Shall secretly into the bosom creep Of that same noble prelate, well beloved, The archbishop. Hot. Of York, is it not? IVor. True; who bears hard 270 His brother's death at Bristol, the Lord Scroop. I speak not this in xsnfi^o nf^^^'^^^^'" As what I think might be, but what I know Is ruminated, plotted and set down. And only stays but to behold the face liZgLUyj^ Of that occasion that shall bring it on. ^' ^go^^I smeh it: upon mv life, it wiU do^welj^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ U/Cj^North. Before the game is a-foot, thou still lel'st slip , ij^l^^j^'^i'^ \jjj(^^ot. Why, it cannot choose but be a noble plot : ^ f^^ljl And then the power of Scotland and of York, 280 ( e^ekUAJ^^-^ ^i^h Mortimer, ha? IVor. And 'SO they shall Hot. In faith, it is exceedingly weH-aim'd. * U/f^^ Wor. And 'tis no little r^^tson bids- us speed, To save our Tre'^^^f^ pyraising of -a head • ^ ^^j^ For, bear ourselves as^e^^^%K\^c'a'Ti7^'^^^^ f The king will always think him in our debt, And think we think ourselves unsati^Bed, On IL/jQ. Till he hath found a time to .pay 4ls'^hom e: /"^^ '/"^^ And see already how he doth begin To make us strangers to his looks of love. 290 Hot. Hedoes, he does : we '11 be revenged on him. Wor. Cousm]'far?well : no further go in this Than I by letters shall direct your course. 49 Act II. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF When time is ripe, which will be siijdemy, I '11 steal to Glendower and Lord Mortimer; Where you and Douglas and our powers at once, As I will fashion it, shall happily meet. To bear our fortunes in our own strong arms, Which now we hold at much uncertainty. North. Farewell, good brother: we shall thrive, I trust. Hot. Uncle, adieu: O, let the hours be short 301 Till fields and blows and groans applaud our sport! [Exeunt. ACT SECOND. ^^ Scene I. ^ n \ Rochester. An inn yard^ ^ r^ Enter a Carrier zvith a Icmternmnis hind. ^ First Car. Heigh-ho! ^n itbe not four by t he day, I '11 be hanged : ^fSarTes wa_i n is over y,ijej^w^^^/(rjt chimney, and yet our liorse not packed. vThatT^ ostler! Hm^^^^, ' ZjU^i^^'^ Ost. [Within^ Anon,, an ot^r nn E^^^^ ^^^- I prithee, Tom, beat Cufs^sa^dJe, put a^ '-y^^*^ few flocks^in the^point ; poor jade, is^rungjn tyP the_withers out of 'ST^^.'^'*^**'^ ^ M»j&jijU, fl^^s^^^^Lu tSj^ £^^^^^ ^^^^^;^^^ Carrier. Sec. Car. Peas and beans are as danK here as a dog, and that is the^neSf^^^^" iogvve poor jades the ^^ ijots : tnis house is turned upside down since 10 Robin Ostler died. First Car. Poor fellow, never joyed since the price of oats rose; it was the death of him. KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. i. Sec. Car. I think this be the most villanous house in all London road for fleas: I am stungjike a jench . First Ca;'^,Like. a t^ch! by the mass, there is ne'er a kin^cfiris^ri^icofcld be better bit than I have been since the first cock. t>c<9ur^ Sec. Car. Why, they will allow us ne'er a Jordan, and then we leak in your chimney; and your chamberlie breeds fleas like a loach. First Car. What, ostler! come away and be hanged! Sec. Car. I have a gammon of bacon and two razes ' ^^^'^^ of ginger, to be delivered as far as Charing- -^^^-^M-a cross. First Car. God's body! the turkeys in my pannier are quite starved. What, ostler! A plague on thee! hast thou never an eye in thy head? 30 canst not hear? An 'twere not as good deed as drink, to break the pate on thee, I am a very villain. Come, and be hanged! hast no ^ faith in thee? E}iter Gadshill. Gads. Good morrow, carriers. What's o'clock? First Car. I think it be two o'clock. Gads. I prithee, lend me thy lantern, to see my geld- ing in the stable^ ' Sri/t^^ First Car. ^^^^^fT^f ^M'-^lknow a trick worth two of that, i' faith. 40 Gads. I pi^y thee, lend me thine. Sec. Car. ^v. whe n? canst tell? Lend me thy lan- tern, quoth he ? marry, I '11 see thee hanged first. Act II. Sc. 1. THE FIRST PART OF Gads. Sirrah carrier, what time do you mean to come to London? Sec. Car. Time enough to go to bed with a candle, I warrant thee. Come, neighbour Mugs, we '11 call up the gentlemen: they \^1 along with company, for they have great cn^^f*f^ 50 ^[Exeunt Carriers. Gads. What, ho! '^'^^"bi^ir^^^^^^^^V. Chain. [Within] At hanCTquotn pick-pur^f Gads. That 's even as fair as — at hand, quoth the chamberlain; for thou variest no more from picking of purses than giving direction doth from labouring; thou layest the plot how. Enter Chamberlain. Cham. Good morrow, Master Gadshill. It holds /, current that I told^^ou yesternight: there's a jeeJc»*{&^ franklin in the wiTdof Kent hath brought three ■^JidTiutfitM.^ hundred marfe" with him in gold : I heard him 60 / tell it to one of his company last night at supper; a kind of auditor; one that hath abun- dance of charge too, God knows what. They are up alreadv, and call for eggs and butter: they will away P^'^^^^f^''^'''^^ ioT-^^xOBut/ Gads. Sirrah, if they meet not with SaintJNficn6l as //^^L clerks, I '11 give thee this neck. ^ , Cham. No, I'll none of it: I pray thee, keep that •* for the hangman; for I know thou worshippest Saint Nicholas as truly as a man of falsehood 70 may. Gads. What talkest thou to me of the hangman? if I hang, I '11 make a fat pair of gallows; for if 52 KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. i. I hang, old Sir]V)hn hang^s with me, and thou 'J^ u^^^**-** other lro] aji^ inat thou dream^tnot of, the ^"^^p^ which for sport sake are content to do the ^, J^^^^ profession some grace; that would, if matters M ^Ijuao'^ ^ should be looked into, for their own credit sake, r, ix>Sli/^ V/Uteu. i^ake all whole. 1 am joined with no foffllM^^^^ ^2c4 tSu> ^ r^akers. no Tong-stafif sixpenny striker s, none of ^xcy^Ji Gju^^xy ^. these ^ad mustachio purple^h ued mal tAvonns : -^ j2a. /iigjU but^ith nobility anc ro-anquillit y, burgo-masters ^ . >ggj^(iDLa ancrgre ^ oneyers. such as carrholdjn, such as ^ya /-/ {LT^jnL^ will strike sooner than speak, and speak sooner ^**<-^^^^-^>^--^ ^^v^ than drink, and drink sooner than pray : and yet, tUUOcvUJ 'zounds, I lie; for they pray continually to their f^so^UXi^S^ saint, the commonwealth; or rather, not pray to her, but prey on her, for they on her and make her their boots'. T ChQm. What, the commonwealth their boots?. will /i-^*Ji^LU< -YT, •'she hold out water in foul way? ^ ^ , /r J £ Gads. She will, she will; justice hath liquored her. / / ) , ^ We steal as in a castle, cock-sure; we have the ^ receipt of fern-se ed, we walk invisible. C//a;M^ Nay, by my faith, I think you are more be- ;v j-ide up and down \)'l ^"^ "Voiding to the night than to fern-seed for your f^ oO walking invisible. ^(s^ Gads. Give m.e thv-hand^ thou shalt have a share in '^'^^:6ipUT i^f^-s^<#i^ifra true man. lOO ^ Cham. Nay, rather let me have it, as you are a false thief. x^ ^ ^^ Gads. Go toV- ^homo ' is a common nam^ _tQ__all ^^^^(^'^^ men. Bid the ostler bring my gelding out of j^-^^^ the stable. Farewell, yoii m^dSy\nav^ \Exeuntr^*^-^ Act II. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF Scene II. t^^^^ s^' The Highzvay, near Gmsnill. ^_ ^. Enter Prince Henry cLnd Poins. Poins. ComeTsnelter, sheJerT I have removed Fal- staff's horse, and he frets Hke a gummed velvet.. Prince, Stand close. '^^M^ y^J^^J^^u^^^ ^ '^^^ ' Enter Falstaif. (1^ \ 1^ • \J ^**'^'*'*^jFa/. Poins! Poins, and be hanged! Poins! Prince. Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal ! what a brawl- ing dost thou keep! ^' Fal Where 's Poins, Hal? m ^ Prince. He is walked up to the top of the hill ; I '11 I go seek him. L Eal. I am accursed to rob in that thief's company: lo 1^ the rascal hath removed my horse, and tied him . I know not where. If I travel but four foot by Xn5qcwX the s§^l^**iurther afoot, I shall break my wind, r-y ^ Well, I doubt not but to die a fair death for all , this, if I 'scape hanging for killing that rogue. ^iiLA>^^ift>I have forsworn his company hourly any time ftdCicg>\sa>U2 this two and twenty years, and yet I am be- witched with the rogue's company. If the ras- .QyuuilLu^ cal have not given md ^edici ri£S to make me (jzxjyCu,^;^- ^^^^ ^y^, I '11 be hanged; it could not be else; I 20 n , p ' have drunk medicines. Poins! Hal! a plague ■^ / , ^ upon you both ! Bardolph ! Peto ! I '11 starve ere ^ ^US^^tid^^^ I '11 rob a foot further. An 'twere not as good a deed as drink, to turn true man and to leave these rogues, I am the veriest varlet that ever chewed with a tooth. Eight yards of uneven 54 far afoot again for all the coin in thv, father's ex- chequer. What a plague mean ye to "^n me thus ? KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. ii. ground is threescore and ten miles afoot with me; and the stony-hearted villains know it well ' enough : a plague upon it when thieves cannot CuiO-^j^ A plague upon you all! Give me my horse, you ; - U '*. rogues; give me my horse, and be hanged! '^ H Prince. Peace, ye fat-guts! lie down; lay thine ear close to the ground and list if thou canst hear tli£ tread of travellers. /^fl/.j[Have you any levers to lift me up again, being dowiT^ 'Sblood, I '11 not bear mine own flesh so ' ~^' — ^"^"i^fr"- Prince. Thou liest; thou art not colted, thou art 40 uncolted. Pal. I prithee, good prince Hal, help me to my horse, good king's son. Prince. Out, ye rogue ! shall I be your ostler ? Pal. Go hang thyself in thine /g^Yn heir-apparent ^ OJ^u^o-^ barter s ! If I be ta'en, I '11 ]^^^}o/?Ris^ An (^ ShcxQejr^^^ Were 't not for laughing, I should pity him. Poins. How the rogue roar'd! [Exeunt. Scene III. Warkworth Castle. Enter Hotspur solus, reading a letter. Hot. ' But for mine own part, my lord, I could be yell contented to be there, in respect of the love bear your house/ He could be contented : > -, . why is he not, then? In respect of the love he fcn»A*xw»*'^*'-' bears our house: he shows in this, he loves his own barn better than he loves our house. Let me see some more. ' The purpose you undertake is dangerous ; ' — why, that 's certain : 'tis danger- ous to take a cold, to sleep, to drink ; but I tell you, my lord fool, out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety. ' The purpose you undertake is dangerous ; the friend^ \^u. have named uncertain ; the time itself unsor^^TaiTd your whole plot too light for the counterpoise of so great an opposition.' Say you so. say ygu so^ rl say unto you again, you area snalfow ^co\\^m[^ ^juuLidtu ^^^Timd,^ and you lie. What a-dac k-brain is this ! ^^IgjQ By the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever was Q — laid ; our friends true and constant : a good plot, ^'^^ good friends, and full of ^^ecfauon ; an excel- 58 KA- lo 20 »-«L. KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iii. lent plot, very good friends. What a frosty- spirited rogue is this! Why, my lord of York commends the plot and the general course of the action. 'Zounds, an I were now by this rascal, I could brain him with his lady's fan. Is there not my father, my uncle, and myself? lord Edmund Mortimer, my lord of York, and Owen Glendower? is there not besides the Douglas? have I not all their letters to meet me in arms by the ninth of the next month? and are they not 30 some of them set forward already? Whaf a pagan rascal is this! an infidel! Ha! you sliall see now in very sincerity of fear and cold iieart, will he to the king, and lay open all our proceed-* /^3 ings. O, I could divide myself, and ^.^felDuf-" fets^ for moving such a dish of skim mi4k w4th so honourable an action! Hang him! let him tell the king: we are prepared. I will set forward to-night. A Enter Lady Percy. vjuN-ejB ^ ^Si»oct«i«-^'>""\^ How now, Kate ! I must leave you within these two hours. Lady. O, my good lord, why are you thus alone? 40 For what oflfence have I this fortnight been A banish'd woman from my Harry's bed? Tell me, swe.ellord, what is 't that takes from thee Thy F^Tiacfi, pleasure, and thy golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, And start so often when thou sit'st alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks, And given my treasure s and my rights of thee JbJJl Act II. Sc. Hi. THE FIRST PART OF To tmck-ey^d musing and cursed melancholy? In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watch'd, 50 And heard thee nuirmur tales of iron wars; Speak terms of mai^ge'to thy bounding steed; Cry ' Courage! to the field! ' And thou hast talk'd Of sallies arid "^n^'s* ol trenches, tents, 'Cju/HyKxfVu ^t^Jiulfi^ l5asilisks . of cannon, J ul verm , / '^'^-^*^ (AC c^/**"!*^ Q^ prisoners' ransom, a nd of soldiers slain, £^ ^/ JU- And air the currents of a heady fighf: ^^C&X5MiiiM I A Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war/HjjCiT.'i -f^.p '(^W^^^^ And thus hath so t)estirr'd thee in thy sleep, ^ 60^ .^J;^ That beads of t^^t Rtl^flm G^ t§^f^^^ f Like bubblesln a late-disturbed stream; r^^ And in thy face strange motions have appear'd, (jjU^ Such as we see when rneu ^f^^J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Mj On some great sudden jiesf : Ij/wriat portents are ^^^f^ these? Some heavy business hath my lord in hand, And I must know it, else he loves me not. Hot. What, ho! y Is^illiams with the packet gone? Sew. He is, my lord, an hour ago. 69 Hot. Hath Butler brought those horses from the sherifif? Serv. One horse, my lord, h^ brought even now. ^ kHot. What horse? aj;oan, a crop-earTisirnot? uMfs^ Serv. It is, my lord. (jj fiXJuIyHot. /i/^]j^^^^^ shall bemy throne. %s k - jj^^tL Well, I will ba^nim straight :*^ esperance L ^^ ^'^^^^ Bid Butler lead him forth into the park. 'U' [Exit Servant, 60 KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iii. Lady. But hear you, my lord. Hot. Wliat say'st thou, my lady? Lady. What is it carries you away ? Hot. Why, my horse, my love, my horse. Lady. Out, you mad-headed ape! uj€UJ ^^ruJAdU^^ A weasel hath not such a deal of s^le^ As you are toss'd with. In laith, I '11 know your business, Harry, that I will. I fear my brother Mortimer doth stir About hisUtle, and hath sent for you T oimems erne r p r i z e : but if you go — Hot. So far afoot, I shall be \y£ary, love. /. Of) Lady. Come, come, you 2a raquifo. answer me / Directly unto this question that I ask : In faith, I '11 break thy little finger, Harry, 90 An if' thou wilt not tell me all things true. Hoi. Away, Away, you trifler ! Love ! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate : this is no world To play with ^^(Ms and to tilt with lips : We must have bloody noses and crack'd crowns. And pass them current too. God 's me, my horse ! What say'st thou, Kate? wjiat. wouldst thou have with me? Lady. Do you not love me ? do you not, indeed ? Well, do not then ; for since you love me not, 100 I will not love myself. Do you not love me? Nay, tell me if you speak in jest or no. Hot, Come, wilt thou see me ride ? And when I am o' horseback, I will swear I love thee infinitely. But hark you, Kate; I must not have you henceforth question me 61 Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF Whither I go, nor reason whereabout : Whither I must, I must : and, to conclude, This evening must I leave you, gentle Kate. I know you wise, but yet no farther wise no Than Harry Percy's wife : constant you are. But yet a woman : and for secrecy. No lady closer ; for I well believe Thou wilt not utter what thou dost not know ; And so far will I trust thee, gentle Kate. Lady. How! so far? Hot, Not an inch further. But hark you, Kate: Whither I go, thither shall you go too ; To-day will I set forth, to-morrow you. Will this content you, Kate ? Lady, It must of force. [Exeunt. 120 A.CeA:> ^•^s^^--*^^--^ *"^^^ Eastcheap. "^^^^flA ^^^^' Enicr'thc Prince, and Poins, *'*^^^i'?mc?^ Njed,^prithee, come out of that fat room, and jh(.L.> N lend m^nffiy harm to laugh a little. . Poins. Where hast been, Hal? n^ r, Q n SOUU' Prince. With three or four log^mieaasainohgst Q three or fourscore hogsheads. I have sounded /( ^^^ very base-string of hmnility. Sirrah, I am n sworn brother to a laa^^^ToraA^ers ; and can call ^^JU^Mj^ them all by their cnns^'^najmes, as Tom, Di,ck^^^^g^^^ " ^, A and Francis. They^^a^eitalready i^^n^^eir"^^^ >^*^MUkC^ Salvation, that though I be but Prince of Wales, 10 - . 4 yenram the king of courtesy ; and tell me flatly ^j/ I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but a Corin- t^)^ KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. thian, a lad of mettle, a good boy, by the Lord, so they call me, and when I am king of England, I shall command all the good lads in Eastcheap. ^c^rlet ; ^.n^C^^eUaAU^ elude, I am so good a proficient in on^J;^^r^ ,^^ of an hour, that I can drmk with any tmRer 2a^^ T in his own language during my life. I tell thee, ^tcuiifu Ned, thou hast lost much honour, that thou wert not with me in this action. But, sweet Ned, — to sweeten which name of Ned, I give thee this pennyworth of sugar, clapped even now into my hand by an tM9^%Kmi?fer7%ie that never spake other English in his life than ' Eight shillings and sixpence,' and ' You are welcome,' with this CD ^^^-^^^^^ /^UcHlnf shrill addition, ' Anon, anon, sir ! Score a pint ^^^^* ^^*' fUiuU^- of' ^astard in th^Halfjrioon,' or so. But, Ned, 30 '/}CcuP to drive away the time till Falstafif come, I prithee, do thou stand in some by-room, while I question my puny drawer to what end he gave me the sugar ; and do thou never leave calling ' Francis,' that his tale to me may be nothing but ' Anon.' Step aside, and I '11 show thee a pre ceae^ T'^ Poins. Francis ! Prince. Thou art perfect. Poins. Francis! '/.^ [Exit Poins, 40 Enter Francis. ^ rr Fran. Anon, anon, sir. Look down into the Pom -y {ju^xjuLot <^ garnet, Ralph. JL^ocx^ ui. (&uu 63 dauOtjioUL' LI as mucn as lo — / " • ' . Act II. Sc. iy. . -jp THE FIRST PART OF Prince. Come hither, Francis. flL'ci*;.^ n Fran. My lord? ^' Pcmf^^ (M Ci^ Prince. How long hast thou to serve, Fmncisr Fran. Forsooth, five years, and as much as to — jlM^^^n-iT^^ Poins. [With'ui^ Francis! Fran. Anon, anon, sir. Prince. Five year ! by 'r lady, a long lease for the clinking of pewter. But, Francis, darest thou 50 be so valiant as to play the coward with thy in- denture and show it a fair pair of heels ancf run from it? /y) *^ /r:i .ZA-if\-^JS . Fran. O Lord, sir, I '11 be sworn upon all the books in England, I could find in mv heart. J^i^Cu^^JUi^jT^. Po-uu. WMnn\ Francis! '^^^ WjjUp.'oJuIo Fran. Anon, sir. / 1 Prince. How old art thou, Francis ? Fran. Let me see — about Alichaelmas next I shall be — 60 Poins. [Within] Francis! Fran. Anon, sir. Pray stay a little, my lord. Prince. Nay, but hark you, Francis: for the sugar thou gavest me, 'twas a pennyworth, was 't not? Fran. O Lord, I would it had been two ! Prince. I will give thee for it a thousand pound: ask me w^hen thou wilt, and thou shalt have it. Poins. [Within'] Francis! 