THE 
 
 "Unemployed Workmen 
 Act, 1905." , 
 
 With the Orders and Regulations issued by the 
 
 Local Government Board under the Provisions 
 
 of the Act; and Notes 
 
 BY 
 
 RJ^. LEACH, 
 
 OF GRAY'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, 
 
 Author of "Education of Pauper Children." "Criticism and Analysis of Valuation 
 Bill, 1904." Joint-Author of the "Vaccination Law," &c. 
 
 ^tcii^ilflcTZii J 'J 
 
 1905. 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
 ROCHDALE.
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In the preparation of this work my only aim haa^een to 
 
 produce a handbook of ready and complete assistance to all who 
 
 collectively or individually have anything to do with the carrying 
 
 5 oat of the provisions of the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, 
 
 i and the Orders and Regulations issued by the Local Government 
 
 I 
 
 Boax^d under the provisions of the Act. 
 
 ^ Nothing has been left out of the book that was thought 
 
 J would be of any service, especially to members of Distress 
 u 
 
 Committees and Central Bodies and their officers. Instead of 
 3 giving altogether the circular letters sent out by the Local 
 : Govei-nment Board, on the issue of their Orders and Regulations, 
 I have purposely adopted the plan of making all the necessary 
 extracts from such letters and using them in the notes to the 
 sections of the Act or the Articles of the Orders and Regulations 
 to which such extracts particularly relate. This plan yields the 
 advantage of getting the opinions and suggestions of the Board
 
 in the places most convenient to all who, using the book, desire 
 to have at sight any opinion or suggestion that the Local 
 Goveriament Board may have given or made upon any particular 
 point. 
 
 The book has been got out under pressure of time. Great 
 care, nevertheless, has been taken to have its contents as correct 
 as possible.; the first three lines of note (3) on page 45, 
 liowever, should be read with the more correctly worded state- 
 ment on page 8 of the Introduction. 
 
 I here desire to express my thanks to Mr. H. W. 
 Fordham, Superintendent of the " London Unemployed Fund 
 Central Labour Exchange " for the labour exchange rules and 
 forms given in the book ; also to Mr. A. H. Lionel Leach, of 
 Gray's Inn, and to ]\Ir. R. Webber Leach, of Gray's Inn, for the 
 assistance they have been to me in the preparation of the work. 
 
 October, 1905. R.A.L.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Preface 
 
 Introduction ... 
 
 Full text of "The Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905" 
 with Notes 
 
 Full text of " The Organisation (Unemployed Workmen) 
 Establishment Order, 1905 " with Notes — London 
 Order ... 
 
 Full text of " The Urban Distress Committees (Unem- 
 ployed Workmen) Establishment Order, 1905 " 
 with Notes — Outside London Order 
 
 Full text of " The Regulations (Organisation for Unem- 
 ployed) 1905 " with Notes 
 
 Enactments Incorporated in the Regulations 
 
 Labour Exchanges and their Co-ordination 
 Labour Bureaux (London) Act, 1902 
 
 Employment Exchanges and their Co-ordination 
 
 Model Rales and Forms 
 
 The Out-Door Relief Orders 
 
 General Index 
 
 17 
 39 
 
 70 
 
 88 
 137 
 
 156 
 158 
 161 
 170 
 
 185 
 
 Abbkeviations in Notes. 
 L.G.B.C.L." Local Government Board Circular Lettei'.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 " The Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905," is, undoubtedly, 
 the outcome of a widespread demand that some statutory 
 provision should be made, apart from the poor law, for the 
 distressed unemployed. The demand has grown in intensity 
 during recent years, and after the inauguration of the voluntary 
 organisation of the scheme known as the " London Unemployed 
 Fund " — a scheme which had its origin in proposals laid before a 
 Conference of Metropolitan Guardians by the Right Hon. W. H. 
 Long, M.P., then President of the Local Government Board, on 
 October 14th, 1904 — it was, very naturally, expected that the 
 speech from the Throne at the opening of the 1905 Session of 
 Parliament would disclose the Government's intention to introduce 
 legislation for the establishment, not only in London but also in 
 the provinces, of organisation for the aid of the unemployed in 
 proper cases. The expectation was not unjustified. The King's 
 speech contained the following gracious words : — 
 
 " Legislation will be submitted to you for the establish- 
 " ment of authorities to deal with the question of the unemployed. 
 " 1 have noticed, with profound regret and sympathy, the ab- 
 " normal distress which has been caused by the want of
 
 8 Introdiirtion. 
 
 " employment during the pi'esent winter. Arrangements of a 
 " temporary character have been made to meet the difficulty, 
 " but it is expedient now to provide machinery for this purpose 
 " of a more permanent character." 
 
 Accordingly, on the 18th April, the President of the 
 Local Government Board (Mr. Gerald Balfour, M.P.) introduced 
 the promised Measure in the House of Commons. 
 
 Differences Between Original Bill and Act, 
 
 The Act in several important respects is very different 
 from the Bill originally introduced. 
 
 The provisions of the Bill for the constitution of Distress 
 Committees and Central Bodies differed from the present Act in 
 that : — (1) The power to co-opt additional members was optional, 
 and thus, if this had been so left by the Act, the Distress Com- 
 mittees might have been constituted entirely of members of the 
 Borough Councils and Board of Guardians, and Central Bodies 
 of members of such Committees ; (2) co-opted members were not 
 necessarily to be chosen from persons " experienced in the relief 
 of distress " ; (3) no power was given to the Local Government 
 Board to appoint other additional members to Central Bodies ; 
 (4) the Distress Committees outside London, with power and 
 duties of Central Bodies [Act, Section 2 (1)] were only to be
 
 Introduction. 9 
 
 established in County Boroughs, and the establishment might be 
 postponed in any such Borough on representation made by the 
 Borough Council to the Local Government Board. It was pro- 
 posed in respect of provincial administrative county areas that 
 organisation on London lines (i.e., Distress Committees and 
 Central Bodies) should be established on application to the 
 Local Government Board, but there was no proposal in the Bill 
 for the Board to have power to establish, without request, in 
 any such area, on deeming it expedient, any such organisation. 
 By a reference to sections 1 (1) and 2 of the Act it will be 
 at once seen how very different the provisions of the Act for the 
 establishment of organisation are to the provisions of the 
 original Bill. They are alike in respect of the Special Com- 
 mittees re Labour Exchanges. 
 
 The original Bill applied only to England and Wales ; the 
 Act not only applies to England and Wales but also to Scotland 
 [Section 5] and Ireland [Section 6]. 
 
 The original Bill contained no time limit. The duration 
 of the Act is limited to three years from its date (11th August, 
 1905) unless Parliament otherwise determine [Section 8]. 
 
 Two proposals in the original Bill which gave rise to con- 
 siderable discussion in the House of Commons do not appear in 
 the Act. They were (1) a provision "that the total Aveekly
 
 10 Introduction. 
 
 remuneration given for any temporary work so provided " (i.e,, 
 under the Act) should be " less than that which would under 
 ordinary circumstances be earned by an unskilled labourer for a 
 full week's work, and, except with the consent of the Local 
 Government Board, temporary work " should not " be so pro- 
 vided for the same person in more than two successive years " ; 
 and (2) " For the purposes of this Section work " was to be 
 deemed to be provided by a Body established under this Act 
 (although the workman was not actually employed by that 
 Body), if that Body had " arranged for the employment of the 
 workman and contributed towards the payment given in respect 
 of that employment." Although these two clauses of the 
 original Bill are not in the Act, it will be found on reference to 
 the Local Government Board's " Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905" [Articles Y. and II. (1) (iv.) {d)] that the 
 Local Government Board under their delegated legislative 
 authority [Section 4 (3) (a)] have actually or in effect imposed 
 them. 
 
 The proposal in the original Bill to allow expenses of 
 providing temporary work at Farm C^olonies out of contributions 
 from Councils is not in the Act, the application of such contri- 
 butions being restricted by Section 1 (6) in such a way as permits 
 of no wages being paid out of such contributions for unemployed 
 provided with work under the Act.
 
 Introduction. 11 
 
 In some respects the Act is less generous than the original 
 Bill, in others more generous. The provisions of the Act and 
 the original Bill are identical in respect of the class of unem- 
 ployed who may be assisted, but the Act makes larger provisions 
 in respect of the character of assistance that may be given. The 
 Bill made provision for aiding the migration or emigration of an 
 unemployed workman but not for any of his dependants. The 
 Act does both [Section 1 (5)]. 
 
 The original Bill made no provision for the temporary 
 accommodation for persons for vphom work upon the land is 
 provided. The Act does [Section 4 (3) (&)]. Owing, however, 
 to the restrictions made by Section I (6) the contributions from 
 Councils cannot be used to provide such accommodation. On 
 this, however, see Note (1) pp. 118-119. 
 
 The Act the outcome op Coxcessions. 
 It would scarcely be expected that any measure intro- 
 duced to Parliament, for affording, at the expense of the Rates, 
 provision, apart from the Poor Law, for the distressed unem- 
 ployed, would become law with the ready accord of all our 
 legislators. Although the origin of the Bill was to be found in 
 the origin of the " London Unemployed Fund " mentioned above^ 
 it soon became evident that tlie measure was objectionable to legis- 
 lators wlio, though equal in sympatliy with the deserving unem- 
 ployed, were politically as wide apart as possible. On the one- 
 hand the measure was far too meagre to satisfy Labour Members;.
 
 V2 Introduction. 
 
 •on the other hand it was looked upon bj a large number of 
 Ministerialists as being of an exceedingly mischievous nature. 
 Indeed, it would be hard to find any government measure 
 that was so contrary to the voiced views of Ministerialists 
 as this measure was. ^Notwithstanding the statement of 
 the President of the Local Government Board, on the 
 second reading of the Bill in the House of Commons 
 [June 20th], that in the opinion of the Government it was 
 not wise at the stage we had reached to have recourse to a 
 single non possumus, or to interpose a mere dam or barrier in the 
 way of public opinion instead of endeavouring to guide it into 
 channels which should lead to the least harm, and be most 
 likely to be fruitful of good [Parliamentary Debates], it is very 
 questionable if the measure would have been passed in any shape 
 but for two things, viz. : — (I) The amended proposals of the 
 Government on the Bill reaching the Committee stage in the 
 House of Commons [August 4th] ; and (2) The Government's 
 promise announced by the Prime Minister in that House [August 
 2nd] of the appointment of a Royal Commission to (1) survey 
 ■everything which appertained to dealing with the problem of the 
 I3oor, whether poor by their own fault or by temporary lack of 
 employment, and (2) to investigate what means could be taken 
 
 to deal with problems which thus arose, whether by employment 
 by municipalities or in any other wav. It was thought that such 
 a commission would be able to complete their labours within 
 three years, and therefore that the duration of the proposed 
 Unemployment Act might be limited to such a period. To these 
 .concessions the passage of the measure may be credited.
 
 Introduction. 13 
 
 The Labour Act, 1832. 
 
 It is of interest to note that, on the appointment of the Royal 
 Commission on Poor Laws in 1832, a temporary " Labour Act " 
 (2 and 3 Will. IV., c. 96) was passed. The Act was " For the 
 better employment of labourers in agricultural parishes until the 
 25th March, 1834." In its opening recital it was stated that, 
 notwithstanding the many laws in force for the relief and 
 employment of the poor, many able-bodied labourers were 
 frequently entirely destitute of work or unprofitably employed, 
 and in many instances received insufficient allowance for their 
 support from the Poor Rates ; also that the mode of pi'oviding 
 employment for the poor, which might be expedient in some 
 parishes, might be inexpedient in others, and that it might 
 therefore be desirable to extend the powers of parish vestries, in 
 order that such a course might be pursued as best adapted to the 
 peculiar circumstances of each. The limit of its duration to two 
 years was because it was thought that in two years the country 
 would be in possession of the Report of the Royal Commission, 
 This seems an all sufficient precedent for limiting the duration 
 of the present Act to three years, in which time the new Royal 
 Commission should be able to finally report. 
 
 The Present Act not intended to solve the Problem 
 
 OF the Unemployed. 
 
 The present Act is not intended to solve the unemployed 
 
 problem. The President of the Local Government Board (Mr, 
 
 Gerald Balfour, M.P,) in moving the second reading of the Bill, 
 
 said that : — 
 
 " The present Bill did not pretend to deal with the whole 
 " of the vast and complicated problem known as the unem-
 
 14 Introduction. 
 
 " ployed question, it did not attempt to do more than deal with 
 ^' a part, not altogether an unimportant part, but only a part of 
 ^' that problem, and any attempt to extend its principle to the 
 " whole field of unemployment would be foredoomed to disastrous 
 " failure. Anybody reading the text of the Bill with attention 
 " would see that the object throughout was to assist only a 
 *' limited class of the unemployed, and even as regarded appli- 
 " cants of that class it was not intended that there should be any 
 " kind of obligation to find work for them, as was thrown on 
 ^' Guardians to provide relief in cases of destitution. The limited 
 " class of the unemployed was defined in Sub-clause 3 of 
 " Clause 1 of the Bill as — ' Honestly desirous of obtaining work, 
 " but temporarily unable to do so from exceptional causes over 
 " which the applicant has no control.' 
 
 " And the limitation was extended to cases which, in the 
 " opinion of the local body to whom application is made, are 
 " — ' Capable of more suitable treatment under this Act than 
 " under the poor law.' He wanted the House to understand the 
 "full significence of the definition — the desire was to exclude 
 " loafers, work-shyers, intermittent workers whose case was not 
 " exceptional, and any workman out of work from fault of his 
 " own. The exact interpretation of the words — ' Capable of 
 " more suitable treatment than under the poor law ' — would, 
 " of course, depend on the general provisions of the Bill and the 
 " Regulations to be made by the Local Government Board under 
 " Clause 4, and such Regulations would include rules which 
 " would exclude distress not due to lack of employment, chronic 
 ^' distress, applicants of bad character, applicants not complying 
 " with conditions of residence, preference being given to work- 
 " men with established homes and with wives and families " 
 [Parliamentary Debates].
 
 Infroduciion. 13 
 
 An examination of the Local Government Board's Regula- 
 tions made under the Act, show that apart from the benefits that 
 may be afforded by Labour Exchanges, only the better or best 
 class of the distressed unemployed will receive any benefit from 
 the present Act. Besides, if the new Bodies constituted for 
 dealing with the better or best class of unemployed act on the 
 suggestion of the Local Government Board, the benefits will be 
 only obtainable in periods of exceptional distress. 
 
 The Advantages Afforded by the Act. 
 
 Notwithstanding the limitations made by the Act and 
 the Regulations, the measure is far from being the sham that 
 some have termed it. Even if voluntary subscriptions are 
 not [see Section I (6) of the Act], as many fear, sufficient to 
 enable the new Bodies, organised to administer the provisions of 
 the Act, to enter upon any large Undertakings, such as Farm 
 Colonies, or the reclamation of waste land, or the making 
 or improvement of highways, yet the Organisation estab- 
 lished should prove exceedingly useful to the Councils in large 
 Urban Areas. Because of the restriction on amount and appli- 
 cation of the contributions from Rates [Section 1 (6)], these 
 Bodies are, as winters come, certain to be pressed to enter them- 
 selves on Undertakings as many have done in winters for 
 years past for the benefit of the unemployed. The 
 present Act may not stop them from doing so again. 
 If, therefore, any such works for the reason given are entered 
 upon, it will be found a great advantage to have at hand an 
 organisation which should prove useful in weeding out the 
 unemployable and the undeserving from the employable 
 deserving. Again the provision in the Act and Regu-
 
 16 Introduction. 
 
 lations under which Labour Exchanges may be established — if 
 properly worked and the same Bodies co-operate, as they may-— 
 throughout the whole country is a substantial advantage when 
 taken with the provision for aiding, out of Rate contributions, 
 migration from districts where there is a superabundance of 
 workers to districts where there is a scarcity. Organised trades 
 practically have their own labour registers, but unorganised 
 workers have not. The emigration pi'ovisions are not, by reason 
 of the restrictions on the contributions from rates, as liberal as 
 the poor law emigration provisions, but the provision for aiding 
 mio'ration is one that meets a shortag'e in the Poor Law Acts. 
 Finally, the best class of distressed unemployed man or woman 
 — for the provisions include women as well as men — can have 
 such aid as the Act, with the Regulations, provides, without the 
 drawback of that loss of civil rights [Section 1 (7)] which 
 non-medical poor law relief involve. This last-named advantage 
 seems to be in accord with the public conscience.
 
 FULL TEXT OF THE 
 
 UNEMPLOYED WORKMEN ACT, 1905. 
 
 [5 Edw. 7. Ch. 18.] 
 
 ARRA]S"GEMENT OF SECTIONS. 
 
 Section. 
 
 1. Oi'g'anisation for London. 
 
 2. Oi-ganisation outside London. 
 
 3. Temporary provision pending establishment of 
 
 proper organisation. 
 
 4. Local Goveniment Board orders and regulations. 
 
 5. Application to Scotland. 
 
 6. Application to Ireland. 
 
 7. Short title. 
 
 8. Duration of Act. 
 
 B
 
 18 [5 Edw. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. IS.] 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 An Act to establish organisation with a view to the 
 provision of Employment or Assistance for Unem- 
 ployed Workmen in proper cases. 
 
 [11th August, 1905,] 
 
 "DE it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, 
 "^ by and with the advice and consent of the Lords 
 Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this pi'esent 
 Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the 
 same, as follows : — 
 
 1. (1) For the purposes of this Act there shall be 
 established, by order of the Local Government Board 
 under this Act, a distress committee of the council of 
 every metropolitan borough in London, consisting 
 partly of members of the borough "council and partly 
 of members of the board of guardians of every poor 
 law union wholly or partly within the borough and of 
 persons experienced in the relief of distress, and a 
 central body for the whole of the administrative county 
 of London, consisting partly of members of, and selected 
 by, the distress committees and of members of, and 
 selected by, the London County Council, and partly of 
 persons co-opted to be additional members of the body, 
 and partly, if the order so provides, of persons nomi- 
 nated by the Local Government Board, but the number 
 of the persons so co-opted and nominated shall not
 
 [5Ed\v. 7.] Unemployed Work77icn Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 19 
 
 Sect. 1. 
 
 exceed one-fourth of the total number of the body, and 
 
 every such order shall provide that one member at least 
 
 of the committee or body established by the oi-der shall 
 
 be a woman. 
 
 Note.— S. 1 (1) For the Order of the Local Government 
 Board establishing Distress Committees and Central Body in 
 London, see "The Or^'anisation (Unemployed Workmen) 
 Establishment Order, 1905." 
 
 (2) The disti'css committee shall make themselves 
 acquainted with the conditions of labour within their 
 area, and when so required by the central body shall 
 receive, inquire into, and discriminate between any 
 applications made to them from persons unemployed : 
 
 Provided that a distress committee shall not enter- 
 tain an application from any person unless they are 
 satisfied that he has resided in London for such period, 
 not beinf^ less than twelve months, immediately before 
 the application, as the central body fix as a residential 
 qualification. 
 
 (3) If the distress committee are satisfied that any 
 such applicant is honestly desirous of obtaining work, 
 but is temporarily unable to do so from exceptional 
 causes over which he has no control, and consider that 
 his case is capable of more suitable treatment under 
 this Act than under the poor law, they may endeavour 
 to obtain work for the applicant, or, if they think the 
 case is one for treatment by the central body rather 
 than by themselves, refer the case to the central body, 
 but the distress committee shall have no power to
 
 20 [5 Edw. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, \Q{)5. [Ch. 18.] 
 
 Sect. 1. 
 provide, or contribute towards the provision of, work 
 for any unemployed person. 
 
 Note.— S. 1 (2) and (3) For duties of the Distress Com- 
 mittee and the conditions affecting applications to the 
 Committee, and cases referred to Central Body, see Section 4 (3) 
 (rt) and Article II. of "The Kegulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed), 1905." 
 
 (4) The central body shall superintend and, as far 
 as possible, co-ordinate the action of the distress com- 
 mittees, and aid the efforts of those committees by 
 establishing, taking over, or assisting labour exchanges 
 and employment registers, and by the collection of 
 information and otherwise as they think fit. 
 
 NOTK — S. 1 (4). See Section 4 (3) {a) and Article XIX. of 
 "The Kegulations (Organisation for Unemployed), 1905." 
 
 (5) The central body may, if they think fit, in any 
 case of an unemployed person referred to them by a 
 distress committee, assist that person by aiding the 
 emigration or removal to another area of that person 
 and any of his dependants, or by providing, or con- 
 tributing towards the provision of, temporary work in 
 such manner as they think best calculated to put him 
 in a position to obtain regular work or other means of 
 supporting himself. 
 
 MOTK. — S. 1 (5). See Section 4 (3) {n) for the conditions 
 under which emigration may be aided see Article III. of " The 
 Kegulations (Organisation for Unemploj^ed), 1905." 
 
 On the conditions under Avhich removal to another area 
 lAay be aided see Article IV. of said Kegulations. 
 
 For the conditions under which assistance in the form of 
 Temporary Work may be given see Article V. of the said 
 Kegulations.
 
 [oEdw. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, \Q0o. [Ch. 18.] 21 
 Sect. 1. 
 
 (6) Any expenses of the central body under this 
 Act, and such of the expenses of the distress committees 
 under this Act as are incurred with the consent of the 
 central body, shall be defrayed out of a centi'al fund 
 under the management of the central body, which shall 
 be supplied by voluntary contributions given for the 
 purpose, and by contributions made on the demand of 
 the central body by the council of each metropolitan 
 Taorough in proportion to the rateable value of the 
 Lorough and paid as part of the expenses of the council : 
 Provided that — 
 
 (a) A separate account shall be kept of all sums 
 supplied by contributions made by the 
 councils of the metropolitan boroughs, and 
 no expenses except — 
 
 (i.) establishment charges of the central 
 body and the distress committees, including 
 the expenses incurred by them in respect 
 of labour exchanges and employment 
 registers and in the collection of infor- 
 mation ; and 
 
 (ii.) the expenses incuri'ed by the central 
 body in aiding the emigration or removal 
 to another area of an unemployed person 
 and any of his dependants ; and 
 
 (iii.) the expenses incurred by the central 
 body in relation to the acquisition, with the 
 consent of the Local Government Board, 
 of land for the purposes of this Act; 
 
 shall be paid out of tliat account.
 
 22 [5Edw. 7.] Une7nployed Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 
 Sect. 1. 
 
 (6) No such contribution by a council shall in 
 any year exceed the amount which would be 
 produced by a rate of one halfpenny in the 
 pound calculated on the whole rateable value 
 of the borouf^h, or such higher rate, not 
 exceeding one penny, as the Local Grovern- 
 ment Board may approve. 
 
 Note.— S. 1 (6). See Section 4 (3), (c), and Article XIV. o 
 "The Kegulations (Organisation for Unemployed) 1905" as to 
 acceptance of donations. 
 
 See Section 4 (3), (5), (c), (h), and Articles VIII., IX., X., 
 and XVHI. of the said Kegulations as to (1) establishment of 
 Farm Colony ; (2) Temporary Accommodation for persons at 
 work ; (3) Acquisition of Land ; and (4) Borrowing Powers, 
 respectively. 
 
 See Section 4 (3), (/t), and Article XVII. of the said 
 Regulations as to Kate Contril)utions. 
 
 See Section (4), (3), (/'"), and Article XV. of the said 
 Regulations as to transfer of receipts of Farm Colony to 
 Voluntary Contribution Account. 
 
 See Section 4 (3), (ff), and Article XVI. of the said 
 Regulations as to how Accounts are to be made up and audited. 
 
 In the London Government Act, 1899 (62 and 63 Vic, 
 c. 14 s. 34) the expression "Rateable Value" includes the 
 value "of Government Property upon which a contribution in 
 lieu of Kates is paid." 
 
 (7) The provision of temporary work or other 
 assistance for any person under this Act shall not 
 disentitle him to be registered or to vote as a parlia- 
 mentary, county, or parochial elector, or as a burgess. 
 
 Note. — S. 1 (7) There are a number of precedents for the 
 preserving of the franchise to persons assisted under the Act. 
 Amongst such it may be mentioned that under "The Elementary 
 Education Act, 1S76 (39 and 40 Vict. c. 79), Section 10. Where 
 a non-pauper parent by reason of poverty is unable to pay the 
 ordinary school fees for his children, such fees may be paid by 
 the Guardians of the Poor. The Section provides that "the 
 parent shall not, by reason of any payment under this Section, 
 be deprived of any franchise, right or privilege, or be subject
 
 [5 Edw. 7.] Unemjjloyed WorJcmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 23 
 
 Soct. 1. 
 to any disal>ility or disqualification." A similar provision is 
 contained in respect of cost of education, including maintenance 
 of a l)lind and deaf child under the orovisions of "The Elemen- 
 tary Education (Blind and Deaf Children) Act, 1893 (56 and 57 
 Vict^c.42),Sect. 10, and " The Elementary Education (Defective 
 and Epileptic Children) Act, 1899," (62 and 63 Vict. c. 32), 
 Sect.8 (2) " The Municipal Corporations Act, 1882(45 and 46 Vic. 
 c. 50. Sect. 33 (4) enacts "a person shall not be disentitled to be 
 enrolled as a burgess by reason only — («) that he has received 
 medical or surgical assistance from the trustees of the municipal 
 charities, or has been removed by order of a justice to a 
 hospital, or place for reception of the sick, at the cost of any 
 local authority ; or (6) that his child has been admitted to, 
 and taught in any public or endowed school." See further 
 " The Vaccination Act, 1867 " (30 and 31 Vic. c. 84) s. 26 ; " The 
 Medical Relief Disqualification and Removal Act, 1885 " 
 (48 and 49 Vic. c. 46) ; "The Public Health (in London) Act, 
 1891 " (54 and 55 Vic. c 76) s. SO (4) ; " The Isolation Hospitals 
 Act, 1893" (56 and 57 Vic. c. 68) s. 23 ; "The Cleansing of the 
 Persons Act, 1897 " (60 and 61 Vic. c. 31) s. 1. 
 
 (8) This section shall apply to the City of London 
 as if the City of London were a metropolitan borough, 
 and the mayor, aldermen, and commons of the city of 
 London in common council assembled were the council 
 of the borough, and any contribution required for the 
 purposes of this Act shall be paid out of the consolidated 
 rate, but shall not be reckoned in calculating the amount 
 of the rate for the purpose of any limit on that amount. 
 
 (9) The Local Government Board may, upon the 
 application of the council of any borough or district 
 adjoining or near to London, by order, extend the 
 provisions of this section to that borough or district as 
 if the boi'ough or district were a metropolitan borough 
 and were within the administrative county of London, 
 and with such other modifications and adaptations as 
 to the Board may appear necessary.
 
 24 [5Ed\v. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Art, I'dO^. [Ch. 18.] 
 
 2. (1) There shall be established by order of the 
 Local Government Board for each municipal borough 
 and urban district with a population, according to the 
 last census for the time being, of not less than fifty 
 thousand, and not being a borough or district to which 
 the provisions of section one of this Act have been 
 extended, a distress committee of the council for the 
 purposes of this Act, with a similar constitution to that 
 of a distress committee in London, and the distress 
 committee so established shall, as regards their borough 
 or district, have the same duties and powers, so far 
 as applicable, as are given by this Act to the distress 
 committees and central body in London. 
 
 This provision shall extend to any municipal borough 
 or urban district with a population, according to the 
 last census for the time being, of less than fifty 
 thousand but not less than ten thousand, if the council 
 of the borough or district make an application for the 
 purpose to the Local Government Board, and the 
 Board consent. 
 
 (2) Subject as aforesaid, the Local Government 
 Board may, on the application of any county or 
 borough or district council, or board of guardians, or, 
 if they think it expedient, without any such appli- 
 cation, by order establish for the purposes of this Act 
 in any county or part of a county a central body and 
 distress committees with similar constitutions to those 
 of the central body and distress committees in London, 
 and the body and committees so established shall, 
 subject to any exceptions made by the order, have the
 
 [5Edw. 7.] Unemployed Worlmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18 ] 25 
 Sect. 2. 
 same duties and powers as respects their area as are 
 giveu by this Act to the central body and distress com- 
 mittees respectively in London. 
 
 For the purposes of this provision a county borough, 
 with a population of less than fifty thousand shall be c. 4i 
 deemed to be included in the county in which it is, for 
 the purposes of the Local Government Act, 1888, 
 ■deemed to be situated. 
 
 Note. — S. 2 (2) In the sub-section it should be under- 
 stood tliat (1) County Council means a Council of an 
 Administrative County for which a County Council is elected 
 in pursuance of the Local (iuverniuent Act, 18SS (51 and 52 Vic 
 c. 41), S-s. 1 and 101). (2) Borou^'h Council means any place 
 for the time being subject to the jSIuuicipal Corporations Act, 
 1882 (Interpretation Act, 1889 — 52 and 53 Vic. c. 63, S. 15 
 (1) (4) (o) District Council means a Council of any Urban 
 or Ilural District elected in pursuance of the Local Government 
 Act, 1894 (56 and 57 Vic. c. 78), S-s. 23 and 24; and (4) 
 Board of (iuardians means a Board of Guardians elected under 
 the Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834 (4 and 5 Will. IV., c. 76), 
 and the Acts amending the same, and includes a Board of 
 Guardians or other Body of Persons performing under any Local 
 Act the like functions to a Board of Guardians under the Poor 
 Law Amendment Act, 1834 (Inter^u-etation Act, 1889 — 52 and 
 53 Vic. c. 63, S. 16 (1). 
 
 The power given in the Section to the Local Government 
 Board to establisb Distress Connuittees in any area to which 
 the Sub-Section apjilies was strongly objected to during the 
 Committee stage in lioth House of Commons and House of Lords 
 on the grouuids that the Local Authorities knew the needs of 
 their respective districts intinitcly better tli.an could be known 
 by the I^ocal Government Board, and that to give the Local 
 Government Board such jiower was inconsistent with the rights 
 of Local (TO\erniiig Boilies. In answer to such objection 
 
 the President of the Local Government Board (Mr. (ierald 
 Balfour, M.P. ), said that it bad liecn represented to 
 him tliat the Unemjiloyed in County Districts where the 
 organisation was not in operation might tlock into Industrial 
 Districts where it was in oi)eration. He did not think it was 
 a, veiy serious risk, but he was sure the lioard would not use 
 this power unless there were very real reasons for so doing. It 
 
 51 & 52 Vic
 
 26 [5Edw. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.} 
 Sect. 2. 
 
 would be very difficult to force Local Authorities in opposition 
 to their views (Parliamentary Debates). 
 
 The foUowinfjc are County Boroughs with populations of 
 less than oU,000 :— Bath, Canterbury, Chester, Dudley, Exeter, 
 Glouce.ster, Lincoln, Oxford, Worcester. 
 
 (3) Where a central body and distress committees 
 have not been established under this Act for the whole 
 of a county, the council of that county, and, where a 
 distress committee has not been established under this 
 Act for a county borough, the council of that county 
 borough, shall constitute a special committee under 
 this Act, consisting of members of the council, with 
 power to co-opt any persons to be additional members 
 of the committee ; but the number of persons so 
 co-opted shall not exceed one-fourth of the total number 
 of the committee. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the council, in such a case, 
 through the special committee, to collect information 
 with respect to the conditions of labour within their 
 area by establishing, taking over, or assisting labour 
 exchanges and employment registers, and in such other 
 manner as they think fit, and to su])ply any such 
 information when required. 
 
 Any expenses incurred by a council under this 
 provision shall be paid in the case of a county council 
 out of the county fund as expenses for special or general 
 county purposes, as the circumstances may require, and 
 in the case of a borough council out of the boi'ough fund 
 or borough rate.
 
 [5Edw. 7.] Unemployed Woi-kmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 27 
 
 Sect. 2. 
 
 Note. — S. 2. (3) The Local Government Board state : — At 
 present a Central Body and Distress Committees have not been 
 estaljlished for the whole of any county except London, nor has 
 a Distress Committee been established for any County Borough 
 with a population according to the last census of less than 
 50,000. Consequently under Section 2 (3) of the Act it will be 
 incumbent on every County Council except the London County 
 Council, and on the Council of every County Borough with a 
 population according to the last census of less than 50,000, to 
 constitute a Special Committee under the Act consisting of 
 meml)ers of the Council with power to co-opt any persons to be 
 additional members of the Committee The number of persons 
 so co-opted, however, must not exceed one-fourth of the total 
 number of the Committee. The Council should proceed to 
 appoint a Special Committee in pursuance of the requirements 
 of the Sub-Section" (L.Cr.B.C.L. 10th October, 1905). 
 
 It wiil be noticed that as regards Distress Committees for 
 County Borouglis that Section 2 (1) requires Distress Com- 
 mittees to be established in such Boroughs witli a population of 
 not less than 50,000. "The Urban Distress Committees 
 (Unemployed Workmen) Order, 1905" — Provincial Order — 
 makes provision accordingly, and therefore the expression 
 "County Borough" in Sub-Section 3 should be taken to apply to 
 County Boroughs with a population less than, 50,000. 
 
 As to duties of Special Committee re Labour Exchanges, 
 •Src. see "The Regulations (Organisation for Unemployed) 
 1905 " Article XIX. 
 
 Sub-Section (3) does not define the area for which a 
 Special Committee are to act in the areas of an Administrative 
 County, but it is submitted that the intention is that the 
 County Council or County Borough shall appoint a Committee 
 for such districts or district in their respective areas in which no 
 organisation is established under Sub-Section 1 or Sub-Section 2 
 of Section 2. 
 
 On the question of expenses the Local Government Board 
 state : — "Any expenses incurred by the Council under the Act 
 must be paid in the case of a County Council out of the County 
 as expenses for special or general county purposes as the 
 circumstances may require, and in the case of a Borough 
 Council out of the borough fund or borough rate. If the whole 
 County is within the area of the Special Committee, the 
 expenses of the County Council should be regarded as general 
 expenses. If, however, only part of the County is within tins 
 area, it appears to the Board that the expenses of the Council 
 should be treated as special expenses in that area." L.G.B.C.L., 
 10th October, 1905.
 
 2S [5 Edw. 7.] Unemployed WorJcmcn Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 
 
 Sect. 2. 
 
 (4) Where any order is made under this section as 
 
 respects any area, the provisions of this Act relating to 
 
 London shall apply with respect to that area, with 
 
 such necessary modifications and adaptations as may 
 
 be made by the order. 
 
 Section 2 (4) see "The Kegulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905," Article XXI. 
 
 3. Where at any time a central body and distress 
 
 commiteees or a distress committee are about to be 
 
 established for any area under this Act, any body 
 
 already established in that area, whether before or 
 
 after the passing- of this Act, for the purpose of dealing 
 
 with the unemployed, and any special committee under 
 
 this Act, may, if the Local Government Board think 
 
 fit, be temporarily constituted by order of that Board a 
 
 central body or a distress committee, as the case may 
 
 be, until the establishment in accordance with this Act 
 
 of a central body and distress committees or of a 
 
 distress committee for that area. 
 
 Note. — S. 3. A Body estabUshed for dealing with the Un- 
 employed, but not established under Section 1 (1). or Section 2 
 
 (1) (2) of the Act, or a Special Committtee constituted under 
 Section 2 (3), would not, pending the establishment of 
 organisation under the Section 1 (1) or Section 2 (1) 
 
 (2) have any status as a "Central Body" or "Distress 
 Committee" under the Act unless constituted as such by a 
 Special Order issued by the Local Government Board, under 
 tlie provisions in Section 3. See Sect. 4 re Transfer of Liabil- 
 ities, &.C. 
 
