i^/«''5» tkiusS'l gaif/aOfl o cc D I u Q Z < > < z y CQ U o f- The earliest notice of Stoke is in Bishop Tanner's Notitia mo7iastica. As early as the middle of the lOth century, he says, here was a monastery of some note, and many good donations were made thereto by Earl Alfgar, and afterwards by his two daughters, -/Ethelfled and ^Egelfled ; this being the burial place of that noble family, and perhaps founded by some of them. "Vide testamenta ^thelfledae et ^Egelfledae filiarum comitis " iElfgar ex cartis Harleyanis evulgata (Saxonice et Latine), quod, una cum testamentis " filiarum suarum, M.S., extat in Registro Sacristae Caenobii Buriensis haud ita pridem in " Bibliotheca R. R. R Johannis Moore Episc. Eliensis fol. 46a." " The will of Lady iEthelfled, the widow of Duke ^thelstan : — " This is the will of ^thelfled. " In the first place I give to my lord the King that land lying at Lamburne and " Chelsea^ and Reding,^ and four coronets which weigh 200 manchusae^ of gold, and four " scarlet curtains, and four goblets, and four plates, and four horses ; and I beseech my " most august lord, by his love to God, to have this my will carried out, for I call God to " witness that I have made no other. " I also give my farm lying in Domerham to the Monastery of Glastonbury,"* as " well for the safety of the soul of King Edmund, as for that of King ^Edgar and " my own. I also give my farm lying in Ham^ to Christ Church, Canterbury,*^ for the " safety of my own soul and that of King Edmund. Moreover, I give that land lying " at Woodham' to Count Berthnoth and my sister, to be held by them during their lives, " and after they are both deceased I give it to the Church of Barking* (or Bocking).' " I also give my farm lying at Hedham^ (or Heddingham), to Count Berthnoth and " my sister for their life-time, but after they have both deceased I give it to the Church " of St. Paul, towards the maintenance of the domestic establishment of the Bishop. I " also give that land at Fen Ditton'° to St. ^theldrytha of Ely, and to her sisters of the " convent. I also give those two farms at Cockfield" and Chelsworth,^^ to Count " Berthnoth and my sister, to be enjoyed by them during their lives ; and on the death " of both of them, I give them to the burial place of St. Edmund, for the maintenance of " the clergy, who guard the body of the Saint in St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmunds.^^ " I also give my land in Fingrenhoe^'* to Count Berthnoth and my sister, as long as they " live ; but after the death of each, I give it to St. Peter's Church, Mersea.^^ " I also give my land at Polstead^^ to Count Berthnoth and my sister for their lives ; Crolsiga. ^ Redinga. ^ Manchusa, worth is. 6d. * Glacioniensi. * Ham, east and west, Essex. ^ Cantwarensi. '' Wuduhamio, Woodham Ferrers, Woodham Walter, Woodham Mortimer. 8 Byorcingensi. ' Hedhamio. i" Dictunoe. ^^ Cohanfeldea. ^ Ceortesweortho. *3 Byderickes, old name of Bury before it was named after St. Edmund. " Fingranho. The manor of Fingrenhoe was granted by Edward the Confessor to the Abbey of St. Oven in Normandy. ^ Myresiga. 1® Polsteda. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 5 " but on their deaths, I give it to the sacred burial place at Stoke, in which my ancestors " were interred. Also on my death I give my land at Withermarsh^'' to the burial place " at Stoke, and my land at Stratford I also leave to Count Berthnoth and my sister for " their lives, but after their death to the sacred burial place at Stoke. It is my wish that " after the deaths of the Count and my sister, my villa at Lavenham should be handed " down for that sacred burial place at Stoke. Moreover, after the deaths of the Count *' and my sister, I bequeath my farm at Bildeston^^ to the burial place at Stoke. Finally, " my lands at Pelden,*^ Mersea,^" and Grensted,^^ after my death, and the death of the " Count and my sister, I give to the consecrated burial ground at Stoke. I also leave my " land at Elmstead^^ to the Count and my sister for their lives, and after their deaths to " the Monastery of St. Edmunds. Moreover, I give that one hide^^ at Thorpe to the " Monastery at Hadleigh^* for the safety of my soul. And my life being ended I give it " that prayers may be offered up to God for the souls of my ancestors who are buried at " Stoke. Also after my death, I give ten hides at Witchambrook^^ to my relative Sibrith^ " and from the time of my death I give those four hides at Heddingham to my steward " ^gwin. Also at the termination of my life I give to my servant Brithwold two hides " at Donyland, in the condition in which they have formerly been. And at the termi- " nation of my life I give to Alfwold, my domestic priest, two hides of the Donyland^^ " Farm ; and at my death I also give the land at Waldingfield^'' to my relation Crawa. " I also give to my domestic chaplain, -^thelmer, two hides of the Donyland Farm, at " the end of my life, and to yElfgaet, my relation, two hides of the Donyland Farm. Lastly, " I desire that to one part of my farm servants in each of my villages freedom may be " given, for the safety of my soul : and that of the chattels which I possess in each of " my villas, one half may be distributed to the poor, for the safety of my soul." " The Will of Lady .^gelfled, widow of Berthnoth, Ealdorman or Duke of East " Anglia :— " ^gelfleda sets forth in this writing the way she has resolved to have her property " disposed of for sacred and secular puposes. " In the first place I leave to my lord (the King) those eight farms, one of which " lies at Dovercort, the second at Woolpit,^* the third at -^Iresford,^^ the fourth at " Stanoway,^" the fifth at Layer Bretton,^^ the sixth at Lexden,^^ the seventh at Elmstead,^^ " the eighth at Buclesham,^"* together with two crowns, which weigh two pounds, and " two bread baskets and one silver vessel : And by your love to God, and by the love " you bear to the soul of my husband and of my sister, I supplicate and entreat you, most " noble Prince, to protect and keep inviolate that consecrated ground at Stoke in which 17 Hurfersca. '^ Bylygesdunense. ^ Feltandunum. ^o Myresiga. ^i Grensteda. 22 Ylmesastoda. 23 A hyde or hide contained land sufficient to employ one plough. Geneau of Tilbury says it was i acres. 24 Hedlegensi. ^ Wiefordam. ^6 Pi-gedii Dunninglandensis. ^ Wealdinga Fielda. 28 Fulanpetta. 29 ^leforda, near Wivenhoe. ^ Stanwega. ^^ Byraeturea. ^2 Lexaedunum. ^ Ylmesseotuda. ^ Bycishaulam. 6 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " my ancestors rest, and also the possessions which they have bequeathed, dedicated, and " devoted to the same sacred rite, that according to the law of God they may be always " consecrated and uninjured : Wherefore I likewise bequeath all that my ancestors long *' ago have given to that sacred spot, namely, all that land lying in Stoke, and whatever " belongs to that place, and that wood at Heathfield,^^ which my sister and my predecessors " bequeathed to the same burial place : Moreover, there are the farms, which after my death " and that of my sister my ancestors bequeathed to the same spot, namely, Stratford and " Freston,^^ and Wissington,^^ and Lavenham, and Bildeston,^^ and Polstead, and Wither- " marsh,^^ and Grensted, and Pelden,'*" and Mersea,*^ and that grove at Totham which my " father gave to the church at Mersea and Colne and Tey : ^^ Moreover, there are the " lands which my ancestors bequeathed to other consecrated places, namely, the land at " Monkseleigh^' (or Brenteleigh) for the use of Christ's Church, Canterbury, and the land at " Heddingham for the use of the Monastery of Christ's Church, Canterbury, for the " maintenance of the Bishop's household, and I give the land at Tidweldington^^ for the " benefit of the household of St. Paul's Monastery, and the land at Babbingthyna''^ for " the use of the monastery of Barking :*^ Moreover, after my death, I give Woodham^^ to " -^thelfreda, the mother of my lord, and after her death, it is my wish that it may pass " on in its present state, with the revenue arising from its crops, together with its serfs, for '* the use of the monastery of St. Mary, at Barking*^ or Bocking. I also give those two " farms at Chelsworth*^ and Cockfield,^" in the way my ancestors then formerly appointed, " for the benefit of the household of St. Edmund, as also the land at Heddingham" after " the death of my relative Crawa: Moreover, I give Fingrenhoe,'^ and those six hides, " where the monastery is built, after my decease, to St. Peter's Church, Mersea, as my lord " (husband) and my sister formerly bequeathed them. Also after the death of Crawa, " I give the land at Waldingfield^^ to St. Gregory's Church, Sudbury,^* as my sister on " her death-bed formerly gave it : Moreover, those three pieces of land called Probuta, " which lie at Battlebridge,^' which is my morgenatic^*' gift, and at Soham,°^ and at Fen " Ditton,**as my husband and my sister formerly left them, and that one hide at Kelvedon,*® " which my sister had purchased, and that precious crown work, which was presented as " the sepulchral offering of my husband, I give to St. Peter's Church, Ely, the Church of " St. .^theldrytha, the Church of St. Wihtburg, the Church of St. Senburg, and the " Church of St. iEorminhilda, in which the body of my lord lies : Moreover, after my " death, the land at Lellingum, in the condition in which it now is, together with the " revenue arising from its crops and its serfs, I give to Count ^thelmer, on the condition ^ Hsethfeldensem. * Frosautum. ^ Wrowithetun. ^ Byliesdyne. * Wifermyrse. ** Pellardum. ■*' Myresigia. ''^ Tiga. ''^ lUanglega. '»'' Tidweldingtun. ■»» Babbingthyna. ^^ Beorcingensis. ■•7 Wuduhamium. ■** Beorcing. ^' CeOrlesworthe. * Cochanfelde. °^ Hnyddingham. ^ Fingingraho. ^ Weadinga-Felda. ^ Suthbyrigensis. ^ Rellendunum, near Ely. ** A gift bestowed on an inferior, a morgenatic marriage, where a man marries a woman of inferior nuak. *^ Segham. ** Dictune. "* Cealfe. m>:xj \ ^Kr--r * s 4 , h- iv_, .y 55 m STOKE BY NAYLAND. 7 " that during my lifetime he will be my defender and administrator, and on my death " will assist in carrying out my will and the wills of my ancestors." The boundaries of the lands are not given in the Latin translation. Count Berthnoth, as he is called in these wills, or in the ancient chronicles Brithnot, Ealdorman of the East Angles, was killed in battle with the Danes in 991. This year there was a great invasion of the Danes, or rather the Norwegians, in the Eastern parts of England ; they harried or plundered Ipswich, and then attacked the coast of Essex, and sailed up the Planta or Blackwater as far as Maldon, where the battle was fought which ended fatally to this soldier, one of the few who bravely resisted the invaders. He helped to found the Abbey of Ely, where he was buried, and where his wife ^gelfled offered a piece of tapestry in which she had worked a picture of all her husband's great actions. There are no traces of a monastery now in Stoke. Wolton, the translator of these wills from the Danish Saxon into Latin, adds : — *' Many places of this name Stoke in England were famous for their sanctity, as Stoke, " which is now called Stoke Clare, in Suffolk, which may be the place where the ancestors " of .^thelfled were buried." But the towns and places spoken of in these testamentary documents, Polstead, Wissington, Withermarsh, Hadleigh, &c., being far nearer Stoke by Nayland than Stoke Clare, the burial place of these noble ladies was no doubt in the former. Earl Alfgar lived in the reign of Edmund, the Father of St. Edith, and Theodore, Bishop of London. The present church is probably on the site of this richly endowed monastery and burial ground. The next notice we find in Doomsday book, which thus describes the manors of Stoke and Withermarsh. BABERGH HUNDRED. " Rotbert holds Stokes in the time of King Edward for a manor, there being four " carucates of land, together with socage. At that time {i.e., in the days of Edward the " Confessor) there were twenty-five villeins, now fifteen. Then thirty-two bordairs, now " twenty-three. Then eight serfs, now six. Then two carucates in demesne, now three. " Then twelve ploughmen, now seven. Now two mills and thirty-five acres of pasture, " wood for sixty hogs, now three horses, now eight young cattle, now twenty hogs, now " seventy sheep, now four goats. Then the value of the manor was ten pounds, now " twelve. The church has sixty acres of free land. In the same village are eleven free " men. Rotbert has protection and the right of socage. There was a caracute of land " among them, but they were able to sell it, and one free man. Twelve acres under the " protection of Rotbert, but with the saca and soca belonging to the saint. Among these 8 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " there was one carucate and a half at that time, now one, and the value thirty shillings. " It is eight furlongs in length, and four in breadth. The gelt or tax is twenty pence. "Rotbert, the father of Sweni (Swayne) held Withermers in the time of King " Edward for a manor, there being four carucates of land together with socage. At that " time twenty-seven villeins, now twenty-four. Then thirty-two bordairs, now twenty- " seven. Then two serfs, now one. Then three carucates in demesne, now two. Then " thirteen ploughmen, now eight. There was also one mill, thirty acres of pasture, now " two horses, and twenty ploughs ; now twenty-four hogs and mares turned out into the " woods ; now eighty sheep. At that time valued at ten pounds, now twelve. It is " eight furlongs in length, and four in breadth. The gelt is twenty pence." As churches are rarely mentioned in the account of the manors or parishes in Doomsday book, it seems that the church at Stoke by Nayland must have then been conspicuous. The present church is dedicated to St. Mary. From its commanding situation and the peculiar character of the tower it forms one of the most striking features of the surrounding neighbourhood. The tower is divided into four stages, separated from each other by five string courses. The west door is of oak, elegantly panelled. The arch over it is richly ornamented with an ogee label crocketed. On either side of the label are the arms of Tendring and Howard, and the engaged shafts rising from the labelled mouldings on either side are terminated by the supporters of the shields of those families. Over the west entrance is a fine perpendicular window of eight lights, a transom intervening. The arch is fitted with rich tracery. Over the arch, which is boldly moulded, is also an ogee crocketed label. The third stage has a window with four lights, with plain tracery ; and on the fourth is one of three lights, having the arch filled with tracery ; the north, south, and east have each two windows, the lower of four, the upper of three lights. Below the upper moulding of the base of the tower is a rich cusped panelling filled with shields. The parapet of the tower is also richly panelled, and the coping boldly embrasured. The pinnacles at some period have been badly restored, and rise eight feet higher than the parapet. The bold massive buttresses, placed diagonally, which is a peculiar feature of this tower, consist of five stages, each with two canopied niches, the three lower resting on elongated pedestals ; the pedestals of the two upper are very short. The height of this tower is about 120 feet. The church itself is of great length, with good perpendicular windows in the nave, with thirteen clerestory windows on the north, and the same number on the south. The total length of the church internally, including chancel and tower, is 168 feet, and the total width 58 feet at the west, and 59 feet 3 inches at the east end. The walls of the nave and chancel are not parallel ; the width of the middle aisle of the nave at the west end being 21 feet 4 inches, and against the chancel end being 20 feet 2 inches, and the width of the chancel against the nave is 19 feet 1 1 inches, and under the east window STOKE CHURCH, EAST END. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 9 is 19 feet I inch, the south walls inclining towards the north from the west end. The length of the nave is 100 feet, the height 37 feet. The door is covered with elaborately carved figures, but the decayed work has been so often painted that it is difficult to make them out. The width of the north aisle varies from 15 feet 7 inches to 15 feet II inches, and of the south aisle 16 feet io}4 inches to 17 feet i}4 inch. The south porch is in a sadly mutilated state, and its projection has been shortened. It must formerly have been a very fine entrance, and is of older date than the rest of the church. The roof is groined, and the windows on the east and west side are decorated. In the intersection of the groining is a figure of the Virgin and Child, A room over it contains a parish library, bequeathed by one of the former vicars, Rev. Thomas Reeve, who was presented to the vicarage in 1685. — See Appendix. The north porch is an excellent specimen of moulded brickwork, and has a good oak roof, and blocks up part of one of the windows of the north side. It is of later date than the rest of the church, but no doubt was added on before the Reformation, as it contains a stoup, a niche for holy water. The entrance from the tower into the church is through a very lofty arch ; the outer moulding running down to the panelled base of shields of the buttresses, which project on each side into the church. It contains a peal of six bells in E-flat ; the weight of the tenor being 28 cwt. The bells bear the following inscriptions : — First. ^ ^ ^ THOMAS ^ GARDINER •i* FECIT ►!< ^ 1725. [The rest of the label filled up with scroll work] Second. JOHN ^ HOLLON ^ SAMUEL ^ BIGSBE •{< C ►!< Ws ►!« 1725. [Followed by four coins of Queen Anne, and one of Charles II.] Third. ^ IN MULTIS ANNIS RESONET CAMPANA JOHANNIS. [Followed by coin of a Plantagenet — reverse.] Beneath the label is a short inscription no longer legible. Fourth. »J< ORA : MARIA : PIA : PRO : NOBIS : VIRGO : MARIA : AMEN : [The letters of the above inscription are of the richest character. There is no trace of any date.] C lO STOKE BY NAYLAND. Fifth. ^ JOSEPH HOLLES ►!* 1699 ^b THOMAS WILLIAMS ^ 1699 ^ H. PLEASANT MADE ME ^ Sixth. REVEREND JOSHUA ROWLEY MINISTER HENRY COOK Ed COOK CHURCHWARDENS 181 1. Several notices of the bells will be found in the extracts from the Churchwardens' book given later on. The Font, placed at the west end, is octagonal. In its panels are carved the emblems of the Evangelists, with figures in the alternate panels. The shaft contains eight niches with ogee and decorated canopies. It is raised on three unusually high steps — the two lower ones are octagonal, the upper one is of the form of a cross. The date appears to be of the 15th century by the shield on the front step being charged with the Rose en soleil, the Yorkist badge assumed by Edward the Fourth after the battle of Mortimer's Cross in 146 1. The shield on the west has the arms of Tendring and Howard united. The carving on the north and south shields is of modern date. The dimensions of the Font are as follows : — Height Height of steps Diameter across the top of the bowl. Depth of the bowl Diameter of the bowl . . . The nave is separated from the north and south aisles by six arches on each side with two responds. The roof of the nave is flat, of oak, resting on brackets, the four on each side nearest the western arch of the tower having very fine carved corbels. The string course below the clerestory windows is enriched with carved angels. On the side of the north aisle of the nave, near the chancel end, is a small chapel built in the early part of the 14th century, by John de Peydone, dedicated to St. Edmund. {Vide Peyton Manor.) Between the nave and chancel is a lofty arch boldly moulded. The chancel is separated from the north and south chapels by two arches, one pier, and two responds. It extends some way beyond these side chapels, and has a piscina with an ogee crocketed moulding on the south wall. In the north chapel of the chancel is a piscina of early English workmanship, placed evidently in the wall of an earlier church. The following notices of the former condition of the church, &c., are taken from the old Churchwardens' book. I have given them as they stand in the spelling of the day : — ft. in. 3 3i 2 4i 2 8 I I 10 FONT IN STOKE CHURCH. STOKE CHURCH, FROM NORTH-EAST CORNER. STOKE BY NAYLAND. II " 1683. — In the Churchwardens' account for the yeare 1663 : — " For the building the church porch and levelling the floor, ;^i3. " In this year many repairs were done to the church and churchyard wall. " For cutting down the firie (ivy) that grew about the church. " Paid for two books, one of Artikells, 2s., and the other of the Church Canons, " 2S. M. " Paid for a Common Prayer Book and a dozen of Church Catechizes, is. 6d. " For 3 bottles of wine for Easter Sacrament, ys. 6d. " For bread „ „ is. od. " 1686. — 13 July it was ordered in a towne meeting by those inhabitants then " present, that Isaac Jacob and John Wilsher then present, and consenting thereto, to " the order as foUoweth : — " That they shall scrape off all the decayed places of the playstering within the " church, and to playster the same, and to wash and stope all the holies (holes), and to " scrape the pillows, and to white the church all over with Spanish white, and to paint it " round with a wainscotte cullow laid in oyles, and the pillows five foote and two inches " from the ground, and to black the heads of the pillows, and to painte the funte (font) " with a marball cullow in oyle. Secondly, to playster the north and south side of midell " isle of the church above the leads, and to repair the pillows of the windows, and to " make new pillows where they shall be wanting above, and to finish in the glasse when " it is set up, above and below, for eighteen pounds. (Signed) " ISAAC Jacob, " John Wilsher, Workmen. " 1686. — Ordered at a parish meeting by the major part of the parishioners then " present, that the churchwardens then present shall buy a decent communion table-cloth, " made of cloth, with a silk fringe, not exceedinge the value of seven pounds. That the " churchwardens shall dye the green cloth belonging to the church into black, and the " towne shall have it for their use, to bury those that die, and to be kept in the town " chest. " 1689. — An agreement made between the churchwardens and .parishioners, and " John Lindsay, about setting the clock and chimes in the stepell of the said parish " church a gooing, and keeping of the same. " 1699. — Whereas the 5 th bell in the steeple belonging to the parish church was " accidentally split in ringing a peal on Sunday, 23rd September last, we whose names " are hereunto subscribed to prevent any charge or trouble which may happen to the " said bell, new cast or run, order that the churchwardens shall cause bellfounder " to be present at the next parish meeting, that parishioners may agree with him for the " running and casting ye said bell as soon as may be, and the said parishioners at vestry '• agreed to spend not more than ten shillings in eating and drinking, to be paid by the " overseer. C 2 12 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " 1700. — It is ordered that the churchwardens do rayle in the communion table at " the charge of the parish, " 1725. — Agreed with Thomas Gardner to new cast the second bell, which is split, " and the treble, and to find all materials, to be at the charge of taking them down, " hanging them up again, carrying them to and from Sudbury, and all other charges what- " soever in timber stock, wheel and iron work, and all other charges, for the sum of ^^14. " The second to be returned in full weight as she is now ; of the treble to be added as " much as shall make her tuneable to the rest of the bells now in the steeple." In 1865 the church was renovated at a considerable expense. The string course was restored. New clerestory windows were put in. The foundations of the piers, which had been undermined by vaults and graves and had gradually given way, were under-pinned. A reredos, composed of canopied arches and marble shafts, with angels supporting the canopies, supplies the place of a painting of Moses and Aaron. The church was benched with oak. A pulpit of oak resting on a base of Caen stone richly ornamented with shafts of Languedoc marble, a reading desk of oak panelled, and altar rails of oak were added. The gallery at the west end was taken down, and the organ was moved into the chancel. The floor was repaired throughout. The church and chancel, up to the west side of the south entrance and from thence to the centre of the tower arch, was paved with squares. The space enclosed by the altar rails ' is paved with Sicilian and black marble. New oak ceilings were also put to the chancel. The west window of the church is filled with painted glass consisting of eight figures. In the lower range of lights are those of Faith, Hope, Charity, and Mercy. In the upper range those of the four Evangelists. In the tracery is placed the cross and the sacred mono- gram. Below is this inscription : — " To the beloved memory of Sir William Rowley, Bart., and of his wife, Susan, " Edith, this window is placed by their daughter Emma Letitia. Presented to the " church by Miss Rowley, of Holbecks, executed by Messrs. O'Connor." The stained window in the chancel, by the same artist, represents the crucifixion and ascension of our Lord. The cost of this window was defrayed by subscription. The east windows of the chapels are also filled with stained glass, that in the north chapel, presented by Rear-Admiral Forbes, illustrates the adoration of the infant child Jesus ; that in the south chapel, the raising of the Widow of Nain's son. Both these windows were executed by M. Capronnier, of Brussels. A memorial window was put into the south aisle, March, 1876, with the following inscription: — " The Master is come and calleth for thee. To the glory of God the Father, God " the Son, and God the Holy Ghost."— March, 1876. On the removing the plaster over the arch of St. Edmund's Chapel, two fresco drawings were discovered, of which careful copies were made. Also on removing the plaster from the wall over the chancel arch an inscription was brought to light, over- laying an older painting. The tips of the wings of angels were manifest ; they were STOKE BY NAYLAND. 1 3 probably the remains of a larger drawing, such as that discovered over the nave arch of Rotherham Church about 1840, representing our Lord and the twelve Apostles, with other saints and angels in the act of adoration. The character of the letters, and the spelling of the only words of the inscription which escaped the workman's pick, tend to the conclusion that the drawing was overlaid about the close of the i6th, or beginning of the 17th century. The following words left legible sufficiently indicate that the texts inscribed were — Rev. i. 7, 8 ; II Corinthians v. 16 : — " hym, even so, Amen. I am " the endynge sayeth " which is to come " and the glory " Ayes " Therefore henceforth know we no man after the fleshe. Inasmuch as though we " have knowen Christ after the fleshe, yet now henceforth knowe we hym so no more." The restorations and repairs of the church were carried out according to the plans, and under the superintendence of John Gibson, Esq., architect ; defrayed at the sole expense of Sir C. R. Rowley, Bart., of Tendring Hall, and of members of his family. If the Vicars of Stoke had recorded during their several incumbencies such accounts of the state of the gravestones, brasses, and monuments as John Hankin, who was presented to the living in 1606, and died in 1627, has left behind him, what a valuable legacy would have been bequeathed to after generations ! " Several monuments appertaining to the Right Honorable the Tendrings and " Howards within the chancel isle (szc) in Stoke Church. " Imprimis, in Tendring nave appeareth three antient monuments, in likelihood the " antients of the Tenderings. " In the same chappell there is another monument subscribed as followeth : — " Hie jacet Katerina de Tendring quondam uxor Thomae Clopton, quae obiit die " veneris ante Festum Pentecost anno Dni. 1403, cujus animae propitietur Deus. " Altera in eadem Capella. " Hie jacent tumulati Dus Willimus Tendering miles et Dna. Katerina Clopton, uxor " ejusdem, qui obierunt anno Dni. 1408, et quorum animabus propitietur Deus. " Altera ibidem. " Orate pro animabus Johannis Howard militis, qui obiit anno Dni. 14 . . ., et Aliciae " uxoris ejus, quae obiit in Festo Sancti Luce Evangeliste anno Dni. 1426, quorum " animabus propitietur Deus. Amen." " In altissimo ejusdem Capellae is another monument with an inscription as followeth: — " Under this stone is buried the body of the Right Honorable woman and lady, " sometime wife, unto the most high and mighty Prince Lord John Howard, Duke of " Norfolk, and mother unto the most noble and puissant Prince, Lord Howard, Duke 14 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " also of Norfolk. This lady departed this life in the year of our Lord 1456, whose soul " Jesus pardon."