70 Fran. Anon, anon. Prince. Anon, Francis ? No, Francis ; but to-mor- row, Francis ; or Francis, o' Thursday ; or in- deed, Francis, wheif"'tNou wilt. But, Francis! -4^ AuUr»it€A^ kj,^ijjuuL>^:cSfJi<^t^ OY. KING HENRY IV. ^ ^ Act II. Sc. ivyn Fran. My lord? J^V^^^^e^L, Prince. Wilt thou rob thi^ leathern jerkm , crysta l- njl^^^^ btuSCn^oo^ Prince. Why, then, your brown bastard is your only 80 drink; for look you, Francis, your white canvas (j^cj^^XfJ^ doublet will sully: in Barbary, sir, it cannot (i^2A^cfic£jS • come to so much. >7 Fran. What, sir? AT^fi^u^ Poins. [Within] Francis! Prince. Away, you rogue! dost thou not hear them call? [Here they both call him; the drawer stands amazed, not knozving which way to go. Enter Vintner. Vint. What, standest thou still, and hearest such a calling? Look to the guests within. [Exit Francis.] My lord, old Sir John, with half- 90 a-dozen more, are at the door : shall I let them in? Prince. Let them alone awhile, and then open the door. [Exit Vintner.] Poins! Re-enter Poins. Poins. Anon, anon, sir. Prince. Sirrah, Falstafl and the rest of the thieves are at the door : shall we be merry ? Poins. As merry as crickets, my lad. But hark ye ; what cunning match have you made with this jest of the drawer? come, ^what's the issue? 100 Prince. I am now of all numofirs that have showed 65 Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART QF themselves humours since the old days ol good- *' man Adam to the pupil age of this present twelve o'clock at midnight. Re-enter Francis, What 's o'clock, Francis ? Fran. Anon, anon, sir. [Exit. Prince. That ever this fellow should have fewer words than a parrot, and yet the son of a woman! His industry is up-stairs and down- stairs; his eloquence the pTrceT of a reckoning, no I am not yet of Percy's mind, the Hotspur of the north ; he that kills me some six or seven dozen of Scots at a breakfast, washes his hands, and says to his wife ' Fie upon this quiet life ! I want work.' ' O my sweet Harry,' says she, • / ' how many hast thou killed to-day ? ' ' Give nxxx^Af^U/xf- j^y X02M horse a drench ,' says he; and answers ^OUXjUb *f ' Some fourteen,' an hour after ; ' a trifle, a ^ trifle.' I prithee, call in Falstaff : I '11 play ^^ Percy, and that damned ' ^f^wV '^hall play Dame 120 Mortimer his wife. ^ Rivo ! ' says the drunkard. Call in ribs, call in tallow. ^ Enter Falstaff, Gadshilu, Baraolph, and Peto; Francis following with wine. Poins. Welcome, Jack : where hast thou been ? Fal. A plague of all cowards, I say, and a vengeance too ! marry, and amen ! Give me a cup of sack, boy. Ere I lead this life long, I '11 sew t^ef stocks and mend them and foot them too. A 66 KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. plague of all cowards 'Give me a cup of sack, rogue. Is there no virtue extant? [He drinks. Prince. Didst thou never see Tita^ kiss a dish of 130 butter? pitiful-hearted Titan, that melted at the sweet tale of the sun's! if thou didst, then be- hold that compound. Fal. You rogue, here 's lime in this sack too : there is nothing but roguery to be found in villanous man : yet a coward is worse than a cup of sack with lime in it. A villanous coward! Go thy ways, old Jack; die when thou wilt, if manhood, /] good manhood, be not forgot upon the face of u)'^^^-S'>c^>cju the earth, then am I ^hotten hert jingf. There I40^x3l^<^ lives not three good men unhanged in England; ^ec^c£o(Jr^ and one of them is fat, and grows old: God help the while! a bad world, I say. I would I were a weaver; I could sing psalms or any thing. A plague of all cowards, I say still. Prince. How now, wool-sack? what mutter you? Fal. A king's son! If I do not beat thee out of thy kingdom with a dagger of lath, and drive all thy subjects afore thee like a flock of wild-geese, I'll never wear hair on my face more. You 150 Prince of Wales! Prince. Why, you whoreson round man, what 's the matter? Fal. Are you not a coward? answer me to that: and Poins there? Poins. 'Zounds, ye fat paunch, an ye call me coward, by the Lord, I '11 stab thee. Pal. I call thee coward! I '11 see thee damned ere I call thee coward: but I would give a thousand ^7 Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF pound I could run as fast as thou canst. You i6o are straight enough in the shoulders, you care not who sees your back: call you that backing of your friends? A plague upon such backing! give me them that will face me. Give me a cup of sack: I am a rogue, if I drunk to-day. Prince. O villain! thy lips are scarce wiped since thou drunkest last. Fal. All 's one for that. [He drinks.] A plague of all cowards, still say I. Prince. What 's the matter? 170 Fal. What's the matter? there be four of us here have ta'en a thousand pound this day morning. Prince. Where is it. Jack? where is it? Fal. Where is it! taken from us it is: a hundred upon poor four of us. Prince. What, a hundred, man? Fal. I am a rogue, if I were not at half-swofd with a dozen of them two hours together. I have 'scaped by miracle. I am eight times thrust through the doublet, four through the hose; my 180 buckler cut through and thcgugh- ruy sword hacked like a hand-saw^^^^^^^^^g^uro^ I never dealt better since I was a man: all would not do. A plague of all cowards! Let them speak: if they speak more or less than truth, they are villains and the sons of darkness. Prince. Speak, sirs; how was it? Gads. We four set upon some dozen — Fal. Sixteen at least, my lord. Gads. And bound them. 190 Peto. No, no, they were not bound. 68 half-sword wit KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. Fal. You rogue, they were bound, every man of them ; or I am a Jew else, an Ebrew Jew. Gads. As we were sharing, some six or seven fresh men set upon us — Fal. And unbound the rest, and then come in the other. Prince. What, fought you with them all? Fal. All! I know not what you call all; but if I fought not with fifty of them, I am a bunch of 200 radish : if there were not two or three and fifty upon poor old Jack, then am I no two-legged creature. Prince. Pray God you have not murdered some of them. Fal. Nay, that 's past praying for : I have peppered two of them ; two I am sure I have paid, two rogues in buckram suits. I tell thee what, Hal, if I tell thee a lie, spit injny fac^, call me horse^ Thou knowest my old ^at^ T^n^ellav. Ifnami^ I bore my point. Four rogues in budkram let 210 drive at me — Itrince. What, four? thou saidst but two even now. FuL Four, Hal ; I told thee four. Poins, Ay, ay, he said four. Fal. These four came all a-front, and mainly thrust at me. I made me no rno^ .ad^but took all their seven points in my targ^, inus. Prince, Seven? why, there were but four even now. Fal. In buckram ? Poins. Ay, four, in buckram suits. 220 Fal. Seven, by these hilts, or I am a villain else. Prince. Prithee, let him alone; we shall have more anon. 69 Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF FaL Dost thou hear me, Hal ? Prince. Ay, and mark thee too, Jack. Fal. Do so, for it is worth the Ustening to. These nine in buckram that I told thee of, — Prince. So, two more already. Fal. Their points being broken, — Poins. Down fell their hose. 230 Fal. Began to give me ground : but I followed me close, came in foot and hand ; and with a thought seven of the eleven I paid. Prince. O monstrous ! eleven buckram men grown out of two ! Fal. But, as the devil would have it, three misbe- ,urD^^k(jt^ gotten knaves in ^endal green c ame at my back ^^^zaiu& and let drive at me ; for it was so dark, Hal, that ^i^jUj^MjP ^^^^^ couldst not see thy hand. ^ Prince. These lies are like their father that begets 240 fAJU^l^S&£L^th.^rn] gross as a mountain, opep, palpable. Why, .thou clay-brained guts, thou knotty-pated fool, thou whoreson, obscene, greasy tallmv- FaL What, art thou mad ? art thou mad ? is not the truth the truth? Prince. Why, how couldst thou know these men in Kendal green, when it was so dark thou couldst not see thy hand ? come, tell us your reason : what sayest thou to this ? 250 Poins. Come, your reason. Jack, your reason. Fal, W'hat upon compulsion ? 'Zounds, an I were te^^ pf at the ^trappado. or ^11 the racks in the world, I tt^ aujujuf. would not tell you on compulsion. Give you a reason on compulsion ! if reasims were as plenti- 70 fJ^UfJKJL^ KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. ful as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon compulsion, I. Prince. I '11 be no longer guilty of this sin ; this san- guine coward, this bed-presser, this horse- back- breaker, this huge hill of flesh, — 260 Fal. 'Sblood, you starveling, you elf-skin, you^dried^ n neat's tongue, you bull's pizzle, you stocK^-^mr ^-^^ O for breath to utter what is like thee! you tailor's-yard, you sheath, you bow-case, you vile s tanding-t uck^^>g-^gyC£^ ^^^^cu ^2e<^ Prince. Well, breathe a while, and then to it again : and when thou hast tired thyself in base com- parisons, hear me speak but this. Poins. Mark, Jack. Prince. We two saw you four set on four and bound 270 them, and were masters of their wealth. Mark now, how a plain tale shall put you down. Then dkl we Uvo set on you four ; and, with a word, ^(u^na^eoyou from your prize, and have it ; yea, and can show it you here in the house : and, Falstafif, you carried your guts away as nimbly, with as quick dexterity, and roared for mercy, and still run and roared, as ever I heard bull- calf. What a slave art thou, to hack thy sword as thou hast done, and then say it was in fight' 280 , What trick, what device, whaf startmg^Hole. canst thou now find out to hide thee from this open and apparent shame ? Poins. Come, let's hear, Jack; what trick hast thou now? Fal. By the Lord, T knew ye as well as he that made ye. Why, hear you, my masters : was it for me 71 Act IL Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF to kill the heir-apparent ? should I turn upon the true prince ? why, thou knowest I am as valiant as Hercules : but beware instinct ; the lion will 290 not touch the true prince. Instinct is a great matter; I was now a coward on instinct. I shall think the better of myself and thee during my life ; I for a valiant lion, and thou for a true prince. But, by the Lord, lads, I am glad you have the money. Hostess, cUP'^fo the doors : watch to-night, pray to-morrow. Gallants, lads, boys, hearts of gold, all the titles of good fellow- ship come to you ! What, shall we be merry ? shall we have a play extempore ? 300 Prince. Content ; and the argument shall be thy run- ning away. Fal. Ah, no more of that, Hal, an thou lovest me ! Enter Hostess. Host. O Jesu, my lord the prince ! Prince. How now, my lady the hostess ! what sayest thou to me? Host. Marry, my lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door would speak with you : he says he comes from your father. / ■ Prince. Give him as much as will make him a roya l 310 "^i^^ut^ man, and send him back again to my mother. '^^Fal What manner of man is he? Host. An old man. Fal. What doth gravity out of his bed at midnight? Shall I give him his answer? Prince. Prithee, do, Jack. Fal, Faith, and I '11 send him packing. [Exit, 72 Y^ KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. Prince. Now, sirs: by t lady, you fought fair; so did you, Peto ; so did you, Bardolph: you are lions too, yqu ran away upon instinct, you will 320 not touch the true prince ; no, fie ! Bard. Faith, I ran when I saw others run. Prince. Faith, tell me now in earnest, how came Fal- staff's sword so hacked? Peto. Why, he hacked it with his dagger, and said he would swear truth out of England but he would make you believe it was done in fight, and per- suaded us to do the like. Bard. Yea, and to tickle our noses with spear-grass to make them bleed, and then to beslubber our 330 garments with it and swear it was the blood of true men. I did that I did not this seven year before, I blushed to hear his monstrous devices. Prince. O villain, thou stoks^pof^ck^dshteeg^ ^{^^ years ago, and wert tal^ffl^mTlrTh _e_manner, ancP^ ever since thou hast blushed extempore. Thou hadst fire and sword on thy side, and yet thou rannest away : what instinct hadst thou for it ? Bard. My lord, do you see these meteors? do you behold these exhalations ?^tt^-' 340 Prince. I do. Bard. What think you they portend? Prince. Hot livers and cold purses. Bard. Choler, my lord, if rightly taken. Prince. No, if rightly taken, halter. Re-enter Falstaff. Here comes lean Jack, here comes bare-bone. How now, mv sweet creature of bombast 73 ^Jtji^(AJLajJL ttSou^i Up t , Aff j j Harry, I d o not only marvel where thou spend- r — ' — jest thy time,but also how thou art accompanied: «, rCtc< ' Ffor though the camomile, the more it is troddenlC5jLiJ'«0acu^ fyrfc^' f gn the faster it grows, yet youth, the more itjsj"^ ^ockAs-uueA *«- j wasted the sooner it wears. TT^atThou art my ^^jg^^ 1 son, I have partly thy mother's word, n^rtlv my 430 lown opinion, but chiefly a villanot^s^iofofmine LL&A- leye, and a foolish hanging of thy nether lip, that \ , A^ J"* nL. F^^^ warrant me. If then thou be son to me, V'^yjJ'- \^A. here lies the point; why, being son to me, art ^ysi^^^ thou so pointedat? Shall;, the- blessed sun of jjv^CtX* "^"^^ j^jTcAfW [heaven prove a miclie^ ii&^e^blackberries ? avL.^,^.'(jiO uestion not to be asked. Shall the son of ^ Lngland prove a thief and take purses? a ques- (\.iAlv^^ ion to be asked. There is a thing, Harry, which hou hast often heard of, and it is known to many 440 il^ftAjoJvU^^ our land by the name of pitch: this pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile; so doth the company thou keepest : for, Harry, now I do KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. not speak to thee in drink but in tears, not in pleasure but in^ssion, not inj^rds only, but in ,wo es also: and yet there is a virtuous man whom I have often noted in thy company, but I know not his name. Prince. What manner of man, an it like your majesty ? Fal. A goodly portly man, i' faith, and a corpulent;. 450 of a cheerful look, a pleasing eye, and ^ ^^^^^^^ ( .X^CuX) o^! jioble carriage; and, as I think, his age'" some / Tjj fifty, or by 'r lady, inclining to three score; and l|Jj*.«KijaS/ now I remember me, his name is Falstafif : if that jAajjuAilfiJ man should be lewdly given, he deceiveth me; I . for, Harry, I see virtue in his looks. If then the / t^^ox^ > ' tree may be known by the fruit, as the fruit by f -i^sft;.^ the tree, then, peremptorily I speak it, there is j virtue in that Falstaff : him keep with, the rest ( banish. And tell me now, thou naughty varlet, y.60 tell me, where hast thou been this month? \ Prince. Dost thou speak like a king? .Do thou stand for me, and I '11 play my father. Fal. Depose me? if thou dost it half so gravely, so majestically, both in w^dand nijW^, hang me up by the heels for alraDbof^fcKlrera poulter's hare. fb^^xPi^^^a/c^ Prince. Well, here I am. set. Fal. And here I stand: judge, my masters. ^ Prince. N ow, Harry, whence com e you? (SiSQ^v^ hJ^^^^S^xf? Fal. My noble lord, from Eastcheap! ^-^IJ^^i^'^EiSixSr Prince. The complaints I hear of thee are grievous. Fal. 'Sblood, my lord, they are false: nay, I '11 tickle ye for a young prince, i' faith. Prince. Swearest thou, ungracious boy? henceforth 77 Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF ne'er look on me. Thou art violently carried away from grace: there is a devil haunts thee r\ , in the likeness of an old fat man; a tun of man Viu cuPo is thy companion. Why dost thou converse with ^ Mijly^^, —^'T guts, that roasted^ %lanningtree ox with the ^^ icnt*^ puddino: in his belly, that reverend vice, that 1^ grey iniquity, that father ruffian, that vanity in [ujjtJ^.'t^'-t years? Wherein is he good, but to taste sack iu^^ol and drink it? wherein neat and^leanly, but to S^J^m^ carve a capon and eat it? whereinjiunning, but ino'aft? wherein crafty, but in villany ? wherein villanous, but in all things? wherein worthy, but 490 in nothing. LiOxu^ Uj&^ cPWc ^HmOA,^ Fal. I would your Grace woul d take me with you : whom means your Grace? Prince. That villauQUs abominable misleader of lAJL J> youth, Falstaff;:^ that old white-bearded Satan. '^\'^Fal My lord, the man I know. Prince. I know thou dost. Fal. But to say I know more harm in him than in ^ myself, were to say more than I know. That jT/^ I he is old, the more the pity, his white hairs do 500 oS^^ ■ witness it; but that he is, saving your rever- ,S) ! ence, a whoremaster, that I utterly deny. If ^ /* I sack and sugar be a fault, God help the wicked! ij^tiiilA ; if to be old and merry be a sin, then many an r\ l^ old host that I know is damned: if to be fat be /ia^oai^ to be hated, then Pharaoh's lean kine are to be ^Qy ' loved. No, my good lord; banish Peto, banish KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc. iv. Bardolph, banish Poins : but for sweet Jack Fal- staff, kind Jack Falstaff, true Jack Falstaff, val- iant Jack Falstaff, and therefore more valiant, 510 being, as he is, old Jack Falstaff, banish not him thy Harry's company, banish not him thy y/juu "SX^ Harrv's company : banish plump Jack, and ban^^^ ^X ish all the world. ^^ \ Prince. I do, I will. [A knocking heard, y^ [Exeunt Hostess, Francis, and Bardolph. Re-enter Bardolph, running.^ Bard. O, my lord, my lord ! the sheriff with a most monstrous watch is at the door. Fal. Out, ye rogue ! Play out the play : I have much to say in the behalf of that Falstaff". Re-enter the Hostess. Host. O Jesu, my lord, my lord ! — 520 Prince. Heigh, heigh ! the devil rides upon a fid dle- /WtfZ'^io stkk: what's the matter? ^^^^I^^i^^ Host. The sheriff and all the watch are at the ^^^'^ '• ^^QjtxMA? Of. they are come to search the house. Shall I let /p p ,h^ them in ? ^ '^^*«««c Fal. Dost thou hear, Hal? never call a true piece of ^ ^*-^ goiy a counterfeit '. thou art essentially mad, *7/^^^'^^< without seeminsr so. ^^^^^^Uco Prince. And thou a natural coward, without instinct. 4^ al. I deny vour JTiaior : if you will ^d^^ny the sheriff, 530/- SO ; if not, let him enter : if I bfed^fie'not a &f&^^^^ ^ as well as another man, a plague on my bringing ^' iyfifj ♦ ;ji^^>"". i Up! I hope I shall as soon be strangled with a ^^x icv f\Mxjux^ cjuMl j^Qxxj^ OLffAi Ctjajdu ^e^Mjl'ou^ /y c/CloZ/Ax. - AujouJaih . Act II. Sc. iv. THE FIRST PART OF Prince. Go, hide thee behind the 4rr^ s : ifhe rest walk'' up above. Now, my iji astgrs, for a true face and good conscience. ~4^^^ir^c^;coc/?£jut/ ^^^^^ - Fal. Both which I have had : but their date is out^^f^"^^*^^^^ and therefore I '11 hide me. Prince. Call in the sheriff. 540 [Exeunt all except the Prince and Peto. Enter Sheriff and the Carrier. Now, master sheriff, what is voiir will with me? Sher. First, pardon me, my lord. _.-\lrLieanQ crv r ^^^ , « Hath follow'd certain men imto this house. ^ '-w^*^ Prince. What men? Sher. One of them is well known, my gracious lord, A gross fat man. Car. As fat as butter. Prince. The man, I do assure you, is not here ; For I myself at this time have employ'd him. And, sheriff, I will engage my word to thee That I will, by to-morrow dinner-time, 550 Send him to answer thee, or any man, ^J) For any thing he shall be charged witnaT: And so let me entreat you leave the house. Sher. I will, my lord. There ar^ two gentlemen Have in this robbery lost three hundred marks. Prince. It may be so : if he have robb'd these men. He shall be answerable ; and so farewell. Sher. Good night, my noble lord. * P^rince. I think it is good morrow, is it not? Sher. Indeed, my lord, I think it be two o'clock. 560 [Exeunt Sheriff and Carrier. 80 KING HENRY IV. Act II. Sc.iv. ^ Prince. This oily rascal is known as well as PauH^. Go, call him forth. Peto. Falstaff! — Fast asleep behind the arras, and snorting like a horse. Prince. Hark, how hard he fetches breath. Search his pockets. [He searcheth his pockets and Und- eth certain papers.] What hast thou found? Peto. Nothing but papers, my lord. Prince. Let 's see. what they be : read them. ^ ^ qH j^^^^^loa "3 Peto. [Reads] JiQm, ' ASpon, \ . 