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 http://www.archive.org/details/blairschronologiOOblairich 
 

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BLAIR'S CHRONOLOGY 
 
 ENLARGED. 
 
 fig" O* THS 
 
-i n 
 
 Neque enim res humani, ita imperiis aut regionibus divisae sunt, ut non habeant multa 
 connexa; quare juvat certe, fata aliqui saeculo aut aetati destinata, veluti una Tabula 
 contenti et descripta intueri. 
 
 Bacon De Augmentis Scientiarum, lib. ii. cap. viii. 
 
-ft'\^ n *r 
 
 BLAIR'S 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL 
 
 TABLES, 
 
 THE CREATION TO THE PR 
 
 IME 
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS FROM THE 
 MOST AUTHENTIC WRITERS; 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 THE COMPUTATION OF ST. PAUL, 
 
 AS CONNECTING 
 
 THE PERIOD FROM THE EXODE TO THE TEMPLE. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR 
 
 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, 
 
 PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 1844. 
 

 LONDON: COOK AND CO., PRINTERS, 
 76, FLEET STREET. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Dr. Blair's Chronological Tables have long been the favourite Manual of Readers of 
 History ; and though for nearly a century their utility has been considerably obstructed by their 
 ponderous form, they have survived the changes of literary fashion, and are still in the hands 
 of every student. 
 
 The outline of the original Work is unique. But the Tables were restricted both as to 
 matter and extent by the process of engraving, which the inefficient state of letterpress-printing 
 then imposed upon the Author. Many valuable materials were left untouched, and much 
 information suppressed which might otherwise have been made available, and which can now 
 be included by the later improvements in typography. What Dr. Blair could have effected 
 under more favourable circumstances will now be expected by the reader, and has been the 
 study of the Editor to supply, with what ability is in his power, and with the aid of such 
 writers of authority as have appeared since the time of the Author. But, however the Work 
 may have been revised or extended, the merit of the superstructure is justly due to the name 
 of Blair, and will long remain an enduring Monument to his Memory. 
 
 The present Volume has been re-constructed from the folio Edition by a literary 
 friend, who is disinclined at a late period of life, to appear publicly as the Editor of a critical 
 Work. The thorough revision of the Manuscript, and its transit through the press, having been 
 intrusted to myself, will justify my signature to the Preface, and may be taken to express my perfect 
 confidence of its general accuracy and character. It ought not, however, to be forgotten, that 
 the labour of carrying out the Tables (a task far more complicated than might be inferred 
 from their symmetrical appearance), is to be ascribed entirely to my friend, to whom properly 
 belongs the credit of having revived and enlarged a very valuable Work. 
 
 HENRY ELLIS. 
 
 British Museum, 
 April 8, 1844. 
 
ON THE 
 
 PERIOD FROM THE EXODE TO THE TEMPLE 
 
 TABLE III. 
 
 Biblical readers, who connect Chronology with their research, are aware that the 
 479 years, as stated in 1 Kings vi. 1, 'in the 480th year,' and known as the 'Period from the 
 Exode to the Temple,' are too few to include the full number of Events in the interval between 
 the Division of Lands and the election of Saul, as recorded in the Book of Judges, and 
 1 Samuel vii. 5. ; and that 100 years above the number supplied by the text in 1 Kings have 
 been expressly assigned to this interval by St. Paul, Acts xiii. 20. 
 
 The whole number assigned to this interval, or Inner Period, by St. Paul, is 450 years. 
 The 479 years in 1 Kings vi., when the numbers which are common to both computations in 
 Table III. are withdrawn — the years of the Exode and the Division, before the Inner Period, 
 and those of Saul, David, and Solomon, after it — leave but 350 years. 
 
 (The 40 years of Saul not in the Old Testament are also separately stated by the 
 Apostle, Acts xiii. 21 ; but as they are included in both computations in Table III. they do not 
 enter into the present explanation.) 
 
 Archbishop Usher, who restricts his computation to the numbers in the Old Testament, 
 comprises the Events between the Division of Lands, and the election of Saul, within the space 
 of these 350 years. But the numbers in the Book of Judges, as far as they are declared — 
 390 years — are explicit ; and 20 years remain due to the time of the Ark at Kirjath-Jearim in 
 the first Book of Samuel. 
 
 Usher rightly excludes the 40 years of Eli, 1 Sam. vii. The government of Eli as a 
 Judge, he considers as merged within the function of the priesthood, the 20 years of the 
 ascendant authority of Samson excepted. But the 100 years of St. Paul are passed, as having 
 reference, in his opinion, to an earlier period, ' not,' as Bishop Gray observes, ' the best 
 supported by authority.' 
 
 St. Paul delivers 450 years for the interval or ' Inner Period.' — The 390 years being 
 applied to the Judges as above, and 20 to the time of the Ark, the 40 years remaining are 
 assigned (28) and (12) to the two known chasms in Scripture Chronology. But this division 
 of these 40 years must ever remain open to inquiry. 
 
 Usher very properly includes, as remarked above, the Secular duty of Eli, within the 
 office of the Priesthood. ' When the Lord raised them up Judges, then the Lord was with 
 the Judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the Judge.' 
 Judges xi. 18. But the events of the latter days of Eli, and the catastrophe of his death, lead 
 
us to infer that, although he ended his life in the Priesthood, his authority as a Judge was 
 incidental only. Doubtless, Othniel and Ehud, Deborah, Gideon, and Jephthah, were under 
 the influence and protection of the Divine power. In the expressive words of the text, they 
 ' were Judges the Lord was with.' Such could not have been the course of Eli according to 
 the context, which sanctions the omission rather than the insertion of his years as a Judge in 
 the Chronology of the Period. 
 
 It is the primary object in the following tables, to place these numbers in juxta-position 
 to each other. To the adjustment of the Chronology of the Old, by the numbers supplied by the 
 New Testament, no possible objection can be raised. No unauthorized years are added. But 
 a single year, which Usher, in his collation of the reigns in Israel and Judah appears to have 
 passed, has been taken from the computation of Mr. Clinton. The 101 years then ascend 
 through, and are added to every date from • the Division,' to the Creation, when archbishop 
 Usher's date is raised from 4004 to B. C. 4105. 
 
 The editor has taken a somewhat different view of the Computation of St. Paul from that 
 of Mr. Clinton in his ' Fasti Hellenici ;' but he feels it due to that gentleman, to express his full 
 acknowledgments for the large assistance the present volume has received from that invaluable 
 work. 
 
N°I. 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AN 
 
 1 
 
 ■a 
 o 
 *C 
 o 
 fi 
 
 3 
 
 CENTURIES 
 BEFORE CHRIST 
 
 THE PATRIARCHS TO THE BIRTH OF ABRAHAM 
 
 714 
 
 XLth CENTURY — 4000 + 4 
 
 4004 THE CREATION— Adam — Fall of Man, according to Abp. Usher 
 
 Computation ascending from the Period by St. Paul, B. C. 4 
 
 3874 Adam, art. 130 at the birth of Seth — Adam died 3704, — set. 930 i 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 3769 Seth, set. 105 at the birth of Enos — Seth died 2962, — art. 912 ' 
 
 * 
 
 3679 Enos, aet. 90 at the birth of Cainan — Enos died 2864, — set. 905 i 
 
 3609 Cainan, art. 70 at the birth of Mahalaleel — Cainan died 2769, — aet. 910 I 
 
 1114 
 
 XXXVI th CENTURY — 5000 
 
 • 
 
 3544 Mahalaleel, art. 65 at the birth of Jared — Mahalaleel died 2714,— set. 895 I 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 • 
 
 • 
 
 3382 Jared, art. 162 at the birth of Enoch — Jared died 2582,— art. 962 I 
 
 3317 Enoch, ait. 65 at the birth of Methuselah i 
 
 • 
 
 • 
 
 1514 
 
 XXXII nd CENTURY — 3200 
 
 * 
 
 3130 Methuselah, art. 187 at the birth of Lamech — Methuselah died 2348,— at. 969 I 
 
 « 
 
 » 
 
 3017 Enoch, • translated art. 365 i 
 
 2948 Lamech, set. 182 at the birth of Noah — Lamech died 2353,— art. 777 i 
 
 * 
 
 • 
 
 • 
 
 1914 
 
 XXVIII th CENTURY — 2800 
 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 2448 Noah art. 500 . . .at the birth of Shem — Noah died 1998, — art. 950 2 
 
 2314 
 
 XXIV th CENTURY — 2400 
 
 The dispersion of mankind after 
 Babel in the time of Peleg. 
 
 The celestial observations at Baby- 
 lon, as reported by Callisthenes 
 to Aristotle, commence B.C. 2233. 
 
 The conquest of Babylon by the 
 Medes, is also referred by Nie- 
 buhrto this date. 'The highest 
 point to which any profane ac- 
 counts will carry us.' 
 
 2348 Noah, jet. 600 at the DELUGE = 1656 years, the ANTEDILUVIAN PERIOD. 
 
 2346 Shem, art. (100 &) 2 at the birth of Arphaxad. Shem . . died 1846,— at. 602 2 
 
 2311 Arphaxad, art. 35 birth of Salah. Arphaxad died 1908,— set. 438 2 
 
 2281 Salah, art. 30 birth of Heber. Salah . . died 1878, — aet. 433 2 
 
 2247 Heber, aet. 34 birth of Peleg. Heber. . died 1817,— aet. 464 2 
 
 2217 Peleg, at. 30 birth of Reu. Peleg . . died 2008, — aet. 239 2 
 
 2185 Reu, set. 32 birth of Serug. Reu . . died 1978,— aet 239 2 
 
 2155 Serug, aet. 30 birth of Nahor. Serug . . died 1955, — aet. 230 2 
 
 2126 Nahor, aet. 29 birth of Terah. Nahor. . died 2007, — aet. 148 2 
 
 1996 Terah, aet. 130 birth of Abraham = 352 y. the POSTDILUVIAN PERIOD. 2 
 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° II. 
 
 i 
 
 CENTURIES 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 BEFORE CHRIST 
 
 THE BIRTH OF ABRAHAM TO THE EXODE 
 
 
 -11 
 
 XX th CENTURY 2000 
 
 1996 BIRTH OF ABRAHAM Genesis XI. 27 
 
 1986 Birth of Sarah, — ten years younger XVII. 17 
 
 21st Cent B. C. 
 
 2097 
 2087 
 
 
 
 1921 Terah dies, — mt. 205 XI. 32 
 
 
 
 2022 
 
 
 
 1921 The Call of Abraham, — aet 75 xil. 1, 4 
 
 
 
 2022 
 
 
 
 1910 Birth of Ishmael,— Abraham aet 86 XVI. 16 
 
 
 
 2011 
 
 
 
 ] v 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 XIX th CENTURY 1900 
 
 1897 The Covenant renewed, — Abraham set. 99 XVII. 1 
 
 1896 Birth of Isaac, — Abraham set. 100 XVII. 17 
 
 1859 Sarah dies, set 127 XXIII. — 1, 2 
 
 20th Cent 
 
 1998 
 1997 
 
 1960 
 
 
 
 1856 Marriage of Isaac, — aet 40 XXV. 20 
 
 
 
 1957 
 
 
 
 1836 Birth of Esau and Jacob, — Isaac aet. 60 XXV. 26 
 
 
 1937 
 
 
 
 1821 Abraham dies, — let 175 XXV. 7, 8 
 
 
 1922 
 
 M 
 
 XVIIIth CENTURY 1800 
 
 1796 First marriage of Esau, — aet 40 XXVI. 34 
 
 1773 Ishmael dies, — aet. 137 XXV. — 17 
 
 19th Cent 
 
 1897 
 1874 
 
 
 
 1759 Jacob goes to Haran, — aet, 77 XXVIIL — 10 
 
 
 
 1860 
 
 
 
 1745 Birth of Joseph, — Jacob aet. 91 XXX 23 
 
 
 
 1846 
 
 
 
 1739 Jacob returns to Canaan,— aet. 97 XXXL — 41 
 
 
 
 1840 
 
 
 Phoroneus, King of Argos, circa 
 
 B.C. 1753 — 1697 
 Inachus, the father of Phoroneus, 
 
 is the highest term in Grecian 
 
 history. 
 
 1728 Joseph sold into Egypt, — aet 17 XXXVII. — 2 
 1716 Isaac dies, — set. 180 XXXV. — 28 
 1715 Joseph governor of Egypt, — aet. 30 XLI. — 46 
 
 
 
 1829 
 1817 
 1816 
 
 
 1706 Jacob goes into Egypt,— aet 130 ' . XLVII. — 9 
 
 
 
 1807 
 
 14 
 
 XVIIth CENTURY 1700 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1689 Jacob dies, —aet. 147 XLVII. — 28 
 
 18th Cent. 
 
 1790 
 
 
 
 1635 Joseph dies,— «t. 110 (144 years before the Exode) L. — 26 
 
 
 1736 
 
 
 
 The ages of Levi, Kohath, and Amram, 137, 133, and 137 years respectively, 
 will be found in Exodus VI. 16, 18, 20 ; but on the principal point of 
 inquiry, the age of each father at the birth of his son, the sacred historian 
 is silent. For four generations they cannot be known. The Scripture 
 Chronology is broken in the division of time by this mode of computation, 
 but it is sustained in the longer period by the years from the Call to the 
 Exode, as is seen below. 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 XVI th CENTURY 1600 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1574 Birth of Aaron, — 115 years after the death of Jacob Exodus VII. — 7 
 
 17th Cent. 
 
 1675 
 
 
 
 1571 Birth of Moses,— 80 years before the Exode VIL — 7 
 
 
 
 1672 
 
 
 
 1531 Flight of Moses to Midian, — aet. 40 II. — 15,22 
 
 
 
 1632 
 
 
 
 1491 THE EXODE, 430 years after the Call of Abraham XII. — 41 
 
 
 
 1592 
 
 
 
 *** The Birth of Abraham to the Call 75 y. + 430 y. to the Exode = 505 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
N° III. 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 >-> 
 
 CENTURIES 
 BEFORE CHRIST 
 
 Abp. 
 Ushei 
 B.C. 
 
 THE EXODE TO THE 
 
 BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE 
 
 I 
 
 3214 
 
 XVth CENTURY 1500 
 
 1491 
 
 THE EXODE, — 430 years after 'The Call* 40 years Exodus XII. — 41 16th Cent. B. 
 
 
 
 1451 
 
 Miriam dies. — Aaron dies, art. 123 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 1451 
 
 Moses dies, in the 11th month, at. 120 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 1451 
 
 Joshua, to the Division of Lands — Caleb 
 
 6 years Joshua XIV. — 10 — 
 
 
 
 1445 
 
 Caleb, set. 85, to the First Servitude 
 The 1st Servitude, MESOPOTAMIA 
 
 ( 28 years ) — 
 8 years Judges III. — 8 — 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 Othniel, — 'the land had rest 
 
 40 years* III. — 11 — 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 The Ilnd Servitude, MOAB 
 
 18 years III. — 14 15th Cent — 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 Ehud, — ' the land had rest 
 
 80 years ' III. — 30 — 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Shamgar, — 'he also delivered Israel' 
 
 
 3314 
 
 XlVth CENTURY 1400 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 
 a, 
 
 m 
 5 
 
 The Illrd Servitude, CANAAN 
 
 20 years IV. 3 — 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 £ 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 Deborah and Barak, — 'the land had rest 
 
 40 years' V. — 31 — 
 
 
 
 .2 
 
 *■ 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 The IVth Servitude, MIDI AN 
 
 7 years VI. — I — 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Gideon, — ' the country was in quietness 
 
 40 years' VIII. — 28 
 
 3414 
 
 XIII th CENTURY 1300 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 Abimelech, — ' reigned 
 
 3 years ' IX. — 22 — 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 £ 
 
 Tola, — 'judged Israel 
 
 23 years ' X. — 2 — 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 Jair, — 'judged Israel 
 
 22 years ' X. — 3 
 
 
 
 -a 
 
 3 
 "u 
 
 c 
 
 The Vth Servitude, AMMON 
 
 18 years X. — 8 
 
 3614 
 
 XII th CENTURY 1200 
 
 
 Jephthah, — 'judged Israel 
 Ibzan, — 'judged Israel 
 
 6 years' XII. — .7 
 
 7 years ' XII. — 9 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Elon, — 'judged Israel 
 
 10 years ' XII. — 11 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 Abdon, — 'judged Israel 
 
 8 years ' XII. — 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eli, — ' he had judged Israel — 40 years ' . . 
 
 
 
 
 ."" 
 
 
 . . . . during the 6th Servitude 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 The Vlth Servitude, PHILISTINES 
 
 40 years XIII. — 1 
 
 
 
 C. 
 
 Samson, — ' he judged Israel — 20 years . . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Abode of the Ark in Kirjath-Jearim 
 Samuel, — 'judged Israel in Mizpeh' 
 
 20 years 1 Samuel VI L — 2 
 
 (12 years) VII. — 5 
 
 3614 
 
 XI th CEXTURY 1100 
 
 1095 
 
 Saul anointed King of Israel, — reigns 
 
 40 years Acts XIII. — £1 
 
 
 
 1085 
 
 Birth of David 
 
 
 
 
 
 1055 
 
 David, King at Hebron, — reigns 
 
 7 years 1 King* II. — 11 
 
 
 
 1048 
 
 David, King at Jerusalem, — reigns 
 
 33 years 
 
 
 
 1033 
 
 Birth of Solomon 
 
 
 
 
 
 1015 
 
 Solomon, King of Israel — reigns 
 
 3 years 
 
 
 
 1012 
 
 THE TEMPLE is then commenced 
 *** The Exode to the Temple,— St Paul, 
 Abp. Usher, as derived from 1 Kings, 
 * The date of the Temple, B. C. 
 
 in the 4th year VI. — 1 
 
 579 y. + 1013 the date below, = 1592 the date above. 
 479 y. + 1012 the date below, = 1491 the date above. 
 1013, is taken from the computation of Mr. Clinton. 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°3 
 
 CENTURIES 
 BEFORE CHRIST 
 
 r th CENTURY 
 
 Vth CENTURY 
 
 1400 
 
 II th CENTURY 
 
 13U0 
 
 Ith CENTURY 
 
 KINGS OF SPARTA 
 
 4 Aristodemus, 5 or 4 y. 
 
 D Eurystenes, 1100 Procles, 
 42 y. 41 y. 
 
 8 Agis,34y.? 
 
 4 Echestratus 
 35 y. 
 
 1059 Sous, ? yrs. 
 
 — Eurvpon, 
 ?yrs. 
 
 DANAUS— FALL OF TROY— THE HERACLID^ 
 
 *** (The dates between parentheses imply, that the time is computed by 
 generations only.) 
 
 (1460) Danaiis in Argos. — Gelanor King of Argos (Pelasgus IV.) displaced by Danaiis. — 
 Pelasgus V. from whom the Arcadian Kings. 
 
 (1433) Deucalion, the reputed founder of the Hellenes. — The Flood of Deucalion is 
 generally placed in Thessaly, and seems to have been gradually invested with 
 circumstances of the general deluge. 
 
 (1383) Erectheus, or Erecthonius, King of Athens. — He appears to be described as a 
 native chief of Ionian race. — 
 Dardanus, founder of the Trojan dynasty. 
 
 (1333) Azan, Aphidas, Elatus — Arcadian chiefs — supposed sons of Areas, from whom the 
 
 Arcadian dynasty. 
 (1313) Cadmus. — The introduction of letters ascribed to Cadmus by Herodotus, Sophocles, 
 
 Ephorus, Aristotle, and Dionysius, is differently assigned by Euripides and others. 
 
 (1283) Pelops in Pisatis — the patriarch of the later kings of Argos and Mycenje. 
 
 (1261) Birth of Hercules at Thebes. 
 
 1256 The naval dominion and legislation of Minos. 
 
 (1241) War of Hercules with Erginus, in which Amphitryon was slain. 
 
 1239 War of Hercules in Pylos when Nestor was young. 
 
 (1225) The Argonautic expedition to; Colchis. — The Trojan expedition by Hercules. 
 
 1213 First Theban war. — 1212 Murder of Iphitus by Hercules in the youth of Ulysses. 
 
 1209 Death of Hercules on m. OSta.— The Heraclida? driven from Tiryns by Eurystheus. 
 
 1200 Accession of Agamemnon. — 1198 Second Theban war. 
 
 1192 Tke Trojan expedition (9 y. lm.) — 1183 FALL OF TROY. 
 
 1176 Orestes reigns in Argos in the 8th year. 
 
 1169 The Lydians first held dominion on the sea, 1169 — 1178. 
 
 1154 Second attempt of the Heraclidae under Cleodasus. 
 
 1124 Third expedition by the Heraclidas under Aristomachus. — The Thessali occupy 
 Thessaly. — The Bceoti return to Bceotia in the 60th year. — Eolic migration 
 under Penthilus. 
 
 1104 Return of the Heraclidae in the 80th year. — Melanthus, of Eolian descent, elected 
 
 King of Athens. 
 
 1077 The Pelasgi obtain the empire of the sea, 1077 — 993. 
 
 1074 Aletes obtains Corinth. — 1074 Migration of Theras. 
 
 1053 Lesbos occupied 130 years after the Trojan Era. 
 
 1045 Death of Codrus King of Athens. — 1044 Ionic migration, .ed by Neleus, 60 y. 
 
 1033 Cyme founded, 150 years after the Era. [after ' the Return.' 
 
 1015 Smyrna founded 168 years after the Era. 
 
 GRECIAN DYNASTIES, 
 Vide Supp. Tab. III. 
 
 1237 Commencement of the Assy- 
 rian empire, circa — 
 
 1207 Eurystheus slain by Hyllus. — 
 Atreus succeeds Eurystheus 
 
 at Mycense and Tiryns. 
 1203 First attempt by the Herac- 
 lida; at the Isthmus. — Hyllus 
 slain by Echemus King of 
 Tegea. 
 
