UC-NRLF B 3 137 7ME i:il i i" W i i A" OF THK University of California. Received QO-e.JlJ-^ • ^^^^^ ■ Accessions No.{^dy33 ■ CLn< Vn. 1 7 f e- p. YERGILI MAKONIS AENEIDOS .mm (Elementarg Cnassics P. VERGILI MARONIS AENEIDOS LIBER I. EDITED, WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS BY THE REV. ARTHUR S. WALPOLE, A.M. NEW EDITION Revised and Enlarged, for Use in American Schools, by HENRY CLARK JOHXSON, A.M., LL.B., PRESIDENT OF THE CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND LATE PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE LEHIGH UNIVERSITY MACMILLAN AND CO. AND LONDON 1893 ^^'ot rsn All rights reserved Copyright, 1893, By MACMILLAjST AND CO. First edition printed 1S82. Reprinted 1SS6, iSgo. Xorlxiooti iprcss : J. S. Cushingr & Co. — Berwick & Smith. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. CONTEIsTTS. — *»• — PAGE Preface "^ii Introduction i^ Aexeid !.....••••• 1 Notes ^^ Vocabulary 8^ Metrical Index 13^ Index to the Notes 141 Of TKe ■^ 0? THl ^ PEEFAOE. -•c*- The original edition of this work was based upon the best commentators, especially Conington and Nettleship, Wagner, Eibbeck, Kennedy, and Kappes, and the text was the result of a careful comparison of those editors. In re-editing it, I have still farther compared it with Heyne and Lade wig, and other standard authorities, with es- pecial regard to the testimony of the best manu- scripts, and Brambach's decisions as to the best orthography. The notes have been rewritten and enlarged with the view of meeting the actual wants of pupils in American schools ; numerous references have been made to the Latin Grammars of Allen and Green- ough (A.), and Harkness (H.), and explanations of such points in history and geography, mythology and antiquities, as seem to require it, have been vii Vlll A Ey FIDOS. freely inserted. A metrical index pointing out the chief difficulties in the scanning has also been added. Several changes have also been made in the vocabulary, especially in the marking of the quan- tities of vowels, and several misprints in the English edition have been corrected. HENRY CLARK JOHNSON. Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa., April 1, 1893. INTEODUCTION. -*<>•- Publius Vergilius Maro was born, the son of a farmer, near Mantua, b.c. 70; and was educated first at Cremona and Milan, then at Naples under the Greek grammarian Parthenius. Although he was one of the few great Roman writers who did not go to Greece for education, his knowledge and appreciation of Greek literature were wide and deep. In b.c. 42 the confiscation of his farm, in order to give it to the veterans (whose services in the field were thus rewarded at the expense of their civilian neighbours), brought him to Eome. There he became acquainted with Maecenas, the patron also of Horace (to whom Vergil dedicated his Georgics, Horace his Odes), and with Augustus. His earliest poems were Eclogues, pastoral poems in imitation of the Sicilian Greek Theocritus ; his most finished work was entitled the Georgics, a poetical treatise on farming, or, as it has been ix X AENEIDOS. happily put, " the glorification of labour." He died B.C. 21. The following epitapli is said to have been composed by him : — Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc Partheuope: Cecini pascua, rura, duces. The Aeneid was meant to be, and it was, a national epic ; it was to reveal, concentrated in one focus, the glorious past, on which Augustus wished the Romans, '^ the servile offspring of the free," to dwell. Vergil was a patriot to the core, and the loving enthusiasm with which he writes goes far to compensate that want of freshness, which has often been brought up against him, but which was really unavoidable in his generation. The chief charac- teristics of the Aeneid are grace, subtlety, and elaborate quaintness, which are combined with a command of language truly masterful, and kept from awkwardness and affectation only by the poet's exquisite taste, judgment, and skill. He borrowed freely (what Latin poet did not?), but the manner in which he borrowed made the theft his own ; and every translation contains some touches which Vergil, and Vergil alone, could put INTRODUCTION. xi in. It has of late been usual to depreciate him by the side of Lucretius and Catullus, the poets of the generation before. But little is to be gained from such comparisons ; for while Vergil and Horace excel in polish and refinement, their elder contem- poraries possessed a power and fire altogether their own. Story of the Aeneid. — (Book II.) Aeneas, son of Anchises and Venus, scarcely by the aid of the gods rescues his father and son from the flaming ruins of Troy. (III.) Landing first in Thrace he touches at Delos, Crete, Lucadia, Chaonia, and Sicily, where Anchises dies. (I.) Setting sail from Sicily they are wrecked at Juno's instigation, and come to Carthage, where Queen Dido (whom Venus has inflamed with love for Aeneas) kindly receives them. (III.) But the fates do not suffer Aeneas to give up Italy, the object of his whole voyage, and (IV.) he sets sail from Carthage, Dido slaying herself in despair. (V.) The Trojans in Sicily celebrate the anniversary of Anchises' death, and during the games the Trojan women fire their ships, which are saved, but by Jupiter's aid. (VI.) Aeneas at Cumae (near Naples) visits the infernal XU AENEIDOS. regions, and sees his father and the future heroes of Kome. The last six books (based on the Iliad) tell of Aeneas' wars in Italy, and his final triumph over Turnus, the Rutulian chief, whom he slays with his own hand. The text of Vergil is on the whole in a satisfac- tory state, although this applies less to the Aeneid (which was left unfinished) than to the other poems. We have no fewer than seven uncials (i.e. MSS. written in capitals, and therefore early), the two best, the Roman and Medicean, dating from the fourth century. V AENEIDOS. LIBER PRIMUS. -•o^ I sing of the loanderinys and wars of Aeneas. Arma virmiique cano, Troiae qui primii^jilajoris Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit litora, multuiitille et teri:i^j^actatuset3lfe(> vi superumi sae^;w,e memorem lunonis ob irani, multa quoque^et bello passus, cluni conderet urbem 5 inferretque deos Latio ; genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Eomae. Why, muse, did Juno persecute him? Musa, mihi causas meraora, quo numlne laeso, quidve dolens regina deum tot' volvere casus insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10 iupulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae ? J%ino loved Carthage as much as she hated the Trojans. TJrbs antiqua fuit, — Tyrii tenuere coloni, — Karthag^, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe 15 2 AEyEIDOS. v/ ostia, dives opum stiicliisque asperrima belli ; qiiam Iiino fertur terris niagis omnibus unam postlTalTita cbluisse bajino : Incliiriiis arnia, liic currus fiiit ; hoc regimm aea gentibus esse, si qua fata sinant, iam turn tenditque f ovetque. Progeniem sed eniin Troiano a sanguine duci audierat, Tyrias oli.m quae verj^^fcarces ; 20 hinc populum late regem bellofj^HRperbum venturuiu excidio Libyae : sic voivere Parcas. Id metuens veterisque meiiior Saturnja belli, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis : — necdum etiam causa^Jrarum saevique dolores 25 exciderant animo ; manet alta mente repostum iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores : — his accensa super iactatos aequore toto Troas, reliquias Danauni atque immitis Acl\illi, 30 arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos errabant acti fatis maria omnia circum : tantae molis erat Pomanam condere gentem. She chafes to think that ivhereas Pallas had destroyed the Greek fleet, she, the queen of the Gods, could not keep Aeneas from Italy. Vix 6 conspectu Siculae telluris in altum vela dabant laeti et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 cum luno aeternum servans sub pectore volnus haec secum : ' Mene inceptS desistere victam, LIBER I. 6 nee pos^'e Italia Teucroriim avertere regem ? quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem ArgiVdm atqiie ipsos potuit submergere pont'o 40 uiims ob nox^m et furias Aiacis Oili ? ^ Ipsa,-Iovis rapidtim iaculata e nubibus ignem, clisiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis, illiiBi exspii'antem transfixo pectore flammas turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 Ast ego, quae divtini incedo regina, lovisque et soror et coninnx, una cum gente tot annos bella gero : et quisquam numen lunonis adorat praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem ? ' She asks Aeolus' aid, and he lets loose all the loinds, the storm and shipivreck. Talia fiammatc) secum dea corde volii'tans 50 nimbbrum^in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris Aeoliam venit. Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras imperio preniit ac vinclis et careere frenat^,^ Illi indignantes niagno cum murmure montis 55 cireum claustra f remunt : celsa sedet Aeolus arce sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras : ni faciat, maria ae terras caelunique profundum quippe ferant ra^idJL secum verrantque per auras : sed pater omnipotens speluneis abdidit atris 60 hoe metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo 4 AENEIDOS. et premere et laxas sciret dare( iussus habenas. Ad quern turn luno supj^ex his vocibus usa^st : 'Aeole, nam que tibi divum pater atque hominum rex 65 et muTcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento, gens iniinjiia mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, Ilium m Italiam portans victosque Penates : incute vim ventis submersasqile obrue puppes, aut age di versos et disice corpora ponto. 70 Sunt mihi bis septem pr aesta nti corpore nymphae, quarum, quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,- omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos y exigat et pulchra faciat te prole parentem. 75 ^ Aeolus haec contra : ' Tuns, o regina, quid optes, ^^"explorare labor ; mihi iussa capessere fas est. Tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra lovemque concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum, nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.' 80 Haec ubi dicta, cavnm conversa cuspide montem impulit in latus : ac venti, velut agmine facto, qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. Incubuere mari, totumqne a sedibus imis una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85 Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus. Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum. Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque Teucrorum ex oculis ; ponto nox incubat atra. Intonuere poll et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. Extemplo Aeneae solvimtur frigore membra ; ingemit, et duplices teiidens ad sidera palmas talia voce revert : ' terque quaterque beati, quis ante ora pdtrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95 contigit oppet^'e ' o Danaiim f orfcssime geutis TydidjeJ inejie IIi£ cis occumbere campis non potuiss'e tiiaque anifenam banc effundere dextra, , saevus ubi lAeacijdae telo iacet\Hector, i^biJngenslC^ f Sarpelflon, ubi\tot Simdjis coiy-epta snb undis 100 scuta virum gal^sque eii f or {;ia^ corpora Wolvit ! ' .^ ■^ Talia iactanti^stridens ' Aquilonejppocella velum acJver^ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit : f rangun^ur remi ; turn prOri ajv^ertit etj undis 104 dat latus 2 insequitur cumiilo prae^uptus aquae mons. Hi summer in fluctu pendent ; his unda dehiscens v terrjtm inter fluctus aperit : furit aestus h^renis. Tris Notusfabreptas inJsaxa l£fcentia\torquet ; — saxa vocant Itali medii§^_c[uae in flvictibus|^?-as, — dorsum immane mari summo ; tres Eurus ab alto. ^ in brevia et^ syrtis urget, miserabile visu, m inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae. Unam,\quae Lycios lidumque vehebat Oronten, ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus in pu];4^im ferit : excutitur prohusque magi.ster 115 volvitur in cabut ; ast' illam ter fluctus ibidem torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex. am*,^ m A) 6 , AENEIDOS. Aclparent rari naiites in gurgite vasto, arma virum tabulaeque et Troia gaza per undas. lam validaiu ijliiaiiei^navein, iam fortis Achatae, 120 et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, vicit hiems f laxis lateruni compagibus omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem riniisque fatiscunt. Neptune scolds the winds and allays the storm. Interea magno misceri murmure pontum emissamqu'ti liiemem sensit Neptunus et imis 125 stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus ; et alto prospiciens summa placidum caput extulit unda. ^j^ Disiectad^ Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, fluctibus oppresses Troas caelique ruina : nee latuere doli fratrem lunonis et irae. 130 •'' Euf"mn ad se Zephyrumque vocat, deliinc talia f atur : ' Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri ? 3^ iam caelu^i terramqile meo sine numine, venti, miscere, et tantas audetis toUere moles ? 134 '~quos ego — sed motos praestat componere iluctus iVy post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. \\ Maturate fugam, regiqi^ haec dicite vestro : non illVimperium pelagi saevumque tridentem, sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa, vestras, Eure, domos ; ilia se iactet in aula 140 Aeolus et clauso Ventorum carcere regnet.' Sic ait, et dicto citius tumid^ aequora placat, Vjy LIBER I. 7 collectasque fugat nubes solemque reducit. Cymothoe siniul et Triton adnixus acuto detrudunt navis scopulo ; Tevat ipse tridenti 145 et vastas ^aperit syrtis et temperat aeqiior, atque rotis siimmas levibus perlabitur undas. ^ Ac veluti magna in populo cum saepe coorta est seditio, saevitqufe animis ignobile volgus, iamque faces et saxa volant, f6.ror arma ministrat turn pietate gray^ ac meritis si forte virum quern "^-6onspexere, silent arrectisque~auribus adstant; ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet : sic cunctus pelagi cecidit frag^r, aequora postquam prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto '^'^ 155 flectit equos curruque voj^ns dat lora secundo. >^^^ .. The Trojans land in a sheltered spot and prepare a meal. Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras. Est in s'ecessu longo locus : insula portum efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 frangitur inque sinus scmdit sese unda redudtos. Hinc atque liinc vastae rupes geminique minantur in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late aequora tuta silent : tum silvis scaena coruscis 164 ' desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra; - fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxp, nympliarum domus : liic f^ssas non vincula navis '.3-^ 8 AENEIDOS. ulla tenent, uiipo non allfgat ancora morsu. Hue septWn Aeneas collectis navibus omni 170 ex numqro subit ; ac magno telluris amore 5^y^e^>^s^J^ptata potiuiitur Troes harena et sale tabentis artus iji litore poniint. Ac pmnuin silmi scmTipStt exlcudit Achates 1 suscepitque ignem loliis atqui^ arida circum 175 nntrimenta dedit rapuitc[U^ in fomite flammam. •Tum, Cererem corruptato undis Cerealiaque.arma ■^'^"^expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. 179 Aeneas sees and shoots seven stags, and encourages his comrades, who roast venison, and after eating it beicail those loho had been lost. Aeneas scopuhmi interea conscendit et omnem prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quern iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis aut Capyn aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. Nav^si in conspectu nullain^tris litore cervos prospicit errantis ; hos torn armenta sequuntur 185 a tergV et longum per vallis pascitur agmen. ^^^. Constitit hie, arcumque manu eeleresque sagittas corripuit, [hdus quae tela gerebat Achates], ductoresqii^ ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis cornibus arboreis, sternit ; tum volgus, et omnem 190 miseet agens telis nemo A inter frondea turbam ; nee prius absistit, quam septum ingentia victor LIBER I. 9 corpora fiindat liumi et numeriim cum navibus aequett Hmc portum ;^etit, ,et s'bcios partitur in omnis. ^ , "Vlna bonus quae deiride cadis onerarat Acestes 195 litore Trinacrio dederatqu^ abeuntibns heros, dividit et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet : ' socii, neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum, D passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque linem. \Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis 200 accestis scopulos, vos et Cj^clopea saxa experti : revocate animos, maestumque timorem mittite ; forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latiuni, sedes ubi fata quietas 205 ostendunt ; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. Durat^ et vosmet rebus servate secundis.' Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger , / spem voltu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.-y/ Illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris : 210 tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant, pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt, ^^ litor^. aena locant alii flammasque ministrant. Turn victu revocant vires, fusique per herbam » implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae. "^ ^^15 Postquaki exempta fames epulis, mensaeque reniotaeX amis SOS lohgo socios sermone requirunt spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant sive extrema pati nee ram exaudire vocatos. 10 AEN FIDOS. Praecipue plus Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, 220 nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum fata Lyci fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloantluim. The scene changes. Venus implores Jujnter to hefriend her Trojans. Et iam finis erat, cum luppiter aethere summo ' despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentis .^^j^..^ litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225 constitit et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. Atque ilium talis iactantem pectore curas tristior et lacrijnis oculos suffusa nitentis adloquitur Venus : ' qui res liominumque de urn que aeterpis regi^iiiperiis et fuliiHne terres, 230 quid mens Aeneas in te committere tantum, quid Troes potuere, quibus tot funera passis cunctus ob Italian! terrarum clauditur orbis ^ Cerfce hinc Ronianos olim, volventibus annis, hinc fore ductores revocafb^a sanguine Teucri, 235 qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent, l)ollicitus : quae te, genitor, sententia vertit ? Hoc equide\i occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens ; nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 240 insequitur. Queni daS finem, rex magne, laborum?^' Antenor potuit mediis elapsus Achivis Illyricos penetrare sinus atqu>^intima tutus regna Liburnoruin et fontem superare Timavi, LIBER I. 11 uncle joer gra novem vasto cum murmure montis 245; it mare proruptii^ et pelago premit arva sonanti. . Hie tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit TeucrontKi, et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit ^ Troia, nunc placida comp.QS±iis pace quiescit : v^ - ^ nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, 250' navibus, infanduniX amissis, uniu^luram prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris. Hie pietatis honos ? sic nos in sceptra reponi^-?.' . / Jupiter reassures her ; the future destinies of (1) Laviinum,. (2) Alba Longa, culminating in (3) Rome. ^^^' Olli subridens liommum sator atque deorum voltu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255, oscula libavit natae, dehiuc talia fatur : ^^ ' Parce metu, Cy therea : manent immota tuoru«a> fata tibi ; cernes urbeni et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli 259. magnanimu^KAenean ; neque me sententia vertit. Hie tibi, — fabor enim, q'n^ndo haec te cura remor- det, L>...^^-^-<'^^^^'*-^ longius et volvena fatorm^arcana movebo, — belluiii ingens geret Italia populosque feroces contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet, tertia dura Latio regnantem viderit aestas 265, ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen lulo additur, — Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno, — S 12 AENEIBOS. triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis imperio explebit, regniimque ab sede Lavini 270 transferet, et Loiigam multa vi muniet Albania Hie iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donee regina saeerdos Marte gravis geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 Eomulus exeipiet gente m, et Mavortia condet moenia Eomanosque suo^de nomine dicet. His ego nee metas rerum nee tempora pono ; .; imperium sine fine ded.i. Quin aspera luno, 279 quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat,V consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit ^. . Komanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam.'^u. , ' Sic placitum. A^eniet lustris labentibus aetas, cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas servitio premet ac yictis dominabitur Argis. 285 Nascetur pulclira Troianus origine Caesar, imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, lulius, a magno demissum nomen lulo. ,^\^ ■ Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, accipips s'^iira ; vocabitur hie quoque" votis. 290 Aspera turn positis mitescent saecula bellis ; cana Fides et Vesta, Eemo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt ; dirae f erro_^t compagibus artis claudentur Belli portae ; Furor impius intus saeva sedens supfer arma*et ceiifuin vvhdtus^Wnis 295 post tergum nodis, fremet liorridus ore cruento.' -7 aI-*^'' ^^ ^' \. V ii^^i? I. 13 Mercury is sent doion to influence Dido, Queen of Carthage, so- us to v)elcoine Aeneas. Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, lit terrae utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arc^e^. Yolati ille per aera magnum 300 remigi^ alariini, ac Libyae citus astitit oris. Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo ; in primis regina quietum iccipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. Aeneas in the morning, leaving his fleet secreted, explores the country and meets his mother Venus, loho tells him the whole story of Dido. At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, 305 ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare novos, quas ventd^ accesserit oras, qui teneant, — nara inculta videt, — hominesne _feraene, quaerefe constituit sociisque exacta referre. (cui»^''^^ Classei^ in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata 310 "^"^-^rZ^ arboribus clausam circi^ atqi^ horrentibus umbris occulit ; ips^ uno graditur comitatus Achate, bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. ^ Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, 315 Spartanae, V^l qualis equos Threi'ssa fatigat Harpalyce voliicremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum. ^ruJ:^^X^^^^ c.^ 14 AENEIDOS. ISTamqu^ umeris de more habilem suspenderat arciini venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis, ^o^ nuda genu nodoque sinus collecta fluentis. 320 ^Ac prior ' Heus ! ' inquit, ' iuvenes, monstrate, me- arum vidistis si quam hie errantem forte sororum, succinctam pharetra/, et maculoso tegmine lyncis aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.' ^ Sic Venus, et Veneris contra sic filius orsus : 325 * Nulla tuaruj^ audita niilii neque visa sororum, o — quam te memorem, virgo ? namon/e haud tibi voltus >. mortalis, nee vox hominem sonat ; o dea certe, an Phoebi soror ? an nympharum sanguinis una ? Sis felix, nostrumque leves quaecumque laborem, et, quo sub caelo tandqm, quibus orbis in oris 331 ^|> iactemur, doceas ; ignai"-; homiiiumque Ibcorumque erramus, vento hue vastis et fiuctibus acti : /^ multa tibif ant^ aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.' Dido had fled from Tyre to escape from the tyranny of her brother Pygmalion, loho had murdered her husband Sychaeus. Tum Venus : ' Haud equidem tali me dignor honore ; 335 virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram purpureoq\* alte suras vincire cothuruo. Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem ; LIBER I. 15 sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello. Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, 340 germanum fugiens. Longit est iniuria, longae ambages ; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. Huic coniunx Sycliaeus erat, ditissimus agri Plioenicikii, et magno miserae dilectus amore/\^ cui pater intactam. dederat primisque iugarat ( 345 omiuibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus liabebat / Pygmalion, sceler^ antX alios immanior omnis. Quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sycliaeum impius ant\aras atqu'te auri caecus amore -''"t clam ferr^ incautum superat. securus amorum 350. germanae ; factumque diu celavit, et aegram , multa. mains simulans vana spe lusit amantem-f^r^- Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris ; crndelis aras traiectaque pectora ferro 355 nudavit, caecumque domus scelusomne retexit. ^A Tum celerare fugam patriaqu^ excedere suadet, auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit thesauros, ignotui^ argenti pondus et anri. His commota fugam Dido sociosqne parabat. 360 Conveniunt, qnibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat ; navis, quae forte paratae, corripiunt onerantqiJPe auro. Portantur avari PygmalioDis opes pelago ; dux femina facti. Devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis 365 moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem, 16 AENEIDOS. mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, taurino quantum possent circUmdare tergo. Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris, quove tenetis iter ? ' Quaerenti talibus ille 370 suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem : Aeneas tells Venus who he is ; she tells him that his comrades are safe, confirming it by an omen of swans ; she reveals herself to him, and departs to Paphos. ' dea, si prima repetens ab ongine pergam, et vacet annalis nostrorUm audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo. Nos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per auris 375 Troiae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris. Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qii\ex hoste Penates classe veho mecum, fama super aetbera notus. Italiam quaero patri^^i et genus ab love summo. 3S0 Bis denis Phrygium coiiscendi navibus aequor matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus ; vix septem convols^ undis Euroque supersunt. Ips^ ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, Euroj)a atqii^^ Asia pulsus.' Nee plura querentem passa Venus medio sic interfata dolopi^ est : 386 'Quisquis es, baud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras I vitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem. Perge modb, atqit^ hinc te regin^ ad limina perfer : LIBER I. 17 nam que tibi reduces socios classemqiie relatam 390 nuntio et in tutum ver^^ ^^ Aquilonibus actam, ni frustrj^/' augurium vani av,';*.uere parentes. '• Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos, aetheria quos lapsa plaga lovis ales aperto turbabat caelo ; nunc terras ordine longo 395 aut caper^ ant captas iam despectare videntur : ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere, baud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo. 400 Perge niod(i'' et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum.' Dixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit, ambrosiaeque comae divmum vertic^ odorem spiravere ; — pedes vestis defluxit ad imos : — et vei;^' incessu patuit clea. 111^ ubi matrem 405 agnovit, tali fugiente^ est voce secutus : ' Quid natum totiens, crudelis tu quoque, falsis ludis imaginibus ? cur dextrae iungere dextram non datur, ac veras audir^ et reddere voces ? ' Talibus incusat, gressumqu^ ad moenia tendit. 410 At Yenus obscuro gradientis aere saepsit, et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, cernere ne quis eos neu quis contingere posset molirive morai^^i aut veniendi poscere causas. Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque revisit 415 laeta suas, ubi templmn illi, centumque Sabaeo ture calent arae sertisqiie recentibus halant. . > ^1 18 AEN FIDOS. Aeneas and Achates, concealed &?//oO '*^ enter the city and see the people as busy a-l^c- ^^^ early summer. r Corripuere viaiij^ interea. qua semita monstrat : iamqu^jj-scendebaiit collem, qui plurimus urbi iinmiiiet adversasqu£_aspectat clesu^:)er arces. 420 Miratur moleni^eneas, inagalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumquejgt strata viarum. ,^ ^feSb ardentes Tyrii : pars ducere muros moliriquB-arcein.et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tectQ^t concludere sulco. 425 [iura magistratusque legunt sanctum que senatum.] ft Hie portus alii^^'odiunt; hie lata theatris f undamenta petunt alii^immanesque columnas nipibus eicidunt, scaenis decor^t^lta f uturis : qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 w-'s.'w exei'cet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos "1^ educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella A stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, ^ aut onera^ccipiunt venientunij^ut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus areent ; v'^^'^^3^ tovet opus, redolentque tliymo fragrantia mella. * fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt ! ' Aeneas ait, et fastisria suspicit urbis. . \ ^ Inf ert se saeptus nebula (mirabile dietu) V^ "^ per medios miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 fe «-.• LIBER I. 19 Aeneas enters a grove ichere a temple is in building to Juno, in ichich he recognises well knoion incidents of the Trojan IV ar. .-r ^^ 450 Lucus ill urbe fuit media, laetissimiis umbrae, jf ' jj quo pnmuin iact^i^inclis et turbine~Pbeni K^ ^ tr^ effodere loeo signum, quod regia luno Vn^ V'^ ^T'' monstrarat, caput acris equi : sic nam forg bello ^y ^''-' egregiam^t facilem victu per saecula gentem. '^45 Hie templum lunonijiigens Sidonia Dido condebat, donis opulentuiii,^t iiuraine divae, aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina nexaeque aefe frabes, foribus cardo stridebat .aenis. Hoc primuuTLin luco nova res oblata timorem Teniit/ liic primun^Jleneas sperare salutem ausus et adflictis melius conlidere rebus. IN'amque sub ijigenti lustrat auin singula templo reginanL^p'][5eriehs, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, artiticumque manus inter se operumque laborem 455 miratur, videt Iliacas exordine pugnas bellaque iam f ama totum volgata per orbem, Atridas Priamumqu&«£t saevuni.anibobus Achillen. Constitit, et lacrimans 'Quis iam locus/ inquit, ^ Achate, quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris ? 