2s. -|dr^^^570 // » i ■ . Item, Sauce, ... id. ^^^^^ \ ' Item, Sack, two gallons, 5s. 8d. ; ''^'^')^^^jjtJ^ Ittm, Anchovies and ^'^ « Ti^^^^"^*'^^ sack after supper, . 2s. 6d. £cf-^-- Item, Bread, . . . ohjuUce/^ ^ jfULmuJL fmce. O monstrous ! but one half-pennyworth of bread to this intolerable deal of sack! What tbere is else, keep close ; we '11 Vead it at more am^ilfagr: there let him sleep till day. I '11 to the court in the morning. We must all to 580 the wars, and thy place shdlbehanprn-ab^^^ I '11 procure this fat rogue a cfmrg?oTt^|^ 2.nSi I know his death will be a march oP ^we to- /j) jz, yc#< ^^gmggejytaU be paid back again with ^w.^^^ aavantageT^Bewmfme betimes m the mornmg ; /Cajc.eJ2tJi; and so, good morrow, Peto. Peto. Good morrow, good my lord. [Exeunt. '>^ 81 Act III. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF ACT THIRD. Scene I. Bangor. The Archdeacon's house. Enter Hotspur, Worcester, Mortimer, and Glendower. Mort. These promises are fair, tbe parties sure, And our il^«ta-»^ a^ Q^xix^ Shaked like a coward. ^t^yj<-a*> '.^uuiuuPHot. Why, so it would have done at the same sea- ^a^o* "^ j^^Ij/> son, if your mother's cat had but kittened, ^^^^^^T* though yourself had never been born. Glend. I say the earth did shake when I was born. 20 Hot. And I say the earth was not of my mind. If you suppose as fearing you it shook. Glend. The heavens were all on fire, the earth did tremble." Hot. O, then the earth shook to see the heavens on fire, And not in fear of your nativity. 82 KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. i. Diseased nature oftentimes breaks forth In strange eruptions; oft the teeming earth Is with a kind of coHc pinch'd and vex'd By the imprisoning of unruly wind 30 Within her womb; which, for enlargement skiving, Shakes the old beldam earth and t o%Tes^ lbwn -^^•^*~ Steeples aimd moss-grown towers. At Y^U-r* birl Our^^rS^^BSearm^ having this distemperature, In passion shook. Glend. Cousin, oLmanv men I do not bear these crossings. Give me leave To tell you once again that at my birth The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes, The goats ran from the mountains, and the herds Were strangely clamorous to the frighted fields. 40 These signs have mark'd me extraordinary; And all the courses of my life do show I am not in the roll of cpmnTr)n jnen.- pQqX) Where is he living, cnp^^S^wimtne sea That-chides the banks of England, Scotland, Wales, Wmdi calls me pupil, or hatlT^^S" wlnef"^ And bring Jiim out that is but woman's -son Can race mennTnenedious ways of- art, And h^ra^iftepace^^maeep experiments. Hot. I think there's no man speaks better Welsh. 50 I '11 to dinner. Mort. Peace, cousin Percy; you will rmke him mad. ( kf^% Glend. I can call spirits from the vS^deep. \ Hot. Why, so can I, or so can any man; . But will they come when you do call for them? } Glend. Why, I can teach you, cousin, to command The devil. 83 Act III. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF Hot. And I can teach thee, coz, to shame the devil By telUng truth: tell truth, and shame the devil. If thou have power to raise him, bring him hither, 6:1 And I '11 be sworn I have power to shame him hence. O, while you live, tell truth, and shame 'the devil! Mort. Come, come, no more of this unprc^ta^ble chat^ i^ Glend. Three times hath Henry Bohngbrok^ made head Against my power; thrice from the banks ot Wye " - n ^ ^^^ sandv-boitom'd Severn have I sent him /^Bootftss hom^^nd weather-beaten back. Hot. Home without boots, and in foul weather too! How 'scapes he agues, in the devil's name? Glend. Come, here 's the map : shall we divide our right 70 According to our threefold or3er*t0^t.'^*^^iILajd2v. Mort. The archdeacon hath divided it Into three limits very equally: tJ^^Cccua 'CfJ3¥ England, from Trent and Severn hitherto . By south and east is to my paVrassign'd: All westward, Wales beyond the Severn shore, And all the fertile land wjtl^in that bound. To Owen Glendower: and, dear coz, to you /laQh The remnant northward, lying ofif from Trent. ixaahjuAaaP* And our indentures tripartite are drawn; y, 80 XXTLc- LC^ * Which being sealed mt|rcte^^fi^;;;^^^^^^^T7^^^^ 5e««.*«i*4'^"''"^'' *=*' this night may execut^^^^^^l^^V ' io-morrow, cousm Percy, you and I ^* And my good Lord of Worcester will set forth To meet your father and the Scottish power. As is apppinted U5, at Shrewsbury. My fathep &len^wer is not ready yet. Nor shall we need his help these fourteen days. 84 KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. i. Within that space you may have drawn together Your tenants, friends, and neighbouring gentlemen. Glend. A shorter time^hall send me to you, lords: 91 And in my co^^t shall your ladies come; From whom you now must steal and take no leave, For there will be a world of water shed Upon the parting of your wives and you. Hot, Methinks my mqlef^iorth from Burton here. In quantity equals not one of y^^\^^J^2tJ.c^ irr J) ^ See how this river comes mecf^^Sngm/^ vr^*^^ict But in the way of bargain, mark ye m6; I '11 cavil on the ninth part of a hair. 140 Are the indentures drawn? shall we be gone? Glcnd. The moon shines fair: you may away by night: ^ , L^l haste jthe.writer, and withal /)c/z.»t*£^ igl^^g^^ '^, J^ wives of your departure hence: I am afraid my daughter will run mad. So much she doteth on her Mortimer. [Exit. Mort. Fie, cousin Percy! how you cross my father! Hot. I cannot choose: sometime li^ angers me With telling me of the nio m^^ p and the ant. Of the dream er_MerHn and his prophecies, 150 ^Q& ax*AAi^aajLL *P 86 fcayfLtHg/^O KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. i, And of a dragon and a finless fish, /^^^^^^^ A cjip-^wingkigriffin and a m&rflren ^ven/ -- ^^^i^t^hnd ajffl^^!lg^t,^ -^^ta:*^ deal ofskimble-s ' A And*'such a deal or ^dmble-skamb le stuff oudicfi As puts me from my faith. I tell you what, — ^ ' ^ He held me last night at least nine hours ^-*«^ In reckoning up the several devils' names That were his lackeys : I cried ' hum,' and ' well, go to,' But mark'd him not a w^ord. O, he is as tedious As a tired horse, a railing wife; i6o Worse than a smoky house : I had rather live With cheese ^d garlip in a windmill, far. Than feed oru catesanxRiave him talk to me In any summerMi^u se in Christendom. Mort. In faith, he is a worthy gentle^n^^^ aJ^ou^^^jLjO Exceedingly _vvell read,^nd prpmgcf: ' ^-te**^" * In stra^?conce^m^St*VaHant as a Hon, .jjutf*" tUjiM^^ And wondrous affable, and as bountiful As mines of India. Shali I tell you. cousin ?^.-^ He holds ygurfen^er m a hi^frespe^***^"^ 170 ^ And^ ^urSy iiimfelf even of his natural scop ^^^^^^^^-^-^'*^'^^ When you come 'cross his humour; faith, he does: I warrant you, that man is not alive Might so have tempted him as you have done, ^ ^ Without the taste of danger and r^fogf^ u' f ^^^ parts besides, legu!lmg7[hem of commendation.^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ Hot. Well, I am school'd: good manners be your spee d! '' Here come our wives, and let us take our leave. 191 Re-enter Glendozver zvith the ladies. Mort. This is the deadly spite that angers me; * My wife can speak no English, I no Welsh. Gland. My daughter weeps: she will not part with you; She '11 be a soldier too, she '11 to the wars. Mort. Good father, tell her that she and my aunt Percy Shall follow in your conduct speedily. [Glendower speaks to her in Welsh, and she anszvers him in the same. Glend. She is desperate here; a peevish self-will'd harlotry, one that no persuasion can do good upon. [The lady speaks in Welsh. 200 Mort. I understand thy looks: that pretty Welsh Which thou pour'st down from these swelling heavens I am too perfect in; ^,nd, but for shame. In such a parl^^*snoufar answer thee. Ajc^iAei . T Lady P. I will not sing. i^^^^^ei^ JrJ) Hot. 'Tis the next way to turn tailor, or be J^^cyLoujtit^ c ^ breast teach er. An the indentures be drawn,q^ -^hieHa *^^ I '11 away within these two hours ; and so, come in when ye will. [Exit. ^'^yf^^rGiend. Come, come, Lord Mortimer; you are as slow ^^^' As hot Lord Percy is on fire to go. ""^^jD -^y ^^^^ °^^ book is drawn; we ''41 but seal, 270 KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. ii. And then to horse immediately Mort. With all my heart. {Exeunt. Scene II. ¥f^. London. The palace. Enter the King, Prince of Wales, and others. ing. Lords, giveji^aye; tile Prince of Wales and I Must have some private conference: but be near at hand, - For we shall presently have need of you. [Excnnt Lords. I know not whether God will have it so, For some displeasing ^®f:^ have done, That, in his secgt doom, out of my blood He '11 breed re^^^^ieht and. a scourge for me; ut thou dost in thy pag^agjf^li?e ^'/^^^ ake me believe that thou art only mark'd For the hot vengeance and the rod of heaven lo Qi,. To punish my'TOlfnsadings. Tell me else, Could such inordinate and low desires, /2u>c/r^yUjukjU Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempts. Such barren pleasures, rude society. As thou art match'd withal and grafted to. Accompany the greatness of thy blood, I And hold their level with thy princely heart? Prince. So please your majesty, I would I could Quit all offences with as clear excuse As well as I am doubtless I can purge Myself of many I am charged withal: Yet As, u 20 y-self of many I am charged withal: ^ 3 5, m reyrooT otinany tales devtse aT # ' 91 Act III. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF " . Which oft the ear of greatness needs must hear, ^, By smiHng ^ick^thank^ and base newsmongers, I may,. for, some things true, wherein my youth Hath fauhy wander'd an4 irregular. Find pardon on my true submission. King. God-pardon thee! yet let me wonder, Harry, tlry aSsmon'sfwnich do hold a wing ]^,j i) . Quifetronfmeiiight of all thy ance^ors. ^ ^, ^' ^S) \ Thy place in council thou -hast ru^Iy ffst. ^ m T WhicH by thy younger brother is supplied, OP^/jMi"^ And art almost an alien to the hearts ,;>*^^ Of all the court and princes of my blood: JOM-J xiie hope and expectation of thy time ,^--r^ Is ruin'd, and the soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall. Had I so lavish £)f my presence been. So com^irm^^na^Ji^yVl in the eyes of men, 40 So stale and cheap to vulgar company, Ic C|U^V^^^* ppinion . that did help me to the crown, ^^^^^'^^^^ Had still kept loyal to ^l^si^t^*^ And left me in reputeless banishment, A fellow of no mark nor hkelihood. By being seldom seen, I could not stir But like a comet I was wonder'd at ; That men would tell their children ' This is he '; Others would say, ' Where, which is Bolingbroke? ' And then I stole all courtesy from heaven, 50 And dress'd myself in such humility I That I did pluck allegiance from men's hearts, \ Loud shouts and salutations from their mouths, \ Even in the presence of the crowned king. Thus did I keep my person fresh and new;^ KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. ii. My presence, like a robe pontificaj/ ^ Ne'er seen but wonder'd atj^and so my state, Q) lijtccJjlcu) '^^•^^^^ ^dcfom but sumptuous., showerl like a feast, /Korsio 6u/ua^ ienes?, ^ufch solemnity. * T (jyy «- 60 •^^-^ /^ i i he ekippjjti^ langT/he amDled up and down, ;3Vith shallow jesters an^ Hraslypavin wits, ^ Soon kindled and soon burnt; carded his ^tate, Mingled his royalty with c^^^^^fooi^^*^^'^^^ V.X JJad his great name profaned with their scorus, . j*VAnd gave his counfenance, aggmst^^^^M^ry* t^^ To laugh at gibing boys, ancr^aj^iLth^-fiush ^^^ Of every beardless vain comparM^ .^^ ^u^*£S^^ Grew a ^companion to th^ copimon streets, ^Te^^^msf lf^^pop1.rfari$^ ; That, being daily swallow'd by men's eyes, They surfeited with honey and began To loathe the taste of sweetness, whereof a More than a little is by much too much. So when he had occasion to be seen, I He was but as the cuckoo is in June, ^ J Heard, not regarded; seen, but with such eyes' ; /As, sick and blunted with comrmmr^^*'^'^*^' f"^^^^^ \ Vj^fiford no extraordinary gaze, Such as is bent on sun-like majesty When it shines seldomiojadmiring eyes; 80 But rathercI^^gdanamSng their eyelids down. Slept in his face and render'd such aspect As cloudy men use to their adversaries, Being with his presew:e glutted, gorged and full. And in that veryuneTHarry, standest thou; For tliou hast lost thv Drincely privilege Witnvue pam^ation : not an eye 93 Act in. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF But is a-weary of thy common sight, Save mine, which hath desired to see thee more; Which now doth that I would not have it do, 90 Make bhnd itself with foolish tenderness. Prince. I shall hereafter, my thrice gracious lord, Be more myself. King. For all the world As thou art to this hour was Richard then When I from France set foot at Ravenspurgh, And even as I was then is Percy now. Now, by my sceptre andipy soul to boot, He hath more worthy i^^real: to the state Than thou the shadow of succession; For of no right, nor coburjike to^jight^ .^.^^.^ loo He doth fill fields with harness in the realm, Turns head against the lion's armed jaws. And, being no more in debt to years than thou, Leads ancient lords and^ reverend bishops on To bloody battles and ta bruising arms . 7V^/ What never-dying honour hath he got ^1 Against renowned Douglas! .whose hisfh deeds. Whose hot mcursions and great name m arms Holds from all soldiers.chief ^^^' ^'^^^ And military title (^pf£a l^y^ no Through all the kingdoms that acknowledge Christ: Thrice hath this Hotspur, Mars in swathling clothes, This infant warrior, in his enterprizes ^comfited great Douglas, ta'en him once, arged him and made a friend of him. To fill the mouth of deep defiance up. And shake the peace and safety of our throne. And what say you to this? Percy, Northumberland, 94 OJUAA-^ Lmarpfe ..tiuaMi^oftfsu^- III. Sc. ii. [Ta£e_o£Yc^' Douglas, Mortimer, rajQimiaJe ag^nst lis and are w^.uu,(3Ln4jot^ 120 But wherefore do I tell these news to .thee? Why, Harry, do I tell thee of my foes. Which art my near'st and dearest enemy.E, Thou that art like enough,, through -vfls^f ear, - Base inclination and the sfe^fffllpfeeify' "^^^-fC^^^^^ To fight against me under Percy's pay, To dog his heels and curtsy at his frowns, To show how much thou art degenerate. Prince. Do not think so; you shall not find it so: And God forgive them that so much have sway'd Your majesty's good thoughts away from mel 131 I will redeem all this on Percy's head, And in the closing of some glorious day Be bold to tell you that I am your son ; (Z^ /(JliJiJax^LJ^ When I will wear a garment all of blood, ^mftoLpt'ou^''- And stain mf^^^fm a bloody mask, f^^^^kJlILf urSjnju^x Which, wash'd away, shall scour my shame with it^^^^toT^ And that shall be the day, whene'er it lights, ^ ^S^^Jj*. That this same child of honour and renown, Msj^axML This gallant Hotspur, this all-praised knight, 140 Anct your untliought-of Harry chance to meet. For every honour sitting on his helm, Would they were multitudes, and on^rny head My shames redoubled! for the time will come, That I shall make this northern youth exchange His glorious deeds for my Percv is but my mgto r, goc indignities, ood mv lord. To engross_up glorious deeds on my behalf; And I will call him to so strict account. That he shall render every glory up, 150 95 Act III. Sc. ii. THE FIRST PART OF Yea, even the slightest worship of his time, Or I will tear the reckoning from his heart. This, in the name of God, I promise here: The which if he be pleased I shall perform, I do beseech your majesty may salve The long-grown wounds of my mfempjrance : If not, the-end of life cancels all bam_ And I will die a hundred thousand deaths Ere break the smallest parcel of this vow. King. A hundred thousand rebels die in this: i6o Thou shalt have charge and sovereign trust herein. Enter Blunt. How now, good Blunt? thy looks are full of speed. Blunt. So hath the* business that I come to speak of. Lord Mortimer of Scotland hath sent word That Douglas and the English rebels met The eleventh of this month at Shrewsbury: , A mighty and a fearful head they are, If promises be kept on every hand, As ever ofifer'd foul play in a state. King. The Earl of Westmoreland set forth to-day; 170 Witkhim my son Lord John of Lancaster; F^ftnis aaverfise ment is five days old: On Wednesday next, Harry, you shall set forward; On Thursday we ourselves will march: our meeting Is Bridgenorth: and, Harry, you shall march Through Gloucestershire; by v^ch account, Our business vaffie^rsomlwef^ days hence Our general forces at Bridgenorth shall meet. r. Our handsjireJuU of business: let's away; 179 J^'^^'^'^tM^^^tnm fat, while men delay. [Exeunt, KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. iii. Scene III. The Boars-Head Tavern in Eastcheap. Enter Falstaff and Bardolph. Fal. Bardolph, am I not ia Ilea away vileJx ^in^e this last action? do I w^^ ^Mt 'f'^S^Lnm^^^dle ? Why, my skin haners about me like an old Jady's? ^j /fj . loose gown; I am withered like an ^^IV^ ^ John. Well,. I '11 ^repent, and that suddenly, >iW^ while I am%^^^|^j|;^ shall be out of '^^^ ^f^^Ui/^ heart shortly, and then I shall have no strength to repent. An I have not forgotten what the inside^ of a church is made of, I am a pepper- Q)fpis<^» corn,^i.brewer's horse: 'the insidgof^acljr^^ Jo ^^xJc. Companv, villanous companv, hath b^en thef spoiTy Q .-. of me. ^ Bard. Sir John, you are so fretful, you cannot live^**^'^*''' t^^ long. " ^JrjOL^.^ jr Fal. Why, there is it : come sing me a ^^^^O^song ; iV^^-*^*^ make me merry. I was as virtuously* given as a Jibi. ©l jZilj gentleman need to be ; virtuous enough ; swore ^.j^g^j^ ^ little ; diced not above seven times a week ; went ' to a bawdy-house not abov^'once in %^ quarter — of an hour; paid money that I -borrowed, three 20 / or four times ; lived well, and in ^DOOT ompass - Jy^ > ^ and now I live out of all order, out of all com- * pass. Bard. Why, you are so fat, Sir John, that you must needs be out of all compass, out of all reasonable compass, Sir John. FaL Do thou amend thy face, and I '11 amend my life : thou art our admiral^ thou bearest the lantern in Act HI. Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF the poop, but 'tis in the nose of thee ; thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp. 33 Bard. Why, Sir John, my face does you no harm. Fal. No, I '11 be sworn; I make as good use of^it as tc^ CAJtJUu many a man doth of a Death's-head or ^^^e-. tj^4, €7i0iJ Hiento mo ri : I never see thy face but I think ^'-'**^-*7**'**^pon hell-fire, and Dives that lived in purple ; T**^ ^^J) ^^^ there he is in his robes, burning, burning. ^^^^Oi^^*j If thou wert any way given to virtue, I would MA swear by thy face ; my oath should be, ' By this i^^zf^-^ W fire, that 's God's angel ' : but thou art altogether ' given over; and w^ert indeed, but for the lights in 40 thy face, the son of utter darkness. When thou rannest up Gadshill in the night to catch mv horse, .if I did not think thou hadst been anjgnjs , ^fiffij^r a ball of wildfire, the^'^o piircha^ ,>t/L in money. O, thou art a perpetuartriumpii,'''§n/ i^Pefio^^^ everlasting bonfire-ligrht ! Thou hast saved- me r^ a thousand marks i ^inks and torches, walking '*" ^ with thee in the night betwixt tavern and tavern : ^x,eU^rhandler's in Europe. I have maintained that to^^^f- salamander of vours with fire anv time this two c^o^t^-'^^j^ and thirty years ; God reward me for it ! tJ^^^^^ryBard. 