 4. (1) An order of the Local Government Board 
 u.uder this Act establishing a central body or distress 
 committee may provide for the constitution and pro- 
 ceedings of that body or committee, and, in the case of 
 an order establishing a central body, for the incorpor-
 
 [5 Enw. 7.] Unemjiloyed Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 29 
 
 Sect. 4 
 
 ation of that body by an appropriate name, and, whei'e 
 
 any property or liabilities are taken over from any 
 
 other body, for effecting by virtue of the order the 
 
 transfer of that property or those liabilities, and also 
 
 for any mattei- for Avhich ])rovision may be made by 
 
 regulations under this Act, and for which it appears 
 
 desirable to make special provision effecting only the 
 
 body or committee established by the order. 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (1) empowers the Local fTOvevnment Board, in 
 an Order establishing a Central Body or Distress Committee, to 
 make provision, "where any proyjerty or lialjilities are bfiken 
 over from any other body, for effecting by virtue of the Order 
 the transfer of the pro|)erty or those liabilities." No such pro- 
 vision is made in either "The Organisation (Unemployed 
 Workmen) Establishment Order, 1905" — London Order, — or 
 " The Urban Distress Committees (Unemployed Workmen) 
 Order, 1905" — Provincial Order. 
 
 Article VL (1) of "The Organisation (Unemployed 
 Workmen) Order 1905" provides, that the Central Body 
 in London shall be a Body Corporate ])y the name of 
 Central Employment Body for London, and invest such Central 
 Body with the rights and lialiility of a Corporate Body. 
 Such a provisidn is not made in the " Urban Distress Com- 
 mittees (Unemployed Workmen) Order 1905" issued to pro- 
 vincial Boroughs and Urban Districts of not less than 50,000. 
 Provision, however, is made in " The Regulations (Organisation 
 for Unemployed) 1905" for a Distress Committee, established 
 under Section 2 of the Act, to purchase by agreement or take 
 on lease land for tlie purposes of the Act on consent of the 
 Local Government Board. See Articles X., and XXL of the 
 said Kegulations. 
 
 (2) An order of the Local Government Boai-d under 
 this Act may be varied and revoked by any subsequent 
 order of the Board made under this Act. 
 
 (3) The Local Government I3oard may make regu- 
 lations for cariying into effect this Act, and may by 
 those regulations, amongst other things, provide —
 
 30 [5 Edw. 7.] Unemjdoyed Workmen Act, I'dOb. [Ch. 18.] 
 
 Sect. 4. 
 
 (a) for reg-ulating, subject to the provisions 
 
 of this Act, the couditions under which 
 
 any application may be entertained by a 
 
 distress committee under this Act, and the 
 
 conditions under which a central body may 
 
 aid emigration or removal, or provide or 
 
 contribute towards the provision of work 
 
 under this Act, and otherwise for regulating 
 
 the manner in which any duties under this 
 
 Act are to be performed or powers exercised 
 
 by any central body or distress committee or 
 
 special committee under this Act ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), («) See " Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Articles II., fll., IV., and V, 
 
 (h) for authorising the establishment, with the 
 consent of the Local Government Board, of 
 farm colonies by a central body established 
 under this Act, and the provision, with the 
 like consent, by such a body of temporary 
 accommodation for persons for whom work 
 upon the land is provided ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4(3), {b) See " Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Articles VIII., and IX. 
 
 (c) for authoinsing and regulating the acquisition 
 by a central body of land by agreement for 
 the purposes of this Act, and the disposal of 
 any land so acquired ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (c) See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemploj'ed) 1905." Articles X., and XXI. 
 
 (^d) for the employment of oiJicers and provision 
 of offices, and for enabling any inspector of
 
 L5EDW. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, im5. [Ch. 18.] 31 
 
 Sect. 4. 
 
 the Local Government Board to attend the 
 
 meetiiio: of any body or committee established 
 
 under this Act ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), {d) See " Kej^ulations (Organisation for 
 [ Unemployed) 1905." Articles XL, XII. and XIII. 
 
 (e) for anthorisino- the acceptance of any money 
 or property by a central body established 
 tinder this Act, and for re.s^ulating the 
 administration of any money or property so 
 acquired ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (e) See " Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XIV. 
 
 (/) for the payment of any receipts of a central 
 body to the central fund, and for the appor- 
 tionment, if necessary, of those receipts 
 between the voluntary contribution account 
 and the rate contribution account of that 
 fund ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (/") See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XV. 
 
 (g) for the audit of the accounts of any central 
 body established under this Act in the same 
 manner and subject to the same provisions 
 as to any matters incidental to the audit or 
 consequential thereon as the accounts of a 
 county council; and 
 
 Note. — S, 4 (3) (g) See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XVI. 
 
 (Ji) for enforcing' the payment of contributions by 
 any councils liable to make such contributions 
 in pursuance of this Act, and for authorising
 
 32 [5Edw. 7.] Unemployed Workmen Act, ld05. [Ch. IS.] 
 
 Sect. 4. 
 
 and regulating the borrowing of money by a 
 
 central body established under this Act; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (A) See " Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Articles XVII. and XVIII. 
 
 {{) for facilitating the co-operation of any body 
 or committee having powers under this Act 
 for any area with any other body or com- 
 mittee, or with any local authority, and the 
 provision of assistance by one such body or 
 committee to another ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (i) See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XX. 
 
 (A-) for applying, with the necessary adaptations, 
 
 to a di.'^tress committee having the powers 
 
 of a central body regulations relating to a 
 
 central body ; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (/.•) See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XXI. 
 
 (Z) for the holding of local inquiries by the Local 
 
 Government Board for the purposes of this 
 
 Act, and for requiring returns to be made to 
 
 the Board by any body or committee having' 
 
 powers under this Act; and 
 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (Z) See "Regulations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Article XXII. 
 
 (m) for the application for the purposes of this 
 
 Act, as respects auy matters to be dealt with 
 
 by the i-egulations, of any provision in any 
 
 Act of Parliament dealing Avith the like 
 
 matters, with any necessary modifications or 
 
 adaptations. 
 Note. — S. 4 (3), (m) See " Regnlations (Organisation for 
 Unemployed) 1905." Articles X., XVI.,XVII.,XVIII.&XXIL
 
 [5Edw. 7.] Unemjiloyed Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 33 
 Sect. 4. 
 
 All regulations made under this Act shall he laid 
 as soon as may be before Parliament. 
 
 5. In the apj^Hcation of this Act to Scotland — 
 
 (1) " The Local Government Board for Scotland " 
 shall be substituted for " the Local Govern- 
 ment Board " : 
 
 Note. — The Order.s and Regulations of tlie Local Government 
 Board, included in this book, only applying to England and 
 Wales, it has not been tliouglit necessary to annotate anything 
 relating to Scotland or Ireland. 
 
 (2) " Royal, parliamentary, or police burgh " 
 shall be substituted for " municipal borough 
 and urban district " and for " borough or 
 district " : 
 
 (3) " Parish " shall be substituted for " poor law 
 union," "parish council" shall be substituted 
 for " board of guardians," and "town council" 
 shall be substituted for " council of the 
 borough or district " and for " borough or 
 district council " : 
 
 (4) " Royal, parliamentary, or police burgh with 
 " a population, according to the last census 
 " for the time being, of less than fifty 
 "thousand, but not less than twenty 
 "thousand," shall be substituted for "county 
 " borough " : 
 
 (5) Rcfci-ences to special county purposes shall 
 not apply :
 
 34 [5 Edw. 7.] Unemployed Workinen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 
 Sect. 5. 
 
 (6) "Burgh general improvement assessment" 
 or any other assessment leviable in equal 
 proportions on owners and occupiers shall 
 be substituted for " borough fund or borough 
 rate " : Provided that any rate under this 
 Act shall not be reckoned in calculating the 
 amount of such assessment for the purpose 
 of any statutory limit on such assessment : 
 
 (7) "Inspector" shall include general superin- 
 tendent and visiting" officer : 
 
 .-,7 & 58 Vict. (8) Sections foi"ty-seven, fifty-two, and fifty-thi'ee 
 
 c. 58. 
 
 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 
 1894, shall be substituted for sections eighty- 
 five, eighty-six, and eighty-eight of the Local 
 
 56 & 57 Vict. 
 
 0.73. Government Act, 1894 
 
 (9) " Municipal elector " shall be substituted for 
 " buro-ess " 
 
 (10) Subsection three of section two of this Act 
 shall not apply to any county or to any 
 bui-gh except with the consent of the Local 
 Government Board for Scotland expressed 
 by order made on the application of the 
 county council or town council, as tlie case 
 may be.
 
 [5 Enw. 7.] Unemploiied Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 35 
 
 6. In the application of this Act to Ireland — • 
 
 (1) "The Local Government Board for Ireland " 
 shall be substituted for " the Local Govern- 
 ment Board " : 
 
 See note to Section 5. 
 
 (2) As respects population " ten thousand " shall 
 be substituted for " fifty thousand," and 
 " five thousand," for " ten thousand " : 
 
 (3) The provisions of this Act relating to the 
 inclusion of a county borough in a county 
 shall not apply : 
 
 (4) Subsection three of section two of this Act 
 shall not apply to any county in Ireland, 
 except by order of the Local Government 
 Board for Ireland made on the application of 
 the council of that county : 
 
 (5) Articles forty, forty-three, and forty-five of 
 the schedule to the Local Government 
 (Application of Enactments) Order, 1898, 
 shall be substituted for sections eighty-five, 
 eighty-six, and eighty-eight respectively of 56&n7Vict. 
 the Local Government Act, 1894. 
 
 7. This Act may be cited as the Unemployed Short title. 
 Workmen Act, 1905.
 
 56 & 57 Vict. 
 c. 73. 
 
 36 [oEdw. 7.] Unemployed Worlanen Act, \90b. [Ch. 18.] 
 
 Duration of 8. This Act shall contintie in force for three years 
 
 from the date of the passing thereof, and no longer, 
 
 unless Parliament otherwise determine, and at the 
 
 expiration of that period, unless this Act is so continued 
 
 as aforesaid, the Local Government Board shall make 
 
 such orders as they think necessary for dissolving the 
 
 central bodies and distress commmittees established 
 
 under this Act, and transferring their property and 
 
 liabilities ; and for the purposes of such transfer 
 
 sections eighty-five, eighty-six, and eighty-eight of the 
 
 Local Government Act, 1894 (which relate to current 
 
 rates, existing securities and debts, and pending 
 
 contracts, &c.), shall apply, with such modifications 
 
 and adaptations as may be made by order of the Local 
 
 Government Board. 
 
 Note. — The date of the Act was the 11th August, 1905, the 
 period of the three years, therefore, commenced to run from that 
 date. 
 
 The Sections of the Local Goveniment Act, 1894, men- 
 tioned in this Section of the Act, are as follows : — 
 
 Local Government Act, 1894, 56 and 57 Vict., cap. 73. 
 
 Section 85 (1) Every rate and precept for contributions 
 made before the appointed day may be assessed, levied, and 
 collected, and proceedings for the enforcement thereof taken, in 
 like jnanner as nearly as may be as if this Act had not passed. 
 
 (2) The accoiints of all receipts and expenditure before 
 the appointed day shall be audited, and disallowances, sur- 
 charges, and penalties recovered and enforced, and other 
 consequential proceedings had, in like manner as nearly as 
 may be as if this Act had not passed, but as soon as practicalile 
 after the appointed day ; and every authoi'ity, connaittee, or 
 othcer whose duty it is to make up any accounts, or to account 
 for any portion of tlie receipts or expenditure in any account 
 shall, until the audit is completed, lie deemed for the purpose 
 of such audit to continue in oiHce, and be bound to perform the 
 same duties and render the same accounts and be subject to the 
 same liabilities as before the aj^pointed day.
 
 [5 Edw. 7.] Unent/dvi/cd Workmen Act, 1905. [Ch. 18.] 37 
 
 Sect. 8. — Note — 
 
 (3) All proceedings, legal and other, coiniuenced before 
 the appointed day may 1)6 carried on in like manner, as 
 nearly as may be as if this Act had not passed, and any 
 such legal proceeding may l)e amended in such manner as may 
 appear necessary or proper in order to bring it into conformity 
 with the provisions of this Act. 
 
 (4) Every valuation list made for a parish divided by 
 this Act shall continue in force until a new valuation list 
 is made. 
 
 (5) The change of name of an Urban Sanitary Authority 
 shall not effect their identity as a corporate body or deviate 
 from their powers, and any enactment in any Act, whether 
 public, general, or local and personal, referring to the members 
 of such authority shall, unless inconsistant with this Act, 
 continue to refer to the members of such authority under its 
 new name. 
 
 Section 86 (1) Nothing in this Act shall ])re judicially 
 affect any securities granted before the passing of this Act on 
 the credit of any rate or property transferred to a Council or 
 Parish Meeting by this Act, and all such securities as well as 
 all unsecured deljts, lialnlities, and obligations incurred by any 
 Authority in the exercise of any powers ; or in relation to any 
 property transferred from them to a Council or Parish Meeting, 
 shall be discharged, i)aid, and satisfied by that Council or 
 Parish Meeting, and where for that purpose it is necessary to 
 continue the levy of any rate or the exercise of any power 
 ■which would have existed but for this Act, that rate may con- 
 tinue to be levied and that power to be exercised either by the 
 authority who otherwise would have levied or exercised the 
 same, or by the transferee as the case may require. 
 
 (2) It shall be the duty of every authority whose powers, 
 duties, and lial)ilities are transferred l)y this Act to liquidate, 
 so far as practicable before the appointed day, all current debts 
 and liabilities incurred by such authority. 
 
 Section 8S (1) If at the time when any powei-s, duties, 
 liabilities, debts, or property are by this Act transferred to a 
 Council or parish meeting, any action or proceeding, or any 
 cause of action or proceeding is pending or existing by or 
 against any authority in relation thereto the sanu^ siiall not be 
 in anywise prejudicially affected by the ])assing of this Act, 
 but may be continued, ])rosecuted, and enforced by or against 
 the council or parish meeting as successors of the said authority 
 in like manner as if this Act had not been passed. 
 
 407509
 
 38 [5 Edw. 7.] Uiiemjloyed Worhnen Act, 1905. [Cn. IS.] 
 
 Sect. 8. — Note — 
 
 (2) All contracts, deeds, bonds, agreements, and other 
 instruments subsisting at the time of the transfer in this 
 section mentioned, and effecting any of such powers, duties, 
 liabilities, debts, or property, shall be of as full force and effect 
 against or in favour of the council or parish meeting, and may 
 be enforced as fully and effectually as if, instead of the 
 authority, the council or parish meeting had been a party 
 thereto.
 
 "THE ORGANISATION (UNEMPLOYED 
 
 WORKMEN) ESTABLISHMENT ORDER, 1905." 
 
 [Order for London]. 
 
 ^0 tl)e c£on^o^ ^ountg Council:— 
 
 To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the 
 City of London in Common Council assem- 
 bled ; 
 
 To the Councils of the several Metropolitan 
 Boroughs ; 
 
 To the Boards of Guardians of the several Poor 
 Law Unions in the Administrative County 
 of London ; 
 
 To the several Distress Committees and to the 
 Central Body to be established in pursuance 
 of the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, for 
 the said Administrative County ; 
 
 And to all others whom it may concern. 
 
 WHEREAS by sub-sections (1) and (8) of Section 1 
 of the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, it is enacted 
 that :— 
 
 "1. (1) For the purposes of this Act there 
 "shall be established, by Order of the Local 
 " Government Board under tliis Act, a distress
 
 40 TJie OrgMiiscdion EstabUshnient \^London'] Order. 
 
 " committee of the council of every metropolitan 
 " borough in London, consisting partly of members 
 " of the borough council and partly of members 
 " of the board of guardians of every poor law 
 " union Avholly or partly within the borough 
 "and of persons experienced in the relief of 
 " distress, and a central body for the whole of the 
 '■ administrative county of London, consisting 
 " partly of members of and selected by the distress 
 " committees and of members of and selected by 
 " the London County Council, and partly of 
 " persons co-opted to be additional members of 
 " the body, and partly, if the Order so p)rovides, 
 " of pei'sons nominated by the Local Goverment 
 " Board, but the number of the persons so co-opted 
 "and nominated shall not exceed one-fourth of 
 " the total number of the body, and every such 
 " order shall provide that one member at least of 
 " the committee or body established by the order 
 " shall be a woman. 
 
 " (8) This section shall apply to the City of 
 " London as if the City of London were a metro- 
 " politan borough, and the mayor, aldermen, 
 '• and commons of the City of Loudon in common 
 " council assembled were the council of the 
 " boi-ough, and any contribution required for the 
 " purposes of this Act shall be ]:iaid out of the 
 " consolidated rate, but shall not be reckoned in 
 " calculating the amount of the rate for the 
 " purjjose of any limit on that amount."
 
 The Orgcinisation Establishment \_London^ Order. 41 
 
 And whereas by sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 
 4 of the Act it is enacted that : — 
 
 '■?. (1) An order of the Local Government 
 " Board under this Act establishing a central body 
 " or distress committee may provide for the con- 
 " stitution and proceedings of that body or 
 " committee, and, in the case of an order estab- 
 " lishing a central body, for the incorporation of 
 " that body by an ajipropi-iate name, and, where 
 " any property or liabilities are taken over from 
 " any other body, for effecting by virtue of the 
 "order the transfer of that property or those 
 " liabilities, and also for any matter for which 
 " pi'ovisiou may be made by regulations under 
 " this Act, and for Avhich it appears desirable to 
 " make special provision affecting" only the body 
 "or committee established by the order. 
 
 " (2) An order of the Local Government 
 " Board under this Act may be varied and revoked 
 " by any subsequent order of the Board made 
 " under this Act." 
 
 NOW THEREFORE, We, the Local Government 
 Board, in the exei^cise of Our powers in that behalf, do 
 hei'eby Order as follows, that is to say : — 
 
 Article I. Li this Order unless the contrary interpre- 
 tation, 
 intention appears : — 
 
 (a) vVords im])()rting the masculine gender 
 include females;
 
 42 The Organisation EsiablisJnnent \_London^ Order. 
 
 Art. I. 
 
 (h) Words in the singular include the plural, and 
 words in the plural include the singular; 
 
 (c) The expression " the Act " means the Unem- 
 ployed Workmen Act, 1905 ; 
 
 The expression "the Common Council," means 
 the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the- 
 City of London in Common Council assem- 
 bled ; and 
 
 The expression " the County Council " means the 
 London County Council. 
 
 Con- Article II. (1) There shall be established a 
 
 stiiution of _ 
 
 Distress Distress Committee of the Common Council, and also 
 
 Committees 
 
 a Distress Committee of the Council of every Metro- 
 politan Borough. 
 
 (2) The Distress Committee of the Common Council 
 shall comprise twenty-five members, that is to say — 
 
 Twelve members appointed by the Common 
 
 Council from their own body ; 
 Eight members appointed by the Common 
 Council and being persons selected by the 
 Board of Guardians of the City of London 
 Union from their own body ; and 
 
 Five members (of whom one at least shall be a 
 woman) appointed by the Common Council 
 from outside their own body, but from, 
 persons experienced in the relief of distress.
 
 The Organisation Establishment [^Londoii'] Order. 43 
 
 Art, II. 
 
 (8) Tlie Distress Committee of each Metropolitan 
 Borough Council shall comprise the total number of 
 members specified in relation to the Metropolitan 
 Borough in Column 6 of the Schedule to this Order. 
 
 The total number of members specified as aforesaid 
 shall consist of — 
 
 (i.) Such number of members appointed by the 
 Borough Council from their own body as is 
 specified in relation to the Metropolitan 
 Borough in Column 3 of the Schedule to 
 this Order ; 
 
 (ii.) Such number of members appointed by the 
 Box'ough Council and being persons selected 
 by the Board of Guardians of each Poor Law 
 Union wholly or partly in the Metropolitan 
 Borough as in relation to the Metropolitan 
 Borough and the Poor Law Union named in 
 Column 2 of the Schedule to this Order is 
 specified in Column 4 of that Schedule, 
 opposite to the names of the Metropolitan 
 Boi'ough and Poor Law Union ; and 
 
 (iii.) Such number of members (of whom one at 
 least shall be a woman) appointed by the 
 Borough Council from outside their own 
 body, but from persons experienced in the 
 relief of distress as is s{)ecified in relation to 
 tlie Metropolitan Borough in Column 5 of 
 the Schedule to this Order.
 
 44 'The Organisation Establishment [^London'\ Order. 
 
 \n. [I.— Note— 
 
 (1). Constitution, of Distress Committee. 
 
 This estaldisliinent of Distress Committees is in accordance 
 with the requirement of Section 1 (1) of the Act. While 
 Section 1 (1) of the Act names the three constituent parts of 
 each Distress Committee, it is left to the Local Government 
 liy Section 4 (1) to prescribe the number of members each part 
 shall have. In tiieir circular letter (20th September, 1905), 
 accompanying the London Order, the Board say that : — 
 
 "The Order prescribes the number of members of the 
 Committee. In the case of the City of London, and of each 
 Metropolitan Borough with a population of upwards of 150,000 
 persons according to the last Census the total number of members 
 i>t fixed at 25, made uj) of twelve members appointed by the 
 Council from their own body, eight members appointed by them 
 but selected by the Guardians from their own boily, and five 
 persons appointed by the Council from outside their own body 
 but from persons experienced in the relief of distress. In the 
 case of every other Metropolitan Borough the numbers -will be 
 ten, six, and four respectively, making a total of twenty 
 members." 
 
 "The numbers to be appointed in any particular case will 
 be seen on reference to Article II., and to the Schedule to the 
 Order." 
 
 "Where more than one Poor Law Union is wholly or 
 partly within a borough the number of Guardians to be 
 appointed has been divided between the Unions concerned, 
 regard being had to their population and ratsable value." 
 
 (2). Women I\l embers of Distress Committees. 
 
 Section 1 (1) of the Act requires in respect of each Com- 
 mittee that one memljer at least "shall be a M'oman." As 
 women are not eligible to be elected Councillors of Metropolitan 
 Boroitghs (London Government Act, 1899, Section 2 (1), 62 
 and 63 A'ict., c. 14), and as thei-e is no guarantee of there 
 being any women members of Boards of Guardians, although 
 women are eligible to l)e elected (Local Government Act, 1894, 
 Section 20 (2), 56 and 57 Vict., c 73), the Board by their Order 
 have met the requirement of the Act by providing that of 
 persons chosen from "persons experienced in the relief of 
 distress" to be members of the Distress Committee, one at 
 least shall be a woman. The Local Government Board 
 observe that "The Council maj' deem it desiralile to appoint 
 more than one woman on the Committee, especially if the 
 representatives of the Guardians do not include a woman." 
 [L.G.B.C.L., 20th September, 1905.]
 
 The Organisation Establishment [Lo7idon'] Order. 
 
 45 
 
 Art. IT. — Note — 
 (SJ. Persons crperienced in Belief of Distress. 
 
 The Unemployed Workmen Bill as on<;inally introduced 
 in the House of Commons, provided for the Distress Committees 
 to 1)6 entirely composed of Councillors and (riiardians. In 
 Committee the President of the Local Government Board (Mr. 
 G. Balfour, M.P.) proposed an amendment to enlarge the con- 
 stitution by the addition of "persons of experience in the 
 administration of Charities." After strong objection by Mr. 
 Keir Hardie, M. P., that the M'ords "in the administration of 
 Charities " would lead to the setting up of invidious distinctions 
 under which Secretaries of Trail es' Unions and other persons 
 not members of a Charity Organisation Society might be 
 excluded, an amendment in the words "iierson experienced in 
 the relief of distress," was adopted. A precedent for such 
 co-optation is found in the Elementary Education Act, 1902, 
 Section 17 (3) (6) (2 Edwaixl VII., c. 42), where it is made 
 obligatory that "persons of experience in Education" shall be 
 co-opted on the Local Eilucation Committee. Tliere is no 
 stipulation either in the present Act or the Order that the 
 "persons experienced in the relief of distress " shall be either 
 Ratepayers or residents of the area for whicli the Distress 
 Committee is elected ; nor have the Local Government Board 
 attempted to give any advice in the matter. The selection and 
 the election of such persons from outside the Couiu'il to the 
 nuniljcr specified in Column 5 of the Scliedule to the Order, 
 neither more nor less [L.(i. B.C.L., 20tli Septem])er, 1905], is, 
 therefore, a matter entirely for tiie Council. No one, however, 
 can 1)6 elected wim is disqualitied under Article X of the Order. 
 See Note to' that Article. 
 
 Article ITI. (1) At a nieetiim- to be held within Selection 
 
 ^ ^ - and 
 
 three weeks from the date of this Order, or within appoint- 
 
 ' ment of 
 
 such further time as We may allow, the Board of ^fg^^g""^ "^^ 
 Guardians of the City of London Union, and every Committees 
 Board of Guardians of a Poor Law Union wholly or 
 partly in a Metropolitan Borough shall select from 
 their own body the pei-sons who are to be afterwards 
 appointed, in the one case by tlie Common Council, 
 and, in the other case, by the Boroug-h Council, as 
 members of a Distress Committee ; and the Clei-k to
 
 46 The Organisation Establishment [London^ Order. 
 
 Art. III. 
 the Guardians shall forthwith communicate the names, 
 addresses, and descriptions of the said persons to the 
 Common Council or to the Borough Council, as the 
 case may require. 
 
 (2) The Common Council and each Borough Council 
 shall, at a meeting to be held before the expiration of 
 five weeks from the date of this Order, or within such 
 further time as We may allow, appoint the members of 
 the Distress Committee of the Common Council or of 
 the Borough Council, as the case may be. 
 
 (3) The Town Clerk, or other officer or person by 
 whom notices of meeting of the Common Council or 
 Borough Council are given, shall give to every member 
 not less than seven days' pi'evious notice in writing of 
 the meeting at which the appointment of members of a 
 Distress Committee is to be made and of the intention 
 to make the appointment. 
 
 (1) Selection of Gnardians as Members of Distress Coinmittee. 
 
 The selection is to be made by each Board to M'hom the 
 Order applies by not later than the Uth October, 1905 [three 
 Aveeks from the date of tlie Order],. or within such further time 
 as the Local Government Board may allow. " It is desirable 
 that the selection should be made at the earhest possiible dace 
 and the Board consider it should be made within tlie three 
 weeks in all cases, unless this is really impracticable " [L.G. 
 B.C.L., 20th September, 1905]. The Order does not require 
 notice to be given to the Guardians of the Meeting at which the 
 selection is to be made. Regulations wliicli the (ruardians, as 
 empowered by Sect. 59 (l)of the Local Government Act, 1894, 
 (56 and 57 Vic, c. 73), may have made with respect to notice of 
 meetings and to the transaction and management of their 
 business should however be complied with if time permit. The
 
 TJic Organisation EstahUs1nucnt[^Loiidoii'] Order. 47 
 
 Art. III. — Note— 
 comnuinication to be made l>y the Clerk to the (4uardians of 
 the selection made l)y the (Guardians is to be made forthwith. 
 "Forthwith" has in a number of cases been construed as 
 meaning "within a reasonable time," but it should be taken 
 in the present connexion as meaning "Avithout delay" (per 
 Jessel, M. K. , re Sonthan, ex jiarte Lamb, 51 L.J. ch. 207). 
 The Local Government Board accordingly say that — "As 
 soon as the selection is made, the names, addresses and 
 descriptions of the persons selected ai'e to be sent by the 
 Clerk to the Guardians to the Common Council or the 
 Borough Council, as the case may requii'e." 
 
 The communication should be a written notice sent to the 
 Clerk of the Council. 
 
 Although the Guardians are only to select, not to appoint, 
 it is the duty of the Council to appoint the Guardians selected 
 not exceeding the number allowed by the Order. 
 
 (2) Appoint)?ient of the Distress Committee. 
 
 The appointment has to be made not later than the 
 2oth Octolier, 1905 (by which date the five weeks from the date 
 of the Order expires) or witliin such further time as the Local 
 Govemiuent Beard may allow. "It will probably be con- 
 venient that no appointment should be made until each Board 
 of Guardians in the Borougli have selected their representatives, 
 as otherwise these representatives nnist be appointed at a 
 subsequent meeting ; but it is desirable that the ai>])ointment 
 should take place at the earliest date practicable, and the Board 
 suggest that the Council sliould ascertain when the names of 
 the persons selected by the Guardians will be received, so that 
 the appointment of the members of the Committee may be 
 made as soon as possible afterwards [L.G.B.C.L., 20th Sep- 
 tember, 1905]. 
 
 (3) The Distress Committee a Committee oj the Council. 
 
 In their ('ircular Letter of the 20th, September, 1905, the 
 Local (xovernment Board, having in mind Section 1 (1) of the 
 Act, point out that the "Distress Committee will lie a Com- 
 mittee of the Borough Council." In so far as the actual 
 appointment of the Committee has to be made by the Council, 
 that is so. The Council, however, in appointing the Connuittee 
 are not left with any discretion as to the size of the Committee, 
 for they must comply with the terms of the Order. Moreover, 
 the procedure of the Committee is prescribed by the Order 
 [Art. XIV] ami not left to the Council to ]>rescribe. 
 Therefore: — "Unless Bules [made under Article XIV] so 
 require, it will not Vie necessary that the acts of the Committee 
 sliould be submitted for continuation to the Council by whom 
 they are ajjpointed." [L.G.B.C.L. with Regulations, 10th 
 October, 1905].
 
 Term of 
 office of 
 members of 
 Distress 
 Committees 
 
 48 The Organisatioii EstdhlisJinient \_London'\ Order. 
 
 Art. III.— Note— 
 
 (4) Notice of Council Meeting at vliich the appointincni is 
 to be made. 
 "Not less than seven flays' previous notice" means seven 
 days exclusive of the daj^ on wiiich the notice is given and of 
 the day on which the meeting is held [Zouch v. Empsey, 4 B. 
 and Aid. 522; E.v. J. J. Salop, 7 L.J.MC. 56]. "The giving 
 of this notice need not be deferred until the names of the 
 selected Guardians are received, if it is ascertained at what date 
 they will be received, and the meeting is lised for some day 
 subsequent to that date. [L.G.B.C.L., 20th September, 1905]. 
 
 Removal of difficid/ies in establishment of Committee. 
 See Article XV. 
 
 Article TV. (1) A member of a Distress Com- 
 mittee Avlio is a member of the Common Council, of a 
 Borouo-li Council, or of a Boai'd of Guardians shall 
 continue in office until he dies, or resigns, or goes out 
 of office as a member of the Council by whom he was 
 appointed, or of the Board of Guardians bv whom he 
 was selected for appointment as a member of a Distress 
 Committee, or until he becomes disqualified by virtue 
 of this Order. 
 
 (2) A member of a Distress Committee who has 
 been appointed by the Common Council or by a 
 Borough Council from outside their own body, but 
 from persons experienced in the relief of distress, shall 
 continue in oifice until he dies, or resigns, or completes 
 the period for which he was appointed to serve as a 
 member of the Distress Committee, or until he becomes 
 disqualified by virtue of this Order: 
 
 Provided that a member of a Distress Committee 
 who ceases to hold office in pursuance of this Article 
 shall be re-eligible as a member of the Distress Com- 
 mittee if, at the time of re-appointment, he is qualified 
 to be so re-appointed.
 
 The Org(.nisation Establishment 'iLoDclon'] Order. 49 
 
 Art. IV.— Note— 
 (1). Term of Office of Members of Distress Committees. 
 
 " Neitlier the Council nor the Guardians are empowered 
 to deal with this matter as regards their representatives on the 
 Committee, hut as regards any memher appointed from persons 
 experienced in the relief of distress, it will be competent for the 
 Council to pi'escribe the period for which he is appointed to 
 serve as a member of the Committee. The Council will 
 probal)ly dt em it desirable to exercise this power, and the 
 Board suggest that the first appointment migiit be made for 
 the period up to the 31st March, 1907, inclusive. If no period 
 is specified, the member Avill hold office v.ntil he dies, or resigns, 
 or becomes disqualihed by virtue of the Order " [L.G.B.C.L., 
 20th September, 1905]. 
 
 (2). Besignation. 
 
 A Councillor or Guardian Member of the Committee, 
 will be. at liberty to resign membership of the Committee 
 witliout resigning his office as a Coi^ncillor or Guardian. The 
 Order does not mention as to whom Notice of Eesignation is to 
 be given, or when the IJesignation is to be considered effected. 
 In the absence of any regulation in the matter it is submitted 
 that a written notice of the resignation, given to the Distress 
 Committee by the member resigning, will be a sufficient 
 resignation, and that the resignation is completely effected on 
 the notice being delivered at a meeting of the Committee or to 
 the clerk of the Committee. If a similar notice be also given 
 to the Council, and in the case of the resignation of a Guardian 
 Member of the Committee to the Board of Guardians, no I'oom 
 will remain for doubt as to the sufficiency of the resignation. 
 
 (3). Di-iqitalifcation Jor Office. See Article X. of the Order. 
 
 Article V. (1) On a vacancy occurring in a casual 
 Distress Committee by reason of the death or resigna- m Distress 
 
 1 • T /-I -1 1 1 Committees 
 
 tion ot a member, or otherwise, the Council by whom 
 that member was appointed shall, subject to this Order, 
 appoint another member in his place. 
 
 The person appointed to fill the vacancy shall be 
 appointed at a meeting of the Council to be lield 
 within four weeks after the occurrence of that vacancy,
 
 50 The Organisrdion Establishment [//OHrfow] Order. 
 
 Art. V. 
 or, where the appointment is to be made of a person 
 selected by a Board of Guardians, at that meeting of 
 the Council which will be held immediately after the 
 expiration of seven days from the date of the communi- 
 cation to the Council of the names, address, and 
 description of the pei'son selected, or, in either case, 
 within such further time as We may allow. 
 
 (2) The Town Clerk or other officer or person by 
 whom notices of meeting of the Council are given shall 
 give to each member of the Council seven days' previous 
 notice in writing of the meeting at which the appoint- 
 ment is to be made, and of the intention to make the 
 appointment. 
 
 The Town Clerk or other officer or person as afore- 
 said after any such appointment is made shall forthwith 
 notify in writing to the Clerk to the Distress Committee 
 the names, address, and description of the person 
 appointed. 
 
 (1) Notice of Vacfoicy. 
 
 The terms of the Order as to the notice to he given by the 
 Town Clerk, to each member of the Council, of meeting of the 
 Council at which the casual vacancy is to be filled, are identical 
 with the terms re original appointment of Committee. See 
 Article III. (.3). But the Order cantains no directions as to 
 who is to make communication of the fact that a vacancy has 
 arisen. In the case of vacancy by death, resignation or other- 
 wise of a Guardian member of the Committee it is apriarently 
 taken for granted — (1) that the fact of the vacancy will be 
 Mdthin the knowledge of the Board of Guardians concerned ; 
 
 (2) that the Board will proceed as on the occasion of the 
 original selection under Art. III. of the Order, to select a 
 Guardian to fill the vacancies ; and (3) that the communi- 
 cation of the selection will be made, again as on the original 
 Section, by the Clerk to the Guardians [See Art. III. (1)].
 
 The Organisation Estahlishment [^London] Order. 51 
 
 Article V — Note— 
 Where the vacancy arises from the death or going out of office 
 of a Councillor, the fact of course is hound to be within the 
 knowledge of the Council and their Clerk. 
 
 The deficiency of the Order in respect of explicit dii-ection 
 as to who is to notify that a casual vacancy has arisen may be 
 met by the Distress Committee giving, in accordance with their 
 powers under Art. XIV. of the Order, such directions to their 
 Clerk as may be deemed necessary. Where vacancy of seat 
 arises from disqualification or absence, the Committee have not 
 only to declare seat vacant, but the vacancy has to be notified 
 in such manner as Committee shall direct. See Local Govern- 
 ment Act, 1894 (56 and 57 Vict., c. 73), Section 46 (7), Note to 
 Article X. 
 
 (2) Time in which vacancy is to he filled. 
 
