UC-NRLF 
 
 B 3 137 7ME 
 
 i:il i i" W i i 
 
 A" 
 
 
OF THK 
 
 University of California. 
 
 Received QO-e.JlJ-^ • ^^^^^ ■ 
 
 Accessions No.{^dy33 ■ CLn< Vn. 1 7 f 
 
 e- 
 
p. YERGILI MAKONIS 
 
 AENEIDOS 
 
.mm 
 
(Elementarg Cnassics 
 
 P. VERGILI MARONIS 
 AENEIDOS 
 
 LIBER I. 
 
 EDITED, WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY 
 FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS 
 
 BY THE 
 REV. ARTHUR S. WALPOLE, A.M. 
 
 NEW EDITION 
 
 Revised and Enlarged, for Use in American Schools, by 
 
 HENRY CLARK JOHXSON, A.M., LL.B., 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND 
 LATE PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE LEHIGH UNIVERSITY 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND LONDON 
 
 1893 ^^'ot rsn 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
Copyright, 1893, 
 By MACMILLAjST AND CO. 
 
 First edition printed 1S82. 
 Reprinted 1SS6, iSgo. 
 
 Xorlxiooti iprcss : 
 
 J. S. Cushingr & Co. — Berwick & Smith. 
 
 Boston, Mass., U.S.A. 
 

 CONTEIsTTS. 
 — *»• — 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface "^ii 
 
 Introduction i^ 
 
 Aexeid !.....••••• 1 
 
 Notes ^^ 
 
 Vocabulary 8^ 
 
 Metrical Index 13^ 
 
 Index to the Notes 141 
 
 Of TKe 
 
■^ 0? THl ^ 
 
 PEEFAOE. 
 
 -•c*- 
 
 The original edition of this work was based 
 upon the best commentators, especially Conington 
 and Nettleship, Wagner, Eibbeck, Kennedy, and 
 Kappes, and the text was the result of a careful 
 comparison of those editors. In re-editing it, I 
 have still farther compared it with Heyne and 
 Lade wig, and other standard authorities, with es- 
 pecial regard to the testimony of the best manu- 
 scripts, and Brambach's decisions as to the best 
 orthography. 
 
 The notes have been rewritten and enlarged with 
 the view of meeting the actual wants of pupils in 
 American schools ; numerous references have been 
 made to the Latin Grammars of Allen and Green- 
 ough (A.), and Harkness (H.), and explanations of 
 such points in history and geography, mythology 
 
 and antiquities, as seem to require it, have been 
 
 vii 
 
Vlll A Ey FIDOS. 
 
 freely inserted. A metrical index pointing out the 
 chief difficulties in the scanning has also been 
 added. 
 
 Several changes have also been made in the 
 vocabulary, especially in the marking of the quan- 
 tities of vowels, and several misprints in the 
 English edition have been corrected. 
 
 HENRY CLARK JOHNSON. 
 
 Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 April 1, 1893. 
 
INTEODUCTION. 
 
 -*<>•- 
 
 Publius Vergilius Maro was born, the son of a 
 farmer, near Mantua, b.c. 70; and was educated 
 first at Cremona and Milan, then at Naples under 
 the Greek grammarian Parthenius. Although he 
 was one of the few great Roman writers who did 
 not go to Greece for education, his knowledge and 
 appreciation of Greek literature were wide and 
 deep. In b.c. 42 the confiscation of his farm, in 
 order to give it to the veterans (whose services in 
 the field were thus rewarded at the expense of 
 their civilian neighbours), brought him to Eome. 
 There he became acquainted with Maecenas, the 
 patron also of Horace (to whom Vergil dedicated 
 his Georgics, Horace his Odes), and with Augustus. 
 His earliest poems were Eclogues, pastoral poems 
 in imitation of the Sicilian Greek Theocritus ; his 
 most finished work was entitled the Georgics, a 
 poetical treatise on farming, or, as it has been 
 
 ix 
 
X AENEIDOS. 
 
 happily put, " the glorification of labour." He 
 died B.C. 21. The following epitapli is said to have 
 been composed by him : — 
 
 Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc 
 Partheuope: Cecini pascua, rura, duces. 
 
 The Aeneid was meant to be, and it was, a 
 national epic ; it was to reveal, concentrated in one 
 focus, the glorious past, on which Augustus wished 
 the Romans, '^ the servile offspring of the free," to 
 dwell. Vergil was a patriot to the core, and the 
 loving enthusiasm with which he writes goes far to 
 compensate that want of freshness, which has often 
 been brought up against him, but which was really 
 unavoidable in his generation. The chief charac- 
 teristics of the Aeneid are grace, subtlety, and 
 elaborate quaintness, which are combined with a 
 command of language truly masterful, and kept 
 from awkwardness and affectation only by the 
 poet's exquisite taste, judgment, and skill. He 
 borrowed freely (what Latin poet did not?), but 
 the manner in which he borrowed made the theft 
 his own ; and every translation contains some 
 touches which Vergil, and Vergil alone, could put 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 in. It has of late been usual to depreciate him by 
 the side of Lucretius and Catullus, the poets of the 
 generation before. But little is to be gained from 
 such comparisons ; for while Vergil and Horace 
 excel in polish and refinement, their elder contem- 
 poraries possessed a power and fire altogether their 
 own. 
 
 Story of the Aeneid. — (Book II.) Aeneas, son of 
 Anchises and Venus, scarcely by the aid of the 
 gods rescues his father and son from the flaming 
 ruins of Troy. (III.) Landing first in Thrace he 
 touches at Delos, Crete, Lucadia, Chaonia, and 
 Sicily, where Anchises dies. (I.) Setting sail 
 from Sicily they are wrecked at Juno's instigation, 
 and come to Carthage, where Queen Dido (whom 
 Venus has inflamed with love for Aeneas) kindly 
 receives them. (III.) But the fates do not suffer 
 Aeneas to give up Italy, the object of his whole 
 voyage, and (IV.) he sets sail from Carthage, Dido 
 slaying herself in despair. (V.) The Trojans in 
 Sicily celebrate the anniversary of Anchises' death, 
 and during the games the Trojan women fire their 
 ships, which are saved, but by Jupiter's aid. (VI.) 
 Aeneas at Cumae (near Naples) visits the infernal 
 
XU AENEIDOS. 
 
 regions, and sees his father and the future heroes 
 of Kome. The last six books (based on the Iliad) 
 tell of Aeneas' wars in Italy, and his final triumph 
 over Turnus, the Rutulian chief, whom he slays 
 with his own hand. 
 
 The text of Vergil is on the whole in a satisfac- 
 tory state, although this applies less to the Aeneid 
 (which was left unfinished) than to the other 
 poems. We have no fewer than seven uncials 
 (i.e. MSS. written in capitals, and therefore early), 
 the two best, the Roman and Medicean, dating 
 from the fourth century. 
 
V 
 
 
 AENEIDOS. 
 
 LIBER PRIMUS. 
 
 -•o^ 
 
 I sing of the loanderinys and wars of Aeneas. 
 
 Arma virmiique cano, Troiae qui primii^jilajoris 
 Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit 
 litora, multuiitille et teri:i^j^actatuset3lfe(> 
 vi superumi sae^;w,e memorem lunonis ob irani, 
 multa quoque^et bello passus, cluni conderet urbem 5 
 inferretque deos Latio ; genus unde Latinum 
 Albanique patres atque altae moenia Eomae. 
 
 Why, muse, did Juno persecute him? 
 
 Musa, mihi causas meraora, quo numlne laeso, 
 quidve dolens regina deum tot' volvere casus 
 insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10 
 
 iupulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae ? 
 
 J%ino loved Carthage as much as she hated the Trojans. 
 
 TJrbs antiqua fuit, — Tyrii tenuere coloni, — 
 Karthag^, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe 
 
15 
 
 2 AEyEIDOS. 
 
 v/ 
 
 ostia, dives opum stiicliisque asperrima belli ; 
 qiiam Iiino fertur terris niagis omnibus unam 
 postlTalTita cbluisse bajino : Incliiriiis arnia, 
 liic currus fiiit ; hoc regimm aea gentibus esse, 
 si qua fata sinant, iam turn tenditque f ovetque. 
 Progeniem sed eniin Troiano a sanguine duci 
 audierat, Tyrias oli.m quae verj^^fcarces ; 20 
 
 hinc populum late regem bellofj^HRperbum 
 venturuiu excidio Libyae : sic voivere Parcas. 
 Id metuens veterisque meiiior Saturnja belli, 
 prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis : 
 — necdum etiam causa^Jrarum saevique dolores 25 
 exciderant animo ; manet alta mente repostum 
 iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, 
 et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores : — 
 his accensa super iactatos aequore toto 
 Troas, reliquias Danauni atque immitis Acl\illi, 30 
 arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos 
 errabant acti fatis maria omnia circum : 
 tantae molis erat Pomanam condere gentem. 
 
 She chafes to think that ivhereas Pallas had destroyed the Greek 
 fleet, she, the queen of the Gods, could not keep Aeneas from 
 Italy. 
 
 Vix 6 conspectu Siculae telluris in altum 
 vela dabant laeti et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 
 cum luno aeternum servans sub pectore volnus 
 haec secum : ' Mene inceptS desistere victam, 
 
LIBER I. 6 
 
 nee pos^'e Italia Teucroriim avertere regem ? 
 quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem 
 ArgiVdm atqiie ipsos potuit submergere pont'o 40 
 uiims ob nox^m et furias Aiacis Oili ? ^ 
 
 Ipsa,-Iovis rapidtim iaculata e nubibus ignem, 
 clisiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis, 
 illiiBi exspii'antem transfixo pectore flammas 
 turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 
 
 Ast ego, quae divtini incedo regina, lovisque 
 et soror et coninnx, una cum gente tot annos 
 bella gero : et quisquam numen lunonis adorat 
 praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem ? ' 
 
 She asks Aeolus' aid, and he lets loose all the loinds, the storm 
 
 and shipivreck. 
 
 Talia fiammatc) secum dea corde volii'tans 50 
 
 nimbbrum^in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris 
 Aeoliam venit. Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro 
 luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras 
 imperio preniit ac vinclis et careere frenat^,^ 
 Illi indignantes niagno cum murmure montis 55 
 
 cireum claustra f remunt : celsa sedet Aeolus arce 
 sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras : 
 ni faciat, maria ae terras caelunique profundum 
 quippe ferant ra^idJL secum verrantque per auras : 
 sed pater omnipotens speluneis abdidit atris 60 
 
 hoe metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos 
 imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo 
 
4 AENEIDOS. 
 
 et premere et laxas sciret dare( iussus habenas. 
 Ad quern turn luno supj^ex his vocibus usa^st : 
 
 'Aeole, nam que tibi divum pater atque hominum 
 rex 65 
 
 et muTcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento, 
 gens iniinjiia mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, 
 Ilium m Italiam portans victosque Penates : 
 incute vim ventis submersasqile obrue puppes, 
 aut age di versos et disice corpora ponto. 70 
 
 Sunt mihi bis septem pr aesta nti corpore nymphae, 
 quarum, quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, 
 conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,- 
 omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos y 
 
 exigat et pulchra faciat te prole parentem. 75 
 
 ^ Aeolus haec contra : ' Tuns, o regina, quid optes, 
 ^^"explorare labor ; mihi iussa capessere fas est. 
 
 Tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra lovemque 
 concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum, 
 nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.' 80 
 
 Haec ubi dicta, cavnm conversa cuspide montem 
 impulit in latus : ac venti, velut agmine facto, 
 qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. 
 Incubuere mari, totumqne a sedibus imis 
 una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85 
 Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus. 
 Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum. 
 Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque 
 Teucrorum ex oculis ; ponto nox incubat atra. 
 
Intonuere poll et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 
 praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. 
 Extemplo Aeneae solvimtur frigore membra ; 
 ingemit, et duplices teiidens ad sidera palmas 
 talia voce revert : ' terque quaterque beati, 
 quis ante ora pdtrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95 
 contigit oppet^'e ' o Danaiim f orfcssime geutis 
 TydidjeJ inejie IIi£ cis occumbere campis 
 non potuiss'e tiiaque anifenam banc effundere dextra, , 
 saevus ubi lAeacijdae telo iacet\Hector, i^biJngenslC^ f 
 Sarpelflon, ubi\tot Simdjis coiy-epta snb undis 100 
 
 scuta virum gal^sque eii f or {;ia^ corpora Wolvit ! ' .^ 
 ■^ Talia iactanti^stridens ' Aquilonejppocella 
 velum acJver^ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit : 
 f rangun^ur remi ; turn prOri ajv^ertit etj undis 104 
 dat latus 2 insequitur cumiilo prae^uptus aquae mons. 
 Hi summer in fluctu pendent ; his unda dehiscens v 
 terrjtm inter fluctus aperit : furit aestus h^renis. 
 Tris Notusfabreptas inJsaxa l£fcentia\torquet ; 
 — saxa vocant Itali medii§^_c[uae in flvictibus|^?-as, — 
 dorsum immane mari summo ; tres Eurus ab alto. ^ 
 in brevia et^ syrtis urget, miserabile visu, m 
 
 inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae. 
 Unam,\quae Lycios lidumque vehebat Oronten, 
 ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus 
 in pu];4^im ferit : excutitur prohusque magi.ster 115 
 volvitur in cabut ; ast' illam ter fluctus ibidem 
 torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore 
 vortex. 
 
 am*,^ 
 
m 
 
 A) 
 
 6 , AENEIDOS. 
 
 Aclparent rari naiites in gurgite vasto, 
 arma virum tabulaeque et Troia gaza per undas. 
 lam validaiu ijliiaiiei^navein, iam fortis Achatae, 120 
 et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, 
 vicit hiems f laxis lateruni compagibus omnes 
 accipiunt inimicum imbrem riniisque fatiscunt. 
 
 Neptune scolds the winds and allays the storm. 
 
 Interea magno misceri murmure pontum 
 emissamqu'ti liiemem sensit Neptunus et imis 125 
 stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus ; et alto 
 prospiciens summa placidum caput extulit unda. ^j^ 
 Disiectad^ Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, 
 fluctibus oppresses Troas caelique ruina : 
 nee latuere doli fratrem lunonis et irae. 130 •'' 
 
 Euf"mn ad se Zephyrumque vocat, deliinc talia 
 f atur : 
 ' Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri ? 3^ 
 iam caelu^i terramqile meo sine numine, venti, 
 miscere, et tantas audetis toUere moles ? 134 
 
 '~quos ego — sed motos praestat componere iluctus iVy 
 post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. \\ 
 
 Maturate fugam, regiqi^ haec dicite vestro : 
 non illVimperium pelagi saevumque tridentem, 
 sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa, 
 vestras, Eure, domos ; ilia se iactet in aula 140 
 
 Aeolus et clauso Ventorum carcere regnet.' 
 Sic ait, et dicto citius tumid^ aequora placat, 
 
Vjy LIBER I. 7 
 
 collectasque fugat nubes solemque reducit. 
 Cymothoe siniul et Triton adnixus acuto 
 detrudunt navis scopulo ; Tevat ipse tridenti 145 
 et vastas ^aperit syrtis et temperat aeqiior, 
 atque rotis siimmas levibus perlabitur undas. 
 
 ^ Ac veluti magna in populo cum saepe coorta est 
 seditio, saevitqufe animis ignobile volgus, 
 iamque faces et saxa volant, f6.ror arma ministrat 
 turn pietate gray^ ac meritis si forte virum quern 
 
 "^-6onspexere, silent arrectisque~auribus adstant; 
 ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet : 
 sic cunctus pelagi cecidit frag^r, aequora postquam 
 prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto '^'^ 155 
 flectit equos curruque voj^ns dat lora secundo. >^^^ .. 
 
 The Trojans land in a sheltered spot and prepare a meal. 
 
 Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu 
 contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras. 
 Est in s'ecessu longo locus : insula portum 
 efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 
 frangitur inque sinus scmdit sese unda redudtos. 
 Hinc atque liinc vastae rupes geminique minantur 
 in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late 
 aequora tuta silent : tum silvis scaena coruscis 164 
 ' desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra; - 
 fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, 
 intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxp, 
 nympliarum domus : liic f^ssas non vincula navis '.3-^ 
 
8 AENEIDOS. 
 
 ulla tenent, uiipo non allfgat ancora morsu. 
 Hue septWn Aeneas collectis navibus omni 170 
 
 ex numqro subit ; ac magno telluris amore 
 5^y^e^>^s^J^ptata potiuiitur Troes harena 
 et sale tabentis artus iji litore poniint. 
 
 Ac pmnuin silmi scmTipStt exlcudit Achates 1 
 
 suscepitque ignem loliis atqui^ arida circum 175 
 
 nntrimenta dedit rapuitc[U^ in fomite flammam. 
 •Tum, Cererem corruptato undis Cerealiaque.arma 
 ■^'^"^expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas 
 
 et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. 179 
 
 Aeneas sees and shoots seven stags, and encourages his comrades, 
 who roast venison, and after eating it beicail those loho had 
 been lost. 
 
 Aeneas scopuhmi interea conscendit et omnem 
 prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quern 
 iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis 
 aut Capyn aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. 
 Nav^si in conspectu nullain^tris litore cervos 
 prospicit errantis ; hos torn armenta sequuntur 185 
 a tergV et longum per vallis pascitur agmen. ^^^. 
 Constitit hie, arcumque manu eeleresque sagittas 
 corripuit, [hdus quae tela gerebat Achates], 
 ductoresqii^ ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis 
 cornibus arboreis, sternit ; tum volgus, et omnem 190 
 miseet agens telis nemo A inter frondea turbam ; 
 nee prius absistit, quam septum ingentia victor 
 
LIBER I. 9 
 
 corpora fiindat liumi et numeriim cum navibus 
 
 aequett 
 Hmc portum ;^etit, ,et s'bcios partitur in omnis. ^ , 
 "Vlna bonus quae deiride cadis onerarat Acestes 195 
 litore Trinacrio dederatqu^ abeuntibns heros, 
 dividit et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet : 
 ' socii, neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum, 
 D passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque linem. 
 \Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis 200 
 accestis scopulos, vos et Cj^clopea saxa 
 experti : revocate animos, maestumque timorem 
 mittite ; forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. 
 Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum 
 tendimus in Latiuni, sedes ubi fata quietas 205 
 
 ostendunt ; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. 
 Durat^ et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' 
 
 Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger , / 
 spem voltu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.-y/ 
 Illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris : 210 
 tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant, 
 pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt, ^^ 
 litor^. aena locant alii flammasque ministrant. 
 Turn victu revocant vires, fusique per herbam » 
 
 implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae. "^ ^^15 
 Postquaki exempta fames epulis, mensaeque reniotaeX 
 amis SOS lohgo socios sermone requirunt 
 spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant 
 sive extrema pati nee ram exaudire vocatos. 
 
10 AEN FIDOS. 
 
 Praecipue plus Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, 220 
 
 nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum 
 fata Lyci fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloantluim. 
 
 The scene changes. Venus implores Jujnter to hefriend her 
 
 Trojans. 
 
 Et iam finis erat, cum luppiter aethere summo ' 
 despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentis .^^j^..^ 
 litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225 
 
 constitit et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. 
 Atque ilium talis iactantem pectore curas 
 tristior et lacrijnis oculos suffusa nitentis 
 adloquitur Venus : ' qui res liominumque de urn que 
 aeterpis regi^iiiperiis et fuliiHne terres, 230 
 
 quid mens Aeneas in te committere tantum, 
 quid Troes potuere, quibus tot funera passis 
 cunctus ob Italian! terrarum clauditur orbis ^ 
 Cerfce hinc Ronianos olim, volventibus annis, 
 hinc fore ductores revocafb^a sanguine Teucri, 235 
 qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent, 
 l)ollicitus : quae te, genitor, sententia vertit ? 
 Hoc equide\i occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas 
 solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens ; 
 nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240 
 
 insequitur. Queni daS finem, rex magne, laborum?^' 
 Antenor potuit mediis elapsus Achivis 
 Illyricos penetrare sinus atqu>^intima tutus 
 regna Liburnoruin et fontem superare Timavi, 
 
LIBER I. 11 
 
 uncle joer gra novem vasto cum murmure montis 245; 
 it mare proruptii^ et pelago premit arva sonanti. . 
 Hie tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit 
 TeucrontKi, et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit ^ 
 Troia, nunc placida comp.QS±iis pace quiescit : v^ - ^ 
 nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, 250' 
 navibus, infanduniX amissis, uniu^luram 
 prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris. 
 Hie pietatis honos ? sic nos in sceptra reponi^-?.' . / 
 
 Jupiter reassures her ; the future destinies of (1) Laviinum,. 
 (2) Alba Longa, culminating in (3) Rome. ^^^' 
 
 Olli subridens liommum sator atque deorum 
 voltu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255, 
 
 oscula libavit natae, dehiuc talia fatur : ^^ 
 ' Parce metu, Cy therea : manent immota tuoru«a> 
 fata tibi ; cernes urbeni et promissa Lavini 
 moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli 259. 
 
 magnanimu^KAenean ; neque me sententia vertit. 
 Hie tibi, — fabor enim, q'n^ndo haec te cura remor- 
 
 det, L>...^^-^-<'^^^^'*-^ 
 longius et volvena fatorm^arcana movebo, — 
 
 belluiii ingens geret Italia populosque feroces 
 
 contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet, 
 
 tertia dura Latio regnantem viderit aestas 265, 
 
 ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. 
 
 At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen lulo 
 
 additur, — Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno, — 
 
 
 S 
 
12 AENEIBOS. 
 
 triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis 
 imperio explebit, regniimque ab sede Lavini 270 
 transferet, et Loiigam multa vi muniet Albania 
 Hie iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos 
 gente sub Hectorea, donee regina saeerdos 
 Marte gravis geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. 
 Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 
 
 Eomulus exeipiet gente m, et Mavortia condet 
 moenia Eomanosque suo^de nomine dicet. 
 His ego nee metas rerum nee tempora pono ; .; 
 
 imperium sine fine ded.i. Quin aspera luno, 279 
 quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat,V 
 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit ^. . 
 Komanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam.'^u. , ' 
 Sic placitum. A^eniet lustris labentibus aetas, 
 cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas 
 servitio premet ac yictis dominabitur Argis. 285 
 
 Nascetur pulclira Troianus origine Caesar, 
 imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, 
 lulius, a magno demissum nomen lulo. ,^\^ ■ 
 Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, 
 accipips s'^iira ; vocabitur hie quoque" votis. 290 
 
 Aspera turn positis mitescent saecula bellis ; 
 cana Fides et Vesta, Eemo cum fratre Quirinus 
 iura dabunt ; dirae f erro_^t compagibus artis 
 claudentur Belli portae ; Furor impius intus 
 saeva sedens supfer arma*et ceiifuin vvhdtus^Wnis 295 
 post tergum nodis, fremet liorridus ore cruento.' 
 
-7 aI-*^'' ^^ ^' 
 
 \. V 
 
 ii^^i? I. 13 
 
 Mercury is sent doion to influence Dido, Queen of Carthage, so- 
 us to v)elcoine Aeneas. 
 
 Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, 
 lit terrae utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces 
 hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido 
 finibus arc^e^. Yolati ille per aera magnum 300 
 remigi^ alariini, ac Libyae citus astitit oris. 
 Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni 
 corda volente deo ; in primis regina quietum 
 iccipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. 
 
 Aeneas in the morning, leaving his fleet secreted, explores the 
 country and meets his mother Venus, loho tells him the 
 whole story of Dido. 
 
 At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, 305 
 ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque 
 explorare novos, quas ventd^ accesserit oras, 
 qui teneant, — nara inculta videt, — hominesne 
 
 _feraene, 
 quaerefe constituit sociisque exacta referre. (cui»^''^^ 
 
 Classei^ in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata 310 "^"^-^rZ^ 
 arboribus clausam circi^ atqi^ horrentibus umbris 
 occulit ; ips^ uno graditur comitatus Achate, 
 bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. ^ 
 Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, 
 virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, 315 
 Spartanae, V^l qualis equos Threi'ssa fatigat 
 Harpalyce voliicremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum. 
 
 ^ruJ:^^X^^^^ 
 
c.^ 
 
 14 AENEIDOS. 
 
 ISTamqu^ umeris de more habilem suspenderat arciini 
 venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis, 
 ^o^ nuda genu nodoque sinus collecta fluentis. 320 
 
 ^Ac prior ' Heus ! ' inquit, ' iuvenes, monstrate, me- 
 arum 
 vidistis si quam hie errantem forte sororum, 
 succinctam pharetra/, et maculoso tegmine lyncis 
 aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.' ^ 
 Sic Venus, et Veneris contra sic filius orsus : 325 
 * Nulla tuaruj^ audita niilii neque visa sororum, 
 o — quam te memorem, virgo ? namon/e haud tibi 
 voltus 
 >. mortalis, nee vox hominem sonat ; o dea certe, 
 an Phoebi soror ? an nympharum sanguinis una ? 
 Sis felix, nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem, 
 et, quo sub caelo tandqm, quibus orbis in oris 331 ^|> 
 iactemur, doceas ; ignai"-; homiiiumque Ibcorumque 
 erramus, vento hue vastis et fiuctibus acti : /^ 
 multa tibif ant^ aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.' 
 
 Dido had fled from Tyre to escape from the tyranny of her 
 brother Pygmalion, loho had murdered her husband 
 Sychaeus. 
 
 Tum Venus : ' Haud equidem tali me dignor 
 honore ; 335 
 
 virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram 
 purpureoq\* alte suras vincire cothuruo. 
 Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem ; 
 
LIBER I. 15 
 
 sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello. 
 Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, 340 
 
 germanum fugiens. Longit est iniuria, longae 
 ambages ; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. 
 Huic coniunx Sycliaeus erat, ditissimus agri 
 Plioenicikii, et magno miserae dilectus amore/\^ 
 cui pater intactam. dederat primisque iugarat ( 345 
 omiuibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus liabebat / 
 Pygmalion, sceler^ antX alios immanior omnis. 
 Quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sycliaeum 
 impius ant\aras atqu'te auri caecus amore -''"t 
 
 clam ferr^ incautum superat. securus amorum 350. 
 germanae ; factumque diu celavit, et aegram , 
 
 multa. mains simulans vana spe lusit amantem-f^r^- 
 Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago 
 coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris ; 
 crndelis aras traiectaque pectora ferro 355 
 
 nudavit, caecumque domus scelusomne retexit. ^A 
 Tum celerare fugam patriaqu^ excedere suadet, 
 auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit 
 thesauros, ignotui^ argenti pondus et anri. 
 His commota fugam Dido sociosqne parabat. 360 
 Conveniunt, qnibus aut odium crudele tyranni 
 aut metus acer erat ; navis, quae forte paratae, 
 corripiunt onerantqiJPe auro. Portantur avari 
 PygmalioDis opes pelago ; dux femina facti. 
 Devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis 365 
 
 moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem, 
 
16 AENEIDOS. 
 
 mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, 
 taurino quantum possent circUmdare tergo. 
 Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris, 
 quove tenetis iter ? ' Quaerenti talibus ille 370 
 
 suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem : 
 
 Aeneas tells Venus who he is ; she tells him that his comrades 
 are safe, confirming it by an omen of swans ; she reveals 
 herself to him, and departs to Paphos. 
 
 ' dea, si prima repetens ab ongine pergam, 
 et vacet annalis nostrorUm audire laborum, 
 ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo. 
 Nos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per auris 375 
 Troiae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos 
 forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris. 
 Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qii\ex hoste Penates 
 classe veho mecum, fama super aetbera notus. 
 Italiam quaero patri^^i et genus ab love summo. 3S0 
 Bis denis Phrygium coiiscendi navibus aequor 
 matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus ; 
 vix septem convols^ undis Euroque supersunt. 
 Ips^ ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, 
 Euroj)a atqii^^ Asia pulsus.' Nee plura querentem 
 passa Venus medio sic interfata dolopi^ est : 386 
 
 'Quisquis es, baud, credo, invisus caelestibus 
 auras I 
 
 vitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem. 
 Perge modb, atqit^ hinc te regin^ ad limina perfer : 
 
LIBER I. 17 
 
 nam que tibi reduces socios classemqiie relatam 390 
 nuntio et in tutum ver^^ ^^ Aquilonibus actam, 
 ni frustrj^/' augurium vani av,';*.uere parentes. '• 
 Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos, 
 aetheria quos lapsa plaga lovis ales aperto 
 turbabat caelo ; nunc terras ordine longo 395 
 
 aut caper^ ant captas iam despectare videntur : 
 ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis 
 et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere, 
 baud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum 
 aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo. 400 
 
 Perge niod(i'' et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum.' 
 
 Dixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit, 
 ambrosiaeque comae divmum vertic^ odorem 
 spiravere ; — pedes vestis defluxit ad imos : — 
 et vei;^' incessu patuit clea. 111^ ubi matrem 405 
 agnovit, tali fugiente^ est voce secutus : 
 ' Quid natum totiens, crudelis tu quoque, falsis 
 ludis imaginibus ? cur dextrae iungere dextram 
 non datur, ac veras audir^ et reddere voces ? ' 
 Talibus incusat, gressumqu^ ad moenia tendit. 410 
 At Yenus obscuro gradientis aere saepsit, 
 et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, 
 cernere ne quis eos neu quis contingere posset 
 molirive morai^^i aut veniendi poscere causas. 
 Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque revisit 415 
 laeta suas, ubi templmn illi, centumque Sabaeo 
 ture calent arae sertisqiie recentibus halant. . > 
 
 ^1 
 
18 AEN FIDOS. 
 
 Aeneas and Achates, concealed &?//oO '*^ enter the city and see 
 the people as busy a-l^c- ^^^ early summer. 
 
 r 
 
 Corripuere viaiij^ interea. qua semita monstrat : 
 iamqu^jj-scendebaiit collem, qui plurimus urbi 
 iinmiiiet adversasqu£_aspectat clesu^:)er arces. 420 
 Miratur moleni^eneas, inagalia quondam, 
 miratur portas strepitumquejgt strata viarum. ,^ 
 ^feSb ardentes Tyrii : pars ducere muros 
 moliriquB-arcein.et manibus subvolvere saxa, 
 pars optare locum tectQ^t concludere sulco. 425 
 
 [iura magistratusque legunt sanctum que senatum.] 
 ft Hie portus alii^^'odiunt; hie lata theatris 
 f undamenta petunt alii^immanesque columnas 
 nipibus eicidunt, scaenis decor^t^lta f uturis : 
 qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 
 
 w-'s.'w exei'cet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos 
 "1^ educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella 
 A stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, ^ 
 
 aut onera^ccipiunt venientunij^ut agmine facto 
 ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus areent ; v'^^'^^3^ 
 tovet opus, redolentque tliymo fragrantia mella. 
 * fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt ! ' 
 Aeneas ait, et fastisria suspicit urbis. . \ ^ 
 
 Inf ert se saeptus nebula (mirabile dietu) V^ "^ 
 per medios miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 
 
 fe 
 
 «-.• 
 
LIBER I. 19 
 
 Aeneas enters a grove ichere a temple is in building to Juno, in 
 ichich he recognises well knoion incidents of the Trojan 
 IV ar. 
 
 .-r 
 
 ^^ 
 
 450 
 
 Lucus ill urbe fuit media, laetissimiis umbrae, jf ' jj 
 quo pnmuin iact^i^inclis et turbine~Pbeni K^ ^ tr^ 
 effodere loeo signum, quod regia luno Vn^ V'^ ^T'' 
 
 monstrarat, caput acris equi : sic nam forg bello ^y ^''-' 
 egregiam^t facilem victu per saecula gentem. '^45 
 Hie templum lunonijiigens Sidonia Dido 
 condebat, donis opulentuiii,^t iiuraine divae, 
 aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina nexaeque 
 aefe frabes, foribus cardo stridebat .aenis. 
 Hoc primuuTLin luco nova res oblata timorem 
 Teniit/ liic primun^Jleneas sperare salutem 
 ausus et adflictis melius conlidere rebus. 
 IN'amque sub ijigenti lustrat auin singula templo 
 reginanL^p'][5eriehs, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, 
 artiticumque manus inter se operumque laborem 455 
 miratur, videt Iliacas exordine pugnas 
 bellaque iam f ama totum volgata per orbem, 
 Atridas Priamumqu&«£t saevuni.anibobus Achillen. 
 Constitit, et lacrimans 'Quis iam locus/ inquit, 
 
 ^ Achate, 
 quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris ? 460 „ jjj< 
 En Priamus. Sunt liic etiam sua praemia laudi ; 
 sunt lacrimae reruinjet mentem mortalia tangunt. 
 Solve metus ; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.' 
 Sic ait, atque__aiiimum pictura pascit inani, .,jwa-X>^ 
 
^ I 
 
 20 AENEIDOS. 
 
 niiilta gemens, laygoq iieji mectat fiumine voltum. 465 
 Nam que videbat, unbellantes Fergama circum 
 hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana inventus ; 
 hac Phryges,4nstaret curru cristatus Achilles. 
 Nee procul hinc E,hesi niveis tentoi'ii^ivel^s ^ ^ 
 agnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno 470 
 Tydkles multa vastabat gaede cruentus, 
 ardencisque avertit equos in castra, priusquam 
 pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent. 
 Parte alia fu^ens ami^is Txoilu^rmis 
 infelix puer atqu^inpar cbiigressus Achilli, 475 
 
 fertur equis curruqits^ haeret resupihus inani, 
 lora tenens tamen; huic cervixque comaeque tra- 
 
 huntur jj 
 
 per terrlTOTT-et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta. /J/ 
 Intere^^L^d templum no n aegu ae Palladis ibant* 
 crinibus Iliades passis pe;^jlunique ferebant, 480 
 
 suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis: 
 diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat. 
 Ter circihu. Iliacos raptaverat Hectgra muros 
 exanimumqi>^ auro corpus vendebat Acliilles. 
 Turn ver)s ingentem gemitum dat pectoiAjib inio, 485 
 ut spoli^, ut currus, utqu's ipsum corpus amici 
 tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes. 
 Se quoque principibus permixtuin agnovit Acliivis, 
 Eoasqu^^cies et nigriMemnonis_at'ma. 
 Ducit Amazoniduin lunatis agmina peltis 490 
 
 Penthesilea furens mediisqu\in milibus ardet, 
 
LIBER I. 21 
 
 aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, 
 bellatrix, audetqiie viris concurrere virgo. 
 
 Dido enters the temple ; Aeneas sees the comrades, loho, as he 
 
 thought, were lost. 
 
 Haec dum Dardanils^ Aeneae miranda videntur, 
 dum stupet obtutuqu^ haeret defixus in imo, 495 
 regin?vad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, 
 incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. J^ 
 /Qiialis in Eurotae ripis aut per iiiga Cynthi 
 exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae 499 
 
 hinc atqu\hinc gloi^fantur Oreades; ilia phare- 
 
 tram .,.,..o3iiJ=»' 
 
 fert umero, gradiensque deas siipereminet omnis ; 
 
 — Latonae taciturn pertemptant ga\yiia p^tus ; — 
 
 talis erat Dido, "CSli^ii se laeta ferebat 
 
 per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris. 
 
 Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 
 
 saep1^ armis solioqu'y^ alte subnixa resedit. 
 
 lura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem 
 
 partibus aequabat instis aut sorte traliebat, 
 
 cum subit\^ Aeneas concur^ accedere magno ' 
 
 Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum ff'^ 
 
 Teucrorumqu\ alios, ater quos aeqiiore turbo JU^iCk/^vJ 
 ^-dispulerat penitusqu^ alias avexerat oras. ^-^ ~Y^r^^M^^ 
 • Obstipuit simul ipse, simul percussus Achates 
 
 laetitiaque metuqu\: avidi coniungere dextras 
 
 ardebant, sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 
 
22 AENEIBOS. 
 
 ,f 
 
 Dissimiilant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, 
 quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore liiiquant,^ 
 quid veniaut : cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant 
 orantes veui^, et templum clamore petebant. -519 
 
 Ilioneus, as their spokesman, bec/s for permission to rebuild 
 their ships, and sail to Sicily or Italy. 
 
 Postqua^ introgres^ et coram data copia fandi, 
 maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit : 
 ' regina, novam cui condere luppiter urbem 
 iustitiaque dedit gentis frenare superbas, 
 Troes te miseri, ventis marik omnia vecti, 
 oramus : prohibfe infandos a navibus ignis, 525 
 
 parce i^io gener\. et propius res aspice nostras. 
 Ngn nos aut ferro Libycos po^ilare Penatis^>4 jj V 
 
 ~ venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas ; 
 non ea vis animo nee tanta superbia victis. 
 Est locus, Hesperian! Grai cognomine dicunt, 530 
 terrk antiqua, potens armis atqUe ubere glaebae ; 
 Oenotri coluere viri ; nunc fama minores 
 Italian! dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. 
 Hie cursus fuit, / 
 
 cum subit^ adsurgens fiuctu nimbosus Orion 535 '' 
 in vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris 
 perqufe undas, superante salo, perqu^ invia saxa 
 
 -^ dispulit : hue pauci vestris adnavimus oris. 
 
 C Quod genus hoc hominum ? qi;aeve hunc tarn bar- 
 bar a morem 
 
LIBEB I. 23 
 
 permittit patria ? hospitio proliibemiir hareuae ; 540 
 bella cient, primacpie vetant consistere terra. 
 Si genus humaiiih^i et mortalia temnitis anna, 
 at sperate deos memores fand^ atque nefandi. 
 Kex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter 
 nee pietate fuit nee bello maior et armis : 545 
 
 quern si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura 
 aetlieria neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, 
 non metus. Officio nee te certasse priorem 
 paeniteat : sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes 
 armaque, Troianoqu^ a sanguine clarus Acestes. 550 
 Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem 
 et silvis aptare trabes et stringere renios : 
 si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, 
 tenderer ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus ; . 
 sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optume Teucrum, 555 
 pontus habet Libyae, nee spes iam restat luli, 
 at freta Sicaniae saltern sedesque paratas, 
 unde hue advecti, regemque petamus Acesten.' 
 Talibus Ilioneus ; cuncti simul ore fremebant 
 Dardanidae. 560 
 
 Dido welcomes them and offers them a shelter. 
 
 Tum breviter Dido voltum demissa profatur : 
 'Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. 
 Bes dur^^ et regni no vitas me talia cogunt 
 moliri, et late finis custode tu.evuj^^^^k^,^.'^ — 
 Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem, 
 
24 AENEIBOS. 
 
 virtutesque virosqne aut tanti incendia belli ? 566 
 Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, 
 nee tarn aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe. 
 Seu vos Hesperian! magnam Saturniaque arva 
 sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten, 570 
 
 auxilio tutos dimittam opibusqne iuvabo. 
 Voltis et his mecum pariter considere regnis ? 
 Urbem quam statuo, vestr^ est ; subducite navis ; ^ 
 Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur.' ' ^ I 
 Atqub utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 
 adforet Aeneas ! equidem per litora certos 
 dimittai^i et Libyae lustrarfe extrema iubebo, 
 si qnibus eiectus silvis aut urbibus errat/ 
 
 Aeneas and Achates become visible : the beauteous grace of 
 Aeneas, who thanks Dido for her geyierosity. 
 
 His animmn arrecti dictis et fortis Achates 
 et pater Aeneas iamdndum erumpere nubem 580 
 ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates : 
 ^Nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit ? 
 Omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos : 
 unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi 
 submersum ; dictis respondent cetera matris.' 585 
 Yix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente 
 scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum. 
 Kestitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit 
 OS umerosque deo similis; namquei^ipsa decoram\^'^ ' 
 caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae 590 
 
LIBER I. . ,- ; 25 
 
 purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores : 
 quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut nbi flavo 
 argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro. 
 Turn sic regina\n adloquitur cunctisque repente 
 inprovisus ait: 'Coram, quern quaeritis, adsuni 595 
 Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. • 
 
 O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores, 
 quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque 
 omnibus exliaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos 
 urbe, domo, socias : grates persolvere dignas 600 
 'non opis est nostrae, Dido, nee quidquid ubique est / 
 gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem. j^J 
 Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quidv^../ 
 iisquam iustitia est et mens sibijcqnScia recti, 604 
 praemia digna ferant. Quae te tarn laeta tulerunt 
 saecula ? qui tanti talem genuere parentes ? 
 in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae 
 lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet, 
 semper lionos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt 
 quae me cumque vocant terrae.' Sic fatus, amicum 
 Ilionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum, 611 {-) 
 
 post alios, fortemque G-yan fortemque Cloantlium. a 
 
 Dido tells Aeneas that she has heard of him from Teucer. 
 
 Obstipuit priniQ aspectu Sidonia Dido, 
 casu deinde f^iri tant6, et sic ore locut^ est : 
 ^Quisje, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus 615 "^ 
 
 insequitur ? quae vis immanibus applicat oris ? 
 