460 „ jjj< En Priamus. Sunt liic etiam sua praemia laudi ; sunt lacrimae reruinjet mentem mortalia tangunt. Solve metus ; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.' Sic ait, atque__aiiimum pictura pascit inani, .,jwa-X>^ ^ I 20 AENEIDOS. niiilta gemens, laygoq iieji mectat fiumine voltum. 465 Nam que videbat, unbellantes Fergama circum hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana inventus ; hac Phryges,4nstaret curru cristatus Achilles. Nee procul hinc E,hesi niveis tentoi'ii^ivel^s ^ ^ agnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno 470 Tydkles multa vastabat gaede cruentus, ardencisque avertit equos in castra, priusquam pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent. Parte alia fu^ens ami^is Txoilu^rmis infelix puer atqu^inpar cbiigressus Achilli, 475 fertur equis curruqits^ haeret resupihus inani, lora tenens tamen; huic cervixque comaeque tra- huntur jj per terrlTOTT-et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta. /J/ Intere^^L^d templum no n aegu ae Palladis ibant* crinibus Iliades passis pe;^jlunique ferebant, 480 suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis: diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat. Ter circihu. Iliacos raptaverat Hectgra muros exanimumqi>^ auro corpus vendebat Acliilles. Turn ver)s ingentem gemitum dat pectoiAjib inio, 485 ut spoli^, ut currus, utqu's ipsum corpus amici tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes. Se quoque principibus permixtuin agnovit Acliivis, Eoasqu^^cies et nigriMemnonis_at'ma. Ducit Amazoniduin lunatis agmina peltis 490 Penthesilea furens mediisqu\in milibus ardet, LIBER I. 21 aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, bellatrix, audetqiie viris concurrere virgo. Dido enters the temple ; Aeneas sees the comrades, loho, as he thought, were lost. Haec dum Dardanils^ Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet obtutuqu^ haeret defixus in imo, 495 regin?vad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. J^ /Qiialis in Eurotae ripis aut per iiiga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae 499 hinc atqu\hinc gloi^fantur Oreades; ilia phare- tram .,.,..o3iiJ=»' fert umero, gradiensque deas siipereminet omnis ; — Latonae taciturn pertemptant ga\yiia p^tus ; — talis erat Dido, "CSli^ii se laeta ferebat per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris. Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 saep1^ armis solioqu'y^ alte subnixa resedit. lura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat instis aut sorte traliebat, cum subit\^ Aeneas concur^ accedere magno ' Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum ff'^ Teucrorumqu\ alios, ater quos aeqiiore turbo JU^iCk/^vJ ^-dispulerat penitusqu^ alias avexerat oras. ^-^ ~Y^r^^M^^ • Obstipuit simul ipse, simul percussus Achates laetitiaque metuqu\: avidi coniungere dextras ardebant, sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 22 AENEIBOS. ,f Dissimiilant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore liiiquant,^ quid veniaut : cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant orantes veui^, et templum clamore petebant. -519 Ilioneus, as their spokesman, bec/s for permission to rebuild their ships, and sail to Sicily or Italy. Postqua^ introgres^ et coram data copia fandi, maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit : ' regina, novam cui condere luppiter urbem iustitiaque dedit gentis frenare superbas, Troes te miseri, ventis marik omnia vecti, oramus : prohibfe infandos a navibus ignis, 525 parce i^io gener\. et propius res aspice nostras. Ngn nos aut ferro Libycos po^ilare Penatis^>4 jj V ~ venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas ; non ea vis animo nee tanta superbia victis. Est locus, Hesperian! Grai cognomine dicunt, 530 terrk antiqua, potens armis atqUe ubere glaebae ; Oenotri coluere viri ; nunc fama minores Italian! dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. Hie cursus fuit, / cum subit^ adsurgens fiuctu nimbosus Orion 535 '' in vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris perqufe undas, superante salo, perqu^ invia saxa -^ dispulit : hue pauci vestris adnavimus oris. C Quod genus hoc hominum ? qi;aeve hunc tarn bar- bar a morem LIBEB I. 23 permittit patria ? hospitio proliibemiir hareuae ; 540 bella cient, primacpie vetant consistere terra. Si genus humaiiih^i et mortalia temnitis anna, at sperate deos memores fand^ atque nefandi. Kex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter nee pietate fuit nee bello maior et armis : 545 quern si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura aetlieria neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, non metus. Officio nee te certasse priorem paeniteat : sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes armaque, Troianoqu^ a sanguine clarus Acestes. 550 Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem et silvis aptare trabes et stringere renios : si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, tenderer ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus ; . sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optume Teucrum, 555 pontus habet Libyae, nee spes iam restat luli, at freta Sicaniae saltern sedesque paratas, unde hue advecti, regemque petamus Acesten.' Talibus Ilioneus ; cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae. 560 Dido welcomes them and offers them a shelter. Tum breviter Dido voltum demissa profatur : 'Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. Bes dur^^ et regni no vitas me talia cogunt moliri, et late finis custode tu.evuj^^^^k^,^.'^ — Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem, 24 AENEIBOS. virtutesque virosqne aut tanti incendia belli ? 566 Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, nee tarn aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe. Seu vos Hesperian! magnam Saturniaque arva sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten, 570 auxilio tutos dimittam opibusqne iuvabo. Voltis et his mecum pariter considere regnis ? Urbem quam statuo, vestr^ est ; subducite navis ; ^ Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur.' ' ^ I Atqub utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 adforet Aeneas ! equidem per litora certos dimittai^i et Libyae lustrarfe extrema iubebo, si qnibus eiectus silvis aut urbibus errat/ Aeneas and Achates become visible : the beauteous grace of Aeneas, who thanks Dido for her geyierosity. His animmn arrecti dictis et fortis Achates et pater Aeneas iamdndum erumpere nubem 580 ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates : ^Nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit ? Omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos : unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi submersum ; dictis respondent cetera matris.' 585 Yix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum. Kestitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit OS umerosque deo similis; namquei^ipsa decoram\^'^ ' caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae 590 LIBER I. . ,- ; 25 purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores : quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut nbi flavo argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro. Turn sic regina\n adloquitur cunctisque repente inprovisus ait: 'Coram, quern quaeritis, adsuni 595 Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. • O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores, quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque omnibus exliaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos urbe, domo, socias : grates persolvere dignas 600 'non opis est nostrae, Dido, nee quidquid ubique est / gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem. j^J Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quidv^../ iisquam iustitia est et mens sibijcqnScia recti, 604 praemia digna ferant. Quae te tarn laeta tulerunt saecula ? qui tanti talem genuere parentes ? in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet, semper lionos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt quae me cumque vocant terrae.' Sic fatus, amicum Ilionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum, 611 {-) post alios, fortemque G-yan fortemque Cloantlium. a Dido tells Aeneas that she has heard of him from Teucer. Obstipuit priniQ aspectu Sidonia Dido, casu deinde f^iri tant6, et sic ore locut^ est : ^Quisje, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus 615 "^ insequitur ? quae vis immanibus applicat oris ? 26 AENEIDOS. Tune ille Aeneas, quern Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Plirygii genuit Simoentis ad undam ? atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem 620 auxilio Beli ; genitor turn Belus opimam vastabat CypriW et victor dicione tenebat. /). '3 ^ Tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Troianae nomenque tuum regesque Pelasgi. Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat, 625 seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat.^ Quare agite, o tectis, iuvenes, succedite nostris. Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores \ ^ iactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra : ^^ y^) non imara mali miseris succurrere disco.' t/ 630 She brings Aeneas into the palace, and sends food to the Trojans on board. Sic memorat ; simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul diviim templis indicit honorem. Usee minus interea sociis ad litora mittit viginti tauros, magnoriHn liorrentia centum terga simm, pinguis centum cum matribus agnos, 635 munera laetitiamque dii. At domus interior regali splendida luxu ^ ^ ' instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis ; arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo, ingens argentum mensis, caelataqu^ in auro 640 fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum per tot ducta viros antiqusDe ab origine gentis. LIBER I. 27 Achates is despatched for Ascanius, and ordered to bring royal presents for Dido. Aeneas — neqiie edim patrius consistere mentem passus amor — r apidi i\p. ad navis praemittit Achaten, Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumqiie ad moenia ducat ; 645 omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis. Munera praeterea iHacis erepta ruinis ferre iubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem et circumtextam croceo velamen acantho, ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos ilia M;][^cenis, 650 Pergama cum peteret inconcessosqb^ hymenaeos, extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum ; praeterea sceptrua^i, Ilione quod gesserat olim, maxima natarum Priami, coUoque monile bacatu^ et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam. 655 Haec celerans iter ad navis tendebat Achates. Venus carries off Ascanius to Idalia, suhstituting Cupid for him. At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat , consilia, ut faciem mutatus et or^^Cupido "^ ^ \ pro dulci^scanio veniat, donisque furentem Nf-'^/'^ incendat regina^ atqu6, ossibus implicet ignem. 660 Quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilinguis ; urit atrox luito^ et sub nocteni cura recursat. ' • Ers^a bis alisrerum dictis adfatur Amorem : ' Xate, meae vires, mea magna potentia solus, ■1 28 AENEIDOS. nate, Patris summi qui tela Typhoea temnis, 665 ad te confugiK et supplex tua numina posco. Frater ut Aeneas pel^go tuus omnia circum litoraTactetur ocuis lunonis acerbae, nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore. Nunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur 670 vocibus ; et vereor, quo se lunonia vertant hospitia ; baud tanto cessabit cardine rerum. . Quocirca caperXante dolis et cingere flamma reginam meditor, ne quo se nuniine mutet, sed magnb Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. 675 Qua facer^ id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem. Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem Sidoniani puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, dona ferens pelag^ et flammis restantia Troiae ; \ ' hunc ego sopitum^^imcusuper alta Cythera 680 aut super Idalium sacra.t3^ je^ip recondam, ne qua scire dolos mediusv)^ occurrere possit. Tu facie/h^ illiuSjUOctem non amplius unam falle dolb, et notos pueri puer indue voltus, xii^ cum te gremi6 accipiet laetissima Dido 685 regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, cum dabit amplexus atqu^ oscula dulcia figet, occultihii injj^ires ignem fallasque veneno.' Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas exuit et gressu gaudens incedit luliy . ^ ,^^.j- 690 At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem |inrigat, et fotum greniio dea tollit in altos '7^ LIBER I. 29 Idaliae liicos, ubi mollis amaracus ilium flojibus et dulci, adspirans complectitur umbra. Cupid arrives as the feast is heginninrj ; he is fondled by Dido, ichose heart he kindles to love. lamqu^bat dicto parens et dona Cupido 695 regia ip ortab at Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. Cum venit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis y^ aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit ; iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana inventus conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro. 700 e^ Dant maiiibu^ famuli lymphas, Cereremque canisr'^ tris (L.J'- expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis. ^y^-*''^ , Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam cura penum struer^ et flammis adolere Penates ; centuh^ aliae^otidemque pares aetate ministri, 705^ qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant. /, Xec lion et Tyrii per limiiia laeta frequentes convenere, toris iussi discumbere pictis. Mira'iiltiir dolia ATen^e, mi/rahtur lulum flagrantisque dei voltus simulataque verba 710 pallamqu\et pictum croceo velamen acantlio. ij, U -' 1 » Praecipue^ irifelix, pesti devota futurae, '^ expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo PhoenissB,, et pariter puero donisque movetur. 111^ ubi comple:?^ Aeiieae colloque pependit 715 et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem, 30 AENEIDOS. reginam petit. Haec oculis, haec pectore toto liaeret et interduiu greinio fovet, inscia Diclo, insideat quantus miserae deus. At memor ille matris Acidaliae paulatinyi abolere Sychaeum 720 iiicipit, et vivo temptat praeverter^ ainore iam pridem resides aiiimos desuetaque corda. The feast over, Dido makes libations to Jupiter, Bacchus, and Juno, praying that the Carthaginians and Trojans may he linked in peace. Postquaiii prima quies epulis, mensaeqiie remotae, crateros magnos statimnt et vina coronant. It strepitiis tectis vocemque per ampla volutant 725 atria ; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi^ et noctem flammis fnnalia vincunt. Hie regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit implevitque mero pateram, qiiani Belus et omnes a Belo soliti ; turn facta silentia tectis : 730 '■ luppiter, hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntnr, hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Troiaque profectis esse velis, nostrosque liuius meminisse minores. Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator et bona luno ; et vos, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes. p 735 lopas, the minstrel, chants to his lyre songs of astronomical and physical lore. Ap}ylause and conversation. Dido asks Aeneas for his story [lohich is told in Books II. and III.]. Dixit, et in mensam laticum libavit honorem, primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore j LIBER L 31 turn Bitiae dedit increpitans ; ille inpiger hausit spuinaiitem pateram et pleno se proluit auro ; post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus lopas 740 personat aurata, docuit quern maximus Atlas. Hie caiiit errantem luiiam solisque labores ; unde hominum genus et pecudes ; unde imber et ignes ; Arcturum i)luviasque Hj^adas geminosque Trioues, quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles liiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. 746 lugeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur. Nee non et vario noctem sermone traliebat infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa, nunc, quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis, 751 nunc, quales Diomedis equi, nunc, quantus Achilles. ' Immo age, et a prima, die, hospes, origine nobis insidias,' inquit, ' Danaum casusque tuorum erroresque tuos : nam te iam septima portat 755 omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas.' I>J"OTES. I^OTES. Some poor manuscripts begin with four ancient but spurious verses : — Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatuB avena Carmen, et egressus silvis vicina coegi Ut quamvis avido parerent arva colono, Gratura opus agiicolis: at nunc horrentia Martis. 1-7. This short abstract of the poem is copied from Homer. 1. Arma virumque cano, Anns and the man I sing. Anna refers to the wars of Aeneas in Italy and virum to Aeneas him- self. Cognate accus. A. 238; H. 371, II. — primus. A. 191; H. 443. 2. Italiam and litora : terminal accus. after verb of motion, would in prose require jn-epositions. A. 258, b ; H. 380, 3. — fato. A. 245 ; H. 416. — Lavina is applied in anticipation to the shores of Latium, in the vicinity of Lavinium, the city which Aeneas afterivards built. 3. litora explains and restricts Italiam.— ille is pleonastic, grammatically in apposition with qui. — terris et alto. Abl. of place connected in idea with manner. For the omission of in, A. 258,/; H. 425, N. 3. Verses 2 and 3 refer to Aeneas' strug- gles before his arrival in Latium. 4. vi superiim more closely defined by the following words, and illustrated by th^ whole episode of Juno, 11 seq., who alone hated him. Vi is abl. of cause and instrument. — superum = su- peroram, i.e. deorum. A. 40, e; H. 52, 3. — memorem, ever- mindful, unforgetting, therefore relentless. 5. multa, etc., has reference to Aeneas' struggles after his arrival in Latium.— bello. Abl. of time. A. 256; H. 429.— dum conderet urbem. A. 328 ; H. 519, II. 2. 35 36 AENEIDOS. 6. deos, the Penates, styled jnihlici (maiores) as well as jJ^i- vati {minor es, familiares). — Latio. T)2it. iox In Latium. A. 225, 6; H. 380, II. 4. — unde = a quo, referring to Aeneas. Vergil here follows the common tradition. Cf. Livy, I. 1. The Latin race, Alban Senate, and Rome, refer to the three phases in the national history when the seat of power was respectively Lavinium, Alba Longa, Rome. It must be remembered that the Aeneid was a national epic. The lulii were of the Albani patres. 7. altae has reference to its position upon the seven hills. 8-11. Muse, tell me lohy Juno was enraged with so good a nif n. . The Muses were the goddesses of memoria. 8. Musa< i.e. Calliope, the muse of epic poetry. — quo, in respect.-^o what. A. 253; H. 424. — numine laeso. A. 255; H. 431. Ine answer to this question is contained in verses 12-22. 9. quidve dolens. A. 237, b; H. 371, III. N. 1.— regina deum, i.e. as the sister and wife of Jove. — deum = deorum. — tot volvere casus. In poetry and late prose, after the Greek idiom, verbs of striving, commanding, and advising are used with the infinitive. The regular prose construction would be ut volveret. A. 331, a ; H. 498, II. 10. pietate. A. 245; H. 416. — virum. A. 240,/; H. 536.— labores. A. 228, a; H. 372. 11. inpulerit is indirect questir^- A. 334; H. 529, I. The answer to this question is found ' '" 25-29. — Tantaene, sc. sunt.- ne. A. 210, a; H. 351, 2.— animis. A. 231; H. 387.— irae. The plural is very emphatic. A. 75, c ; H. 130, 3. 12. antiqua, "in days of old." The city was ancient at the time of Vergil. — Tyrii. Carthage was founded by colonists from Tyre, a town of Phoenicia, —tenuere, sc. eam, referring to urbs. See 530, est locus, Hesperiam Graji cognomine dicunt, where a parenthetic clause, as here, explains the first words. 13. Karthago is commonly said to have been founded 812 B.C. — contra. For the position, A. 263, N. ; H. 569, II. 1. — Tiberina, of the Tiber. In Latin an adj. often represents a phrase. — longe modifies contra. 14. ostia. The Tiber had two mouths. —dives opum. A. NOTES. 37 218, «; H. 399, I. 3. — studiis. A. 253; H. 424. — belli. Objec- tive genitive. 15. terris magis = qiiam omnes terras. A. 247 ; H. 417. — unam, in this sense, one in particular, is usually found with superlatives. It intensifies quam. 16. posthabita Samo. See Metrical Index. A. 255; H. 431. — coluisse is complementary infinitive. A. 271 ; H. 534, 1, N. 1. — Samos was an island in the Aegean sea, where Juno was born, nurtured, and married to Jupiter. Her oldest and grandest temple was there. See Class. Diet.— hie is an adverb, i.e. at Carthage. — arma, sc. fuerunt. 17. currus. The chariot of Juno is described by Homrr, }L Y. 720-733. — hoc refers to Carthage. Gender" ^95, d; H. 445, 4. Construction ? A. 240, /; H. 536. — gent. 233 ; H. 390, II. N. 2. 18. si qua, sc. raf io?ie. — sinant. A. 306, 337; H. 507, 527.— iam turn, even then, i.e. in that early age, long before Carthage became the actual rival of Kome. — Neither tendit nor fovet could take an infin. in prose. — que . . . que. A. 156, h ; H. 554, 1.5. 19. Progeniem. See hoc in v. 17. — sed metuehat Karthagini, enim. See v. 23, and compare the Greek iWaydp. — duci, teas even then springing. *'The present infin. denotes the event as existing in the designs of fate." 20. audierat = awf?ty' iirteret = everteret in Vergil's poetical language. A. 317 ; li. 497, ±. — Tyrias . . . arces, i.e. Car- thage, of Tyrian origin. See v. 12. 21. hinc, i.e. from Trojan blood. Verses 21 and 22 are an explanation of 19.— late. A. 188, fZ; H. 359, N. 4. — regein = regnantem qualifies the personified pox)uhnn. — bello. A. 253; H. 424. — superbum, really indicating the pride which comes from success, here denotes that success. 22. venturum, sc. esse. — excidio Libyae. A. 233; H. 390. — sic volvere Parcas, that so did the Fates decree, the metaphor being perhaps from the turn of the wheel of destiny. 23. Juno is angry with Aeneas (1) from her dread as to the future, (2) from the past (25-28) rankling in her mind. — veteris, 38 AENEIDOS. the old, i.e. the former. See VI. 449. Saturnia, i.e. Juno, the daughter of Saturn. Subj. of arcebat in v. 31. — belli. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 24. prima, the foremost, in the front rank on the Greek side. — ad Troiam, at Troy, in the vicinity of Troy. Roby (1820) takes it as "i^resence after motion," evidently very near the constructio pref/nans. — -pro. A. 236, R.; H. 384, 3, 2). — Argis = Grails, by metonomy. 25. necdum . . . honores : a parenthesis giving three separate causes of Juno's wrath. — etiam = et iani, even iwiv after so long a time. — irarum. Seen, on ira, v. 11. — dolores, Jiangs, put for the lorongs which caused those pangs. 26. animo. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. — alta mente = alta in mente. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1.— repostum by syncope = repo- situm. A. p. 298; H. 635, 2. 27. iudicium Paridis. Paris decided in favour of Venus against Juno and Minerva. Tennyson's (Enone gives the story. — iniuria is explanatory of indicium, the wrong of her slighted beauty, because the contest was which of the three should be adjudged the fairest. — formae. Gen. of definition. A. 214,/; H. 396, VI. 28. genus invisum. Juno hated the whole Trojan race, be- canse its founder Dardanus was a son of Jupiter by Electra. — rapti Ganymedis. Ganymede was seized by Jupiter in the form of ail-eagle and carried to Olympus, where he was made cup- bearer to the gods in place of Hebe, daughter of Juno. 29. his, sc. rebus. Abl. of cause. — super = insuper, moreover. — aequore. A. 258, /; H. 425, 2. 30. reliquias Danaum, i.e. the remnant left by the Greeks. Vergil calls the Greeks Argivi, Achivl, Danai, Grail, Pelasgi. — Achilli = Achillis. A. 64 '; H. 68. 31. arcebat. Note the force of the imperfect. — Latio. A. 258, a; H. 412, 2. — mu\X,os = sept em. 32. fatis, i.e. practically, their destiny. — civcuxa. H. 5%, II. 1. 33. The difiiculty of building up the Roman Empire enhanced its greatness.— molis. A. 214, d; H. 402. — condere. A. 270; H. 538. NOTES. 39 3-i. Vergil, like Homer, rushes at once to business, and does not spoil his story by going back too far. Aeneas' travels o'er every sea told in detail might be tedious, so they are thrown in as a tale told by him to Dido. The present passage takes up the storj^ from tlie end of Book III. The Trojans had set sail from Sicily, meaning to i-each the coveted Hesperia, when the storm drove them south to Carthage. •o"- 35. vela dabant, sc. ventis. — laeti, happy, because near Italy. — sails l)y metouomy for maris. — aere, i.e. with keel of bronze. oG. aeternum volnus. Cf . 19-28. — sub pectore, locJced in her breaf^i. 37-38. haec, sc. ^ogK/iwr. — Meneincepto . . . avertere regem. Is it to be imagined that I conquered desist from my under- taking, and am not able to turn back the king of the Teucrians from Italy ? The second clause is an Epic amijlification of the first. A. 274 ; II. 539, III. — incepto. A. 243, b ; H. 414. — Italia. A. 384, 4: H. 581, III. 1. 39. quippe, because forsooth. — fatis. Dat. =/«^o. — Pallasne, etc. See Homer, Od. IV. 499-511, 40. Argivdm refers only to the Locrians, whom Ajax led to the war. — ipsos, the men on the ships. — ponto. Local abl., with idea of means. 41. unius . . . Aiacis, of one man only, Ajax, son of O'ileus, who liad on the night Troy was taken outraged Cassandra, who had tied into the temple of Minerva for safety. Note that f/uilt and frenzy almost mean frenzied guilt, like the Homeric arrj, infatuate blindness.— Aisicis Oili is a Grecism. A, 214, b; H. 398, 1. 42. Ipsa, i.e. with her own hands. — lovis rapidum ignem, i.e. the thunderbolt, which both Juno and Pallas were allowed to hurl. 43. aequora is used when especial attention is drawn to the smoothness of the sea. — ventis. A. 248, c ; H. 420. 44. ilium, i.e. Ajax. — exspirantem, gasping out. — transfixo, i.e. by the thunderbolt. — pectore. A. 243, b; H. 414, N. 1.— flammas, i.e. the lightning. 40 AENEIDOS. 45. turbine. Abl. of means. — scopulo acuto, on a pointed rock, viz. Caphareus, the S.E. point of Euboea. It may be taken as eitlier dative or ablative, as infiijo governs both. A. 228 or 200, a; H. 38(3 or 425, 1. 4G. ego is in strong contrast with Pallas. — divum = divonim. — regina. A. 185 ; H. 3G2, 2, N. 1. Note the effective number of conjunctions. 47. soror, as both Jupiter and Juno were children of Saturn. — annos. A. 256; H. 379. 48. bella is plural to suit tot annos. — et quisquam . . . hono- rem, and will any one hereafter adore the dicinitij of Juno or a suppliant place on her altars the homage due? Note the absence of any interrogative particle. — quisquam implies a negative answer. H. 457. 49. praeterea=i:>osf/iac. — aris. A. 228; H. 386. See v. 45. 50. flammato. Vergil poetically uses a simple word = inflam- mato. — corde. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 51. nimborum is carefully placed at the beginning, Austris at the end, of the verse. — loca. A. 184; H. 363. For the form, A. 79, c ; H. 141. — Austris, the south winds, here used for winds in general. A. 248, c ; H. 421, II. 52. Aeoliam. A. 258, N. 2 ; H. 380, 2, 2. AeoUa was one of the Lipari islands, N.E. of Sicily. — Aeolus was the fabled king of the winds. — vasto antro is to be taken with pretnit. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 53. The rhythm suits the sense.— luctantes, stnir/r/ling to break loose. 54. imperio . . . vinclis . . . carcere. A. 248 ; H. 420. — vinclis et carcere, the bonds of a prison-hovse. The et coupling the words is merely rhetorical, for the prison and the bonds are identical. This is called Hendiadys. A. p. 298 ; H. (536, III. 2. 55. Illi, i.e. the winds. — magno cum murmure montis, " lohile the mountain »'i:rmurs miyhtily." Note the allitera- tion. 5(). circum claustra, i.e. the strongly secured places of egress- — celsa arce. Aeolus' ' lofty citadel ' is inside the storm moun- tain. NOTES. 41 57. sceptra. The plural used for the singular. 58. ni faciat . . . ferant . . . verrant, unless he do this, they ivill hear axoay, etc. The present is here used, instead of the im- perfect, to prepare tlie reader for the following scene by denot- ing the possibility of his not doing so. A. 307, h ; H. 509 and N. 2. 50. quippe = eer^e, asswredZ?/. — rapidi, where our idiom re- quires the adverb. GO. speluncis atris, in dark caves. See v. 52. 61. molemque at montes is by hendiadys for molem montium. See V. 54. ^insuper, above them. G2. foedere certo, by a fixed laio. A. 248; H. 410, III. 63. premere, sc. eos. — laxus = ut laxae essent, proleptic. — qui sciret. A. 317; H. 407, I. Note that the real purpose lies in the two infinitives, and not in scii'et. — iussus, i.e. by Jupiter. A. 202 ; H. 540, 1. 64. his vocibus usa est, addressed these loords. A. 240 ; H. 421, I. 65. namque = Kal ydp^ and imx^lies an ellipsis, and I am right in coming to thee, /or. 66. mulcere, tollere. Accus. after dedit. A. 112, d, and 273; H. 371, IV., and 533, II. — vento is to be taken with both infini- tives, for Vergil regarded the wind as doing that which by not blowing it allowed to be done. 67. Tyrrhenum aequor. Also Tuscuni -{Ivferum) Mare, the sea which extended from Liguria to Sicily. The construction is a Grecism. A. 237, d; H. 371, N. 2. 60. incute vim ventis, strike strength into the winds. A. 228; H. 386, 1. — submersas ohxu& = submerge et obrue, sink and o'erichelm. A. 202, R. ; H. 540, 5. 70. age diversos, drive them (the men) ajxirt, proleptic — ponto. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 71. mihi. A. 231 ; H. 387. — bis septem. So in Eel. I. Vergil describes twelve as twice six. — corpora. A. 251, a ; H. 410, II. 72. quarum limits puleherrima. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397. — quae, sc. es^- forma. A. 253; H. 424. — Deiopea is attracted here 42 AENEIDOS. into the relative clause, being really the object of the following verbs. A. 200, b ; H. 445, 9. 73. conubio may be scanned either ^ w — or A. 248; H. 411), III. — propriam, thine forever. 74. omnis begins, annos ends, the verse. — meritis pro tali- bus. Note the transposition of the words. 7.5. exigat . . . faciat. Subj. of purj^ose. A. 317 ; H. 497, II. — pulchra prole. A. 248 ; H. 420. Some explain them by A. 251 ; H. 419, II. 76. haec contra, m answer to these words, sc. locxUus est. A. 20(5; H. o(i8, o. — Tuus explorare labor, sc. est. Note the shifting of all the responsil)ility lor the act upon Juno herself. — quid optes. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. Direct question = quid optas 9 77. explorare. A. 270; H. 538. — capessere. Frequentative. A. 167, c ; H. 33(j, II. N. 2. 78. quodcumque hoc regni, whatever of sovereic/nty this is, i.e. this poor realm of mine. — regni. A. 216, a, 3; H. 397, 3. — sceptra lovemque, the might of Jove. See 54, N. 79. epulis. A. 228; H. 386. — accumbere. Qee note on mid- cere, V. (56. To recline at table was the Roman custom. 