* " Close by the wall, is a tomb of the height of a yard, bearing thereon diverse " impressions, but now the brasses being taken away, all defaced. " Beneath that another monument subscribed as foUoweth : — " Hie jacet Dna. Johanna Redmeld quondam uxor Gulielmi Redmeld militis et filia " recolendae memoriae Dnae Margaritae Howard Ducessae Norfolcis, hie superius tumulatse, " quae obiit vicesimo die Februarii anno Dni. 1500, cujus animae propitietur Deus." " This is verbatim according to the several monuments and subscriptions taken by " me, John Hankyn, Vicar of the same place." The next extract is from Weever's Funereal Monuments. "STOKE BY NAYLAND. " This church is highly honoured by the sepulture of diverse of the illustrious family " of the Howards. " In the east window of the south part of the church are the portraits of Sir John " Howard, Knight, and Dame Alice, his wife, daughter and heiress of Sir William " Tendring, Knight, with the subscription following : — " Orate pro animabus Johannis Howard et dominse Aliciae, uxoris ejus." " Upon a fair marble, though much defaced, in the choir : — " Orate pro animabus Johannis Howard, militis, qui obiit . . . 1400 et Aliciae uxoris " ejus, qu obiitae in festo Sancte Luce evangeliste, 1426." " Upon the pavement before the high altar lieth an antient gravestone, having '* thereof the figure of a knight in complete armor, resting his head upon his gauntlet, " with this inscription : — " Hie jacent tumulati, dominus Willelmus Tendring, miles, et Katerina Clopton " (sic) uxorejusdem. Obierunt anno domini 1408. Domina Johanna Redmeld quondam " sponsa Willelmi Redmeld, militis, ac filia recolende memorie domine Margarete " Howard ducisse Norfolcie hie superius tumulate. Obiit xx Feb. M.D." " Near unto the same, upon the pavement, is also another monument with " the circumscription as hereunder appeareth, the brasses of the figures, and some " of the arms thereof, are most impiously stolen away, and so is the brass of the " inscriptions, arms, and images of three other fair stones lying there near." [Here is inserted a drawing of the last mentioned monument as it was in Weever's time.] " Under this stone is buried the body of the right honorable woman and ladie, some- " time wife unto the right high and mighty Prince, Lord John Howard, Duke of Norfolke, * As Lord Thomas Howard was not created Duke before 15 13, this brass must have been placed as late as this year, and thus the error of the date of her death, which took place in 1465, not in 1456, is accounted for. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 15 " and mother unto the right noble and puissant Prince, Lord Thomas Howard, Duke " also of Norfolke, which lady departed this present life 1452, " In the south part of the said church, between the high altar and the choir, is a " monument with this similitude and subscription: — "Afore mentioned of the right honorable lady Katherine, daughter of WiUiam " Lord Molin's, the first wife of John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, who was the son of " Sir Robert Howard, and of Margaret his wife, daugher and co-heiress of Thomas " Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, son of John Lord Mowbray, and Elizabeth his wife, " daughter and heiress of John Lord Segrave, and Margaret, Dutchess of Norfolk, the " daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, the fifth son of Edward I, the which " he had by Margaret his second wife, the daughter of the French King, Philip III" "TENDRING HALL CHAPEL IN THE PARISH OF STOKE "JUXTA NEYLAND. " In the east window of the private chapel of Tendring Hall in the said parish of " Stoke juxta Neyland, is the effigies above shewed, which is supposed by reason of the " quarterings in his coat of arms to be made for John Lord Howard, after created Duke " of Norfolk, in which and in the foresaid monument is to be observed that, according " to the antient rule, the coat armor of the blood royal is placed in the first quarter " before the paternal coat. " Hie Katerina de Tenderyng quondam uxor Thome Clopton quae obiit " die Veneris ante festum Pentecostes MCCCCII. " Lady Windsore daughter of Sir William Walgrave." " At the upper end in the north side of this church, next to the chancel, John de " Peyton, the son of Reginald, lieth interred under a marble stone, about the verge " whereof these few French words are only remaining : — "Jenade Peyton a mercy e . . . lame Crist." " Under another marble stone adjoining, his son Sir John Peyton, Knight, lieth " inhumed with this French inscription : — " Vous qe par ici passet " Pur I'ame Sire Jehan de Peytona priet " Le cours de oi ici gist : " L'ame receyue Ihu crist. Amen." " These Peytons had their mansion at Peyton Hall, in Boxford, not far hence. " Antient Funeral Monuments, by John Weever. " From my house in Clerkenwell Close, this 28th of May, 1631." The following are the mural tablets and grave-stones at present in the church, with the exception of those mentioned in the accounts of the various families : — 1 6 STOKE BY NAYLAND. In the Chancel on the South Wall. " Intra altaris hujus cancellos " Depositum est " Cum spe certae Resurrectionis ad vitam etemam " Per Dominum nostrum et Deum Jesum Christum " Quicquid mortale fuit Francisci Fortescue " Filii natu maxumi atque dilectissimi " Francis Fortescue Knottesford, A.M. " Et Mariae uxoris ejus " Qui XXIX. die martis anno Salutis MDCCCXVIII " ^tatis duodecimo suae " Heu ! nimium cito in pace requievit " Marmor posuerunt " Parentes et Avia maestissimi." In the Chancel on the North Side. " Sacred to the memory of Eliza, the beloved wife of Major-General T. J. Forbes, " Royal Artillery, who departed this life at Bath, the 15th of March, 1826." " Also to Captain William Henry Forbes, late Royal Artillery, who died at " St. John's, New Brunswick, the ist of September, 185 1, aged 40 years." " In te, Domine, speravi." North side of the Nave. "Sacred to the memory of Louisa Matilda Forbes, who died nth June, 1856, " aged 79." " Also of her brother Thomas John Forbes, General, Royal Artillery, who died " 1st February, 1868, in his 88th year." " In Thee, O Lord, have I trusted." On the North side of the Nave West of Peyton Chapel " Sacred to the memory of Richard Rumsey, late of this parish, who died November " 30th, 1802, aged 42 years." " Also of Anne Rumsey, his widow, who died March 3, 1847, aged 45 years." " Also of Richard William Rumsey, their only son, who died November, 22, 1808, " aged 14 years." " Also of Anne Rumsey, daughter of the above, who died September 4th, 1861, " aged 68 years." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 1 7 A t the West end of the North side, on a large Monument of Marble. " Near this place lies interred the body of Samuel Meadows, the elder, Gentleman, " who died May lo, 1773." "And also Judith, his wife, formerly Judith Freeman, Spinster, who died Sep- " tember 26, 17 . . . 5, aged 47 years." " Also William Meadows, Gentleman, youngest son of the said Samuel Meadows " and Judith, his wife, who died February, 1771, aged 22 years." On Free Stone. "In memory of Barker Holton, who departed this life August 17th, 1778, aged " 72 years." " Here lieth the remains of Mr. Thomas Keeble, Surgeon, late of this town, who " departed this life October 4, 1774, aged 32 years." " Whilst sacred earth my body doth enclose, " Let no rude hand its quiet interpose." " Richard White, Gentleman, who departed this life February 28, 1786, aged "JT'.' " Here lieth the remains of Edward Cook, senr., who departed this life March 12, " 1801." " Let us sing with a Spirit, " And with the understanding also. " " Also Mary, wife of Edward Cook, senr., who departed this life December 7, 1805, " aged 71 years." D MANORS OF STOKE. o=-<|t^4!>-o The following is an account of the ancient manors into which Stoke was divided. A detailed description of the most important families connected with them follows this mere list of names and dates : — STOKE BY NAYLAND. Manor of Tendring Hall at Stoke by Nayland. Lords. ''T.R.E.=Temp.1 "Reg. Edward V' Rodbert. " Confess. J " W. I. Swayne of Essex, son and heir. " Robert Do. " Henry „ „ forfeited ii H. H. " 13 E. I. ... 1285. William de Tendring had free warren. "31 „ ... 1303. „ „ and Beatrix his wife had a grant of a " fair and a market here. He died 33 E. I. " 33 E. I. ... 1305. Sir John Tendring, Knight, son and heir. " Sir William Tendring, Knight. Died 1375. " 49 E. HI. 1375. William „ son and heir. Died about 1421 " of H. V. (?) " 9 H. V. ... 142 1. AHce, daughter and heiress, married Sir John Howard, " Knight. She died 4 H. VI., 1426. He 1437. " 15 H. VI. 1437. Sir John Howard, Knight, son and heir, created Duke of " Norfolk. Killed at Bosworth Field 1485 ; 3 R. III. " I H. VII. 1485. Thomas H., 2nd Duke of Norfolk, son and heir. Died " 16 H. VIII., 1524. " 16 H. VIII. 1524. Thomas H., 3rd Duke of Norfolk, son and heir. Died " 16 H. VIIL, 1554. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 1 9 " I Mary ... 1554. Thomas H., 4th Duke of Norfolk, grandson and heir. " Forfeited. " 5 EHz. ... 1563. Sir Thomas Revett, Knight, had a grant, and another " II Eliz. ; he died 25 Eliz., 1583. " 25 Eliz. ... 1583. Grisill his wife re-married to Sir William Waldegrave, Knight. " She died 1600. " 4 Ja. ... 1606. Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas ; wife of " Henry Lord Windsor. He died 1605. She 161 5. " 161 5. Thomas Lord Windsor, son and heir. " Thomas „ sold it to " Thomas (!*) Williams. " 1736. Sir John Williams, Knight, Lord Mayor of London, built " the Hall. " Sir William Rowley, K.B., by purchase. Died 1768. " 1768. Sir Joshua Rowley, ist Bart, son and heir. Died 1790. " 1790. Sir William „ 2nd „ „ „ 1833. "1833. Sirjoshua R.Rowley, 3rd „ son and heir. Died 1857. " 1857. Sir Charles Robert Rowley, brother of Sir Joshua." MANOR OF NETHERHALL, WITHERMARSH. Lords. "T.R.Ed Robert. " W. I. ... ... Swene of Essex, son and heir. " Robert de Essex, son and heir. " Henry „ „ forfeited 11 H. H., 1165. " H. n. ... ... Amfreda de Winemershe, widow, held lands here. " Robert Musgrave held rents here. Died 38 H. HL, 1254. " 3 E. I. ... 1275. „ „ Wynermers, owed suit to ye hundred " Court of Babergh, for lands here. Roger de Wirthemers. Richard Withermarsh ; living 21 R. IL, 1397. George Bacon, gentleman, and Margaret his wife, daughter " and heiress of John Abell, had a grant from ye Queen " of certain lands and tenements called Wymarks. D 2 " 14E. n. ... 1320. "45 E. HL.., . 1371- " I Mary ... 1553. 20 STOKE BY NAYLAND, 5 Eliz. ... 1563. Sir Thomas Revett, Knight, by grant. Died 25 Eliz., 1583. " It probably from hence descended through Waldegraves, " Windsors, WiUiams, &c., to WiUiams and Rowleys, as " in Tendring Hall Manor. " Sir W. Rowley, K.C.B. 1768. " Sir Joshua Rowley, 1st Bart. Died 1790. " 1790. Sir William Rowley, 2nd „ son and heir. Died 1833. "1833. Sir Joshua Rowley, 3rd „ „ „ 1857. " 1857. Sir Charles 4th „ „ brother of Sir J." MANOR OF GIFFORD'S HALL. Lords. " 15 E. I. .. 1287. " 3E. n... • 1310- "13E. IL .. • 1318. I Ric. II. 1378. " 19 Ric. II. " 6H. IV., " 16 E. IV.. 1428. 1435- 1476. "33H.Vin. 1541. " 6 Ph. & My. 1558. " 32 Eliz. . *' 15 Jac. I... 1590. 1617. 1634. 1687. 1713- 1758. 1764. Sir William Gififord had free warren. Thomas GifFord. William Gifford, son and heir, had free warren. He pre- " sented to Nayland Chapel, as Lord, in 1312, 1329, " and 1340. " Robert Gifford, presented 1353. Simon Burley, held the Manor of Gifford's Hall, and had " free warren. " John Withermersh. Richard Withermersh. Philip Mannock, Esq., by purchase from the Crown. John Mannock, Esq., son and heir. Died 16 E. IV., 1476. John " George „ William „ Francis „ William „ Sir Francis „ SirWillm. „ Sir Francis „ SirWillm. „ Sir Anthony,, Esq., Esq., Esq., Esq., Esq., 1st Bart, 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Died 1541. >> 6 Ph. & My. 1558 » 32 Eliz. » 15 Ja. L » 1634- » 1686. » 1713- » 1758. » 1764. )> 1776. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 2 1 " 1776. Sir Francis Mannock, 7th Bart, uncle. Died ij']^, sine prole. " 1778. Sir Thomas „ 8th „ brother „ 1781. do. " 1 78 1. Sir George „ 9th „ brother „ 1787. " 1814. William Valentine Commyns Mannock, Esq. Died 1819. " Patrick Power, Esq. He has taken the name of Mannock. " Died 1874. " 1874. Walter Mannock Strickland Mannock, Esq." MANOR OF SCOTLAND HALL. Lords. " John de Scotland, of Stoke Nayland. " 9 E. HL 1334. William de Scotland, son and heir. He gave it to his " mother Margaret, wife of Robert de Rokewode. They "held it 31 E. HI, 1357. '* 33 E. HI. 1359. Thomas de Rokewode, son and heir of John de Rokewode. " Died, sine prole. " John de Rokewode, brother and heir. " „ „ son and heir. Died sine prole. " 8 H. VI. 1430. William Rokewode, of Stanningfield, Esq. (brother and " heir), and Elizabeth his wife. " William Rokewode, son and heir. " Thomas Rookwood, „ Died 12 H. VHI. John „ Esq., „ Elizabeth „ his widow ; for life. Robert „ Esq., son and heir of John. Died 1566. Robert Rookwood, senr., Esq., and Robert Rookwood, his " son and heir on his marriage with Dorothy Drury, " granted it to Elizabeth Drury, widow. He died " 43 Eliz. " 5 Eliz. ... 1563. Elizabeth Drury, widow. " 44 Eliz. ... 1601. Henry Rookwood, Esq., son and heir of Robert, was living, " Died sine prole. " Ambrose Rookwood, Esq., brother and heir. Executed " for treason 1605. ******* " 1 8 14. William Valentine Cummyns Mannock, Esq." " 12 H. VHL 1520. " 14 H. VIH. 1522. " 14 H. VHL 1522. " 5 Eliz. ... 1563- 22 STOKE BY NAYLAND. MANOR OF LEVENHEY. Lords. " T. R. E Brungar — a free man of Robert. " W. I Swayne of Essex, son of Robert. " Robert de Essex, son and heir. "Henry „ „ forfeited ii H. II., 1165. " William de Criketot. " „ „ (son and heir) and Mary his wife. " Died 26 E. I., 1298. " 27 E. I. ... 1298. William de Criketot, son and heir, and Joan his wife. " Died 3 E. II. " 3 E. II. ... 1309. William de Criketot, son and heir. Died 17 E. III., 1343. " 17 E. III. 1343. Sir William de Criketot, Knight, son and heir. Died " 28 E. III., 1354. "28 E. III. 1354. William de C. Criketot, son and heir. Died sine prole. H. VI. ... Sir Richard Waldegrave, Knight, held half a fee in Leveney. " Sir Thomas „ „ brother. " Sir William „ „ son and heir, " 18 Jac. ... 1620. Geffrey Little, senr., and Geffrey Little, junr., had a grant " of a Court leet here. " Sir Joshua Rowley, ist Bart. Died 1798. "1798. Sir William „ 2nd „ son and heir. Died 1833. "1833. Sir Joshua R. „ 3rd „ „ „ „ 1857. "1857. Sir Chas. Robt. „ 4th „ brother of Sir Joshua." MANOR OF CAUSERS, BEAUCHAMP, SHARDELOWES. Lords. " 16 E, I. ... 1288. Edmund de Sherdelowe had lands held of him here. " 5 Eliz. ... 1563. Sir Thomas Revett, Knight, by grant. Died 25 Eliz., 1583. " Probably this has descended with Tendring Hall. " Sir Joshua Rowley, ist Bart. Died 1790. "1790. Sir William „ 2nd „ son and heir. Died 1833. "1833. Sir Joshua R. „ 3rd „ „ „ 1857. "1857. SirChas. Robt. „ 4th „ brother of Sir Joshua." " H. III. "26 E.I. ... 1298. " 13 E. II.... 1319- STOKE BY NAYLAND. 23 MANOR OF CHAMBERLAINE'S. Lords. Ralph le Chamberlene, held lands here at his death. Sir Thomas le Chamberlain, son and heir. Roger le Chamberleyn „ held lands, &c., here. " Died 13 E. IL, 13 19. " 17 E. II. ... 1324. Richard le Chamberlaine, son and heir, held messuage and "lands here. Paid his relief 15 E. II., 1322. Died " 14 Ed. III., 1340. " 14 E. III. 1340. Alice, his widow. Died 15 E. III., 1341. • " 15 E. III. 1341. Roger Chamberlayne, son and heir. " Ralph Chamberlaine of Gedding, son and heir. " Francis Mannock, Esq. Died 33 Eliz., 1591. " 42 Eliz. ... 1600. The Queen leased to Richard Croft, gent, 2 parts of " Gifford's and Chamberlaine's. " (It has probably descended with Gifford's Hall.) " 18 14. William Mannock, Esq. " Patrick Power, Esq, He has since taken the name of " Mannock." PEYTON MANOR. " The monuments of the earliest date, which are now left in Stoke Church, are " those of the Peytons. " This family was descended from William Malet, a Norman Baron, Sheriff of " Yorkshire in the 3rd year ofW^illiam the Conqueror, from whom he received the grants •' of many lordships and manors ; among others those of Sibton and Peyton Hall in " Suffolk, at the time of the general survey. " The first of this family of the name of Peyton was Reginald (or Nigellus) de " Peyton, second son of Walter Malet, Lord of Sibton in Suffolk, and grandson of the • " above William Malet This Reginald was Lord of Peyton Hall in Ramsholt, and of " Peyton Hall in Boxford and Stoke Nayland. He held the office of (f) Sewer Dapifer * " The office of Sewer was to place in order the dishes at a Feast. In * Leland's Collectanea,' we have accounts * ' of the Feasts given at the respective enthronizations of Archbishop Neville and Archbishop Warham. Among " the different officers employed the Sewer stands conspicuous. It appears that he at different times was to go to " the dresser, and there take ' say* or ' assay' of every dish. The manner of doing so is described, and it appears " to have been a very important business, similar to that of Cupbearer in tasting or assaying the drink. At the Feast " given by Warham to Henry VIII. and Charles the V. on their way through Canterbury from Dover, the Duke of *' Buckingham as Sewer rode upon a white hobby before the banqueting dishes, and after some ceremony he rode ' ' to the table, when he delivered his hobby and sword, kneeling at the table where the Emperor was. " 24 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " to Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. This Reginald was living in 1138, and had two sons, " John de Peyton and William de Peyton. John was Lord of Peyton Hall in Ramsholt, " and Peyton Hall in Stoke. His lands were confirmed to him by King Stephen. His " wife's name was Agnes, and he had at least four sons, John the elder, Peter, John the " younger, and Walter, Of these sons Peter inherited the Lordship of Peyton Hall in " Ramsholt, and lived in the reigns of Henry the 2nd and John. He had two sons, " Robert and Henry. Henry held a fee in Ramsholt of his brother Robert, called " Howards, and took the name of Howard from it. Collins suggests that the Dukes "of Norfolk came of this stock. John de Peyton, junr. (styHng himself 'Ego saepe " ' nominatus Johannes de Peitune, junr.'), sold his land at Boxford and Stoke, which his " father and uncle William held of the Abbey of Bury, to his eldest brother John. It " may be noticed here that the name of William de Tendring, son of John de Tendring, " first occurs as a witness to a deed of this John. " John the elder was Lord of Peyton Hall in Boxford, part of his land being in " Stoke, temp. Richard L and Henry HL He married Maud, the daughter and heiress of " Geofifry de Stamundeshey. He was buried in Stoke Church, under a marble stone having " a French inscription, in Saxon characters, of which the following words alone remain : — " Jena de Peytona . . . mercye I'ame Christ. " He had two sons. Sir John de Peyton, the first knight of that name, and Robert. " This Robert was Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in the 53rd of Henry HI (a.D. 1268), " and was Lord of the Manor of Ufiford in Suffolk, which name he assumed. He died " in the 26th of Edward I., A.D. 1298. His son, Robert de Ufford, was created Earl of " Suffolk 1336. Another son, John, was Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury, " elect, but died before his institution, June 7th, 1348. He was buried in Canterbury " Cathedral. (See 'Weever's Monuments,' p. 222.) " Sir John Peyton, succeeded his father as Lord of Peyton Hall in Boxford. He is " stated to have had great store of land in Cavendish, Waldingfield, Assington, Stoke " Nayland, and other places, in the time of Henry III. He married Matilda de Bueris, " heiress to her uncle (.-' brother) Simon de Notelo or Notelewell, who gave John de " Peyton lands in Boxford. He lies buried by his father in Stoke Church in the rank " of a knight, with the cross and a mullet, under a marble stone, with this French " inscription round the edge : — " Vous qe par ici passet " Pur Fame sire Jehan de Peytona priet " Le course de oi ici gist " L'ame receyue I. H. U. Crist. Amen. " This Sir John had by Matilda de Bueris, three sons, John, William, and James (James " was the head of another branch of the Peytons. He was witness to deeds of his " brother Sir John in 1304 and 1309), and two daughters, both named in the will of " their brother Sir John, Agnes and Egidia. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 25 " Sir John de Peyton, second knight, Lord of Peyton Hall in Boxford, was knight " of the shire for Suffolk in the 29th of Edward I., 1300. He was thrice married, " 1st to Aves or Hawes, 2nd Clementine, widow of Weyland, 3rd Agnes. His will is " dated the loth of Edward H., A.D., 13 16, and proved 7th Cal. February. He was " buried in Stoke Church with his three wives, in the chapel which he himself had built, " as appears from his will, which follows : — " In nomine Patris et filii et spiritus sancti. Amen. Die lunae proxim. ante festum " Sancti Nicholas Anno Domini Millesimo ccc"'" xvi. Ego Johannes de Peyton miles " sanae memoriae condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. Imprimis lego Deo " animam meam et corpus meum ad sepeliendum in ecclesia parochiali de Stoke " Neyland, coram altari de Sancto Edmundo scilicet in capella quam condidi ex parte " boreali ejusdem ecclesiae. " Item lego summo altari ejusdem ecclesiae pro equo ituro coram corpore meo die " sepulturse meae ad pro toto harnesio ejusdem equi et desuper equitantis v marcas ex " assensu et concessione vicar : ejusdem ecclesiae. Item lego eidem summo altari pro " decimis oblitis sm marcam. " Item ad exequias die sepulturae ut in luminar hernesio meo convivio, hujusmodi " perficiendas xx marcas. Item lego ad perficiend cementari supradictae capellae meae " ex parte boreali ecc. de Stoke Neyland ut in petra calta et hujus modi deficient : " ad opus praedictum emen dxxxj. Item lego ad opus praedictum totum meremium " et plumbum quod ad hoc habeo paratum et praesignatum. Carpentaria vero et " coopertura ejusdem fieri debeat per ordinationem Roberti de Peytone filii mei. " Item lego Johanni de Peytone filio meo xxti marcas. Item lego Jacobo de Peytone " fratri meo xb. Item Egidiae filiae meae moniali de Mallyngg xxj. Item lego " Ade de Seyham i marcam et 2 quarter frumenti. Item uxori ejusdem Ade i quarter " frumenti. Item Johanni Bolevyle nugatori dimid. quarter frumenti. Item carectario " de Peytone 2 bussett frumenti. Item lego Agneti sorori mea i quar' frumenti. Item " Roberto Gernoun i quarter frumenti. Item lego ad proficiendum cooperturam capellae " de Nelend cum tegula 2 marcas. Item lego domino Reginaldo de Peytone canonico " Sancte Osithe dimid. marcam. Item lego Cristine uxori Roberte de Peytone totam " cameram meam. Item lego Jacobo de Bures melius firmactum meum. Item domine '' Egidie sorori meae j firmactum aureum. Item lego Thomae de Chasteleyn j annulum " aureu pretii ijs. Item Roisiae uxori suae j annulum aureum pretii ijs. Item Hawisiae " filiae meae j firmactum argenteum. Et quod residuum fuerit omnium bonorum " meorum in hoc testamento non contentorum seu legatorum lego Roberti de Peytone " filio meo, ita quod debita mea solvantur, ad istud vero testamentum meum prout " disposui exequendum ordino et constituo executores meos, scilicat Robertum de " Peytone filium meum et Adam de Sayham. In cujus rei testimonium praesentibus " sigillum meum apposui. Datum ad domum meam apud Peytone in Stoke Neylond " die et anno supradictis. E 26 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Indorse dicti"^ " Probatum fuit istud testamentum coram nobis domini Arche- " Testamenti. J " diaconi Subyr. officiali in ecclesia parochiali de Meleford VII. " Kalend. Februarii anno Domini millesimo ccc™** decimo octavo. Et concessa est " administratio omnium bonorum dictum testamentum contingenicum executoribus in " dicto testamento nominatis in forma juris juratis." The above is transcribed, and in some minor particulars abbreviated, from the original among the Peyton deeds at Isleham, in the county of Cambridge, by Sir Simon D'Ewes, 29th December, A.D. 1631. Translation of the said Will. " In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. On • Monday, before the Festival of St. Nicholas, A.D. 13 16, I, John de Peytone, Knight, " being of sound memory, make my will as follows : — " In the first place I bequeath my soul to God, and my body to be buried in the " Parish Church of Stoke Nayland, before the altar of St. Edmund, namely in the " Chapel which I built in the north part of the same Church. " I also bequeath to the High Altar of the same Church, instead of the horse which " will go in front of my body on the day of my burial, and instead of the complete " harness of the same horse, and also of the rider, 5 marks with the assent and consent " of the Vicar of the same Church. I also bequeath to the same High Altar for (tithes) " forgotten, i mark. " I also bequeath for the ceremonies of the day of my funeral, and that I may " shine in my proper state, and for the completion of the same, 20 marks. I also " bequeath for the completion of the cemetery of my before-mentioned Chapel in the " north part of the Church of Stoke by Nayland 305-. to be laid out in stone and lime, " and for anything wanting of this kind for the aforesaid work. I also bequeath for the ' " aforesaid work the whole wages and the lead which I have prepared and pre-assigned "-for this work. But the carpentry work and the covering of the same should be done " according to the directions of my son Robert de Peytone. I also bequeath to John " de Peyton, my son, 20 marks. I also bequeath to James de Peytone, my brother, " 40^-., also to my daughter Egidia, the nun of Mallyng, 20s. I also bequeath to Ade of " Sayham, i mark and 2 quarters of corn ; also to the wife of the same Ade i quarter " of corn. Also to John Bolevyle, my jester, half a quarter of corn. Also the coach- " man (careatario) of Peytone, 2 bushels of corn. I also bequeath to my sister Agnes, " I quarter of corn. Also to Robert Gernoun, i quarter of corn. I also bequeath for " the completion of the covering of the Chapel of Nayland with tile, 4 marks. I also " bequeath to Master Reginald de Peytone, Canon of St. Osyth, half a mark. I also •' bequeath to Christina, the wife of Robert de Peytone, my whole wardrobe (?) " I also bequeath to James de Bures, my better (.■' best) buckle. I also leave to Lady STOKE BY NAYLAND. 