'Sblood, I would my face were in your belly! ^4^^^^ Fal God-a-mercy! so should I be sure to be heart- f^^ZO> burned. "fjO^ Enter Hostess. ^^ *^ I How nowr Pame Partlet the hen ! have you in- ^^^-^^^^ quired yet who picked my pocket? Host. Why. Sir John, what do you think, Sir John ? KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. lii. do you think I keep thieves in my house? I 60 have searched, I have inquired, so has my hus- band, man by man, boy by boy, servant by serv- ant : the tithe of a hair was never lost in my house before. Fal. Ye He, hostess : Eardolph was shaved, and lost many a hair ; and I '11 be sworn my pocket was picked. Go to, you are a woman, go. Host. Who, I ? no ; I defy thee : God's light, I was never called so in mine own house before. Fal. Go to, I know you well enough. 70 Host. No, Sir John ; you do not know me, Sir John. I know you, Sir John : you owe me money, Sir John ; and now you pick a quarrel to beguile me of it : I bought you a dozen of shirts to your Fal. Dowlas, filthy dowms : I have given thema\vay jL^ ,tcjcQa to bakers' wives, and they have made bolte rsof ^ them. Host. Now, as I am a true woman, holland of eight shillings an ell. You owe monpyjie^e tx^ides^ So Sir John, for your diet and Dyannkmg s , anu ^/^"^^^^ money lent you, four and twenty pound. -v^co^Haa. Fal He had his part of it ; let him pay. /tUAot^^ Host. He ? alas, he is poor ; he hath nothing. Fal. How ! poor ? look upon his face ; what call you rich ? let him coin his nos^ let them ^om his cheeks • J 'h not pav at^mier. Wnaf, 'win yonf make a y ounk eroi me ? shall I not take mine ease in mine inn but I shall have my pocket picked? I have lost a seal-ring of my grand- 90 father's worth forty mark. 99 2-4- Act III. Sc. 111. THE FIRST PART OF Host. O Jesu, I have heard the prince tell him, I know not how oft, that thaj ring was copper^!, Fal. How ! the prince is a JacKTa SSSSLp: sblood, an he were here, I would cudgel him like a dog, if he would say so. Enter the Prince and Peto, marching, and Falstaif meets *hem playing on his truncheon like a fife. How now, lad ! is the wind in that door, i' faith ? must we all march ? ^ _ _ Bard. Yea, two and two, New gate fashion. loo ouA}t»/e^ost. My lord, I pray you, hear me. li^aSbL Prince. What sayest thou. Mistress Quickly? How ^MuJk0tP%» doth thy husband? I love him well; he is an i^*3m^6>'y**^ honest man. ' Host. Good my lord, hear me. FaL Prithee, let her alone, and list to me. Prince. What sayest thou, Jack ? FaL The other night I fell asleep here behind the arras, and had my pocket picked : this house is turned bawdy-house ; they pick pockets. no Prince. What didst thou lose. Jack ? Fal. Wilt thou believe me, Hal ? three or four bonds of forty pound a-piece, and a seal-ring of my grandfather's. Prince. A trifle, some eight-penny matter. Host. So I told him, my lord ; and T said I heard your grace say so : and, my lord, he speaks most vilely of you, like a foul-mouthed man as he is ; and said he would cudgel you. Prince. What ! he did not ? 120 100 KING HENRY IV. Act III. Sc. iiL Host. There 's neither faith, truth, nor womanhood in me else. /' Fal. There 's no more faith in thee than in a stewed (raH^ prune; nor no more truth in thee than in__a. .^a^A^tn-ifi^ 3 drawnjox; and for WQm^nhood^^Maid Marian J^^(jUf^^Unx may be the def u^^^ ^i^' ot^H^^ ^o thee. ^^j^j^^^^^/K Go, you thing; go. , Q, aix^ ^iaZcM^ Host. Say, what thing? what thing? "'^-'^^^^^^^J) J^. Fal. What thing! why, a thing to thank God on. ^uJLp ^Ct/ Host. I am no thing to thank God on, I would thou 130 shouldst know it; I am an honest man's wife: and, setting thy knighthood aside, thou art a knave to call me so. Fal. Setting thy womanhood aside, thou art a beast C to say otherwise. sT ^: Host. Say, what beast, thou knave, thou? ^ "^ ,c,FaL What beast! why, an otter "^tii^. Prince. An otter. Sir John! why an otter? ^v ^pgj^ Why, she 's neither fish nor flesh ; a man knows j^ 'o ^ not where to have her, 140 fAost. Thou art an unjust man in saying so: thou or any man knows where to have me, thou knave, thou! Prince. Thou sayest true, hostess; and he slanders thee most grossly. Host. So he dothvpu, my lord; and said this other day you ou^u him a thousand pound. Prince. Sirrah, do I owe you a thousand pound? Fal. A thousand pound, Hal! a million: thy love is worth a million: thou owest me thy love. 150 Host. Nay, my lord, he called you Jack, and said he would cudgel you. lOI Act III. Sc. iii. THE FIRST PART OF Fal Did I, Bardolph? Bard. Indeed, Sir John, you said so. Fai. Yea, if he said my ring was copper. Prince. I say 'tis copper: darest thou be as good as thy word now? Fal. Why, Hal, thou knowest, as thou art but man, I dare: but as thou art prince, I fear thee as I fear the roaring of the Hon's whelp. i6o Prince. And why not as the lion? Fal. The king himself is to be feared as the lion: dost thou think I '11 fear thee as I fear thy father ? nay, an I do, I pray God my girdle break. Prince. O, if it should, how would thy guts fall about thy knees! But, sirrah, there's no room for faith, truth, nor honesty in this bosom of thine; it is all filled up with guts and midriff. Charge an honest woman \\ath pickiiigth^- pocket! why, thou whoreson, impudent,'S^Spssea rascal, 1 70 if there were anything in thy pocket but tavern- reckonings, memorandums of bawdy-houses, and one poor penny-worth of sugar-candy to make thee long-winded, if thy pocket were en- riched with any other injuries but these, I am a villain: and yet you will stand to it; you will not pocket up wrong: art thou not ashamed? Fal. Dost thou hear, Hal? thou knowest in the state of innocency Adam fell; and what should poor Jack Falstaff do in the days of villany? Thou 180 seest I have more flesh than another man; and therefore more frailty. You confess then, you picked my pocket? Prince, It appears so by the story. 102 KING HENRY IV. • Act III. Sc. iii. Fal Hostess, I forgive thee : go, make ready break- fast • love thy husband, look to thy servants, cherish thy guests: thou shalt find me ^ra^He^ to any honest reason : thou seest I am pmnm^ still Nay, prithee, be gone. [Exit Hostess.] Now, Hal, to the news at court : for the rob- 190 bery, lad, how is that answered? Prince. O, my sweet beef, I must still be good angel to thee : the money is paid back agam. Fal. O, I do not like that paying back ; 'tis a double labour. Prince. I am good friends with my father, and may do any thing. Fal. Rob me the e.xchequer^figt thing thou doest, and do it_\ vit^?miv^hMhaM Bard. Do, my lord. ^°° Prince. I have procured thee, Jack, a charge of foot. Fal I would it had been of horse. Where shall I find one that can steal well? O for a fine thief of the age of two and twenty or thereabouts! I am heinously unprovided. Well, God be thanked for these rebels, they offend none but the virtuous : I laud them, I praise them. Prince. Bardolph! Bard. My lord? Prince. Go bear this letter to Lord John of Lancaster, 210 to my brother John; this to my Lord of West- moreland. [Exit Bardolph.] Go, Peto, to horse, to horse ; for thou and I have thirty miles to ride yet ere dinner time. [Exit Peto.] Jack, meet me to-morrow in the Temple hall at two o'clock in the afternoon. 103 Act IV. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF There shall thou know thv cl>ar^e, and there receive Money ^^,orxler^v their ^xS^V^"^ - -^^"^ The land is ^fnmg ; T^^rcy stands on high ; And either we or they must lower lie. [Exit. 220 Fal. Rare words ! brave world ! Hostess, my breakfast, O, I could wish this tavern were my drum! [Exit. ACT FOURTH, tf^:^^^^. Scene I. The rgheljamp near Shrewsbury. Enter Hotspur, Worcester, and Douglas. Hot. Well said, my noble Scot : if speaking truth In this fine age were not thought flattery. Such attribution should the Douglas have. As not a soldier of this season's stamp Should go so general current through the world. By God, I cannot flatter ; I do defy The tongues of soothers ; but a braver place In my heart's love hath no man than yourself : Nay, task me to my word ; approve me, lord. Doug. Thou art the king of honour : 10 No man so potent breathes upon the ground But I will beard him. Hot. Do so, and 'tis well. Enter a Messenger ivith letters. What letters hast thou here ? — I can but thank you. Mess. These letters come from your father. 104 KING HENRY IV. Act IV. Sc. i. Hot. Letters from him! why comes he not himself? Mess, He cannot come, my lord; he is grievous sick. Hot. 'Zounds! how has he the leisure to be sick In such a justling time? Who leads his power? Under whose government come they along? Mess. His letters bear his mind, not I, my lord. 20 Wor. I prithee, tell me, doth he keep his bed? Mess. He did, my lord, four days ere I set forth; And at the time of my departure thence He was much fear'd by his physicians. Wor. I would the state of time had first been whole, Ere he by sickness had been visited: His health was never better worth than now. Hot. Sick now! droop now! this sickness doth infect The very life-blood of our enterprise; 'Tis catching hither, even to our camp. 30 He writes me here, that inward sickness — And that his friends by deputation could not So soon be drawn, nor did he think it meet To lay so dangerous and dear a trust On any soul removed but on his own. Yet doth he give us bold advertisement, That with our small conjunction we should on, To see how fortune is disposed to us; For, as he writes, there is no quailing now, Because the king is certainly possess'd 40 Of all our purposes. What say you to it? Wor. Your father's sickness is a maim to us. Hot. A perilous gash, a very limb lopp'd off: And yet, in faith, it is not; his present want Seems more than we shall find it : were it good To set the exact wealth of all our states 105 Act IV. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF All at one cast? to set so rich a main On the nice hazard of one doubtful hour? It were not good; for therein should we read The very bottom and the soul of hope, 50 The very Hst, the very utmost bound Of all our fortunes. Doug. Faith, and so we should; Where now remains a sweet reversion: We may boldly spend upon the hope of what Is to come in: A comfort of retirement lives in this. Hot. A rendezvous, a home to f\y unto, If that the devil and mischance look big Upon the maidenhead of our affairs. Wor. But yet I would your father had been here. 60 The quality and hair of our attempt Brooks no division: it will be thought By some, that know not why he is away, That wisdom, loyalty and mere dislike Of our proceedings kept the earl from hence: And think how such an apprehension May turn the tide of fearful faction, And breed a kind of question in our cause; For well you know we of the offering side Must keep aloof from strict arbitrement, 70 And stop all sight-holes, every loop from whence The eye of reason may pry in upon, us : This absence of your father's draws a curtain. That shows the ignorant a kind of fear Before not dreamt of. Hot. You strain too far. I rather of his absence make this use: 106 KING HENRY IV. Act IV. Sc. i. It lends a lustre and more great opinion, A larger dare to our great enterprise, Than if the earl were here; for men must thmk, If we without his help can make a head eo To push against a kingdom, with his help We shall o'erturn it topsy-turvy down, Yet all goes well, yet all our joints are whole. Dou^. As heart can think: there is not such a word Spoke of in Scotland as this term of fear. Enter Sir Richard Vernon. Hot. My cousin Vernon! welcome, by my soul. Ver Pray God my news be worth a welcome, lord. 'The Earl of Westmoreland, seven thousand strong, Is marching hitherwards ; with him Prmce John. Hot. No harm: what more? y^^ And further, I have learn d, 90 ' The king himself in person is set forth. Or hitherwards intended speedily, With strong and mighty preparation. Hot He shall be welcome too. Where is his son, The nimble-footed madcap Prince of Wales And his comrades, that daff'd the world aside And bid it pass? y^^ All furnish'd, all in arms; * M\ plumed Hke estridges that wing the wind; Baited like eagles having lately bathed; - Glittering in golden coats, like images; As full of spirit as the month of May, And gorgeous as the sun at midsummer; Wanton as youthful goats, wild as young bulls. I saw young Harry, with his beaver on, 107 ICX) Act IV. Sc. i. THE FIRST PART OF His cuisses on his thighs, gallantly arm'd, Rise from the ground like feather'd Mercury, And vaulted with such ease into his seat, As if an angel dropp'd down from the clouds, • To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus, And witch the world with noble horsemanship, no Hot. No more, no more: worse than the sun in March, This praise doth nourish agues. Let them come; They come like sacrifices in their trim, And to the fire-eyed maid of smoky war All hot and bleeding will we offer them: The mailed Mars shall on his altar sit Up to the ears in blood. I am on fire To hear this rich reprisal is so nigh And yet not ours. Come, let me taste my horse. Who is to bear me like a thunderbolt 120 Against the bosom of the Prince of Wales: Harry to Harry shall, hot horse to horse, Meet and ne'er part till one drop down a corse. that Glendower were come! Ver. There is more news: 1 learn'd in Worcester, as I rode along. He cannot draw his power this fourteen days. • Doug. That's the worst tidings that I hear of yet. Wor. Ay, by my faith, that bears a frosty sound. Hot. What may the king's whole battle reach unto? Ver. To thirty thousand. Hot. Forty let it be: 130 My father and Glendower being both away, The powers of us may serve so great a day. Come, let us take a muster speedily: Doomsday is near; die all, die merrily. 108 KING HENRY IV. Act IV. Sc. ii. Dong. Talk not of dying : I am out of fear Of death or death's hand for this one half year. [Exeunt. ^^.y^^^ ^^^' yStiMi s^ A^Jmhlic road near Coventry, Enter Falstaff and Bardolph. FaL Bardolph, get thee before to Coventry; fill me n a bottle of sack : our soldiers shall march o^ through ; we '11 to Sutton Co'fil' to-night. yjjkfj^^^j^cii^d. Will you give me money, captain ? Fal. Lay out, lay out. . ^. Bard. This bottle makes an angel. ^ FaL An if it do, take it for thy labour ; an if it make Ix^^ . twenty, take them all ; I '11 answer the coinage. oy^j^^ Bid my lieutenant Peto meet me at town's end. Bard. I will, captain : farewell. [Exit. lo Fal. If I be not ashamed of my soldiers, I am a\ kucz/ P .< soused gurnet. I have misused the king's press i ^^^/^^^^v damnably. I have got, in exchange of a hun- ^aQ^dt^y^ dred and fifty soldiers, three hundred and odd ^^ 7^ , pounds. I press me none but good householders, \^^£^t. panics, slaves as ragged as Lazarus in th e painted ^n clot li,, where the glutton's dogs licked his sores ;^^^p"^^g^ and such as indeed were never soldiers, but diS'-'^-^^'^jP C\ carded unjust serving-men, younger sons to "' younger brothers, revolted tapsters, and ostlers- trade-fallen ; the cankers of a calm world and a long peace, ten times more dishonourable ragged UOU^f- than an old facea ancient : and such have I, to fill > 6cu(MJjS^V ^^ rooms of them that have bought out their /Tqv ^ services, that you would think that I had a hun- ^ ^ dred and fifty tattered prodigals lately come from ry7'a/f. fall off, grow thinner; (Folios, "a. all to-night"); IV. ii. 60 . y^y, ivhenf canst tell?' pro v^ verbial phrase V scorn; II. i. 42. U^Back; "turned back," i.e. turned their back, fled; I. ii. - 193- ly Back, mount ; II. iii. 74. .BaMe, "originally a punish- ^ ment of infamy, inflicted on recreant knights, one part of which was hanging them up by the heels " (Nares) ; I. ii. 108. \y Bagpipe; " the Lincolnshire b.," a favourite instrument in Lincolnshire ; a proverbial expression ; I. ii. 82. Baited, v. Note ; IV. i. 99. ^^^alk'd, heaped, piled up (" balk " = " ridge," common ^ in Warwickshire) ; I. i. 69. ^Ballad-mongers, contemptuous name for "ballad-makers"; III. i. 130. t^^Bands, bonds; III. ii. I57- Banish' d, lost, exiled (Collier MS. "tarnish'd") ; I. iii. 181. II. iv. 30. III. iii. 2. Battle, armed force, army; IV. i. 129. expressing \^avin, brushwood, soon burn- ing out; III. ii. 61. iJ^Bears hard, feels deeply; I. iii. 270. Beaver, properly the lower part of the helmet (marked X in accompanying illustration), as distinguished from the visor or upper part. Often used of the whole helmet; IV. i. 104. Helmet with visor thrown up and beaver down, i. e. in its natural posi- tion. From Douce's Illustrations of Shakespeare. i.?8 KING HENRY IV. Glossary \::''^ecome, adorn, do credit to ; II. iv. 531. L'^^eguiling, cheating*., robbing ; III. i. 189. C^^cldani, aged grandmother ; III. i. 32. ^■"-^cside, beyond; III. i. 179. Bestride me, defend me by standing over my body ; V. i. 122. B'ide, abide, endure ; IV. iv. 10.' "^/^lue-caps, " a name of ridicule given to the Scots from their blue bonnets " ; II. iv. 379. i-'^^Bolters, sieves for meal; III. iii. 77. t^:f>^olting-liutch, a bin into which meal is bolted; II. iv. 480. I — "Lombard, a large leathern ves- sel for holding liquors ; II. iv. 482. (Illustration in The /^^^ Tempest.) ^-'^'^ Bombast; originally cotton used as stuffing for clothes; II. iv. 347. BonHre-light, fire kindled in the open air (originally, a bone-fire : Quarto i, " bone- fire light"; Quarto 2, " bon- ■fire light"; Quartos 3, 4, " bone-ftre light " ; the rest " Bone-nre-light"); III. iii. 46. _ ^"""^^Book, indentures ; III. i. 224. {/^Bootless, without profit or ad- vantage ; III. i. 67. t^^^'Boots, booty; with play upon the literal sense of " boots " ; ^ II. i.90. L^ Bosom, secret thoughts, confi- dence ; I. iii. 266. ^^; L>^^ ^-^r. \^ '" Bots, small worms ; II. i. 10. ^^ottom, low-lying land, valley ; III. i. 105. rack, a female hound ; III. i. 240. ^^'Brave, fine ; I. ii. 69. rawn, mass of flesh ; II. iv. 120. Kl^^Sreak zvith, broach the subject to ; III. i. 144. reathe, take breath (Folios 2, 3. 