80. nimborum. A. 218, a; H. 399, I. 3. — facis, sc. me. 81. dicta, sc. sunt. — conversa, turned toward the mountain. — cuspide. A. 255; H. 431. 82. impulit in latus, he smote on its side, thus opening tlie claustra conceived of as folding doors opening inwards. — velut agmine facto, a line of march beinr/ formed, so to speak. A military metaphor and so requiring velut to soften it down. 83. qua. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. Commonly regarded as an adverb. — data, sc. est. — porta, an egress through the opened claustra. — ruunt, rush forth = eruunt, vid. N. on verteret, v. 20. — turbine. A. 248; H. 419, III. 84. Incubuere, they are fallen, the perfect denoting the swift- ness of the action. — mari. A. 228; H. 386. — totum, sc. mare, obj. of ruunt in next verse. 85. The many conjunctions {polysyndeton) are used for effect. NOTES. 43 — ruunt, are ploughing up. Compare the use of same verb in y. 83. — procellis.' A. 248, c; H. 421, II. 87. insequitur agrees only with the nearer substantive clamor. H. 463, I. — virum = virorum. 89. ponto, o'er the deep. See X. on 7nari, v. 84. ' Night on the ocean lies, Pole thunders unto pole, and still with wild fire glare the skies, And all things hold the face of death before the seaman's eyes.' — M. 90. intonuere poll, the poles have thundered, i.e. "pole thttuders unto pole." — ignibus. A. 245 ; H. 416. 91. viris. In Latin, verbs of threatening govern a dative of the person and the accusative of the thing, or it may be con- strued by A. 228 ; H. 386. 92. Aeneae. A.235,rt; H.384,4,N.2. — frigore, ici7/i c/ii7^m.g fear. A. 248; H. 420. 93. duplices, clasped, but as Yergil speaks of duplices parentes, and Lucretius of duplices oculi, it perhaps means ambas, both, or duas, two. 94. talia voce ref art, /ie utters icords like these. — voce. A. 248: H. 420. For the pleonasm, see A. p. 298; H. 636, III. — beati, sc. erant illi. 95. qviis^ quihus. A. 104, d; H. 187, foot-note 5. Dative with contigit. A. 227 : H. 385, I. 96. oppetere, sc. mortem. For the construction, A. 270, a ; H. 538, 1 (2) . — gentis. A. 216, a, 2 ; H. 397, 3. 97. Tydide, i.e. Diomedes, with whom Aeneas had engaged in single combat, which would have resulted fatally but for the direct intervention of Venus. — mene occumbere non potuisse. A. 274: H. 539, III. — occumbere, sc. ?norfi. — campis. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 98. banc = mcam . — dextra. A. 248 ; H. 420. 99. Aeacidae, of Achilles, the grandson of Aeacus.—X^lo. A. 248: H. 420. — iacet, lies in death, historic present. — ingens refers to his size. 44 AENEIDOS. 100. Sarpedon, sc. facet . — Simois, a river of the Troad. — correpta wolvit = cor ripu it etvolvit. 10'_>. iactanti, sc. ei, dat. of disadvantage. — stridens Aqui- lone. /loiclinf/ with the north icind. 103. adversa,/<//^ in front, agreeing withprocella, but equiv- alent to an adverb modifying ferit. 104. prora avertit, the prow sic inqs round. Intransitive. 105. cumulo. in a mass. A. 248 ; H. 410, III. — praeruptus is exj)laine(l by the next verse. 100. Hi . . . his, refer to men in the different ships. 107. furit aestus harenis, the swf rar/es with the sand, abl. of instrument. Papillon says " accompaniment." Others, "place where." 108. Tris, sc. naves. — abreptas torquet = abripit et torquet. — latentia, i.e. to Aeneas in the storm, as they are visible in a cahn. Probably the Aegimori insulae, thirty miles north of Carthage. 109. Construe: Saxa (quae) Italivocant Aras, quae {sunt) in mediis jinctibus. 110. mari. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 2. — summo. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. — ab alto, /rom the deep sea. 111. in brevia et syrtis, into the shalloics of the quicksands. See N. on 54. — miserabile. A. 189, d ; H. 438, 3.- visu. A. 303 ; H. 547. 112. vadis. A. 228; H. 386. —agger e. A. 248; H. 420. 113. Oronten. A. 04; H. 68. 114. ipsius, i.e. Aeneae.—mgens pontus, a heavy sea, is an expression invented by Vergil; puntus usually refers to the deep sea. — a vertice, /rom above. Homer's /car' dKp-q<;. 115. ferit, sc. navem. — qvie in Vergil's poetical language is not always attached to the word which it should logically follow. — magister, the helmsman, Leucaspis, VI. 334. 116. in caput, headlonf/, an adverbial expression. — illam, i.e. navem, contrasted with the helmsman. NOTES. V 45 117. rapidus vorat aequore vortex, i.e. the eddy swiftly engulfs them. — agens circum = circumaf/ens, tmesis and trans- position. It is added to show how the action is performed. 118. rari is contrasted with vasto. Note the effect of the spondees. 119. arma would float for an instant even if made of iron. Li\'\^ r. o7, says, the floating arms of the Sahiues first announced at Rome a victory. —tabulae, planks, from the ships there wrecked. 121. et qua, sc. earn. For the case, A. 248; H. 420. — vectus, sc. eat. 122. hiems. So Greek x^-tt-^v = hot\\ icinter and storm.— compagibus. A. 255; H. 431. All, icith their rib-joinings loosed, let in the fatal flood and gape ivith many a chink. ' Fast drinking in through timbers loose At every pore the fatal ooze Their sturdy barks give way.' 123. imbrem = water by metonomy. — rimis. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 124. miscere pontum. A. 330, 1 ; H. 535, I. — murmure. See N. on rimis, v. 123. 125. emissam, refusa, sc. esse. A. 206, e, fin. ; H. 534, N. 126. stagna, from sto, literally standing xoaters. — refusa, streaming hack, i.e. from the bottom to the surface. — vadis, A. 243 ; H. 412, 2. — alto = in altum. A. 225, b ; H. .380, 4. 127. summa. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. — placidum. A hint that he means to allay the strife. 128. toto aequore. A. 258,/; H, 425, II. 1. 129. fluctibus. A. 248; H. 420. — caelique ruina, and the downfall of the sky. A very bold expression. 130. latuere fratrem. A. 239, d; H. 371, III. N. 2. Neptune was Juno's brother. — irae, passions, plural with reference to their repeated display. 131. dehinc. In scanning elide the e. 46 AENEIDOS. 132. generis. A. 217; H. 396, III. The winds were sprung from the goddess Aurora and Titus Astraeus. — tenuit, has got possession of you. The idea is, 'How dare you so to presume upon your birth, and forget your true condition of vassalage ? ' 133. meo sine numine, i.e. witliout my consent, as if acting on your own authority. 134. tantas moles, such mountaiiis of waves. — audetis mis- cere. A. 271 ; H. 533. 135. quos ego, whom I — . Understand some such words as ' will cliastise.' This sudden brealting off is called Aposiopesis. A. p. 299 : H. 036, I. 3. — componere. A. 270 ; H. 538. 136. post . . . luetis, another time you shall atone for your misdeeds bij a punishment far different (i.e. far more severe than mere reproof) at my hands. — mihi. A. 225; H. 384, II. — non simili = dissimillima. Litotes. — poena. A. 248 ; H. 420. 138. pelagi. A. 217; H. 396, III. — saevum, stern, as the I)adge of stern authority. 139. s^^. By the lot Jupiter got the over-world, Pluto the under-%7OTld, Neptune the sea. — datum, sc. esse. A. 330, 1; H. 535, I. 140. vestras, Eure, domos, the homes of you loinds, Eurus. Neptune, though addressing Eurus only, is thinking of all the winds. In Latin vos never equals tu. — %e iactet. A. 266; H. 484, II. 141. clauso is emphatic ; then and not till then let him reign, when he has closed up the prison. 142. dicto citius, sooner than the loords were uttered, the waters were calm. A proverb. A. 247, h ; H. 417, N. 5. 144. Cymothoe was the daughter of Nereus and Doris. — Triton was a son of Neptune; both were sea-deities. — adnixus, puslL- iufj against them = annixus. For the agreement see A. 187, b; H. 439. 145. scopulo. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. — levat, raises them. — ipse = Neptune. — tridenti. A. 248 ; H. 420. 146. vastas . . . aequor, opens a way through the vast quick- sands and lays the waters smooth. NOTES. 47 147. rotis levibus. A. 248; H. 420. — Is levibus from le'vis or levis ? — undas. A. 237, d ; H. 372. 148-153. The sudden lull in the rage of the elements brought about by Neptune is compared to the sudden lull in the passions of an excited crowd brought about by the sight of some citizen of recognised worth. 148. veluti cum = Homer's i^? ore, — saepe = vt saepe accidit. 149. Simmis, in their 7ni7}ds. A. 253; H. 424. 150. iamque, and at last. — furor arma ministrat. Because no citizen could carry arms within the walls of the city. 151. turn . . . conspexere, then if by chance they have caught sight of any man of weight and ivorth, lit. weighty on account of his virtues and services to the state. Pigtas was the typical Roman virtue, including attention to duty of all kinds, not at all corresponding to our piety, but including it. 152. auribus. A. 248; H. 419, III. — adstant, stand attentive. Observe the force of ad. 154. cecidit, at once is hushed. Perfect. — aequora is object of prospiciens. 155. genitor, i.e. Neptune. — caelo aperto. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 156. curru = cwn-Mi. A. 68, N.; H. 116, foot-note. — Join with dat lora. 157. Aeneadae. A. 164, h ; H. 322. Note that the meaning and form are not quite identical. — quae proxima litora, sc sunt. A. 200, h ; H. 445, 9. — cursu. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 158. vertuntur, txn-n. H. 465. 159. in secessu longo, in a deep retired bay. In this descrip- tion Vergil draws upon his imagination or copies from Homer,, and does not describe any actual bay. 'Deep in a bay an island makes A haven by its jutting sides, Whereon each wave fronn Ocean breaks, And parting, into hollows glides. 48 AENEIDOS. High o'er the cove vast rocks extend, A beetling cliff at either end; Beneath their summit far and wide, In sheltered silence sleeps the tide, While quivering forests crown the scene, A theatre of glancing green.' — C. 160. obiectu laterum, by the juttinf/ of itfi sides, whereby each wave (omnis unda) from the deep is broken and parts into the deep holloics of the shore (in sinus reductos). — quibus. A. 248; H. 420. — ab aitto = veniens ab alto. 162. hinc atque hinc, on each side of the mouth of the harbour. — rupes, rocky clip's. — gemini, i.e. two similar. — minantur in caelum, toioer froioning to the sky. 163. scopuli, peaks. 164. tuta silent, lie safe and still.— tMm, moreover, marks the transition to a new point in the description. — silvis scaena coruscis, a background of quivering trees. A. 251 ; H. 419, II. 1()5. desuper, /rom above, i.e. on the hills. — horrenti . . . um- "bra and a murky grove loith shaggy shade looks down. 16(i. sub fronte adversa, beneath the front that faces the sea. — scopulis pendentibus. A. 244 ; H. 415, III. 167. yivoque sa.xo, of nati(ral stone. 168. nympharum. The Nymphs were personifications of the lovely in Nature. — fessas. The vessels are loeary as if en- dowed with life. Cf. Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, "thy sea-sick weary bark." WX unco . . . morsu, no anchor fastens them v)ith hooked bite. A.24.S; H. 420. 170. septem. Three from the reef, three from the sandl)ank, and his own. The number was originally twenty. — navibus. Ablative of instrument. 171. amore. A. 248; H. 410, III. 172. harena. A. 249; H. 421, I. 173. et sale . . . ponunt, and stretch on the beach their limbs that drip with brine. Place on the beach would be in litus. JSfOTES. 49 174. silici, from a flint. A. 229 ; H. 386, 2. 175. foliis. A. 248; H. 420. — circum belongs with dedit in next verse. Tmesis. 176. rapuit, quickly kindled. — fomite, in thefiieV 177. Cererem is by metonomy fov fiuimenium. — undis. A. 248; H. 420. — Cerealia arma, i.e. the hand-mill, kneading-trough, and baking-dishes. 178. fessi rerum, wearij of fortune. A. 218, c; H. 399, III, 2. — receptas, rescued from the sea. 179. torrere, to parch, so as to make it more easy for the grinding {frangere saxo). 181. pelago, o'er the sea. A. 227, d; H. 392, I. — petit, takes in. — si quem, if he can see Antheus anyichere, lit. any Antheus. 182. videat. A. 334, /; H. 529, II. 1. — Phrygias= Troianas, Troy being comprehended by Phrygia Minor. — biremis : an an- achronism. 183. arma. The arms would flash. 184. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 185. armenta is used, strictly of oxen, also of horses, and even of apes by Pliny. 187. hie, 7?ereaf. — manu. A. 248; H. 420. Yov the Pleonasm. A. p. 298 : H. 636, III. 188. fidus quae tela gerebat Achates is not a mere stop-gap, but shows the accidental nature of the circumstance. Achates attended Aeneas as armour-bearer. 190. cornibus limits alta. A. 245; H. 416 — volgus depends on sternit. There are in 190 and 191 several military allusions. 191. miscet, throivs into confusion. — telis limits ac/ens. 192. prius-quam. Tmesis. — victor. A. 88, c ; H. 441, 3. 193. fundat . . . aequet. A. 327; H. 520, I. 2. — humi, on the ground. A. 258, d ; H. 426, 2. Other words in which the locative has survived are belli, militiae, ruri, vesperi, foris. 194. Hinc refers to time =postea, then. — in = iJiter. 50 AENEIBOS. 195. deinde with dividit. — quae cadis onerarat, had stored in casks. A Vergiliau inversion for quibus cadus onerarat. A. 248, c; H. 421, III. N. 1. Cadis is dative. A. 225, d; H. 384, 2. — onerarat = oyieraverai. — A^cestes, tlie king of Sicily, was born of a Trojan mother, and had entertained the Trojans during the winter just passed. 196. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. — Trinacrio, i.e. at Drepa- num, wlience they set sail on the present voyage. — heros is emphatically placed in apposition to Acestes. 198. enim implies an omitted proposition, and I am going to encourage you, for. — scnte may betaken KS=praeteritorum and limiting^malorum l)y A. 207, N.; H. 443, N. 3, or with ignari sumus^ we are not inexperienced ere now in ills. — malorum. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 199. passi graviora. [rje) having suffered heavier {icoes). 200. Scyllaeam rabiem, the ravinfi Scrjlla. A. 190; H. 395, N. 2. — penitus with sonantis, deep-soundinr/. 201. Siccestis = accessistis. A. 128; H. 235, 3. — Cyclopea is so written in all the MSS. 202. experti, sc. est is. All these events are described in the third book. — maestum timorem, sorrow and fear. 203. et = efiaw. — haec refers to their present sufferings.— olim = aliquando in prose. 205. tendimus, sc. cursum. — in Latium. Vergil forgets that Aeneas did not know the name of his future kingdom. — fata. This is related in the second and third books. 20G. fas, sc. est, it is fated. 208. talia voce refert, such words he speaks, i.e. hiding the sorrow at his heart. — curis. A. 245 ; H. 416. 209. voltu. A. 248; H. 420. — premit, keeps concealed.— corde. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 210. Illi is emphatic in contrast with Aeneas. — praedae dapi- busque futuris, the prey that is to be their banquet. Cf. N. on 54. 211. tergora, the skin. — costis. A. 243; H. 413, N. 1. — vis- cera, the flesh, anything beneath the skin. NOTES. 61 212. pars . . . secant. A. 205, c; H. 461, 1. Sc. viscera.— veribus. A. 248; H. 420. — trementia, still quivering. 213. litore. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. — aena, caldrons, either in which to boil the meat (but in Homer this was always roasted) or to supply hot water for bathing. 214. Turn . . . ferinae, then loith food they recruit their strength and stretched on the grass fill themselves ivith good old ivine and rich ve?u"6on. — victu. A. 248; H. 420. — implentur is middle voice and = se implent. 215. Bacchi is for vini by metonomy. For the case, A. 223; H. 410, V. 1. — ferinae. Compare vitulina, veal; agnina, lamb. 216. exempta, sc. est. — epulis. Cf . victu in v. 214. — mensae remotae, sc. sunt. Vergil is thinking of his own day when at a dinner the tables were brought in and taken out ; of course the stranded Trojans had no tables at all. 217. sermone. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 218. inter governs spem and metum. — sen . . . sive = utrum, an. — vivere, sc. illos. Poets and late prose writers often omit the subject of an infinitive. — credant. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. 219. extrema pati = 2>e/-/re. — nee iam exaudire vocatos, and no longer hear though called ; probably an allusion to the con- clamatio. 220. plus is especially appropriate because he is mourning for lost friends. — Oronti. A. 64 ; H. 68. 221. casum gemit, beivails the ill fate. The accus. after gemit is poetic — secum, ivith himself, i.e. not openly. Construe with gemit. 223. finis, an end of their mourning. — aethere summo, from the height of heaven. 225. sic, even so, i.e. with eyes fixed on the earth. — vertice. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 226. regnis may be either dative or ablative. 227. talis iactantem curas, with reference to sic constituit. — pectore, A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 2. 228. tristior, sadder than her loont. A. 93, a; H. 444, 1. — lacrimis. A. 248, c ; H. 421, II. — oculos. A. 240, c ; H. 378. 52 AENEIDOS. 229. qui regis, thou tcho rulest. — Tes hominumque de- lumque, i.e. the universe, the object of terres also. 231. meus Aeneas, sc. ijotuit. — in, a^ams^ — committere. A. 288, a; H. 537, 1. — Venus means these questions to be an- swered negatively. 232. quibus is dative. A. 224 ; H. 384. 233. ob Italiam, i.e. because Juno is set against their entering Italy. — clauditur. The subjunctive clanclatur is more common- A. 319 ; H. 500, I. 234. hinc, i.e. from these Trojans. — Romanos, sc. /ore. — volventibus annis = volventibus se annis, in the course of years. 235. revocato, restored. — Teucii. Teiicer was the first king of Troy. 236. omni dicione, ioith full poiver. — tenerent. A. 319; H. 500, I. 237. poUicitus, sc. e.s. — quae te sententia vertit, ivhat (jieio) purpose has changed thee .^ Vergiliau inversion for cur senten- tiam vertisti? 238. Hoc, sc. promisso. 239. solabar = so/a?ido lenieham. — idMiB contraria fata re- pendens, balancing hostile fates loith fates, 8c. meliorihus. 240. E'en now the same ill fortune folloics them. 242. Antenor was a nephew of Priam, and had led a colony of Troiani and Eneti after the ruin of Troy to Venetia. ,See Livy, I. 1. — Achivis. A. 243, b ; H. 434, N. 1. 243. intima, i.e. lying far up the Adriatic, for Antenor would not go inland. — tutus: opposed to tot casibus actos. 244-4(!. fontem . . . sonanti, the fountain of the Timavus, whence through nine sources loith a mountaiti's mightij roar the sea goes bursting up and overwhelms the felds v:ith the roaring main.—yxndie, i.e. from the river. — mare. Mr. Nettle- ship thinks this was the local name of the river itself. 247. Hie, i.e. in this region. — tam en, i.e. in spite of these diffi- culties. — urbem Patavi. The detinitive genitive (A. 214,/; H. 390, VI.) is not so common as apposition. NOTES. ^^ 248. nomen dedit, viz. Fene^i. — arma fixit as a sign that warfare was over. 249. compostus for compositus, by syncope. A. p. 298; H. 635, 2. 250. nos, i.e. Venus and her son Aeneas. 251. infandum, O cruel icron;/ .' parenthetic and exclamatory. A. 240, d; H. 381 and 557.— unius= Juno ms. 252. prodimur, loe are forsaken (by Jupiter). — oris. A. 243, &;^H. 414. 253. Is this the reivard of virtue? Dost thou thus restore vs to our empire ? The re- of reponis does not imply putting back, but putting in the proper place ; so reddere epistulam, referre ad scnatum, renuntiare patribus. 254. 0111 = ^i. A. 100, a\ H. 186, III. foot-note. — subridens, smiling gently on her. A. 224; H. 384. 255. voltu. A. 248; H. 419, III. — quo. A. 248; H. 420. 25G. dehinc. Cf. 131, N. Note the change of tense. 257. metu, dative for metui. A. 227; H. 385, II. — Cytherea. See Vocab. — manent . . . tibi, unchanged stand the destinies of thy peoptle, as thou icouldst. 258. tibi. ethical dative. A. 236; H. 389. — promissa, i.e. by fate. — Lavini = Lavinii. 250. sublimen, etc., is in reference to the apotheosis of Aeneas. 260. magnanimus = the Homeric /ae-ya^vjixo?, fj.eya\T^TOip. — neque me sententia vertit. Cf. 237, N. 261. Hie, he, i.e. Aeneas. — tibi, be sure. Ethical dative. — <\UdindiO = qua n do quidem, since. — remordet. A. 321; H. 516. 2(!2. longius et volvens, and unrolling farther. A metaphor from the ancient book, which must needs be unrolled in order to be read. 263. Italia = in Italia. — f eroces, ivarlike. 264. mores, institutions, towjs. — viris. A. 225; H. 384, II. — ponet is applied by zeugma to both mores ( = impose) and moenia (= build). 54 AENEIBOS. 2fi5. Latio = in Latio. — regnantem. i.e. continuing to reign. — videritis future perfect indicative. A. 328; H. 519, II. 1. 26G. terna is not poetic for tria, as often; for when a word used only in the plural has a true plural meaning, it properly takes the distributive numerals. — Rutulis subactis. Dative of reference. 2G7. lulo is attracted into the case of cui. A. 231, h ; H. 3S7, N. 1. 2G8. dum . . . regno, lohile Ilium's state stood firm by royal su-ay. A. 248; H. 41i>, III. 269. Yolvendisraensihns, in the cycle of months. The gerund in this and other passages almost supplies the want of a Latin present participle passive. The whole line is poetical for tri- ginta annos. 270. imperio = mperando. — Lavini. Cf. v. 258. 271. transferet, sometime during the thirty years. — Longam Albam, Alba Lonya, i.e. the lony ivhite city. — muniet, s/iall build and fortify. 272. Hie, i.e. at Alba Longa. — iam, /rom this point. — regna- bitur, there shall be kingly sioay. — annos. A. 256; H. 379. 273. gente sub Hectorea. Regnabitur being impersonal, we might have expected gente ab H. The term Hectorea is quite loosely used = Trojan, as Hector was no ancestor of the Romans, but merely a prominent Trojan. — regina sacerdos, the priestess queen, i.e. priestess of royal birth. A. 184; H. 363. 274. Marte gravis, pregnant by Mars. — geminam prolem, i.e. Romulus and Remus. — partu dabit, shall give birth to. A. 248; H. 419, III. — Ilia, commonly called Rhea Sylvia, a Vestal virgin, was the daughter of Numitor, king of Alba. 275. lupae nutricis. Romulus is described as clad in a wolf's f skin in token of his grateful remembrance of the care of his i nurse, the she-wolf. 276. excipiet gentem, shall succeed to the rule. — Mavortia, from Mavors or Mars. 277. Romanes dicet, shall call its people Romans. NOTES. 65 278. His, to these Komans. — metas rerum, territorial hounds ofpoioer. 279. sine fine, endless. — quin, even. 280. enumeratio partium with Polysyndeton. — metu fatigat, keeps in turmoil loithfear, i.e. her jealousy for Carthage. 281. consilia in melius referet, loill change her plans for the better. A. 153.— fcvebit. Cf. 18. 282. rerum dominos, as lords of the universe. — gentem toga- tam, the nation of the goion. 283. sic placitum, sc. est mi/ii. — lustris { = annis) labenti- bus. Cf. volvendis mensibus. 284. domus Assaraci, i.e. the Romans, descended from Aeneas, the great-grandson of Assaracus. — Phthiam. Phthia was the home of Achilles. — Mycenas, Mycenae, the home of Aga- memnon. 285. Argis is best taken as locative ablative (A. 258 c; H. 425, II.), but it may be construed by A. 227; H. 385, I. Argos was the home of Diomede. 286. pulchra origine, of illustrious origin. A. 251; H. 419,* II., — Caesar, i.e. Augustus or Octavianus. ^. --j^ 287. qui terminet, ivho shall bound. A. 317 ; H. 497, I. -■ ^^ 288. lulius. When adopted by his uncle, the Dictator, Octa-f^'* vianus became Gains lulius Caesar. 289. Hunc, i.e. Augustus. — caelo, poetic abl. of place = a(Z caelum. — s-poliis Orientis onustum. Augustus, b.c. 31, re- turned to Rome after the victory at Actium and the conquest of Egypt. 290. vocabitur votis, because deified by the Romans. — hie quoque, he also, as well as Aeneas. 'X^OL/^ 291. turn, during his administration. — positis bellis. A. 255; ^^ H. 431. ■ V**^ 292. cana Fides, ancient Faith, called cana because especially honoured by the old Romans. Fides was older than Jupiter. — Vesta represents the ever-burning hearth fire or home of the 56 AENEIDOS. Roman people, her worship being coeval with that of the Penates. — Quirinus was the name given the deified Romulus. 2l);>. ferro et compagibus artis, r/rim v:ith their closely melded plates of iron. Hendiadys. See Gl. 294. Belli, Furor, personifications. — impius, minatural, with special reference to the horrors of civil war, which Augustus ended. — portae. The gates of the Temple of Janus were closed in times of peace, which happened for the third time in Roman history after the battle of Actium. 295. centum stands for any indefinitely great number. . 296. ore cruento. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 297. ait, sc. luppiter. — M.aia. genitum, Maia's son, Mercury, the gods' messenger. A. 244, a ; H. 415, II. 298. ut pateant in the present tense after the historical pres- ent deniittit shows the immediate object of sending Mercury. 299. hospitio and Teucris are both datives diitev pateant. A. 233; H. 390. — nescia fati. Could then Dido thwart fate? — Dido was the reputed founder of Carthage. 300. finibus. A. 243, a\ H. 414, N. 1. — arceret shows the remoter purpose of sending Mercui-y. A. 287, e : H. 495, II. 301. remigio. A. 248: H. 420. — Libyae ... oris, qaickhf lighted on the coasts of Libya. Note the force of the perfect. What case is oris ? 302. pomint = deponunt. — 'Poeniy derived from ^olj't^, shows the Phoenician origin of the Carthaginians. 303. deo volente, at the vxill of heaven. — quietum, benignam. Note the position of these corresponding words at the end of following verses. 305. volvens = qui volvebat. 30(!. ut primum lux alma data est, .so sooji as the genial light of day icas granted. —exir^. The four infinitives in the sen- tence depend on constitait in 309. 307. vento, by stress of wmcZ. — accesserit aiul teneant de- pend on quaerere. A. 334; H. 529, I. — oras is governed by ad in composition. NOTES. 57 308. inculta, a desert. A. 188, R. ; H. 441, 2. 309. constituit is pred. of Aeneas. — exacta, his discoveries. 310. in convexo nemorum, in the holloxo of the groves. 312. comitatus, accompanied. Many deponents have passive participles, but this form is probably passive of comitare, which is found in Ovid. A. 135, h ; H. 231, 2. — Achate. This ablative of the agent is rare and poetical, except with comitatus. A. 248 ; H. 415, 1. 313. bina = duo. Homer's heroes bore two spears. 314. Cui is dative after obvia. A. 234, a ; H. 391. — mater, i.e. Venus. — obvia, poetic for obviam. A. 191; H. 443. — silva. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. 315. virginis arma, i.e. light ones, such as would be suitable for a virgin. 316. Spartanae, sc. virginis. — vel qualis. Construe — ?;eZ talis qualis Threissa Harpalyce est o^wn&fatigut, etc. 317. Harpalyce, daughter of Harpalycus, king of Thrace. See Vocab. — fuga. A. 253; H. 424. — Hebrum. Some read. Eurum. It has been objected (1) that the Hebrus is a slow river, (2) that even if it were swift for a river, any huntress might easily outrun it. But the question is not whether the Hebrus is or is not swift, but whether Vergil thought it was. He puts it as the best known river of Harpalyce's native coun- try. Cf. Milton, Lycidas, 63, 'down the sioift Hebrus to the Lesbian shore.' 318. unieris = o6 luneris ; perhaps dative by A. 228; H. 386. 319. dederat diffundere. Infinitive of purpose, borrowed from Greek idiom, but common in Vergil and Horace. A. 273; H. 533, II. 2. 320. genu, sinus. Accus. of specification. A. 240, c; H. 378 and 1. — collecta is taken by some as a middle, in which case sinus would be direct object. 321. prior. A. 191 ; 93, a ; H. 443 ; 444. — monstrate, sc. earn. 322. vidistis si. A. 306; H. 508, 1 and 4. — quam= aliquem. 323. maculoso is Madvig's conjecture for maculosae. 58 AENEIDOS. 324. clamore, i.e. canum. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. 325. Sic Venus, sc. inquit. — contra, in reply. — orsus, Bc.est. 32G. audita, sc. est. — mihi, as in Greek. A. 232, a and h ; H. 388, 4. 327. ought to be followed by a vocative, but Aeneas cannot at once think of the rii^ht name with which to address her. — quam te {es.se) memorem, lohom shall I call thee? A. 268; H. 486, II. — tibi voltus, sc. est. A. 231 ; H. 387. 328. hominem sonat, sounds like a man^s. A. 238, a ; H. 371, II. N. 32!). an. A. 211, h ; H. 353, 2, N. 4. — Phoebi soror, i.e. Diana. — an . . . una, or one of the race of the ^lyniphs. Vergil usually joins unus with the genitive. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397, 3. 330. Sis . . . leves . . . doceas. A. 267 ; H. 484, 1. — felix, pro- pitious, explained by the following clause. — quaecumque, sc. es. Vocative. 3.31. tandem, to be joined here with iacteniur, in questions laj'S stress. 332. iactemur. A. 334; H. 529, I. 333. vento et fluctibus, by the ivind and leaves. 334. multa, many a. — dextra. Ablative of instrument with cadet, which is virtually passive. A. 248 ; H. 420. 335. Venus, sc. dixit. — honore. A. 245, a ; H. 421, III. X. 2. The idea is, " No goddess am I, but a Tyrian huntress." 336. virginibus. A. 231; H,387. — gestare. A. 270; H. 538. 3.37. purpureo: epitheton ornans. — alte, hifjh on our legs. — cothurno. The cothurnus or hunting-boot was worn to protect the feet and legs. 338. Agenoris urbem, a city of Agenor, twin brother of Belus and founder of Sidon, from whom Dido was sprung. 339. fines, sc. su7it. — genus, in apposition with fines, has its true antecedent in some word implied in Lihyci. 340. Imperium regit, holds simri. Imperium is not concrete in good Latin and = empire. — Hido. See Vocab. — Does Tyria belong to Dido or urbe .^ — urbe. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. NOTES. 59 341. Longa est iniuria, the story of her injury is long.— longae, sc. simt. 343. Huic. A. 223; H. 390, II. N. 2. — Sychaeus. Contrast with isT/chaeus in 348. So, often in foreign proper names.— agri. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. The conjecture of Huet, auri, is very tempting, the Phoenicians being not a pastoral or agri- cultural, but a commercial people. 344. Phoenicum limits ditissirnus. A. 216, a, 2; H. 397, 3.— miserae, hapless, sc. Dido. See note on mihi in 326. It is used proleptically with reference to the sequel of the story. 345. pater, i.e. Belus. — intactam, sc. 7io?ic. — primis omini- bus, loith the first auspices of wedlock : the clause is explana- tory of intactam dederat. Such auspices were a necessary part of a Roman marriage. — iugarat = iugaverat. 347. scelere. A. 253; H. 424. — ante alios . . . omnes, a man in sin more ynonstrous than all others. A Greek pleonastic form for the simpler Latin aliis immanior. 348. Quos = Sychaeus and Pygmalion. — inter. A. 263, N.; H. 569, II. 1. — medius. Where our idiom would use the adverb. 349. impius, unnatural, because violating all natural claims. — aras, i.e. of the Penates. — amore. A. 245; H. 416. 350. securus amorum, regardless of the love of his sister. A. 218, c; H. 399, 111. 