 Clause (1) of the Article is not very well drawn, but the 
 evident intention is that, where a vacancy occurs in the Distress 
 Committee by the death or resignation of a member, or 
 otherwise, and that member was a Councillor or a member 
 selected from persons experienced in the relief of distress, the 
 vacancy shall be filled within four weeks after the occurrence of 
 the vacancy, but if the memlier was a Guardian then the 
 vacancy shall be filled at the Council meeting held as soon as 
 may be (for that is the meaning of the word "immediately" as 
 used in the Art.) after communication made by the Clerk to the 
 Guardians of the ])erson selected by the CJuardiatis to fill the 
 vacancy, and the Town Clerk has given the requisite notice 
 required by Clause (2) of the Article. There is no stated time 
 in which the Guardians are to select one of their number to fill 
 vacancy. 
 
 (3) Meaning of Terms. 
 
 " Within four weeks after the occurrence." The first day 
 of the four weeks is the day that next follows the day of the 
 occurrence. On the expre.ssion "Forthwith" see Note (1) on 
 Art. III., and on expression "Seven days" see Note (4) on 
 Art. III. 
 
 AirncLK VI. (1) There shall be established a Consti- 
 
 tution of 
 
 Central Body for the Administrative County of London. <'eQtrai 
 
 '' •' Body. 
 
 The Central Body shall be a body corporate by the 
 name of " The Central (Unemployed) Body for 
 London," with perpetual succession, and a common seal,
 
 52 The Organisation Estahlishment \_Lonclon'\ Order. 
 
 Art. VI. 
 and with power to sue and be sued in that name, and to 
 hold lands without any licence in mortmain for the 
 purposes of tlie Act. 
 
 (2) The Central Body shall comprise — 
 
 Four members selected from their own body by 
 the County Council : 
 
 Four members selected in each case from their 
 own body by the Distress Committee of the 
 Common Council and by the Distress Committee 
 of the Council of the Metropolitan Borough of 
 Westminster : 
 
 Two members selected in each case from their 
 own body by the Distress Committee of every 
 other Borough Council : 
 
 Such number of members (not exceeding eight) 
 as ma}' be nominated by Us : and 
 
 Eight persons (of whom one at least shall be a 
 woman) co-opted to be additional members of the 
 Central Body by the members selected and 
 nominated as aforesaid. 
 
 (1). Constitution of Central Body. 
 
 This Establishment of Central Body is in accordance with 
 requirement of Section 1 (1) of the Act. While Section 1 (1) of 
 the Act names the four (three obligatory and one at the option 
 of the Local (government Board) constituent parts of Central 
 Body, it is left to the Board by Section 4 (1) to prescribe 
 the pi'oportionate parts subject to the limitation made by
 
 The Organisation E-'^tabUslimcnt [London^ Order. 53 
 
 Art. VI.— Note — 
 Section 1 (1) as to the number of persons co-opted by the 
 Central Body and the persons nominated by the said Board. 
 The total membership of the Central Body as provided for in 
 tlie Order is 84. The number of nominated and co-opted 
 members i)rovided for is 16, or rather less than one-fifth of the 
 total The one-fifth proportion is the projiortion adojited for 
 the Distress Committees in resjiect of the person elected on those 
 Committees from "persons experienced in the relief of distress." 
 
 {2 J. The Central Body a Body Corporate. 
 
 The provision of the order making the Central Body a 
 Body Corporate with perpetual succession, t*ce. , is in accordance 
 with the delegated lejrislative authority given to the Ijocal 
 Government Board by Section 4 of the Act. The Central Body 
 will therefore have the status of Local Authorities under the 
 Local Government Acts. 
 
 (3). Perpetual Succession and Common Seal. 
 
 The Act is only for three years and, if there should be no 
 rpupw al or extension of, or substitution for, its provisions, the 
 Central Body must cease to exist. The expression " Perpetual 
 Succession " in the order means that the succession of the 
 Central Body as a corporation is preserved and unaffected, 
 notwithstanding any changes there may be by individuals going 
 out of, or coming into membership. The Common Seal is the 
 symbol of Incorporation and is in the making of contracts, &g., 
 the corporation's "hand and mouthpiece." 
 
 (4). Lands. 
 
 The explanation of the right given " to hold lands without 
 license in mortmain for the purposes of the Act" is tliat in 
 Section 1 (1) of the Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, 1888 
 (51 and 52 Vict. C. 42), it is enacted that land shall not be 
 assured to or for the benefit of, or acquired by or on behalf of 
 any Corporation in mortmain, otherwise than under the authority 
 of a license from the Crown, or of a Statute for the time being 
 in force, and that if any land is so assured otherwise than as 
 aforesaid the land shall be forfeited to the Crown.. 
 
 The said Act of 1888, is an Act amending and consolidating 
 the old Statutes prohil»iting under iiain of forfeiture the alien- 
 ation of land "to religious and other corporations which were 
 supi>osed to hold them in a dead or unservicable hand."
 
 54 The Organisation Estahlislunent [^London'] Order. 
 
 Art. VI. — Note — 
 
 Land is defined by Section 3 of The Mortmain and 
 Charitable Uses Act, 1891, (54 and 55 Vict. C. 73) as including 
 tenements and hereditaments corporeal or incorporeal of any 
 tenure, but not money secured, or land, or other personal estate 
 arising from or connected with land. 
 
 (5). Nominated and Co-opted Members. 
 
 The Unemployed Workmens Bill, as originally introduced 
 in the House of Commons, provided for the Central Body to be 
 constituted of members of tlie Distress Committees and of the 
 London County Council, with po\\er to co-opt additional 
 members up to a fourth of the total number of the body. 
 There was no provision for the Local Govemuient Board to 
 nominate members. This provision was added during the 
 Committee stage in the House of Commons on an amendment 
 (at once adopted by the House) of Captain Jessel, ]\1.P. for 
 St. Pancras, who pointed out that such a provision would enable 
 the Board to bring into the Central Body well-known men, such 
 as Mr. Charles Booth, the Bishop of Stepney, and Mr. Steadman, 
 who otherwise might not lind a seat on this body. A precedent 
 for vesting such power in the Local Government Board is 
 contained in Section 11 of the Metropolitan Poor Act, 1S(37 
 (30 Vict. C. 6) under which the said Board nominate members 
 of the Metropolitan Asylums Board. It will be found on 
 reference to Section 1 (1) of the present Act, that it is not 
 insisted upon by the terms of tlie Act, that tliere shall be 
 nominated members on " the Central (Unemployed) Body for 
 London." There are only to be such members if the Local 
 Government Board's Order so provides. The present Order 
 so provides. 
 
 The nomination comj)letes the Election. 
 
 No ij[ualilication is laid down in the Act or Order with 
 respect to either nominated or co-oi)ted members. They need 
 not be resident in London, nor Katepayers, They must, 
 however, be jjersous who are not disqualified by Article X. — See 
 that Article and tlie note thereon. 
 
 (6 J. Woollen ih embers aj the Central Body. 
 
 Section 1 (1) of the Act I'equires that at least one member 
 of the Central Body "shall be a woman." This rec^uirement 
 is met by the Order providing that of the eight co-opted 
 members "one at lease shall be a woman." 
 
 See further Note (2) to Article II.
 
 The Organisation Establishment [London^ Order. 55 
 
 Aeticlp: V'II. (1) The County Council at a meeting Appoint- 
 to be held within six weeks from the date of this Order, of members 
 and each. .Distress Committee at a meeting to be held Body. 
 within two weeks after theii- appointment, or within such 
 further time as We 7naj allow, shall select such number 
 of members of the Central Body as the Council or the 
 Distress Committee are entitled to select. 
 
 (2) The Clerk, or other officer or person by whom 
 notices of meeting of the Council or Distress Committee 
 are given, shall give to each member not less than seven 
 days' previous notice in writing of the meeting at which 
 members of the Central Body are to be selected and of 
 the intention to make the selection. 
 
 The Clerk or other officer or person aforesaid, after 
 the selection of members, shall forthwith cause the 
 names, addresses, and descriptions of the several 
 members selected to be transmitted to Us. 
 
 (3) After the selection of members of the Centi-al 
 Body by the Council and by the several Distress 
 Committees, and the nomination of members by Us, the 
 members of the Central Body shall, for the ]jur})ose of 
 co-opting additional members, attend a preliminary 
 meeting at a time and place to be fixed by Us and in 
 other respects in accordance with arrangements to be 
 made by Us.
 
 56 The Organisofion Establishment '^London'] Order. 
 
 Art. vri. 
 
 Every iiiember who desires to propose tliat the 
 Central Body shall co-opt a person as an additional 
 member shall, not less than seven days before the date 
 appointed by Us for the preliminary meeting, transmit 
 the names, address, and description of the person to Us. 
 
 (4) The first meeting of the Central Body shall be 
 held at a time and place to be fixed by Us. 
 
 (1). Appointment of the Members oj' Central Body. 
 
 The period of six weeks from the date of the Order ('20th 
 September. 1905) expires on the 1st ^November, 1905, by that 
 date therefore tlie County Council must appoint their members 
 on the Central Body, unless the Local (Tovernment Board 
 extend the time. Any Distress Committee not appointed until 
 the 25th October, 1905 (see Article III.), will have until the 
 8th November for the appointment of their members on the 
 Central Body, but if apjiointed before the 25th October, then 
 their appointment of their members on the Central Body will 
 be so much earlier than the 8th November, as the fourteen days 
 from the day of the Committee itself beinc: appointed will make 
 it. " It is desirable that the -selection should be made within 
 the precise periods mentioned in the Article, so that the Central 
 Body may be constituted as soon as pcssible." — [L.G.B.C.L., 
 20th September, 1905.] 
 
 (2) Notice of Council or Distress Committee Meeting to appoint 
 Represe n tativ es. 
 
 See Note (4) to Article III. 
 
 (3). Notice of desire to propose to co-opt a person. 
 
 Care should be taken (1) that notice by letter, addressed 
 to the Secretary of the Board, is sent by the time required, and 
 (2) that it contains the information required by the Article, 
 viz. : the full name, address, and the trade, profession or rank 
 of the person to be proposed. The Central Body will have to 
 make its own re^'ulations as to any notice required for proposal 
 to co-opt on vacancy occurring, or on term of service expiring. 
 
 (4)- Meaning of Terms. 
 
 For the reckoning of time, and explanation of the 
 expression "forthwith," see Note (4) and Note (1) to Article III.
 
 The Organisation Establisltinent \_Lon(ion'] Order. 57 
 
 Article VIII. A member of tlie Central Body who Term 
 
 ^^^ office of 
 
 lias been selected by the County Council, or by a members of 
 
 Central 
 
 Distress Committee, shall continue in office until he dies Body. 
 or resigns or goes out of office as a member of the 
 Council or Distress Committee or until he becomes 
 disqualified by virtue of this Order. 
 
 An additional member of the Central Body shall 
 continue in office until lie dies or resigns or completes 
 the period for which he was co-opted or until he 
 becomes disqualified by virtue of this Order. 
 
 A member nominated by Us shall continue in office 
 until lie dies or lesigns or completes the pei'iod for 
 which he was nominated, or until his nomination is 
 cancelled, or until he becomes disqualified by virtue of 
 this Order : 
 
 Provided that a selected member, or an additional 
 member of the Central Bod}-, who ceases to hold office 
 in pursuance of this Article shall be re-eligible as a 
 member of the Central Body if at the time of his being 
 again selected or co-opted he is qualified to be so 
 selected or co-opted. 
 
 (1) Term of Office of Members of Central Body. 
 
 The term of office is conditioned in the same way as the 
 term of office of members of the Distress Coiiunittee under 
 Article IV., save as to nominated members. 
 
 (2) Resignation. 
 
 A member of the Central Body who is a Distress Com- 
 mittee represontative will be able to resign liis or her member- 
 ship of tlie Cential Hody without resigning membership of the 
 Distress Committee.
 
 58 The Organisation Establishment [^London^ Order. 
 
 Art. Vlir.— Note- 
 As to Order making no mention as to whom Notice of 
 
 Resignation is to be sent or wlien Resignation is to be considered 
 effected, see Note (2) Article IV. 
 
 In the absence of any regulation in the matter it is 
 submitted that Resignation should be by notice delivered at & 
 meeting of the Central Body or to the Clerk of that Body. 
 
 Article IX. On a vacancy occurrino- in the Central 
 Body by reason of the death or resignation of a member 
 or otherwise, the Council or Distress Committee by 
 whom tliat member was selected, or, in tlie case of an 
 additional member, the Central Body shall, subject to 
 this Order, select or co-opt another member in his 
 place. 
 
 The person selected or co-opted to fill the vacancy 
 shall be selected at a meeting of the Council or Distress 
 Committee, or co-opted at a meeting of the Central 
 Body, to be held within four weeks after the occurrence 
 of tlie vacancy or within such further time as We may 
 allow. 
 
 The Clerk or other officer or person by whom notices 
 o£ meeting of the Council, Distress Committee, or 
 Central Body are given shall give seven days' previous 
 notice in writing of the meeting at which the selection 
 is to be made or the additional member is to be 
 co-opted. 
 
 The Clerk or other person as aforesaid shall, after 
 any such selection by the Council or a Distress Com- 
 mittee, fortwith notify in writing to the Clerk to the 
 Central Body the names, address, and occupation of the 
 person selected.
 
 The Organisation Establislunent \_Loiidon'\ Order. 59 
 
 Art. IX. — Note— 
 ( 1) Notice of Vacanry. 
 
 The Order contains no direction as to who shall notify the 
 County Council or the Di^^tress Committee that a vacancy has 
 occurred in their representation on tlie Central Body — a similar 
 deficiency exists under Article V., see Note (1) Art. V. as to 
 how deliciency may be met, substituting in that note Central 
 Body for Distress Committee. 
 
 The terms of the Article as to notice to l)e given by 
 Town Clerk or Committee Clerk of meeting of Council or 
 Committee to till vacancy are not identical with the terms re 
 original appointment (see Article VII. (2)). No doubt the 
 intention is the same and should be observed as such. 
 
 (;J) Time in tchich to fill vacancy, tbc. 
 
 For reckoning of "Time" and expression "Forthwith" 
 see Note (4) and Note (1) to Art. III. 
 
 Article X. ^Section 46 of the Local Government nisquaii- 
 
 flcations. 
 
 Act, 1894, shall apply to a Distress Committee, and to 
 the Central Ijodj, and to any member, as if, with the 
 necessary modifications, the said section were herein 
 re-enacted and in terms made applicable ; and every 
 person disqualified by the said section as so applied 
 shall become disqualified by virtue of this Order. 
 
 Note. — The Section mentioned in this Article is as 
 follows : — 
 
 Local Government Act 1S94 [56 and 57 Vict., c. 73], 
 Section 46 (1). A person shall be disqualified for being elected 
 or being a member or chairman of a council of a parisli or of a 
 district other than a borough or of a board of guardians if he 
 («) is an infant or an alien ; or 
 
 (6) has within twelve months before his election, or 
 .sint:e his election, received union or parociiial 
 relief ; or 
 (c) has, within live years before his election or since 
 his election, been convicted either on mdict- 
 meiit or summarily of any crime, and sentenced 
 to imprisonment with hard labour without the 
 option of a line, or to any greater punishment, 
 and has not received a free pardon, or has, 
 within or during tiie time aforesaid, been 
 adjnilged bankrupt, or made a composition or 
 arrangement w itli his creditors ; or
 
 60 The Organisation Establislmcnt \^London'\ Order. 
 
 Art. X. — Note — 
 
 (d) holds any paid office under the parisfi c luncil or 
 
 district council or board of guardians, as the 
 case may be ; or 
 
 (e) is concerned in any l)argain or contract entered 
 
 into with the council or board, or participates 
 in the profit of any such bargain or contract 
 or of any work done under the authority of the 
 council or board. 
 
 (2). Provided that a person shall not be disqualified for 
 being elected or being a member or chairman of any such 
 council or board by reason of being interested — 
 
 (a) in the sale or lease of anv lands or in any loan 
 of money to the council or board, or in any 
 contract with the council for the supply from 
 land, of whicli he is owner or occupier, of stone, 
 gravel, or other materials for making or 
 repairing highways or bridges, or in the 
 transport of materials for the repair of roads or 
 bridges in his own immediate neighbourhood ; 
 or 
 
 (5) in any newspaper in which any advertisement 
 relating to the affairs of the council or board is 
 inserted ;'or 
 
 (c) in any contract with the council or board as a 
 shareholder in any joint stock company ; but 
 he shall not vote at any meeting of the council 
 or board on any rjuestion in which such com- 
 pany are interested, excepted that in the case 
 of a water company or other company estab- 
 lished for the carrying on of works of a like 
 public nature, this prohibition may be dispensed 
 with by the county council. 
 
 (3). Where a person who is a parish councillor, or is a 
 candidate for election as a parish councillor, is concerned in any 
 such bargain or contract, or participates in anv such profit, as 
 ■svould disqualify him for being a parish councillor, the disquali- 
 fication may be removed by the county council if they are of 
 opinion that such removal will be beneficial to the parish. 
 
 (4). Where a person is disqualified by being adjudged 
 bankrupt or making a compi>sition or arrangement with his 
 creditors, the disqualification shall cease, in case of Imnkrujitcy, 
 when the adjudication is annulled, or when he obtains his 
 discliyrge with a certificate that his bankruptcy was caused by 
 misfortune without any misconduct on his part, and, in case of 
 composition or arrangement, on payment of his debts in full.
 
 The Organisation Ent(iblishinrnt \_London^ Order. Gl 
 
 Art. X.— Note— 
 
 (5). A person disqualified for being a guardian shall also 
 lie disqualilied for being a rural district councillor. 
 
 (6). If a member of a council of a parish, or of a district 
 other than a borough, or of a hoaid of guardians, is absent 
 from meetings of the council or board for more than six months 
 consecuti\ eiy, except in case of illness, or for some reason 
 approved by the council or board, his ofhce shall on the 
 expiration of those months become vacant. 
 
 (7). Where a member of a council or a board of guardians 
 becomes disqualihed for holding ollice, or vacates his seat for 
 absence, the council or board shall forthwith declare the office 
 to be vacant, and signify the same by notice signed by three 
 members and countersigned by the clerk of the council or board, 
 and notitied in such maimer as the council or board direct, and 
 tlie office shall thereupon become vacant. 
 
 (8). If any person acts when disqualilied, or votes when 
 prohibited under this section, he shall for each offence be liable 
 on summary conviction to a line not exceeding twenty pounds. 
 
 (9). This section shall apply in the case of any authority 
 whose members are elected in accordance with this Act in like 
 manner as if that authority were a district council, and in the 
 case of London auditors as if they were members of a district 
 council. 
 
 In the foregoing Section the following modifications 
 should be observed : — 
 
 (1). "Distress Committee" or "Central Body" should 
 be substituted for such expressions as "Council of a 
 Parish " or "of a District other than a Borough" or 
 "Board of Guardians" or " I*arish Council" or 
 " District Council " or " Council or Board " as the case 
 may require. 
 
 (2). "Members of a Distress Committee or Central 
 Body" should be substituted for "Parish Councillor." 
 
 (3). Sub-Section (5) should be read as deleted. 
 
 On the provisions of the above Section it may be further 
 stated as follows : — 
 
 (a). Infiincy. 
 
 Full age is attained on the day before the 21st birthday. 
 
 (h). Allen. 
 
 On any question as to wlio may lie an Alien, the 
 Naturalization Act, 1S7I» (.33 and 34 Vict., C. 14), should be 
 referred to.
 
 First 
 
 meeting of 
 Distress 
 Committees] 
 
 62 The Organisation Establishment [^T^ondon'] Order. 
 
 Art. X. — Note — 
 (c). Relief. 
 
 See Index under "Relief." 
 (d). Crime. 
 
 A conviction on an offence pnnisliable M'ith imprisonment 
 on summary conviction is a crime that di'squalifies. Conybeare 
 V. London School Board, 60 L..T., Q.]?. 44: 63 L.T. (N.S.) 651 : 
 55 J.P. 151. 
 
 (e). Banlcruptcy. 
 
 In R. V. Coohan f56 L.J.M.C. 33: 51 J.P. 500^ it was 
 held that under Rule 5 of Schedule II. to Public Health Act, 
 1875 (38 and 39 Vict. C. 55), an a-ssignment of propprty for 
 benefit of creditors was not necessarily a composition with 
 creditors disqualifyintx for membership of a Local Board. 
 Section 46 (I) (c) of the Local fiovernment Act, 1894 (56 and 57 
 Vict. C. 73), it will be noticed, makes "an arranarement with 
 creditors," which the said Rule did not, a disqualification, and 
 therefore such an assignment of property as mentioned is 
 apparently an arrangement that disqualifies. 
 
 (f) Disqualification for absence. 
 
 It is advisable that before a seat is declared vacant for 
 absence the member should be afforded an opportunity to 
 explain his absence (Richardson v. Metley School Board 
 62 L.J. Ch. 943 ; 69 L.T. (N.S.) 308). 
 
 (g). Declaration of Vacancy. 
 
 The office is not actually vacant until the requirements of 
 of Sub-Section (7) as to declaration has been complied with. 
 R. V. Mayor, ».*v:c.. of Leeds, 7 A. and E. 963; Hardwicke v. 
 Brown, 28 L.T (N.S.) .502: 37 J.P. 407; R. v. Mayor, &c., of 
 Welshpool, 35 L.T. (N.S.) 598. 
 
 Article XI. The time and place of holding the 
 
 first meeting of the Distress Committee of the Common 
 
 Council and of the Distress Committee of the Council 
 
 of every Metropolitan Borough shall be fixed by the 
 
 Common Council in the one case and by the Borough 
 
 Council in every other case. 
 
 Convener and Notice of Meeting. 
 
 As the Order makes no provision as to who shall be 
 convener of the first meeting of the Distress Committee, it will 
 be necessary for the Council to appoint a convener. The first 
 meeting should "be held as soon as possible after the appoint- 
 ment of the Committee." [L.G.B.C.L., 20th September, 1905.]
 
 TJte Organisation EstahHslinient [^London'] Order. 63 
 
 Art. Xr.— Note- 
 As the Committee have at their first meeting to appoint 
 a Chairman [Article XII.], and have, within fourteen days of 
 their appointment, to appoint representatives on the Central 
 Body [Article VII (1)] the notice convening the meeting should 
 state that among the items of business to he transacted at the 
 meeting will be the appointment of a Chairman and of the 
 rei>restntatives mentioned. A yiee-Chairman is mentioned in 
 Article XIV., but he need not be appointed at the first meeting. 
 
 Article XII. Each Distress Committee aud the Chairman 
 
 of Distress 
 
 Central Body at their first meetino-, and thereafter as CoM.mittee 
 
 •'^ . . anii Central 
 
 occasion requires, shall appoint one of their number to Body, 
 be Chairman. 
 
 The term of office of the Chairman shall be such as 
 the Distress Committee or the Central Body appoint, 
 but if during that terra the Chairman of the Distress 
 Committee ceases to be a member of the Council by 
 whom he was appointed, or of the Board of Guardians 
 by whom he was selected for appointment as a member 
 of the Distress Committee, or ceases to be a Member of 
 the Distress Committee from any otlier cause, or the 
 Chairman of the Central Body ceases to be a member 
 of the Council or Disti'ess Committee by whom he was 
 selected to be a member of the Central Body, or ceases 
 to be a nominated member or to be co-opted as an 
 additional member of the Central Body, the Distress 
 Committee or the Central Body, as the case may be, 
 shall foi'tliwith proceed to appoint another person to be 
 Chairnuin for the rest of the term. 
 
 Note — As to appointment of a V ice-Chairman see Article 
 XIV., an for expression "forthwith" see Note (1) to Article 
 III.
 
 64 
 
 The Organisatioii Estahlinhment \^London'] Order. 
 
 Article XIII. After the first meetino-, all ordinary 
 meetings of a Disti'ess Committee or of the Central 
 Body shall be held at such times and places as are 
 appointed by the Disti-ess Committee or the Central 
 Body. 
 
 An extraordinaiy meetinq- of a Distress Committee 
 or of the Central Body shall be summoned by the 
 Chairman on his own responsibility or on the receipt of 
 a requisition in writing from any three members of the 
 Distress Committee or of the Central Body, but no 
 business other than that specified in the summons for 
 the extraordinary meeting shall be transacted at that 
 meeting. 
 
 Note. — See imder Act XIV. 
 
 Article XIV. Every question at a meeting of a 
 Distress Committee or of the Central Body shall be 
 decided by a majority of votes of the members present 
 and voting on that question, and in the case of equality 
 of votes the person presiding* at the meeting shall have 
 a second or casting vote. 
 
 The quorum of a Distress Committee or of the 
 Central Body shall be one-third of the whole number of 
 members of the Distress Committee, or of the Central 
 Body. 
 
 A Distress Committee or the Central Body may 
 appoint from among their members such and so many 
 Committees, either of a general or special nature, and 
 consisting of such number of persons as the Distress-
 
 The Organisation Estahlishvient \^London'\ Order. 65 
 
 Art. XIV. 
 Committee oi^ the Central Body think fit for any 
 purposes which, in their opinion, would be better 
 regulated and managed by means of Committees, and 
 may delegate with or without any restrictions or con- 
 ditions any of their powers and duties ; and the quorum, 
 proceedings, and place of meeting of any Committee 
 shall be such as may be determined by regulations of 
 the body appointing the Committee. 
 
 Subject to the provisions of the Act and of any 
 
 Regulations under the Act, a Distress Committee and 
 
 the Ceutj-al Body may regulate their own procedure 
 
 and may make rules with respect to the appointment 
 
 and duties of a Vice-Chairman and generally with 
 
 respect to the transaction and management of their 
 
 business. 
 
 Meetings and Procedure. 
 
 As to removal of any difficulty arising with respect to 
 first meeting see Article XV. 
 
 Tlie provisions of the Order in these respects appear to 
 have been framed on certain provisions in the Municipal 
 Corporations Act, 188-2 [45 and 46 Vict. c. 50] Section 22 and 
 second Schedule. In making rules under Article XIV. as 
 regards the calling of meetings, the following rules in the said 
 Schedule may be found suggestive. 
 
 " Rule 3. The Mayor may at any time call a meeting 
 of the Council." 
 
 " Rule 4. If the Mayor refuses to call a meeting after a 
 requisition for that purpose, signed by five members of the 
 Council, has been presented to him, any hve members of the 
 Council may forthwith on that refusal call a meeting. If the 
 Mayor (without so refusing) does not within seven days after 
 such presentation call a meeting any live members of the 
 Council may, on the expiration of those seven days, call 
 a meeting." 
 
 E
 
 6G The Oryanisation Establishment [^I^ondoii} Order. 
 
 Art. XIV.— Note— 
 
 "Kule 6 Three clear days at least before any meeting of 
 the Council, a summons to attend the meeting, s|)ecifying the 
 business proposed to be transacted thereat and signed by the 
 Town Clerk, shall be left or delivered by post in a registered 
 letter at the usual place of abode of every member of the 
 Council three clear days at least before the meeting." 
 
 " Rule 7. Want of service of the summons on any member 
 of the Council shall not affect the validity of a meeting." 
 
 " Rule 8. No business shall be transacted at a meeting 
 other than that specified in the summons relating thereto, 
 except, in case of a quarterly meeting, business prescribed 
 by this Act to be transacted thereat." 
 
 Removal of ARTICLE XV. If any difference or difficulty arises 
 
 with respect to the establishment of a Distress Com- 
 mittee or of the Central Body, or with respect to the 
 appointment of members of a Distress Committee or 
 with respect to the selection of members of the Centi-al 
 Body or with respect to the number of members of a 
 Distress Committee whom a Council may be entitled to 
 a])point after selection by a Board of Guai^dians, or 
 with respect to the first meeting' of a Distress Com- 
 mittee or of the Central Body, We may by Order do 
 anything which appears to Us to be necessary or 
 expedient for the determination of any such difference 
 or the removal of any such difficulty or for the proper 
 establishment of a Distress Committee or of the 
 Central Body, or for the proper holding of the tii'st 
 meeting of a Distress Committee or of the Central 
 Body. 
 
 Short title. ARTICLE XVI. This Order may be cited as " The 
 
 C)rganisation (Unemployed Woi'kmen) Establishment 
 Order, 1905."
 
 The Organisation Establishment [^London'] Order, 
 
 67 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 Constitution of Distress Committees. 
 
 
 Number of Members app 
 
 ointed 
 
 Metropolitan Borough, 
 
 Poor Law Union From From 
 wholly or partly in Council Guard- 
 the Metropolitan ians. 
 Borough. 
 
 From 
 Persons 
 experi- 
 enced 
 in Relief 
 
 of 
 Distress. 
 
 Total 
 Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Battersea ... 
 
 ... Wandsworth ... 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Berniondsey 
 
 ... Berniondsey 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Bethnal Green 
 
 ... Saint Matthew, 
 Bethnal Green. 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Caniberwell 
 
 ... Saint Giles, 
 
 Caniberwell. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Chelsea 
 
 ... Saint Lake, 
 
 Chelsea. 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Deptfoid ... 
 
 ... Greenwich 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Fin&bury . . . 
 
 ... Holbom 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Fulham 
 
 ... Fnlham 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Greenwich 
 
 f Greenwich 
 \ Woolwich 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 Hackney . . . 
 
 ... Hackney 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Hammersmith 
 
 . . . Hammersmith . . . 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Hampstead 
 
 ... Saint John 
 
 Hampstead. 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Holbom 
 
 f Saint Giles-in- 
 1 tlie-Fields and 
 ■{ Saint (Teorge, 
 1 Bloomsbury. 
 [ Hoi born 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 20
 
 68 
 
 The Ovga'o^SQiton S§t(ibtShment {^London'] Order. 
 
 Metropolitan Borough 
 
 umber of Members appointed. 
 
 From 
 Persons 
 Poor Law Union From From experi- Total 
 wholly or partly m Council Guard- enced Num- 
 
 
 
 the Metropolitan 
 Borough 
 
 
 ians 
 
 in KeUef 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 ber 
 
 Islington ... 
 
 
 Saint Mary, 
 
 l.slington. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Kensington 
 
 1 
 
 Saint Mary 
 
 Abbots 
 Kensington. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Lambeth ... 
 
 
 Lambeth 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Lewishaiu ... 
 
 
 Lewisham 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Paddington 
 
 
 Paddington 
 
 10 
 
 (5 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Poplar 
 
 
 Poplar 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Saint Marylebone .. 
 
 Saint 
 
 Marylebone. 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Saint Pancias 
 
 
 Saint Pancras 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Shoreditch 
 
 
 Saint Leonard, 
 Shoreditch. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Southwark 
 
 
 South w ark 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Stepney 
 
 f Mile End Old 
 1 Town. 
 J Saint George in 
 ] the East, 
 i Stepney 
 [^ Whitechapel ... 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 Stoke Newington 
 
 
 Hackney 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 Wandsworth 
 
 
 Wandsworth . . . 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Westminster 
 
 i 
 
 Saint George's... 
 Strand ... 
 Westminster ... 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 •> 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 Woolwich ... 
 
 1 
 
 Lewisham 
 Woolwich 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 20
 
 The Organisation Establishment {Loi\don'\ Order. 69 
 
 Given under the Seal of OiBce of the Local 
 Government Boai"cl, this Twentieth day of 
 September, in the year One thousand nine 
 hundi'ed and five. 
 
 G. W. BALFOUR, 
 
 President. 
 
 S. B. Provis, 
 
 Secretary.
 
 "THE URBAN DISTRESS COMMITTEES 
 
 (UNEMPLOYED WORKMEN) ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 ORDER, 1905." 
 
 (Order for Provincial Boroughs and Urban Districts 
 
 "\vith a population of not less than 50,000 
 
 at last census). 
 
 ■^0 ti)e Council of every Municipal BorouCxH 
 and Urban District in EnCxLAnd and Wales 
 to which this Order applies ; — 
 
 [Note. — See Schedule]. 
 
 To the Board of Guardians of every Poor Law 
 Union wholly or partly comprised in any 
 such Municipal Borough or Urban Dis- 
 trict ; — 
 
 To every Distress Committee to be established in 
 pursuance of this Order; — 
 
 And to all others whom it may concern. 
 
 WHEREAS by Section 2 (]) of the Unemployed 
 Workmen Act, 1905, it is enacted that : — 
 
 "2. (1) There shall be established by order 
 "of the Local Government Board for each muni- 
 " cipal borough and urban district with a popula-
 
 Tlie Organisaiioii EstahUshment [^Provincial] Order. 71 
 
 " tion uccording to the last census for the time 
 " being of not less than fifty thousand, and not 
 " being a borough or district to which the pro- 
 " visions of section one of this Act have been 
 " extended, a distress committee of the council 
 " for the purposes of this Act, with a similar 
 " constitution to that of a distress committee iu 
 " London, and the distress committee so estab- 
 '" lished shall, as regards their borough or district, 
 " have the same duties and powers, so far as 
 " applicable, as are given by this Act to the 
 " distress committees and central body in 
 " London." 
 
 And whereas the effect of Section 1 (1) of the said 
 Act, in relation to the constitution of a Distress 
 Committee of the Council of every Metropolitan 
 Borough in London, is that the Distress Committee 
 shall consist partly of members of the Borough Council 
 and partly of members of every Board of Guardians in 
 the Borough, and of persons experienced in the relief 
 of distress, and that every Order establishing a Distress 
 Committee shall provide that one member at least shall 
 be a woman ; 
 
 And whereas by sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 
 4 of the Act it is enacted that : — 
 
 " 4. (1) An Older of the Local Government 
 " Board under this Act establishing a central 
 " body or distress committee may provide for the
 
 72 Tlie Organisation EsfabUshment [^Provincials Order. 
 
 " constitution and proceedings of that body or 
 " committee, and, in the case of an order estab- 
 " lishing a central body, for the incorporation of 
 " that body by an appropriate name, and, where 
 " any property or liabilities are taken over from 
 " any other body, for effecting by virtue of the 
 " order the transfer of that property or those 
 " liabilities, and also for any matter for Avhich 
 " provision may be made by regulations under 
 " this Act, and for which it appears desii'able to 
 " make special provision affecting only the body 
 " or committee established by the order. 
 
 " (2) An order of the Local Government 
 " Board under this Act may be varied, and 
 " revoked, by any subsequent order of the Board 
 " made under this Act." 
 
 NOW THEREFORE, We, the Local Government 
 Board, in the exercise of Our powers in that behalf, do 
 hei-eby Order as follows : that is to say — 
 
 Article I. In this Order, unless the contrary 
 intention appears : — 
 
 (a) Words importing the masculine gender include 
 females ; 
 
 (6) Words in the singular include the plural, and 
 words in the plural include the singular;
 
 The Organisation Establishment [ProvinciaV] Order. 73 
 Article I. 
 
 (c) The expression " the Act " means the Unem- 
 ployed Workmen Act, 1905 ; and the ex- 
 pressions " Borough " and " Urban District " 
 mean and include each Municipal Borough 
 and each Urban District with a population 
 according to the last census for the time 
 being, of not less than fifty thousand, and 
 not being a Borough or District to which the 
 provisions of Section One of the Act have 
 been extended. 
 
 Note. — The present Order applies to all Outside London 
 Urban Districts (including Boroughs) in England and \yales, 
 of a population of net less than 50,000 at the census of 1901, 
 named in the Schedule to the Order. 
 
 See Section 1 (9) of the Act for dealing with any Borough 
 or District adjoining or near to London, as if it were within the 
 Administrative County of London. 
 
 Article II. (I) There shall be established a Dis- [j°j"^*^'^f 
 ss Committee of the Council of ei 
 the Council of each Urban District. 
 
 tress Committee of the Council of each Borough, and of committee. 
 
 (2) The Distress Committee shall comprise the 
 total number of members specified in relation to the 
 Borough or Urban District in Column 6 of tlie Schedule 
 to this Oi'der. 
 