26 AENEIDOS. 
 
 Tune ille Aeneas, quern Dardanio Anchisae 
 alma Venus Plirygii genuit Simoentis ad undam ? 
 atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire 
 finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem 620 
 auxilio Beli ; genitor turn Belus opimam 
 vastabat CypriW et victor dicione tenebat. /). '3 ^ 
 Tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis 
 Troianae nomenque tuum regesque Pelasgi. 
 Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat, 625 
 
 seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat.^ 
 Quare agite, o tectis, iuvenes, succedite nostris. 
 Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores \ ^ 
 iactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra : ^^ y^) 
 non imara mali miseris succurrere disco.' t/ 630 
 
 She brings Aeneas into the palace, and sends food to the Trojans 
 
 on board. 
 
 Sic memorat ; simul Aenean in regia ducit 
 
 tecta, simul diviim templis indicit honorem. 
 
 Usee minus interea sociis ad litora mittit 
 
 viginti tauros, magnoriHn liorrentia centum 
 
 terga simm, pinguis centum cum matribus agnos, 635 
 
 munera laetitiamque dii. 
 
 At domus interior regali splendida luxu ^ ^ ' 
 
 instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis ; 
 
 arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo, 
 
 ingens argentum mensis, caelataqu^ in auro 640 
 
 fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum 
 
 per tot ducta viros antiqusDe ab origine gentis. 
 
LIBER I. 27 
 
 Achates is despatched for Ascanius, and ordered to bring royal 
 
 presents for Dido. 
 
 Aeneas — neqiie edim patrius consistere mentem 
 passus amor — r apidi i\p. ad navis praemittit Achaten, 
 Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumqiie ad moenia ducat ; 645 
 omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis. 
 Munera praeterea iHacis erepta ruinis 
 ferre iubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem 
 et circumtextam croceo velamen acantho, 
 ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos ilia M;][^cenis, 650 
 Pergama cum peteret inconcessosqb^ hymenaeos, 
 extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum ; 
 praeterea sceptrua^i, Ilione quod gesserat olim, 
 maxima natarum Priami, coUoque monile 
 bacatu^ et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam. 655 
 Haec celerans iter ad navis tendebat Achates. 
 
 Venus carries off Ascanius to Idalia, suhstituting Cupid for 
 
 him. 
 
 At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat , 
 
 consilia, ut faciem mutatus et or^^Cupido "^ ^ \ 
 
 pro dulci^scanio veniat, donisque furentem Nf-'^/'^ 
 incendat regina^ atqu6, ossibus implicet ignem. 660 
 Quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilinguis ; 
 
 urit atrox luito^ et sub nocteni cura recursat. ' • 
 
 Ers^a bis alisrerum dictis adfatur Amorem : 
 ' Xate, meae vires, mea magna potentia solus, 
 
■1 
 
 28 AENEIDOS. 
 
 nate, Patris summi qui tela Typhoea temnis, 665 
 ad te confugiK et supplex tua numina posco. 
 Frater ut Aeneas pel^go tuus omnia circum 
 litoraTactetur ocuis lunonis acerbae, 
 nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore. 
 Nunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur 670 
 vocibus ; et vereor, quo se lunonia vertant 
 hospitia ; baud tanto cessabit cardine rerum. . 
 Quocirca caperXante dolis et cingere flamma 
 reginam meditor, ne quo se nuniine mutet, 
 sed magnb Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. 675 
 
 Qua facer^ id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem. 
 Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem 
 Sidoniani puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, 
 dona ferens pelag^ et flammis restantia Troiae ; \ ' 
 hunc ego sopitum^^imcusuper alta Cythera 680 
 aut super Idalium sacra.t3^ je^ip recondam, 
 ne qua scire dolos mediusv)^ occurrere possit. 
 Tu facie/h^ illiuSjUOctem non amplius unam 
 falle dolb, et notos pueri puer indue voltus, 
 xii^ cum te gremi6 accipiet laetissima Dido 685 
 
 regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, 
 cum dabit amplexus atqu^ oscula dulcia figet, 
 occultihii injj^ires ignem fallasque veneno.' 
 Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas 
 exuit et gressu gaudens incedit luliy . ^ ,^^.j- 690 
 At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem 
 |inrigat, et fotum greniio dea tollit in altos 
 
'7^ 
 
 LIBER I. 29 
 
 Idaliae liicos, ubi mollis amaracus ilium 
 flojibus et dulci, adspirans complectitur umbra. 
 
 Cupid arrives as the feast is heginninrj ; he is fondled by Dido, 
 ichose heart he kindles to love. 
 
 lamqu^bat dicto parens et dona Cupido 695 
 
 regia ip ortab at Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. 
 Cum venit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis 
 y^ aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit ; 
 iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana inventus 
 conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro. 700 e^ 
 Dant maiiibu^ famuli lymphas, Cereremque canisr'^ 
 tris (L.J'- 
 
 expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis. ^y^-*''^ 
 , Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam 
 cura penum struer^ et flammis adolere Penates ; 
 centuh^ aliae^otidemque pares aetate ministri, 705^ 
 qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant. /, 
 
 Xec lion et Tyrii per limiiia laeta frequentes 
 convenere, toris iussi discumbere pictis. 
 Mira'iiltiir dolia ATen^e, mi/rahtur lulum 
 flagrantisque dei voltus simulataque verba 710 
 
 pallamqu\et pictum croceo velamen acantlio. ij, U -' 
 1 » Praecipue^ irifelix, pesti devota futurae, 
 '^ expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo 
 PhoenissB,, et pariter puero donisque movetur. 
 111^ ubi comple:?^ Aeiieae colloque pependit 715 
 et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem, 
 
30 AENEIDOS. 
 
 reginam petit. Haec oculis, haec pectore toto 
 liaeret et interduiu greinio fovet, inscia Diclo, 
 insideat quantus miserae deus. At memor ille 
 matris Acidaliae paulatinyi abolere Sychaeum 720 
 iiicipit, et vivo temptat praeverter^ ainore 
 iam pridem resides aiiimos desuetaque corda. 
 
 The feast over, Dido makes libations to Jupiter, Bacchus, and 
 Juno, praying that the Carthaginians and Trojans may he 
 linked in peace. 
 
 Postquaiii prima quies epulis, mensaeqiie remotae, 
 crateros magnos statimnt et vina coronant. 
 It strepitiis tectis vocemque per ampla volutant 725 
 atria ; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis 
 incensi^ et noctem flammis fnnalia vincunt. 
 Hie regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit 
 implevitque mero pateram, qiiani Belus et omnes 
 a Belo soliti ; turn facta silentia tectis : 730 
 
 '■ luppiter, hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntnr, 
 hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Troiaque profectis 
 esse velis, nostrosque liuius meminisse minores. 
 Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator et bona luno ; 
 et vos, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes. p 735 
 
 lopas, the minstrel, chants to his lyre songs of astronomical 
 and physical lore. Ap}ylause and conversation. Dido asks 
 Aeneas for his story [lohich is told in Books II. and III.]. 
 
 Dixit, et in mensam laticum libavit honorem, 
 primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore j 
 
LIBER L 31 
 
 turn Bitiae dedit increpitans ; ille inpiger hausit 
 
 spuinaiitem pateram et pleno se proluit auro ; 
 
 post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus lopas 740 
 
 personat aurata, docuit quern maximus Atlas. 
 
 Hie caiiit errantem luiiam solisque labores ; 
 
 unde hominum genus et pecudes ; unde imber et 
 
 ignes ; 
 Arcturum i)luviasque Hj^adas geminosque Trioues, 
 quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles 
 liiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. 746 
 lugeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur. 
 Nee non et vario noctem sermone traliebat 
 infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, 
 multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa, 
 nunc, quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis, 751 
 
 nunc, quales Diomedis equi, nunc, quantus Achilles. 
 ' Immo age, et a prima, die, hospes, origine nobis 
 insidias,' inquit, ' Danaum casusque tuorum 
 erroresque tuos : nam te iam septima portat 755 
 omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas.' 
 
I>J"OTES. 
 
I^OTES. 
 
 Some poor manuscripts begin with four ancient but spurious 
 
 verses : — 
 
 Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatuB avena 
 Carmen, et egressus silvis vicina coegi 
 Ut quamvis avido parerent arva colono, 
 Gratura opus agiicolis: at nunc horrentia Martis. 
 
 1-7. This short abstract of the poem is copied from Homer. 
 
 1. Arma virumque cano, Anns and the man I sing. Anna 
 refers to the wars of Aeneas in Italy and virum to Aeneas him- 
 self. Cognate accus. A. 238; H. 371, II. — primus. A. 191; 
 H. 443. 
 
 2. Italiam and litora : terminal accus. after verb of motion, 
 would in prose require jn-epositions. A. 258, b ; H. 380, 3. — 
 fato. A. 245 ; H. 416. — Lavina is applied in anticipation to the 
 shores of Latium, in the vicinity of Lavinium, the city which 
 Aeneas afterivards built. 
 
 3. litora explains and restricts Italiam.— ille is pleonastic, 
 grammatically in apposition with qui. — terris et alto. Abl. of 
 place connected in idea with manner. For the omission of in, 
 A. 258,/; H. 425, N. 3. Verses 2 and 3 refer to Aeneas' strug- 
 gles before his arrival in Latium. 
 
 4. vi superiim more closely defined by the following words, 
 and illustrated by th^ whole episode of Juno, 11 seq., who alone 
 hated him. Vi is abl. of cause and instrument. — superum = su- 
 peroram, i.e. deorum. A. 40, e; H. 52, 3. — memorem, ever- 
 mindful, unforgetting, therefore relentless. 
 
 5. multa, etc., has reference to Aeneas' struggles after his 
 arrival in Latium.— bello. Abl. of time. A. 256; H. 429.— 
 dum conderet urbem. A. 328 ; H. 519, II. 2. 
 
 35 
 
36 AENEIDOS. 
 
 6. deos, the Penates, styled jnihlici (maiores) as well as jJ^i- 
 vati {minor es, familiares). — Latio. T)2it. iox In Latium. A. 
 225, 6; H. 380, II. 4. — unde = a quo, referring to Aeneas. 
 Vergil here follows the common tradition. Cf. Livy, I. 1. The 
 Latin race, Alban Senate, and Rome, refer to the three phases in 
 the national history when the seat of power was respectively 
 Lavinium, Alba Longa, Rome. It must be remembered that the 
 Aeneid was a national epic. The lulii were of the Albani 
 patres. 
 
 7. altae has reference to its position upon the seven hills. 
 
 8-11. Muse, tell me lohy Juno was enraged with so good a 
 nif n. . The Muses were the goddesses of memoria. 
 
 8. Musa< i.e. Calliope, the muse of epic poetry. — quo, in 
 respect.-^o what. A. 253; H. 424. — numine laeso. A. 255; H. 
 431. Ine answer to this question is contained in verses 12-22. 
 
 9. quidve dolens. A. 237, b; H. 371, III. N. 1.— regina 
 deum, i.e. as the sister and wife of Jove. — deum = deorum. — 
 tot volvere casus. In poetry and late prose, after the Greek 
 idiom, verbs of striving, commanding, and advising are used 
 with the infinitive. The regular prose construction would be 
 ut volveret. A. 331, a ; H. 498, II. 
 
 10. pietate. A. 245; H. 416. — virum. A. 240,/; H. 536.— 
 labores. A. 228, a; H. 372. 
 
 11. inpulerit is indirect questir^- A. 334; H. 529, I. The 
 answer to this question is found ' '" 25-29. — Tantaene, sc. 
 sunt.- ne. A. 210, a; H. 351, 2.— animis. A. 231; H. 387.— 
 irae. The plural is very emphatic. A. 75, c ; H. 130, 3. 
 
 12. antiqua, "in days of old." The city was ancient at the 
 time of Vergil. — Tyrii. Carthage was founded by colonists 
 from Tyre, a town of Phoenicia, —tenuere, sc. eam, referring to 
 urbs. See 530, est locus, Hesperiam Graji cognomine dicunt, 
 where a parenthetic clause, as here, explains the first words. 
 
 13. Karthago is commonly said to have been founded 812 B.C. 
 — contra. For the position, A. 263, N. ; H. 569, II. 1. — Tiberina, 
 of the Tiber. In Latin an adj. often represents a phrase. — 
 longe modifies contra. 
 
 14. ostia. The Tiber had two mouths. —dives opum. A. 
 
NOTES. 37 
 
 218, «; H. 399, I. 3. — studiis. A. 253; H. 424. — belli. Objec- 
 tive genitive. 
 
 15. terris magis = qiiam omnes terras. A. 247 ; H. 417. — 
 unam, in this sense, one in particular, is usually found with 
 superlatives. It intensifies quam. 
 
 16. posthabita Samo. See Metrical Index. A. 255; H. 431. 
 
 — coluisse is complementary infinitive. A. 271 ; H. 534, 1, N. 1. 
 
 — Samos was an island in the Aegean sea, where Juno was 
 born, nurtured, and married to Jupiter. Her oldest and grandest 
 temple was there. See Class. Diet.— hie is an adverb, i.e. at 
 Carthage. — arma, sc. fuerunt. 
 
 17. currus. The chariot of Juno is described by Homrr, }L 
 Y. 720-733. — hoc refers to Carthage. Gender" ^95, d; 
 H. 445, 4. Construction ? A. 240, /; H. 536. — gent. 233 ; 
 H. 390, II. N. 2. 
 
 18. si qua, sc. raf io?ie. — sinant. A. 306, 337; H. 507, 527.— 
 iam turn, even then, i.e. in that early age, long before Carthage 
 became the actual rival of Kome. — Neither tendit nor fovet 
 could take an infin. in prose. — que . . . que. A. 156, h ; H. 554, 
 1.5. 
 
 19. Progeniem. See hoc in v. 17. — sed metuehat Karthagini, 
 enim. See v. 23, and compare the Greek iWaydp. — duci, teas 
 even then springing. *'The present infin. denotes the event as 
 existing in the designs of fate." 
 
 20. audierat = awf?ty' iirteret = everteret in Vergil's 
 poetical language. A. 317 ; li. 497, ±. — Tyrias . . . arces, i.e. Car- 
 thage, of Tyrian origin. See v. 12. 
 
 21. hinc, i.e. from Trojan blood. Verses 21 and 22 are an 
 explanation of 19.— late. A. 188, fZ; H. 359, N. 4. — regein = 
 regnantem qualifies the personified pox)uhnn. — bello. A. 253; 
 H. 424. — superbum, really indicating the pride which comes 
 from success, here denotes that success. 
 
 22. venturum, sc. esse. — excidio Libyae. A. 233; H. 390. — 
 sic volvere Parcas, that so did the Fates decree, the metaphor 
 being perhaps from the turn of the wheel of destiny. 
 
 23. Juno is angry with Aeneas (1) from her dread as to the 
 future, (2) from the past (25-28) rankling in her mind. — veteris, 
 
38 AENEIDOS. 
 
 the old, i.e. the former. See VI. 449. Saturnia, i.e. Juno, the 
 daughter of Saturn. Subj. of arcebat in v. 31. — belli. A. 218, 
 a ; H. 399, I. 
 
 24. prima, the foremost, in the front rank on the Greek side. 
 
 — ad Troiam, at Troy, in the vicinity of Troy. Roby (1820) 
 takes it as "i^resence after motion," evidently very near the 
 constructio pref/nans. — -pro. A. 236, R.; H. 384, 3, 2). — Argis 
 = Grails, by metonomy. 
 
 25. necdum . . . honores : a parenthesis giving three separate 
 causes of Juno's wrath. — etiam = et iani, even iwiv after so long 
 a time. — irarum. Seen, on ira, v. 11. — dolores, Jiangs, put 
 for the lorongs which caused those pangs. 
 
 26. animo. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. — alta mente = alta in 
 mente. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1.— repostum by syncope = repo- 
 situm. A. p. 298; H. 635, 2. 
 
 27. iudicium Paridis. Paris decided in favour of Venus against 
 Juno and Minerva. Tennyson's (Enone gives the story. — iniuria 
 is explanatory of indicium, the wrong of her slighted beauty, 
 because the contest was which of the three should be adjudged 
 the fairest. — formae. Gen. of definition. A. 214,/; H. 396, VI. 
 
 28. genus invisum. Juno hated the whole Trojan race, be- 
 canse its founder Dardanus was a son of Jupiter by Electra. — 
 rapti Ganymedis. Ganymede was seized by Jupiter in the form 
 of ail-eagle and carried to Olympus, where he was made cup- 
 bearer to the gods in place of Hebe, daughter of Juno. 
 
 29. his, sc. rebus. Abl. of cause. — super = insuper, moreover. 
 
 — aequore. A. 258, /; H. 425, 2. 
 
 30. reliquias Danaum, i.e. the remnant left by the Greeks. 
 Vergil calls the Greeks Argivi, Achivl, Danai, Grail, Pelasgi. 
 
 — Achilli = Achillis. A. 64 '; H. 68. 
 
 31. arcebat. Note the force of the imperfect. — Latio. A. 
 258, a; H. 412, 2. — mu\X,os = sept em. 
 
 32. fatis, i.e. practically, their destiny. — civcuxa. H. 5%, 
 II. 1. 
 
 33. The difiiculty of building up the Roman Empire enhanced 
 its greatness.— molis. A. 214, d; H. 402. — condere. A. 270; 
 H. 538. 
 
NOTES. 39 
 
 3-i. Vergil, like Homer, rushes at once to business, and does 
 not spoil his story by going back too far. Aeneas' travels o'er 
 every sea told in detail might be tedious, so they are thrown in 
 as a tale told by him to Dido. The present passage takes up the 
 storj^ from tlie end of Book III. The Trojans had set sail from 
 Sicily, meaning to i-each the coveted Hesperia, when the storm 
 drove them south to Carthage. 
 
 •o"- 
 
 35. vela dabant, sc. ventis. — laeti, happy, because near Italy. 
 — sails l)y metouomy for maris. — aere, i.e. with keel of bronze. 
 
 oG. aeternum volnus. Cf . 19-28. — sub pectore, locJced in 
 her breaf^i. 
 
 37-38. haec, sc. ^ogK/iwr. — Meneincepto . . . avertere regem. 
 Is it to be imagined that I conquered desist from my under- 
 taking, and am not able to turn back the king of the Teucrians 
 from Italy ? The second clause is an Epic amijlification of the 
 first. A. 274 ; II. 539, III. — incepto. A. 243, b ; H. 414. — Italia. 
 A. 384, 4: H. 581, III. 1. 
 
 39. quippe, because forsooth. — fatis. Dat. =/«^o. — Pallasne, 
 etc. See Homer, Od. IV. 499-511, 
 
 40. Argivdm refers only to the Locrians, whom Ajax led to the 
 war. — ipsos, the men on the ships. — ponto. Local abl., with 
 idea of means. 
 
 41. unius . . . Aiacis, of one man only, Ajax, son of O'ileus, 
 who liad on the night Troy was taken outraged Cassandra, who 
 had tied into the temple of Minerva for safety. Note that f/uilt 
 and frenzy almost mean frenzied guilt, like the Homeric arrj, 
 infatuate blindness.— Aisicis Oili is a Grecism. A, 214, b; H. 
 398, 1. 
 
 42. Ipsa, i.e. with her own hands. — lovis rapidum ignem, 
 i.e. the thunderbolt, which both Juno and Pallas were allowed 
 to hurl. 
 
 43. aequora is used when especial attention is drawn to the 
 smoothness of the sea. — ventis. A. 248, c ; H. 420. 
 
 44. ilium, i.e. Ajax. — exspirantem, gasping out. — transfixo, 
 i.e. by the thunderbolt. — pectore. A. 243, b; H. 414, N. 1.— 
 flammas, i.e. the lightning. 
 
40 AENEIDOS. 
 
 45. turbine. Abl. of means. — scopulo acuto, on a pointed 
 rock, viz. Caphareus, the S.E. point of Euboea. It may be taken 
 as eitlier dative or ablative, as infiijo governs both. A. 228 or 
 200, a; H. 38(3 or 425, 1. 
 
 4G. ego is in strong contrast with Pallas. — divum = divonim. 
 
 — regina. A. 185 ; H. 3G2, 2, N. 1. Note the effective number 
 of conjunctions. 
 
 47. soror, as both Jupiter and Juno were children of Saturn. 
 
 — annos. A. 256; H. 379. 
 
 48. bella is plural to suit tot annos. — et quisquam . . . hono- 
 rem, and will any one hereafter adore the dicinitij of Juno or 
 a suppliant place on her altars the homage due? Note the 
 absence of any interrogative particle. — quisquam implies a 
 negative answer. H. 457. 
 
 49. praeterea=i:>osf/iac. — aris. A. 228; H. 386. See v. 45. 
 
 50. flammato. Vergil poetically uses a simple word = inflam- 
 mato. — corde. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 51. nimborum is carefully placed at the beginning, Austris 
 at the end, of the verse. — loca. A. 184; H. 363. For the form, 
 A. 79, c ; H. 141. — Austris, the south winds, here used for winds 
 in general. A. 248, c ; H. 421, II. 
 
 52. Aeoliam. A. 258, N. 2 ; H. 380, 2, 2. AeoUa was one of 
 the Lipari islands, N.E. of Sicily. — Aeolus was the fabled king 
 of the winds. — vasto antro is to be taken with pretnit. A. 258, 
 /; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 53. The rhythm suits the sense.— luctantes, stnir/r/ling to 
 break loose. 
 
 54. imperio . . . vinclis . . . carcere. A. 248 ; H. 420. — vinclis et 
 carcere, the bonds of a prison-hovse. The et coupling the words 
 is merely rhetorical, for the prison and the bonds are identical. 
 This is called Hendiadys. A. p. 298 ; H. (536, III. 2. 
 
 55. Illi, i.e. the winds. — magno cum murmure montis, 
 " lohile the mountain »'i:rmurs miyhtily." Note the allitera- 
 tion. 
 
 5(). circum claustra, i.e. the strongly secured places of egress- 
 — celsa arce. Aeolus' ' lofty citadel ' is inside the storm moun- 
 tain. 
 
NOTES. 41 
 
 57. sceptra. The plural used for the singular. 
 
 58. ni faciat . . . ferant . . . verrant, unless he do this, they 
 ivill hear axoay, etc. The present is here used, instead of the im- 
 perfect, to prepare tlie reader for the following scene by denot- 
 ing the possibility of his not doing so. A. 307, h ; H. 509 and N. 2. 
 
 50. quippe = eer^e, asswredZ?/. — rapidi, where our idiom re- 
 quires the adverb. 
 GO. speluncis atris, in dark caves. See v. 52. 
 
 61. molemque at montes is by hendiadys for molem montium. 
 See V. 54. ^insuper, above them. 
 
 G2. foedere certo, by a fixed laio. A. 248; H. 410, III. 
 
 63. premere, sc. eos. — laxus = ut laxae essent, proleptic. — qui 
 sciret. A. 317; H. 407, I. Note that the real purpose lies in 
 the two infinitives, and not in scii'et. — iussus, i.e. by Jupiter. 
 A. 202 ; H. 540, 1. 
 
 64. his vocibus usa est, addressed these loords. A. 240 ; H. 
 421, I. 
 
 65. namque = Kal ydp^ and imx^lies an ellipsis, and I am right 
 in coming to thee, /or. 
 
 66. mulcere, tollere. Accus. after dedit. A. 112, d, and 273; 
 H. 371, IV., and 533, II. — vento is to be taken with both infini- 
 tives, for Vergil regarded the wind as doing that which by not 
 blowing it allowed to be done. 
 
 67. Tyrrhenum aequor. Also Tuscuni -{Ivferum) Mare, the 
 sea which extended from Liguria to Sicily. The construction is 
 a Grecism. A. 237, d; H. 371, N. 2. 
 
 60. incute vim ventis, strike strength into the winds. A. 
 228; H. 386, 1. — submersas ohxu& = submerge et obrue, sink 
 and o'erichelm. A. 202, R. ; H. 540, 5. 
 
 70. age diversos, drive them (the men) ajxirt, proleptic — 
 ponto. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 71. mihi. A. 231 ; H. 387. — bis septem. So in Eel. I. Vergil 
 describes twelve as twice six. — corpora. A. 251, a ; H. 410, II. 
 
 72. quarum limits puleherrima. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397. — quae, 
 sc. es^- forma. A. 253; H. 424. — Deiopea is attracted here 
 
42 AENEIDOS. 
 
 into the relative clause, being really the object of the following 
 verbs. A. 200, b ; H. 445, 9. 
 
 73. conubio may be scanned either ^ w — or 
 
 A. 248; H. 411), III. — propriam, thine forever. 
 
 74. omnis begins, annos ends, the verse. — meritis pro tali- 
 bus. Note the transposition of the words. 
 
 7.5. exigat . . . faciat. Subj. of purj^ose. A. 317 ; H. 497, II. — 
 pulchra prole. A. 248 ; H. 420. Some explain them by A. 251 ; 
 H. 419, II. 
 
 76. haec contra, m answer to these words, sc. locxUus est. 
 A. 20(5; H. o(i8, o. — Tuus explorare labor, sc. est. Note the 
 shifting of all the responsil)ility lor the act upon Juno herself. — 
 quid optes. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. Direct question = quid optas 9 
 
 77. explorare. A. 270; H. 538. — capessere. Frequentative. 
 A. 167, c ; H. 33(j, II. N. 2. 
 
 78. quodcumque hoc regni, whatever of sovereic/nty this is, 
 i.e. this poor realm of mine. — regni. A. 216, a, 3; H. 397, 3. — 
 sceptra lovemque, the might of Jove. See 54, N. 
 
 79. epulis. A. 228; H. 386. — accumbere. Qee note on mid- 
 cere, V. (56. To recline at table was the Roman custom. 
 
 80. nimborum. A. 218, a; H. 399, I. 3. — facis, sc. me. 
 
 81. dicta, sc. sunt. — conversa, turned toward the mountain. 
 
 — cuspide. A. 255; H. 431. 
 
 82. impulit in latus, he smote on its side, thus opening tlie 
 claustra conceived of as folding doors opening inwards. — velut 
 agmine facto, a line of march beinr/ formed, so to speak. A 
 military metaphor and so requiring velut to soften it down. 
 
 83. qua. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. Commonly regarded as an 
 adverb. — data, sc. est. — porta, an egress through the opened 
 claustra. — ruunt, rush forth = eruunt, vid. N. on verteret, v. 20. 
 
 — turbine. A. 248; H. 419, III. 
 
 84. Incubuere, they are fallen, the perfect denoting the swift- 
 ness of the action. — mari. A. 228; H. 386. — totum, sc. mare, 
 obj. of ruunt in next verse. 
 
 85. The many conjunctions {polysyndeton) are used for effect. 
 
NOTES. 43 
 
 — ruunt, are ploughing up. Compare the use of same verb in 
 y. 83. — procellis.' A. 248, c; H. 421, II. 
 
 87. insequitur agrees only with the nearer substantive clamor. 
 H. 463, I. — virum = virorum. 
 
 89. ponto, o'er the deep. See X. on 7nari, v. 84. 
 
 ' Night on the ocean lies, 
 Pole thunders unto pole, and still with wild fire glare the skies, 
 And all things hold the face of death before the seaman's eyes.' 
 
 — M. 
 
 90. intonuere poll, the poles have thundered, i.e. "pole 
 thttuders unto pole." — ignibus. A. 245 ; H. 416. 
 
 91. viris. In Latin, verbs of threatening govern a dative of 
 the person and the accusative of the thing, or it may be con- 
 strued by A. 228 ; H. 386. 
 
 92. Aeneae. A.235,rt; H.384,4,N.2. — frigore, ici7/i c/ii7^m.g 
 fear. A. 248; H. 420. 
 
 93. duplices, clasped, but as Yergil speaks of duplices parentes, 
 and Lucretius of duplices oculi, it perhaps means ambas, both, 
 or duas, two. 
 
 94. talia voce ref art, /ie utters icords like these. — voce. A. 
 248: H. 420. For the pleonasm, see A. p. 298; H. 636, III. — 
 beati, sc. erant illi. 
 
 95. qviis^ quihus. A. 104, d; H. 187, foot-note 5. Dative 
 with contigit. A. 227 : H. 385, I. 
 
 96. oppetere, sc. mortem. For the construction, A. 270, a ; 
 H. 538, 1 (2) . — gentis. A. 216, a, 2 ; H. 397, 3. 
 
 97. Tydide, i.e. Diomedes, with whom Aeneas had engaged in 
 single combat, which would have resulted fatally but for the 
 direct intervention of Venus. — mene occumbere non potuisse. 
 A. 274: H. 539, III. — occumbere, sc. ?norfi. — campis. A. 258, 
 /; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 98. banc = mcam . — dextra. A. 248 ; H. 420. 
 
 99. Aeacidae, of Achilles, the grandson of Aeacus.—X^lo. A. 
 248: H. 420. — iacet, lies in death, historic present. — ingens 
 refers to his size. 
 
44 AENEIDOS. 
 
 100. Sarpedon, sc. facet . — Simois, a river of the Troad. — 
 correpta wolvit = cor ripu it etvolvit. 
 
 10'_>. iactanti, sc. ei, dat. of disadvantage. — stridens Aqui- 
 lone. /loiclinf/ with the north icind. 
 
 103. adversa,/<//^ in front, agreeing withprocella, but equiv- 
 alent to an adverb modifying ferit. 
 
 104. prora avertit, the prow sic inqs round. Intransitive. 
 
 105. cumulo. in a mass. A. 248 ; H. 410, III. — praeruptus is 
 exj)laine(l by the next verse. 
 
 100. Hi . . . his, refer to men in the different ships. 
 
 107. furit aestus harenis, the swf rar/es with the sand, 
 abl. of instrument. Papillon says " accompaniment." Others, 
 "place where." 
 
 108. Tris, sc. naves. — abreptas torquet = abripit et torquet. — 
 latentia, i.e. to Aeneas in the storm, as they are visible in a 
 cahn. Probably the Aegimori insulae, thirty miles north of 
 Carthage. 
 
 109. Construe: Saxa (quae) Italivocant Aras, quae {sunt) in 
 mediis jinctibus. 
 
 110. mari. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 2. — summo. A. 193; H. 
 440, 2, N. 1. — ab alto, /rom the deep sea. 
 
 111. in brevia et syrtis, into the shalloics of the quicksands. 
 See N. on 54. — miserabile. A. 189, d ; H. 438, 3.- visu. A. 
 303 ; H. 547. 
 
 112. vadis. A. 228; H. 386. —agger e. A. 248; H. 420. 
 
 113. Oronten. A. 04; H. 68. 
 
 114. ipsius, i.e. Aeneae.—mgens pontus, a heavy sea, is an 
 expression invented by Vergil; puntus usually refers to the 
 deep sea. — a vertice, /rom above. Homer's /car' dKp-q<;. 
 
 115. ferit, sc. navem. — qvie in Vergil's poetical language is 
 not always attached to the word which it should logically 
 follow. — magister, the helmsman, Leucaspis, VI. 334. 
 
 116. in caput, headlonf/, an adverbial expression. — illam, i.e. 
 navem, contrasted with the helmsman. 
 
NOTES. V 45 
 
 117. rapidus vorat aequore vortex, i.e. the eddy swiftly 
 engulfs them. — agens circum = circumaf/ens, tmesis and trans- 
 position. It is added to show how the action is performed. 
 
 118. rari is contrasted with vasto. Note the effect of the 
 spondees. 
 
 119. arma would float for an instant even if made of iron. 
 Li\'\^ r. o7, says, the floating arms of the Sahiues first announced 
 at Rome a victory. —tabulae, planks, from the ships there 
 wrecked. 
 
 121. et qua, sc. earn. For the case, A. 248; H. 420. — vectus, 
 sc. eat. 
 
 122. hiems. So Greek x^-tt-^v = hot\\ icinter and storm.— 
 compagibus. A. 255; H. 431. All, icith their rib-joinings 
 loosed, let in the fatal flood and gape ivith many a chink. 
 
 ' Fast drinking in through timbers loose 
 At every pore the fatal ooze 
 
 Their sturdy barks give way.' 
 
 123. imbrem = water by metonomy. — rimis. A. 248 ; H. 419, 
 III. 
 
 124. miscere pontum. A. 330, 1 ; H. 535, I. — murmure. See 
 N. on rimis, v. 123. 
 
 125. emissam, refusa, sc. esse. A. 206, e, fin. ; H. 534, N. 
 
 126. stagna, from sto, literally standing xoaters. — refusa, 
 streaming hack, i.e. from the bottom to the surface. — vadis, 
 A. 243 ; H. 412, 2. — alto = in altum. A. 225, b ; H. .380, 4. 
 
 127. summa. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. — placidum. A hint 
 that he means to allay the strife. 
 
 128. toto aequore. A. 258,/; H, 425, II. 1. 
 
 129. fluctibus. A. 248; H. 420. — caelique ruina, and the 
 
 downfall of the sky. A very bold expression. 
 
 130. latuere fratrem. A. 239, d; H. 371, III. N. 2. Neptune 
 was Juno's brother. — irae, passions, plural with reference to 
 their repeated display. 
 
 131. dehinc. In scanning elide the e. 
 
46 AENEIDOS. 
 
 132. generis. A. 217; H. 396, III. The winds were sprung 
 from the goddess Aurora and Titus Astraeus. — tenuit, has got 
 possession of you. The idea is, 'How dare you so to presume 
 upon your birth, and forget your true condition of vassalage ? ' 
 
 133. meo sine numine, i.e. witliout my consent, as if acting 
 on your own authority. 
 
 134. tantas moles, such mountaiiis of waves. — audetis mis- 
 cere. A. 271 ; H. 533. 
 
 135. quos ego, whom I — . Understand some such words as 
 ' will cliastise.' This sudden brealting off is called Aposiopesis. 
 A. p. 299 : H. 036, I. 3. — componere. A. 270 ; H. 538. 
 
 136. post . . . luetis, another time you shall atone for your 
 misdeeds bij a punishment far different (i.e. far more severe 
 than mere reproof) at my hands. — mihi. A. 225; H. 384, II. — 
 non simili = dissimillima. Litotes. — poena. A. 248 ; H. 420. 
 
 138. pelagi. A. 217; H. 396, III. — saevum, stern, as the 
 I)adge of stern authority. 
 
 139. s^^. By the lot Jupiter got the over-world, Pluto the 
 under-%7OTld, Neptune the sea. — datum, sc. esse. A. 330, 1; 
 H. 535, I. 
 
 140. vestras, Eure, domos, the homes of you loinds, Eurus. 
 Neptune, though addressing Eurus only, is thinking of all the 
 winds. In Latin vos never equals tu. — %e iactet. A. 266; H. 
 484, II. 
 
 141. clauso is emphatic ; then and not till then let him reign, 
 when he has closed up the prison. 
 
 142. dicto citius, sooner than the loords were uttered, the 
 waters were calm. A proverb. A. 247, h ; H. 417, N. 5. 
 
 144. Cymothoe was the daughter of Nereus and Doris. — Triton 
 was a son of Neptune; both were sea-deities. — adnixus, puslL- 
 iufj against them = annixus. For the agreement see A. 187, b; 
 H. 439. 
 
 145. scopulo. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. — levat, raises them. — 
 ipse = Neptune. — tridenti. A. 248 ; H. 420. 
 
 146. vastas . . . aequor, opens a way through the vast quick- 
 sands and lays the waters smooth. 
 
NOTES. 47 
 
 147. rotis levibus. A. 248; H. 420. — Is levibus from le'vis or 
 levis ? — undas. A. 237, d ; H. 372. 
 
 148-153. The sudden lull in the rage of the elements brought 
 about by Neptune is compared to the sudden lull in the passions 
 of an excited crowd brought about by the sight of some citizen 
 of recognised worth. 
 
 148. veluti cum = Homer's i^? ore, — saepe = vt saepe accidit. 
 
 149. Simmis, in their 7ni7}ds. A. 253; H. 424. 
 
 150. iamque, and at last. — furor arma ministrat. Because 
 no citizen could carry arms within the walls of the city. 
 
 151. turn . . . conspexere, then if by chance they have caught 
 sight of any man of weight and ivorth, lit. weighty on account 
 of his virtues and services to the state. Pigtas was the typical 
 Roman virtue, including attention to duty of all kinds, not at 
 all corresponding to our piety, but including it. 
 
 152. auribus. A. 248; H. 419, III. — adstant, stand attentive. 
 Observe the force of ad. 
 
 154. cecidit, at once is hushed. Perfect. — aequora is object 
 of prospiciens. 
 
 155. genitor, i.e. Neptune. — caelo aperto. A. 258,/; H. 425, 
 II. 1. 
 
 156. curru = cwn-Mi. A. 68, N.; H. 116, foot-note. — Join with 
 dat lora. 
 
 157. Aeneadae. A. 164, h ; H. 322. Note that the meaning 
 and form are not quite identical. — quae proxima litora, sc 
 sunt. A. 200, h ; H. 445, 9. — cursu. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 
 
 158. vertuntur, txn-n. H. 465. 
 
 159. in secessu longo, in a deep retired bay. In this descrip- 
 tion Vergil draws upon his imagination or copies from Homer,, 
 and does not describe any actual bay. 
 
 'Deep in a bay an island makes 
 A haven by its jutting sides, 
 Whereon each wave fronn Ocean breaks, 
 And parting, into hollows glides. 
 
48 AENEIDOS. 
 
 High o'er the cove vast rocks extend, 
 A beetling cliff at either end; 
 Beneath their summit far and wide, 
 In sheltered silence sleeps the tide, 
 While quivering forests crown the scene, 
 A theatre of glancing green.' 
 
 — C. 
 
 160. obiectu laterum, by the juttinf/ of itfi sides, whereby 
 each wave (omnis unda) from the deep is broken and parts into 
 the deep holloics of the shore (in sinus reductos). — quibus. A. 
 248; H. 420. — ab aitto = veniens ab alto. 
 
 162. hinc atque hinc, on each side of the mouth of the harbour. 
 
 — rupes, rocky clip's. — gemini, i.e. two similar. — minantur in 
 caelum, toioer froioning to the sky. 
 
 163. scopuli, peaks. 
 
 164. tuta silent, lie safe and still.— tMm, moreover, marks 
 the transition to a new point in the description. — silvis scaena 
 coruscis, a background of quivering trees. A. 251 ; H. 419, II. 
 
 1()5. desuper, /rom above, i.e. on the hills. — horrenti . . . um- 
 "bra and a murky grove loith shaggy shade looks down. 
 
 16(i. sub fronte adversa, beneath the front that faces the sea. 
 
 — scopulis pendentibus. A. 244 ; H. 415, III. 
 
 167. yivoque sa.xo, of nati(ral stone. 
 
 168. nympharum. The Nymphs were personifications of the 
 lovely in Nature. — fessas. The vessels are loeary as if en- 
 dowed with life. Cf. Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, "thy 
 sea-sick weary bark." 
 
 WX unco . . . morsu, no anchor fastens them v)ith hooked 
 bite. A.24.S; H. 420. 
 
 170. septem. Three from the reef, three from the sandl)ank, 
 and his own. The number was originally twenty. — navibus. 
 Ablative of instrument. 
 
 171. amore. A. 248; H. 410, III. 
 
 172. harena. A. 249; H. 421, I. 
 
 173. et sale . . . ponunt, and stretch on the beach their limbs 
 that drip with brine. Place on the beach would be in litus. 
 
JSfOTES. 49 
 
 174. silici, from a flint. A. 229 ; H. 386, 2. 
 
 175. foliis. A. 248; H. 420. — circum belongs with dedit in 
 next verse. Tmesis. 
 
 176. rapuit, quickly kindled. — fomite, in thefiieV 
 
 177. Cererem is by metonomy fov fiuimenium. — undis. A. 
 248; H. 420. — Cerealia arma, i.e. the hand-mill, kneading-trough, 
 and baking-dishes. 
 
 178. fessi rerum, wearij of fortune. A. 218, c; H. 399, III, 2. 
 — receptas, rescued from the sea. 
 
 179. torrere, to parch, so as to make it more easy for the 
 grinding {frangere saxo). 
 
 181. pelago, o'er the sea. A. 227, d; H. 392, I. — petit, 
 takes in. — si quem, if he can see Antheus anyichere, lit. 
 any Antheus. 
 
 182. videat. A. 334, /; H. 529, II. 1. — Phrygias= Troianas, 
 Troy being comprehended by Phrygia Minor. — biremis : an an- 
 achronism. 
 
 183. arma. The arms would flash. 
 
 184. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 185. armenta is used, strictly of oxen, also of horses, and even 
 of apes by Pliny. 
 
 187. hie, 7?ereaf. — manu. A. 248; H. 420. Yov the Pleonasm. 
 A. p. 298 : H. 636, III. 
 
 188. fidus quae tela gerebat Achates is not a mere stop-gap, 
 but shows the accidental nature of the circumstance. Achates 
 attended Aeneas as armour-bearer. 
 
 190. cornibus limits alta. A. 245; H. 416 — volgus depends 
 on sternit. There are in 190 and 191 several military allusions. 
 
 191. miscet, throivs into confusion. — telis limits ac/ens. 
 
 192. prius-quam. Tmesis. — victor. A. 88, c ; H. 441, 3. 
 
 193. fundat . . . aequet. A. 327; H. 520, I. 2. — humi, on the 
 ground. A. 258, d ; H. 426, 2. Other words in which the locative 
 has survived are belli, militiae, ruri, vesperi, foris. 
 