1. 351. et aegram . . . amantem, loickedly feigning many a pre- tence, and icith idle hope (of seeing him again) he mocked the heart^iefirwife. ^3. Ipsa, i.e. unsummoned. — inhumati, iinburied, and so despised by the shades, and increasing the enormity of the crime. 354. modis with pallida. A. 248; H. 419, III. 355. crudelis aras. The altars are cruel from their connection with the cruel deed. 356. caecum is here passive, as often. — domus, genitive. 357. celerare suadet= the prose vt celeret. A. 331, a ; H. 535^ IV. — patria. A. 243, b; H. 434, N. 1. 60 AEN FIDOS. 358. auxilium viae, as an aid for her journey. — tellure. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 300. His commota, roused to action by these things. — fugam sociosque parabat. Zeugma. 361. Conveniunt, sc. omnes as antecedent to quibus. 362. paratae, sc. sunt. 303. avari is emphatic at the end of the line — his greed had been balked. 304. pelage. A. 258, g ; H. 425, II. 1. — dux, sc. est. 365. locos. A. 258; H. 380, 3. — cernis, thou seest, seems better than cernes, i.e. thou wilt see from the hill-top, for nunc cannot mean presodly. 307. mercati, sc. sunt. — solum quantum = tantum soli quan- \ turn. Ribbeck regards these two verses as unfinished. — Byrsara. Byrsa was the name of the citadel of Cartha.i^e. The story was that they cut tlie hide so as to make one thong, while the ])iirgain was that she should have as much land as could be compassed by a bull's hide. 308. possent. A. 341 ; H. 528, I. 369. vos, sc. es^is. — tandem. See note on 331. 370. talibus, i.e. talibus {his) verbis respondit. 371. imo. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. 372-74. //' O goddess, going back, I should tell the tale from the very beginning, and if there were leisure for you to hear the story of our disasters, ere I end Vesper lo ill close Olymi^is, and lay the day to rest. Si pergam would regularly take componat as apodosis, but componet makes greater rhetorical vividness and indicates the certainty of the conclusion. — et vacet, imper- sonal, sc. tibi. — audire. A. 273; H. 533, II. — ante, before I finish. — clause Olympo. A. 255, H. 431. 375. Nos is object of adpulit in 377. — Troia, after vectos. A. 258, a ; H. 428, II. — vestras, i.e. tuas et civiuni tuorum. 37(). iit per =pervenit ad. A. 306 ; H. 508, 4. 377. ferte sua, by its casx«d occurrence. It was not by any design of their own, but by this accidental storm, that tlie Trojans had come to Carthage. — oris. A. 255, 6 ; H. 380, II. 4. NOTES. 61 378. Sum plus Aeneas, I am Aeneas, god-lover. — eyi, from the midst of. 379. classe. Locative ablative. — fama, ablative of cause. — super aethera, in heaven above. 380. Italiam patriam. Dardanus, his ancestor, was born there. — genus ab love summo, mijline {sprung) from supreme Jove. The descent was: I. Jupiter; II. Dardanus; III. Ericli- thonius; IV. Tros; V. Assaracus; YI. Capys; VII. Anchises; VIII. Aeneas. 381. Bis denis = his decem. Cf. 71. A. 95, c ; H. 174, 2, 2). — navibus. Instrument. 382. matre dea, m,y goddess mother, Venus. — fata = o?-acz*?a. 383. vix = aegre, and is to be taken with supersunt. 384. ignotus, i.e. here in Africa. Cf. 379, super aethera notus. 385. Europa atque Asia. Abl. of separation. —plura que- rentem passa, sc. eum, is a Greek construction for j^assa eum queri plura, alloicing him to complain no more. 387. Quisquis es. A. 309, c ; H. 476, 3. 388. qui adveneris, since thou art come, causal, to be taken closely with hand invisus. A. 320, e; H. 517.— urbem. Limit of motion. 390. namque, and I say this, /or. —reduces, sc. esse.—re- latam, sc. esse. 391. et in tutum . . . actam (esse), and home into safe har- bour hy a change of toind. — Aquilonibus, like Euro in 383, is used for wind in general. 392. vani,/a?se, i.e. mere pretenders. — diOCViQre, sc. me. 393 seq. Behold yon twice six swans joyful in line, whom but now Jove's bird swooping from the height of heaven scattered o'er the clear sky; now they seem in long array, some to be choosing their ground, some tg be looking down upon the ground they have chosen : as they returning sport with flapping wings and with their choir have girdled the sky and have given forth their song, even so thy ships and thy youthful comrades are either safe in port or are entering its mouth under full sail. 62 AENEIDOS. — bis senos. These birds of Venus correspond to the twelve missing ships. — lovis ales, i.e. the eagle. — The aetheria plaga is higher than the coeluin. 402. avertens, sc. w. — rosea cervice refulsit, flashed forth with the beauty of her rosy neck. 403. ambrosiae comae. The gods used ambrosia for anoint- ing the hair. — vertice, from her head. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 404. pedes ad imos. Note that her hunting dress is changed into the long tlowiug robe worn by divinities. 405. et vera . . . dea, and the true fjoddess ivas revealed by her gait. Tlie gods glided along with very easy motion. 406. fugientem, sc. e«?n. fugio is often used of any quick motion. 407. Quid, ichy .? — totiens must be taken somewhat laxly, as Venus had appeared to Aeneas only once before. See Book II. 589. — quoque with crudelis, also, as well as Juno. 408. dextrae. A. 224; H. 384.— iungere. A. 270 ; H. 538. 409. veras, true, sincere, as become a mother and son. 410. Talibus. A. 248; H. 419, III. — incusat, sc. earn. 411. gradientis, sc. eos. — aere, like the Homeric arjp. See Od. VII. 14. A. 248; H. 420. 412. circum — fudit. Tmesis. A. p. 298 ; H. 630, V. 3. — dea, i.e. as only a goddess could. Cf . the rhetorical insertion of heros in 1%, of dea in 692. 415. Paphum. Limit of motion. See Vocab. 416. laeta, because her son is safe and his future is assured. — templum, sc. est. — centum. Vergil, with doubtful taste, has made Homer's one altar into an hundred. Cf. Od. VIII. .'i62 seq. — SsihSieo. The Sabaei were a people of Arabia Felix, and famed for tlie products of their land. -^18. Corripuere viam, they sped their ivay. — qvia., ichere. 419. qui plurimus urbi imminet, which hangs over the city with mighty mass. Plurimus, lit., very large. For position. A. 200, d; H. 453, 5. .. ^*^^ NOTES. 63 420. aspectat. Personification. — axGesheremesins.buildin^s, toioers. ...,<■ y- w^'^ e. <,,«..<. .^ 422, strata viarum = s^ra^as vias, paved streets, borrowed ^^ ^ from Lucretius. Cf. prima virorum and convexo nemorum, 310. t 42,3. Instat, sc. ope?-/, deTeloped in the following lines. — /ardentes, eagerly. — -pSiTS. A. 184; H. 363. — ducere, extend, historical infinitive. -4>uJ(i-v-»-^ "'^^ ""^ 424. moliri, build. — Bxcem is the citadel proper. teTt-x^"'*^ L^^ 425. concludere, sc. ewm. A. 195, &; H. 451, 1. ^^'^^;f~^^^-2^^^^^^ 426. iura constituunt magistratusque legunt. Zeugma. The line comes in rather awkwardly, and is hardly consistent with 507, from which it is perhaps made up. 427. effodiunt,niteraJly true, the harbour of Carthage being ^^ artificial.— _lata, broad, instead of the more common alta, is from Ribbeck, following the Vatican MS. — theatris. A stone^^;,,^-^ theatre is a thorough anachronism. '' ' '~ 1^"' 429. rupibus, i.e. the quarries. — scaenis. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. — alta, lofty. " -y-c. 430. qualis. Supply, as antecedent for the complete con- struction, 2'alis labor Foenos exercet, such labour occupies the Carthafjinians, as when in early summer o'er the blooming meads beneath the sun labour stirs the bees, when forth they lead the full-grown young of the race, or when they pack the liquid honey and fill their cells full to bursting of nectar sweet, or take the burdens of the workers as they come, or forming line drive from their hives the drones, a lazy tribe. Hotly glows the work, and the sweet-scented honey is fragrant of thyme. — liquentia, from liquor, not liqueo. — venientiim = venientium. — fra- grantia mella. Note the force of the plural. 437. 0, happy ye, ichose icalls already rise ! Thinking of his own city that is to be, far away. — suspicit, looks up at. ^ -, r^r,' 440. per medios, sc. viros. — miscet, sc. .se from 439. — neque cernitur uUi, and is seen by none. Rare dative. A. 232, a and ^'- b ; H. 388, 4. 441. umbrae, in respect of shade. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. 64 AENEIDOS. ^ )A~*-^ V^' 442. quo loco primum, to be closely joined, primum here - means on their arrival. '• '^^ 443. "Dug np the sign, which Queen Juno had taught them to expect, the head of a spirited steed." This corresponded with the sow which Aeneas was to find in Italy. 444. monstrarat = mons^miJera^ — fore depends on mo/istra- raMmderstood. ^^^v.y« - ■^^• 445. facilem victu, easy in livinrj, i.e. easy to be supported, wealthy, the horse being an emblem of wealth. Cf. Homer's peia C,ti>ovT€<;. 447. condebat, loas building ; it was in course of erection. — donis . . . divae, rich with gifts and ivith the presence of the goddess, i.e. rich with gifts sanctified by her divinity. 448. cui, dat. of reference, lo/iose. — gradibus. A. 258, a; H. 412, 2. — nexae, sc. sunt. ^^^'^> ^v>u-..>^^*-<>- - 449. aere. A. 248; H. 420. — trabes, door posts, lit. beams. — J foribus. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. The idea is 'Bronze was the threshold to which the steps led, and the door posts were sheathed with bronze, and the hinge creaked on the brazen doors.' i/" 452. ausus, sc. c.s<. — rebus. A. 254, h; H. 425, 1), N. O^ " 453. sub, roithin, as being under its roof.— lustrat singula, Ql^' he surveys the things one by one. >4>*^ 454. reginam opperiens. Nothing shows how he knew she was coming. — quae fortuna sit urbi, ichat prosperity the city has. A. 340; H. 528, 1. — urbi. Dative of possessor. 4.55. artificum manus inter se, the skill of the rival artists. — laborem, the magnitude. 451). videt. These representations were either decorations painted in the vestibule or were carved on the pediment. — ex ordine, with pugnas, as inter se with manus. 457. iam, already. — fama explains how these things came to be known at Carthage. 458. Atridas. Agamemnon and Menelaus. — saevum. Achilles hated the sons of Atreus as much as he did his enemy Priam. — ambobus, the sons of Atreus and Priam. NOTES. 65 460. laboris, sad tale. A. 218, a ; H. 399, 3. ; u J 461. En Priamus. A,. 2067 c; H. 368, 3. — Sunt hie . . . laudi, even here icorth has its^oivn rewards. — sua. A. 196, c; H.449, 2. — laudi. A. 231 ; H. 387. - : ' 462. rerum, for misfortune, objective genitive. A. 217 ; H. 396, III. — mortalia, human affairs. 463. aliquam salutem, some deliverance. — tibi is addressed \^ to Achates as alone present, but really applying to all tUe ^ Trojans. - v'-'^ r ,t\ ' 464. atque . . . inani, and feeds his mind on the unreal pic- tare. Another anachronism. 465. multa. A. 240, a ; H. 371, II. 4<36. The scenes depicted were : 1. The victory of the Trojans under Hector; 2. The victory of the Greeks under Achilles; 3. The death of Rhesus ; 4. That of Troilus ; 5. The prayer of the Trojan women before Minerva's statue ; 6. That of Priam before Achilles ; 7. The fray with Memnon ; and 8, with the Amazons. It will be seen that they go by pairs. — uti, hoiv. — Pergama, here = Troy, of which it was a part. 467. hac, sc. parte, here, in this picture. — fugerent, etc. A. 334; H. 529, I. \,n>1>JK V~^«--^- .^^^.^^^.^^^^u^.'-u- - 468. Phryges, sc. fugerent. — curru, A. 248 ; H. 420. — crista- tUS. Homer's lnn6KOiJLo<;. s^ 469. niveis tentoria velis. Tents of snow-white canvas, is an anachronism, for Homer's men had wood huts. 470. primo somno, by their first sleep, which was the deepest. 471. Tydides, Diomedes. ^n^.^^< >^^\ -'-v^ 472. ardentis equos, fiery steeds.— in castra, i.e. of the Greeks. 473. gVLsta-ssent (= gustavisse^it) . . . bibissent. Subjunctives as representing the thought in Diomedes' mind. A. 327 ; H. 520, II. An oracle had declared that should the horses of Rhesus eat the grass or drink the water of the Xanthus, Troy would be impregnable. 66 AENEIDOS. 474. amissis armis, i.e. all but his sj^ear. See 478. — Troilus was the yuuiigL-st sou of Priam, slaiu ])y Achilles. 475. inpar congressus Achilli, i.e. uo match to Achilles. A. 228 ; H. 38(5. 47G. curru is dative. — resupinus, i.e. falleu ou his back. 477. huic. Dat. of disadvantage. A. 235, a; H. 384, 4, N. 2. 478. versa, tamed down, trailiiifj. — pulvis. The loug i is archaic. 479. Interea, meanwhile, i.e. in another picture. — non aequae, unpi'o2')itioits. 480. crinibus passis. A. 255; H. 431. — Iliades, The Trojan women, a patronymic. — pepJoHMK* A costly and elegant r9he. Such were often presented to the gods by suppliants. ;;\ f ^- ""^^ •A 481. suppliciter, in suppliant guise. — tunsae, beating. Cf. 320. Both this and the dishevelled hair are signs of grief. — pectora. A. Ill, N. ; H. 378. dL -f - ^^ <- 482. The goddess Pallas and her statue are confused. — solo. A. 258,/; H. 425, N. 3. — aversa, averting her face. 483. This line suggests the mangled state of the body. Note tlie use of the tenses. 4S4. auro, for gold. A. 252, d; H. 422. Priam gave Achilles ten talents, 48(j. currus, i.e., of Achilles, to which the body of Hector had been bound. 487. Priam went into the Grecian camp to ransom the body of Hector, who is much more prominent in Vergil than in Homer. The fact that he was reputed to be a connection of the Roman race brought him into exaggerated prominence. 488. Himself, too, he kneic mingling in fray loith the Achaean chiefs. A. 248, o, K. ; H. 419, 1, i), (2). ^ ',V r '^ . , ^^ 489. Eoas acies, the Eastern bands, i.e. Indian Ethiopians led by Memnon, swarthy (nigri) son of Tithonus and Aurora. — arma, made for him by Vulcan at the entreaty of his mother, Aurora. yOTES. 67 490. Later traditions, but not Homer, represent the Amazons as fighting on the side of Troy. — lunatis peltis. A. 251; Hw'. 419, II. CA£>0JL.o.5:^B**f ^^O^^fCVl^ 492. fastening her golden belt beneath her bared breast. v) 493. bellatrix, a loarrior and maid though she be, she dares to fight loith men. Appositions. 494. Haec miranda videntur, these things seem marvellous. — Dardanio is especially appropriate, as Aeneas had been lost in a Trojan reverie. . ' « > C 495. obtuui -sfith defixus. 496. ad templum. Note the preposition with the accus. after the compound verb. — forma. A. 253; H. 424. Ju^ \ ft^f^"^-^^ " 497. incessit, has advanced. Cf. 46 and 405. 498. Dido is compared with Diana, who was worshipped with especial honour at Sparta. — Eurotae Cynthi. See Vocab. 499. Diana. Cf. Sychaeus, 343, N. — choros, c/iomZ da?ices.— quam secutae, foUoioLng lohoriiUji,,^...^ 501. umero. A. i^V; H. 425, 11. 1. — gradiens, i.e. as she walks. — deas, the nymphs. 502. Latonae. Latona was the mother of Diana. — gaudia, as her mother. 504. instans . . . futuris, urging on the work of her kinc/dom that ivas to be. A. 228; H. 386. C>^Vv^J.<^J.^,.^.^/^■-vo<^'^*w- 505. foribus'divae, i.e". of the chapel within the temple con- taining the goddess's image. — media testudine templi, in the middle of the vaulted temple. ^ , , ' , 506. armis, i.e. armed men. — solio alte subnixa, lit., lifted up from underneath on high by a throne, i.e. on a lofty throne. 507. lura, decisions on cases laid before her for judgment. — leges, statutes. "508. sorts trahebat, chose them by lot. 509. concursu magno, i.e. of Carthaginians. 510. fortem Cloanthum. Cf. Addison, Spectator, No. 273, * Vergil falls infinitely short of Homer in the characters of his 68 AENEIDOS. Poem, both as to Variety and Novelty, Aeneas is indeed a perfect Character, but as for Achates, tho' he is styled the Hero's Friend, he does nothing in the whole Poem which may deserve that Title. Gyas, Mnestheus, Sergestus and Cloanthus are all of them Men of the same Stamp and Character, — For- temque G]iav,fortemque Cloanthum.' 512. penitusque, etc., and had candied far aicaij to other shores, explaining dispulerat. — oras. A. 258; H. 380, 3. 513. Obstipuit belongs to both subjects ; percussus also. A. 187, a ; H. 439, 1. 514. avidi (A. 191; H. 443), they earjerbj longed. 515. res incognita, i.e. their ignorance of the real state of affairs, as shown by the questions in 517, 518. 516. Dissimulant, so. se adesse, they hide their presence (or C07ice«Z their emotions). — caiVa., enshrouding. « A^ 517. f ortuna, sc. sit. A. 334 ; H. 529, I. A^AA^ \f^^ 518. qviid, ichy. "^.'240, a; H. 454, 2. — cunctis nam. Yergil adds a clause to explain the questions. — cunctis, i.e. from the thirteen saved with Ilioneus. 519. ora,ntes vema,m, praying for grace. Of . 525. — clamore, amid shouting, probably that of the great crowd ; for surely loud clamour would not be the best way of attaining their end. '^520. introgressi, sc. sunt. — coram, sc. reginh. — dsita., sc. est. 521. maximus, the eldest of them ; sc. natu. — placido pectore. The calm dignity of Ilioneus is contrasted with the surrounding 523. iustitia, loith justice. A. 248; H. 420. — dedit governs both conderc and fremere as objects. — gentis has reference to the neighbouring African tribes. The more warlike the Africans, the more glory for Rome, who had overcome them. 524. maria vecti, borne over every sea. A. 237, d; H. 371, 52G. parce pio generi, spare a pious race. A. 227 ; H. 385, II. — propius, more favourably . NOTES. . 69 527. We are not come either with the sword to devastate the African homes or to plunder and to carry spoil to the shores. — populate. Infinitive of pur j)Ose. A. 273 ; H. 533, II. 528. venimus is what tense ? — raptas verjiere praedas. A^ 292, R.; H. 549, 5. cf^-^^-^-^ "--^ -^n ^^^ .. ^--^ j^ 529. vis, violence, sc. est — animo, sc. V'2^r$^>y^,tnv^v'<-^ VvM^ 530. Hesperiam, the evening land. Tne name was also ap- plied to Spain by tlie Romans. Sc. quam. 531. antiqua, old in story. — ubere, richness of soil. Homer's 532. Italus, who probably existed only in fable, had been -"^ king of the Oenotrians. — f ama, sc. est. ^ -fjL.y'-^l 533. gentem is by synecdoche for terram. hL^-^-^*-^'^''*^ 53i. Hie cursus fuit. These half-verses show (among other things) the unfinished state of the Aeneid. p^v-*-^ "wv—— ^ cr-t^-^V-> 535. adsurgens, of the rising of the star, subtly suggests also the rising of tlie waves. Orion arises about midsummer, and both at that time (cf. 756) and at his setting at the beginning of November the weather was often bad, hence his epithets of imbrifer, nimbosus, etc. 536. tulit, sc. nos.—penitus modifies di&»?(Zi«. — austris. A. 248; H. 420. l~^^^ c^-^-^-w^- - -» ' -- .^,. >^ 537. superante salo, the briny sea overpoicering us. A. 255; H. 431. 538. dispulit, sc. ?ios. — pauci, a. §canty remnant. — oris. «, A. 225, 6; H. 380, 4. X^^.^^ -|^-yv.-v>U^^ 'O-^nA' u^ ^^ o-tX^ 539. Quod genus hoc hominum. Abrupt transition with asyndeton. — quaeve hunc, etc., or ichat land so savage as-to- be-the-home-of this conduct ? o a '\lj^ 540. hospitio. A. 243^a ; H. 414. ^^-"^ '^^ ^^"^A ' ''^'' ' "^^^ 541. prima terra, o?i the edge of the strand.-^^^^nsisteie. A.21hb; H. 535, II. Cyt^^A? ' ^^^l ' 542 is an indirect compliment to Dido in acknowledging the power of Carthage. — mortalia, transferred epithet. Cf. 355 crudelis aras. TO AENEinOS. 543. at sperate, yet expect gods loho-f or get-not the right and the wrong. — sperate = ex^^ec^afe, so usecleveu in prose, milder ^ th2in.metulte. — decs, sc. /ore. .^ v>oi-'''— ^-'^^^ "^^v^ ' quo. A. 247; H. 417. X V 545. pietate, etc. A. 253 ; H. 424. — bello has reference to his ■ ' skill as a commander, and armis to his personal bravery. C^l*-'*-"*^ ' 54(i aura. A. 249; H. 421, I. "Feeding upon the air of 7/ heaven " = living, has become a poetical commonplace. U- v '-^^ I), 547. Mmons = in umbris ; amid the shades. ^ x^^-"*^ a^^ *^^ 54s. non metus, sc. est nobis; ice have no cause to dread. — ' J^ Officio. A. 253 i H. 424. — certasse = certavisse. — priorem. A. 1.91; H. 443. ' . \-x - 549. paeniteat. A. 207; H. 484, I. — sunt, sc. nobis. — qX,= e'tiam, moreover. ^y^^^^^^^~^ 551. ventis. A. 248 ; H. 420. — liceat. Subj. of desire. A. 2G7 ; H. 483. Sc. nobis.— subducere, i.e. on the shore. 552. silvis, ??? the icoods, local ablative. — stringere remos, Cf. Homer, Oc/. YII. 209, iTTo^uvouo-n' epcT/aa. , ^^ .. t'"*^' 553. datur, sc. ?io&/,s. — Italiam. Limit of motion. A. 258; H. 380, ;;. — sociis, sc. ?ios^r/.s-. — recepto in sense applies to sociis, though agreeing only with the chief subject. A. 187, a ; H. 439, 1. -^ ^^^J,,^. cU.)pX— -fl-^ ' 554. Itaham is emphatically repeated. — ut . . . petamus denotes the purpose of the expressiuns in 551 and 552, and si datur . . . tendere depends on it. 555. absumpta, sc. esf. — salus, safety, i.e. Aeneas. 550. spes luli, hope in lulus, i.e. hope in his living to found a great kingdom in Italy. — iam, any longer. L* 557. Sicaniae. See Yocab. It was named from the early in- habitants, the Sicani, more ancient than the Siculi. — paratas, ready for vs, already built. 558. advecti, sc. sumus. — Tegem, as our king, in place of the lost AeiK'as and lulus. — With petamus supply ut from 554. 659. Talibus, sc. verbis. — Ilioneus, sc. ae?. — cuncti, etc., NOTES. 71 with one mouth all the children of Dardanus shouted assent. Cf. Homer, IL I. 22, eV0' oAAoi fj-eu iravre? enev<t>riixr)<Tav 'A\aLoi. Note the effective nature of the short line. 561. voltum demissa, casting down her eyes. Cf. 320, N. 562. Solvite corde metum, free your hearts from fear, is #JK Vergilian variety lor solvite corda metu. — corde. A. 243, a; '^^ H. 414, I. — secludite, dis77iiss. A, 563. Kes dura, my hard fate, stern necessity. She had diffi-^^^ culty in keeping her ground in this hostile land, and also feared '^^J^\^ an attack from her brother Pygmalion. — talia moliri, to adopt '7^''^ such a course. 564. moliri shows the great reluctance with which she took such precautions. — custode is collective singular. So miles, the ^ soldiery; ?'osa, roses, etc. 4 ,, ^ ,'Jr~ x.v^*^"' 565. Aeneadum = Aeneadarum. — nesciat is sii,hj . of appeal, .-fyj— 4 * 567. obtusa adeo, so unfeeling, predicate. — Poeni i^s in appos. y^^ with the subject of gestamus. ra>«-<Xv*v^^V*''^^^^ ^^<^y^' .^C^^ 568. tain aversus, so remote. The notion is that Carthage is i:>6t^ not so cold a country that its people are lacking in human sympathy. 569. Saturnia bjvb, = Latium. Saturn was king of Latium during the golden age. 570. Erycis fini^ = Siciliam. Eryx is a mountain in Sicily.— optatis, you choose. 571. auxilio . . . iuvabo, I will dismiss you guarded by an escort and help you ivith my means. 572. Voltis et = etsi voltis. — pariter, on equal terms. — regnis = in his regnis. A. 258, /; H. 425, II. 1. 'Y~^~^t}^<LA. v>rU^>-^^- 573. TJrbem quam statuo, vestra est, the city xohich I am building is yours. Urbem is by inverse attraction drawn into the relative clause. A. 200, b ; H. 445, 9. Cf . Terence, Eunuchus, 653, Eunuchum quem dedisti nobis quas turbas dedit. 574. This verse is the motto of " The North American Review." ^^^^ c — mihi. A. 232, a and b ; H. 388, 4. — agetur. For the agreement see A. 205, b; H. 463, 3. 72 AENEIDOS. 575. JHoto = vento, as the same south wind would scarcelv , bring Aeneas to Carthage. . ' " t-^»-^ fv-»'-*..'w<^7^ 576. adforet. A. 2G7; H. '483, 1 and 2. — certos=Jidos, trusty persons. 577. lustrare, sc. eos. A. 331, a; H. 535, II. — extrema, so. loca. 578. si, to see if. — quibus is the indefinite, in an?/. — eiectus, i.e. by the sea. 579. animum is accus. of specification. 580. iamdudum ardebant, had been lonr/ and loerc still ?m- ^ patient. A. 277, b: H. 4Glt, II. 2. — erumpere nubem. Th^^- accusative is poetical. ' i 582. Nate dea, r/oddess born. A. 244, «; H. 415, 11.— ^ animo. Local abl. — sententia, /)»rpose. fij^ 583. tuta, sc. esse. — receptos, sc. esse. 584. unus, viz. Orontes. Cf. 113 seq. 585. submersum, sc. esse. — dictis. A. 224; H. 384. Cf. 390 seq. 586. fatus erat, i.e. Achates. 587. purgat, clears. Supply se from scindit. 588. Kestitit, etc. There stood Aeneas, and amid the clear light shone forth f/odlike in face and shoulders. \^ 589. OS umerosque. Accus. of specification. — deo. A. 234, a ; H. 391, 1. — namque . . . honores, for his mother had breathed {jy grace into her .son's Jioiring locks and the gloiving blooin of \ youth and joyous lustre into his eyes. 592. Venus adds such beauty to Aeneas as artists do to the materials on which they work. — manus, loorkmanship, hands of artists. 593. Parius lapis, Parian marble, famed for its beauty and ease in working. 594. cunctis. Dative of reference with iiipi'ovisus. 595. Coram, sc. vobis, before you. Note that Aeneas is not NOTES. T3 obliged to blow his own trumpet, this having been performed for him by Ilioneus and Dido. 597. sola miserata= tu, quae sola miserata est. A. 299; H. 549, 4. 598. quae is subject of socias, and nos is its object ; so. tibi.— ^ reliquias Danaum. See note on 30. ' 599. exhaustos, icorn out. — omnium. A. 218, a ; H. 399, I. 3. ^ 600. urbe, dome, with socias. A. 253; H. 424. — persolvere..^/^^ A.270,6;IL538^im,, 601. opis. A. 21¥, d; H. 401 and 402. —nee quidquid, etc. nee gentis Dardaniae quidquid eius superest. •y-'- i ^-^^ 602. gentis. Partitive genitive after quidquid. — s-paxsa,, sc. est ; chiefly by settlements in Sicily and Crete. , ^ 603. Di tibi ferant, inay the gods bring thee. A. 2B6; H. 484, I. — si qua. A. 105, d; H. 190, 1. — si quid, etc., if justice and conscious rectitude be of any account (quid) anijwhere on earth (usquam> - ^■'"'^i^r\ ■ "V^" " ' 604. sibi, (recti, Vith conscia. A. 234, 218; H. 399, I. 3, N. 1. 606. saecula. The poets often use the plural for the singular without any especial signification. 607. mo'ntibus convexa, the hollows of the mountains, valleys. — montibus. A. 235, a ; H. 384, 4, N. 2. — umbrae, shadows of the mountains. 608. polus dum sidera pascet. The ancients believed that the stars were nourished and kept burning by vapours arising through the atmosphere from the earth and sea. Epicurus taught that they were nourished by the fiery particles in the^>t- » aether itself. Y^'-^^'^^^i^^i/^ V*^^ 609. tuum. For the agreement, A. 187; H. 439, 1. j 610. quae — cumque. Tmesis. Aeneas intimates that he is ^'^^' not his own master, but is dependent on fate, and will have to ;y ' leave Dido. y 611. Ilionea = 'iAtov^a. — petit, ryrosjis. '"^ ' P^^ 612. post, afterwards, adverb of time. 74 AENEIDOS. 013. primo, with aspectii, but may be taken adverbially. 614. casu tanto, at the stupendous disaster. — ore locuta est. Note the pleonasm. vJ.'^^-'^-^>-^ c^^-C^l^^^rv^ 616. immanibus oris, to these savage shpr.es, an apology. A. 225, b ; H. 380, 4. > ~ - ' -- ' "^ ^ ^ " ' j^.-<^<-l , 617. Tune, sc. es. — ille, that ceZe^ra^ed.— Dardanio An- ^ chisae. Greek rhythm. 618. Simoentis ad undam. Goddesses were supposed to bring forth by a river-side. O-A-^.-,,^*-'^ Vtt^ ^-^ 619. Teucrum. Teucer was expelled from Salamis by his 71 father Telamon for coming home witliout Ajax. — Sidona. A.^ 258, h ; H. .>S0, II. —venire, strictly venisse. A. 288, b ; H. 537, 1. 621. genitor, i.e. mi/ father. Y ^ 623. casus, the fate.— mihi. A. 232, a and b; H. 388, 4.— -* cognitus, sc. est. A. 205, d ; H. 463, 1. 624. Pelasgi, i.e. Greek. See note on 30. 625. Ipse hostis, Teucer himself, though an enemy. — Teucros, the Trojans, —insigni laude ferebat, used to extol. 626. ortum, sc. esse. — volebat, gave out, wished it understood. 628. per multos labores, with iac^aiam. *~ ^ I ^^t/^ ij ^j. voluit, has willed. — terra. A. 258, /; H. 425, II.^^uX^-<^ ^ "■^031. simul . . . simul, at the same time both . . . and. 632. templis, etc., proclaims a thanksgiving in the temples, abl. of place. >*«<. «-Y- 634 is copied with some exaggeration, as usual (Homer has twelve sheep, eight boars, and two oxen), from Od. VIII. 59 seq. )^ 635. terga suum, a hundred bristly chines of bidktj boars. ' ^^ 636. munera and laetitiam, joyous gifts, are in apposition with the accusatives above. — dii = diei. A. 74, a; H. 121, 1. ij;} '^ 637. domus interior, i.e. the atrium. A. 193; H. 440, 2, N. 1. ' ^ >f^\ — splendida agrees with the subject, but belongs in sense with J yj- the predicate, is sumptuously set out ivith regal pomp. 639. vestes, coverlets, sc. sunt, or instruuntur from instruitur, ,. above. — ostro. A. 251 ; H. 419, II. ' ^>.UV4» f^' v NOTES. 75 640. ingens probably refers both to the size and number of the silver dishes. — mensis = in mensis. a 642. ducta, traced. ,^,M^ vV^ 644. rapidum, swiftly, in haste. A. 191 ; H. 443. The father's anxiety denotes haste. ^^^XXi^-^ '^'^^ 'Xr^ "^ 645. ferat que ducat, sc. ut, to denote the purpose of prae- mittit. Some make it for the imperative of the direct discourse. — haec, these things which have just happened. 646. carl, /on(i, loving, subjective. — stat, centres in. 647. ruinis. A. 229; H. 386, 2. ^ " ' 648. ferre, sc. tn(7». — pallam . . . rigentem, stiff loith figures in gold. — signis aurocLue, by hendiadys for signis ciureis. 649. and a veil with an embroidered border of yelloiv acanthus. 650. ornatus, in appos. with pa^/am and velainen. — Argivae, i.e. Grecian. Helen is called Argive, and said to come from Mycenae, probably from confusion between the two Atreidae : Menelaus, her husband, ruled at Sparta, Agamemnon at Mycenae (near Argos), with which Helen had no connection. — Mycenis, with extiderat. 651. cum peteret. A. 325; H. 521, II. 2 and foot-note.— hymanaeos. In the hexameter the four-syllable ending is allow- able in the case of Greek words. 653. quod gesserat. It is hard to say why Ilione wore a sceptre. ^ ' 654. maxima, sc. natu. — colloqvie, etc., and for the neck a ^, headed necklace and a double circlet of gold and gems. r-^T 656. ''Haec celerans, hastening to execute i/iese commands. ^ 658. faciem mutatus et ora, having changed his form and face. A. 240, c; H. 378. H-V C^OO . r"^ 659. veniat. Subj. of purpose.— donis, with incendat. — fu- rentem is prophetic, lit. may inflame the frantic queen, for may inflame the qiieen and make her frantic. 660. atque ossibus implicet ignem, and insinuate fire into her veins, lit. bones, which is not our idiom. 76 AENEIDOS. ^ u ^ (>61. domum ambiguam, the treacherous house, probably alluding to the Avickedness of Pygmalion. — Tyrios bilinguis. The bad faith of the Carthaginians was so proverbial among the Romans that Funica fides, "Punic faith," was a commoni^lace for tneachery. 662. uiit, sc. earn. — atrox luno, the thou(/ht of cruel Juno harasses her. — sub noct,em, as nifjht comes on. 603. his dictis. A. 248 ; H. 419, III. — aligerum, " compositum a poeta nomen." 4^ -^kX^ 664. solvLS = ta qui solus es.'*"^'^ v-^w \\ 605. Patris suinmi = Jovi. — tela Typhoea, i.e. which slew Typhoeus, the giant. Cupid was the only one who could prevail against Jove. 660. tua numina posco, I bee/ aid of thy divinity. Accusative of theperso/i. ^jy. ^\jJU^ <>^jUi^^, vv^<^ i^-^ *'^'~^^ AtJ^ 607. ut, /iott\ — pelago. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. r*-^--^ ''^^ 608. iactetur. A. 3o4 ; H. 529, I. The clause is subject of nota. 669. nota, sc. sunt = notum est. This use of the plural is a Greek idiom. H. 438, 3, N. — nostro = meo. 670. tenet, sc. eza^i. — blandis vocibus. A. 2^8; H. 420. 