 CORINTH 
 
 1104 Hippothus 
 living at 
 
 'the Return' 
 
 and 30 y. 
 
 after 
 
 1074 Aletes, 40, 
 or 38 y. 
 
 1034 Ixion, 38 y 
 
 ATHENS 
 
 1104 Melanthus 
 ? yrs. 
 
 — Codrus 
 
 ? his time be- 
 tween Melan- 
 thus and 3Ie- 
 don 
 
 ARCHONS 
 
 1045 Medon, 
 20 y. 
 
 1025 Acastus, 
 36 y. 
 

B.C 1753—055 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL I 
 
 1783 
 
 1583 
 
 1483 
 
 1383 
 
 10S3 
 
 983 
 
 883 
 
 783 
 
 683 
 
 600 
 
 500 
 
 400 
 
 300 
 
 200 
 
 300 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 
 THE GRECIAN DYNASTIES 
 
 (Inajhus) 
 t Phoroneus cir. B.C 1753 
 (Niobe) 
 
 Pelasgus + Argus 
 
 I 
 
 + Criasus 
 f Phorbas 
 f Triopas 
 
 PelasgusII. (Messene) f Iasus f Agenor 
 
 Lanssa Io f Crotopas 
 
 f Sthenelus 
 
 -i 
 
 Achasus Phthius Pelasgus III 
 l'hthius 
 
 Haemon Pelasgus + Pelasgus IV. — Gelanor + Danatis cir. B.C. 1460 
 
 I V. I 
 
 Hellen 
 
 Thessalus (Lycaon) 
 
 I i i 1 
 
 Gra;cus Nyctimus Peucetius CEnotrus 
 
 (Ca'.listo) 
 
 Areas f Acrisius 
 
 Hypermnestra m f Lynci 
 f Abas 
 
 i Cacimus cir. 1313 
 
 I 
 $ Polydorous 
 
 \ Labdacus 
 
 ; , Laius 
 
 ^ fEriipug 
 
 + Aphidas 
 4- Aleus 
 
 Elatus 
 
 Stymphelus 
 
 Azan cir. 
 1333 
 
 Danae 
 % Perseus 
 
 1 
 
 f Proetus 
 
 t Megape 
 f Anaxag 
 
 Cepheus + Lycurgus Agamedes 
 Aeropus An J ffiug 
 
 i, Polynices \ Kteocles + Echemus 
 $ Thersander Laodamas 
 
 & Tisamenus 
 
 I 
 \ Autesion 
 
 + Agapenor 
 
 Theras Argia= Aristodemus 
 
 GSolycus 
 
 Telemachus Clytius 
 JEgeus Chalciopeus 
 
 Cercyon 
 
 4- Hippothus 
 
 4- iEpytus 
 
 | 
 + Cypselus 
 
 + Laias 
 4- Bucolion 
 4- Phintas 
 4- Simus 
 4- Pompus 
 4- JEginetes 
 
 J Electryon Alcaus J Sthenelus + Alector K 
 Alcmena = Amphytrion 
 
 Hercules, 1241 J Eurystheus .j^J c 
 
 I I >a 
 
 Hereulesob.1209 j Eurys theus ob. 1207 
 
 tc 
 
 Antiochus Tlepolemus 
 Phylas 
 
 Hyllus ob.1203— First 
 attempt at the Isthmus 
 
 Cleodoeus ob. 1154, 2nd Expedi 
 
 Aristomachus ob. 1 124, 3rd Exr 
 
 1104= HippothusfTemenus 
 
 1074 = Aletes f Cisus 
 1034=Ixion fMedon 
 
 996 = Agela» 
 959 = Prumnis 
 
 924 = Bacchis 
 
 Agis || Sous 
 
 Echestratus || Eurypon @ Glaucus 
 
 Labotas || Prytanis (g Isthmiu: 
 
 | Doryssus ^ (Elmomus) <g Dota das 
 
 Euryleon 
 
 living B.C. 740 
 
 Briacas 4- Polymestor 
 4- JEchmis 
 
 4- Aristocrates, 743 
 
 4- Hicetas 
 
 I 
 4- Aristrocrates II. 
 
 living B.C. 667 
 
 859 = Eudemus 
 
 I 
 834 = Aristodemus 
 
 799 = Agemon 
 783 = Alexander 
 
 I 
 758 = Telestes 
 
 i 
 746 = Automenes 
 
 745 — 656— Annual Prytanes 
 
 B.C. 655 = Cypselus, Tab. 8. 
 
 || Aristodemus 
 | Eurysthenes || Procles 
 
 (g Cresphc 
 
 I tli 
 
 <g .iEpytus 
 
 Agesilaiis |( Polj ! dectes 
 
 <g Sybotas 
 
 Archelaus 
 
 Teleclus 
 
 || Charilaiis 
 
 (g Phintas 
 
 || Nicander 
 
 (g Androcles A 
 
 | Alcamenes 
 
 | Polydorous B. C. 742 ob. 744 
 
 || Theopompus 
 B.C. 770 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 3< 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL TO TABLE 111. 
 
 *** The remote dynasties of Argos, Thebes, Arcadia, Athens, and Troy, the dates of 
 which can only be conjectural, are here collected together, with the then average rule — 
 three generations to a century — in the margin ; the Trojan era being that of Eratosthenes. 
 Some exceptions to the rule will appear from the lessened space between the lines. The 
 leading names before the Trojan era, as Danaiis, Deucalion, Erectheus, Dardanus, Areas, 
 Cadmus, Pelops, Hercules, and Agamemnon, are placed in the preceding Table. A few 
 dates have been added between Hercules and Agamemnon where some names occur too 
 near each other for both to range exactly with the marginal scale. This has led to the 
 insertion of other dates with the view of connecting the latter part of these Genealogies 
 more immediately with the Chronological Tables. The mythic or fictitious names are 
 placed within parentheses, but some which remain open are referred to the judgment of 
 the reader. An enlarged view of the subject will be found in the ' Fasti Hellenici,' 
 
 Vide Introd. et seq. vol. L 
 
 Deucalion clr. B.C. 1433 
 
 (Pandion) 
 g> Erechtheus cir. B.C. 1363 
 J) Cecrops II. Pandorus Thestiun Orneus 
 
 Hellen 
 
 JEolus 
 
 Dorus 
 
 Dardanus cir. B.C. 1383 
 
 Erichthonius 
 
 Salmoneus Tectamus 
 
 Tantalus 
 
 Pelops cir. 
 I 1283 
 
 g) Pandion II. 
 
 Peteiis 
 
 Tros 
 
 Tyro 
 
 Pallas 
 
 1 r 
 
 Lycus §) JEgeus 
 
 Neleus 
 
 Atreus in Pisatis 
 
 Asterion 
 
 Minos 
 
 Assarachus 
 
 g) Theseus ? 
 
 Atreus succeeds to Mycenae, 1207 — Thyestes 
 Agamemnon ace. 1200 
 
 i 
 Agamemnon, ob. B.C. 1183 
 Orestes in Mycenae, succeeds to Argos 
 
 Nestor 
 
 g) Menestheus 
 
 Penclymenus 
 
 Penthilus 
 
 J) Demophon Antilochus 
 
 Laomedon Capys 
 
 Priamus Anchises 
 
 Hector 
 
 Boms 
 
 Penthilus, Eolic migr. 1124 
 
 §) Oxyntes 
 
 + tTisa'menus * Aphidas §) Thymcetes 
 
 f J 1 isamenus Interregnum 
 
 Tisamenus, ob. 1 104 ■ 
 
 Ui.lr 
 
 elaiis Damasias 
 itic 'Achaia' 
 
 Ml' 
 
 Agorius 
 
 os' 'Elis' 
 in joins 
 
 ly Oxylus 
 
 Daimenes Sparton Leontomenes Tellis 
 ' 4 sons settle with Damasias in Achaia' 
 
 Cometes 
 migr. to Asia 
 
 . Andropompus 
 . §) Melanthus elect. 1104 
 §) Codrila 
 
 Cnopus Andraemon Nauclus 
 'Erythrae' 'Lebedos' 'Teos' 
 
 Cydrelus 
 'Myus' 
 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 Olonicmigr. 
 
 Promethus Damasichton Androcles Neleus < * Medon — 1044 — 
 'Colophon' 'Colophon' 'Ephesus' 'Miletus' I ... led by Neleus' 
 
 'Priene the 8th colony planted by iEpytus 
 son of Neleus' 
 
 Phrygius iEpytus 
 
 Hippocles Hegetor 
 
 Phobius 
 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 $ Kings of Thebes 
 f Kings of Argos 
 J Kings of Mycenae 
 = Heraclidaj and Bac- 
 chiadae of Corinth 
 
 + Arcadian Kings 
 || Kings of Sparta 
 f) Attic Kings 
 (§ Kings of Messenia 
 * Archons of Athens 
 
 *** The years of the Spartan Kings and the Archons of Athens will be 
 found, as far as they can be applied, in the columns of the succeeding Tables. 
 Their names are here placed, only on an average of years, as are also those of 
 Messenian and Arcadian kings, which, being deficient in numbers, except the 
 terminating dates, could not be given in the Tabular form. 
 
 * Acastus 
 
 * Archippus 
 
 * Thersippus 
 
 * Phorbas 
 
 * Megacles 
 
 * Diognetus 
 
 * Pherecles 
 
 I 
 
 * Ariphron 
 
 * Thespieus 
 
 * Agamestor 
 
 01. 1. * ^Eschylus, B.C. 776 
 
 _ 
 
 soo 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 1483 
 
 a 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 200 
 
 8 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 300 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 400 
 
 u 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 16 
 
 500 
 
 1183 
 
 1083 
 
 983 
 
 783 
 

B.C. 1000—801 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 1 
 
 3714 
 
 CENTURIES 
 BEFORE CHRIST 
 
 Xth CENTURY 
 
 3734 
 
 3754 
 
 3774 
 
 3794 
 
 3834 
 
 3854 
 
 3874 
 
 3894 
 
 IX th CENTURY 
 
 1000 
 
 960 
 
 940 
 
 920 
 
 900 
 
 840 
 
 820 
 
 KINGS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH 
 
 1000 Solomon, set. 34. 
 993 The building of the Temple and the Palace completed in 20 years. 
 
 976 Death of Solomon, aet. 58 — his reign 39 y. 6 m. 
 
 972 Invasion of Shishak, King of Egypt, in the 5th of Rehoboam. 
 
 959 Rehoboam dies, set. 58. 
 955 Jeroboam dies, aet. 43. 
 
 942 Covenant with God in the 15th of Asa. 
 
 941 Asa's league with Ben-Hadad, King of Syria — 16th of Asa. 
 
 930 Ela slain in the 27th of Asa. 
 
 926 Samaria built by Omri in his 7th year. 
 
 922 Asa at war with the Ethiopians. 
 
 918 Asa's last illness— two years. 
 
 913 Book of the Law read in the 3rd of Jehoshaphat. 
 
 KINGS OF 
 ISRAEL 
 
 — Solomon, 16th y. of his i 
 
 JUDAH 
 
 976 Rehoboam, 
 17 yrs. 
 
 959 Abijah, 
 
 3. 
 956 Asa. 41. 
 
 898 Jehoshaphat and Ahab at war with Ben-Hadad, — Ahab slain. 
 
 895 Translation of Elijah. — He had prophesied about 24 years. 
 
 891 Jehoshaphat dies, aet. 59. 
 
 884 The Syrian war, — Ahaziah and Joram against Hazael. 
 
 884 Jehoram dies, aet. 39. 
 
 883 Ahaziah dies, aet. 23. 
 
 877 Athaliah slain in her 7th year. 
 
 863 Hazael King of Syria reigned, circa B. C. 886—840. 
 
 855 Jehoida the High Priest still living, 23rd of Joash. He died, set. 130. 
 
 839 Jonah prophecies, circa B.C. 839— 782- 
 837 Joash dies, aet. 47. 
 
 836 Elisha died in the reign of Jehoash. 2 Kings xiii. 20. — He had prophe- 
 cied about 60 years. 
 
 Amaziah dies, aged 54. 
 
 915 Jehoshaphat 
 
 24. 
 
 976 Jerc 
 21 
 
 955 Nad 
 1 
 
 954 Baas 
 8 
 
 931 Elah 
 930 Zimi 
 930 Omr 
 
 919 Ahal 
 
 891 Jehoram 
 7. 
 
 884 Ahaziah, 
 
 1. 
 883 Athaliah, 
 
 6. 
 877 Joash, 40. 
 
 837 Amaziah, 
 
 29. 
 
 808 Uzziah, 
 52. 
 
 897 Ahai 
 
 895 Jorai 
 12. 
 
 883 Jehu 
 
 855 Jehoi 
 16. 
 
 839 Jehos 
 16. 
 
 823 Jerofc 
 41 
 
 *»* The Temple, B. C. 1013, to Rehoboam, 37 y. + 389 y. to its Destruction, B. C. 587 = 426 years. 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°4 
 
 NGS OF SPARTA 
 Lgida; Proclida; 
 
 hestratus 
 
 — Eurypon 
 
 botas, 
 37. 
 
 Prytanis 
 
 ryssus, 
 
 — (Eunomus) 
 
 — Folydectes 
 
 873 Charilaus, 
 64. 
 
 809 Nicander 
 39. 
 
 HOMER — IPHITUS — LYCURGUS 
 
 1000 Homer flourished, 1018 — 983, 165 — 200 years after the Fall of Troy. 
 992 The Thracians obtain the maritime ascendancy on the Mediterranean, 992—914. 
 
 913 The Rhodians succeed the Thracians in the empire of the sea, 913—891. 
 
 897 Hesiod flourished, 915—880. 
 
 / 
 
 890 The Phrygians enjoy the maritime power, 890 — 866. 
 
 884 Olympiad of Iphitus, in which Lycurgus concurred. 
 
 873 Regency of Lycurgus on the birth of Charilaus. 
 
 865 The Cyprian empire of the sea succeeds the Phrygian power, 865- 
 
 Heraclidaa 
 
 of 
 
 Corinth 
 
 996 Agelas, 
 37. 
 
 959 Prumnis, 
 35. 
 
 924 Bacchis, 
 35. 
 
 889 Agelas, 
 30. 
 
 832 The Phoenicians are the seventh power that obtain the command of the Medi- 
 terranean, 832—786. 
 
 859 Eudemus, 
 25. 
 
 834 Aristode- 
 mus, 35. 
 
 Archons 
 Perpetual 
 
 Archippus, 
 19. 
 
 970 Thersippus, 
 
 23. 
 
 947 Phorbas, 
 31. 
 
 916 Megacles, 
 
 Diognetus, 
 28. 
 
 i Pherecles, 
 19. 
 
 841 Ariphron, 
 20. 
 
 821 Thespieus, 
 27. 
 
 *** For the Scripture Periods in connection with each other, refer to Table 9. 
 
^ 
 
 
B.C. 800-751 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 3914 
 3915 
 3916 
 3917 
 3918 
 3919 
 3920 
 3921 
 3922 
 3923 
 
 3924 
 3925 
 3926 
 3927 
 3928 
 3929 
 3930 
 3931 
 3932 
 3933 
 
 3934 
 5935 
 3936 
 3937 
 3938 
 3939 
 3940 
 3941 
 3942 
 3943 
 
 3944 
 3945 
 3946 
 3947 
 3948 
 3949 
 3950 
 3951 
 3952 
 3953 
 
 3954 
 3955 
 3956 
 3957 
 
 3960 
 3961 
 3962 
 3963 
 
 — 
 
 1 «> 
 
 ' s 
 
 c 
 M 
 
 Cm 
 O 
 
 ■3 
 
 C3 
 
 '3. 
 1 
 5 
 
 u 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 800 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 799 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 798 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 797 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 796 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 795 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 794 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 793 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 792 
 791 
 
 790 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 789 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 788 
 787 
 786 
 785 
 784 
 783 
 782 
 781 
 
 780 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 779 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 778 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 777 
 
 — 
 
 
 l.i 
 
 776 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 
 775 
 
 — 
 
 
 3 
 
 774 
 
 — 
 
 
 4 
 
 773 
 
 — 
 
 
 2.1 
 
 772 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 771 
 770 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 4 
 
 769 
 
 — 
 
 
 3.1 
 
 768 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 
 767 
 
 — 
 
 
 3 
 
 766 
 
 — 
 
 
 4 
 
 765 
 
 — 
 
 
 4.1 
 
 764 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 
 763 
 
 — 
 
 
 3 
 
 762 
 
 — 
 
 
 4 
 5.1 
 
 761 
 760 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 
 759 
 
 — 
 
 
 3 
 
 758 
 
 — 
 
 
 4 
 
 757 
 
 — 
 
 
 6.1 
 
 756 
 
 — 
 
 
 2 
 
 755 
 
 — 
 
 
 3 
 
 754 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 753 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 7.1 
 
 752 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 751 
 
 OLYMPIC 
 VICTORS 
 
 Coroebus 
 
 Antimachus 
 
 Androclus 
 
 Polychares 
 
 .Sschines 
 
 ffibotas 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Judah 
 
 9 Uzziah 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 1 Jotham 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Israel 
 
 24 Jeroboam 
 II. 
 
 27 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 IZachariah 
 6 m. 
 
 1 Shallum 
 1 Menahem 
 
 — Interreg. 
 1 Pekaiah 
 
 1 Pekah 
 
 2 
 
 EMPIRE 
 
 OF 
 
 ASSYRIA 
 
 1 Pul the 
 
 21st 
 
 2 ante 769 
 
5T0RICAL TABLES 
 
 N°5 
 
 Bacchiadas 
 
 of 
 
 Corinth 
 
 35 Aristode- 
 mus 
 
 1 Agemon 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 . 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Telestes 
 
 2 
 
 PROPHETS 
 
 Joel nourishes B. C. 808—783. 
 He delivers his prophecy 
 circa 783. Some writers 
 strte his time about B.C. 640 
 
 Amos prophecies circa B. C. 
 808—783 
 
 Hosea prophecies between 
 B.C. 808 and 783, and thence 
 to circa B.C. 724 
 
 Isaiah prophecies circa B. C. 
 757 — 712, or, according to 
 others, circa B.C. 757—697 
 
 Micah prophecies in the reigns 
 of Jotham, Ahaz, and Heze- 
 kiah, B.C. 756—698 
 
 EARLY OLYMPIADS 
 
 The Egyptian empire on the Mediterranean, 787—751. 
 
 Phidon King of Argos reigns circa 783 — 744. 
 
 Victory of Corcebus, the earliest authentic date m Grecian chronology. 
 The Olympic games, now first registered, were celebrated this year, 
 according to Scaliger, on July 23rd. 
 
 Pandosia and Metapontum in Italy founded, 
 to Metapontum by Justin. 
 
 An earlier date is given 
 
 Zechariah slain by Shallum. — Shallum slain by Menahem. 
 
 Polychares of Messenia victor in the Olympic games : twenty years 
 afterwards the cause of the first Messenian war. 
 
 Theopompus King of Sparta institutes the Ephori. 
 
 Telestes King of Corinth reigns twelve years. 
 
 Uzziah dies aet. 66.— Settlement of Cyzicus in the Propontis by the 
 Milesians, according to Strabo. 
 
 Rome founded, according to Varro 
 
 The decennial Archons at Athens commence with Charops.— Daicles 
 
 crowned at the Olympic games, the first who had that honour. 
 Rome founded, according to Cato. 
 
 POETS, ETC. 
 
 Arctinus of Miletus flourished 
 circa 775 — 740 
 
 Cinaethon the Lacedasmonian, 
 poet, fl. ' HpaxXeia 
 
 Eumelus of Corinth fl. 761- 
 731 
 
 Antimachus of Teos fl. 
 
 

B.C. 750—701 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL i 
 
 •o 
 
 •3 
 
 0) 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 PL, 
 
 "3 
 
 c 
 o 
 
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 a 
 
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 K 
 
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 750 
 
 OLYMPIC 
 VICTORS 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Judah 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Israel 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Babylon 
 
 EMPIRE 
 
 OP 
 
 ASSYRIA 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Media 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Lydia 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 A 
 
 3964 
 
 
 7 Jotham 
 
 8 Pekah 
 
 
 20Pul 
 
 
 
 
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 5 
 
 4 
 
 749 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 3966 
 
 
 6 
 
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 Anticles 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3967 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 747 
 
 
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 11 
 
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 6 
 
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 746 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
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 24 
 
 
 
 
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 3969 
 
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 745 
 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 3970 
 
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 Zenocles 
 
 13 
 
 14 ■ 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 3971 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 743 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 3972 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 742 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 
 IE 
 
 3973 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 4 
 10.1 
 
 741 
 740 
 
 
 1 Ahaz 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 2 - 
 
 3 - 
 
 3974 
 
 Dotadas 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 3975 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 739 
 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 9 . 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 4 - 
 
 3976 
 3977 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 738 
 
 737 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Tiglath. 
 
 pileser 
 
 2 ante 738 
 
 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 6 - 
 
 3978 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 11.1 
 
 736 
 
 Leochares 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 7 - 
 
 3979 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 735 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 8 - 
 
 3980 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 734 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 14- 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 9 - 
 
 3981 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 733 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1 Nadius 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 10 - 
 
 3982 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 12.1 
 
 732 
 
 Oxythemis 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 1C1 
 
 3983 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 731 
 730 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 1 Chinzirus 
 and Porus 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 2 - 
 
 3984 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 3985 
 3986 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 25 
 26 
 
 4 
 13.1 
 
 729 
 
 728 
 
 Diodes 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Hoshea 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Shalma- 
 neser 
 
 
 
 — Perdiccas 
 I. 
 
 4 - 
 
 5 - 
 
 3987 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 727 
 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 - 
 
 3988 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 726 
 
 
 1 Hezekiah 
 
 4 
 
 1 Jugaeus 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 - 
 
 3989 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 725 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 - 
 
 3990 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 14.1 
 
 724 
 
 Dasmon 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 - 
 
 3991 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 723 
 
 
 4 — — • 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 10 - 
 
 3992 
 
 26 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 722 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 lHi 
 
 3993 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 33 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 721 
 720 
 
 
 6 
 
 — Conquered 
 by Assyria 
 
 1 Mardo- 
 cempadus 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 - 
 
 3994 
 
 15.1 
 
 Orsippus 
 
 7 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 3995 
 
 29 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 719 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 - 
 
 3996 
 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 718 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 3997 
 
 31 
 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 717 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 - 
 
 3998 
 
 32 
 
 38 
 
 16.1 
 
 716 
 
 Pythagoras 
 
 11 
 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 
 1 Gyges 
 
 
 
 7 - 
 
 3999 
 
 33 
 
 39 
 
 2 
 
 715 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 8 - 
 
 4000 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 714 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 9 - 
 
 4001 
 4002 
 4003 
 
 35 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 39 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 4 
 17.1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 713 
 712 
 711 
 
 710 
 709 
 
 Polus 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Sennache- 
 
 rib 
 
 2 
 
 KINGS 
 
 1 Esarhad- 
 don or 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 - 
 lLe 
 
 2 - 
 
 4004 
 4005 
 
 44 
 45 
 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 Archia- 
 
 2 Sardana- 
 palus 
 
 1 Deioces 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 4 - 
 
 4006 
 
 40 
 
 46 
 
 18.1 
 
 708 
 
 Tellis 
 
 19 
 
 
 nus 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 4007 
 
 41 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 707 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 6 - 
 
 4008 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 706 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 7 - 
 
 4009 
 
 43 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 705 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 8 - 
 
 4010 
 4011 
 4012 
 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 
 19.1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 704 
 703 
 702 
 
 Menus 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 £30 d. 
 