 The total number of members specified as aforesaid 
 shall consist of — 
 
 (i.) Such immber of members appointed by the 
 Council from their own body as in relation 
 to the Borouc:h or Urban District named in
 
 74 The Organisation Establishment [^Provincial'\ Order. 
 Article II. 
 
 Column 1 of the Schedule to this Order is 
 specified in Column 3 of that Schedule 
 opposite to the name of the Borough or 
 Urban District; 
 
 (ii.) Such number of members appointed by the 
 Council and being persons selected by the 
 Board of Guardians of each Poor Law Union 
 wholly or partly in the Borough or Urban 
 District as in relation to the Borougli or 
 Urban District and the Poor Law Union 
 named in Columns 1 and 2 of the Schedule to 
 this Order is specified in Column 4 of that 
 Schedule, opposite to the names of the 
 Borough oi' Urban District and Poor Law 
 Union ; and 
 
 (iii.) Such number of members (of whom one at 
 least shall be a woman) appointed by the 
 Council from outside their own body, but 
 from persons experienced in the relief of 
 distress as is specified in relation to the 
 Borough or Urban District in Column 5 of 
 the Schedule to this Order. 
 
 (1). Constitution of Distress Committee. 
 
 This estal)lishment of Distress Committees is in accordance 
 with the re([uirement of Section 2 (1) of the Act. Section 1 (1) 
 names the three constituent i)avts of eacli Distress Coiiinnttee, 
 but it is left to the Local (Toveriuueiit Board by Section 4 (1) to 
 pre>crihe the number of nieml)ers each part shall have. In 
 their circular letter of the '20tii September, 1905, accompanying 
 tlie present (Outside London) Ordei', the Board say that : —
 
 The Organisation Establishment \_Provincial'] Order. 75 
 
 Article II.— Xote— 
 
 " The Order prescribes the number of members of the 
 Distress Committee. In the case of boroughs with a popu- 
 lation of upwards of 400,000 persons according to the last 
 census, the total number of members is fixed at 40, made 
 up of 18 members appointed by the council from their own 
 bodj', 14 members ajtpomted by them but selected by the 
 guardians from their own body, and 8 persons appointed by 
 the council from outside their own body but from persons 
 experienced in the relief of distress. In the case of boroughs 
 with a population between 200,000 and 400,000 the numbers 
 will be 16, 12, and 7 respectively, making a total of 35 
 meml^ers, whilst in the case of boroughs and urban districts 
 with a population l)et\veen 100,000 and 200,000 the numbers 
 will be 14, 10, and 6 respectively, making a total of 30 
 members. In the case of any other borough or urban 
 district the numbers will be 12, 8, and 5 respectively, making 
 a total of 25 members. 
 
 "The numbers to be appointed in any particular case 
 will be seen on reference to Article II. and to the Schedule 
 to the Order. 
 
 "Where more than ojie poor law union is wholly or 
 partly within a borough the number of guardians to be 
 appointed has been divided between the unions concerned, 
 regard l)eing had to their population and rateable value." 
 
 (2). Women Members of Distress Committees. 
 
 AYomen are not eligible for election as Borough Councillors 
 [Beresford Hope v. Lady Sandhurst, 58 L.J.(.i.B. 316 ; 61 L.T. 
 (N.S.) 150 ; 53J.P. 805], but are eligible to be elected Councillors 
 for an Urban District not a Borough [Local (lovernment Act, 
 1894, 56 and 57 Vict. C. 73. Section 23 (2)], and as Guardians 
 [said Act, Section 20 (2)]. Why women are eligil)le for election 
 to Distress Committee see Note (2) to Article II. of the London 
 Order. 
 
 (3). Persons experienced in Belief oj Distress. 
 
 See Note (3) to Article II. of the London Order and read 
 Note as if inserted here. 
 
 Article III. (I) At a meeting to be held within ggigp^jQjj 
 
 three weeks from the date of tliis Order, or within ^^^\ ^^^^ 
 
 such further time as We may alloAv, every Board of ^embers of 
 
 Guardinns of a Pooi- liaw Union wholly or partly in committeef*
 
 76 T}ie Organisntion Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 
 Article III. 
 
 the Borough or Urban District, shall select from their 
 own body the persons who are to be afterwards 
 appointed by the Council as members of the Distress 
 Committee, and the Clerk to the Guardians shall forth- 
 with communicate to the Council the names, addresses, 
 and descriptions of the said persons. 
 
 (2) The Council shall appoint the members of the 
 Distress Committee at a meeting' to be held before the 
 expii'ation of five weeks from the date of this Order, or 
 within such further time as We may allow. 
 
 (8) The Town Clerk or Clerk shall give to every 
 member of the Council not less than seven days' 
 pi'evious notice in writing of the meeting at which the 
 appointment of members of the Distress Committee 
 is to be made and of the intention to make the 
 appointment. 
 
 (1). Selection oj Guardians as Members of Distress Committee. 
 
 See Note (I) of the Article III. of the London Order and 
 read Note as if inserted here, substituting for the expression 
 "Common Council or Borough Council" the expression 
 " Borough or Urban District Council." 
 
 (2). Appointment of the Distress Committee. 
 
 See Note (2) to Article III. of the London Order and 
 read Note as if inserted here, adding after the word " Borough " 
 in the L.G.B.C.L., 20th September, 1905, quoted in the Note 
 the words "or Urban District." 
 
 (3). The Distress Committee a Committee of the Council. 
 
 In the Circular accompanying the Order the Local 
 fTOvernment Board point out that the "Distress Connuittee 
 will be a Committee of the liorough or Urban District 
 Council." In as far as the Council have to appoint the 
 Committee that is so. The Act requires it to be so [Section 1 
 (1) and Section 2(1), but the Council are left with no discretion 
 as to the size of the Committee. They must comply with the
 
 The (irganisaiion Establi^lutient [^Provincial'\ Order. 11 
 
 Article III. — Note — 
 terms of tlie Order. Moreover the procedure of the Committee 
 is» prescribed by the Order [Article X] and not left to the Council 
 to prescribe. Therefore: — "Unless the liules (made under 
 Article X.) so require, it will not l)e necessary that the Acts of 
 the Committee should be submitted for confirmation to the 
 Council by wliom thej- are ai)pointed." (L.CB.C.L., with 
 Regulations lOtb October, 1905). 
 
 ('^). Notice of Council Meeting at u-hich ajfjiointment is to 
 be made. 
 
 See Note (4) to Article III of the London Order and read 
 Note a.s if inserted here. 
 
 ("oj. Removed of difficidties in establishment of Comviittee, <i:c. 
 See Article XI. 
 
 Article IY. (1) A memLer of the Distress Com- Term of 
 
 1 • ("1 otEce of 
 
 mittee wlio is a member oi tae Council, or of a Board of members of 
 
 . ... Distress 
 
 Guardians, shall continue in office until he dies, or Committee, 
 resigns, or goes out of office as a member of the Council 
 by whom he was appointed, or of the Board of Guar- 
 dians by whom he was selected for appointment as a 
 member of the Distress Committee, or until he becomes 
 disqualified by virtue of this Order. 
 
 (2) A member of the Distress Committee who has 
 been appointed by the Council from outside their own 
 body, but from persons exp(;rienced in the relief of 
 distress, shall continue in oflice until he dies or resigns, 
 or completes the period for which he was appointed to 
 serve as a member of the Distress Committee, or until 
 he becomes disqualified by virtue of this Order : 
 
 Provided that a member of the Distress Committee 
 who ceases to hold office in pursuance of this Article, 
 shall be re-eligible as a member of the Distress Com- 
 mittee if, at the time of re-appointment, he is qualified 
 to be so re-appointed.
 
 78 The Organisation Establisluncnt [Provincial] Order. 
 Article IV. — Note — 
 
 (1). Term oj Office of Members of Distress Committees. 
 
 See opinion of Local (rovernnient Board quoted in Note (1) 
 to Article IV. of the London Order. 
 
 (^). Resignation. 
 
 See Note (2) to Arcicle IV. of the London Order and read 
 Note as if inserted here. 
 
 (5). Di-sciualijication for Office. 
 See Article VI. 
 
 Article V. (1) On a vacancy occurring in the 
 
 Casual 
 vacancies 
 
 Committees Distress Committee by reason of the death or resigna- 
 tion of a member, or otherwise, the Council by whom 
 that member was appointed shall, subject to this Order, 
 appoint another m.ember in his place. 
 
 The person appointed to fill the vacancy shall be 
 appointed at a meeting of the Council to be held within 
 four weeks after the occurrence of that vacancy, or 
 where the appointment is to be made of a person 
 selected by a Board of Guardians at that meeting of 
 the Council Avhich will be held immediately after 
 the expiration of seven days from the date of the com- 
 munication to the Council of the names, address, and 
 description of the person selected, or in either case 
 within such further tiine as We may allow. 
 
 (2) The Town Clerk, or Clerk, shall give to each 
 member of the Council seven days' previous notice in 
 writing of the meeting at which the appointment is to 
 be made, and of the intention to make the appointment.
 
 The Organisation. Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 79 
 Article V. 
 
 The Town Clerk, or Clerk, after any such appoint- 
 ment is made, shall forthwith notify in Avriting to the 
 Clerk to the Distress Committee, the names, address, 
 and description of the person appointed. 
 (Z) Notice o/ Vacancy. 
 (^2) Time in which Vacancy is to be filled. 
 (3) Meaning of Terms. 
 
 On tliese three points see Notes (1), (2) and (3), respec- 
 tively, to Article V. of the London Order and read such Notes 
 as if here inserted, witli the following emendations, viz: — In 
 Note (1) for Article XIV., read Article X., and in Note {'!) 
 after "Town Clerk" read "or Clei'k." 
 
 Article VI. Section 46 of the Local Government Disquali- 
 fications. 
 
 Act, 1894, shall apply to a Distress Committee and to 
 
 any member as if, with the necessary modifications, the 
 
 said section were herein re-enacted, and in terms made 
 
 applicable ; and every person disqualified by the said 
 
 section as so applied shall become disqualified by virtue 
 
 of this Order. 
 
 NOTK — See Notes to Article X. of the London Order and 
 read as if inserted here. 
 
 AiniCLio VII. The time and place of holding the meeting of 
 
 first meeting- of a Distress Committee shall be fixed by committee. 
 
 the Council. 
 
 Convener and Notice af Meeting. 
 
 As the Order makes no provision as to who shall be 
 convener of the first meeting,' of the Distress Committee, it will 
 l)e necessary for the Council to aj)|)oint a convener. "This 
 meeting should he held as soon as possible after the ap))ointment 
 of the Committee." [L.G.B.C.L., 20th September, 1905.] 
 
 As the Committee have at their lirst meeting to ai)point a 
 Chairman [."Vrticle VIIL], the notice convening the meeting 
 should mention that a Chairman of the Committee will have to 
 he appointed. A Vice-Chairman is mentioned in Article X, but 
 he need not he appointed at the lirst meeting.
 
 80 The Organisation Establishment [^Frovincial^ Order. 
 Chairman ARTICLE VIII. Each Distress Committee at their 
 
 of Distress 
 
 Committee, first meeting-, and thereafter as occasion requires, shall 
 appoint one of their number to be Chairman. 
 
 The term of office of the Chairman shall be such as 
 the Distress Committee appoint, but if during that 
 term the Chairman ceases (as the case may be) to be a 
 member of the Council by whom he was appointed, or 
 of the Board of Guardians by whom he was selected 
 for appointment as a member of the Distress Committee, 
 or ceases to be a member of the Distress Committee 
 from any other cause, the Distress Committee shall 
 forthwith proceed to appoint another person to be 
 Chairman for the rest of the term. 
 
 Note.— As to appointment of a Vice-Chairman see Article 
 X., and for expression "forthwith " see Note (1) to Article III. 
 of the London Order. 
 
 Article IX. After the first meeting all ordinary 
 meetings of a Distress Committee shall be held at such 
 times and places as are appointed by the Distress 
 Committee. 
 
 An extraordinary meeting of a Distress Committee 
 shall be summoned by the Chairman on his own 
 responsibility, or on the receipt of a requisition in 
 writing from any three members of the Distress 
 Committee, but no business other than that specified in 
 the summons for the extraordinary meeting shall be 
 transacted at that meeting:.
 
 The Organisation Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 81 
 
 Article X. Every question at a Meeting of a procedure. 
 Distress Committee shall be decided by a majority of 
 votes of the members present and voting on that 
 question, and in the case of equality of votes the person 
 presiding at the meeting shall have a second or casting 
 vote. 
 
 The quorum of a Distress Committee shall be one- 
 third of the whole number of members of the Distress 
 Committee. 
 
 A Distress Committee may appoint from among' 
 their members such and so many Committees, either of 
 a general or special nature, and consisting of such 
 number of persons as the Distress Committee think fit, 
 for any purposes which, in their opinion, would be 
 better regulated and managed by mea,ns of Committees, 
 and may delegate, with or without any restrictions or 
 conditions, any of their powers and duties ; and the 
 quorum, proceedings, and place of meeting of any 
 Committee shall be such as may be determined by 
 regulations of the Distress Committee. 
 
 Subject to the provisions of the Act, and of any 
 
 Regulations under the Act, a Disti-ess Committee ma}- 
 
 regulate their own procedure, and may make rules with 
 
 respect to the appointment and duties of a Vice- 
 
 Chaiiman and generally with respect to the transaction 
 
 and management of their business. 
 
 Note. — As to removal of any difficulty arising witli respect 
 to first meeting, see Article XI., also see Notes to Articles XIII. 
 and XIV. in London Order.
 
 82 The Organisation Establishment {^Provincial'] Order. 
 
 Removal of 
 diflicullies. 
 
 Article XI. If any diiference or difficulty arises 
 with respect to the establishment of a Distress Com- 
 mittee or with respect to the appointment of members 
 of a Distress Committee, or with respect to the number 
 of members of a Distress Committee whom a Council 
 may appoint after selection by a Board of Guardians, 
 or with respect to the first meeting of a Distress 
 Committee, We may, by Order, do anything which 
 appears to Us to be necessary or expedient for the 
 determination of any such difference or the removal of 
 any such difficulty or for the proper establishment of a 
 Distress Committee or for the proper holding of the 
 first meeting of a Distress Committee. 
 
 Short title. ARTICLE XII. This Order may be cited as "The 
 
 Ui-ban Distress Committees (Unemployed Workmen) 
 Order, 1905."
 
 2'he Organisation Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 83 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 Boroughs. 
 
 Borough. 
 
 Number of Members aDpointed. 
 
 Prom 
 Persons 
 Poor Law Union From From experi- 
 wh oily or partly in Council Guard- enced Total. 
 
 
 Borough. 
 
 
 ians. 
 
 inRelief 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 
 Aston Manor 
 
 ... Aston 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Bairow-in Furness.. BarroAV-in- 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 f) 
 
 25 
 
 
 Furness. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Birkenhead 
 
 ... Birkenhead 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 BinuingliaiH 
 
 r Aston 
 
 \ Birnun!,'liam ... 
 
 i Kings Norton ... 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 Blackburn... 
 
 ... lilackburn 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Bolton 
 
 ... Bolton 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Bootle 
 
 ... West Derby 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Bournemouth 
 
 ... Christchurch ... 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 ') 
 
 25 
 
 Bradford ... 
 
 f Bradford 
 
 \ North Bierley... 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 Brighton ... 
 
 f lirighton 
 \ Steyning 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 Bristol 
 
 ... Bristol 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 Burnley 
 
 ... Burnley 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Burton-upon- 
 
 Trent. Burton-upon- 
 
 Trent. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Biuy 
 
 ... Bury 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25
 
 84 The Organisation Establishment IFrovincial'] Order. 
 
 Schedule — Boroughs — 
 
 Number of Members appointed. 
 
 Borough. 
 
 Cardiff 
 Coventry ... 
 Croyclon 
 Derby 
 
 Devonport ... 
 East Ham ... 
 Gateshead ... 
 
 Great Yarmouth 
 
 From 
 Person.s 
 Poor Law Union From From exppri- 
 wholly or partly in Council Guard- encpd 
 Borough. ians. in Belief 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 Cardiff 14 10 6 
 
 Coventiy ... 12 8 5 
 
 Croydon ... 14 Id 6 
 
 Derby ... 14 10 6 
 
 Devonport ... 12 8 5 
 
 West Ham ... 12 8 5 
 
 Gateshead ... 14 10 6 
 
 East and — 1 
 
 West Flegg. 
 Great Yarmoutli — 7 — 
 
 30 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 25 
 25 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Griinsby ... 
 
 
 Grimsby 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Halifax 
 
 
 Halifax 
 
 . 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Han ley 
 
 
 Stoke-upon- 
 
 Trent. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Hastings . . . 
 
 f 
 
 Battle 
 
 Hastings 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 Hornsey . . . 
 
 
 Edmonton 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Huddersfield 
 
 
 Huddersfield ... 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Kingston- 
 upon-HuU. 
 
 1 
 
 Kingston- 
 
 upon-HuU. 
 Sculcoates ... 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 : 
 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 Leeds 
 
 •> 
 
 ( 
 
 Bramley 
 Hoi beck 
 Hnnslet... 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 Leeds 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 40
 
 The Organisation Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 
 Schedule— Boroughs— 
 
 85 
 
 Borough. 
 
 Number of Members appointed. 
 
 From 
 Persons 
 Poor Law Union From From experi- 
 wholly or partly in Council Guard- enced Total 
 
 
 Borough. 
 
 
 ians. 
 
 in ReUef 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 
 Leicester ... 
 
 .. Leicester 
 
 .. 16 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 8o 
 
 Liverpool ... 
 
 r Liverpool 
 
 \ Toxtetli Park 
 
 ( West Derby 
 
 IS 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 Manchester... 
 
 ( Chorlton 
 < Manchester 
 ( Prestwich 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 :■ 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 Middlesbrough 
 
 .. Middlesbrough 
 
 .. 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Newcastle- 
 
 upou-Tyne. 
 
 r Newcastle- — ■ 
 
 -j upon-Tyne. 
 
 (. Tyneniouth ... — 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 : 
 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 Newport (Mon.) 
 
 .. Newport (Mon 
 
 ) l--^ 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 M orthainpton 
 
 f Hardingstone 
 \ Northampton 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 Korwicli 
 
 .. Norwich 
 
 .. 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 .. Nottingham 
 
 .. 16 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 Oldham ... 
 
 .. Old ham... 
 
 .. 14 
 
 10 
 
 () 
 
 30 
 
 Plymouth ... 
 
 .. Plymouth 
 
 .. 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 .. Portsmouth 
 
 .. 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Preston 
 
 .. Preston ... 
 
 .. 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Reading 
 
 .. Reading 
 
 .. 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Kochdale ... 
 
 .. Rochdale 
 
 .. 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25
 
 86 The Orgcmisation Establishment \_Provinciar] Order. 
 
 Schedule— Boroughs- 
 Number of Members appointed. 
 
 From 
 Persons 
 Poor Law Union From From experi- 
 Borough. wholly or partly in Council Guard- enced Total. 
 
 
 Borough. 
 
 
 ians. 
 
 in Relief 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rotherham 
 
 . Rotherham 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 St. Helens 
 
 . Prescot 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Sal ford 
 
 . Salford 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 Sheffield ... 1 
 
 ' Ecclesall 
 
 Bierlow. 
 Sheffield 
 
 IS 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 40 
 
 Smethwick 
 
 . King's Norton... 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Southampton «! 
 
 ' Southampton ... 
 [ South 
 
 Stonehani. 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 South Shields 
 
 .. South Shields ... 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Stockport ... 
 
 .. Stockport 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Stockton-on-Tees .. 
 
 , Stockton 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 ,. Sunderland 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Swansea ... 
 
 .. Swansea 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Tynemouth 
 
 .. Tynemouth 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Walsall 
 
 .. Walsall 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Warrington 
 
 . Warrington 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 West Bromwich .. 
 
 . West Bromwich. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 West Ham... 
 
 .. West Ham 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 West Hartlepool.. 
 
 .. Hartlepool 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Wigan 
 
 .. Wigan 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Wolverhampton . 
 
 .. Wolverliampton. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 York 
 
 .. York 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25
 
 The Organisation Establishment [^Provincial] Order. 87 
 Urban Districts. 
 
 
 
 Number of Members aDpointed, 
 
 Urban District. 
 
 Poor Law Union 
 
 wholly or partly in 
 
 Urban District. 
 
 From From 
 
 Council Gua'd 
 
 ians. 
 
 From 
 Persons 
 experi- 
 enced 
 inRelief 
 
 of 
 Distress 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Handswortli West Broniwic] 
 (Stafford). 
 
 1 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 King's Norton aiK 
 Northtield 
 
 I King's Norton.. 
 
 . 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Ley ton 
 
 .. West Hani 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Merthyr Tydfil 
 
 .. Merthyr Tydfil. 
 
 . 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Rhondda ... 
 
 .. Pontypridd 
 
 . 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Tottenham... 
 
 .. Edmonton 
 
 . 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 .SO 
 
 Wallasey ... 
 
 .. Birkenhead 
 
 . 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Walthanistow 
 
 .. West Ham 
 
 . 12 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Willesden ... 
 
 .. Willesden 
 
 . 14 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Given under the Seal of Office of the Local 
 Government Board, this Twentieth day of 
 September, in the year One thousand nine 
 hundi^ed and five. 
 
 S. B. Pkovis, 
 
 Secrotai'v. 
 
 G. W. BALFOUR, . 
 
 President.
 
 88 
 
 "THE REGULATIONS (ORGANISATION FOR 
 UNEMPLOYED) 1905." 
 
 Introductory Note. 
 
 " The Organisation (Unemployed Workmen) Es- 
 tablishment Order, 1905" applies to London. "The 
 Urban Distress Committees (Unemployed Workmen) 
 Establishment Order, 1905 " applies to every Municipal 
 Borouo'h and Urban District outside London with a 
 population according to last census of not less than 
 50,000. 
 
 The follo'.ving Regulations prescribing the 
 "Powers and Duties of Distress Committees and of the 
 Central Body " apply not only to the areas mentioned in 
 the two aforesaid Orders, but as will be seen from the 
 Bodies 'to whom the Regulations are addressed, to the 
 whole of England and Wales. Such Regulations, 
 however, are not applicable in all areas alike ; for 
 instance, they include provisions relating to Special 
 Committees (Section 2 (3) of the Act) where a Central 
 Body or Distress Committee under the Act have not 
 been established.
 
 The Regulations {Organisation for Un'mploi/ed) 1905. 89 
 
 ^0 ever-Q Central ^065 under the Unem- 
 ployed Workmen Act, 1905 ; — 
 
 To every Distress Committee and to eveiy 
 Special Committee under that Act ; — 
 
 To the London County Council ; — 
 
 To the Councils of all other Administrative 
 Counties ; — 
 
 To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the 
 City of London in Common Council 
 assembled ; — 
 
 To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Councillors of 
 each Meti'opolitan Borough ; — 
 
 To the Council of every Municipal Borough or 
 Urban District to which the said Act 
 applies ; — 
 
 And to all otheis whom it may concern. 
 
 WHEREAS for the purposes of organisation with a 
 view to the provision of employment or assistance for 
 unemployed workmen in proper cases the Unemployed 
 Workmen Act, 1905, provides for the establishment of 
 Central Bodies and Distress Committees for London 
 and for certain Boroughs, Urban Districts, and other 
 areas, and for the constitution of Special Committees 
 by the Councils of Counties and County Boroughs in 
 certain cases ;
 
 90 The Regulations {Orgnnisation for Unejnploi/ed) 1005. 
 
 And -whereas by Section 4 (3) of the said Act it is 
 enacted as follows : — 
 
 " (3) The Local Government Board may make 
 " regulations for carrying into effect this Act, 
 " and may by those regulations, amongst other 
 " things, provide — 
 
 " (u) for regulating, subject to the provisions 
 " of this Act, the conditions under which any 
 " application may be entertained by a Distress 
 " Committee under this Act, and the conditions 
 " under which a Central Body may aid emigration 
 " or removal, or provide or contribute towards the 
 " provision of work under this Act, and otherwise 
 " for regulating the manner in which any duties 
 " under this Act are to be performed or powers 
 " exercised by any Central Body or Distress 
 " Committee or Special Committee under this 
 " Act ; and 
 
 " (h) for authorising the establishment, with 
 " the consent of the Local Government Board, of 
 " farm colonies by a Central Body established 
 " under this Act, and the provision, with the like 
 " consent, by such a body of temporary accommoda- 
 " tion for persons for whom work upon the land is 
 " provided ; and 
 
 " (r) for authorising and regulating the 
 " acquisition by a Central Body of land by 
 " agreement for the purposes of this Act, and 
 " the disposal of any land so acquired ; and
 
 The Regvlations {Orgcniisatioii for Unemployed) 1905. 91 
 
 " (tZ) for the employment of officers and 
 'provision of offices, and for enabling any 
 ' inspector of the Local Government Board to 
 ' attend the meeting- of any body or committee 
 ' established under this Act ; and 
 
 " (e) for authorising the acceptance of any 
 ' money or property by a Central Body established 
 ' under this Act, and for regulating the adminis- 
 ' tration of any money or property so acquired ; 
 ' and 
 
 " (/) for the payment of any receipts of a 
 ' Central Body to the Central Fund, and for the 
 ' apportionment, if necessary, of those receipts 
 ' between the Voluntary Contribution Account 
 ' and the Rate Contribution Account of that 
 ' Fund ; and 
 
 " {g) for the audit of the accounts of any 
 ' Central Body established under this Act in the 
 ' same manner and subject to the same provisions 
 ' as to any matters incidental to the audit or 
 ' consequential thereon as the accounts of a 
 ' County Council ; and 
 
 " (/i) for enforcing the payment of contri- 
 ' butions by any Councils liable to make such 
 ' contributions in pursuance of this Act, and for 
 ' authorising and regulating the borrowing of 
 ' money by a Central Body established under 
 ' this Act ; and
 
 92 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 " (i) for facilitating the co-operation of any 
 " body or committee having powers under this 
 " Act for any area with any other body or 
 " committee, or Avith any local authority, and 
 " the provision of assistance by one such body or 
 " committee to another; and 
 
 " (^*) for applying, with the necessary adapta- 
 " tions, to a Disti^ess Committee having the powers 
 " of a Central Body regulations relating to a 
 " Central Body ; and 
 
 " (l) for the holding of local inquiries by the 
 " Local Government Board for the purposes of 
 " this Act, and for requiring returns to be made 
 " to the Board by any body or committee having 
 " powers under this Act ; and 
 
 " (in) for the application for the purposes of 
 " this Act, as respects any matters to be dealt 
 " vpith by the Regulations, of any provision in 
 " any Act of Parliament dealing Avith the like 
 " matters, with any necessary modifications or 
 " adaptations." 
 
 NOW THEREFORE, for carrying into effect the 
 Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, We, the Local 
 Government Board, in the exercise of Our powers in 
 thai behalf, Do hereby make the following Regulations, 
 that is to say : —
 
 The Kegidatioun (Orffaiiisnfioii for Unchijiloycd) 1D05. 93 
 Articlb I. (1) In these Regulations, unless the interpre- 
 
 , • , J • tation and 
 
 contrary intention appears — effect of 
 
 Regulations 
 
 (a) Words importing the masculine gender in- 
 clude females; 
 
 (h) Words in the singular include the plural, and 
 words in the plural include the singular; 
 
 (c) The expression " the Act " means the Unem- 
 ployed Workmen Act, 1905 ; 
 
 {(T) The expression " Local Exchange " means a 
 Labour Exchange, or an Employment Re- 
 gister (whether in the form of a Labour 
 Bureau, or in any other form) having for its 
 object the supply of information either by 
 the keeping of registers or otherwise res- 
 pecting* employers who desire to engage 
 workpeople and workpeojjle who seek engage- 
 ment or employment ; and 
 
 {e) The expression "Central Exchange" means a 
 Labour Exchange having* for its object the 
 co-ordination, or circulation of, or other 
 dealing with information collected by two 
 or more Local Exchanofes. 
 
 (2) These Regulations shall have effect subject to 
 the provisions of the Act.
 
 94 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Conditions 
 affecting 
 applications 
 to Distress 
 Committee, 
 and cases 
 referred to 
 Central 
 Body. 
 
 Article II. (1) The conditions under which an 
 application may be entertained by a Distress Com- 
 mittee under ihe Act shall be as follows : — 
 
 (i) An applicant shall make his application in 
 person to an officer, or to a member, or to any 
 other person authorised by the Distress Com- 
 mittee to receive and investigate applications ; 
 and shall also, if so required, attend, for the 
 purpose of his application, any such meeting of 
 the Distress Committee or of a Committee of 
 the Distress Committee, as the Distress Com- 
 mittee or Committee appoint. 
 
 (ii) An applicant shall answer all questions put to 
 him and shall supply all such information as 
 may be required by the Distress Committee, by 
 a Committee of the Distress Committee, or by 
 an officer, a member, or any other person 
 authorised by the Distress Committee with 
 respect to the applicant or any of his depen- 
 dants, or with respect to any other matteis 
 concerning which the Distress Committee or 
 the Committee, or the officer, member, or other 
 person may need information for the purposes 
 of the Act or of any Regulations under the Act. 
 
 (iii) An officer, a member, or any other person 
 authorised by the Distress Committee to 
 receive and investigate applications, shall 
 visit and make inquiries at the home of the 
 applicant for the verification of the statements
 
 Tlie EeQ^dations {Oryanisation Jor Uncm^iloyed) 1905. 95 
 
 Art. II. 
 
 of the applicant, and shall also, Avhere the 
 circumstances so require, with the same object, 
 communicate with a Board of Guardians or 
 with any other body, authority, or pei'son able 
 to supply useful information with respect to 
 the applicant. 
 
 {'l) When Applications are to be received. 
 
 In the Circular Letter, sent with the Resrulations. to 
 "London, City pnd Metropolitan Borouq^hs" (10th October, 
 1905) the Local Government Board state that: — 
 
 "Section 1 (2) of the Act directs that the Distress Com- 
 mittee shall make themselves acquainted with the con'litions of 
 labour within their area, and, when so required hy the Central 
 Body, shall receive, inqi^ire into, and discriminate between any 
 applications nude to them from persons unemployed. 
 
 " It will be observed that this latter duty is only to be 
 performed by the Distress Committee ivhen they are required so 
 to do hy the Central Body. The Board think that the Committee 
 should not be required to receive applications irrespective of 
 the state of trade or employment which may prevail at any 
 given time, and that when the Central Body impose this require- 
 ment upon a Distress Committee they should do so for a period 
 fixed by them according to the circumstances then existing. 
 
 In the Circular Letter, of the same date, sent with tne 
 I'egulations, to the Councils of populous Borough and Urban 
 Districts in the Provinces, the Board observed that — 
 
 "The Distress Committee established by the Order will 
 have the same powers and duties, so far as applicable, as are 
 given by the Act to the Distress Committees and Central Body 
 in London, and Article XXI. of the Regulations provides that, 
 so far as they relate to a Central Body, the Regulations shall 
 apply, with the necessary adaptations, to every Distress 
 Committee having the powers of a Central Body. 
 
 '• It will be the duty of the Distress Committee to make 
 themselves acquainted with the conditions of labour within their 
 area, and also to receive, inquire into, and discriminate between 
 any applications made to them from persons unemployed. As 
 regards this latter duty, the Board think that it will be 
 competent to the Committee to determine from time to time 
 whether applications should be received by them, regard being 
 had to the state of trade or employment then prevalent, and to 
 fix a period during which a])plications will be received."
 
 96 Tlie lirgulation:^ {Organisafion for Unemj)loyed) 1005. 
 
 Art. IT. — Note — 
 
 (2) Conditions affecting applicationa to Distress Coiiimittecs. 
 
 Section 4 (3), (a) of the Act empowers thf> Local Govern- 
 ment Bonrd to make Regulations "for regnlntinc^, subject to 
 the provisions of the Act, the conditions under which any 
 application may be entertained by a Distress Committee under 
 this Act." As to these conditions see notes below so far as they 
 relate to Article II. 
 
 (3) The minimum questinns to applicant. 
 
 For the minimum of questions which an applicant may be 
 required to answer see the Record Paper given in the Schedule 
 in the Regulations. 
 
 (4) Unemployed WorTcwc7nen cbs ivcll as Unemployed Men may 
 
 apply. 
 
 Unemployed workwomen, although not mentioned in the 
 Act, are brouirht in by the operation of " The Interpretation 
 Act, 1889" (52 and 53 Vic, c. 63) Section 1 (1), (a), where it is 
 enacted that " words importing the masculine gender shall 
 include females unless the contrary intenfion appears." Article 
 I. (1), (a), of the Regulations is in accordance. 
 
 (5) Applicant's " Dependayits." 
 
 Neither the Act nor the Regulations define the expression 
 " Dependants." Under "Lord Campbell's Act" (9 and 10 Vic, 
 c. 93) — an Act for compensating the families of persons killed 
 by accidents — the expression "dependants" means wife, 
 husband, father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, step-father, 
 step-mother, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, step-son, 
 and step-daughter (Sections 2 and 5). Under the Poor Law 
 Acts liability for maintenance attaches to a person, male or 
 female, for chargeable wife or husband, parents, children, and 
 grandchildren ["Poor Law Relief Act, 1601 " (43 Eliz., c 2, s. 7) ; 
 "Poor Law Amendment Act. 186S " (31 and 32 Vict., c. 122, 
 s. 37); "Married Women's Property Act, 1882" (45 and 46 
 Vic, c. 75, s-s. 20. 21) ; " Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834 " 
 (4 and 5 Will. IV., c 76, s-s. 57 and 71) ; " Bastardy Law 
 Amendment Act, 1872" (35 and 36 Vic, c 65, s. 4)]. Under 
 "The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897" any question as to 
 who is a "dependant" is, in default of agreement, to be settled 
 by arbitration. It is submitted that the term either under the 
 Act or Regulations should be as broadly interpreted as legal or 
 moral liability requires. It may be pointed out that question 
 13 of the Record Paper in the Schedule to the Regulations 
 mentions wife, children, " and other dependants."
 
 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1005. 97 
 
 Art. II.— Note — 
 (6) Delegation of Applications to Sub- Committee. 
 
 Article XIV. of the London Organisation Order and 
 Article X. of the Provincial Organisation Order enable a Distress 
 Committee to delegate " with or without any restrictions or 
 conditions, any of their powers and duties " to a Committee or 
 Committees appointed from their members. In the Circular 
 Letters accompanying the Regulations such Committees sire 
 termed Sub-Committees. 
 
 (iv) In the case of each applicant the Disti-ess 
 Committee shall call for and consider the 
 Record Paper which, in pursuance of these 
 Regulations, has been provided and is in 
 use in relation to the case, and shall satisfy 
 themselves : 
 
 (a) That the applicant is of good character ; 
 
 (b) That he has not from any soui^ce sufficient 
 means to maintain himself and his dependants; 
 
 (c) That he is not, and has not been during the 
 
 period of twelve months immediately pre- 
 ceding the date of the application, in receipt 
 of relief (other than medical relief) at the 
 cost of the poor rate ; 
 
 (d) That he has not in two successive periods of 
 twelve months immediately preceding the 
 date of the application, been employed on 
 work provided by a Central Body, or on work 
 towards the provision of which a Central 
 Body have contributed ; and . 
 
 (e) That his case is in other respects one which 
 
 the Distress Committee, with due observance 
 of the requirements of the Act, may propei-ly 
 entertain. 
 a
 
 98 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed') 1005. 
 Art. II.— Note— 
 {1) Class of Applicants to ivhom the Act applies. 
 