671. quo se, etc., and I fear vjhither Juno's hospitality turn itself, i.e. what turn it may take. — lunonia, because entertained in Juno's favourite city. 672. baud . . . rerum, Ju7w ivill not be inactive at such a .turning-point of fortune. Supply luno as subject implied in lunonia. ^"V^^"^ 0^-*-*-V^"^ '*'' '"A-^"'^-^'^ cr*— 673. ante, beforehand. v%.,X'^V*-^-''V^ 674. ne quo . . . mutet, lest she chanr/e throuc/h the influence of any god, of course with especial reference to Juno. 675. mecum, xoith me, i.e. held as I am. — teneatur, se. ut, implied from ne in 674. 670. Qua, sc. via. A. 248; H. 410, III. — possis. A. 334; H. 529, I. The clause depends on accipe mentem. .^ .^ c^ ^\XJ^ " NOTES. 77 G77. Regius puer = Ascanius. — accitu. Cause. — urbem Sido- ma,m. = Carthar/inem. "«>>-v.. — -vx- ,. G79. pelago et flammis. Ablative of separatiou. A. 243, b; H. 414r, N. 1. Some take it as dative. — ^80. hunc ego, etc., him lulled in slumber deep ivill I hide in some sacred shrine on lofty Cythera or on Idalium, lest in any way he be able to learn our plots or to appear in their midf>t. Such appearance would, of course, be fatal. — spmtum recondam = sopiam et recondam.—somno. A. 245; HV4lb. — Cythera was a mountainous island, hence the epithet alta. 681. sacrata sede signifies a temple consecrated to Venus. 682. ne qua, sc. via. — possit. Subj. of negative puri)ose. 683. faciem falle dolo, craftily personate his looks. — noctem. \Zi^ V non amplius unam, not more than one night. A. 2 47, c ; 256 -f^^^^ H. 417, N. 2 ; 379. ^vv-t -f^ ^ 684. et notos . . . voltus, and assume the boy's ivell-knoivn ^ features, thyself a boy, which would make the task easier. ^,^,^JL 686. mtevmenssiS, amidst the banquet. Ct. inter pocula, inter vina. — laticem Lyaeum, the jioioing vine. Lyaeus was a name given Bacchus, from Kvetv, to loose, because he frees one from care and anxiety. 688. fallasque veneno, sc. cam, beguile her loith the poison of love. iiCy^ 689. dictis. A. 227 ; H. 385, I. CbO-V l^^ 'I ITU^^'-^ 690. gressu, with incedit.—gaMdens implies the zest with which Cupid enters into the role. »vC''v\x<-'6">^^ X'•'l^■tA-^*'*^^ -^ 692. inrigat, sheds deioy sleep, the rest coming down like / dew or rain. — fotum, from foveo. — gremio. ^ A. 258, /; H. 425, ^C^ II. 1. ' ^^^^^ 693. amaracus. The fragrance of the marjoram of Cyprus was proverbial. 694. floribus et umbra, with complectitur. Abl. of means. — adspirans, breathing forth fragrance upon him. ^ 695. ibat, portabat. Note the force of these imperfects. — dicto. A. 227 ; H. 385, I. , ^^\. 78 AEN FIDOS. 006. Tyriis, for the Tyrians. Dat. of the recipient. — duce Achate denotes the cause of /aeitfs. (^ ^.^s^-v^^^^- A>^"'(rv-^^ Gi)7. vgnit is historical present, and joined with the perfect definite, coinposuit and locavit. — aulaeis superbis, beneath the splendid tajjestrles, probably arranged as a canopy around Dido's 698. aurea is a dissyllable. — sponda. A. 258,/; H. 425, II. 1. — mediamque locavit, so. se, from 697. — mediam is *' in the , x, place of honour," between Aeneas and Ascanius, or with tlie ^ Trojans on the one side and the Carthaginians on the other. K I / 700. stratoque super discumbitur ostro, and they recline ony^""^^ purple coverlets, lit. it is reclined. A. 146, c ; H. 465, 1. This description is an anachronism, the Roman customs being in the poet's mind. In the heroic age people sat at banquets. 701 seq. Cf. Homer, Od. I. 106 seq. 'A handmaid bare water for the washing of hands in a goodly golden ewer, and poured it forth over a silver basin to wash withal, and drew to their side a polished table. And a grave dame bare wheaten bread and set it by them and laid on the board inany dainties, giving freely of such things as she had by her. And a carver lifted and placed by them platters of divers kinds of tlesh, and nigh them he set golden bowls, and a henchman walked to and fro ])ouring ^. out to them the wine' (B. and L.). — manibus, /ur the hands. ^ ■ A. 224; H. 384. — Cererem = pa?iem. , Metonomy. — canistris. ^^ A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. ^^v^ ^rv^^J-^^^-^ ^^ ^ UX:f^ ^ "'Zl^ 702. expediunt ^proferunt, they serve. — tonsis, ^tosety cut. 703. intus, i.e. in the kitchen. — famulae, sc. siint. — ordine, <^. '- in proper order of courses. — longam penum = Zo/i^«m seriemj^jj[' dapum, the long series of viands. ^ 704. cura, sc. est. — et flammis adolere Penates, and to light the sacred hearth ivith flames. 705. aliae, sc. famulae sunt. — aetate. Abl. of respect. 706. qui. A. 187, b; H. 439, 2. — onerent et ponant. Subj. of purpose. 707. Nee non et = et quoque, and the Tyrians too, a very rare combination in Vergil, but cf. 748. A. 150; H. 553. — limina = tecta. — frequentes, in crowds. NOTES. 79 708. pictis, sc. acu, embroidered. 710. flagrantis voltus. The god of love would naturally have * glowing features.' 712. infelix Phoenissa, i.e. Dido. — pesti devota futurae, doomed to coming destruction. ^f^ju^.iyO^ JU 713. expleri mentem. feL32o) NV— tuendo, a8 &he ga^r\ ^^^^^ lit., in gazing. A. 301; H. 542, IV. (l^^^v^VoJ^-^-^ ^ (^^^ 716. falsi = non veri, i.e. prHended. — genitOTis is subjective. 717. Haec, s7ie. — oculis and pectore denote manner. 718. haeret, sc. innuero, clings to him. 719. insideat. Indirect question depending on nescia. — mise- rae, sc. ci. A. 228 ; H. 386. , ^^^^ 720. matris. A. 218, %Vl^. SOgTi. 2. — Acidaliae, so called from a spring in Boeotia, where she was wont to bathe.— Sychaeum, i.e. the memojry of Sychaeus. 721. vivo amore, i.e. love for a living person. — praevertere, to x>reoccupy. X 722. iam pridem, etc., her spirits now long cold and heart now dead to love. ,-^723. quies, sc. A/iY. — epulis. Dative. — mensae remotae, sc. siint, is literally true. Cf. 216, N. 721. crateras magnos, great boivls in which the wine was mixed with water. A. 64; H. 68. -vina coronant, wreathe the wine ivith floioers, i.e. cover the bowls with garlands of floweps^^^^ 725. tectis. A. 225, 6 ; H. 380, 4. (J^^^ ^^' 726. laquearibus aureis, from the gilded fretted ceilings. A. 258, a ; H. 412, 2. 727. incensi, ore lighted and hang. 728. Hie, hereupon. Cf. the temporal sense of hinc, vbi, etc. — gravem gemmis auroque, cup heavy vnth gems and gold, by hendiadys for a massive cup of gold studded loith gems. 729. quam is governed by implere, to be supplied with soliti in 730. — omnes, sc. orti. 80 AENEIDOS. 730. a Belo, from Belus, the first kins: of Tyre, not Dido's father. — soliti, sc. erant implere vino, —facta, sc. sunt. 731. hospitibus in its true sense of hospitalities, including both guests and hosts. — nam implies an ellipsis, and I call upon thee, for. 732. laetum. Cf. laetum augnrium. — Txoid^ profectis, sc. Us, to those having set out from Troy. 733. velis. A. 26G; H. 4S4. I. — huius, sc. diei. For the case, A. 219: H. 40f), II. — meminisse. For the tense, A. 143, N. ; H. 297, I. 2. — minores, posterity. 734. bona luno, kindly Juno. 735. coetum = convivium. " And ye Tyriaus throng the feast with friendly spirit." 736. laticum honorem, the offering of ivine. — libavit. It was the custom to jiour out a small portion of the wine as an offering to the gods. 737. libato, sc. honore (abl. abs.) =postquam lihatum est. — summo tenus ore, lit., as far as the tip of her mouth, i.e. she merely touched it with her lips. 738. Bitias is a Carthaginian. — increpitans, i.e. inviting him to drink. — ille inpiger, etc., he eagerly drained the foaming goblet and dreiic/ied himself from the brimming golden cup, i.e. with its contents. 740. proceres. sc. Imuserunt. — Cithara aurata, iritli his golden harp. — CTinitus, long haired, in imitation of Apollo, the patron of poets and musicians. 741. personat, /?7/.s- tlie room with sound. — Atlas had a pro- found knowledge of physics and astronomy, according to all the legends, and is introduced here as of African origin. 742. Hie, i.e. lopas. — Note the chiastic arrangement, errantem lunam, solisque labores ; also the use of the accusative after canit. — labores, eclipses. 743. unde, sc. sint. — ignes probably is for fulmina. 744. pluvias, because they set at nightfall in the rainy months. 745. 746. Copied from Georgic II. 481, 482. Why the days are NOTES. 81 so short in winter and so long in summer. The ancients believed that the sun set in the ocean. — noctibus. A. 228; H. 386. 747. Ingeminant plausu, applaud rej^eatedhj . 748. Nee non et. See 707. — sermone: manner. —trahebat, was prolonging. -v 749. infelix. See 712, 719. — longumque bibebat amorem, and deep the draught of love she drank. 7.51. Aurorae filius, the beautiful Memnon. Cf. 489. 752. Diomedis equi, sc. essent. Vergil has perhaps mixed up the horses of Diomede, the Thracian, which ate human flesh, and those of Diomede in the Iliad, or the reference may be merely to Diomede in his war-chariot. — Achilles, sc. esset. 753. Immo, nai/, rather, i.e. instead of answering such ques- tions, tell us the whole story. — hospes, mij guest. 755. septima aestas {=septimus amius), for now the seventh summer bears thee a wanderer on land and sea. The desired story of Aeneas is contained in the second and third books. VOOABULAEY. VOOABULAEY. (LATIN-ENGLISH.) a, ab, prep. lo. abl, from, forth ^ from ; of the agent, by. Abas, -antis, m., Abas, 121. abdo, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. a., put aside, shut up, 60. [ab ; do.] S.b'eo, -Ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., go away, depart, 196, 415. [ab ; eo.] ab'dleo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., blot out, 720. [root OL or OLE = grow ; cp. subOLes, prOLes.] ab-reptus, -a, -um, part, of abripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, v.a., carry off, 108. [ab; rapio.] ab'sisto, -ere, -stiti, — , v.n., de- sist, cease, 192. [ab; sisto, re- duplicated form of root STA.] ab'sum, -esse, -fui, v.n., be wanting, 584. [ab ; sum.] absumo, -ere, -sumpsi, -sump- tum, v.a., take away, remove, 555. [ab ; sumo = sub'emo.] Sic, co-ord. conj., and, and moreover (only before con- sonants) . acanthus, -i, m., bear's foot, so called from the resemblance of its leaf to a bear's claw; 649, 711. ac-cedo, -ere, -ssi, -ssum, v.n., approach, 307, 509. [ad; cede] acxendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., inflame. [ad ; root CAN, root CAND= shine; cp. can- didus = shining, white ; can- dela, candeo.] ac'census, -a, -um, inflamed, enraged, 29. [accendere.] ac'cestis, syncopated form for accessistis, 201. acxingo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., gird, [ad ; cingo = surround.] ac'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, v.a., receive, 304, 434; let in, 123; welcome, 290, 685 ; hear, 676. [ad; capio.] ac'citus, -us, m., a summons, 677. [ad ; cit-, supine stem of eieo.] ac'cumbo, -ere, -cflbui, -cubi- tum, v.n., recline, sit, 79. acer, acris, acre, adj., brave, 85 86 LA TIN-EN GLISH spirited, 220, 444. [root AK, j which is short in Scus, needle, acies, etc.] acerbus, -a, -urn, adj., bitter, cruel, (JG.S. [root AK.] Acestes, -ae, m., a companion of Aeneas. Achates, -ae and -i, m., the armour-bearer and friend of ^ Aeneas. Achilles, -is, m., the best war- rior and fiercest temper of the Greeks at Troy, son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea-nymph, ^ 458, 475, 752. Achilli, (/en. oO. Achivi, -orum, m., Achaeans or Greeks, 488. Acidaiius, -a, -um, adj., Acida- liau, an epithet of Venus from the Acidalian fount in Boeotia where the Graces, Venus' attendants, bathed. S,cies, -ei, /., line, line of battle, 489. [root AK, sharp; cj). acer, acus, needle.] actus, -a, -um, driven, espe- cially by some higher power {e.g. luno, the wintls, etc.) ; 32," 240, 333, 391. [part, of JlgO.] acutus, -a, -um, adj., sharp, pointed, 45, 144. [part, of acuCre, sharpen ; root AK.] ad, prep. w. ace, against, 24 ; towards, 93; to, 8(5, 103, etc.; to, met. 64. ad'do, -dCre, -didi, -ditum, v.a., give in addition, add, 2G8, 592. [ad; do.] ad'eo, -Ire, -li, -itum, v.n., ap- proach, encounter, 10. [eo, so.] ad'eo, adv., to such an extent, so, 567. [ad ; eo = to that point.] adflictus, -a, -um, shattered, 452. [ad; fligo.] ad'flo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., breathe into, inspire, 591. ad'for, -fari, -fatus sum, ?'. dep., address, 063. [ad ; for, cp. fama, <f)>)/xt.] adforein,/ro??i adsum, 576. adhuc, adv., hitherto, as yet, 547. ad'loquor, -i, -luciitus sum, v. dep., address, 229, 594. [ad ; loquor.] adnitor, -i, -nixus and -nisus, V. dep., lean against, 144. [ad : nitor.] ad'no, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.n., swim to, 538. [ad ; no.] adnuo, -ere, -ui, v.n., promise with a nod, 250. [root NU = nod ; cp. 7iu-tus, nu-to, a.h-mio = I refuse with a nod.] adSleo, -ere, -ui, v.a., light up, 704, n. [(1) root OD, 0L = smell ; (2) root OLE = grow.] ad'oro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., worship, honour, 48. [ad; oro.] adpello, -Cre, -puli, -pulsum, r.<(., drive to, 377. [ad; pello.] adspiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., breathe forth, (594. [ad; spiro.] VOCABULARY. 87 adsto, -are, -iti, -itum, v.7i., stand by (ad suggesting at- tention), 152. [ad; sto.] ad'sum, -esse, -fui, v.n., am present, 595, 73i. [ad ; sum.] ad'surgo, -ere, -surrexi, -sur- rectum, v.n., rise, 535. [ad; surge] ad-veho, -ere, -vexi, -vectura. v.a., bear to, 558. [ad ; veho.] ad'venio, -ire, -veui, -ventum, v.n., come to, 388. [ad; venio.] ad- versus, -a, -um, adj., oppo- site, 16G, 420. Neut.pl. adv., full in front, 103. [adverto.] ad'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., turn towards, [ad ; verto.J ad'ultus, -a, -um, full grown, [part, of adolesco.] Aeacides, -ae, m., Aeacides, son (at 99 grandson) of Aea- cus, the king of Aegina. The name applies to his son Peleus, grandson Achilles, great - grandson Pyrrhus. [patronymic of Aeacus.] aeger, -gra, -grum, adj., sick, siek at heart, 208, 351. Aeneadae, -arum or -vim, m. pi., followers of Aeneas, 167, 565. [patronymic of Aeneas.] Aeneas, -ae, m., s. of Anchises and Venus, the hero of the Aeneid. [Gk. Aii-eta?.] aenum, -i, n., chaldron, 213. [aes (aeris), copper, bronze.] ^enus, -a, -um, brazen, 449. Aedlia, -ae,/., the home of the winds, Lipara one of the Aeolian islands north of Sicily; 52 ff. Aedlus, -i, m., king of the winds, 52 ff. aequo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., make equal, divide fairly, 193, 508. [aequus.] aequdr, -oris, n., surface of the sea, sea, 29, 67, etc. ; pi., 43, 142, etc. [aequus, level.] aequus, -a, -um, adj., propi- tious, 479. aer, aeris, m., air, 300; mist, 411. [= Greek o^p, which accounts for ace. sing. aera.] aereus, -a, -um, adj., brazen, bronze, 448. [aes.] aes, aeris, n., copper, esp. bronze, 33, 449. [^'.e. an alloy of copper with tin ; not brass, which is an alloy of copper with zinc] aestas, -atis, /., summer, 265, 430, 756. [= the burning time, root IDH = burn; cp. aedes, the place of a fire.] aestus, -us, vi., surging flood, 107. [i.e. boiling, from root IDH ; see aestas.] aetas, -atis, /., age, time, 283. [contr. from aevitas.] aether, -eris, m., upper air, heaven, 90, 223, 379; air, 587. [Gk. aie-np.] aetherius, -a, -um, adj., of heaven, lofty, 394. Agenor, -oris, in., king of Phoenicia, and so an ancestor of Dido, 338. 88 L A TIN-EN GL TSH agger, -6ris, m., heap, 112. [ad; gero.] agm§n. -inis, n., close order, baud, 82, ISfi, 393, 434, 4iK). [root AG ; cp. ago.] agnosco, -ere, -gnovi, -gnitum, v.a., recognise, 40(5, 470, 488. [root (iNO, GNA ; cp. nomen.] agnus, -i, ni., lamb, 035. 3,go, -ere, egi, actum, v.a., drive, 70, 117, 191 ; treat, 574 ; imperative, S-ge, 753, S,gite, 027 = come. Aiax, -iicis, m., Ajax, the lesser, the son of Olleus. [Gk. Aia?.] aio, ais, ait, r. defect., say, 142, 297, 438, 595. ala, -ae, /., wing, 301, 397, 689. [contr. from axilla.] Alb§,, -ae, /., Alba Longa, a long ridge about 15 miles S.E. of Rome, where Aeneas' successors reigned until the founding of Rome. Albanus, -a, -uni, adj., Alban, of Alba, 7. al§s, -itis, m.f., bird; lovis a., eagle, 394. [ala.] Aletes, -ae and -is, m., a com- panion of Aeneas. [iArynj?, wanderer.] aliger, -gCra, -ggrum, adj., winged, (i()3. [ala; gero.] S,liquis, -qua, -quid, adj., some, 4()3. [ali- = some, quis.] aiitSr, adr., otherwise, 399. [alis = alius, -ter; cp. fortiter, breviter.] S,lius, -a, -lid, adj., other, an- other ; 2il- , others ; answering to pars, 213; alii . . . alii, some . . . others, 427. [c}). Gk. aAAo9, Eng. else.] al'ligo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., bind, 109. [ad; ligo.] almus, -a, -um, adj., kindly, genial, 300, 018. [contr. from alimus, alo = nourish ; cp. Gk. Tp60i(U.os //*0»i Tpc(/)a;.] alte, -ins, -issime, adv., high, 337, 500. [alius.] altSr, -era, -erum, adj., a second, 544. [root AL, cp. alius ; -ter = dual termina- tion, cf. neuter, uter.] altum, -i, n., the deep, 3; deep Avater, 110. [altus.] altus, -a, -um, adj., high, 01, 95, 189, etc.; deep, 20, 209; glorious, 7. [orig. part, of alo.] S,inans, -antis, m.f., lover, loving wife, 352. [amo.] S,niar§,cus, -i, mf., marjo- ram. Amazdnis, -idis, /., Amazon, one of a tribe of female warriors who dwelt on the Thennodon. ambages, -is, /., circuit, pi. details, 'M2. [root AMB, cp. Gk. (iur^i ; ago.] ambiguus, -a, -um, adj., faith- less, [amb-tgo, i.e. ambago.] ambo, -:ie, -o, adj. plur., both, 4r)S. [i-p. Gk. a(a0a>.] ambrSsius, -a, -um, adj., am- brosial, [lit. immortal: Am- brosia was the food of the Olympian gods.] VOCABULARY. 89 amictus, -us, m., cloak, 412. [aniifio.] amictus, -a, -urn, jxirt., clad. famicio.] amicus, -i,m., friend, 486. [cp. aiuo.] a'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, lose. j S,mor, -oris, m., love, 344, 644, j etc.; pL, 350; longing for,; lust after, 171, 349. Love, i.e. Cupid, the son of Venus, 663, 689, f. amplexus, -us, m., an embrace, 687. [amplector.] amplius, adv., more (does not iutluence the constr.), 683. [comp. of ample.] amplus, -a, -um, adj., spacious, 725. Amycus, -i, m., one of Aeneas' followers, 221. an, covj., or, or whether. Anchises, -ae, m., father of Aeneas, who carried him from burning Troy on his shoulders ; he died in Sicily. anchora, -ae,/., anchor-, anima, -ae,/., breath of life, animus, -i, m., mind, 11, 26, 149, etc.; disposition, 304; 2)1, spirits, 202, 722; rage, 57, 153. annales, -ium, pL, history, 373. [sc. libri, annus.] annus, -i, m., year. [cp. anus, a ring.] ante, adr. of time, before, 198, 374, 673; prep. w. ace, of place, 95, 114, etc. ; met. 347. Antenor, -oris, m., a Trojan, who, after the fall of Troy, settled in Patavium. Antheus (dissyllable), -60s, m., a follower of Aeneas, antiquus, -a, -um, adj., ancient, 12, 375, etc. ; old in story, 531. antrum, -i, n., a cave, cavern, 52. [ai'Tpoi'.] aper, -pri, m., wild boar, 324. aperio, -ire, -ui, -rtum, v.a., open, make a way through, 107, 146. §,pertus, -a, -um, part., open, clear, 155, 394, 587. [aperio.] apis, -is,/., bee, 430. appareo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.7i., appear, am to be seen, 118. [ad ; pareo.] applico, -are, -ui, -itum (-avi, -atum), v.a., drive to, 616. [ad ; plico.] apto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., fashion, 552. [root AP = fit,] apud, pre;:', loith ace, at, in, among, with, aqua, -ae, /., water, 105; p?., „ 167. Aquilo, -onis, m., north wind, Aquilo, 102; pZ., 391. [cp. aquila.] ara, -ae, /• usu. pi., altar, 49, 334, 355 ; of the Penates, 349 ; The Altars, 109. arbor, -oris,/., tree, 311. arbdreus, -a, -um, adj., branch- ing, 199. [arbor.] arcanum, -i, n., a secret, hid- den thing, 262. [root ARC = keep close; cp. arceo.] 90 Lji TIN-EyOLISII arceo, -ere, i\a., keep away, ol : drive forth, -iSo. Arcturus, -i, m., the brightest star iu constellation Bootes; hence, the constellation it- self, lU. arcus, -us, m., bow, 187, 318. ardeo, -ere, arsi, arsum, v.n., ! blaze. ardesco, -ere, arsi, v.n., kindle, become enamoured, 713. argentum, -i, n., silver, 359, olKJ; silver plate, 640. [root ARG = white.] Argi, -oruui, m., Argos, a city iu North-East Peloponnese, 24. 285. Argivi, -orum, m., Argives, i.e. Greeks, 40. Argivus, -a, -um, adj., Argive, (I.IO. aridus, -a, -um, adj., dry, 175. arma, -orura, n., arms, armentum, -i, ii., a herd, a drove, 185. [aro = plough.] arrectus, -a, -um, excited, 152, 57i); part. of. arrigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, r.d., excite, [ad; rego.] ars, artis, /., art, skill, 039; pL, tricks, 057. [root AR = fit.] artifex, -ficis, m.f., artist, 455. [ars: facio.] artus, -uum, m.plur., the limbs, \i:\. [root AR = fit.] artus, -a, -um, fast, 293. [arceo.] arvum, -i, n., field, 246, 569, [aro = plough.] AscS,nius. -i, m., Aeneas' son, also called liilus, 267, 645, 659, 691. a'scendo. -ere, -di, -sum, v.n., climb up, mount, 419. [ad; scando.] Asia, -ae,/'., Asia. a'specto, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., look upon, 420. [ad; specto.] aspectus, -us, m., sight, 613. [supine stem of aspicio.] asper, -era, -erum, adj., rough, harsh, 279, 291 ; sup., asper- rimus, 14. a'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum, v.a., look upon, 393, 526. Assaracus, -i, m., Assaracus, king of Troy, grandfather of Anchises, great grandfather of Aeneas, 284. ast, cQ-aj., but (not so strong as sed), 4(5, 116. asto, -are, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., alight, 301. [ad; sto.] astrum, -i, n., star, 287. [Eng. star.] at, conj., but, 267, 305, 543, 637, 657, 691. ater, -tra, -trum, adj., black, dark, (50, 89, 511. Atlas, -antis, m.. Atlas, one of the Titans, and brother of Prometheus and Epimetheus. "When conquered by Jove he was changed into the moun- tain in North-West Africa which still bears his name, 741. atqu6, conj., and, and more- over. VOCABULARY. 91 Atrides, -ae, m., Atrides, son of Atreus ; pi., Atridae, Aga- memnon and Menelans. ['At- peL8-n<;, patronymic of Arpeu?.] atrium, -i, n., hall; p^., halls, 720. atrox, -ocis, adj., fierce, 662. attingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum, r.a., touch, sip, 737. at'tollo, -ere (no per/, or sup.), v.a., lift up, 354. audeo, -ere, ausus sum, semi- dep., dare, 134, 493. audio, -Ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., hear, 20, 32G, 373, 409. \cp. auris.] augiirium, -i, n., augury, 392. [augur = bird-watcher.] aula, -ae,/., hall, 140. aulaeum, -i, n. pi., aulaea, curtains over a couch, 697. [aula.] aura, -ae, /., air, breeze, 59; breath of "life, 387, 54(3. auratus, -a, -um, adj., golden, 741. [aurum.] aureus, -a, -um, adj., golden, 492, 698, 726. [aurum.] auris, -is,/., ear, 152, 375. \cp. audio.] Aurora, -ae,/., Aurora, goddess of dawn, 751. [cp. aurum.] aurum, -i, n., gold, [root UR = burn ; cp. Aurora.] Auster, -tri, m., the south wind personified, 51, 536. ausus, -a, -um, (participle of audeo), ventured. aut, conj., or; aut . . . aut, either . . . or. [cp. alterum.] auxilium, -i, n., help, 358, 571, 621. [augeo.] avarus, -a, -um, adj., avari- cious, 363. [aveo = long for.] a'velio, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, v.a., carry off, 512. a" versus, -a, -um, jJart., turned away, i.e. unfavourable, 482. a'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., drive back, 38 ; turn aside, 104 ; drive off, 472. avidus, -a, -um, adj., eager, 514. [aveo.] Bacatus, -a, -um, adj., beaded (of pearls), 655. [baca = a berry.] Bacchus, -i, m., the god of wine, 734; hence by Me- tonomy, wine, 215. barbarus, -a, -um, adj., sav^e, 539. [8ap/3apo?,] beatus, -a, -um, adj., blessed, happy, 94. [cj). bene, bo- nus.] bellatrix, -tricis, adj., warrior, 493. [fern, of bellator.] bello, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., to war, 466. [bellum.] bellum, -i, n., war, 5, 14, 23, 48, etc. [=duellum.] Belus, -i, VI., (i.) the first king of Tyre, 729; (ii.) Dido's father, 621. benignus, -a, -um, adj., kindly, 304. [bene; root GEN, cp. malignus.] bibo, -ere, bibi, bibitum, v.a., drink, 473, 749. [redupl. root BO ; cp. po-tus, po-culum.] 92 LA TIN-ENGLISH brlinguis, -e, adj., double- t()iiL;ued, (j()l. [bi-, lingua.] bini, -ae, -a, two (poetically for duo). bi-remis, is, /., galley, a ship with two tiers of oars, 182. [remus.] bis. numerical adv., twice, 71, ;;81, 393. Bitias, -ae, m., Bitias, a Car- thaginian. blandus, -a, -urn, adj., fond, civvessing, 070. bSnus, -a, -um, adj., good, kindly, 195, 734. brgvia, -ium, n. pL, shoals, 111. [brevis.] brSvitSr, adv., briefly, 561. [brevis.] Byrsa, -ae, /., the citadel of Carthage, 307. [Perhaps Greek corruption of Bozrah.] Cado, -6re, cecidi, casum, v.n., full. 3;^: push, 154. cadus, -i, ui., cask, 195. [/caSo?.] caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind, blinded, 349 ; passive, hidden, 3.')(), 530. caedes, -is, /., slaughter, 471. [caedo = slay.] caelestis, -e, adj., heavenly, 11, 387. [caelum.] caelo, -lire, -avi, -atum, v.a., carve, chase, emboss, 040. caelum, -i, n., heaven, sky, clime, 331. Caesar, -ilris, m., i.e. Augustus, the first Roman emperor and patron of Vergil ; born B.C. 63, became undisputed master of the Roman world by the bat- tle of Actium, B.C. 31 ; died, A.D. 14. caesaries, -ei,/., flowing locks, 590. Caicus, -i, m., a Trojan, 183. caleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., glow. campus, -i, m., plain, 97. canistrum, -i, n., basket, 701. cd,no, -ere, cecini, cantum, v.a. and n., sing, 1, 742. cantus, -us, m., singing, song, .398. [cuno.] canus. -a, -um, adj., hoary, ancient, 292. cd,pesso, -ere, -esslvi, -essitum, v.a., perform, 77. c5.pio, -ere, cepi, captum, r.o., take, seize, 073; choose, 396. cS,put, -itis, n., head, 110, 127, 189, 444. CS,pys, -yos, m., a companion of Aeneas, 183. career, -eris, 7n., prison, 54, 141. cardo, -inis, m., hinge, 449; critical moment, crisis, 672. carpo, -Cre, -psi, -ptum, r.a., seize upon; c. auras = to bx-eathe. carus, -a, -um, adj., dear, be- loved, 24; act ir^e, loving, (J4:(}, ()77. [Fr. cher.] casus, -us, in., fall, mishap, disaster, evil fate, [cado.] castrd,, -Orum, 7i.pL, camp, 472. [cp. casa = hut.] caterva, -ae, /., company, 497. VOCABULARY. 93 causa, -ae, /., cause, reason, 8, 25, 414. cS,vatus, -a, -um, adj., hollow, hollowed, 310. cavus, -a, -um, adj., hollow, 81 ; enshrouding, 516. cSlebro, -rire, -avi, -atum, v.a., solemnise, 735. [celeber ; cp. creber.] c61er, -eris, -ere, adj., quick, 1ST. celero, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., hasten, 357, 656. [celer.] cella, -ae,/., cell, 433. celo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., hide. [cp. clam, oc-cm^-o.] celsus, -a, -um, adj., high, lofty, 56, 183. [root CEL; cp. collis, ex'ceUo.] centum, numeral adj., one hun- dred, 272, 295, etc. Cerealis, -e, adj., of Ceres, i.e. of corn, 177. [Ceres.] Ceres, Cereris, /., the goddess. of agriculture, hence, by Metonomy, corn, 177; bread, 701. cerno, -ere, crevi, cretum, v.a., perceive, 258, 365, 413, 440. [cp. crimen.] certe, adv., surely, 234, 328. [certus.] certo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., strive, rival, 548. [root CER = decide.] certus, -a, -um, adj., fixed, 62; selected, trusty, 551, 576. cervix, -Icis,/., neck, 402,477. cervus, -i, m., stag, 184. cesso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n.. lag, be inactive, 672. [frequ. of cede] ceterus, -a, -um, adj., other, the rest of; usually plural. [perhaps akin to 'eT€po<;.'] chdrus, -i, m., choir, band, 449. [xopo;.] cieo, -ere, civi, citum, v.a., arouse, stir up, 541. cingo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., surround, 112; invest, 673; gird, 398. cingulum, -i, n., belt, 492. [cingo.] circum, (i.) prep, with ace, around, 32, 56, etc.; after its case, 466. (ii.) adverb, around, 117, 175, 311, 412. [petrified ace. ; cp. adversum, coram, partim.] circum'do, -dare, -dedi, -da- tum, v.a., put around, i.e. set in, 593 ; encomj)ass, 368. circum -f undo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, v.a., pour around, circum-fusus, -a, -um, part., poured around, enveloping, 586. circum texo, -ere, -ui, -turn, v.a., weave around, circum'textus, -a, -um, part., woven around, 649. cithara, -ae, /., lute, 740. [/cifJapa.] citius, adv., more quickly, quicker, 140. [citus.] citus, -a, -um, adj., quick, 301.. [cieo.] clam, adv., secretly, 350. [see: celo.] 94 LA Tiy-ENGLISH clamor, -oris, m., shoutius, <S7, oli-l, oil), [root CAL, CLA, ' =call.] clarus, -a, -um, atlj., clear, 5S.S; ijlorious, 284; illus- trious, 550. classis, -is, /., tleet, 39, 128, etc. claudo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., ! sliut, lil, etc. ; shut in, 311. claustrum, -i, n., barrier, 5G. [claudo.] Cloanthus, -i, m., one of Aeneas' followers, 222, 510, 012. coepi, -isse, begin, 521. coetus, -us, m., throng, 398; festal gatliering, 735. [co- itus = going together.] co'gnitus, -a, -um, part., heard of, (i23. cognomen, -Tuis, n., surname, nauio, 2()7, (523. co'gnosco, -ere, -gnovi, -gni- tum, v.a., learn, [root GNA = know.] cogo, -ere, coegi, coactum, r.d.. compel, 5(53. [co-ago.] coliectus, -a, -um, part. pass. of col'llgere, gathered, 1-13, 170; in middle sense, having gatliered, 320. colligo, -ere, -Icgi, -lectum, ?j.((., gather together, collis, -is, m., hill, 419. [see cclsus.] collum, -i, ??., neck, 654, 715. >c51o, -ere, colui, cultum, v.a., till, 532 ; cherish, 10. colonus, -i, m., settler, 12. [colo.] cdlumna, -ae,/., pillar, 428. c6ma, -ae, /., hair, 319, 403, 47 1 . [/c6ju.7j.] cdmitatus, -a, -um, accom- panied, 312. cdmitor, -firi, -atus sum, v. dep., accompany. commissum, -i, n., a crime, 13(i. com'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, ?'./(., tommit a crime, 231. commdveo, -ere, -movi, -mo- tum, v.a., move, stir, 126, 300. compages, -is, /., fastening, 122, 293. [con; PAG = fix, cp. paugo.] compello, -are, -fivi, -atum, v.a., address, 581. [root PEL = speak; op. apello.] compello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum, r.a., drive. complector, -ti, -plexus, v. dep., embrace, 094. [con; PLEC = fold.] complexus, -us, m., embrace, 715. compono, -ere, -posui, -posi- tum, v.a., calm, 135 ; lay to rest, 249, .374. 698. compostus, = compositus,/?*om comi>ono, 249. compulsus, -a, -um, part., driven. concilio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., make a friend to, 79. [con; CAL = call, i.e. call together.] conclude, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., VOCABULARY. 05 shut in, i.e. mark out, 425. [claudo.] conxurro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., engage in battle with, 493. concursus, -us, m., assem- blage, 509. con-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, u.a., found, build, 5, 33, 276, etc. confido, -ere, -fisus sum, v.7i., trust, 452. con-fugio,-ere, -fugi, -fugitum, r.»