4, "break") ; II. iv. 17. ^nrcathed, paused to take breath ; I. iii. 102. Breiuer's horse' ; a disputed point, probably equivalent to malt-horse, a term of con- tempt for a dull heavy beast ; III. iii. 10. Brief, letter, short writing; IV. iv. I. l>B^ring in,' the call for more wine ; I. ii. 40. i/^isk, smart ; I. iii. 54. ^-"Bruising; " b. arms," probably arms cramping and bruising the wearers ; III. ii. 105. ram, coarse linen stiffened with glue; I. ii. 189. ^-^uffets; " go to b." = come to blows; II. iii. 35. , '^Jiwff jerkin, a jacket of buff- leather, worn by sheriffs' offi- cers ; I. ii. 46. timing, alight with war; III. iii. 219. Busky, bosky (Quarto i, "bulky"); V.i.2. '^By-drinkings, drinks at odd times, betv/een meals ; III. iii. 81. \y^ucki l^Bi 139 Glossary THE FIRST PART OF {y^By God, soft"; an exclama- ^^ates, delicacies; III. i. 163. / tion (Folios, "soft, I pray ye ") ; II. i. 39- \M^^addis- garter, garter made of worsted ribbon ; II. iv. 78. Ca7?V^;-j corruption of caliber, a light kind of musket ; IV. ii.20. ^■^andy, sugared, sweet ; I. iii. 251. i^^Canker, dog-rose, wild rose ; I. iii. 176. Cavil, quarrel, find fault ; III. i. 140. *^ess, measure ; II. i. 7. Changing, exchanging; I. iii. lOI. *^^Charge, cost, expense, I. i. 35, III. i. 112; baggage, II. i. 50; command, II. iv. 582. ^Charles' ivain, the Great Bear ; II. i. 2. ^^dhat, chatter; I. iii. 65. L^Canker^d, venomous, malig- \yCheap; "as good c," as good nant ; I. iii. 137. Cankers, canker-worms ; IV. ii. 31. L^Canstick, old spelling and pro- nunciation of candlestick (Folios, '' candlestick ") ; III. i-i3i- X^Cantle, piece (Quartos, "scan- i^hristen. Christian (Quartos 5 tie") ; III. i. 100. ' Cap and knee,' doffing of cap and bending of knee; IV. iii. ythuffs, churlish misers, II 68. \y^Capering, leaping, skipping (Quarto i, " capring" \ the , rest "carping") ; III. ii. 62,21\/ciap fo, shut; II. iv. 296. '^Capital, principal; Ill.ii. no. ^'^Clipp'd in, enclosed, encircled; K^ Capitulate, form a league; III. ii. 120. Carbonado, meat cut across to be broiled ; V. iii. 60. i^arded, v. Note ; III. ii. 62. \yl^!art, vehicle in which a crimi- nal was borne to execution ; II. iv. 531- \y'Case ye, mask your faces ; II. \y >i. 54. SyCaterpillars, men who feed up- £omiit-niaker, confectioner; on the wealth of the country ; II. ii. 86. a bargain ; III. iii. 50. Chewet, chough, probably jack- daw (used generally in sense of mince-pie) ; V. i. 29. U?fwps, mass of flesh resem- bling meat; a term of con- tempt; I. ii. 144. 6. 7, 8, " Christian " ; omitted in Folios) ; II. iv. 8. Cital, mention, citation ; V. ii. / 62. III. i. 44. Close, grapple, hand to hand fight ; I. i. 13. Cloudy men, men with cloudy ; looks ; III. ii. 83. i^ock, cockcrow ; II. i. 19. Colour, give a specious appear- ance to; I. iii. 109. ^^olt, befool ; II. ii. 39. l^Come near me, hit me; I. ii. 14. jn. i. 253. I/Commodity, supply ; I. ii. 89. KING HENRY IV. Glossary L-''^Vommon-hackney'd, ised; III. ii. 40. "ommonzvealtli, used blingly; II. i. 88. vulgar-V-'CoM.yzw, kinsman ; I. iii. 292, \,JSiSzeners, deceivers (used quib- blingly) ; I. iii. 255. quib- ^^-^oninnmity, commonness, fre quency ; III. ii. 77. ^-'Comparative, " a dealer m com- parisons, one who affects wit"; III. ii. 67. t^^<=^ — , full of comparisons ; I. ii. 86. ^^ Compass; "in good c." with- in reasonable limits ; III. iii. 22. l^^oncealments, secrets of na- ture; III. i. 167. i^^ondition, natural disposition; I. iii. 6. i'^onduct, escort; III. i. 92. ..^'Confound, spend, wear away; I. iii. 100. Conjunction, assembled force ; L^ IV.i'.37. Contagious, baneful; I. ii. 208. Contracted, engaged to be mar- ried; IV. ii. 16. [Corinthian, spirited fellow ; II. iv. 12. i^^orpse, corpses (Quarto i and Folios I, 2, " corpes 43. Correction, punishment; V. i. III. L^orrival, rival, competitor ; I. iii. 207. i^'Couching, couchant, lying down (the heraldic term) ; III. i. 153. Countenance, patronage, with play upon literal sense of wordrT. ii. 32 ;^anction, III. ii. 65 ; bearing, V. i. 69. l^Cranking, winding, bending; III. i. 98. ^r^ressets, open lamps or burn- ers, set up as beacons, or car- ried on poles; III. i. 15. From a specimen preserved in the Tower of London. ni. curled, rippled ; I. contradictions; III ^-erisp, 106. ) ; I. i. i\^r OS sings, i. 36. Crozvn, enthrone; III. i. 217. ^Crystal button, generally worn upon the jerkin of vintners; II. iv. 76. Cuckoo's bird, the young of the cuckoo ; V. i. 60. Cuisses, armour for the thighs (Quartos and Folios, " cushes") ; IV. i. 105. ^^ulverin, a kind of cannon; II. iii. 56. 141 Glossary THE FIRST PART OF ^'■"'"'^CurbSj restrains, holds in check; III. i. 171. \y^ut, the name of a horse ; II. i- 5- Daif'd, put aside, doffed (Quar- tos and FoHos " daft");lY. 196. ^'^amm'd, stopped up, enclosed (Quartos i, 2, 6 and Folios, " danind") ; III. i. loi. Dangerous, indicating danger; V. i. 69. '\^Dank, damp ; II. i. 8. Dare, daring ; IV. i. 78. Daventry, a town in North- amptonshire ; commonly pro- nounced " Dahntry " (Quar- tos 1-5, " Dauintry " ; Quar- tos 6, 7, 8, " Daintry," etc.) ; IV. ii. 50. Dear, eagerly desired, urgent, l^- i- 33 ; worthy, valued, IV. iv. 31- ^^^~Dearest, best ; III. i. 182. Defend, forbid ; IV. iii. 38. Defy, renounce, abjure^^I. iii. 228 ; despise, IV. i. 6. Deliver, report ; V. ii. 26. 4 ^^eliver'd, related, reported ; I. m. 26. ly Denier, the smallest coin, the tenth part of a penny; III. iii. 87. y^Deyiy, refuse; I. iii. 29. Deputation; "in d.," as depu- ties ; IV. iii. 87. l^Deputy of the ward, local po- y lice ofificer ; III. iii. 126. ^ Devil rides upon a fiddle-stick, a proverbial expression, probably derived from the puritanic denunciation of music, and meaning, " here 's much ado about nothing"; llAv. 521. (See Notes.) Revised, untrue, forged ; III. ii. 23. Discarded, dismissed ; IV. ii. 28. Discontents, malcontents; V. i. 76. ^-"iMsdain'd, disdainful; I. iii. 183. Dislike, discord, dissension ; V. i. 26. '^disputation, conversation ; III. J. 206. "^^istempcrature, disorder ; III. V^ivide myself, cut myself in half; II. iii. 35. \^i'^ision, modulation ; III. i, 211. Doff, put off; V. i. 12. ^^^oubt, suspect, fear; I. ii. 191. ty'Dozulas, a kind of coarse linen ; III. iii. 76. Draff, refuse of food, given to swine ; IV. ii. 37. Drawn, gathered together, col- ^^^ected; IV. i. 33- ' Draimi Fox, " a fox scented and driven from cover ; such a one being supposed to be full of tricks "; III. iii. 125. Draws, draws back; IV. i. 73. Dread, awful, terrible ; V. i. III. \J/ Drench, mixture of bran and Avater ; II. iv. 117. yvrone, " the largest tube of the bagpipe, which emits a hoarse sound resembling that of the drone bee " ; I. ii. 82. 142 KING HENRY IV. Glossary ^■^rowzed, looked sleepily; III. ii. 8i. L'^rum, an allusion probably to the enlisting of soldiers the beating of the drum; hence, perhaps, rallying point; III. iii. 223. I -Durance, a strong material of which prisoners' clothes were made ; called also " everlast- ing " ; used quibblingly ; I. ii. 47- Duties, (?) dues, (?) homage; V. ii. 56. '^ Eastcheap, a " cheap " or mar- ket, in the east of London, noted for its eating-houses and taverns; I. ii. 138. t^^cce signum, here 's the proof ; ^^^11. iv. 182. ^"■"""Embossed, swoolen : III. iii. 170. Emhowell'd, i.e. for embalm- ing; V. iv. 109. L-'-'^ifeoff'd himself, gave him- self up entirely (Quartos 6, 7, 8, " enforc't") ; III. ii. 69. Engaged, detained as hostage (Pope, "encaged") ; IV. iii. 95- ^'"Engross up, amass {up, inten- sive) (Quartos i, 2, and Fo- lios, " up " ; the rest, " my ") ; III. ii. 148. (-"Enlarged, set free; III. ii. 115. Enlargement, escape ; III. i. 31. Entertain, pass peaceably ; V. i.' 24- Envy, malice, enmity ; V. ii. 67. \ / Equity, justice, fairness; II. ii. ^ 103. ■^sperance, the motto of the Percy family, and their bat- tle-cry; II. iii. 74. hy^^^stimation, conjecture; I. iii. ^^272. ^KEstridges, ostriches; IV. i. 98. Even, modestly, prudently; I. iii. 285. i^Ex halations, meteors; II. iv. 340- ^'Expectation, promise; II. iii. 20. ^ -Expedience, expedition; I. i. 33. l-^'e of death, look of deadly terror; I. iii. 143. Face, trim, set off ; V. i. 74. lector, agent; III. ii. 147. t^tl off, prove faithless; I. iii. ^'rather, father-in-law ; III. i. ^'"^thom-line, lead line; I. iii. 204. ^at room, probably "vat- room" ; II. iv. I. /Fat-zvitted, heavy witted, dull ; I. ii. 2. I ^-'FWi'oiu's, a scarf or glove given by a lady to her knight, V. iv. 96; features (Hanmer " favour "= face) ', perhaps " decorations usually worn ^^by knights in their helmets," III. ii. 136. Fear'd, feared for ; IV. i. 24. ^^Fettrfully, in fear ; I. iii. 105. \,^Fe€n-s, the objects of our fears; I. iii. 87. l\,^^eds; " f. him." i.e. feeds him- self; III. ii. 180. 143 Glossary \y^eeling, carried on by touch, with play upon the word (Folios 2, 3, 4, ''feeble"); III. i. 206. i^ Fellow, neighbour, companion ; 11. ii. III. yrern-seed; " the receipt of f.," i.e. the receipt for gathering fern-seed; according to pop- ular superstition these seeds were invisible, and any one who could gather them was himself rendered invisible ; ..II.i.QS. Figures, shapes created by the imagination ; I. iii. 209. ^^Finshury, the common resort of citizens, just outside the , walls; III. i. 257. Fleece, plunder them ; II. ii. 88. Flesh' d, stained with blood; V. / iv. 133. V Flocks, tufts of wool; II. i. 6. L-Fobbed, cheated ; tricked (Quartos 7, 8, "snub'd")', I.ii.65. l>Foil, tinsel on which a jewel is set to enhance its brilliancy (Quartos 4, 5. 6, 7. 8, and Folios, " soile ") ; I. ii. 225. y'^^-<^oot, foot-soldiers, infantry ; II. iv. 582. iJ^oot land-rakers, foot-pads (Quartos " footland rak- ers"; Folios, " Footland- Rakers") ; II. i. 80. ^Forced, compelled by whip and spur; Ill.i. 135. Foul, bad (Folio 2, " soure"; Folios 3, 4, " sowre") ', V. i. 8. THE FIRST PART OF ^•Found; " f. me," folmd me out, discovered my weak- ness; I. iii. 3. \^'Pour by the day, four o'clock in the morning; II. i. i. ^■'^'amed, planned, composed ; III. i. 123. ^^ranklin, freeholder or yeo- man ; II. i. 59. ^rets, used equivocally for (i.) chafes, and (ii.) wears out;' ^II.ii.2. From, away from; III. ii. 31. i^Front, confront; II. ii. 61. Frontier, forehead, brow ; I. iii. Y Frontiers, outworks ; II. iii. 55. Full of rest, thoroughly rested; IV. iii. 27. ^-^urniture, furnishing, equip- ment; III. iii. 218. ^-^^dshill; a hill two miles northwest of Rochester on the Canterbury Road ; a well- known resort of highway- men; I. ii. 133. i^a^ge, engage, pledge; I. iii. 173. (^ait, walk, pace ; III. i. 135. Gall, annoy ; I. iii. 229. ^Garters, an allusion to the Or- der of the Garter ; " He may hang himself in his own gar- ters," was an old proverbial ) saying; II, ii. 46. ^^^elding, horse ; II. i. 38. , taking away from ; III. Gib cat, old tom cat ; I. ii. 80. Gilliams, another form of Wil- liams ; II. iii. 68. 144 KING HENRY IV. Glossary Given, inclined, disposed; III. iii. i6. tJ^od save the mark!' a depre- \.^^alf-szvord, close fight; II. iv catory exclamation ; I. iii. 56. ^-^oodman, grandfather; 11. iv. 102. ^^Good morrow, good movmng •X.^-fturdiment, bravery, bold en- 11. iv. 559. counter; I. iii. loi. ^-"^"Xjood night,' an exclamation {.^Mrrre, "flesh of hare was sup- expressing desperate resigna- posed to generate melan- tion {cp. the use of buona choly " ; I. ii. 83. notte among the Italians to Harlotry, vixen; III. i. 199. this day) ; I. iii. 194. '^^arlotry players, vagabond (or Half-moon, the name of a room in the tavern; II. iv. 30. U< •179- Happy ma:i be his dole,' hap- piness be his portion ; a pro- verbial expression ; II. ii. 78. i>^Garbellied, big-bellied; II. ii. 91. Government ; "good g.," self- control, used quibblingly, I. ]i. 31 ; command, IV. i. 19. ^'^'^race, service, honour, III. i. 182. L'^-'^race ; " the Archbishop's grace, of York," i.e. his Grace the Archbishop of York; III. ii. 119. L^'^randam, grandmother; III. i. 34- I^^Crapple, wrestle, struggle; I. iii. 197. Grief, physical pain; I. iii. 51; V. i. 133. Griefs, grievances ; IV. iii. 42. Gull, unfledged bird ; V. i. 60. l^^A^-^Wnmed; " g. velvet," i.e. stiff- ened with gum; II. ii. 2. Gyves, fetters ; IV. ii. 43. strolling) players; II. iv. li.,^-422. Harness, armour, armed men ; III. ii. loi. *-fTead, armed force (used quibblingly) ; I. iii. 284. ^-^^ade head," raised an armed force ; III. i. 64. Head of safety, protection in an armed force; IV. iii. 103. Hearken' d for, longed for ; V. iv. 52. ^^-fTeavenly-harness'd team, the car and horses of Phoebus, the sun-god; III. i. 221. ' Hem, an exclamation of en- couragement ; II. iv. 18. Herald's coat, tabard, or sleeve- less coat, still worn by her- alds ; IV. ii. 47. ^Jest, behest, command; II. iii. Hind, boor; II. iii. 17. *"* — TTabits, garments; I. ii. 184. ^"^itherto, to this spot ; III. i. 74. Hair, peculiar quality, nature, t^^ old in, restrain themselves; character; IV. i. 61. . II. i. 84. ^■""fTalf-fac'd, half-hearted; I. iii.L<77o/rf me pace, keep pace with 208. me; III. i. 49. 145 Glossary \,.''fToly-rood day, fourteenth of September; I. i. 52. ^^-""flome, " to pay home," i.e. ^thoroughly, fully ; I. iii. 288. /Homo; "'homo' is a common name to all men," a quota- tion from the Latin gram- mars of the time ; 11. i. 103. ^-^"nopes, anticipations ; I. ii. 221. \y Horse, horses; II. i. 3. U^^ot in question, earnestly dis- cussed ; I. i. 34. ^Hue and cry, a clamour in pur- suit of a thief; II. iv. 542. ^'^''^ timorous, capricious ; III. i. X^ Humours, caprices ; II. iv. loi ; II. iv. 480. Hurlyburly, tumultuous ; V. i. 78. L-^ifyhla; " honey of H." (so Quartos, but Folios, " honey," omitting " of H.") ; three towns of Sicily bore this name, and one of them was famed for its honey; I. ii. 45. Hydra, the many-headed ser i^. THE FIRST PART OF ^"Tmpeach, accuse, reproach ; 1. iii. 75- \i.J^tpressed, pressed, compelled to fight ; I. i. 21. Tident, indentation ; III. i. 104. , bargain, compound with, make an indenture ; I. iii. 87. Indentures tripartite, triple agreement, i.e. " drawn up in three corresponding copies " ; III. i. 80. Indirect, wrong, out of the di- rect course, wrongful ; IV. iii. 105. If^nduction, beginning ; III. i. 2. Injuries, wrongs ; V. i. 50. Intelligence, intelligencers, in- formers ; IV. iii. 98. ^-'intemperance, excesses, want of moderation (Folios, '' in- tetnperature ") ; III. ii. 156. Intended, intending to march (Collier MS., " intendeth") ; IV. i. 92. ^^^iterchangeably, mutually (each person signing all the documents) ; III. i. 81. pent killed iv. 25. by t^' Ignis fatuus,' Will o' the wisp ; III. iii. 43- Ignomy, dishonour (Quartos i, 2, 3, 8, Folios 3, 4, "ig- nominy," so Cambridge Ed., the rest "ignomy") ; V. iv. 100. \.^-^fnimask, mask, conceal ; I. ii. Jmpawn'd, pledged, left as host age ; IV. iii. 108. -./ Hercules; Y.^ interest to, claim to; III. ^^-regular, lawless ; I. i. 40. yitem, " a separate article, or particular, used in enumera- tion," originally meant " like- wise, also " ; II. iv. 570. Ir^teration, " damnable itera- tion," " a wicked trick of re- peating and applying holy texts" (Johnson); I. ii. 97. Jack, frequently used as a term of contempt; II. iv. 12.. KING HENRY IV. Glossary i'^oined-stool, a sort of folding I Lend me thy hand, help me; II. chair; II. iv. 406. L iv^2. Journey-hated, exhausted by ^"t^ him, let him go; I. i.gi. Jlieir long march ; IV. iii. 26. fl,J.^ef^st slip, let'st loose (the limps, agrees; I. ii. 74. Jiistling, busy; IV. i. 18. H/A^endal green, a woollen cloth made at Kendal, Westmore- land; II. iv. 237. W^r^TT^welt ; I. iii. 244. living Christen, Christian king (Folios, "in C h r i s t e n- dome") ; II. i. 18. K nazes, becomes conscious IV. iii. 74. L^aek-brain, emptyheaded fel- low ; II. iii. 17. Lag-end, latter end ; V. i. 24. \_^l'€ry^'by, the words used by highwaymen to their victims; properly a nautical term, ^ "slacken sail"; I. ii. 39. Leaden, having a leaden sheath ; II. iv. 407. Leading; " great 1.," well- generalship ; IV. iii. I.ii II. known 17. l^^iirnn', scanty ; I. ii. 79. l^.^JrTfUptng-houses, brothels 10. ^-^^eash, three in a string ; iv. 7. [/^Leathern jerkm, a garment gen- erally worn by tapsters; IL iv. 76. * — "Keave; "good leave." full pcr- mission^TT'iii. 20; "give us leave," a courteous form of dismissal, III. ii. i. 'Leg, obeisance ; II. iv. 414. V greyhound) ; I. iii. 278. Libertine (Capell's emendation of Quartos i, 2. 3, 4, " a lih- ertie " ; Quarto 5, etc., " at lihertie"; Collier MS., "of liberty ") ; V. ii. y2. Ufef^, lodges ; I. ii. 137. Lieve, lief, willingly; IV. ii. 18. --tirgJTted, alighted ; I. i. 6^. oi;L,'J^ing; "in some 1.," in good ^condition; III. iii. 6. LAue, rank; III. ii. 85. yLine, strengthen; II. iii. 86. l_SJirirs, torches carried in the streets before lamps were irt- troduced ; III. iii. 47. f^si^quored, made waterproof ; II. i-93. List, limit; IV. i. 51. Kj^gerheads, blockheads ; II. iv. 4. ^■*ifongstatf; " long-staff six- penny strikers," fellows who infested the roads with long- staffs, and knocked men down for sixpence ; II. i. 81. Look big, look threateningly ; IV. i. 58. L>Lrrgged bear, a bear led through the streets by a rope tied round its head; I. ii. 80. Mad, madcap, merry ; IV. ii. 38. " Maid Marian,'' a character in the Morris Dances, originally Robin Hood's mistress, often personated by a man dressed 147 Glossary as a woman ; III, {Cp. illustration.) in. 12 From a black-letter ballad of the XVIIth century. Main, a stake at gaming; IV. i.47. Maintenance, carriage; V. iv. 22. Major, probably used for "ma- jor premiss," with a play upon " major " = '' mayor " ; II. iv. 530. ^--"'^ajority, pre-eminence; III. ii. 109. ^ THE FIRST PART OF 5: \J(fammets, puppets; II. iii.gs, \0Manage, direction ; II. iii. 52. \^^;^4€>iner; " taken with the m.," i.e. taken in the act ; a law term (captiis cum manuo- ^.PS^O ; Il.iv. 335. rsManningtree, a place in Essex where the " Moralities " were acted ; during the fair held there an ox was roasted ^^ole; II. iv. 483. ^^^ark, a coin worth thirteen shillings and f ourpence ; II. i. 60. ^■MnV^ed. heeded, observed; I. ii. 92. Master'd, possessed, owned ; V. \.;/Ma: y\ Makest tender of, hast regard for ; V. iv. 49. Make up, go forward, advance ; V.iv.5. ^'■'iCfalevolent, hostile, an astro- logical term; I. i. 97. t-Malt-zi'onns, " mustachio pur- ple-hued malt-worms," i.e. ale-topers ; those who dip their mustachios so deeply and perpetually in liquor as to stain them purple-red; II. i.82. 64. asters; " my m.," a familiar title of courtesy used even to ijiferiors ; II. iv. 536. ean, means ; I. iii. 261. \,tJ^fedicines, alluding to the com- mon belief in love-potions ; II. ii. 19. {^.JrfeJancJwly as a cat,' an old proverbial expression ; I. ii. 80. Make against, oppose; V. i. 103. ^i^Teniento mori, a ring upon the stone of which a skull and cross-bones were engraved, commonly worn as a re- minder of man's mortality ; J III. iii. 35. ^lercy, " I cry you mercy," I beg your pardon ; I. iii. 212. \^,y^erliyi, the old magician of the Arthurian legends ; III. i, 150. y^l^icher, truant, thief (moocher, a truant; a blackberry moucher, a boy who plays 148 KING HENRY IV. Glossary truant to pick blackberries," Akerman's Glossary of Pro- vincial Words) ; II. iv. 436. Y^Millincr; "perfumed like a milliner " ; a man who dealt in fancy articles, especially articles of personal adorn- ment, which he was in the habit of constantly perfum- ing; I. III. 36. ^-''^^incing, affected; III. i. 134. y'l^tmion, darling ; favourite ; I. i. 83. iMAsprision, misapprehension; I. iii. 27. Misquote, misinterpret; V. ii. i-^^streadings, sins, transgres- * sions ; III. ii. 11. f-'Misuse, ill-treatment; I. i. 43. Mo, more; IV. iv. 31. ^—Waiety, share; III. i. 96. ^^'''''Wbldzvarp, mole; III. i. 149. L^-Mvddy, discontented, angry; I. iii. 19. y^JAro of ditch, part of the stag- nant ditch surrounding Lon- don, between Bishopsgate and Cripplegate ; I. ii. 84. l^y^^Tore; " the more and less," ^ high and low ; IV. iii. 68. t^Moulten, moulting; III. i. 152. t^M'^uthed, gaping, I. iii. 97. l,,-'^ Muddy, dirty, rascally; II. i. {^Ji4utual, having common inter- ests (Quarto 8, " naUirall") ; I. i. 14. L.