 194. Hinc refers to time =postea, then. — in = iJiter. 
 
50 AENEIBOS. 
 
 195. deinde with dividit. — quae cadis onerarat, had stored 
 in casks. A Vergiliau inversion for quibus cadus onerarat. A. 
 248, c; H. 421, III. N. 1. Cadis is dative. A. 225, d; H. 384, 2. 
 — onerarat = oyieraverai. — A^cestes, tlie king of Sicily, was born 
 of a Trojan mother, and had entertained the Trojans during the 
 winter just passed. 
 
 196. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. — Trinacrio, i.e. at Drepa- 
 num, wlience they set sail on the present voyage. — heros is 
 emphatically placed in apposition to Acestes. 
 
 198. enim implies an omitted proposition, and I am going to 
 encourage you, for. — scnte may betaken KS=praeteritorum and 
 limiting^malorum l)y A. 207, N.; H. 443, N. 3, or with ignari 
 sumus^ we are not inexperienced ere now in ills. — malorum. 
 A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 
 
 199. passi graviora. [rje) having suffered heavier {icoes). 
 
 200. Scyllaeam rabiem, the ravinfi Scrjlla. A. 190; H. 395, 
 N. 2. — penitus with sonantis, deep-soundinr/. 
 
 201. Siccestis = accessistis. A. 128; H. 235, 3. — Cyclopea is 
 so written in all the MSS. 
 
 202. experti, sc. est is. All these events are described in the 
 third book. — maestum timorem, sorrow and fear. 
 
 203. et = efiaw. — haec refers to their present sufferings.— 
 olim = aliquando in prose. 
 
 205. tendimus, sc. cursum. — in Latium. Vergil forgets that 
 Aeneas did not know the name of his future kingdom. — fata. 
 This is related in the second and third books. 
 
 20G. fas, sc. est, it is fated. 
 
 208. talia voce refert, such words he speaks, i.e. hiding the 
 sorrow at his heart. — curis. A. 245 ; H. 416. 
 
 209. voltu. A. 248; H. 420. — premit, keeps concealed.— 
 corde. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 210. Illi is emphatic in contrast with Aeneas. — praedae dapi- 
 busque futuris, the prey that is to be their banquet. Cf. N. 
 on 54. 
 
 211. tergora, the skin. — costis. A. 243; H. 413, N. 1. — vis- 
 cera, the flesh, anything beneath the skin. 
 
NOTES. 61 
 
 212. pars . . . secant. A. 205, c; H. 461, 1. Sc. viscera.— 
 veribus. A. 248; H. 420. — trementia, still quivering. 
 
 213. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. — aena, caldrons, either 
 in which to boil the meat (but in Homer this was always 
 roasted) or to supply hot water for bathing. 
 
 214. Turn . . . ferinae, then loith food they recruit their 
 strength and stretched on the grass fill themselves ivith good old 
 ivine and rich ve?u"6on. — victu. A. 248; H. 420. — implentur is 
 middle voice and = se implent. 
 
 215. Bacchi is for vini by metonomy. For the case, A. 223; 
 H. 410, V. 1. — ferinae. Compare vitulina, veal; agnina, lamb. 
 
 216. exempta, sc. est. — epulis. Cf . victu in v. 214. — mensae 
 remotae, sc. sunt. Vergil is thinking of his own day when at a 
 dinner the tables were brought in and taken out ; of course the 
 stranded Trojans had no tables at all. 
 
 217. sermone. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 
 
 218. inter governs spem and metum. — sen . . . sive = utrum, 
 an. — vivere, sc. illos. Poets and late prose writers often omit 
 the subject of an infinitive. — credant. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. 
 
 219. extrema pati = 2>e/-/re. — nee iam exaudire vocatos, and 
 no longer hear though called ; probably an allusion to the con- 
 clamatio. 
 
 220. plus is especially appropriate because he is mourning for 
 lost friends. — Oronti. A. 64 ; H. 68. 
 
 221. casum gemit, beivails the ill fate. The accus. after 
 gemit is poetic — secum, ivith himself, i.e. not openly. Construe 
 with gemit. 
 
 223. finis, an end of their mourning. — aethere summo, from 
 the height of heaven. 
 
 225. sic, even so, i.e. with eyes fixed on the earth. — vertice. 
 A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 226. regnis may be either dative or ablative. 
 
 227. talis iactantem curas, with reference to sic constituit. — 
 pectore, A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 2. 
 
 228. tristior, sadder than her loont. A. 93, a; H. 444, 1. — 
 lacrimis. A. 248, c ; H. 421, II. — oculos. A. 240, c ; H. 378. 
 
52 AENEIDOS. 
 
 229. qui regis, thou tcho rulest. — Tes hominumque de- 
 lumque, i.e. the universe, the object of terres also. 
 
 231. meus Aeneas, sc. ijotuit. — in, a^ams^ — committere. 
 A. 288, a; H. 537, 1. — Venus means these questions to be an- 
 swered negatively. 
 
 232. quibus is dative. A. 224 ; H. 384. 
 
 233. ob Italiam, i.e. because Juno is set against their entering 
 Italy. — clauditur. The subjunctive clanclatur is more common- 
 A. 319 ; H. 500, I. 
 
 234. hinc, i.e. from these Trojans. — Romanos, sc. /ore. — 
 volventibus annis = volventibus se annis, in the course of years. 
 
 235. revocato, restored. — Teucii. Teiicer was the first king 
 of Troy. 
 
 236. omni dicione, ioith full poiver. — tenerent. A. 319; H. 
 500, I. 
 
 237. poUicitus, sc. e.s. — quae te sententia vertit, ivhat (jieio) 
 purpose has changed thee .^ Vergiliau inversion for cur senten- 
 tiam vertisti? 
 
 238. Hoc, sc. promisso. 
 
 239. solabar = so/a?ido lenieham. — idMiB contraria fata re- 
 pendens, balancing hostile fates loith fates, 8c. meliorihus. 
 
 240. E'en now the same ill fortune folloics them. 
 
 242. Antenor was a nephew of Priam, and had led a colony of 
 Troiani and Eneti after the ruin of Troy to Venetia. ,See Livy, 
 I. 1. — Achivis. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. 
 
 243. intima, i.e. lying far up the Adriatic, for Antenor would 
 not go inland. — tutus: opposed to tot casibus actos. 
 
 244-4(!. fontem . . . sonanti, the fountain of the Timavus, 
 whence through nine sources loith a mountaiti's mightij roar 
 the sea goes bursting up and overwhelms the felds v:ith the 
 roaring main.—yxndie, i.e. from the river. — mare. Mr. Nettle- 
 ship thinks this was the local name of the river itself. 
 
 247. Hie, i.e. in this region. — tam en, i.e. in spite of these diffi- 
 culties. — urbem Patavi. The detinitive genitive (A. 214,/; H. 
 390, VI.) is not so common as apposition. 
 
NOTES. ^^ 
 
 248. nomen dedit, viz. Fene^i. — arma fixit as a sign that 
 warfare was over. 
 
 249. compostus for compositus, by syncope. A. p. 298; H. 
 635, 2. 
 
 250. nos, i.e. Venus and her son Aeneas. 
 
 251. infandum, O cruel icron;/ .' parenthetic and exclamatory. 
 A. 240, d; H. 381 and 557.— unius= Juno ms. 
 
 252. prodimur, loe are forsaken (by Jupiter). — oris. A. 243, 
 &;^H. 414. 
 
 253. Is this the reivard of virtue? Dost thou thus restore vs 
 to our empire ? The re- of reponis does not imply putting back, 
 but putting in the proper place ; so reddere epistulam, referre 
 ad scnatum, renuntiare patribus. 
 
 254. 0111 = ^i. A. 100, a\ H. 186, III. foot-note. — subridens, 
 smiling gently on her. A. 224; H. 384. 
 
 255. voltu. A. 248; H. 419, III. — quo. A. 248; H. 420. 
 25G. dehinc. Cf. 131, N. Note the change of tense. 
 
 257. metu, dative for metui. A. 227; H. 385, II. — Cytherea. 
 See Vocab. — manent . . . tibi, unchanged stand the destinies of 
 thy peoptle, as thou icouldst. 
 
 258. tibi. ethical dative. A. 236; H. 389. — promissa, i.e. by 
 fate. — Lavini = Lavinii. 
 
 250. sublimen, etc., is in reference to the apotheosis of 
 Aeneas. 
 
 260. magnanimus = the Homeric /ae-ya^vjixo?, fj.eya\T^TOip. — neque 
 me sententia vertit. Cf. 237, N. 
 
 261. Hie, he, i.e. Aeneas. — tibi, be sure. Ethical dative. — 
 <\UdindiO = qua n do quidem, since. — remordet. A. 321; H. 516. 
 
 2(!2. longius et volvens, and unrolling farther. A metaphor 
 from the ancient book, which must needs be unrolled in order to 
 be read. 
 
 263. Italia = in Italia. — f eroces, ivarlike. 
 
 264. mores, institutions, towjs. — viris. A. 225; H. 384, II. — 
 ponet is applied by zeugma to both mores ( = impose) and 
 moenia (= build). 
 
54 AENEIBOS. 
 
 2fi5. Latio = in Latio. — regnantem. i.e. continuing to reign. — 
 videritis future perfect indicative. A. 328; H. 519, II. 1. 
 
 26G. terna is not poetic for tria, as often; for when a word 
 used only in the plural has a true plural meaning, it properly 
 takes the distributive numerals. — Rutulis subactis. Dative of 
 reference. 
 
 2G7. lulo is attracted into the case of cui. A. 231, h ; H. 3S7, 
 N. 1. 
 
 2G8. dum . . . regno, lohile Ilium's state stood firm by royal 
 su-ay. A. 248; H. 41i>, III. 
 
 269. Yolvendisraensihns, in the cycle of months. The gerund 
 in this and other passages almost supplies the want of a Latin 
 present participle passive. The whole line is poetical for tri- 
 ginta annos. 
 
 270. imperio = mperando. — Lavini. Cf. v. 258. 
 
 271. transferet, sometime during the thirty years. — Longam 
 Albam, Alba Lonya, i.e. the lony ivhite city. — muniet, s/iall 
 build and fortify. 
 
 272. Hie, i.e. at Alba Longa. — iam, /rom this point. — regna- 
 bitur, there shall be kingly sioay. — annos. A. 256; H. 379. 
 
 273. gente sub Hectorea. Regnabitur being impersonal, we 
 might have expected gente ab H. The term Hectorea is quite 
 loosely used = Trojan, as Hector was no ancestor of the Romans, 
 but merely a prominent Trojan. — regina sacerdos, the priestess 
 queen, i.e. priestess of royal birth. A. 184; H. 363. 
 
 274. Marte gravis, pregnant by Mars. — geminam prolem, 
 i.e. Romulus and Remus. — partu dabit, shall give birth to. A. 
 248; H. 419, III. — Ilia, commonly called Rhea Sylvia, a Vestal 
 virgin, was the daughter of Numitor, king of Alba. 
 
 275. lupae nutricis. Romulus is described as clad in a wolf's f 
 skin in token of his grateful remembrance of the care of his i 
 nurse, the she-wolf. 
 
 276. excipiet gentem, shall succeed to the rule. — Mavortia, 
 from Mavors or Mars. 
 
 277. Romanes dicet, shall call its people Romans. 
 

 NOTES. 65 
 
 278. His, to these Komans. — metas rerum, territorial hounds 
 ofpoioer. 
 
 279. sine fine, endless. — quin, even. 
 
 280. enumeratio partium with Polysyndeton. — metu fatigat, 
 keeps in turmoil loithfear, i.e. her jealousy for Carthage. 
 
 281. consilia in melius referet, loill change her plans for the 
 better. A. 153.— fcvebit. Cf. 18. 
 
 282. rerum dominos, as lords of the universe. — gentem toga- 
 tam, the nation of the goion. 
 
 283. sic placitum, sc. est mi/ii. — lustris { = annis) labenti- 
 bus. Cf. volvendis mensibus. 
 
 284. domus Assaraci, i.e. the Romans, descended from Aeneas, 
 the great-grandson of Assaracus. — Phthiam. Phthia was the 
 home of Achilles. — Mycenas, Mycenae, the home of Aga- 
 memnon. 
 
 285. Argis is best taken as locative ablative (A. 258 c; H. 
 425, II.), but it may be construed by A. 227; H. 385, I. Argos 
 was the home of Diomede. 
 
 286. pulchra origine, of illustrious origin. A. 251; H. 419,* 
 
 II., — Caesar, i.e. Augustus or Octavianus. ^. --j^ 
 
 287. qui terminet, ivho shall bound. A. 317 ; H. 497, I. -■ ^^ 
 
 288. lulius. When adopted by his uncle, the Dictator, Octa-f^'* 
 vianus became Gains lulius Caesar. 
 
 289. Hunc, i.e. Augustus. — caelo, poetic abl. of place = a(Z 
 caelum. — s-poliis Orientis onustum. Augustus, b.c. 31, re- 
 turned to Rome after the victory at Actium and the conquest of 
 Egypt. 
 
 290. vocabitur votis, because deified by the Romans. — hie 
 quoque, he also, as well as Aeneas. 'X^OL/^ 
 
 291. turn, during his administration. — positis bellis. A. 255; ^^ 
 H. 431. ■ V**^ 
 
 292. cana Fides, ancient Faith, called cana because especially 
 honoured by the old Romans. Fides was older than Jupiter. — 
 Vesta represents the ever-burning hearth fire or home of the 
 
56 AENEIDOS. 
 
 Roman people, her worship being coeval with that of the Penates. 
 — Quirinus was the name given the deified Romulus. 
 
 2l);>. ferro et compagibus artis, r/rim v:ith their closely melded 
 plates of iron. Hendiadys. See Gl. 
 
 294. Belli, Furor, personifications. — impius, minatural, with 
 special reference to the horrors of civil war, which Augustus 
 ended. — portae. The gates of the Temple of Janus were closed 
 in times of peace, which happened for the third time in Roman 
 history after the battle of Actium. 
 
 295. centum stands for any indefinitely great number. 
 . 296. ore cruento. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 
 
 297. ait, sc. luppiter. — M.aia. genitum, Maia's son, Mercury, 
 the gods' messenger. A. 244, a ; H. 415, II. 
 
 298. ut pateant in the present tense after the historical pres- 
 ent deniittit shows the immediate object of sending Mercury. 
 
 299. hospitio and Teucris are both datives diitev pateant. A. 
 233; H. 390. — nescia fati. Could then Dido thwart fate? — 
 Dido was the reputed founder of Carthage. 
 
 300. finibus. A. 243, a\ H. 414, N. 1. — arceret shows the 
 remoter purpose of sending Mercui-y. A. 287, e : H. 495, II. 
 
 301. remigio. A. 248: H. 420. — Libyae ... oris, qaickhf 
 lighted on the coasts of Libya. Note the force of the perfect. 
 What case is oris ? 
 
 302. pomint = deponunt. — 'Poeniy derived from ^olj't^, shows 
 the Phoenician origin of the Carthaginians. 
 
 303. deo volente, at the vxill of heaven. — quietum, benignam. 
 Note the position of these corresponding words at the end of 
 following verses. 
 
 305. volvens = qui volvebat. 
 
 30(!. ut primum lux alma data est, .so sooji as the genial light 
 of day icas granted. —exir^. The four infinitives in the sen- 
 tence depend on constitait in 309. 
 
 307. vento, by stress of wmcZ. — accesserit aiul teneant de- 
 pend on quaerere. A. 334; H. 529, I. — oras is governed by ad 
 in composition. 
 
NOTES. 57 
 
 308. inculta, a desert. A. 188, R. ; H. 441, 2. 
 
 309. constituit is pred. of Aeneas. — exacta, his discoveries. 
 
 310. in convexo nemorum, in the holloxo of the groves. 
 
 312. comitatus, accompanied. Many deponents have passive 
 participles, but this form is probably passive of comitare, which 
 is found in Ovid. A. 135, h ; H. 231, 2. — Achate. This ablative 
 of the agent is rare and poetical, except with comitatus. A. 
 248 ; H. 415, 1. 
 
 313. bina = duo. Homer's heroes bore two spears. 
 
 314. Cui is dative after obvia. A. 234, a ; H. 391. — mater, i.e. 
 Venus. — obvia, poetic for obviam. A. 191; H. 443. — silva. 
 A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 315. virginis arma, i.e. light ones, such as would be suitable 
 for a virgin. 
 
 316. Spartanae, sc. virginis. — vel qualis. Construe — ?;eZ 
 talis qualis Threissa Harpalyce est o^wn&fatigut, etc. 
 
 317. Harpalyce, daughter of Harpalycus, king of Thrace. 
 See Vocab. — fuga. A. 253; H. 424. — Hebrum. Some read. 
 Eurum. It has been objected (1) that the Hebrus is a slow 
 river, (2) that even if it were swift for a river, any huntress 
 might easily outrun it. But the question is not whether the 
 Hebrus is or is not swift, but whether Vergil thought it was. 
 He puts it as the best known river of Harpalyce's native coun- 
 try. Cf. Milton, Lycidas, 63, 'down the sioift Hebrus to the 
 Lesbian shore.' 
 
 318. unieris = o6 luneris ; perhaps dative by A. 228; H. 386. 
 
 319. dederat diffundere. Infinitive of purpose, borrowed 
 from Greek idiom, but common in Vergil and Horace. A. 273; 
 H. 533, II. 2. 
 
 320. genu, sinus. Accus. of specification. A. 240, c; H. 378 
 and 1. — collecta is taken by some as a middle, in which case 
 sinus would be direct object. 
 
 321. prior. A. 191 ; 93, a ; H. 443 ; 444. — monstrate, sc. earn. 
 
 322. vidistis si. A. 306; H. 508, 1 and 4. — quam= aliquem. 
 
 323. maculoso is Madvig's conjecture for maculosae. 
 
58 AENEIDOS. 
 
 324. clamore, i.e. canum. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 
 
 325. Sic Venus, sc. inquit. — contra, in reply. — orsus, Bc.est. 
 
 32G. audita, sc. est. — mihi, as in Greek. A. 232, a and h ; H. 
 388, 4. 
 
 327. ought to be followed by a vocative, but Aeneas cannot 
 at once think of the rii^ht name with which to address her. — 
 quam te {es.se) memorem, lohom shall I call thee? A. 268; H. 
 486, II. — tibi voltus, sc. est. A. 231 ; H. 387. 
 
 328. hominem sonat, sounds like a man^s. A. 238, a ; H. 371, 
 II. N. 
 
 32!). an. A. 211, h ; H. 353, 2, N. 4. — Phoebi soror, i.e. Diana. 
 — an . . . una, or one of the race of the ^lyniphs. Vergil usually 
 joins unus with the genitive. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397, 3. 
 
 330. Sis . . . leves . . . doceas. A. 267 ; H. 484, 1. — felix, pro- 
 pitious, explained by the following clause. — quaecumque, sc. 
 es. Vocative. 
 
 3.31. tandem, to be joined here with iacteniur, in questions 
 laj'S stress. 
 
 332. iactemur. A. 334; H. 529, I. 
 
 333. vento et fluctibus, by the ivind and leaves. 
 
 334. multa, many a. — dextra. Ablative of instrument with 
 cadet, which is virtually passive. A. 248 ; H. 420. 
 
 335. Venus, sc. dixit. — honore. A. 245, a ; H. 421, III. X. 2. 
 The idea is, " No goddess am I, but a Tyrian huntress." 
 
 336. virginibus. A. 231; H,387. — gestare. A. 270; H. 538. 
 
 3.37. purpureo: epitheton ornans. — alte, hifjh on our legs. — 
 cothurno. The cothurnus or hunting-boot was worn to protect 
 the feet and legs. 
 
 338. Agenoris urbem, a city of Agenor, twin brother of Belus 
 and founder of Sidon, from whom Dido was sprung. 
 
 339. fines, sc. su7it. — genus, in apposition with fines, has its 
 true antecedent in some word implied in Lihyci. 
 
 340. Imperium regit, holds simri. Imperium is not concrete 
 in good Latin and = empire. — Hido. See Vocab. — Does Tyria 
 belong to Dido or urbe .^ — urbe. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 
 
NOTES. 59 
 
 341. Longa est iniuria, the story of her injury is long.— 
 longae, sc. simt. 
 
 343. Huic. A. 223; H. 390, II. N. 2. — Sychaeus. Contrast 
 with isT/chaeus in 348. So, often in foreign proper names.— 
 agri. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. The conjecture of Huet, auri, is 
 very tempting, the Phoenicians being not a pastoral or agri- 
 cultural, but a commercial people. 
 
 344. Phoenicum limits ditissirnus. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397, 3.— 
 miserae, hapless, sc. Dido. See note on mihi in 326. It is used 
 proleptically with reference to the sequel of the story. 
 
 345. pater, i.e. Belus. — intactam, sc. 7io?ic. — primis omini- 
 bus, loith the first auspices of wedlock : the clause is explana- 
 tory of intactam dederat. Such auspices were a necessary part 
 of a Roman marriage. — iugarat = iugaverat. 
 
 347. scelere. A. 253; H. 424. — ante alios . . . omnes, a man 
 in sin more ynonstrous than all others. A Greek pleonastic form 
 for the simpler Latin aliis immanior. 
 
 348. Quos = Sychaeus and Pygmalion. — inter. A. 263, N.; 
 H. 569, II. 1. — medius. Where our idiom would use the adverb. 
 
 349. impius, unnatural, because violating all natural claims. 
 — aras, i.e. of the Penates. — amore. A. 245; H. 416. 
 
 350. securus amorum, regardless of the love of his sister. A. 
 218, c; H. 399, 111. 1. 
 
 351. et aegram . . . amantem, loickedly feigning many a pre- 
 tence, and icith idle hope (of seeing him again) he mocked the 
 heart^iefirwife. 
 
 ^3. Ipsa, i.e. unsummoned. — inhumati, iinburied, and so 
 despised by the shades, and increasing the enormity of the 
 crime. 
 
 354. modis with pallida. A. 248; H. 419, III. 
 
 355. crudelis aras. The altars are cruel from their connection 
 with the cruel deed. 
 
 356. caecum is here passive, as often. — domus, genitive. 
 
 357. celerare suadet= the prose vt celeret. A. 331, a ; H. 535^ 
 IV. — patria. A. 243, b; H. 434, N. 1. 
 
60 AEN FIDOS. 
 
 358. auxilium viae, as an aid for her journey. — tellure. A. 
 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 
 
 300. His commota, roused to action by these things. — fugam 
 sociosque parabat. Zeugma. 
 
 361. Conveniunt, sc. omnes as antecedent to quibus. 
 
 362. paratae, sc. sunt. 
 
 303. avari is emphatic at the end of the line — his greed had 
 been balked. 
 
 304. pelage. A. 258, g ; H. 425, II. 1. — dux, sc. est. 
 
 365. locos. A. 258; H. 380, 3. — cernis, thou seest, seems 
 better than cernes, i.e. thou wilt see from the hill-top, for nunc 
 cannot mean presodly. 
 
 307. mercati, sc. sunt. — solum quantum = tantum soli quan- \ 
 turn. Ribbeck regards these two verses as unfinished. — Byrsara. 
 Byrsa was the name of the citadel of Cartha.i^e. The story was 
 that they cut tlie hide so as to make one thong, while the ])iirgain 
 was that she should have as much land as could be compassed 
 by a bull's hide. 
 
 308. possent. A. 341 ; H. 528, I. 
 
 369. vos, sc. es^is. — tandem. See note on 331. 
 
 370. talibus, i.e. talibus {his) verbis respondit. 
 
 371. imo. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. 
 
 372-74. //' O goddess, going back, I should tell the tale from 
 the very beginning, and if there were leisure for you to hear the 
 story of our disasters, ere I end Vesper lo ill close Olymi^is, and 
 lay the day to rest. Si pergam would regularly take componat 
 as apodosis, but componet makes greater rhetorical vividness 
 and indicates the certainty of the conclusion. — et vacet, imper- 
 sonal, sc. tibi. — audire. A. 273; H. 533, II. — ante, before I 
 finish. — clause Olympo. A. 255, H. 431. 
 
 375. Nos is object of adpulit in 377. — Troia, after vectos. A. 
 258, a ; H. 428, II. — vestras, i.e. tuas et civiuni tuorum. 
 
 37(). iit per =pervenit ad. A. 306 ; H. 508, 4. 
 
 377. ferte sua, by its casx«d occurrence. It was not by any 
 design of their own, but by this accidental storm, that tlie 
 Trojans had come to Carthage. — oris. A. 255, 6 ; H. 380, II. 4. 
 
NOTES. 61 
 
 378. Sum plus Aeneas, I am Aeneas, god-lover. — eyi, from 
 the midst of. 
 
 379. classe. Locative ablative. — fama, ablative of cause. — 
 super aethera, in heaven above. 
 
 380. Italiam patriam. Dardanus, his ancestor, was born 
 there. — genus ab love summo, mijline {sprung) from supreme 
 Jove. The descent was: I. Jupiter; II. Dardanus; III. Ericli- 
 thonius; IV. Tros; V. Assaracus; YI. Capys; VII. Anchises; 
 VIII. Aeneas. 
 
 381. Bis denis = his decem. Cf. 71. A. 95, c ; H. 174, 2, 2). — 
 navibus. Instrument. 
 
 382. matre dea, m,y goddess mother, Venus. — fata = o?-acz*?a. 
 
 383. vix = aegre, and is to be taken with supersunt. 
 
 384. ignotus, i.e. here in Africa. Cf. 379, super aethera notus. 
 
 385. Europa atque Asia. Abl. of separation. —plura que- 
 rentem passa, sc. eum, is a Greek construction for j^assa eum 
 queri plura, alloicing him to complain no more. 
 
 387. Quisquis es. A. 309, c ; H. 476, 3. 
 
 388. qui adveneris, since thou art come, causal, to be taken 
 closely with hand invisus. A. 320, e; H. 517.— urbem. Limit 
 of motion. 
 
 390. namque, and I say this, /or. —reduces, sc. esse.—re- 
 latam, sc. esse. 
 
 391. et in tutum . . . actam (esse), and home into safe har- 
 bour hy a change of toind. — Aquilonibus, like Euro in 383, is 
 used for wind in general. 
 
 392. vani,/a?se, i.e. mere pretenders. — diOCViQre, sc. me. 
 
 393 seq. Behold yon twice six swans joyful in line, whom 
 but now Jove's bird swooping from the height of heaven scattered 
 o'er the clear sky; now they seem in long array, some to be 
 choosing their ground, some tg be looking down upon the ground 
 they have chosen : as they returning sport with flapping wings 
 and with their choir have girdled the sky and have given forth 
 their song, even so thy ships and thy youthful comrades are 
 either safe in port or are entering its mouth under full sail. 
 
62 AENEIDOS. 
 
 — bis senos. These birds of Venus correspond to the twelve 
 missing ships. — lovis ales, i.e. the eagle. — The aetheria plaga 
 is higher than the coeluin. 
 
 402. avertens, sc. w. — rosea cervice refulsit, flashed forth 
 with the beauty of her rosy neck. 
 
 403. ambrosiae comae. The gods used ambrosia for anoint- 
 ing the hair. — vertice, from her head. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 
 
 404. pedes ad imos. Note that her hunting dress is changed 
 into the long tlowiug robe worn by divinities. 
 
 405. et vera . . . dea, and the true fjoddess ivas revealed by 
 her gait. Tlie gods glided along with very easy motion. 
 
 406. fugientem, sc. e«?n. fugio is often used of any quick 
 motion. 
 
 407. Quid, ichy .? — totiens must be taken somewhat laxly, as 
 Venus had appeared to Aeneas only once before. See Book II. 
 589. — quoque with crudelis, also, as well as Juno. 
 
 408. dextrae. A. 224; H. 384.— iungere. A. 270 ; H. 538. 
 
 409. veras, true, sincere, as become a mother and son. 
 
 410. Talibus. A. 248; H. 419, III. — incusat, sc. earn. 
 
 411. gradientis, sc. eos. — aere, like the Homeric arjp. See 
 Od. VII. 14. A. 248; H. 420. 
 
 412. circum — fudit. Tmesis. A. p. 298 ; H. 630, V. 3. — dea, 
 i.e. as only a goddess could. Cf . the rhetorical insertion of heros 
 in 1%, of dea in 692. 
 
 415. Paphum. Limit of motion. See Vocab. 
 
 416. laeta, because her son is safe and his future is assured. 
 — templum, sc. est. — centum. Vergil, with doubtful taste, 
 has made Homer's one altar into an hundred. Cf. Od. VIII. .'i62 
 seq. — SsihSieo. The Sabaei were a people of Arabia Felix, and 
 famed for tlie products of their land. 
 
 -^18. Corripuere viam, they sped their ivay. — qvia., ichere. 
 
 419. qui plurimus urbi imminet, which hangs over the city 
 with mighty mass. Plurimus, lit., very large. For position. 
 A. 200, d; H. 453, 5. .. ^*^^ 
 
 
 
NOTES. 63 
 
 420. aspectat. Personification. — axGesheremesins.buildin^s, 
 toioers. ...,<■ y- w^'^ e. <,,«..<. .^ 
 
 422, strata viarum = s^ra^as vias, paved streets, borrowed ^^ 
 ^ from Lucretius. Cf. prima virorum and convexo nemorum, 310. 
 
 t 
 
 42,3. Instat, sc. ope?-/, deTeloped in the following lines. — 
 /ardentes, eagerly. — -pSiTS. A. 184; H. 363. — ducere, extend, 
 historical infinitive. -4>uJ(i-v-»-^ "'^^ ""^ 
 
 424. moliri, build. — Bxcem is the citadel proper. teTt-x^"'*^ L^^ 
 
 425. concludere, sc. ewm. A. 195, &; H. 451, 1. ^^'^^;f~^^^-2^^^^^^ 
 
 426. iura constituunt magistratusque legunt. Zeugma. 
 The line comes in rather awkwardly, and is hardly consistent 
 with 507, from which it is perhaps made up. 
 
 427. effodiunt,niteraJly true, the harbour of Carthage being ^^ 
 artificial.— _lata, broad, instead of the more common alta, is 
 from Ribbeck, following the Vatican MS. — theatris. A stone^^;,,^-^ 
 theatre is a thorough anachronism. '' ' '~ 
 
 1^"' 429. rupibus, i.e. the quarries. — scaenis. A. 235, a; H. 384, 
 4, N. 2. — alta, lofty. " -y-c. 
 
 430. qualis. Supply, as antecedent for the complete con- 
 struction, 2'alis labor Foenos exercet, such labour occupies the 
 Carthafjinians, as when in early summer o'er the blooming 
 meads beneath the sun labour stirs the bees, when forth they lead 
 the full-grown young of the race, or when they pack the liquid 
 honey and fill their cells full to bursting of nectar sweet, or take 
 the burdens of the workers as they come, or forming line drive 
 from their hives the drones, a lazy tribe. Hotly glows the work, 
 and the sweet-scented honey is fragrant of thyme. — liquentia, 
 from liquor, not liqueo. — venientiim = venientium. — fra- 
 grantia mella. Note the force of the plural. 
 
 437. 0, happy ye, ichose icalls already rise ! Thinking of his 
 own city that is to be, far away. — suspicit, looks up at. ^ -, r^r,' 
 
 440. per medios, sc. viros. — miscet, sc. .se from 439. — neque 
 cernitur uUi, and is seen by none. Rare dative. A. 232, a and ^'- 
 b ; H. 388, 4. 
 
 441. umbrae, in respect of shade. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. 
 
64 AENEIDOS. ^ )A~*-^ V^' 
 
 442. quo loco primum, to be closely joined, primum here - 
 means on their arrival. '• '^^ 
 
 443. "Dug np the sign, which Queen Juno had taught them 
 to expect, the head of a spirited steed." This corresponded with 
 the sow which Aeneas was to find in Italy. 
 
 444. monstrarat = mons^miJera^ — fore depends on mo/istra- 
 raMmderstood. ^^^v.y« - ■^^• 
 
 445. facilem victu, easy in livinrj, i.e. easy to be supported, 
 wealthy, the horse being an emblem of wealth. Cf. Homer's 
 
 peia C,ti>ovT€<;. 
 
 447. condebat, loas building ; it was in course of erection. — 
 donis . . . divae, rich with gifts and ivith the presence of the 
 goddess, i.e. rich with gifts sanctified by her divinity. 
 
 448. cui, dat. of reference, lo/iose. — gradibus. A. 258, a; 
 H. 412, 2. — nexae, sc. sunt. ^^^'^> ^v>u-..>^^*-<>- - 
 
 449. aere. A. 248; H. 420. — trabes, door posts, lit. beams. — 
 J foribus. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. The idea is 'Bronze was 
 
 the threshold to which the steps led, and the door posts were 
 sheathed with bronze, and the hinge creaked on the brazen 
 doors.' i/" 
 
 452. ausus, sc. c.s<. — rebus. A. 254, h; H. 425, 1), N. O^ " 
 
 453. sub, roithin, as being under its roof.— lustrat singula, 
 Ql^' he surveys the things one by one. >4>*^ 
 
 454. reginam opperiens. Nothing shows how he knew she 
 was coming. — quae fortuna sit urbi, ichat prosperity the city 
 has. A. 340; H. 528, 1. — urbi. Dative of possessor. 
 
 4.55. artificum manus inter se, the skill of the rival artists. 
 — laborem, the magnitude. 
 
 451). videt. These representations were either decorations 
 painted in the vestibule or were carved on the pediment. — 
 ex ordine, with pugnas, as inter se with manus. 
 
 457. iam, already. — fama explains how these things came 
 to be known at Carthage. 
 
 458. Atridas. Agamemnon and Menelaus. — saevum. Achilles 
 hated the sons of Atreus as much as he did his enemy Priam. — 
 ambobus, the sons of Atreus and Priam. 
 
NOTES. 65 
 
 460. laboris, sad tale. A. 218, a ; H. 399, 3. ; u J 
 
 461. En Priamus. A,. 2067 c; H. 368, 3. — Sunt hie . . . laudi, 
 
 even here icorth has its^oivn rewards. — sua. A. 196, c; H.449, 2. 
 — laudi. A. 231 ; H. 387. - : ' 
 
 462. rerum, for misfortune, objective genitive. A. 217 ; H. 
 396, III. — mortalia, human affairs. 
 
 463. aliquam salutem, some deliverance. — tibi is addressed \^ 
 to Achates as alone present, but really applying to all tUe ^ 
 
 Trojans. - v'-'^ r 
 
 ,t\ ' 
 
 464. atque . . . inani, and feeds his mind on the unreal pic- 
 tare. Another anachronism. 
 
 465. multa. A. 240, a ; H. 371, II. 
 
 4<36. The scenes depicted were : 1. The victory of the Trojans 
 under Hector; 2. The victory of the Greeks under Achilles; 
 3. The death of Rhesus ; 4. That of Troilus ; 5. The prayer of 
 the Trojan women before Minerva's statue ; 6. That of Priam 
 before Achilles ; 7. The fray with Memnon ; and 8, with the 
 Amazons. It will be seen that they go by pairs. — uti, hoiv. — 
 Pergama, here = Troy, of which it was a part. 
 
 467. hac, sc. parte, here, in this picture. — fugerent, etc. 
 A. 334; H. 529, I. \,n>1>JK V~^«--^- .^^^.^^^.^^^^u^.'-u- - 
 
 468. Phryges, sc. fugerent. — curru, A. 248 ; H. 420. — crista- 
 
 tUS. Homer's lnn6KOiJLo<;. 
 
 s^ 
 
 469. niveis tentoria velis. Tents of snow-white canvas, is an 
 anachronism, for Homer's men had wood huts. 
 
 470. primo somno, by their first sleep, which was the deepest. 
 
 471. Tydides, Diomedes. ^n^.^^< >^^\ -'-v^ 
 
 472. ardentis equos, fiery steeds.— in castra, i.e. of the 
 Greeks. 
 
 473. gVLsta-ssent (= gustavisse^it) . . . bibissent. Subjunctives 
 as representing the thought in Diomedes' mind. A. 327 ; H. 520, 
 II. An oracle had declared that should the horses of Rhesus eat 
 the grass or drink the water of the Xanthus, Troy would be 
 impregnable. 
 
66 AENEIDOS. 
 
 474. amissis armis, i.e. all but his sj^ear. See 478. — Troilus 
 was the yuuiigL-st sou of Priam, slaiu ])y Achilles. 
 
 475. inpar congressus Achilli, i.e. uo match to Achilles. 
 A. 228 ; H. 38(5. 
 
 47G. curru is dative. — resupinus, i.e. falleu ou his back. 
 
 477. huic. Dat. of disadvantage. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. 
 
 478. versa, tamed down, trailiiifj. — pulvis. The loug i is 
 archaic. 
 
 479. Interea, meanwhile, i.e. in another picture. — non aequae, 
 unpi'o2')itioits. 
 
 480. crinibus passis. A. 255; H. 431. — Iliades, The Trojan 
 women, a patronymic. — pepJoHMK* A costly and elegant r9he. 
 Such were often presented to the gods by suppliants. ;;\ f ^- ""^^ 
 
 •A 
 
 481. suppliciter, in suppliant guise. — tunsae, beating. Cf. 
 320. Both this and the dishevelled hair are signs of grief. 
 — pectora. A. Ill, N. ; H. 378. dL -f - ^^ <- 
 
 482. The goddess Pallas and her statue are confused. — solo. 
 A. 258,/; H. 425, N. 3. — aversa, averting her face. 
 
 483. This line suggests the mangled state of the body. Note 
 tlie use of the tenses. 
 
 4S4. auro, for gold. A. 252, d; H. 422. Priam gave Achilles 
 ten talents, 
 
 48(j. currus, i.e., of Achilles, to which the body of Hector had 
 been bound. 
 
 487. Priam went into the Grecian camp to ransom the body 
 of Hector, who is much more prominent in Vergil than in 
 Homer. The fact that he was reputed to be a connection of the 
 Roman race brought him into exaggerated prominence. 
 
 488. Himself, too, he kneic mingling in fray loith the Achaean 
 chiefs. A. 248, o, K. ; H. 419, 1, i), (2). ^ ',V r '^ . , ^^ 
 
 489. Eoas acies, the Eastern bands, i.e. Indian Ethiopians led 
 by Memnon, swarthy (nigri) son of Tithonus and Aurora. — 
 arma, made for him by Vulcan at the entreaty of his mother, 
 Aurora. 
 
yOTES. 67 
 
 490. Later traditions, but not Homer, represent the Amazons 
 as fighting on the side of Troy. — lunatis peltis. A. 251; Hw'. 
 419, II. CA£>0JL.o.5:^B**f ^^O^^fCVl^ 
 
 492. fastening her golden belt beneath her bared breast. v) 
 
 493. bellatrix, a loarrior and maid though she be, she dares 
 to fight loith men. Appositions. 
 
 494. Haec miranda videntur, these things seem marvellous. — 
 Dardanio is especially appropriate, as Aeneas had been lost in a 
 Trojan reverie. . ' « > C 
 
 495. obtuui -sfith defixus. 
 
 496. ad templum. Note the preposition with the accus. after 
 the compound verb. — forma. A. 253; H. 424. Ju^ \ ft^f^"^-^^ " 
 
 497. incessit, has advanced. Cf. 46 and 405. 
 
 498. Dido is compared with Diana, who was worshipped with 
 especial honour at Sparta. — Eurotae Cynthi. See Vocab. 
 
 499. Diana. Cf. Sychaeus, 343, N. — choros, c/iomZ da?ices.— 
 quam secutae, foUoioLng lohoriiUji,,^...^ 
 
 501. umero. A. i^V; H. 425, 11. 1. — gradiens, i.e. as she 
 walks. — deas, the nymphs. 
 
 502. Latonae. Latona was the mother of Diana. — gaudia, 
 as her mother. 
 
 504. instans . . . futuris, urging on the work of her kinc/dom 
 that ivas to be. A. 228; H. 386. C>^Vv^J.<^J.^,.^.^/^■-vo<^'^*w- 
 
 505. foribus'divae, i.e". of the chapel within the temple con- 
 taining the goddess's image. — media testudine templi, in the 
 middle of the vaulted temple. ^ , , ' , 
 
 506. armis, i.e. armed men. — solio alte subnixa, lit., lifted 
 up from underneath on high by a throne, i.e. on a lofty throne. 
 
 507. lura, decisions on cases laid before her for judgment. — 
 leges, statutes. 
 
 "508. sorts trahebat, chose them by lot. 
 
 509. concursu magno, i.e. of Carthaginians. 
 
 510. fortem Cloanthum. Cf. Addison, Spectator, No. 273, 
 * Vergil falls infinitely short of Homer in the characters of his 
 
68 AENEIDOS. 
 
 Poem, both as to Variety and Novelty, Aeneas is indeed a 
 perfect Character, but as for Achates, tho' he is styled the 
 Hero's Friend, he does nothing in the whole Poem which may 
 deserve that Title. Gyas, Mnestheus, Sergestus and Cloanthus 
 are all of them Men of the same Stamp and Character, — For- 
 temque G]iav,fortemque Cloanthum.' 
 
 512. penitusque, etc., and had candied far aicaij to other 
 shores, explaining dispulerat. — oras. A. 258; H. 380, 3. 
 
 513. Obstipuit belongs to both subjects ; percussus also. A. 
 187, a ; H. 439, 1. 
 
 514. avidi (A. 191; H. 443), they earjerbj longed. 
 
 515. res incognita, i.e. their ignorance of the real state of 
 affairs, as shown by the questions in 517, 518. 
 