., tiee for refuge, 666. con"gressus, -iis, in,, a coming together, match, 475. [gra- dior.] coniungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, r.a., join together, 514. con-iunx, -iugis, m., husbaud, 343, 354; wife, 47. [root lUG.] con-scendo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., climb up, 180; hence, em- bark upon, 381. [scando.] con-scius, -a, -um, adj., con- scious, 604. [scio.] consido, -ere, -sedi, -sessum, v.n., settle together, 572. consilium, -i, n., plan, pur- pose, design, 281, 658. con'sisto, -ere, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., settle, 541, 629; rest, 643; stop, take one's stand, 187, 226, 459. conspectus, -us, m., sight, 34, 184. con'spicio, -6re, -spexi, -spec- turn, v.a., behold, catch sight of, 152, 487. constituo, -6re, -ui, -utum, v.a., determine, 309. contendo, -ere, -di, -ditum, v.n., endeavour. con"tingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum, v.a., touch, 413; impers., it falls to the lot of. con-tra, jirejy. loith ace, over against, opposite, 13; adverb, in answer, 7(), 325. [con; cp. intra, infra, extra.] contrarius, -a, -um, a((/., oppos- ing, hostile, 239. [contra.] contundo, -ere, -tudi, -tiisum, v.Gj. crush, 264. co'nubium, -i, n., wedlock, 73. [co, niibo = marry (of the woman).] convello, -ere, -velli, -volsum, v.a., tear up, shatter, 383. con'venio, -Ire, -veni, -ventum, v.n., come together, assemble, 361, 700, 708. con'verto, -ere, -ti, -sura, v.a., turn towards, 81. convexum, -i, n., converging point, 310; valley, 608. con"vexus, -a, -um, adj., con- verging, [con'veho.] con'vivium, -i, n., banquet, 638. [con ; vivo.] convolsus,//'om convello. cobrior, -iri, -ortus sum, v. dep., arise, 148. copia, -ae, /., plenty, freedom, 520. [co-, opem.] cor, cordis, n., heart, 50, 209, 562; x>lw-al, heart, feelings, 303, 722. coram, i^rep. icith abl., in the presence of; adverb, face to face, 520, 595. 96 LA TIN-ENGLISH cornu, -us, 7i., horn, antler, liK). [Gk. Kepa^, Eng. horn.] c6rona, -ae, /., crown, coronet, »).")."». [cp. curvus.] cdrono, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., crown, wreathe, 724, (see note). corpus, -oris, n., body, 70, etc. ; form, 71. correptus, -a, -um, from cor- ripio. corripio, -Cre, -ripui, -reptum, v.a., seize, catch up, 45, 100, etc. ; hasten, 418. corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -rup- tuni, r.d., spoil, 177. coruscus, -a, -um, adj., waving, quivering, 1(54. [cornu.] costa, -ae, ./"., side, rib. [Fr. cote, cote.] cdthurnus, -i, m., a high boot, buskin, 337. [k66opvos.] crater, -eris, m., mixing bowl, 7'_'4. [/cparrjp, rOOt Kpa= mix.] creber, -bra, -brum, adj., abounding in, 85; frequent, 90. [see celeber.] credo, -ere, -didi, -ditnm, 7\n., believe, 218,387. [ere = faith, do = put.] crinis, -is, m., hair, 480. crinitus, -a, -um, adj., long JKiired (of a bard), 740. [crinis.] crisp 0, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., brandish, 313. [crispus = wavy.] cristatus, -a, -um, adj., plumed, 468. [crista = tuft on the head.] cr6c§us, -a, -um, adj., saffron- coloured, 649, 711. [crocus = saffron.] crudelis, -e, adj., cruel, 221, 3()1 ?^, 547. [crudus, cruor.] cruentus, -a, -um, adj., bloody, 29(5 . [e r uor = go r e . ] cum, conj., when, 36, 148, etc. cum, pre;9. with ahl., together with, accompanied by, 47, 55, et(\ cumulus, -i, m., heap, mass, 105. [root CUM = swelling ; cp. tumeo, tumulus.] cunctus, -a, -um, adj., all, the whole, 154, 233; usually plural, 518, etc. [= co- iunctus.] Cupido, -inis, ?n., Cupid, son of Venus and god of love.] cur, adv., why? 408. [? = cui rei or quare.] cura, -ae,/., care, anxiety, 208, 227, etc' curro, -ere, cucurri, cursum, v.n., run. currus, -us, m., chariot, 17, 15(), etc. cursus, -us, m., course, 324, 5;M; ahl, swiftly, 157. cuspis, -idis,/., point, 81. custos, -odis, m.f., guard {col- lect} rp ftinr/idar), 564, n. Cyclop§us, -a, -um, adj., Cy- clopean, of the Cyclopes, one- eyed giants who dwelt in Sicily, 201. [Cyclops; Ku- cycnus, -i, m., swan. VOCABULARY. 97 CymdthSe, -es, /., an ocean- nymph, 144. Cynthus, -i, m., a mountain of Delos, in which isle Latona brought forth Apollo and Diana. Cyprus, -i, /., a large island in the Levant where Venus was especially worshipi^ed, 622. Cythera, -orum, n. pi., an island off the south coast of the Pelopounese, sacred to Venus, 680. Cytherea, -ae, /., Lady of Cythera, i.e. Venus, 257, 657. Danai, -orum, m., Danai, Greeks, 30, 96, 598, 754. d^pes, -um, /., banquet, pro- visions, 210^ 706. Dardanides, -ae, in., sprung from Dardanus, Trojan. Dardanius, -a, -um, adj., de- scended from Dardanus, founder of the royal race of Troy. d^tor, -oris, m., giver, 734. de, prep, vxith abl., from, 277, 367, 533; according to, 318. dea, -ae, /., goddess, 17, 50, etc. d^corus, -a, -um, adj., beaute- ous, 589. [root DEC; cp. decet.] decus, -oris, n., beauty, 592; ornament, 429. defessus, -a, -um, adj., tired out, weary, 157. [fatiscor.] de'figo, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, v.a., fix, 226. defluo, -ere, -fluxi, -fiuxum, v.n., flow down, 404. de'hinc, adv., hereupon, then, 131, 256. dehisco, -ere, -Ivi, v.7i., yawn, 10(). deinde, adv., thence, then, 195, 614. DeiSpea, -ae,/., a nymph, 72. de'missus, -a, -um, part., sent down, descended, 288; in middle sense, having cast down (see note), 561. de"m.itto, -ere, -misi, -missum, v.a., send down, 297. demum, adv., at length, 629. deni, -ae, -a, distributive nu- meral, ten each, ten (poeti- cally), 381. dependeo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.n., hang down, 726. deripio, -ere, -ri])ui, -reptum, v.a., tear off, 211. de'sertum, -i, n., desert, 384. de'sisto, -ere, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., leave off from, give up, 37. de'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- turn, t'.«., look down upon, 224. de'suesco, -ere, -suevi, -suetum, v.n., I become unaccustomed. de'suetus, -a, -um, unwonted, unused, 722. desiiper, adv., from above, 165, 420. detrudo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., push off, 145. deus, -i, m., god ; gen.pl., deum (which is not a contracted form of deorum), 9; di and :i^' 98 LATIN-ENGLISH dis are often found for dei and (lets. devdnio, -ire, -veni, -ventum, v.n., come to, 305. devdveo, -ere, -vovi, -votura, ^.r^, (loom. de votus, -a, -um, imrt., (loomed, 712. dextra, -ae,/., right-hand, 98, :v.n, 408, etc. dicio, -ouis,/., sway, [root DIG ; cp. dico.] dice, -ere, -xi, -ctum, r.a., say, 1 tell, 81, 137, 753; call, 277, 530, 533. dico. -are, -avi, -atmn, v. a., dedicate, 73. dictum, -i, n., word, command, 142, 153, 197, etc. Dido, -us, /., queen of Carthage, having escaped from the tyranny of her hrother Pyg- malion who had murdered her husband Sychaeus. dies, -oi, m.f., day, .374, etc. diffundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, v.a., scatter, dishevel, 319. dignor, -ari, -atus sura, v. dep., deem worthy, 335. dignus, -a, -um, adj., worthy, (i(K), (i05. dii, (>I(f f/en. of dies, 6.36. dilectus, -a, -um, j^art., be- loved, 344. diligo, -6re, -lexi, -lectum, v.a., love. dimitto, -ere, -misi, -raissum, c.a., st'ud away, dismiss, 571 ; send about, 577. Didmedes, -ae, m., a prominent Greek at the siege of Troy, who wounded Aeneas and even Venus ; he afterwards settled in Italy. Called Ty- dides as son of Tydeus ; 97, 752. dirigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, v.a., direct, 401. dirus, -a, -um, adj., dread, 293. disco, -ere, didici, learn, 630. [root Die ; cp. doceo.] disxrimen, -inis, ;;., distinc- tion, 574; risk, danger, 204. [cp. cerno, crimen.] discumbo, -ere, -cubui, r.??., recline (at a banquet), 700, 708. disicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, v.a., scatter, 43, 70, 128. [dis, iac'io.] disiectus, -a, -um, jjarf. of disicio. dis'iungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., separate, 252. dispello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum, v.a., drive in dilfei'ent direc- tions, scatter, 512, 538. dissimulo, -are, -avi, -atum, r.d.. hide, suppress, 516. dis tendo, -6re, -di, -tum, v.a., till, pack, 433. ditissimus, -a, -um, supcrl. of dives, most wealthy, 'MS. diu, adv., for a long time, 351. diva, -ae, /., goddess, 447, 482, .505. diversus, -a, -um, part., in diiferent directions, 70; far distant, 376. VOCABULARY. 99 divgs -itis, adj., rich, 14. [ci^. dives, deus.] divido, -ere, -visi, -visum, v. a., divide, 197. divinus, -a, -um, adj., god-like, 403. divum, f/en.j^L o/divus. divus, -i, 7)1., god, especially in gen. pL, 46, 65, 79, 632. {cp. deus, G^. 6Io?.] do, dare, dedi, datum, v.a., give, 62, m, etc. ; give fortli, 398 ; put, 176, 738; partu d., bring fortli; d, amplexus, embrace, 687. doceo, -ere, -ui, -turn, v.a., teach, 392, 741; inform, 332. [root Die ; cp. disco.] ddleo, -ere, -ui, -itum, u.n., grieve, resent, 9. ddlor, -oris, m., pain, grief, 209, 386 ; 2ylnral, pangs, 25. dolus, -i, m., trick, craft, 130, 673, 684. ddminor, -ari, -atus sum, v. dep., have sway, lord it, 285. [doniinus.] dSminus, -i, m., lord, 282. [domus.] domus, -lis, /., house, home, 140, 168, 284, etc.; domo, from home, 600. dongc, C071J., until, 273. [cp. denique.] donum, -i, n., gift, 447, etc. [root DO = give.] dorsum, -i, 7i., back, ridge, 110. dubius, -a, -um, adj., doubtful, 218. [duo; BIT = go.] duco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., lead, 401, etc.; carry (v?-alls), 423; passive, be derived, 19, 642. ductor, -oris, m., leader, cai> tain, 189, 235. [duco.] dulcis, -e, adj., sweet, j)leasaut, 167, etc. [cp. indulgeo.] dum, conj. ivith the indicative, w4iile, 268, etc. ; loith the subjunctive (implying a pur- pose), until, 5, 265. du-plex, -icis, adj., two-fold, double, 655; clasped (or poetically = duae) , 93. duro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., endure. durus, -a, -um, adj., cruel; res dura, stern necessity, 563. dux, diicis, m.f., leader, 364. [root DUG ; cp. dQco.] E, ex, p^'ep. u'ith ahl., out of, from, 34, 42, etc. ebur, -oris, n., ivory, 592. educo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., lead out, 432. ef ■ficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, v.a., produce, 160. [ex; facio.] ef'fodio, -ere, -fodi, -fossum, v.a., dig out, 427, 443. ef'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, v.a., pour forth, 98. egens, -tis, adj., in want, 384. [egeo = I am in want.] egenus, -a, -um, adj., in want of {loith gen) , 599. [egeo.] 6g6, pprs. pronoun, I, 46, etc. egredior, -di, egressus, v. dep., go out from, [gradior.] e'gregius, -a, -um, adj., dis- 100 LA TIN-ENGLISH tinguished, 445. [e = out of; 2:i'ex = the herd.] e'gressus, -a, -urn, part., hav- ing- diseml)arked, 172. e icio, -6re, eieci, ciectum, v.a., cast out. eiectus, -a, -um, part., out- cast, 578. elabor, -i, -lapsus, v. dep., ii'lide out. e"lapsus, -a, -um, part., having escaped from, 242. e missus, -a, -um, part., sent forth, 125. e'mitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, v.a., send forth. en, interjection, lo ! 461. §nim, conj., for, 261; sed enim, however, 19; neqae enim, for indeed not, 198, 643. gpulum, -i, n. pi. epulae, -arum, /., banquet, 79, 216, 723. eous, -a, -um, adj., eastern, 489 n. [)7ois = dawn.] gquidem, adj., indeed, 2.38, 335, 57(i, 619. [e, demonstrative ; quidem.] gquus, -i, m., horse, steed, 156, 31(5, 444, etc. ergo, adv., therefore, so, 663. eripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, v.a., take from, 88; save from, .">!)(), ()47. [rajiio.] erro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., wander, stray, 32, 185, etc. error, -oris, m., wandering, 755. erumpo, -Cre, -rupi, -ruptum, v.a., burst forth from (with ace), 580. Eryx, -ycis, m., Mount Eryx, on tlie west coast of Sicily, where was a temple sacred to Venus. 6t, conj., and ; if not first in its clause, usually also, too, moreover ; et . . . et, both . . . and. etiam, conj., also, even, 25, 461. [et ; iam.] e'verto, -ere, -ti, -sum, v.a., overturn, 43. Europa, -ae,/., Europe, 385. Eurotas, -ae, ?n., the river on Avliich Sparta stood, 498. Eurus, -i, m., south-east wind personified. ex, see e. ex-actus, -a, -um, part, of exigo. exanimus, -a, -um, adj., life- less, 484. [anima = breath.] ex'audio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., hear, 219. excedo, -Cre, -cessi, -cessum, V.I)., go forth from, 357. ex-cidium, -i, n., destruction, 22. [ec = ex; scindo.] excldo, -Cre, -cidi, v.n., fall from, fade from, 26. [cado.] ex'cido, -ere, -cidi, -cisum, v.a., hew out, 429. [caedo.] excipio, -Cre, -cepi, -ceptum, v.a., take from, take in suc- cession, 276. [capio.] exciido, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., strike out, 174. excQtlo, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, r.a., dash ovit, 115. [qua- tio.] VOCABULAEY. 101 ex'emptus, -a, -um, part, of exinio. ex"eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., go forth, 306. ex'erceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., employ, 431 ; e. choros, leads the dance. ex'haurio, -ire, -hausi, -haus- tum, v.a., drink up, exhaust, 599. ex'haustus, -a, -um, pa?'f. of exhaurio. exigo, -ere, -egi, -actum, v.a., discover, ascertain, 309. ex'imo, -ere, -emi, -eraptum, v.a., remove, appease (hun- ger), 216. ex'pedio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., get ready, 178, 702. ex'pello, -ere, -piili, -pulsum. I.e., drive out, 620. ex'perior, -iri, -pertus, v. dep., know by experience, essay, 202. ex'pleo, -ere, -evi, -etuni, v.a., complete, 270; satisfy, 713. ex'ploro. -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., discover, explore, 77, 307. ex'pulsus, -a, -um, part, from expello. ex'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., gasp forth, 44. extrema, -orum, ??., limits, 577 ; final doom, 219. [extremus = last.] ex'ttili, perf. of ef'fero. ex'uo, -ere, -i, -utum, v.a., put off. doff, 690. ex'uro, -ere, -ussi, -ustum, v.a., burn, consume by fire, 39. fa-, present stem of for. fac- (defective noun),f., torch, brand, 150. f§,cies. -ei,/., face, appearance, 60S, 683. [facio.] facilis, -e, adj., easy, 445, see note, [facio.] facio, -ere, feci, factum, v.a., do, 58, 302; make, 75, 80. factum, -i, n., deed, exploit, event, 351, 364, 367. [facio.] factus, -a, -um, pa?'i. of fa- cio. fallo, -ere, fefelli, falsum, v.a., deceive, 688; assume (falsely), 684. [cp. (t-c/xxAAoj, Eng. fall.] falsus, -a, -um, pretended, 716 ; empty, 407. [fallo.] fama, -ae, /., fame, renown, 379, etc.; report, 532. [root FA: cp. for.] fames, -is,/., hunger, 216. [cp, ad-fatim, fatigo, x'^'^^^.] f^mula, -ae, /., maid-servant, 703. famulus, -i, m., attendant, 701. fas, n. indecl., right, duty, 77, 206. [root FAS = bind.] fastigium, -i, n., point, 342; pinnacle, 438. [f astigo = bring to a point.] fateor, -eri, fassus, v. dep., con- fess, [root FA.] fatigo, -are, -?ix\, -atum, v.a., tire out, 316 ; keep in turmoil, 2S0. [see fames.] fatisco, -ere, gape, 123. [see fames.] fatum, -i, n., fate, destiny, 2; 102 LA TIN-ENGLISH vsu. 1)1., 18, 205, 222, etc. [root FA; cp. fari.] fiveo, -ere, favi, fautum, v.n., am favoural)le. felix, -icis, adj., happy, propi- tious, 330. [root FE = bear.] femina, -ae, /'., woman, 364. [root FE = bear.] fgra, -ae, /., wild beast, 308. [t'erus = fierce.] fgrina, -ae, /., venison, 215. [ferns, fera.] fgrio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., strike, 103, 115. fgro, ferre, tiili, latum, v.a., bear, carry, bring, 59, etc. ; ] wear, 501; extol, (525; se ferre, \ pass along, 503 ; say, 15, 476. j f§rox, -ocis, arlj., haughty, 263, 1 .".(L*. [ferns.] ferrum, -i, n., iron, steel, 293, etc. ferveo, -ere, ferbui, v.n., glow, 4.'ii). [rp. warm.] fessus, -a, -um, adj., weary, 168, 178. [fateor.] fetus, -a, -um, adj., teeming, 51. [root FE = bear.] fetus, -us, m., young, offspring, 432. [root FE = bear.] x fides, -C'\,f., faith, honour, 292. ri-oot FID; cp. foedus.] fiducia, -ae,/'., confidence, 132. [root FID."] fidus, -a, -am, adj., trusty, 113, iss. [root FID.] ■ figo, -ere, tixi, tixum, v.a., fix, 482 ; pierce, 212 ; set up, 248 ; imprint, (587. filius, -i, m., son, 325, 751. [(i.) root DHA = milk ; cp. 0TjArj, e^Aus (Curtius) ; (ii.) root BHU (Lat. fu.) = be.] finis, -is, m., end, 199, etc. ; })!., boundaries, territories, 566, 570, etc. [= fid-nis, root FID = divide.] fio, fieri, f actus sum, v., be- come, am made, flagro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., blaze, glow, 710. [root FLAG; cp. fulgeo, tlamma.] flamma, -ae,/., flame, 44, etc. ; metaph. 673. [= flag-ma.] flammatus, -a, -um, adj., in- flamed, 50. [flamma.] flavus, -a, -um, adj., yellow, 592. [cp. fulvus.] flecto, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.a., bend, guide, 156. [for t, cp. necto, TUTTTO).] floreus, -a, -um, adj., flowery, 430. [flos.] flos. tloris, m., flower, blossom, 694. [root FLE ; cp. floreo.] fluctus, -us, m., wave, 66, etc. [root FLU = flow.] flumen, -inis, n., stream, flood, 465. [tluo.] flue, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.n., flow, ;12(). [root FLU; cp. fleo.] fltivius, -i, m., stream, river, [riuo.] foedus, -eris, n., condition, treaty, 62. [cp. fides.] fdliurn, -i, n., leaf, 175. [root FLE.] fomes. -itis, m., iva [foveo.] fons, -tis, m., fount, source, 244. VOCABULARY. 103 f6r6, fut. inf. of sum, 235, 444.' fSris, -is, /., door, 449, 505. [Gk. 0vpa.] forma, -ae. /., form, beauty. [root DHAR = hold firmly; cp. firmus, forum.] fors, -tis, /., cliauce. [root BHAR = bring, that which brings luck.] forsan, adv., perhaps, 203. [fors ; an.] forte, adv., by chance, 151. [abl. of fors.] fortis, -e, adj., brave, 120, etc. [root BHAR = bear.] fortissimus, -a, -um, superl. of fortis. fortuna, -ae, /., fortune, 240, etc. [fors.] fortiinatus, -a, -um, adj., lucky, haj^py, 437. [fortuna.] fotus, -a, -um, part, of fo- veo. foveo, -ere, fovi, fotum, v. a., cherish, 18, 281 ; fondle, 692, 718. fragor, -oris, m., crashing sound, 154. [root FRAG ; cp. frango.] fragrans, -tis, adj., sweet scented, 436. frango, -ere, fregi, fractum, t'. a., break, 104, 161; pound, 179. [root FRAG.] f rater, -tris, m., brother, 130, 292. fremo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n., roar, rage, 56, 296 ; shout as- sent, 559. [Gk. i3pe>a>.] freno, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., curb, 54, 523. [frenum = bit ; frequens, -tis, adj., thronging, 707. f return, -i, n., strait, sea, 557, ()07. frigus, -oris, n., cold, 92. [cp. rigeo, rigidus.] frondeus, -a, -um, adj., leafy, 191. [(frons, frondis) =leaf.] frons, -tis,/., front, 166. frug-, defective, f., corn, 178. frustra, adv., in vain, 392. \cp. fraus.] frustum, -i, n., piece, bit, 212. [root FRUT = break.] fucus, -i, m., drone, 435. fuga, -ae, /., flight, 137, etc. [root BHUG = bend ; cp. fugio, -ere, fugi, fugitum, v.n., tlee, S41, etc. [fuga.] fui, perf. o/sum. fulmen, -Inis, n., thunderbolt, 230. [=fulgmen, from ful- geo.] fulvus, -a, -um, adj., tawny, 275. [cp. flavus, fulgor.] funale, -is, n., torch, 727. [funis = rope.] fundamentum, -i, n., founda- tion, 428. [fundare; cp. iSuflo?.] fundo, -ere, fudi, fusum, v. a., pour, 193, 412. [root FUD ; jp. xeu).] funus, -eris, n., death, deadly evil, 2.32. furiae, -arum,/., frenzy, 41. 104 LA TIN-ENGLISH furo, -Ore, -ui, v.n., rage, 51, [ 107, etc. I furor, -oris, ?n., rage, frenzy, 1 ">( ) : person ijie i.1 , 2i)4 . fusus. -a, -um, part, of fundo, stretched, 214. futurus. -a, -um, fut. part, of sum, aljout to be, coming, 210, etc. galea, -ae, /., helmet, 101, (usually of leather). Ganymedes, -ae, m., Gany- mede, son of Tros, carried off to heaven by Jove's eaiile. gaudeo, -ere, gavisus sum, rejoice, 6i)0. gaudium, -i, n., joy, 502. [ = gu video.] gaza, -ae,/'., wealth, 119. [Per- sian word.] ggminus, -a, -um, twin, 162, 274. 744. gemitus, -us, m., groan, 485. [gemo.] gemma, -ae, /., jewel, 655. [root GEN, contr. fr. gen- ima.] ggmo, -Ore, -ui, -itum, v.n., groan, 465; mourn, 221. ggnetrix, -Tcis. f., mother, 590, (is<i. [root GEX.] ggnitor, -oris, m., father, 155, 2;^), etc. [root GEN.] ggnitus, -a, -um, part, of gig- no, son, 297. [root GEN.] gens, -tis, /., race, tribe, fam- ily, clan, 17, 33, 47, etc. [root GEN.] ggnu, -ns, n., knee, 320. {yowy knee.] ggnui, perf. o/gigno. genus, -eris, n., race, 6, etc.; offspring, 380. [root GEN.] germana, -ae, /., sister, 351. [root GEN.] germanus. -i, m., brother, 341. [root GEN.] gSro, -ere, gessi, gestum, r.o., carry, 188; wear, 315; carry on, 24, 48. gesto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., wear, 336, 567. [freq. of gero.] gigno, -ere, gSnui, genTtum, v.a., beget, bring forth, 606, 618. glaeba. -ae, /., clod, soil, 531. [clod.] gldmero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., gather; middle, glomeror, throng, [globus.] gradior, -i, gressus, v. dep.y step, go, 312, etc. gradus, -us, m., step, 448. Grai, -orum, m., Greeks, 467, 530. grand-aevus, -a, -um, adj., aged, 121. [grandis, ae\'um.] grates, -ium, /., thanks, 600. {(■p. xat'pco, greedy.] gravis, -e, adj., hea^'y, 728; pregnant, 274; intiuential, 151 ; evil, 199. [Qapu?, i.e. yFapv-<;. graviter, adv., heavily, 126. [gravis.] grgmium, -i, n., lap, 685, etc. VOCABULARY. 105 gressus, -us, 771., stepping, steps, 401, etc. [gradior.] gurges, -itis, m., swelling riood, 118. gusto, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., taste, 473. [cp. yeuaj, yaaTTJp.] Gyas, -antis, n., a follower of Aeneas. habena, -ae, /., rein, 63. [ha))eo.] habeo, -ere, -ui, -Itum, v.a., have, hold, 346, 566. habilis, -e, adj., easily worn, convenient, 318. [habeo.] habitus, -us, m., bearing, look, j 315. [habeo.] hac, adv., on this side, 467, i 468. I haereo, -ere, haesi, haesum, V.71., cling, 476, 718; remain j fixed, 495. halo, -are, -avi, -atnm, v.n., breathe, am fragrant, 417. harena, -ae,/., sand, 107, 112; shore, 172. [areo -- am dry.] Harpalyce, -es, /., a Thracian princess and renowned hun- tress. hasta, -ae,/,, spear, 478. [cp. fendo.] hastile, -is, n., spear-shaft. [hasta.] haud, adv., not, 327, etc. [spelt by Ribbeck haut four times, hau once, 327.] haurio, -ire, hansi, haustum, : v.a., drink down, drain, 738. '' Hector, -«')ris, m., the eldest and bravest of the sons of Priam, slain by Achilles, 99^ 750. HectSreus, -a, -um, adj., of Hector, 273, note. Helena, -ae, /,, Helen, the beautiful wife of Menelaus, King of Sparta ; her rape by- Paris caused the Trojan War ,- 650. herba, -ae,/., grass, 214. [root BHAR; cp. ^op/Sr).] heros, -ois, m., hero, 196. [^pm^'] Hesperia, -ae, /., the land of the west, Italy, 530, 569. [eo-Trepo?.] heu, interjection, alas ! heus, interjection, ho ! 321. hiberna, -orum, n., winter,, 266. [hibernus.] hibernus, -a, -um, adj., wintry, 746. [hiems.] hio^ haec, hoc, he, 742; hi. . , others, 106. hie, adv., here, 16, 17, etc. ; hereupon, 451, 728. hiems, -emis, /., storm, 122, 125. [root GHI = snow.] hinc, adv., hence, 21, etc. ; then, 194; hinc . . . hinc, on the one side ... on the other, 162, 500. hdmo, -inis, ni., man, especially as opi^osed to other beings, 65, 308, etc. [root GHAM = earth.] hdnos, -oris, m., honour, re- spect, 28, 49, etc. [cp. onus.] horreo, -ere, -ui, v.n., bristle, be shaggy, 165, 311, 634. 2Jron., this, hi, some . . . 106 LA TIN-ENGLISH iiorridus, -a, -um, adj., grim, '_'!•(;. [horreo.] hospes, -itis, host, guest, 731, Too. [perhaps ghas-pati, pro- tector of strangers ; cp. hostis, guest. hospitium, -i, n., hospital- ity, welcome, 299, etc. [hos- pos.] hostia, -ae, /., victim, 334. [hostio = strike ( ?) .] hostis, -is, yn.f., enemy, foe, 378, 625. [rp. hospes.] hue, adv., hither, 170, etc. Jhic] humanus, -a, -um, adj., hu- man, 542. [homo.] humus, -i, /., ground, 193; humi, on the ground, [root GHAM = earth.] IIy3,des, -um, /., a constella- tion so called probably be- cause they brought rain. ^[uetr.] lymenaeus, -i, in., wedlock, (j.»l. [' V/xej'acos.J iS,ceo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie, lie low, 99. iacens, -tis, adj., low-lying, 224. [iaceo.] iacto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., toss, 3, 29, etc. ; blurt out, 102; show off, 140; revolve, 227. [iacio.] ia.culor, -ari, -fitus, v. dejy., hurl, 42. [iacio.] iam, adv., now, already, 1<S, etc. ; thenceforth, 272. [root YA; cp. b?, w?]. iamdiidum, adr., this long while, 580. [iam, diu, dum.] ibam, iniperf. o/eo. ibidem, adv., on the same spot, IKi. IdS,lia, -ae,/., a city in Cyprus sacred to Venus, 093. Idalium, -i, ?i. = rdalia, 681. ignarus, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 198, etc. [in = not ; GNA ; cp. nosco.] ignavus, -a, -um, adj., lazy, 4;;5. [in = not; GNA.] ignis, -is, m., fire, 175; light- ning, 42, 90 ; fire of love, 660, (i88. i'gnobilis, -e, adj., low-born, 14'. ». [in = not ; nobilis, GXA.] ignotus, -a, -um, unknown, 384 ; hidden, 359. [in, GNA.] ii, per/, o/eo. Ilia, -ae, /., the mother of Romulus and Remus, 274. Iliacus, -a, -um, adj., Ilian, of _ Ilium (Troy), 97, 456. ilias, -ildis, /., daughter of Ilium (Troy), 480. [fern. patronymic] ilidne, -es,/., the eldest daugh- ter of Priam, 653. Ilidneus. -ei, m.,a Trojan, 521, 559, 611. Ilium, -i, n.. Ilium, Troy. Ilius. -a, -um, adj., Ilian, of Ilium (Troy), 268. Ilus, -i, m., surname of lulus, 268. ille, -a, -ud, pron., that, he, she, it, etc. ; that celebrated. illic, adr., there, 206. [ille.] VOCABULARY. 107 niyricus, -a, -urn, adj., Illyrian, im-pulit, per/, of impello of Illyria (now Dalmatia and Albania), 243. imago, -inis, /., form, shape, [root SIM ; cp. 353, 408. similis.] imber, -bris, m., rain, water, 123, 743. inamanis, -e, adj., savage, huge, 429,616; wicked, 347. [in = not : manus = good.] im'inineo, -ere, -ui, v.n., threaten, 165 ; hang over, 420. [mineo = project.] ^ im'mitis. -e, orZ/., ungfentle, 30. i Lather, 753. [moved. adj.. un- li, -pijlsum, [in = not : mitis.] immo, a a [=in"m(^ im' motus.nl impello v.a., push, 82 imperium, -i, n., command, sway, lordsliip, 54, 138, etc. [impero ; in, paro = put upon.] im-piger, -gra, -grum, adj., without hesitation, 738. [piger ; cp. piget.] im'pius, -a, -um, adj., unduti- ful, unnatural, 294, U9. [pius.] im'pleo, -ere, -evi, -etum, v.a., fill up, 729. [root PLE; cp. plenus.] implico, -are, -avi, -atum (-ui, -itum), v.a., insinuate, 660. [rp. sim-plex, dn-plex.] impono, -ere, -posui, -positum, v.a., put upon, 49, 62. im'provisus, -a, -um, adj., unforeseen, 595. imus, -a, -um. adj., lowest, the bottom of, 84, etc. in, prep, ivith (i.) Ace. : to, 34, 253; towards, 82, 163; against, 108. (ii.) Ahl. : on, 106 ; in, 109. among, 303, 491. [Gk. h'.] inanis, -e, adj., empty, 476; unreal, 464. in'cautus, -a, -um, adj., unsus- pecting, 350. [in, caveo.] incedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum^ v.n., walk proudly, 46, 497, 690. incendium, -i, n., burnings conflagration, 566. incendo, -ere, -di, -sum, v.a., light, 660, 727. [root CAN = shine.] in'ceptum, -i, n., undertaking,. 37. [incipio.] inxessus, -us, m., gait, 405. [incedo.] in'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum,. v.a., begin, 721, [in, capio.] in-cognitus, -a, -um, adj., un- known, 515, [co-, gnosco.] inxoncessus, -a, -um, adj., un- lawful, 651. [concedo.] in'crepito, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., challenge, 738. [increpo, Gk. /cpeKO), Eng. crack.] in'cubo, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a.^ brood over, swoop upon, 84, 89. in'cultus, -a, -um, adj., desert, 308. [colo.] in'cuso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., blame, 410. [causa.] 108 LA TIX-EXGLISn OK "V in'cutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, v.a., strike iuto, inspire, 69. [qnatio.] in'dico, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., proclaim, 632. indignor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., (leem unworthy, chafe, 55. [diunus.] induo, -dre, -ni, -litum, v.a., put on, assume, ()<S4. [root I)U=put; cp. exuo.] inermus, -a, -urn, adj., un- armed, 487. [arma.] infandus, -a, -um, adj., un- speakul)le, 597 ; accursed, 525 [in, fari.] in'felix, -icis, adj., unhappy, 475. 712, 749. in'fSro, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, r.(/., bring iuto, 6; iiifert se, enters, 439. in'figo, -ere, -xi, -xum, v.a., impale, 45. in'genimo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., grow (loud), 747. in'gemo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lament, 93. in-gens, -ntis, adj., vast, 182, etc. [in = not, root GEN.] in'humatus, -a, -um, adj., un- l)uri(Ml, 353. [humus.] inimicus, -a, -um, adj., un- friendly, hostile, 67. [ami- cus.] in-iuria, -ae, /., wrong, 27 ; tale of wrong, 341. [ius.] in-lido, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., (lash against, 112. [laedo.] inmanis, see immanis. in-par, -ptlris, o((/., unequal, 475. inpiger, see impiger. inpleo, see imjileo. in-ptilit, per/, of impello. inquam, v. defect., say, ,321. inrigo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., water, shed, 692, note, [rigo = wet ; cj). rain.] in'scius, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 71.S. [seio.] inscribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum, v.a., mark, 478. in'sequor, -i, -secutus, v. dep., follow up, 87, 105. in'sidiae, -arum, /., lying in wait, treachery, 754. [in, sedeo.] insido, -er^r^qdi, -sessum, V.71., sit i^, 719. infsignis, ' -e, adj., distin- guished, 10, 625. [signum.] in'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., breathe into, 688. in'sto, -fire, -stiti, v.n. and a., press hard, 423, 468. in'struo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., set forth, 638. insula, -ae,/., island, 159. insiiper, adv.. above, on the top, ()1. intactus, -a, -um, adj., un- touched, virgin, 345. [tan- .SCO.] .intento, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., threaten, 91. inter, prep, rvith ace, between, 10(); amid, 191; compared with, 455; in the course of, 686. interdum, adv., sometimes, 718. VOCABULABY. 109 intgrea, adv., meanwhile, 121, ISO. [? inter ea, or inter ea(ni rem).] inter'for, -ari, -atus, v. dep., interrupt, 38G. interior, -us, adj., inner, inside of, 637. [inter.] intimus, -a, -um, adj., inmost, 213, note ; superl. of intra. intono, -are, -ui, -itum, v.n., thunder, 90. intra, prep, icith ace, witliin. in'tractabilis. -e, adj., hard to encounter, .'>39. [tracto.] intro-gredior, -i, -gressus, v. dep., enter within, 520. [gradior.] intus, adv., within, 167, 291, 703. [evTO?.] in'velio, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., bear in, 155. in'visus, -a, -um, hateful, 28, 387. [invideo = hate.] in'vius, -a, -um, adj., pathless, 537. [via.] lopas, -ae, m., the Carthaginian minstrel, 740. I6v-, stem of luppiter. ipse, -a, -um, pron., self, him- self, herself, itself, them- selves. ura. -ae,/., anger, 1, 11, etc. Italia, -ae, /., Italy, 2, 13, etc. Italus, -i, m., an Italian, 109. italus, -a, -um, adj., Italian, of Italy, 252. iter, itineris, n., way, road, journey, 370, 656. [ire, itum,] iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussum, v.a., command, hid, 577. iudicium, -i, n., judgment, de- cision, 27. [index, ins di- co.] iugo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., yoke, join, 345. [iugum.] iugum, -i, n., yoke, ridge, 498. [root lUG; cp. iu(n)go.] lulius, -i, m., the nomen of a Roman gens, to which C. lulius Caesar and his nephew Augustus belonged, 288. lulus, -i, m., son of Aeneas, 267, etc. iungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., join, link, 73; yoke, 568. [root lUG.] luno, -onis, /., queen of the gods, sister and wife of Jupiter. lunonius, -a, -um, adj., Ju- nonian, of Juno, 671. luppiter, 16 vis, m., Jupiter, king of gods and men. iiis, iuris, ??., right, law, 293. [distinguished from lex, as law in general from special enactments.] iussum, -i, n., command, 77. [iubeo.] iustitia, -ae, /., justice, 523, 604. [iustus.] iustus, -a, -um, adj., fair, 508; just, 544. [ins.] iuvenis, -is, m.f., youth, 321. iuventa, -ae, /., youth (ab- stract) , 590. [iuvenis.] inventus, -utis, /., youth (col- lective), 467. [iuvenis.] 