2/ " Egidia, my sister, one gold buckle. I also bequeath to Thomas de Chesteleyn, i gold " ring worth 2 shillings ; also to Roisia, his wife, i gold ring worth 2 shillings. Also to " Hawisia, my daughter, i silver buckle ; and the remainder of all my goods not " contained or bequeathed in this will I leave to Robert Peytone, my son, on condition " that my debts be paid. And I ordain and appoint, for the carrying out of the " provisions of my will, Robert de Peyton, my son, and Adam de Sayham, my executors. " In corroboration and proof of this, I have set to my seal in their presence. " Given at my house, Peytone, Stoke Nayland, the day and year before-mentioned. « -p. J J f" This will was proved before us, in the Parish Church of L" Meleford, the Master the Archdeacon of Sudbury, the 7 Calend. " of February, in the year of our Lord 13 18, and the administration of all the goods " belonging to the aforesaid will was granted to the executors named in the aforesaid " will, and lawfully sworn." It would seem from the concluding part of this will, that Sir John resided at Stoke. PEYTON. His family by Avis consisted of Robert, John, named in his father's will. Rose, married to Thomas de Chastelyn, who died about 1381, Hawyse Avis, living in 1348, and Egidia, a nun of Mallyng in Kent. Sir Robert de Peyton, his eldest son, was Lord of Peyton Hall, Boxford, and in most of his deeds is called the Chevalier and Monsier. He married twice. His first wife was Lady Cristina de Appleton, relict of William de Appleton. She died 19th Edward II., A.D. 1325, and was buried in Stoke Church with great pomp. Her funeral expenses are thus down : — " 50 Quarters of wheat ... .... ... ... ^^ 4 10 o " X Hogsheads of wine ... ... ... ... 53 4 o ; " 4 Muttons 050'' " 8 Barrow hogs... ... ... ... ... 140 " 10 Calves ... ... ... ... ... — — " &c., &c., &c.'' Sir Robert's second wife was Joan de Marney, of Layer Marney, Essex, living 23rd Edward III., A.D. 1349. Sir Robert died A.D. 13 51, and was buried in the Chapel in Stoke Church, by the side of his father. Sir John de Peyton, Knight, the eldest son of Sir Robert, was living in the 17th of Richard II., 1393, and in loth of Henry IV., 1408, and was buried at Stoke. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Guernon, Knight, of Lees, in Essex, Lord of Wicken, county Cambridge, and of Blackwell, county Derby. She died in the 2nd year of Henry V., 14 14, and was buried at Wicken. The eldest son of this Sir John de E 2 28 STOKE BY NAYLAND. Peyton died without offspring. The second son, John de Peyton, married Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir Hamon Sutton, Knight of Wickesho, died about 1404, and was buried at Stoke. His will is dated 1404. Since then, no burials of the Peyton family are recorded to have taken place in Stoke. Peyton Hall and some farms in the neighbourhood were sold about 10 years ago. Peyton Hall, now in the possession of B. Lungley, Esq., although diminished in size, is one of the most picturesque buildings in the neighbourhood. The following extracts from Church notes by Sir John Blois, relate to the chapel built by Sir John de Peyton : — PEYTON. " Extract from Church notes by Sir John Blois — " Glass, Gu. 3 bugle horns (.-' if for Roding) thrice in an isle (stc) built by him {ut " videtur) with a gravestone with this coat where an armed man " Gravestones. " Also in the isle or small chapel, where the three bugles are thrice in the glasse, " there is a stone with an armed man in brass, and the same coat in brasse uppon the " stone, the name stolen. That isle did belong to a house called Roding House. " Nighe Roding Isle are two gravestones for two of the Peytons, written about in " French as in the book of monuments, p. "jy^. This refers to Weever's funeral monu- " ments (edit. 163 1), who gives the following account : — " At the upper end on the north side of this Church, next to the chancel, John de " Peyton, the son of Reginald, lieth interred under a marble stone ; about the verge " whereof are these few French words following only remaining : — " Le cours de oi ici gist " L'ame receyue I. H. U. Crist. Amen. " Under another marble stone adjoining, his son, Sir John Peyton, Knight, lieth ^ interred, with this inscription in French : — " Vous qe par ici passet " Pur' l'ame Sire Jehan de Peytona priet ** Le course de oi ici gist " L'ame receyue L H. U. Crist Amen. Before the Church was restored, in the north window of this chapel, were the " arms, supporters, and a motto of England, in a square compartment, but in the upper " Dexter corner had been inserted these arms of Hull (i*) " ' Erm, 3 lozenges, Gu,' and under them * Me Regem '...." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 29 " Over the arch is the crest of Henniker, an escallop shell or, charged with an " etoile gu, " On removing the floor of this chapel a stone was brought to light with this " inscription : — " M. S. " Here lieth interred the body of Anne Shawe, late wife of John Shawe, of " Colchester, Esq., by whom she had left three sons and a daughter. She died January " ye fifth. Anno Domini 169^. A woman esteemed by her friends, and beloved by her " neighbours, is wanted by the poor, and lamented by all who knew her. " And on taking off the whitewash from the wall over the arch of this chapel in " 1845, were the two figures; of which careful and accurate drawings were made by " Miss Liveing." 30 STOKE BY NAYLAND. > J < o CM w X H o >^ o o < o >^ rt ^ . li o Ij ^o »— > Ph X i>, ^ o C r^ >H ffi 1<-I ■ O g c "^ a! O c ■" . TJ ■!-• _|_; -3 j2 nS^ 5-5.2 Sc/3 a. :/} ^ ^ fO 2i S 1) 1—1 ^^ItH* g II i c55.g- g.£; •a M < ..2 O fe (U O >-, tn >P5^ o .^ c o • 2 >.^ S "" o o g ^ o s >^ - "-£ .id i^ <-> -il ^^„"^ ° ^ ^ rt .■0 4)^53 6 , c3 •- P5 1"^^ , c ? tn oi " •T3 1—1 W. - -" o E .^ iu -.a r*^ • rt *i c; C W) C S I" t-1 H-, C X> HH ^ 00 4) -f u LL( CO O 1) S W _ r/i I rC ON S (U i/l N > ._~ c Q^ o • cO ^ . Si ■" *~>1=; - ^ v., S r^ ^^ Q 3 ;3 y?Wc«>Wp5m ■5 t, "^-^ - .Si ro O '^ £/) 1-4 -*:^ -O g .^ 1= oo".iJ c . "8- t< Pi "t, 41 >::; o £ = W s - • O M ON P^.> o S -c -^ ^ 1> A'« 0^■S « j; s u XON-^ U t^ o 4) 4) ^H rt 4) gSi O N Pi E w !3 4> •^^ OS 13 . Si ^ pq « 13 . ^ .a rt 4) U 13 ^ CS «'2 o >-> 4> r<^ Pi flj U O STOKE BY NAYLAND. 31 MANOR OF STOKE RECTORY. " 39 Ed. I. ... 1 30 1. The Prior of Prittlewell had the advowson. " 2. Hen. VIII. 1 501. The Prior of Prittlewell presented, " 28 Hen. VIII. 1536. The King presented. " 37 Hen. VIII. 1545. Thomas Thorowgood and John Foster by a grant from " the Crown. " Thorowgood had license to aliene it. " 1551- Thomas Wiseman held it, who sold it to " 5 Eliz. ... 1563. Robert Bell, gentleman, and Dorothy his wife, who had " license to aliene it to " 1568. Francis Mannock, Esq. " It has probably since that time had the same Lords as " Gifford's Hall, with one, at least, exception, for " 1630. Paul, Viscount Bayning, died seized of the Rectory of " Stoke." STOKE VICARAGE. " The Vicar of Stoke holds the rent-charge also of Nayland, Nayland in the reign " of Henry VI. being a Hamlett de Neyland, or percell villae de Stoke, and the proper " description of the vicarage is of Stoke cum Nayland. To distinguish it from other " villages of the same name, it is called Stoke by Nayland, formerly Stoke atte " Nayland. " The Church of Stoke is dedicated to St. Mary, that of Nayland to St. James. "In Domesday Book * Estimatio ecclesiae Ix mares, Estimatio vicariae ejusdem xxxii '' ' mares. Portio Colchester in cadem ecclesia xxs. Carnagium xxvi ob.' " In Domesday Book the quantity of glebe land or minister's ground is stated to " be 60 acres, with one large church." The vicarage of Stoke Nayland formerly had a portion of tithes in the parish of Bagthorp in Norfolk, valued at 6 marks. " To the vicarage heretofore, belonged a fair and stately vicarage house, built of " timber, wherein have been at one time lodged two Dukes, two Earls, and their " Dutchesses and Countesses. It was alienated from the Church in the reign of " Edward VI. by an irreligious and unconscionable composition between the Bishop 32 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Patron and Incumbent, and instead thereof was allotted to the vicar a little house in " the street near the Church. T. Sufifolk M.S.S. Revd. T. Talbot" In the list of deeds in Gififord's Hall, this exchange is thus spoken of, under the dates 36 of Henry VIIL, and 3rd and 5th of Henry VI. : — " 36 Hen. VIII. John Foster releases to Thomas Thorowgood for the Parsonage " Church and Manor of Stoke and the Vicarage House with all the appurtenances " bought of Henry VIII. at the dissolution of the Abbey of Prittlewell, Essex. " 3rd Edward VI., 1550. The purchase of the Vicarage House and Garden of Stoke " from Ths. Thorowgood and Ths. Ruddock, with the consent and will of the Bishop of " Norwich. " 5th, 1552. Ths. Thorowgood conveys the Parsonage, Church, and Manor of " Stoke, with the Vicarage House, to Ths. Wiseman. A license from the Crown to " alienate from Ths. Thorowgood to Ths. Wiseman the Parsonage, Church, and Manor " of Stoke." VICARS OF STOKE. " 1301, " 1312 " 13 16, " 1327 " 1328 " 1 341 " 1342 " 1343 " 1348 " 1349 " 1355 " 1364 " 1368 " 1370- Will, de Coldwell, vie. Gulf de Nottingham, vie, ad nominationem et praesentationem. Prioris " de Prittlewell. Mr. Tho. de Carleton, vie, ad nom. et praesent. Prioris ejusdem. Jo'es de Sutton, vie, ad nom. et praesent. ejusdem. John de Glynton, vie, ad nom. et praesent. ejusdem. Guil. de Hardingham, vie, cum Brytham. Rog. de Stow, vie, Beatae Mariae ad col. episcopi qui convenit cum " Priore de Prittlewell praesentare nominatim per Deum. Will, de Wallyngford, ad nom. epise et praesent. Dni, de Prittlewell. Rob. de Welton, ad nom. epise et praesent. Pritt. Prior de Prittlewell in " manu sua. Johannes de Bury, ad nom. et praesent. Prioris de Prittlewell. Adam Keene de Stoke, ad nom. et praesent. Prioris de Prittlewell. Jo'es le Hunt, praes. cum Whitechurch, Lincoln, ad nom. et praes. Prioris " de Prittlewell. Petrus Hares. Jo'es de Stansted, permutat cum Magdenwell Lincoln ad nom. et praes. " Prioris de Prittlewell. Philip de Bocking, ob. 1375. Test, ejus prob. 8 Oct. Sepultus in " ecclesia Ash Bocking. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 33 " 1375. Henry Thomeston, Test ejus prob. 19 Jan., 1416. " 1416, Jo'es Lenche, ad nom, et praesent. Prions de Prittlewell. " 1422. Will. Goldyn, permutat cum Appleby, Lincoln, ad nom. et praesent. " ejusdem. " 1426, Ricd. Symeon, promut. cum Horkello, London, ad nom. et praesent. " ejusdem. " 1455. Mr. Jo'es Craneys, ad nom. et praesent. ejusdem. " 1458. Mr. Thomas Swayne, A.M., ad nom. et praesent. ejusdem, " 1506. Mr. Jo'es Leycestre, ad nom. et praesent. ejusdem. " 1 5 10. Mr. Will. Hedge. " Mr. Geo. Writham. "1536. Rich. Berehall. " 1545. Rolandus Merck, ad praes. Dni Pryt. amici episc. Bangor. " 1555. Rob. Coots, vicar. " Thomas Heever (Parish Register, Habor). " 1562. William Woodall, ad praesent. Robt. Bell, arm. " 1565. William Fenton, ad col. Dni, episc. pleno jure. "1566. Jo'es Markent (Parish Register, Markant), ad praes., Robt. Bell, " arm. " 1583. Ths. Danks, A.M., ad praesent. Francisci Mannock, arm. " 1599. Ths. Hale, A.M., ad praesent. assign, ejusdem. " 1600. Jo'es Hankyn, ad praes. assign, ejusdem. Mortuus est circiter 1627, " 1634. Thomas Mott, ad praes. Jo'es Mott hac vice, Vicarius de Stoke " Neyland. (a) " 1662. Thomas Parish, ad praes. Reginalde Williams, arm. pleno jure. " 1685. Thomas Reeve, ad praes. Franc. Mannock, Baronet. (^) " 17 19. Adam Barnes, ad praes. John White resigned. " 1754. Thomas Ottley, do., resigned. " 1754. Jeremiah Dunbar, ad praes. Sir W. Rowley. " 1769. John Gent, on presentation of Dame Arabella Rowley. " 1806. Joshua Rowley, on presentation of Sir W. Rowley,, Bart. " 1832. Charles Martin Torlesse, on presentation of Sir W. Rowley, Bart." (*) His daughter Sarah was married February nth, 1645, to William Gumall, Rector of Lavenham, author of " Christian Armour." After the Restoration he was one of the ejected ministers. In Calamy's (the Nonconformist) Memorial he is spoken of as "a very valuable man." Vol. 2, p. 437. (*) Rev. T. Reeve left for the use of the parish the library now in the room over the south porch of the Church.' Vidi Appendix. 34 STOKE BY NAYLAND. TENDRING MANOR. The following is a list of the Lords of this Manor, given by Davy in his " Suffolk Collectanea." " In the time of Edward the Confessor " In the reign of William the Conqueror "In the following reigns 2 Henry II„ 1190 10 Edward I., 1285 " 31 Edward I., 1303 " 33 Edward I., 1305 "49 Edward III., 1375 Rodbert. Swayne of Essex. {Robert de Essex, son and heir. Henry de Essex, son and heir. The estate was forfeited. William de Tendring had free warren. William de Tendring and Beatrice his wife had a grant for a mar- ket and fair here. Sir John Tendring, son and heir. Sir William Tendring, son and heir. " The name of Tendring is a very old one in connection with this parish. Among " the Mannock family deeds, the names of William and John de Tendring occur as " witnesses in the reign of Henry III., 1216-1272. William and John would seem " therefore to have been either the ancestors, or of the same generation as the William " de Tendring, who stands first of that name in the list of the Lords of the Manor given " above. In a later deed of the reign of Edward I. (i 272-1 307), Henry, son of John " Pylot de Prittlewell, Essex, gives to William de Tendring, Beatrice his wife, and " Richard their son, the homage and service of Alicia, formerly the wife of Robert, the " son of George de Tendring, and their heirs, with 4 marks of yearly rent which she owed " to John Pylot his brother, for a house in Stoke Nayland." We learn also from the State papers that this William de Tendring had a free warren in Polstead and Boxford. The last of the name in the list of Lords of the Manor, Sir William de Tendring, married Catherine, daughter of Sir William Mylde of Clare, the widow of Sir Thomas de Cloptone of Kentwell Hall, Melford. The portrait of her, facing this page, was taken from the east window of Melford Church, placed there in 1490 by her son, Sir John de Cloptone. The copy was made by the late R. Almack, Esq. The following is an extract from her will : — The will of Katherine de Tendering from Harleian Charters 56 H. 37. It begins with her testimonium, making profession of her faith, and the usual bequests to neighbouring churches. Then follows the " Ultima Voluntas." The whole document is very long. I extract the following portion, date 24th February, A.D. 1403 : — " Item, Willielmo filio meo unam peciam argenti sive covercle cum sex coclearibus 00 o ^ t ^ m STOKE BY NAYLAND. 35 " argenti, unum lectum de albo worsted steyned cum viris et faeminis, unum lectum " viridem videlicet coverlyt et tester unum matras bluet, unam mappam de Parys cum " uno longo towayle de eodem artificio, unum vestimentum viride pro capellano cum uno " calice, et cum missali, et unum librum vocatum Byble. . . . . . " Item volo quod decem librae liberentur ad reparationem Ecclesiae de Stoke " Neylond, et pro una petra pro sepultura mea cooperienda quinque marcae. " Item volo quod triginta pauperes homines in villa de Stoke Neylond praedicta, " Melford, et aliis villis habeant die sepulturae meae quilibet eorum quatuor virg. panni " pro gownes dicto die inde habend**., et quilibet eorum habeat pro factura earundem " sex denarios." From the testamentum, the following : — " Item lego viginti pauperibus magis egenis in villa Stoke Neylond xxj., cuilibet " eorum xlid., statim post obitum meum distribuendos." For the benefit of some of my readers I add a translation. " I also bequeath to my son William, one piece of silver or cover, with six silver " spoons, one bed of white worsted with figures of men and women, one green bed, " namely, a coverlid, one blue mattress, one napkin of Parys, one green vest for the " chaplain, with one chaHce, and with a missal, and one book called 'Byble.' " I also will that ten pounds be set free (set apart) for the repair of the Church of " Stoke Neylond, and for one stone being placed over my grave, five marks. " I also will that thirty poor men in the village of the aforesaid Stoke Neylond, " Melford, and other villages, may have on the day of my burial, each of them, four " yards of cloth for gowns, to be had on the aforesaid day, and each of them sixpence " for the making them, " I also bequeath to the twenty most destitute in the village of Stoke Neylond " twenty shillings, to each of them twelve pence, to be distributed among them imme- " diately after my death." Alice, the only child of Sir William Tendring and Catherine his wife, represented as a person of great beauty, with abundance of fair golden hair, was the second wife of Sir John Howard. We are thus introduced to the family of Howard, the most distinguished of those connected with Stoke, and destined to play a most important part in the history of this country. FAMILY OF HOWARD. The following is the pedigree of the family, as long as it was connected with Stoke : — F 2 36 STOKE BY NAYLAND. o I— I Q W Ph d 1.^ tt H ^ a ^ CJ c« 3 ^ Vw ( ) 0) 3ri4 CJ o .S-S M O [Vl U3 U >— » O ^ 2 ^ r^-i ffi Pii w ^x •-.fq ^ J3 TJ O ^ ■^ i^ T3 Tfi-fi U Q i ffi u :3 B buo _Q C C 3 3 >^C9 HH > fr« -H Q J "S o 2- M K c c3 ^ ^ o O 1— > Xi II H c« II ■ \ oi 0) II a o 4) TS 775 1-4 o H H^l •rJ V i fij ;■"; ^ ^ (J5 o o 1> ffi'S f^ t4 ^ rt o j3 2 ^ . H) >^ C s w TS -^ X OJ c 11 ■5 E -w N rg Ci lO o W-c " _.'"'<-: '2'^ rt — w H <:) (U ^ S J3 o o ri ;-) C« CJ«« B^i II Xi rt >> — t;w %% ? HI C ^2 ^ s .<: S .^_^ . a 4,^0 S< t^ rt ^ S^ •^ C . rt ^^ It •£PQ ca T3 Ul cC o E- .Si 00 T3 «^ '^ Ul ST R^^ert tlom^T^ STOKE BY NAYLAND. 37 " Sir Robert Howard married Margaret, eldest daughter of Thomas de Mowbray, " Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter and co-heir of Richard Fitzallen, " Earl of Arundel, son of Lord John Mowbray and Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of " Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, the fifth son of Edward I. " By this marriage the inheritance of these great families became vested in this of " the Howards. Their son John became the first Duke of Norfolk of the Howard line. " He was twice married, first to Catherine, daughter of Lord Molines. By her he " had one son, Thomas, who succeeded to the Dukedom, and four daughters, Anne, " Isabel, Jane, and Margaret. " Anne was married to ... ... Sir John Tymperley, of Hintlesham. " Isabel „ to " Jane „ ist to ,, 2nd to " Margaret „ to Sir Robert Mortimer, of Essex, Knight. Sir J. Willoughby. The Marquis of Berkely, Sir John Wyndham, of Coulthorp and " Felbrig, Norfolk." These daughters are frequently alluded to in the household book of the Duke of Norfolk. The date of their births is uncertain. It must have been between the years 1444 and 1465. " Catherine, the Duke's first wife, was the daughter of William Lord Molines, and " of Eleanor his wife, daughter to Henry Lord Beaumont. Collins calls her Dutches? " of Norfolk, which she never was, as she died many years before her husband was. " created Duke. She lies buried in the south part of the Church of Stoke, between the " high altar and the choir, where a monument was erected for her, exhibiting the figure " of a lady, habited in a hood and gown ; on one side whereof are the arms of Brotherton, " Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or ; the arms of Howard, Gules, a bend " between six cross crosslets, fitchy Argent, and a lion rampant, ducally crowned. " Also, on the four corners are escutcheons of arms ; on the right, next her head, four " coats within a garter, circumscribed ' Honi soit qvi mal y pense.' i, the arms of " Brotherton ; 2, Howard ; 3, Warren, chequy. Or and Azure ; 4, Mowbray, Gules, a " lion rampant Argent ; on the sinister side, six coats, impaling, wavy of six (the arms " of MoHnes), i, Brotherton; 2, Howard; 3, Warren; 4, Brews, of Gower, Azure, a " lion rampant, semi of cross crosslets, Or ; 5, a lion rampant, ducally crowned ; 6, Mow- " bray. At her feet an impalement of the arms of Molines, on the right and on the " sinister sides six coats, Brotherton, &c., as before. Collins gives the date of her death " 145 1, Hankyn, 1456. Neither of the dates is correct. From the following document, found among the Paston letters, in the possession of G. R. Frere, Esq., Roydon, Norfolk, it appears that this first wife of Sir John Howard died in the 5th year of Edward IV., 1465. Very large sums were lavished on her funeral : — 38 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " This wrytenge made at Stoke Naylond the v**" yere of Kinge " Edward the iiij"" and the morrow next after So.ulmesse day wytnesseth, " that this day and yer above said my Lady Dame Kateren Howard " departed to God, and my masf. spent uppon her at y^. above writen " at her beryinge and also at her vii**" day more ... ... ... ... xx/z^. " Also my master spent uppon her at her xxxti day in almesse " and in odre costes in y". to v m}. and ccc pore folke in pece " takinge, jV. s™. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxij//. vj. " It' my mast^ gaff to ^ ix prestes and clerkes ev^y pece vjV. s" ... iij/i. iiijj. vjd. " It' my mast^ gaff Ixviij children in y'' quere, ev'y pece i}d. s™ ... xij. iiij^. " It' my mast', paid for blakke clothe for gownes for his men ^ " yerdes, pece of ev'y yerde iij.f. iiij^. s"" ... ... ... ... ... xxj/?^. ** It' my mast^ bout as myche waxe for torches and tapyrs as cost "hym... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... yniimks. n]s. i}d. " It' my mast^ paid for xiiij pore mennes gownes for the clothe and " for the makenge ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... lijs. " It' my mast^ spent in all man', of spyces as myche as drew . . . \n]s. ■K]d. " It' my masf spent in wyne at ye said day ... ... ... . . . iij pypes. " It' my mast', spent in maltt for brewenge ... ... ... ... viij seine. * " It' my mast', spent for bere at the same day ... ... ... xxxij barrelles. " It' my mast', spent for whete to make brede and odre bakings ... xiij seme." Sir John Howard did not long remain a widower. The following year he married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Chedworth, the widow of Sir John Norreys, of Bray, in Berkshire. The marriage presents were numerous and costly. " This wrytinge made at London the vj*"" yer of Kynge Edward the iiij and the " xxij day of Jenever wytnesseth what stuffe my mast' Sir John Howard hath " delyvered to my lady his wyfe, jn this month of Jenever : — " First, ij rynges of goolde set w* good dyanawntes, the whyche y*" Quene gaff " my mast'. " It'™ a rynge of goolde w* a fyne rubye. " It'" a nowche of goolde set with a fyne safyr, a grele, and v perles.f " It'" my mast* gaff her a fyne pece of Holland clothe as good as Reynes, " conteyning jn length xl. yerdes, y*^ yerde was well worthe iiijj. " It'" my mast' gaff her anoder pece of Holland clothe corser, conteyninge in " lengthe more than xl. yerdes, y^ yerde was worthe i]s. iiijV. * A seme (summa) was eight bushels. + Note from Paston letters, No. 80. Vol. iv. — An owche is a collar of gold formerly worn by women. A gold button set with some jewel is also so called. §rass of €>nt)^tnm, Jirst Miit of |o^tt f oiwarb, ^irst §nkt of Norfolk, IN STOKE-BY-NAYLAND CHURCH. HsTiison it Sons.Lith, S; Martins Lane.^A':C. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 39 " It"" my mast"^ gaffe her alonge gowne of fyne cremysen velvet furred w* manyver " and purfeled with ermynes. " It'*" my masf gaffe her a longe gowne of fyne grene velvet furred with menyver " and purfeled with ermynes. " It'™ my masf gaffe her ^^ scynnes of fyne ermynes, " It'"" my masf gaff her vij yerdes and di. of fyne grene velvet. " It"° my masf gaff her vij yerdes of cremysen velvet. " It'™ my masf gaff her a devyse of goolde w* xiiij lynkes and y^ ten halfe of the " lynkes enamyled, set w* iiij rubyis, iij dyanawntes, and vij perles. " It'™ my masf gaff her a nother devyse of goolde of the same fassyon w* odre " xiiij lynkes and theryn vij rubyis and vij perles. " It'™ my masf gaff her a gyrdyle of clothe of goolde and the hameyse of goolde. " It'™ my master gaffe her a gyrdyle of green damaske and the harneyse of sylver " and gylte. " It'™ my master gaffe her iij edges of black velvet set w* Iviij perles. " It'™ my master gaffe her a longe gowne of black velvet furryd w* martrys and " purfeled w* marteres. " It'™ my master gaffe her a longe gowne of murrey furryd w* menever and purfeled " w* erymynes. " It'™ my master gaffe her a coler of goolde w* xxxiiij roses and sonnes set on a " corse of black sylke w* an hanger of goolde garnyshed with a saphyre. " It'™ my master gaffe her iiij ownches of goolde garnyshed w* iij rubyis, a saphyre, " an amytes, an emeraude and xv perles. " It'™ my master gaffe her a peyr of bedes for a gentylwomanns nekke, gawdered " w* viij gawders of goolde and viij perles. It'™ a rynge w* a grete saphyre. It'™ my master gaffe her a nother rynge w* an amytes. " It'™ my master gaffe her iij Agnus Dei of goolde. If™ my master gaffe her a gret sygnet of goolde w* ye vernyche.* If™ my master gaffe her v odre ryngs of goolde w*owt stones. " If™ my master gaffe her a cheyne of goolde w* a lokke of goolde garnyshed w* a " rubye. " If™ my master gaffe her a lytell gerdyle of sylk and goolde called a damasent, and ye barneys of goolde. " It'™ my master gaffe her a longe gowne of vyolet engrayned furred with marteres " and purfeled w* marteres. * Vcrn-yche, a corruption of Vera-icon, meaning the true image of our Saviour. Hence also the name St. Veronica, given to the woman who, as the medieval legend runs, presented her handkerchief to our Lord on his way to Calvary to wipe his face, when his image was miraculously impressed upon it. 40 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " It"° ye viiij day of few-er my master delyv'rd to my lady to have to Braye a bed " of cremesen damaske embrowdered w* tyle counterpoynte and tesf all affi* one. " It"" the same day my masf delyvred my lady's abode a cyle and counterpoynt " and a testor of aras w*out goolde. " It'" a piece of aras for hangenge conteyninge in length xj yerdes and iij qr*rs. " It'™ a noy"" pece of aras conteynynge a lengthe viiij yerdes and iij qrtrs. " It'" a noy'" pece conteynynge vij yerdes, a qrters and di. for lengthe. " It'"" a noy^ pece of aras conteynenge v yerdes and iij qrters for lengthe. " It'" delyvred to my said lady iiij peces of new aras whyche came late from Calays " whereof on is a cov*"lor for a bedde, and ye odre iij are tapettes conteynenge all iiij " peces in Flemish ells square ^gy xij. " It'" my master lefte at London at his departynge to Braye in his place in Bath " Row ye xx day of Fev'^er ij brode clothes of blewe. " In the xij*'' yer of Kynge Edward iiij. and the xvj day of March my masf sent to " my lady to Braye a large coshon of cremeson velvet and ij schorte coshones of " cremeson velvet. " It'" a longe coshon of grene velvet and ij schorte coshones of grene velvet. " It'" the same tyme my mast' delyvr'd a cheyne of goolde of the old facyon pse " iij marcs. " It'" the yere above said and the xvj*'' day of Apryle my master delyvered to my " lady V sylver spones, and on the vij yere of the Kynge and in the monthe of Jenever I " delyvered my wyfe a pote of silver to put in grene ginger, that the Kynge gaffe me." (The last item is in the writing of Sir John Howard.) Margaret, this second wife of Sir John Howard, had by her first husband, Sir John Norreys, a daughter Joanna, married to Mr. William Radmeld, the inscription on whose tombstone has already been given in Hankeyn's account of the brasses and monuments in his day. By this second marriage with Sir John Howard she had one son, William, Lord Effingham Howard, and a daughter Catherine, the wife of John Bouchier, Lord Berners. In her will, dated May 13th, 1490, she orders her body to be buried in the choir of the Church of our Lady in Stoke Nayland, before her image, on the side of the high altar. She bequeaths to the reparation of the Church of Stoke, 5 marks ; to the guild of St. John in Stoke 20s. to keep her obiit and to pray for her ; 26s. Sd. to the house of St. John, Colchester ; the like sum to the nuns of Brosyard and friars of Clare ; 20s. to the house of St. Botolph, Colchester, and the like sum to the grey friars and to the friars of Sudbury, who were every one of them to keep her obiit and to pray for her. She directs that t\vo virtuous priests shall sing in the Church of Stoke for her and the soul of ' my husband, John Norreys.' The pedigree of this noble and illustrious family, found in Collins' Peerage, gives no insight into the domestic habits and proceedings of a great establishment, and yet these STOKE BY NAYLAND. 