 516. Dissimulant, so. se adesse, they hide their presence (or 
 C07ice«Z their emotions). — caiVa., enshrouding. « A^ 
 
 517. f ortuna, sc. sit. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. A^AA^ \f^^ 
 
 518. qviid, ichy. "^.'240, a; H. 454, 2. — cunctis nam. Yergil 
 adds a clause to explain the questions. — cunctis, i.e. from the 
 thirteen saved with Ilioneus. 
 
 519. ora,ntes vema,m, praying for grace. Of . 525. — clamore, 
 amid shouting, probably that of the great crowd ; for surely 
 loud clamour would not be the best way of attaining their end. 
 
 '^520. introgressi, sc. sunt. — coram, sc. reginh. — dsita., sc. 
 est. 
 
 521. maximus, the eldest of them ; sc. natu. — placido pectore. 
 The calm dignity of Ilioneus is contrasted with the surrounding 
 
 523. iustitia, loith justice. A. 248; H. 420. — dedit governs 
 both conderc and fremere as objects. — gentis has reference to 
 the neighbouring African tribes. The more warlike the Africans, 
 the more glory for Rome, who had overcome them. 
 
 524. maria vecti, borne over every sea. A. 237, d; H. 371, 
 
 52G. parce pio generi, spare a pious race. A. 227 ; H. 385, 
 II. — propius, more favourably . 
 
NOTES. . 69 
 
 527. We are not come either with the sword to devastate the 
 African homes or to plunder and to carry spoil to the shores. — 
 populate. Infinitive of pur j)Ose. A. 273 ; H. 533, II. 
 
 528. venimus is what tense ? — raptas verjiere praedas. A^ 
 
 292, R.; H. 549, 5. cf^-^^-^-^ "--^ -^n ^^^ .. ^--^ j^ 
 
 529. vis, violence, sc. est — animo, sc. V'2^r$^>y^,tnv^v'<-^ VvM^ 
 
 530. Hesperiam, the evening land. Tne name was also ap- 
 plied to Spain by tlie Romans. Sc. quam. 
 
 531. antiqua, old in story. — ubere, richness of soil. Homer's 
 
 532. Italus, who probably existed only in fable, had been -"^ 
 king of the Oenotrians. — f ama, sc. est. ^ -fjL.y'-^l 
 
 533. gentem is by synecdoche for terram. hL^-^-^*-^'^''*^ 
 
 53i. Hie cursus fuit. These half-verses show (among other 
 things) the unfinished state of the Aeneid. p^v-*-^ "wv—— ^ cr-t^-^V-> 
 
 535. adsurgens, of the rising of the star, subtly suggests also 
 the rising of tlie waves. Orion arises about midsummer, and 
 both at that time (cf. 756) and at his setting at the beginning 
 of November the weather was often bad, hence his epithets of 
 imbrifer, nimbosus, etc. 
 
 536. tulit, sc. nos.—penitus modifies di&»?(Zi«. — austris. A. 
 248; H. 420. l~^^^ c^-^-^-w^- - -» ' -- .^,. >^ 
 
 537. superante salo, the briny sea overpoicering us. A. 255; 
 H. 431. 
 
 538. dispulit, sc. ?ios. — pauci, a. §canty remnant. — oris. «, 
 A. 225, 6; H. 380, 4. X^^.^^ -|^-yv.-v>U^^ 'O-^nA' u^ ^^ o-tX^ 
 
 539. Quod genus hoc hominum. Abrupt transition with 
 asyndeton. — quaeve hunc, etc., or ichat land so savage as-to- 
 be-the-home-of this conduct ? o a '\lj^ 
 
 540. hospitio. A. 243^a ; H. 414. ^^-"^ '^^ ^^"^A ' ''^'' ' "^^^ 
 
 541. prima terra, o?i the edge of the strand.-^^^^nsisteie. 
 A.21hb; H. 535, II. Cyt^^A? ' ^^^l ' 
 
 542 is an indirect compliment to Dido in acknowledging the 
 power of Carthage. — mortalia, transferred epithet. Cf. 355 
 crudelis aras. 
 
TO AENEinOS. 
 
 543. at sperate, yet expect gods loho-f or get-not the right and 
 the wrong. — sperate = ex^^ec^afe, so usecleveu in prose, milder ^ 
 th2in.metulte. — decs, sc. /ore. .^ v>oi-'''— ^-'^^^ "^^v^ ' 
 
 quo. A. 247; H. 417. X 
 
 V 
 
 545. pietate, etc. A. 253 ; H. 424. — bello has reference to his ■ ' 
 skill as a commander, and armis to his personal bravery. C^l*-'*-"*^ ' 
 
 54(i aura. A. 249; H. 421, I. "Feeding upon the air of 7/ 
 heaven " = living, has become a poetical commonplace. U- v '-^^ I), 
 
 547. Mmons = in umbris ; amid the shades. ^ x^^-"*^ a^^ 
 
 *^^ 54s. non metus, sc. est nobis; ice have no cause to dread. — 
 ' J^ Officio. A. 253 i H. 424. — certasse = certavisse. — priorem. A. 
 1.91; H. 443. ' . \-x - 
 
 549. paeniteat. A. 207; H. 484, I. — sunt, sc. nobis. — qX,= 
 e'tiam, moreover. ^y^^^^^^^~^ 
 
 551. ventis. A. 248 ; H. 420. — liceat. Subj. of desire. A. 2G7 ; 
 H. 483. Sc. nobis.— subducere, i.e. on the shore. 
 
 552. silvis, ??? the icoods, local ablative. — stringere remos, 
 
 Cf. Homer, Oc/. YII. 209, iTTo^uvouo-n' epcT/aa. , ^^ .. t'"*^' 
 
 553. datur, sc. ?io&/,s. — Italiam. Limit of motion. A. 258; 
 H. 380, ;;. — sociis, sc. ?ios^r/.s-. — recepto in sense applies to 
 sociis, though agreeing only with the chief subject. A. 187, a ; 
 H. 439, 1. -^ ^^^J,,^. cU.)pX— -fl-^ ' 
 
 554. Itaham is emphatically repeated. — ut . . . petamus 
 denotes the purpose of the expressiuns in 551 and 552, and si 
 datur . . . tendere depends on it. 
 
 555. absumpta, sc. esf. — salus, safety, i.e. Aeneas. 
 
 550. spes luli, hope in lulus, i.e. hope in his living to found a 
 great kingdom in Italy. — iam, any longer. 
 
 L* 557. Sicaniae. See Yocab. It was named from the early in- 
 habitants, the Sicani, more ancient than the Siculi. — paratas, 
 ready for vs, already built. 
 
 558. advecti, sc. sumus. — Tegem, as our king, in place of the 
 lost AeiK'as and lulus. — With petamus supply ut from 554. 
 
 659. Talibus, sc. verbis. — Ilioneus, sc. ae?. — cuncti, etc., 
 
NOTES. 71 
 
 with one mouth all the children of Dardanus shouted assent. 
 
 Cf. Homer, IL I. 22, eV0' oAAoi fj-eu iravre? enev<t>riixr)<Tav 'A\aLoi. Note 
 
 the effective nature of the short line. 
 
 561. voltum demissa, casting down her eyes. Cf. 320, N. 
 
 562. Solvite corde metum, free your hearts from fear, is #JK 
 Vergilian variety lor solvite corda metu. — corde. A. 243, a; '^^ 
 H. 414, I. — secludite, dis77iiss. A, 
 
 563. Kes dura, my hard fate, stern necessity. She had diffi-^^^ 
 culty in keeping her ground in this hostile land, and also feared '^^J^\^ 
 an attack from her brother Pygmalion. — talia moliri, to adopt '7^''^ 
 such a course. 
 
 564. moliri shows the great reluctance with which she took 
 such precautions. — custode is collective singular. So miles, the ^ 
 soldiery; ?'osa, roses, etc. 4 ,, ^ ,'Jr~ x.v^*^"' 
 
 565. Aeneadum = Aeneadarum. — nesciat is sii,hj . of appeal, .-fyj— 4 
 
 * 567. obtusa adeo, so unfeeling, predicate. — Poeni i^s in appos. y^^ 
 with the subject of gestamus. ra>«-<Xv*v^^V*''^^^^ ^^<^y^' .^C^^ 
 
 568. tain aversus, so remote. The notion is that Carthage is i:>6t^ 
 not so cold a country that its people are lacking in human 
 sympathy. 
 
 569. Saturnia bjvb, = Latium. Saturn was king of Latium 
 during the golden age. 
 
 570. Erycis fini^ = Siciliam. Eryx is a mountain in Sicily.— 
 optatis, you choose. 
 
 571. auxilio . . . iuvabo, I will dismiss you guarded by an 
 escort and help you ivith my means. 
 
 572. Voltis et = etsi voltis. — pariter, on equal terms. — regnis 
 = in his regnis. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 'Y~^~^t}^<LA. v>rU^>-^^- 
 
 573. TJrbem quam statuo, vestra est, the city xohich I am 
 building is yours. Urbem is by inverse attraction drawn into 
 the relative clause. A. 200, b ; H. 445, 9. Cf . Terence, Eunuchus, 
 653, Eunuchum quem dedisti nobis quas turbas dedit. 
 
 574. This verse is the motto of " The North American Review." ^^^^ c 
 — mihi. A. 232, a and b ; H. 388, 4. — agetur. For the agreement 
 
 see A. 205, b; H. 463, 3. 
 
72 AENEIDOS. 
 
 575. JHoto = vento, as the same south wind would scarcelv , 
 bring Aeneas to Carthage. . ' " t-^»-^ fv-»'-*..'w<^7^ 
 
 576. adforet. A. 2G7; H. '483, 1 and 2. — certos=Jidos, trusty 
 persons. 
 
 577. lustrare, sc. eos. A. 331, a; H. 535, II. — extrema, so. 
 loca. 
 
 578. si, to see if. — quibus is the indefinite, in an?/. — eiectus, 
 i.e. by the sea. 
 
 579. animum is accus. of specification. 
 
 580. iamdudum ardebant, had been lonr/ and loerc still ?m- ^ 
 patient. A. 277, b: H. 4Glt, II. 2. — erumpere nubem. Th^^- 
 accusative is poetical. ' i 
 
 582. Nate dea, r/oddess born. A. 244, «; H. 415, 11.— ^ 
 animo. Local abl. — sententia, /)»rpose. fij^ 
 
 583. tuta, sc. esse. — receptos, sc. esse. 
 
 584. unus, viz. Orontes. Cf. 113 seq. 
 
 585. submersum, sc. esse. — dictis. A. 224; H. 384. Cf. 
 390 seq. 
 
 586. fatus erat, i.e. Achates. 
 
 587. purgat, clears. Supply se from scindit. 
 
 588. Kestitit, etc. There stood Aeneas, and amid the clear 
 light shone forth f/odlike in face and shoulders. \^ 
 
 589. OS umerosque. Accus. of specification. — deo. A. 234, 
 
 a ; H. 391, 1. — namque . . . honores, for his mother had breathed {jy 
 grace into her .son's Jioiring locks and the gloiving blooin of \ 
 youth and joyous lustre into his eyes. 
 
 592. Venus adds such beauty to Aeneas as artists do to the 
 materials on which they work. — manus, loorkmanship, hands 
 of artists. 
 
 593. Parius lapis, Parian marble, famed for its beauty and 
 ease in working. 
 
 594. cunctis. Dative of reference with iiipi'ovisus. 
 
 595. Coram, sc. vobis, before you. Note that Aeneas is not 
 
NOTES. T3 
 
 obliged to blow his own trumpet, this having been performed for 
 him by Ilioneus and Dido. 
 
 597. sola miserata= tu, quae sola miserata est. A. 299; 
 H. 549, 4. 
 
 598. quae is subject of socias, and nos is its object ; so. tibi.— ^ 
 reliquias Danaum. See note on 30. ' 
 
 599. exhaustos, icorn out. — omnium. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. ^ 
 
 600. urbe, dome, with socias. A. 253; H. 424. — persolvere..^/^^ 
 A.270,6;IL538^im,, 
 
 601. opis. A. 21¥, d; H. 401 and 402. —nee quidquid, etc. 
 nee gentis Dardaniae quidquid eius superest. •y-'- i ^-^^ 
 
 602. gentis. Partitive genitive after quidquid. — s-paxsa,, sc. 
 est ; chiefly by settlements in Sicily and Crete. , ^ 
 
 603. Di tibi ferant, inay the gods bring thee. A. 2B6; H. 484, 
 I. — si qua. A. 105, d; H. 190, 1. — si quid, etc., if justice and 
 conscious rectitude be of any account (quid) anijwhere on earth 
 (usquam> - ^■'"'^i^r\ ■ "V^" " ' 
 
 604. sibi, (recti, Vith conscia. A. 234, 218; H. 399, I. 3, N. 1. 
 
 606. saecula. The poets often use the plural for the singular 
 without any especial signification. 
 
 607. mo'ntibus convexa, the hollows of the mountains, valleys. 
 — montibus. A. 235, a ; H. 384, 4, N. 2. — umbrae, shadows of 
 the mountains. 
 
 608. polus dum sidera pascet. The ancients believed that 
 the stars were nourished and kept burning by vapours arising 
 through the atmosphere from the earth and sea. Epicurus 
 taught that they were nourished by the fiery particles in the^>t- » 
 aether itself. Y^'-^^'^^^i^^i/^ V*^^ 
 
 609. tuum. For the agreement, A. 187; H. 439, 1. j 
 
 610. quae — cumque. Tmesis. Aeneas intimates that he is ^'^^' 
 not his own master, but is dependent on fate, and will have to ;y ' 
 leave Dido. y 
 
 611. Ilionea = 'iAtov^a. — petit, ryrosjis. '"^ ' P^^ 
 
 612. post, afterwards, adverb of time. 
 
74 AENEIDOS. 
 
 013. primo, with aspectii, but may be taken adverbially. 
 
 614. casu tanto, at the stupendous disaster. — ore locuta est. 
 Note the pleonasm. vJ.'^^-'^-^>-^ c^^-C^l^^^rv^ 
 
 616. immanibus oris, to these savage shpr.es, an apology. 
 A. 225, b ; H. 380, 4. > ~ - ' -- ' "^ ^ ^ " ' j^.-<^<-l , 
 
 617. Tune, sc. es. — ille, that ceZe^ra^ed.— Dardanio An- ^ 
 chisae. Greek rhythm. 
 
 618. Simoentis ad undam. Goddesses were supposed to bring 
 forth by a river-side. O-A-^.-,,^*-'^ Vtt^ ^-^ 
 
 619. Teucrum. Teucer was expelled from Salamis by his 71 
 father Telamon for coming home witliout Ajax. — Sidona. A.^ 
 258, h ; H. .>S0, II. —venire, strictly venisse. A. 288, b ; H. 537, 1. 
 
 621. genitor, i.e. mi/ father. Y ^ 
 
 623. casus, the fate.— mihi. A. 232, a and b; H. 388, 4.— -* 
 cognitus, sc. est. A. 205, d ; H. 463, 1. 
 
 624. Pelasgi, i.e. Greek. See note on 30. 
 
 625. Ipse hostis, Teucer himself, though an enemy. — Teucros, 
 the Trojans, —insigni laude ferebat, used to extol. 
 
 626. ortum, sc. esse. — volebat, gave out, wished it understood. 
 628. per multos labores, with iac^aiam. *~ ^ I ^^t/^ ij 
 
 ^j. voluit, has willed. — terra. A. 258, /; H. 425, II.^^uX^-<^ ^ 
 
 "■^031. simul . . . simul, at the same time both . . . and. 
 
 632. templis, etc., proclaims a thanksgiving in the temples, 
 abl. of place. >*«<. «-Y- 
 
 634 is copied with some exaggeration, as usual (Homer has 
 twelve sheep, eight boars, and two oxen), from Od. VIII. 59 seq. )^ 
 
 635. terga suum, a hundred bristly chines of bidktj boars. ' ^^ 
 
 636. munera and laetitiam, joyous gifts, are in apposition 
 with the accusatives above. — dii = diei. A. 74, a; H. 121, 1. ij;} 
 
 '^ 637. domus interior, i.e. the atrium. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. ' ^ 
 >f^\ — splendida agrees with the subject, but belongs in sense with J 
 yj- the predicate, is sumptuously set out ivith regal pomp. 
 
 639. vestes, coverlets, sc. sunt, or instruuntur from instruitur, 
 ,. above. — ostro. A. 251 ; H. 419, II. ' ^>.UV4» f^' v 
 
NOTES. 75 
 
 640. ingens probably refers both to the size and number of 
 the silver dishes. — mensis = in mensis. a 
 
 642. ducta, traced. ,^,M^ vV^ 
 
 644. rapidum, swiftly, in haste. A. 191 ; H. 443. The father's 
 anxiety denotes haste. ^^^XXi^-^ '^'^^ 'Xr^ "^ 
 
 645. ferat que ducat, sc. ut, to denote the purpose of prae- 
 mittit. Some make it for the imperative of the direct discourse. 
 — haec, these things which have just happened. 
 
 646. carl, /on(i, loving, subjective. — stat, centres in. 
 
 647. ruinis. A. 229; H. 386, 2. ^ " ' 
 
 648. ferre, sc. tn(7». — pallam . . . rigentem, stiff loith figures 
 in gold. — signis aurocLue, by hendiadys for signis ciureis. 
 
 649. and a veil with an embroidered border of yelloiv acanthus. 
 
 650. ornatus, in appos. with pa^/am and velainen. — Argivae, 
 i.e. Grecian. Helen is called Argive, and said to come from 
 Mycenae, probably from confusion between the two Atreidae : 
 Menelaus, her husband, ruled at Sparta, Agamemnon at Mycenae 
 (near Argos), with which Helen had no connection. — Mycenis, 
 with extiderat. 
 
 651. cum peteret. A. 325; H. 521, II. 2 and foot-note.— 
 hymanaeos. In the hexameter the four-syllable ending is allow- 
 able in the case of Greek words. 
 
 653. quod gesserat. It is hard to say why Ilione wore a 
 sceptre. ^ ' 
 
 654. maxima, sc. natu. — colloqvie, etc., and for the neck a ^, 
 headed necklace and a double circlet of gold and gems. r-^T 
 
 656. ''Haec celerans, hastening to execute i/iese commands. 
 ^ 658. faciem mutatus et ora, having changed his form and 
 face. A. 240, c; H. 378. H-V C^OO . r"^ 
 
 659. veniat. Subj. of purpose.— donis, with incendat. — fu- 
 rentem is prophetic, lit. may inflame the frantic queen, for 
 may inflame the qiieen and make her frantic. 
 
 660. atque ossibus implicet ignem, and insinuate fire into 
 her veins, lit. bones, which is not our idiom. 
 
76 AENEIDOS. ^ u ^ 
 
 (>61. domum ambiguam, the treacherous house, probably 
 alluding to the Avickedness of Pygmalion. — Tyrios bilinguis. 
 The bad faith of the Carthaginians was so proverbial among the 
 Romans that Funica fides, "Punic faith," was a commoni^lace 
 for tneachery. 
 
 662. uiit, sc. earn. — atrox luno, the thou(/ht of cruel Juno 
 harasses her. — sub noct,em, as nifjht comes on. 
 
 603. his dictis. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. — aligerum, " compositum 
 a poeta nomen." 4^ -^kX^ 
 
 664. solvLS = ta qui solus es.'*"^'^ v-^w \\ 
 
 605. Patris suinmi = Jovi. — tela Typhoea, i.e. which slew 
 Typhoeus, the giant. Cupid was the only one who could prevail 
 against Jove. 
 
 660. tua numina posco, I bee/ aid of thy divinity. Accusative 
 of theperso/i. ^jy. ^\jJU^ <>^jUi^^, vv^<^ i^-^ *'^'~^^ AtJ^ 
 
 607. ut, /iott\ — pelago. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. r*-^--^ ''^^ 
 
 608. iactetur. A. 3o4 ; H. 529, I. The clause is subject of 
 nota. 
 
 669. nota, sc. sunt = notum est. This use of the plural is a 
 Greek idiom. H. 438, 3, N. — nostro = meo. 
 
 670. tenet, sc. eza^i. — blandis vocibus. A. 2^8; H. 420. 
 
 671. quo se, etc., and I fear vjhither Juno's hospitality turn 
 itself, i.e. what turn it may take. — lunonia, because entertained 
 in Juno's favourite city. 
 
 672. baud . . . rerum, Ju7w ivill not be inactive at such a 
 .turning-point of fortune. Supply luno as subject implied in 
 
 lunonia. ^"V^^"^ 0^-*-*-V^"^ '*'' '"A-^"'^-^'^ cr*— 
 
 673. ante, beforehand. v%.,X'^V*-^-''V^ 
 
 674. ne quo . . . mutet, lest she chanr/e throuc/h the influence 
 of any god, of course with especial reference to Juno. 
 
 675. mecum, xoith me, i.e. held as I am. — teneatur, se. ut, 
 implied from ne in 674. 
 
 670. Qua, sc. via. A. 248; H. 410, III. — possis. A. 334; 
 H. 529, I. The clause depends on accipe mentem. .^ .^ c^ ^\XJ^ " 
 
NOTES. 77 
 
 G77. Regius puer = Ascanius. — accitu. Cause. — urbem Sido- 
 
 ma,m. = Carthar/inem. "«>>-v.. — -vx- ,. 
 
 G79. pelago et flammis. Ablative of separatiou. A. 243, b; 
 H. 414r, N. 1. Some take it as dative. 
 
 — ^80. hunc ego, etc., him lulled in slumber deep ivill I hide in 
 some sacred shrine on lofty Cythera or on Idalium, lest in any 
 way he be able to learn our plots or to appear in their midf>t. 
 Such appearance would, of course, be fatal. — spmtum recondam 
 = sopiam et recondam.—somno. A. 245; HV4lb. — Cythera 
 was a mountainous island, hence the epithet alta. 
 
 681. sacrata sede signifies a temple consecrated to Venus. 
 
 682. ne qua, sc. via. — possit. Subj. of negative puri)ose. 
 
 683. faciem falle dolo, craftily personate his looks. — noctem. \Zi^ 
 V non amplius unam, not more than one night. A. 2 47, c ; 256 -f^^^^ 
 
 H. 417, N. 2 ; 379. ^vv-t 
 
 -f^ ^ 684. et notos . . . voltus, and assume the boy's ivell-knoivn 
 ^ features, thyself a boy, which would make the task easier. 
 
 ^,^,^JL 686. mtevmenssiS, amidst the banquet. Ct. inter pocula, inter 
 vina. — laticem Lyaeum, the jioioing vine. Lyaeus was a name 
 given Bacchus, from Kvetv, to loose, because he frees one from 
 care and anxiety. 
 
 688. fallasque veneno, sc. cam, beguile her loith the poison 
 of love. iiCy^ 
 
 689. dictis. A. 227 ; H. 385, I. CbO-V l^^ 'I ITU^^'-^ 
 
 690. gressu, with incedit.—gaMdens implies the zest with 
 which Cupid enters into the role. »vC''v\x<-'6">^^ X'•'l^■tA-^*'*^^ 
 
 -^ 692. inrigat, sheds deioy sleep, the rest coming down like / 
 dew or rain. — fotum, from foveo. — gremio. ^ A. 258, /; H. 425, ^C^ 
 II. 1. ' ^^^^^ 
 
 693. amaracus. The fragrance of the marjoram of Cyprus 
 was proverbial. 
 
 694. floribus et umbra, with complectitur. Abl. of means. — 
 adspirans, breathing forth fragrance upon him. ^ 
 
 695. ibat, portabat. Note the force of these imperfects. — 
 dicto. A. 227 ; H. 385, I. , ^^\. 
 
78 AEN FIDOS. 
 
 006. Tyriis, for the Tyrians. Dat. of the recipient. — duce 
 Achate denotes the cause of /aeitfs. (^ ^.^s^-v^^^^- A>^"'(rv-^^ 
 
 Gi)7. vgnit is historical present, and joined with the perfect 
 definite, coinposuit and locavit. — aulaeis superbis, beneath the 
 splendid tajjestrles, probably arranged as a canopy around Dido's 
 
 698. aurea is a dissyllable. — sponda. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 
 
 — mediamque locavit, so. se, from 697. — mediam is *' in the , x, 
 
 place of honour," between Aeneas and Ascanius, or with tlie ^ 
 
 Trojans on the one side and the Carthaginians on the other. K I / 
 
 700. stratoque super discumbitur ostro, and they recline ony^""^^ 
 purple coverlets, lit. it is reclined. A. 146, c ; H. 465, 1. This 
 description is an anachronism, the Roman customs being in the 
 poet's mind. In the heroic age people sat at banquets. 
 
 701 seq. Cf. Homer, Od. I. 106 seq. 'A handmaid bare water 
 for the washing of hands in a goodly golden ewer, and poured it 
 forth over a silver basin to wash withal, and drew to their side 
 a polished table. And a grave dame bare wheaten bread and 
 set it by them and laid on the board inany dainties, giving 
 freely of such things as she had by her. And a carver lifted and 
 placed by them platters of divers kinds of tlesh, and nigh them 
 he set golden bowls, and a henchman walked to and fro ])ouring ^. 
 out to them the wine' (B. and L.). — manibus, /ur the hands. ^ ■ 
 A. 224; H. 384. — Cererem = pa?iem. , Metonomy. — canistris. ^^ 
 A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. ^^v^ ^rv^^J-^^^-^ ^^ ^ UX:f^ ^ "'Zl^ 
 
 702. expediunt ^proferunt, they serve. — tonsis, ^tosety cut. 
 
 703. intus, i.e. in the kitchen. — famulae, sc. siint. — ordine, <^. '- 
 in proper order of courses. — longam penum = Zo/i^«m seriemj^jj[' 
 dapum, the long series of viands. ^ 
 
 704. cura, sc. est. — et flammis adolere Penates, and to light 
 the sacred hearth ivith flames. 
 
 705. aliae, sc. famulae sunt. — aetate. Abl. of respect. 
 
 706. qui. A. 187, b; H. 439, 2. — onerent et ponant. Subj. 
 of purpose. 
 
 707. Nee non et = et quoque, and the Tyrians too, a very rare 
 combination in Vergil, but cf. 748. A. 150; H. 553. — limina = 
 tecta. — frequentes, in crowds. 
 
NOTES. 79 
 
 708. pictis, sc. acu, embroidered. 
 
 710. flagrantis voltus. The god of love would naturally have 
 * glowing features.' 
 
 712. infelix Phoenissa, i.e. Dido. — pesti devota futurae, 
 doomed to coming destruction. ^f^ju^.iyO^ JU 
 
 713. expleri mentem. feL32o) NV— tuendo, a8 &he ga^r\ ^^^^^ 
 lit., in gazing. A. 301; H. 542, IV. (l^^^v^VoJ^-^-^ ^ (^^^ 
 
 716. falsi = non veri, i.e. prHended. — genitOTis is subjective. 
 
 717. Haec, s7ie. — oculis and pectore denote manner. 
 
 718. haeret, sc. innuero, clings to him. 
 
 719. insideat. Indirect question depending on nescia. — mise- 
 rae, sc. ci. A. 228 ; H. 386. , ^^^^ 
 
 720. matris. A. 218, %Vl^. SOgTi. 2. — Acidaliae, so called 
 from a spring in Boeotia, where she was wont to bathe.— 
 Sychaeum, i.e. the memojry of Sychaeus. 
 
 721. vivo amore, i.e. love for a living person. — praevertere, 
 to x>reoccupy. 
 
 X 722. iam pridem, etc., her spirits now long cold and heart 
 
 now dead to love. 
 ,-^723. quies, sc. A/iY. — epulis. Dative. — mensae remotae, 
 
 sc. siint, is literally true. Cf. 216, N. 
 721. crateras magnos, great boivls in which the wine was 
 
 mixed with water. A. 64; H. 68. -vina coronant, wreathe the 
 
 wine ivith floioers, i.e. cover the bowls with garlands of floweps^^^^ 
 
 725. tectis. A. 225, 6 ; H. 380, 4. (J^^^ ^^' 
 
 726. laquearibus aureis, from the gilded fretted ceilings. 
 A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 
 
 727. incensi, ore lighted and hang. 
 
 728. Hie, hereupon. Cf. the temporal sense of hinc, vbi, etc. 
 — gravem gemmis auroque, cup heavy vnth gems and gold, by 
 hendiadys for a massive cup of gold studded loith gems. 
 
 729. quam is governed by implere, to be supplied with soliti 
 in 730. — omnes, sc. orti. 
 
80 AENEIDOS. 
 
 730. a Belo, from Belus, the first kins: of Tyre, not Dido's 
 father. — soliti, sc. erant implere vino, —facta, sc. sunt. 
 
 731. hospitibus in its true sense of hospitalities, including 
 both guests and hosts. — nam implies an ellipsis, and I call upon 
 thee, for. 
 
 732. laetum. Cf. laetum augnrium. — Txoid^ profectis, sc. 
 Us, to those having set out from Troy. 
 
 733. velis. A. 26G; H. 4S4. I. — huius, sc. diei. For the case, 
 A. 219: H. 40f), II. — meminisse. For the tense, A. 143, N. ; 
 H. 297, I. 2. — minores, posterity. 
 
 734. bona luno, kindly Juno. 
 
 735. coetum = convivium. " And ye Tyriaus throng the feast 
 with friendly spirit." 
 
 736. laticum honorem, the offering of ivine. — libavit. It 
 was the custom to jiour out a small portion of the wine as an 
 offering to the gods. 
 
 737. libato, sc. honore (abl. abs.) =postquam lihatum est. — 
 summo tenus ore, lit., as far as the tip of her mouth, i.e. she 
 merely touched it with her lips. 
 
 738. Bitias is a Carthaginian. — increpitans, i.e. inviting him 
 to drink. — ille inpiger, etc., he eagerly drained the foaming 
 goblet and dreiic/ied himself from the brimming golden cup, i.e. 
 with its contents. 
 
 740. proceres. sc. Imuserunt. — Cithara aurata, iritli his 
 golden harp. — CTinitus, long haired, in imitation of Apollo, the 
 patron of poets and musicians. 
 
 741. personat, /?7/.s- tlie room with sound. — Atlas had a pro- 
 found knowledge of physics and astronomy, according to all the 
 legends, and is introduced here as of African origin. 
 
 742. Hie, i.e. lopas. — Note the chiastic arrangement, errantem 
 lunam, solisque labores ; also the use of the accusative after 
 canit. — labores, eclipses. 
 
 743. unde, sc. sint. — ignes probably is for fulmina. 
 
 744. pluvias, because they set at nightfall in the rainy months. 
 
 745. 746. Copied from Georgic II. 481, 482. Why the days are 
 
NOTES. 81 
 
 so short in winter and so long in summer. The ancients believed 
 that the sun set in the ocean. — noctibus. A. 228; H. 386. 
 
 747. Ingeminant plausu, applaud rej^eatedhj . 
 
 748. Nee non et. See 707. — sermone: manner. —trahebat, 
 was prolonging. -v 
 
 749. infelix. See 712, 719. — longumque bibebat amorem, 
 and deep the draught of love she drank. 
 
 7.51. Aurorae filius, the beautiful Memnon. Cf. 489. 
 
 752. Diomedis equi, sc. essent. Vergil has perhaps mixed up 
 the horses of Diomede, the Thracian, which ate human flesh, 
 and those of Diomede in the Iliad, or the reference may be 
 merely to Diomede in his war-chariot. — Achilles, sc. esset. 
 
 753. Immo, nai/, rather, i.e. instead of answering such ques- 
 tions, tell us the whole story. — hospes, mij guest. 
 
 755. septima aestas {=septimus amius), for now the seventh 
 summer bears thee a wanderer on land and sea. The desired 
 story of Aeneas is contained in the second and third books. 
 
VOOABULAEY. 
 
VOOABULAEY. 
 
 (LATIN-ENGLISH.) 
 
 a, ab, prep. lo. abl, from, forth 
 
 ^ from ; of the agent, by. 
 
 Abas, -antis, m., Abas, 121. 
 
 abdo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. a., 
 put aside, shut up, 60. [ab ; 
 do.] 
 
 S.b'eo, -Ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., go 
 away, depart, 196, 415. [ab ; 
 eo.] 
 
 ab'dleo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 blot out, 720. [root OL or 
 OLE = grow ; cp. subOLes, 
 prOLes.] 
 
 ab-reptus, -a, -um, part, of 
 
 abripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, 
 v.a., carry off, 108. [ab; 
 rapio.] 
 
 ab'sisto, -ere, -stiti, — , v.n., de- 
 sist, cease, 192. [ab; sisto, re- 
 duplicated form of root STA.] 
 
 ab'sum, -esse, -fui, v.n., be 
 wanting, 584. [ab ; sum.] 
 
 absumo, -ere, -sumpsi, -sump- 
 tum, v.a., take away, remove, 
 555. [ab ; sumo = sub'emo.] 
 
 Sic, co-ord. conj., and, and 
 moreover (only before con- 
 sonants) . 
 
 acanthus, -i, m., bear's foot, so 
 called from the resemblance 
 of its leaf to a bear's claw; 
 649, 711. 
 
 ac-cedo, -ere, -ssi, -ssum, v.n., 
 approach, 307, 509. [ad; 
 cede] 
 
 acxendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., 
 inflame. [ad ; root CAN, 
 root CAND= shine; cp. can- 
 didus = shining, white ; can- 
 dela, candeo.] 
 
 ac'census, -a, -um, inflamed, 
 enraged, 29. [accendere.] 
 
 ac'cestis, syncopated form for 
 accessistis, 201. 
 
 acxingo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 gird, [ad ; cingo = surround.] 
 
 ac'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 v.a., receive, 304, 434; let in, 
 123; welcome, 290, 685 ; hear, 
 
 676. [ad; capio.] 
 ac'citus, -us, m., a summons, 
 
 677. [ad ; cit-, supine stem 
 of eieo.] 
 
 ac'cumbo, -ere, -cflbui, -cubi- 
 
 tum, v.n., recline, sit, 79. 
 acer, acris, acre, adj., brave, 
 
 85 
 
86 
 
 LA TIN-EN GLISH 
 
 spirited, 220, 444. [root AK, j 
 which is short in Scus, 
 needle, acies, etc.] 
 
 acerbus, -a, -urn, adj., bitter, 
 cruel, (JG.S. [root AK.] 
 
 Acestes, -ae, m., a companion 
 of Aeneas. 
 
 Achates, -ae and -i, m., the 
 armour-bearer and friend of 
 
 ^ Aeneas. 
 
 Achilles, -is, m., the best war- 
 rior and fiercest temper of 
 the Greeks at Troy, son of 
 Peleus, king of Thessaly, 
 and Thetis, a sea-nymph, 
 
 ^ 458, 475, 752. Achilli, (/en. oO. 
 
 Achivi, -orum, m., Achaeans 
 or Greeks, 488. 
 
 Acidaiius, -a, -um, adj., Acida- 
 liau, an epithet of Venus 
 from the Acidalian fount in 
 Boeotia where the Graces, 
 Venus' attendants, bathed. 
 
 S,cies, -ei, /., line, line of battle, 
 489. [root AK, sharp; cj). 
 acer, acus, needle.] 
 
 actus, -a, -um, driven, espe- 
 cially by some higher power 
 {e.g. luno, the wintls, etc.) ; 
 32," 240, 333, 391. [part, of 
 
 JlgO.] 
 
 acutus, -a, -um, adj., sharp, 
 pointed, 45, 144. [part, of 
 acuCre, sharpen ; root AK.] 
 
 ad, prep. w. ace, against, 24 ; 
 towards, 93; to, 8(5, 103, etc.; 
 to, met. 64. 
 
 ad'do, -dCre, -didi, -ditum, v.a., 
 give in addition, add, 2G8, 
 592. [ad; do.] 
 
 ad'eo, -Ire, -li, -itum, v.n., ap- 
 proach, encounter, 10. [eo, 
 so.] 
 ad'eo, adv., to such an extent, 
 so, 567. [ad ; eo = to that 
 point.] 
 adflictus, -a, -um, shattered, 
 
 452. [ad; fligo.] 
 ad'flo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 breathe into, inspire, 591. 
 ad'for, -fari, -fatus sum, ?'. dep., 
 
 address, 063. [ad ; for, cp. 
 
 fama, <f)>)/xt.] 
 adforein,/ro??i adsum, 576. 
 adhuc, adv., hitherto, as yet, 
 
 547. 
 ad'loquor, -i, -luciitus sum, v. 
 
 dep., address, 229, 594. [ad ; 
 
 loquor.] 
 adnitor, -i, -nixus and -nisus, 
 
 V. dep., lean against, 144. 
 
 [ad : nitor.] 
 ad'no, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 swim to, 538. [ad ; no.] 
 adnuo, -ere, -ui, v.n., promise 
 
 with a nod, 250. [root NU = 
 
 nod ; cp. 7iu-tus, nu-to, a.h-mio 
 
 = I refuse with a nod.] 
 adSleo, -ere, -ui, v.a., light up, 
 
 704, n. [(1) root OD, 0L = 
 
 smell ; (2) root OLE = grow.] 
 ad'oro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 worship, honour, 48. [ad; 
 
 oro.] 
 adpello, -Cre, -puli, -pulsum, 
 
 r.<(., drive to, 377. [ad; 
 
 pello.] 
 adspiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 breathe forth, (594. [ad; 
 
 spiro.] 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 87 
 
 adsto, -are, -iti, -itum, v.7i., 
 stand by (ad suggesting at- 
 tention), 152. [ad; sto.] 
 
 ad'sum, -esse, -fui, v.n., am 
 present, 595, 73i. [ad ; sum.] 
 
 ad'surgo, -ere, -surrexi, -sur- 
 rectum, v.n., rise, 535. [ad; 
 surge] 
 
 ad-veho, -ere, -vexi, -vectura. 
 v.a., bear to, 558. [ad ; veho.] 
 
 ad'venio, -ire, -veui, -ventum, 
 v.n., come to, 388. [ad; 
 venio.] 
 
 ad- versus, -a, -um, adj., oppo- 
 site, 16G, 420. Neut.pl. adv., 
 full in front, 103. [adverto.] 
 
 ad'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., 
 turn towards, [ad ; verto.J 
 
 ad'ultus, -a, -um, full grown, 
 [part, of adolesco.] 
 
 Aeacides, -ae, m., Aeacides, 
 son (at 99 grandson) of Aea- 
 cus, the king of Aegina. The 
 name applies to his son 
 Peleus, grandson Achilles, 
 great - grandson Pyrrhus. 
 [patronymic of Aeacus.] 
 
 aeger, -gra, -grum, adj., sick, 
 siek at heart, 208, 351. 
 
 Aeneadae, -arum or -vim, m. pi., 
 followers of Aeneas, 167, 565. 
 [patronymic of Aeneas.] 
 
 Aeneas, -ae, m., s. of Anchises 
 and Venus, the hero of the 
 Aeneid. [Gk. Aii-eta?.] 
 
 aenum, -i, n., chaldron, 213. 
 [aes (aeris), copper, bronze.] 
 
 ^enus, -a, -um, brazen, 449. 
 
 Aedlia, -ae,/., the home of the 
 winds, Lipara one of the 
 
 Aeolian islands north of 
 
 Sicily; 52 ff. 
 Aedlus, -i, m., king of the 
 
 winds, 52 ff. 
 aequo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 make equal, divide fairly, 
 
 193, 508. [aequus.] 
 aequdr, -oris, n., surface of the 
 
 sea, sea, 29, 67, etc. ; pi., 43, 
 
 142, etc. [aequus, level.] 
 aequus, -a, -um, adj., propi- 
 tious, 479. 
 aer, aeris, m., air, 300; mist, 
 
 411. [= Greek o^p, which 
 
 accounts for ace. sing. 
 
 aera.] 
 aereus, -a, -um, adj., brazen, 
 
 bronze, 448. [aes.] 
 aes, aeris, n., copper, esp. 
 
 bronze, 33, 449. [^'.e. an alloy 
 
 of copper with tin ; not brass, 
 
 which is an alloy of copper 
 
 with zinc] 
 aestas, -atis, /., summer, 265, 
 
 430, 756. [= the burning time, 
 
 root IDH = burn; cp. aedes, 
 
 the place of a fire.] 
 aestus, -us, vi., surging flood, 
 
 107. [i.e. boiling, from root 
 
 IDH ; see aestas.] 
 aetas, -atis, /., age, time, 283. 
 
 [contr. from aevitas.] 
 aether, -eris, m., upper air, 
 
 heaven, 90, 223, 379; air, 
 
 587. [Gk. aie-np.] 
 aetherius, -a, -um, adj., of 
 
 heaven, lofty, 394. 
 Agenor, -oris, in., king of 
 
 Phoenicia, and so an ancestor 
 
 of Dido, 338. 
 
88 
 
 L A TIN-EN GL TSH 
 
 agger, -6ris, m., heap, 112. 
 
 [ad; gero.] 
 agm§n. -inis, n., close order, 
 
 baud, 82, ISfi, 393, 434, 4iK). 
 
 [root AG ; cp. ago.] 
 agnosco, -ere, -gnovi, -gnitum, 
 
 v.a., recognise, 40(5, 470, 488. 
 