^'^atural scope, natural tempera- ment; III, i. 171. ^^Tat's tongue, ox tongue; II. iv. 262. Neck; "in the n. of that," im- mediately after ; IV. iii. 92. ^-^teglcctingly, slightingly, care- lessly; I. iii. 52. ^Nether stocks, stockings; IT. iv. 126. (L^N^ivgate fashion, " as prisoners are conveyed to Newgate, fastened two and two to- gether " ; III. iii. 100. LMew reap'd, trimmed in the newest style ; I. iii. 34. ••N^xt, nearest, surest; II. i. 9; III. i. 264. Nice, precarious ; IV. i. 48. IL^—Nvted, well known, familiar; I. ii. 189. ^-^othing, not at all ; III. i. 133. ^ot-pated, close cropped; II. iv. 77. '-Ob, abbreviation of obolus (properly a small Greek coin), halfpenny; II. iv. 575. Offering, challenging, assail- ing; IV. i. 69. Old faced, old patched; IV. ii. ^^^Uneyers; "great o.," probably a jocose term for "great ones" {v. Note) ; II. i. 84. IjQftnion, self-conceit. III. i. 185 ; public opinion, reputa- . tioji, III. ii. 42. ^-'Opposed, standing opposite, confronting, I. i. 9; opposite, III. i. no. Orb, sphere; V. i. 17. \J^^er ta'en, arrangement made; III. i. 71. 149 Glossary THE FIRST PART OF ^ O, the father, i.e. by God the ^^^ther ; II. iv. 419. ^"^ught, owed; III. iii. 147. Outdare, out-brave, defy; V. i. l^Outfaced, frightened ; II. iv. 274. i^etiil's, St. Paul's Cathedral; " a constant place of resort for business and amuse- ment " ; II. iv. 561. \\y^each, betray you, turn King's evidence ; II. ii. 46. L,Ptre)upfory, bold, unawed; I. iii. 17. Personal, in person ; IV. iii. 88. Painted cloth, tapestry worked t^„P^k-tlianks, officious parasites; ^^ Pacified, appeased, III. iii. 188 or painted with figures and scenes, with which the walls of rooms were hung; IV. ii. 26. i^alisadocs, pallisades ; II. iii. 55- X'-^araquito, little parrot, term of endearment ; II. iii. 88. III. ii. 25. Pierce, with play on Percy (probably pronounced pej-ce) ; V. iii. 58. LPinch, vex, torment; I. iii. 229. Pismires, ants; I. iii. 240. y^lay off, toss off at a draught ; II. iv. 18. [yParcel, item, II. iv. no; small \yPoint, head of the saddle; II. part. III. ii. 159. i^^arley, conversation looks) ; III. i. 204. y^,>^armaceti, spermaceti sperm of the whale; I. iii. ^-rPo/'/w/aj', parrot ; I. iii. 50 . 58. l^^P^rt ; " on his p. half (Folios. halfe"), I. iii. III. i. 7^. \,y''^articipation ; "' companions ; III. ii. 87. ^'^Partlet; " Dame P.." the name of the hen in the old story of " Reynard the Fox " {cp. Chaucer's Nonnes Preestes Tale) ; III. iii. S7- ^>^Passages; "thy p. of life." the actions of thy life ; III. ii. 8. ^ Passion, sorrow, II. iv. 413 ; . suffering. III. i. 35. ^<-^Patience, composure of mind; I. iii. 200. i. 6. (of ^^omgarnct, Pomegranate, the name of a room in the tav- the ern; II. iv. 42. Possessed, informed ; IV. i. 40. be- i^^ossession, the possessor; III. in his he- ii>-43- 133; share, i,^*^^^ messenger ; I. i. 2>7- '^milter, poulterer ; II. iv. 466. ile p.." low y^^^^^uncet-hox, a small smelling , From a XlVth century specimen, [ formerly in the possession of Wc I Chaffers, Esq., F. S. A. 150 KING HENRY IV. Glossary box perforated with holes for musk or other perfumes ; I. iii. 38. Powder, salt; V. iv. 112. L-^tcrr^ army, force; I. i. 22. i — Precedent, sample; II. iv. 2>7- l^^B^-edicament, condition, cat- egory ; I. iii. 168. I^Presently, immediately; II. i. 65- L-^i'biitcd, skilled, attained to great proficiency; III. i. 166. C^roiogne to an egg and butter, grace before an ordinary sort of breakfast; I. ii. 23. ^-^^rosperous hope, hope of pros- pering; III. i. 2. L'-'Pfdiest, a word used of petty and affected oaths; III. i. 260. t—'-'-Prune, applied to birds, to trim ; to pick out damaged feathers and arrange the plumage with the bill ; I. i. 98. ^/^Puke- stocking, (probably) y^k&bbif-sucker, sucking rabbit ; II. iv. 466. ^-Rtffnping, rampant, rearing to spring; the heraldic term; III. i. 153. L-Rrffe, excellent, used perhaps quibblingly ; I. ii. 69. i^'-Rash, quick, easily excited ; III. ii. 61. Rated, chid, scolded; IV. iii. 99. Rated, reckoned upon, relied upon; IV. iv. 17. leases, roots, (?) packages, bales; II. i. 25. t^Read; " hath r. to me," in- structed me; III. i. 46. ^xcasons, with a play upon " raisins " ; II. iv. 255. Rebuke, chastisement; V. i. iir. ^^r^^d-breast teacher, teacher of music to birds; III. i. 264. Regard, opinion; IV. iii. 57. Remember you, remind you ; V. i. 32. Reprisal, prize; IV. i. 118. dark-coloured stocking; II. P^^^''^^^; ^°"^"^^y?"; ^.^^"^^ tionjUtr 11. 200,CJcY[, n. 2t, IV. 77 ^y^ur chase, gain, plunder (Fo- angry retorts. III. lios, "purpose"); II. i. 100. I ^"/'^^^^ attention ; I\. ni. 31 i^^ish; "stand the p. of," ex- U^^^s, retreats; II. 111. 54- pose himself to; III. ii. 66. i^-J^'engement, revenge; III 11. 7, Quality, party; IV. iii. 36. Question, doubt, misgiving; IV. i. 68. LQidddities, equivocations ii. 51. Quilt, a quilted coverlet ; IV i^^^^ips, sharp jests; I. ii. 49 Quit, acquit, excuse ;.III, Reversion, hope of future pos- session ; IV. i. SZ- V-RacJi, fertile; III. i. 105. I. i/liivo, a common exclamation f topers; II. iv. 121. oan, roan-coloured horse; II. iii. 72. ). I Rroundly, roundly, speak out ii. 19. I plainly; I. ii. 24. 151 Glossary \/^oya oyal, a quibbling allusion to the " royal " coin (= lo shillings ; a " noble " = 6s. 8d.) ; II. iv. 310. Rub the elbow (in token of en- joyment) ; V. i. 77. \Riidely, " by thy violent con- duct " ; III. ii. z^- \Juick, Spanish and Canary wiiies ; I. ii. 3. X^^^^^iKk and sugar, alluding to the then custom of putting sugar inter wines; 1. ii. 120. l^kfint Nicholas' clerks, thieves, highwaymen ( ? due to a con- fusion of (i) Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of scholars, and (2) the familiar use of "Old Nick"); II. i. 66. t^Salamander, an animal sup- posed to be able to live in fire; III. iii. 51. THE FIRST PART OF 'Sarcenet, a thin kind of silk, originally made by the Sar- acens, whence its name ; here used contemptuously for ^ soft, delicate; III. i. 256. ""Vandalized, disgraced (Folios 2, 3, 4, "so scandalised") ', I. iii. 154. Scot and lot, taxes; V. iv. 115. Seat, estates ; V. i. 45. -Seldom, rarely seen ; III. ii. 58. Semblably, similarly ; V. iii. 21. ^.S'eri'ant, used adjectively, sub- ject; I. iii. 19. t-^^rvice, action; III. ii. 5. Set a match, made an appoint- ment in thieves' slang, "planned a robbery" (Fo- lios "watch") ; I. ii. 114. Set off; " s. o. his head," " taken from his account " ; Al. i. 88. ■better, the one who set the match; II. ii. 52. Salamanders. From an illuminated MS. of the XlVth century. \y$alt-petre, nitre; I. iii. 60. \/Salvation; " upon their s.," i.e. (Folios, "confidence") ; II. iv. 10. Seven stars, the Pleiades , ii. 15. I. by their hopes of salvation s J Shallow, silly, stupid; II. iii. 16. '" ' "^ Shape of likelihood, probabil- ity; I. i. 58. 152 KING HENRY IV, Glossary i^^-^^helter, shelter," conceal yourself quickly; II. ii. i. SJiot-free, scot-free, free from charge ; with play upon the word; V. iii. 30. '^hotten herring, a herring that has cast its roe; II. iv. 140. L^Srmiles, comparisons (Quartos 1-4 and Folio i, "smiles") ; 1. ii. 85. Sinew, strength ; IV. iv. 17. LStrvk or swim, "an old English proverbial expression imply- ing to run the chance of suc- cess or failure"; I. iii. 194. j__^_„,Sm-a/z, generally used to an in- ferior ; here an instance of unbecoming familiarity ; I. ii. 188. LSjfe+//, wisdom, good policy ; T. ii. 226. \_,S^Hinble-skamble, wild, con- fused; III. i. 154. i-S^ping, flighty, thoughtless ; III. ii. 60. l^^.'-^ovenly, battle-stained; I. iii. 44- L-^nug, trim, smooth ; III. i. 102. \^^^^eak-cup, (probably) one who sneaks from his cup; III. iii. 95- L^S^rdfr; "took it in snuff," i.e. took it as an offence ; with a play upon " snuff " in the or- dinary sense; I. iii. 41. So, howsoever; IV. i. 11. I S^etnnity, awful grandeur, dignity; III. ii. 59, Soothers, flatterers ; IV. i. 7. Soused gurnet, a fish pickled in vinegar, a term of con- tempt; IV. ii. 12. Spanish-pouch, evidently a con- temptuous term = drunkard ; II. iv. 78. '"SfTed ; " be your s.," stand you in good stead; III. i. 190. Spite, vexation; III. i. 192. 'Spleen, waywardness; II. iii. 81. ^^SfmTT ruin, corruption ; III. • iii. 12. ^qwer, square (Quarto 8, " s q u a i r e " ; Folios 3, 4, "square": the rest squire ") ; II. ii. 13. ^^..Sqmre; " s. of the night's body," a play upon " squire of the body," /.('. attendant 1^ upon a knight; I. ii. 26. y-S^ind, soiled, bespattered (Folio I, "strained") ; I. i. 64. l\^^tanding-tuck, rapier set on epjd; II. iv. 265. tart; " s. of spleen," impulse of caprice ; III. ii. 125. iyStarting-hole, subterfuge, eva- sion; II. iv. 281. Starve, to starve (Folios " staru'a ") ; I. iii. 159. 0^tarveling, a starved, lean per- son ; II. i. 75. Starving, longing; V. i. 81. y State, chair of state, throne ; II. iv. 403. Stay, linger ; " we shall stay " = we shall have stayed ; IV. ii. 80. Steal, steal yourselves away; III. i. 93. Stock-fish, dried cod; II. iv. 262. /Stomach, appetite ; II. iii. 44. 153 /. Glossary Strait, strict ; IV. iii. 79. yStrappado; "the strappado is 1/ when a person is drawn up to his height, and then sud- denly to let him fall half way with a jerk, which not only breaketh his arms to pieces, but also shaketh all his joints out of joint, which punishment is better to be hanged, than for a man to undergo " (Randle Holme, in his Academy of Arms and Blazon) ; II. iv. 253. \^,.^rength, strong words, terms; L iii. 25. i-^Stronds, strands ; I. i. 4. Struck fowl, wounded fowl ; IV. ii. 20. [^..^^^uhornation; "murderous s.," procuring murder by under- hand means ; I. iii. 163. L-^uddenly, very soon; I. iii. 294. " Sue his livery," to lay legal claim to his estates, a law term; IV. iii. 62, ^M^^rawc^.?, sufferings; V. i. 51. Suggestion, temptation; IV. iii. 51. THE FIRST PART OF l&tiits, used with a quibbling al- lusion to the fact that the clothes of the criminal be- longed to the hangman; I. ii. 77- L-SHTlen; dark; I. ii. 222. iS^i^mmer-house, pleasant re- treat, country house ; III. i. 164. \,^iSMiday-citiccns, citizens in their " Sunday best " ; III. i. 261. Supply, reinforcements ; IV. iii. 3. " Sutton Co'-fil," a contraction of Sutton Coldfield, a town twenty-four miles from Cov- entry (Quarto 2, "Sutton cophill"; Folios and Quar- tos 5, 6, 8, " Sutton-cop- hill"); IV. ii. 3. CS^'^athling clothes, swaddling clothes (Quartos i, 2, 3, " szvathling" ; the rest, "jivathing") ; III. ii. 112. \,^dJord-and-buckler, the dis- S word and buckler. {a) From an illuminated MS. of XVth century. 154 {b] From a XVIth century woodcut, KING HENRY IV. Glossary tinctive weapons of serving- men and riotous fellows ; Hotspur seems to despise this exercise, an interesting par- ody of which is to be seen in the accompanying cut (b) of Shakespeare's time ; I. iii. 193- k^JX-etfftfa, a glossy silken stuff ; I. ii. II. L-^ake it, swear; II. iv. 9. ^^'ake me with you, tell me what you mean; II. iv. 492. ^—¥ntl, strong, able; I. iii. 62. i_X^llozv - catch = "tallow- ketch," i.e. a tallow-tub, or perhaps " tallow - keech " (Steevens' conjecture), i.e. a round lump of fat rolled up by the butcher to be carried to the chandler ; II. iv. 243. l^arget, shield; II. iv. 217. ^rry, remain, stay; I. ii. 153. Task'd, taxed ; IV. iii. 92. Tasking, challenge (Quarto i. " tasking " ; the rest, " talk- ing") ; V. ii. 51. Task me, test me ; IV. i. 9. Taste, test, try the temper (Quarto 2, "taste"; Quarto I, " tast " ; the rest, " take ") ; t^-^P^' i- 119; ^iVw/j^r, disposition, "tempera- ment; III. i. 170. ly^ench; "stung like a t. "; pos- sibly there is an allusion to the old belief that fishes were supposed to be infested with fleas ; or perhaps the simile is intentionally mean- ingless; II. i. 16. Term, word (Folios and Quar- tos 7, 8, " dreame " ; Quar- tos, 5, 6, " deame ") ; IV. i. 85. Termagant, an imaginary god of the Mahometans, repre- sented as a most violent character in the old Miracle- plays and Moralities ; V. iv. 114. l^-^^Hierefore, for that purpose ; I. i. 30. ^\''^iick-eyed, dull-eyed; II. iii. 49- \-JPf\ief, used as a term of en- dearment ; III. i. 238. Tickle-brain, some kind of ^^strong liquor; II. iv. 424. Tinkers, proverbial tipplers and gamblers ; II. iv. 20. Toasts-and-biitter, effeminate fellows, Cockneys ; IV. ii. 20. Lfrmgite; "the tongue," i.e. the English language ; III. i. 125. ^■''Topples, throws down ; III. i, 32. 7 OSS, " to toss upon a pike " ; IV. ii. 68. Touch, touchstone, by which __^,^^old was tested; IV. iv. 10. Trace, track, follow ; III. i. 48. Trade-fallen, fallen out of service ; IV. ii. 32. Train, allure, entice ; V. ii. 21. ^Tranquillity, people who live at ease (Collier MS., " sanguin- .ity")\ II. i. 83. ^^"Transformation, change of ap- i^ — pearance; I. i. 44. fTpzasures ; " my t.," i.e. tokens of love due to me from you; II. iii. 48. 155 Glossary THE FIRST PART OF your III. iii rench, turn into another chan- ^^el ; III. i. 112. ^•""irenching, entrenching, ma- king furrows ; I. i. 7, ^-^rick, peculiarity; it. iv. 431. Trim, ornamental dress ; gal- Jant array; IV. i. 113. ^^ristful, sorrowful (Quartos, Folios, " trustful " ; Rowe's correction) ; II. iv. 420. U^riumph, public festivity; III. , iii- 45. '^''^ Trojans, cant name for ^^^-thieves ; II. i. yb. *^True, honest; I. ii. 117. • Trumpet, trumpeter; "play the t.," act the herald ; V. i. 4. . "Turk Gregory"; Pope Greg- J-Waitmg; ory VIL ; V. iii. 46. ^""•^Turn'd, being shaped in the turning-lathe; III. i. 131. 1/ Twelve-score, twelve score yards (in the phraseology of archery) ; II. iv. 583. Unyoked, uncurbed, reckless; I. ■^ ii. 206. [JJ-p, up in arms; III. ii. 120. Y^^alued, being considered; III. ii. 177- i^assal, servile; III. ii. 124. yi^asty, vast; III. i. 53. Velvet- guards, trimmings of velvet ; hence, the wearers of ^ysnoh. finery; III. i. 261. Virtue, valour; II. iv. 129. y^^isards, visors, masks; I. ii. 136. i^ Under-skinker, under tapster ; II. iv. 26. I Uneven, embarrassing; I. i. 50. . Unhandsome, indecent; I. iii. ^^^ AA- iJJ-TVJointed, disjointed, incoher- ent ; I. iii. 65. Unjust, dishonest ; IV. ii. 29. Unminded, unregarded ; IV. iii. 58. %^^-f^Tisorted, ill-chosen; II. iii. 13. \„J:^Ttsteadfast, unsteady; I. iii. 193- ^^yihrtaught, ill-mannered ; I. iii. 43. ^^^^^^Ji^washed; "with u. hands," y^V ear, carry, bear (Folios without waiting to wash hands, 199. immediately w. in the court," i.e. " dancing attendance in the hope of preferment " ; I. ^-Wake, waking; III. i. 219. Want; "his present w.," the present want of him ; IV. i. ^ 44- ..Canton, soft, luxurious; III. i. 214. '^Vard, posture when on guard ; II. iv. 209. {j^Vards, guards in fencing, postures of defence; I. ii. 198. Warm, ease-loving ; IV. ii. 18. '^^^Wasp-stung (So Quarto i; Quartos and Folios, " wasp- tongue" or " w a s p - t n g u e d" ', irritable as though stung by a wasp ; I. ^ iii. 236. ^ ^Watering, drinking; II. iv. 17. wore") ; I. iii. 162. 156 KING HENRY IV, Glossary IVell, rightly ; IV. iii. 94. K^^Wrll-beseeming, well becom- ing; I. i. 14. Well-respected, ruled by rea- Y^Wliat! an exclamation of im- patience; II. i. 3. Whereupon, wherefore ; IV. iii. 42. sonable considerations; IV. "^iVhich, who; III. i. 46. ^^'ild of Kent, weald of K. ; ni. 10 I Welsh hook; II. iv. 372. (Cp II,i. 59. the accompanying drawing.) yffTlful-blame, wilfully blame- able; III. i. 177. Wind, turn in this or that di- rection ; IV. i. 109. Witch, bewitch; IV. i. no. i-^^ithal, with; II. iv. 552. Worship, honour, homage ; III. |Ji- 151. iVrung in the withers, pressed in the shoulders ; II. i. 6. —¥Tdward, a familiar corruption of Edward, still used in _ so me counties ; I. ii. 142. Yet, even now ; I. iii. yy. iL'^-rmnker, greenhorn ; III. iii. 88. From a specimen preserved in Carnarvon Castle. Zeal, earnestness; IV. iii. 63. ^Hostess, I forgive thee ' (iii. 192.) From the frontispiece to Wits, or Sports upoti Sports, printed for Henry Marsh, 1662. 157 THE FIRST PART OF Critical Notes. BY ISRAEL GOLLANCZ. I. i. 5. 'No more the thirsty entrance of this soil,' etc.; Folio 4, 'entrails' for 'entrance' ; Steevens, 'entrants'; Mason, ' Erin- nys' ; Malone compares Genesis iv. 11 : "And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand " : ' entrance ' probably =^ the j nouth of the eart hor^o il. ' I. i. 28. 'now is tzvelve month old' so Quartos i, 2; Folios, 'is a twelve-month old' ; Quartos 7, 8, ' is but twelve months old.' I. i. 71. ' Mordake the Earl of Fife'; this was Murdach Stew- art, not the son of Douglas, but the eldest son of Robert, Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, third son of King Robert IL" ('the' first supplied b}'- Pope). I. ii. 16. 'that ivandering knight so fair' an allusion to 'El Donzel del Febo,' the ' Knight of the Sun,' whose adventures were translated from the Spanish : — " Tlie First Part of the Mirrour of Princely deeds and Knighthood ; Wherein is shewed the IVohthi- ness of the Knight of the Sunne and his brother Rosicleer. . . . Now newly translated out of Spanish into our vulgar English tongue, l^y M(argaret) T(iler)"; eight parts of the book were published between 1579 and 1601. Shirley alludes to the Knight in the Gamester (iii. i) : — "He has knocked the -flower of chivalry, the very Donzel del Phebo of the time." I. ii. 45. ' Of Hyhla,' reading of Quartos, omitted in Folios : 'my old lad of the castle'; probably a pun on the original name of Falstaff {cp. Preface). I. ii. 95,96. 'For wisdo77i cries out in the street, and no man regards it'; an adaptation of Proverbs i. 20, omitted in Folios. I. iii. 128. 'Albeit I make a hazard of my head ' ; the readirg of Quartos; Folios, 'Although it be with hazard of my head.' I. iii. 193. ' The unsteadfast footing of a spear,' probably an al- 1=^8 KING HENRY IV. Notes lusion to the practice of ancient heroes, e.g. Lancelot as in the an- nexed cut, to make a bridge by means of a sword or spear. From an ivory casket of the XlVth century. I. iii. 201, etc. This rant of Hotspur has been compared with the similar sentiment put into the mouth of Eteocles by Euripides — "I will not disguise my thoughts; I would scale heaven; I would descend to the very entrails of the earth, if so be that by that price I could obtain a kingdom." In The Knight of the Burning Pestle (Induction), Beaumont and Fletcher put these lines into the mouth of Ralph, the appren- tice, " apparently with the design of raising a good-natured laugh at Shakespeare's expense" (Johnson). I. iii. 253. 'when his . . . age,' cp. Richard II. Act II. iii. 48, 9, ' as my fortune ripens with thy love, It shall be still thy true love's recompense.' II. i. 84. 'great oneyers,' probably a jocose term for 'great ones,' with perhaps a pun on ' owners' ; various emendations have been proposed, e.g. ' oneraires' ' moneyers,' ' seignors' 'owners' ' mynheers,' ' overseers' etc. II. iii. 90. 'I'll break thy little finger' an ancient token of amorous dalliance, as Steevens has shown by quotations. II. iv. ' Boar's-Head Tavern,' the original tavern in Eastcheap was burnt down in the great fire, but was subsequently rebuilt, and stood until 1757, when it was demolished. Goldsmith visited the tavern, and wrote of it enthusiastically in his Essays. 11. iv. 131. 'pitiful-hearted Titan,' so the early editions: Theo- bald suggested ' butter' for ' Titan,' and the emendation has been generally adopted. II. iv. 134. ' here's lime in this sack' cp. Sir Richard Hawkins' statement in his Voyages, that the Spanish sacks " for conserva- tion are mingled with the lime in the making," and hence give 159 Notes THE FIRST PART OF rise to "the stone, the dropsy, and infinite other distempers, not heard of before this wine came into frequent use." II. iv. 144. '/ would I were a weaver'; weavers were good singers, especially of psalms, most of them being Calvinists who had fled from Flanders, to escape persecution. II. iv. 148. ' dagger of lath,' like that carried by the Vice in the old Morality plays. II. iv. 261. 