4I should not be overlooked by the historian, if he would faithfully describe the times which he chronicles. " Madame," said Lord Macaulay to a lady (who told him that she kept a careful journal of the proceedings of her household), "you have bequeathed " a valuable legacy to the future historian," Such legacies, imperfect indeed, have come down to our day, relating to the Howards when residing at Tendring, Besides the household or steward's book in the possession of the late Sir Thomas Philips, there are two others which throw much light on the domestic affairs of the three first Dukes of Norfolk. One is " The household book of John, Duke of Norfolk, and Thomas, Earl of " Surrey, temp. 1481-1489, in the library of the Society of Antiquaries." The other, the entries of the steward frojn 15 12 to 1524, referred to by Dr. Nott in his "Lives of the poets Surrey and Wyatt," The former of these two alone is perfect. Sir John Howard was distinguished in the wars with France and Scotland in the reigns of Henry VL and Edward IV. In an unsuccessful engagement with the French, in Charlton, in 1454, he was taken prisoner together with his father-in-law. Lord Molines, and detained a prisoner in France more than seven years. In 1461, Edward IV. made him constable of the castle of Norwich, and sheriff of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and granted him several manors in Suffolk and Essex. In the 2nd year of the reign of this king he was placed at the head of 10,000 men to keep the sea, and in 1470 was made captain of all the king's forces at sea, and in the following year Deputy- Governor of Calais. In 148 1 the king engaged him as his lieutenant in his voyage to Scotland with 3,000 landsmen and marines, the Duke of Gloucester being at the head of the expedition with 23,000 men. From the household book, 1481-1489, we learn that the naval portion of the force sent to Scotland, of which Sir John Howard was Lieutenant, left Harwich, May, 148 1, and that he returned to Stoke in the August of the same year. The accountant of the estate had not ascertained the expenditure of her ladyship during this absence from May to August. After going up to London, Sir John had an interview with Edward IV., and returned to Stoke September 14th, taking much interest in domestic and agricultural pursuits. At the end of the month he revisited London with his lady, was at the Court at Greenwich, and registered with his own hands certain presents he made to the Lord Chamberlain, the Bishop of Ely, and the Lord Mayor. The Christmas of 148 1 he spent at Colchester, of the castle of which he was constable. He returned to Tendring loth January, 1482, and attended 3 days' sessions at Ipswich. On the 31st of January he presented Lord Hastings with a pipe of wine, and 14 days after he gave the Queen's mother 3^ yards of white russett that cost io}4 crowns. On the 15th of February he gave the Duke of Glocester 8 cross-bows and one of steel. He came back to Stoke the 23rd of February, and was again absent from the Hall until the beginning of May, leaving Lady Margaret at Tendring. He was soon off again to London which he reached in one day. He left London on the 20th 42 STOKE BY NAYLAND. of May, and reached Stoke on the 24th. On the 2nd of August he set off again for London which he reached on the 4th, leaving Lady Margaret at the Hall. He was going to and from Court until Christmas 1482. He was present at the election of Knights for the Shire in Ipswich, 1483, and on the 19th of January he rode to London with 30 horsemen, was home by 1st of March* and again in London the 9th of April, the day of Edward the IVth's death. Lady Margaret joined him in London between 21st of April and ist of May. On the 15th of May he gave the Protector a gold cup and cover — ' a coope of goolde and a cover ' weigenge Ixv unces of goolde.' On the 17th May, 1483, he was created Duke of Norfolk, paying ^3 for the patent of Dukedom, i8s. 3^. for the sealship of Norfolk. He had also a grant made to him of the Dutchy of Cornwall. As constable of the tower it would be his business to prepare for the reception of the two young Princes, and under the date of May 4th there are notices of money expended for the repairs of beds, and especially for the " makyng of 3 beds." The next entry is for the cost of 2 sacks of lime. This, in connection with the memoranda relating to the beds, is remarkable. On the 5th of June a sum of money was paid for Lady Margaret to witness the procession in the city for the election of Richard HL On the Duke's way back to Stoke he was attended by 1 30 horsemen, for whose provision he paid at Brentwood, Chelmsford, and Colchester. About this time he went into mourning (was it for the young princes .-*). About this time also he made a progress through Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex, was entertained by the Priors of Bury and Thetford, and afterwards visited Surrey and Sussex. The particulars of the household expenses end November, 1483. In 1 2th February, 1484, the Duke made an indenture with the King to supply him with 1,000 men, the body of men which were at Bosworth, consisting of servants and adherents of the Duke. He was made by the King Earl Marshal and Lord High Admiral of England and Acquitania. He had manors granted him in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Dorsetshire, Cornwall, Somersetshire, and Wiltshire. He filled these high places and enjoyed their numerous estates for a brief period, falling August 22nd, 1485, in the Battle of Bosworth Field with the King, of whom he was one of the few faithful adherents. The passage in the play of Richard III., where he shows the King the warning placed in his tent the night before the engagement, is well known : — * Jocky of Norfolk, be not so bold, For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold.' His body was brought to Framlingham and buried there. As the household book already referred to gives a detailed account of the pro- ceedings and expenditure of a large and noble family, and of the cost of labour and provisions of that period, more extracts from it may be acceptable : — " In the Christmas of 1482, Lord John gave an entertainment at Tendryng, which " seems to have consisted of dumb show and dancing called ' Disgysyngs.' STOKE BY NAYLAND. 43 " 1 0th Jenever, to a mynstrell Mastr. Woods, xx^. If" ye same daye to " Gerrard of Sudbury for all such stuffe as folewyth that he bought for the " Dysgysyng. " First, for iiij doss of goolde paper and sylver roaches clere and vert ... viijV. " It™ for viij quyres paper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ijs. " It" for ij for ij lb. of arsowde ... ... ... ... ... ...ijs. " It"" for iiij schetes of goolde paper and sylver x.vd. " It"" for j lb. of glew vjV. " If" for ij doss of goolde foyle ... ... ... ... ... ... xxij^. " It™ for viij quyres of paper ... ... ... ... ... ... xijW. " It™ for iij qrtrs of arsowde ... ... ... ... ... ... xviijV. " It™ for surruphuryfe ... ... ... ... ... ... ... jd. " It™ for iij calles m]d. ob. " It™ for j lb. of gunpowder ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xd. " It™ for halfe a doss of goolde paper ... ... ... ... ... xl]d. " It™ for packe threde jd. " Summa xxs.]d.ob. " It™ the same day my lord gaff to Thomas Stokes of Hadley, the *' mynstrell, for his reward this Christmas ... ... ... ... ... vis. vujd. " It™ the same day my lord gaff to Ths. Gardner, mynstrell of Hersted, " for his reward this Christmas ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vjs. viijd. a year, to a tenant whose name was Sandys. The second Duke of Norfolk was born in 1444, I quote from the household book : — "In his younger age, after he had been a sufficient time at the gramer school he " was henchman to Edward IV. " In 1466, 13 May, my master payd to Combton for a dagger for master Thomas ijj. " Item Friday before Whit Sunday to Harry Galle, taylour, for makynge short " gowns for Master Thomas of black damaske \\}s. \vd. For a gestraint of mayle and a " swerde for Mastr. Thomas xxj-." In the reign of Edward IV. he filled the office of Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and commanded the archers at the battle of Bosworth Field. After the death of his father at Bosworth, he was attainted of treason, but after an imprisonment of three years was released by order of Henry Vljth, and made one of the Privy Council as a person of great gravity, prudence, and constancy. He came to reside at Tendring soon after his release, as appears from the following extracts from second part of the household book. Sanders the Falconer {Memorandum). " Pay*^ Sanders Faconer the 10*^ Septr. anno vj*° Hen vijmi for " haky's (hawk's) mete, that is to say pigeons buttes and also for his " costes to Mr. Terels for the same ... ... ... ... ... vjj. xj(/. " Item delyvered to hym, the said tyme for a fortnyght's wages for " hymselfe and a kest (a cast or set) of hakys when he went to enter " (or try them) to the Rever — STOKE BY NAYLAND. 47 " Reconyd with Henry Fountaine v Jenever, anno vj*'' Henry vijmi " and that he reconyd for y^ makyng of xj gownes for the childery of y^ " chapell takyng for the gowne makyng ... ... ... ... ... mijd. " And for the makyng of viij payrs of hosyn, whereof the henseman* " had ij payr and Jack of the Chambr j payre, takyng for the payre "makyng iiijV. and for ij dowbettes for the hencheman xxd. ... ... xjs. viijV. " Sol per E. (z.e. paid by a person whose name begins with E.) " M* (memorandum), Reconyd with WilHam Palmer y*' v*'' day of Januare anno " v*° Henry vijmi. and that day he recony'd from the fest. of S* Michael anno v*° Hen. " vijmi unto the fest. of Chrystmas then next folynge y*' same for all y^ schoys as he hath " delyvered ; fyrst to y" chyldery of y'' chapell by y*' saide space xxvj payre of shewis " takynge for a payre iiij<^. " Item to Magnus child of the brewhouse iij payre shewis price xviijd. Item for " Lobb's payre shewis vj^. " M*^ a reconyng with Jackson y" tayllor ^^^ Januare anno vj*° Hen. vijmi. and that " he reconyd for y" makynge of vii tany gownes for y* childer}'' of the chapell ; takyng " for the pece makyng v}d. Item for vj gownys for y*" henseman Kijd. ; and for y" " makyng of gown for Jack of y" Chamber vjd. and for y* makyng of a doubetell and a " peyer of hosyn and lyned for xviij<3^. and for the makyng of ij cotes to Richard " Robyn and John Feney xi]d. Item for v yerdes of whyte lyning, to y" sayd doubetell " cotes iiijd. Item for a yerd of whyte fryse to make a q'tr (sic) to Alderson's gowne vjd. " Item for y^ dying of the lyning for y" henseman's gownys and Jack of y" " Chamber's viij^. " Item for ye makyng of a dowbelett to Magnus childe of y'' brewhouse and for his " hosyn makyng iiij^. " Item for y^ same Magnus a whyte cote, and a payre of sloppes makyng viiij^." It was not until after the battle of Flodden Field,! September 3rd, 1 5 1 3, at which he commanded the English army, and his eldest son led the van, that he was raised to the Dukedom. He had then thirty manors given to him. * Henseman or Henchman, from the Saxon 'hync,' a servant or — man. ' ' Those henchmen were to every knight assign'd, " All in rich livery clad and of a kind." "Why should Titania cross her Oberon? " I do but beg a little changeling boy " To be my henchman." t Among the Paston letters I find this memorandum relating to Flodden Field : — From a deed made by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England, 1582, it appears that the gold ring adorned with a Turkey stone, as also the sword and dagger taken from King James ye IVth at Flodden Field, were presented to the Herald's Office by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, on condition that the heirs and successors might at any time have them, being desirous of seeing them, on condition that they should be delivered up within a certain time. 48 • STOKE BY NAYLAND. This Duke was married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Frederick Tilney, of Ashwell, Norfolk, Knight ; his second, Agnes, daughter of Hugh Tilney, sister of Sir Phillip Tilney, Knight. By his second marriage he had eight sons and two daughters. Thomas,, who succeeded to the title ; 2, Lord John Edward, drowned at sea ; 3, Lord Edmund (father of Catherine Howard), who resided at Stoke after the death of his father in 1524. The remaining five sons, John, Henry, Charles, Henry, and Richard, died without issue. Of the daughters Lady Muriel was married to Viscount Lisle, and Lady Elizabeth to Thomas Viscount Rochford, the father of Anne Boleyn, so that Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn, two Queens of England, were first cousins, and probably resided, at least were visitors, at Tendring Hall. Closely connected then with the royal family was this 2nd Duke. Through the Mowbray branch he was descended from Edward I. He was grandfather to two Queens, and great grandfather to Queen Elizabeth. From the year 1490 to the time of his death, I cannot discover whether he paid more than occasional visits to Tendring, where his son and heir, the Earl of Surrey, resided from the year 15 13 to 1524. This appears from another household book formerly in the possession of G. R. Frere, Esq., Norfolk, containing an exact account of the expenses of the Earl pf Surrey's household, from his going to live at Tendring Hall in 15 13 to the time of his father's death in 1524. From this book, which Dr. Nott in his " Lives of the poets Surrey and Wyatt " examined and made extracts from in 1 8 1 5, we find that the Earl of Surrey was frequently absent from home on public business, and the Countess occasionally away during her attendance at Court, and that the children were always at home. During the whole of the above-mentioned period, there is an uninterrupted record of dinners provided for my Lord Henry (the poet) in the nursery. This book contains also an exact account of every breakfast, dinner, and supper throughout the year. The provisions of every course at every table, the name of every visitor at each table, the name of every stranger present, and the quantity of victuals provided each day, are entered. At the end of each week is an account of the price of every article of provision, including that of beer, with the total of the weekly expenditure, and of the remainder in hand. The Countess ate fish only on Wednesdays throughout the year. On Friday the whole family did the same. On Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays, in Rogation week, no breakfast or supper was provided, except for my Lord Henry in the nursery. On some other occasions also no supper was provided. When my lord and lady were both at home, their table or service was prepared in my lord's chamber, when my lady only was at home, in my lady's chamber ; and when both were absent, in the nursery for my Lord Henry. On the 5th day of September, when there was company, and my Lady Essex dined, and on the 3rd of January, when my Lord the Marquis of Dorset was present, the dinner was served up in the great chamber or dining room. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 49 The number of persons that usually dined at my lord and lady's table, exclusive of strangers, was from 15 to 20. The household service was in the hall, where the gentlemen, yeomen, and grooms were served. Their messes were made up from 3 to 8 persons. At Christmas from 12 to 15. The mess kept in the kitchen was called the cooks' mess. There were, besides, messes held in the brewhouse, bakehouse, and porter's lodge. The dinner hour was 10 a.m. ; the supper hour 5 P.M. The following names occur as visitors : — " The Duke of Norfolk and Agnes his wife, the Lady Elizabeth, afterward married " to Radcliffe, Earl of Sussex, Anne, Lady Oxford, his daughter, my young lady, probably " Lady Dorothy, afterwards Lady Stanley, Lord Thomas, the duke's second son by his " second wife, who died in 1539 in the Tower, Mr. Spurge, whom Dr. Nott conjectures " to have been Spring, a family of great wealth, who, conjointly with Lord Oxford, built " the church and tower of Lavenham, Lord Essex, Lord Bouchier, Lady Percy, and Lady '* Bryant or Brian (created such on her appointment as governess to the Princesses Mary " and Elizabeth), Sir Henry Gray, Lady Morley, Mrs. Parker, my Lord of Kent, Thomas " Fitzallen, Earl of Arundel, John Timperley of Hintlesham, and Anne his wife, sister " of the Duke (called Lady Timperley, after her father was raised to the Dukedom), " Lady Marney, Lady Vere, wife of Sir J. Vere, old Lady Oxford, Thomas Redmyng " or Redmyn, and his bride Margaret, daughter of the Duchess, the second wife of " the Duke, by her first husband, Sir John Norreys of Bray. Sir Thomas Tage and " his Lady, Lady Wyndham and her husband. Sir John Wyndham of Coulthorp, Mr. " Southwell, Lord William, the Duke's eldest son (by his second wife), afterwards Earl " of Effingham, Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, my Lord Marquis of Dorset, Lord Fitzwalter, " Lady Rice, Lady Catherine, half sister of the Earl of Surrey, married to Rue Griffith, " Mr. Serjeant Wentworth." These visitors had many servants called gentlemen in their suit. Mr. Spurge brought two with him, Mr. Butler five, Messrs. Steward, Wilson, Holdich, Chase, Southwell, two each. Lady Morley, six gentlemen and three servants, Mrs, or Lady Timperley four. The gentlewomen appear to have dined with their ladies at the ladies' table, the gentlemen in the hall. Priests were often entertained at the hall, and monks from the neighbouring monasteries. Sir Richard, the parish priest, is mentioned, and a monk and a hermit from Cocksall (Cogeshall). On one occasion gypsions or gipsies were entertained. At Christmas the household was very large, there being 12, 14, 16 messes in the hall, containing sometimes 60, some- times 70 persons and upwards. The Duke's servants, when he came from Keninghall or Framlingham to Tendring, seem to have lodged in the village, as venison pasties were sent to them there from the hall. Probably it was at this time the use was made of the vicarage house. 50 STOKE BY NAYLAND. The extracts which follow, containing the services of one day, will show the manner in which the family lived : — Breakfast. " To the Grace the Duke of Norfolk, a boiled capon and a piece of beef " To my Lord — Howard, a breast of mutton and a chicken. " To her Grace the Dutchess of Norfolk, a boiled capon and a piece of beef " To Lady Oxford, a boiled mutton and a piece of beef Dimier. " First Course. — 2 capons boiled, a breast of mutton, a piece of beef, 7 chevets, " a swan, a pig, a breast of veal, 2 capons roast, a custard. " $econd Course. — ^4 messes of morts, 6 chickens, 8 pigeons, 3 conies, 2 shoveless, " 4 sepys, I doz. quails, 2 pasties of venison, a tart, nuts and pears. " Strangers present. — Duke and Dutchess of Norfolk, Lady Oxford, Lady Elizabeth, " and Lady Wyndham. To the Board's End. " First Course. — A capon boiled, 2 ribs of beef, a swan, 4 chevets, a breast of veal, " a capon roast, a custard. " Second Course. — 4 messes, a boiled capon, beef, roast veal, a pie, a custard. — For "16 gentlemen. Supper. " First Course. — A neck of mutton boiled, 2 slices of beef, calves' feet and shoulder, " breast of mutton, and a capon. " In my lady's chamber one mess, 20 persons, with my lady and the strangers." On the death of the 2nd Duke, in 1524, Thomas Howard, now succeeding to the title, gave up Tendring Hall to his brother. Lord Edmund Howard, and went to reside at Framlingham. This 3rd Duke's first wife was Anne Plantagenet, third daughter of Edward IV., by whom he had no children who came to manhood. By his second wife Elizabeth Stafford, eldest daughter of the Duke of Buckingham, he had two sons, Henry Howard the Poet, and Lord Thomas Howard, and one daughter, married to Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, natural son of Henry the VIII. The general opinion is that Henry the Poet was educated at Windsor with his future brother-in-law the Duke of Richmond ; that he spent some of his youthful years with him is certain, but this must have been at a later period, when these two accomplished noblemen began to take part in the more active pursuits of life. The household book says that the early years of the Poet's life were spent at Tendring Hall, and at Hunsdon in Hertfordshire. We STOKE BY NAYLAND. 5 1 learn from that book that his father passed the spring and summer months at Tendring Hall, and removed 29th October to Hunsdon, which he made his winter residence. Thirteen carters were employed in conveying the furniture and hangings from Stoke to Hunsdon. Dr. Nott says that the Earl of Surrey probably acquired his taste for poetry among the oaks of Tendring. Lord Edmund Howard (his brother) married Joyce, daughter of Sir Richard Culpepper, of Holyburn, Kent, by whom he had Catherine Howard, the unhappy Queen of Henry VHI. ; the date of her birth must have been 1 521. Lord Edmund died March 19th, in the 30th year of the reign of Henry VHL Miss Strickland, in her "Lives of the Queens of England," says that after 1524 Lord Edmund permitted the Dowager Duchess Agnes to take charge of Catherine Howard at Framlingham, where she formed an intimacy with one Manox. The 3rd Duke, as Earl of Surrey, had filled high and important places in his father's life-time. After his death he was made Lord High Admiral and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. During the greater part of the reign of Henry VHI. fresh honours were heaped upon him. In the 33rd of his reign he was appointed Captain-General of the armies of England and France, and was enriched with a grant of at least 100 manors. His remarkable success and the honours and lands heaped upon him drew upon him the envy of many, and the jealousy of the King himself An obscure hint of treasonable designs said to be entertained by him and his son Henry, the Earl of Surrey, and subsequent charges brought against him and his son by his own wife from whom he was divorced, and by his daughter Mary, the Duchess of Richmond, led to their apprehension. They were tried and condemned to death. The sentence was carried out against the son. Thus fell in the prime of life this nobleman, so distinguished as a poet and a soldier, of whom Pope, in his " Windsor Forest " writes : — " Matchless his pen, victorious was his lance, ' ' Bold in the lists, and graceful in the dance. " His father escaped; Henry VIII. dying the same day on which his execution was to have taken place. He remained in prison during the reign of Edward VI. ; on the accession of Queen Mary, in 1553, he was released, his title and lands were restored to him, and in 1554 he commanded the Queen's troops, and put down the insurrection of Sir T. Wyatt ; he died the same year at an advanced age at Keninghall, having seen the reigns of eight English Sovereigns, Henry VI., Edward IV., Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary. The 4th Duke, eldest son of the Earl of Surrey, the Poet, at the age of 18 succeeded to the title and many possessions of his grandfather, and also filled high and important places in the State. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he also basked in the Royal favour. He was invested by the Queen with the Order of the Garter ; commanded the troops sent to expel the French from Scotland ; was appointed Lieutenant-General of the Forces in the North; and in 1568 was commissioned, with other noblemen of distinction, to examine the charges brought against Mary, Queen of Scotland, and the H 2 52 STOKE BY NAYLAND. claim of the Infant King James ; but the following year he was charged with seeking, without the cognizance of his Royal Mistress, the hand of Mary, and the Crown of Scotland. In vain he pleaded in his defence that he had no temptation to aspire to the Crown of Scotland, as his estates in England were worth the whole of that Kingdom. He was beheaded June 2, 1572, in the 36th year of his age. The title was then lost, and the estates forfeited to the Crown, and the heir, less than 10 years of age, was, with his brothers and sisters, reduced to a state of absolute want, instead of succeeding to an inheritance of the largest real and personal estate of any subject in the Kingdom. Not more rapid was the rise of this family than their fall. The first Duke was killed on Bosworth Field. The third was condemned to death. Two Queens, his grand- daughters, his eldest son, and his grandson, all fell on the scaffold. The estates were then forfeited, and the family reduced to the greatest distress. From the circumstances of a grant of the forfeited manor of Tendring being made by the Crown in 1563 to Sir Thomas Rivett, Knt, of Chippenham, Cambridgeshire, it would appear that Tendring was not included in the manors restored to the Howards by the Queens Mary and Elizabeth. Sir T. Rivett married Grisilda, youngest daughter of Lord William Paget, of Bendesert, Staffordshire, by whom he had one daughter, Anna. His widow Grisilda was married a second time to Sir William Waldegrave. Anna, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas Rivett, was married to Henry, Lord Windsor, who died in 1605. She survived him 10 years, dying in 161 5. Their son, Thomas, Lord Windsor, after the death of his mother, sold the estate to Thomas Williams, Esq., in whose family it remained up to the time of Sir John William, Knt., Lord Mayor of London. From him it came into the possession of Sir Wm. Rowley, K.B., the ancestor of the present family. The only part of the ancient hall now left is a stack of chimneys or turret standing in the garden which mark its site. The brasses are also left in the south chapel of the chancel connected with this manor, one of Sir William Tendring, of which a plate is given, copied from the one in the " Architectural Notes of the Churches in Suffolk," another of Catherine, first wife of the first Duke of Norfolk, taken from a rubbing (the copy in " Weaver " is not correct), and a third that of a lady, name unknown. In the south chapel of the chancel is also raised a large and elaborate monument to the memory of Lady Anne Windsor. It is enclosed with iron palisades, and consists of a table about four feet and a half high, in which lies, at length and of the natural size, the figure of a woman in a black dress with a lat^e hoop, and over it a mantle of scarlet lined with fur. On her head is a cap with lappets hanging down on each side of the face, and adorned in the front with roses. Round her neck is a ruff, and the head rests on two cushions. At her head are two female figures, probably intended for her daughters, kneeling, with large ruffs extending far behind, their petticoats distended with STOKE BY NAYLAND. 