 In the Circular Letter, sent with the Resrulations, to 
 "London, City, and any Metropolitan Boroucjhs," on 10th 
 October, 1905, the Local Grovernment Board state that — 
 
 "The Act [Section 1 (2)] expressly provid»^s that a 
 Distress Committee shall not entertain an application from any 
 person unless they are satisfied that he has resided in London 
 for such period, not being less than 12 months, immediately 
 Viefore the application as the Central Body fix as a 
 residential qualification. Under Paraojraph (iv.) (e) of 
 Ai'ticle II. (1) of the Regulations, it will be the duty of the 
 Committee to satisfy themselves that this pr )hibition is not 
 infringed, and also that the conditions mentioned in Section 1 
 (3) of the Act are fulfilled, viz. : — 
 
 (1) That the applicant is honestly desirous of 
 
 obtaining work. 
 
 (2) That he is temporarily unable to do so from 
 
 exceptional causes over which he has no 
 control ; and 
 
 (3) That his case is capable of more suitable treat- 
 
 ment under the Act than under the Poor Law." 
 
 Similar observations to the foregoing are made by the 
 Board in their Circular Letter of the same date, sent with the 
 Regulations, to the Councils of populous Boroughs and Urban 
 Districts in the Provinces. In such ar^as the area of residence 
 is to be the area of the Distress Committee, and the Distress 
 Committee are to fix the residential qualification, though 
 n"t at less than 12 mouths fAs to discrimination in cases see 
 Note to Article II. (2)]. 
 
 (2) Poor Law Relief Disqualification. 
 
 An application from any person — male or female — who ic, 
 or has been during a period of 12 months (calendar months — 
 Art. II.) immediately preceding date of the application, in 
 receipt of Poor Law Relief (other than IMedical Relief) is not to 
 be entertained by the Distress Committee. On the face this 
 Regulation may appear harsh, seeing that (1) Section 1 (7) of 
 the Act preserves ^he franchise to persons who may be assisted; 
 and (2) that food provided to school children under the recently 
 issued Order of the Local Government Board re Underfed School 
 Children is relief to the father. " Poor Law Amendment Act, 
 183-i" (4 and 5 Will. IV., c. 76, s. 56). The justification for the 
 Regulation apparently lies in the fact that a status of irremova- 
 bility [See Note 2 Article II. (2)] may be gained by residence
 
 The Regulations {Organisation jor Unemployed) 1905. 99 
 
 Art. II.— Note— 
 for the aggregate period of a year, made up of shorter periods 
 during which no relief is received [Ipswich Union v. West Ham 
 52 L. T. 469] therefore if the Distress Committee were to enter- 
 tain applications from persons who, though they had been 
 resident in the district for more than twelve months, had not 
 obtained a status of irremovability, and such persons received 
 assistance by being found work, that assistance might enable 
 them to get the status of irremovability with the consequence 
 that should such persons subsequently become chargeable as 
 paupers the Board of Guardians in whose area the status had 
 been obtained would not be able to shift the charge to the 
 Union in which the Parish of settlement was situate. 
 
 Medical Relief is defined by "The Medical Relief Dis- 
 qualification Removal Act, 1S85 " (48 and 49 Vict., c 46, s. 4) 
 as "all Medical and Surgical attendance, and all matters and 
 things supplied by, or on the recommendation of the Medical 
 Officer having authority to give such attendance and recom- 
 mendation at the expense of any Poor Rate." 
 
 (3) " Ca!<e of more suitable treatment under the Act thanunder the 
 Poor Laiv." (Act, Sect. 1 (3)). 
 
 Applicants who are not disqualified by reason of relief may 
 be considered by the Distress Committee more suitable for Poor 
 Law treatment than assistance under the Act (Section 1 (3)). 
 
 It is advisable that Distress Committees should ascertain 
 whether in their respective districts the " Out Relief Regulation 
 Order," or "Out-door Relief Prohibitory Order" is in force. In 
 places where the latter Order is in force the Guardians can only 
 relieve able-bodied men, with or without families, with an 
 order for the Workhouse. The Order makes provision that 
 Out-door relief may be given in certain cases, but as may be 
 inferred from what has been already stated relief of the ordinary 
 case of unemployed able-bodied must be "wholly in the Work- 
 house." See Apj^endix. 
 
 (2) The case of an applicant as to whom the Distress 
 Committee have satisfied themselves — 
 
 (a) that in the past he has been i^egitlai-ly 
 employed, has resided in their area for a 
 continuous period of twelve months at the 
 least and has been well-conducted and thrifty,
 
 100 Tlie Rcgnlntiuiis {Organ isaiioti fur Uuenqtloyed) IDU'u 
 Art. IT, 
 
 \ (6) that at the time of his application he 
 has a wife, child, or other dependant, 
 
 (r) that, in respect of age and physical 
 ability, he is qualified for such work as the 
 Distress Committee may be able to obtain, 
 and also 
 
 {d) that, in other respects, the case of the 
 applicant is one which may be entertained in 
 accoi'dance with the conditions prescribed by 
 this Regulation, 
 
 shall be treated by the Distress Committee in preference 
 
 to cases of a different character. 
 
 (1) Discrimination by Committee and Preference as to Cases. 
 
 Section 1 (2) of the Act directs that the Committee shall 
 discriminate between any applications made to them. In their 
 Circular Letters with the Eej^ulatious (10th October, 1905), the 
 Local Government Board point out tliat : — " It will always be 
 in the discretion of the Committee whether they will or will not 
 entertain an application made to them by a person who satisfies 
 the prescribed conditions, but Article I(. (2) provides that 
 certain cases shall be treated by the Committee in preference to 
 others of a different character." They further point out that 
 "A case to be treated preferentially" must be that of an 
 applicant as to whom the Committee have not only satisfied 
 themselves that he complies with the conditions mentioned in 
 Section 1 (3) of the Act but have also satisfied themselves that 
 he fulnls the conditions in Article II. (2) of the Kegulations. 
 This matter of discrimination and preference was keenly debated 
 in both Houses of Parlinmeut, and the President of the Local 
 Government Boaid (Mr. Gerald Balfour), whilst laying great 
 emphasis on the conditions mentioned in Section 1 (3) of the 
 Act, said that his meaning would be made more clear by refer- 
 ence to Mr. Charles Booth's classification of the inhabitants of 
 the poorer districts of London : — A, the lowest, roughly corres- 
 ponding to those who were hopelessly unemployed ; B, those who 
 were casually employed ; C, those with intermittent employment ; 
 D, regular workers at low wages; and E, regular workers at 
 standard rates of payment. It was not intended that work 
 should be provided for classes A and B or geterally for class C.
 
 The Regnldiions {Organisation for Unem'ploijed) 1905. 101 
 
 Art. II. — Note — 
 
 In the House of Lords, Lord Balfour of Burleigh asked the 
 Mnrquis of Lansdowne, iu charg^e of the Bill in the House — (a) 
 How loug, ill the opinion of th« Local Government Board, 
 would a man have to be out of wuik before he was regarded as a 
 fit applicant for the benefit of the Act ? (6) Would the following 
 classes be also considered fit applicants? — (1) Men refusing 
 work because it was not paid for according to the standard rate 
 of trade-union remuneration; (2) Men on strike; and (3) Men 
 regularly short of work during a portion of the year, but getting 
 good wages for a considerable part of the year. The Marquis of 
 Lansdowne answered that, subject to the provisions of the Act 
 and Eegulations, the decisions of the Local Body must depend 
 upon the circumstances of each particular case j but his answer, 
 in relation to men invariably well-occupied and paid during a 
 part of the year, and rejularly short of work in winter months 
 was in the negative. The Marquis also stated that the question 
 was considered when the Bill was being prepared and the words 
 (Section 1 (3)) "from exceptional causes over which he has no 
 control" were inserted (Parliamentary Debates). 
 
 (2) Residential qualification for Ai^pUcation. 
 
 While the period under the present Act may not be "less 
 than twelve months, immediately before the application " [Act, 
 Sect. 1 (2)], the Central Body — or Distress Committee having the 
 power of a Central Body — ^may fix a longer period than 12 
 months. " Month " means " Calendar Month" [Interpretation 
 Act, 18S9, 52 and 53 Vict. 63. Sect. 3]. There was no residential 
 qualification inserted in the present measure as originally 
 introduced. It was inserted on representation that there should 
 be a qualification equal to that required to give a person a 
 status of irremovability luider the Poor Law, which is 12 months 
 unbroken residence without relief [Union Chargeability Act, 
 18f55, 28 and 29 Vict. c. 79. Sect. 8]. In connection with Poor 
 Kemoval Law it has been held that there is no break in 
 re.=idence under the following circumstances: — (1) Absence for 
 a merely temporary purpose, with an intention to return [R. v. 
 Stapleton, 22 L.J. M. C. 102, per Crompton J.; Wellington v. 
 Whitechurch, 32 L.J. M. C. 189. 27 J.P. (546] and (2) Absence to 
 do work uniier a contract where there is intention to return upon 
 couinletion of contract [R. v. Brighton Poor Directors, 24 L.J. 
 M. C. 41, 24 L.T. (N.S.) 138]. Absence while .seeking work, but 
 maintaining family while away and afterwards returning, has 
 been held not to necessarily constitute a break in residence [R. 
 V. Tacolneston, 18 L.J. M. C. 44; R. v. St. Marylebone, 20 L.J. 
 M. C. 173].
 
 102 Tlie Regiihdions {Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1005. 
 
 Art. II. — Notes — 
 
 As to area in which residential qualification is necessary 
 see Page 98. It should be understood that while residence must 
 be continuous in the area of the Central Body or Distress 
 Committee it need not be continuous in the same dwelling within 
 the area. 
 
 Owing to the terms of Sect. 1 (2) of the Act, oddly enough, 
 a man who returns to his birthplace after an absence of twelve 
 months will not in that place be able to have the benefits of the 
 Act until he has obtained the twelve months' residential qiiali- 
 tieation, in other words, he will be in the position of a stranger. 
 
 (3) What the Committee may do to assist Applicants. 
 
 " If the Distress Committee are satisfied that the case of 
 an applicant is one in which the prescribed conditions are com- 
 plied with, they may endeavour to obtain work for him. If, 
 however, they think that the case is one for treatment by the 
 Central Body rather than by themselves they may refer the case 
 to that Body, and in this way the Distress Committee will be able 
 to deal with the cases of applicants for whom they are unable to 
 obtain work, but for whom they think that work should, if 
 possible, be provided. In no case, however, will the Committee 
 have any power to provide or contribute towards the provision of 
 work for any unemployed person, i.e., either to employ him them- 
 selves, or to make any payment in respect of his employment by 
 others " [L.G.B.C.L., 10th October, 1905, London, City and Metro- 
 litan Boroughs]. The Act, Sect. 1 (3), provides for Keference to 
 Central Body. Outside London, in any area, where there is a 
 Distress Committee and no Central Body, the Distress Com- 
 mittee will have the power of a Central Body [Act, Sect. 2 (1) : 
 Regulations, Article XXI]. 
 
 (4) Dependants. 
 
 See Note 5 to Article 11. (1) (i), (ii), (iii). 
 
 (3) In any case of an unemployed person referred 
 to a Central Body by a Distress Committee, this Tleg'u- 
 lation shall, where the circumstances so require, apply 
 vpith the substitution of references to the Central Body, 
 and an officer, a member, or any other person authorised 
 by the Central Body for references to the Distress 
 Committee, and an officer, a member, or any other 
 person authorised by the Distress Committee, and
 
 The Begulatiovfi {Organisation J or Unonploi/ed) 1905. 103 
 Art. II. 
 with such other rnodifications and adaptations as ai^e 
 necessary to render this Regulation applicable to the 
 duties to be performed and the powers to be exercised 
 by the Central Body : 
 
 ProAnded that it shall be within the discretion of 
 the Central Body to investigate anew the facts of any 
 case referred to them by a Distress Committee, but 
 that nothing in this Regulation shall require the Cen- 
 tral Body to do so : 
 
 Provided also that where the Central Body think fit 
 to require a Distress Committee to make a further 
 investigation of the facts of any case referred by the 
 Distress Committee to the Central Body, the Distress 
 Committee shall forthwith comply with the requisition 
 of the Central Body, and report the results to the Cen- 
 tral Body. 
 
 Note.— Art. IT. (3) The Central Body should not deal with any 
 case referred to them by the Distress Committee, vinless it is 
 one which comes within the provisions prescribed in Article I. 
 See Article YI. (4). 
 
 (4) Wliej-e a Distress Committee or a Central Body 
 are satisfied that the answer to a question put to an 
 applicant, or that the information supplied by an appli- 
 cant with respect to any matter which, in their o])inion, 
 is material, is false to the knowledge of the applicant, 
 tlpe Distress Committee or the Centi-al Body shall make 
 and keep a suitable record of the case.
 
 104 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art. II. 
 
 A person whose case is so recorded shall, until, for 
 good cause shown to them, the Distress Committee or 
 the Central Body cancel the record, cease to be quali- 
 fied to receive assistance from a Distress Committee or 
 a Central Body. 
 
 Note. — Art. II. (4) No penalty is prescribed in the Act for 
 wilful false statement made by applicant, therefore the only 
 pi^naltv is the disqualification laid down by this Kegu- 
 lation '[See Article XXI]. 
 
 Emigration ARTICLE III. (1) The conditions under which a 
 
 Central Body may aid the (jmigration of an unemployed 
 ])erson and any of his dependants shall be as follows : — 
 
 The Central Body shall satisfy themselves 
 that the unemployed person and any of his 
 dependants whose emigration is to be aided 
 will be conveyed to and received at the place 
 of destination in circumstances which will 
 secure or facilitate the immediate fulfilment of 
 the condition that the unemployed person shall 
 be put in a position to obtain regular work, or 
 other means of supporting himself and any of his 
 dependants who accompany him. 
 
 (2) The case of an applicant for assistance who 
 satisfies the Central Body that, in respect of age, phy- 
 sical ability, and past employment, he is qualified for 
 employment in agriculture, including horticulture, 
 forestry, and the use of land for any purpose of hus- 
 bandry, the keeping and breeding of "live stock, or the 
 growth of fruit or vegetables, shall be treated by the 
 Central Body in pi-eference to cases of a different char- 
 acter.
 
 The Regulations {Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1005. 105 
 Art. III. 
 
 (3) The Central Body shall, at the end of every 
 month, leport to the Local Govei'nment Board in a form 
 to be furnished by the Locnl Government Board all 
 suoh particulars as are indicated in the form in relation 
 to every person Avho during the month has been aided 
 to emigrate. 
 
 {1) Colonial and Foreign Immigration Laws. 
 
 In deciding to aid emij^ration of any case the most rigid 
 adherence to the terms of the regulation of Article III. (1) is 
 absolutely necessary by reason of the Mcasuret adopted for the 
 Restriction and Control of Immigration in Foreign Countries and 
 in British Colonies. 
 
 The Measures rpferred to are set out in the recently issuf^d 
 Eeport of the Royal Commission on Alien Immigration, which 
 may be obtained from Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode, East 
 Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.G. (price sixpence). See further 
 under Note (2). 
 
 (2) Emigration under Poor Law and the Local Government 
 
 Act, 1888. 
 
 There are extensive provisions made in these Acts 
 with respect to Emigration. They are fully set out in the 
 "Emigration Statutes and General Handbook" issued by the 
 Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broadway, Westminster, 
 S.W. The handbook is edited by Mr. Walter Paton, M.A. 
 (Barrister-at-Law), and contains exhaustive information, inter 
 alia, on Colonial Statutes to restrict undesirable immigration. 
 It also contains a list of British Emigration Societies. The 
 handbook may be obtained from Messrs. Wyman and Sons Ltd., 
 Fetter Line, E.C., or direct from the Emigrants' Information 
 Office (price threepence). 
 
 (3) Dependants. 
 
 See Note 5 to Article II. (1). 
 .See Article XXI. 
 
 Article TV. The conditions under which a Cen- 
 tral Body may aid the removal to another area of an 
 unemployed person and any of his dependants shall be 
 xis follows : — 
 
 Removal
 
 106 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art. IV. 
 
 (i) The unemployed person and a dependant of the 
 ■unemployed person shall be aided to remove 
 only to an area within the limits of England 
 and Wales : 
 
 (ii) The Central Body shall satisfy themselves that 
 the unemployed person whose removal to 
 another area is to be aided will, on reaching the 
 place of destination in that area, be put at once 
 in a position to obtain regular work or other 
 means of supporting himself and any of his 
 dependants who accompany him, and that 
 suitable dwelling accommodation for the per.son 
 or persons to be removed can be provided at 
 the place of destination : 
 
 (iii) The Central Body shall also satisfy themselves 
 that the regular work which the unemployed 
 person will be in a positiofi to obtain at the 
 place of destination will be of such duration, or 
 that the facilities for other regular employment 
 will be such as to afford every reasonable 
 expectation that the person or persons whose 
 removal is to be aided will not become charge- 
 able to the poor rate at any time during a 
 period of twelve months after the i-emoval. 
 (1) The restriction and conditions in the Regulations. 
 
 Section 1 (5) of the Act legalises assistance by way of 
 removal to another area subject to Regulations made by the 
 Local Government Board (Section 4(3), (a)). The restrictions 
 iu the foregoing Regulation are necessary to prevent the 
 practical repeal of Section 6 of the " Poor Removal Act, 1846 "
 
 The Regtdatiovs {Orgnnisation, Jor Unemployed) 190S. 107 
 
 Art. IV.— Note— 
 (9 and 10 Vict., c. 66) where it is enacted that " If any officer of 
 any Parish or Union do contrary to law, with intent to cause 
 any poor person to become chargeable to any parish to which 
 such person was not then chargeable, convey any poor person 
 out of the parish for which such officer acts, or cause or procure 
 any jjoor person to be bo conveyed, or give directly or indirectly 
 any money, relief, or assistance, or afford, or procure to be 
 afforded any facility for such conveyance, or make any offer, or 
 promise, or use any threat to induce any poor person to depart 
 Irom such parish, and if, in consequence of such conveyance or 
 departure, any poor person become chargeable to any parish to 
 which he was not then chargeable, such officer, on conviction 
 thereof before any two justices, shall forfeit and pay for every 
 such offence any svim not exceeding five pounds nor less than 
 forty shillings." 
 
 The restriction in the Regulations are not only prohibitive 
 of "dumping" the unemployed in other areas, but the conditions 
 imposed are such that the person whose removal is aided shall 
 n..t be likely to become at any time a charge to the Eates in his 
 new place of domicile, and certainly not so ))efore he or she has 
 there obtained a status of irremovability under the Poor Law. 
 [See Note 2 to Article II. (2)]. 
 
 (2) How the Central Body, or Distress Committee, as the case may 
 
 he are to " s itis/y themselves." 
 
 One way in which this may be done is by personal 
 investigations made by their own officer in the district to 
 which removal is proposed. [See Article XI.] 
 
 (3) No Consent of the Local Government Board required to either 
 
 Emigration or Removal: Agreement of Person to repay 
 expenditure. 
 
 " No consent on the part of the Board will be necessary 
 either to emigration or removal. It may be that in some 
 instances an unemployed person who is assisted either to 
 emigrate or to remove to another area may be willing to agree 
 to recoup the Central Body all or part of the sum expended by 
 them in assisting him. It will be comjietent for the Central 
 Body to enter into any agreement necessai-y for this purpose, 
 without any regulation being made on the subject [L.G.B. C.Ls. 
 loth Oct., 1905]." [See Article XXI]. 
 
 (4) T>epend'int<. 
 
 See N(.te 5 to Art. IF. (1).
 
 108 TJie Regulations {Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1905. 
 Conditions ARTICLE V. The conditions under which a Central 
 
 ftffectiiig 
 
 assistance Body may provide or contribute towards the provision 
 Body in the ,)f work Under the Act shall be as follows : — 
 
 rorm ot 
 temporary 
 
 work. 
 
 (i) Where the Central Body provide or conti'ibute 
 towards the provision of temporary work for 
 any person, the Central Body shall employ or 
 arrange for the employment of the applicant on 
 such terms as will enable them to enforce, 
 and they shall, as occasion requires, enforce 
 the observance of the following restrictions, 
 namely : — 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (1) In the Circular Letter of the 10th October, 
 accompanying the Regulations to London, City and Metropolitan 
 Boroughs, the Local Government Board referring to the restric- 
 tions in this Article state that " It is important that they should 
 be carefully studied by the Central Body." They make the 
 same observation in their Circular Letter of the same date to 
 the Provincial populous Boroughs and Urban Districts, substi- 
 tuting therein as the case requires " Distress Committee for 
 Central Body." 
 
 (a) That the work shall have for its object 
 a purpose of actual and substantial utility ; 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (1) (a) Ajjparently work need not necessarily be 
 of public utility — See Note below under paragraph (v). as to 
 work done for private person. 
 
 (6) That each person employed on the 
 work shall throughout his employment be 
 subject to effectual supervision;
 
 The Reyul((tio)>s {Organisaiion for Unriiij/loi/cd) 1905. 109 
 
 A.rt. V. 
 
 (c) That each person employed on the 
 work shall perform every task allotted to 
 him with diligence, and shall throughout his 
 employment attain a standard of efficiency 
 such as, with due regard to his ordinary 
 calling or occupation, and his age and phy- 
 sical ability, may properly be required of 
 him ; 
 
 {d) That each person employed on the 
 woi'k shall, as far as possible, be afforded 
 continuous occupation thereon day by day, 
 with such absence only as may be needed to 
 facilitate his search for regular work or 
 other means of supporting himself; 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (1) {d) It will be advisable for Central Body or 
 Distress Committee as the case may be, to make a Kegulation of 
 their own as to what absence will be allowed, and that the 
 •workers should be supplied with a print of it. 
 
 (e) That where the Central Body provide 
 or contribute towards the provision of tem- 
 porary work necessitating, during a period 
 or a succession of periods comprising in each 
 case four consecutive days at the least, con- 
 tinuous absence from home of the person 
 employed and he has a wife, child, or other 
 dependant, the Central Body shall satisfy 
 themselves that the cost of the lodging and 
 maintenance of the wife, child, or other 
 dependant will be defrayed by deduction
 
 110 The Regulations (^Organisation Jor Uneynployed) 1905. 
 Art. V. 
 
 from the remuneration of the person em- 
 ployed, and that he has made or will make 
 every such agreement or arrangement as may 
 be needed to give full effect to this restriction; 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (1) (e) The agreement or arrangement should 
 be made and completed in writing at the time of the worker's 
 engagement. The Central Body or the Distress Committee, as 
 the case may be, should ensure an arrangement by which those 
 in whose behalf the deduction is made will obtain the benefit 
 of it with all due despatch and convenience so as to avoid any 
 risk of application to the Guardians for relief. As to rate of 
 the worker's remuneration See Condition {g). For the ex- 
 pression "dependants" See Note (5) to Article II. (1) (i). (ii). 
 Uii). 
 
 (/) That where the person employed has 
 
 no wife, child, or other dependant, or has a 
 
 wife, child, or other dependant, but is not 
 
 employed on temporaiy work necessitating, 
 
 during a period or a succession of periods 
 
 comprising in each case four consecutive 
 
 days at the least, his continuous absence 
 
 from home, the total remuneration of that 
 
 person for any given pei-iod of continuous 
 
 work shall be less than that which would 
 
 under ordinary circumstances be earned by 
 
 an unskilled labourer for continuous work 
 
 during the same period in the place at which 
 
 the work is provided ; and 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (1), (/"), (.g) In the Measure as originally 
 introduced it was provided that the total weekly remuneration 
 for any temporary work provided for the unemjDloyed should " be 
 less than that which would under ordinary circumstances be 
 earned by an unskilled labourer for a full week's work." The Act 
 does not contain this condition. In effect, therefore, what was
 
 Tlie Rc'julatU ns {Qr^ci)iisntio)i Jor Unevijjloycd) 1905. Ill 
 
 Art. v.— NoTB — 
 taken out of the Measure has been put back by the Eegulations. 
 The Local Government Board in doing so have, however, not gone 
 outside their legislative authority [See Section 4 (3), {(()']. The 
 restrictions imposed by the Regulations not only necessitate 
 that the worker, irrespective of the work he does, shall be paid 
 less than the unskilled labourer, but they also necessitate 
 different treatment between single men and men with families 
 who are sent to work at such distance as involves absence from 
 home for more than four consecutive days, and men with 
 fjimilies sent to woik at such a distance, and men with families 
 not so sent. Clearly the Central Body, or Distress Committee, 
 as the case may be, should determine upon such a rate of 
 remuneration as on the one hand will not be a breach of the 
 restrictions, and yet on the. othfr hand avoid anomalies. 
 Taking restriction (/) with restriction {g), it is quite possible 
 for an anomaly to arise, e.g. — If a single man and a married man 
 are provided with temporary work at such a distance from home 
 that absence of both from home is necessitated for a longer period 
 than "four consecutive days," the remuneration of the single man 
 is to be less than that of the unskilled labourer where the work 
 is, but that of the mrrried man is to be less than that of the 
 unskilled labourer where the family remain. If, therefore, the 
 remuneration of the unskilled labourer in the district where the 
 wcrk is provided is higher than that where the married worker's 
 fi mily remain, the single man, may, unless a difference is made 
 by the Central Body or Distress Committee to correct the 
 anomaly, receive mere than the mairied man. 
 
 (g) That where the person emploj^ed has a 
 wife, child, or other dependant, and the 
 remuneration of that person is subject to 
 deduction for the purpose of defraying the 
 cost of the lodging and maintenance of the 
 wife, child, or other dependant, the total 
 remuneration of the said person for any given 
 period of continuous work shall be less than 
 that which would under ordinary circum- 
 stances be earned by an unskilled labourer 
 for continuous work during the same period 
 in the place at which the wife, child, or 
 other dependant is lodged and maintained.
 
 112 The, Regnlationt {Organisation for Unemjdoyed) 1D05. 
 
 Art. V. 
 
 (ii.) Where the Central Body contribute towards the 
 provision of temporary work, their contribution 
 shall be made on terms which will enable them 
 to exercise, and they shall, as occasion requires, 
 exercise the right to withhold the contribution 
 or any part of the contribution on proof to their 
 satisfaction tliat any restriction mentioned in 
 
 Condition (i.) has not been observed. 
 Note. — 
 
 Article Y. (1) (ii). This should be inserted as one of the 
 terms of the Contract made by the Local or Public Body — See 
 Note below to ynb-division (v). 
 
 (iii.) Where the Central Body provide or contribute 
 towards the provision of temporary work in any 
 particular case, the Central Body shall cause 
 all such facilities as, in their opinion, are 
 reasonable to be afforded for the purpose of 
 putting the person for whom temporary work 
 has been provided in a position to obtain regular 
 work or other means of supporting himself. 
 
 The Central Body, when satisfied that a 
 person for whom temporary work has been 
 provided has neglected to make proper use of 
 the facilities afforded for the purpose of putting 
 him in a position to obtain regular work or 
 other means of supporting himself, or that the 
 person has, without reasonable excuse, neglected 
 or refused to avail himself of an offer of regular 
 work or of other means of supporting himself, 
 shall put an end to the provision of temporary 
 work for that person.
 
 The Regulations {Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1905. 113 
 
 Art. V. — Note — 
 NoTK. — 
 
 Article V. (iii). The facilities to be allowed in behalf 
 of the worker are such as are required by Sect. 1 (5) of the Act. 
 
 (iv.) The Central Body may, in the case of a person 
 for whom temporary work has been provided, 
 put an end at any time to the provi.sion of 
 temporary work for that person, and shall in no 
 case continue the provision of temporary work 
 for more than sixteen weeks in any period of 
 twelve months except with the consent of the 
 Local Government Board. 
 
 (v.) The Central Body shall contribute towards the 
 
 provision of temporary work in those cases only 
 
 in which the work will be provided by a Local 
 
 Authority or Public Body. 
 
 Note. — 
 
 Article V. (v). On Sub-division (v). of the Article the 
 Local Government Board in their Circular Letter of the 10th, 
 October, 1905, to the London, City and Metropolitan Boroughs, 
 observe " 'I'hat, whilst it will not be competent for the Central 
 Body to contribute towards the pi'ovision of temporary work 
 where work is provided by a private person, it is not intended to 
 imply that under no circumstances is work to be done by the 
 Central Body for a private person. But in any such case the 
 Central Body must themselves provide the work, i.e., they must 
 be the employers and responsible for the conditions of the 
 employment as between themselves and the persons employed. 
 
 " Where the Central Body propose to contribute towards 
 the provision of temporary work by a Local Authority or Public 
 Body, it would appear to be desirable that an asj^reement should 
 be entered into Vjetween the Central Body and the Authority con- 
 cerned, and that the aj^reement should contain a stipulation for 
 some recoupment to be made to the Central Body on account of 
 the services of the workmen in respect of whom they contribute 
 towards the work. The value of these services should be repre- 
 sented by a sum which should either be fixed by the agreement 
 itself or be determined by some easy method specified in the 
 agreement. 
 
 H
 
 114 Tlie Regulations {Organisation ;f or Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art. v.— Note— 
 
 " Where the Central Body are themselves the employers, 
 but the wi'rk is for the benefit of some tliii'd party, the same 
 general principles will apply." 
 
 The snme observations are made in the Circular Letter 
 sent to the Provincial populous Boroughs and Urban Districts 
 on the same date, " Distress Committee" being named in that 
 Letter for •' Central Body " iu the Loudon Circular. 
 
 General Note on Above. 
 
 Women as well as men may be provided with wnrlc. See 
 Note 4, Article II. (1) (i). (ii). (iii). Also see Article XXI. in 
 reference to expression " Central Body." 
 
 (vi.) In every case in which the Central Body pro- 
 vide or contribute towards the provision of 
 temporally work, the provision of temporary 
 work shall be subject to this Regulation, and 
 the conditions specified in this Regulation shall 
 form part of the terms and conditions of the 
 employment of any pei-son under tlie Act or 
 these Regulations. 
 
 Article VI. (1) A Distress Committee shall form 
 
 Record ■ ^ 
 
 Tnci'^^ "* ^'^'^ and keep a current record of every case in which they 
 receive, inquire into, or entertain an application under 
 the Act. 
 
 (2) For those purposes, the Distress Committee 
 shall provide for use in accordance with this Regulation 
 a sufficient suppl}' of Record Papers in the form set 
 forth in the Schedule to this Order. 
 
 (3) All such particulars as are indicated in the 
 Form in the Schedule to this Order and are appi-opriate 
 to the circumstances of each case shall be entered, from 
 time to time, and as soon as possible, upon the Record
 
 T/ie Eeytdatioiis {Orgaiiitiation for Unemployed) 1905. 115 
 
 Art. VI. 
 Paper relating to the case by an officer or by a member 
 or by any other person authorised by the Distress Com- 
 mittee, by the Central Body or by a Committee of the 
 Distress Committee or of the Central Body, according as 
 the circumstances or any directions or regulations of the 
 Distress Committee or of the Central Body require ; 
 and, in other respects, the Record Paper shall be used 
 in accordance with the instructions in the said Form. 
 
 (4) The Distress Committee shall retain in their 
 custody the Record Paper relating to every application 
 which they receive, inquire into, or entertain under the 
 Act, and which has not been made in a case referred 
 under the Act to the Central Body. 
 
 Where a case is referred under the Act by the 
 Distress Committee to the Central Body, the Record 
 Paper relating to the case shall be transferred by the 
 Distress Committee to the Central Body, and shall be 
 retained in the custody of the Central Body. 
 
 (5) The Distress Committee and the Central Body 
 shall each provide and by alteration, addition, or other- 
 wise shall each keep at all times ready for use an 
 Alphabetical Index to the Record Papers retained in 
 
 their custody. 
 NoTK. — Article VI. — 
 
 The Circular Letters (10th October, 1905) of the Local 
 Government Boai-d sent to London, City and Metropolitan 
 Boroughs, and to Provincial populous Borouiyhs and Urban 
 Districts, with the Regulations, state that : — " It is intended 
 that there shall be a Record Paper for each Case." They further 
 state (Circular to the Provinces) that the Record Paper is to be 
 liept up to date. By "keeping up to date" should be under- 
 stood that after the original decision or action on the case, 
 which must be duly recorded, punctual recoi'd must be made 
 of the " after history of the case " [See part II. of the Record 
 Paper in the Schedule], as auch history becomes known. The
 
 116 The Ilegulatiovs {Organisation for Unemjiloyed) 1905. 
 
 Art. VI. — NoTK — 
 Board in such Circular Letters point out that an Alphabetical 
 Index is required, " In order that the Record Paper in any 
 particular case may be readily found." The Transfer of Kecord 
 Paper to Central Body (second paragraph of sub-division (4) 
 will be necessary for the assistance of the Central Body [See 
 sub-division (3) of Article II.]. Of course where a Distress 
 Committee have the powers of a Central Body [See Article 
 XXI.] no transfer is necessary. 
 
 Article VII. A Distress Committee and a Central 
 Body shall each keep a Register. 
 
 The Register shall he in such form as the Distress 
 Committee or the Central Body think fit, subject to the 
 condition that the form shall be so arranged as to be 
 suitable for recording the names and addresses, and the 
 trade, calling, employment or octcupation of each person 
 from whom the Distress Committee have received an 
 application, and such other particulars as the Distress 
 Committee or the Central Body, as the case may be^ 
 cause to be extracted from any Record Paper which 
 relates to the application. 
 Note— Article VII. — 
 
 In the Circular Letters, mentioned in Note to Article VI., 
 the Local Government Board say that "It will be in the 
 discretion of the Committee to determine the form of the 
 Register " — so long, of course, as it is so arranged as to be 
 suitable for the recording of particulars required by the 
 Regulation. The Regulation is that "The Register shall be 
 in such form as the Distress Committee or Central Body think 
 fit, subject, etc." The Regulation is worded so that both 
 Distress Committee and Central Body may each have their own 
 form. In actual working this may be necessary as the Central 
 Body may have to deal with cases migrating from one Com- 
 mittee to another in the area of the Central Body. It is 
 advisable that the form of Register should be the same for all 
 Committees within the area of a Central Body. For the 
 Central Body's power of co-ordination, see Section I. (4) of the 
 Act. The Board point out [London Circulnr] that the Distress 
 Committee on Reference of case to Central Body will have 
 to part with the Record Paper, but by means of the Register 
 should be able to refer to circumstances of any particular case, 
 if they desire to do so.
 
 The Regidntlon.s {Oryruiisat'wii for Unevi ployed) 1905. 117 
 
 Article VIII. (1) Before a Central Body proceed ^^^^f" 
 to establish a Farm Colony, the Central Body shall ^^f^y^ 
 obtain the consent of the Local Government Board. 
 
 (2) Every application by a Central Body for the 
 consent of the Local Government Board to the estab- 
 lishment of a Farm Colony on laud purchased by 
 iigreement, or taken on lease for that purpose, or to the 
 establishment of a Farm Colony on land accepted by 
 the Central Body as a donation, shall be accompanied 
 by particulars showing : — 
 
 (i.) What is the greatest number of persons pro- 
 jjosed to be admitted at any one time to the 
 Farm Colony ; 
 
 (ii.) What will be the arrangements for housing and 
 maintaining the persons admitted to the Fai-m 
 Colony and any officers of the Central Body ; 
 
 (iii.) What is the total area of land which will be 
 available for pi-oviding temporary work for 
 persons admitted to the Farm Colony ; and 
 
 (iv.) What part of this area comprises arable land, 
 jjasture land, land under some other form of 
 cultivation, or uncultivated land. 
 
 (3) The Central Body shall, at the same time, 
 furnish the Local Government Board with a statement 
 which will give in relation to any land proposed to be 
 .acquired or to be used for the purposes of a Farm
 
 118 The Begulationa {Organmiilon for Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art. VIII. 
 Colony, the effect of the terms and conditions of 
 acquisition or use and of the covenants and customs 
 applicable to the land as an agricultural holding, and 
 which will enable the Local Government Board to 
 satisfy themselves that due observance of the said 
 terms, conditions, covenants, and customs is compatible 
 with the full and convenient use of the land for the 
 purposes of a Farm Colony. 
 