110 LA TIN-ENGLISH iuvo, -are, iuvi, iutum, v.a., help, aid, 571; impers., it deliglits, 203. Karthago, -inis, /., Carthage, the ruins of which are near Tunis. l§,bor, -oris, m., toil, trouble, distress, 10 ; workmanship, 455 ; soils labores, eclipses, 742. [root ARBH = be ac- tive.] labor, -i, lapsus, v. dep., glide, swoop, 394, lS,boratus, -a, -um, worked, 639. [mbor.] lacrima, -ae, /., tear, 228. {cp. fiaxpu.J IS-crimor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., weep, 470. [lacrima.] laedo, -6re, -si, -sum, v.a., hurt, offend, 8. laetitia, -ae, /., gladness, 636. [laetus.] laetor, -ari, -iltus, v. dep., re- joice, 393. [laetus.] laetus, -a, -um, adj., glad, 35. [orig. plaetus, cp. latus (TrAaTO?) .] laeva, -ae {sc. manus), /., left hand, 611. [Aaios.] lapsus, -a, -um, part, of labor. ia,queare, -is, n., fretted ceil- ing, 726. largus, -a, -um, adj., copious, 4«)5. late, adv., far and wide, 21. [latus.] 15,teo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie hid, 108. lS,tex, -icis, 7)1., liquid, wine, 68(5, 736. Latinus, -a, -um, adj., Latin, of Latium, 6. Latium, -i, n., the broad plain near the mouth of the Tiber. Latona, -ae, /., mother by Jupiter of Apollo and Diana, 502. latus, -a, -um, adj., broad, wide, 427. [TrAarv?.] latus, -eris, n., side, 122, [orig. l^latus, cp. laetus.] laus, -dis, /., praise, 625; pZ., 609 ; virtue, 461. [root CLU ; cp. kAv'oj.] Lavinium, -\,n., the town built by Aeneas in Latium. Lavinus, -a, -um, adj., Lavin- ian. laxus, -a, -um, adj., loose, 63. [cp. AiJoj, luo, loose.] lectus, -a, -um, adj., chosen, 518. Leda, -ae, /., wife of Tyn- dareus, mother of Castor, Pollux, Clytemnestra, and Helen. 16go, -ere, legi, lectum, v.a., choose, 426, note. lenio, -ire, -ivi, -Itum, v.a., assuage, 451. [lenis = gentle.] 16 vis, -e, adj., light, 147. 16vo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., lighten, 330; raise, 145. [levis.] lex, IC'gis, /,, law, enactment, 507. [cp. lego.] VOCABULAEY. Ill libo, -are, -avi, -atvim, v.n., lightly touch, taste, 256; pour a libation, 737. [Aet'^co.] Liburni, -orum, in., a people of Illj'ria. Libya, -ae, /., North Africa, 2l>, etc. Libycus, -a, -um, adj., Libyan, African, 339. licet, r. imj^ers., it is lawful, 551. [rp. liuquo.] iimen, -inis, n., threshold (usu. in pL), 389. [root LIG = tie.J linquo, -ere, liqui, v. a., leave, .517. liquor, -qui, v. dep., flow, 432. [liqueo.] litus, -oris, n., shore, 3, etc. loco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., place, 213. [locus.] locus, -i (pi. -i and -a), m., place, spot, 51. longe, adv., far, afar, 13. longius, adv., farther, 262. longus, -a, -uni, adj., long, deep, 1.59, etc. loquor, -i, locutus, v. dej)., speak, say, Gli, 731. lorum, -i, n., thong; pi., reins, 156, 477. luctor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., struggle, 53. liicus, -i, m., grove, 450. ludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.n., sport, 397 ; mock, 352, 408. [ludus = play.] lumen, -inis, n., light, 590 ; pi., eyes, 226. [root LUC = shine ; cp. lux.] luna. -ae, /., moon, 742. [ = lucna, root LUC = shine.] lunatus, -a, -um, adj., crescent- shaped, 490. [luna.] luo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., atone for, i;36. [cp. A.ua).] lupa, -ae, /"., she- wolf, 275. [cp. AvKO?.] lustre, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., review, 453; search, 577; traverse, 608. [luo.] lustrum, -i, n., a purification, hence, the period between each formal purification of Rome by the Censors held every fifth year, at which a pig (or ram) , sheep, and bull were offered {suovetaiirilia). [luo.] lux, -cis, /., light, dawn, 306. [root LUC = shine.] luxus, -lis, m., magnificence, 637. \cp. laxus.] Lyaeus, -a, -um, adj., of Lyaeus or Bacchus, 686. [' the looser, ' Aiiaio?.] lychnus, -i, m., lamp, 726. [Av^t'os.] Lycius, -a, -um, adj., Lycian, from Lycia (in Asia Minor). Lycus. -i, m., a Trojan, 222. lympba, -ae, /., water, (pi.) 701, [same word as nym- pha.] lynx, -cis, /., a lynx, 323. [Avv^] maculosus. -a, -um, adj., spotted, dappled, 323. [ma- cula = spot.] 112 LA TIX-ENGLISn maereo, -ere, v.n., mourn, 197. ['7'. miser.] maestus, -a, -um, adj., sad, mourning, 202. [maereo.] magalia, -ium, n. pL, huts, 4l'l. [Punic •word.] magis, adc, more, 15. [cj:). majjnus.] mS-gister, -tri, m.., helmsman, 115. [root MAG; cp. min- ister.] mS.gistratus, -us, m., magis- trate, 42(). [magister.] magn- animus, -a, -um, adj., great-souled, 200. [magnus, animus.] magnus, -a, -um, adj., great, ."So. [cp. jaeya?, magis.] Maia, -ae,/., daughter of Atlas, mother of Mercury by Ju- piter, 297. maior, -us, adj., greater, 545. [i.e. magyor.] malum, -i, n., evil, trouble, 198. malus, -a, -um, adj., bad, evil, 352. mamma, -ae, /., a breast, 492. [cp. ma-ter.] maneo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.n., remain, 2(). [jueVco.] mantele, -is, ii., towel, 702. m^nus, -us, /., hand, 187; ^j*^., workmanship, 455, 592. mire, -is, n., sea, 32, etc. [root MAR = waste.] Mars, -tis, m., god of war, father of Romulus and Re- mus, 274. mater, -tris, /., mother, 314, etc. [c}). mamma.] maturo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., hasten, 1.37. [=mag-turo = make to grow.] Mavortius, -a, -um, adj., of Mavors, i.e. Mars, 276. maximus, -a, -um, adj., great- est ; ('."^p., eldest, 521. mecum = cum me, with me, 379. meditor, -ari, -atus, -sum, V. dep., design, 074. [root MADH = measure.] medius, -a, -um, adj., middle, mid, intervening. [ixeao^, fxeTa..] mel, mellis, n., honey, 432. [ueAt.] melius, adv., better, 452. membrum, -i, n., limb, 92. [root MEN = divide.] memini, -isse, v.n. defect., re- member, 203. [redupl. root ]\IEN = think; cp. moneo.] Memnon, -onis, m., beautiful son of Tithonus and Aurora, King of Ethiopians, killed at Troy, by Achilles, 489. memor, -oris, adj., mindful, 23. [= menor, root MEN.] memSro, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., recount, 8. [memor.] me n6, me, ne (enclitic), 37, 97. mens, -tis, /., mind, 20. [root MEN.] mensa, -ae, /., table, 216. [root MENS.] mensis, -is, m., month, 209. [root MENS.] mercor, -ari, -atus, v. dep.. VOCABULAEY. 113 purchase, 367. [root MAR = measure out.] meritum, -i, n., merit, desert, 74, IJl. [mereo = earu.] merum, -i, n., wine, slieer wine, 72ii. [merus = unmixed.] meta, -ae, /., limit, 278. [cp. metior = measure.] metuo, -ere, -ui, -utum, v. a., dread, 23, 61. [metus.] metus, -us, m., dread, fear, ^0( my, mine, -ui, v.n., glitter, of ego, 8. [orig. meus, -a, -um, adj 231. mice, -are flash, 90. mihi, dat. mibhi.] mille, card, adj., a thousand, •199; pi. subst. (milia), thou- sands, 491. minister, -tri, m., attendant, 705. [minus; cj9. magister.] ministro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., supply, 150, 213. [min- ister.] minor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., threaten, 162. [mineo = jut.] minor, -us, adj., less ; pi. .subst., descendants, 532. minus, adv., less, 633. [miror.] mirabilis, -e, adj., wonderful, •439. [miror.] miror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., won- der at, 421. [mirus.] mirus, -a, -um, adj., wondrous, 354. misceo, -ere, -ui, mixtum (mis- tum), v.a., mix, trouble, 124. [mix.] miser, -era, -erum, adj., wretched, hapless, 344. [cp. maestus.] miserabilis, -e, adj., pitiable, 111. [miser.] miseror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., \nty, 597. [miser.] mitesco, -ere, v.n., become mild, 291. [mitis.] mitto, -ere, misi, missum, v.a., send, 633; dismiss, 203. mode, adv., only, 389, 401. [modus, lit. 'by measure.'] mSdus, -i, ?»., manner {pL), 354. [root MAD; c^J. Me5lM^'os, moderor.] moenia, -ium, ??., walls, town- walls, 7, 95. [moenio, munio = fortify.] moles, -is, /., difficulty, 33; mass, 61, 134. molior, -iri, -itus, v. dep., bring about, 414; build, 424; con- trive, 564. [moles,] mollio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., calm, 57. [mollis.] mollis, -e, adj., soft, 693. [cp. jixaAaKO?.] monile, -is, n., necklace, 654. mons, -tis, m., mountain, 55, 61. monstro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., point out, 321. [monstrum, i.e. mon-es-trum = the warn- ing.] mora, -ae,/., delay, 414. moror, -ari, -atus, v. dep., delay, 670. [mora.] mors, -tis,/., death, 91. 114 LA TIN-ENGLISH morsus, -us, 7n., bite, 169. [iiiordeo.] mortaiis, -e, adj., mortal, 328. [mors.] mos, moris, m., custom, 336; /'/., laws, 264. moveo, -ere, movi, motum, v.a., move, excite, 135; open, 262. mulceo, -ere, mulsi, mulsum, v.a., soothe, (Mi. [c}). mul- gec] multus, -a, -um, adj., much, many (esp. iu pi.), 5, 31. munio, -Ire, -ivi, -itum, v.a., fortily, 271. munus, -eris, 7i., gift, 636. murmur, -uris, »., murmur, roaring sound, 55, 124. murus, -i, m., wall, 423, 483, [rp. munio, moenia.] MUsa, -ae,/., Muse, one of the nine nuises, 8. [ixovaa.] muto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., change, 658; mutare se, change (r.n.), 674. Mycenae, -firum, /., the chief city of Agamemnon in Argo- lis. nam, con}., for, 308. [vip, Eug. now.] uamque, couj., for, 65. nascor, -i, natus, v. dep., am born, 286. [root GNA = be born.] nata, -ae, ./'., daughter, 256, ()54. [root GNA; cp. nas- cor]. natus, -i, m., sou, 407, etc. [root GNA.] navigo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., sail over, ()2. [navis, ago.] navis, -is, /., ship, 120, etc. ne, (:o)}j., lest, 299. -ne, interrofjative enclitic par- ticle, 37, 97. nebula, -ae, /., cloud, mist, 412, 432. [cp. nubes, i-ec^eArj.] nee, conj., nor, and not, 38. necdum, conj., nor yet, 25. nectar, -aris, n., nectar (of honey), 433. [The drink of the gods in Homer.] necto, -ere, -xui, -xum, v.a., join. 448. nefandus, -a, -um, adj., ac- cursed, wrong, 543. [root FA.] nemus, -oris, ti., grove, 165. [le/xo?.] Neptunus, -i, m., Neptune, god of the sea, 125. nequa, conj., lest in any way, 682. n§qud, conj., nor, and not, 260; neque enim, for indeed . . . not, 198, 643. nequeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.n., nm unable, 713. [queo.] nequis, pron., lest any, 413, 674. nescio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v.n., l)e ignorant of, 565. [scio.] nescius, -a, -um, adj., ignorant, 299. neu, conj., nor, 413. [ne, ve = or.] ni, <-onj., if not, 58, 392. niger, -gra, -grum, adj., black, 489. VOCABULARY. 115 niliil, indecl. subst., nothing. [ne liilum.] nimbosus, -a, -um, adj., stormy, 535. [nimbus.] nimbus, -i, in., storm cloud, 51, 80. niteo, -ere, -ui, v.n., be bright, 228. niveus, -a, -um, adj., snowy, 4()i). [nix, nivis.] nodus, -i, m., knot, 296. nomen, -inis, n., name, re- nown, 248, 37G. [root GNO = know.] non, adv., not, 98. [orig. noenum, i.e. ne oenum (unum) =not one.] nos, proii. pi. of ego, 250. noster, -tra, -trum, adj., our, 330. notus, -a, -um, part., known, well known, GG9. [nosco.] notus, -i, m., the south wind, 85; wind (in general), 575. v6ro^.\ novem, card, adj., nine, 245. novitas, -atis, /., newness, 563. [novus.] ndvus, -a, -um, adj., new, 307. \yiFo<;.\ nox, -ctis,/., night, 80. {yv^.l noxa, -ae, /., guilt, 41. [noceo.] nubes, -is, /., cloud, 88. [root NUB = veil ; cp. nubo.] nudo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., lay bare, strip, 211, 356, [nudus.] nudus, -a, -um, adj., bare, 320. nullus, -a, -um, adj., no, none, 184. [ne ullus.] numen, -inis, n., divinity, divine power, 8, 48. [root NU=nod.] numerus, -i, m., number, 193. [(:p. I'ofj.o'i, ' that which is dealt out.'] nunc, adv., now, 220. nuntio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., announce, 391. [nuntius, i.e. novi-ventius.] nutrimentum, -i, n., fodder, 176. [nutrio = nourish.] nutrix, -icis, /., nurse, 275. [nutrio.] nympha, -ae, /, n., nymph, a class of inferior goddesses who haunted the sea, woods, etc. [= vvfji.4>rj.] 0, interj., O ! oh! oh, prep. 'With ace, on account of, 4, 41. {(-p. eTTu] ob'iectus, -us, m., jutting, [ob, iaeio.] ob'latus, -a, -um, part, of of'fero, meeting, 450. obTuo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., overwhelm, 69. ob'scurus, -a, -um, adj., shady, thick, 411. [root SCU = to cover ; cp>. scvitum.] ob'stipesco, -ere, -stipui, v.n., be astonished. ob"sto, -fire, -stiti, -stitum, v.n., hinder, 746. ob'tusus, -a, -um, adj., blunted, 567. [obtundo = blunt.] ob'tutus, -us, m., gaze, 495. [tueor = see.] 116 LA TIN-ENGLISH obvius, -a, -uin, adj., so as to meet, [ob, via.] oc'casus, -us, //(., fall, 238. [cfi.lo = fall.] occubo, -are, v.n., lie low, 547. [ob. cilbo.] OC'Culo, -ere, -cului, -cultum, r.d., hide, 312. [ob, eolo.] oc'cultus, -a, -um, adj., secret, 688. [occiilo.] oc"Cumbo, -ere, -cubui, -ciibi- tuiii, r.))., fall (in death), 97. [ob, cuiiibo.] oc'curro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., meet, 682. [ob, curro.] oceanus, -i, m., ocean, a river running round the earth. [a)»ceai'6s.J ociilus, -i, m., eye, 89. [cp. oa-o-o/uLa(. = see; Eng. eye.] odium, -i, n., hate, hatred, 361. [odi = I hate.] odor, -oris, in., smell, fra- grance, 403. [root OD; cp. oleo, 5^(0.] Oenotri, -orum, 7n., Oenotrians, in south-east Italy, 532 (poet. for Oenotrii). of'fero, -ferre, obtuli, oblatum, r.o.., put in the way. [ob, fero.] of-ficium, -i, n., kindness, 548. [ob, filcio.] Oileus, -i, in., father of the lesser Ajax, 41. olim, adv., hereafter, one day, 20, 203, 234, 289; formerly, 653. [olle.] olle, old form o/ille. Olympus, -i. m., Olympus, a mountain in Thessaly, on which Homer's gods dwelt; hen re, heaven, sky, 374. omni-potens, -tis, adj., al- mighty, 60. [omnis, putens.] omnis, -e, adj., all, every, 15, 32, 74. [perhaps akin to ambo.] onero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v. a., load, store, 195. [onus.] onus, -eris, n., load, 434. onustus, -a, -um, adj., laden, 289. [onus.] op-,/', defect., power, 601; pi., means, 14, 571. opimus, -a, -um, adj., rich, fer- tile, 621. [ob, *pimo = fatten; cp. pi'nguis.] op'perior, -iri, -peritus (per- tus) , V. dep., await, 454. [ob, *perior {whence peritus) ; cp. experior.] oppeto, -ere, -ivi, -itum, v. a., meet (death), die, 96. [ob, peto.] opprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pres- sum, v.a., overwhelm, 129. [ob, premo.] opto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., wish, 76; choose, 425. [root OP = look; Gk. 6ii/oMai.] Spulentus, -a, -um, adj., wealthy, 447. [op-.] opus, -eris, »., work, 455. [San- skrit, apas = work.] ora. -ae, /., shore, coast, 1, 95. orbis, -is, m., globe, world, 233: round, cycle, 269. ordior, -Iri, orsus, v. dep., be- gin, 325. [lit. 'lay a web.'] VOCABULARY. 117 ordo, -inis, m., order (esp. in abl.), 395. [root OR-; cp. oriov.] Oreas, -fidis, /., mountain- nj'lUph, 500. ['Opeias.] Oriens, -tis {sc. sol), the east, 28!). [orior.] origo, -luis, /., beginning, 372; descent, 286. [orior,] Orion, -ouis, in., a mighty- hunter, after death a con- stellation, 535 (note). orior, -iri, ortus, v. dep., rise, be sprung, G26. [root OR-, Cp. oprvfjiL.j ornatus, -us, 7n., adornment, ^ 650. [orno.] Orontes, -is, m., a Trojan, 113, 2'-:o. orsus, -a, -um, 2)art. of or- dior. ortus, -a, -um, pai'f. o/ orior. OS, oris, n., face, mouth, 315. [Sanskrit asya = face.] OS, ossis, 71., bone, 660 (note). [ocrreoi'.J osculum, -i, 72., mouth, kiss, 2.56. [dim. of os.] ostendo, -ere, -i, -turn, v.a., point out, 206. [obs, tendo.] Ostium, -i, 71., mouth (of river, etc.), 14, 400. [os.] ostrum, -i, n., purple, 639, 700. [ocrrpeov.] pabulum, -i, ??., food, grass, 473. [root PA, cp. pasco.] paenitet, -uit, v. impers., it repents, 549. [root PU = cleanse; cp. poena.] palla, -ae, /., shawl, [cp. pellis.] Pallas, -adis, /., epithet of Athena (confused with the Roman goddess Minerva) . pallidus, -a, -um, adj., pale, 354. [palleo, cp. pul- lus.] palma, -ae,/*., palm (of hand), 93, 481. [TraAafXT).] Paphos, -i, /., city in Cyprus sacred to Venus. Parcae, -arum, /., the three fates, viz. Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. parco, -ere, peperci, parsum, V.71., spare. [=sparco; cjy.. cTTTapro? = rare.] parens, -utis, 7n.f., parent, 75» 392. [pario.] pareo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n.,. obey, 682, 695. [intrans. form of paro = make ready.] pario. -ere, peperi, partum (paritum), v.a., bring forth. [Gk. e'TTOp'OV.j Paris, -idis, m., son of Priam, King of Troy, the ravisher of Helen and cause of the Trojan War, 27. Parius, -a, -um, adj., Parian,. of Paros (an isle in Aegaean) , 592. paro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a', prepare, 678. pars, -tis,/., part, 212; j^^t^s . . . pars, some . . . others, 423. [portio, e-rropoi'.] partior, -Iri, -itus, v. dep.,. divide, 194. [pars.] 118 LA TIN-ENGLISH partus, -lis, m., bringing forth, 274. [pfirio.] pasco, -ere, pavi, pastum, v. a., feed, 4G4. [root PA-; cj). l»a"liuluin, pa'stor.] Patavium, -i, »., town in North Italj', now Padua, pateo, -ere, -ui, v.n., lie open, 2<)8. [root PAT, cp. spatium.] pater, -tris, m., father, GO. [root PA = feed.] patera, -ae, /., goblet, 739. [pfiteo.] patior, pati, passus, v. dep., suffer, endure, 5; allow, 38G, note, patria, -ae, /., fatherland, country, 51. [pater.] patrius, -a, -um, adj., of a father, G20, 643. [pater.] pauci, -ae, -a, adj., few, 538. [root PAU-, CJ). navix), pau-lo, pau-per.] paulatim, adv., gi-adually, 720. [paukim.] pax, -cis, ./■., peace, 249. [root PAC, PAG, cp. pa(n)go, pa- ciscor.] pectus, -oris, n., breast, 36, 44. pecus, -oris, n., herd, lot, 435. [root PAG.] pecus, -udis, /., beast, 743. [root PAG.] pelagus, -i, n., sea, main, 138. [TreAayo?.] Pglasgus. -a, -um, adj., Pelas- giaii, of tlie Pelasgi, old in- habitants of Greece; hence, Greeks, 624. pelta, -ae, /., small, light, crescent-shaped shield, 490. \ne\Tr).\ , penates, -ium, m., household gods, 704. [root PA; cp. pater, j)anis; penus, pene- tro.] pendeo, -ere, pependi, pensum, v.n., liaug, be suspended, [cp. funda = sling.] penetro, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., enter, 243. [root PA-, see penates.] penitus, adv., within, deeply, 200. [root PA, see penates.] Penthesilea, -ae, /., queen of ^. the Amazons, slain before Troy by Achilles, 491. penus, -us, m., provisions, 704. [root PA-.] peplus, -i, m., robe, 408. [TreTrAo;.] per, pi^ep. with ace. (i.) of place, through, 59; through- out, ()91, 725; over, along, 18G, 214. (ii.) of time, through, during, 31, 305. \jiTap6..'] per-S,gro, -are, -avi, -atum, r.((., traverse, 384. perxutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussum, v.a., strike (metaph.), 513. [quatio.] perfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, v.a., bear, betake, 389. per-flo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., blow over, 83. ,], Pergima, -orum, n.X)l., citadel of Troy, 466, 651. per-go, -ere, perrexi, per- VOCABULARY. 119 rectum, v. a., proceed, 372. [per, rego.] periculum, -i, n., danger, 615. [root PERI; cp. opperior.] per'labor, -i, -lapsus, v. dep., glide over, liT. perTQisceo, -ere, -ui, -mixtum (mistum), v.a., mix, 488. per'initto, -ere, -misi, -missum, v.a., allow, 5i0. per'solvo, -ere, -i, -soMtum, v.a., pay, 600. per"s6no, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a., fill with souud, 741. per'tempto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., assail, 502. pes. pedis, m., foot, 404. [n-oi;?.] pestis, -is, m., jplague, 712. [=perd-tis; cjj. perdo.] peto, -ere, -ivl, -itum, v.a., seek, 181; make for, 158; attack, 717. [lit., fall upon, 7reT0/J.ai.] pharetra, -ae, /., quiver, 323. IjPapeTpa.] Phoebus, -i, m., Phoebus, an epithet of Apollo, 329. [(fyol^os = bright.] Phoenices, -um, m., Phoeni- cians, 344. Pboenissa, -ae, /., Phoenician woman {i.e. Dido), 670, 714. [fem. of Phoenix.] Phrygius, -a, -um, adj., Phry- gian, belonging to Phrygia, the north-west district of Asia Minor, in which Troy stood, hence, Trojan, 182, 381, 618. Phryx, -gis, m.f., a Phrygian, i.e. Trojan, 468. Pthia, -ae, /., a city of Thes- saly, birthplace of Achilles, 284. pictura, -ae, /., a picture, painting, 464. [pi(n)go = paint.] pictus, -a, -um, part., painted, embroidered, 708, 711. pietas, -atis, /., observance of duty, 10, ' 151, 253, 545. [liius.] pinguis, -e, adj., fat, 215, 635. [root PAG; c;^. pango.] plus, -a, -um, adj., observant of duty, loyal, 220, 305, 378,, 526,603. [cp. Wco?] placidus, -a, -um, adj., calm, 127, 249, 521, 691. [lit. = pleasing ; cp. placeo.] placitus, -a, -um, part., de- cided, 283. [impers. placet = it is decided.] placo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a.y calm, smooth, 142. plaga, -ae,/., region, 394. [root PLAC- = flat ; cp. planus.] plausus, -fis, 111., clapping, ap- plause, 747. [plaudo = clap the hands.] plenus, -a, -um, adj., full, 400, 460, 739. [root PLE ; cp. plebS, populus, 7ri>7rATj|at.] plus, compar. adj., more, 385. [root PLE.] plurimus, -a, -um, superl. adj., very many, 305 ; in mighty mass, 419. [root PLE.] pluvius, -a, -um, adj., rainy, 744. [pluo = rain ; cp. ttAcw = sail.] 120 LA TIN-ENGLISH poculum. -i, n., goblet, 706. [root F0 = drink.] poena, -ae,/., punishment, 136. [root PU ; see paenitet.] Poeni. -orum, m., Phoenicians, Ciirtlia.iiinians, 302, 442, 567. polliceor, -eri, -itus, i\ dep., promise, 237. [por {=TTp6^), iToeor.] pdlus, -i, ?n., pole, sky, 90, 398, ()08. [7r6Ao?.] pono, -ere, po-sui, po-s!tum, v.a., place, set, 278, 706; lay, 173; build, 264; lay aside, 291 , 302. [= por (= 7rp6?) , sino.] pontus, -i, m., sea, 40, etc. [ttotto?. J pdposci, redupl. perf. o/posco. pdpulo, -are, -avi, -atura, v.a., lay waste, 527. [populus = throw number of men over a country.] pSpulus, -i, m., people, tribe, 21, 148, 225, 263. [root PLE-, see planus.] porta, -ae, /., gate, 83. [root PAR = pierce.] porto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., bear, carry, 68. [= forto, frequ. of fero.] portus, -us, in., harbour, 159. [root PAR = pierce.] posco. -ere, poposci, v.a., de- nuind, 414, 728 ; request, 666. [root PORC- ; cp. precor.] pdsitus, -a, -um, part, of pono. possum, posse, potui, v.n., am able, 38. [potis, sum.] post, (i). adv., afterwards, 136, 612, 740; (ii.) prep, with ace, after, 296. {op. po-ne, post- remus.] post'h£lbeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., esteem less, neglect, 16. postquam, conj., after that, 154. pdtens, -tis, adj., lord {v:ith f/en.), 80; powerful, 531. pStentia, -ae, /., power, 664. [potens.] p6tior, -iri, -itus sura, v. dep., gain {loith ahl.), 172. [potis.] prae-cipue, adv., especially, 220. 712. [prae, capio.] praeda, -ae, /., prey, 210, 528. [= praeheuda ; from prae- hendo.] prae'mitto, -ere, -misi, -mis- sum, v.a., send forward, 644. praemium, -i, n., prize, re- ward, 461, ()05. [prae, emo = get before others.] praeruptus, -a, -um, part., broken off, rugged, 105. praesens, -tis, adj., present, iiistnnt, 91. [praesum.] praosepe, -is, n., an enclosure (of any kind), a hive, 435. prae'sto, -fire, -stiti, -stTtura, r./(., excel, 71; v. impiers., it is better, 135. praeterea. adv., hereafter, 49; moreover, 647, 653. [= praeter ea or praeter earn (rem).] praeverto. -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., prcoccujiy, 721. prae-vertor, v. dep., outstrip, 721. pr§mo, -ere, pressi, pressum, VOCABULARY. 121 v.a., keep down, 54, 209; tighten (reins), 63; oppress, 285; overwhelm, 24(3; pursue closely, 324, 467. Priamus, -i, m., the aged king of Troy, 458, 461, 487, 654, 7oO. pridem, adv., for a long time, long, 722. [pri (= prae) with demonstrative -dem.] primum, adv., firstly, 174, [primus.] primus, -a, -um, svperl. adj., first, earliest, 1 ; in the front rank, 24. [pri (= prae) ; cj). prior, prisons.] princeps, -cipis, in./., a chief, 488. [primus, capio.] prior, -oris, compar. adj., for- mer, first (of two), 321, 548, 581. [pri-.] priusquam, conj., before that, 192, 472. pro, prep., on behalf of, 24; in return for, 74; instead of, 659. procax, -acis, adj., saucy, wan- ton. .536. [cp. precor.] procella, -ae, /., storm, 85, 102. [pro; root CEL, cp. celer.] prScer, -eris, in., a noble, 740, [pro: CAR, root of creo.] procul, ad.v., far, 469. [cp. procello = drive away.] pro -do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v.a., betray, 252, 470. prdficiscor, -i, profectus, v. dep., set forth, 340, 732. [lit,, 'make forth,' pro, facio.] pro 'for, -fari, -fatus, v. dep., speak out, 561. prd'ftigxis, -a, -um, adj., fugi- tive, 2. pro fundus, -a, -um, adj., deep, high, 58. progenies, -ei,/., offspring, 19, 2."i0. [root GEN; cp. gigno.] prohibeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., keep away, 525, 540, [habeo.] proles, -is,/., offspring, 75, 274. [pro, root AL, cp. alo.] pro'luo, -ere, -i, -tum, v.a., drench, swill, 739. [cp. Kovia.'] pro-mitto, -ere, -nnsi, -missum, v.a., promise, 258. pronus, -a, -um, adj., forward, headlong, 115. [root PRA; cp. prae, n-pai'jjs.] propius, adv., more nearh^ nearer, 526. [prope; pro, demonstrative -pe.] proprius, -a, -um, adj., my (thy, etc.) own, 73, prora, -ae, /., prow, 104. [-poipa.] proTuptus, -a, -um, part., bursting forth, 246. [l^ro- rumpo.] prospectus, -iis, m., outlook, view. 181. Q)ro"spicio.] pro'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- tum, v.a., look forth, 127; espy, 185, [specio.] proximus, -a, -um, svperl. adj., nearest, 157. [prope.] pubes, -is, /., youth, 399. [root PU = beget ; cp. puer,] puer, pueri, m., boy, 267. [root PU = beget; cp. pubes.] OF TER 122 LA TIN-ENGLISH pugna, -ae,/., battle, 450. [root PUG; cp. puiigo, pugil.] pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj., beauteous, fair, 72, 75. [i.e. pol-eer, root POL = bright.] pulsus, -a, -um, part, of pello. pulvis, -eris, m., dust, 478. Punicus, -a, -um, a(JJ., Punic, Carthaginian, 338. [Poeni.] puppis, -is, /., ship's stern, ship, 69, 115. purgo, -are, -avi, -utum, v.a., clear, 587. [coutr. from pfirigo; purus, ago.] purpureas, -a, -um, adj., red, bright-coloured (a very vague word), 337, 591. Q^urpura.] Pygmalion, -onis, ni., Dido's brother, 347, 364. qua, where, 401, 418. [qui.] quaere, -ere, quaeslvi, quae- situm, v.a., seek, 380, 595; inquire, 309, 370. quails, -e, adj., of such a kind as, such as, 31(5, 430, 498, 539 ; of what kind, 752. quam, conj., than, 192, 472; adr., how, 327. quando, roiij., since, 201. quantus, -a, -um, adj., how gi-rat, 719, 752. quare, adv., wherefore, G27. quasso, -fire, -avi, -utum, v.a., shatter, 551. [quatio.] qua,t§r, adv., four times, 94. -qu§, co-ord. conj. {enclitic folloioimi its word), and. qu§ror, -i, questus, v. dep., complain, 385. qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.y who, what, which, 1, G2, etc. quid, interrofj. adv., why? 407, 518, 745. quies, -etis, /., rest, 691, 723. l/'jy. KelfiaL.j quiesco, -ere, -evi, -etum, v.n., rest, 249. [quies.] quietus, -a, -um, ac(/., tranquil, 303. [quies.] quin, adv., nay more, 279. [qui (abl.),ne.] quinquaginta, card, adj., fifty, 703. quippe, adv., indeed, forsooth, .".9. 59, 661. [qui (abl.), -pe.] Quirinus, -i, m., a name of the deified Romulus, 292. [prob. from Sabine town Cures.] quis, quae, quid (qui, quae, quod), interrofj. pron., who? what? which? 76, etc. \cp. quisquam, quaequam, quic- quam ((piidquam) , pron., any one, 48. quisquis. quaeqnae, quicquid (quodquod, quidquid), pron., whosoever, 387. quo, adv., whither, where, 442, (Ml. quocirca, adr., wlierefore, 673. quondam, adv., formerly, 421. [quom (=cum), demonstr., dam.] qu6que, adv., also, 5, etc. rabies, -ei,/., rage, 200. ripidus, -a, -um, adj., swift, violent, 42, 117, 644. [rupio.] VOCABULARY. 123 rS-pio, -ere, -iii, raptum, v.a., carry off, 28, 528 ; catch, 176 ; snatch, rescue, 378. [root RAP ; Cp. apndi^ix).] rapto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., dvdg, 483. [rapio.] rarus, -a, -um, adj., scattered, here and there, 118. ratis, -is, /., ship, hark, 43. [rp. epeTr?s = a rower.] recens, -tis, adj., fresh, 417. [re, cand-; cp. candeo.] rexipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, v.a., get back, rescue, 178, 553, 583. [capio.] recludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., disclose, 358. [claudo.] re'condo, -ere, -didi, -dituin, v.a., hide away, 681. rectum, -i, n., right, 604. [rego.] re'curso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., come again and again, 662. [curro.] red"do, -ere, -didi, -ditum, v.a., give back, 401). [red (=re), do.] redoleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., be fragrant, 436. [red (=re), oleo.] re'duco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., bring back, 143. re* dux, -ducis, adj., returned, 390, .397. rgductus, -a, -um, adj., retired, 161. [reduco.] re'fero, -ferre, rettiili, relatum, r.a., utter, 94, 208; change, 281 ; bring back, 309. refulgeo, -ere, -fulsi, v.n.. shine, be resplendent, 402, 588. re'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, v.a., pour back, re'fusus, -a, -um, part., stream- ing back, 126. regalis, -e, adj., royal, 637, 686. [root REG ; cp. rex, rego.] regina, -ae, f., queen, 9, etc. [root REG.] regio, -onis, /., country, 460. [root REG.] regius, -a, -um, adj., royal, princely, 443, 631, 677, 696. [rex.] regno, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., reign, 141, 265, 272. [root REG.] regnum, -i, n., reign, realm, seat of empire, 17, 78, etc. [root REG.] rego, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., rule, control, 153, 230, 340. [root REG; cp. opeyo).] re'latus, -a,-um,p«ri., brought back, 390. reliquiae, -arum,/., remnants, 30, 598 (see note) . [relinquo.] remigium, -i, n., oarage, 301. [remus, ago.] re'mordeo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., gnaw, torture, 261. re'moveo, -ere, -movi, -motum, r.a., take away, 216, 723. remus, -i, m., oar, 552. [eper/oto?.] Eemus, -i, m., the brother of Romulus, 292. re'pendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., weigh back, repay, 239. 124 LA TIN-EN GL IS II r6pent6, adv., suddenly, o8G, 5; 14. r6p§to, -Qre, -ivi (-ii), -Itum, r.ii., search, search l)ack, 'M2. repono, -ere, -pnsui, -positum, v.a., lay up, 2(5 ; restore, 253. rgquiro, -ere, -quisivi, -quisi- tum, v.a., seek, 217. [({uaero.] res, rei, ./"., thing; but to be variously translated accord- ing to the context, 178, 204, 207, 229, etc. [root RA- = think ; cp. reor, ratus.] r§ses, -Tdis, adj., stagnant, quiet, 722 ; (notn. sincj. does not occur), [re, sedeo.] resido, -ere, -sedi, -sessum, v.n., sit down, 50G. re'sisto, -ere, restiti, v.n., stand forth, 58G. respecto, -are, -avi, -utum, v.a., regard, 603. respondeo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., answer to, 585. re'sto, -sire, -stiti, v.n., remain, 556 ; survive, 679. r^supinus, -a, -um, adj., with upturned lace, 476. resurgo, -ere, -surrexi, -sur- rectum, v.n., rise again, 206. rStego, -ere, -texi, -tectum, v.