53 large hoops, their hair much frizzled, and a small cap or coif placed on the hind part of their heads. At the feet is her son kneeling on his left knee, and facing north (the daughters face east) in boots and puffed breeches. On his breast is a cuirass, and over it a mantle ; his left hand on the hilt of his sword. On his left side, not fixed on the table, stands his helmet, on which is a large and spreading plume of feathers. On the north face of the table are three compartments of black marble. The two end ones are smallest and blank. On the centre one is this inscription in gold letters and capitals : — " Hie tumulata jacet pia, provida, pulchra, pudica, " Religiosa Deo faemina, fida viro. " Indulgens proli, miserisque tenerrima mater " Ut quibus et moriens hospita tecta dedit. " Chara suis, dilecta bonis, et amica propinquis " Moribus, ingenio, dote, decore, potens. " Nobilitate nitens triplici, natique virique " Et quia Pagetti filia, mater erat " Cuique eques auratus pater ; heu ! non prorogat sevum " Huic genus aut virtus ; hie tumulata jacet." On the wall over the figures are two compartments with pilasters. On the eastern one is this inscription : — " Deo opt. max, et memoriae sacrum. " Gloriosam in Christo resurrectionem hie expectat Honoratissima D'na Anna *' Baronessa Windesor filia et una haeredum clariss ; viri Thomae Rivett Equitis Aurati . " de Cheepnum in com. Cantabrig et hujus manerii de Stoke Nailand D'ni ex secundis " nuptiis Grisildse filise Honoratiss : D'ni Gulielmi Pagett Baronis de Bendesert " praenobilis ordinis Garterari sodalis, quatuor principibus, Henrico Octavo, Edwardo *' Sexto, Mariae et Elizabethae, in sanctius consilium Mariae autem et in privati sigilli " munus asciti. Uxor nobilis Baronis Henrici D'ni Windsor, cujus et vidua ad extremum " usque spiritum intemerata remansit, et ex cujus connubio mater plurium liberorum, " sed reliquit tres tantum superstites, Thomam scilicet jam Baronem, utriusque Parentis " fortunarum et honorum filium et hseredem digniss ; et duas filias unius nominis " Elizabetham seniorem et Elizabetham juniorem." On the other tablet to the west is the inscription : — " Fuit haee Anna Hierona omnibus animae virtutibus corporisque dotibus " ornatissima, erga Deum religiosa, devota erga virum ; in amando constans, in sanguine " conjunctos, in pios praecipue, in pauperes liberalitate et charitate praecellens insigni, " adeo ut mulierculis paupertate fractis et senio confectis in refrigerium hoe hospitium in " hoc oppidulo struxit, Pensionem annuatim et perpetuo illis providendam per testa- " mentum pie et provide curavit. Denique cum ad fatalem suae senectutis horam " quinquegenaria aut eo circiter pervenisset, animam aeterno numini firma in Christo " fide placide et suaviter redd: Die Novembris 27, Ann. Salv. 161 5 Dominus Thomas 54 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Windsor maestissimus filius chariss. matri hoc qualecunque monumentum cum multis " lachrymis officiosse pietatis monumentum devotissime posuit et consecravit. " I. Arms of Windsor, Gules a saltire argent between twelve crosslets or impaling " Samborne, argent a chevron sable between three mullets gules. 2. Windsor impaling " Blount, sable barry nebuly or undy 4 or 6 or and Sable. 3. Windsor impaling Rivett, " argent three bars sable in chief as many trivets as the last. 4. Windsor impaling " Vere, Earl of Oxford, quarterly gules and or in the first quarter a mullet of the " second. 5. Rivett impaling Raven, or on an orb gules on a Raven proper. 6. Rivett " impaling Pagett sable on a cross engrailed between four eagles displayed argent, five " lions passant guardant of the field. 7. Pagett impaling Preston argent two bars gules " on a canton of the last a cinquefoil or." Above, a shield of 16 Coats. " I. Windsor. " 2. Molines, a. 2. a cross moline arg. " 3. Bentworth, gu. 5 lions rampant in " cross, or. " 4. Andrews, arg or a bend collered " sable 3 mullets of the field. " 5. Wayland, arg or a cross gu 5 " escalops or. " 6. Bumaville, gu a rose or. " 7. Shallon, arg or a cross sab 5 bizants, " 8. Blunt, Barry nebulee of 4 or Isa or " sa a bars nebulee or. " 9. Blunt, vain arg y gu or az arg. "10. Ayle or Ayala, arg 2 wolves passant " sa in a border or charged with 8 11. Sauchel, or a castle tripled towered "az. 12. Itchingham, az a fret az. 13. Samborne, arg a chevron between " 2 mullets gu. 14. Lascelles, arg a pale fusell y gu in a " border az bizantine. 15. Drew, a legat em a lion passant gu. 16. Crickelayd or Crekellaid, arg a fess " between 2 horses' heads, couped " sadd and bridled. Impaling Rivett " quarterly i and 4 Rivett as before, "2.3 Rivett per pall arg and sab or " a chevron between 2 lozenges as " many mantlets all countinched." " pair of lions gambs or saltire or. Supporters — " 2 Unicorns arg armed maned, tuffed and hoofed. A Crest— " 2 Bucks' heads affronter couped at neck arg altered or. " At the east of the large shield is another of Windsor impaling Rivett." On the south wall of the same chapel, west of Lady Windsor's monument, are two kneeling figures with this inscription : — " This is the monument of the Lady Grisilda Waldegrave, second wife of Sir " William Waldegrave the elder, the Knight of Smallbridge, of the county of Suffolk, " and the youngest daughter of the Lord William Pagett of Bendesert in the county •' of Stafford. -::&ca:W'::r*.^^ TOMB OF LADY ANNE WINDSOR. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 55 " This Lady was first married to Sir Thomas Rivett, Knight, who had by her one " only daughter, Anna, who was married to Henry Lord Windsor, of Bradnam, in the " county of Buckingham. " This Lady Wald^rave was liberally disposed in all charitable deeds all her life " long towards the poor, who departed this life the 21st day of July, in the year of our " Lord 1600." On a stone in the pavement near this monument is this inscription : — " Here lieth Edward Waldegrave, a fourth sonne of William Waldegrave, who " deceased the 28th June, 1581, aeta. 10." With a crest. On another near the same spot is inscribed : — " Here lieth John, second son of Henry Lord Windsor and Anne his wife, one of the " daughters and heyres of Sir Thomas Rivett, Knight, who deceased 13th April, 1588." The Monuments of the Williams family on the floor of the South Chapel of the chancel are as follows : — On Pur beck Marble. " 1666. — Here lyeth interred ye body of Mary, late wife of Reginald Williams, of " Stoake next Nayland, of Suffolk, Esq', who was daughter of Richard Peacocke, of ** Finchley, in the county of Middx, Esq"". She departed this life 28*^ day of October, " 1666, in the 32 year of her age. " Arms above. Williams without Col". Impaling, peacock 3 peacocks 2." On tJie North side on Black Marble. " 1694. 1699. — Here lyeth the body of Reginald, Sarah, Armen, Williams, who " were all the children of Thomas Williams, of this Parish, Esq', and Eliz., his wife. " The said Reginald dyed in Nov*, 1694, aged 14 weeks. " Sarah died in Jan., 1699, aged 15 months, and " Armen dyed in Dec, 1799, aged 9 weeks. " Here also lyeth the body of the son of the said Thomas Williams and Eliza, who " died a few minutes after he was born. " Nascentes morimur, finisque ab origine pendet." On Black Marble. " 1743. — Underneath this stone lieth interred the body of Mrs. Sarah Williams, " Spinster, one of the daughters of Reginald Williams, of Tendring Hall, in this Parish, " Esq', who departed this life the 8"* of June, 1743, aged 64 years ; also the body of " Mrs. Mary Williams, Spinster, another of the daughters of the said Reginald Williams, " Esq', who departed this life the 20*^ day of Oct., 1743, aged 62 years, " Arms above on a lozenge." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 55 " This Lady was first married to Sir Thomas Rivett, Knight, who had by her one " only daughter, Anna, who was married to Henry Lord Windsor, of Bradnam, in the " county of Buckingham. " This Lad}'^ Waldegrave was liberally disposed in all charitable deeds all her life " long towards the poor, who departed this life the 2ist day of July, in the year of our " Lord 1 600." On a stone in the pavement near this monument is this inscription : — " Here lieth Edward Waldegrave, a fourth sonne of William Waldegrave, who " deceased the 28th June, 1581, aeta. 10." With a crest. On another near the same spot is inscribed : — " Here lieth John, second son of Henry Lord Windsor and Anne his wife, one of the *' daughters and heyres of Sir Thomas Rivett, Knight, who deceased 13th April, 1588." The Monuments of the Williams family on the floor of the South Chapel of the chancel are as follows : — On Pufbeck Marble. " 1666. — Here lyeth interred ye body of Mary, late wife of Reginald Williams, of " Stoake next Nayland, of Suffolk, Esq', who was daughter of Richard Peacocke, of "■ Finchley, in the county of Middx, Esq"". She departed this life 28*^ day of October, *' 1666, in the 32 year of her age. " Arms above. Williams without Col°. Impaling, peacock 3 peacocks 2." On tJie North side on Black Marble. " 1694. 1699. — Here lyeth the body of Reginald, Sarah, Armen, Williams, who " were all the children of Thomas Williams, of this Parish, Esq"", and Eliz., his wife. " The said Reginald dyed in Nov"", 1694, aged 14 weeks. " Sarah died in Jan., 1699, aged 15 months, and " Armen dyed in Dec, 1799, aged 9 weeks. " Here also lyeth the body of the son of the said Thomas Williams and Eliza, who " died a few minutes after he was born. " Nascentes morimur, finisque ab origine pendet." On Black Marble. " 1743. — Underneath this stone lieth interred the body of Mrs. Sarah Williams, " Spinster, one of the daughters of Reginald Williams, of Tendring Hall, in this Parish, " Esq'', who departed this life the 8"' of June, 1743, aged 64 years ; also the body of " Mrs. Mary Williams, Spinster, another of the daughters of the said Reginald Williams, " Esq"", who departed this life the 20*'' day of Oct., 1743, aged 62 years. " Arms above on a lozenge." 56 . STOKE BY NAYLAND. On a Small Slab of Free Stone. " Here lyeth the body of Richard, son of Reginald Williams, Stoke next Nayland, " Suffolk." On Purbeck Marble. " 17 1 8. — Here lyeth the body of Thomas Williams, of Tendring Hall, Esq', eldest " son of Reginald Williams, Esq^ by Dame Sarah, his second wife, daughter of Sir " Thomas Dyke, of Horsham, in the county of Sussex, Bart., he died 30 March, 171 8, " aged 47 years 4 months and 7 days." On Black Marble. " 1749. — Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Arabella Dawson, who departed this life " 1749, aged 72 years." On the walls of this South Chapel of the chancel are also several mural tablets placed to the memory of various members of the Rowley family, of Tendring Hall : — " Sacred to the memory of Sir William Rowley, K.B., Admiral of the White, who " died the 9"" of January, 1768, aged 79 years ; also of Sir Joshua Rowley, Bart., Vice- " Admiral of the White, who died the 26th of January, 1790, aged 59 years. " This monument is erected by Sir William Rowley, Bart., son and grandson, to " commemorate his affectionate remembrance, while living, and to perpetuate their " memory when dead." " Near this spot lie the remains of Sir William Rowley, of Tendring Hall, Baronet, " who for nearly twenty years was one of the representatives of the county of Suffolk. •' He departed this life October the 20*^, 1832, aged 71 years. To his beloved memory, " and to that of their beloved daughter, Charlotte Philadelphia, who died March the " 8^, 1828, this marble is inscribed, as a token of sincere regard and affection, by his " widow, Susan Edith." " In affectionate remembrance of the children of Sir Charles Robert Rowley, Bart,, " and the Hon. Maria Louisa, his wife, who are buried in a vault in this church. " Frances Charlotte, died September 30, 1833, aged i year and 11 months. " William Archdeckne, died Jan'y 20, 1853, aged 17. " Elinor Caroline, died August 8, 1853, aged 2 years and 5 months. " Harland, died August 27, 1854, aged 13. " Lucy Mary, died January 20, 1857, aged 22. ** Harriet Georgiana, died April 25, 1857, aged 17." " Sacred to the memory of Rev*^ Joshua Rowley, thirty-five years Rector of East " Bergholt and Brantham, and nearly thirty years Vicar of this Parish, who died at GIFFORDS HALL STOKE BY NAYLAND. 57 " East Bergholt 28*** December, 1854, at the age of 84, and was buried in the chancel of " Brantham. ** In a vault in this church lie the remains of Henry Joshua Rowley, who died October 13, 182 1, aged 15 years. " This tablet to the memory of a beloved husband and son was placed by Mary " Rowley." " In this chancel are deposited, in the hope of the Resurrection to Eternal Life " through our Lord Jesus Christ, the mortal remains of Susan Edith, relict of Sir " William Rowley, Bar* of Tendring Hall, in this county, and daughter of Admiral " Sir Robert Harland, Bar*, of Sproughton. She died Jan'y 21, 1850, aged 86. " This monument is erected to the memory 'of a beloved mother by her affectionate " children." " In memory of her beloved husband, Vice-Admiral Sir Joshua Ricketts Rowley, " Bar*, who departed this life on the i8th of March, 1857, aged 67 years. " This tablet is placed by his most deservedly attached widow Charlotte Rowley. " ' Jesus said unto her, I am the Resurrection and the Life.' John xi, 25." " Sacred to the memory of Charlotte, relict of Vice- Admiral Sir Joshua Ricketts " Rowley, Baronet. She died November 11, 1863. Her remains are interred in the " family vault in this church. " ' Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.' " " Sacred to the memory of Bartholomew Samuel Rowley, Esq"", Admiral of the " Blue and Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's Fleet at Jamaica, who died on the " 7th of October, 181 1, aged 47. " This stone is raised as a monument of affection by his widow Arabella." " To the memory of Emma Jane, the beloved daughter of Sir Charles Rowley, B*, " and the Honble. Maria Louisa, his wife. Born Jan. 15, 1833. Died March 19, 1875." THE MANOR OF GIFFORD'S HALL. In 1216 this manor was held by Richard Constable. He built the chapel, now in ruins, close by his house ; it was dedicated to St. Nicholas, and was amply endowed by his son, William Constable. Gifford or Giffard's Hall seems to have come into the possession of Peter Giffard in the reign of Henry HI. It is doubtful whether he or Richard Constable, who built the Chapel of St. Nicholas, built the older part of the , present mansion, the hall with its fine oak roof and the butteries — these are of an earlier date than the entrance tower ; this, which is of brick, with the mouldings of the windows, the doors, and the arch-way, are of the Tudor age, and must have been built by the Mannocks. I 58 STOKE BY NAYLAND. There is a list of deeds in the archives of Gifford's Hall, from which, by the kindness and courtesy of the present owner, Walter Mannock Strickland Mannock, Esq., I am permitted to make some extracts. The notices in these MSS. extend from the beginning of the 13th to the middle of the 1 8th century. They contain no allusion to the civil war between the houses of York and Lancaster. The isolated position of the eastern counties, their remoteness, at least, from those parts of England in which the contest was going on, may account for this silence. In the reign of Henry HI. the Chapel of St. Nicholas, close to the Hall, now in ruins, was built by Richard Constable, and endowed by his son and others. " William Constable grants to this chappell of St. Nicolas, to the Rev^ Mr, Adams, " of Polstead, so long as he lives, and to his successors, various pieces of land and a mill. " William Constable gives to this chapell of St, Nicolas and to the Rev'^ Mr. Robert, " chaplain, of Withermarsh, certain lands with a mill. " Bartholomew Done de Withermarsh gives to God and the chapell of William " Constable the chaplain's house and land and garden. " Robert de Pand gives to God and the chapell of William Constable and the " chaplain a piece of land in Church Field holden of him by Hugo Blakenger. " Henry, the son of Bartholomew, gives to God and the chapell of William " Constable and the chaplain, an acre of ground in a field called 'Jack Dene' adjoining " the lands of William Constable. " Henry, son of Robert Gerard, gives to God and the Chapell of St. Nicolas, for " his soul and that of Avelina his wife, certain lands and marshes." The following names occur as witnesses in various deeds and leases in this reign : — " Hugo de Foisted, Adam, son of William Martin de Foisted, Walter Constable, " Gualfride de Neyland, Gualfride de Melford, J° de Feytune, George Burel, Jn° de " Tendring, Robert de le Fand, Hugo Blakenger, Robert Camerarius, Gerard Constable, " John Bartholomew, Gregory, son of Rudulph, Robert Bassit, Henry Tovemy, Feter " Giffard, Rich^ Norris, Lucas de Higham, Godfrid de Birfield. " Hen, HL, 1216-1272. — Richard Frior of B^ Lady of Thetford, orders masses of " prayers for William Constable, of Withermarsh, a benefactor to the convent of St. " Feter's, Horkesly, " Alice de Bosco gives to Simon de Wanton feliculas (,-') " Feter de Lungley de Stoke gives to Feter le Somenour for suit and service in " those lands called Stoke Ho, between the road of the Prior of Stoke and the road " which leads to Stoke Foot, John de Tendring, William de Tendring, witnesses. " Ed, L, 1 272-1 307, — Johannes de Selarabe de Stoke gives to Richard le Somner " on his marriage with Amabilia his daughter, " The name of Thomas Gifford first appears in this reign as giving to Rev, Mr. " Andrews, the chaplain of St, Nicolas, a piece of ground STOKE BY NAYLAND. 59 " William Barnadiston gives to Roger de Chamberlain and Christina his wife, three " acres of land in Stoke Nayland, called Chisle Meadow. " Henricus, son of John Pylot de Pryttlewell de com. Essex, gives to William de " Tendring and Beatrice his wife and Richard their son, the homage and service of " Alicia, formerly the wife of Robert, the son of George de Tendring, and their heirs, " with 4 marks of yearly rent which she owed to John Pylot his brother, for a house " in Stoke Nayland. " John de Reims and Petronilla his wife give to William Gringold and Rosa his " wife one curtilage. " Ed. II., 1307. — Thomas de Rookwood (name first appears here) gives to Walter " Stewe a piece of ground on which formerly stood a cottage in Stoke. Witness " William Mannock. This name also appears for the first time. " Witnesses to deeds of conveyance, Alexander Story, Thomas Gifford, John de " Scotlande, Roger de Chamberlain, George de Tendring, William, son of Thomas " Gifford. " 7th year. — John de Tendring, son and heir of William de Tendring de Stoke, " gives to Christiana, wife of Roger de Chamberlain, and Richard her son, a piece of " ground called Sleydon Field, situated in Stoke. Witnesses, Will. Gifford, Roger de " Wyvermarsh. " 14. — Roger, son of late Roger de Chamberlain, gives to John de Tendring one acre " in Stoke called Coggmeadow. " 15. — John de Tendring gives to Richard Camerarius de Stoke, a piece of arable " land on one side of a wood of William Gifford. " Ed. III., 1 327-1377. — The names of Thomas de Rookwood, W°» Chamberlain, " William de Tendering, are met with in the deeds of this date. " 8. — William de Scotlande, son of John de Scotlande, gives and releases to Mary, " wife of Robert de Rookwoode, all his right and title to the manor of Scotland Hall. " 9. — John Rydan de Stoke gives to John Attehatch, jun"", and Juliana his wife, " a messuage at Stoke adjoining to the land of William Mannock. Witness, William " Gifford, Esq'' and William de Tendring, Esq"^. " 34. — Richard Jurdon of Stoke, Chaplain. " 36. — John Hunt, perpetual Vicar of Stoke. " 38. — William Gifford, Knt Th^ de Rookwoode, W™ de Chamberlain. " 42. — William de Tendring, Knt. "Henry IV., 1 399-1410. — Henry Thompson, Vicar of Stoke, gives to W™ " Clopton, John Smith, Philip Mannock, of Stoke, all his lands and tenements called " Dame Auboys, with 7 acres called Lungley Meadows. Wit^, John Howard, Knt., " W°i Taylor, John Strimond, Hugo Dandewynne, J^ Hall. " 6. — Richard Withermarsh gives in. trust to Johanna Bohon, Countess of Hertford, " Essex and Northampton, Count of Kent, Gilbert de Debenham, John Rookwoode, I 2 6o STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Henry Thompson, William Wolverton, Richard Chamberlain, and Henry Stonehood, " his manor of Gifford with its appurtenances in Stoke Nayland, also the manor of " Minotes with all his lands in Stoke, Higham, Shelley, Raydon, Stratford, Holton, " Bergholt " I. — Among witnesses appear the names of W™ Tendring, Knt., and W™ Clopton, " W™ Tendring, died 1408 (was this W™ Clopton a son of Ths. de Clopton, whose " widow Sir W^ Tendring married, or a brother ?) " II. — Richard Withermarsh gives in trust to Gilbert Cobinham, Ralph Chamberlain, " William Stonehood, the manor of Holton, and to ]° Rookwoode and W™ Stonehood " and others, the manor of Giffords and the manor called Historys or Mistorys, with " all lands, and to be disposed of in the following manner according to his will and " testament. " Henry VI,, 1422-1461, i. — Lands called Kibbotamys and Smithes manor of " Stoke Hall. " 2. — Duas Gurgites. (?) " 3. — Half a fountain at Stoke. " W™ Rookwood and others give to R^ Withermarsh, son of R^ Withermarsh, "the manor called Giffords and 'Minotes. W^, J** Howard, Knt., R"* Chamberlain, " P. Mannock. " 5. — Phil. Mannock and W"^ Clopton release to S. Skynner, Chaplain de Stoke. " Ws, Y Howard, Ric. Waldegrave, Andrew Buller, Knt. " 6. — Roger Chamberlain, son of R'l Chamberlain, remits to Ric^ Withermarsh " lands in Stoke. " R. Chamberlain and Robt. Crane give to P. Mannock and J° Joseph the manor " of Chamberlayne in exchange for manors of Cherington, with Thorpe Morieux, " Cockfield, and Preston. " 1 1^. — Sir John Fastolf, mentioned. " Rd Withermarsh de Colchester. " Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV,, slain at Wakefield in 1460, " acknowledges to have received homage of John Mannock for the manor of " Chamberlain. li J jth — Jo Rheims de Higham gives to R"* Waldegrave, sen'^, and Knt., J" Fastolf de " Oulton, Knt, Robert Crane and others, Thomas Gifford, John Cole, &c., all lands " inherited from his father, Nicolas de Rheims, in Higham and Holton and Reydon. " W*, y Talmache, Ph? Mannock, Th« Swayne. " 1 1. — Y Mannock, son of Ph^ Mannock and Alionora. " John Fastolf again, " Robert Chamberlain, Knt., obligation to Ph. Mannock in 100 marks of silver " to be paid him, and this obligation is to settle Chamberlayne's manor on the said " P. Mannock and his heirs. STOKE BY NAYLAND. ' 6l " 13. — Ph. Mannock makes his will, lets Chamberlayne for 8 marks per annum. " 17.— W" Clopton, of Melford, Esqr., Th« Mylde, Esqr., J. Mannock, Esqr., " R. Chamberlayne, Esqr., R^ Withermarsh and J" Joseph of Nayland, give and grant " unto Margarite the wife of the" late Th^ Mannock, for her mansion house in the manor " of Gifford, all those houses that are within the gates of the manor, according unto " her husband's will. " 29. — W™ Mannock, brother to Ph? Mannock, makes his last will* " 34- — J" Mannock, Esqr., lets to Hugh Smith the manor of Chamberlayne for " 6 years at the rate of 8 marks per annum. " 35. — Manor in Wykes, called Carbonell. " 36. — ]° Mannock, Esqr., lets to ]» Pratt of Polsted his lands called Lungleys, in " Polsted, for 7 years at 1 3^-. 4^. a year. " Ed. IV., 1461-1483, 6. — William Chamberlain alias William Hatch de Stoke. " 14. — J° Granivers (Joannes Craneys) Vicar of Stoke, Th^ Granivers of Bury St. " Edmunds. " 16. — Rob' Roding, witness to a Stoke deed. " Ph. Mannock died. " Elizabeth, 15 58-1603, 2. — Th» Wiseman, of Roughley, Sussex, conveys to Robert " Bell, of the Middle Temple, all the parsonage, rectory, church, and manor of Stoke " Nayland, for the sum of one thousand pounds. This is followed by another deed " which is the release to the said Robert Bell from the above." Now begin the losses and persecutions which this family had to suffer as recusants, as refusing to conform to the Church of England as by law established. The apology for the Penal laws may be that they were defensive. The plots formed against Elizabeth, the Spanish invasion, the massacre of St. Bartholomew, all concurred to make the Parliament treat with rigour those, who from their religious convictions and impressions might consider the Pope's authority paramount, and therefore might be suspected, however unreasonably and unjustly, of sympathy and correspondence with the enemies of England. " In 1596, Queen Elizabeth lets to Rich* Croft, gentleman, two-thirds of the " estates in the possession of William Mannock, for recusancy for not going to church. " In 1602, King James P*, in the first year of his reign, grants a general pardon " of all crimes, and forfeits to the aforesaid W. Mannock, and in the 7th year of his " reign lets to Will"' Tyffin, Esqr., of Colne, 2 parts of the Mannock estates forfeited for " recusancy. " In the 10*'' year of James I'* the King grants to W™ Alston a lease of two-thirds " of the estate of Francis Mannock, seized for recusancy. * From this will it appears that he held lands and tenements in Stoke, with a piece of land situate at Snowdons, called Rownscroft. His executors were Alicia his wife, and John Wigan or Weggen. Among other legacies he bequeaths to his son Walter, unam togam blodiam. 62 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " The same Will. Alston leaves the same to Th* Benner, who leaves the same to '* Edward Norton. " 1625. — Charles I®* grants to Francis Mannock a general pardon for all mis- " demeanours, forfeitures, &c. " 1627. — Francis Mannock is created a Baronet of Great Britain by Letters Patent " of the King, and the same year an inquisition is ordered to be taken of his estate for " recusancy. " 1634. — Sir Francis dies, and is succeeded by Sir Francis Mannock, son and heir, " 2"'^ Bar*. Upon his intended marriage with Mary, the daughter of Sir G. Heneage, " Bar^ settles his estates. His estates being under sequestration. Sir G. Heneage enters " upon part of it, to raise money for the younger children's portion. " 1650. — A decree of the Committee of the House of Parliament is made for levying " the sequestration, and ordering the judgments of the visitation of Sir G. Heneage for " provision for the children, with orders to bring them up in the Protestant religion. " 1658. — Richard the Protector grants a release of the estate, sequestered for recusancy " to R^ Waterman, of Stoke, on the payment to the Exchequer of 150 pounds yearly. " Sir G. Heneage, by the payment of ;^i,ooo, releases the estate. He dies 1659. In " 167 1, Sir F. Mannock makes a settlement for the marriage of his son William with " Ursula Neville. " Sir Francis Mannock, i^ Bar*, died 1634. " Sir Francis Mannock, 2°* Bar*, died 1686. " Sir WiUiam Mannock, 3"^ Bar*, died 17 13. " Sir Francis Mannock, 4*^ Bar*, died 1758. " Sir William Mannock, 5*^ Bar*, died 1764. " Sir William Mannock, 6^ Bar*, died 1776. " Sir Francis Mannock, f^ Bar*, died 1778. " Sir Thomas Mannock, 8*^ Bar*, died 1781. " Sir George Mannock, 9*^ Bar*, died 1787. " Sir George Mannock was killed by the overturning of the mail coach on his way " to Rome to resign his priestly orders. After his death Gifford's Hall was occupied by " the widows of Sir Francis and Sir Thomas Mannock, and it was not until the year " 1 8 14 that William Valentine Cummyns, to whom the estate was bequeathed by Lady '* Elizabeth, the widow of Sir Francis Mannock, came into residence. He took the " name of Mannock, and died in 1819; and was succeeded by Patrick Power, Esqr., who " also inherited by the will of the said Lady Elizabeth, and took the name of Mannock. " He died 1874, and was succeeded by his son, Walter Mannock Strickland Mannock, " the present proprietor." The following are the Monuments of the Mannock family now existing in Stoke Church : — The monument which blocks up one of the windows of the North Chapel has a STOKE BY NAYLAND. 63 recumbent figure of Sir Francis Mannock, finely executed in alabaster, with this in- scription on the wall above : — " In pious and deserved memory of Francis Mannock, Baronet, whose ancestors " long since derived from Denmark, and in England called Lords of Mannock's Manor, " now called Great Gravensden, in the countie of Huntingdon, the still continued " inheritance of their families, have also for many ages been Lords and inhabitants of " this manor of Gifford's Hall, in this Parish. Whose religious conversation made him " reverenced of all, whose candour of mind, sweetness of manner, and generous hospitality, " made his life loved and honoured by the rich, whose bountiful charitie made his death " lamented by the poor. " ' Sunt optanda magis purse bona nomina vitae " * Nobilis unguenti quam pretiosus odor.' Eccb^ vii, i." Another brass has this inscription : — " Hie jacet Franciscus Manok Armiger, duas qui habuit uxores, ex priore quidem " unu filiu et quinque suscepit filias, ex altera vero unu filiu et tres filias. Obiit tertio " die mensis Novembris A° Dni, 1590, a° setatis 68. Labitur occulte aetas. " Quid dant divitiae Crassi Craesive talenta ? '* Quid juvat immensus tantus et orbis honor ? " Omnia vilescunt, quae mors rapit ore voraci, " Virtutis solidae vita perennis erit." Another inscription on a stone without any brass : — " Hie jacet antiqua ducens ab origine gentem " Mannockus priscis adnumerandus avis ; " Qui Gulielmus erat Francisci maximus aevo " Filius, ac haeres jure tenebat opes " Unica multiplici faciebat prole beatum " Uxor, et ilia uno consociata viro. " De liberis propero cessit pars maxima letho, " Filia jam superest fratribus una tribus. " En ! ut quisque pias tollens ad sidera palmas " Unanimo tantos fundat ab ore sonos " ' Sit requies animae,' veniens hoc turba precetur, " Quid vetat extinctis mitia vota dare.