 [root (iNO, GNA ; cp. nomen.] 
 agnus, -i, ni., lamb, 035. 
 3,go, -ere, egi, actum, v.a., 
 
 drive, 70, 117, 191 ; treat, 574 ; 
 
 imperative, S-ge, 753, S,gite, 
 
 027 = come. 
 Aiax, -iicis, m., Ajax, the lesser, 
 
 the son of Olleus. [Gk. Aia?.] 
 aio, ais, ait, r. defect., say, 142, 
 
 297, 438, 595. 
 ala, -ae, /., wing, 301, 397, 689. 
 
 [contr. from axilla.] 
 Alb§,, -ae, /., Alba Longa, a 
 
 long ridge about 15 miles 
 
 S.E. of Rome, where Aeneas' 
 
 successors reigned until the 
 
 founding of Rome. 
 Albanus, -a, -uni, adj., Alban, 
 
 of Alba, 7. 
 al§s, -itis, m.f., bird; lovis a., 
 
 eagle, 394. [ala.] 
 Aletes, -ae and -is, m., a com- 
 panion of Aeneas. [iArynj?, 
 
 wanderer.] 
 aliger, -gCra, -ggrum, adj., 
 
 winged, (i()3. [ala; gero.] 
 S,liquis, -qua, -quid, adj., some, 
 
 4()3. [ali- = some, quis.] 
 aiitSr, adr., otherwise, 399. 
 
 [alis = alius, -ter; cp. fortiter, 
 
 breviter.] 
 S,lius, -a, -lid, adj., other, an- 
 other ; 2il- , others ; answering 
 
 to pars, 213; alii . . . alii, 
 some . . . others, 427. [c}). 
 Gk. aAAo9, Eng. else.] 
 
 al'ligo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 bind, 109. [ad; ligo.] 
 
 almus, -a, -um, adj., kindly, 
 genial, 300, 018. [contr. from 
 alimus, alo = nourish ; cp. Gk. 
 
 Tp60i(U.os //*0»i Tpc(/)a;.] 
 
 alte, -ins, -issime, adv., high, 
 337, 500. [alius.] 
 
 altSr, -era, -erum, adj., a 
 second, 544. [root AL, cp. 
 alius ; -ter = dual termina- 
 tion, cf. neuter, uter.] 
 
 altum, -i, n., the deep, 3; deep 
 Avater, 110. [altus.] 
 
 altus, -a, -um, adj., high, 01, 
 95, 189, etc.; deep, 20, 209; 
 glorious, 7. [orig. part, of 
 alo.] 
 
 S,inans, -antis, m.f., lover, 
 loving wife, 352. [amo.] 
 
 S,niar§,cus, -i, mf., marjo- 
 ram. 
 
 Amazdnis, -idis, /., Amazon, 
 one of a tribe of female 
 warriors who dwelt on the 
 Thennodon. 
 
 ambages, -is, /., circuit, pi. 
 details, 'M2. [root AMB, cp. 
 Gk. (iur^i ; ago.] 
 
 ambiguus, -a, -um, adj., faith- 
 less, [amb-tgo, i.e. ambago.] 
 
 ambo, -:ie, -o, adj. plur., both, 
 
 4r)S. [i-p. Gk. a(a0a>.] 
 
 ambrSsius, -a, -um, adj., am- 
 brosial, [lit. immortal: Am- 
 brosia was the food of the 
 Olympian gods.] 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 89 
 
 amictus, -us, m., cloak, 412. 
 
 [aniifio.] 
 amictus, -a, -urn, jxirt., clad. 
 
 famicio.] 
 amicus, -i,m., friend, 486. [cp. 
 
 aiuo.] 
 a'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 lose. j 
 
 S,mor, -oris, m., love, 344, 644, j 
 
 etc.; pL, 350; longing for,; 
 
 lust after, 171, 349. Love, 
 
 i.e. Cupid, the son of Venus, 
 
 663, 689, f. 
 amplexus, -us, m., an embrace, 
 
 687. [amplector.] 
 amplius, adv., more (does not 
 
 iutluence the constr.), 683. 
 
 [comp. of ample.] 
 amplus, -a, -um, adj., spacious, 
 
 725. 
 Amycus, -i, m., one of Aeneas' 
 
 followers, 221. 
 an, covj., or, or whether. 
 Anchises, -ae, m., father of 
 
 Aeneas, who carried him 
 
 from burning Troy on his 
 
 shoulders ; he died in Sicily. 
 anchora, -ae,/., anchor-, 
 anima, -ae,/., breath of life, 
 animus, -i, m., mind, 11, 26, 
 
 149, etc.; disposition, 304; 
 
 2)1, spirits, 202, 722; rage, 
 
 57, 153. 
 annales, -ium, pL, history, 373. 
 
 [sc. libri, annus.] 
 annus, -i, m., year. [cp. anus, 
 
 a ring.] 
 ante, adr. of time, before, 198, 
 
 374, 673; prep. w. ace, of 
 
 place, 95, 114, etc. ; met. 347. 
 
 Antenor, -oris, m., a Trojan, 
 
 who, after the fall of Troy, 
 
 settled in Patavium. 
 Antheus (dissyllable), -60s, m., 
 
 a follower of Aeneas, 
 antiquus, -a, -um, adj., ancient, 
 
 12, 375, etc. ; old in story, 531. 
 antrum, -i, n., a cave, cavern, 
 
 52. [ai'Tpoi'.] 
 
 aper, -pri, m., wild boar, 324. 
 aperio, -ire, -ui, -rtum, v.a., 
 
 open, make a way through, 
 
 107, 146. 
 §,pertus, -a, -um, part., open, 
 
 clear, 155, 394, 587. [aperio.] 
 apis, -is,/., bee, 430. 
 appareo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.7i., 
 
 appear, am to be seen, 118. 
 
 [ad ; pareo.] 
 applico, -are, -ui, -itum (-avi, 
 
 -atum), v.a., drive to, 616. 
 
 [ad ; plico.] 
 apto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 fashion, 552. [root AP = fit,] 
 apud, pre;:', loith ace, at, in, 
 
 among, with, 
 aqua, -ae, /., water, 105; p?., 
 „ 167. 
 Aquilo, -onis, m., north wind, 
 
 Aquilo, 102; pZ., 391. [cp. 
 
 aquila.] 
 ara, -ae, /• usu. pi., altar, 49, 
 
 334, 355 ; of the Penates, 349 ; 
 
 The Altars, 109. 
 arbor, -oris,/., tree, 311. 
 arbdreus, -a, -um, adj., branch- 
 ing, 199. [arbor.] 
 arcanum, -i, n., a secret, hid- 
 den thing, 262. [root ARC = 
 
 keep close; cp. arceo.] 
 
90 
 
 Lji TIN-EyOLISII 
 
 arceo, -ere, i\a., keep away, 
 
 ol : drive forth, -iSo. 
 Arcturus, -i, m., the brightest 
 
 star iu constellation Bootes; 
 
 hence, the constellation it- 
 self, lU. 
 arcus, -us, m., bow, 187, 318. 
 ardeo, -ere, arsi, arsum, v.n., ! 
 
 blaze. 
 ardesco, -ere, arsi, v.n., kindle, 
 
 become enamoured, 713. 
 argentum, -i, n., silver, 359, 
 
 olKJ; silver plate, 640. [root 
 
 ARG = white.] 
 Argi, -oruui, m., Argos, a city 
 
 iu North-East Peloponnese, 
 
 24. 285. 
 Argivi, -orum, m., Argives, i.e. 
 
 Greeks, 40. 
 Argivus, -a, -um, adj., Argive, 
 
 (I.IO. 
 
 aridus, -a, -um, adj., dry, 175. 
 arma, -orura, n., arms, 
 armentum, -i, ii., a herd, a 
 
 drove, 185. [aro = plough.] 
 arrectus, -a, -um, excited, 152, 
 
 57i); part. of. 
 arrigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, 
 
 r.d., excite, [ad; rego.] 
 ars, artis, /., art, skill, 039; 
 
 pL, tricks, 057. [root AR = 
 
 fit.] 
 artifex, -ficis, m.f., artist, 455. 
 
 [ars: facio.] 
 artus, -uum, m.plur., the limbs, 
 
 \i:\. [root AR = fit.] 
 artus, -a, -um, fast, 293. 
 
 [arceo.] 
 arvum, -i, n., field, 246, 569, 
 
 [aro = plough.] 
 
 AscS,nius. -i, m., Aeneas' son, 
 also called liilus, 267, 645, 
 659, 691. 
 
 a'scendo. -ere, -di, -sum, v.n., 
 climb up, mount, 419. [ad; 
 scando.] 
 
 Asia, -ae,/'., Asia. 
 
 a'specto, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 look upon, 420. [ad; specto.] 
 
 aspectus, -us, m., sight, 613. 
 [supine stem of aspicio.] 
 
 asper, -era, -erum, adj., rough, 
 harsh, 279, 291 ; sup., asper- 
 rimus, 14. 
 
 a'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum, 
 v.a., look upon, 393, 526. 
 
 Assaracus, -i, m., Assaracus, 
 king of Troy, grandfather of 
 Anchises, great grandfather 
 of Aeneas, 284. 
 
 ast, cQ-aj., but (not so strong 
 as sed), 4(5, 116. 
 
 asto, -are, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., 
 alight, 301. [ad; sto.] 
 
 astrum, -i, n., star, 287. [Eng. 
 star.] 
 
 at, conj., but, 267, 305, 543, 637, 
 657, 691. 
 
 ater, -tra, -trum, adj., black, 
 dark, (50, 89, 511. 
 
 Atlas, -antis, m.. Atlas, one of 
 the Titans, and brother of 
 Prometheus and Epimetheus. 
 "When conquered by Jove he 
 was changed into the moun- 
 tain in North-West Africa 
 which still bears his name, 
 741. 
 
 atqu6, conj., and, and more- 
 over. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 91 
 
 Atrides, -ae, m., Atrides, son 
 
 of Atreus ; pi., Atridae, Aga- 
 memnon and Menelans. ['At- 
 
 peL8-n<;, patronymic of Arpeu?.] 
 atrium, -i, n., hall; p^., halls, 
 
 720. 
 atrox, -ocis, adj., fierce, 662. 
 attingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum, 
 
 r.a., touch, sip, 737. 
 at'tollo, -ere (no per/, or sup.), 
 
 v.a., lift up, 354. 
 audeo, -ere, ausus sum, semi- 
 
 dep., dare, 134, 493. 
 audio, -Ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 
 hear, 20, 32G, 373, 409. \cp. 
 
 auris.] 
 augiirium, -i, n., augury, 392. 
 
 [augur = bird-watcher.] 
 aula, -ae,/., hall, 140. 
 aulaeum, -i, n. pi., aulaea, 
 
 curtains over a couch, 697. 
 
 [aula.] 
 aura, -ae, /., air, breeze, 59; 
 
 breath of "life, 387, 54(3. 
 auratus, -a, -um, adj., golden, 
 
 741. [aurum.] 
 aureus, -a, -um, adj., golden, 
 
 492, 698, 726. [aurum.] 
 auris, -is,/., ear, 152, 375. \cp. 
 
 audio.] 
 Aurora, -ae,/., Aurora, goddess 
 
 of dawn, 751. [cp. aurum.] 
 aurum, -i, n., gold, [root UR 
 
 = burn ; cp. Aurora.] 
 Auster, -tri, m., the south 
 
 wind personified, 51, 536. 
 ausus, -a, -um, (participle of 
 
 audeo), ventured. 
 aut, conj., or; aut . . . aut, 
 
 either . . . or. [cp. alterum.] 
 
 auxilium, -i, n., help, 358, 571, 
 
 621. [augeo.] 
 avarus, -a, -um, adj., avari- 
 cious, 363. [aveo = long for.] 
 a'velio, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, 
 
 v.a., carry off, 512. 
 a" versus, -a, -um, jJart., turned 
 
 away, i.e. unfavourable, 482. 
 a'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., 
 
 drive back, 38 ; turn aside, 
 
 104 ; drive off, 472. 
 avidus, -a, -um, adj., eager, 
 
 514. [aveo.] 
 
 Bacatus, -a, -um, adj., beaded 
 
 (of pearls), 655. [baca = a 
 
 berry.] 
 Bacchus, -i, m., the god of 
 
 wine, 734; hence by Me- 
 
 tonomy, wine, 215. 
 barbarus, -a, -um, adj., sav^e, 
 
 539. [8ap/3apo?,] 
 
 beatus, -a, -um, adj., blessed, 
 happy, 94. [cj). bene, bo- 
 nus.] 
 
 bellatrix, -tricis, adj., warrior, 
 493. [fern, of bellator.] 
 
 bello, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., to 
 war, 466. [bellum.] 
 
 bellum, -i, n., war, 5, 14, 23, 
 48, etc. [=duellum.] 
 
 Belus, -i, VI., (i.) the first king 
 of Tyre, 729; (ii.) Dido's 
 father, 621. 
 
 benignus, -a, -um, adj., kindly, 
 304. [bene; root GEN, cp. 
 malignus.] 
 
 bibo, -ere, bibi, bibitum, v.a., 
 drink, 473, 749. [redupl. root 
 BO ; cp. po-tus, po-culum.] 
 
92 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 brlinguis, -e, adj., double- 
 t()iiL;ued, (j()l. [bi-, lingua.] 
 
 bini, -ae, -a, two (poetically 
 for duo). 
 
 bi-remis, is, /., galley, a ship 
 with two tiers of oars, 182. 
 [remus.] 
 
 bis. numerical adv., twice, 71, 
 ;;81, 393. 
 
 Bitias, -ae, m., Bitias, a Car- 
 thaginian. 
 
 blandus, -a, -urn, adj., fond, 
 civvessing, 070. 
 
 bSnus, -a, -um, adj., good, 
 kindly, 195, 734. 
 
 brgvia, -ium, n. pL, shoals, 
 111. [brevis.] 
 
 brSvitSr, adv., briefly, 561. 
 [brevis.] 
 
 Byrsa, -ae, /., the citadel of 
 Carthage, 307. [Perhaps 
 Greek corruption of Bozrah.] 
 
 Cado, -6re, cecidi, casum, v.n., 
 
 full. 3;^: push, 154. 
 cadus, -i, ui., cask, 195. [/caSo?.] 
 caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind, 
 
 blinded, 349 ; passive, hidden, 
 
 3.')(), 530. 
 caedes, -is, /., slaughter, 471. 
 
 [caedo = slay.] 
 caelestis, -e, adj., heavenly, 
 
 11, 387. [caelum.] 
 caelo, -lire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 carve, chase, emboss, 040. 
 caelum, -i, n., heaven, sky, 
 
 clime, 331. 
 Caesar, -ilris, m., i.e. Augustus, 
 
 the first Roman emperor and 
 
 patron of Vergil ; born B.C. 63, 
 
 became undisputed master of 
 
 the Roman world by the bat- 
 tle of Actium, B.C. 31 ; died, 
 
 A.D. 14. 
 caesaries, -ei,/., flowing locks, 
 
 590. 
 Caicus, -i, m., a Trojan, 183. 
 caleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., glow. 
 campus, -i, m., plain, 97. 
 canistrum, -i, n., basket, 701. 
 cd,no, -ere, cecini, cantum, v.a. 
 
 and n., sing, 1, 742. 
 cantus, -us, m., singing, song, 
 
 .398. [cuno.] 
 canus. -a, -um, adj., hoary, 
 
 ancient, 292. 
 cd,pesso, -ere, -esslvi, -essitum, 
 
 v.a., perform, 77. 
 c5.pio, -ere, cepi, captum, r.o., 
 
 take, seize, 073; choose, 396. 
 cS,put, -itis, n., head, 110, 127, 
 
 189, 444. 
 CS,pys, -yos, m., a companion of 
 
 Aeneas, 183. 
 career, -eris, 7n., prison, 54, 
 
 141. 
 cardo, -inis, m., hinge, 449; 
 
 critical moment, crisis, 672. 
 carpo, -Cre, -psi, -ptum, r.a., 
 
 seize upon; c. auras = to 
 
 bx-eathe. 
 carus, -a, -um, adj., dear, be- 
 loved, 24; act ir^e, loving, (J4:(}, 
 
 ()77. [Fr. cher.] 
 casus, -us, in., fall, mishap, 
 
 disaster, evil fate, [cado.] 
 castrd,, -Orum, 7i.pL, camp, 472. 
 
 [cp. casa = hut.] 
 caterva, -ae, /., company, 
 
 497. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 93 
 
 causa, -ae, /., cause, reason, 8, 
 
 25, 414. 
 cS,vatus, -a, -um, adj., hollow, 
 
 hollowed, 310. 
 cavus, -a, -um, adj., hollow, 
 
 81 ; enshrouding, 516. 
 cSlebro, -rire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 solemnise, 735. [celeber ; cp. 
 
 creber.] 
 c61er, -eris, -ere, adj., quick, 
 
 1ST. 
 celero, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 hasten, 357, 656. [celer.] 
 cella, -ae,/., cell, 433. 
 celo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 hide. [cp. clam, oc-cm^-o.] 
 celsus, -a, -um, adj., high, 
 
 lofty, 56, 183. [root CEL; 
 
 cp. collis, ex'ceUo.] 
 centum, numeral adj., one hun- 
 dred, 272, 295, etc. 
 Cerealis, -e, adj., of Ceres, i.e. 
 
 of corn, 177. [Ceres.] 
 Ceres, Cereris, /., the goddess. 
 
 of agriculture, hence, by 
 
 Metonomy, corn, 177; bread, 
 
 701. 
 cerno, -ere, crevi, cretum, v.a., 
 
 perceive, 258, 365, 413, 440. 
 
 [cp. crimen.] 
 certe, adv., surely, 234, 328. 
 
 [certus.] 
 certo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 strive, rival, 548. [root CER 
 
 = decide.] 
 certus, -a, -um, adj., fixed, 62; 
 
 selected, trusty, 551, 576. 
 cervix, -Icis,/., neck, 402,477. 
 cervus, -i, m., stag, 184. 
 cesso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n.. 
 
 lag, be inactive, 672. [frequ. 
 
 of cede] 
 ceterus, -a, -um, adj., other, 
 
 the rest of; usually plural. 
 
 [perhaps akin to 'eT€po<;.'] 
 chdrus, -i, m., choir, band, 449. 
 
 [xopo;.] 
 
 cieo, -ere, civi, citum, v.a., 
 
 arouse, stir up, 541. 
 cingo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 surround, 112; invest, 673; 
 
 gird, 398. 
 cingulum, -i, n., belt, 492. 
 
 [cingo.] 
 circum, (i.) prep, with ace, 
 
 around, 32, 56, etc.; after 
 
 its case, 466. (ii.) adverb, 
 
 around, 117, 175, 311, 412. 
 
 [petrified ace. ; cp. adversum, 
 
 coram, partim.] 
 circum'do, -dare, -dedi, -da- 
 tum, v.a., put around, i.e. set 
 
 in, 593 ; encomj)ass, 368. 
 circum -f undo, -ere, -fudi, 
 
 -fusum, v.a., pour around, 
 circum-fusus, -a, -um, part., 
 
 poured around, enveloping, 
 
 586. 
 circum texo, -ere, -ui, -turn, 
 
 v.a., weave around, 
 circum'textus, -a, -um, part., 
 
 woven around, 649. 
 cithara, -ae, /., lute, 740. 
 
 [/cifJapa.] 
 
 citius, adv., more quickly, 
 quicker, 140. [citus.] 
 
 citus, -a, -um, adj., quick, 301.. 
 [cieo.] 
 
 clam, adv., secretly, 350. [see: 
 celo.] 
 
94 
 
 LA Tiy-ENGLISH 
 
 clamor, -oris, m., shoutius, <S7, 
 
 oli-l, oil), [root CAL, CLA, 
 ' =call.] 
 clarus, -a, -um, atlj., clear, 
 
 5S.S; ijlorious, 284; illus- 
 trious, 550. 
 classis, -is, /., tleet, 39, 128, 
 
 etc. 
 claudo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., ! 
 
 sliut, lil, etc. ; shut in, 
 
 311. 
 claustrum, -i, n., barrier, 5G. 
 
 [claudo.] 
 Cloanthus, -i, m., one of 
 
 Aeneas' followers, 222, 510, 
 
 012. 
 coepi, -isse, begin, 521. 
 coetus, -us, m., throng, 398; 
 
 festal gatliering, 735. [co- 
 itus = going together.] 
 co'gnitus, -a, -um, part., heard 
 
 of, (i23. 
 cognomen, -Tuis, n., surname, 
 
 nauio, 2()7, (523. 
 co'gnosco, -ere, -gnovi, -gni- 
 
 tum, v.a., learn, [root GNA 
 
 = know.] 
 cogo, -ere, coegi, coactum, 
 
 r.d.. compel, 5(53. [co-ago.] 
 coliectus, -a, -um, part. pass. 
 
 of col'llgere, gathered, 1-13, 
 
 170; in middle sense, having 
 
 gatliered, 320. 
 colligo, -ere, -Icgi, -lectum, 
 
 ?j.((., gather together, 
 collis, -is, m., hill, 419. [see 
 
 cclsus.] 
 collum, -i, ??., neck, 654, 715. 
 >c51o, -ere, colui, cultum, v.a., 
 
 till, 532 ; cherish, 10. 
 
 colonus, -i, m., settler, 12. 
 
 [colo.] 
 cdlumna, -ae,/., pillar, 428. 
 c6ma, -ae, /., hair, 319, 403, 
 
 47 1 . [/c6ju.7j.] 
 cdmitatus, -a, -um, accom- 
 panied, 312. 
 cdmitor, -firi, -atus sum, v. dep., 
 
 accompany. 
 commissum, -i, n., a crime, 
 
 13(i. 
 com'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 ?'./(., tommit a crime, 231. 
 commdveo, -ere, -movi, -mo- 
 
 tum, v.a., move, stir, 126, 
 
 300. 
 compages, -is, /., fastening, 
 
 122, 293. [con; PAG = fix, 
 
 cp. paugo.] 
 compello, -are, -fivi, -atum, 
 
 v.a., address, 581. [root PEL 
 
 = speak; op. apello.] 
 compello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum, 
 
 r.a., drive. 
 complector, -ti, -plexus, v. 
 
 dep., embrace, 094. [con; 
 
 PLEC = fold.] 
 complexus, -us, m., embrace, 
 
 715. 
 compono, -ere, -posui, -posi- 
 
 tum, v.a., calm, 135 ; lay to 
 
 rest, 249, .374. 698. 
 compostus, = compositus,/?*om 
 
 comi>ono, 249. 
 compulsus, -a, -um, part., 
 
 driven. 
 concilio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 make a friend to, 79. [con; 
 
 CAL = call, i.e. call together.] 
 conclude, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 05 
 
 shut in, i.e. mark out, 425. 
 [claudo.] 
 
 conxurro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., 
 engage in battle with, 493. 
 
 concursus, -us, m., assem- 
 blage, 509. 
 
 con-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, u.a., 
 found, build, 5, 33, 276, etc. 
 
 confido, -ere, -fisus sum, v.7i., 
 trust, 452. 
 
 con-fugio,-ere, -fugi, -fugitum, 
 r.»., tiee for refuge, 666. 
 
 con"gressus, -iis, in,, a coming 
 together, match, 475. [gra- 
 dior.] 
 
 coniungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, 
 r.a., join together, 514. 
 
 con-iunx, -iugis, m., husbaud, 
 343, 354; wife, 47. [root 
 lUG.] 
 
 con-scendo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., 
 climb up, 180; hence, em- 
 bark upon, 381. [scando.] 
 
 con-scius, -a, -um, adj., con- 
 scious, 604. [scio.] 
 
 consido, -ere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 v.n., settle together, 572. 
 
 consilium, -i, n., plan, pur- 
 pose, design, 281, 658. 
 
 con'sisto, -ere, -stiti, -stitum, 
 v.n., settle, 541, 629; rest, 
 643; stop, take one's stand, 
 187, 226, 459. 
 
 conspectus, -us, m., sight, 34, 
 184. 
 
 con'spicio, -6re, -spexi, -spec- 
 turn, v.a., behold, catch sight 
 of, 152, 487. 
 
 constituo, -6re, -ui, -utum, 
 v.a., determine, 309. 
 
 contendo, -ere, -di, -ditum, 
 
 v.n., endeavour. 
 con"tingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum, 
 
 v.a., touch, 413; impers., it 
 
 falls to the lot of. 
 con-tra, jirejy. loith ace, over 
 
 against, opposite, 13; adverb, 
 
 in answer, 7(), 325. [con; cp. 
 
 intra, infra, extra.] 
 contrarius, -a, -um, a((/., oppos- 
 ing, hostile, 239. [contra.] 
 contundo, -ere, -tudi, -tiisum, 
 
 v.Gj. crush, 264. 
 co'nubium, -i, n., wedlock, 73. 
 
 [co, niibo = marry (of the 
 
 woman).] 
 convello, -ere, -velli, -volsum, 
 
 v.a., tear up, shatter, 383. 
 con'venio, -Ire, -veni, -ventum, 
 
 v.n., come together, assemble, 
 
 361, 700, 708. 
 con'verto, -ere, -ti, -sura, v.a., 
 
 turn towards, 81. 
 convexum, -i, n., converging 
 
 point, 310; valley, 608. 
 con"vexus, -a, -um, adj., con- 
 verging, [con'veho.] 
 con'vivium, -i, n., banquet, 
 
 638. [con ; vivo.] 
 convolsus,//'om convello. 
 cobrior, -iri, -ortus sum, v. 
 
 dep., arise, 148. 
 copia, -ae, /., plenty, freedom, 
 
 520. [co-, opem.] 
 cor, cordis, n., heart, 50, 209, 
 
 562; x>lw-al, heart, feelings, 
 
 303, 722. 
 coram, i^rep. icith abl., in the 
 
 presence of; adverb, face to 
 
 face, 520, 595. 
 
96 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 cornu, -us, 7i., horn, antler, 
 
 liK). [Gk. Kepa^, Eng. horn.] 
 c6rona, -ae, /., crown, coronet, 
 
 »).")."». [cp. curvus.] 
 cdrono, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 crown, wreathe, 724, (see 
 
 note). 
 corpus, -oris, n., body, 70, etc. ; 
 
 form, 71. 
 correptus, -a, -um, from cor- 
 
 ripio. 
 corripio, -Cre, -ripui, -reptum, 
 
 v.a., seize, catch up, 45, 100, 
 
 etc. ; hasten, 418. 
 corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -rup- 
 
 tuni, r.d., spoil, 177. 
 coruscus, -a, -um, adj., waving, 
 
 quivering, 1(54. [cornu.] 
 costa, -ae, ./"., side, rib. [Fr. 
 
 cote, cote.] 
 cdthurnus, -i, m., a high boot, 
 
 buskin, 337. [k66opvos.] 
 crater, -eris, m., mixing bowl, 
 
 7'_'4. [/cparrjp, rOOt Kpa= mix.] 
 
 creber, -bra, -brum, adj., 
 
 abounding in, 85; frequent, 
 
 90. [see celeber.] 
 credo, -ere, -didi, -ditnm, 7\n., 
 
 believe, 218,387. [ere = faith, 
 
 do = put.] 
 crinis, -is, m., hair, 480. 
 crinitus, -a, -um, adj., long 
 
 JKiired (of a bard), 740. 
 
 [crinis.] 
 crisp 0, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 brandish, 313. [crispus = 
 
 wavy.] 
 cristatus, -a, -um, adj., plumed, 
 
 468. [crista = tuft on the 
 
 head.] 
 
 cr6c§us, -a, -um, adj., saffron- 
 coloured, 649, 711. [crocus = 
 saffron.] 
 
 crudelis, -e, adj., cruel, 221, 
 3()1 ?^, 547. [crudus, cruor.] 
 
 cruentus, -a, -um, adj., bloody, 
 29(5 . [e r uor = go r e . ] 
 
 cum, conj., when, 36, 148, 
 etc. 
 
 cum, pre;9. with ahl., together 
 with, accompanied by, 47, 55, 
 et(\ 
 
 cumulus, -i, m., heap, mass, 
 105. [root CUM = swelling ; 
 cp. tumeo, tumulus.] 
 
 cunctus, -a, -um, adj., all, the 
 whole, 154, 233; usually 
 plural, 518, etc. [= co- 
 iunctus.] 
 
 Cupido, -inis, ?n., Cupid, son of 
 Venus and god of love.] 
 
 cur, adv., why? 408. [? = cui 
 rei or quare.] 
 
 cura, -ae,/., care, anxiety, 208, 
 227, etc' 
 
 curro, -ere, cucurri, cursum, 
 v.n., run. 
 
 currus, -us, m., chariot, 17, 
 15(), etc. 
 
 cursus, -us, m., course, 324, 
 5;M; ahl, swiftly, 157. 
 
 cuspis, -idis,/., point, 81. 
 
 custos, -odis, m.f., guard {col- 
 lect} rp ftinr/idar), 564, n. 
 
 Cyclop§us, -a, -um, adj., Cy- 
 clopean, of the Cyclopes, one- 
 eyed giants who dwelt in 
 Sicily, 201. [Cyclops; Ku- 
 
 cycnus, -i, m., swan. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 97 
 
 CymdthSe, -es, /., an ocean- 
 nymph, 144. 
 
 Cynthus, -i, m., a mountain of 
 Delos, in which isle Latona 
 brought forth Apollo and 
 Diana. 
 
 Cyprus, -i, /., a large island in 
 the Levant where Venus was 
 especially worshipi^ed, 622. 
 
 Cythera, -orum, n. pi., an 
 island off the south coast of 
 the Pelopounese, sacred to 
 Venus, 680. 
 
 Cytherea, -ae, /., Lady of 
 Cythera, i.e. Venus, 257, 657. 
 
 Danai, -orum, m., Danai, 
 Greeks, 30, 96, 598, 754. 
 
 d^pes, -um, /., banquet, pro- 
 visions, 210^ 706. 
 
 Dardanides, -ae, in., sprung 
 from Dardanus, Trojan. 
 
 Dardanius, -a, -um, adj., de- 
 scended from Dardanus, 
 founder of the royal race of 
 Troy. 
 
 d^tor, -oris, m., giver, 734. 
 
 de, prep, vxith abl., from, 277, 
 367, 533; according to, 318. 
 
 dea, -ae, /., goddess, 17, 50, 
 etc. 
 
 d^corus, -a, -um, adj., beaute- 
 ous, 589. [root DEC; cp. 
 decet.] 
 
 decus, -oris, n., beauty, 592; 
 ornament, 429. 
 
 defessus, -a, -um, adj., tired 
 out, weary, 157. [fatiscor.] 
 
 de'figo, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, v.a., 
 fix, 226. 
 
 defluo, -ere, -fluxi, -fiuxum, 
 v.n., flow down, 404. 
 
 de'hinc, adv., hereupon, then, 
 131, 256. 
 
 dehisco, -ere, -Ivi, v.7i., yawn, 
 10(). 
 
 deinde, adv., thence, then, 195, 
 614. 
 
 DeiSpea, -ae,/., a nymph, 72. 
 
 de'missus, -a, -um, part., sent 
 down, descended, 288; in 
 middle sense, having cast 
 down (see note), 561. 
 
 de"m.itto, -ere, -misi, -missum, 
 v.a., send down, 297. 
 
 demum, adv., at length, 629. 
 
 deni, -ae, -a, distributive nu- 
 meral, ten each, ten (poeti- 
 cally), 381. 
 
 dependeo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.n., 
 hang down, 726. 
 
 deripio, -ere, -ri])ui, -reptum, 
 v.a., tear off, 211. 
 
 de'sertum, -i, n., desert, 384. 
 
 de'sisto, -ere, -stiti, -stitum, 
 v.n., leave off from, give up, 
 37. 
 
 de'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- 
 turn, t'.«., look down upon, 224. 
 
 de'suesco, -ere, -suevi, -suetum, 
 v.n., I become unaccustomed. 
 
 de'suetus, -a, -um, unwonted, 
 unused, 722. 
 
 desiiper, adv., from above, 165, 
 420. 
 
 detrudo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 push off, 145. 
 
 deus, -i, m., god ; gen.pl., deum 
 (which is not a contracted 
 form of deorum), 9; di and 
 
 :i^' 
 
 
98 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH 
 
 dis are often found for dei 
 and (lets. 
 
 devdnio, -ire, -veni, -ventum, 
 v.n., come to, 305. 
 
 devdveo, -ere, -vovi, -votura, 
 ^.r^, (loom. 
 
 de votus, -a, -um, imrt., 
 (loomed, 712. 
 
 dextra, -ae,/., right-hand, 98, 
 :v.n, 408, etc. 
 
 dicio, -ouis,/., sway, [root DIG ; 
 cp. dico.] 
 
 dice, -ere, -xi, -ctum, r.a., say, 1 
 tell, 81, 137, 753; call, 277, 
 530, 533. 
 
 dico. -are, -avi, -atmn, v. a., 
 dedicate, 73. 
 
 dictum, -i, n., word, command, 
 142, 153, 197, etc. 
 
 Dido, -us, /., queen of Carthage, 
 having escaped from the 
 tyranny of her hrother Pyg- 
 malion who had murdered 
 her husband Sychaeus. 
 
 dies, -oi, m.f., day, .374, etc. 
 
 diffundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 v.a., scatter, dishevel, 319. 
 
 dignor, -ari, -atus sura, v. dep., 
 deem worthy, 335. 
 
 dignus, -a, -um, adj., worthy, 
 (i(K), (i05. 
 
 dii, (>I(f f/en. of dies, 6.36. 
 
 dilectus, -a, -um, j^art., be- 
 loved, 344. 
 
 diligo, -6re, -lexi, -lectum, v.a., 
 
 love. 
 
 dimitto, -ere, -misi, -raissum, 
 c.a., st'ud away, dismiss, 571 ; 
 send about, 577. 
 
 Didmedes, -ae, m., a prominent 
 
 Greek at the siege of Troy, 
 who wounded Aeneas and 
 even Venus ; he afterwards 
 settled in Italy. Called Ty- 
 dides as son of Tydeus ; 97, 
 752. 
 
 dirigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, 
 v.a., direct, 401. 
 
 dirus, -a, -um, adj., dread, 
 293. 
 
 disco, -ere, didici, learn, 630. 
 [root Die ; cp. doceo.] 
 
 disxrimen, -inis, ;;., distinc- 
 tion, 574; risk, danger, 204. 
 [cp. cerno, crimen.] 
 
 discumbo, -ere, -cubui, r.??., 
 recline (at a banquet), 700, 
 708. 
 
 disicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, v.a., 
 scatter, 43, 70, 128. [dis, 
 iac'io.] 
 
 disiectus, -a, -um, jjarf. of 
 disicio. 
 
 dis'iungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 separate, 252. 
 
 dispello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum, 
 v.a., drive in dilfei'ent direc- 
 tions, scatter, 512, 538. 
 
 dissimulo, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 r.d.. hide, suppress, 516. 
 
 dis tendo, -6re, -di, -tum, v.a., 
 till, pack, 433. 
 
 ditissimus, -a, -um, supcrl. of 
 dives, most wealthy, 'MS. 
 
 diu, adv., for a long time, 351. 
 
 diva, -ae, /., goddess, 447, 482, 
 .505. 
 
 diversus, -a, -um, part., in 
 diiferent directions, 70; far 
 distant, 376. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 99 
 
 divgs -itis, adj., rich, 14. [ci^. 
 
 dives, deus.] 
 divido, -ere, -visi, -visum, v. a., 
 
 divide, 197. 
 divinus, -a, -um, adj., god-like, 
 
 403. 
 divum, f/en.j^L o/divus. 
 divus, -i, 7)1., god, especially in 
 
 gen. pL, 46, 65, 79, 632. {cp. 
 
 deus, G^. 6Io?.] 
 do, dare, dedi, datum, v.a., give, 
 
 62, m, etc. ; give fortli, 398 ; 
 
 put, 176, 738; partu d., bring 
 
 fortli; d, amplexus, embrace, 
 
 687. 
 doceo, -ere, -ui, -turn, v.a., 
 
 teach, 392, 741; inform, 332. 
 
 [root Die ; cp. disco.] 
 ddleo, -ere, -ui, -itum, u.n., 
 
 grieve, resent, 9. 
 ddlor, -oris, m., pain, grief, 209, 
 
 386 ; 2ylnral, pangs, 25. 
 dolus, -i, m., trick, craft, 130, 
 
 673, 684. 
 ddminor, -ari, -atus sum, v. 
 
 dep., have sway, lord it, 285. 
 [doniinus.] 
 dSminus, -i, m., lord, 282. 
 
 [domus.] 
 domus, -lis, /., house, home, 
 
 140, 168, 284, etc.; domo, 
 
 from home, 600. 
 dongc, C071J., until, 273. [cp. 
 
 denique.] 
 donum, -i, n., gift, 447, etc. 
 
 [root DO = give.] 
 dorsum, -i, 7i., back, ridge, 
 
 110. 
 dubius, -a, -um, adj., doubtful, 
 
 218. [duo; BIT = go.] 
 
 duco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., lead, 
 401, etc.; carry (v?-alls), 423; 
 passive, be derived, 19, 642. 
 
 ductor, -oris, m., leader, cai> 
 tain, 189, 235. [duco.] 
 
 dulcis, -e, adj., sweet, j)leasaut, 
 167, etc. [cp. indulgeo.] 
 
 dum, conj. ivith the indicative, 
 w4iile, 268, etc. ; loith the 
 subjunctive (implying a pur- 
 pose), until, 5, 265. 
 
 du-plex, -icis, adj., two-fold, 
 double, 655; clasped (or 
 poetically = duae) , 93. 
 
 duro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 endure. 
 
 durus, -a, -um, adj., cruel; res 
 dura, stern necessity, 563. 
 
 dux, diicis, m.f., leader, 364. 
 [root DUG ; cp. dQco.] 
 
 E, ex, p^'ep. u'ith ahl., out of, 
 
 from, 34, 42, etc. 
 ebur, -oris, n., ivory, 592. 
 educo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 lead out, 432. 
 ef ■ficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, v.a., 
 
 produce, 160. [ex; facio.] 
 ef'fodio, -ere, -fodi, -fossum, 
 
 v.a., dig out, 427, 443. 
 ef'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 
 v.a., pour forth, 98. 
 egens, -tis, adj., in want, 384. 
 
 [egeo = I am in want.] 
 egenus, -a, -um, adj., in want 
 
 of {loith gen) , 599. [egeo.] 
 6g6, pprs. pronoun, I, 46, etc. 
 egredior, -di, egressus, v. dep., 
 
 go out from, [gradior.] 
 e'gregius, -a, -um, adj., dis- 
 
100 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 tinguished, 445. [e = out of; 
 
 2:i'ex = the herd.] 
 e'gressus, -a, -urn, part., hav- 
 ing- diseml)arked, 172. 
 e icio, -6re, eieci, ciectum, v.a., 
 
 cast out. 
 eiectus, -a, -um, part., out- 
 cast, 578. 
 elabor, -i, -lapsus, v. dep., 
 
 ii'lide out. 
 e"lapsus, -a, -um, part., having 
 
 escaped from, 242. 
 e missus, -a, -um, part., sent 
 
 forth, 125. 
 e'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 v.a., send forth. 
 en, interjection, lo ! 461. 
 §nim, conj., for, 261; sed enim, 
 
 however, 19; neqae enim, 
 
 for indeed not, 198, 643. 
 gpulum, -i, n. pi. epulae, 
 
 -arum, /., banquet, 79, 216, 
 
 723. 
 eous, -a, -um, adj., eastern, 489 
 
 n. [)7ois = dawn.] 
 gquidem, adj., indeed, 2.38, 335, 
 
 57(i, 619. [e, demonstrative ; 
 
 quidem.] 
 gquus, -i, m., horse, steed, 156, 
 
 31(5, 444, etc. 
 ergo, adv., therefore, so, 663. 
 eripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, 
 
 v.a., take from, 88; save 
 
 from, .">!)(), ()47. [rajiio.] 
 erro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 wander, stray, 32, 185, etc. 
 error, -oris, m., wandering, 755. 
 erumpo, -Cre, -rupi, -ruptum, 
 
 v.a., burst forth from (with 
 
 ace), 580. 
 
 Eryx, -ycis, m., Mount Eryx, 
 on tlie west coast of Sicily, 
 where was a temple sacred 
 to Venus. 
 
 6t, conj., and ; if not first in 
 its clause, usually also, too, 
 moreover ; et . . . et, both . . . 
 and. 
 
 etiam, conj., also, even, 25, 461. 
 [et ; iam.] 
 
 e'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., 
 overturn, 43. 
 
 Europa, -ae,/., Europe, 385. 
 
 Eurotas, -ae, ?n., the river on 
 Avliich Sparta stood, 498. 
 
 Eurus, -i, m., south-east wind 
 personified. 
 
 ex, see e. 
 
 ex-actus, -a, -um, part, of 
 exigo. 
 
 exanimus, -a, -um, adj., life- 
 less, 484. [anima = breath.] 
 
 ex'audio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 hear, 219. 
 
 excedo, -Cre, -cessi, -cessum, 
 V.I)., go forth from, 357. 
 
 ex-cidium, -i, n., destruction, 
 22. [ec = ex; scindo.] 
 
 excldo, -Cre, -cidi, v.n., fall 
 from, fade from, 26. [cado.] 
 
 ex'cido, -ere, -cidi, -cisum, v.a., 
 hew out, 429. [caedo.] 
 
 excipio, -Cre, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 v.a., take from, take in suc- 
 cession, 276. [capio.] 
 
 exciido, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., 
 strike out, 174. 
 
 excQtlo, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, 
 r.a., dash ovit, 115. [qua- 
 tio.] 
 