 1 Hagisa, 
 
 1 Baldanes 
 
 1 Belibus 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 9 - 
 10 - 
 1 Ap 
 
 4013 
 
 47 
 
 53 
 
 4 
 
 701 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 2 - 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°6 
 
 ;s S 
 
 Bacchiadae 
 
 
 
 
 "o 
 
 of 
 
 PROPHETS 
 
 EARLY OLYMPIADS 
 
 POETS, ETC. 
 
 a £ 
 
 Corinth 
 
 
 
 
 lenes 
 ra-21 
 us 22 
 
 - 23 
 
 9 Telestes 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 Home founded according to Polybius.— The Milesian empire of the sea, 
 
 750—733 
 Rhegiura colonized by the Messenians under Alcidamidas, a few years 
 
 before the first Messenian war. 
 Phidon, tyrant of Argos, celebrated the eighth Olympic games. 
 
 
 - 24 
 
 - 25 
 
 12 
 
 lAutomenes 
 
 
 Era of Nabonassar begins, Feb. 27.— Rome founded according to Fabius 
 
 Pictor.— Telestes King of Corinth slain by Arieus and Perantas. 
 Automenes King of Corinth. 
 
 
 - 26 
 
 - 27 
 • 28 
 )- 29 
 
 1 Annual 
 Prytanes 
 
 2 of 
 Corinth 
 
 
 First annual prytanis at Corinth. 
 
 Eumelii 'KoptvOiaKci' 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 • SO 
 
 5 
 
 
 Jotham dies, ast. 40. 
 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 Pekah slain by I Ioshea. 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 Naxos in Sicily founded by Theucles. 
 
 Callinus of Ephesus fl. circa 
 736—712 
 
 37 
 
 12 
 
 
 Syracuse founded by Archias of Corinth.— Acta?on slain by the Bac- 
 chiadx. 
 
 
 38 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 14 
 
 
 The Carian Empire of the Sea, 732—672. 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 
 Leontium in Achaia founded. — Catana in Sicily founded by Euarchus. 
 
 
 42 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 18 
 
 
 Megara Hyblasa founded. — Rome founded according to Cincius. 
 
 Philolaiis of Corinth fl. 
 
 44 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 20 
 
 
 Ahaz dies, set. 35. 
 
 
 46 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 22 
 
 
 The At'auXor added at the Olympic games. 
 
 
 48 
 
 23 
 
 
 Samaria besieged for three years. — First Messenian war ended. 
 
 
 49 
 
 24 
 
 
 Siege of Samaria second year.— Sybaris founded— 721. 
 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 Nahum the Prophet flourished 
 B.C. 721—712 
 
 Samaria taken by Shalmaneser. — First eclipse of the Moon on record, 
 Mar. 19, reduced by Ptolemy to the meridian of Alexandria. 
 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 Thasos founded according to Dionysius — The AoXtxos introduced in 
 the Olympic games. — Second and third eclipses of the Moon on record, 
 March 8 and Sept. 1. 
 
 
 u- 
 
 28 
 
 
 War in Thyrea. 
 
 
 - 
 
 29 
 
 
 Tyre besieged by Shalmaneser King of Assyria. 
 
 
 - 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 3° 
 
 
 Gyges began to reign in Lydia. — Mylae in the Chersonesus of Sicily 
 
 founded. 
 Abydos in Asia Minor planted by the Milesians. 
 
 
 — 
 
 33 
 
 
 Sickness of Hezekiah. — Sennacherib invades Judea. 
 
 
 - 
 
 34 
 35 
 
 
 Astacus — afterwards Nicomedia — in Bithynia founded by the Mega. 
 
 rians. 
 Revolt of the Medes and death of Sennacherib King of Assyria. 
 
 
 — 
 
 36 
 
 
 Crotona founded by Myscellus. 
 
 
 rates 
 
 37 
 
 
 Deioces begins to reign in Media. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tarentum in Apulia and Corcyra founded. — Thasos founded according 
 to Xanthus. — Foundation of Parion placed at this year by Eusebius. — 
 The 7rdX»j and nevTaO\ov added to the Olympic games. 
 
 Archilochus of Thasos fl. 708 
 —665 
 
 - 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 - 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 
 Aminocles of Corinth first commands the Athenian navy. — The triremes 
 also now first mentioned. 
 
 
 - 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
B.C. 700—651 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 4014 
 4015 
 4016 
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 4018 
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 4020 
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 4023 
 
 4024 
 4025 
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 4032 
 4033 
 
 4034 
 
 58 
 59 
 SO 
 
 61 
 
 H 
 
 63 
 
 65 
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 67 
 
 4035 
 
 69 
 
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 70 
 
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 4063 
 
 97 
 
 | 
 
 B 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
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 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 
 84 
 85 
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 87 
 88 
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 90 
 91 
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 93 
 
 94 
 
 95 
 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 
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 100 
 
 101 
 
 102 
 
 103 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 5 
 
 •c 
 
 U 
 
 9 
 
 - 
 
 20.1 
 
 700 
 
 2 
 
 699 
 
 3 
 
 698 
 
 4 
 
 697 
 
 21.1 
 
 696 
 
 2 
 
 695 
 
 5 
 
 694 
 
 4 
 
 693 
 
 22.1 
 
 692 
 
 2 
 
 691 
 
 3 
 
 690 
 
 4 
 23.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 24.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 25.1 
 2 
 3 
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 27.1 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
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 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 29.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 30.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 31.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 32.1 
 
 689 
 688 
 687 
 686 
 685 
 684 
 683 
 682 
 681 
 
 680 
 679 
 678 
 677 
 676 
 675 
 674 
 673 
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 670 
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 668 
 667 
 666 
 665 
 664 
 663 
 662 
 661 
 
 660 
 659 
 658 
 657 
 656 
 655 
 654 
 653 
 652 
 651 
 
 OLYMPIC 
 
 Kings 
 
 Kings 
 
 Kings 
 
 KINGS 
 
 Kings 
 
 Kings 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 OP 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 
 VICTORS 
 
 Judah 
 
 Egypt 
 
 Babylon 
 
 ASSYRIA 
 
 Media 
 
 Lydia 
 
 Macedon 
 
 1 
 
 Atheradas 
 
 27 Hezekiah 
 
 28 
 
 
 3 Belibus 
 1 Asordanes 
 
 12 Esarhad. 
 don 
 ' 13 
 
 10 Deioces 
 
 11 
 
 17 Gyges 
 
 18 
 
 — Perdiccas 
 I. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 1 Manasseh 
 
 
 3 — — 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Pantacles 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 14 '■ 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Regibalus 
 
 1 Mesesi- 
 morda- 
 
 2 chus 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Asordanes 
 or Nergilus 
 
 2 K. of Ba- 
 bylon 
 
 lAdrameles 
 or Sam. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 118 . 
 
 'l9 . 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Pantacles II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1° 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 2 mughes 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 B 
 9 
 
 Icarius 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 Cleoptolemus 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 ti- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L» 
 
 Thalpis 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 
 1 Asaridi- 
 
 nus 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 32 
 
 1 Ardys 
 
 — Argseus 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 Callisthenes 
 
 22 
 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 - — — 
 
 
 8 
 
 19 
 
 37 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 Eurybus 
 
 26 
 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 39 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 I.OI 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 . 
 
 1 Psamrae- 
 
 tichus 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Axerdis 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Pis 
 
 Charmis 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 42 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Au 
 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 1 Saosdu- 
 chinus 
 
 4 
 
 43 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 44 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 . 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 Chionis 
 
 34 
 
 7 
 
 4 . 
 
 7 
 
 46 
 
 15 
 
 ■ 
 
 Mil 
 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 47 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 6 . 
 
 9 
 
 48 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 t 
 
 10 
 
 49 
 
 18 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 Chionis II. 
 
 38 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 50 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 51 ■ 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 Mil 
 
 
 40 . 
 
 13 . 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 52 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 53 
 
 22 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 Chionis IIL 
 
 42 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 1 Phraortes 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 16 ■ 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 14 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 26 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 Cratinus 
 
 46 
 
 19 
 
 16 . 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 47 ■ 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 20 ■ 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 
3T0RICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 7 
 
 ?s a 
 
 Prytanes 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 of 
 
 PROPHETS. 
 
 EARLY OLYMPIADS 
 
 POETS, ETC 
 
 E 
 ta pl, 
 
 Corinth 
 
 
 
 
 urates 
 xi- — 
 us 
 
 46 Prytanis 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 
 Hezekiah dies, set. 54. 
 
 
 — 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 Simonides of Amorgus fl. 693 
 —662 
 
 - 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 
 Gela in Sicily and Phaselis in Pamphylia, founded by Lacius brother ot 
 Antiphemus. 
 
 Thaletas fl. 690—660. 
 
 - 
 
 58 
 
 
 The ttixmi introduced in the Olympic games. 
 
 
 - 
 
 59 
 
 
 The Median empire commences according to Herodotus. 
 
 
 \i- — 
 us 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 go 
 
 
 The second Messenian war according to Pausanias. 
 
 
 - 
 
 63 
 
 64 . 
 
 
 The annual Archons at Athens begin. 
 
 Tyrteus, eleg. flourished 
 
 - 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 66 
 
 
 The Quadriga, or Chariot race, added to the Olympic games. 
 
 
 - 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 
 Battle of the Trenches, gained by the Lacedemonians over the Messe- 
 nians ; fixed to this year by Pausanias. 
 
 
 in- 
 
 70 
 
 
 Carnea — contest of the Lyre — instituted at Lacedasmon. 
 
 Terpander, lyric, fl. 676—644 
 
 — 
 
 71 
 
 
 Cyzicus in Mysia refounded by the Megarians. 
 Chalcedon in Bithynia refounded by Archias of Megaria. 
 
 Polymnastus fl. 670 — 644 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 73 
 
 
 Settlement of the Locri in Magna Gracia according to Ephorus. 
 
 
 - 
 
 74 
 
 
 Pantaleon king of Pisa participates in the second Messenian war. 
 
 
 — 
 
 75 
 
 
 Naval empire of the Lesbians 671 — 603. 
 
 Alcman the Lydian fl. 671 — 
 631 
 
 — 
 
 76 
 
 
 Psammetichus king of Egypt begins to reign. 
 
 
 — 
 
 77 
 
 
 The Argives defeat the Lacedemonians at Hysiae. 
 
 
 — 
 
 78 
 
 
 End of the second Messenian war according to Pausanias. 
 
 
 — 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 81 
 
 ,82 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 
 Gymnopasdia celebrated at Lacedaemon. 
 
 Sea fight between the Corinthians and the Corcyreans. — Acre in Etolia 
 and Enna in Attica founded. 
 
 Thaletas, accounted the first 
 composer of songs for the 
 Pyrrhic dance 
 
 
 
 
 
 Za'eucus Locrus, jurispr. 
 Birth of Epimenides of Crete 
 
 Lesches of Mytilene . author of 
 the I lias Parva 
 
 - 
 
 87 
 
 
 Phigalia taken by the Lacedaemonians. 
 Byzantium founfled by a colony of Megarians. 
 
 - 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 — 
 
 1 Cypeslus 
 
 King of 
 
 2 Corinth 
 
 3 ■ 
 
 4 
 
 5 . ■ 
 
 
 Cypselus king of Corinth begins to reign, the expelled Bacchiade with. 
 
 draw to Lacedemon. 
 Acanthus and Stagira in Macedonia founded. — Abdera founded by the 
 
 Clazomenians. — Lampsacus founded by the Phoceans led by Time- 
 
 sias. — Borysthenes in Pontus founded. 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 Birth of Pittacus of Mytilene" 
 according to Suidas 
 
B.C. 650—601 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 I 
 
 ■c 
 
 B 
 & 
 
 "3 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 ft 
 
 4064 
 
 98 
 
 4065 
 
 99 
 
 4066 
 
 100 
 
 4067 
 
 101 
 
 4068 
 
 102 
 
 4069 
 
 103 
 
 4070 
 
 104 
 
 4071 
 
 105 
 
 4072 
 
 106 
 
 4073 
 
 107 
 
 4074 
 
 108 
 
 4075 
 
 109 
 
 4076 
 
 110 
 
 4077 
 
 111 
 
 4078 
 
 112 
 
 4079 
 
 113 
 
 4080 
 
 114 
 
 4081 
 
 115 
 
 4082 
 
 116 
 
 4083 
 
 117 
 
 4084 
 
 118 
 
 4085 
 
 119 
 
 4086 
 
 120 
 
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 121 
 
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 124 
 
 4091 
 
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 4092 
 
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 4093 
 
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 4098 
 
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 134 
 
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 136 
 
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 137 
 
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 139 
 
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 140 
 
 4107 
 
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 142 
 
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 4110 
 
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 147 
 
 ■ 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 o 
 
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 108 
 109 
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 111 
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 113 
 
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 119 
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 121 
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 123 
 
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 149 
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 153 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 33.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 34.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 35.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 36.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 37.1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 38.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 39.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 40.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 41.1 
 
 4 
 42.1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 43.1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 44.1 
 
 2 
 
 650 
 649 
 648 
 647 
 646 
 645 
 644 
 643 
 642 
 64J 
 
 640 
 639 
 638 
 637 
 636 
 635 
 634 
 633 
 632 
 631 
 
 630 
 629 
 628 
 627 
 626 
 625 
 624 
 623 
 622 
 621 
 
 620 
 619 
 618 
 617 
 616 
 615 
 614 
 613 
 612 
 611 
 
 610 
 609 
 608 
 607 
 606 
 605 
 604 
 603 
 602 
 601 
 
 OLYMPIC 
 VICTORS 
 
 Gylis 
 
 Stomus 
 
 Sphaeron 
 
 Phrynon 
 
 Euryclidas 
 
 Olyntheus 
 
 Rhipsolcus 
 
 Olyntheus II. 
 
 Cleondas 
 
 Lycotas 
 
 Cleon 
 
 Gelon 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Judah 
 
 48 Manasseh 
 
 49 
 
 50 ■ 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 1 Amon 
 
 1 Josiah 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 1 Jeoahaz 
 Uehoiakim 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 of 
 
 Egypt 
 
 21 Psamme- 
 
 tichus 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 1 Neco 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Babylon 
 
 18 Saosdu- 
 chinus 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Chinala. 
 
 danus 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 1 Nabopo- 
 
 lassar 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20Nebuch- 1 
 
 adnezzar 
 
 21 
 
 KINGS 
 
 ASSYRIA 
 
 1 Nabucho. 
 
 donosor 
 
 2 or 
 Sardana- 
 
 3 palus 
 
 7 
 
 1 Saracus 
 or Sinus 
 
 2 II. or 
 Sardana- 
 
 3 palus 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 "24 
 
 — Fall of 
 Nineveh 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Media 
 
 7 Phraortes 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 13 ■ 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 ■ 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Cyaxares 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Nebuchadnezzar 
 alone 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Lydia 
 
 29 Ardys 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 49 
 
 1 Sadyattes 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Alyattes 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 — Argaeus 
 
 — PhiUp I. 
 
 — JEropus 
 
 Dai 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°8 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Corinth 
 
 6 Cypselus 
 
 7 
 
 PROPHETS 
 
 1 Periandcr 
 
 2 
 
 Zephaniah the Prophet flou- 
 rished circa B.C. b40— 609. 
 
 Jeremiah prophecies circa 
 B. C. 628—586 
 
 Habakkuk the Prophet flou- 
 rished B.C. 612—598 
 
 Daniel prophecies B. C. 606 — 
 534 throughoutthe Captivity 
 
 EARLY OLYMPIADS 
 
 Myron of Sicyon is victor in the chariot race. — Himera in Sicily founded. 
 The irayKpartov and the Ke\ns added to the Olympic games. 
 
 Pantaleon King of Pisa celebrates the Olympic games. — Casmens 
 founded by the Syracusans. 
 
 Manasseh dies at. 67. 
 
 First establishment of Battus. 
 
 Second settlement of Battus. 
 
 The Cimmerians take Sardis. 
 
 Phraortes slain by the Assyrians. — Irruption of the Scythians in Asia. 
 
 Istrus and Tomi, Milesian colonies settled. 
 
 The (5p6/uor and nd\tt iraiaiv added to the Olympic games. 
 
 Cyrene in Africa founded by Battus. 
 
 The Milesians are established in Egypt. 
 
 Foundation of Sinope in Asia Minor by Coiis and Critines of Miletus. 
 
 The Megarians send colonists to Byzantium.— Selinus in Sicily founded 
 
 by Pamillus of Megara Hybla?a 
 Lipara founded according to Eusebius. 
 
 Prusias founded according to Eusebius. 
 
 Epidamnus on the Adriatic founded. — Cypselus succeeded by Peri- 
 
 ander. 
 Proclus tyrant of Epidaurus is cotemporary with Periander. 
 
 Milesian war begins. 
 
 The Book of the Law read, and the Passover solemnly kept by Josiah. 
 
 Legislation of Draco. — Fourth eclipse of the Moon on record, April 22. 
 
 The Cimmerians finally expelled from Asia Minor by Alyattes. — The 
 duration of their occupation circa B.C. 876—617. 
 
 Peace with Miletus, between Alyattes and Thrasybulus. 
 Pittacus overthrows the tyranny of Melanchrus. 
 
 Neco began his canal between the Red Sea and the Nile about this time. 
 
 Josiah king of Judah slain at Megiddo a?t. 39. — Apollonia on the Euxine 
 
 founded. 
 Panastius becomes tyrant of Leontium. 
 
 The Scythians expelled from Asia by Cyaxares. 
 
 Capture of Nineveh.— Captivity of the Jews.— Combat of Pittacus and 
 Phrynon. — Periander mediates between Athens and Mytilenii. 
 
 The Red Sea navigated by the Phoenicians about this time by order of 
 Neco ; they returned by the Mediterranean. 
 
 POETS, ETC. 
 
 Pisander of Camira fl. circa 
 647—623 'HpaxAcia Pisan- 
 dri' 
 
 Terpander. His improve- 
 ments in Spartan music 
 about this time. 
 
 Birth of Thales of Miletus 
 
 Birth of Stesichorus, lyric poet 
 
 Mimnermus of Colophon fl. 
 630—586 
 
 Aristoxenus of Selinus, iamb. 
 fl. 
 
 Arion, lyric, flourished in the 
 reign of Periander 625 — 610. 
 Invented the Cyclian chorus 
 
 Draco, legislat. flourished 
 
 Birth of iEsop, circa 
 
 Sappho 61 1—592. — Alca?us.— 
 Damophyle. — Erinna fl. 
 
 Birth of Anaximander of Mi- 
 letus. — Stesichorus fl. 
 
 Alcseus is engaged in the war 
 of the Athenians and Myti- 
 lenaeans in Boeotia. 
 
 Chersias of Orchomenus fl. 
 

B.C. 600—551 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 4114 
 4115 
 4116 
 4117 
 4118 
 4119 
 4120 
 4121 
 4122 
 4123 
 
 4124 
 4125 
 4126 
 4127 
 4128 
 4129 
 4130 
 4131 
 4132 
 4133 
 
 4134 
 4135 
 4136 
 4137 
 4138 
 4139 
 4140 
 4141 
 4142 
 4143 
 
 4144 
 4145 
 4146 
 4147 
 4118 
 4149 
 4150 
 4151 
 4152 
 4153 
 
 4154 
 4155 
 4156 
 4157 
 4158 
 4159 
 4160 
 4161 
 4162 
 4163 
 
 148 
 149 
 150 
 151 
 152 
 153 
 154 
 155 
 156 
 157 
 
 158 
 159 
 160 
 161 
 162 
 163 
 164 
 165 
 166 
 167 
 
 168 
 169 
 170 
 
 171 
 172 
 173 
 174 
 175 
 176 
 177 
 
 178 
 179 
 180 
 181 
 182 
 183 
 184 
 185 
 186 
 187 
 
 188 
 189 
 190 
 191 
 192 
 193 
 194 
 195 
 196 
 197 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 O 
 \* 
 
 154 
 155 
 156 
 157 
 158 
 159 
 160 
 161 
 162 
 163 
 
 164 
 165 
 166 
 167 
 168 
 169 
 170 
 171 
 172 
 173 
 
 174 
 175 
 176 
 177 
 178 
 179 
 180 
 181 
 182 
 183 
 
 184 
 185 
 186 
 187 
 188 
 189 
 190 
 191 
 192 
 193 
 
 194 
 195 
 196 
 197 
 198 
 199 
 200 
 201 
 202 
 203 
 
 O 
 
 45.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 46.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 47.1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 48.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 49.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 50.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 51.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 52.1 
 2 
 
 53.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 54.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 55.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 56.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 57.1 
 
 600 
 599 
 
 OLYMPIC 
 VICTORS 
 
 Anticrates 
 
 598 
 597 
 596 
 595 
 594 
 593 
 592 
 591 
 
 Chrysomachus 
 Eurycles 
 
 590 
 589 
 588 
 587 
 586 
 585 
 584 
 583 
 582 
 581 
 
 Glycon 
 Lycinus 
 
 580 
 579 
 578 
 577 
 576 
 575 
 574 
 573 
 572 
 571 
 
 Epitelidas 
 
 Eratosthenes 
 
 Agis 
 
 570 
 569 
 568 
 567 
 566 
 565 
 564 
 563 
 562 
 561 
 
 Agnon 
 Hippo-stratus 
 
 560 
 559 
 558 
 557 
 556 
 555 
 554 
 553 
 552 
 551 
 
 Hippostrat. II. 
 