(t., reveal, disclose, 356. r6'viso, -ere, -visi, v.a., revisit, 415. rgvdco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., recall, pluck up, 202, 214; revive, 235. r«x, regis, m., king, 52, etc. Khesus, -i, m., a Thracian prince whose horses were taken and himself slain by Ulysses and Diomedes, 4(59. rigeo, -ere, -m, v.n., be stiff, 458. [('p. frigeo.] rima, -ae,/., chink, 123. [root RIG = gape.] ripa, -ae,/., bank, 498. robur, -oris, n., hard wood, strength. rSglto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., ask often, 750. [rogo.] Roma, -ae,/., Rome, 7. [perh. from root SRU = Srouma, i.e. River-town.] Rdmanus, -a, -um, adj., Ro- man, of Rome, 33. Eomani, -oruni, m., Romans, '234, 277, 282. Romulus, -i, m., the reputed founder of Rome, 276. rdseus, -a, -um, adj., rosy, beauteous, 402. [rosa.] rdta, -ae,/., wheel, 147. rudens, -entis, m., cable, 87. [peril, cp. rudo = creak.] ruina, ae, /., downfall, fall, 129,238,647. [ruo.] ruo, -ere, -i, -itum, v.a., tear up. 35 ; v.n., rush forth, 83, 85. rupes, -is, /., rock, 162, 310, 429. [rumpo.] rus, vuris, n., country, field, 430. RutMi, -orum, ni., the Rutu- lians, a people of Latiuni, 266. Sibaeus, -a, -um, adj., Sa- baean, 416. [Saba, the chief town in Arabia Felix, famous for fraukincense.J VOCABULARY. 125 sacerdos, -otis, m.f. (priest), priestess, 273. [siicer,] sacratus, -a, -um, part., conse- crated, sacred, 681, [sacro.] saeculum, -i, n., generation, age, 2!tl, 445, 606. saepe, adv., often, 148, 669. saepio, -ire, saepsi, saeptum, v.d., hedge in, surround, 411, 432, 506. [saepes.] saevio, -ire, -ii, -itum, v. a., rage, 149. [sae\'Tis.] saevus, -a, -um, adj., raging, cruel, fierce, 4, 25, 99, 138, 458. sagitta, -ae, /., arrow, 187. [root SAGH = sharp.] sal, salis, m. (salt), brine, 35, 173. [cp. aAs.] saltern, adv., at least, 557. [aceus. of salus, lit. = saving.] salum, -i, n., the salt sea, 537. [|al.] salus. -utis,/., safety, 451, 463. [root SAR = guard ; cp. sal- vus. servo ; oAo?, whole. Samos, -i, /., Sainos, a large island off the west coast of Asia Minor sacred to Juno, 16. sanctus, -a, -um, adj., sacred, 426. [sancio.] sanguis, -inis, m., blood, race, parentage, 19, 235, 329, 550. Sarpedon, -onis, m., king of Lycia, slain at Troy, 100. sator, -oris, m., father, 254. [sero, root SA = sow.] Saturnia, -ae, /., daughter of Saturn, i.e. Juno, 23, Saturnius, -a, -um, adj., Sa- turnian, 569. saxum, -i, n., rock, crag, rocky- cave, 108, 109. [cp. seco.] scaena, -ae, /., stage, back- ground, 164, 429. [<TK-rjvq.] scelus, -eris, n., crime, guilt, 347, 356. sceptrum, -i, n., sceptre, power, 57, 78, 253, 653. [crKTJTTTpOl'.J scnicet, adv., you must know, [scire, -licet.] scindo, -ere, scidi, scissum, v.a., cleave, 161, 587. scintilla, -ae, /., spark, 174. [cp. airu-erip.] scio, -Ire, scivi, scitum, v.n., know, know how, 63, 682. scdpulus, -i, m., rock, crag, cliff, 45, 145, 163, 166, 180. [cTKOTreAo?,] scutum, -i, n., shield, 101. [see obscurus.] Scyllaeus, -a, -um, of Scylla, a sea-monster with dogs about the middle, haunting the rock on the Italian coast, opposite to Charybdis on the Sicilian coast, 200. se, reflexive pronoun, him-, her-, itself, themselves, 131, etc. ss'cessus, -us, m., retired spot, 159. [cedo.] seco, -are, -ui, -tum, v.a., cut, cleave, 212. se'cludo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., dismiss, 562. [claudo.] secum = cum se, 37, etc. 126 LA TIN-ENGLISH s6cundus, -a, -nm, adj., follow- ing, 15lJ ; prosperous, 2U7. [sequor.] securus, -a, -um, adj., care- less, recking uot of. [se, cura.] sgcutus, -a, -um, 2)art. of sequor. sSd, conj., but, 00, etc. ; sed euim, yet forasmuch as, etc. (Gk. diAAa ydp) , 19. [old abl. = ' by itself.'] sedeo, -ere, scdi, sessum, t'.??., sit. 295. sedes, -is, /., seat, home, abode, 84, 205, 247, 415, 557, G81. [sedeo.] sedile, -is, n., seat, 167. [sed- eo.] seditio, -onis,/., civil discord, 14! t. [se, do.] semita, -ae, /., path, by-way, by-road, 418. [se = apart, meo = go.] semper, adv., always, 609. [i'2). semel; and for -per, tautisper.] senatus, -us, m., senate, 426. [senex.] seni, -ae, -a, adj., six each, six (poetical) , 393. [sex.] sententia, -ae, /., opinion, pur- pose, 237, 260, 582. [seu- tio.] sentio, -ire, -si, -sum, i\a., per- ceive, 125. septem, cardinal adj., seven, 17'), l'.t2, 383. [enrd.] Septimus, -a, -um, ordinal adj., seventh, 755. [septem.] sequor, -i, sdcutus, v. dep., follow, 342, .382. sereno, -are, -avi, -fitum, v.a., calm, clear up, 255. [rp. sol.] Serestus, -i, m., a follower of Aeneas, 611. Sergestus, -i, m., a follower of Aeneas, 510. series, -ei,/., succession, chain, 641. [sero = joiu.] sermo, -onis, m., talk, dis- course, 217, 748. [sero = join.] serta, -orum, n., wreaths of flowers, garlands, 417. [sero = join.] servitium, -i, n., slavery, 285. [servus.] servo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., keep, preserve, 207, 546. sese = se. seu, conj., or if; sen . . . sire, whether ... or if, 218, 569. [=si've.] si, conj., if, 372; si forte, if perchance, 151. sibi, dat. of se, 604. sic, adv., so, thus, even so, 22. [= si'ce (demonstr.) .] Sicania, -ae, f, another name lor Sicily, 557. Siculus, -a, -um, adj., Sicilian, ;'.4. Sidon, -onis, /., an old and famous town of Phoenicia, the mother city of Tyre, 619. Sidonius, -a, -um, adj., Sido- nian, 44(5, 613, 678. sidus, -cris, n., constellation. VOCABULARY. 12T 93. 103, 259, 608. [atSr^pog = moUen irou ; sudo.] signum, -i, n., eusigu, 443; tigure, 648. silentium, -i, n., silence, 730. [sileo.] slleo, -ere, -ui, v.n., am silent, 152, 164. silex, -icis, m., flint, 174. [root SAR = solid; ep. solum.] silva, -ae,/., wood, forest, 164, 314. [c]}. vAtj.] simais, -e, adj:, like, 136. [a:xa, Simulo.] Simois, -eutis, m., a small river of the Troad, 100, 618. simul, adv., at the same time, 144. [afj:a.] simulo, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., feign, pretend, 209, 352, 710. [simul, similis.] sin, conj., but if, 555. [si-ne.] sine, prep., without, 133, 279. [si- (demonstr.) ne ; lit. = ' there not.'] singtili, -ae, -a, distributive adj., one at a time, each apart, 453. [cp. simiil.] sino. -ere, sivi (sii), situm, v.a., allow, 453. sinus, -us, m., curve, hollow, hay, 161, 243; fold (of a dress) , 320. si'qua, conj., if at all, 18. si-quis (-qui), -qua, -quid (-quod), indef.pron., if any, 181. si"ve. conj., or if, 219, 570. socio, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., associate, 600. [sOcius.] sdcius, -i, in., ally, 194, etc. [cp. sequor.] sol, solis, m., the sun, 431, etc. pL, 745. \cp. serenus, o-eAas.] solus, -a, -urn, adj., only, alone, 597. [cp. sollus, salvus, oAo?.] sdlium, -i, n., throne, 506. [cp. sedeo.] sdlitus, -a, -um, part., accus- tomed, Avont, 730. [soleo.] solor, -ari, -atus, v. dep., com- fort, 239. sdlum, -i, n., the ground, 367, 482. [cp. sol id us.] solvo, -ere, -i, solutum, v.a., relax, 92; dismiss, 463, 562. [=se, luo.] somnus, -i, m., sleep, 353. [= sompnus ; cp. vttvos.] sono, -are, -ui, -itum, v.n., sound, resound, 200, 246, 328. sonorus, -a, -um, adj., roaring, 53. [sono.] sopio, -ire, -ivi (-ii,) -itum, v.a., lull, 680. [sopor; cj). som- nus.] soror, -oris,/., sister, 47. sors, -tis, /., lot, 139. [sero = join ; c/7. fors, fero.] spargo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., scatter, 602. [cp. o-n-etpa).] Spartanus, -a, -um, adj.. Spar- tan, of Sparta, 316. speculor, -ari, -atus sum, v. dep., spy, peer forth, 516. [specio.] spelunca, -ae, /., cavern, 60. [aTTri\vy^.] sperno, -ere, sprevi, spretum, 128 LA TIN-Ey^GLISII v.«., despise, 27. [root SPAR = quick movement, lit. re- ject; c/5. spurious.] spero, -fire, -avi, -atum, v. a., liope lor, 451 ; look for, 543, spes, -ei, /., hope, 209. [root SPA = draw out; cp. spa- tium.] spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., l.i'eathe, 404. splendidus, -a, -um, adj., bi'il- liaut, ()oT. [splendeo.] sp61ia, -orum, n., spoils, 289, 4.S(). sponda, -ae, /., couch, sofa, (i!)S. spretus, -a, -um, par^. of s))eriio. spuma, -ae, /., foam-flake, 35. [sj)uo = spit.] spiiino, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., loam, 324. [spuma.] stabilis, -e, adj., tirm, 73. [root STA ; cp. StO, 'ia-Trjixi,] stagnum, -i, n., staudiui^ water, pool, 12(). [root STA.] statuo, -ere, -i, -tum, r.«., build, 573; place, 724. [root STA.] sterno, -dre, stravi, stratum, v.a., lay low, 190; spread, 700. [root STAR = spread.] steti, reditpl. per/, of sto. stipo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., press close, accompany, 497. ['7'. <TTtf/)lO.J stirps, -pis.y"., race, stock, G26. [lit. 'that which spreads,' root STAR.] stratus, -a, -um, parf. of sterno ; strata viarum = paved streets, 422. strepitus, -us, m., din, noise, 422, 725. [strepo.] strido, -6re, -di, v.n., hiss, creak, 397, 449. stridor, -oris, m., creaking, rattling, 87. [strido.] stringo, -ere, -nxi, strictum, v.a., gather, cut, 552. [cp. strong.] struo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., pile up. 704. studium, -i, n., pursuit, 14. [cp. amevSiiji;, crTTOvSrj.j stupeo. -ere, -ui, v.n., am amazed, 495. [cp. perh. Homer's ra^os = wonder.] suadeo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., persuade, 357. [cp. suavis (suad'vis), rj^v?.] svib, prep. iv. ace, sub noctem, at night-fall; lo. abl., under, 3f). 95. subduco, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., draw up, 551, 573. sub'eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., come up, approach, 171, 400. sub'igo, -ere, -egi, -actum, v.a., snlxlue, 266. [sitb, ago.] subito, adv., suddenly, 88, 509. [sub'eo.] subitus, -a, -um, adj., sudden, 5.T). [sub'eo.] suMimis, -e, adj., on high, 415. submerge, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., overwhelm, 40, 69, 585. subnecto, -6re, -nexui, -nexum, v.a., bind beneath {lo. dat.), 492. VOCABULARY. 129 sub-nixus, -a, -um, }Kirt., rest- ing iipou. [sub'iiitor.J subrideo, -ere, -si, -sum, v.a., smile, 25i. subvolvo, -ere, -vi, -utum, v.a., roll beneath, 424. suc'cedo, -ere, -ssi, -ssum, v.n., come beneath (iv.dat.), 627., suc'Cinctus, -a, -ura, adj., girt up, 323. [sub, cingo.] suc'curro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.n., run to the rescue, aid, 630. [sub, curro.] suf'fundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum, v.n., fill, suffuse, steep, 228. [sub, fundo.] sulcus, -1, 7?i., furrow, 425. [c/>. oAicd?, eA.K(o = drag.] sum, esse, fui, v. irreg., I am, 378, etc. [= esum, from root ES; cj). eiixC; perfect tenses formed from root FU-.] summus, -a, -um, adj., top, topmost, 127, etc. ; summns fluctus, the crest of a wave, 106; swnmo ore, 737; of persons, most high, 380. [superl. of superus.] super, prep, icith ace, upon, 295, 700; above, 680, 681; vnth ahl., concerning, 29 (see note), 750; upon, 700. {cp. VTrep.J superbia, -ae, /., haughtiness, 529. [superbus.] superbus, -a, -um, adj., haughty, proud, 21. [su- per.] super emineo, -ere, -ui, v.n., rise above, out-top, 501. supersum, -esse, -fui, v.n., sur- vive, 383. sup^ri, -um, m., the gods above, 4. [super.] supero, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., overcome, 350, 537; pass, 244. [super.] sup'plex, -plicis, adj., suppli- ant, 49, 64. [sub, plico; lit., bending the knees.] suppliciter, adv., in suppliant guise, 481. [supplex.] sura, -ae,/., the calf of the leg, 337. surgo, -ere, surrexi, surrectum, v.n., rise, 366. [contr. from surrigo ; sub, rego.] sus'cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, v.a., catch up, receive, 175. [sub, capio.] sus'pendo, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., hang, 318. [subs (i.e. sub), pendo.] suspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum, v.a., regard, 438. [subspecio.] su'spiro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., sigh, 371. [sub-spiro.] suus, -a, -um, possess. p?'o?i., his-, her-, its-, their-, own. Sychaeus, -i, m. Dido's hus- band, 340, 343 (y),720. syrtis, -is,/., a quicksand, esp. that near Carthage, 111, 146. [Suprt?.] tabeo, -ere, -ui, v.n., drip, 173. [root TA ; cpj. ttj/cw ; for suffix, cp. ple-bes.] td,bula, -ae, /., plank, 119. [root TA, TAB ; cp. taberna.] 130 LA TIN-ENGLISH tacitus. -a, -urn, adj., silent, .■)(»_'. [ti'iceo.] talis, -e, adj., such, 50, 94. [demonstr. root TA.J tam, coDJ., so, 53!>. [ace. fem. of (lenioustrative; cp. turn.] t3,meii, <tdi\, nevertheless, 247. [stronger form of tam.] tandem, adi'., at length; in qiiestlon!<, pray, prithee, 331, 3(i9. [tan dem (demonstr. suffix) .] tango, -ere, tetigi, tactura, v.a., touch, 41)2. [root TAG; cp. take.] tantus, -a, -um, adj., so great, 11. tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow, taurimis, -a, -um, adj., of a bull, 74(). [taurus.] taurus, -i, m., a bull, 634. [(ik. TaOpos, Eng. steer.] tectum, -i, n., roof, house, 425. [tego = cover.] tecum = cum te, 74. tegmen, -Tnis, n., covering, hide, 275, 323. [tego.] tellus, -uris,/., land, 34. telum, -i, n., weapon, bolt, 99. [= texlum, same root as TO^Dl ■•] temno, -ere, -psi, -ptum, v.a., despise, think scorn of, 542, 6(55. [root TAM = cut ; cp. Tt'/jira). J tempero, -are, -avi, -utum, v.a., allay, restrain, (iO. [tem- jins.] tempestas, -atis, /., weather, storm, 53, 80. [tempus.] templum, -i, 7?., temple, 416. [= tOululuni ; cp. reMti'OS.] tempto, -are, -ilvi, -utum, v.a., try, attempt, 721. [tendo.] tempus, -oris, n., time, season, 278. [root TEM-= cut.] tendo, -ere, tetendi, tensum (tentum), v.a., stretch, 93; make for, 554; v.n., make one's way, 205. [root TAX ; cp. teueo, Teii'iu.] tgneo, -ere, -ui, -turn, v.a., hold, occupy, 308. [root TAN.] tentorium, -i, n., tent, 469. [tcudo.] tentis, prep., as far as (icith abl.), 737. [root TAN-; cp. teneo.] t6r, adv., thrice, three times, 94, 116. tergum, -i, 7i. {also tergus, -Oris, n.), back, 296; hide, 211, 368; a ten/o, behind, 186. termino, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., limit, 287. [same root as trans., intrare.] terni, -ae, -a, distributive nu- meral, three each, three, 266 (note). terra, -ae, /., land, 3, 58, 83. [lit. the dry (land) ; cp. torreo.] terreo, -C-re, -ui, -itum, v.a., Iri-liten, alarm, 230. tertius, -a, -um, ordinal adj., third, 265. testiido, -Tnis, /., a tortoise, and from the shape of the shell, an arch, 505. [testa.] f VOCABULARY. 131 Teucer, -cri, m., (i.), son of Telamon aud half-bro^tlier of the greater Ajax. Returning from Troy without Ajax, and expelled from Salamis near Athens, he founded Salamis in Crete, 610. (ii.) a king of Troy. Teucri, -orum, m., the descend- ants of Teucer, the king of Troy, i.e. Trojans. theatrum, -i, n., theatre, 427. \_0eaTpov,j thesaurus, -i, m., treasure, 359. \_9ri(Tavp6<;.j Threissa, -ae, fern, adj., Thra- cian, 316. [©pijicraa.] thymum, -i, n., thyme, 436. [0Ufx6l'.J Tiberinus, -a, -um, adj., of Tiber, the river on which Rome stood, 13. Timavus, -i, m., a river in Istria, near Trieste, 244. timeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.a., fear, 661. timer, -oris, m., fear, 202. tinguo, -ere, -nxi, -nctum, I'.a., dip, 745. togatus, -a, -um, adj., wearing the toga or gown, esp. an epithet of Romans, as opp. to foreigners, 282. [toga.] tollo, -ere, sustiili, sublatum, v.a., raise, lift, uplift, 66. [root TLA; cp. tiili.] tondeo, -ere, totondi, tonsum, v.a., shear, clip, 702. [cjo. Te'ju.va).J torqueo, -ere, torsi, tortum, v.a., twist, hurl, 108, 117. torreo, -ere, -ui, tostum, v.a., roast, 173. tSrus, -i, m., a cushioned couch, 708. tdt, adj., so many, 9. totidem, adj., just so many, 705. totiens, adv., so often, 407. totus, -a, -um, adj., the whole, all, 29. trabs, trabis, /., beam, 449, 552. traho, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., draw, 371 ; drag, 477. traicio, -ere, tra'ieci, tra- iectum, v.a., pierce, 355. [trans'iacio.] tra-ieetus, -a, -um, j^art. of tra'icio. trans-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v.n., pass by, 266. trans-fero, -ferre, -tidi, -latum, v.a., remove, 271. transfigo, -ere, -fixi, -fixum, v.a., pierce, 44. tremo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v.n., quiver, 212. tres, -tria, card, adj., three, 110. tridens, -ntis, m., trident, three-pronged fork (the esp. attribute of Neptune as ruler of the sea), 138, 145. [tri- dens.] triginta. card, adj., thirty, 269. Trinacrius, -a, -um, adj., Tri- nacrian, i.e. Sicilian, 196. [lit. three-cornered, from the shape of the island.] triones, -um, the constellation 132 LA TIN-ENGLISH of the Wain, with gemini, the Great and the Little Bear, 744. [perh. = the plough- oxen.] tris. tria, see tres, 108. tristis. -e, <(dj., sad, 228. Triton, -onis, in., a son of Nep- tune and inferior sea-god, 144. Troia, -ae, ./'., Troy, a city in north-west Asia Minor Avhere the famous Trojan war took place, 24. Troianus, -a, -um, adj., Trojan, lit. Troiius, -a, -um, adj., Trojan, of Troy, 119. Tros. Trois, m., a Trojan, usu. pi. {ace. pi., Troas, 30). tu, pers. pron., thou, 78. tueor, -eri. -Ttus, v. dep., watch, unard, 5(34. tuli. used as perf. of fero, 314. [see tollo.j turn, adv., then, 18, G4. [see tani.] ttimidus, -a, -um, adj., swollen. [tunico.] tundo, -ore, tutudi, tunsum (tusuni), beat, 481. tung, art thou? G17. turba, -ae,/., crowd, 191. turbo, -are, -fivi. -atura, v.a., tn)ul)le, disturb, 395, 551. [tnrl)a.] turbo, -inis, ?»., wliirlwind, hurricane, 45, 83. [turba.] tus, turis, n., frankincense, 417. [to SJo?.] tutus, -a, -um, adj., safe, 243. [tueor.] tuus, -a, -um, thy. Tydides, -ae (roc, -e), m., son of Tydeus, i.e. Diomede, one of the bravest of the Greeks at Troy, 97. Typhoeus, -a, -um, adj., Ty- phueau, of Typhdeus, a giant slain by Jupiter and cast beneath Aetna, Ck\o. tyrannus, -i, m., king, tyrant, o(il. [riipaiTO?.] Tyrius, -a, -um, adj., Tyrian, hence Carthaginian, Carthage being sprung from Tyre, 12, 20. Tyrrhenus, -a, -um, adj., Tyr- rhene, Etruscan, esp. as a name of the sea west of Italy, 67. Tyrus, -i, /., Tyre, an old and prosperous commercial city on the coast of Phoenicia, 340. uber. -eris, 7?., richness, 531. [cp. ovftap, Eng. udder.] ubi, conj., i. {nf time), when, 81, 405, 592, 715: ii. {of place), where, 98, 99. 100, 205, 3()5, 4in, 693. [i.e. cu-bi ; qui : cp. ibi.] ubique, adv., everywhere, 601. uUus. -a. -um, any at all, icith {expressed or implied) ner/a- fire, 169. umbra, -ae,/., shade, 165. umecto, -are, -avi. -atuni, v.a., wet. l)edew, 465. [umeo.] umgrus, -i, m., shoulder, 318. [cp. di/xos.] VOCABULABT. 133 una, adv., together, 47, 85. [abl. fern, of unus.] uncus, -a, -um, adj., crooked, 169. unda, -ae,/,, wave, 106. unde, coni., whence, 6. unus, -a, -um, adj., one, 41. urbs, urbis, /., city, 12. [lit. a strong place.] urgeo, -ere, -si, v. a., drive, 111. [Eng. work.] uro, -ere, ussi, ustum, v. a., bnrn, 662. usquam, adv., anywhere, 604. ut, adv., how, 667. ut, conj. A. luith Ind., i. {of time), when, 306, 486; ii. {comparative), as, 397; B. with Siibj. {final), in order that, 74, 298. uti, adv., how, that, 466. utinam, particle, O that ! 575. utor, -i, usus, V. dep., use, 64. vaco, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n., have leisure, 373. vadum, -i, n., shallow, shoal, 112. v§,lidus, -a, -um, adj., strong, mighty, 120. [valeo.] vallis, -is, /., vale, valley, 186. vanus, -a, -ura, adj., empty, 352 ; of persons, false, 392. [cp. vaco.] vS,rius, -a, -um, adj., varied, 204. vasto, -are, -avi, -atum, v. a., lay waste, 471, 622. [vastus.] vastus, -a, -um, adj., huge, vast, 52, 118. [cp. vanus, vacuus.] -ve, enclitic, or. veho, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.a., carry, hear, 121. vel, conj., or, 316, 746. velamen, -inis, n., veil, 649, 711. [velo.] velrvSlus, -a, -um, adj., winged with sails, 224. [lit. sail-flying, velum, volare.] velum, -i, n., sail, 35, 103. [root VAR = cover; cp. vel- lus.] vSlut, adv., just as, 82. veluti, adv., just as, 148. vendo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, v.a., sell, 484. [venum-do.] venenum, -i, n., poison {meta- phor), 688. venia, -ae, /., pardon, grace, 519. [cp. Venus, veneror.] venio, -ire, veni, ventum, v.7i., come, 2. ventus, -i, m., wind, 43, 53. [Eng. wind.] Venus, -eris,/., goddess of love and beauty, identified with Greek Aphrodite ; the mother of Aeneas and so founder of the Roman race, 229, 325, 335, 618, 691. [cp. veneror.] verbum, -i, n., word, 710. vereor, -eri, -itus, v. dep., fear, 671. [cp. opduj, Eng. ward.] verro, -ere, -i, -sum, v.a., sweep, 59. verso, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., turn over, revolve, 657. [verto.] 134 LA TIN-ENGLISH vertex, -icis, ?n., top, head, 163, 225, 403; a vertice, vertically, 114. [verto.] verto, -6re, -1, -sum, v.a., turn, overturn {poetic), 23. v6ru, -us, ?i., spit, 212. verus, -a, -um, adj., true, real, 405. vescor, -i, v. dep., feed upon, 546. [ve-, root ED; cp. edo, esca.] vesper, -eris, evening, the evening star, 374. [eo-Trepo?.] Vesta, -ae, /., the goddess of the domestic hearth and purity, 292. \cp. eo-ria.] vester, -tra, -trum, adj., your, 132. vestis, -is, /., garment, dress, 404. v§to, -are, -ui, -itum, v.a., for- bid, 39. vetus, -Cris, adj., ancient, old, 23. [Gk. eros.] via, -ae, /., way, road, 358. [cp. veho.] victor, -oris, m., conqueror, 192. victus, -a, -um, conquered, 68. [vinco.] victus, -us, m., food, 214, 445. [vivo.] video, -ere, vidi, visum, v.a., see, 128; pass., seem, 396. [cp. eUoi', Eng. wit.] vir, viri, ni., man, 1. vis, vim, vi, /., force, might, 4. viginiti, card, adj., twenty, 634. villus, -i, m., tuft of hair, nap (of cloth), 702. vincio, -ire, viuxi, vinctum, v.a., bind. vinco, -ere, vici, victum, v.a., conquer, vinctus, -a, -um, see vincio. vinculum (vinclum), -i, ?i., bond, 54, 168. vinum, -i, n., wine, 195, 724. [oivo^.j vires, j^l. o/ vis, strength, 214. virgo, -inis, /., maiden, virgin, 315. virtus, -utis, /., valour, virtue, 566. [vir.] visu, abl. supine of video. 111. vitalis, -e, adj., of life, 388. [vita.] vivo, -ere, -xi, -ctum, v.n., live, 218. vivus, -a, -um, adj., living, i.e. unwrought, 167. [vivo.] vix, adv., scarcely, 34. [perh. cp. vinco.] vdco, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., call, 109. [cp. eVos.] v61o, velle, volui, v. irr., wish, 303. [cp. ^ovKofxai, Eng. will.] v61o, -are, -avi, -atum, v.n. tly, 150. [cp. vol'ucer, velox.] volgo, -fire, -avi, -atum, v.a., make known, 457. [volgus.] volgus, -i, -m, n., crowd, 149. volnus, -eris, n., wound, 36. [cp. vello =tear.] voltus, -us, m., face, counte- nance, 209. VOCABULARY. 135 volucer, -cris, -ere, adj., swift, 317. [see volare.] vdluto, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., revolve, 50. [volvo.] volvo, -ere, -vi, -utum, v.a., roll, unroll, 9, 22, 86. v6ro, -are, -avi, -atum, v.a., devour, 117. vortex, -icis, m., whirlpool, 117. [verto.] vos, 2)1. of tu, you, 132. vos met, stronger form o/ vos, 207. votum, -i, 71., vow, prayer, 290. [voveo.] vox, vocis,/., voice, word, 64. Xanthus, -i, ??i., a river in the Troad, 473. [Edvflo?.] Zephyrus, -i, m., the west wind, = Lat. Favouius. [Ze^vpos.] IirDEXES. METEIGAL IJSTDEX. -»o«- LINB 16 Posthabita coluisse Sa | mo ; hie \ illius arma. (Samo — The final vowel is not elided.) 73 Connu | bw iiin \ gam stabili ijropriamque dicabo. (Connubio is pronounced Connubyo by synaer^sis .) 120 lam valid' Ilio | nel nd \ vem iam fortis Achatae. (Nei is one syllable, by synaeresis.) 131 Eur' ad se Zephyrumque vo | cat dehlnc | talia fatur. (Dehinc = d'hinc, one syllable, by synaeresis.) 195 Vina bonixs quae | deinde cd \ dis onerarat Acestes. (Deinde = dende, one syllable, by synaeresis.) 256 Oscula libavit na | ecit dehlnc \ talia fatur. (Natae d'hinc. See 131, supra.) 308 Qui teneant n'inculta vi | det hdmi \ nesne ferSne. (Videt — Last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 332-33 lactemur doceas ignar' hominumque lo | corum. Qu^ Erramus. Syjiapheia and Elision. 405 Et ver' lucessu patu I It ded \ ill'iibi raatrem. (Dea — Final vowel not elided, on account of the pause. 448-49 Aerea cui gradibus surgebant, limina | nexde. QxC Aere trabes, etc. — Synapheia and Elision. See 332. 478 Per terr' et versa pul | vis In \ scribitur hasta. (Pulvis — last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 139 140 METRICAL INDEX. LINE Gil Iliu I ned pe \ tit dextra laevaque SSrestfim. (Ilionea — The Greek quantity, 'lAioi'^a, louic, retained.) 617 Tfin' ill' Aeneas quein Dardani | o ^?i | chisae. (Dardanio — The final vowel is not elided — also spondaic.) 651 Pergama cum p6te | ret In \ concessosqti' hymg | aeos. (Peteret — Last syllable lengthened by the arsis.) 668 Litorit iacte 1 tur ddi \ is lunonis tlcerbae. (lactetur — Last syllable long in the arsis.) 698 Aurea | c5mposixit sponda mCdiamque locavit. (Aurea is a dissyllable, by synaeresis.) 726 Atria: dependent lychni laqiiearibus | ctwrm. (Aureis is a dissyllable, by synaeresis,) INDEX. Ablative — absolute, 8, 16, 81, Ablative — of material without 82, 122, 291, 374, 480, 537. absolute with subject omit- ted, 737. and accus. with verb of plenty, 195. of accompaniment without cum, 488. of the agent, 312, 564. of the agent without ab, 312. of cause, 2, 4, 10, 21, 29, 90, 190, 208, 349, 379, 677, 680. of characteristic, 71, 75, 164, 286, 400, 639. of comparison, 15, 142, 544. of instrument and means, 35, 43, 45, 51, 54, 62, 73, 75, 92, 94, 98, 99, 107, 112, 121, 129, 136, 145, 147, 160, 169, 170, 175, 177, 187, 209, 212, 214, 255, 301, 3.^, 381, 411, 449, 468, 536, 551, 670, 694. of manner, 62, 73, 83, 105, 123, 157, 171, 217, 255, 268, 274, 296, 324, 354, 410, 519, 663, 676, 717, 748. preposition, 166, 167. of place fro7n which without preposition, 31, 126, 340, 358, 375, 403, 701, 726. of place in which without preposition, 3, 26, 29, 40, 49, 70, 83, 97, 110, 117, 128, 155, 184, 196, 209, 213, 225, 227, 285, 289, 314, 364, 379, 452, 482, 501, 523, 572, 629, 667, 692, 698. of price, 484. of separation, 37, 44, 211, 252, 300, 385, 540, 562, 679. of source, 297, 582. of specification, 8, 14, 21, 72, 149, 317, 347, 496, 545, 548, 600. of time, 5. with adjectives, 51, 85, 228» 335, 441. with compounds after re- peated preposition, 26, 145^ 242, 357. with special verbs, 64, 172, 546. 141 142 INDEX, Abstract nouns in plural for singular, 11, 25, 130, 350. Accusative as subj. of infinitive, 10, 17. and dative with verb, 69, 136. cognate, 1, 328'. of exclamation, 251. of limit without preposition, 2, 3G5, 415, 512, 553, 619. of places used like names of towns, 52, of specification, 320, 481, 579, 589, 658. of time, hov) long, 47, 272. with intransitive verbs, 67, 221, 328, 524, 648. with intransitive verbs com- pounded, 10, 147. with passive verbs, 228, 320, 561. with special verbs, 9, 68. Adjective agreeing with clause, 111. agreeing with clause but plural, 66i). agreeing with one of two nouns, 144, 513, 553, 609. agreeing with nouns of differ- ent genders, 706. for adverb, 1, 103, 314, 352, 419, 465, 514, 548, 644. for genitive, 200. for clause, 13. neuter plural used as singu- lar, ()69. used as substantive, 3, 308. with genitive, 14, 23, 80, 198. Adverb modifying nouns, 21, 198. Alliteration, 55. Anachronism, 182, 464, 469. Antecedent attracted, 72, 157, 573. Aposiopesis, 135. Apposition, 51, 196, 273, 423, 567. Arrangement of words, 51, 54, 74, 195, 293. Attraction of pronoun, 17, 267. Chiasmus, 742. Climax, 600. Comparative, 228. Comparison with amplius, etc., 683. Condamatio, 219. Conjunctions — two coordinate, 18. Dative = ocZ (in) w. ace. 6, 126, 289, 377, 538, 616, 725. of the agent, 39, 326, 440, 574, 623. archaic, 156, 254, 257, 440. after compounds, 40, 49, 60, 69, 79, 84, 91, 112, 318, 475, 504, 719, 745. after compounds of other verbs, 174, 647. ethical, 13(5, 258, 261. of disadvantage, 102, 477. of possessor, 11, 71, 327, 336, 454, 461. of indirect object, 254, 264, 701. of reference, 266, 429, 448, 449, 51U, 607, 701, 723. two datives, 22, 299. where a predicate noun = one of tioo, 17, 343. INDEX. 143 Dative, where genitive is ex- pected, 92. with adjectives, 314, 604. with nouns, 181. with special verbs, 95, 285, 526, 689, 695, Dii for diei, 636. Esse omitted, 125, 139, etc. Frequentative verbs, 77. Genitive, appositional, 27, 247. definitive, 237, 260. ending um for arum, 565. ending um for orum, 4, 9, 46. in predicate, 33. in I (from -eus), 30. objective, 14, 132, 138, 462. of cause with adj., 178. of the whole, 72, 78, 329, 344, 602. subjective, 30, 598, 646, 716. with adjectives, 14, 23, 80, 198, 343, 350, 460, 599, 604, 720. with governing word omitted, 41. with implere, 214. with special verbs, 733. Gerundive = present part, pass., 269. in case construction, 713, Greek nouns — 2d Decl., 30. 3dDecl., 113, 220. Half-verses, 534, 560, 636. Hendiadys, 1,'54, 61, 78, 111, 210, 255, 293, 648, 728. Historical present, 99. as principal tense, 300. Imperfect tense with iamdii- dum, 580. Indicative in conditions, 322. with doubled pronouns, 387. Indirect questions, 11, 76, 218. Infigo with either dat. or abl., 45. Infinitive as exclamation, 37, 38, 97. as dative of purpose, 66, 374, 527. as subject, 33, 77, 135, 336, 408, 600. complementary, 16, 134. = genitive of gerund, 704. historic, 423. of purpose for subj. in prose, 9, 319, 357. present where perfect is ex- pected, 619. Intransitive verbs used pas- sively, 619. Inversion, Vergilian, 237, 260. Litotes, 138. Locative case, 193. Meminisse, present in sense, 733. Metonomy, 24, 35, 123, 177, 214. Nominative = vocative, 664. Numbers, combination of, 71, 272, 381. OUi for illi, dat. 254. Optative, 330. Parentheses, explanatory, 12, 251, 530. 144 INDEX. Participle = cause, etc., 63. = principal clause, 69, 108, 527, 680. = relative clause, 597. of deponent with pass, sig., 312. with imtior, 385. [158. Passive voice = Greek middle, Patronymics, 157. Perfect, instantaneous, SI, 154. Personilication, 21, 294, 420. Pleonasm, 94, 187, 347. Plural = singular, 48, 140, 606, 722. Polysyndeton, 85. Predicate nouns used freely, 46. Preposition, following its case, 13, 32, 348. Proleptic use, 61, 70. Proper name = pronoun, 48. = adjective, 686. Proverbial expression, 142. Questions, indirect, 11, 76, 218, witli -n<^, 11. quid, used adverbially, 518. doubled, 329. quis =quibus, 95. quisquam implying negative answer, 48. Relative containing a conjunc- tion, 46, 250, 388, 437, 597. Rhytlim, 53. re-, 253. Simple words = compounds, 20, 50, 83, 212, 291, 302. Subject omit. w. inf., 218. Subjunctive of cause, 261, 388. of condition, 18, 58. of desire, 140, 330, 549, 551, 576, 603, 733. of indirect question, 11, 76, 218, 307, 332, 467, 517, 667, 676, 719. of purpose, 20, 63, 75, 287, 554, 645, 659, 682. of result, 236. potential, 327. Substantive used as adj., 192. (S'l/ws refers to either subj. or obj., 461. Supine in ii, 111. Syncope, 26, 201, 249. Temporal clauses with dum, 5, 265. with cum, 651. with priusquam, 193. Tenses, variety of, 299, 472. Tmesis, 117, 412. Transferred epithets, 355, 361, 542. 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