VOCABULAEY. 
 
 101 
 
 ex'emptus, -a, -um, part, of 
 
 exinio. 
 ex"eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., go 
 
 forth, 306. 
 ex'erceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 
 employ, 431 ; e. choros, leads 
 
 the dance. 
 ex'haurio, -ire, -hausi, -haus- 
 
 tum, v.a., drink up, exhaust, 
 
 599. 
 ex'haustus, -a, -um, pa?'f. of 
 
 exhaurio. 
 exigo, -ere, -egi, -actum, v.a., 
 
 discover, ascertain, 309. 
 ex'imo, -ere, -emi, -eraptum, 
 
 v.a., remove, appease (hun- 
 ger), 216. 
 ex'pedio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 
 get ready, 178, 702. 
 ex'pello, -ere, -piili, -pulsum. 
 
 I.e., drive out, 620. 
 ex'perior, -iri, -pertus, v. dep., 
 
 know by experience, essay, 
 
 202. 
 ex'pleo, -ere, -evi, -etuni, v.a., 
 
 complete, 270; satisfy, 713. 
 ex'ploro. -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 discover, explore, 77, 307. 
 ex'pulsus, -a, -um, part, from 
 
 expello. 
 ex'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 gasp forth, 44. 
 extrema, -orum, ??., limits, 577 ; 
 
 final doom, 219. [extremus 
 
 = last.] 
 ex'ttili, perf. of ef'fero. 
 ex'uo, -ere, -i, -utum, v.a., put 
 
 off. doff, 690. 
 ex'uro, -ere, -ussi, -ustum, v.a., 
 
 burn, consume by fire, 39. 
 
 fa-, present stem of for. 
 
 fac- (defective noun),f., torch, 
 
 brand, 150. 
 f§,cies. -ei,/., face, appearance, 
 
 60S, 683. [facio.] 
 facilis, -e, adj., easy, 445, see 
 
 note, [facio.] 
 facio, -ere, feci, factum, v.a., 
 
 do, 58, 302; make, 75, 80. 
 factum, -i, n., deed, exploit, 
 
 event, 351, 364, 367. [facio.] 
 factus, -a, -um, pa?'i. of fa- 
 cio. 
 fallo, -ere, fefelli, falsum, 
 
 v.a., deceive, 688; assume 
 
 (falsely), 684. [cp. (t-c/xxAAoj, 
 
 Eng. fall.] 
 falsus, -a, -um, pretended, 716 ; 
 
 empty, 407. [fallo.] 
 fama, -ae, /., fame, renown, 
 
 379, etc.; report, 532. [root 
 
 FA: cp. for.] 
 fames, -is,/., hunger, 216. [cp, 
 
 ad-fatim, fatigo, x'^'^^^.] 
 f^mula, -ae, /., maid-servant, 
 
 703. 
 famulus, -i, m., attendant, 701. 
 fas, n. indecl., right, duty, 77, 
 
 206. [root FAS = bind.] 
 fastigium, -i, n., point, 342; 
 
 pinnacle, 438. [f astigo = bring 
 
 to a point.] 
 fateor, -eri, fassus, v. dep., con- 
 fess, [root FA.] 
 fatigo, -are, -?ix\, -atum, v.a., 
 
 tire out, 316 ; keep in turmoil, 
 
 2S0. [see fames.] 
 fatisco, -ere, gape, 123. [see 
 
 fames.] 
 fatum, -i, n., fate, destiny, 2; 
 
102 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 vsu. 1)1., 18, 205, 222, etc. 
 
 [root FA; cp. fari.] 
 fiveo, -ere, favi, fautum, v.n., 
 
 am favoural)le. 
 felix, -icis, adj., happy, propi- 
 tious, 330. [root FE = bear.] 
 femina, -ae, /'., woman, 364. 
 
 [root FE = bear.] 
 fgra, -ae, /., wild beast, 308. 
 
 [t'erus = fierce.] 
 fgrina, -ae, /., venison, 215. 
 
 [ferns, fera.] 
 fgrio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 
 strike, 103, 115. 
 fgro, ferre, tiili, latum, v.a., 
 
 bear, carry, bring, 59, etc. ; ] 
 
 wear, 501; extol, (525; se ferre, \ 
 
 pass along, 503 ; say, 15, 476. j 
 f§rox, -ocis, arlj., haughty, 263, 1 
 
 .".(L*. [ferns.] 
 ferrum, -i, n., iron, steel, 293, 
 
 etc. 
 ferveo, -ere, ferbui, v.n., glow, 
 
 4.'ii). [rp. warm.] 
 fessus, -a, -um, adj., weary, 
 
 168, 178. [fateor.] 
 fetus, -a, -um, adj., teeming, 
 
 51. [root FE = bear.] 
 fetus, -us, m., young, offspring, 
 
 432. [root FE = bear.] x 
 fides, -C'\,f., faith, honour, 292. 
 
 ri-oot FID; cp. foedus.] 
 fiducia, -ae,/'., confidence, 132. 
 
 [root FID."] 
 fidus, -a, -am, adj., trusty, 113, 
 
 iss. [root FID.] ■ 
 figo, -ere, tixi, tixum, v.a., fix, 
 
 482 ; pierce, 212 ; set up, 248 ; 
 
 imprint, (587. 
 filius, -i, m., son, 325, 751. 
 
 [(i.) root DHA = milk ; cp. 
 
 0TjArj, e^Aus (Curtius) ; (ii.) 
 
 root BHU (Lat. fu.) = be.] 
 finis, -is, m., end, 199, etc. ; })!., 
 
 boundaries, territories, 566, 
 
 570, etc. [= fid-nis, root FID 
 
 = divide.] 
 fio, fieri, f actus sum, v., be- 
 come, am made, 
 flagro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 blaze, glow, 710. [root 
 
 FLAG; cp. fulgeo, tlamma.] 
 flamma, -ae,/., flame, 44, etc. ; 
 
 metaph. 673. [= flag-ma.] 
 flammatus, -a, -um, adj., in- 
 flamed, 50. [flamma.] 
 flavus, -a, -um, adj., yellow, 
 
 592. [cp. fulvus.] 
 flecto, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.a., 
 
 bend, guide, 156. [for t, cp. 
 
 necto, TUTTTO).] 
 floreus, -a, -um, adj., flowery, 
 
 430. [flos.] 
 flos. tloris, m., flower, blossom, 
 
 694. [root FLE ; cp. floreo.] 
 fluctus, -us, m., wave, 66, etc. 
 
 [root FLU = flow.] 
 flumen, -inis, n., stream, flood, 
 
 465. [tluo.] 
 flue, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.n., flow, 
 
 ;12(). [root FLU; cp. fleo.] 
 fltivius, -i, m., stream, river, 
 
 [riuo.] 
 foedus, -eris, n., condition, 
 
 treaty, 62. [cp. fides.] 
 fdliurn, -i, n., leaf, 175. [root 
 
 FLE.] 
 fomes. -itis, m., iva 
 
 [foveo.] 
 fons, -tis, m., fount, source, 244. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 103 
 
 f6r6, fut. inf. of sum, 235, 
 
 444.' 
 fSris, -is, /., door, 449, 505. 
 
 [Gk. 0vpa.] 
 
 forma, -ae. /., form, beauty. 
 
 [root DHAR = hold firmly; 
 
 cp. firmus, forum.] 
 fors, -tis, /., cliauce. [root 
 
 BHAR = bring, that which 
 
 brings luck.] 
 forsan, adv., perhaps, 203. 
 
 [fors ; an.] 
 forte, adv., by chance, 151. 
 
 [abl. of fors.] 
 fortis, -e, adj., brave, 120, etc. 
 
 [root BHAR = bear.] 
 fortissimus, -a, -um, superl. of 
 
 fortis. 
 fortuna, -ae, /., fortune, 240, 
 
 etc. [fors.] 
 fortiinatus, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 lucky, haj^py, 437. [fortuna.] 
 fotus, -a, -um, part, of fo- 
 
 veo. 
 foveo, -ere, fovi, fotum, v. a., 
 
 cherish, 18, 281 ; fondle, 692, 
 
 718. 
 fragor, -oris, m., crashing 
 
 sound, 154. [root FRAG ; cp. 
 
 frango.] 
 fragrans, -tis, adj., sweet 
 
 scented, 436. 
 frango, -ere, fregi, fractum, 
 
 t'. a., break, 104, 161; pound, 
 
 179. [root FRAG.] 
 f rater, -tris, m., brother, 130, 
 
 292. 
 fremo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n., 
 
 roar, rage, 56, 296 ; shout as- 
 sent, 559. [Gk. i3pe>a>.] 
 
 freno, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 curb, 54, 523. [frenum = bit ; 
 
 frequens, -tis, adj., thronging, 
 
 707. 
 f return, -i, n., strait, sea, 557, 
 
 ()07. 
 frigus, -oris, n., cold, 92. [cp. 
 
 rigeo, rigidus.] 
 frondeus, -a, -um, adj., leafy, 
 
 191. [(frons, frondis) =leaf.] 
 frons, -tis,/., front, 166. 
 frug-, defective, f., corn, 178. 
 frustra, adv., in vain, 392. \cp. 
 
 fraus.] 
 frustum, -i, n., piece, bit, 212. 
 
 [root FRUT = break.] 
 fucus, -i, m., drone, 435. 
 fuga, -ae, /., flight, 137, etc. 
 
 [root BHUG = bend ; cp. 
 
 fugio, -ere, fugi, fugitum, v.n., 
 tlee, S41, etc. [fuga.] 
 
 fui, perf. o/sum. 
 
 fulmen, -Inis, n., thunderbolt, 
 230. [=fulgmen, from ful- 
 geo.] 
 
 fulvus, -a, -um, adj., tawny, 
 275. [cp. flavus, fulgor.] 
 
 funale, -is, n., torch, 727. 
 [funis = rope.] 
 
 fundamentum, -i, n., founda- 
 tion, 428. [fundare; cp. 
 
 iSuflo?.] 
 
 fundo, -ere, fudi, fusum, v. a., 
 pour, 193, 412. [root FUD ; 
 
 jp. xeu).] 
 
 funus, -eris, n., death, deadly 
 
 evil, 2.32. 
 furiae, -arum,/., frenzy, 41. 
 
104 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 furo, -Ore, -ui, v.n., rage, 51, [ 
 
 107, etc. I 
 
 furor, -oris, ?n., rage, frenzy, 
 
 1 ">( ) : person ijie i.1 , 2i)4 . 
 fusus. -a, -um, part, of fundo, 
 
 stretched, 214. 
 futurus. -a, -um, fut. part, of 
 
 sum, aljout to be, coming, 
 
 210, etc. 
 
 galea, -ae, /., helmet, 101, 
 (usually of leather). 
 
 Ganymedes, -ae, m., Gany- 
 mede, son of Tros, carried 
 off to heaven by Jove's 
 eaiile. 
 
 gaudeo, -ere, gavisus sum, 
 rejoice, 6i)0. 
 
 gaudium, -i, n., joy, 502. [ = 
 gu video.] 
 
 gaza, -ae,/'., wealth, 119. [Per- 
 sian word.] 
 
 ggminus, -a, -um, twin, 162, 
 274. 744. 
 
 gemitus, -us, m., groan, 485. 
 [gemo.] 
 
 gemma, -ae, /., jewel, 655. 
 [root GEN, contr. fr. gen- 
 ima.] 
 
 ggmo, -Ore, -ui, -itum, v.n., 
 groan, 465; mourn, 221. 
 
 ggnetrix, -Tcis. f., mother, 590, 
 (is<i. [root GEX.] 
 
 ggnitor, -oris, m., father, 155, 
 2;^), etc. [root GEN.] 
 
 ggnitus, -a, -um, part, of gig- 
 no, son, 297. [root GEN.] 
 
 gens, -tis, /., race, tribe, fam- 
 ily, clan, 17, 33, 47, etc. 
 [root GEN.] 
 
 ggnu, -ns, n., knee, 320. {yowy 
 
 knee.] 
 ggnui, perf. o/gigno. 
 genus, -eris, n., race, 6, etc.; 
 
 offspring, 380. [root GEN.] 
 germana, -ae, /., sister, 351. 
 
 [root GEN.] 
 germanus. -i, m., brother, 341. 
 
 [root GEN.] 
 gSro, -ere, gessi, gestum, r.o., 
 
 carry, 188; wear, 315; carry 
 
 on, 24, 48. 
 gesto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 wear, 336, 567. [freq. of 
 
 gero.] 
 gigno, -ere, gSnui, genTtum, 
 
 v.a., beget, bring forth, 606, 
 
 618. 
 glaeba. -ae, /., clod, soil, 531. 
 
 [clod.] 
 gldmero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 gather; middle, glomeror, 
 
 throng, [globus.] 
 gradior, -i, gressus, v. dep.y 
 
 step, go, 312, etc. 
 gradus, -us, m., step, 448. 
 Grai, -orum, m., Greeks, 467, 
 
 530. 
 grand-aevus, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 aged, 121. [grandis, ae\'um.] 
 grates, -ium, /., thanks, 600. 
 
 {(■p. xat'pco, greedy.] 
 gravis, -e, adj., hea^'y, 728; 
 
 pregnant, 274; intiuential, 
 
 151 ; evil, 199. [Qapu?, i.e. 
 
 yFapv-<;. 
 
 graviter, adv., heavily, 126. 
 
 [gravis.] 
 grgmium, -i, n., lap, 685, 
 
 etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 105 
 
 gressus, -us, 771., stepping, 
 steps, 401, etc. [gradior.] 
 
 gurges, -itis, m., swelling 
 riood, 118. 
 
 gusto, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 
 taste, 473. [cp. yeuaj, yaaTTJp.] 
 
 Gyas, -antis, n., a follower of 
 Aeneas. 
 
 habena, -ae, /., rein, 63. 
 
 [ha))eo.] 
 habeo, -ere, -ui, -Itum, v.a., 
 
 have, hold, 346, 566. 
 habilis, -e, adj., easily worn, 
 
 convenient, 318. [habeo.] 
 habitus, -us, m., bearing, look, j 
 
 315. [habeo.] 
 hac, adv., on this side, 467, i 
 
 468. I 
 
 haereo, -ere, haesi, haesum, 
 
 V.71., cling, 476, 718; remain j 
 
 fixed, 495. 
 halo, -are, -avi, -atnm, v.n., 
 
 breathe, am fragrant, 417. 
 harena, -ae,/., sand, 107, 112; 
 
 shore, 172. [areo -- am dry.] 
 Harpalyce, -es, /., a Thracian 
 
 princess and renowned hun- 
 tress. 
 hasta, -ae,/,, spear, 478. [cp. 
 
 fendo.] 
 hastile, -is, n., spear-shaft. 
 
 [hasta.] 
 haud, adv., not, 327, etc. [spelt 
 
 by Ribbeck haut four times, 
 
 hau once, 327.] 
 haurio, -ire, hansi, haustum, : 
 
 v.a., drink down, drain, 738. '' 
 Hector, -«')ris, m., the eldest 
 
 and bravest of the sons of 
 
 Priam, slain by Achilles, 99^ 
 750. 
 
 HectSreus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 Hector, 273, note. 
 
 Helena, -ae, /,, Helen, the 
 beautiful wife of Menelaus, 
 King of Sparta ; her rape by- 
 Paris caused the Trojan War ,- 
 650. 
 
 herba, -ae,/., grass, 214. [root 
 BHAR; cp. ^op/Sr).] 
 
 heros, -ois, m., hero, 196. [^pm^'] 
 
 Hesperia, -ae, /., the land of 
 the west, Italy, 530, 569. 
 
 [eo-Trepo?.] 
 
 heu, interjection, alas ! 
 heus, interjection, ho ! 321. 
 hiberna, -orum, n., winter,, 
 
 266. [hibernus.] 
 hibernus, -a, -um, adj., wintry, 
 
 746. [hiems.] 
 hio^ haec, hoc, 
 
 he, 742; hi. . , 
 
 others, 106. 
 hie, adv., here, 16, 17, etc. ; 
 
 hereupon, 451, 728. 
 hiems, -emis, /., storm, 122, 
 
 125. [root GHI = snow.] 
 hinc, adv., hence, 21, etc. ; 
 
 then, 194; hinc . . . hinc, on 
 
 the one side ... on the other, 
 
 162, 500. 
 hdmo, -inis, ni., man, especially 
 
 as opi^osed to other beings, 
 
 65, 308, etc. [root GHAM = 
 
 earth.] 
 hdnos, -oris, m., honour, re- 
 spect, 28, 49, etc. [cp. onus.] 
 horreo, -ere, -ui, v.n., bristle, 
 
 be shaggy, 165, 311, 634. 
 
 2Jron., this, 
 hi, some . . . 
 
106 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 iiorridus, -a, -um, adj., grim, 
 '_'!•(;. [horreo.] 
 
 hospes, -itis, host, guest, 731, 
 Too. [perhaps ghas-pati, pro- 
 tector of strangers ; cp. hostis, 
 guest. 
 
 hospitium, -i, n., hospital- 
 ity, welcome, 299, etc. [hos- 
 pos.] 
 
 hostia, -ae, /., victim, 334. 
 [hostio = strike ( ?) .] 
 
 hostis, -is, yn.f., enemy, foe, 
 378, 625. [rp. hospes.] 
 
 hue, adv., hither, 170, etc. 
 Jhic] 
 
 humanus, -a, -um, adj., hu- 
 man, 542. [homo.] 
 
 humus, -i, /., ground, 193; 
 humi, on the ground, [root 
 GHAM = earth.] 
 
 IIy3,des, -um, /., a constella- 
 tion so called probably be- 
 cause they brought rain. 
 
 ^[uetr.] 
 
 lymenaeus, -i, in., wedlock, 
 
 (j.»l. [' V/xej'acos.J 
 
 iS,ceo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie, lie 
 
 low, 99. 
 iacens, -tis, adj., low-lying, 
 
 224. [iaceo.] 
 iacto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 toss, 3, 29, etc. ; blurt out, 
 
 102; show off, 140; revolve, 
 
 227. [iacio.] 
 ia.culor, -ari, -fitus, v. dejy., 
 
 hurl, 42. [iacio.] 
 iam, adv., now, already, 1<S, 
 
 etc. ; thenceforth, 272. [root 
 
 YA; cp. b?, w?]. 
 
 iamdiidum, adr., this long 
 
 while, 580. [iam, diu, dum.] 
 ibam, iniperf. o/eo. 
 ibidem, adv., on the same spot, 
 
 IKi. 
 IdS,lia, -ae,/., a city in Cyprus 
 
 sacred to Venus, 093. 
 Idalium, -i, ?i. = rdalia, 681. 
 ignarus, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 
 
 198, etc. [in = not ; GNA ; cp. 
 
 nosco.] 
 ignavus, -a, -um, adj., lazy, 
 
 4;;5. [in = not; GNA.] 
 ignis, -is, m., fire, 175; light- 
 ning, 42, 90 ; fire of love, 660, 
 
 (i88. 
 i'gnobilis, -e, adj., low-born, 
 
 14'. ». [in = not ; nobilis, GXA.] 
 ignotus, -a, -um, unknown, 
 
 384 ; hidden, 359. [in, GNA.] 
 ii, per/, o/eo. 
 Ilia, -ae, /., the mother of 
 
 Romulus and Remus, 274. 
 Iliacus, -a, -um, adj., Ilian, of 
 _ Ilium (Troy), 97, 456. 
 ilias, -ildis, /., daughter of 
 
 Ilium (Troy), 480. [fern. 
 
 patronymic] 
 ilidne, -es,/., the eldest daugh- 
 ter of Priam, 653. 
 Ilidneus. -ei, m.,a Trojan, 521, 
 
 559, 611. 
 Ilium, -i, n.. Ilium, Troy. 
 Ilius. -a, -um, adj., Ilian, of 
 
 Ilium (Troy), 268. 
 Ilus, -i, m., surname of lulus, 
 
 268. 
 ille, -a, -ud, pron., that, he, 
 
 she, it, etc. ; that celebrated. 
 illic, adr., there, 206. [ille.] 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 107 
 
 niyricus, -a, -urn, adj., Illyrian, im-pulit, per/, of impello 
 
 of Illyria (now Dalmatia and 
 Albania), 243. 
 imago, -inis, /., form, shape, 
 [root SIM ; cp. 
 
 353, 408. 
 
 similis.] 
 imber, -bris, m., rain, water, 
 
 123, 743. 
 inamanis, -e, adj., savage, huge, 
 
 429,616; wicked, 347. [in = 
 
 not : manus = good.] 
 im'inineo, -ere, -ui, v.n., 
 
 threaten, 165 ; hang over, 420. 
 
 [mineo = project.] ^ 
 
 im'mitis. -e, orZ/., ungfentle, 30. i 
 
 Lather, 753. 
 
 [moved. 
 
 adj.. un- 
 
 li, -pijlsum, 
 
 [in = not : mitis.] 
 immo, a a 
 
 [=in"m(^ 
 im' motus.nl 
 impello 
 
 v.a., push, 82 
 imperium, -i, n., command, 
 
 sway, lordsliip, 54, 138, etc. 
 
 [impero ; in, paro = put upon.] 
 im-piger, -gra, -grum, adj., 
 
 without hesitation, 738. 
 
 [piger ; cp. piget.] 
 im'pius, -a, -um, adj., unduti- 
 
 ful, unnatural, 294, U9. 
 
 [pius.] 
 im'pleo, -ere, -evi, -etum, v.a., 
 
 fill up, 729. [root PLE; cp. 
 
 plenus.] 
 implico, -are, -avi, -atum (-ui, 
 
 -itum), v.a., insinuate, 660. 
 
 [rp. sim-plex, dn-plex.] 
 impono, -ere, -posui, -positum, 
 
 v.a., put upon, 49, 62. 
 im'provisus, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 unforeseen, 595. 
 
 imus, -a, -um. adj., lowest, the 
 bottom of, 84, etc. 
 
 in, prep, ivith (i.) Ace. : to, 
 34, 253; towards, 82, 163; 
 against, 108. (ii.) Ahl. : on, 
 106 ; in, 109. among, 303, 491. 
 [Gk. h'.] 
 
 inanis, -e, adj., empty, 476; 
 unreal, 464. 
 
 in'cautus, -a, -um, adj., unsus- 
 pecting, 350. [in, caveo.] 
 
 incedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum^ 
 v.n., walk proudly, 46, 497, 
 690. 
 
 incendium, -i, n., burnings 
 conflagration, 566. 
 
 incendo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., 
 light, 660, 727. [root CAN = 
 shine.] 
 
 in'ceptum, -i, n., undertaking,. 
 37. [incipio.] 
 
 inxessus, -us, m., gait, 405. 
 [incedo.] 
 
 in'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum,. 
 v.a., begin, 721, [in, capio.] 
 
 in-cognitus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 known, 515, [co-, gnosco.] 
 
 inxoncessus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 lawful, 651. [concedo.] 
 
 in'crepito, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 v.a., challenge, 738. [increpo, 
 Gk. /cpeKO), Eng. crack.] 
 
 in'cubo, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a.^ 
 brood over, swoop upon, 84, 
 89. 
 
 in'cultus, -a, -um, adj., desert, 
 308. [colo.] 
 
 in'cuso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 blame, 410. [causa.] 
 
108 
 
 LA TIX-EXGLISn 
 
 OK "V 
 
 in'cutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, 
 
 v.a., strike iuto, inspire, 69. 
 
 [qnatio.] 
 in'dico, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 proclaim, 632. 
 indignor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 
 (leem unworthy, chafe, 55. 
 
 [diunus.] 
 induo, -dre, -ni, -litum, v.a., 
 
 put on, assume, ()<S4. [root 
 
 I)U=put; cp. exuo.] 
 inermus, -a, -urn, adj., un- 
 armed, 487. [arma.] 
 infandus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 
 speakul)le, 597 ; accursed, 525 
 
 [in, fari.] 
 in'felix, -icis, adj., unhappy, 
 
 475. 712, 749. 
 in'fSro, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
 
 r.(/., bring iuto, 6; iiifert se, 
 
 enters, 439. 
 in'figo, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.a., 
 
 impale, 45. 
 in'genimo, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 
 v.n., grow (loud), 747. 
 in'gemo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lament, 
 
 93. 
 in-gens, -ntis, adj., vast, 182, 
 
 etc. [in = not, root GEN.] 
 in'humatus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 
 l)uri(Ml, 353. [humus.] 
 inimicus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 friendly, hostile, 67. [ami- 
 cus.] 
 in-iuria, -ae, /., wrong, 27 ; tale 
 
 of wrong, 341. [ius.] 
 in-lido, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
 (lash against, 112. [laedo.] 
 inmanis, see immanis. 
 in-par, -ptlris, o((/., unequal, 475. 
 
 inpiger, see impiger. 
 inpleo, see imjileo. 
 in-ptilit, per/, of impello. 
 inquam, v. defect., say, ,321. 
 inrigo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 water, shed, 692, note, [rigo 
 
 = wet ; cj). rain.] 
 in'scius, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 
 
 71.S. [seio.] 
 inscribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum, v.a., 
 
 mark, 478. 
 in'sequor, -i, -secutus, v. dep., 
 
 follow up, 87, 105. 
 in'sidiae, -arum, /., lying in 
 
 wait, treachery, 754. [in, 
 sedeo.] 
 
 insido, -er^r^qdi, -sessum, 
 V.71., sit i^, 719. 
 
 infsignis, ' -e, adj., distin- 
 guished, 10, 625. [signum.] 
 
 in'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 breathe into, 688. 
 
 in'sto, -fire, -stiti, v.n. and a., 
 press hard, 423, 468. 
 
 in'struo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 set forth, 638. 
 
 insula, -ae,/., island, 159. 
 
 insiiper, adv.. above, on the 
 top, ()1. 
 
 intactus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 touched, virgin, 345. [tan- 
 .SCO.] 
 .intento, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 threaten, 91. 
 
 inter, prep, rvith ace, between, 
 10(); amid, 191; compared 
 with, 455; in the course of, 
 686. 
 
 interdum, adv., sometimes, 
 718. 
 
VOCABULABY. 
 
 109 
 
 intgrea, adv., meanwhile, 121, 
 
 ISO. [? inter ea, or inter 
 
 ea(ni rem).] 
 inter'for, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 
 interrupt, 38G. 
 interior, -us, adj., inner, inside 
 
 of, 637. [inter.] 
 intimus, -a, -um, adj., inmost, 
 
 213, note ; superl. of intra. 
 intono, -are, -ui, -itum, v.n., 
 
 thunder, 90. 
 intra, prep, icith ace, witliin. 
 in'tractabilis. -e, adj., hard to 
 
 encounter, .'>39. [tracto.] 
 intro-gredior, -i, -gressus, v. 
 
 dep., enter within, 520. 
 
 [gradior.] 
 intus, adv., within, 167, 291, 
 
 703. [evTO?.] 
 
 in'velio, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 bear in, 155. 
 
 in'visus, -a, -um, hateful, 28, 
 387. [invideo = hate.] 
 
 in'vius, -a, -um, adj., pathless, 
 537. [via.] 
 
 lopas, -ae, m., the Carthaginian 
 minstrel, 740. 
 
 I6v-, stem of luppiter. 
 
 ipse, -a, -um, pron., self, him- 
 self, herself, itself, them- 
 selves. 
 
 ura. -ae,/., anger, 1, 11, etc. 
 
 Italia, -ae, /., Italy, 2, 13, 
 etc. 
 
 Italus, -i, m., an Italian, 109. 
 
 italus, -a, -um, adj., Italian, of 
 Italy, 252. 
 
 iter, itineris, n., way, road, 
 journey, 370, 656. [ire, 
 itum,] 
 
 iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussum, v.a., 
 command, hid, 577. 
 
 iudicium, -i, n., judgment, de- 
 cision, 27. [index, ins di- 
 co.] 
 
 iugo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 yoke, join, 345. [iugum.] 
 
 iugum, -i, n., yoke, ridge, 498. 
 [root lUG; cp. iu(n)go.] 
 
 lulius, -i, m., the nomen of a 
 Roman gens, to which C. 
 lulius Caesar and his nephew 
 Augustus belonged, 288. 
 
 lulus, -i, m., son of Aeneas, 
 267, etc. 
 
 iungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 join, link, 73; yoke, 568. 
 [root lUG.] 
 
 luno, -onis, /., queen of the 
 gods, sister and wife of 
 Jupiter. 
 
 lunonius, -a, -um, adj., Ju- 
 nonian, of Juno, 671. 
 
 luppiter, 16 vis, m., Jupiter, 
 king of gods and men. 
 
 iiis, iuris, ??., right, law, 293. 
 [distinguished from lex, as 
 law in general from special 
 enactments.] 
 
 iussum, -i, n., command, 77. 
 [iubeo.] 
 
 iustitia, -ae, /., justice, 523, 
 604. [iustus.] 
 
 iustus, -a, -um, adj., fair, 508; 
 just, 544. [ins.] 
 
 iuvenis, -is, m.f., youth, 321. 
 
 iuventa, -ae, /., youth (ab- 
 stract) , 590. [iuvenis.] 
 
 inventus, -utis, /., youth (col- 
 lective), 467. [iuvenis.] 
 
110 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 iuvo, -are, iuvi, iutum, v.a., 
 help, aid, 571; impers., it 
 deliglits, 203. 
 
 Karthago, -inis, /., Carthage, 
 the ruins of which are near 
 Tunis. 
 
 l§,bor, -oris, m., toil, trouble, 
 distress, 10 ; workmanship, 
 455 ; soils labores, eclipses, 
 742. [root ARBH = be ac- 
 tive.] 
 
 labor, -i, lapsus, v. dep., glide, 
 swoop, 394, 
 
 lS,boratus, -a, -um, worked, 
 639. [mbor.] 
 
 lacrima, -ae, /., tear, 228. {cp. 
 
 fiaxpu.J 
 
 IS-crimor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 weep, 470. [lacrima.] 
 
 laedo, -6re, -si, -sum, v.a., hurt, 
 offend, 8. 
 
 laetitia, -ae, /., gladness, 636. 
 [laetus.] 
 
 laetor, -ari, -iltus, v. dep., re- 
 joice, 393. [laetus.] 
 
 laetus, -a, -um, adj., glad, 35. 
 [orig. plaetus, cp. latus 
 
 (TrAaTO?) .] 
 
 laeva, -ae {sc. manus), /., left 
 hand, 611. [Aaios.] 
 
 lapsus, -a, -um, part, of labor. 
 
 ia,queare, -is, n., fretted ceil- 
 ing, 726. 
 
 largus, -a, -um, adj., copious, 
 4«)5. 
 
 late, adv., far and wide, 21. 
 [latus.] 
 
 15,teo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie hid, 
 
 108. 
 lS,tex, -icis, 7)1., liquid, wine, 
 
 68(5, 736. 
 Latinus, -a, -um, adj., Latin, 
 
 of Latium, 6. 
 Latium, -i, n., the broad plain 
 
 near the mouth of the Tiber. 
 Latona, -ae, /., mother by 
 
 Jupiter of Apollo and Diana, 
 
 502. 
 latus, -a, -um, adj., broad, 
 
 wide, 427. [TrAarv?.] 
 
 latus, -eris, n., side, 122, [orig. 
 
 l^latus, cp. laetus.] 
 laus, -dis, /., praise, 625; pZ., 
 
 609 ; virtue, 461. [root CLU ; 
 
 cp. kAv'oj.] 
 
 Lavinium, -\,n., the town built 
 
 by Aeneas in Latium. 
 Lavinus, -a, -um, adj., Lavin- 
 
 ian. 
 laxus, -a, -um, adj., loose, 63. 
 
 [cp. AiJoj, luo, loose.] 
 lectus, -a, -um, adj., chosen, 
 
 518. 
 Leda, -ae, /., wife of Tyn- 
 
 dareus, mother of Castor, 
 
 Pollux, Clytemnestra, and 
 
 Helen. 
 16go, -ere, legi, lectum, v.a., 
 
 choose, 426, note. 
 lenio, -ire, -ivi, -Itum, v.a., 
 
 assuage, 451. [lenis = gentle.] 
 16 vis, -e, adj., light, 147. 
 16vo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 lighten, 330; raise, 145. 
 
 [levis.] 
 lex, IC'gis, /,, law, enactment, 
 
 507. [cp. lego.] 
 
VOCABULAEY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 libo, -are, -avi, -atvim, v.n., 
 
 lightly touch, taste, 256; 
 
 pour a libation, 737. [Aet'^co.] 
 Liburni, -orum, in., a people 
 
 of Illj'ria. 
 Libya, -ae, /., North Africa, 
 
 2l>, etc. 
 Libycus, -a, -um, adj., Libyan, 
 
 African, 339. 
 licet, r. imj^ers., it is lawful, 
 
 551. [rp. liuquo.] 
 iimen, -inis, n., threshold (usu. 
 
 in pL), 389. [root LIG = 
 
 tie.J 
 linquo, -ere, liqui, v. a., leave, 
 
 .517. 
 liquor, -qui, v. dep., flow, 432. 
 
 [liqueo.] 
 litus, -oris, n., shore, 3, etc. 
 loco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 place, 213. [locus.] 
 locus, -i (pi. -i and -a), m., 
 
 place, spot, 51. 
 longe, adv., far, afar, 13. 
 longius, adv., farther, 262. 
 longus, -a, -uni, adj., long, 
 
 deep, 1.59, etc. 
 loquor, -i, locutus, v. dej)., 
 
 speak, say, Gli, 731. 
 lorum, -i, n., thong; pi., reins, 
 
 156, 477. 
 luctor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 
 struggle, 53. 
 liicus, -i, m., grove, 450. 
 ludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.n., sport, 
 
 397 ; mock, 352, 408. [ludus 
 
 = play.] 
 lumen, -inis, n., light, 590 ; pi., 
 
 eyes, 226. [root LUC = shine ; 
 
 cp. lux.] 
 
 luna. -ae, /., moon, 742. [ = 
 lucna, root LUC = shine.] 
 
 lunatus, -a, -um, adj., crescent- 
 shaped, 490. [luna.] 
 
 luo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., atone 
 
 for, i;36. [cp. A.ua).] 
 
 lupa, -ae, /"., she- wolf, 275. 
 
 [cp. AvKO?.] 
 
 lustre, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 review, 453; search, 577; 
 traverse, 608. [luo.] 
 
 lustrum, -i, n., a purification, 
 hence, the period between 
 each formal purification of 
 Rome by the Censors held 
 every fifth year, at which a 
 pig (or ram) , sheep, and bull 
 were offered {suovetaiirilia). 
 [luo.] 
 
 lux, -cis, /., light, dawn, 306. 
 [root LUC = shine.] 
 
 luxus, -lis, m., magnificence, 
 637. \cp. laxus.] 
 
 Lyaeus, -a, -um, adj., of Lyaeus 
 or Bacchus, 686. [' the looser, ' 
 
 Aiiaio?.] 
 
 lychnus, -i, m., lamp, 726. 
 
 [Av^t'os.] 
 
 Lycius, -a, -um, adj., Lycian, 
 from Lycia (in Asia Minor). 
 
 Lycus. -i, m., a Trojan, 222. 
 
 lympba, -ae, /., water, (pi.) 
 701, [same word as nym- 
 pha.] 
 
 lynx, -cis, /., a lynx, 323. 
 
 [Avv^] 
 
 maculosus. -a, -um, adj., 
 spotted, dappled, 323. [ma- 
 cula = spot.] 
 
112 
 
 LA TIX-ENGLISn 
 
 maereo, -ere, v.n., mourn, 197. 
 ['7'. miser.] 
 
 maestus, -a, -um, adj., sad, 
 mourning, 202. [maereo.] 
 
 magalia, -ium, n. pL, huts, 
 4l'l. [Punic •word.] 
 
 magis, adc, more, 15. [cj:). 
 majjnus.] 
 
 mS-gister, -tri, m.., helmsman, 
 115. [root MAG; cp. min- 
 ister.] 
 
 mS.gistratus, -us, m., magis- 
 trate, 42(). [magister.] 
 
 magn- animus, -a, -um, adj., 
 great-souled, 200. [magnus, 
 animus.] 
 
 magnus, -a, -um, adj., great, 
 
 ."So. [cp. jaeya?, magis.] 
 
 Maia, -ae,/., daughter of Atlas, 
 mother of Mercury by Ju- 
 piter, 297. 
 
 maior, -us, adj., greater, 545. 
 [i.e. magyor.] 
 
 malum, -i, n., evil, trouble, 198. 
 
 malus, -a, -um, adj., bad, evil, 
 352. 
 
 mamma, -ae, /., a breast, 492. 
 [cp. ma-ter.] 
 
 maneo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.n., 
 remain, 2(). [jueVco.] 
 
 mantele, -is, ii., towel, 702. 
 
 m^nus, -us, /., hand, 187; ^j*^., 
 workmanship, 455, 592. 
 
 mire, -is, n., sea, 32, etc. 
 [root MAR = waste.] 
 
 Mars, -tis, m., god of war, 
 father of Romulus and Re- 
 mus, 274. 
 
 mater, -tris, /., mother, 314, 
 etc. [c}). mamma.] 
 
 maturo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 hasten, 1.37. [=mag-turo = 
 make to grow.] 
 
 Mavortius, -a, -um, adj., of 
 Mavors, i.e. Mars, 276. 
 
 maximus, -a, -um, adj., great- 
 est ; ('."^p., eldest, 521. 
 
 mecum = cum me, with me, 
 379. 
 
 meditor, -ari, -atus, -sum, 
 V. dep., design, 074. [root 
 MADH = measure.] 
 
 medius, -a, -um, adj., middle, 
 mid, intervening. [ixeao^, 
 
 fxeTa..] 
 
 mel, mellis, n., honey, 432. 
 
 [ueAt.] 
 
 melius, adv., better, 452. 
 
 membrum, -i, n., limb, 92. 
 [root MEN = divide.] 
 
 memini, -isse, v.n. defect., re- 
 member, 203. [redupl. root 
 ]\IEN = think; cp. moneo.] 
 
 Memnon, -onis, m., beautiful 
 son of Tithonus and Aurora, 
 King of Ethiopians, killed at 
 Troy, by Achilles, 489. 
 
 memor, -oris, adj., mindful, 
 23. [= menor, root MEN.] 
 
 memSro, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 recount, 8. [memor.] 
 
 me n6, me, ne (enclitic), 37, 
 97. 
 
 mens, -tis, /., mind, 20. [root 
 MEN.] 
 
 mensa, -ae, /., table, 216. [root 
 MENS.] 
 
 mensis, -is, m., month, 209. 
 [root MENS.] 
 
 mercor, -ari, -atus, v. dep.. 
 
VOCABULAEY. 
 
 113 
 
 purchase, 367. [root MAR = 
 
 measure out.] 
 meritum, -i, n., merit, desert, 
 
 74, IJl. [mereo = earu.] 
 merum, -i, n., wine, slieer wine, 
 
 72ii. [merus = unmixed.] 
 meta, -ae, /., limit, 278. [cp. 
 
 metior = measure.] 
 metuo, -ere, -ui, -utum, v. a., 
 
 dread, 23, 61. [metus.] 
 metus, -us, m., dread, fear, 
 
 ^0( 
 
 my, mine, 
 
 -ui, v.n., glitter, 
 of ego, 8. [orig. 
 
 meus, -a, -um, adj 
 231. 
 
 mice, -are 
 flash, 90. 
 
 mihi, dat. 
 mibhi.] 
 
 mille, card, adj., a thousand, 
 •199; pi. subst. (milia), thou- 
 sands, 491. 
 
 minister, -tri, m., attendant, 
 705. [minus; cj9. magister.] 
 
 ministro, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 v.a., supply, 150, 213. [min- 
 ister.] 
 
 minor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 threaten, 162. [mineo = jut.] 
 
 minor, -us, adj., less ; pi. .subst., 
 descendants, 532. 
 
 minus, adv., less, 633. [miror.] 
 
 mirabilis, -e, adj., wonderful, 
 •439. [miror.] 
 
 miror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., won- 
 der at, 421. [mirus.] 
 
 mirus, -a, -um, adj., wondrous, 
 354. 
 
 misceo, -ere, -ui, mixtum (mis- 
 tum), v.a., mix, trouble, 124. 
 [mix.] 
 
 miser, -era, -erum, adj., 
 
 wretched, hapless, 344. [cp. 
 
 maestus.] 
 miserabilis, -e, adj., pitiable, 
 
 111. [miser.] 
 miseror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 
 \nty, 597. [miser.] 
 mitesco, -ere, v.n., become 
 
 mild, 291. [mitis.] 
 mitto, -ere, misi, missum, 
 
 v.a., send, 633; dismiss, 
 
 203. 
 mode, adv., only, 389, 401. 
 