-* " Obiit 24 Martii Ann^ 16 16, aetatis suae 60." And this on the wall below the figure : — " He died November 20, 1634, aged 49, was sonne of William Mannock, of Gyftbrds " Hall above mentioned, and of Undine, daughter of Ferdinand Pary, of Linton, in the " county of Cambridge, Esq'', and by his only wife Dorothy, daughter of William '' Sanders, of Wilford, in the county of Northampton, Esq'', left to propagate his name 64 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " and virtues, according to the wish and hope of his loving and beloved friends and " country to long prosperity, " Their son, Sir Francis Mannock, Baronet, married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir " George Heneage, of Hinton, in the county of Lincoln, and has by her happy issue, " William, and one daughter, Anna." Above this monument are these arms : — " Mannock on a cross patonce arg. with the arms of Ulster impaling Saunders per " Cheveron sa. et arg. 3 elephants erased, countercharged a crescent gu. for diff^." On the west side of this tablet are 3 shields of arms, beginning at the top : — " I. Mannock without the arms of Ulster impaling Brackley cheque erm. gu. " 2. Mannock as the last impaling Waldegrave per pale arg. and gu. " 3. Mannock as the last impaling Fetch, vent, a chevron between 3 leopard faces " or on the claws a ^- -- gu." At the bottom of this tablet : — " Mannock with the arms of Ulster impaling Heneage or arg, a greyhound current " sa. between 3 leopards' faces az. all in a border engrailed gu." On the east side of the tablet are also 3 shields beginning from the top : — " I. Mannock impaling Seckford erm. or a fesse gu. 3 escallops or. " 2. Mannock impaling Allington sa. a bend ingrailed between 5 billets or 2 in chief " and 3 in base. " 3. Mannock impaling Pary arg. 3 unicorns' heads couped or. " The whole under a circular canopy, over which is Mannock with the arms of " Ulster quartering Brackley as before. " Crest, a tiger's head erased quarterly arg. and sa. " The pediment is supported by 2 pillars of black marble on the top of which '* stand two female figures. " The whole is enclosed in iron palisades, at the corners and middle of which are " crosses (Patonic .'') rising considerably above the rest of the palisades." In the same chapel, on a marble slab, with a figure in brass of a female, is inscribed : — " D. O. M. " Atrato hoc marmore velatur et saepe ad invidiam dolentium defletur humanitas '* perillustris faeminae et elegantis, Dorothy Sanders; conjux fuit nobilissimi viri Francisci •' Mannock, Baronetti, quem prole beavit mascula, et ne sexus videretur oblita sui, " filiam reliquit in cunis Annam. Lugent nee immerito talem maritus conjugem, filii •' talem matrem, lugebit et olim fil,ia orbitatis conscia, nee est qui non lugebit, novit qui " datum tamque cite repetitum hoc donum Dei. " Debitum na-ae (naturae) solvens exivit " Septimo eid. Julii incarnati verbi " MDCXXXII " Suae aetatis 42. Conjugii 24." LADY ALICIA HOWARD. PARISH REGISTERS AND OVERSEERS' BOOKS. Although Thomas Lord Cromwell, in the year 1538, ordered Parochial Registers to be kept, the order seems very rarely to have been enforced. The registers of baptisms, marriages, and deaths, in the parish of Stoke begin only in the first year of Queen Elizabeth, 1558. From that time they are continued, with an interruption only of the entries of baptisms, in the days of the Commonwealth, up to the time when the new registers were ordered, and are contained in seven volumes. The first, which dates from 1558 to 1644, is a transcript from the original, which no longer exists. " Quae hoc libro continentur usque annii 1600 ex chartaceo prototypo fideliter " transcripsit atque hinc regessit Gulielmus Tailerus, ab aliquot quibus scatuere perspicuis " mendis purgata." (Preface.) In this velume are a few entries worthy of notice. BURIALS. " 1600. — 14 Male, was buried John Gardiner Turner, aged 116." Over this entry, in which are traces of an erasure, is written the hexameter . — " Ut perhibent qui de magnis majora loquuntur." And this note — " Rasura haec detegit mendam et '^evhor^pa^Lav. Vide baptizatos." At the commencement of the entries of the " Baptizati," Anno Domini 1600, is written — " Et hie in aliquot et quibusdam hoc mense sepultis inserendis erratum erat " de loco, prout ex palimpsesto utrinque constat." From 1582 to 1601, the ages of the buried are given, except of young children, and from these entries I infer that the average duration of life during these 19 years was about 43 years. " 1603. — The sickness began about this time." " 1604. — Nov. The Plague began." " 1605. — Julie hear the mortallitie of the plague. " Blessed be God." " 1569. — Robert Goldinge, servant to the Duke of Norfolk." " 1589. — April 19 ; John, Son of Right Hon^^^ Henrie Lord Windsor." " 1603. — Dec. 2 ; Thomas Poulterer, servant to the Right Honble. Lord Windsor, " who by chance fell into the towne well and so was slain." K 66 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " 1579- — April 9th ; christened Thomas, son of Ralph Agas." " 1588.— March 31st ; christened Benjamin, son of Ralph Agas." I can discover no register of the baptism of Robert Agas, probably another son of Ralph, but there are two entries of the baptisms of two of his sons. . " 1597- — Dec. 31st ; christened William, son of Robert Agas." " 1599- — Sept. 23rd ; christened Robert, son of Robert Agas." The date of the birth of Ralph Agas cannot now be ascertained, as it must have taken place before the year 1558. Ralph Agas, appears by letters addressed by him to William Lord Burghleigh, Lord High Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth, to have been a surveyor of much experience and reputation. He made one of the earliest maps of the city of London, of which a reprint has lately been published by the librarian to the Corporation of London. — Vide Civitas Londini. — Ralph Agas. " A survey of the cities of London and Westminster, &c., in " the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by William Henry Overall, F.S.A., Librarian to the " Corporation of London ; with a fac-simile of the original map. "London: — (Adam and Francis, 1874.)" In this work of much labour and research, Mr, Overall gives some curious particulars of the history of Agas. Among the Star Chamber Papers is a Bill and Answer in a suit of Ives v. Agas. The complainant was one William Ive, of Stoke by Nayland, and the defendants were Ralph Agas, and his two sons Robert and Thomas. " Robert Agas had married the widow of John Payne, of Stoke by Nayland, " * a good man and true, and blessed with the possession of various manors, lands, and " ' tenements." Payne also left a daughter, Agnes, afterwards the wife of William Ive, " the plaintiff in the suit, and a son John, a minor, who resided with his sister and her " husband Ive. Family disputes arose relating to the father's property. The boy was " made a ward of Chancery, the proceeds of a portion of the land was ordered to be " paid into Court, the execution of the order being confided to the Agases. Many " disputes ensued, and in a family melee Ive was wounded in the back by a pitchfork, " and the matter was made the subject of a Bill in the Star Chamber, wherein Agas and " his sons were described as the most pestilent fellows in the neighbourhood, and Ralph " himself as one that in former tymes hath used the office of a mynister and was some- " times parson of Dereham, in the county of Norfolk, being deprived of his " benefice for his lewd life and bad conditions, and being deformed in shape and body, " as in condition." The defendant, in his answer, asserted that many of the allegations in the Bill were absurd, ridiculous, and untrue, "that the said Ralph Agas was never a parson of " Dereham in Norfolk, neither had anything to do with the church, parsonage, or " minister there, neither was ever deprived from any church benefice whatsoever, as is . STOKE BY NAYLAND. 6/ " falsely and maliciously in the said Bill suggested and intended ; and touching the " infirmity and weakness of the same Radulph Agas, he saith that as he received the " same by the providence of God in his mother's wombe, so hath he always with humble " thanks to his Creator willingly borne and suffered that his infirmity, and that God " hath recompensed the same with many and sundry good gifts, which he hath by the " goodness of the Almighty hitherto used, and shall hereafter use, to the benefit of " many and the harming of none, wherein he referreth himself unto the judges of this " Honorable Court, the Lords of her Highness most honourable Counsail, by whom he " hath been sundry times employed in her Majesty's causes." Agas died in November, 1621. His death is thus recorded in the diary of Adam Winthrop, of Groton, the father of Governor Winthrop, of Massachusetts : — " 1621, Nov. 26. Ralfe Agas 'the creple ' died." In Stoke Register the burial is thus entered : — " Ann. Dni. 162 1, Nov"" 27, was buried Ralfe Agas, an aged." MARRIAGES. " 1 591. — Auguste the 22 day were married John Mills and Judith Luffky." In the margin is written " Decipimur specie recti." " 1645. — The 11*^ February was married William Gurnall, of Lavenham, singell " man, minister, and Sarah Mott, of this parish, singell woman, daughter of Mr. Thomas " Mott, minister," — {See Note, page 33.) Calamy, in his Memorial, Vol. L, p. 437, says of him : " Mr. Thomas Mott, ejected after the Restoration, a very valuable man."* The 2nd volume has this preface : — " 1653. — A register book made this 24th of November for the Parish of Stoke next " Nayland for the Registers of all Marriages, Births, and Burials from the 29th of " September for the yeare above written, and to be kept by the Registrar chosen by the " Parish to the same purpose, who hath been sworne by two Justices of the Peace for " the Countie, namely, Mr. John Gurdon, of Assington, and Mr. Joseph Brand, of " Edwardstone, accordinge to the late Act in Parliament. " The Registrar chosen for this Parish is Jacob Garrett." BIRTHS. " 1653. — Oct. 5 day, was borne a daughter of Mr. William Umfreville." BURIALS. " 1630. — Jan, 29, Joan, wife of Thomas Umfreville. " 164.1. — „ Mrs. Jane Umfreville, wife of Mr. Thomas Umfreville, * See Appendix. K 2 68 • STOKE BY NAYLAND. " 1644. — Elizabeth, wife of William Umfreville, Gent. " 1645. — Jane, daughter of Thomas Umfreville, Gent. " 1697. — April 5, Sir Charles Umfreville, Knt. " 1709. — Elizabeth, widow of Sir Charles Umfreville. " From the year 1686 to 1689 Sir Charles Umfreville was Churchwarden. " 1699. — Feb. 24, Anne Welsh, a widdow, buried at the Quakers' burial gtound, " Leavenheath.* / // " From 1695 to 1702 (7 years) there were 47 marriages ' both of Nayland.' f' " 1722. — William Tatham and Elizabeth Gray, by license, of Nayland. h " 1722. — 25 July, baptized Peter, a black belonging to Sir John Williams. " 1722. — August I, buried Peter, a blackamore belonging to Sir John Williams." In all the topographical notices of Stoke by Nayland, Sir William Capel, draper, and Lord Mayor of London, is spoken of as a native of this place. He was the ancestor of the Earls of Essex. He is said to have advanced large sums of money to Henry VH., and, after a splendid entertainment, to have thrown into the fire a number of bonds given him by the King for money borrowed of him, and still further to have displayed his loyalty by dissolving a pearl of some hundred pounds value, and drinking it to the King's health. I can trace this story to no other authority than that of Fuller : — " Sir W. Capel is reported by tradition (since by continuance consolidated into " historical truth) that after a large entertainment made for King Henry the Seventh " he concluded all with a fire wherein he burnt many bonds in which the King, a " borrower in the beginning of his reign, stood obliged to him (a sweet perfume no " doubt to so thrifty a Prince), not to speak of his expensive frolick, when at another " dinner he drank a dissolved pearl, which cost many hundred pounds, in a health to " the King." — Fuller's Worthies, p. 73. Fuller speaks of this as a traditionary story, and it must, I fear, be added to other myths, those of William Tell, of Whittington, &c., the real character of which is given in " Baring Gould's Myths of the Middle Ages." A like story of the burning of royal bonds is told of H. J. P'ugger, who entertained Charles V. at a room in the " Three " Moors," at Augsburg, and lit the celebrated fire of cinnamon wood in which the bonds were burnt. I can discover no trace of this story of Capel's munificence in the records of the City of London. Mr. Overall has furnished me with the following extracts from them : — " William Capel, elected Alderman of Walbrook Ward 19th October, 1485, ist " year of Henry VH. " Sir W. Capell was elected Sheriff on the Feast of St. Mathew the Apostle, " September 21, 1493. * From this entry it would seem that there must formerly have been a Quakers' Meeting belonging to Stok^ When I first came to the Parish, an old man told me that in working a triangular field on Leavenheath, called the Quakers' Burial Ground, he had often ploughed up cofBn boards. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 69 " Sir W. Capeli, Kn*, elected Lord Mayor on the Feast of the Translation of King " Edward the Confessor, Octr. 13, 1503, the ig"^ of Henry VII. " Sir W. Capeli deceased 8^^ October, 1514, 6^^ year of Henry VIII." In the State papers, Hen. VIII., 1509 — 15 14, there are several entries relating to him. 20^ April, 1 509, he is especially mentioned as exempted from the pardon granted By Henry. . " 21 January, 15 10, general pardon granted to Sir W. Capeli, Kn*. " Notwithstanding his loyalty, so well attested, the King let loose his bloodhounds, " Empson and Dudley, upon him, when, though they spared his life, they sucked out of " him many ;^i,ooo, to fill the King's Treasury, if not their own purses. But industry in " trade retrieved much of this wealth, so that he died in years and honour, leaving great " estates to his posterity, who, settled in Hedham, Hertfordshire, have ever since enjoyed " them. His daughter Elizabeth was married to W. Powlet, Marquis of Winchester. " He first. made cages to be set up in every ward for rogues and vagabonds." — Howe's Survey of London. He lies buried in the chapel he himself built in the south side of St. Bartholomew Church, behind the Royal Exchange, one of the City churches, lately pulled down. Extracts from Overseers^ Book. The household books of the Earl of Surrey have given us some insight into the state of society in the 1 5th century. The following extracts from two of the Overseer and Churchwarden's books, dating from 1670 to 1725, informs us how parish matters were conducted in those days, how the poor were maintained, and evil-doers were punished. " 1670. — Churchwardens, overseers, questmen, surveyors of the highway, and " searchers of cloth were appointed.* " 1670. April. — The overseers received ;^ 1 20 i6s. \\d. for the relief of the poor, *' and disbursed ^117 \Q>s. ^d. " 1670. — The constable's account was: — Received;^ 24 \\s.(^d. ; disbursed ;^23 gs.^d. " 1671. March i. — Whereas John Preston hath lent unto Hannah Francis a loom " for her use, which said loom being freely lent, and for her particular advantage, we, *' the inhabitants of Stoke Nay land, do declare that we will not hereafter distrain or " seize the said loom in the Guild Hall, unlesse for the use of the said John Preston, " under any pretence whatever."^ £ " 1673. — The Town Lands let for ... ... ... ... ... 6 „ Guild Hall i " „ Camping Close ... ... ... ... ... i " 1673. Jan. 3. — Ordered by the parish that the churchwardens of Stoke Nayland * See Appendix. s. d 6 8 70 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " do commence and prosecute a suite in the Arches against Reginald Williams, Esq., " William Meddowes, Gent, John Gardiner and John Parson, or any others that doe or " shall occupy any lands belonging to Stoke Parke, or any of the quit rents belonging " to the said parish, if uppon demand made by the churchwardens above written for " any sum or sums of money rated by the churchwardens and the inhabitants of the " towne in the churchwardens' rate, they shall refuse to pay the rate for within, whereof " we have set to our hands." Here follow signatures. " 1676. — Received of John Webb and Nicholas Rand, churchwardens of Stoak " next Nayland, £s ^^- ^^^' fo^ ^^e releife of the poor of Northampton. " 1676. March 7. — Ordered at a parish meeting by the officers and chief inhabi- " tants of the parish then present, that no parishioner of the parish of Stoak not attending " every Lord's Day upon divine service from the beginning of it to the end of the whole " service, and not sitting in the place appointed for them, nor behave themselves " reverently, shall retain their pension, except that they shew reason for their default " 1677. Sept, Mem. — It is agreed that Edward Mumford and John Stibbing shall '* be allowed out of the present constable's rate, over and above his Majestie's pay, for " their four days' work and carriage of timber, so much money as shall be reasonable " over and above the pay aforesaid. " Ordered that Mr. Fotheringill should have his bill for salves, for Ffrancis Lea, " and other drugs. . " 1677. — It is agreed and ordered that the churchwardens from henceforward shall *• let out all churchwork of the value of thirty shillings and upwards, to such workmen " as will doe it cheapest, and no work as aforesaid to be let on. until shewed to three " workmen at the least " 1677. — A rate made the ist day of June 1677 by the assessors of the parrish of " Stoak next Nayland, to colect the first day of the month the taxe granted by Act of " Parliament for the building of thirty ships of war. The land taxed at twopence " farthing a pound. " 1678. April. — Ordered that such as carry timber to Manniutree for the use of " his Majestie's navy the last year, shall be allowed eight shillings a day, over and above '' his Majestie's pay, to be allowed them out of the constable's rate. " 1678. — Ordered that William Goodwin, his rates be dOubbled uppon him in regard " of his taking from time to time strangers in the parish, likely to be chargeable. '* 1678. — It is ordered that in case the churchwardens or one of them be present at " every communion, then to allow them for what wine should be there spent, but in " case of their wilful absence not to allow for any communion but two bottles (quarts) " of wine, no more. " 1678. — Michael Beaumont, his rate on account of the charges that I have been at " since I was constable in the y 1678. STOKE BY NAYLAND. 71 " Jan. 3. — For whipping Mary Notley and carrying her and sister out of towne, " 3 shillings. " Item, paid for whipping goodwife Agas, 6d. " Item, for carrying a hewencrie (hue-and-cry) to Nayland, 3 pence. " Item, for carrying a hewencrie to Higham, 4 pence." There are many other entries of hewencrie, charges for " quaterings " of soldiers, and other indications of an unsettled state of the country. The largest item in the constable's expenditure was for the lodging of travellers and carrying them to different neighbouring parishes. Many pages of the book are occupied with these details. " 1679. — We whose names are hereunto subscribed do for our part and proportions " and respectively agree that the sum of five pounds and eleven shillings be paid unto " John Cooper, of this parrish, carpenter, out of the rate of the Constables for the time " being, in full payment of the watchouse by him lately erected. " 1680. — Michael Gibbs is ordered to search and take a coppy of the will of the " said Lady Ann Windsor, and to prosecute any person or persons to enforce them to " pay the yearly maintenance, as it was given to the said almshouses." This copy is still in existence in the Church chest. A transcript of it will be found in the Appendix. In the Parish Book there are other notices of this prosecution, and we may suppose that it ended in the claim of the parish upon the land at Higham being established, as the rent has been paid punctually within living memory. Michael Gibbs was evidently a lawyer, and according to the list of rate-payers lived at Thorington Street. In his time there seem to have been many law-suits in the parish. " 1680. Oct. 6. — Ordered at a towne meeting that the overseers shall pay unto " Thomas Richardson, of Dedham, chyrugeon, the sum of thirty-five shillings, and also " that they pay six shillings for a diate drink for Francis Taborne. " 1680. — Names of those that gave to the ransoming of slaves from Anglers, and " their several sums of money. " 168 1. July 7. — Ordered at the towne meeting that the Churchwardens shall have " a rate made to gather fourpence in the pound for the repair of the Church, and a " decent cloth for the Communion Table. " 1683. — From Churchwardens' account : — s. d. - " For two days' rambolation " For two men to watch all night with a man ,.. ... ... ... i " For whipping him ... " For releife in the morning... " Hewencrie to Polstead " Charges with a man in the stocks " For carrying a person to Bury Goal 6 5 2 I I 10 72 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " In the list of rate-payers ' hopp grounds ' are mentioned. " 1684. — Ordered at a parish meeting that the ringers be paid lod. a day for every " day they ring for those days hereafter mentioned, namely, His Majesty's Coronation " Day, 2(f^ May, S*** Nov., and whatever other day they appoint for thanksgiving the " said year. " 1686. — For warding a May Day. " Dec. 25. — We, whose names are subscribed, being y^ major part of y^ parishioners* " present at a meeting duly called and held, do chuse Charles Umfreville, Esq., Joseph " Clarke, and John Goodall, surveyors of the high waies in this parish of Stoke next " Nayland, for the year next ensuing. (Signed) " Jos. Hall, " Thos. May, etc." Then follows in Sir Reginald Williams' large handwriting the following : — " 1686. Dec. 25. — I protest against this choice of surveyors for the highways, " because no notice was given till about the space of three hours before the choice was " made, being given on Christmas Day in the church when few people were then " present, about the hour of twelve of the clock at three of the clock the same " day, in the afternoon. " Reg. Williams. " Moreover, the parishioners then present were so menaced by Mr. Hall, that they " durst not chose freely, but diverse of them went out of the Church. " Reg. Williams." In a minute handwriting at the bottom of this page we find : — " Dec. 15, 1687. — That which is written above concerning Mr. Hall menacing the " parishioners is false and not true. — Witness my hand, " Jos. Hall." " 1689. — Edward North was abated in his account for shoos he sold to the poor, " that the towne paid for, six shillings eight pence, he being overseer, which was an evill " example to them that come after, he being a shoomaker. " 1690. — It is ordered that the Guild Hall shall be put in repair as to the tyling " and daubing by the overseers. " 1689. — A list of ye persons' names in the Parish of Stoak next Nayland, in " the County of Suffolk, have contributed towards the Relief of the distressed Irish " Protestants, together with an account of the funds by them respectively given in the " month of September, in the year of Our Lord 1689, in ye first year of the reign of " King WiUiam : — s. d. " Sir Charles Umfreville, ffive pounds ... ... ... ... 100 00 " And 190 other names with the sums given. " The names of the persons that would not give anything to this charitable use are *' as follows : — s. d. oo 00 oo oo oo oo STOKE BY NAYLAND. 73 " Mr. Reeve, Vicar " Sir Wm. Mannock " Mr. Francis Mannock " Joseph Hull, and eight other signatures. In handwriting of the Vicar : — " This briefe was unduely and illegally collected, as witnesseth, " Ths. Reeve, Vkar." " 1689. — Received 18 of Sept., 1689, of Sir C. Umfreville, by the hands of " Mr, Thomas Ffirmin, the sum of 13 pounds, and four pounds collected in the Parish " of Stoke by Nayland upon their Majesties' Briefe for the Reliefe of the poor Irish " Protestants-, I say received for Leonard Robinson, Esq., Chamberlain of London, " whereof 12 pence bad money from Thos. White. " 1689. — Published and collected the 3"^ briefe for the ffrench Protestants, Sept. 23, " and collected eighteen shillings and fourpence halfpenny. " Item that Sir Umfreville, and others by his example, refused to give any relief " as is desired by the said brief in a letter sent therewith. " Thos. Reeve, Vicar." " 1689. May 17. — The twenty shillings levyed by the constables upon Rob* Adye " for his keeping an alehouse or tippling house, and selling ale and beer, may be " disposed of to the use of the poor as followeth." Then follow the names of 20 poor people who each receive a shilling. There are other entries of the same kind relating to tippling houses. " 1690. — At a parish meeting 23 ffebruarie, 1690, it is ordered that Isaac Penning, " and he only, should have all the right that the towne hath of setting up fayre stuff or " stalls for St. Mathias fayre or May fayre, for and during the terme of seaven years, " paying therefor to the churchwardens of the said parish for the use of this parish at " or upon the 4*^ day of May yearly, and every year during the term aforesaid the sum " of twenty shillings. It is further ordered that neither the widdow Hall, John Till, " Abraham Garratt, Edward Mumford, W. Staybroke, wid. Earle, wid. Groom, Samuel " Gudden, John Well, John Sadd or his wife, wid. King, James Smith, nor any other " person whatsoever do presume for to build or set up any stalls, booths, or fayre stuff " in any of the said fayres during the said terme contrary to the antient usage and " right belonging to the said parish, excepting the said Isaac Penning, and if any person " do sett up any stalls or fayre stufife, or molest or hinder the said Isaac Penning from " setting up stalls or fayre stuff in the said fayres, or from enjoying the benefit granted " him as aforesaid, they shall be sued by the churchwardens for the time being at the " charge of the parish. " 1 70 1. — Received of several persons for being convicted of swearing, 7 shillings. *' 1702.— It is ordered that the right which this parish hath of letting out stalls at L 74 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " the fayres next upon St. Mathias' Day and the 5th May, be let to John Wilsher of " this parish, joiner, for seven years, he paying yearly to the churchwardens upon the " 4th May in every year the sum of ten shillings, and it is also ordered that none beside " the said John Wilsher shall get or let out any stall upon the aforesaid fayre days, it " always having been accounted the right of this parish to do it. " 1704. — A piece of land belonging to one of the poor houses let for 4 pence a year. " 1705. — Received of Michael Beaumont for a piece of land taken out of wid. " Purslow's yard. " ^T^J' — Paid ;^ 10 pounds to E. Winall for producing deed relating to almshouses " on Downs. " Turnpike at Higham Bridge to be repaired, and also a breach going down " Scotland Street to be mended. " 1694. — Ordered that there be watch and ward at all usual places in the town, •' that is at the watch house in the town, at Mr. Williams' at Thorington Street, at Loft " Bridge, at Wythermarsh Green, at Scotland St., and that the watchmen have gun- " powder found them at the charge of the parish, and use .... and render '' what is necessary, and to watch six each place, three at the watch house every " night. " 1695. — The briefe for the burning in the city of Warwick was published by the " minister of the parish of Stoke Nayland, on Sunday fornoon after Divine service ; read *' Aprill, 1695, and collected from house to house three following days, one £ one s, " and twopence. Ths. Reeve, Vicar:' " 1699. — That M' T. Reeve be rated and taxed in all parish taxes and rates for " the vicarage and all other things which by law he ought to have, notwithstanding any " order formerly made to the contrary, and the said parishioners revoke any orders " heretofore made for the excusing of the said Ths. Reeve from being rated, or from " paying any parish rate. " 1704. — Whereas Michael Beaumont for the more convenient repairing of his " house called the Club Room, did take in a small part of ground appertaining to one of " the poor houses belonging to this parish, we do consent that the said Michael " Beaumont, his heirs and assigns, shall quietly enjoy the said ground, as long as he " payeth to the overseers of this parish four pence per annum on Lady Day, or within "10 days after. " 17 18. — That no money be spent at Easter at the parish charge. " 1 7 19. — The coroner having charged 14^". for holding an inquest on the body of a " man belonging to East Bergholt found dead in Stoke, Mr. Gurdon declared that " nothing was. due to the coroner from either parish, who could not demand or recover " anything in any such case for doing his office. " 1 7 19. — It was ordered by the parishioners now present, that they shall spend five STOKE BY NAYLAND. 