 PlicBdrus 
 
 Ladromus 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 1 Psammis 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Apries 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 *ai — ; 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Babylon 
 
 LM 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Amasis 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 Nebuchadnez- 
 
 zar 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Judah 
 
 10 Jehoia. 
 
 kim 
 
 11 
 
 1 Jehoiakin 
 
 1 Zedekiah 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 — * Fall of 
 Jerusalem 
 
 SCRIPTURE PERIODS. 
 B. C 4105-587 
 
 THE CREATION y. B.C. 4105 
 I To the Deluge lti56 . . . 1-449 
 II To the Call 352 
 
 III To the Exi.de 504 
 
 IV To the Temple 579 
 V To its destruc- 
 tion, as a'jove' 426 
 
 WIS 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 1 Evil Merodach (Ilvarodamus) 
 
 1 Neriglissar (Nericosolassar) 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Laborosoarchod 9 m. 
 
 1 Belshazzar (Nabonadius) 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Media 
 
 35 Cyaxares 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 1 Astyages 
 
 35 PERSIA 
 
 1 Cyrus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Lydia 
 
 18 Alyattes 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 1 Croesus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 • ^Eropus 
 
 Phi 
 
 Sol. 
 Dn 
 Ew 
 
 Sin 
 
 Dai 
 
 Hip 
 
 Cob 
 
 Eutl 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°9 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Corinth 
 
 PROPHETS 
 
 26 Periander 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 1 Psamme- 
 
 tichus 
 
 2 
 
 • End of the 
 Cypselidae 
 
 Ezekiel prophecies in the time 
 of the Captivity, circa B.C. 
 594—536 
 
 Obadiah the Prophet flourish- 
 ed circa B.C. 588—583 
 
 Ezekiel prophecies against 
 Tyre and Egypt 
 
 Ezekiel's vision in the Capti- 
 vity in the 14th year after 
 that city was smitten 
 
 EARLY OLYMPIADS 
 
 Massilia, — Marseilles founded by the Phocaeans. 
 Camarina in Sicily founded by Dascon and Meriecolus. 
 
 Cyrene in Africa founded according to Solinus. 
 
 Birth of Croesus. — The Cirrha?an or Sacred war, 595 — 586. 
 Legislation of Solon. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Odessus on the Euxine founded 1 
 
 tie Milesians. 
 
 Cirrha taken by the Amphictyons under Edrylofchus.— Pythian Games 
 first celebrated at Delphi. V» » 
 
 Pittacus governs Mitylene for ten years. 
 Demophon son of Pantaleon is king of Pisa. 
 
 Captivity of Zedekiah, art. 32, June. — The Temple burnt, July. — Jeru- 
 salem taken by Nebuchadnezzar, June. 
 
 The conquest of the Cirrhaeans is completed, and the Pythian and 
 Isthmian games are celebrated. 
 
 Lycophron, son of Periander, slain by the Corcyraeans. — Death of Peri- 
 ander king of Corinth. 
 
 Clisthenes of Sicyon is victor in the second Pythia.— Agrigentum found. 
 
 ed according to Thucydides. 
 The dynasty of the Cypselidae ended. 
 
 The Hellanodicae are augmented to two. Until this time one had pre- 
 sided. 
 
 Lipara founded according to Diodorus. — Pittacus resigns the government 
 of Mytilene. 
 
 Naval empire of the Phocaeans, 575 — 532. 
 
 The War of Pisa and Elis ended in the subjection of the Pisaeans.— Tyre 
 taken by Nebuchadnezzar. 
 
 Accesssion of Phalaris according to Eusebius. — Apries dethroned by 
 Nebuchadnezzar. 
 
 The Panathenaea celebrated at Athens. — The Nemean Games restored, 
 and celebrated the 1st and 3rd years of every Olympiad. 
 
 Alalia in Corsica founded by the Phocaeans. 
 Amisus in Pontus founded by the Phocaeans. 
 
 Pisistratus first usurps the government at Athens about this time. 
 
 Cyrus reigns in Persia. — Heraclea on the Euxine founded by the Pho- 
 caeans. 
 
 First exile of Pisistratus from Athens. 
 
 Camarina in Sicily taken and destroyed by the Syracusans. 
 
 POETS, ETC. 
 
 Birth of Pherecydes of Syios. 
 phil. 
 
 Epimenides came to Athens.- 
 Chilon, phil. fl. 
 
 Solon flourished 
 
 Anacharsis comes to Athens 
 
 Alcaeus is in exile and opposed 
 to the government of Pitta- 
 
 Sacadas of Argos gains the 
 prize in music in the three 
 first Pythia B.C. 586, 582, 
 578. 
 
 Pythocritus of Sicyon, victor 
 at the fourth Pythian games, 
 fl. 574—554 
 
 JEsop fl. circa. 
 
 Birth of Pythagoras, circa 
 Death of Pittacus of Mytilene. 
 
 Eugamon of Cyrene flourished. 
 
 Death of iEsop according to 
 Eusebius 
 
 The first Comedy acted at 
 Athens by Susarion and 
 Dolon 
 
 Thales, phil. fl.— Ibycus, poet, 
 
 fl. 
 Anacreon the poet begins to 
 
 be distinguished 
 
 Birth of Simonides of Cos, 
 poet. — Chilon, phil. ephor at 
 Sparta 
 
 Death of Stesichorus a?t. 79 
 
 
B.C. 550—501 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 •a 
 
 .2 
 
 V 
 
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 u 
 
 a 
 
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 o 
 
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 4 
 
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 66.1 
 
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 4201 
 
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 4 
 
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 4202 
 
 237 
 
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 67.1 
 
 512 
 
 4203 
 
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 2 
 
 511 
 
 4204 
 
 239 
 
 244 
 
 3 
 
 510 
 
 4205 
 
 240 
 
 245 
 
 4 
 
 509 
 
 4206 
 
 241 
 
 246 
 
 68.1 
 
 508 
 
 4207 
 
 242 
 
 247 
 
 2 
 
 507 
 
 4208 
 
 243 
 
 248 
 
 3 
 
 506 
 
 4209 
 
 244 
 
 249 
 
 4 
 
 505 
 
 4210 
 
 245 
 
 250 
 
 69.1 
 
 504 
 
 4211 
 
 246 
 
 251 
 
 2 
 
 503 
 
 4212 
 
 247 
 
 252 
 
 3 
 
 502 
 
 4213 
 
 248 
 
 253 
 
 4 
 
 501 
 
 ATHENIAN 
 
 ABCHONS 
 
 Erxiclides 
 
 Thericles 
 
 Miltiades 
 
 Isagoras 
 
 Kings 8 
 
 •3 Of "3 
 
 ■a 2 
 
 •< Sparta p< 
 
 HAnaxandrid 
 
 Ariston 11 
 
 12 12 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 1 Cleome- 
 
 nes I. 
 
 2 
 
 12 - 
 
 13 - 
 
 14 - 
 
 15 - 
 
 16 - 
 
 17 - 
 
 18 - 
 
 19 - 
 
 20 - 
 
 31 11 
 
 Amyntas 
 I. 
 
 11 Demara- 1 I 31 
 tus 
 
 - 2 32 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 33 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 J 38 
 
 9 39 
 10 40 
 
 KINGS OF PERSIA 
 
 10 Cyrus 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Lydia 
 
 11 Croesus 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 Conquered 
 by Cyrus 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Babylon 
 
 6 Belshazzar 
 
 7 
 
 16 - 3 * 
 
 « - 5-a 
 
 — Conquered 1 
 by Cyrus 
 
 30 
 1 Cambyses 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 8 Smerdis 7 m. 
 1 Darius Hystaspes 
 
 90 Ai 
 
 21 - 
 
 22 - 
 
 23 - 
 
 24 - 
 
 25 - 
 
 26 - 
 
 27 - 
 
 40 - 
 
 41 - 
 
 42 - 
 
 43 - 
 
 44 - 
 — Co 
 
 Ca 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 10 
 
 HISTORIANS, ETC. 
 
 Anaximenes, phil. and hist. fl. 
 Anaximander, phil. fl. a?t. 64 
 Thales the philosopher still living 
 
 Pherecydes of Syros, phil. fl. a?t. 56.- 
 Bias of Priene, phil. still living 
 
 Pythagoras flourished, 539—510 
 
 Xenophanes of Colophon, poet and 
 philosopher, flourished 
 
 A public library founded about this 
 time at Athens by Hippias and Hip- 
 parch us 
 
 Hecatams and Dionysius Milesius, the 
 
 historians, flourished 
 Birth of Parmenides, poet and phil. 
 
 circa 
 Haggai and Zechariah, the Prophets, 
 
 fl. 520—518 
 
 Charon of Lampsacus, hist. fl. 
 
 Heraclitus, phil. fl.— Parmenides, the 
 disciple of Xenophanes, fl. 
 
 Hecataeus the historian assisted at the 
 deliberations of the Ionians 
 
 GRECIAN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Death of Phalaris of Agrigentum 
 
 The temple of Delphi accidentally burnt. — Second tyranny of Pisistra- 
 
 tus at Athens. 
 Second exile of Pisistratus from Athens. 
 
 Sardis taken by Cyrus, Croesus taken prisoner. 
 
 Massilia refounded. — Conquest of Ionia by the Persians, 544 — 539 
 
 The Phocians settle in GauL 
 
 Babylon taken by Cyrus ; Belshazzar slain. 
 
 Third tyranny ©f Pisistratus at Athens. 
 
 Edict of Cyrus for 'the return of the Jews and the rebuilding of the 
 temple. 
 
 Usurpation of Polycrates of Samos. 
 
 Death of Cyrus and accession of Cambyscs. — The Samian power on the 
 Mediterranean. 
 
 Death of Pisistratus. 
 
 Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses. — War of the Lacedemonians against 
 Polycrates of Samos. 
 
 Fifth lunar eclipse on record, July 16. 
 
 Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, put to death by Orstes satrap of Sardis. 
 
 Death of Cambyses and accession of Darius. — This year is reckoned as 
 the 227 and 228th year of the era of Nabonassar. 
 
 Plataea puts itself under the protection of Athens. 
 
 Miltiades, son of Cimon, succeeds. — Stesagoras in the Chersonese. — 
 Temple of Jerusalem finished, Mar. 10. — The Passover celeb. Ap. 18. 
 
 Hipparchus, tyrant of Athens, slain at the time of the Panathenaaa by 
 Harmodius and Aristogiton. 
 
 First year of Hippias at Athens. 
 
 Second year. 
 Third year. 
 
 Expulsion of the Pisistratidae from Athens. 
 
 Institution of the x°P°? Uv&pwv. — Maritime empire of Mg'ma, 508 — 499. 
 
 Sixth lunar eclipse on record, Nov. 19. 
 
 Naxos besieged four months by Megabatcs and Aristagoras. 
 
 POETS — THE DRAMA 
 
 Hipponax of Ephesus, poet, fl. 
 
 Theognis of Megara, poet, fl. 
 
 Thespis first exhibits tragedy at 
 Athens 
 
 Anacreon the poet is at the court of 
 Polycrates of Samos 
 
 Birth of iEschylus. — Anacreon and 
 Simonides come to Athens 
 
 Chcerilus first exhibits tragedy 
 
 Melanippides, poet, fl. 
 
 Birth of Cratinus the comic poet 
 
 Birth of Pindar 
 
 Phrynichus gains the prize in tragedy 
 
 Telesilla of Argos the poetess flour- 
 ished 
 
 Lasus of Hermione, poet, the in- 
 structor of Pindar, flourished 
 Fmdar. Pyth. X. 
 
 I 
 
B.C. 500—451 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL J 
 
 4214 
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 O 
 
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 2 
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 2 
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 2 
 
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 2 
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 2 
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 « 
 
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 460 
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 452 
 451 
 
 ATHENIAN 
 ARCHONS 
 
 Myrus 
 
 Hipparchus 
 
 Philippus 
 
 Pythocritus 
 
 Themistocles 
 
 Diognetus 
 
 Hybrilides 
 
 Phajnippus 
 
 Aristides 
 
 Anchises 
 
 Philocrates 
 Leostratus 
 Nicodemus 
 
 Themistocles 
 
 Calliades 
 
 Xanthippus 
 
 Timosthenes 
 
 Adimantus 
 
 Phaedon 
 
 Dromoclides 
 
 Acestorides 
 
 Menon 
 
 Chares 
 
 Praxiergus 
 
 Demotion 
 
 Apsephion 
 
 Theagenides 
 
 Lysistratus 
 
 Lysanias 
 
 Lysistheus 
 
 Archidemides 
 
 Tlepolemus 
 
 Conon 
 
 Euippus 
 
 Phrasiclides 
 
 Philocles 
 
 Bion 
 
 Mnesithides 
 
 Callias 
 
 Sosistratus 
 
 Ariston 
 
 Lysicrates 
 
 Chaerephanes 
 
 Antidotus 
 
 Kings to 
 
 •a of "3 
 
 'So g 
 <i Sparta pl. 
 
 21 Cleomenes 
 
 Dema- 11 
 
 22 ratus 12 
 
 23 13 
 
 24 14 
 
 25 15 
 
 26 16 
 
 27 17 
 
 28 18 
 
 29 19 
 
 1 Leonidas 
 Leoty- 1 
 
 2 chides 2 
 
 3 3 
 
 4 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 6 6 
 
 7 7 
 
 8 8 
 
 9 9 
 
 10 10 
 
 11 11 
 
 1 Pleistar- 12 
 
 chus 
 
 2 13 
 
 3 14 
 
 4 15 
 
 5 16 
 
 6 17 
 
 7 18 
 
 8 - — - 19 
 
 9 20 
 
 10 21 
 
 11 22 
 
 12 Archida-1 
 
 mus II. 
 
 13 2 
 
 14 3 
 
 15 4 
 
 16 5 
 
 17 6 
 
 18 7 
 
 19 8 
 
 20 9 
 
 21 10 
 
 22 11 
 
 1 Pleistoa- 12 
 
 nax 
 2 13 
 
 3 14 
 
 4 15 
 
 5 16 
 
 6 17 
 
 7 18 
 
 8 19 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Perdiccas 
 IL 
 
 KINGS OF PERSIA 
 
 Darius Hystaspes 
 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 
 1 Xerxes I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Artabanus 7 m. 
 
 1 Artaxerxes Longimanus 
 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bosphorus 
 
 1 Archaean ac. 
 
 tida; 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 &) 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 n° n 
 
 ests 
 
 PS 
 
 HIST.— PHIL.— OR AT. 
 
 GRECIAN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 POETS— THE DRAMA 
 
 - 
 
 Birth of Anaxagoras, phil. 
 Birth of Hellanicus the historian 
 
 Aristagoras solicits aid from Sparta and from Athens. 
 
 Ionian war. — Sardis burnt. — The Ionians defeated near Ephesus. — In- 
 stitution of the Dictatorship at Rome. 
 Ionian war, second year. — Cyprus recovered by the Persians. 
 
 Ionian war, third year. — Aristagoras slain in Thrace. 
 
 Ionian war, fourth year. — Histiaeus comes down to the coast. 
 
 Ionian war, fifth year. — Preparations for the assault of Miletus. 
 
 Last year. — The confederates defeated in a naval action near Miletus. — 
 
 Miletus taken. — jEaces restored to the tyranny of Samos. 
 Miltiades returns from the Chersonese to Athens while the Phoenician 
 
 fleet lay at Tenedos. 
 The first Persian armament under Mardonius : it proceeds no farther 
 
 than Macedonia 
 War of Athens and Egina. — League with the Latins, 30 cities, by the 
 
 consul Spurius Cassius.— Seventh lunar eclipse on record, April 25. 
 
 Epicharmus fl. He perfected comedy 
 in Sicily before Chionides exhibited 
 
 iEschylus first exhibits tragedy. — Pra- 
 tinas and Choerilus contend with 
 JCschylus 
 
 Birth of Sophocles 
 Pindar. Pyth. VI. 
 
 . a 
 
 - 
 
 Birth of Herodotus 
 
 Second Persian armament under Datis and Artaphernes. — Battle of 
 Marathon, the Persians defeated by Miltiades. 
 
 Three years' warlike preparation after the battle of Marathon. 
 Revolt of Egypt and Persia. 
 
 Accession of Xerxes. — Gelon becomes master of Syracuse. — Naval em- 
 pire of the jEginetae, 485 — 475. 
 
 Egypt recovered by Xerxes. — League with the Hernicans and Agrarian 
 law carried by Cassius, a third time consul. 
 
 Ostracism of Aristides. — Trial and death of Spurius Cassius. 
 
 Xerxes winters at Sardis. — War of the Romans and Veientians. 
 
 JCschylus, aet. 35, is present at the 
 battle of Marathon 
 
 Panyasis, poet, the uncle of Herodo- 
 tus, flourished 
 
 Chionides first exhibits comedy at 
 Athens. — Dinolochus,comic poet, fl. 
 
 Euetes,— Euexenides, — Mylus, comic 
 
 poets, fl. 
 Pindar. OL X. XL— iEschylus gains 
 
 the prize in tragedy. — Birth of Ac- 
 
 haeus the tragic poet 
 Choerilus and Phrynichus, the tragic 
 
 poets, still exhibit 
 
 a 
 
 Anaxagoras the philosopher at A- 
 
 thens.— Pherecydes Lerius, hist. fl. 
 
 480—456 
 
 Birth of Antiphon the orator 
 
 The History of Herodotus terminates 
 
 Xenophanes the philosopher is an 
 exile in Sicily 
 
 Death of Pythagoras, circa 
 Birth of Thucydides 
 
 Actions at Thermopylae and Artemisium. — Battle of Salamis and victory 
 of Themistocles.— Battle of Himera and victory of Gelon. 
 
 Battle of Plataea, Mardonius defeated and slain by Pausanias. — -Battle of 
 Mycale gained by Leotychides. — Siege of Sestos. 
 
 Hiero succeeds Gelon. — The Athenians rebuild their long walls and 
 restore the Piraeus. — Surrender of Sestos. 
 
 Commencement of the Athenian ascendancy or empire, 45 years before 
 the Peloponnesian war. 
 
 Death of Anaxilaus of Rhegium.— Scyros taken by Cimon. — The Lace- 
 daemonians lose their ascendancy. 
 
 The Fabii, 300, put to the sword by the Veientes at the Cremera 
 
 Naval victory of Hiero over the Tuscans. 
 
 Death of Theron of Agrigentum. — Peace between the Romans and the 
 
 Veientians. 
 Themistocles banished by Ostracism. 
 
 Birth of Euripides. — Pindar, aet. 38, 
 
 is present at the battle of Salamis 
 Birth of Choerilus of Samos 
 
 Pindar. Pyth. XI. IX. 
 
 Pindar. 01. XIV. — Phrynicus victor 
 in tragedy. — Simonides, aet. 80, gains 
 the prize avbpuiv x°P^ 
 
 Pindar. Pyth. III. I. 
 
 Pindar. Ol. II. XII.— .Eschyli, 'Pers.' 
 Timocreon of Rhodes, lyric poet, fl. 
 
 - 
 
 Birth of Socrates 
 
 Birth of Andocides the orator 
 
 Diagoras of Melos, phil. fl. 
 
 Zeno of Elea, phil. fl.— Charon of 
 Lampsacus is still writing history 
 
 Xanthus of Lydia, hist. fl. before He- 
 rodotus, who profited by his work 
 
 Pericles enters into public life.— The Publilian law of Volero, the 
 
 second great charter of Roman liberty, carried. 
 Mycenae destroyed by the Argives. — Death of Aristides. 
 
 The sons of Anaxilaus of Rhegium receive their inheritance. — Death 
 
 of Hiero of Syracuse. 
 Syracuse free. — Naxos besieged by Cimon. — His victories at the Eury- 
 
 medon. — End of the war between Greece and Persia. 
 Revolt of Thasos.— Death of Xerxes.— Themistocles seeks protection at 
 
 the court of Persia. 
 Revolt of the Helots. — The third Messenian war. — Cimon marches to 
 
 the assistance of the Lacedaemonians. 
 The Thasian war. 
 
 Cimon marches a second time to the assistance of the Lacedaemonians. 
 
 First tragic victory of Sophocles 
 Death of Simonides, aet. 89 
 Pindar. Pyth. IV. V. 
 
 Pindar. Ol. XIII. VII. 
 
 - 
 
 Birth of Democritus, phiL— Birth of 
 
 Hippocrates, phil. 
 Gorgias, orat. fl. aet. 26 
 
 Birth of Lysias the orator 
 
 Herodotus, aet. 28, recites his history 
 
 at the Olympic games 
 Empedocles, phil. the inventor of 
 
 Rhetoric according to Aristotle, fl. 
 Socrates hears Parmenides in his 
 
 early youth. 
 
 Revolt of Inarus. — The first year of the war in Egypt. 
 
 Ezra returns from Babylon to Jerusalem. 
 
 Battles in the Megarid between the Athenians and the Corinthians. — 
 
 Battle of Tanagra. — The Spartans retire to Lacedaemon. 
 Battle of OZnophyta. — Cimon recalled from exile. — The long walls of 
 
 Athens completed — Dictatorship of L. Q. Cincinnatus. 
 Campaign of Tolmides. — Surrender of Ithome. — Egypt reduced by the 
 
 Persians. — Surrender of Egina. 
 Campaign of Pericles at Sicyon. — Expedition of Myronides into Thes- 
 
 saly.— Law of L. Icilius allotting the Aventine to the Commons. 
 Cessation of hostilities obtained by Cimon. 
 
 Commissioners sent to Greece to collect laws for Rome. 
 
 Pindar. OL VIII. 
 
 JEschyli ' 'Opeineia.' 
 
 Panyasis put to death by Lygdamis 
 
 Death of iEschylus, aet. 69 
 
 Euripid. 'Peliades.' — He gains the 
 third prize in tragedy. — Sophocles fl. 
 Aristarchus, tragic poet, fl 
 
 Pindar. Ol. IV. V. 
 