 [modus, lit. 'by measure.'] 
 mSdus, -i, ?»., manner {pL), 
 
 354. [root MAD; c^J. Me5lM^'os, 
 
 moderor.] 
 moenia, -ium, ??., walls, town- 
 walls, 7, 95. [moenio, munio 
 
 = fortify.] 
 moles, -is, /., difficulty, 33; 
 
 mass, 61, 134. 
 molior, -iri, -itus, v. dep., bring 
 
 about, 414; build, 424; con- 
 trive, 564. [moles,] 
 mollio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 
 calm, 57. [mollis.] 
 mollis, -e, adj., soft, 693. [cp. 
 
 jixaAaKO?.] 
 
 monile, -is, n., necklace, 654. 
 
 mons, -tis, m., mountain, 55, 
 61. 
 
 monstro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 point out, 321. [monstrum, 
 i.e. mon-es-trum = the warn- 
 ing.] 
 
 mora, -ae,/., delay, 414. 
 
 moror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., 
 delay, 670. [mora.] 
 
 mors, -tis,/., death, 91. 
 
114 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 morsus, -us, 7n., bite, 169. 
 
 [iiiordeo.] 
 mortaiis, -e, adj., mortal, 328. 
 
 [mors.] 
 mos, moris, m., custom, 336; 
 
 /'/., laws, 264. 
 moveo, -ere, movi, motum, v.a., 
 
 move, excite, 135; open, 262. 
 mulceo, -ere, mulsi, mulsum, 
 
 v.a., soothe, (Mi. [c}). mul- 
 
 gec] 
 multus, -a, -um, adj., much, 
 
 many (esp. iu pi.), 5, 31. 
 munio, -Ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., 
 
 fortily, 271. 
 munus, -eris, 7i., gift, 636. 
 murmur, -uris, »., murmur, 
 
 roaring sound, 55, 124. 
 murus, -i, m., wall, 423, 483, 
 
 [rp. munio, moenia.] 
 MUsa, -ae,/., Muse, one of the 
 
 nine nuises, 8. [ixovaa.] 
 muto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 change, 658; mutare se, 
 
 change (r.n.), 674. 
 Mycenae, -firum, /., the chief 
 
 city of Agamemnon in Argo- 
 
 lis. 
 
 nam, con}., for, 308. [vip, 
 Eug. now.] 
 
 uamque, couj., for, 65. 
 
 nascor, -i, natus, v. dep., am 
 born, 286. [root GNA = be 
 born.] 
 
 nata, -ae, ./'., daughter, 256, 
 ()54. [root GNA; cp. nas- 
 cor]. 
 
 natus, -i, m., sou, 407, etc. 
 [root GNA.] 
 
 navigo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 sail over, ()2. [navis, ago.] 
 navis, -is, /., ship, 120, etc. 
 
 ne, (:o)}j., lest, 299. 
 
 -ne, interrofjative enclitic par- 
 ticle, 37, 97. 
 
 nebula, -ae, /., cloud, mist, 
 412, 432. [cp. nubes, i-ec^eArj.] 
 
 nee, conj., nor, and not, 38. 
 
 necdum, conj., nor yet, 25. 
 
 nectar, -aris, n., nectar (of 
 honey), 433. [The drink of 
 the gods in Homer.] 
 
 necto, -ere, -xui, -xum, v.a., 
 join. 448. 
 
 nefandus, -a, -um, adj., ac- 
 cursed, wrong, 543. [root FA.] 
 
 nemus, -oris, ti., grove, 165. 
 
 [le/xo?.] 
 
 Neptunus, -i, m., Neptune, god 
 
 of the sea, 125. 
 nequa, conj., lest in any way, 
 
 682. 
 n§qud, conj., nor, and not, 260; 
 
 neque enim, for indeed . . . 
 
 not, 198, 643. 
 nequeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.n., 
 
 nm unable, 713. [queo.] 
 nequis, pron., lest any, 413, 
 
 674. 
 nescio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.n., 
 
 l)e ignorant of, 565. [scio.] 
 nescius, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 
 
 299. 
 neu, conj., nor, 413. [ne, ve = 
 
 or.] 
 ni, <-onj., if not, 58, 392. 
 niger, -gra, -grum, adj., black, 
 
 489. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 115 
 
 niliil, indecl. subst., nothing. 
 
 [ne liilum.] 
 nimbosus, -a, -um, adj., stormy, 
 
 535. [nimbus.] 
 nimbus, -i, in., storm cloud, 51, 
 
 80. 
 niteo, -ere, -ui, v.n., be bright, 
 
 228. 
 niveus, -a, -um, adj., snowy, 
 
 4()i). [nix, nivis.] 
 nodus, -i, m., knot, 296. 
 nomen, -inis, n., name, re- 
 nown, 248, 37G. [root GNO = 
 
 know.] 
 non, adv., not, 98. [orig. 
 
 noenum, i.e. ne oenum 
 
 (unum) =not one.] 
 nos, proii. pi. of ego, 250. 
 noster, -tra, -trum, adj., our, 
 
 330. 
 notus, -a, -um, part., known, 
 
 well known, GG9. [nosco.] 
 notus, -i, m., the south wind, 
 
 85; wind (in general), 575. 
 
 v6ro^.\ 
 
 novem, card, adj., nine, 245. 
 novitas, -atis, /., newness, 563. 
 
 [novus.] 
 ndvus, -a, -um, adj., new, 307. 
 
 \yiFo<;.\ 
 
 nox, -ctis,/., night, 80. {yv^.l 
 noxa, -ae, /., guilt, 41. 
 
 [noceo.] 
 nubes, -is, /., cloud, 88. [root 
 
 NUB = veil ; cp. nubo.] 
 nudo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 
 lay bare, strip, 211, 356, 
 
 [nudus.] 
 nudus, -a, -um, adj., bare, 
 
 320. 
 
 nullus, -a, -um, adj., no, none, 
 
 184. [ne ullus.] 
 numen, -inis, n., divinity, divine 
 
 power, 8, 48. [root NU=nod.] 
 numerus, -i, m., number, 193. 
 
 [(:p. I'ofj.o'i, ' that which is dealt 
 
 out.'] 
 nunc, adv., now, 220. 
 nuntio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 announce, 391. [nuntius, i.e. 
 
 novi-ventius.] 
 nutrimentum, -i, n., fodder, 
 
 176. [nutrio = nourish.] 
 nutrix, -icis, /., nurse, 275. 
 
 [nutrio.] 
 nympha, -ae, /, n., nymph, a 
 
 class of inferior goddesses 
 
 who haunted the sea, woods, 
 
 etc. [= vvfji.4>rj.] 
 
 0, interj., O ! oh! 
 
 oh, prep. 'With ace, on account 
 
 of, 4, 41. {(-p. eTTu] 
 
 ob'iectus, -us, m., jutting, [ob, 
 
 iaeio.] 
 ob'latus, -a, -um, part, of 
 
 of'fero, meeting, 450. 
 obTuo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., 
 
 overwhelm, 69. 
 ob'scurus, -a, -um, adj., shady, 
 
 thick, 411. [root SCU = to 
 
 cover ; cp>. scvitum.] 
 ob'stipesco, -ere, -stipui, v.n., 
 
 be astonished. 
 ob"sto, -fire, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., 
 
 hinder, 746. 
 ob'tusus, -a, -um, adj., blunted, 
 
 567. [obtundo = blunt.] 
 ob'tutus, -us, m., gaze, 495. 
 
 [tueor = see.] 
 
116 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 obvius, -a, -uin, adj., so as to 
 
 meet, [ob, via.] 
 oc'casus, -us, //(., fall, 238. 
 
 [cfi.lo = fall.] 
 occubo, -are, v.n., lie low, 547. 
 
 [ob. cilbo.] 
 OC'Culo, -ere, -cului, -cultum, 
 
 r.d., hide, 312. [ob, eolo.] 
 oc'cultus, -a, -um, adj., secret, 
 
 688. [occiilo.] 
 oc"Cumbo, -ere, -cubui, -ciibi- 
 
 tuiii, r.))., fall (in death), 97. 
 
 [ob, cuiiibo.] 
 oc'curro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., 
 
 meet, 682. [ob, curro.] 
 oceanus, -i, m., ocean, a river 
 
 running round the earth. 
 
 [a)»ceai'6s.J 
 
 ociilus, -i, m., eye, 89. [cp. 
 
 oa-o-o/uLa(. = see; Eng. eye.] 
 odium, -i, n., hate, hatred, 361. 
 
 [odi = I hate.] 
 odor, -oris, in., smell, fra- 
 grance, 403. [root OD; cp. 
 
 oleo, 5^(0.] 
 Oenotri, -orum, 7n., Oenotrians, 
 
 in south-east Italy, 532 (poet. 
 
 for Oenotrii). 
 of'fero, -ferre, obtuli, oblatum, 
 
 r.o.., put in the way. [ob, 
 
 fero.] 
 of-ficium, -i, n., kindness, 548. 
 
 [ob, filcio.] 
 Oileus, -i, in., father of the 
 
 lesser Ajax, 41. 
 olim, adv., hereafter, one day, 
 
 20, 203, 234, 289; formerly, 
 
 653. [olle.] 
 olle, old form o/ille. 
 Olympus, -i. m., Olympus, a 
 
 mountain in Thessaly, on 
 which Homer's gods dwelt; 
 hen re, heaven, sky, 374. 
 
 omni-potens, -tis, adj., al- 
 mighty, 60. [omnis, putens.] 
 
 omnis, -e, adj., all, every, 15, 
 32, 74. [perhaps akin to 
 ambo.] 
 
 onero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 load, store, 195. [onus.] 
 
 onus, -eris, n., load, 434. 
 
 onustus, -a, -um, adj., laden, 
 289. [onus.] 
 
 op-,/', defect., power, 601; pi., 
 means, 14, 571. 
 
 opimus, -a, -um, adj., rich, fer- 
 tile, 621. [ob, *pimo = fatten; 
 cp. pi'nguis.] 
 
 op'perior, -iri, -peritus (per- 
 tus) , V. dep., await, 454. [ob, 
 *perior {whence peritus) ; cp. 
 experior.] 
 
 oppeto, -ere, -ivi, -itum, v. a., 
 meet (death), die, 96. [ob, 
 peto.] 
 
 opprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pres- 
 sum, v.a., overwhelm, 129. 
 [ob, premo.] 
 
 opto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 wish, 76; choose, 425. [root 
 OP = look; Gk. 6ii/oMai.] 
 
 Spulentus, -a, -um, adj., 
 wealthy, 447. [op-.] 
 
 opus, -eris, »., work, 455. [San- 
 skrit, apas = work.] 
 
 ora. -ae, /., shore, coast, 1, 95. 
 
 orbis, -is, m., globe, world, 
 233: round, cycle, 269. 
 
 ordior, -Iri, orsus, v. dep., be- 
 gin, 325. [lit. 'lay a web.'] 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 117 
 
 ordo, -inis, m., order (esp. in 
 abl.), 395. [root OR-; cp. 
 oriov.] 
 
 Oreas, -fidis, /., mountain- 
 
 nj'lUph, 500. ['Opeias.] 
 
 Oriens, -tis {sc. sol), the east, 
 28!). [orior.] 
 
 origo, -luis, /., beginning, 372; 
 descent, 286. [orior,] 
 
 Orion, -ouis, in., a mighty- 
 hunter, after death a con- 
 stellation, 535 (note). 
 
 orior, -iri, ortus, v. dep., rise, 
 be sprung, G26. [root OR-, 
 
 Cp. oprvfjiL.j 
 
 ornatus, -us, 7n., adornment, 
 
 ^ 650. [orno.] 
 
 Orontes, -is, m., a Trojan, 113, 
 
 2'-:o. 
 orsus, -a, -um, 2)art. of or- 
 
 dior. 
 ortus, -a, -um, pai'f. o/ orior. 
 OS, oris, n., face, mouth, 315. 
 
 [Sanskrit asya = face.] 
 OS, ossis, 71., bone, 660 (note). 
 
 [ocrreoi'.J 
 
 osculum, -i, 72., mouth, kiss, 
 
 2.56. [dim. of os.] 
 ostendo, -ere, -i, -turn, v.a., 
 
 point out, 206. [obs, tendo.] 
 Ostium, -i, 71., mouth (of river, 
 
 etc.), 14, 400. [os.] 
 ostrum, -i, n., purple, 639, 700. 
 
 [ocrrpeov.] 
 
 pabulum, -i, ??., food, grass, 
 473. [root PA, cp. pasco.] 
 
 paenitet, -uit, v. impers., it 
 repents, 549. [root PU = 
 cleanse; cp. poena.] 
 
 palla, -ae, /., shawl, [cp. 
 
 pellis.] 
 Pallas, -adis, /., epithet of 
 
 Athena (confused with the 
 
 Roman goddess Minerva) . 
 pallidus, -a, -um, adj., pale, 
 
 354. [palleo, cp. pul- 
 
 lus.] 
 palma, -ae,/*., palm (of hand), 
 
 93, 481. [TraAafXT).] 
 
 Paphos, -i, /., city in Cyprus 
 
 sacred to Venus. 
 Parcae, -arum, /., the three 
 
 fates, viz. Clotho, Lachesis, 
 
 and Atropos. 
 parco, -ere, peperci, parsum, 
 
 V.71., spare. [=sparco; cjy.. 
 
 cTTTapro? = rare.] 
 parens, -utis, 7n.f., parent, 75» 
 
 392. [pario.] 
 pareo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n.,. 
 
 obey, 682, 695. [intrans. 
 
 form of paro = make ready.] 
 pario. -ere, peperi, partum 
 
 (paritum), v.a., bring forth. 
 
 [Gk. e'TTOp'OV.j 
 
 Paris, -idis, m., son of Priam, 
 
 King of Troy, the ravisher 
 
 of Helen and cause of the 
 
 Trojan War, 27. 
 Parius, -a, -um, adj., Parian,. 
 
 of Paros (an isle in Aegaean) , 
 
 592. 
 paro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a', 
 
 prepare, 678. 
 pars, -tis,/., part, 212; j^^t^s 
 
 . . . pars, some . . . others, 423. 
 
 [portio, e-rropoi'.] 
 
 partior, -Iri, -itus, v. dep.,. 
 divide, 194. [pars.] 
 
118 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 partus, -lis, m., bringing forth, 
 
 274. [pfirio.] 
 pasco, -ere, pavi, pastum, v. a., 
 
 feed, 4G4. [root PA-; cj). 
 
 l»a"liuluin, pa'stor.] 
 Patavium, -i, »., town in North 
 
 Italj', now Padua, 
 pateo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie open, 
 
 2<)8. [root PAT, cp. spatium.] 
 pater, -tris, m., father, GO. 
 
 [root PA = feed.] 
 patera, -ae, /., goblet, 739. 
 
 [pfiteo.] 
 patior, pati, passus, v. dep., 
 
 suffer, endure, 5; allow, 38G, 
 
 note, 
 patria, -ae, /., fatherland, 
 
 country, 51. [pater.] 
 patrius, -a, -um, adj., of a 
 
 father, G20, 643. [pater.] 
 pauci, -ae, -a, adj., few, 538. 
 
 [root PAU-, CJ). navix), pau-lo, 
 
 pau-per.] 
 paulatim, adv., gi-adually, 720. 
 
 [paukim.] 
 pax, -cis, ./■., peace, 249. [root 
 
 PAC, PAG, cp. pa(n)go, pa- 
 
 ciscor.] 
 pectus, -oris, n., breast, 36, 
 
 44. 
 pecus, -oris, n., herd, lot, 435. 
 
 [root PAG.] 
 pecus, -udis, /., beast, 743. 
 
 [root PAG.] 
 pelagus, -i, n., sea, main, 138. 
 
 [TreAayo?.] 
 
 Pglasgus. -a, -um, adj., Pelas- 
 giaii, of tlie Pelasgi, old in- 
 habitants of Greece; hence, 
 Greeks, 624. 
 
 pelta, -ae, /., small, light, 
 crescent-shaped shield, 490. 
 
 \ne\Tr).\ 
 
 , penates, -ium, m., household 
 
 gods, 704. [root PA; cp. 
 
 pater, j)anis; penus, pene- 
 
 tro.] 
 pendeo, -ere, pependi, pensum, 
 
 v.n., liaug, be suspended, [cp. 
 
 funda = sling.] 
 penetro, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 enter, 243. [root PA-, see 
 
 penates.] 
 penitus, adv., within, deeply, 
 
 200. [root PA, see penates.] 
 Penthesilea, -ae, /., queen of 
 ^. the Amazons, slain before 
 
 Troy by Achilles, 491. 
 penus, -us, m., provisions, 704. 
 
 [root PA-.] 
 peplus, -i, m., robe, 408. 
 
 [TreTrAo;.] 
 
 per, pi^ep. with ace. (i.) of 
 place, through, 59; through- 
 out, ()91, 725; over, along, 
 18G, 214. (ii.) of time, 
 through, during, 31, 305. 
 
 \jiTap6..'] 
 
 per-S,gro, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 
 r.((., traverse, 384. 
 perxutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, 
 
 v.a., strike (metaph.), 513. 
 
 [quatio.] 
 perfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, 
 
 v.a., bear, betake, 389. 
 per-flo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 blow over, 83. ,], 
 
 Pergima, -orum, n.X)l., citadel 
 
 of Troy, 466, 651. 
 per-go, -ere, perrexi, per- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 119 
 
 rectum, v. a., proceed, 372. 
 
 [per, rego.] 
 periculum, -i, n., danger, 615. 
 
 [root PERI; cp. opperior.] 
 per'labor, -i, -lapsus, v. dep., 
 
 glide over, liT. 
 perTQisceo, -ere, -ui, -mixtum 
 
 (mistum), v.a., mix, 488. 
 per'initto, -ere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 v.a., allow, 5i0. 
 per'solvo, -ere, -i, -soMtum, 
 
 v.a., pay, 600. 
 per"s6no, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 
 fill with souud, 741. 
 per'tempto, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 
 v.a., assail, 502. 
 pes. pedis, m., foot, 404. [n-oi;?.] 
 pestis, -is, m., jplague, 712. 
 
 [=perd-tis; cjj. perdo.] 
 peto, -ere, -ivl, -itum, v.a., seek, 
 
 181; make for, 158; attack, 
 
 717. [lit., fall upon, 7reT0/J.ai.] 
 
 pharetra, -ae, /., quiver, 323. 
 
 IjPapeTpa.] 
 
 Phoebus, -i, m., Phoebus, an 
 epithet of Apollo, 329. 
 [(fyol^os = bright.] 
 
 Phoenices, -um, m., Phoeni- 
 cians, 344. 
 
 Pboenissa, -ae, /., Phoenician 
 woman {i.e. Dido), 670, 714. 
 [fem. of Phoenix.] 
 
 Phrygius, -a, -um, adj., Phry- 
 gian, belonging to Phrygia, 
 the north-west district of 
 Asia Minor, in which Troy 
 stood, hence, Trojan, 182, 
 381, 618. 
 
 Phryx, -gis, m.f., a Phrygian, 
 i.e. Trojan, 468. 
 
 Pthia, -ae, /., a city of Thes- 
 
 saly, birthplace of Achilles, 
 
 284. 
 pictura, -ae, /., a picture, 
 
 painting, 464. [pi(n)go = 
 
 paint.] 
 pictus, -a, -um, part., painted, 
 
 embroidered, 708, 711. 
 pietas, -atis, /., observance of 
 
 duty, 10, ' 151, 253, 545. 
 
 [liius.] 
 pinguis, -e, adj., fat, 215, 635. 
 
 [root PAG; c;^. pango.] 
 plus, -a, -um, adj., observant 
 
 of duty, loyal, 220, 305, 378,, 
 
 526,603. [cp. Wco?] 
 placidus, -a, -um, adj., calm, 
 
 127, 249, 521, 691. [lit. = 
 
 pleasing ; cp. placeo.] 
 placitus, -a, -um, part., de- 
 cided, 283. [impers. placet 
 
 = it is decided.] 
 placo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a.y 
 
 calm, smooth, 142. 
 plaga, -ae,/., region, 394. [root 
 
 PLAC- = flat ; cp. planus.] 
 plausus, -fis, 111., clapping, ap- 
 plause, 747. [plaudo = clap 
 
 the hands.] 
 plenus, -a, -um, adj., full, 400, 
 
 460, 739. [root PLE ; cp. 
 
 plebS, populus, 7ri>7rATj|at.] 
 
 plus, compar. adj., more, 385. 
 
 [root PLE.] 
 plurimus, -a, -um, superl. adj., 
 
 very many, 305 ; in mighty 
 
 mass, 419. [root PLE.] 
 pluvius, -a, -um, adj., rainy, 
 
 744. [pluo = rain ; cp. ttAcw = 
 
 sail.] 
 
120 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 poculum. -i, n., goblet, 706. 
 
 [root F0 = drink.] 
 poena, -ae,/., punishment, 136. 
 
 [root PU ; see paenitet.] 
 Poeni. -orum, m., Phoenicians, 
 
 Ciirtlia.iiinians, 302, 442, 567. 
 polliceor, -eri, -itus, i\ dep., 
 
 promise, 237. [por {=TTp6^), 
 
 iToeor.] 
 pdlus, -i, ?n., pole, sky, 90, 398, 
 
 ()08. [7r6Ao?.] 
 
 pono, -ere, po-sui, po-s!tum, 
 v.a., place, set, 278, 706; lay, 
 173; build, 264; lay aside, 
 291 , 302. [= por (= 7rp6?) , sino.] 
 
 pontus, -i, m., sea, 40, etc. 
 
 [ttotto?. J 
 
 pdposci, redupl. perf. o/posco. 
 pdpulo, -are, -avi, -atura, v.a., 
 
 lay waste, 527. [populus = 
 
 throw number of men over a 
 
 country.] 
 pSpulus, -i, m., people, tribe, 
 
 21, 148, 225, 263. [root PLE-, 
 
 see planus.] 
 porta, -ae, /., gate, 83. [root 
 
 PAR = pierce.] 
 porto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 bear, carry, 68. [= forto, 
 
 frequ. of fero.] 
 portus, -us, in., harbour, 159. 
 
 [root PAR = pierce.] 
 posco. -ere, poposci, v.a., de- 
 
 nuind, 414, 728 ; request, 666. 
 
 [root PORC- ; cp. precor.] 
 pdsitus, -a, -um, part, of pono. 
 possum, posse, potui, v.n., am 
 
 able, 38. [potis, sum.] 
 post, (i). adv., afterwards, 136, 
 
 612, 740; (ii.) prep, with ace, 
 
 after, 296. {op. po-ne, post- 
 
 remus.] 
 post'h£lbeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, 
 
 v.a., esteem less, neglect, 16. 
 postquam, conj., after that, 
 
 154. 
 pdtens, -tis, adj., lord {v:ith 
 
 f/en.), 80; powerful, 531. 
 pStentia, -ae, /., power, 664. 
 
 [potens.] 
 p6tior, -iri, -itus sura, v. dep., 
 
 gain {loith ahl.), 172. [potis.] 
 prae-cipue, adv., especially, 
 
 220. 712. [prae, capio.] 
 praeda, -ae, /., prey, 210, 528. 
 
 [= praeheuda ; from prae- 
 
 hendo.] 
 prae'mitto, -ere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, v.a., send forward, 644. 
 praemium, -i, n., prize, re- 
 ward, 461, ()05. [prae, emo 
 
 = get before others.] 
 praeruptus, -a, -um, part., 
 
 broken off, rugged, 105. 
 praesens, -tis, adj., present, 
 
 iiistnnt, 91. [praesum.] 
 praosepe, -is, n., an enclosure 
 
 (of any kind), a hive, 435. 
 prae'sto, -fire, -stiti, -stTtura, 
 
 r./(., excel, 71; v. impiers., it 
 
 is better, 135. 
 praeterea. adv., hereafter, 
 
 49; moreover, 647, 653. 
 
 [= praeter ea or praeter earn 
 
 (rem).] 
 praeverto. -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., 
 
 prcoccujiy, 721. 
 prae-vertor, v. dep., outstrip, 
 
 721. 
 pr§mo, -ere, pressi, pressum, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 121 
 
 v.a., keep down, 54, 209; 
 
 tighten (reins), 63; oppress, 
 
 285; overwhelm, 24(3; pursue 
 
 closely, 324, 467. 
 Priamus, -i, m., the aged king 
 
 of Troy, 458, 461, 487, 654, 
 
 7oO. 
 pridem, adv., for a long time, 
 
 long, 722. [pri (= prae) with 
 
 demonstrative -dem.] 
 primum, adv., firstly, 174, 
 
 [primus.] 
 primus, -a, -um, svperl. adj., 
 
 first, earliest, 1 ; in the front 
 
 rank, 24. [pri (= prae) ; cj). 
 
 prior, prisons.] 
 princeps, -cipis, in./., a chief, 
 
 488. [primus, capio.] 
 prior, -oris, compar. adj., for- 
 mer, first (of two), 321, 548, 
 
 581. [pri-.] 
 priusquam, conj., before that, 
 
 192, 472. 
 pro, prep., on behalf of, 24; in 
 
 return for, 74; instead of, 
 
 659. 
 procax, -acis, adj., saucy, wan- 
 ton. .536. [cp. precor.] 
 procella, -ae, /., storm, 85, 
 
 102. [pro; root CEL, cp. 
 
 celer.] 
 prScer, -eris, in., a noble, 740, 
 
 [pro: CAR, root of creo.] 
 procul, ad.v., far, 469. [cp. 
 
 procello = drive away.] 
 pro -do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, 
 
 v.a., betray, 252, 470. 
 prdficiscor, -i, profectus, v. 
 
 dep., set forth, 340, 732. [lit,, 
 
 'make forth,' pro, facio.] 
 
 pro 'for, -fari, -fatus, v. dep., 
 
 speak out, 561. 
 prd'ftigxis, -a, -um, adj., fugi- 
 tive, 2. 
 pro fundus, -a, -um, adj., deep, 
 
 high, 58. 
 progenies, -ei,/., offspring, 19, 
 
 2."i0. [root GEN; cp. gigno.] 
 prohibeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 
 keep away, 525, 540, [habeo.] 
 proles, -is,/., offspring, 75, 274. 
 
 [pro, root AL, cp. alo.] 
 pro'luo, -ere, -i, -tum, v.a., 
 
 drench, swill, 739. [cp. Kovia.'] 
 pro-mitto, -ere, -nnsi, -missum, 
 
 v.a., promise, 258. 
 pronus, -a, -um, adj., forward, 
 
 headlong, 115. [root PRA; 
 
 cp. prae, n-pai'jjs.] 
 propius, adv., more nearh^ 
 
 nearer, 526. [prope; pro, 
 
 demonstrative -pe.] 
 proprius, -a, -um, adj., my 
 
 (thy, etc.) own, 73, 
 prora, -ae, /., prow, 104. 
 
 [-poipa.] 
 
 proTuptus, -a, -um, part., 
 
 bursting forth, 246. [l^ro- 
 
 rumpo.] 
 prospectus, -iis, m., outlook, 
 
 view. 181. Q)ro"spicio.] 
 pro'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- 
 
 tum, v.a., look forth, 127; 
 
 espy, 185, [specio.] 
 proximus, -a, -um, svperl. 
 
 adj., nearest, 157. [prope.] 
 pubes, -is, /., youth, 399. 
 
 [root PU = beget ; cp. puer,] 
 puer, pueri, m., boy, 267. 
 
 [root PU = beget; cp. pubes.] 
 
 OF TER 
 
122 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 pugna, -ae,/., battle, 450. [root 
 
 PUG; cp. puiigo, pugil.] 
 pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj., 
 
 beauteous, fair, 72, 75. [i.e. 
 
 pol-eer, root POL = bright.] 
 pulsus, -a, -um, part, of pello. 
 pulvis, -eris, m., dust, 478. 
 Punicus, -a, -um, a(JJ., Punic, 
 
 Carthaginian, 338. [Poeni.] 
 puppis, -is, /., ship's stern, 
 
 ship, 69, 115. 
 purgo, -are, -avi, -utum, v.a., 
 
 clear, 587. [coutr. from 
 
 pfirigo; purus, ago.] 
 purpureas, -a, -um, adj., red, 
 
 bright-coloured (a very vague 
 
 word), 337, 591. Q^urpura.] 
 Pygmalion, -onis, ni., Dido's 
 
 brother, 347, 364. 
 
 qua, where, 401, 418. [qui.] 
 quaere, -ere, quaeslvi, quae- 
 
 situm, v.a., seek, 380, 595; 
 
 inquire, 309, 370. 
 quails, -e, adj., of such a kind 
 
 as, such as, 31(5, 430, 498, 539 ; 
 
 of what kind, 752. 
 quam, conj., than, 192, 472; 
 
 adr., how, 327. 
 quando, roiij., since, 201. 
 quantus, -a, -um, adj., how 
 
 gi-rat, 719, 752. 
 quare, adv., wherefore, G27. 
 quasso, -fire, -avi, -utum, v.a., 
 
 shatter, 551. [quatio.] 
 qua,t§r, adv., four times, 94. 
 -qu§, co-ord. conj. {enclitic 
 
 folloioimi its word), and. 
 qu§ror, -i, questus, v. dep., 
 
 complain, 385. 
 
 qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.y 
 who, what, which, 1, G2, etc. 
 
 quid, interrofj. adv., why? 407, 
 518, 745. 
 
 quies, -etis, /., rest, 691, 723. 
 
 l/'jy. KelfiaL.j 
 
 quiesco, -ere, -evi, -etum, v.n., 
 
 rest, 249. [quies.] 
 quietus, -a, -um, ac(/., tranquil, 
 
 303. [quies.] 
 quin, adv., nay more, 279. [qui 
 
 (abl.),ne.] 
 quinquaginta, card, adj., fifty, 
 
 703. 
 quippe, adv., indeed, forsooth, 
 
 .".9. 59, 661. [qui (abl.), -pe.] 
 Quirinus, -i, m., a name of the 
 
 deified Romulus, 292. [prob. 
 
 from Sabine town Cures.] 
 quis, quae, quid (qui, quae, 
 
 quod), interrofj. pron., who? 
 
 what? which? 76, etc. \cp. 
 
 quisquam, quaequam, quic- 
 
 quam ((piidquam) , pron., any 
 
 one, 48. 
 quisquis. quaeqnae, quicquid 
 
 (quodquod, quidquid), pron., 
 
 whosoever, 387. 
 quo, adv., whither, where, 442, 
 
 (Ml. 
 
 quocirca, adr., wlierefore, 673. 
 quondam, adv., formerly, 421. 
 
 [quom (=cum), demonstr., 
 
 dam.] 
 qu6que, adv., also, 5, etc. 
 
 rabies, -ei,/., rage, 200. 
 ripidus, -a, -um, adj., swift, 
 violent, 42, 117, 644. [rupio.] 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 123 
 
 rS-pio, -ere, -iii, raptum, v.a., 
 carry off, 28, 528 ; catch, 176 ; 
 snatch, rescue, 378. [root 
 
 RAP ; Cp. apndi^ix).] 
 
 rapto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 dvdg, 483. [rapio.] 
 rarus, -a, -um, adj., scattered, 
 
 here and there, 118. 
 ratis, -is, /., ship, hark, 43. 
 
 [rp. epeTr?s = a rower.] 
 recens, -tis, adj., fresh, 417. 
 
 [re, cand-; cp. candeo.] 
 rexipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 
 v.a., get back, rescue, 178, 
 
 553, 583. [capio.] 
 recludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
 disclose, 358. [claudo.] 
 re'condo, -ere, -didi, -dituin, 
 
 v.a., hide away, 681. 
 rectum, -i, n., right, 604. 
 
 [rego.] 
 re'curso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 come again and again, 662. 
 
 [curro.] 
 red"do, -ere, -didi, -ditum, v.a., 
 
 give back, 401). [red (=re), 
 
 do.] 
 redoleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., be 
 
 fragrant, 436. [red (=re), 
 
 oleo.] 
 re'duco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 bring back, 143. 
 re* dux, -ducis, adj., returned, 
 
 390, .397. 
 rgductus, -a, -um, adj., retired, 
 
 161. [reduco.] 
 re'fero, -ferre, rettiili, relatum, 
 
 r.a., utter, 94, 208; change, 
 
 281 ; bring back, 309. 
 refulgeo, -ere, -fulsi, v.n.. 
 
 shine, be resplendent, 402, 
 
 588. 
 re'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 
 v.a., pour back, 
 re'fusus, -a, -um, part., stream- 
 ing back, 126. 
 regalis, -e, adj., royal, 637, 686. 
 
 [root REG ; cp. rex, rego.] 
 regina, -ae, f., queen, 9, etc. 
 
 [root REG.] 
 regio, -onis, /., country, 460. 
 
 [root REG.] 
 regius, -a, -um, adj., royal, 
 
 princely, 443, 631, 677, 696. 
 
 [rex.] 
 regno, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 reign, 141, 265, 272. [root 
 
 REG.] 
 regnum, -i, n., reign, realm, 
 
 seat of empire, 17, 78, etc. 
 
 [root REG.] 
 rego, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., rule, 
 
 control, 153, 230, 340. [root 
 
 REG; cp. opeyo).] 
 
 re'latus, -a,-um,p«ri., brought 
 
 back, 390. 
 reliquiae, -arum,/., remnants, 
 
 30, 598 (see note) . [relinquo.] 
 remigium, -i, n., oarage, 301. 
 
 [remus, ago.] 
 re'mordeo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., 
 
 gnaw, torture, 261. 
 re'moveo, -ere, -movi, -motum, 
 
 r.a., take away, 216, 723. 
 remus, -i, m., oar, 552. 
 
 [eper/oto?.] 
 
 Eemus, -i, m., the brother of 
 
 Romulus, 292. 
 re'pendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., 
 
 weigh back, repay, 239. 
 
124 
 
 LA TIN-EN GL IS II 
 
 r6pent6, adv., suddenly, o8G, 
 
 5; 14. 
 r6p§to, -Qre, -ivi (-ii), -Itum, 
 
 r.ii., search, search l)ack, 'M2. 
 repono, -ere, -pnsui, -positum, 
 
 v.a., lay up, 2(5 ; restore, 253. 
 rgquiro, -ere, -quisivi, -quisi- 
 
 tum, v.a., seek, 217. [({uaero.] 
 res, rei, ./"., thing; but to be 
 
 variously translated accord- 
 ing to the context, 178, 204, 
 
 207, 229, etc. [root RA- = 
 
 think ; cp. reor, ratus.] 
 r§ses, -Tdis, adj., stagnant, 
 
 quiet, 722 ; (notn. sincj. does 
 
 not occur), [re, sedeo.] 
 resido, -ere, -sedi, -sessum, 
 
 v.n., sit down, 50G. 
 re'sisto, -ere, restiti, v.n., stand 
 
 forth, 58G. 
 respecto, -are, -avi, -utum, 
 
 v.a., regard, 603. 
 respondeo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., 
 
 answer to, 585. 
 re'sto, -sire, -stiti, v.n., remain, 
 
 556 ; survive, 679. 
 r^supinus, -a, -um, adj., with 
 
 upturned lace, 476. 
 resurgo, -ere, -surrexi, -sur- 
 
 rectum, v.n., rise again, 206. 
 rStego, -ere, -texi, -tectum, 
 
 v.(t., reveal, disclose, 356. 
 r6'viso, -ere, -visi, v.a., revisit, 
 
 415. 
 rgvdco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 recall, pluck up, 202, 214; 
 
 revive, 235. 
 r«x, regis, m., king, 52, etc. 
 Khesus, -i, m., a Thracian 
 
 prince whose horses were 
 
 taken and himself slain by 
 
 Ulysses and Diomedes, 4(59. 
 rigeo, -ere, -m, v.n., be stiff, 
 
 458. [('p. frigeo.] 
 rima, -ae,/., chink, 123. [root 
 
 RIG = gape.] 
 ripa, -ae,/., bank, 498. 
 robur, -oris, n., hard wood, 
 
 strength. 
 rSglto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 ask often, 750. [rogo.] 
 Roma, -ae,/., Rome, 7. [perh. 
 
 from root SRU = Srouma, i.e. 
 
 River-town.] 
 Rdmanus, -a, -um, adj., Ro- 
 man, of Rome, 33. 
 Eomani, -oruni, m., Romans, 
 
 '234, 277, 282. 
 Romulus, -i, m., the reputed 
 
 founder of Rome, 276. 
 rdseus, -a, -um, adj., rosy, 
 
 beauteous, 402. [rosa.] 
 rdta, -ae,/., wheel, 147. 
 rudens, -entis, m., cable, 87. 
 
 [peril, cp. rudo = creak.] 
 ruina, ae, /., downfall, fall, 
 
 129,238,647. [ruo.] 
 ruo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., tear 
 
 up. 35 ; v.n., rush forth, 83, 85. 
 rupes, -is, /., rock, 162, 310, 
 
 429. [rumpo.] 
 rus, vuris, n., country, field, 430. 
 RutMi, -orum, ni., the Rutu- 
 
 lians, a people of Latiuni, 
 
 266. 
 
 Sibaeus, -a, -um, adj., Sa- 
 baean, 416. [Saba, the chief 
 town in Arabia Felix, famous 
 for fraukincense.J 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 125 
 
 sacerdos, -otis, m.f. (priest), 
 
 priestess, 273. [siicer,] 
 sacratus, -a, -um, part., conse- 
 crated, sacred, 681, [sacro.] 
 saeculum, -i, n., generation, 
 
 age, 2!tl, 445, 606. 
 saepe, adv., often, 148, 669. 
 saepio, -ire, saepsi, saeptum, 
 
 v.d., hedge in, surround, 411, 
 
 432, 506. [saepes.] 
 saevio, -ire, -ii, -itum, v. a., 
 
 rage, 149. [sae\'Tis.] 
 saevus, -a, -um, adj., raging, 
 
 cruel, fierce, 4, 25, 99, 138, 
 
 458. 
 sagitta, -ae, /., arrow, 187. 
 
 [root SAGH = sharp.] 
 sal, salis, m. (salt), brine, 35, 
 
 173. [cp. aAs.] 
 saltern, adv., at least, 557. 
 
 [aceus. of salus, lit. = saving.] 
 salum, -i, n., the salt sea, 537. 
 
 [|al.] 
 salus. -utis,/., safety, 451, 463. 
 
 [root SAR = guard ; cp. sal- 
 
 vus. servo ; oAo?, whole. 
 Samos, -i, /., Sainos, a large 
 
 island off the west coast of 
 
 Asia Minor sacred to Juno, 
 
 16. 
 sanctus, -a, -um, adj., sacred, 
 
 426. [sancio.] 
 sanguis, -inis, m., blood, race, 
 
 parentage, 19, 235, 329, 550. 
 Sarpedon, -onis, m., king of 
 
 Lycia, slain at Troy, 100. 
 sator, -oris, m., father, 254. 
 
 [sero, root SA = sow.] 
 Saturnia, -ae, /., daughter of 
 
 Saturn, i.e. Juno, 23, 
 
 Saturnius, -a, -um, adj., Sa- 
 turnian, 569. 
 
 saxum, -i, n., rock, crag, rocky- 
 cave, 108, 109. [cp. seco.] 
 
 scaena, -ae, /., stage, back- 
 ground, 164, 429. [<TK-rjvq.] 
 
 scelus, -eris, n., crime, guilt, 
 
 347, 356. 
 sceptrum, -i, n., sceptre, 
 
 power, 57, 78, 253, 653. 
 
 [crKTJTTTpOl'.J 
 
 scnicet, adv., you must know, 
 
 [scire, -licet.] 
 scindo, -ere, scidi, scissum, v.a., 
 
 cleave, 161, 587. 
 scintilla, -ae, /., spark, 174. 
 
 [cp. airu-erip.] 
 
 scio, -Ire, scivi, scitum, v.n., 
 know, know how, 63, 682. 
 
 scdpulus, -i, m., rock, crag, 
 cliff, 45, 145, 163, 166, 180. 
 
 [cTKOTreAo?,] 
 
 scutum, -i, n., shield, 101. [see 
 
 obscurus.] 
 Scyllaeus, -a, -um, of Scylla, a 
 
 sea-monster with dogs about 
 
 the middle, haunting the 
 
 rock on the Italian coast, 
 
 opposite to Charybdis on the 
 
 Sicilian coast, 200. 
 se, reflexive pronoun, him-, 
 
 her-, itself, themselves, 131, 
 
 etc. 
 ss'cessus, -us, m., retired spot, 
 
 159. [cedo.] 
 seco, -are, -ui, -tum, v.a., cut, 
 
 cleave, 212. 
 se'cludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
 dismiss, 562. [claudo.] 
 secum = cum se, 37, etc. 
 
126 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 s6cundus, -a, -nm, adj., follow- 
 ing, 15lJ ; prosperous, 2U7. 
 [sequor.] 
 
 securus, -a, -um, adj., care- 
 less, recking uot of. [se, 
 cura.] 
 
 sgcutus, -a, -um, 2)art. of 
 sequor. 
 
 sSd, conj., but, 00, etc. ; sed 
 euim, yet forasmuch as, etc. 
 (Gk. diAAa ydp) , 19. [old abl. 
 = ' by itself.'] 
 
 sedeo, -ere, scdi, sessum, t'.??., 
 sit. 295. 
 
 sedes, -is, /., seat, home, abode, 
 84, 205, 247, 415, 557, G81. 
 [sedeo.] 
 
 sedile, -is, n., seat, 167. [sed- 
 eo.] 
 
 seditio, -onis,/., civil discord, 
 14! t. [se, do.] 
 
 semita, -ae, /., path, by-way, 
 by-road, 418. [se = apart, 
 meo = go.] 
 
 semper, adv., always, 609. 
 [i'2). semel; and for -per, 
 tautisper.] 
 
 senatus, -us, m., senate, 426. 
 [senex.] 
 
 seni, -ae, -a, adj., six each, six 
 (poetical) , 393. [sex.] 
 
 sententia, -ae, /., opinion, pur- 
 pose, 237, 260, 582. [seu- 
 tio.] 
 
 sentio, -ire, -si, -sum, i\a., per- 
 ceive, 125. 
 
 septem, cardinal adj., seven, 
 
 17'), l'.t2, 383. [enrd.] 
 