75 " shillings this day (at the Angell) and also every first Wednesday in the month. " Rd. Serjeant, Will. James, John Wiltshire, Ed. Holton, Ths. James. " 1 72 1. — Ordered that 40 shillings be paid to Mr. Harrington, surgeon, over and " above his salary for the year past, for the extraordinary illnesse which have happened " to the poore. •' 1728. — Ordered that the buckets and rope of the town well be put into repair, " and the bucket be locked to the side of the well, and that Rob* Bond keep the key, " not to suffer anybody to have any water but the poor, that the rest pay for it. " 1728. — That the Gate House Chamber coming into the chyard., be pulled down " and the timber and tyles be laid up in the Guildhall till wanted for the parish use. " 1732. — It was agreed that Sir John Williams have leave to pull down the three " tenements at the church gate, and to set them up again in the churchyard, where " Sarah Freeman lived, at his own cost, and then the land they stand upon be valued " and conveyed to the said Sir John Williams. " 1733- — The land was surveyed, reckoned at 5 rods, sold to Sir J. Williams for " 15 shillings." The following extracts relate to the relief of the poor, maintenance of children. Sec. : — " 1689, July 23. — Ordered at a parish meeting that the overseers for the parish to " provide masters for all the poor children of the parish who are fit to be bound " apprentice, and to have such masters and children at the next parish meeting, in order " to bind such children apprentices. " 1690. — At a parish meeting held the 2nd day of June, 1690, the overseers for the " year and parishioners of this parish, did consider the condition and wants of the poore " of this parish, and did order that the several poor persons hereafter named should " receive a weekly pension as followeth," Then follow the names of several children ke/>i and apprenticed, and then the names of the aged, with their weekly allowance ; as Sara ffreman, aged 3 skor and eleven. " Ordered at the same meeting that there shall be allowed for the winding sheet of " every poor person but 6 pence if it can be bought so, and twelve pence for laying of " them forth. " It is further ordered that George Penry shall goe with the widdow Hodges' " daughter to Colchester, to have the opinion of some chyrugeon in order to her " cure. " 1691. July. — In the parish meeting that if those persons who take collection suffer " any of their children to breake any of the glasse belonging to the church, their collection " or portion shall be withdrawn till the damage shall be made good, so done by any of " their children, and if the children of any other persons who do not have collection " shall break any of the glasse belonging to the said church, if the parents of such " children do not repayre the damage done to the glasse of the said church, then " to be proceeded against according to law by the churchwardens of the parish. L 2 76 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Further ordered that a bucket and pully be bought by the Overseers for the " common well against the Guildhall. " The names of such poor children as ye Parish do keepe : — " John Banke, 3 years and a halfe old, kept by Joe Lee, at is. 6d. a week, ordered " that he shall have but 5 shillings a month for keeping of the child. " Mary Danby, 10 y''^ old, kept by Susan King. She doth promise to keep her " another year for nothing, allowing the child one shift, one p' shoes, one p"" stockings. " Elizabeth Banke, about 7, kept by Susan King, at is. 6d. a week, she shall have " but 5 shillings a month for the future. " Sarah Moore, a bastard child, about 7, kept by Rob* Baker, at 4s. a month, " ordered he shall have but y. a month. " Elizabeth Hart, about one year and half old, kept by Rob* Porters, at 8s. a month, " ordered he shall have but 6s. a month, the child is to be allowed is. 6d. a week. " Mary Hart, about 13 years old, kept by the wid. Sandford for gd. a week. " Goodman Fits will have her for nothing. " Mary Barrow, aged 11, kept by Wid. Rees, at is. 6d. a week. Goodman Sowerby " will take her for nothing for 7 yeares. " 1693. — Parish Meeting: Whereas there are severall poor persons of this parish " who are clothed at the charge of the parish ; by order of the parish ye badge or letter " S was ordered to be sett upon the left arm upon every such poor person's garment, '.' to be worn by such poor persons, and whereas severall poor persons have refused to " wear the said badge or letter S, and have pulled the same off their garments in con- " tempt of the said order, it is further ordered that the respective portion of the said " poor persons be withdrawn until such time as they shall respectively appear before " the parish meeting with the badge or letter S upon their garment." There are very many pages of the book occupied with minute details of the relief given. Among others — " 1720. — Ordered that Goody Ratty have a bushel of corn. " 1725. — That Philip Carter be brought up into the Guild Hall between then and " Lady Day ; that Js. Tospill have cloaths with a Fearenothing and stockings." INSCRIPTIONS IN STOKE CHURCHYARD. -o«=<3^*^^ " In memory of Susannah Andrewes, wife of Edward Andrewes, who departed this Hfe " Dec 30, 18 12, aged 71." " Edward Andrewes, of this parish, who departed this life Dec. 27, 18 13, aged 81." " In memory of Mary Andrew, who departed this life Feb. 5, 1832, aged 61." ** In memory of Edward Andrews, who died June 13, 1847, aged 75." ** Sacred to the memory of Joshua Arthy, who died Aug* 9, 1835, aged 75. He was "57 years in the situation of land steward with Sir Joshua Rickets Rowley, Bart., " and his ancestors." B. " In affectionate remembrance of Anne, the beloved wife of Charles Beer, who died " May 6, 1872, aged 64." " In affectionate remembrance of Charles Beer, who died Sepf" 21, 1876, aged 72, " for 36 years head carpenter to the Tendring Hall estate. This stone is erected " by Sir C. R. Rowley, Bart., in remembrance of his faithful services." ** Sacred to the memory of Ann, wife of John Brown, of the parish of St. James, " Colchester, and eldest daughter of William Seabrook, and Ann, his wife, who " died April 10, 18 10, aged 26," " In memory of Peter Beards, who died May 17, 1854, aged 88." " In memory of James Benneworth, who died April 11, 1802, aged 60." In memory of John Brunning, of this parish, who died October 28, 1831, aged 69." 78 STOKE BY NAYLAND. ' " And Mary, his affectionate wife, who died Dec' 15, 1854, aged 83." " In memory of John William, infant son of George and Lucy Ann Barnes, died May 5, " aged 8 months." On the south side near the chancel door : — " H. S. E. " Lancelottus Baker, nuper civis et aurifaber Londinensis. Habuit uxorem Elizabetham " ex qua unicam habuit filiam Lancelottam." " Undecimo die April 1701 e terris in caelum transmigravit, et cognatis et amicis triste " sui desiderium reliquit." Arms above : — " Baker on a fosse between 2 cinquefoils, as many swans' heads erased impaling a fesse " between 3 leaves, crest on arms embossed — habited holding in the hand a swan's " head erased." " In memory of Jane Bare, daughter of B, J. Bare, and Elizabeth, his wife, who died " April 18, 1808, aged 2." " Here lieth the body of Thomas Bell, who died Dec. 22, 1819, aged 33," "In memory of William, son of George and Sarah Boggis, who died July 22, 1858, " aged 15 ; also of William, his brother, who died July 3, 1841, aged 7 weeks; " also of George Boggis, who died April 14, 1840, aged 71 ; also of Mary, his " wife, who died March 5, 1858, aged 86" " In memory of William Blencowe, late of the Valley Farm, in this parish, who departed " this life December 1 8, 1 847, aged 43 ; also of Arthur, infant son of William and " Harriet Blencowe, who died July 28, 1847, aged 10 months." ' In memory of Jane, relict of William Marsh Bridges, late of Elmswell, who died "Jan. 14, 1872, aged 75." " Abraham Buck, 175 1." " In memory of Mary, wife of Horatio Nelson Bolton, of Finchley, Middlesex, who died *' Dec. 8, 1832, in the 34th year of her age." c. " Sacred to the memory of Ann Capps, who departed this life Feb'' 7, i8i8, aged 81." " In memory of William Cook, who died May 5, 1874, aged 68.'* " In memory of Henry Cook, who died Jan. 12, 1871, aged 72." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 79 " In memory of Edward Cook, late of Scotland Hall, in this parish, who departed this " life July 1 8, 1825, aged 66; also of Ann, wife of the above, who departed this " life Nov. I, 1836, aged 68 ; also of Charlotte, wife of Joseph Boutell, of Boxford, " and daughter of the above Edward and Ann Cook, who departed this life Aug. 28, " 1859, aged 63." " Sacred to the memory of Harriet, daughter of Edward and Ann Cook, of this parish, " who departed this life May 23, 1830, aged 29 ; also of Maria, their daughter, who " departed this life April 9, 1847, aged 39." " In memory of Elizabeth, wife of William M. Lazell, second daughter of the above " Edward and Ann Cook, who departed this life Oct 2, 1825, aged 50." " Sacred to the memory of Mary Ann, daughter of Edward and Ann Cook, who departed " this life June 6, 1824, aged 31 ; also 3 children, Edward, Sarah, and Susannah, " who died in their infancy." " To the memory of Edward Cook, late of Scotland Hall, of this parish, who departed " this life March 24, 1854, aged 51 ; also of Hannah Cook, who died Nov. 23, 1866, " aged 68." '' Beneath are deposited the remains of John Cook, of this parish, who departed this life " 23rd June, 1791, aged ;;?y ; also of Elizabeth, his wife, who departed this life 27th " May, 1761, aged 30; also of Sarah Till, daughter of the above, who departed " this life 26th March, 1810, aged 58 ; also of Henry Cook, son of the above. " In memory of Henry Cook, late of this parish, who departed this life Oct. 7, 1787, " aged 52." " In memory of Elizabeth Cook, his wife, who departed this life May 27, 1 801, aged 6^^" " Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Cook, of this parish, who departed this life Feb. 7, " 1870, aged 79." " In memory of Edward, son of Edward and Ann Cook, who died Oct. 24, 18 17, aged 22." " In memory of Ann, wife of Edward Cook, late of St. Clement's, Ipswich, who died " June 30, 1803, aged 34." " Sacred to the memory of James Cook, of this parish, who died 19th June, 1815, aged 52." " In memory of Lucy Ann, wife of James Cook, who died nth April, 1849, aged 79." "' Also two of their children, Robert and Elizabeth, who died in their infancy." 8o ^ STOKE BY NAYLAND. " Sacred to the memory of James Cook, son of James and Ann Cook, of this parish, " who died 27th Dec. 1843, aged 48." " In memory of Henry Cook, who departed this life July 25, 1870, aged 73." *' In memory of Sarah, the wife of John Cook, of St. Clement's, Ipswich, who departed " this life 15th Nov., 1806, aged 30." " Sacred to the memory of Ann, wife of John Cooper, of the Angel Inn, in this place, " who died Feb. 15, 18 17, in the 36th year of her age ; also of four of their children, " who died in their infancy ; also of John Cooper, who died Oct. 30, 1846, aged 75." " Sacred to the memory of Edersign Phillips, the dearly beloved child of William and *' Isabella Church, who died May 15, 1870, aged 10 months." " Sacred to the memory of Daniel Chisnall, who died April 10, 1803, aged 62." " In memory of Ann, wife of Daniel Chisnall, who died April 10, 1803, aged 62." " In memory of Sarah, wife of William Chisnall, who departed this life Nov. 7, 1854, " aged 58." " In memory of William Chisnall, who departed this life Sept. 15, 1850, aged 71." " Here lieth the body of Elizabeth Cooper, late wife of Michael Cooper, who departed " this life Dec' 30th, 1758, aged 55." " In memory of Michael Cooper, late of this parish, who departed this life Jan^ 27, " 1778, aged 88." " Sacred to the memory of Samuel Cousins, of Elmswell, late of Billingford, Norfolk, " who departed this life March 22, 1853, aged 75." " Mary Ann Cousins, who departed this life Jan. 7, 1861." " Sacred to the memory of Thomas Crooks, who died Jan^ 9, 1859, aged 65." " Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Crooks, who died Feb. 10, 1864, " aged 66." " Sacred to the memory of Walter Joseph, youngest son of John and Mary Ann Crooks, " who died May 20, 1865, aged 19." " In memory of Mary Ann, the wife of John Crooks, and eldest daughter of the late " James Brown, who died Jan'y 30, 1848, aged 35." " Beneath are deposited the remains of John Cobbald, gent, who died July 9, 1796, " aged 69." " Also of his wife, who died March 5, 1777, aged 50." " Sacred to the memory of Mary Crick, who departed this life Jan. 7, 1819, aged 57." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 8 1 D. " In hope of the Resurrection to Eternal Life, are deposited the remains of Isabella, the " beloved wife of Capt. S. T. Dickens, R.N., who departed this life the 2nd June, " 1848, aged 57." " Also of Edward Mark, their youngest and beloved son, who died Sept. 10, 1853, " aged 19." " In memory of James Drew, who departed this life Oct. 16, 1793, aged 61." " In memory of Deborah, the daughter of James and Mary Drew, who departed this " life June 12, 1798, aged 15." " Sacred to the memory of Deborah Syer Drew, who died April 24, 1848, aged 32." " In memory of Judith, the wife of William Durham, who departed this life the " 19th Nov., 1849, aged 70." " William Durham, formerly of Cotton, late of this parish, who departed this life 5th May, " 1838, aged 63." " Also of Judith, daughter of William and Judith Durham, who departed this life " 28th May, 1854, aged 49." " In memory of Benjamin Dyer, who departed this life Sept. 13, 1793, aged 51." " Sacred to the memory of Thomas Dyer, of this parish, who died Sept. 8, 1852, aged 64." " In memory of Maria, daughter of Thomas and Sarah Dyer, who died Feb. 27, 1842, " aged 9 ; also of Jane, their daughter, who died Feb. 27, 1846, aged 25." " Sacred to the memory of Mary Ratcliffe Dyer, who died Jan. 12, 1868, aged 38." " In memory of Mary, wife of John Doe, late of Needham Market, in this county, who " died Jan. 10, 1837, aged 80." E. " In memory of Samuel Ely, who departed this life the 22nd of December, 1801, " aged 85." " In memory of Alice, the wife of James Edzard, who departed this life June 31, " 1792, ag^ 66" " In memory of Sophia Edzard, daughter of Esdrass Edzard, plumber, of Bridsent, " Sussex, who departed this life May 17, 1792, aged 8 and 6 months." 82 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " In memory of James Edzard, died Jan. 19, 1792, aged 57." " In memory of Mary Edzard, who died Jan^ 21, 1806, aged 15." " In memory of Elizabeth, the wife of Edward Eppleford, who died June 25, 1846, "aged 86 ; also of Edward Eppleford, who died Sepf^ 19, 1865, aged 69." " In memory of Edward Eppleford, who died Oct 27, 1831, aged 82." " Beneath are deposited the remains of John, only son of Edward and Sophia Epple- " ford, and grandson of Edward and Eliza Eppleford, born Nov' 12, 1824, died "Jan. 31, 1846." " In memory of Ann, widow of the late Charles Everett, builder, Lexden, who died •' Ocf^ 13th, 1873, aged ^^y" F. " Sacred to the memory of Mary Ann Fenn, who died Dec. 22, 1848, aged 18." " Sacred to the memory of Hephzibah Fenn, who died Feb. 22, 1858, aged 25." " In memory of Sarah, wife of William Firman, who died Oct. 27, 1770, aged 29." * In memory of Jemima, wife of William Frost, who died Sept. 4, 1861, aged 81." " Also near this place lieth the above William Firman, who died Dec. 4, 1789, aged 55." " In memory of Mary Feary, who departed this life the 29th July, 1802, aged yy." " Sacred to the memory of Louisa Matilda, the beloved sister of Lieut.-Gen. Forbes, " R.A., who died July i, 1856, aged y8" " To the memory of Thomas John Forbes, Gen., R.A., brother of the above, who died • " 1st Feb., 1868, in his 88th year." " Sacred to the memory of Benjamin Farrow, who departed this life Feb. 13, 1830, " aged 42; also of Elizabeth Ann Farrow, his widow, who died Sept. 24, i860, " aged 66." G. " In memory of James Gardiner, who departed this life Nov. 22, 18 12, aged 29." " In memory of Charles Garradd, who departed this life Jannr 2, 1797, aged 52." " In memory of Abigail, wife of Charles Garradd, who died June 24, 1825, aged 82." " Also of Mary Proctor, daughter of Charles and Abigail Garradd, who died July 15, « 1825, aged 41." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 83 " In memory of Sarah Garradd, who died Nov'' 23, 1857, aged 77." " In memory of Susan, the wife of James Girt, who departed this life Dec' 12, i799. " aged 32." " Also of Mary, their daughter, who died Dec. 20, 1800, in the third year of her age." " In memory of James Girt, of this parish, who died Jan. 19, 1827, aged T^r " In memory of Caroline Minter Goodrich, wife of Joseph Goodrich, of Hadleigh, " Suffolk, and daughter of Thomas and Caroline Green, of this parish, who died " November 18, 183 1, aged 28." " In memory of Elizabeth, late wife of Hugh Green, sen', who departed this life Nov. "2, 1 77 1, aged 74." " In memory of the aforesaid Hugh Green, who departed this life the 14th of January, " 1777, aged 71." " In memory of Hugh Green, who departed this life July 13, 1796, aged 64," " In memory of Martha, wife of Thomas Green, who died Jan. 3, 1800, aged 34." " Also of Thomas Green, who died Feb'y 17, 1836, aged 71." " In memory of William Green, who departed this life Dec. i, 1802, aged 66." " Also of Sarah Ann, his wife, who departed this life Dec. 9, 1806, aged 72." " Sacred to the memory of Mary Hicks Green, the wife of Henry Green, who died July " 7, 1841, aged 25 ; also of Thomas, their son, who died May i, 1841, aged 2." " Here lie the remains of Robert Green, of Nayland ; also of Margaret, his daughter, " who died an infant." " To the memory of an affectionate parent, Ann Goymer, who departed this life " February 18, 1830, aged 85." " Also of Edward N. Goymer, who departed this life April the 9th, 1855, aged 79, late " schoolmaster of this parish." " In memor}^ of Alured William Gray, late Major H.M. 44th Regiment, who died 29th " of April, 1872, aged y6." " In memory of Sarah Anne Gray, the beloved wife of. Major Alured William Gray, " late of this parish, who died December 20, 1872, aged 40." ; " In memory of Mary Pettite Grimwade, wife of George Grimwade, who departed this " life Dec. 4, 1821, aged 28." " Sacred to the memory of Henry Goswick, late of Harwich, who departed this " life April ist, 18 19, aged 30." " Sacred to the memory of Mary Ann, the wife of Henry Goswick, who departed this " life 19th April, 1835, in the 50th year of her age." M 2 84 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " In affectionate remembrance of William, only and beloved son of Thomas and Anna " Goldsmith, of Stoke-by-Nayland, who died March 25, 1874, aged 21." " In memory of Caroline, the wife of Thomas Green, of this parish, who died Sept' 9, " 1807, ag^ 37-" " In memory of Charles Jackson, son of Isaac Jackson and Jane Cook Goldsmith, who " died May 7, 1862, aged 7 months." " In memory of Philippa Gurdon, relict of Parker Gurdon, Rector of Cranworth, in " Norfolk, and daughter of George Clarke, late Rector of Raydon, in Suffolk, who " died April 11, 1779, aged 65." " Here lieth two of her grandchildren, Eliza and Philip Kemdall, who died infants." " To the memory of John Gardner, who departed this life April 19, 1856, aged 82 ; " also of Sarah, his wife, who departed this life Dec. 5th, 1848, aged 69; also of " Sarah, their daughter, who departed this life April 29, 1843, aged 29; also of " Maria Chisnall, their daughter, who departed this life Sep. 6, 1844, aged 36." '* Sacred to the memory of Protezy Godden, who died i8th of Dec'", 1838, aged y8." " Also of Joseph Godden, husband of the above, died May 26, 1842, aged 82." •' In memory of Michael Cooper Godden, died Dec"" 18, 1832, aged 38." H. In memory of Thomas Hammant, who died Oct. 25, 1805, aged '/y" In memory of Ann Hammant, who died May 19, 1806, aged 83." In memory of James Hammant, who died June 10, 1825, aged 59." In memory of Anne Hammant, died Sept' 28, 1822, aged 62." In memory of John Hardy, son of John and Sarah Hardy, who died May 18, 181 1, " aged 19." In memory of John Hardy, who died 19th June, 1837, aged 73." In memory of Sarah, the wife of John Hardy, who died Dec. 7, 1844, aged 82." In memory of Jemima, the wife of Joshua Hardy, who died August 25, 1872, aged 76." In memory of William Hasel, who died April 16, 1864, aged 84." Also of Maria, his wife, who departed this life April 18, 1866, aged 73." In memory of Sarah Green Hicks, the wife of Anthony Hicks, of this parish, who " departed this life Jan'y 6, 181 5, aged 31." In memory of Anthony Hicks, late of this parish, who departed this life March 19, " 1824, aged 43." STOKE BY NAYLAND. - 85 " In memory of Elizabeth Munnings Hicks, who died June i, 1861, aged 54." " In memory of Mary, the wife of Joseph Howard, who departed this life Dec. 24, 1821, " aged 59." " Also of Joseph Howard, who departed this life March 5, 1822, aged 57." " In memory of Edmund Hyndes, who died Jan'^ 20, 1758, aged 74." " In memory of Mary Hyndes, daughter of Edmund Hyndes, senr., who departed this . " life October the 4th, 1768, aged 46." " In memory of Mary Hyndes, the wife of Edward Hyndes, senr., late of this parish, " who departed this life the 27th day of January, 1772, aged 85." " In memory of John Hyndes, of this parish, who departed this life Jan"^ 16, 1779." " In memory of Mary Hyndes, wife of John Hyndes, who departed this life the 7th of " April, 1774, aged 42." " In this vault are interred the remains of Ann and Elizabeth Hoy, daughters of John " and Ann Hoy, of this parish ; Elizabeth died Feb. 27, 1787, aged 14 ; Ann " died April i, 1787, aged 15. Also the remains of the above John Hoy, who died " Sept. 17, 1799 ; also of Ann, his wife, who died Nov. 11, 1816, aged 'j'j ; also the " remains of John Hoy, son of John and Ann Hoy, who died Sept, 22, 1794, aged " 28 ; also are entombed the remains of Sarah Hoy, wife of John Hoy, son of the " above, who died JanF 30, 1791, aged 20." " Here also are deposited the remains of Sarah Frances and Ann, her sister, daughters " of John and Sarah Hoy of this parish ; the former hastily torn from her friends " in awful suddenness, was summoned from this life on the 24th Nov., 1824, aged 20; " the latter, bearing with resigned and sainted fortitude the painful lingerings of " protracted disease, yielded her spirit June i, 1825, in the 23 year of her age." " In memory of Henry Holmes, who died Feb. 12th, 1854, aged 89." " Also of Rachel, his wife, who died April 29, 1841, aged 79." '* Sacred to the memory of Henry Holmes, who died Nov. 17, 1873, aged 79." "In affectionate remembrance of Maria Harrington, of this parish, who departed this life October 20, 1871, aged 57." I. " In memory of Ann, the wife of Golding Ive, who departed this life June 2[, 1837, " aged 70." " In memory of Golding Ive, who departed this life April 21, 1845, aged 84." 86 STOKE BY NAYLAND. J. " Here lieth the body of Clover Jackaman, who died August 6, 1822, aged 6y." " In memory of Edward, son of Robert Jones, who died Nov. 5, i860, aged 50." " In memory of William Jelly, who departed this life April 4, 1862, aged 61." " In memory of Ann, the wife of William Jelly, who departed this life May 24, 1866, " aged 69." " Sacred to the memory of William Johnson, late of Higham, who died Sept' 24, 1823, " aged 71." " Sacred to the memory of Rebekkah, wife of William Johnson, who died Ocf 22, 1833, " aged 81." " Sacred to the memory of Isaac Sadler Johnson, late of Mile End, and son of William " and Rebekkah Johnson, who died Sept. 6, 1837, aged 58 ; also of Eliza Ann, " grand-daughter of the above, who died Nov. 4, 1843, aged 2." " Sacred to the memory of Sarah, the wife of Isaac Sadler Johnson, who died Jan. 23, " 1858, aged 82." " Sacred to the memory of Albert Frank, the third beloved son of John Barker Johnson " and the late Betsy Johnson, of Southolt, in this county, who departed this life " 25th April, 1863, aged 13." " In affectionate remembrance of Isaac Sadler Johnson, born Feb^^ 24, 1802, died "July 25, 1868." " In memory of Mary Ann, wife of the late Stephen Kemp, of Great Yarmouth, died " March 15, 1869, aged 62." " Robert Keeble, 1865." " To the memory of Henry, son of James and Susannah King, who died July 5, 1850, " aged 23." " In memory of Susanna, the wife of James King, who departed this life Nov', 1864, " aged 57." " James King, who departed this life April 10, 1876, aged 82." " In memory of Charles Everitt King, youngest son of James King, of this parish, who " died Jan. 17, 1869, aged 35." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 87 " In memory of Susanna, the beloved wife of Philip Kingsbury, of Elmstead, Essex, who "died July 11, 1857, aged 52; also of the above Philip Kingsbury, who died " Jan. 3, 1872, aged 68." " In memory of Sarah, the affectionate wife of Francis Keeble, who departed this life " Feby 21, 1858, aged 79." " Also of Francis Keeble, who departed this life Jan. 31, 1869, in his 84th year." " In memory of Stephen Lewis, who departed this life Dec 7, 1791, aged 59," " In memory of Stephen Lewis, who departed this life the i6th Dec', 1783, aged 32." " John Lewis, died the 14th of August, 1801, aged 38." " Also Ehzabeth Lewis, who died the 14th of January, 1808, aged 74." " In memory of Charles Loader, who departed this life August 15, 1779, aged 48." " In memory of John Loader, died March 12, 1815, aged 71." " To the memory of Catherine Loader, wife of John Loader, of this parish, who died Sept. 26, 181 1, aged 60." " In memory of Susanna, the wife of James Lungley, who departed this life May 11, " 1762, aged 62." " Sacred to the memory of Henry Lipscombe,who departed this life July 10, 1869, aged 79." " Also of Louisa Lipscombe, his daughter-in-law, who departed this life June 28, 1840, " aged 30." M. " In memory of John Minter, who died March 23, 1791, aged 55." " In memory of Mary Minter, who died Aug 21, 1801, aged 70." " In memory of Jeremiah Minter, who died Oct. 16, 181 1, aged 71." " In memory of Caroline, wife of Jeremiah Minter, who died May 14, 1800, aged 34." " Here lie, in hope of the Resurrection to Eternal Life through our Lord Jesus Christ, " the mortal remains of Mary Emily, third daughter of the late Daniel Macnamara, " Esq., of Uxbridge, who died May 7, 1855, aged 15." " Sacred to the memory of Joseph Adams Mudd, the 4th beloved son of William and " Hepzibah Mudd, who departed this life Aug'^ 15, 1863, aged 5." o5 STOKE BY NAYI.AND. " Sacred to the memory of Roland Ernest, dearly beloved son of William and Hepzibah " Mudd, who departed this life April 24, 1874, aged 11," " In memory of Mary Elizabeth Mannings, wife of Benjamin Munnings, of Nayland, in " the county of Suffolk, who died April 17, 18 17, aged 59." " Also of the above Benjamin Munnings, who died Dec. 28, 1841, aged 84." " In memory of Elizabeth Munnings, who departed this life Feb. 27, 1830, aged " 8 months; also of Mary Munnings, who departed this life May 17, 1843, aged " 10 months." " In memory of W"" Green Munnings, who departed this life Aug. 25, 1848, " aged 50." " Also of Mary, his daughter, who departed this life Aug. 28, 1848, aged 2 years 7 " months." " In memory of Mary, wife of Daniel Mann, who died March 8, 1842, in the 72nd year " of her age." " Also of the above Daniel Mann, who died May 24, 1859, aged S6 ; he was 52 years " clerk of this parish." " George May, who departed this life Jan. 27, 1757, aged 41." " In memory of Elizabeth, the wife of George May. She departed this life Nov. 5, 1789, " aged 75." " In memory of Sarah, the wife of Benjamin Mattock, who died Nov. 4, 1803, aged 32." " In memory of Jemima Martin, wife of Robert Martin, of this parish, who departed this "life Dec. 9, 1824, aged 63." " Robert Martin, of this parish, carpenter, who departed this life Sept. 19, 1827, " aged 61." " In memory of George Martin, the beloved husband of Jane Martin, late of the parish " of Polstead, who departed this life Dec. 9, 1824, aged 53." " In memory of Jane, wife of John Martin, of Lowestoff, and formerly wife of George " Martin, late of Polstead, who departed this life March 21, 1825, aged 68." " In memory of Samuel Martin, who died March 29, i860, aged 82." " Also of Martha, his wife, who died March 30, i860, aged 79." " Also Samuel, their son, who died May 24, 18 12, aged 13 months." " Sacred to the memory of Sophia Meredrew, 32 years a faithful servant to the Dowager " Lady Rowley, who died Nov. 22, 1845, aged 51." " In memory of Susanna, wife of Thomas Mortimer, who died Nov. 29, 1855, " aged 42." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 89 " Sacred to the memory of Samuel Mortimer, who died June 18, 18 14, aged 32 ; also of " Elizabeth, his wife, who died July 15, 1846, aged 66!' " In memory of Harriet, the beloved wife of Samuel Mortimer, and daughter of "Mr. William Frost, of this parish, who died Feb. 20, 1854, aged 34; also of " Samuel Edward, 2nd son of the above, who died Feb. 10, 1847, aged i year and " 10 months." " Sacred to the memory of Sarah Mortimer, who died March 5, 1852, aged 59." " To the memory of William Mortimer, who died Oct. 27, 1826, aged 50." " Sacred to the memory of Ann Mortimer, who died April 12, 1791, aged 51 ; also of " John Mortimer, who died Feb. 21, 1821, aged 81." " In memory of Mary Ann Mortimer, who died April 12, 1871, aged 41." " In memory of John Seabrook Mortimer, who departed this life March 3, 1807, " aged 43." " In memory of Martha, widow of John Seabrook Mortimer, who died Jan. 10, 185 1, " aged 85." " Sacred to the memory of James Mortimer, who died Dec. 8, 1837, aged 56." " Sacred to the memory of Sarah, wife of James Mortimer, and youngest daughter of " the late Will. Seabrook and Ann, his wife, who died Aug. 25, 1822, aged 34; also " three daughters of the above, who died in their infancy." " Sacred to the memory of George Walter Mortimer, son of John Seabrook and Mary " Price Mortimer, of Nayland, who died Oct. 23, 1828, aged 8." " Also John Seabrook, their son, who died Nov. 30, 1829, aged 11 ; also Alfred, their " son, an infant." " In memory of Mary, wife of William Mortimer, who died Nov. 3, 1857, aged 60." " In memory of William Mortimer, who died March 31, 1865 ; aged 65." " In memory of Ann Eliza, wife of William Mortimer, who died Nov. 30, 1867, " aged 42." " In memory of Thomas Mortimer, who died April 5, 1843, aged 57." " In memory of Mary Ann, wife of Thomas Mortimer, who died Aug. 9, 1869, '* aged Tj." " In memory of Lucy, wife of Henry Gladwell Mortimer, who died May 31, 1844, " aged 23." " Sacred to the memory of George Henry Mortimer, who departed this life Feb. 24, " 1825, aged 15. " Sacred to the memory of Martha Ann Mortimer, daughter of John Seabrook and " Martha Mortimer, who departed this life 29th July, 18 18, aged 22." N 90 STOKE BY NAYLAND. N. " In memory of Richard Naylor, who died Aug. 5, 1868, aged 73." P. " In memory of Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Parker, who died April 12, 1825." " In memory of the Rev* Samuel Parlby, the faithful and indefatigable Pastor of this " parish. He died March 17, 1803, aged 48." " James Parsons, died Dec, 1822, aged 35. " In memory of Deborah, wife of Joseph Parson, who died May 28, 18 18, aged 33." " In memory of Edward Parson, who died 1768, aged 6"]^ " In memory of Sarah, wife of Edward Parson, late of this parish, who departed this life " April 9, 1 78 1, aged 76." " In memory of Edward Parson, of Thorpe Morieux, who departed this life Feb. 8, 1771, " aged 35." " In memory of John Parson, late of Boxford, who died 19th Feb., 1795, aged 57." " In memory of Mary, wife of John Parson, who died May 28, 179S, aged 54." " In memory of Deborah, wife of Henry Parson, who died Sep. 5, 1798, aged 52." " In memory of Elizabeth Holder, daughter of Edward and Sarah Parson, who died " March 5, 1829, aged 8y." " In memory of Henry Parson, late of Boxford, who died Aug** 26, 1829, aged 76." " In memory of Edward Parson, late of Boxford, who died Feb. 17, 1857, aged 76." " Also of Deborah Parson, his sister, who died June 9, 1862, in her 79th year." " Sacred to the memory of Henry Parson, who departed this life, deeply lamented, " April 8, 1852, aged 67" " Also of Mary Anne, his wife, who departed this life, deeply lamented by her family " and friends, March 11, 1857, aged 76." " In memory of Mary, daughter of Henry and Mary Anne Parson, of this parish, who " died Feb. 15, 1830, aged 14." ' In memory of Edward Simson Lay, the beloved son of Edward and Mary Parson, " who died Feby 22, 1857, aged 23, deeply lamented by his family and friends, " in the full hope of a joyful resurrection through our Lord Jesus Christ ; also of " Louisa, their youngest daughter, who died Jan. 18, 1858, aged 5 years and " 2 months." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 9 1 " Beneath are deposited the remains of Edward Frith Parson, who departed this life " Dec. 30, 1 8 16, aged 78." " Also of Hannah, his wife, who died Jan. 3, 1846, aged 89." " In memory of Robert Partridge, who died March 7, 1820, aged 73." " In memory of John Perry, who died Nov. 6, 181 5, aged 27." " In memory of Richard Pittock, son of Bailey and Ann Pittock, who departed this life " June 8, 1822, aged 20." " In memory of Bailey Pittock, who departed this life Sep* 11, 1825, aged 65." " In memory of Anne, wife of Bailey Pittock, who died Nov. 15, 1848, aged 79." " Sacred to the memory of Bailey Pittock, son of Bailey and Ann Pittock, who died " Sept. I, 1850, aged 59." " Also of Elizabeth, wife of the above, who died May 7, 1874, aged 82." "In memory of Emma Green Pittock, daughter of Bailey and Elizabeth Pittock, of " West Bergholt, Essex, who died April 8, 1832, aged 15." " In memory of William Pittock, of this parish, who died March 17, 1871, aged 6'j!' " Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, daughter of William and Sarah B. Pittock, who died Jan. 8, 1856, aged 17." " In memory of George Poley, who died 25 Jan., 1870, aged 65." " In memory of Isaac Pooley, who departed this life May 7, 1807, aged 17." " John Pooley, who departed this life Dec. 13, 18 15, aged 29." " Susan Pooley, 1867." " Sacred to the memory of James Potter, who died 21st April, 1816, in his 80th year." " Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, wife of James Potter, died Jan. 18, 1825, " aged 79." " Sacred to the memory of James Potter, of this parish, who died Nov. 21, 1829, " aged 60." " In memory of Ann, wife of James Potter, who departed this life Nov. 17, 1808^ " aged 61." " Sacred to the memory of Lucy, wife of Thomas Potter, who died June 13, 183 1„ " aged 75." " Also of Thomas Potter, who died Dec. 15, 1859, aged 75." " In memory of Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Parker, April 14, 1825, aged 64," " In memory of Ann Pryke, wife of Thomas Pryke, who departed this life Jan. 22, 181 1, " aged 73." N 2 92 STOKE BY NAYLAND. R. " In memory of Richard Rumsey, who departed this life 30th Nov., 1802, aged 42." " Sacred to the memory of Ann Rumsey, widow of Richard Rumsey, late of this " parish, who died March 3, 1847, aged 85." " Also of Richard William Rumsey, their only son, who died Nov. 22, 1808, aged 14." " Sacred to the memory of Anne Rumsey, who departed this life Sept. 4, 1861, " aged 68." " Here lieth the body of Jonathan Ratcliff, who departed this life April 30, 175 1, " agd 21." " In memory of Jonathan Ratcliff, late of this parish, who departed this life April 22, " 1776, aged 78." " In memory of Mary Ratcliff, the wife of Jonathan Ratcliff, who departed this life " Feb. 27, 1779, aged 86." " In memory of Mary Sadler, daughter of Jonathan Ratcliff, who died June i, 1756, " aged 35." " In memory of William Rigby, who departed this life Feb. 18, 1792, aged 89." " In memory of Jacob Robinson, who departed this life August 26, 1798, aged 85." " Here lieth the body of Margaret, the wife of William Rigby, who departed this life " June I, 1782, aged 73." " Here lieth the body of William Sadler, late of Higham, who departed this life Ocf 29, " 1787, aged 38." " In memory of John Seabrook, who died Sept' 18, 178 1, aged 60." " In memory of Ann, the wife of John Seabrook, who died Sepf 20, 1806, aged 91." " In memory of Elizabeth Seabrook, who departed this life Dec*" 19, 1805, aged 60." " In memory of WiUiam Seabrook, who departed this life Jan. 6, 1802, aged 53." " Sacred to the memory of Samuel Serjeant, died Oct. 2, 1842, aged 70." " Also Sarah, his wife, died Feb. i, 1845, aged 66" " Also Mary, their daughter, died Feb"^ 8, 1839, aged 29." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 93 " Also Elizabeth, their daughter, died April 5, 1840." " Mary Serjeant Gale, their grand-daughter." " In memory of Mary, the wife of Daniel Sarjeant, daughter of Thomas Eastel and " Mary, his wife, who died 21st December, 1758, aged 34." " In memory of Maria, the wife of Joseph Sarjeant, and daughter of William and Sarah " Chisnall, who died May 2, 1849, aged 20." " In memory of George Simpson, who departed this life Dec*" 5, 1765, aged 55." " Beneath are deposited the remains of Edward Frith Simpson, who departed this life " Dec. 20, 18 16, aged 7^." " Here lieth the body of John Simmons, who died Sep*" i, 1821, aged 38." " Sacred to the memory of John Stubbin, of Higham, in this county, who died Dec. 2j, " 1816, aged 66. " Mrs. Mary Stubbin, wife of John Stubbin, who departed this life 28th Aug., 1830, " aged 67." " In memory of Ann, the wife of John Stubbin, of Stoke, who died Feb. i, 1759, aged " 35 ; and also of two of their children, who died infants." " Also the body of John Stubbin, who departed this life 6th July, 1760, aged 48." " Also of Francis, son of the above John and Ann Stubbin, who departed this life 20th " Sept., 1789, aged 30." " Here lie the remains of Sarah Steward, the wife of Philip Steward, of Groton, in this " county, who departed this life June 9, 1785, aged 99." " In memory of Serjeant Blackwell Stow, who died Feb'' 13, 1824, aged 23, son of " Serjeant and Mary Dean Stow." " In memory of Serjeant Stow, who departed this life Jan. 20, 1837, ^g^d 64; also of " Mary Dean Stow, who departed this life Sep. 19, 1840, aged 66." " William Stow, 1867, aged 6^, ; Sarah, his wife, 1868, aged 6^." " Mary, the wife of James Stow, who departed this life March 2, 1797, aged 48." " James Stow, who departed this life Oct. 20, 1828, aged 79." " In memory of William Sidney, who died Jan. 17, 1876, aged 80." " Also of Susan, wife of the above, who died October 8, 1875, aged 78." "In memory of Sarah Strand, the only and dearly beloved daughter of Samuel and " Sarah Strand, who died May 12, 1762, aged 21." "In memory of Sarah, the wife of Samuel Strand, of Polstead, who died 4th January, " 1 741, aged 24." "In memory of Margaret, the wife of Samuel Strand, who died 27th Dec"", 1730, aged 54." 94 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " In memory of Samuel Strand, sen^ who died i6th April, 1739, aged 61." " Sacred to the memory of Eliza Stratford, who departed this life March 3, 1854, " aged 39." T. " In memory of Elizabeth, wife of Edward Tracy, who died Jan. 4, 18 16, aged 64." " Edward Tracy, who died Dec. 26, 1824, aged 82." " Mary Till, aged 18, 1703." " In memory of Susan, wife of William Taber, sen', late of Belstead, who died 1776, " aged 36." " Also of Susan, her daughter, died 1786, aged 16." " Elizabeth, wife of William Turner, March 4, 1777, aged 48." " In memory of Susan, wife William Taber, of Polstead, died June 26, 1802, " aged 26." " Sacred to the memory of Anna Maria Harriet, born Aug. 16, 1826, died Aug. " 29, 1838." " Louisa, bom Jan. 22, 1828, died Oct. i, 1851." " Catherine, born Jan. 13, 1835, died April 7, 1852." " Daughters of Rev^ Charles Martin Torlesse and Catherine Gumey, his wife." " Also of the Rev^ Henry Torlesse, their son, who died in Canterbury, New Zealand, " December 17, 1870, aged 37." " In memory of Susan Bridges, the daughter of Rev^ Charles ' Martin Torlesse, born " April 14, 183 1, married Feb. 7, i860, died Dec. 7, i860." " Here lies in sure and certain hope of a blessed Resurrection, the body of Charles " Obins Torlesse, of Canterbury, New Zealand, eldest son of the Rev*^ Charles " Martin Torlesse, born May 2, 1825 ; died 14th Nov., 1866." •' In hope of a blessed Resurrection, here lies the body of Catherine Gurney Torlesse, " the wife of the Rev^ Charles Martin Torlesse, born July 27, 1793, died April " 26, 1873." " In memory of Sarah Tearne, died June 17, 1848, aged y8." " In memory of Susanna Chatfield, the beloved wife of Richard Trill, of Greenwich, " Kent, the youngest daughter of William and Sarah B. Pittock, of this parish, 'f died Dec. 29, 1868, aged 28." STOKE BY NAYLAND. 95 V. " Beneath are deposited the remains of Henry Vince, of this parish, who departed this " life May 22, 1800, in his 62nd year." " In memory of Sarah Anne Woodgate, who died Nov. 24, 1859, aged 26." " In this grave are deposited the mortal remains of Sarah Anne, the beloved wife of " Robert Woodgate, who died July 2, 185 1, aged 55." " Sacred to the memory of Sarah, the wife of Joseph Wilsmore, formerly of Scotland " Street, in this parish, who departed this life Feby i, 1840, aged 71." " In memory of Joseph Wilsmore, who departed this life Dec'' 15, 1821, aged 52." " Sacred to the memory of Mr. Thomas Wilsmore, who departed this life June 21, 181 5, " aged 82." •' In memory of Hannah Webb, wife of James Webb, of Dedham, who died Oct. 7, " 1850, aged 6^, daughter of Groves Baker, who lies also interred here, " aged 63." " In memory of Susannah, wife of Thomas Wilson, who died April 12, 1846, " aged 75." " Also of Thomas Wilson, who died Oct. 22, 1858, aged 8y." " Sarah Wilson,— 1869." " In memory of Mary Ward, wife of George Ward, who died July 1 1, 1741, aged 74." " In memory of John Wass, who departed this life May li, 178 1, aged 27." " In memory of Isaac Wass, who departed this life Feb"^ 20, 1761, aged 39." " In memory of Susan Wass, the wife of the said Isaac Wass, who departed this life " Sepf^ 25, 1 78 1, aged 66." " In memory of Susan, the daughter of Robert and Susan Wright, who departed this " life December 28, 1799, aged 27." " In memory of Susan, the wife of Robert Wright, who departed this life April i, 1794, " aged 48." " In memory of Robert Wright, who departed this life May 16, 1825, aged 79." " Sacred to the memory of Mary, wife of Robert Wright, sen'", formerly wife of James " Drew, who departed this life March 21, 1858, aged 84." 96 STOKE BY NAYLAND. " In memory of Joseph Wilson, of this parish, who died August 3, 1798, aged 60." " Sacred to the memory of Ann Ram Wilson, relict of Robert Wilson, Esq"", of Trevalyan, " in the county of Denbigh, who died at Higham, Jan. 8, 1838, in the 8ist year of " her age." " In memory of Fanny Wilson, 2nd daughter of Robert and Ann Ram Wilson, born " Dec. 10, 1793, died Feb. 15, 1869. A tribute of affection from Lucy, her sorrowing " and sole surviving sister." " In memory of Lucy Wilson, who died Aug** 4, 1876, aged 79." " In affectionate remembrance of Eliza Wakeling (late of Bermondsey), who departed " this hfe Oct. 27, 1874, aged 34." " Sacred to the memory of Lucy Anne, the beloved wife of Charles Worters, of Shelley, " in this county, died October 18, 1850, aged 48." APPENDIX :o:- Catalogue of the books called the Stoke Library, kept in the room over the South Porch of the Church, The greater part, if not the whole of tJiese, was given by the Rev. Thomas Reeve, Vicar from 1685 to 17 19. Pole's Synopsis Collin's Dictionary ... Capellus' Commentary Gregory's Greek Testament Baxter's Christian Directory. Grimstone's Estates, Empires and Principalities of the World. Hammond's Practical Discourses Heyleyn's Cosmography ... Mathew Paris' Lives of the two Ofifars, Kings of Mercia The Histories of Guicarden and Italian Warres ... The Works of Mr. William Allen Plutarch's Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans, translated by Sir Thomas North, Knt. Du Pin's Ecclesiastical History, in- complete, vols. I, 3, 7, II Hammond's Paraphrase on the New Testament. Cell's Remains. Howel's Synopsis. Archbishop Laud's History of his own Trials and Troubles A collection of cases to recover Dissenters to the Communion of the Church of England, 5 volumes in The Holy Court, 5 Fol. 2 Fol. I Fol. I Fol. Fol. Fol. Fol. Fol. Fol. 4 vols. 2 Fol. I vol. 2 vol I Fol. I vol. I vol. Lavater's Commentary on the Pro- verbs. Laud's Remains Burnett's Exposition of the Thirty- nine Articles, Camden's Britannia... ... ... Du Pin's History of the Canon and Writers of the O. & N. Testa- ment, incomplete Course of Lectures on the Church Catechism, incomplete Lot of State Trials. Pearson's Exposition of the Creed. The works of that faithful and painful preacher Mr. Elmethan Parr. Calvin's Commentary on the Pen- tateuch. Erasmus' Commentary on the N. T, Ancient Manuscripts ... ... 2 vols. More's modest enquiry into the Mystery of Iniquity. Certaine Sermons or Homilies ap- pointed to be read in Churches. Johannes Selden de Jure Naturali. The Religion of Protestants a safe way to Salvation. Lord St. Alban's Historie of the reign of Henry VII. Cotton's Concordance. O 98 STOKE BY NAYLAND. Earl of Monmouth's Advertisements from Parnassus. Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Life and reign of Henry VHI. Sir Henry Wotton's State of Christ- endom. Collection of the Fathers Quetin, Tatian, Theophilus, &c. ... iQto. The Church Catechism explained. De rebus Marci Antonini Impera- toris. Du Pin's Antiqua Ecclesiae Dis- ciplina. Life of Petrarch and Laura. Thesaurus Concionum Sacrarum Omnigenarum. Leighton's Practiones Theologicae. Stilling Fleet's Unreasonableness of Separation. Critical inquiries into the various editions of the Bible. Leighton on St. Peter ... ... 2 vols. A Geometrical Practical Treatise. A brief account of Ancient Church Government. Dr. Gunning's Paschal or Lent Feast. Whiston's Chronology. Explicatio Decalogi. Memoirs and Observation on China. Apology for the Honors and Re- venues of the Clergy. The works of Tatian and Hermes. Defence of 3 Letters to a Dissenter. Civil Polity. A Treatise on the nature of Government. A collection of Articles, Canons, and Injunctions. Defence of a book entitled "The Snake in the Grass." Lives of Pope Clement XI and his College of Cardinals. Calvin's Institutio Christianae Re- ligionis. The Snake in the Grass. Jacobi Rohaulti Physica. Rights of the Clergy of the Christian Church. The complete History of Sweden. De Wit on the Republic of Holland. Answer to the Dissenters' Plea for Separation. Rights, Powers, and Privileges of an English Convocation. Wake's Authority of Christian Rulers, &c. King de Origine Mali. On Natural and Revealed Religion. Kettlewell's Helps and Exhortations to Communicants. Jenkin's Reasonableness and Cer- ■ tainty of the Christian Religion 2 vols. Reply to Nelson's objections. Marcus Antoninus' Conversations with himself Kennett's Ecclesiastical Synods. The Annals of the Church. Whiston's Boyle's Lectures. The English Historical Library ... 3 vols. Libertas Ecclesiastica. Discourses on several Texts of Scripture. Life of Bishop Bedell. ^ Bertram on the Eucharist. Septuagint Bell Edition. An Apology for the Church of England. Stranchius' Chronology. Description of the Seats (?) of War. Bingham's Origines Ecclesiasticse. rifi-yrtr "■iMn-iim— rsT^ie - High - Church Hieroglyphick Reprefented in the Sign of the f E MB L E fc-^- ;J?utupatan Inn in STOKE hy ^N aland, m StihlL^ An EXPLANATION of the E M B L E M E. BEIiolJ the CbMrch, which Come Men fay hjs PiooJ, Unmov'd trom Tiims before tlu- mijjhty F'ooJ : Its Bafis laiJ in the Aufpicious Reijjn Of thaj moft Glorious Murdcriiip Monarch Cjin ; By Mucdtriog Levitet then, I'oficfs'J and Rul'd, VyWIe'Pfogcrv, till now, the I'eopic Culld. Its.vaft Foundation to great Dipths they ti>c, , Down to the very Banks of Sulph'roii? Siix ; Whole Fiery Waves with Hideous Noifc do Roar, Admit no Bounds, but warp away the Shore : ht Spires above the Clouds they Proudly rear, Cover'd about by Pcmonr of the Air. This is Higb-Chnrch, as its Vtvoles her call ; This I* the Church you fee enclin'd to Fall. . Stay, Paflcnger, a while the LMBLEMF. view. Say, Ir't a Chnrch that's Fslje, or One thit's true f If True, (Ik's out of Danger of a Fall j 'CaioA bcr the Power ot He// can ne'er i>reT;ul : If Falfc, -at we lave by Fxpericnce found, BhA be die Haod* flail rafc her to the Crouod. I Prepoft'rous Sight ! That Dc^'ils lliou'd tnvade, j And Spoil the Work that their own Hands have nude. Yis, Speflator, Prepoft'rous is the S IG N, That thofc who Built the Omrth iTiouId IINDjEJiUIKE; "Tis not liifcrnjl De'ils, nor thofe.tlut Fly. But irs own 6ins has weigh'd its Spires awry. Next view its Sons, the BKtireJTes o'tbe Dome, How they with Zial to its Afliftancc come; With Brawny Shoulders ftrivc to underprop, And keep the vaft declining Fabrick Up ; T!ic Hrj^ly-TintivyrFricpty the Ttckjir^-Ehtt, Who would, to Ruin EugUnd, Damn them(elv». See the Non-Cons, and Sloderate-Chnrchmtn LaueK, To find thenifdvcs, by High-Church Fall, more Ufe Tbut ftrtMt thrives when Vict is moft fuppreft. And Hell reftrain'd, »ddi Numbers to the Bleft. Let Hi^lj-Church ftaad, or lit it tumble down, - . « Its Peoples Folly in their Motto's flwwji, "*" , I Who taiie a Rsfwg for * Sating Sm. - f LON DO:^, I'tiatdi in the Year 1 7 o ». E iVl B L E M STOKE BY NAYLAND. 99 Two Letters of Advice. Lectiones in Psalmos. Collatio veteris Interpretis cura Bezae. J. C. Drusii animadversionum Libri Duo. Debate between Conformist and Nonconformist. Defence of the English Translation of the Bible. Letters of a Spy at Paris ... ... 2 vols. On Genesis. Kennett's Antiquities. The following extract from the catalogue of prints and drawings in the British Museum, Political and Personal Series, printed by order of the Trustees, 1873, Vol. II, from 1689-1733, will explain the curious picture on the opposite page. The photo- graph is taken from a print in my possession : — " The year 1706 was signalized in the history of English satire, by the appearance of a large number of pictorial attacks on the leaders and objects of the opposed sections, respectively styled the High Church and Low Church parties. Dr. Sacheverell was assailed in * Needs must when the Devil drives,' and in ' The Great Llama and the ' three Oculists," where he was associated with Reed and Grant, two notorious quack doctors. Dr. Sacheverell's antagonist. Dr. Hoadly, was the subject of attack in * Like coachman, like cause,' No. 1,447, where he rides postilion with the Devil and blows 'Tantara Low Church' on a horn. No. 1,465, thus described, in this catalogue, is entitled ' The High Church Hieroglyphick,' represented in the sign of the embleme put up at an inn, Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk. The engraving represents a high road opposite to an inn, in front of which a large sign is suspended. On this is depicted a falling church, supported by two Bishops and other Ecclesiastics, over whom is a sun issuing from the clouds, with this motto, 'We shall rise.' Higher up is a meridian sun, with the motto, ' We are risen.' Standing and looking on are a group of per.sons, some in clerical, some in lay dresses, but all with bands rou'nd their necks. Below the church are demons with spades and pickaxes. In the road in front of the inn, and under the sign, appear several persons on foot and horseback, who, while passing, look up at the sign, a man stands at the door of an inn and smokes a pipe of tobacco, a lady stands in the balcony, which is on the first floor of the inn ; then follows a rhyming explanation of the embleme. The size of the engraving is 8f in. by 5| in." I find in the Overseers' and Churchwardens' books no allusion to any exhibition of party or political feeling in the year 1706. It is evident, however, from the collections made through briefs, that there were two parties in the parish, Protestant and Anti- Protestant ; Sir C. Umfreville headed one, the Vicar, the Mannocks, and Mr. Hall the other, and ten years later the Vicar is taxed in all parish rates and taxes, from which he had hitherto been exempted. This broadside shows that in 1706 this party feeling must have risen to a great height. The Umfrevilles took an active part in parish matters as far back as Dowsing's visit, O 2 J lOO STOKE BY NAYLAND. February 21, 1644, as this extract from his journal will show: — "At Mr. Thomas " Humberfield's or Sumberfield's, I brake down 9 superstitious pictures, and a crucifix " in the parish of Stoke — he refused to pay the 6s. 8d. — this was in the Lord Windsor's " Chapel." Against the wall at the west end of the south chapel hung a frame of wood with these words painted in black letters on a gold ground : — " To the memory of Elizabeth Umfreville, wife of William Umfreville, who died " April 28th, 1645, aetatis 38. Arms above gules, a cinquefoil with an orle of 8 crosses " impaling vert a griffin segerant holding in his dentant paw a fleur de lis. Crest out of " a ducal coronet or an eagle's head, arg." This is a kind of hatchment — " The Umfrevilles were said to be of the ancient house of Umfreville, Earl of " Angus. Charles Umfreville, of Stoke by Nayland, was knighted May 12th, 1661. " He was the son of William Umfreville, of Langham, in Essex. " Thomas Umfreville, son of Thomas Umfreville, whom some think to be of an " ancient family, was a taylour, and raised an estate, which before was come to a small " matter, and lived at Stoke in 1655." — From Davy's Collectanea. The hatchments having been broken and defaced during the restoration of the church, I have had the anastatic drawing made of it which is given here. The pane of glass with the motto " Disce pati," etc., of which a drawing is given, was the only fragment of painted glass left when the church was restored in 1866. The population of Stoke taken in the census of 185 1, was 1,406; in 1871, 1,174. In 20 years the decrease was 232 inhabitants. Explanation of some Words used in this Compilation. " Manor," from the French manoir, a word brought in by the Normans, the place of residence of the chief lord. The constitution of a manor was this: The king granted to some baron or military man a certain circuit of ground for him or his heirs to dwell upon and to enjoy, holding some part in demesne to their own use and occupation, and letting out others to free or servile tenants, who were to do their suit and service at the court of the said manor, now called the Lord's Court, or Court Baron. " Demesne," from Latin dominion, that part of the estate which the lord keeps in his own hands, or to his own use ; the land adjoining the manor which the lord did not let out to feudatory or servile tenants, but rather cultivated it himself, or assigned to tenants at will. " Soca," from the Saxon foc, right and jurisdiction. " Saca," the power and privilege of hearing and determining causes, levying forfeitures and fines, &c., within a certain precinct. " Soca," was the territory or precinct in which the " Saca " was exercised. " Socage," was a tenure of land by which a man was enfeoffed freely or in fee .u> u X i-r ^^1 Jfv^ ~?"^ 1^.-^^ ^^. ^ ^ v^i ^. j-4 V^ !-■ ^ H, >4 4^ (;j s» ^j i^ .