 Ion of Chios begins to exhibit tragedy 
 
B.C. 450—401 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 1 
 
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 « 
 c 
 g 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
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 M 
 
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 « 
 
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 299 
 
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 450 
 
 4265 
 
 300 
 
 305 
 
 4 
 
 449 
 
 4266 
 
 301 
 
 306 
 
 83.1 
 
 448 
 
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 302 
 
 307 
 
 2 
 
 447 
 
 4268 
 
 303 
 
 308 
 
 3 
 
 446 
 
 4269 
 
 304 
 
 309 
 
 4 
 
 445 
 
 4270 
 
 305 
 
 310 
 
 84.1 
 
 444 
 
 4271 
 
 306 
 
 311 
 
 2 
 
 443 
 
 4272 
 
 307 
 
 312 
 
 3 
 
 442 
 
 4273 
 
 308 
 
 313 
 
 4 
 
 441 
 
 4274 
 
 309 
 
 314 
 
 85.1 
 
 440 
 
 4275 
 
 310 
 
 315 
 
 2 
 
 439 
 
 4276 
 
 311 
 
 316 
 
 3 
 
 438 
 
 4277 
 
 312 
 
 317 
 
 4 
 
 437 
 
 4278 
 
 313 
 
 318 
 
 86.1 
 
 436 
 
 4279 
 
 314 
 
 319 
 
 2 
 
 435 
 
 4280 
 
 315 
 
 320 
 
 3 
 
 434 
 
 4281 
 
 316 
 
 321 
 
 4 
 
 433 
 
 4282 
 
 317 
 
 322 
 
 87.1 
 
 432 
 
 4283 
 
 318 
 
 323 
 
 2 
 
 431 
 
 4284 
 
 319 
 
 S24 
 
 3 
 
 430 
 
 4285 
 
 320 
 
 325 
 
 4 
 
 429 
 
 4286 
 
 321 
 
 326 
 
 88.1 
 
 428 
 
 4287 
 
 322 
 
 327 
 
 2 
 
 427 
 
 4288 
 
 323 
 
 328 
 
 3 
 
 426 
 
 4289 
 
 324 
 
 329 
 
 4 
 
 425 
 
 4290 
 
 325 
 
 330 
 
 89.1 
 
 424 
 
 4291 
 
 326 
 
 331 
 
 2 
 
 423 
 
 4292 
 
 327 
 
 332 
 
 3 
 
 422 
 
 4293 
 
 328 
 
 333 
 
 4 
 
 421 
 
 4294 
 
 329 
 
 334 
 
 90.1 
 
 420 
 
 4295 
 
 330 
 
 335 
 
 2 
 
 419 
 
 4296 
 
 331 
 
 336 
 
 3 
 
 418 
 
 4297 
 
 332 
 
 337 
 
 4 
 
 417 
 
 4298 
 
 333 
 
 338 
 
 91.1 
 
 416 
 
 4299 
 
 334 
 
 339 
 
 2 
 
 415 
 
 4300 
 
 335 
 
 340 
 
 3 
 
 414 
 
 4301 
 
 336 
 
 341 
 
 4 
 
 413 
 
 4302 
 
 337 
 
 342 
 
 92.1 
 
 412 
 
 4303 
 
 338 
 
 343 
 
 2 
 
 411 
 
 4304 
 
 339 
 
 344 
 
 3 
 
 410 
 
 4305 
 
 340 
 
 345 
 
 4 
 
 409 
 
 4306 
 
 341 
 
 346 
 
 93.1 
 
 408 
 
 4307 
 
 342 
 
 347 
 
 2 
 
 407 
 
 4308 
 
 343 
 
 348 
 
 3 
 
 406 
 
 4309 
 
 344 
 
 349 
 
 4 
 
 405 
 
 4310 
 
 345 
 
 350 
 
 94.1 
 
 404 
 
 4311 
 
 346 
 
 351 
 
 2 
 
 403 
 
 4312 
 
 347 
 
 352 
 
 3 
 
 402 
 
 4313 
 
 348 
 
 353 
 
 4 
 
 401 
 
 ATHENIAN 
 ARCHONS 
 
 Euthydemus 
 
 Pedieus 
 
 Philiscus 
 
 Timarchides 
 
 Callimachus 
 
 Lysimachides 
 
 Praxiteles 
 
 Lysanias 
 
 Dyphilus 
 
 Timocles 
 
 Myrichides 
 
 Glaucides 
 
 Theodoras 
 
 Euthymenes 
 
 Lysimachus 
 
 Antilochides 
 
 Chares 
 
 Apseudes 
 
 Pythodorus 
 
 Euthydemus 
 
 Apollodorus 
 
 Epameinon 
 
 Diotimus 
 
 Euclides 
 
 Euthynus 
 
 Stratocles 
 
 Isarchus 
 
 Ameinias 
 
 Alca'iis 
 
 Aristion 
 
 Astyphilus 
 
 Archias 
 
 Antiphon 
 
 Euphemus 
 
 Arimnestus 
 
 Chabrias 
 
 Pisander 
 
 Cleocritus 
 
 Callias 
 
 Theopompus 
 
 Glaucippus 
 
 Diodes 
 
 Euctemon 
 
 Antigenes 
 
 Callias 
 
 Alexias 
 
 Pythodorus 
 
 Euclides 
 
 Micon 
 
 Xenaenetus 
 
 Kings a 
 
 8 r S3 
 ■o of "3 
 
 •& £ 
 •< Sparta p* 
 
 9 Pleistoanax 
 
 Archida- 
 10 musll. 21 
 
 11 22 
 
 12 23 
 
 13 24 
 
 14 25 
 
 15 26 
 
 16 27 
 
 17 28 
 
 18 29 
 
 19 30 
 
 20 31 
 
 21 32 
 
 22 33 
 
 23 34 
 
 24 35 
 
 25 36 
 
 26 37 
 
 27 38 
 
 28 39 
 
 29 40 
 
 30 41 
 
 31 42 
 
 32 Agis II. 1 
 
 33 2 
 
 34 3 
 
 35 4 
 
 36 -■ 5 
 
 37 6 
 
 38 7 
 
 39 8 
 
 40 9 
 
 41 10 
 
 42 11 
 
 43 12 
 
 44 13 
 
 45 14 
 
 46 15 
 
 47 16 
 
 48 17 
 
 49 18 
 
 50 19 
 
 1 Pausani- 20 
 
 as 
 2 21 
 
 3 22 
 
 4 23 
 
 5 24 
 
 6 25 
 
 7 26 
 
 8 27 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 5 Perdiccas 
 
 II. 
 
 6 
 
 lArchelaus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 KINGS OF PERSIA 
 
 16 Artaxerxes Longimanus 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 29 
 
 40 
 
 1 Xerxes II. 2 m. 
 
 1 Sogdianus 
 
 1 Darius Nothus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Artaxerxes Mnemon 
 
 Kings of 
 Egypt 
 
 1 Amyrtaeus 
 
 the Saite 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pausiris 
 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bosphorus 
 
 31 Archaean. 
 
 actida? 
 
 32 
 
 1 Spartocus 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Seleucus 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Satyrs* 
 
 I". 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
lORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°12 
 
 HIST.— PHIL.— OR AT. 
 
 Anaxagoras withdraws from Athens 
 after a residence of thirty years ; 
 his pupils had been Archelaus, Eu- 
 ripides, and Pericles. — Archelaus, 
 phil. fl. — Socrates taught by Arche- 
 laus 
 
 Menedemus of Eretria, phil. fl. 
 
 Melissus, the disciple of Parmenides 
 and Heraclitus, fl. — Protagoras fl. 
 
 Herodotus, ast. 41, went to Thurium — 
 as did also Lysias in his 16th year 
 
 Gorgias, orat. nepl (puaeias 
 
 GRECIAN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Melissus the philosopher defends Sa- 
 mos against Pericles 
 
 Phidias detlicates his statue of Miner- 
 va, made of ivory and gold, in the 
 Parthenon 
 
 Malachi the prophet fl. — Birth of Iso- 
 
 crates 
 Prodicus, phil. — Zeno of Elea, phil. 
 
 the inventor of logic, according to 
 
 Aristotle, still living. — Empedocles, 
 
 phil. still living 
 
 Meton begins his 19 years' cycle of the 
 moon from the new moon of June 27. 
 Euctemon, astr. fl. — Death of Phi- 
 dias 
 
 Hippocrates flourished 
 Birth of Plato 
 
 Death of Anaxagoras the philosopher, 
 
 an. 72. 
 Gorgias the orator is sent ambassador 
 
 from Leontium to Athens 
 
 Xenophon at Delium. — Thucydides 
 commands at Amphipolis 
 
 Thucydides in exile, partly in Thrace. 
 The History by Antiochus of Syra- 
 cuse ends 
 
 Protagoras the Sophist comes to 
 Athens. — Melissus, phil. settles at 
 Athens 
 
 Andocides the orator is imprisoned 
 on the mutilation of the Hennas 
 
 Antiphon the orator, and tutor of 
 Thucydides, put to death. — Lysias, 
 
 ast. 85, returns from Thurium to 
 Athens 
 Herodotus, set. 75, still employed upon 
 his history. — Plato, act. 20, begins to 
 hear Socrates 
 
 Philistus, hist, fl.-— Hellanicus the his- 
 torian still living 
 
 Andocides the orator in exile at Elis. — 
 Lysias withdraws to Megara 
 
 Thucydides returns from exile. — Ly- 
 sias returns to Athens. 
 
 Andocides resumes the conduct of 
 affairs. — Archinus and Cephalus fl. 
 
 Xenophon joins the expedition of Cy- 
 rus.— Ctesias, hist. fl. 401—384. 
 
 Five years' truce obtained by Cimon. 
 
 Death of Cimon and victory of the Athenians at Salamis in Cyprus. — 
 Institution of the Roman Decemvirate. — Laws of the ten, afterwards 
 twelve Tables. 
 
 Battle of Coronea, death of Tolmides. 
 
 Overthrow of the Decemvirate. — L. Valerius and M. Horatius consuls. 
 
 Revolt of Euboea and Megara. — Pericles reduces Eubcea and invades 
 
 Attica. — Thirty years' truce. 
 Pericles begins to have the sole direction of affairs. 
 
 The Athenians send a colony to Thurium, conducted by Lampon. 
 
 War between Samos and Miletus. — Samos invested by Pericles by land 
 
 and by sea. — Institution of the Censorship at Rome. 
 Surrender of Samcs and conclusion of the war. 
 
 Agnon leads a colony to Amphipolis. 
 
 The Propylasa commenced.— Spurius Melius put to death at Rome for 
 
 imputed conspiracy. 
 Sea tight of the Corinthians and Corcyreans. — War of the Romans and 
 
 Veientians. 
 Warlike preparations of Corinth. 
 
 Embassy from Corcyra to Athens. 
 
 Sea fights off Corcyra. — Andocides the orator commands a fleet. — Con- 
 gress at Lacedasmon. 
 
 The Thebans attempt Platea. — Peloponnosian war. — First invasion of 
 Attica. — Alliance between Athens and Sitalces, King of Thrace. 
 
 Second invasion of Attica led by Archidamus. — Plague at Athens. — 
 
 The History of the Old Testament ends about this time. 
 Potidaea surrenders.— Siege of Platasa. — Naval actions in the Corinthian 
 
 gulf. — Death of Pericles. — March of Sitalces against Perdicias. 
 Third invasion of Attica. — Revolt of all Lesbos except Methymne. — 
 
 Mitylene besieged. 
 Fourth invasion of Attica. — Lesbos recovered. — Expedition led by Nici- 
 
 as. — Surrender of Mitylene and Platasa. — Sedition at Corcyra. 
 Action at Tanagra, defeat by Nicias, who ravages the coast of Locris. — 
 
 The'plague a second time at Athens. 
 Eruption of Mount Etna, Thucyd. III. 116. — Fifth invasion of Attica. — 
 
 Occupation of Pylos. — Sphacteria surrendered to Cleon. 
 Cythera taken by the Athenians. — Battle of Delium. — Amphipolis taken 
 
 by Brasidas from Thucydides. — Death of Sitalces. 
 Truce for a year. — Thcspias destroyed by the Thebans.— The temple of 
 
 Juno burnt at Argos.— Fidenas finally taken by the Romans. 
 The truce ended. — Phasax sent to Sicily by the Athenians. — Cleon and 
 
 Brasidas slain. 
 Fifty years' truce. — The 'peace of Nicias.' 
 
 Alcibiades effects a treaty between the Athenians and the Argives. 
 
 Alcibiades in the Peloponnesus. — The Boeotians seize Heraclea. 
 
 Battle of Mantinea gained by King Agis. — The Quasstores Classici at 
 
 Rome thrown open to the Commons. 
 Revolution in Argos. 
 
 Melos surrendered to the Athenians.— Contest between Alcibiades, 
 
 Nicias, and Hyperbolus. 
 Alcibiades sail* with the Athenian fleet to Sicily. — Battle at Syracuse, 
 
 Alcibiades recalled from Sicily. 
 Second campaign in Sicily. — Siege of Syracuse. — Arrival of Gylippus. — 
 
 Eurymedon sent with supplies from Athens. 
 Sixth invasion of Attica.— Third campaign in Sicily. — Flight of the 
 
 Athenian army. — Eclipse of the Moon. — Surrender of Nicias. 
 Revolt of the allies. — Mission of Alcibiades to Asia. — First treaty of the 
 
 Spartans with Persia. — Battle of Miletus. — Second treaty with Persia. 
 Third treaty between Lacedasmon and Persia. — Constitution of the 400 
 
 framed by Antipho. — Revolution at Athens. 
 
 Mindarus slain by Alcibiades at Cyzicus. 
 
 Thrasyllus enters Lydia. — The Carthaginians enter Sicily and destroy 
 
 Solinus and Himera, but are repulsed by Hermocrates. 
 The Athenians move from Lampsacus. — Alcibiades takes Selymbria 
 
 and Byzantium. 
 Alcibiades returns to Athens. — Siege of Andros. — Defeat of Antiochus. — 
 
 Alcibiades deposed. — Capture of Agrigentum by Dionysius. 
 Sea fight of Arginussas. — Condemnation of the generals. — Agrigentum 
 
 taken by the Carthaginians. — Dionysius becomes master of Syracuse. 
 Battle of ^Egospotami. — Defeat of Conon by Lysander. — Flight of Conon 
 
 to Evagoras at Cyprus. 
 Surrender of Athens to Lysander. — The thirty tyrants in power for eight 
 
 months. — Death of Alcibiades. — Thrasybnlus occupies Phyle. 
 Death of Theramenes. — Thrasybulus gains the ascendant. — Death of 
 
 Critias. end of the tyranny. — The new alphabet in public acts at Athens. 
 Siege of Veii by the Romans. 
 
 Expedition of Cyrus.— Battle of Cunaxa.— Retreat of the Ten Thou- 
 sand. — First year of the war of Lacedasmon and Elis. 
 
 POETS— THE DRAMA 
 
 Crates the comic poet, and Bacchy- 
 lides the lyric poet, flourished 
 
 Euripides exhibits tragedy with 
 Achasus and Sophocles 
 
 Euripides gains the first prize in tra- 
 gedy 
 
 Sophocles employed as a general in 
 the Samian war. — Decree to prohi- 
 bit Comedy 
 
 Euripid. 'Alcestes' 
 
 Prohibition of Comedy repealed 
 
 Phrynichus the comic poet first exhi 
 
 bits 
 Lysippus gains the prize in comedy 
 
 Hermippus the comic poet prosecutes 
 Aspasia. — Callias, comic poet, fl. 
 
 Euripid. 'Medea' 'Dictys,"Philoctet.' 
 Euphorion, son of iEschylus, gains 
 
 the prize against Sophocles and Eu- 
 ripides. — Melanippides, poet, fl. 
 
 Eupolis and Phrynichus the comic 
 poets exhibit 
 
 Euripid. 'Hippolyt.' exhibits with Io- 
 phon and Ion. — Plato com. exhibits 
 
 Aristoph.'Dastal.' — his first exhibition 
 
 Aristoph. 'Babylon' 
 
 Aristoph. ' Acharnae.' — Cratinus gains 
 
 the second prize in comedy 
 Aristoph. 'Equit.' — Aristomenes the 
 
 comic poet fl. 
 Aristoph. 'Nub. I.'— Cratinus gains 
 
 the first prize in comedy 
 Aristoph. 'Vesp.' 'Nub. II.' — Leucon, 
 
 com. fl. — Death of Cratinus 
 Aristoph. 'Pax.' Eupolis the comic 
 
 poet fl. 
 
 Pherecrates the comic poet fl. 
 
 Ion of Chios the tragic poet, ob. before, 
 the exhibition of the E\pi\vr, of 
 Aristophanes 
 
 Agathon gains the tragic prize 
 
 Euripid.'Troades.' 'Alexandr.' 'Pala- 
 medes' 'Sisyph. satyr.' — Xenocles 
 exhibits against Euripides. — Ar- 
 chippus, com. gains his single prize 
 Aristoph. 'Amphiar.' 'Aves' 
 Hegemonis Thasii 'Gigantomachia' 
 Euripid. 'Helena' 'Andromeda.' 
 
 Aristoph. 'Lysist.' 'Thesmoph.' 
 
 Sophocles 'Philoctet.' 
 
 Euripid. 'Orest.' — Aristoph. 'Plut. I.' 
 
 Strattis the comic poet fl.— Sannyrio 
 
 the comic poet fl. 
 Death of Euripides, ast. 75. — Xenocles 
 
 and Iophon son of Sophocles still liv. 
 Death of Sophocles, aet. 90. — Aristoph. 
 
 'Ran.' — Antimachus, poet, fl. 
 Birth of Antiphanes of the Middle 
 
 Comedy 
 The Ionian alphabet adopted 
 
 Cephisodorus gains the prize in come- 
 dy 
 
 Sophoc.'Qklip. Colon. — Telestes gams 
 a dithyrambic prize 
 
B.C. 400—351 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL k 
 
 •o 
 •o 
 "C 
 
 8 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 a 
 o 
 ja 
 a 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 ■a 
 .2 
 
 t 
 
 5 
 
 
 n 
 
 4314 
 
 349 
 
 354 
 
 95.1 
 
 400 
 
 4315 
 
 350 
 
 355 
 
 2 
 
 399 
 
 4316 
 
 351 
 
 356 
 
 3 
 
 398 
 
 4317 
 
 352 
 
 357 
 
 4 
 
 397 
 
 4318 
 
 353 
 
 358 
 
 96.1 
 
 396 
 
 4319 
 
 354 
 
 359 
 
 2 
 
 395 
 
 4320 
 
 355 
 
 360 
 
 3 
 
 394 
 
 4321 
 
 356 
 
 361 
 
 4 
 
 393 
 
 4322 
 
 357 
 
 362 
 
 97.1 
 
 392 
 
 4323 
 
 S58 
 
 363 
 
 2 
 
 391 
 
 4324 
 
 359 
 
 364 
 
 3 
 
 390 
 
 4325 
 
 360 
 
 365 
 
 4 
 
 389 
 
 4326 
 
 361 
 
 366 
 
 98.1 
 
 388 
 
 4327 
 
 362 
 
 367 
 
 2 
 
 387 
 
 4328 
 
 363 
 
 368 
 
 3 
 
 386 
 
 4329 
 
 364 
 
 369 
 
 4 
 
 385 
 
 4330 
 
 365 
 
 370 
 
 99.1 
 
 384 
 
 4331 
 
 366 
 
 371 
 
 2 
 
 383 
 
 4332 
 
 367 
 
 372 
 
 3 
 
 382 
 
 4333 
 
 368 
 
 373 
 
 4 
 
 381 
 
 4334 
 
 369 
 
 374 
 
 100.1 
 
 380 
 
 4335 
 
 370 
 
 375 
 
 2 
 
 379 
 
 4336 
 
 371 
 
 376 
 
 3 
 
 378 
 
 4337 
 
 372 
 
 377 
 
 4 
 
 377 
 
 4338 
 
 373 
 
 378 
 
 101.1 
 
 376 
 
 4339 
 
 374 
 
 379 
 
 2 
 
 375 
 
 4340 
 
 375 
 
 380 
 
 3 
 
 374 
 
 4341 
 
 376 
 
 381 
 
 4 
 
 373 
 
 4342 
 
 377 
 
 382 
 
 102.1 
 
 372 
 
 4343 
 
 378 
 
 383 
 
 2 
 
 371 
 
 4344 
 
 379 
 
 384 
 
 3 
 
 370 
 
 4345 
 
 380 
 
 385 
 
 4 
 
 369 
 
 4346 
 
 381 
 
 386 
 
 103.1 
 
 368 
 
 4347 
 
 382 
 
 387 
 
 2 
 
 367 
 
 4348 
 
 383 
 
 388 
 
 3 
 
 366 
 
 4349 
 
 384 
 
 389 
 
 4 
 
 365 
 
 4350 
 
 385 
 
 390 
 
 104.1 
 
 364 
 
 4351 
 
 386 
 
 391 
 
 2 
 
 363 
 
 4352 
 
 387 
 
 392 
 
 3 
 
 362 
 
 4353 
 
 388 
 
 393 
 
 4 
 
 361 
 
 4354 
 
 389 
 
 394 
 
 105.1 
 
 360 
 
 4355 
 
 390 
 
 395 
 
 2 
 
 359 
 
 4356 
 
 391 
 
 396 
 
 3 
 
 358 
 
 4357 
 
 392 
 
 397 
 
 4 
 
 357 
 
 4358 
 
 393 
 
 398 
 
 106.1 
 
 356 
 
 4359 
 
 394 
 
 399 
 
 2 
 
 355 
 
 4360 
 
 395 
 
 400 
 
 3 
 
 354 
 
 4361 
 
 396 
 
 401 
 
 4 
 
 353 
 
 4362 
 
 397 
 
 402 
 
 107.1 
 
 352 
 
 4363 
 
 398 
 
 403 
 
 2 
 
 351 
 
 ATHENIAN 
 ARCHONS 
 
 Laches 
 
 Aristocrates 
 
 Ithycles 
 
 Suniades 
 
 Phormion 
 
 Diophantus 
 
 Eubulides 
 
 Demostratus 
 
 Philocles 
 
 Nicoteles 
 
 Demostratus 
 
 Antipater 
 
 Pyrrhion 
 
 Theodotus 
 
 Mystichides 
 
 Dexitheus 
 
 Diotrephes 
 
 Phanostratus 
 
 Evander 
 
 Demophilus 
 
 Pytheas 
 
 Nicon 
 
 Nausinicus 
 
 Callias 
 
 Charisander 
 
 Hippodamas 
 
 Socratides 
 
 Asteius 
 
 Alcisthenes 
 
 Phrasiclides 
 
 Dyscinetus 
 
 Lysistratus 
 
 Nausigenes 
 
 Polyzelus 
 
 Cephisodorus 
 
 Chion 
 
 Timocrates 
 
 Chariclides 
 
 Mo Ion 
 
 Nicophemus 
 
 Callimedes 
 
 Eucharistus 
 
 Cephisodotus 
 
 Agathocles 
 
 Elpines 
 
 Callistratus 
 
 Diotimus 
 
 Eudemus 
 
 Aristodemus 
 
 Thessalus 
 
 Kings 8 
 
 8 , 3 
 
 •o of lj 
 
 'So £ 
 
 •< Sparta p* 
 
 9 Pausanias 
 Agis 28 
 
 10 1L 29 
 
 11 Agesila- 1 
 
 us H. 
 