 Septimus, -a, -um, ordinal adj., 
 seventh, 755. [septem.] 
 
 sequor, -i, sdcutus, v. dep., 
 
 follow, 342, .382. 
 sereno, -are, -avi, -fitum, v.a., 
 
 calm, clear up, 255. [rp. 
 
 sol.] 
 Serestus, -i, m., a follower of 
 
 Aeneas, 611. 
 Sergestus, -i, m., a follower of 
 
 Aeneas, 510. 
 series, -ei,/., succession, chain, 
 
 641. [sero = joiu.] 
 sermo, -onis, m., talk, dis- 
 course, 217, 748. [sero = 
 
 join.] 
 serta, -orum, n., wreaths of 
 
 flowers, garlands, 417. [sero 
 
 = join.] 
 servitium, -i, n., slavery, 285. 
 
 [servus.] 
 servo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 keep, preserve, 207, 546. 
 sese = se. 
 seu, conj., or if; sen . . . sire, 
 
 whether ... or if, 218, 569. 
 
 [=si've.] 
 si, conj., if, 372; si forte, if 
 
 perchance, 151. 
 sibi, dat. of se, 604. 
 sic, adv., so, thus, even so, 22. 
 
 [= si'ce (demonstr.) .] 
 Sicania, -ae, f, another name 
 
 lor Sicily, 557. 
 Siculus, -a, -um, adj., Sicilian, 
 
 ;'.4. 
 Sidon, -onis, /., an old and 
 
 famous town of Phoenicia, 
 
 the mother city of Tyre, 619. 
 Sidonius, -a, -um, adj., Sido- 
 
 nian, 44(5, 613, 678. 
 sidus, -cris, n., constellation. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 12T 
 
 93. 103, 259, 608. [atSr^pog = 
 
 moUen irou ; sudo.] 
 signum, -i, n., eusigu, 443; 
 
 tigure, 648. 
 silentium, -i, n., silence, 730. 
 
 [sileo.] 
 slleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., am silent, 
 
 152, 164. 
 silex, -icis, m., flint, 174. [root 
 
 SAR = solid; ep. solum.] 
 silva, -ae,/., wood, forest, 164, 
 
 314. [c]}. vAtj.] 
 simais, -e, adj:, like, 136. 
 
 [a:xa, Simulo.] 
 
 Simois, -eutis, m., a small river 
 
 of the Troad, 100, 618. 
 simul, adv., at the same time, 
 
 144. [afj:a.] 
 
 simulo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 feign, pretend, 209, 352, 710. 
 
 [simul, similis.] 
 sin, conj., but if, 555. [si-ne.] 
 sine, prep., without, 133, 279. 
 
 [si- (demonstr.) ne ; lit. = 
 
 ' there not.'] 
 singtili, -ae, -a, distributive 
 
 adj., one at a time, each 
 
 apart, 453. [cp. simiil.] 
 sino. -ere, sivi (sii), situm, 
 
 v.a., allow, 453. 
 sinus, -us, m., curve, hollow, 
 
 hay, 161, 243; fold (of a 
 
 dress) , 320. 
 si'qua, conj., if at all, 18. 
 si-quis (-qui), -qua, -quid 
 
 (-quod), indef.pron., if any, 
 
 181. 
 si"ve. conj., or if, 219, 570. 
 socio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 associate, 600. [sOcius.] 
 
 sdcius, -i, in., ally, 194, etc. 
 
 [cp. sequor.] 
 sol, solis, m., the sun, 431, etc. 
 
 pL, 745. \cp. serenus, o-eAas.] 
 solus, -a, -urn, adj., only, alone, 
 
 597. [cp. sollus, salvus, 
 
 oAo?.] 
 
 sdlium, -i, n., throne, 506. [cp. 
 sedeo.] 
 
 sdlitus, -a, -um, part., accus- 
 tomed, Avont, 730. [soleo.] 
 
 solor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., com- 
 fort, 239. 
 
 sdlum, -i, n., the ground, 367, 
 482. [cp. sol id us.] 
 
 solvo, -ere, -i, solutum, v.a., 
 relax, 92; dismiss, 463, 562. 
 [=se, luo.] 
 
 somnus, -i, m., sleep, 353. 
 [= sompnus ; cp. vttvos.] 
 
 sono, -are, -ui, -itum, v.n., 
 sound, resound, 200, 246, 328. 
 
 sonorus, -a, -um, adj., roaring, 
 53. [sono.] 
 
 sopio, -ire, -ivi (-ii,) -itum, v.a., 
 lull, 680. [sopor; cj). som- 
 nus.] 
 
 soror, -oris,/., sister, 47. 
 
 sors, -tis, /., lot, 139. [sero = 
 join ; c/7. fors, fero.] 
 
 spargo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 scatter, 602. [cp. o-n-etpa).] 
 
 Spartanus, -a, -um, adj.. Spar- 
 tan, of Sparta, 316. 
 
 speculor, -ari, -atus sum, v. 
 dep., spy, peer forth, 516. 
 [specio.] 
 
 spelunca, -ae, /., cavern, 60. 
 
 [aTTri\vy^.] 
 
 sperno, -ere, sprevi, spretum, 
 
128 
 
 LA TIN-Ey^GLISII 
 
 v.«., despise, 27. [root SPAR 
 
 = quick movement, lit. re- 
 ject; c/5. spurious.] 
 spero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 
 liope lor, 451 ; look for, 543, 
 spes, -ei, /., hope, 209. [root 
 
 SPA = draw out; cp. spa- 
 
 tium.] 
 spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 
 l.i'eathe, 404. 
 splendidus, -a, -um, adj., bi'il- 
 
 liaut, ()oT. [splendeo.] 
 sp61ia, -orum, n., spoils, 289, 
 
 4.S(). 
 sponda, -ae, /., couch, sofa, 
 
 (i!)S. 
 spretus, -a, -um, par^. of 
 
 s))eriio. 
 spuma, -ae, /., foam-flake, 35. 
 
 [sj)uo = spit.] 
 spiiino, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 loam, 324. [spuma.] 
 stabilis, -e, adj., tirm, 73. 
 
 [root STA ; cp. StO, 'ia-Trjixi,] 
 
 stagnum, -i, n., staudiui^ water, 
 pool, 12(). [root STA.] 
 
 statuo, -ere, -i, -tum, r.«., 
 build, 573; place, 724. [root 
 STA.] 
 
 sterno, -dre, stravi, stratum, 
 v.a., lay low, 190; spread, 
 700. [root STAR = spread.] 
 
 steti, reditpl. per/, of sto. 
 
 stipo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 press close, accompany, 497. 
 
 ['7'. <TTtf/)lO.J 
 
 stirps, -pis.y"., race, stock, G26. 
 
 [lit. 'that which spreads,' 
 
 root STAR.] 
 stratus, -a, -um, parf. of 
 
 sterno ; strata viarum = paved 
 
 streets, 422. 
 strepitus, -us, m., din, noise, 
 
 422, 725. [strepo.] 
 strido, -6re, -di, v.n., hiss, 
 
 creak, 397, 449. 
 stridor, -oris, m., creaking, 
 
 rattling, 87. [strido.] 
 stringo, -ere, -nxi, strictum, 
 
 v.a., gather, cut, 552. [cp. 
 
 strong.] 
 struo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., pile 
 
 up. 704. 
 studium, -i, n., pursuit, 14. 
 
 [cp. amevSiiji;, crTTOvSrj.j 
 
 stupeo. -ere, -ui, v.n., am 
 
 amazed, 495. [cp. perh. 
 
 Homer's ra^os = wonder.] 
 suadeo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
 persuade, 357. [cp. suavis 
 
 (suad'vis), rj^v?.] 
 svib, prep. iv. ace, sub noctem, 
 
 at night-fall; lo. abl., under, 
 
 3f). 95. 
 subduco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 draw up, 551, 573. 
 sub'eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., 
 
 come up, approach, 171, 400. 
 sub'igo, -ere, -egi, -actum, v.a., 
 
 snlxlue, 266. [sitb, ago.] 
 subito, adv., suddenly, 88, 509. 
 
 [sub'eo.] 
 subitus, -a, -um, adj., sudden, 
 
 5.T). [sub'eo.] 
 suMimis, -e, adj., on high, 415. 
 submerge, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 
 overwhelm, 40, 69, 585. 
 subnecto, -6re, -nexui, -nexum, 
 
 v.a., bind beneath {lo. dat.), 
 
 492. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 sub-nixus, -a, -um, }Kirt., rest- 
 ing iipou. [sub'iiitor.J 
 
 subrideo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., 
 smile, 25i. 
 
 subvolvo, -ere, -vi, -utum, 
 v.a., roll beneath, 424. 
 
 suc'cedo, -ere, -ssi, -ssum, v.n., 
 come beneath (iv.dat.), 627., 
 
 suc'Cinctus, -a, -ura, adj., girt 
 up, 323. [sub, cingo.] 
 
 suc'curro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., 
 run to the rescue, aid, 630. 
 [sub, curro.] 
 
 suf'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, 
 v.n., fill, suffuse, steep, 228. 
 [sub, fundo.] 
 
 sulcus, -1, 7?i., furrow, 425. 
 [c/>. oAicd?, eA.K(o = drag.] 
 
 sum, esse, fui, v. irreg., I am, 
 378, etc. [= esum, from root 
 ES; cj). eiixC; perfect tenses 
 formed from root FU-.] 
 
 summus, -a, -um, adj., top, 
 topmost, 127, etc. ; summns 
 fluctus, the crest of a wave, 
 106; swnmo ore, 737; of 
 persons, most high, 380. 
 [superl. of superus.] 
 
 super, prep, icith ace, upon, 
 295, 700; above, 680, 681; 
 vnth ahl., concerning, 29 (see 
 note), 750; upon, 700. {cp. 
 
 VTrep.J 
 
 superbia, -ae, /., haughtiness, 
 529. [superbus.] 
 
 superbus, -a, -um, adj., 
 haughty, proud, 21. [su- 
 per.] 
 
 super emineo, -ere, -ui, v.n., 
 rise above, out-top, 501. 
 
 supersum, -esse, -fui, v.n., sur- 
 vive, 383. 
 sup^ri, -um, m., the gods 
 
 above, 4. [super.] 
 supero, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 overcome, 350, 537; pass, 244. 
 
 [super.] 
 sup'plex, -plicis, adj., suppli- 
 ant, 49, 64. [sub, plico; lit., 
 
 bending the knees.] 
 suppliciter, adv., in suppliant 
 
 guise, 481. [supplex.] 
 sura, -ae,/., the calf of the leg, 
 
 337. 
 surgo, -ere, surrexi, surrectum, 
 
 v.n., rise, 366. [contr. from 
 
 surrigo ; sub, rego.] 
 sus'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 
 v.a., catch up, receive, 175. 
 
 [sub, capio.] 
 sus'pendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., 
 
 hang, 318. [subs (i.e. sub), 
 
 pendo.] 
 suspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum, 
 
 v.a., regard, 438. [subspecio.] 
 su'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 sigh, 371. [sub-spiro.] 
 suus, -a, -um, possess. p?'o?i., 
 
 his-, her-, its-, their-, own. 
 Sychaeus, -i, m. Dido's hus- 
 band, 340, 343 (y),720. 
 syrtis, -is,/., a quicksand, esp. 
 
 that near Carthage, 111, 146. 
 
 [Suprt?.] 
 
 tabeo, -ere, -ui, v.n., drip, 173. 
 
 [root TA ; cpj. ttj/cw ; for suffix, 
 
 cp. ple-bes.] 
 td,bula, -ae, /., plank, 119. 
 
 [root TA, TAB ; cp. taberna.] 
 
130 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 tacitus. -a, -urn, adj., silent, 
 
 .■)(»_'. [ti'iceo.] 
 talis, -e, adj., such, 50, 94. 
 
 [demonstr. root TA.J 
 tam, coDJ., so, 53!>. [ace. fem. 
 
 of (lenioustrative; cp. turn.] 
 t3,meii, <tdi\, nevertheless, 247. 
 
 [stronger form of tam.] 
 tandem, adi'., at length; in 
 
 qiiestlon!<, pray, prithee, 331, 
 
 3(i9. [tan dem (demonstr. 
 
 suffix) .] 
 tango, -ere, tetigi, tactura, v.a., 
 
 touch, 41)2. [root TAG; cp. 
 
 take.] 
 tantus, -a, -um, adj., so great, 
 
 11. 
 tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow, 
 taurimis, -a, -um, adj., of a 
 
 bull, 74(). [taurus.] 
 taurus, -i, m., a bull, 634. 
 
 [(ik. TaOpos, Eng. steer.] 
 tectum, -i, n., roof, house, 425. 
 
 [tego = cover.] 
 tecum = cum te, 74. 
 tegmen, -Tnis, n., covering, 
 
 hide, 275, 323. [tego.] 
 tellus, -uris,/., land, 34. 
 telum, -i, n., weapon, bolt, 99. 
 
 [= texlum, same root as 
 
 TO^Dl 
 
 ■•] 
 
 temno, -ere, -psi, -ptum, v.a., 
 despise, think scorn of, 542, 
 6(55. [root TAM = cut ; cp. 
 
 Tt'/jira). J 
 
 tempero, -are, -avi, -utum, v.a., 
 allay, restrain, (iO. [tem- 
 jins.] 
 
 tempestas, -atis, /., weather, 
 storm, 53, 80. [tempus.] 
 
 templum, -i, 7?., temple, 416. 
 
 [= tOululuni ; cp. reMti'OS.] 
 
 tempto, -are, -ilvi, -utum, v.a., 
 
 try, attempt, 721. [tendo.] 
 tempus, -oris, n., time, season, 
 
 278. [root TEM-= cut.] 
 tendo, -ere, tetendi, tensum 
 
 (tentum), v.a., stretch, 93; 
 
 make for, 554; v.n., make 
 
 one's way, 205. [root TAX ; 
 
 cp. teueo, Teii'iu.] 
 tgneo, -ere, -ui, -turn, v.a., hold, 
 
 occupy, 308. [root TAN.] 
 tentorium, -i, n., tent, 469. 
 
 [tcudo.] 
 tentis, prep., as far as (icith 
 
 abl.), 737. [root TAN-; cp. 
 
 teneo.] 
 t6r, adv., thrice, three times, 
 
 94, 116. 
 tergum, -i, 7i. {also tergus, 
 
 -Oris, n.), back, 296; hide, 
 
 211, 368; a ten/o, behind, 
 
 186. 
 termino, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 limit, 287. [same root as 
 
 trans., intrare.] 
 terni, -ae, -a, distributive nu- 
 meral, three each, three, 266 
 
 (note). 
 terra, -ae, /., land, 3, 58, 83. 
 
 [lit. the dry (land) ; cp. 
 
 torreo.] 
 terreo, -C-re, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 
 Iri-liten, alarm, 230. 
 tertius, -a, -um, ordinal adj., 
 
 third, 265. 
 testiido, -Tnis, /., a tortoise, 
 
 and from the shape of the 
 
 shell, an arch, 505. [testa.] 
 
f 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 131 
 
 Teucer, -cri, m., (i.), son of 
 Telamon aud half-bro^tlier of 
 the greater Ajax. Returning 
 from Troy without Ajax, and 
 expelled from Salamis near 
 Athens, he founded Salamis in 
 Crete, 610. (ii.) a king of Troy. 
 
 Teucri, -orum, m., the descend- 
 ants of Teucer, the king of 
 Troy, i.e. Trojans. 
 
 theatrum, -i, n., theatre, 427. 
 
 \_0eaTpov,j 
 
 thesaurus, -i, m., treasure, 359. 
 
 \_9ri(Tavp6<;.j 
 
 Threissa, -ae, fern, adj., Thra- 
 
 cian, 316. [©pijicraa.] 
 
 thymum, -i, n., thyme, 436. 
 
 [0Ufx6l'.J 
 
 Tiberinus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 
 Tiber, the river on which 
 
 Rome stood, 13. 
 Timavus, -i, m., a river in 
 
 Istria, near Trieste, 244. 
 timeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., 
 
 fear, 661. 
 timer, -oris, m., fear, 202. 
 tinguo, -ere, -nxi, -nctum, I'.a., 
 
 dip, 745. 
 togatus, -a, -um, adj., wearing 
 
 the toga or gown, esp. an 
 
 epithet of Romans, as opp. 
 
 to foreigners, 282. [toga.] 
 tollo, -ere, sustiili, sublatum, 
 
 v.a., raise, lift, uplift, 66. 
 
 [root TLA; cp. tiili.] 
 tondeo, -ere, totondi, tonsum, 
 
 v.a., shear, clip, 702. [cjo. 
 
 Te'ju.va).J 
 
 torqueo, -ere, torsi, tortum, 
 v.a., twist, hurl, 108, 117. 
 
 torreo, -ere, -ui, tostum, v.a., 
 
 roast, 173. 
 tSrus, -i, m., a cushioned couch, 
 
 708. 
 tdt, adj., so many, 9. 
 totidem, adj., just so many, 
 
 705. 
 totiens, adv., so often, 407. 
 totus, -a, -um, adj., the whole, 
 
 all, 29. 
 trabs, trabis, /., beam, 449, 
 
 552. 
 traho, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 draw, 371 ; drag, 477. 
 traicio, -ere, tra'ieci, tra- 
 
 iectum, v.a., pierce, 355. 
 
 [trans'iacio.] 
 tra-ieetus, -a, -um, j^art. of 
 
 tra'icio. 
 trans-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., 
 
 pass by, 266. 
 trans-fero, -ferre, -tidi, -latum, 
 
 v.a., remove, 271. 
 transfigo, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, 
 
 v.a., pierce, 44. 
 tremo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n., 
 
 quiver, 212. 
 tres, -tria, card, adj., three, 
 
 110. 
 tridens, -ntis, m., trident, 
 
 three-pronged fork (the esp. 
 
 attribute of Neptune as ruler 
 
 of the sea), 138, 145. [tri- 
 dens.] 
 triginta. card, adj., thirty, 269. 
 Trinacrius, -a, -um, adj., Tri- 
 
 nacrian, i.e. Sicilian, 196. 
 
 [lit. three-cornered, from the 
 
 shape of the island.] 
 triones, -um, the constellation 
 
132 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 of the Wain, with gemini, 
 the Great and the Little Bear, 
 744. [perh. = the plough- 
 oxen.] 
 
 tris. tria, see tres, 108. 
 
 tristis. -e, <(dj., sad, 228. 
 
 Triton, -onis, in., a son of Nep- 
 tune and inferior sea-god, 144. 
 
 Troia, -ae, ./'., Troy, a city in 
 north-west Asia Minor Avhere 
 the famous Trojan war took 
 place, 24. 
 
 Troianus, -a, -um, adj., Trojan, 
 lit. 
 
 Troiius, -a, -um, adj., Trojan, 
 of Troy, 119. 
 
 Tros. Trois, m., a Trojan, usu. 
 pi. {ace. pi., Troas, 30). 
 
 tu, pers. pron., thou, 78. 
 
 tueor, -eri. -Ttus, v. dep., watch, 
 unard, 5(34. 
 
 tuli. used as perf. of fero, 314. 
 [see tollo.j 
 
 turn, adv., then, 18, G4. [see 
 tani.] 
 
 ttimidus, -a, -um, adj., swollen. 
 [tunico.] 
 
 tundo, -ore, tutudi, tunsum 
 (tusuni), beat, 481. 
 
 tung, art thou? G17. 
 
 turba, -ae,/., crowd, 191. 
 
 turbo, -are, -fivi. -atura, v.a., 
 tn)ul)le, disturb, 395, 551. 
 [tnrl)a.] 
 
 turbo, -inis, ?»., wliirlwind, 
 hurricane, 45, 83. [turba.] 
 
 tus, turis, n., frankincense, 417. 
 
 [to SJo?.] 
 
 tutus, -a, -um, adj., safe, 243. 
 [tueor.] 
 
 tuus, -a, -um, thy. 
 
 Tydides, -ae (roc, -e), m., son 
 of Tydeus, i.e. Diomede, one 
 of the bravest of the Greeks 
 at Troy, 97. 
 
 Typhoeus, -a, -um, adj., Ty- 
 phueau, of Typhdeus, a giant 
 slain by Jupiter and cast 
 beneath Aetna, Ck\o. 
 
 tyrannus, -i, m., king, tyrant, 
 
 o(il. [riipaiTO?.] 
 
 Tyrius, -a, -um, adj., Tyrian, 
 hence Carthaginian, Carthage 
 being sprung from Tyre, 12, 
 20. 
 
 Tyrrhenus, -a, -um, adj., Tyr- 
 rhene, Etruscan, esp. as a 
 name of the sea west of Italy, 
 67. 
 
 Tyrus, -i, /., Tyre, an old and 
 prosperous commercial city 
 on the coast of Phoenicia, 
 340. 
 
 uber. -eris, 7?., richness, 531. 
 
 [cp. ovftap, Eng. udder.] 
 ubi, conj., i. {nf time), when, 
 
 81, 405, 592, 715: ii. {of 
 
 place), where, 98, 99. 100, 
 
 205, 3()5, 4in, 693. [i.e. cu-bi ; 
 
 qui : cp. ibi.] 
 ubique, adv., everywhere, 601. 
 uUus. -a. -um, any at all, icith 
 
 {expressed or implied) ner/a- 
 
 fire, 169. 
 umbra, -ae,/., shade, 165. 
 umecto, -are, -avi. -atuni, v.a., 
 
 wet. l)edew, 465. [umeo.] 
 umgrus, -i, m., shoulder, 318. 
 
 [cp. di/xos.] 
 
VOCABULABT. 
 
 133 
 
 una, adv., together, 47, 85. 
 
 [abl. fern, of unus.] 
 uncus, -a, -um, adj., crooked, 
 
 169. 
 unda, -ae,/,, wave, 106. 
 unde, coni., whence, 6. 
 unus, -a, -um, adj., one, 41. 
 urbs, urbis, /., city, 12. [lit. 
 
 a strong place.] 
 urgeo, -ere, -si, v. a., drive, 111. 
 
 [Eng. work.] 
 uro, -ere, ussi, ustum, v. a., 
 
 bnrn, 662. 
 usquam, adv., anywhere, 604. 
 ut, adv., how, 667. 
 ut, conj. A. luith Ind., i. {of 
 
 time), when, 306, 486; ii. 
 
 {comparative), as, 397; B. 
 
 with Siibj. {final), in order 
 
 that, 74, 298. 
 uti, adv., how, that, 466. 
 utinam, particle, O that ! 575. 
 utor, -i, usus, V. dep., use, 64. 
 
 vaco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., 
 
 have leisure, 373. 
 vadum, -i, n., shallow, shoal, 
 
 112. 
 v§,lidus, -a, -um, adj., strong, 
 
 mighty, 120. [valeo.] 
 vallis, -is, /., vale, valley, 
 
 186. 
 vanus, -a, -ura, adj., empty, 
 
 352 ; of persons, false, 392. 
 
 [cp. vaco.] 
 vS,rius, -a, -um, adj., varied, 
 
 204. 
 vasto, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., 
 
 lay waste, 471, 622. [vastus.] 
 vastus, -a, -um, adj., huge, 
 
 vast, 52, 118. [cp. vanus, 
 vacuus.] 
 -ve, enclitic, or. 
 veho, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., 
 
 carry, hear, 121. 
 vel, conj., or, 316, 746. 
 velamen, -inis, n., veil, 649, 
 
 711. [velo.] 
 velrvSlus, -a, -um, adj., 
 winged with sails, 224. [lit. 
 
 sail-flying, velum, volare.] 
 velum, -i, n., sail, 35, 103. 
 
 [root VAR = cover; cp. vel- 
 
 lus.] 
 vSlut, adv., just as, 82. 
 veluti, adv., just as, 148. 
 vendo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, v.a., 
 
 sell, 484. [venum-do.] 
 venenum, -i, n., poison {meta- 
 phor), 688. 
 venia, -ae, /., pardon, grace, 
 
 519. [cp. Venus, veneror.] 
 venio, -ire, veni, ventum, v.7i., 
 
 come, 2. 
 ventus, -i, m., wind, 43, 53. 
 
 [Eng. wind.] 
 Venus, -eris,/., goddess of love 
 
 and beauty, identified with 
 
 Greek Aphrodite ; the mother 
 
 of Aeneas and so founder of 
 
 the Roman race, 229, 325, 335, 
 
 618, 691. [cp. veneror.] 
 verbum, -i, n., word, 710. 
 vereor, -eri, -itus, v. dep., fear, 
 
 671. [cp. opduj, Eng. ward.] 
 verro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., sweep, 
 
 59. 
 verso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 turn over, revolve, 657. 
 
 [verto.] 
 
134 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH 
 
 vertex, -icis, ?n., top, head, 163, 
 
 225, 403; a vertice, vertically, 
 
 114. [verto.] 
 verto, -6re, -1, -sum, v.a., turn, 
 
 overturn {poetic), 23. 
 v6ru, -us, ?i., spit, 212. 
 verus, -a, -um, adj., true, real, 
 
 405. 
 vescor, -i, v. dep., feed upon, 
 
 546. [ve-, root ED; cp. edo, 
 
 esca.] 
 vesper, -eris, evening, the 
 
 evening star, 374. [eo-Trepo?.] 
 Vesta, -ae, /., the goddess of 
 
 the domestic hearth and 
 
 purity, 292. \cp. eo-ria.] 
 
 vester, -tra, -trum, adj., your, 
 132. 
 
 vestis, -is, /., garment, dress, 
 404. 
 
 v§to, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a., for- 
 bid, 39. 
 
 vetus, -Cris, adj., ancient, old, 
 
 23. [Gk. eros.] 
 
 via, -ae, /., way, road, 358. 
 
 [cp. veho.] 
 victor, -oris, m., conqueror, 
 
 192. 
 victus, -a, -um, conquered, 68. 
 
 [vinco.] 
 victus, -us, m., food, 214, 445. 
 
 [vivo.] 
 video, -ere, vidi, visum, v.a., 
 
 see, 128; pass., seem, 396. 
 
 [cp. eUoi', Eng. wit.] 
 vir, viri, ni., man, 1. 
 vis, vim, vi, /., force, might, 
 
 4. 
 viginiti, card, adj., twenty, 
 
 634. 
 
 villus, -i, m., tuft of hair, nap 
 
 (of cloth), 702. 
 vincio, -ire, viuxi, vinctum, 
 
 v.a., bind. 
 vinco, -ere, vici, victum, v.a., 
 
 conquer, 
 vinctus, -a, -um, see vincio. 
 vinculum (vinclum), -i, ?i., 
 
 bond, 54, 168. 
 vinum, -i, n., wine, 195, 724. 
 
 [oivo^.j 
 
 vires, j^l. o/ vis, strength, 214. 
 virgo, -inis, /., maiden, virgin, 
 
 315. 
 virtus, -utis, /., valour, virtue, 
 
 566. [vir.] 
 visu, abl. supine of video. 111. 
 vitalis, -e, adj., of life, 388. 
 
 [vita.] 
 vivo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.n., live, 
 
 218. 
 vivus, -a, -um, adj., living, i.e. 
 
 unwrought, 167. [vivo.] 
 vix, adv., scarcely, 34. [perh. 
 
 cp. vinco.] 
 vdco, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 call, 109. [cp. eVos.] 
 v61o, velle, volui, v. irr., wish, 
 
 303. [cp. ^ovKofxai, Eng. 
 
 will.] 
 
 v61o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n. 
 tly, 150. [cp. vol'ucer, 
 velox.] 
 
 volgo, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 make known, 457. [volgus.] 
 
 volgus, -i, -m, n., crowd, 149. 
 
 volnus, -eris, n., wound, 36. 
 [cp. vello =tear.] 
 
 voltus, -us, m., face, counte- 
 nance, 209. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 volucer, -cris, -ere, adj., swift, 
 
 317. [see volare.] 
 vdluto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 revolve, 50. [volvo.] 
 volvo, -ere, -vi, -utum, v.a., 
 
 roll, unroll, 9, 22, 86. 
 v6ro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., 
 
 devour, 117. 
 vortex, -icis, m., whirlpool, 
 
 117. [verto.] 
 vos, 2)1. of tu, you, 132. 
 
 vos met, stronger form o/ vos, 
 
 207. 
 votum, -i, 71., vow, prayer, 290. 
 
 [voveo.] 
 vox, vocis,/., voice, word, 64. 
 
 Xanthus, -i, ??i., a river in the 
 Troad, 473. [Edvflo?.] 
 
 Zephyrus, -i, m., the west wind, 
 = Lat. Favouius. [Ze^vpos.] 
 
IirDEXES. 
 
METEIGAL IJSTDEX. 
 
 -»o«- 
 
 LINB 
 
 16 Posthabita coluisse Sa | mo ; hie \ illius arma. 
 (Samo — The final vowel is not elided.) 
 
 73 Connu | bw iiin \ gam stabili ijropriamque dicabo. 
 (Connubio is pronounced Connubyo by synaer^sis .) 
 
 120 lam valid' Ilio | nel nd \ vem iam fortis Achatae. 
 (Nei is one syllable, by synaeresis.) 
 
 131 Eur' ad se Zephyrumque vo | cat dehlnc | talia fatur. 
 (Dehinc = d'hinc, one syllable, by synaeresis.) 
 
 195 Vina bonixs quae | deinde cd \ dis onerarat Acestes. 
 (Deinde = dende, one syllable, by synaeresis.) 
 
 256 Oscula libavit na | ecit dehlnc \ talia fatur. 
 (Natae d'hinc. See 131, supra.) 
 
 308 Qui teneant n'inculta vi | det hdmi \ nesne ferSne. 
 (Videt — Last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 
 
 332-33 lactemur doceas ignar' hominumque lo | corum. 
 Qu^ Erramus. Syjiapheia and Elision. 
 
 405 Et ver' lucessu patu I It ded \ ill'iibi raatrem. 
 
 (Dea — Final vowel not elided, on account of the pause. 
 
 448-49 Aerea cui gradibus surgebant, limina | nexde. 
 
 QxC Aere trabes, etc. — Synapheia and Elision. See 332. 
 
 478 Per terr' et versa pul | vis In \ scribitur hasta. 
 (Pulvis — last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 
 
 139 
 
140 METRICAL INDEX. 
 
 LINE 
 
 Gil Iliu I ned pe \ tit dextra laevaque SSrestfim. 
 
 (Ilionea — The Greek quantity, 'lAioi'^a, louic, retained.) 
 
 617 Tfin' ill' Aeneas quein Dardani | o ^?i | chisae. 
 
 (Dardanio — The final vowel is not elided — also spondaic.) 
 
 651 Pergama cum p6te | ret In \ concessosqti' hymg | aeos. 
 (Peteret — Last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 
 
 668 Litorit iacte 1 tur ddi \ is lunonis tlcerbae. 
 (lactetur — Last syllable long in the arsis.) 
 
 698 Aurea | c5mposixit sponda mCdiamque locavit. 
 (Aurea is a dissyllable, by synaeresis.) 
 
 726 Atria: dependent lychni laqiiearibus | ctwrm. 
 (Aureis is a dissyllable, by synaeresis,) 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Ablative — absolute, 8, 16, 81, Ablative — of material without 
 
 82, 122, 291, 374, 480, 537. 
 
 absolute with subject omit- 
 ted, 737. 
 
 and accus. with verb of 
 plenty, 195. 
 
 of accompaniment without 
 cum, 488. 
 
 of the agent, 312, 564. 
 
 of the agent without ab, 312. 
 
 of cause, 2, 4, 10, 21, 29, 90, 
 190, 208, 349, 379, 677, 680. 
 
 of characteristic, 71, 75, 164, 
 286, 400, 639. 
 
 of comparison, 15, 142, 544. 
 
 of instrument and means, 35, 
 43, 45, 51, 54, 62, 73, 75, 92, 
 94, 98, 99, 107, 112, 121, 129, 
 136, 145, 147, 160, 169, 170, 
 175, 177, 187, 209, 212, 214, 
 255, 301, 3.^, 381, 411, 449, 
 468, 536, 551, 670, 694. 
 
 of manner, 62, 73, 83, 105, 123, 
 157, 171, 217, 255, 268, 274, 
 296, 324, 354, 410, 519, 663, 
 676, 717, 748. 
 
 preposition, 166, 167. 
 
 of place fro7n which without 
 preposition, 31, 126, 340, 
 358, 375, 403, 701, 726. 
 
 of place in which without 
 preposition, 3, 26, 29, 40, 49, 
 70, 83, 97, 110, 117, 128, 155, 
 184, 196, 209, 213, 225, 227, 
 285, 289, 314, 364, 379, 452, 
 482, 501, 523, 572, 629, 667, 
 692, 698. 
 
 of price, 484. 
 
 of separation, 37, 44, 211, 252, 
 300, 385, 540, 562, 679. 
 
 of source, 297, 582. 
 
 of specification, 8, 14, 21, 72, 
 149, 317, 347, 496, 545, 548, 
 600. 
 
 of time, 5. 
 
 with adjectives, 51, 85, 228» 
 335, 441. 
 
 with compounds after re- 
 peated preposition, 26, 145^ 
 242, 357. 
 
 with special verbs, 64, 172, 546. 
 
 141 
 
142 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Abstract nouns in plural for 
 
 singular, 11, 25, 130, 350. 
 Accusative as subj. of infinitive, 
 10, 17. 
 
 and dative with verb, 69, 136. 
 
 cognate, 1, 328'. 
 
 of exclamation, 251. 
 
 of limit without preposition, 
 2, 3G5, 415, 512, 553, 619. 
 
 of places used like names of 
 towns, 52, 
 
 of specification, 320, 481, 579, 
 589, 658. 
 
 of time, hov) long, 47, 272. 
 
 with intransitive verbs, 67, 
 221, 328, 524, 648. 
 
 with intransitive verbs com- 
 pounded, 10, 147. 
 
 with passive verbs, 228, 320, 
 561. 
 
 with special verbs, 9, 68. 
 Adjective agreeing with clause, 
 111. 
 
 agreeing with clause but 
 plural, 66i). 
 
 agreeing with one of two 
 nouns, 144, 513, 553, 609. 
 
 agreeing with nouns of differ- 
 ent genders, 706. 
 
 for adverb, 1, 103, 314, 352, 
 419, 465, 514, 548, 644. 
 
 for genitive, 200. 
 
 for clause, 13. 
 
 neuter plural used as singu- 
 lar, ()69. 
 
 used as substantive, 3, 308. 
 
 with genitive, 14, 23, 80, 198. 
 Adverb modifying nouns, 21, 
 
 198. 
 Alliteration, 55. 
 
 Anachronism, 182, 464, 469. 
 Antecedent attracted, 72, 157, 
 
 573. 
 Aposiopesis, 135. 
 Apposition, 51, 196, 273, 423, 
 
 567. 
 Arrangement of words, 51, 54, 
 
 74, 195, 293. 
 Attraction of pronoun, 17, 267. 
 
 Chiasmus, 742. 
 Climax, 600. 
 Comparative, 228. 
 Comparison with amplius, etc., 
 
 683. 
 Condamatio, 219. 
 Conjunctions — two coordinate, 
 
 18. 
 
 Dative = ocZ (in) w. ace. 6, 126, 
 
 289, 377, 538, 616, 725. 
 of the agent, 39, 326, 440, 574, 
 
 623. 
 archaic, 156, 254, 257, 440. 
 after compounds, 40, 49, 60, 
 
 69, 79, 84, 91, 112, 318, 475, 
 
 504, 719, 745. 
 after compounds of other 
 
 verbs, 174, 647. 
 ethical, 13(5, 258, 261. 
 of disadvantage, 102, 477. 
 of possessor, 11, 71, 327, 336, 
 
 454, 461. 
 of indirect object, 254, 264, 
 
 701. 
 of reference, 266, 429, 448, 
 
 449, 51U, 607, 701, 723. 
 two datives, 22, 299. 
 where a predicate noun = one 
 
 of tioo, 17, 343. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 143 
 
 Dative, where genitive is ex- 
 pected, 92. 
 with adjectives, 314, 604. 
 with nouns, 181. 
 with special verbs, 95, 285, 
 526, 689, 695, 
 Dii for diei, 636. 
 
 Esse omitted, 125, 139, etc. 
 
 Frequentative verbs, 77. 
 
 Genitive, appositional, 27, 247. 
 definitive, 237, 260. 
 ending um for arum, 565. 
 ending um for orum, 4, 9, 46. 
 in predicate, 33. 
 in I (from -eus), 30. 
 objective, 14, 132, 138, 462. 
 of cause with adj., 178. 
 of the whole, 72, 78, 329, 344, 
 
 602. 
 subjective, 30, 598, 646, 716. 
 with adjectives, 14, 23, 80, 
 
 198, 343, 350, 460, 599, 604, 
 
 720. 
 with governing word omitted, 
 
 41. 
 with implere, 214. 
 with special verbs, 733. 
 Gerundive = present part, pass., 
 
 269. 
 in case construction, 713, 
 Greek nouns — 2d Decl., 30. 
 3dDecl., 113, 220. 
 
 Half-verses, 534, 560, 636. 
 Hendiadys, 1,'54, 61, 78, 111, 
 
 210, 255, 293, 648, 728. 
 Historical present, 99. 
 as principal tense, 300. 
 
 Imperfect tense with iamdii- 
 
 dum, 580. 
 Indicative in conditions, 322. 
 with doubled pronouns, 387. 
 Indirect questions, 11, 76, 218. 
 Infigo with either dat. or abl., 
 
 45. 
 Infinitive as exclamation, 37, 
 38, 97. 
 as dative of purpose, 66, 374, 
 
 527. 
 as subject, 33, 77, 135, 336, 
 
 408, 600. 
 complementary, 16, 134. 
 = genitive of gerund, 704. 
 historic, 423. 
 of purpose for subj. in prose, 
 
 9, 319, 357. 
 present where perfect is ex- 
 pected, 619. 
 Intransitive verbs used pas- 
 sively, 619. 
 Inversion, Vergilian, 237, 260. 
 
 Litotes, 138. 
 Locative case, 193. 
 
 Meminisse, present in sense, 
 
 733. 
 Metonomy, 24, 35, 123, 177, 
 
 214. 
 
 Nominative = vocative, 664. 
 Numbers, combination of, 71, 
 272, 381. 
 
 OUi for illi, dat. 254. 
 Optative, 330. 
 
 Parentheses, explanatory, 12, 
 251, 530. 
 
144 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Participle = cause, etc., 63. 
 = principal clause, 69, 108, 
 
 527, 680. 
 = relative clause, 597. 
 of deponent with pass, sig., 
 
 312. 
 with imtior, 385. [158. 
 
 Passive voice = Greek middle, 
 Patronymics, 157. 
 Perfect, instantaneous, SI, 154. 
 Personilication, 21, 294, 420. 
 Pleonasm, 94, 187, 347. 
 Plural = singular, 48, 140, 606, 
 
 722. 
 Polysyndeton, 85. 
 Predicate nouns used freely, 
 
 46. 
 Preposition, following its case, 
 
 13, 32, 348. 
 Proleptic use, 61, 70. 
 Proper name = pronoun, 48. 
 
 = adjective, 686. 
 Proverbial expression, 142. 
 
 Questions, indirect, 11, 76, 218, 
 
 witli -n<^, 11. 
 quid, used adverbially, 518. 
 
 doubled, 329. 
 quis =quibus, 95. 
 quisquam implying negative 
 
 answer, 48. 
 
 Relative containing a conjunc- 
 tion, 46, 250, 388, 437, 597. 
 Rhytlim, 53. 
 re-, 253. 
 
 Simple words = compounds, 20, 
 
 50, 83, 212, 291, 302. 
 Subject omit. w. inf., 218. 
 Subjunctive of cause, 261, 388. 
 of condition, 18, 58. 
 of desire, 140, 330, 549, 551, 
 
 576, 603, 733. 
 of indirect question, 11, 76, 
 218, 307, 332, 467, 517, 667, 
 676, 719. 
 of purpose, 20, 63, 75, 287, 
 
 554, 645, 659, 682. 
 of result, 236. 
 potential, 327. 
 Substantive used as adj., 192. 
 (S'l/ws refers to either subj. or 
 
 obj., 461. 
 Supine in ii, 111. 
 Syncope, 26, 201, 249. 
 
 Temporal clauses with dum, 5, 
 265. 
 with cum, 651. 
 with priusquam, 193. 
 Tenses, variety of, 299, 472. 
 Tmesis, 117, 412. 
 Transferred epithets, 355, 361, 
 
 542. 
 Transitive verbs without obj., 
 96, 104, 234. 
 
 Verb omitted, 76, 325, 326, 339, 
 .341, 461, 730, 740, 743, 752. 
 
 agreeing with one or more 
 subjects, 623. 
 
 agreeing with two subjects 
 taken as unit, 574. 
 
 Similes, 148 seq., 430 seq., 498 
 seq., 592 seq. ^ _ 
 
 Zeugma, 264, 360. 
 
 
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