 (4) The Central Body shall likewise furnish the 
 Local Grovernment Board with evidence that all ex- 
 penses (other than the establishment charges of the 
 Central Body and their expenses in relation to the 
 acquisition of land) which will be incurred by the Cen- 
 tral Body in connection with the establishment, 
 maintenance, and working of the Farm Colony, the 
 remuneration, maintenance, and accommodation of 
 persons employed, the payment of rates, taxes, or 
 assessments, or for any other purpose in relation to 
 the Farm Colony, may reasonably be expected to be 
 defrayed out of voluntai'y contributions, or otherwise 
 than out of contributions by any Council. 
 
 (1) The Local Government Board's Observations. 
 
 In their Circular Letter (10th October, 1905), sent with 
 the Rej^ulations to London, City and Metropolitan Boroughs, the 
 Board made the following observations, viz. : — 
 
 " Section 4 (3) {b) of the Act enables the Board to provide 
 by the Kegulations for authorising the establishment, with 
 their consent, of farm colonies l)y a Central Body, and Article 
 VIII. of the Regulations prescribes the particulars and informa- 
 tion to be supplied to the Board when application is made to 
 them for their consent. The application should always be made 
 before the Central Body definitely undertake to establish a 
 farm colony.
 
 The Regidatioiis [Organisation for Unemployed) 1905: 119 
 
 Art. VIII.— NoTK— 
 
 " The acquisition of land with the consent of the Board 
 for any of the purposes of the Act is one of the matters the cost 
 of which can he defrayed out of the contributions of the Com- 
 mon Council of the City and the Metropolitan Borough Councils. 
 Where there are buildings on the land acquired, they will, of 
 course, pass with it, and will be taken into consideration in 
 determining the amount of the purchase-money or of the rent, 
 as the case may be. Where, however, there is no suitable 
 accommodation on the land for the persons employed on the 
 farm < olony, or the accommodation is insufficient, it will be 
 competent for the Central Body to provide the accommodation 
 required, but the cost cannot be defrayed out of the contribu- 
 tions of the Councils ur out of borrowed money, and must be 
 met from other sources. In some instances it may be practicable 
 for the Central Body to agree with the vendor or lessor 0/ the 
 land that he shall provide the necessary buildings on the land. 
 The purchase- money or the rent would be increased accordingly, 
 and the increased pnrchase-ynoney or rent might be defrayed out 
 of the contributions of the Councils, or in the case of jjurchase- 
 mo7iey, out of a Loan. The agreement might include an, 
 arrangement under vjhich work would be given to a certain 
 number of the unemployed in connection with the erection of the 
 buildings.'^ 
 
 In their Circular Letter of the same date, sent with the 
 Regulations to Provincial populous Boroughs and Urban Dis- 
 tricts the Board make the same observations, excepting that 
 observations given above in ifcdics are not — for some reason 
 known only to the Board — included in the Provincial Circular. 
 In this Circular Letter the "Distress Committee" are named 
 for " Central Body" [see Article XXL] in the London Circular 
 Letter, and the contributions mentioned are the contrilnitions 
 of the Council by whom the Distress Committee are appointed. 
 For limitations on and ajiplication of any such contributions, 
 see Section 1 (6) of the Act. 
 
 (2) Co-operation of one Body with another. 
 
 The establishment of Farm Colonies are undertakings 
 which may in some cases be best secured by a combination of 
 Central Bodies or Distress Committees having the p'owers of a 
 Central Body. This, apparently — as one matter in which com- 
 bination would be advantageous — is pro\ ided for by Article 
 XX. See Note to that Article. 
 
 (3) Donatio7hs — -See Article XIV. 
 
 Application of Receipts of Farm Colony — See Article XV. 
 Acquisition of Land and Borroiving — Sie Articles X. 
 and XVIll. Also see Article XXI.
 
 120 Tite Regulations {Organisation for Une7nploi/ed) 1905. 
 
 Art. Vllf.— Note— 
 (4) Definition oj ^^ Farm Colonies" and purpose. 
 
 In the House of Lords (Committee Stage) Earl Camper- 
 down pointed ont that there was no delinition in the Measure of 
 the expression "Farm Colonies." In reply, the Marquis of 
 Lansdowne, who had charge of the Measure, said : "I take it 
 that what is intended is that land should be acquired in the 
 country for the purpose of teaching and promoting an interest 
 in agricultural occupations, road-making, and such work as 
 that. I do not think there really is any analogy, or any close 
 analogy, between the case of a farm colony and ordinary allot- 
 ments let to labourers. The farm colony experiment has, in fact, 
 been tried with considerable success at the places to which the 
 noble Lord referred, particularly at the farm colony established 
 by Mr. Walter Long's Central Committee in Suffolk. Tlie object 
 of these farm colonies, I take it, is to provide a place which can 
 be used as a kind of depot for unemployed men whom it is 
 desired to emigrate or remove to other parts of the country, and 
 to whom it is desired to give some kind of instruction in agricul- 
 tural work." [Parliamentary Debates]. 
 
 Article IX. (1) Before a Central Body proceed 
 to provide temporary accommodation for persons for 
 whom the Central Body provide work upon land, the 
 Central Body shall obtain the consent of the Local 
 Government Board. 
 
 (2) Every application by a Central Body for the 
 consent of the Local Grovernment Board to the pro- 
 vision of temporary accommodation for persons for 
 whom the Central Body provide work upon laud shall 
 be accompanied by plans, estimates, and particulars 
 showing : — 
 
 (i.) The situation of the land and the natuie of the 
 work to be provided thereon ; 
 
 (ii.) The situation, nature, extent, and allocation of 
 tlie temporary accommodation ;
 
 The Re'julations (Orrfcinisatiun for Un mployed) 1905. 121 
 
 Art. IX. 
 
 (iii.) The cost of the provision and maintenance of 
 the temporary accommodation ; and 
 
 (iv.) Such other details as will suffice to indicate 
 that the temporary accommodation is necessary, 
 and will be suitable, and that the resources of 
 the Central Body which are supplied by volun- 
 tary contributions, or otherwise than from 
 contributions by any Council, will be adequate 
 to defray the cost of the provision and main- 
 tenance of the temporary accommodation and 
 all other expenses, including rates, taxes, or 
 assessments, to be incurred in or about the 
 provision and maintenance of the temporary 
 accommodation. 
 
 {!) The Observation of the Local Government Board. 
 
 In their Circular Letter (10th October, 1905) sent with the 
 Ee<?u]ations to London, City and Metropolitan Boroughs the 
 Board observed that : — 
 
 " The Board are further empowered by Section (4) (3) (b) 
 of the Act to authorise by the Regulations the provision, with 
 their consent, of temporary accommodation for persona for whom 
 work upon the land is provided. 
 
 " The power given to the Central Body to provide accom- 
 modation of the kind referred to is intended to meet cases where 
 the Central Body provide work, or contribute towards ttie 
 provision of ir, upon laud whicli is too distant to enable the 
 workmen to return home at night, and where there is no 
 suitable accommolation available within a reasonable distance. 
 The accommodation must be of a temporary character, and the 
 cost cannot be defrayed out of the contributions of the Councils 
 except in so far as it may be necessary to acquire land for the 
 purpose. 
 
 "The Board's consent should always be obtained before 
 the Central Body undertake to provide the accommodation."
 
 122 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Art. IX.— Note— 
 
 The same observations are containerl in the Board's Cir- 
 cular Letter of the same date to Provincial populous Boroughs 
 and Urban Districts. In that Circular the expression " Distress 
 Committee " is used for the expression " Central Body " in the 
 London Circular. [See Article XXT.]. 
 
 (2) The Adjective " Temporary." 
 
 During the House of Lords' Committee Sta^^e upon the 
 Measure, Lord Balfour of Burleigh asked what was the intended 
 ', interpretatiou of the words " Temporary Accommodation." Did 
 the adjective " Temporary " apply to the form of the accommoda- 
 tion, or the time during which the occupant might remain in 
 accommodation. The ^larquis of Lansdowne, who had charge of 
 the Measure, in reply said:— "The word may, for all I know, 
 have both meanings attrilnited to it by the noble Lord, but I 
 should say that what was contemplated was undoubtedly the 
 temporary accommodation of unemployed persons— that is, 
 during the time when an effort is being made to obtain employ- 
 ment for them " (I'arliamentary Debates). 
 
 (3) [See Notes under Article VIII]. 
 
 Article X. A Central Body may, with the consent 
 of the Local Government Board, purchase by agreement 
 or take on lease land for the purposes of the Act. 
 
 For the purpose of the purchase of land by the 
 Central Body, the Lands Clauses Acts, except the 
 provisions with respect to the purchase and taking of 
 land otherwise than by agreement, and the provisions 
 of Sections one hundred and twenty-seven to one 
 hundred and thirty-one, and of Sections one hundred 
 and fifty and one hundred and fifty-one of the Lands 
 Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, shall apply as if, 
 subject to these Eegulatious, the Lands Clauses 
 Acts except as aforesaid were incorporated with 
 the Act, and as if for the purposes of the incorporation 
 the Act were deemed to be the Special Act, and the 
 Central Body were deemed to be the promoters of the 
 undertaking :
 
 The Regulations {Organisatioii for Unemployed) 1905. 123 
 Art. X. 
 
 Provideil that nothing in the incorporated provisions 
 of the Lands Clauses Acts or in the Act or in any 
 "Regulations made under the Act shall prevent the 
 Central Body, on a purchase of land, from acquiring 
 the entire fee simple free from any covenant, condition, 
 or limitation, which would affect or interfere with the 
 use of the land on a subsequent alienation for any 
 purpose other than the purpose for which the land is 
 acquired by the Central Body. 
 
 Any land acquired by a Central Body and not 
 rec[uired for the purposes for which the land was 
 acquired shall be disposed of and any moneys arising 
 from the disposal shall be applied in such manner and 
 subject to such conditions as the Local Government 
 Board direct. 
 NOTK. — Article X. — 
 
 "The purposes of the Act" for which land may be 
 acquired are the provision of temporary work which a Central 
 Body or Distress Conunittee having the power of a Central 
 Body [See Article XXI.] may provide for unemployed workmen 
 "in proper cases" [Act, Title and Sections 1 (5) and 4 (3) (cj] 
 On Article X. see Article V. and the Notes generally given to 
 Article IX. Also Section 8 of the Act. 
 
 As to the provisions in Land Clauses Acts incorporated by 
 Article X. see " Enactments incorporated in Kegulations " 
 following Schedule to the Kegulations. 
 
 Article XI. A Distress Committee and a Central 
 Body may each employ such officers as are necessary 
 for the efficient exercise of the j^owers and tlie efficient 
 discharge of the duties of the Distress Conunittee or 
 Central Body. 
 
 Note to Article XI. See Article XX. 
 
 Officers.
 
 124 The Regultitions {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Office 
 accommo- 
 dation. 
 
 Inspectors 
 at meetiiii 
 
 Donations. 
 
 Article XII. Where a Distress Committee or a 
 
 Central Body cannot obtain the use of suitable offices 
 
 belonging to a Local Authority, the Distress Committee 
 
 or the Central Body may themselves ]irovide such offices 
 
 as may be necessary for tlieir purposes. 
 Note to Article XII. See Article XX. 
 
 Article XIII. An Inspector of the Local Govern- 
 ment Board may attend every meeting of a Distress 
 Committee, of a Central Body, or of a Special Com- 
 mittee ; but the Inspector shall not vote at any such 
 meeting. 
 Notes. — Article XIII. — 
 
 Although an Inspector can not vote, his advice anri assis- 
 tance, however, should be of value. It is not a new thing to 
 give such powei'S as are given under this Article to an Inspector. 
 Under the " Poor Law Board Act, 1847" (10 and 11 Vict., c. 109, 
 s. 20). hf» hns the rights of ntt^nding mept'i'iyrs of P.oariis of 
 Guardians, and of taking part in the proceedings, though not of 
 voting. Tinder the " Public Health Act, 1875 " (38 and 39 Vic, 
 c 55, s. 205), he can attend meetings of Rural and Non-Borough 
 Urban Authorities "when, and as directed by the Local 
 Government Board," but he has no statutory authority for 
 taking'part in the proceedings. 
 
 Article XIV. A Central Body may accept a 
 donation of money or other property for the purposes 
 of the Central Body, subject to the condition that the 
 money or other property shall be used or applied for 
 the said purposes in such a manner as to secure com- 
 pliance in all respects with the requirements of the Act 
 and of any Regulations made under the Act, and also 
 subject to the condition that the money or property 
 shall not be used or applied for any other purposes ; 
 and all money or other px'operty accepted by the Central 
 Body shall be administered accordingly.
 
 The Regtdations {Organisntion for Unemployed) 1905. 125 
 
 Art. XIV.— Note- 
 Note.— Article XIV. — 
 
 In cuniiexion with this Regulation, Siili-.seetion (6) of 
 Section I. of the Act sliunld he referred to. All ex])enditure 
 other than that provision permits to he met out of the contribu- 
 tion.s from the Councils — which are strictly limited^ — .vill have 
 to be met by voluntary contri})utions, plus any receipts from 
 Farm Colony (Article XV.) In their Circular Letters issued 
 with the Kegulations, the Local Government Board offer no 
 opinion or make any suggestions as to methods of how volun- 
 tary contributions or donations are to be sought. It will there- 
 fore be one of the first and most important questions Central 
 Bodies and Distress Committees having the powers of Central 
 Bodies (Article XXI.) will have to concern themselves with. 
 From newspaper reports it would appear that recently Mr. 
 Keir Hardie, M.P. , .suggested that the restrictions in the matter 
 of contributions from Councils, contained in Section I. (6), 
 might be augmented by the Councils making use of prohts of 
 Municipal Undertakings — Gas profits, »S:c. — as voluntary con- 
 tributions for the purposes of the present Act. Clearly that 
 could not be so, as such profits must Ije used in the way pre- 
 scribed by the Statutory Provisions affecting the Undertakings 
 — u.sually the relief of the Borough Kate. 
 
 Article XV. A Central Body shall cause all Receipts 
 
 • • p 1 1 • J? -n /-NT from farm 
 
 receipts arising irom the working or a I^arni Colonv to colony. 
 be carried to the Greneral Account of the Central Fund 
 and to be afterwai'ds transferred to the credit of the 
 Account of Voluntary Contributions received by the 
 Central Body. 
 
 Note.— Article XV! — 
 
 It is not simply "profit" that has to be carried to the 
 " General Account,'' but all receipts. As to " fund " see 
 Section 1 (6) of the Act. Also see Article XXI. 
 
 Article XVI. The Accounts of a Central Body Audit, 
 and of the officers of the Central Body shall be made 
 up and audited in like manner and subject to the same 
 provisions as the accounts of a County Council and the 
 enactments relating to the Audit of the Accounts of a
 
 126 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art, XVI. 
 County Council, and to all matters incidental thereto 
 and consequential thereon, including the penal pro- 
 visions, shall apply accordingly. 
 
 Note. — Article XVI.— 
 
 For the provisions incorporated in this Regulation see 
 " Enactments incorporated in the Regulations " following the 
 Schedule to the Regulations. Also see Article XXI. 
 
 Recovery of Article XVII. For enforcing the pavnient of a 
 
 tioiis. contribution by a Council liable to make contributions 
 
 in pursuance of the Act, sections two hundred and 
 
 eighty-four and two hundred and ninety -two of the 
 
 Public Health Act, 1875, shall apply as if, with the 
 
 necessary modifications, they were herein re-enacted, 
 
 and in terms made applicable to the payment and 
 
 recovery of a contribution to be made by a Council on 
 
 the demand of a Central Body. 
 
 Note.— Article XVII.— 
 
 For the provisions incorporated in this Regulation see 
 "Enactments incorporated in the Kegulations " fallowing the 
 Schedule to the Regulations. Also see Article XXI. 
 
 Borrowing. -t^RTiCLE XVIII. A Central Body, with the cocsent 
 
 of the Local Government Board, may borrow money in 
 like manner, and subject to the like conditions as a 
 Local Authority may borrow for defraying expenses 
 incurred in the execution of the Public Health Acts ; 
 and sections two hundred and thirty-three, two hundred 
 and thirty-four, and two hundred and thirty-six to two 
 hundred and thirty-nine of the Public Health Act, 
 1875, shall apply accordingly, with the necessary modi- 
 fications, and, in particular, with the modifications 
 herein-after set forth, that is to say : —
 
 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 127 
 
 Art. XVIII. 
 
 (a) The money shall be borrowed only for the 
 
 purchase of land , and 
 {h) The money shall be borrowed on the security 
 of the contributions to be raised on the 
 demand of the Central Body. 
 
 Note.— Article XVIII.— 
 
 For the provisions incorporated in this Regulation see 
 " Enactments incorporated in the Regulations " following the 
 Schedule to the Regulations. Also see Article XXI. 
 
 Akticle XIX. (1) Where a Local Exchange has \?^°^„, 
 been established within the area of a Central Body, or 
 of a Special Committee, the Central Body or Special 
 Committee may, by agreement, assist or take over the 
 Local Exchange. 
 
 (2) Whei'e a Central Body or a Special Committee 
 establish a Central Exchange, the Central Body or 
 Special Committee shall provide for the effective 
 working, in combination with the Central Exchange, of 
 every Local Exchange which the Central Body or Special 
 Committee establish or assist or take over, and, so far 
 as they may think desirable and as may be agreed, of 
 any other Local Exchange which is within the area of 
 the Central Body or of the Special Committee. 
 
 (3) Where two or more Central Bodies or Special 
 Committees have established Central Exchanges, or 
 have established or taken over Local Exchanges, those 
 Central Bodies or Special Committees may, by agree- 
 ment, cu-oiierate for the combined working of the 
 Centi-al Excljaugos or Local Exchanges upon such 
 terms and subject to such conditions as may be settled 
 by the agreement.
 
 12S TJie licyultiiions (^Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1905. 
 Art. XIX. 
 
 (4) A Central Bodv by whom a Local Exchange has 
 been established or taken over may delegate the manage- 
 ment of the Local Exchange to any Distress Committee 
 within the area of the Central Body. 
 
 (5) A Central Body or a Special Committee may 
 arrange for the distribution and publication of a.ny 
 information which, in their opinion, may prove useful 
 to pei'sons desirous of obtaining wo^'k. 
 
 (6) If any question or difference arises as to any 
 
 proceeding or agreement, or as to any other matter or 
 
 thing under this Regulation, the Local Government 
 
 Board, on the application of any Central Body, Special 
 
 Committee, or Local Authority concerned, and after 
 
 such procedure as the Local Government Board think 
 
 fit, may, by Order, determine the qi;estion or difference ; 
 
 and any such determination shall be final and conclusive. 
 
 {l)The Provisions of the Act — re Labour Exchanges. 
 
 See Sections 1 (4), 2 (1), 2 (3). Also Articles XX. aucl 
 XXI. 
 
 (2) Local Government Hoard's Observations. 
 
 In their Circular Letter (10th October, 1905) to the 
 London, City, and Metropolitan Boroughs, it is stated that : — 
 
 " The Board have not thought it expedient at the present 
 time to make any regulations as to this matter. Should 
 regulations be found necessary, they would of course be 
 ■willing to make them, but they think that it would be desirable 
 to obtain some experience of the working of the Act before any 
 such regulations are made. 
 
 "The Board would not suggest that the Central Body 
 should immediately proceed themselves to establish local labour 
 exchanges without further information to guide them. With 
 the view of assisting the Central Body in this matter, the 
 Board have instructed one of their Inspectors to make inquiry 
 as to the working of existing Labour Bureaux and to repoi-t to
 
 The Regulations {Organisation j^or Unemployed) 1905. 129 
 
 Art. XIX.— Note— 
 them. On receipt of this Eeport, the Board will probably make 
 some further communication on the subject. In the meantime 
 they have abstained from prescribing^ any very detailed regiila- 
 tions with respect to this matter, though they have provided by 
 Article XIX. that a Central Body by whom a Local Exchange 
 has been establised or taken over, may delegate the manage- 
 ment of it to any Distress Committee within their area, and 
 have also made some provision for co-operation in cases in 
 which two or more Central Bodies or Special Committees set up 
 under Section 2 (3) of the Act have established Central Ex- 
 changes or have established or taken over Local Exchanges. 
 
 " It will no doubt be necessary that the Central Body 
 should establish a Central Exchange, or take over the one 
 already established by the Central Committee of the London 
 Unemployed Fund. If this is done, the Central Body will be 
 required by Sub-division (2) of Article XIX. to provide for the 
 effective working, in combination with the Central Exchange, of 
 any Local Exchange which they establish, or assist, or take over, 
 and, so far as they may think desirable and as may be agreed, 
 of any other Local Exchange in London." 
 
 The same observations as in the second paragraph of the 
 foregoing observations are contained in the Circular Letter 
 (10th October, 1905) to Provincial populous Boroughs and 
 Councils, "Distress Committee" being substituted for 
 " Central Body," and in the Circular Letter (10th October, 1905) 
 to Councils of Counties and Covmty Boroughs under 50,000. 
 
 (3) Forms. 
 
 The Local Government Board have prescribed no forms 
 for use at Labour Exchanges. Forms in use in London will be 
 found in the Appendix, and can be easily adapted, where 
 necessary, for any District. 
 
 (4) Definition. 
 
 For expression "Local Exchange" and "Central Ex- 
 change," see Article I. 
 
 (5) General Observations. 
 
 The provisions of the Act in relation to Labour Bureaux 
 taken with the provisions in Article XX. are of exceedingly 
 great importance, for, if fully worked, they permit of what has 
 been prop^^rW termed " Industrial Clearing Houses." 
 J 
 
 ^
 
 130 The Regulations {Organisation for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Article XX. — (1) Every Local Authority having 
 jurisdiction in the area of a Central Body or of a 
 Distress Committee may co-operate with or otherwise 
 provide siich assistance as the Central Body or the 
 Distress Committee need by placing the services of an 
 Officer of the Local Authority at the disposal of the 
 Central Body or Distress Committee for a specified 
 purpose, by furnishing the Central Body or Distress 
 Committee with information in the possession of the 
 Local Authority, or by providing the Central Body or 
 Distress Committee with accommodation on premises 
 belonging to the Local Authority. 
 
 Provided that, the consent of the Local Govern- 
 ment Board shall be obtained befoi'e the services of an 
 officer of a Poor Law Authority are placed at the 
 disposal of a Central Body or Distress Committee. 
 
 (2) In any other case for which no provision is 
 expressly made by these Regulations and in which it is 
 proposed that assistance shall be provided by one Body 
 or Committee having powers under the Act to another 
 such Body or Committee, the several Bodies and 
 Committees concerned may concur in framing and sub- 
 mitting to the Local Grovernment Board a scheme to 
 give effect to the proposal. 
 Note. — Article XX. — 
 
 In their Circular Letters (10th October, 1905) sent with 
 the Regulations to London, City, and Metropolitan Boroughs, and 
 to Provincial populous Boroughs and Urban Districts, the Local 
 Government Board state that they hope "that Local Authorities
 
 The, Regidafions (^Organisntion for Unemjyloyed) 1005. 131 
 Art. XX.— Note— 
 will be willing to co-operate wiu. ti,o Central Body and with 
 Distress Committees as regards officers and omcooor-ommodation. 
 It is very desirable that expenditure on this head sik^^M ^g 
 kept as low as is consistent with the efficient performance of the 
 work of the new bodies." 
 
 On the provision made in Article XX. re supnly of inform- 
 ation, the Board furtlier state that they trust "that Local 
 Authorities will avail themselves of this provision ; " also as 
 regards a Poor Law Authority [see definition of Board of 
 Guardians, note Sect. 2 (2) of Act] placing services of one of 
 their officers at disposal of Central Body, or Distress Com- 
 mittee, as the case may be, they say that they "will be ready 
 to consider any application which may be made to them for 
 their consent in any case in which the circumstances are such 
 that the officers' services may properly be made available for 
 the purposes of the Central Body or of a Distress Committee." 
 [See Article XXI.] 
 
 The Local Government Board may entertain or 
 refuse to enlertaia the proposal, and may, where they 
 entertain the proposal, make such modifications in the 
 scheme as in their opinion are necessary or expedient, 
 and may then confirm the scheme. 
 
 Article XXI. To every Distress Committee Distress 
 
 having the powers of a Central Body these Regulations, having 
 
 ,,,,,,., powers of 
 
 SO far as they relate to a Central Body, shall apply with central 
 
 the necessary adaptations, and in particular with the 
 adaptation following, that is to say : — 
 
 Article X. shall have effect as if references in 
 that Article to the Council of the Borough or 
 Urban District were substituted for references to 
 a Central Body. 
 
 Note.— Article XXI.— See Act, Section 2 (1). 
 
 Bodies.
 
 132 The Regulations {Organisation Jor Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Local Article XXII. Widi respect to any proceedings of 
 
 inquiries. ^^^^ Loc^>^ auvernment Board under or for the purposes 
 
 of the Act, subsections (1) and (5) of Section 87 of the 
 
 Local Grovernment Act 1888, shall apply with the 
 
 following modification, that is to say : — 
 
 Subsection (5) shall have effect as if the 
 
 Councils and other authorities therein mentioned 
 
 included any Body having powers under the Act, 
 
 and as if all costs payable by any such Body under 
 
 the subsection as applied were thereby authorised 
 
 to be defrayed as establishment charges under the 
 
 Act. 
 
 NOTK.— Article XXII.— 
 
 For the provisions incorporated in this Kegulation see 
 " Enactments incorporated in the Regulations" following the 
 Schedule to the Regulations. 
 
 Short title. Article XXIII. These Regulations may be cited 
 
 as " The Regulations (Organisation for Unemployed), 
 1906." 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 
 
 It is enacted by Section 4 (2) of the "Unemployed 
 Workmen Act, 1905," : — "An Order of the Local Government 
 Board under this Act may be varied and revoked by any 
 subsequent Order of the Board made under this Act." 
 
 In connection with the Regulations contained in the 
 preceding pages, the Local Government Board state that : — 
 "It will probably be desirable hereafter to supplement the 
 Regulations by some further requirements as to returns to be 
 made to the Board, but they have not thought it expedient to 
 deal fully with this subject at the present time." [L.G.B.C.L's. 
 10th October, 1905.]
 
 The Regulatioui! {0 rganisation for Unemployed) 1005. 133 
 
 S C H E DU L E . 
 
 Record Papek. 
 
 Name of Central Body. § 
 
 Name of Distress Committee. 
 
 No. of Application . No. in Register_ 
 
 § Insert — 
 except where 
 the Distress 
 ( 'ommittee have 
 the powers of a 
 Central Body. 
 
 1. Name of Applicant : — 
 
 Suinaiiie . . . . 
 
 Cliribtian Names 
 
 2. Present Address in full, and Duration 
 
 of Residence thereat 
 
 3. Preceding Address or Addresses in full, 
 
 and Duration of Residence thereat 
 
 4. Age .... - 
 
 5. Trade. Calling, Employment, or Occu- 
 
 pation . - . - - 
 
 6. *Condition (Married or Single, Widow 
 
 or Widower) . . . - 
 
 7. Children or other Dependants : — 
 
 ^ Number, Ages, and Sex 
 Children J *Trade, Calling, Employ- 
 
 (. ment or Occupation (if any) 
 Other Dependants 
 
 8. *Actual Rent and Number of Rooms in 
 
 Applicant's tenancy 
 No. of Rooms sul)-let (if any) - 
 Deduct Rent for Rooms sub-let 
 Arrears of Rent - - . - 
 
 *If any infor- 
 mation under 
 rhis head is 
 contained in an 
 oripinalletteror 
 other document, 
 or in a C"py 
 attaclied to i>r 
 inserted in the 
 Api endix, give 
 reference to the 
 Appendix.
 
 tHere dist.ing- 
 tiish whether 
 Apphcant has 
 been employed 
 regularly, or, 
 if not, at what 
 time of the year 
 he has been 
 employed. 
 
 134 The Regulations {Organisation Jor UnemiJloyed) 1905. 
 
 Schedule. 
 
 9. tNature and Duration of Applicant's 
 
 last Employment - - - 
 
 Full Name and Address of Employer - 
 Name of Foreman 
 
 *If any infor- 
 mation under 
 this head is 
 is contained in 
 an original 
 letter or other 
 document, or in 
 a copy attached 
 to or inserted in 
 the Appendix, 
 sive reference 
 to the Appendix. 
 
 10. Date and cause of Termination of 
 
 Applicant's last Employment - 
 
 11. *Rate of Wages and average Weekly 
 
 Earnings received by Applicant in last 
 Employment . . . . 
 
 12. tParticulars of other Employment of 
 
 Applicant during last Five Years 
 
 Full Names and Addresses of Em- 
 ployers .... 
 
 Names of Foremen 
 
 13. * Present Income of Applicant and 
 
 Dependants : — 
 
 Earnings of Applicant 
 Earnings of Wife 
 Earnings of Childifin 
 Earnings of Other Dependants 
 Receipts from — 
 
 Club or Society ... 
 Charitable Sources- 
 Other Sources 
 
 14. *Relief:— 
 
 If no Relief has been received by Appli- 
 cant or any of his Dependants 
 
 If Relief has been received by Appli- 
 cant or any of his Dependants 
 
 Date of last Receipt 
 
 From what Poor Law Union 
 
 15. *Particulars of Membership, past or 
 
 present, of Trade or other Provident 
 Society ----- 
 
 16. *Applicant's Prospect of obtaining Reg- 
 
 ular Work or other means of Support- 
 ing himself ....
 
 The Reguhdioiis {Orydnisation for Vnemjiloijcd) 1D05. 135 
 
 Schedule. 
 17. Applicant's Fitness — 
 
 For Work on Land in Rural Area - 
 
 For Change of Occupation - - 
 
 Particulars of previous Experience (if any) 
 
 liS. References to res])onsible Persons — 
 
 Full Names and Addresses - - 
 ♦Application received by __^ Date 
 
 II. 
 
 19. *Re}iort (with date) on Visit and In- 
 quiries at Applicant's Home by author- 
 ised Oflicer, Member or other Person - . 
 
 20 *Report (with date) on Case by author- 
 ised Officer, Mem])er, or other Person- 
 
 21. * Reports ftrom References (if any) - 
 
 22. Previous Record (if any) of Applicant : — 
 
 In Record Paper retained by Distress 
 
 Committee - - - - 
 
 In Record Paper retained by Central 
 
 Body 
 
 In Register .... 
 
 Elsewhere . . . - 
 
 23. Decision or Action on Case (with date)- 
 
 24. Record of After History of Case- - . 
 
 ♦Statements of Applicant, verified by Date 
 
 III. 
 
 Appendix. ft 
 
 ttHere insert a copy of every letter or other document relatin 
 to the case, or attach the original.
 
 136 The Rrgnldtions {Organisatlo^i for Unemployed) 1905. 
 
 Given under the Seal of Office of the Local 
 Government Board, this Tenth day of 
 October, in the year One thousand nine 
 hundred and five. 
 
 G. W. BALFOUR, 
 
 President. 
 
 S. B. Provis, 
 
 Secretary.
 
 ENACTMENTS INCORPORATED IN 
 
 "THE REGULATIONS (ORGANISATION FOR 
 
 UNEMPLOYED), 1905." 
 
 AcQUisiTiox OP Land. — Article X. of the Regulations. 
 
 The expression " Lands Clauses Acts," in Article X. 
 of the Reofulations, means : " The Land Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1845 ; The Land Clauses Consolidation 
 Acts Amendment Act, 1860; The Land Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1869, and The Land Clauses (Umpire) 
 Act, 1883, and any Acts for the time being in force 
 amending the same." [Interpretation Act, 1889, 52 
 and 53 Vict., c. 63— Sect. 23.] Since 1889 there has 
 been only one amending Act passed, namely. The Land 
 Clauses (Taxation of Costs) Act, 1895 (58 & 59 Vict., 
 _c. 11.) The 1845 Act was an Act passed "for consoli- 
 dating in one Act certain provisions usually inserted in 
 Acts authorising the taking of Lands for Undertakings 
 of a Public Nature." It is beyond the scope of the 
 •present work to set out at length the provisions of the 
 said Acts applying to acquisition of land for the pur-
 
 138 Enactments Incorporaled in ^^Regulations." 
 
 Acquisition of Land. 
 
 poses of the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905. For the 
 information of members of Distress Committees and 
 Central Bodies it may, however, be pointed out : — 
 
 (1) Land for the purposes of the Unemployed 
 Workmen Act, 1905, can only be acquired by 
 agreement, i.e., no powers are given to compel 
 owners to sell. 
 
 (2) The Sections 127 to 131, of the Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845 (8 Yict., c. 18) which 
 Article X. of the Regulations says shall not 
 apply to lands acquired for the purposes of 
 the Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905, contain 
 pi'ovisions for the sale of superfluous land. 
 Sections 150 & 151, also made inapplicable 
 by Article X., contain provisions for deposit, 
 inspection, <fec., of copies of Special Acts 
 obtained by public bodies and companies for 
 the acquisition of land, &c. 
 
 Audit. — Article XVI, of the Regulations. 
 
 The Statutary Provisions re Audit are hereunder 
 given — Local Government Act, 1888 (51 and 52 Vict. 
 c. 41).
 
 Enactments Incorporated in " Regulations.^' 139 
 
 Audit. 
 
 Section 71 — (1) The accounts of the receipts and Aufi'to* 
 
 ^ ■' r • Aocouiits of 
 
 expenditure of County Councils shall be made up to the Q°y^*[i 
 end of each local finalicial year, as defined by this Act, 
 and be in the form for the time beinj^ prescribed by the 
 Local Grovernment Board. 
 
 (2) [Relates to transmission of Abstract of 
 Accounts to Local Government Board, and to in- 
 spection of Abstract]. 
 
 (3) The Accounts of a County Council, and of the 
 County Treasurer and Officers of such Council, shall 
 be audited by the District Auditors appointed by the 
 Local Government Board, in like manner as Accounts 
 of an Urban Authority and their Officers, under Sec- 
 tions two-hundred-and-forty-seven and two-hundred- 
 and-fifty of the Public Health Act, 1875, and those 38 and 39 
 
 •' ' _ ' Vict, c, 65. 
 
 Sections and all enactments amending them or 
 applying to Audit by District Auditors, including the 
 enactments imposing penalties and providing for the 
 recovery of sums, shall apply in like manner as if, so 
 far as they relate to an Audit of the Accounts of an 
 Urban Authority and the Officers of such Authority, 
 they were herein re-enacted with the necessary modifi- 
 cations, and accordingly all ratepayers and owners of 
 property in the county shall have the like rights, and 
 there shall be the same appeal as in the case of such 
 Audit. Provided that the First Schedule to the 
 District Auditors Act, 1879, sliall be modified in vl&t"c. 6. 
 manner described in the Second Schedule to this Act.
 
 140 Ennctments Incorporated in " Regulations.''^ 
 
 Audit. 
 
 Public Health Act. (38 and 39 Vict. c. 55). 
 
 [Incorporated by Section 71 (3) of the Local 
 
 Government Act, 1888]. 
 
 Section 247. Where an Urban Authority are not 
 the Council of a Borough, the following Regulations 
 with respect to audit shall be observed ; (namely,) 
 
 (1) The accounts of the receipts and expenditure 
 under this Act of such authority shall be 
 audited and examined once in every year, as 
 soon as can be after the twenty-fifth day of 
 March, by the auditor of accounts relating to 
 the relief of the poor: 
 
 (2) [Repealed by " District Auditor's Act, 1879"], 
 
 (3) Before each audit such authority shall, after 
 receiving from the auditor the requisite 
 appointment, give at least fourteen days' 
 notice of the time and place at which same 
 will be made, and of the deposit of accounts 
 required by this section, by advertisement in 
 some one or more of the local newspapers 
 circulated in the district ; and the production 
 of the newspaper containing such notice shall 
 be deemed to be sufficient proof of such notice 
 on any proceeding whatsoever :
 
 Audit. 
 