 12 2 
 
 13 3 
 
 14 4 
 
 1 Agesipo- 5 
 
 Us I. 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 14 Archelaus 
 
 1 Orestes and 
 iEropus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pausanias 
 
 1 Amyntas 
 
 II. 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 1 Cleom- 19 
 
 brotus 
 
 2 1. 20 
 
 1 Agesipo- 
 lis II. 
 
 lCleome- 29 
 nes II. 
 
 - 30 
 
 - 31 
 
 - 32 
 
 - 33 
 
 - 34 
 
 - 35 
 
 8 36 
 
 9 37 
 
 10 Archida- 1 
 mus III. 
 
 24 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 
 Alorites 
 
 2 
 
 1 Perdiccas 
 III. 
 
 1 Philip II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 KINGS OF PERSIA 
 
 6 Artaxerxes Mnemon 
 
 7 
 
 46 
 
 1 Ochus 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 — Psammeti- 
 chus 
 
 1 Nephereus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1 Acoris 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Psammu- 
 
 this 
 1 Nepherites 
 
 1 Nectanebis 
 
 2 L 
 
 1 Tachos 
 
 1 Nectanebis 
 II. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bosphorus 
 
 8 Satyrus I. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Leucon 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Spartocus 
 II. 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° IS 
 
 StS 
 
 s 
 
 HIST.— PHIL— OR AT. 
 
 GRECIAN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 p OETS-THE DRAMA 
 
 ll. 
 
 Andocides 'de Myster.' 
 
 Death of Socrates, set. 69. — Plato with. 
 
 draws to Megara 
 Ctesias' Persian History terminates 
 
 Zeuxis the painter flourished 
 
 Birth of Xenocrates, phil. — Parrha- 
 sius the painter flourished 
 
 Plato, set. 34, serves in the battle of 
 Corinth. — He returns to Athens 
 
 Lysias 'pro Mantitheo.' — Xenophon 
 withdraws to Scillus 
 
 Andocides 'de Pace.' — He is banished 
 and dies in exile 
 
 Return of the Ten Thousand.— The Cyreans enter the service of Seu- 
 
 thes, a prince of Thrace. 
 Thimbron commands in Asia. — The Cyreans are transferred to his 
 
 army. — Dercyllidas supersedes Thimbron. 
 Dercyllidas makes a truce with Pharnabazus. — He passes into the 
 
 Chersonese, returns to Asia, and besieges Atarnae. 
 Dercyllidas invades Caria. — He meets Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes in 
 
 the vale of Majander, and concludes an armistice with the latter. 
 Agesilaus passes from Aulis to Ephesus. — His first campaign in Asia. — 
 
 Truce with Tissaphernes. 
 Second campaign.— Victory near Sardis. — Tissaphernes superseded by 
 
 Tithraustes. — Mission of Timocrates into Greece.— Lysander slain. 
 Agesilaus recalled from Asia. — Battle of Corinth. — Naval defeat and 
 
 death of Pisander, near Cnidus. — Victory of Agesilaus near Coronea. 
 Sedition at Corinth and battle of Lechaeum. — Pharnabazus with Conon 
 
 ravages the coasts. — The long walls of Athens restored by Conon. 
 Agesilaus takes the Piraeus of Corinth. — His troops defeated on their 
 
 return by the tactics of Iphicrates, then new to the Greeks. 
 Expedition of Agesilaus into Acarnania. — Diphridas restores the Lace- 
 demonian affairs in Asia. 
 
 Death of Chaerilus of Samos at the 
 
 court of Archelaus, circa 
 Meletus the tragic poet is the accuser 
 
 of Socrates 
 Astydamas first exhibits tragedy.— 
 
 Philoxtnus, Timotheus, and Teles- 
 
 tes, poets, fl. 
 
 Sophocles, jun., the grandson of the 
 elder, first exhibited 
 
 Philyllius, comic poet, fl. 
 
 Xenarchus, mimograph. flourished at 
 
 the court of Dionysius 
 Aristoph. 'Eccles.' 
 
 Plato the comic poet still exhibits 
 
 - 
 
 Birth of JEschines. — Plato visits Si- 
 cily. 
 Lysias 'Olymp.' 'pro Aristoph.' 
 
 Androtion the orator engages in 
 
 public affairs 
 Birth of Aristotle.— Lysias 'in The- 
 
 omnest.' 
 
 Birth of Demosthenes 
 
 Democritus the philosopher conti- 
 nues his travels till his HOth year 
 
 Isocrat. 'Panegyrica' 
 
 Cephalus the orator moves the decree 
 
 for assisting the Theban exiles 
 Death of Lysias, set. 80 
 
 Demosthenes left an orphan in his 
 seventh year 
 
 Isocrat. 'Plataica.' — Xenophon fl. 
 
 Callistratus the orator, and Iphicrates 
 prosecute Timotheus 
 
 Leodamas, — Aristophon,— Thrasybu- 
 lus, — Diophantus. orators, fl. 
 
 Callistratus and Melanopus the ora- 
 tors are present at the congress at 
 
 Expedition of Agesipolis into Argolis. — Capture of ten Athenian ships 
 by Teleutias. — Thrasybulus slain at Aspendus. 
 
 Agyrrhius is sent as successor to Thrasybulus at As;»endus, and Iphi- 
 crates to the Hellespont. 
 
 Antalcidas releases Nicholochus, whom he finds blocked up at Abydos 
 by Iphicrates and Diotimus.— Rome burnt by the Gauls. 
 
 Peace of Antalcidas, Corinth and Argos separated, and the cities of 
 Boeotia emancipated ; Cyprus and Evagorus excluded. 
 
 Restoration of Plataea in consequence of the measures of Agesilaus with 
 the Thebans. 
 
 Siege of Mantinea by Agesipolis. — Great sea fight between Evagoras 
 and the Persians.— The Persian and Cyprian war, ten years. 
 
 First campaign of the Olynthian war. — Phoebida3 seizes the Cadmea. — 
 
 Teleutias marches to Olynthus. 
 Second campaign of the Olynthian war. — Teleutias slain. 
 
 Aristoph. 'Plut. II.' — Nicophon and 
 Nicochares the comic poets con- 
 tend with Aristophanes 
 
 Alcaeus the comic poet fl. 
 
 Antiphanes begins to exhibit the Mid- 
 dle Comedy 
 
 - 
 
 Third campaign of the Olynthian war. — Death of Agesipolis. — Polybiades 
 succeeds Agesipolis. — Evagoras in Cyprus is pressed by the Persians. 
 
 Polybiades finishes the Olynthian war. — Phlius surrendered to Agesi- 
 laus. — The Cadmea is recovered by the Theban exiles. 
 
 Cleombrotus marches into Boeotia in the winter. — Attempt of Sphodrias 
 upon the Piraeus at Athens. — Expedition of Agesilaus in Boeotia. 
 
 Second campaign of Agesilaus in Boeotia. 
 
 Third campaign, Cleombrotus in Boeotia. — Pollis defeated by Chabrias 
 
 off Naxos. — Tenth and last year of the Persian and Cyprian war. 
 The Lacedaemonians send Cleombrotus against the Thebans in Phocis. — 
 
 Polydamis of Thessaly comes to Sparta. 
 The Athenians jealous of the Thebans. — Timotheus returning from Cor- 
 
 cyra lands the exiles at Zacynthus. — Death of Evagoras. 
 Timotheus appointed to oppose Mnasippus, is superseded by Iphicrates. — 
 
 He arrives at Corcyra, but Mnasippus is already slain. 
 Timotheus passes over to Asia, May. — Iphicrates continues in command 
 
 of a fleet in the Ionian sea. 
 Congress at Sparta. — Thebes excluded from the treaty.— Battle of Leuc- 
 
 tra and defeat of the Lacedaemonians. — Megalopolis founded. 
 
 Death of Philoxenus the poet 
 
 Anaxandrides of the Middle Comedy 
 gains his first prize 
 
 Eubulus, and Araros the son of Aris- 
 tophanes, poets of the Middle Co- 
 medy, exhibit 
 
 Astydamas, the younger, gains the 
 prize in tragedy 
 
 - 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Eudoxus, phil. fl. 
 
 Aristotle, set. 17, came to Athens 
 
 Isocrat. 'Archidamus' 
 
 Anaximenes,hist. — Antisthenes, phil. 
 
 and Aristippus, phil. fl. 
 Isaei 'Philoct.' — Demosth. 'Aphob.' 
 
 Praxiteles the sculptor flourished 
 
 iEschines the orator is at the battle 
 of Mantinea. — Aristophon, orat. fl. 
 
 Birth of Dinarchus the orator. — Cal- 
 listratus the orator is banished 
 
 Agesilaus is sent into Arcadia. — Jason of Pherae slain. 
 
 First invasion of Laconia.— The Thebans arrive at Mantinea in mid- 
 winter. — Restoration of the Messenians. — Sparta aided by Athens. 
 
 The Thebans enter Peloponnesus.— Congress at Delphi on the part of 
 Persia to negotiate a peace. 
 
 The 'tearless battle' gained by Archidamus.— Embassy of Pelopidas to 
 Persia. — Death of Dionysius the elder. 
 
 Expedition of Epaminondas into Achaia.— Seizure of Oropus. — Alliance 
 between Athens and Arcadia.— Peace between Corinth, Phlius, and 
 Thebes. 
 
 War of Arcadia and Elis, first campaign. 
 
 Second campaign between Arcadia and Elis. — Arcadians and Pisasans 
 preside at the Olympic games. — Archidamus invades Arcadia. — Battle 
 of Olympia, at the time of the games. 
 
 Fourth expedition of Epaminondas into Peloponnesus.— Battle of Man- 
 tinea, and death of Epaminondas. — Agesilaus in Egypt. 
 
 General pacification, in which Messenia is included; the Lacedaemo- 
 nians not consenting. 
 
 Aphareus, the nephew of Isocrates, 
 
 begins to exhibit tragedy 
 Dionysius tyrannus gains the tragic 
 
 prize with the Ai/Tpa"EKTopoc 
 
 Polyzelus, comic poet, fl. 
 
 - 
 
 History of Theopompus commences. 
 
 Isaei Vepi tov Ayviov xA/jpov 
 Death of Xenophon. 
 
 Issei 'virfp EvfjiaOovt.' 
 
 Democritus, ob. set. 104, and Hippo- 
 crates, set. 1 04. — Demoph ilus, hist, fl . 
 
 Isocrat. 'dePace.' — Philistus the his- 
 torian slain by the Syracusans 
 
 Isocrates or Aphareus 'in Megacli- 
 dem.' — Demosth. 'in Leptinem.' 
 
 Demosth. 'de Classibus.' — Aristophon 
 the orator prosecutes Timotheus 
 
 Isocrat. 'de Permut. Areopagit.' — De- 
 mosth. 'pro Megalopol.' 
 
 Demosth.'Philipp. I.' — Cydias, orat. fl. 
 
 Demosth. 'pro Rhodiis' 
 
 Timotheus repulsed at Amphipolis by the Olynthians. 
 
 Accession of Philip.— He defeats Argaeus at Methone. makes peace with 
 the Athenians, reduces Paeonia, and subdues the Illyrians. 
 
 Amphipolis taken by Philip.— Athenian expedition into Eubaea, under- 
 taken at the instance of Timotheus against the Thebans. 
 
 The Social war.— Siege of Chios by Chares and Chabrias.— Death of 
 Chabrias.— The Phocians seize Delphi.— Dion lands in Sicily. 
 
 Birth of Alexander the Great.— Social war, second campaign.— Siege of 
 Samos. — Dionysius expelled from Syracuse. 
 
 Third campaign.— Chares sent to the re ief of Samos, but sails for the 
 Hellespont.— Peace with the confederates promoted by Eubulus. 
 
 Trial of Iphicrates and Timotheus, acquittal of the former and con- 
 demnation of the latter, who is fined 100 talents. 
 
 Death of Dion of Syracuse.— Philip seizes upon Pagasae and besieges 
 Methone. 
 
 Onomarchus defeated bv Philip.— Lycophron surrenders Pherae — Philip 
 is prevented passing Pylae.— War of Lacedaemon and Megalopolis. 
 
 The Sidonians, besieged by the Persians, burn their city. 
 
 Death of Timotheus, act. 97, according 
 to Suidas 
 
 Alexis of the Middle Comedy sati- 
 rizes Plato. — Nossis, epigr. poet, fl. 
 
 Diodorus, comic poet, fl. — Simylus, 
 
 comic poet, fl. 
 Theodectes of Phaselis, trag. fl. — 
 
 Erinna, poetess, fl. 
 
B. C. 350—301 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
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 ATHENIAN 
 ARCHONS 
 
 Apollodorus 
 
 Callimachus 
 
 Theophilus 
 
 Themistocles 
 
 Archias 
 
 Eubulus 
 
 Lysiscus 
 
 Pythodotus 
 
 Sosigincs 
 
 Nicomachus 
 
 Theophrastus 
 
 Lysimachides 
 
 Charondas 
 
 Phrynichus 
 
 Pythodemus 
 
 Euaenetus 
 
 Ctesicles 
 
 Nicocrates 
 
 Nicetes 
 
 Aristophanes 
 
 Aristophon 
 
 Cephisophon 
 
 Euthycritus 
 
 Hegomon 
 
 Chrcmes 
 
 Anticles 
 
 Hegesias 
 
 Cephisodorus 
 
 Philocles 
 
 Archippus 
 
 Nejechmus 
 
 Apollodorus 
 
 Archippus 
 
 Demogenes 
 
 Democlides 
 
 Praxibulus 
 
 Nicodorus 
 
 Theophrastus 
 
 Polemon 
 
 Simonides 
 
 Hieromnemon 
 
 Demetrius 
 
 Charinus 
 
 Anaxicrates 
 
 Coroebus 
 
 Euxenippus 
 
 Pherecles 
 
 Leostratus 
 
 Nicocles 
 
 Calliarchus 
 
 Kings 8 
 ■3 OI 73 
 
 '3> £ 
 
 <, Sparta p* 
 
 21 Cleomen. 
 
 Archi- 12 
 
 22 damus 13 
 III. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedou 
 
 10 Philip II. 
 
 11 
 
 31 22 
 
 32 23 
 
 33 AgisIII.l 
 
 41 Eudami- 1 
 
 das I. 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 ., — , — 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 1 A reus I. 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 the Great 
 
 2 
 
 KINGS OF PERSIA 
 
 10 Ochus 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 Conquered 
 by Uchus 
 
 20 - 
 
 21 - 
 
 1 Arses — 
 
 2 - 
 1 Darius Codomanus 
 
 DARIUS CONQUERED BY ALEXANDER 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 THRACE 
 
 1 Philip III. 
 
 Lvsima- 1 
 
 2 chus 2 
 
 ASIA 
 
 1 Olympias 8 
 
 and 
 2Cassander 9 
 
 1 Antigonus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Demetrius 
 Poliorcetes 
 
 1 Seleucus 
 Nicator 
 
 2 
 
 EGYPT 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 
 Soter 
 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bosphorus 
 
 4 Spartocus 
 
 IL 
 
 5 
 
 1 Parysades 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 1 Satyrus 
 
 II. 
 1 Prytanis 
 
 1 Eumelus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Spartocus 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 14 
 
 HIST.— PHIL.— OR AT. 
 
 Demosth. 'in Bceot'pro 'Phormione' 
 
 Demosth. 'Olynthiacae.' — Eubulusthe 
 orator is opposed to Demosthenes 
 
 Demosth. 'Midiana.' — The great influ- 
 ence of Eubulus is felt by his rival 
 
 Death of Plato, set. 82 ; Speusippus 
 succeeds in theAcademy — Aristotle 
 goes to Atarnae 
 
 Isocrat. 'Philipp.' Demosth. 'de Pace' 
 
 iEschin. 'Timarch.' 
 
 Demosth. 'Philipp. II.' — Aristotle 
 leaves Atarnae for Mytilene 
 
 Demosth. et yEschin. 'Pais. Leg.' — 
 JEschines is assisted by Eubulus 
 
 Aristotle comes to the court of Philip. 
 Demosth. 'de Chersoneso' 
 
 Birth of Epicurus. — Demosth. 'Phi- 
 lip III.' — Aristophon Colyttensis fl. 
 
 Isocr. 'Panath.' — Ephorus,hist.Hege- 
 
 sippus, Philocrates, Cephisophon, fl. 
 Demosth. 'Epist. ad Philipp.' — Death 
 
 of Speusippus, Xenocrates succeeds 
 Death of Isocrates, set. 98. — Diyllus, 
 
 hist. — Anaxarchus, phil. fl. 
 Lycurg. 'in Lysiclem. in Autolycum.' 
 
 Lycurgus presides in the Treasury 
 Dinarchus, aet. 26, begins to compose 
 
 orations 
 Demosthenes and Lycurgus the ora- 
 tors are demanded by Alexander 
 Aristotle comes to Athens. — Pyrrho, 
 
 phil. the disciple of Anaxarchus, fl. 
 Demosth. 'in Theocrinem' — Ephorus 
 
 the historian still living 
 Demosth. 'in Phormionem.' — Apelles, 
 
 the painter, flourished 
 Lycurg. (Demosth.) 'in Aristogit.' — 
 
 Zoilus the critic fl. 
 
 Lycurg. 'in Leocr.' — Demosth. 'de Co- 
 rona.' — jEschin. 'in Ctesiphont' — 
 
 Demosth. 'in Dionysodor.' — Calip- 
 pus, astron. fl. 
 
 Crates the Cynic fl.— Death of Callis- 
 thenes the historian 
 
 Demadis Inrep ty\i 3w5eKaeT<a? — On- 
 esicritus, pilot of Alexander's ship 
 
 Demetrius Phalereus the orator be- 
 gins to appear in public affairs 
 
 Lysippus the sculptor flourished. — 
 Dinarch. 'de Harpal.' 
 
 Demosthenes in exile. — Death of Ly- 
 curgus and of Diogenes the Cynic 
 
 Death of Demosthenes, Hyperides, 
 and of Aristotle, who is succeeded 
 by Theophrastus 
 
 Dinarchus the orator flourished at 
 
 Athens. 
 
 Hieronymus,hist. negociates between 
 Eumenes and A ntigonus. — Demades 
 the orator isfput to death 
 
 Hegemon and Pythocles, the orators, 
 are put to death with Phocion 
 
 Death of Xenocrates, set. 81. — Polemo 
 succeeds in theAcademy. — Crantor, 
 phil. fl. 
 
 Death of JEschines, aet. 75 
 
 Epicurus began to teach at Mytilene 
 and Lampsacus 
 
 Marsyas of Pella, the half-brother of 
 
 Antigonus, hist. fl. 
 Lycurgus the orator is honoured with 
 
 a statue. —Dinarchus, orat. in exile 
 Stilpo, phil. at the capture of Megara. 
 
 Epicurus teaches at Athens. — Phi- 
 
 lochorus, hist. fl. 
 Theopompus the historian still living 
 Protogenes the painter flourished 
 
 Demochares, orat. nephew of De- 
 mosthenes, is banished by the party 
 of Stratocles 
 
 Hieronymus of Cardia, hist. fl. 
 
 GRECIAN CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Expedition of Phocion into Eubcea. — He gains the battle of Tamynae 
 
 against Callias and Taurosthenes. — Egypt conquered by Ochus. 
 The Olynthian war. — First embassy to Athens. — Their prayer being 
 
 supported by Demosthenes, Chares is sent with 2,000 mercenaries. 
 Second year and second embassy. — Charidemus sent with 400 peltasts, 
 
 and 150 horse. — On a third embassy 2,000 Athenian citizens pass over. 
 Olynthus taken by Philip, with Apollonia and 32 towns of Chalcidice 
 
 and Thrace. — The Olympia are celebrated at Dium. 
 Peace between Philip and the Athenians. — The Phocion or Sacred war 
 
 ended, after a duration of ten years. 
 
 Expedition of Timoleon. — He gains Syracuse. 
 
 Conquest of Syracuse completed. — Expedition into Acarnania. — De- 
 mosthenes counteracts Philip in Ambracia and Peloponnesus. 
 
 Expeditions of Philip into Thrace and Scythia. — Diopithes, the father 
 of Menander, stationed at the Hellespont. — First Samnite war. 
 
 Philip winters in Thrace. 
 
 Selymbria blockaded by Philip. — Embassy to Persia at the instance of 
 Demosthenes, and Persian aid obtained. — Peace with Samnium. 
 
 The sieges of Perinthus and Byzantium raised. — Timoleon defeats the 
 Carthaginians at the river Crimesus.— Rome and Latium at war. 
 
 Philip general of the Amphictyons.— Decree of Demosthenes for al- 
 liance with Thebes. — Battle of Chaeronea. — Archidamus slain in Italy. 
 
 Congress of the Amphictyonic states at Corinth. — War proclaimed 
 against Persia. — Death of Timoleon. — End of the Latin war. 
 
 Philip is assassinated by Pausanias at iEgae, and succeeded by Alex- 
 ander. 
 
 Alexander engages the Triballi and the Illyrians. — Revolt of the 
 Thebans on the reported death of Alexander. — Thebes destroyed. 
 
 Alexander passes the Hellespont. — First campaign in Asia. — Battle of 
 the Granicus. — Capture of Halicarnassus and conquest of Caria. 
 
 Second campaign. — Alexander reduces Lycia. — Battle of Issus and 
 capture of the family of Darius. — Damascus taken by Parmenio. 
 
 Third campaign.— Fall of Tyre after seven months' siege. — Alexandria 
 founded. — Alexander marches to the oracle of Ammon. 
 
 Fourth campaign. — Battle of Arbela. — Flight of Darius. — Alexander 
 takes Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis. — Agis slain by Antipater. 
 
 Fifth campaign. — Darius slain, July, aet. 50. — Alexander reduces the 
 
 regions round the Caspian.— Bessus taken and delivered to the enemy. 
 Sixth campaign. — Alexander passes the Oxus. — He founds Alexandria 
 
 on the Tana'is. — Passes the Tana'is and engages the Scythians. 
 Seventh campaign. — Subjugation of Sogdiana. — Alexander goes into 
 
 winter quarters at Nautaca. 
 Eighth campaign. — Early in the spring, Roxana is captured. — The 
 
 winter is passed between the Cophen and the Indus. 
 Ninth campaign. — Alexander at Taxila in the spring. — Defeat of Porus. 
 