'you elf -skin'; so the Quartos and Folios; Hanmer, ' eel-skin ' (cp. 2 Henry IV. III. ii. 345) ; Johnson, ' elf kin.' II. iv. 362. ' O, Glendower' (?) perhaps we should read, ' Owen Glendower.' II. iv. 413. ' King Cambyses' vein ' ; an allusion to a ranting play called 'A Lamentable Tragedie, mixed full of pleasant mirth, containing the Life of Cambises, King of Persia' (1570). II. iv. 427. The camomile, etc., cp. Lyly's Euphues (quoted by Farmer) : ' Though the camomile the more it is trodden and pressed down, the more it spreadeth; yet the violet the oftener it is handled and touched, the sooner it withereth and decayeth.' II. iv. 484. 'that reverend vice,' etc., alluding to the Vice of the Morality plays ; ' Iniquity ' and ' Vanity ' were among the names given to the character, according to the particular ' Vice ' held up to ridicule. II. iv. 527. ' mad,' Folios 3, 4 ; the rest ' made' II. iv. 534. ' The devil on a fiddle stick' a proverbial expression denoting anything new and strange, which may have originated in the Puritan dis- like to music and dancing. Hence perhaps the common notion of fiends and witches riding on brooms as in ac- companying illustration from an old chap-book. II. iv. 563. ' Peto ' ; probably * Poins,' according to John- son ; perhaps, the prefix in the MS. was simply ' P.' The Cambridge editors, however, remark that the formal ad- dress is appropriate to Peto rather than to Poins. III. i. 150., etc. ' telling tne of the moldwarp,' cp. Legend of Glendour (stanza 23) in The Mirror for Magistrates, 1559^ 160 KING HENRY IV. Notes "And for it to set us hereon more agog, A prophet came (a vengeance take them all!) Affirming Henry to be Gogmagog, Whom Merlin doth a mouldwarp ever call. Accurst of God, that must be brought in thrall By a zi'olf, a dragon, and a lion strong. Which should divide his kingdom them among." III. i. 160,161. Compare Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 5860: — " Thou saist, that dropping Jwuscs, and eek smoke, And chiding wives maken men to Uee Out of her owen hous " ; Vaughan adds the following : — " It is singular that Shakespeare should have combined two annoyances commemorated together by an old Welsh proverb, which I would translate : ' Three things zvill drive a man from home: A roof that leaks, A house that reeks, A zvife who scolds whene'er she speaks.'" III. ii. 32. 'Thy place in council thou hast rudely lost,' i.e. * by thy rude or violent conduct ' ; there is an anachronism here, as the Prince was removed from the council for striking the Chief Justice in 1403, some years after the battle of Shrewsbury. III. ii. 38. ' doth ' ; Quartos and Folios, ' do,' which may be ex- plained as due to the plural implied in ' every man ' ; Rowe, ' does ' ; Collier MS., ' doth! III. ii. 62. 'carded his state'; 'to card' is often used in Eliza- bethan English in the sense of ' to mix, or debase by mixing ' (e.g. " You card your beer if you see your guests begin to get drunk, half small, half strong," Green's Quip for an Upstart Cour- tier) ; Warburton suggested ' carded ' " 'scarded," i.e. " dis- carded " ; but the former explanation is undoubtedly correct. ' To stir and mix with cards, to stir together, to mix ' ; the meaning is brought out by a quotation from Topsell's Four-footed Beasts (1607), " As for his diet, let it be warm mashes, sodden wheat and hay, ihoroughly carded with wool-cards." III. ii. 154. 'if He be pleased I shall perform'; the reading of Quartos; Folio i, 'if I performe, and doe survive'; Folios 2,3,4, '" if r promise, and doe survive," etc. III. ii. 164. 'Lord Mortimer of Scotland/ a mistake for Lord 161 Notes THE FIRST PART OF A vessel of the early X Vth century, the seal of John Holland, Lord Admiral of England, 1417. March of Scotland, George Dunbar, who took sides with the English. III. iii. 29. * lantern in poop.' (Cp. illustration.) III. iii. 38. 'By this fire, that's God's angel'; the latter words omitted in Folios and Quartos after Quarto 2 ; evi- dently a familiar expression. Vaughan thinks the allusion is to Hebrews i. 7 ; but it is more probably to Exodus iii. 2. III. iii. 139. ' neither fish nor flesh,' alluding to the old proverb, " Neither fish nor From flesh, nor good red herring." III. iii. 164. 'I pray God my girdle break ' ; an allusion to the old adage, " ungirt, unblessed"; the breaking of the girdle was formerly a serious matter, as the purse generally hung on to the girdle, and would, in the event of the girdle breaking, prob- ably be lost. IV. i. 31. ' that inward sickness—' ; Rowe first suggested the dash in place of the comma of the early editions ; the sentence is suddenly broken off. IV. i. 85. ' term of fear'; the Folios and later Quartos (7 and 8) ' dream ' for 'term' IV. i. 98. 'All plumed . . . wing the wind'; the Camb. ed. read : — "All plumed like estridges that with the wind Baited like eagles having lately bathed ' ; this, the reading of the early editions, has been variously emended ; Steevens and Maloiie suggested that a line has dropt out after zvind, and the former (too boldly) proposed as the missing line :— "Run on, in gallant trim they now advance"; on the other hand, Rowe's proposal to read 'wing the wind' for 'with' has had many supporters, though it is said that 'wing the wind ' applies to ostriches less than to any other birds ; Dyce, how- ever, quotes a passage from Claudian {In Eutropium II., 3^0-313) to justify it: — 162 KING HENRY IV. Notes " Fasta vi'lut Libya: venantum vocihus ales Cum pretnitur, calidas cursu transmittet arenas, Inque modum veli sinuatis Hamina pennis Pulverulenta vulat " ; the Cambridge editors maintain that this means that the bird spreads its wings like a sail bellying with the wind — a different thing from ' winging the wind.' " But the Cambridge editors," Dyce replies, '* take no notice of the important word volat, by which Claudian means, of course, that the ostrich, when once her wings are filled zvith the wind, Hies along the ground (though she does not mount into the air)"; he adds the following apt quota- tion from Rogers : — "Such to their grateful ear the gush of springs Who course the ostrich, as away she wings." Columbus, Canto viii. baited = baiting; to bait or bate = " to flap the wings, as the hawk did when unhooded and ready to fly." 'having lately bathed'; "writers on falconry," says Steevens. " often mention the bathing of hawks and eagles as highly neces- sary for their health and spirits. All birds, after bathing, spread out their wings to catch the wind, and flutter violently with them in order to dry themselves. This, in the falconer's language, is called bating." IV. ii. 29. *" younger sons to younger brothers' i.e. ' men of des- perate fortune and wild adventure ' ; the phrase, as Johnson pointed out, occurs in Raleigh's Discourse on War. V. i. Stage direction. The Quartos and Folios make the Earl of Westmoreland one of the characters; but, as Malone pointed out, he was in the rebel camp as a pledge for Worcester's safe conduct. V. i. 13. 'old limbs'', Henry was, in reality, only thirty years old at this time. V. ii. 8. 'suspicion' ; Rowe's emendation for 'supposition' of the early editions. Johnson points out that the same image of ' suspicion ' is exhibited in a Latin tragedy, called Roxana, written about the same time by Dr. William Alabaster. V. ii. 18. ' adopted name of privilege,' i.e. the name of Hotspur will suggest that his temperament must be his excuse. V. ii. 33. ' Douglas ' must here be read as a trisyllable. V. ii. 60. 'By still dispraising praise valued with you' ; omitted by Pope and others as 'foolish,' but defended by Johnson — "to 163 Notes THE FIRST PART OF vilify praise, compared or valued with merit, superior to praise, is no harsh expression." V. ii. 72. 'so wild a libertine'; Capell's emendation for the reading of the Folios, 'at lihertie,' and Quartos 1-4 'a libertie ' ; Theobald punctuated the line thus : ' of any prince, so wild, at lib- erty' ; others proposed ' zvild 0' liberty/ which Collier erroneously declared to be the reading of the three oldest Quartos. V. iii. 46, 47. ' Turk Gregory never did such deeds in arms ' ; Warburton observes : — " Fox, in his History, hath made Gregory {i.e. Pope Gregory VII., called Hildebrand) so odious that I don't doubt but the good Protestants of that time were well pleased to hear him thus characterized, as uniting the attributes of their two great enemies, the Turk and Pope, in one." V. iv. 81. 'But thought's the slave of life,' etc.; Dyce and 'Others prefer the reading of Quarto i.: — ' But thoughts the slaves of life, and life time's fool. And time that takes suri'cy of all the zvorld, Must have a stop: i.e. " Thoughts, which are the slaves of life, aye, and life itself, which is but the fool of Time, aye, and Time itself, which meas- ures the existence of the whole world, must come to an end " (Vaughan). V. iv. 167. ' Grozv great,' so Quartos; Folios, 'grow great again.' V. v. 41. 'sway'; Folios and later Quartos 'way.' T64 KING HENRY IV. Explanatory Notes. The Explanatory Notes in this edition have been specially selected and adapted, with emendations after the latest and best authorities, from the most eminent Shakespearian scholars and commentators, including Johnson, Alalone, Steevens, Singer, Dyce, Hudson, White, Furness, Dowden, and others. This method, here introduced for the first time, provides the best annotation of Shakespeare ever embraced in a single edition. ACT FIRST. Scene I. 34-46. My liege, etc. : — The matter of the passage is thus re- lated by Holinshed : " Owen Glendower, according to his ac- customed manner robbing and spoiling within the English bor- ders, caused all the forces of the shire of Hereford to assemble togither against him, under the conduct of Edmund Mortimer, Earle of March. But comming to trie the matter by battell, whether by treason or otherwise, so it fortuned, that the English power was discomfitted, the earle taken prisoner, and above a thousand of his people slaine in the place. The shamefull villanie used by the Welshwomen towards the dead carcasses was such as honest eares would be ashamed to heare, and continent toongs to speake thereof. The dead bodies might not be buried, without great summes of monie given for libertie to conveie them awaie." 92-95. the prisoners, etc. : — Percy had an exclusive right to these prisoners, except the Earl of Fife. By the law of arms, every man who had taken any captive, whose redemption did not exceed ten thousand crowns, had him clearly to himself to acquit or ransom at his pleasure. But Percy could not refuse the Earl of Fife ; for, he being a prince of the royal blood, Henry might justly claim him, by his acknowledged military prerogative. Scene II. 2. [Prince.'] We see the Prince, as Brandes says, " plunginp^ into the most boyish and thoughtless diversions, in company with 165 Notes THE FIRST PART OF topers, tavern-wenches, and pot-boys ; but we see, also, that he is magnanimous, and full of profound admiration for Harry Percy, that admiration for a rival of which Percy himself was incapable. And he rises, ere long, above this world of triviality and make- believe to the true height of his nature. His alert self-esteem, his immovable self-confidence, can early be traced in minor touches. When Falstaff asks him if ' his blood does not thrill ' to think of the alliance between three such formidable foes as Percy, Douglas, and Glendower, he dismisses with a smile all idea of fear. A little later, he plays upon his truncheon of command as upon a fife. He has the great carelessness of the great natures ; he does not even lose it when he feels himself unjustly suspected. At bottom he is a good brother, a good son, a great patriot; and he has the makings of a great ruler." Ill, 112. 'tis my vocation, etc.: — We shall err greatly, if we be- lieve all that Shakespeare's characters say of themselves ; for, like other men, they do not see themselves as others see them, nor in- deed as they are. And this especially in case of Sir John, who seldom speaks of himself even as he sees himself; that is, he speaks for art, not for truth : and a part of his humour lies in all sorts of caricatures and exaggerations about himself; what he says being often designed on purpose to make himself a laughing- stock, that he may join in the laughter. Such appears to be the case in what he here charges himself with. For his vocation throughout the play is that of a soldier, which is also the vocation of the Prince. But the trade of a soldier was at that time notori- ously trimmed and adorned with habits of plundering; so that to set it forth as a purse-taking vocation, was but a stroke of humorous exaggeration, finely spiced with satire, both as re- garded the Prince and himself. The exploit at Gadshill is the only one of the kind that we hear of in the play. 120. Sack and Sugar: — A deal of learned ink has been shed in discussing what Sir John's favourite beverage might be. The learned archdeacon Nares has pretty much proved it to have been the Spanish wine now called Sherry. Thus in Blount's Glosso- graphias " Sherry sack, so called from Xeres, a town of Corduba in Spain, where that kind of sack is made." And in Markham's English Housewife : " Your best sacks are of Seres in Spaine." And indeed Falstaff expressly calls it sherris-sack. The latter part of the name, sack, is thought to have come from its being a dry wine, vin sec ; and it was formerly written seek. It appears, however, that there were divers sacks. Thus in Howell's Londin- i66 KING HENRY IV. Notes opolis: "I read in the reign of Henry VII. that no sweet wines were brought into this reign but Malmseys." And again : " More- over no sacks were sold but Rumney, and that for medicine more than drink, but now viany kinds of sacks are known and used." And still more conclusively in Venners's Fia Recta ad Vitam Longam, 1637 : " But what I have spoken of mixing sugar with sack, must be understood of Sherrie sack, for to mix sugar with other wines, that in a common appellation are called sack, and are sweeter in taste, makes it unpleasant to the pallat, and fulsome to the taste." Scene III. 29 et seq. [Hotspur.] Shakespeare has put forth all his poetic strength in giving to Percy's speeches, and especially to his de- scriptions, the most graphic definiteness of detail, and a natural- ness which raises into higher sphere the racy audacity of Faulcon- bridge. Hotspur sets about explaining how it happened that he refused to hand over his prisoners to the King, and begins his defence by describing the courtier who demanded them of him ; but he is not content with a general outline, or with relating what this personage said with regard to the prisoners ; he gives ex- amples even of his talk. Why this dwelling upon trivial and ludicrous details? Because it is a touch of reality and begets illu- sion. Precisely because v/e cannot at first see the reason why Percy should recall such trifling circumstances, it seems impos- sible that the thing should be a mere invention. Henry Percy stands before our eyes, covered with dust and blood, as on the field of Holmedon. We see the courtier at his side holding his nose as the bodies are carried past, and we hear him giving the young commander his medical advice and irritating him to the verge of frenzy. 34, 35. his chin new reap'd, etc. : — To understand this the reader should bear in mind that the courtier's beard, according to the fashion in the Poet's time, would not be closely shaved, but shorn or trimmed, and would therefore show like a stubble-land new reap'd. 83. that great magician, damn'd Glendower : — The reputed magic of Glendower is thus set forth by Holinshed : " About mid August [1402] the King went with a great power of men into Wales, but in effect he lost his labour; for Owen conveied him- selfe cut of the waie into his knowen lurking places, and (as was 167 Notes THE FIRST PART OF thought) through art magike he caused such foule weather of winds, tempest, raine, snow, and haile to be raised for the an- noiance of the Kings armie, that the like had not beene heard of; in such sort, that the King was constreined to returne home, hav- ing caused his people yet to spoile and burne first a great part of the countrie." 84,85. Whose daughter, etc.: — So in Holinshed: "Edmund Mortimer, Earle of March, prisoner with Owen Glendour, whether for irksomnesse of cruell captivitie, or feare of death, or for what other cause, it is uncerteine, agreed to take part with Owen against the King of England, and tooke to wife the daughter of the said Owen." But the Mortimer, who had been sent into Wales, was not the Earl of March, but Sir Edmund Mortimer, uncle to the earl, and therefore perhaps distrusted by the King, as the natural protector of his nephew. At this time the Earl of March was but about ten years old, and was held in safe keeping at Windsor. The mistake runs through Holinshed's chapter on the reign of Henry IV., and was not original with him. 106. hid his crisp head: — The same image occurs in Beaumont and Fletcher's Loyal Subject: " The Volga trembled at his terror, and hid his seven curled heads." Likewise in one of Jonson's Masques : — " The rivers run as smoothed by his hand. Only their heads are crisped by his stroke." In 1762 some very profound genius put forth A Dialogue on Taste, wherein the passage in the text is commented on thus : " Nature could never have pointed out, that a river was capable of cowardice, or that it was consistent with the character of a gentle- man such as Percy, to say the thing that was not." A piece of criticism which, though hugely curious, probably need not be criticised. Yet we might ask whether Milton be not guilty of an equal sin against nature, when he represents Sabrina, a tutelary power of the Severn, as rising, attended by water nymphs and singing,— " By the rushy- fringed bank. Where grows the willow, and the osier dank, My sliding chariot stays." 146. next of blood : — Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, was de- clared heir apparent to the crown in 1385, but was killed in Ireland in 1398. The person proclaimed by Richard II. previous to his m KING HENRY IV. Notes last voyage to Ireland, was Edmund Mortimer, son of Roger. He was not Lady Percy's brother, but her nephew. He was the un- doubted heir to the crown after the death of Richard. 201, 202. By heaven, etc. : — Kreyssig contrasts Hotspur's passion for honour with Falstaff's indifference to it (V. i.) : " Can honour set to a leg? no: or an arm? no: or take away the grief of a wound? no." Henry, in this matter, is equally remote from Fal- staff and from Hotspur. 