 Enactments Incorporated in " Regulations.'^ 141 
 
 (4) A copy of the accounts duly made up and 
 balanced, together with all rate books, 
 account books, deeds, contracts, accounts, 
 vouchers and receipts mentioned or referred 
 to in such accounts, shall be deposited in the 
 office of such authority, and be open, during 
 office hours thereat, to the inspection of all 
 persons intei-ested for seven clear days before 
 the audit, and all such persons shall be at 
 liberty to take copies of or extracts from the 
 same, without fee or reward : and any officer 
 of such authority duly appointed in that 
 behalf neglecting to make up such accounts 
 and books, or altering such accounts and 
 books, or allowing them to be altered when 
 so made up, or refusing to allow inspection 
 thereof, shall be liable to a penalty not 
 exceeding five pounds : 
 
 (5) For the purpose of any audit under this Act, 
 every auditor may, by summons in writing, 
 require the production before him of all 
 books, deeds, contracts, accounts, vouchers, 
 receipts and other documents and papers 
 which he may deem necessary, and may 
 require any person holding or accountable for 
 any such books, deeds, contracts, accounts, 
 vouchers, receipts, documents or papers to 
 appear before him at any such audit or any 
 adjournment thereof, and to make and sign a
 
 142 Enactments Tncor2wratcd in " Eegnlations." 
 
 Audit. 
 
 declaration as to the correctness of the same ; 
 and if any such person neg-lects or refuses so 
 to do, or to produce any such books, deeds^ 
 contracts, accounts, vouchei's, receipts, docu- 
 ments, or papers, or to make or sign such 
 declaration, he shall incur for every neglect 
 or refusal a penalty not exceeding forty 
 shillings ; and if he falsely or corruptly 
 makes or signs any such declaration, knowing 
 the same to be untrue in any material par- 
 ticular, he shall be liable to the penalties 
 inflicted upon persons guilty of wilful and 
 corrupt perjury : 
 
 (6) Any ratepayer or owner of property in the 
 district may be present at the audit, and may 
 make any objection to such accounts before 
 the auditor ; and such ratepayers and owners 
 shall have the same right of appeal against 
 allowances by an auditor as they have by law 
 against disallowances : 
 
 (7) Any auditor acting in pursuance of this 
 section shall disallow every item of account 
 contrary to law, and surcharge the same on 
 the person making or authorising the making 
 of the illegal payment, and shall charge 
 against any person accounting the amount of 
 any deficiency or loss incurred by the negli- 
 gence or misconduct of that person, or of any
 
 Audit. 
 
 Enactments Incojporated in " Regulations.'''' 143 
 
 sum which ought to have been but is not 
 brought into account by that person, and 
 shall in every such case certify the amount 
 due from such person, and on application by 
 any party aggrieved shall state in writing the 
 reasons for his decision in respect of such 
 disallowance or surcharge, and also of any 
 allowance which he may have made : 
 
 (8.) Any person aggrieved by disallowance made 
 may apply to the Court of Queen's Bench 
 for a writ of certiorari to remove the dis- 
 allowance into the said court, in the same 
 manner and subject to the same conditions as 
 are provided in the case of disallowances by 
 auditoi's under the laws for the time being: in 
 force with regard to the relief of the poor ; 
 and the said court shall have the same 
 powers with respect to allowances, disallow- 
 ances, and surcharges under this Act as it 
 has with respect to disallowances or allow- 
 ances by the said auditors ; or in lieu of such 
 application any person so aggrieved may 
 appeal to the Local Government Board, 
 which Board shall have the same poweis in 
 the case of the appeal as it possesses in the 
 case of appeals against allowances, disallow- 
 ances and sui'charges by the said poor law 
 auditors :
 
 144 Enactments Incorporated in " Regulations." 
 
 Audit, 
 
 (9) Every sum certified to be due from any 
 person by an auditor under this Act shall 
 be paid by such person to the treasurer of 
 such Authority within fourteen days after 
 the same has been so certified, unless there is 
 an appeal against the decision ; and if such 
 sum is not so paid, and there is no such 
 appeal, the auditor shall recover the samq 
 from the person against whom the same has 
 been certified to be due by the like process 
 and with the like powers as in the case of 
 su.ms certified on the audit of the poor rate 
 accounts, and shall be paid by such Authority 
 all such costs and expenses, including a 
 reasonable compensation for loss of time 
 incurred by him in such proceedings, as 
 are not recovered by him from such person: 
 
 (10) Within fourteen days after the completion 
 of the audit, the auditor shall report on the 
 accounts audited and examined, and shall 
 deliver such report to the Clerk of such 
 Authority, who shall cause the same to be 
 deposited in their office, and shall publish 
 an abstract of such accounts in some one or 
 more of the local newspapers circulated in 
 the district. 
 
 Where the provisions as to audit of any local Act 
 constituting a board of improvement commissioners are
 
 Enactments Incorj)oratedin " Regulations." 145 
 
 Audit. 
 repugnant to or inconsistent with those of this Act, the 
 audit of the accounts of such improvement com- 
 missioners shall be conducted in all respects in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of this Act. 
 
 Section 249. [Relates to taxation of bill of Solicitor 
 or Attorney.] 
 
 Section 250. The accounts under this Act of Auditor 
 
 to audit 
 
 officers or assistants of any local authority who are officer"'^^°* 
 required to receive moneys or goods on behalf of such 
 authority shall be audited by the auditors or auditor of 
 the accounts of such authority, with the same powers, 
 incidents and consequences as in the case of such last- 
 mentioned accounts. 
 
 Recovery of Contributions. — Article XVII. of the 
 Regulations. 
 
 The statutory provisions mentioned in the Article 
 are as hereunder given. " Public Health Act, 1875," 
 (38 and 39 Vict., c. 55.) 
 
 Section 284. For the purpose of obtaining payment J'o;^™u"'^ ""^ 
 from component districts of the sums to be contributed jofnt'soard 
 by them, the joint board shall issue their precept to the 
 local authority of each component district, stating the 
 sum to be contributed by such authority, and requiring
 
 146 Enactments I ncorp ratedin ^^ Regulations." 
 
 Recovery of Contributions. 
 
 such authority, within a time limited by the precept, to 
 pay the sums therein mentioned to the joint board, or 
 to such person as the joint board may direct. 
 
 Any sum mentioned in a precept addressed by a 
 joint board to a local authority as aforesaid shall be a 
 debt due from that authority, and may be recovered 
 accordingly, such, contribution in the case of a I'ural 
 authority being deemed to be general expenses. 
 
 If any local authority makes default in complying 
 with the precept addressed to it, the joint board may, 
 instead of instituting proceedings for the recovery of a 
 debt, or in addition to such proceedings as to any part 
 of a debt which may for the time being be unpaid, 
 proceed in a summary manner as in this Act mentioned 
 to raise within the district of the defaulting authority 
 such sum as may be sufficient to pay the sum due. 
 
 For the purpose of obtaining payment from con- 
 tributory places of the sums to be contributed by them, 
 the joint board shall have the same powers of issuing 
 precepts and of recovering the amounts named therein 
 as if such contributory places formed a rural district, 
 and the joint beard were the authority thereof. 
 
 Section 292. Where any port sanitary authority, 
 joint board, or other authority are authorised, in pur- 
 suance of this Act, to proceed in a summary manner to 
 raise within the district of a defaulting authority such 
 sum as may be sufficient to pay any debt due to them,
 
 Enactments Incorporated in " Ecgtdatlons." 147 
 
 Becovory of Contributions. 
 
 tlie authority so authorised for the purpose of raising 
 such sum shall, within the district of the defaulting 
 authority, have, so far as relates to the raising such 
 sam, the same powers as if they were the defaulting 
 authority, and as if such sum were expenses properly 
 incurred by the defaulting authority within the district 
 of such authority. 
 
 Where the defaulting authority have power to raise 
 any moneys due for their expenses by levy of a rate 
 from individual ratepayers, the authority so authorised 
 as afoi'esaid shall have power to levy such a rate by 
 any officer appointed by them, and the officer so 
 appointed shall have the same powers, and the rate 
 shall be levied in the same manner and be subject to 
 the same incidents in all respects as if it were being 
 levied by the officer of the defaulting authority for the 
 payment of the expenses of that authority ; and where 
 the defaulting authority have power to 7'aise moneys 
 due for their expenses by issuing precepts, or otherwise 
 requiring payments from any other authorities, the 
 authority so authorised as aforesaid shall have the same 
 power as the defaulting authority would have of issuing 
 precepts, or otherwise requiring payment from such 
 other authorities. 
 
 Any precepts issued by the authority so authorised 
 as aforesaid for raising the sum due to them may be 
 enforced in the same manner in all respects as if they 
 had been issued by the defaulting authority.
 
 148 Enactments Inco?-porated in " liegulatlons.'' 
 
 Recovery of ContributioDS. 
 
 The authority so authorised as aforesaid may, in 
 making an estimate of the sum to be raised for the 
 purpose of paying the debt due to them, add such sums 
 as they think sufficient, not exceeding ten per cent, on 
 debt due, and ma^y defray thereout all costs, charges 
 and expenses (including compensation to any persons 
 they may employ) to be incurred by such authority by 
 reason of the default of the defaulting authority ; and 
 the authority so authorised as aforesaid shall apply 
 all moneys raised by them in payment of the debt due 
 to them, and such costs, charges, and expenses as 
 aforesaid, and shall render the balance, if any, re- 
 maining in their hands after such application to the 
 defaulting authority. 
 
 Borrowing Powers. — Article XVIII. of the Regulations. 
 
 The statutory provisions mentioned in Article 
 XVIII. are as follows. " Public Health Act, 1875 
 (38 and 39 Vict., c. 55). 
 
 Section 233. Any local authority may with the sanc- 
 tion of the Local Government Board for the purpose of 
 defraying any costs, charges, and expenses incurred 
 or to be incurred by them in the execution of the 
 Sanitary Acts or of this Act, or for the purpose of 
 discharging any loans contracted under the Sanitai'y 
 Acts or this Act, bori-ow or re-borrow, and take up at 
 interest, any sums of money necessaiy for defraying 
 any such costs, charges, and expenses, or for dis- 
 charging any such loans as aforesaid.
 
 Enactments Incorporated iii " Bcgulations." 149 
 
 Jiorrowing Powers. 
 
 An Urban Authority may borrow or re-borrow any 
 such, sums on the credit of any fund or all or any rates 
 or I'ate out of which they are authorised to defray 
 expenses incurred by them in the execution of this 
 Act, and for the purpose of securing the repayment of 
 any sums so borrowed, with interest thereon, they may 
 mortgage to the persons by or on behalf of whom such 
 Bums are advanced any such fund or rates or rate. 
 
 A Rural Authority may borrow or re-borrow any 
 such sams, if applied or intended to be applied to 
 general expenses of such authority, on the credit of the 
 common fund out of which such expenses are payable, 
 and if applied or intended to be applied to special 
 expenses of such authority on the credit of any rate or 
 rates out of which such expenses are payable, and for 
 the purpose of securing the repayment of any sums so 
 borrowed, with interest thereon, they may mortgage to 
 the persons by or on behalf of whom such sums are 
 advanced any such fund, rate or rates. 
 
 Section 234. The exercise of the powers of borrow- Ropuia- 
 
 tioiiB as to 
 
 ine: confeiTcd bv this Act, shall be subiect to the exercise of 
 
 , , borrowing 
 
 following regulations ; (namely,) powers. 
 
 (1) Money shall not be borrowed except for per- 
 manent works (including under this expres- 
 sion any works of which the costs ought in 
 the opinion of the Local Government Board 
 to be spread over a term of years) :
 
 150 Enactments Incoi'porated in " Eegulations." 
 
 Borrowing Powers. 
 
 (2) The sum borrowed shall not at any time 
 exceed, with the balances of all the out- 
 standing loans contracted by the local author- 
 ity under the Sanitary Acts and this Act, in 
 the whole the assessable value for two 3'ears 
 of the premises assessable within the district 
 in respect of which such money may be 
 borrowed : 
 
 (3) Where the sura proposed to be borrowed with 
 such balances (if any) would exceed the 
 assessable value for one year of such premises, 
 the Local Government Board shall not give 
 their sanction to such loan until one of their 
 inspectors has held a local inquiry and 
 reported to the said board : 
 
 (4) The money may be borrowed for such time, 
 not exceeding sixty years, as the local author- 
 ity, with the sanction of the Local Govern- 
 ment Board, determine in each case ; and, 
 subject as aforesaid, the local authority shall 
 either pay off the moneys so borrowed by 
 equal annual instalments of principal or of 
 principal and interest, or they shall in every 
 year set apart as a sinking fund, and accumu- 
 late in the way of compound interest by 
 investing the same in the purchase of Ex-
 
 Enactments Incorporated in " Regulations.'^ 151 
 
 Borrowing Powers. 
 
 chequer bills or other Governnient securities, 
 such sum as will with accumulations in the 
 way of compound interest be sufficient, after 
 payment of all expenses, to pay off the 
 moneys so boii^owed -within the period sanc- 
 tioned : 
 
 (5) A local authority may at any time apply the 
 whole or any part of a sinking fund set apart 
 under this Act in or towards the discharge 
 of the moneys for the repayment of which 
 the fund has been established : Provided 
 that they pay into the fund in each year and 
 accumulate until the whole of the moneys 
 borrowed are discharged, a sum equivalent to 
 the interest which would have been produced 
 by the sinking fund or the part of the sinking 
 fund so applied : 
 
 (6) Where money is borrowed for the purpose of 
 discharging a previous loan, the time for 
 repayment of the money so borrowed shall 
 not extend beyond the unexpired portion of 
 the period for whicli the original loan was 
 sanctioned, unless with the sanction of the 
 Local GovernmeTit Board, and shall in no 
 case be extended beyond the period of sixty 
 ji-ears from the date of the original loan.
 
 152 Enactments Incorporated in " Beijulations." 
 
 Borrowing Powers. 
 
 Where any urban authority borrow any money for 
 the purpose of defraying private improvement expenses, 
 or expenses in respect of which they have determined a 
 part only of the district to be liable, it shall be the 
 duty of such authority, as between the ratepayers of 
 the district, to make good, so far as they can, the 
 money so borrowed, as occasion requires, either out of 
 private improvement rates, or out of a rate levied in 
 such part of the district as aforesaid. 
 
 Section 236. [Deals with Form of Mortgage.] 
 
 Section 237. [Register of Mortgages to be kept, 
 and to be open to public inspection during office 
 hours, without fee or reward.] 
 
 Section 238. [Deals with Transfer of Mortgages.] 
 
 Section 239. [Contains provision for appointment 
 of Receiver on non-payment of principal money or 
 interest on Mortgage of Rates.] 
 
 Local Inquiries. — Article XXII. of the Regulations. 
 
 The statutory provisions mentioned in the Article 
 are as follows. " Local Government Act, 1S88 " (51 
 and 52 Vict., c. 41).
 
 Enactments Incorporated in *' Regulatioiu." 153 
 
 Local Inquiries. 
 
 Section 87. (1) Where the Local Government Application 
 
 of provi- 
 
 Board are authorized by this Act to make an inquiry, |s°and 39 
 
 Vict., c 55, 
 
 to determine any difference, to make or confirm any astoi9cal 
 
 '' ' " inquiries 
 
 ordex', to frame any scheme, or to give any consent, provisional 
 
 orders. 
 
 .sanction, or approval to any matter, or otherwise to act 
 under this Act, they may cause to be made a local 
 inquiry, and in tliat case, and also in a case where they 
 are required by this Act to cause to be made a local 
 inquiry, sections two-hundred-and-ninety-three to two- 
 hundred-and-ninety-six, both inclusive, of "The Public 
 Health Act, 1875," shall apply as if they were herein 
 re-enacted, and in terms made applicable to this Act. 
 
 Section 87. (5) Where the board cause any local 
 inquiry to be held under this Act, the costs incurred in 
 relation to such inquiry, including the salary of any 
 inspector or officer of the Board engaged in such 
 inquiry, not exceeding three guineas a day, shall be 
 paid by the councils and other authorities concerned in 
 such inquiry, or by such of them and in such propor- 
 tions as the Board inay direct, and the Board may certify 
 the amount of the costs incurred, and any sum so 
 certified and directed by the Board to be paid by any 
 council or authority shall be a debt to the Crown from 
 such council or authority.
 
 154 
 
 EiKictinents Incorporated in " Regulations." 
 
 Sections 293 to 296 of the Public Health Act, 137o, 
 
 (38 and 39 Vict. c. 55). 
 
 [Incorporated in Section 87 (1) of the Local Government 
 
 Board Act, 1888 (above given).] 
 
 Section 293. The Local Grovernraent Board may 
 from time to time cause to be made such inquiries as 
 are directed by this Act, and such inquiries as they see 
 fit in relation to any matters concerning the public 
 
 health in any place, or any matters with respect to 
 which their sanction, approval, or consent is required 
 by this Act. 
 
 Section 294. The Local Government Board may 
 make orders as to the costs of inquiries or proceedings 
 instituted by, or of appeals to, the said Board under 
 under this Act, and as to the parties by whom or the 
 rates out of which such costs shall be borne ; and every 
 such order may be made a rule of one of the superior 
 courts of law on the application of any person named 
 
 therein. 
 
 Section 295. All orders made by the Local Govern- 
 ment Board in pui\suance of this Act shall be binding 
 and conclusive in respect of the matters to which they 
 refer, and shall be published in such manner as that 
 Board may direct.
 
 Enactments Incorporated in " Regiilations." 155 
 
 Local Inquiries. 
 
 Section 296. Inspectors of the Local Government Powers of 
 
 ' Inspectors 
 
 Board shall, for the purposes of any inquiry directed by Govern- 
 ment Board, 
 
 the Board, have in relation to witnesses and their 
 examination, the production of papers and accounts, 
 and the inspection of places and matters required to 
 be inspected, similar powers to those which Poor Law 
 Inspectoi'S have under the Acts relating to the relief of 
 the poor for the purposes of those Acts. 
 
 Note. — Poor Law Inspectors have powers to summon any 
 persons before them, and to examine witnesses on oath ; to 
 call for the production of contracts, agreements, accounts, etc. 
 To disobey <an Inspector is a misdemeanour ; to give false 
 evidence is perjury. [Poor Law Board Act, 1847 (10 and 11 
 Vict., c. 109, S. 21).]
 
 LABOUR EXCHANGES AND THEIR 
 CO-ORDINATION. 
 
 LABOUR BUREAUX (LONDON) ACT, 1902. 
 (2 Edw. VII., Ch. 13.) 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 An Act to authorise the establishment of Labour 
 Bureaux throughout the Metropolis. [22nd. 
 
 July, 1902.] 
 
 "DE it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords 
 Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present 
 Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the 
 same, as follows : — 
 
 1. It shall be lawful for the council of any metro- 
 politan borough to establish and maintain a labour 
 bureau. 
 
 2. Any expenses incurred by a borough council in 
 or incidental to the exercise of the powers conferred by 
 this Act shall be paid out of the general rate.
 
 Labour Exchanges and their Co-ordination. 157 
 
 3. In this Act the term " labour bureau " shall 
 mean an office or place used for the purpose of supplying 
 information either by the keeping of registers or 
 otherwise respecting employers who desire to engage 
 workpeople and workpeople who seek engagement or 
 employment. 
 
 5. This Act may be cited as the Labour Bureau 
 (London) Act, 1902. 
 
 Note. — The Metropolitan Boroughs, where a Labour 
 Bureau has been established under the provisions of the above 
 Act, are : — Battersea, Chelsea, Finsbury, Fulham, Hammer- 
 smith, Hampstead, Islington, Kensington, Poplar, St. Pancras, 
 South wark. Stepney, Westminster. 
 
 The "Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905" (5 Edw. 7, 
 c. 18) is the first general Statute to make provision for the 
 establishment of Labour Exchanges. It is a fact, however, 
 that outside London, during recent years "Labour Bureaux 
 have in some Boroughs been established by the Borough 
 Council, and there are others wliich have been set up by other 
 bodies," [L. G.B.C.L. with Kegulations to Councils of populous 
 Boroughs and Urban Districts in the provinces (lOtli October, 
 1905)].
 
 EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES AND 
 THEIR CO-ORDINATION. 
 
 Extract from " Prelimiuarj Statement (as on the 
 I4th of April, 1905) prepared at the request of the 
 President of the Local Government Board by the Cen- 
 tral Executive Committee " of the " Organisation known 
 as the London Unemployed Fund," which had its origin 
 in a scheme pi'oposed at confei'ence of Metropolitan 
 Guardians by the Right Hon. W. H. Long, M.P., then 
 President of the Local Government Board, on October 
 14th, 1904. 
 
 " The co-ordination of the existing Bureaux, througfh 
 the medium of a Central Employment Exchange, was 
 felt to be the most hopeful step for achieving this aim. 
 Accordingly, as far back as December 22nd, the forma- 
 tion of such an Exchange was recommended, and the 
 step having been approved by the Executive Committee, 
 a Conference bringing the proposal to the notice of 
 those likely to be interested and to elicit suggestions, 
 was held on January 26th. To this Conference the 
 Chairmen of the Committees of Management of the 
 existing Exchanges and their Superintendents were 
 invited, and as the sequel to a well-attended meeting a 
 Consultative Committee of those actually engaged in 
 the working of the Exchanges was appointed to meet 
 and confer with the Classification Committee — an 
 experiment that has been entirely successful.
 
 Employment Exchanges and their Co-ordination. 159 
 
 " In order to aid in the formation of local Exchanges 
 in the future, and with a view to providing a uniform 
 standard of work among them, a set of model rules and 
 application forms has been adopted, and many other 
 points of administration have been discussed and 
 decided upon. So far, however, the most important 
 step taken has been to inaugurate the working of 
 the new Central Exchange, the offices for which 
 were taken in March in Victoria Street, Westminster. 
 Mr. H. W. Fordham, lately in charge of the Fulham 
 Employment Exchange, has been appointed Superin- 
 tendent, and a systematic plan of co-operation is being 
 rapidly developed. It is too early to report as to results, 
 but at the present time the Central Exchange is being 
 used by seven {since considerably increased) of the Local 
 Exchanges. For these and for all that use it in the 
 future, the Central Exchange will thus provide a ready 
 means of inter-communication, and through it, when- 
 ever applicants cannot be provided with employment, 
 oi' places cannot be filled locally, the attempt can be 
 made by working over a larger area, to adjust the 
 balance. 
 
 " The Central Exchange is the inception of what 
 may become not only one of the more permanent 
 outcomes of the work of the winter, but one of the 
 greatest utility. Its functions will be to increase the 
 fluidity of labour; to provide a new instrument by 
 which wage-earners may be enabled to find the billets
 
 160 JEmployment Exchanges and their Co-ordination. 
 
 that they need and employers the men they want, while, 
 incidentally, it will increase knowledge of the prevailing 
 conditions of employment, 
 
 " The Exchange is intended, to quote from the 
 model Application Form, to ' aid applicants in their 
 search for work, and not to take the place of their own 
 efforts.' It will thus, in every respect, work through 
 ordinary channels, and its institutition is another 
 recognition of the supreme importance of maintaining 
 and strengthening the normal courses of industry."
 
 MODEL RULES AND FORMS. 
 
 The Model Rules and Forms adopted as stated iu 
 the foregoing extract are as herein given : — 
 
 EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE. 
 
 (Affiliated to the Central Employment Exchange.) 
 
 Rules Suggested by the Central Committee. 
 
 1. The Excliange will be opened for men daily from 
 
 , and for women from , 
 
 except Saturdays. The Exchange will be closed 
 on Good Friday, Christmas Day, Bank Holidays, 
 and on any occasion the may see 
 
 fit to notify. 
 
 2. Only persons resident in the Borough of 
 
 at the time of application can be registered for 
 employment ; but this restriction as to residence 
 does not apply to employers of labour. 
 
 3. Every applicant for registration shall either fill up 
 
 correctly a printed form, obtainable on personal 
 application to the superintendent, or answer 
 such questions as shall be put by the superinten- 
 dent, for the purpose of enabling him to enter the 
 necessary particulars in the register.
 
 162 Model Rules and Forms. 
 
 4. The Superintendent will recommend applicants for 
 
 employment according to suitability, but em- 
 ployers may select from the registered applicants 
 any one whom they consider suitable. 
 
 5. Only those out of employment, or under notice of 
 
 discharge, will be registered. 
 
 6. The name of every applicant will be removed from 
 
 the register after one month, exclusive of Sun- 
 days and public holidays, unless the applicant, on 
 or before the end of the month, gives notice that 
 he or she is still out of employment, such notice 
 to be repeated not less often than on every suc- 
 ceeding month that the applicant remains out of 
 employment. 
 
 7. Applicants must notify the Superintendents when 
 
 they obtain employment through the Exchange.
 
 Model Rules and Forms. 
 
 163 
 
 Form of Application. 
 
 ^ilcfropolitajt ^5oi-oiig^ of 
 
 Municipal Employment Exchange. 
 
 (AfSliated with the Central Employment Exchange). 
 
 Address 
 
 Office Hours 
 
 No. 
 
 Date 
 
 Name 
 
 Addi-ess 
 
 Married or Single. 
 
 What family. 
 
 How long resident in 
 the Borough. 
 
 Exact description of employment 
 required. 
 
 Other work for which qualified. 
 
 Name and Address of last Employer and description of work. 
 
 Name and Address of longest Employer and description of work. 
 
 What Sick Benefit, Trade, oi other Society are you a member of ? 
 
 Any remarks. 
 
 For the sake of other applicants please inform the Superintendent immediately 
 yoa obtain work, whether temporary or permanent. 
 
 N.B.— Employment cannot be guaranteed. This exchanere is intended to aid 
 applicants in their bearch for work, aud not to take the place of their own efforts. 
 
 NOTE.— Where offices of Distress Committee and Labour Exchanpo arc combined, 
 the foregoing Form may not be considered necessary seeing that application has to be 
 entered on " Reconl Paper," given in the Schedule of "The Regulations (Orgauisation 
 for Unemployed), 11X)5."
 
 164 Model Rules and For mi. 
 
 Card of Introduction of Unemployed Workmen to Employer. 
 
 ^Tctropoltfon ^oroug^ of 
 MUNICIPAL EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE. 
 
 TOWN HALL, HIGH STREET. 
 
 NO FEES. i90 
 
 To , 
 
 Be 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 In reply to your advertisement in the 
 
 of may I introduce bearer 
 
 i* 
 of who is seeking work in above position ■, 
 
 No fees whatever are charged for this introduction. 
 
 Yours 'faithfully, 
 OVEE] Superintendent. 
 
 [BACK OF CARD.] 
 
 Employers are informed that every endeavour will be made to 
 suit them at short notice with : — 
 
 Carmen, Chauffeurs, Mechanics, Handy-men, Porters, Messengers, 
 Caretakers, General Labourers, Travellers, Clerks, Shorthand 
 Writers and Typists, Shop Assistants, Waiters and Waitresses, 
 Domestic Servants, Girls, Boys, Youths, etc., etc. 
 
 NO FEES WHATEVER. 
 
 Office Hours.— 8-0 till 4-0. Telephone No. 
 
 Saturdays,— 8-0 till 12-0. Superintendent.
 
 Model Rules and Forms. 165 
 
 Post Card to Unemployed Applicant to call at Registry. 
 
 liTcfropoIifon "§3oroug:^ of 
 
 1VIUNICIPAL EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE. 
 
 Town Hall, High Street. 
 Telephone No. 
 
 190 
 
 With referen e to your application for employment. 
 
 it' you are still disengaged please call _ 
 
 next, at o'clock sharp. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 Post Card stating that Employment has been Obtained. 
 
 ^Tctropolitan "gSofougf) of 
 MUNICIPAL EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE, 
 
 TOWN HALL, HIGH STREET. 
 
 Telephone No. 
 
 REGISTRY AND EMPLOYMENT CARD. 
 
 Registered No. 
 
 Date of Removal _ _ „ 
 
 Sir, I have obtained employment with 
 
 This Card must be brought to the Registry at least every Seven 
 Days, if out of work. On obtaining eniployinent, whether permanent 
 or temporary, senil this Card immediately to the Registry. 
 
 [On Address Side — Postal Address of Superintendent of Exchange 
 is printed. ]
 
 166 
 
 Model Rules and Forms. 
 
 
 
 
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 Model Rules and Forms. 
 
 167 
 
 FORM OF DAILY RETURN. 
 
 Feom Superintendent of Borough Labour Exchange 
 TO Superintendent of Central Exchange. 
 
 The Centra! Employment Exchange^ 
 
 34, Yictoria Street, Westminster, S.W. 
 
 Report from the Borough 
 
 of Date 
 
 The following have registered as Unemployed this day. 
 
 Signed 
 
 [Here follows printed list of 
 Trades and Callings. ]
 
 168 
 
 Model Rules and Forms. 
 
 Form op Weekly. Return made by Borough Exchange. 
 
 "^^Icfropolifan ^oroug^ of 
 
 MUNICIPAL EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE. 
 
 During the Week ended 1905. 
 
 Males. Females, 
 
 Fresh Applications 
 Kenewals , 
 
 Total. 
 
 Statement showing the Number of each Class of Workers Registered and 
 Engaged during the Week. 
 
 Divisions op Laboub os Registek 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 [Here follows Printed List of 
 Trades and Callings. ] 
 
 Reg. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Reg. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 Number of Persons who have secured Employment 
 during the week through this Agency 
 
 Number of Employers who have called or written 
 during the week in want of Employees 
 
 Males. Females, 
 
 Superintendent.
 
 Model Rules and For>ns. 169 
 
 rORMS OF MEMOS IN USE AT THE EXCHANGE. 
 
 190 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I can place the following : — 
 
 Please let the aj^plicants ap|)l_v to 
 
 Yours faithfullv, 
 
 190 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I am happy to state that in consequence of information 
 from The Central Employment Exchange I have been 
 able to ]ilace 
 
 Yours fiLitbl'ullv,
 
 THE OUT-DOOR RELIEF ORDERS. 
 
 The Regulations of the Poor Law Commissioners 
 (now the Local Government Boai^d) relating to Out- 
 door Relief are contained in two orders, viz. " The 
 Out-door Relief Prohibitory Order," and the " Out-door 
 Relief Regulation Order." The " Prohibitory " Order is 
 in operation in over three-fourths of the Unions. The 
 " Regulation " Order is in operation in the other Unions, 
 •which include the Unions of dense populations. Dis- 
 tress Committees should satisfy themselves as to which 
 Order is in operation in their areas respectively. 
 
 The question of who or who is not able-bodied is 
 one of fact, and not of age. At the time of the issue of 
 'the Orders, Out-Relief was a parish charge, now it is a 
 Union charge. 
 
 The two Orders are given hereunder: — 
 
 OUT-DOOR RELIEF PROHIBITORY ORDER. 
 
 Issued by the Poor Law Commissioners (now the 
 Local Government Board) 21st December, 1844. 
 
 Article I. Every able-bodied j;erson, male or 
 female, requiring relief from any Parish within any of 
 the said Unions, shall be relieved onlv in the Workhouf-e
 
 The Out-Door Ecllef Orders. l7l 
 
 Article I. 
 
 of the Union, together with such of the family of every 
 such able-bodied person as may be resident with him 
 or her, and may not be in employment, and together 
 with the wife of every such able-bodied male person, 
 if he be a married man, and if she be resident with 
 him ; save and except in the following cases ; — r 
 
 1st. Where such person shall require relief on 
 account of sudden and urgent necessity. 
 
 2nd. Where such person shall require relief on 
 account of any sickness, accident or bodily or 
 mental infirmity affecting such person, or 
 any of his or her family. 
 
 3rd. Where such person shall require relief for 
 the purpose of defraying the expenses, either 
 wholly or in part, of the burial of any of his 
 or her family. 
 
 4th. Where such person, being a widow shall be 
 in the first six months of her widowhood. 
 
 5th. Where such person shall be a widow, and 
 have a legitimate child or legitimate children 
 dependent upon her, and incapable of earning 
 his, her, or their livelihood, and have no 
 illegitimate child born after the commence- 
 ment of her widowhood, 
 
 6th. Where such person shall be confined in any 
 gaol or place of safe custody, subject always, 
 to the reofulation containe.l in Article 4.
 
 172 The Out-Door Relief Orders. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 7tli. Where such person shall be the wife, or 
 child, of any able-bodied man who shall be 
 in the service of His Majesty as a soldier, 
 sailor, or marine. 
 
 8th. Where any able-bodied person, not being a 
 soldier, sailor, or marine, shall not reside 
 within the Union, but the wife, child, or 
 children of such person shall reside within 
 the same, the Board of Guardians of the 
 Union, accoixling to their discretion, may, 
 subject to the regulation contained in Article 
 IV., afford relief in the Woi-khouse to such 
 wife, child, or children, or may allow out- 
 door relief for any such child or children 
 being within the age of nurture, and resident 
 with the mother within the Union. 
 
 Article II. In every case in which out-door relief 
 shall be given on account of sickness, accident, or 
 infirmity to any able-bodied male person resident 
 within any of the said Unions, or to any member of 
 the family of any able-bodied male person, an extract 
 from the Medical (Beer's Weekly Report (if any such 
 Officer shall have attended the case), stating the nature 
 of such sickness, accident, or infirmity, shall be 
 specially entered in the Minutes of the Proceedings of 
 the Board of Guardians of the da}^ on which the relief 
 is ordered or subsequently allowed.
 
 The Out- Door ReUef Orders. 173 
 
 Article II. 
 
 But if the Board of Guardians shall think fit, a 
 cei-tificate under the hand of a Medical Officer of the 
 Union, or of the Medical Practitioner in attendance on 
 the party, shall be laid before the Board, stating- the 
 nature of such sickness, accident, or infirmitj, and a 
 copy of the same shall be in like manner entered in 
 the Minutes. 
 
 Article III. No relief shall be given fi^om the 
 poor-rates of any parish comprised in any of the said 
 Unions to any person who does not reside in some place 
 within the Union, save and except in the following- 
 cases : — 
 
 1st. Where such person, being casually within 
 such paiush, shall become destitute. 
 
 2nd. Where such person shall require relief on 
 account of any sickness, accident, or bodily 
 or mental infirmity, affecting such, person, 
 or any of his or her family. 
 
 3rd. Where such pei-son shall be entitled to 
 receive relief from any parish in which he or 
 she may not be i^esident, under any order 
 which Justices may by law be authorized to 
 make. 
 
 4th. Where such person, being a widow, shall be 
 in the first six months of her widowhood. 
 
 5th. Where such person is a w^dow, who has a 
 legitimate child dependent on her for support, 
 and no illegitmate child born after the 
 commencement of her widowhood, and who
 
 174 The Old-Door Relief Orders. 
 
 Art. irr. 
 
 at the time of lier husband's death was 
 resident with him in some place other thau 
 the parish of her legal settlement, and not 
 situated in the Union in which such parish 
 may be comprised. 
 
 6th, Where such person shall be a child under 
 the age of sixteen, maintained in a Work- 
 house or Establishment for the education of 
 pauper children not situate Avithin the Union. 
 
 7th. Where such person shall be the wife or child 
 residing within the Union, of some person 
 not able-bodied, and not residing within the 
 Union. 
 
 8th. Where such person shall have been in the 
 receipt of relief from some parish in the 
 Union from which such person seeks relief, 
 at some time within the twelve calendar 
 months next preceding the date of that one 
 of the several Orders hereinbefore recited 
 which was applicable to that Union, being 
 settled in such parish, and not being resident 
 ■within the Union at the time of +.he allowance 
 of the relief. 
 