 Alexander at the Hyphasis at midsummer. — Second Samnite war. 
 Tenth campaign. — Alexander reaches the mouth of the Indus, Aug. 
 
 and Pura in Oct. — Nearchus proceeds on his voyage. 
 Eleventh campaign. — Alexander and Nearchus meet at Susiana. — Pro- 
 clamation for the exiles. — Death of Hephaestion. — Cossaean war. 
 Alexander' enters Babylon in the spring. — Death of Alexander at 
 
 Babylon, May or June. — The Lamian war. 
 Craterus comes from Asia to the aid of Antipater. — Battle of Cranon — 
 
 a Macedonian garrison enters Munychia. — War in Etolia. 
 Victory of Eumenes and death of Craterus. — Death of Perdiccas. — The 
 
 Romans defeated by the Samnites at the Furcae Caudinae. 
 
 C. Pontius, the Samnite general, refuses to receive the hostage consuls 
 sent by the Roman Senate. 
 
 Eumenes retires to Nora, where he is blockaded by Antigonus. — Re- 
 covery of Satricum by the Romans under the consul Papirius. 
 
 Death of Antipater. — Cassander escapes from Macedon to concert 
 measures with Ptolemy and Antigonus against Polysperchon. 
 
 Death of Phocion. — Philip Aridaeus put to death by Olympias. — Sicily 
 usurped by Agathocles. — Demetrius Phalereus governs Athens. 
 
 Campaign of Antigonus against Eumenes in Upper Asia. — Cassander 
 besieges Olympias at Pydna. 
 
 War renewed between Antigonus and Eumenes. — Olympias captured 
 and put to death by Cassander. — Cassander rebuilds Thebes. — Battle 
 of Lautulae, the dictator Fabius Maximus totally defeated by the 
 Samnites. 
 
 Demetrius Poliorcetes defeated at Gaza by Ptolemy and Seleucus.— 
 Seleucus takes possession of Babylon. — Commencement of the Era 
 of the Seleucidae. 
 
 The Etruscan war with the Romans 
 
 Battle of Himera.— Agathocles defeated.— He lands in Africa at the 
 
 time of an eclipse of the sun. 
 The Romans under the dictator Papirius gain a decided victory over the 
 
 Samnites. 
 Short war of the Romans under the consul Fabius with the Umbrians. 
 
 Demetrius Poliorcetes approaches the Piraeus in June. — He besieges 
 
 Munychia, and occupies Megara. — Agathocles leaves Africa. 
 Naval victory of Demetrius over Ptolemy. — Antigonus, Lysimachus, 
 
 Seleucus, and Ptolemy assume the title of Kings. 
 The restoration of Thebes accomplished.— Bovianum taken by the 
 
 Romans, and Statius Gallus the Samnite general captured. 
 Siege of Rhodes by Demetrius Poliorcetes.— The Samnites submit to 
 
 the consul Sulpicius and become subject to Rome. 
 Siege of Rhodes terminated.— Peace with the Rhodians. — Demetrius 
 
 Poliorcetes sails to Greece to oppose Cassander. 
 Campaign against Cassander. — Antigonus opposes Lysimachus in Cap- 
 
 padocia. — Seleucus approaches from Upper Asia.. 
 The three kings, having w-intered in Asia, engage at Ipsus in Phrygia. 
 
 Antigonus falls, aet. 81.— Flight of Demetrius. 
 
 POETS— THE DRAMA 
 
 Demosthenes xoprtyos at the Dionysia 
 of the archon Thessalus 
 
 Heraclides of the Middle Comedy fl. 
 
 Anaxandrides of the Middle Comedy 
 exhibits at the Olympia at Dium 
 
 Birth of Menander, one of the six 
 standards of the New Comedy, and 
 nephew of Alexis 
 
 Aphareus, trag. exhibits till this year 
 
 Epigenes of the Middle Comedy fl. 
 
 Lycurgus the orator restores the credit 
 of the comic exhibitions at the Le- 
 naean festival, and enacts honours 
 for the three great tragic poets 
 
 Philippides, one of the six standards 
 of the New Comedy, fl. 
 
 Theodectes the tragic poet died, circa 
 
 Stephanus of the Middle Comedy, son 
 of Antiphanes, fl. 
 
 Philemon, one of the six standards 
 of the New Comedy, began to ex- 
 hibit. — Death of Antiphanes of the 
 Middle Comedy, aet. 74 
 
 Apollodorus of Gela, also one of the 
 six standards of the New Comedy, 
 flourished about this time 
 
 Timocles of the New Comedy exhi- 
 bits 
 
 Menandri 'Opyij — his first prize 
 
 Diphilus, one of the six standards of 
 the New Comedy, fl. 
 
 Alexis of the Middle Comedy still 
 living 
 
 Anaxippus of the New Comedy fl. 
 
 Archedicus of the New Comedy fl. 
 
 Philippides of the New Comedy is 
 intimate with Lysimachus 
 
B.C. 300—251 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
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 ROMAN 
 CONSULS 
 
 Q. Appuleius Pansa 
 M. Valer. Corvus 5 
 M. Fulvius Paetinus 
 T. ManL Torquatus 
 L. Cornelius Scipio 
 Cn. Fulv. Max. Cent. 
 Q. Fab. Max. Rullian. 
 P. Decius Mus 3 
 Ap. Claud. Csecus 2 
 L.Vol. Flam.Violens 2 
 Q. Fab. Max. Rullian. 
 P. Decius Mus 4 
 L. Post. Megellus 2 
 M. Atilius Regulus 
 L. Papirius Cursor 
 Sp. Carvil. Maximus 
 Q. Fab. Max. Gurges 
 D. Jun. Brutus Scaava 
 L. Post. Megellus 3 
 C. Jun. Brut. Bubulcus 
 
 P. Cornel. Rufinus 
 M. Curius Dentatus 
 M.Val. Max.Corvinus 
 Q. Casdicius Noctua 
 M. Marc. Tremulus 
 P. Corn. Arvina 2 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 C. Nautius Rutilus 
 M.Val. Max. Potitus 
 C. JElixis Partus 
 M. Claud. Canina 
 M. JEmil. Lepidus 
 C. Servilius Tucca 
 L. Cecil. Metellus 
 P. C. Dolabelia Max. 
 Cn. Domit. Calvinus 
 C. Fabric. Luscinus 
 Q. iEmilius Papus 
 L. iEmil. Barbula 
 Q. Marc. Philippus 
 
 P. Valer. Lajvinus 
 Tib. Coruncanius 
 P. Sulpic. Saberrio 
 P. Decius Mus 
 C. Fab. Luscinus 2 
 Q. jErail. Papus 2 
 P. Com. Rufinus 2 
 C. J. Brutus Bubulc. 2 
 Q. Fabius Gurges 2 
 C. Genuc. Clepsina 
 M. C. Dentatus 2 
 L. Corn. Lentulus 
 M. C. Dentatus 3 
 Serv. C. Merenda 
 C. F. Dorso Licinus 
 C. CI. Canina 2 
 L. Pap. Cursor 2 
 Sp. Carvil. Max. 2 
 C. Quintius Claudius 
 L. Genuc. Clepsina 
 
 C. Genuc. Clepsina 
 Cn. Corn. Blasio 
 Q. Ogulnius Gallus 
 
 C. Fabius Pictor 
 P. Sempr. Soph us 
 Ap. Claudius Rufus 
 M. Atilius Regulus 
 L. Julius Libo 
 
 N. Fabius Pictor 
 
 D. Junius Pera 
 Q.Fabius Max.Gurg.3 
 L. Mamil. Vitulus 
 Ap. Claud. Caudex 
 M. Fulvius Flaccus 
 M. Val. Maximus 
 
 M. Otacil. Crassus 
 L. Postum. Megellus 
 
 E. Mamil. Vitulus 
 .Valer. Flaccus 
 T. Otacil. Crassus 
 
 C. C. Scipio Asina 
 C. Duilius 
 L. Cornel. Scipio 
 C. Aquill. Florus 
 A. Atil. Calatinus 
 C. Sulpic. Paterculus 
 C. Atilius Regulus 
 Cn. Corn. Blasio 2 
 L. Man.Vulso Longus 
 M. Atil. Regulus 2 
 S. F. Ptetinus Nobilior 
 M. jEmil. Paullus 
 Cn. C. Scipio Asina 2 
 A. Atil. Calatinus 2 
 Cn. Serr. Csepio 
 C. SeiMj). Blsesus 
 C. Aurelius Cotta 
 P. Servil. Geminus 
 L. Ctecil. Metellus 
 C. Furius Pacilus 
 
 Punic 
 
 Ph Achaean hJ 
 
 . Pyrrhus 
 'circa' 295. 
 
 1 First 
 Punic 
 
 2 War 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 25 
 Pr.26 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 29 
 
 — 30 
 
 Kings a 
 
 ■o of ^ 
 
 '3> g 
 
 «S Sparta fij 
 
 10 Areus I. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 Archida. 
 
 mus IV. 
 
 16 
 
 42 Eudami- 
 
 das II. 
 
 43 
 
 1 Acrotatus 
 1 Areus II. 
 
 1 Leonidas 
 II. 
 
 Kings 
 
 17 Olympias 
 Lysima- 24 
 
 18 chus 25 
 
 19 26 
 
 Phil. 4m. 
 
 1 Antipa. 27 
 ter and 
 
 2 Alexan-28 
 
 der 
 
 3 29 
 
 1 Dome- 30 
 
 trius 
 
 2 31 
 
 3 32 
 
 4 33 
 
 1 Lysima- 37 
 
 chus 
 
 2 38 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 Ceraunus 
 
 1 Meleager 
 1 Sosthenes 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Antigonus 
 Gonatus 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Asia 
 
 2 Demetrius 
 Poliorcetes 
 
 3 
 
 — Captured 
 by Se.eucus 
 
 Kings of 
 Pergamus 
 1 Philetarus 
 
 US 
 6 Nicome- 1 
 des I. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Syria 
 
 13 Seleucus 
 
 Nicator 
 
 14 
 
 1 Antiochus 
 Soter 
 
 1 Eume- 16 
 
 nes I. 
 
 2 17 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 Zielas 1 
 'circa' 
 
 11 
 
 12 ■ — ■ 
 
 3 
 
 1Q _ m = 
 
 10 tc o 
 
 14 — S* 
 
 15 Ariobar- 1 
 
 zanes 
 
 16 III. 2 
 
 17 3 
 
 18 4 
 
 19 5 
 
 1 Antio- 
 chus 
 
 2 Theus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 24 Ptolemy 
 
 Soter 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 26 
 26 
 27 
 
 39 Ptolemy 1 
 Philadel- 
 
 40 phus 2 
 
 1 3 
 
 "3 4 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 15 
 
 HISTORIANS, ETC. 
 
 Birth of Lyco the peripatetic. — Eu- 
 clid the mathematician, fl. 
 
 Arcesilaus directs the Middle Acade- 
 my.— Zeno of Cittium, the Stoic, fl. 
 
 Diyllus closed his history about this 
 period 
 
 Demetrius Phalerius the orator with- 
 draws, after the death of Cassander, 
 to Egypt 
 
 Dinarchus, the orator, returns from 
 exile 
 
 Dia»archus, geograph. fl. 
 
 Birth of Archimedes. — Strato suc- 
 ceeds Theophrastus in the Lyce- 
 um. — Crates, the philosopher, the 
 friend and disciple of Pelemo, fl. 
 
 Dionysius began his astronomical era, 
 June 26, being the first who found 
 the exact solar year to be 365 days 
 5 hours 48 minutes and 57 seconds. 
 
 Demetrius Phalereus is in great credit 
 in Egypt till the death of Soter, but 
 is disgraced by Philadelphus 
 
 Timocharis, astron. fl. 
 
 Demosthenes honoured with a statue. 
 
 Chrysippus, stoic, b.— Cineas,orat.fl. 
 Aristarchus of Samos,astron. — Timon 
 
 Phliasis, crit. fl. — Duris, hist. fl. 
 The four schools of philosophy, Strato, 
 
 Zeno, Epicurus, and Arcesilaus, fl. 
 Death of Metrodorus the Epicurean, 
 
 a?t. 53. — Idomeneus of Lampsacus, 
 
 hist, fl.— Colotes, the Stoic, fl. 
 
 Birth of Eratosthenes, chronol. 
 
 Birth of Euphorion of Chalcis, poet, 
 fl. 
 
 Birth of Aratus of Sicyon. — Zenodo. 
 tus of Ephesus, critic, fl. 
 
 Death of Strato the Peripatetic— Lyco 
 succeeds. — Death of Epicurus, aet. 
 72. — Hermachus succeeds. — Death 
 of Polemo the Platonic philosopher 
 
 Manetho, hist. fl. 
 
 History of Dionysius Halic. ends.— 
 
 Timasus ends at the same period 
 The Parian marble ends 
 
 Death of Zeno, according to Eusebius. 
 
 Dionysius Metathemenus, phil. fl. 
 Timosthenes Khodius, geog. ob. 
 
 Death of Zeno the Stoic, according 
 to Laertius; he is succeeded by 
 Cleanthes 
 
 Erasistratus medicus, the grandson 
 of Aristotle, fl. 
 
 Sosibius of Laconia, gram. fl. 
 
 GREECE AND ROME 
 
 Athens besieged by Demetrius Poliorcetes during the tyranny of 
 
 Lachares. — Agathocles takes Crotona. 
 Third Samnite war — First campaign — Battle near Volaterraa in favour 
 
 of the Romans. 
 Second campaign — Destructive invasion of Samnium, Gellius Egnatius 
 
 joins the Etrurians. 
 Third campaign — Samnium relieved by Egnatius — Alarm at Rome on 
 
 his invasion of their territory. — Death of Cassander. 
 Fourth campaign — Battle of Sentinum, Decius devotes himself to death — 
 
 Egnatius slain in battle by Fabius. 
 Fifth campaign — Battle of Luceria gained by the Romans. — Demetrius 
 
 Poliorcetes, having removed the sons of Cassander, reigns in Macedon. 
 Sixth campaign — Both the consuls are victorious, and triumph on their 
 
 return. — The first sun-dial at Rome, erected by Papirius Cursor. 
 Seventh campaign — The Romans are defeated by C. Pontius, but in the 
 
 next battle he is captured. 
 Eighth campaign — Triumph of the Fabii, and murder of C. Pontius, the 
 
 Samnite general, at the conclusion of the ceremony. 
 
 Ninth campaign and end of the Samnite war. — Demetrius Poliorcetes 
 
 celebrates the Pythian games at Athens. 
 Death of Agathocles. 
 
 Demetrius Poliorcetes driven by Pyrrhus from Macedon. 
 
 Pyrrhus expelled from Macedon by Lycimachus, after seven months' 
 
 possession. 
 Ptolemy Philadelphus is associated in the sovereignty by his father, 
 
 Soter. 
 The Septuagint translation of the Old Testament made about this time. 
 
 The Pharos of Alexandria built. 
 Death of Demetrius Poliorcetes, set. 54. — Death of Ptolemy Soter. — 
 
 The Consul Metellus killed at Arretium. 
 The Tarentines surprise the Roman fleet. — The Roman ambassadors 
 
 demanding satisfaction are dismissed with insult. 
 Lysimachus defeated and slain by Seleucus, July. — The Tarentine war 
 
 begins. — Embassy to Pyrrhus from the Italian Greeks. 
 
 Seleucus murdered by Ptolemy Ceraunus, July. — Pyrrhus passes into 
 Italy. — Rise of the Achasan League. — Ceraunus slain by the Gauls,Oct. 
 
 Irruption of the Gauls into Greece. — Battle of Asculum. — League 
 between Rome and Carthage. 
 
 Destruction of the Gauls under Brennus at Delohi. — Pvrrhus passes 
 into Sicily. 
 
 Pyrrhus leaves Sicily. — His fleet is dispersed by the Carthaginians on 
 
 his way to Italy. 
 Pyrrhus defeated by the consul Curius at Beneventum, embarks for 
 
 Epirus. 
 Embassy from Ptolemy Philadelphus to Rome. 
 
 Death of Pyrrhus. — Final submission of Samnium, Lucania, and Bru- 
 
 tium. — Fall of Tarentum. 
 Rhegium taken and restored to the old inhabitants, the remains of the 
 
 Campanian legion being put to death. 
 
 Hiero becomes king of Syracuse. 
 
 War with the Picentes. — Silver first coined at Rome. 
 
 The conquest of the Picentians completed by the consul Sempronius. — 
 Colonies established at Ariminum and Beneventum. — Athens taken 
 by Antigonus Gonatus. 
 
 The Sallentines and the Sarcinates subdued. — Conquest of the Messa- 
 pians and occupation of Brundusium. 
 
 First Punic War. — Gladiators first exhibited. — TheVolsinii subdued. — 
 
 The Romans become masters of all Italy. 
 Hiero makes peace with the Romans, who exact from him 100 talents 
 
 of silver. 
 Surrender of Agrigentum after seven months' siege to the consuls Me- 
 
 gellus and Vitulus. — Battle of Sardis. 
 
 The Romans first prepare a fleet. 
 
 Naval victory of Duilius over the Carthaginians off" Mylae. — Descent 
 
 of Scipio upon Corsica and Sardinia. 
 The consul Sulpicius takes several galleys from Hannibal ofF Sardinia ; 
 
 Hannibal is murdered in revenge by his mariners. 
 
 The Carthaginian fleet under Hanno and Hamilcar defeated by the 
 consuls near Ecnomus. — The consul Regulus lands in Africa. 
 
 Defeat and capture of Regulus by Xantippus. — Naval victory, the Car- 
 thaginians lose 114 ships; the Roman fleet destroyed by a tempest. 
 
 The Romans complete another fleet of 220 ships in three months. — Sur- 
 render of Panormus. 
 
 The consuls Servilius and Sempronius sail to Africa. — A second tem- 
 pest, 150 ships lost. — The Romans desist from naval expeditions. 
 
 Aratus delivers Sicyon. — The Romans again resolve on naval prepara- 
 tions. 
 
 POETS— THE DRAMA 
 
 Demetrius of the New Comedy fl. 
 
 Death of Menander, aet. 51 
 
 Posidippus, one of the six standards, 
 of the New Comedy begins to ex. 
 hibit 
 
 Sopator of Paphos, of the New Come, 
 dy, exhibits 
 
 Lynceus, comic poet, fl. — Sotades 
 
 poeta, fl. 
 Homerus — Sosistheus — Philiscus — 
 
 Corcyraeus — Sosiphanes, and Dio- 
 
 nysides, tragic poets, fl. — Anyte' of 
 
 Tegea, epigr. poet, fl. 
 
 Aratus of Soli, poet, fl. — Alexander 
 jEtolus, tr3g. fl. — Theocritus, poet, 
 fl. 
 
 Antagoras Rhodius, poet, fl. 
 
 Death of Philemon of the New Come- 
 dy, aet 97 
 
 Lycophron, trag. — ' Alexandr.' 
 
 Callimachus, fl. 
 
B.C. 250—201 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 4464 
 4465 
 4466 
 4467 
 4468 
 4469 
 4470 
 4471 
 4472 
 4473 
 
 4474 
 4475 
 4476 
 4477 
 4478 
 4479 
 4480 
 4481 
 4482 
 4483 
 
 4484 
 4485 
 4486 
 4487 
 4488 
 4489 
 4490 
 4491 
 4492 
 4493 
 
 4494 
 4495 
 4496 
 4497 
 4498 
 4499 
 4500 
 4501 
 4502 
 4503 
 
 4504 
 4505 
 4506 
 4507 
 4508 
 4509 
 4510 
 4511 
 4512 
 4513 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 133.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 134.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 135.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 136.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 137.1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 138.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 139.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 140.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 141.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 142.1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 143.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 144.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 501 
 505 
 606 
 .507 
 508 
 SOS 
 510 
 511 
 512 
 513 
 
 S 
 
 « 
 
 250 
 949 
 848 
 8*7 
 
 246 
 846 
 
 214 
 243 
 
 242 
 241 
 
 210 
 
 sag 
 
 938 
 
 237 
 236 
 835 
 
 254 
 2;;j 
 232 
 
 aw 
 
 290 
 
 219 
 218 
 217 
 216 
 815 
 
 211 
 213 
 
 212 
 211 
 
 ROMAN 
 CONSULS 
 
 C. Atil. Regulus 2 
 L. Manl. Vulso 2 
 P. Claud. Pulcher 
 L. Junius Pullus 
 C. Aurel. Cotta 2 
 P. Servil. Geminus 2 
 L. Caecil. Metellus 2 
 N. Fabius Buteo 
 M. Otacil. Crassus 2 
 M. Fabius Licinus 
 M. Fabius Buteo 
 C. Atilius Bulbus 
 A. M. Torqu. Atticup 
 C. Semp. Blzesus 2 
 C. Fund. Fundulus 
 C. Sulpic. Gallus 
 C. Lutat. Catulus 
 A. Post. Albinus >^ 
 A. M. Torqu. Atticus 2 
 Q. Lutatius Cerco 
 
 p., Achaean 2j 
 
 15 First 
 Punic 
 
 16 War 
 
 17 33 
 
 18 Harail- 34 
 
 car 
 
 19 35 
 
 20 36 
 
 Kings Si 
 
 -3 of 73 
 
 Mo S 
 
 <J Sparta p. 
 
 C. Claudius Centho 
 M. Sempr. Tuditanus 
 C. Mamil. Turrinus 
 C. Valerius Falto 
 Ti. Sempr. Gracchus 
 P. Valerius Falto 
 L. C. Lentulus Caud. 
 Q. Fulvius Flaccus 
 P. C. Lentulus Caud. 
 C. Licinius Varus 
 T. Manl. Torquatus 
 C. Atil. Bulbus 2 
 L. Postum. Albinus 
 Sp. Carvilius Max. 
 Q. Fabius Max.Verr. 
 M. Pompon. Mathon. 
 M. TEmilius Lepidus 
 M. Poblic. Malleolus 
 M. Pomp. Mathon. 
 C. Papirius Maso 
 
 M. JEmil. Barbula 
 M. Junius Pera 
 L. Post. Albinus 2 
 Cn. Fulv. Centumalus 
 Sp. Carvilius Max. 2 
 Q. Fabius Max.Verr. 2 
 P.Valerius Flaccus 
 M. Atilius Regulus 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 L. Apustius Fullo 
 L. iEmilius Papus 
 C. Atilius Regulus 
 T. Manl. Torquatus 2 
 Q. Fulv. Flaccus 2- 
 C. Flaminius , 
 
 P. Furius Philus 
 Cn. C. Scipio Calvus 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 P. Corn. Scipio Asina 
 M. Minucius Rul'us 
 
 L.Veturius Philo 
 C. Lutatius Catulus 
 M. Livius Salinator 
 L. jEmilius Paullus 
 P. Cornelius Scipio 
 Ti. Sempr. Longus 
 Cn. Servil. Geminus 
 C. Flaminius 2 
 C. Terentius Varro 
 L. jEmil. Paullus 2 
 C. Postum. Albinus 3 
 Ti. Semp. Gracchus 
 Q. Fabius Max.Verr. 4 
 M. CI. Marcellus 3 
 Q. Fabius Maximus 
 Ti. Semp. Gracchus 2 
 Q. Fulvius Flaccus 3 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 Cn. F. Centumalus 
 P. Sulpicius Galba 
 
 M. Valer. Lasvinus 
 M. CI. Marcellus 4 
 Q. Fabius Max.Verr. 5 
 Q. Fulvius Flaccus 4 
 M. CI. Marcellus 5 
 T. Quinct. Crispinus 
 C. Claudius Nero 
 M. Livius Salinator 2 
 Q. C»cil. Metellus 
 L.Veturius Philo 
 P. Cornelius Scipio 
 P. Lie. Crassus Dives 
 M. Corn. Cethegus 
 P. Sempr. Tuditanus 
 Cn. Servilius Caepio 
 C. Servilius 
 Ti. Claudius Nero 
 M. Servil. Geminus 
 Cn. Corn. Lentulus 
 P. jElius Partus 
 
 - Leon idas 
 II. 
 