230. sivord-and-biickler : — The meaning and force of this epithet ar'j well shown by a passage in Slowe's Survey of London : " This field, commonly called West Smithiield, was for many years called Ruffians' Hall, by reason it was the usual place for frayes and common fighting, during the time that sword and bucklers were in use ; when every se>i'i>ig man, from the base to the best, carried a buckler at his back, which hung by the hilt or pomel of his sivord." And John Florio, in his First Friiites, 1578: "What weapons bear they? Some sword and dagger, some sword and buckler. What weapon is that buckler? A clownish dastardly weapon, and not fit for a gentleman." ACT SECOND. Scene I. [An inn yard.] " No sooner," says Brandes, " has the rebellion been hatched in the royal palace than the second Act opens with a scene in an inn yard on the Dover road. It is just daybreak; some carriers cross the yard with their lanterns, going to the stable to saddle their horses ; they hail each other, gossip, and tell each other how they have passed the night. Not a word do they £ay about Prince Henry or Falstaff; they talk of the price of oats, and of how * this house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died.' Their speeches have nothing to do with the action ; they merely sketch its locality and put the audience in tune for it; but seldom in poetry has so much been effected in so few words. The night sky, with Charles' Wain ' over the new chimney,' the flickering gleam of the lanterTis in the dirty yard, the fresh air of the early dawn, the misty atmosphere, the mingled odour of damp peas and beans, of bacon and ginger, all comes straight home to our senses. The situation takes hold of us with all the irresistible force of reality." 169 Notes THE FIRST PART OF 12, 13. the price of oats: — The price of grain was very high in 1596; which may L_.ve put Shakespeare upon making poor Robin thus die of one idea. 22, breeds fleas like a loach : — It appears from a passage in Hol- land's translation of Pliny that anciently fishes were supposed to be infested with f^eas : " Last of all some fishes there be which of themselves are given to breed fleas and lice; among which the chalcis, a kind of turgot, is one." The meaning here, however, appears to be, " breeds fleas as fast as a loach breeds loaches " ; the loach being reckoned a peculiarly prolific fish. 2S. turkeys: — This is one of the Poet's anachronisms. Turkeys were not brought into England until the reign of Henry VHI. 36. two o'clock: — The Carrier has just said, "An it be not four by the day, I '11 be hanged." Probably he suspects Gadshill, and tries to mislead him, 53-56- quoth the chamberlain, etc. : — The chamberlain was a tav- ern officer or servant. Attendants of this class often conspired with highwaymen and shared in their booty. Thus in The Life and Death of Gamaliel Ratsey, 1605: '"He dealt with the cham- berlain e cf the house, to learn which way they went in the morn- ing, which the chamberlaine performed accordingly, and that with great care and diligence, for he knew he should partake of their fortunes if they sped." Scene II. 2. frets like a gummed velvet : — Thus in The Malcontent, 1604 : " I '11 come among you, like gum into taffata, to fret, fret." Velvet and taffeta were sometimes stiffened with gum ; but the conse- quence was, that the stuff being thus hardened quickly rubbed and fretted itself out. Scene III. [Enter Hotspur solus, reading a letter.] This letter was from George Dunbar, Earl of March, in Scotland. 39. Kate : — Shakespeare either mistook the name of Hotspur's wife, which was Elisabeth, or else designedly changed it, out of the remarkable fondness he seems to have had for the name of Kate. Hall and Holinshed call her erroneously Elinor. 170 KING HENRY IV. Notes Scene IV. [The Boar's-Head Tavern.] Ulrici says: " Between the purely historical elements to which we have hitherto confined our atten- tion, and which Shakespeare's masterly skill has combined into a grand and harmonious work of art — between this purely historical representation which is based entirely upon a serious and profound contemplation of history, there are interspersed, in both parts of the drama, scenes of an entirely comic character, not merely to ridicule the serious aspect presented by history, but which seem to stand in no sort of inner connection with the action or with the motives forming its basis. Falstatf and his boon companions Poins, Peto, Pistol, Bardolph, Mrs. Quickly, etc., are wholly un- historical persons. No sort of affinity can be proved to exist be- tween the J. Falstolfe who commanded in the so-called Bataille des Harengs under Henry VI., and our knight (Sir John) ; Shakespeare assuredly never thought of any such connection (as is proved even by the difference of the name, and still more by the circumstance that the famous corpulent knight, in Shake- speare, was originally called Sir John Oldcastle, and rechristened Falstaff only upon a demand of the Puritans who honoured a man of the same name among their sect). Yet these scenes fill almost one half of the whole play. In no other historical drama of Shakespeare's do we find such a total division of the subject. It is true that he has elsewhere introduced comic and freely invented scenes, but always merely incidentally as intermediate scenes, which, as such, if closely examined, always have their good mean- ing, inasmuch as they are intended to represent some secondary motive of the action. Here, on the other hand, the comic and un- historical portions are so strikingly elaborate, that the questions as to their justification becomes a vital point as regards the historical and aesthetic value of the whole drama." 17. when you breathe in your watering : — That is, when you stop and take breath while drinking. So in Rowland's Letting of Humour's Blood, 1600: — " A pox of piece-meal drinking, William says, Play it away, we '11 have no stoppes and stayes ; Blown drinke is odious; what man can digest it? No faithful drunkard but he should detest it." Thus also in Peacham's Compleat Gentleman : " If he dranke off his cups cleanely, took not Jiis wind in his draught, spit not, left 171 Notes THE FIRST PART OF nothing in the pot, nor spilt any upon the ground, he had the prize." 240. These lies : — We cannot persuade ourselves that F'alstaff thinks of deceiving anybody by this string of " incomprehensible lies." He tells them, surely, not expecting or intending them to be believed, but partly for the pleasure he takes in the excited play of his faculties, partly for the surprise he causes by his still more incomprehensible feats of dodging; that is, they are studied self- exposures to invite an attack ; that he may provoke his hearers to come down upon him, and then witch them with his facility and felicity in extricating himself. Thus his course here is all of a piece with his usual practice of surrounding himself with diffi- culties, the better to exercise and evince his incomparable fertility and alertness of thought ; as knowing that the more he entangles himself in his talk, the richer will be the effect when by a word he slips off the entanglement. We shrewdly suspect that he knew the truth all the while, but determined to fall in with and humour the joke, on purpose to make sport for himself and the Prince; and at the same time to retort their deception by pretending to be ignorant of their doings and designs. At all events, we must needs think it were a huge impeachment of his sense, to suppose that in telling such gross and palpable lies he has any thought of being believed. 288, 289. should I turn, etc. : — The logic of this passage even beats the wit, fine as is the latter. The Prince was not " the true prince," according to the settled rule of succession. The logic is, that none but a man composed and framed of royalty could inspire a lion with such fear ; and on the other hand no beast but the lion is brave and gentle enough to feel this instinctive respect for royalty. So that Falstaff's running from him proves him to be what he is not, and is alike honourable to them both. 535. hide thee behind the arras: — When arras was first brought into England, it was suspended on small hooks driven into the walls of houses and castles ; but this practice was soon discon- tinued. After the damp of the stone and brickwork had been found to rot the tapestry, it was fixed on frames of wood at such distance from the wall as prevented the damp from being injuri- ous ; large spaces were thus left between the arras and the walls, sufficient to contain even one of Falstaff's bulk. Our old drama- tists avail themselves of this convenient hiding-place upon all oc- casions. 547, 548. The man, etc. : — Shakespeare has been blamed for ma- 172 KING HENRY IV. Notes king the Prince utter this falsehood. Surely the blame were more justly visited on the Prince than on the Poet. Shakespeare did not mean to set forth the connection with Falstaff as altogether harmless; and if he had done so, he would have been untrue to nature. The Prince is indeed censurable ; yet not so much for telling the falsehood as for letting himself into a necessity either to do so, or to betray his accomplice. What he does is bad enough ; but were it not still worse to expose Falstaff in an act which himself has countenanced? ACT THIRD. Scene I. [Hotspur.] From first to last, from top to toe, Hotspur is the hero of the feudal ages, indifferent to culture and polish, faithful to his brother-in-arms to the point of risking everything lor his sake, caring neither for state, king, nor commons ; a rebel, not for the sake of any political idea, but because independence is all in all to him; a proud, self-reliant, unscrupulous vassal, who, him- self a sort of sub-king, has deposed one king, and wants to de- pose the usurper he has exalted, because he has not kept his prom- ises. Clothed in renown, and ever more insatiate of military honour, he is proud from independence of spirit and truthful out of pride. He is a marvellous figure as Shakespeare has projected him, stammering, absent, turbulent, witty, now simple, now mag- niloquent. His hauberk clatters on his breast, his spurs jingle at his heel, wit flashes from his lips, while he moves and has his being in a golden nimbus of renown. 12- 16. at my nativity, etc. : — The singular behaviour of nature at the birth of Glendcwer is thus mentioned by Holinshed : " Strange wonders happened (as men reported) at the nativitie of this man; for the same night he was borne all his fathers horsses in the stable were found to stand in blood up to the bellies." And in 1402 a blazing star appeared, which the Welsh bards construed as foretokening success to Glendower. 39, 40. So in the description of an earthquake at Catania, quoted by Malone : " There was a blow as if all the artillery in the world had been discharged at once ; the sea retired from the town above two miles ; the birds flew about astonished; the cattle in the fields ran crying." 173 Notes THE FIRST PART OF 72-79. The archdeacon, etc. : — This matter is thus given by Hol- inshed : " They by their deputies, in the house of the Archdeacon of Bangor, divided the reahnc amongst them, causing a tripartite indenture to bee made and sealed with their scales, by the cove- nants whereof all England from Severne and Trent, south and eastward, was assigned to the Earle of March ; all Wales and the lands beyond Severne, westward, were appointed to Owen Glen- dour ; and the remnant, from Trent northward, to the Lord Persie." 196. my aunt Percy. — Hotspur's wife was sister to Sir Edmund Mortimer, and therefore of course aunt to the young Earl of March. And she has been spoken of in the play as Mortimer's sister, yet he here calls her his aunt. From which it appears that Shakespeare not only mistook Sir Edmund for the Earl of March, or rather followed an authority who had so mistaken him, but sometimes confounded the two. 264. turn tailor : — Tailors, like weavers, have ever been remark- able for their vocal skill. Percy is jocular in his mode of per- suading his wife to sing. The meaning is, " to sing is to put your- self upon a level with tailors and teachers of birds." Scene II. I. the Prince of Wales: — Henr>' Percy is by no means the hero of the play. He is only the foil to the hero, throwing into relief the young Prince's unpretentious nature, his careless sporting with rank and dignity, his light-hearted contempt for all conventional honour, all show and appearance. Every garland with which Hot- spur wreathes his helm is destined in the end to deck the brows of Henry of Wales. The answer to Hotspur's question as to what has become of the madcap Prince of Wales and his comrades, shows what colours Shakespeare has held in reserve for the por- traiture of his true hero. 39-47. Had I so lavish . . . zvonder'd at: — Brandes says: " The political developments arising from Henry IV. 's wrongful seizure of the throne of Richard H. afford the groundwork of the play. The King, situated partly like Louis Philippe, partly like Napoleon HL, does all he can to obliterate the memory of his usurpation. But he does not succeed. Why not? Shakespeare gives a twofold answer. First there is the natural, human reason : the relation of characters and circumstances. The King has risen 174 KING HENRY IV. Notes by the ' fell working ' of his friends ; he is afraid of falling again before their power. His position forces him to be mistrustful, and his mistrust repels every one from him, first Mortimer, then Percy, then, as nearly as possible, his own son. Secondly, we have the prescribed religious reason : that wrong avenges itself, that punishment follows upon the heels of guilt — in a word, the so-called principle of 'poetic justice.' If only to propitiate the censorship and the police, Shakespeare could not but do homage to this principle. It was bad enough that the theatres should be suffered to exist at all ; if they so far forgot themselves as to show vice unpunished and virtue unrewarded, the playwright would have to be sternly brought to his senses. The character of the King is a masterpiece. He is the shrewd, mistrustful, circum- spect ruler, who has made his way to the throne by dint of smiles and pressures of the hand, has employed every artifice for making an impression, has first ingratiated himself with the populace by his afl^ability, and has then been sparing of his personal presence." 103. in debt to years: — The Poet with great dramatic propriety approximates the ages of the Prince and Hotspur, for the better kindling of a noble emulation between them. So that we need not suppose him ignorant that Hotspur was about twenty years the older. Scene III. 28,29. lantern in the poop, etc.: — So Dekker, in his Wonderful Year, 1603 : " An antiquary might have pickt rare matter out of his nose. The Hamburghers offered I know not how many dol- lars for his companie in an East India voyage, to have stood a nights in the poope of their Admiral, only to save the charges of candles." 79,80. eight shillings an ell: — This, for Holland linen, appears a high price for the time; but hear Stubbs in his Anatomie of Abuses: "In so much as I have heard of shirtes that have cost some ten shillings, some twentie, some fortie, some five pound, some twentie nobles, and (whiche is horrible to heare) some ten pound a peece, yea the meanest shirte that commonly is worne of any doth cost a crowne or a noble at the least; and yet that is scarsely thought fine enough for the simplest person." 175 Notes THE FIRST PART OF . ACT FOURTH. Scene I. 2. In this Hue age: — The untamed and violent spirit of feudal nobility, the reckless and adventurous activity of the English race, the masculine nature itself in its uncompromising genuineness, all those vast and infinite forces which lie deep under the surface and determine the life of a whole period, a whole people, and one half of humanity, are at work in Hotspur. Elaborated to infin- itesimal detail, this character yet includes the immensities into which thought must plunge if it would seek for the conditions and ideals of a historic epoch. Scene H. [Falstaff.] " Swindling, peculation, ill-faith, and fraud," says Lloyd, " had never a better chance of being popular than when combined with the exhaustless wit, humour, good-humour, and general amusingness of Jack Falstaff, and laxity and grossness of body, life, and manners could never go so far to assert their inde- pendence of necessary viciousness and vileness. as when bright- ened by the gleams and sparkles, the lambent phosphorescence and piercing radiance, of his equally fanciful and intellectual inven- tion. Yet the very course and occasion of the manifestation of these enchaining endowments, is the means of setting forth the natural sequence by which idleness, frivolousness, and sensuality bring on and ally with meanness of spirit and of aims, heartless- ness, and even malice and murder ; and as the action proceeds we become either ashamed of our sympathy with him, or alarmed at the risk we run by continuing any portion of it." And on the original of Falstaff Lloyd remarks: " In 1597, the earliest year we can trace the play in which Falstaff first appeared, the parents of Shakespeare, doubtless with his consent and advice, were parties to a suit which charged the defendant, a neighbour, though not, it would seem, a fellow townsman, with breach of contract in refusal to surrender land near Stratford for a valuable consideration. John Shakespeare, as appears from the bill in Chancery discov- ered by Alalone, mortgaged the land he acquired with his wife for £4,0 to Edmund Lambert, of Barton on the Heath; but on the tender of repayment at an agreed date, thus the complaint avers, 176 KING HENRY IV. Notes the money was refused unless other moneys owing were also rm paid, and possession of the property withheld by Edmund Lambe^n and John, his son and heir after him. ... I do not hesitren, therefore, to conclude that for some of the roguery and some so the bulk at least, if not the wit, that make up Jack Falstafifi her world is under obligations, and ought to own them, to Goo Thus Lambert of Barton." ledge- >spar- Scene IV. ^^^ "^^^f, -ottage. 13-26. / fear, Sir Michael, etc. :— Good faith and muti'^ ^^^^^''^ dcnce well founded, are the bond and tie of alliance, ^^^^-^-^^ the time of muster comes, the presage of earlier scenes C .' ?^^^? ments ill kept, is fulfilled. Northumberland absent sic ^^^^^^ °* sick it turns out ; Owen Glendower, not come in in i- How does Shakespeare complete the characterization of the King by making him participate in the active part of the battle? 74. How does the Prince show his magnanimity? 75. What are Hotspur's dying words? What emotions do they arouse? Compare the effect of the death of Percy and the death of Hamlet. 76. In Sc. iv., interpret lines 105, 106: O, I should have, etc. yy. To make humour out of Falstaff's desecration of the dead body of Percy argues what for Elizabethan sensibilities? 78. Does Falstaff even redeem himself by the superb impudence of his claiming to be the slayer of Percy? With what resolution does Falstaff quit the scene? Comment on the spirit of it. 79. Does poetic justice approve the fates of Worcester, Vernon, and Douglas? 186 KING HENRY IV. Questions 80. Does the play show that the ends of righteousness are some- times best met by the arm of the strongest? 81. How was it that Henry maintained his right to the throne? 82. What is the underlying philosophy of this play? 83. Does the humorous interest outweigh the serious? 84. Whom do you regard as the hero of the play? 85. Does Hotspur or Prince Hal enlist your sympathies? Do you feel any shock to poetic justice in the death of Hotspur? Where in 2 Henry IV. are there additional touches to his por- trait ? 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