 Article IV. Where the husband of any Avoman is 
 beyond the seas, or in custody of the law, or in confine- 
 ment in a licensed house or asylum as a lunatic or idiot, 
 all relief which the Guardians shall give to his wife, or 
 her child or children, shall be given to such woman in 
 the same manner, and subject to the same conditions, 
 as if she were a widow.
 
 I'he Out-Door RelieJ- Orders. 175 
 
 Article V. It shall not be lawful for the Guardians, 
 or any of their Officers, or for the Overseer or Overseers 
 of any parish, in the Union to pay, wholly or in part, 
 the rent of tlie house or lodging of any pauper, or to 
 apply any portion of the I'elief ordered to be given to 
 any pauper in payment of any such rent, or to retain 
 any portion of such relief for the purpose of directly or 
 indirectly discharging such rent, in full or in part, for 
 any such pauper. 
 
 Provided always, that nothing in this Article 
 contained shall apply to any shelter or temporary 
 lodging, procured in any case of sudden and urgent 
 necessity, or mental imbecility, or shall be taken to 
 prevent the said Guardians, in regulating the amount 
 of relief to be afforded to any particular person, from 
 considering the exjDense to be incurred by such person 
 in providing lodging. 
 
 Article VI. Provided always, that in case the 
 Guardians of any of the said Unions depart in any 
 particular instance from any of the regulations herein- 
 before contained, and within fifteen days after such 
 departure I'cport the same, and the grounds thereof, 
 to the Poor Law Commissioners, and the Poor Law 
 Commissi(mers approve of such departure, then the 
 relief granted in such particular instance shall, if 
 otherwise lawful, not be deemed to be unlawful, or be 
 subject to be disallowed.
 
 176 The Out-Door Relief Orders. 
 
 Article VII. No relief which may be contrary to 
 any regulation in this Order shall be given by way of 
 loan ; and any relief which may be given to, or on 
 account of, any person above the age of twenty-one, or 
 to his wife, or any part of his or her family under the 
 age of sixteen, under Article I., or any of the exceptions 
 thereto, or under any of the exceptions to Ai'ticle III., 
 or under Article IV., or under the proviso in Article VI., 
 may, if the Guardians think tit, be given by way of 
 loan. 
 
 Article VIII. Whenever the word " Parisb " is 
 used in tbis Order, it shall be taken to include any 
 place separately, maintaining its own poor, whether 
 parochial or extra-parochial. 
 
 Article IX. Whenever the word " Union " is used 
 in this Order, it shall be taken to include not only an 
 Union of Parishes formed under the provisions of the 
 hereinbefore recited Act, but also any Union of Parishes 
 incorporated or united for the relief or maintenance of 
 the poor under any Local Act of Parliament. 
 
 Article X. Whenever the word " Guardians " is 
 used in this Order, it shall be taken to include not only 
 Guardians appointed or entitled to act under the 
 provisions of the said hereinbefore recited Act, but also 
 any Governors, Directors, Managers, or Acting Guard- 
 ians entitled to act in the ordering of relief to the poor 
 from the poor-rates under any Local Act of Parliament.
 
 The Out- Door Rplief Orders. 177 
 
 Article XI. Whenever in this Order any Article 
 is referred to by its number, the Article of this Order 
 bearing that number shall be taken to be signified 
 thereby. 
 
 OUT-DOOR RELIEF REGULATION ORDER 
 
 {Dated iUh Decemher, 1852). 
 
 Article I. Whenever the Guardians allow relief 
 to any able-bodied male person, out of the Workhouse, 
 one half at least of the relief so allowed shall be given 
 in articles of food or fuel, or in other articles of absolute 
 necessity. 
 
 Article II. In any case in which the Guardians 
 allow relief for a longer period than one week to an 
 indigent poor person, resident Avithin their Union or 
 Parish respectively, without requiring that such person 
 shall be received into the Workhouse, such relief shall 
 be given or administered weekly, or at such more 
 frequent periods as they may deem expedient. 
 
 Article III. It shall not be lawful for the Guard- 
 ians or their officers 
 
 To establish any applicant for relief in trade or 
 business; 
 
 Nor to redeem from pawn for any such applicant 
 any tools, implements, or other articles ; 
 
 Nor to purchase and give to such applicant any 
 tools, implements, or other articles, except 
 articles of clothing or bedding whex^e urgently 
 needed, and such articles as are hereinbefore 
 referred to in Ai^ticle I ;
 
 178 The Out-Door Reliej Orders. 
 
 Art. III. 
 
 Nor to pay, directly or indirectly, the expense o£ 
 the conveyance of any poor person, unless 
 conveyed under the provisions of some 
 Statute, or under an Order of Justices or 
 other lawful authority or in conformity with 
 some Order or Regulation of the Poor Law 
 Commissioners or the Poor Law Board, 
 except in the following cases ; viz. — 
 
 Article III. 1st. The case of a person conveyed 
 to or from a district school, or an hospital or 
 infirmary, or a lunatic asylum, or a house 
 licensed or hospital registered for the 
 reception of lunatics ; 
 
 2nd. The case of a person conveyed to the Work- 
 house of the Union or Parish in which such 
 person is at the time chargeable ; 
 
 3rd. The case of a person conveyed to or from 
 any other Workhouse or other house or 
 establishment for the reception of poor 
 persons, in which for the time being it shall 
 be lawful for the Guardians to place such 
 person ; 
 
 Nor to give money to or on account of any such 
 applicant for the purpose of affecting any 
 of the objects in this Article mentioned ; 
 
 Nor to pay, w^holly or in part, the rent of the 
 house or lodging of any pauper, nor to apply 
 any portion of the relief ordered to be given 
 to any pauper in payment of any such rent,
 
 The Out-Door Relief Orders. 179 
 
 Art. III. 
 
 nor to retain any portion of such relief for 
 the purpose of directly or indirectly dis- 
 charging such rent, in full or in part, for any 
 such pauper; 
 
 Provided always, that nothing in this Article 
 contained shall apply to any shelter or tem- 
 porary lodging procured for a poor person in 
 any case of sudden or urgent necessity or 
 mental imbecility. 
 
 Article IV. No relief shall be given from the 
 poor-rates of any of the said Parishes, or of any Parish 
 comprised in any of the said Unions, to any person 
 who does not reside in some place within such Parish 
 or Union respectively, save and except in the following 
 casefi : — 
 
 1st. The case of a person casu.ally within such 
 Parish, and destitute. 
 
 2nd. The case of a j)erson requiring relief on 
 account of any sickness, accident, or bodily 
 or mental infirmity, affecting him or her, or 
 any of his or her family. 
 
 3rd. The case of a widow\ having a legitimate 
 child dependent on her for support, and no 
 illegitimate child born after the commence- 
 ment of her widowhood, and who at the time 
 of her husband's death was resident with 
 him in some place other than the Parish of 
 her legal settlement, and not situated in the 
 Union in Avhich such Parish is comprised.
 
 180 The Out-Door Relief Orders. 
 
 Art. IV. 
 
 4th. The case of a child under the age of sixteen 
 maintained in a Workhouse or establishment 
 for the education of poor children not situate 
 within the Union or Parish. 
 
 5th. The case of the wife or child i-esiding within 
 such Parish or Union of some person not 
 residing therein. 
 
 6th. The case of a pei\son who has been in the 
 receipt of relief from such Parish, or from 
 some Parish in the Union from which he or 
 she seeks relief, at some time within the 
 twelve calendar months next preceding the 
 date of this Order. 
 
 Article Y. No relief shall be given to any able- 
 bodied male person while he is employed for wages or 
 other hire or remuneration by any person. 
 
 Article VI. Every able-bodied male person, if 
 relieved out of the Workliouse, shall be set to work by 
 the Guardians, and be kept employed under their 
 direction and superintendence so long as he continues 
 to receive relief. 
 
 Article VII. Provided that the regulations in 
 Articles V. and VI. shall not be imperative in the 
 following cases : — 
 
 1st. The case of a person receiving releif on 
 account of sudden and uigent necessity.
 
 The Out-Door Rdiej Orders. 181 
 
 Art. VII, 
 
 2n(i. The case of a person receiving relief on 
 
 account of any sickness, accident, or bodily 
 
 or mental infirmity, affecting such person or 
 
 any of his family. 
 3rd. The case of a person receiving relief for the 
 
 purpose of defraying the expenses of the 
 
 burial of any of his family. 
 4th. The case of the wife, child, or children of a 
 
 person confined in any gaol, or place of safe 
 
 custody. 
 5th. The case of the wife, child, or children, 
 
 resident within the Parish or Union of a 
 
 person not i-esiding therein. 
 
 Article VIII. The Guardians shall, within thirty 
 days after they shall have proceeded to act in execution 
 of Article VI., report to the Poor Law Board the place 
 or places at which able-bodied male paupers shall be 
 set to work, the sort or sorts of work in which they or 
 any of them shall be employed, the times and mode of 
 work, and the provision made for superintending them 
 while working, and shall forthwith discontinue or alter 
 the same, if the Poor Law Board shall so require. 
 
 Article IX. No i-elief which shall be contrary to 
 any regulation in this Order shall be given by way of 
 loan, but any relief Avhich may be given in conformity 
 with the provisions of this Order to or on account of 
 any person to whom relief may be lawfully given above 
 the age of twenty-one, or to his wife, or any part of his 
 or her family under the age of sixteen, may, if the 
 Guardians shall think fit, be given by way of loan.
 
 182 The Out-Door Relief Orders. 
 
 Article X. If the Guardians shall, upon consider- 
 ation of the special circumstances of any particular case, 
 deem it expedient to depart from any of the Regulations 
 hereinbefore contained (except those contained in 
 Article III.): ^^^^ within twenty-one days after such 
 departure shall report the same, and the grounds 
 thereof, to the Poor Law Board, the relief which may 
 have been so given in such case by such Guardians 
 before an answer to such report shall have been 
 returned by the said Board, shall not be deemed to be 
 contrary to the provisions of this Order, and if the Poor 
 Law Board shall approve of such departure, and shall 
 notify such approval to the Guardians, all relief given 
 in such case after such notification, so far as the same 
 shall be in accordance with the terms and conditions of 
 such approval, shall be lawful, anything in this Order 
 to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Article XL Whenever the word " Guardians " is 
 used in this Order it shall be taken to include not only 
 Guardians appointed or entitled to act, under the 
 provisions of the said hereinbefore recited Act, but also 
 any Governors, Directors, Managers, Acting Guardians, 
 Vestrymen, or other Officers in a Parish or Union, 
 appointed or entitled to act as Managers of the Poor, 
 and in the distribution or ordering of the relief of the 
 Poor from the poor-rate, under any general or local Act. 
 
 Article XII. Whenever the word "Parish" is used 
 in this Order, it shall be taken to include any place 
 separately maintaining its own Poor, whether parochial 
 or extra-parochial.
 
 The Old-Door Relief Orders. 18S 
 
 Article XIII. Whenever in describing any person 
 or party, matter, or thing, the word importing the 
 singular number only is used in this Order, the same 
 shall be taken to include, and shall be applied to several 
 persons or parties as well as one person or party, and 
 several matters or things as well as one matter or thing 
 respectively, unless there be something in the subject 
 or context repugnant to such construction. 
 
 Article XIV. Whenever in this Order any Article 
 is referred to by its number, the Article of this Order 
 bearing that number shall be taken to be signified 
 thereby.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 " D.C.," Bistress Coininittee. 
 "C.B.," Tentral Body." 
 "I/.G.B.," Local Government Board. 
 " U.W.A.," Uiiemplo.yed Workmen Act. 
 
 Absence of member of D.C. or C.B. 
 
 ,, workman, search of Avork 
 
 ,, ,, from home on work ... 
 
 Acquisition of Land (see " Land ") 
 Act, duration of 
 Agreement to deduct for family from wages 
 
 ,, witli Local Authority, contribution for w 
 
 ,, for working Labour Exchange 
 
 Alien 
 
 Applicant for work to attend before D.C. 
 
 ,, questions to 
 
 ,, class to which U.W.A. applies 
 
 ,, residential qualification of 
 
 ,, false statement by... 
 Application to D.C, when maj'^ be received 
 
 ,, reference of to C.B. 
 
 ,, conditions afiecting 
 Audit of Accounts 
 
 Bankruptcy, disqualification attaching to 
 
 Boards of Guardians (see " Guardians ") 
 
 Borough Council to appoint D.C. in London 
 
 ,, ,, ,, outside London 
 
 ,, contributions from 21, 26, 31, 126, 145 
 
 ,, to fill casual vacancy on D.C. in London ... 49 
 
 ,, ,, ,, ,, outside London 78 
 
 ,, may apply to have D.C 24 
 
 ,) D.C a Committee of ... ... ... 45,47, 76 
 
 ,, assistance by, to D.C. or C.B 130 
 
 Borrowing Powers 31, 126, 148 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 
 127, 
 
 128 
 61 
 94 
 
 
 .".'.' 94 
 
 , 96 
 97 
 99 
 
 103 
 
 
 .'.'. 19 
 
 , 95 
 
 
 19, 
 
 102 
 
 
 ... 30 
 
 , 94 
 
 '.'.'. 3] 
 
 , 125, 
 
 138 
 60 
 
 ...18, 
 
 42, 45 
 
 , 67 
 
 ...24, 
 
 73, 76 
 
 , 83
 
 Index. 
 
 185 
 
 Cancellation of record on false statement ... 
 Cases : 
 
 Conyl>eare v. London School Board 
 
 Ilardwicke v. Brown 
 
 Hope V. Lady (Sandhurst 
 
 Ipswicii Union v. West Hani LTnion ... 
 
 R. V. ]i.iighton, Directors of Poor of ... 
 
 Coohan 
 
 Leeds, Mayor, &c. of, 
 
 St. Marylebone 
 
 Salop, J.J. ... 
 
 Stai)leton 
 
 Tacolneston ... 
 
 Welshpool, Mayor, &c. of, 
 Richardson v. Methley School Board ... 
 Southan, in re, ez-parte Lamb ... 
 Wellington v. Whitechurch 
 Zouch V. Enipsey 
 
 Central Bodj', constitution of, in London ... ... 18, 51, 52 
 
 ,, ., oulside London ... 
 
 „ may establish Labour Exchange ... 
 
 ,, to ordinate action of D.Cs. ... 
 
 ,, references of cases to ... 
 
 ,, power of, re emigration 
 
 „ ,, migration 
 
 ,, ,, provision of work 
 
 ,, voluntary contributions to ... 
 
 ,, inspectors (L (i. B. ) at meetings of 
 
 ,, dissolution of ... 
 
 ,, a corporate body (London) ... 
 
 ,, term of oiiice of members of 
 
 ,, resignation ,, 
 
 ,, casual vacancy in 
 
 ,, notice of such vacancy 
 
 ,, disqualiti(;ation for meml)erslii[) of... 
 
 ,, declaration of vacancy by ... 
 
 ,, appointment of chairman of... 
 
 ,, meetings of ... ... ... ... ... 62 
 
 ,, may appoint committees 
 ,', ,, vice-chairman ... 
 
 ,, may make rules of procedure 
 
 ,, removal of difficulties as to establishment of, &c, 
 
 ,, may .send case back to IXC. 
 
 ,, cancellation of case record by 
 
 ,, to furnisii monthly report of cases migrated 
 
 ,, when may wilidiold contribution towards tem- 
 porary work 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 104 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 62 
 
 ,, 
 
 75 
 
 
 99 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 48 
 
 !, 55, 56 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 20 
 
 19, 
 
 102 
 
 20, 
 
 104 
 
 20, 
 
 105 
 
 20, 
 
 108 
 
 21, 
 
 124 
 
 30, 
 
 124 
 
 
 36 
 
 ". 51 
 
 , 53 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 59 
 
 '. 61 
 
 , 62 
 
 
 63 
 
 , 04 
 
 , 65 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 66 
 
 
 103 
 
 
 104 
 
 
 105 
 
 112
 
 186 Index. 
 
 PAGE 
 Central Body, to keep index of cases 114 
 
 „ to keep register of cases ... ... ... ... 1]6 
 
 ,, establishment of Farm Colony by ... ... 30, 117 
 
 ,, provision of tenii)orary accoimnothition f jr 
 
 workers by ."! 30, 120 
 
 ,, acqnisition of land by ... 30, 122 
 
 ,, appointment of oflicers by 30,123 
 
 ,, office accomodation for ... ... ... 30, 124 
 
 ,, audit of accounts of ... ... ... ... 31, 125 
 
 ,, borrowing of money by ... ... ... 32, 126. 14S 
 
 ,, may delegate to D.C. control of Liibonr 
 
 Exchange ... ... ... ... ... 12S 
 
 ,, niay distribute, »Src., information f(jr unemployed 128 
 
 ,, co-operation by and with ... ' ... 130 
 
 Central Fund 21,31 
 
 See also "Contributions" 
 Chairman, appointment of, by D.C. ... ... ... ... 63, 80 
 
 „ ,, C.B. 63 
 
 ,, term of office of ...63,80 
 
 ,, power of, to summon meeting ... ... ... ... 64, 80 
 
 Clerk to Borough Council (see "Town Clerk "). 
 
 Clerk to Distress Committee, notice of ajipointment of members 
 
 to be .sent to ... ... ... 50 
 
 ,, ,, to give notice of meeting to select 
 
 for C B 55, 58 
 
 ,, ,, to transmit names of selected for 
 
 C.B. to L.G. U 55 
 
 ,, ,, to notify selection of member to 
 
 clerk to C.B. 58 
 
 Clerk to Central Body to give notice of meeting for co-optation 
 
 on casual vacancy... ... ... ... ... ... ... 58 
 
 Clerk to the Guardians to notify selection of Guardians for 
 
 for D.C 46,50,76,78 
 
 Clerk to London County Council to give notice of meeting to 
 
 select for C.B 55, 58 
 
 ,, ,, to tran.smit names of selected 
 
 persons for C.B. ... 55, 58 
 
 Clerk to Urban District Council to give notice of 
 
 meeting to appoint D.C. ... ... ... 76 
 
 ,, ditto re casual vacancy ... ... ... ... 78 
 
 ,, to notify Clerk to D.C. of person to Mil 
 
 casual vacancy ... ... ... ... ... 79 
 
 Common Council — London (see under "Borongli Council"). 
 Common Seal ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53 
 
 Contributions, voluntary, use of ... ... ... ... 21.124 
 
 ,, " from Councils, use of ... ... ... ... 21 
 
 ,, apportionment of ... ... ... ... ... 31 
 
 ,, recoA'ery of Council's... ... ... ... 31, 126, 145 
 
 ,, towards provision of temporary work ... ... lOS
 
 PAGK 
 
 ..32, 
 
 130 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 130 
 
 '.'. 18 
 
 , -y2 
 
 .. 18 
 
 , 52 
 
 ,, 
 
 26 
 
 
 56 
 
 .. 51 
 
 , 03 
 
 
 18 
 
 31' 
 
 24 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 26 
 
 .. 60 
 
 , 62 
 
 
 96 
 
 109, 
 
 111 
 
 Index. 187 
 
 Co-operation between D.C's. and CB's 
 
 „ re Labour Exchantres, iKrc. 
 
 ,, re Scheme for approval of 1 J. Ct.B. ... 
 
 Co-opted members of C.B, 
 
 ,, proportion of for CB. 
 
 ,, members of Special Committees ... 
 
 ,, notice of meeting to co-opt for C.B. 
 
 Corporate Body, London C.B. a 
 
 County Administrative, Central Body for London 
 
 ,, Council of outside London may apply for 
 
 estal)lishment of organisation 
 ,, Special Committee for ... 
 
 County Borough of under 50,000 population 
 
 ,, appointment of Special Committee for 
 
 (See under Borough.) 
 Crime, disqualification 
 
 Dependants, meaning of term 
 
 ,, deduction for from workman's wages 
 
 Difficulties, removal of in respect of establislnnent of organ- 
 isation, &c 66 82, 
 
 Discrimination, by D.C 19, 97, 100 
 
 Disqualification, from membership of D.C. ... ... ... 59, 79 
 
 C.B 59 
 
 ,, by poor law relief ... ... ... ... 98 
 
 Distress Committee, constitution of, in London ... 18, 42, 44, 45, 67 
 ,, constitution of, outside London ... ... 24, 73, 83 
 
 ,, duties of 19, 102 
 
 ,, a committee of tlie council ... ... ... ... 47, 76 
 
 ,, term of office of memlterof... ... ... ... 48, 77 
 
 ,, resignation of memljer of ... ... ... ... 49 
 
 „ casuat vacancy on ... ... ... ... ... 49 
 
 ,, to select members to be on C.B. (London) 18, 55, 58 
 
 ,, notice of sucli vacancy ... ... ... ... 59 
 
 ,, disqualification for mend)ership of... ... ... 59, 79 
 
 ,, declaration of vacancy by ... ... ... ... 61, (52 
 
 ,, first meeting of ... ... ... ... ... 62, 79 
 
 ,, apiiointment of chairman of ... ... ... 63, 80 
 
 ,, appointment of vice-chairman of ... ... ... 65, 81 
 
 ,, meetings of ... ... ... ... ... ... 64, 80 
 
 ,, niay appoint snl)-committees ... ... ... 64, 88 
 
 ,, niay mai<e rides of i)rocedure ... ... ... 64, 81 
 
 ,, removal of ditliculties as to estabiisliment of, ike... 66, 82 
 
 ,, applications from unemployed to ... ... ... 94 
 
 ,, delegation of a](i)lications to sul) committee ... 94, 97 
 
 ,, <liscrimination liy ... ... ... ... ... IIIO 
 
 ,, to provide and keep lecord ])yi)ers ... ... 97, 114 
 
 ,, discriminotion into cases by ... ... 19, 97, 100
 
 188 
 
 Index. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Distress Committee, Avhat may do to assist applicant 102 
 
 to keep index of cases ... ... ... /.■. 114 
 
 ,, register of cases ... ... ... ... 116 
 
 appointment of officers by ... ... ... ... 123 
 
 office accommodation for ... ... ... ... 124 
 
 inspector [L.(t.B.] at meetings of... ... 30, 124 
 
 co-operation by and with ... ... ... ... 130 
 
 [For D.C. having powers and duties of C.B. 
 see under Central Body]. 
 District Council (see "Urban District Council"). 
 
 Donations of land ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11" 
 
 [See also "Voluntary Contributions."] 
 
 Emigration, provision for in Act 20, .30 
 
 ,, regulations under Unemployed Workmen Act ... 104 
 
 ,, classes desirable to emigrate ... ... ... ... 104 
 
 ,, monthly report of eases to L.G.B. ... ... ... 105 
 
 ,, Poor Law and provisions for ... ... ... ... 105 
 
 Expenses, what may be paid from contributions of Councils ... 21 
 
 ,, of Special Committee ... ... ... ... ... 26 
 
 Extraordinary Meeting, summoning of, D.C. ... ... ... 64, SO 
 
 C.B 64 
 
 False Statement by applicant for assistance 103 
 
 Farm Colony, establishment of ... ... ... ... ... 30 
 
 ,, regulations in respect of ... ... ... ... 117 
 
 ,, maintainance of persons on ... ... ... ... 118 
 
 ,, co-operation in respect of ... ... ... ... 119 
 
 ,, definition of ... ... ... ... ... ... 120 
 
 Guardians, Board of, to select members for D.C. in London 18, 45, 67 
 „ ,, outside 24, 74, 76, 83 
 
 ,, when may apply for establishment of 
 
 organisation ... ... ... ... 24 
 
 ,, definition of ... ... ... ... ... 25 
 
 ,, Avhen to fill casual vacancy on D.C. ... 50 
 
 ,, information from ... ... ... ... 95 
 
 ,, assistance by, to C.B. and D.C 130 
 
 Immigration, colonial and foreign laws 
 Incorporation of C.B. ... 
 
 ,, in London 
 
 Infancy, a disqualification 
 Inquiries, local, by L.G.B. 
 
 Inspectors of L.G.B. at meetings of D.C. and C.B 
 
 ,, powers of, at local inquiries.. 
 
 Ireland, application of Act to... 
 
 ... 105 
 
 29 
 
 51 
 
 61 
 
 32, 132, 152 
 
 30, 124 
 
 ... 155 
 
 35
 
 Iiule.r. 189 
 
 PACE 
 
 Labour Exchanges, establisment, &c., of 20 
 
 co-ordination of... ... ... ... 20, 156, 158 
 
 definition of Local Exchange 93 
 
 ,, Central Exchange ... ... 93 
 
 regulations as to estahlishment, &c., of ... 127 
 management of, by D.C. ... ... ... 128 
 
 difference as to agreement in respect of 
 
 working 128 
 
 utility of... ^ 129 
 
 Act in London ... ... ... ... . ... 156 
 
 model rules and forms for ... ... ... 161 
 
 Land, regulations in respect of acquisition of, for purposes of Act 
 
 30, 122, 137 
 
 definition of 54- 
 
 lea.se of, for Farm Colony 117 
 
 consent of L.G.B. required to acquisition of ... ... 122 
 
 disposal of surplus ... .. ... ... ... ... 123 
 
 application of proceeds of sale of ... ... ... ... 123 
 
 Liabilities, transfer of 29,36 
 
 Local AuthoritjMuay co-operate with D.C. and C.B. ... ... 130 
 
 Local (jovemment Board, establishment of organisation by ... IS, 24 
 
 ,, ,, niay appoint member to C.B ... 18 
 
 ,, ,, consent to increase rate contribution 
 
 required ... ... ... ... 22 
 
 ,, ,, power to make orders and regulations 28 
 
 ,, ,, may vary or revoke their orders ... 29 
 
 ,, ,, inspectors of, at meetings of D.C. 
 
 and C.B 30, 124 
 
 ,, ,, may remove difficulties attending con- 
 
 stitution of D.C. or C.B. , &c.., 66, 82 
 ,, ,, consent of, to eiuigration and migra- 
 
 tion not requiied ... ... 107 
 
 ,, ,, ,, estal)lisliment of Farm 
 
 Colony required 117, 118 
 
 ,, ,, ,, provision of temporary ac- 
 
 commodation for workers required 120 
 ,, ,, consent of, to acquisition of land 
 
 required ... ... ... ... 122 
 
 ,, ,, scheme of co-operation, when required 130 
 
 ,, ,, use of Poor Law ofiicer ,, 130 
 
 ,, ,, conditions by, for application of pro- 
 
 ceeds of sale of sui'plus lands ... 123 
 ,, ,, may settle differences re labour ex- 
 
 change ... ... ... ... 128 
 
 Local Inquiries (see "Inquiries"). 
 
 London, organisation for ... ... ... ... ... ... 18, 39 
 
 ,, adding out-district to administrative county of ... 23 
 
 London County Council, to .select members for C.B. ... ... 18, 52 
 
 ,, ,, when to select ... ... ... ...55,58
 
 190 
 
 Index. 
 
 Meetings, first meeting of D. C. , London Order 
 
 ,, other meetings of D.C. 
 
 ,, first meeting of C B. 
 
 ,, other meetings of C.B. 
 
 ,, rules and procedure for 
 
 ,, quorum 
 
 ,, first meeting of D.C, outside London Order ... 
 
 ,, other meetings of D.C. ,, ,, 
 
 ,, rules and procedure for ,, ,, 
 
 ,, quorum ,, ,, 
 
 Metroi)olitan Borough (see " Borough ") 
 Migration or removal, C.B. may aid ... ... 20,104, 
 
 Nominated members of C.B. , power of L.G.B. to nominate 
 ,, proportion of ... 
 
 ,, proportion of, London Order 
 
 Office accommodation for C.B. and D.C 
 
 Officer, appointment of by D.C. and C.B. ... 
 
 ,, to receive applications 
 
 ,, to investigate cases ... 
 
 ,, duty of as to record paper ... 
 
 ,, audit of accounts of ... ... ... ... 31, 
 
 ,, of local authority assisting D.C. and C.B. 
 
 Organisation, for London 
 
 ,, outside London 
 
 ,, temporary 
 
 Out-Door Relief Orders 
 
 Parliament, regulations of L.G.B. to be laid before 
 Persons experienced in relief of distress to be on D.C. 18, 43, 4 
 Poor Law Officer, assisting D.C. or C.B. .. 
 Poor Law Relief, ajiplicant to D.C. having 
 
 ,, disqualification 
 
 ,, cases more suitable for 
 
 ,, emigration provisions 
 
 ,, regulations of L.G.B. 
 
 Procedure, see " meetings " 
 
 Property, transfer of ... 
 
 Publication, of information re employment 
 
 (Quorum, see " meetings " 
 
 Rates and Taxes of Farm Cylony 
 Record Paper to be considered by D.C. 
 
 regulations as to 
 
 to be provided by D.C. 
 
 for each case to be kept 
 
 alphabetical index of ... 
 
 when to be sent by D.C. to C.B. 
 
 form of 
 
 
 'AGE 
 
 ... 62 
 
 , 66 
 
 
 64 
 
 ... 56 
 
 , 66 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 64 
 
 ".'.. 79 
 
 , 82 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 81 
 
 
 81 
 
 105, 
 
 107 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 52 
 
 124, 
 
 130 
 
 30, 
 
 123 
 
 
 94 
 
 94, 
 
 102 
 
 
 115 
 
 125, 
 
 138 
 
 
 130 
 
 ... 18 
 
 , 39 
 
 ... 24 
 
 , 70 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 170 
 
 
 33 
 
 to, 74 
 
 , 75 
 
 
 130 
 
 
 97 
 
 
 98 
 
 
 99 
 
 
 105 
 
 
 170 
 
 ..." 2fl 
 
 , 36 
 
 
 128 
 
 
 118 
 
 
 97 
 
 
 114 
 
 
 114 
 
 • .« 
 
 115 
 
 
 115 
 
 
 115 
 
 
 133
 
 Index. 191 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Register of Cases to be kept by D.C. and C.B ... 116 
 
 Kemoval to another Area — see "Migration." 
 
 Kemoval of Difficulties— see " Difficulties." 
 
 Keniuneration of Workman — see under "\yorknian." 
 
 Resignation— see under "Distress Committee " and " Central Body." 
 
 Ketumsto L.G.B " 32 
 
 ,, to L.G.B. of cases emigrated ... ... ... ... 105 
 
 Scheme, see "Local (Government Board" ... 
 
 Scotland, application of Act to ... ... ... ... ... 33 
 
 Special Committee, in county boroughs re labour exchanges, Szc. 26 
 
 ,, in administrative counties ,, y6 
 
 ,, expenses of ... ... ... ... ,., ... 26 
 
 ,, powers of 26,127 
 
 ,, constitution of as temporary C.B. or D.C. ... 28 
 ,, may arrange for distribution of employment 
 
 information ... ... ... ... ... 128 
 
 Statutes : 
 
 Poor Law Belief Act, 1601, s. 7, 96 
 
 Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834, 25 ; ss. 57 to 71, 96 ; s. 56, 98 
 
 Land Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845 138; s. 127, 131 
 
 Land Clauses Acts ... ... ... ... ... ... 137 
 
 Poor Kemoval Act, 1846 s. 6, 106 
 
 Lord Campbell's Act, 1846 96 
 
 Poor Law Board Act, 1847 s. 20, 124; s. 21, 155 
 
 Union Chargealjility Act, 1865 s. 8, 101 
 
 Metropolitan Poor Act, 1867 ... ... ... ... s. 11, 54 
 
 Vaccination Act, 1867 s. 26, 23 
 
 Poor Law Amendment Act, 1868 s. 37, 96 
 
 Naturalization Act, 1870 ... ... ... ... ... 61 
 
 Bastanlv Law Amendment Act, 1872 s. 4, 96 
 
 Pul>lic Health Act, 1875, s. 205, 124 ; s. 233, 148, 9 ; s. 234, 
 
 149 ; ss. 236 to 9, 152 ; s. 247, 140 to 5 ; ss. 249, 250, 
 
 —145-6 ; s. 292, 146 to 148 ; ss. 293, 4, 5—154 ; s. 296, 
 
 155 ; schedule II., 62 
 
 Elementary Edncation Act, 1876 s. 10, 22 
 
 District Auditors' Act, 1879 140 
 
 Municipal Corporations Act, 1882 s. 33, 23 ; s. 22, 65 
 
 Married Women's Property Act, 1882 ss. 20, 21, 96 
 
 Medical Relief Disqualification Removal Act, 1885 23 ; s. 4, 99 
 Local Government Act, 1888 ... ... ... ... ... 25 
 
 Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, 1888 — 
 
 s. 71, 138, 9 ; s. 87, 153 ; ss. 1 & 100, 25 
 Interpretation Act, 1889 — 
 
 s. 1, 96 ; s. 3, 101 ; s. 15, 25 ; s. 16, 25 ; s. 23, 127 
 
 ^Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, 1891 .s. 3, 54 
 
 I'ublic Health (in London) Act, 1891 s. 80, 23
 
 192 Index. 
 
 PAGE 
 Elementaiy Education (Blind and Deaf Cluldren Act, 1893 
 
 ' s. 10, 23 
 
 Isolation Hospitals Act, 1893 s. 23 23 
 
 Local Government Act, 1894 — 
 
 s8. 23, 24—25 ; s. 85. 36 ; s. 86. 37 ; s. 88, 37 ; 
 s. 20-44. 75 ; s. 59, 46 ; s. 46—51, 59 ; s. 23, 75 
 
 London Goverament Act, 1899 s. 34, 22 • s. 2 44 
 
 Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897 ... ... ... ... 96 
 
 Cleansing of the Persons Act, 1897 ... ... ... s. 1 23 
 
 Elementary Education (Defective and Epileptic Cliildren) 
 
 Act, 1S99 s. 8, 23 
 
 Elementary Education Act, 1902 ... ... ... s 17 45 
 
 Labour Bureau (in London) Act, 1902 lo6 
 
 Sub-Committees of D.C. and C.B. appointment of 64, 81 
 
 „ ,. powers 65, 81, 94*, 97 
 
 ,, ,. quorum 65, 81 
 
 Temporary Accommodation for workers on land, regulations 30, 120 
 ,, meaning of ad jective " tempurary " ... ... 122 
 
 Temporary Work, conditions affecting provision of ... 30, 113 
 
 Term of Office of members of C.B ... 57 
 
 DC 48, 49, 77 
 
 Town Clerk to give notice of meeting to appoint D.C 46, 76 
 
 ,, ,, to fill vacancy in D.C. ... 50, 78 
 ,, to clerk to D.C. on vacancy filled 50,79 
 
 Tx'ansfer of property and liabilities 29,36 
 
 Urban District (Non-Borough) Council, appointment of D.C, in 
 
 24, 73, 74, 76, 87 
 ,, ,, who may apply for 
 
 a D.C 24 
 
 ,, ,, D. C. , a committee of 47 
 
 ,, ,, may give assistance to 
 
 D.C. or C.B. ... 130 
 
 Vacancy, casual, in D.C 49, 7S 
 
 in C.B 58 
 
 Vice-chairman, appointment of ... ... ... ... ... 65, 81 
 
 Voluntary contributions, purposes of ... ... ... ... 21 
 
 ,, adnunistration of ... ... ... 31 
 
 ,, for maintenance of Farm Colony ... 118 
 ,, for provision of temporary accommo- 
 dation 121 
 
 Wages (see "Workman"'). / / ^ X'V^ 
 
 Woman, to be on D.C. and C.B. ..r .T ../(^19, 42, 43, 52, 74 
 ,, may be assisted under Act... ... ... ,' ... ... 96 
 
 Work temporary (see "Temporary Work"). 
 
 Workman (Unemployed), unem[)loyed, how may be aided 19, 20, 102 
 ,, ,, conditions as to if provided wnth work 108 
 
 >, ,, provision fur family ... ... ... 109 
 
 ,, ,, remuneration of ... ... 110,111 
 
 „ ,, facilities to, for obtaining regular 
 
 work 20, 112 
 
 „ „ when his employment may be taken 
 
 away ,,, 112, 113 
 
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