 22 Pr. 38 
 
 23 
 
 39 
 
 1 First 
 Int.of 
 
 40 
 
 2 Peace 
 
 41 
 
 3 
 
 42 
 
 4Hamil- 
 
 43 
 
 carin 
 5 Spain 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 47 
 
 9 
 
 48 
 
 10 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 13Hasdru 
 
 bal in 
 14 Spain 
 
 -52 
 53 
 
 15 
 
 54 
 
 16 
 
 55 
 
 17 
 
 56 
 
 18 
 
 57 
 
 19 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 59 
 
 21 Han. P.60 
 nibal in 
 
 22 Spain P.61 
 
 23 Pr. 62 
 
 1 Second P.63 
 
 Punic 
 
 2 War P.64 
 
 3 Pr.65 
 
 4 
 
 66 
 
 5 
 
 67 
 
 6 
 
 68 
 
 7 
 
 69 
 
 8 
 
 70 
 
 9 
 
 71 
 
 10 
 
 72 
 
 11 Pr.73 
 
 12 Pr. 74 
 
 13 
 
 75 
 
 14 
 
 76 
 
 15 
 
 77 
 
 lGHanni- 78 
 
 bal in 
 17AfricaP.79 
 
 lSecondP.80 
 Peace 
 
 [tus II. 
 
 - Cleombro- 
 
 Agis I 
 
 IV. 2 
 
 [rest. 
 
 1 Leonidas 
 
 Eury- - 
 
 2 dami- 
 
 1 Cleomenes 
 
 IIL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Archi- 
 
 damus 
 
 V. 
 
 [III. 
 lAgesipolis 
 
 Lycur 
 
 gusl. 
 
 1 Machani- 
 das 
 
 4 Masi. 1 
 
 ni-.su 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 28 Antigonus 
 
 Gonatus 
 
 29 
 
 1 Demetrius 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 g Kings o 
 
 I 'S 
 
 5> of >• 
 
 Kings 
 of 
 
 14Eumenes 1 
 
 Zielas 2 
 
 15 3 
 
 1 Antigonus 
 
 Doson 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Philip V. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Attalus 11 
 I. 
 
 14 Prusias 1 
 
 I. 
 
 15 - 
 
 12 Antiochus 
 Ariobar-17 
 
 13 zanes 18 
 
 III. 
 
 14 19 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 36 Ptolemy 
 Philadel- 
 
 37 phus 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 lSeleucus21 
 
 Callini- 
 2 cus 22 
 
 Mithri. 1 
 dates 
 IV. 2 
 
 lSeleucusl5 
 Cerau. 
 
 2 nus 16 
 
 3 17 
 
 1 Antio- 18 
 
 chus 
 
 2 Mag. 19 
 
 nus 
 
 3 20 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 Evergetes 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 Philopater 
 
 SI 
 
 32 
 
 331 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 •II) 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 Epiphanes 
 
 2 
 
1T0RICAL TABLES 
 
 N°16 
 
 3 
 
 GREEK WRITERS 
 
 ROMAN REPUBLIC 
 
 ROMAN AUTHORS 
 
 es 
 s-11 
 
 s 12 
 
 Bsl3 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 Hieronymus of Rhodes, stoic, fl. 
 
 Heraclitus of Halicarnassus the poet, 
 and Philostephanus of Cyrene, hist. 
 fl. 
 
 Nymphis of Heraclea brought his 
 
 history to this year 
 Euphantus of Olynthus, hist. fl. 
 
 Death of Arcesilaiis of the Middle 
 Academy. — Lacydes succeeds 
 
 Victory of Metellus at Panormus. — Regulus pleads in the Senate for war. 
 
 Siege of Lilybaeum — Arsaces founds the Parthian monarchy. 
 Naval defeat of Claudius Pulcher by Adherbal off Drepanum. — The 
 
 Romans lose every ship by storm, and again abandon the sea. 
 
 Hamilcar Barcas appointed general of the Carthaginians. — Birth of 
 
 Hannibal. 
 Hamilcar encamps his forces between Panormus and Eryx in Sicily, 
 
 where he maintains his post nearly three years. 
 Hamilcar takes Eryx by surprise. 
 
 The Consul Fundanius opposed to Barcas in Sicily. — Aratus delivers 
 
 Corinth. 
 The Romans again prepare a fleet. 
 
 Naval victory of Catulus over Hanno at the iEgates. — End of the first 
 Punic war. — War with the Falisci. — Agis King of Sparta put to death. 
 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 as 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 Lysimachus, phil. fl.— Neanthes of 
 Cyzicum, hist. fl. 
 
 Ister, poet, the disciDle of Callima- 
 chus, fl. 
 
 Ptolemy Physcon about this time pro- 
 cures the MSS. of Sophocles, Euri- 
 pides, and iEschylus, from the Athe- 
 nians, upon a pledge of 15 talents 
 
 The Libyan war terminated. — Hamilcar sent into Spain. — War with the 
 
 Boii and Ligurians. 
 The Ludi Sasculares celebrated ; the games attended by Hiero King of 
 
 Syracuse with 200,000 modii of wheat. 
 Irruption of the Transalpine Gauls. — Rome threatens Carthage with 
 
 war, but is induced by an embassy to desist. 
 Sardinia conquered by the Romans. — The temple of Janus is shut a 
 
 second time. 
 War in Liguria, Corsica, and Sardinia. — Sardinia revolts and is again 
 
 invaded. 
 The consul Fabius Maximus subdues the Ligurians. — The judicature of 
 
 the Centumviri erected. — Sardinia a third time invaded. 
 Agrarian law of C. Flaminius. — Sardinia a fourth time invaded. 
 
 Divorce of Spurius Carvilius. — Sardinia and Corsica reduced to a 
 province. 
 
 Livius Andronicus began to exhibit 
 Birth of Ennuis the poet 
 
 Nsevius the poet flourished 
 Birth of Cato 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 Macho the comic poet and teacher of 
 Aristophanes the critic fl.— Apollo- 
 dorus of Carystus, comic poet, fl. 
 
 Death of Lyco the peripatetic, at. 74. 
 Aristo of Ceos, succeeds in the Ly- 
 ceum 
 
 Antigonus of Carystus, biog. fl. 
 
 Eratosthenes, librarian at Alexandria, 
 
 flourished 
 Rhianus the poet flourished 
 
 Euphorion, librarian to Antiochus, ob. 
 Archimedes fl.— Archimelus, poet 
 
 Teuta Queen of Illyria procures the murder of an ambassador sent 
 
 from Rome, which leads to war. 
 The first Illyrian war. — Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain. 
 
 Peace with Illyria. — First Roman embassy to Greece. 
 
 War between Cleomenes and Aratus " 
 
 The Gallic war. — The Gauls defeated in Etruria by the consul Emi- 
 lius. — The consul Regulus slain. — The Roman force near 800,000 men. 
 The Boii subdued. — Cleomenes restores the Agrarian laws of Sparta. 
 
 The Romans legions first pass the Po. — Victory of Flaminius over the 
 
 Insubres. 
 Victory of Marcellus. — Insubria and Liguria formed into the province of 
 
 Cisalpine Gaul. — Battle of Sellasia, Cleomenes defeated by Antigonus. 
 Hannibal succeeds Hasdrubal in Spain. — Conquest of Istria. 
 
 Q. Fabius Pictor the historian serves 
 in the Gallic war. — L. C. Alimentus, 
 hist. fl. 
 
 ssl4 
 on 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 The History of Aratus ends.— The 
 
 History of Polybius begins. 
 Phylarchus, hist, flourished 
 
 Samius the poet begins to be distin- 
 guished 
 
 Mnesiptolemus the poet fl. — Epinicus 
 the comic poet fl. 
 
 Death of Lacydes. — Evander succeeds 
 in the Middle Academy 
 
 Birth of Carneades of Cyrene, the 
 founder of the New Academy. 
 
 Death of Aratus of Sicyon. — Death of 
 Archimedes, at. 75 
 
 Battle of Caphyas. — Commencement of the Social war. 
 
 Saguntum taken by Hannibal. — Second Illyrian war. — Demetrius flies 
 for protection to Philip King of Macedon. 
 
 The second Punic war. — Hannibal passes the Alps. — The Romans de- 
 feated at the Ticin and the Trebia. — Inroads of Philip into Etolia. 
 
 Hannibal passes into Etruria. — Flaminius defeated and slain at Thrasy- 
 mene. — Hannibal winters in Daunia. 
 
 Battle of Cannas, total defeat of the Romans. — Hannibal winters at 
 Capua. — Casilinum taken. — Posthumius defeated and slain in Gaul. 
 
 Hannibal enters into treaty with Philip of Macedon.— Hasdrubal the 
 Bald defeated by th» Romans in Sicily. — Hannibal winters in Apulia. 
 
 Fabius retakes Casilinum. — Marcellus sent into Sicily. — Syracuse be- 
 sieged. — The siege turned to a blockade by the Romans. 
 
 Progress of the Scipios in Spain. — They engage Syphax K. of Masae- 
 sylia against Carthage. — Syphax defeated with great loss by Masinissa. 
 
 Tarentum surprised by Hannibal. — Syracuse taken by Marcellus. — 
 Death of Archimedes. — The two Scipios killed in Spain. 
 
 Capua recovered by the Romans. — Scipio the Younger sent into Spain. 
 Confederacy with the Etolians against Philip of Macedon. 
 
 Birth of Pacuvius, trag. 
 
 Fabius Pictor the historian sent am- 
 bassador to Delphi 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 • 15 
 16 
 
 ■ 17 
 
 - 18 
 
 - 19 
 
 Death of Chrysippus the Stoic, a?t. 73. 
 Zeno Tarsensis succeeds 
 
 Sotion of Alexandria, critic, fl. 
 
 Hermippus of Smyrna, biog. fl. 
 
 Silenus,— Sosilus, — and Menodotus, 
 the historians, fl. 
 
 Fulvius Centumalus defeated by Hannibal at Herdonia— Agrigentum 
 
 delivered to the consul Laevinus. — Carthago Nova taken by Scipio. 
 Tarentum recovered by the consul Fabius Maximus. 
 
 Marcellus slain in an ambush. — Hannibal forces Cincius to raise the 
 
 siege of Locri. — Lasvinus defeats the Carthaginian fleet off Clypea. 
 Battle of the Metaurus — Hasdrubal defeated and slain by the consuls 
 
 Livius and Nero. — Hannibal retires into Bruttium. 
 Scipio, in Africa, leagues with Syphax. — Masinissa treats with Scipio 
 
 at Gades. — Battle of Mantinea. — The Carthaginians abandon Spain. 
 Scipio, now consul, passes into Sicily. — Mago lands an army in Italy. — 
 
 Scipio sends Laslius into Africa, who there confers with Masinissa. 
 Peace between the Romans and King Philip.— Syphax secedes from the 
 
 Roman interest. — Scipio lands in Africa, and is joined by Masinissa. 
 Syphax defeated and captured. — Masinissa saluted as king by Scipio. — 
 
 Hmnibal leaves Italy. — Peace proposed. — Hannibal lands in Africa. 
 Interview between Hannibal and Scipio. — Battle of Zama. — End of the 
 
 second Punic war. 
 Peace granted to the Carthaginians..— Triumph of Scipio. — Sea fight 
 
 near Chios. — King Philip defeated by Attalus and the Rhodians. 
 
 i 
 
 Cato, quasstor. — Ennius the poet 
 brought to Rome by the quasstor 
 Cato from Sardinia 
 
 Death of Naevius 
 
 
 
 
 
B.C. 200—151 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
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 552 
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 SOB 
 
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 001 
 602 
 
 on 
 
 ROMAN 
 CONSULS 
 
 P. Sulp.GalbaMax.2 
 C. Aurelius Cotta 
 L. Corn. Lentulus 
 P.Vilius Tappulus 
 T. Qu. Flamininus 
 Sex. JEl Partus Catus 
 C. Corn. Cethegus 
 Q. Minucius Rufus 
 L. Furius Purpureo 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 M. Porcius Cato 
 L.Valerius Flaccus 
 P. C. Scipio Afric. 2 
 Ti. Sempr. Longus 
 L. Cornel. Merula 
 Q. Minuc. Thermus 
 L. Qu. Flamininus 
 Cn. D. Ahenobarbus 
 M'Acilius Glabrio 
 P. C. Scipio Nasica 
 
 L. Cornelius Scipio 
 C. Laelius 
 Cn. Manlius Vulso 
 M. Fulvius Nobilior 
 C. Livius Salinator 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 M. vEmil. Lepidus 
 C. Flaminius 
 Sp. Post. Albinus 
 Q. Marc. Philippus 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 M. Semp. Tuditanus 
 P. Claud. Pulcher 
 L. Pore. Licinus 
 Q. Fabius Labeo 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 L. .flJmil. Paullus 
 Cn. Basb. Tamphilus 
 P. Corn. Cethegus 
 M. Bart). Tamphilus 
 
 A. Post. Albinus 
 C. Calpurn. Piso 
 L. M. Acidinus Fulv. 
 Q. Fulvius Flaccus 
 M. Junius Brutus 
 A. Manlius Vulso 
 C. Claud. Pulcher 
 Ti. Sempr. Gracchus 
 Cn. C. Scipio Hispal. 
 Q. Petil. Spurinus 
 P. Mucius Scaevula 
 M. JEm. Lepidus 2 
 Sp.Post. Alb. Paullus 
 Q. Mucius Scffivula 
 L. Post. Albinus 
 M. Popillius Lasnas 
 C. Popillius Lsenas 
 P. JElius Ligus 
 P. Licinius Crassus 
 C. Cassius Longinus 
 
 A. Hostil. Mancinus 
 A. Atil. Serranus 
 Q. M. Philippus 2 
 Cn. Servil. Caepio 
 L. JEm. Paullus 2 
 C. Licinius Crassus 
 Q. vElius Partus 
 M. Junius Pennus 
 C. Sulpic. Gallus 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 T. Manl. Torquatus 
 Cn. Octavius 
 A. Manl. Torquatus 
 C. Cassius Longinus 
 Ti. Sempr. Gracchus 2 
 M' Juvent. Thalna 
 P. C. Scipio Nasica 
 C. Marc. Figulus 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 C. Fannius Strabo 
 
 L. Anicius Gallus 
 M. Corn. Cethegus 
 Cn. Corn. Dolabella 
 M. Fulvius Nobilior 
 M. JEmil. Lepidus 
 C. Popil. Laenas 2 
 Sex. Julius Cassar 
 L. Aurel. Orestes 
 L.C. Lentulus Lupus 
 C. M. Figulus 2 
 P. C. Scipio Nasica 2 
 M. CI. Marcellus 2 
 Q. Opimius 
 L. Post. Albinus 
 Q. Fulvius Nobilior 
 T. Annius Luscus 
 M. CI. Marcellus 3 
 L. Valerius Flaccus 
 L. Licin. Lucullus 
 A. Post. Albinus 
 
 -3 
 9 
 
 ■ 
 
 Punic 
 
 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 t>0 
 
 I 
 
 Achaean ^ 
 
 2 Second 
 Int.of P.81 
 
 3 Peace 82 
 
 4 
 
 Pr.83 
 
 5 
 
 84 
 
 6 Hanni- 85 
 bal in 
 
 7 Syria P. 86 
 
 8 
 
 87 
 
 9 
 
 88 
 
 10 
 
 Pr.89 
 
 11 
 
 Pr.90 
 
 12 
 
 91 
 
 13 
 
 Pr.92 
 
 14 
 
 Pr.93 
 
 15 
 
 94 
 
 16 
 
 95 
 
 17 
 
 Pr.96 
 
 18 
 
 97 
 
 19 Han. P. 98 
 nibal 
 
 20 ob. P. 99 
 
 21 
 
 circa. 
 100 
 
 22 
 
 101 
 
 23 
 
 102 
 
 24 
 
 103 
 
 25 
 
 104 
 
 26 
 
 105 
 
 27 
 
 106 
 
 28 
 
 Pr. 107 
 
 29 
 
 108 
 
 30 
 
 Pr.109 
 
 31 
 
 110 
 
 SB 
 
 Ill 
 
 33 
 
 112 
 
 34 
 
 113 
 
 35 
 
 114 
 
 36 
 
 115 
 
 37 
 
 116 
 
 38 
 
 117 
 
 39 
 
 118 
 
 40 
 
 119 
 
 11 
 
 120 
 
 42 
 
 121 
 
 43 
 
 122 
 
 14 
 
 123 
 
 15 
 
 124 
 
 16 
 
 125 
 
 47 
 
 126 
 
 18 
 
 127 
 
 •19 
 
 128 
 
 50 
 
 129 
 
 n 
 
 130 
 
 a Kings 
 
 is * 
 
 fc Tyrants 02 
 
 4 Masinissa 
 
 Nabis 7 
 
 5 8 
 
 6 9 
 
 7 10 
 
 8 11 
 
 9 12 
 
 10 13 
 
 11 14 
 
 12 ■ 
 
 •a 
 
 13 5 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Macedon 
 
 21 Philip 
 
 1 Perseus 
 
 2 
 
 - Conquered 
 by the 
 Romans 
 
 s Kings a 
 I of | 
 
 42 Attalus 
 Prusias 29 
 
 43 30 
 
 44 31 
 
 1 Eumen- 32 
 
 esll. 
 
 2 33 
 
 18 Prusias 1 
 
 IL 
 19 
 
 1 Attalus 22 
 IL 
 
 ■ 23 
 
 Kings 
 
 Syria 
 Pontu 
 
 24 Antiochus 
 Mithri- 41 
 
 25 dates 42 
 
 IV. 
 
 26 43 
 
 27 44 
 
 28 45 
 
 29 46 
 
 30 47 
 
 31 48 
 
 32 49 
 
 33 50 
 
 34 Pharna-1 
 
 ces I. 
 
 35 2 
 
 36 3 
 
 lSeleucus 4 
 
 Philopa. 
 2 ter 5 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 7 
 
 5 8 
 
 6 9 
 
 7 10 
 
 8 11 
 
 9 12 
 
 10 13 
 
 11 14 
 
 12 15 
 
 lAntio- 16 
 chus 
 
 2 Epipha- 17 
 nes 
 
 3 18 
 
 4 19 
 
 5 20 
 
 6 21 
 
 7 22 
 
 8 — 23 
 
 9 24 
 
 10 25 
 
 11 26 
 
 1 Antio. 27 
 chus 
 
 2 Eupator28 
 
 IDeme- 29 
 
 trius 
 2 Soter 30 
 
 3 31 
 
 4 32 
 
 5 33 
 
 6 34 
 
 7 Mithri- 1 
 
 dates 
 
 8 V. 2 
 
 9 3 
 
 10 4 
 
 11 5 
 
 12 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 6 Ptolemy 
 Epiphanes 
 
 7 
 
 1 Ptolemy 
 Philome- 
 
 12 Ptolemy 1 
 Physcon 
 
 13 2 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°17 
 
 GREEK WRITERS 
 
 Aristophanes of Byzantium, critic, fl. 
 Polemo periegetes, fl. 
 
 Zeno and Antisthenes, of Rhodes, the 
 historians, fl. 
 
 Alcaeus of Messenia, the poet, cele- 
 brates the victory of Titus at Cynos- 
 cephalae 
 
 Asclepiades of Myrlea, gram. fl. 
 
 Ptolemy of Megalopolis, the historian, 
 governs Cyprus for Epiphanes 
 
 Death of Eratosthenes, art. 80 or 82. — 
 Apollonius Rhodius succeeds as 
 librarian at Alexandria 
 
 Hegesinus the Platonic philosopher, 
 the successor of Evander, and pre- 
 decessor of Carneades, flourished 
 
 Aristonymus succeeds Apollonius 
 Rhodius as librarian at Alexandria 
 
 Polybius, the historian, is at the fu- 
 neral of Philopoemen. — Nicander of 
 Colophon poeta, fl. 
 
 Polybius is sent ambassador to Egypt 
 
 Death of Aristonymus, the librarian, 
 at Alexandria 
 
 Polybius i7r7rapxo?, and is ambassador 
 to the consul Marcius in Perrhaebia 
 
 Polybius and his father Lycortas ad- 
 vocate the cause of the Ptolemies 
 
 Polybius is among the Achaean exiles 
 
 Hipparchus observes the autumnal 
 equinox, Sept. 27 
 
 Satyrus the peripatetic, fl. 
 
 Hipparchus observed the autumnal 
 equinox , Sept.27.— Crates, the gram- 
 marian, is at Rome 
 
 Hipparchus again observes the au- 
 tumnal equinox, Sept. 27 
 
 Aristarchus, the critic, flourished 
 
 Diogenes the stoic, Critolaiis the peri- 
 patetic,and Carneades the academic, 
 are ambassadors to Rome 
 
 Callistratus, the disciple of Aristo. 
 phanes, and Moschus the poet, fl. 
 
 Polybius returns with the other 
 Achaean exiles to Greece 
 
 ROMAN REPUBLIC 
 
 Reception of Attalus at Athens. — First Macedonian war. — King Philip 
 
 besieges Abydos. — He dismisses the Roman ambassador Emilius. 
 King Philip defeated by the consul Sulpicius, near Octolophum. — He 
 
 defeats the jEtolians, who now declare for the Romans. 
 Siege of Elatea by Flamininus. — He forms an alliance with the Achaean 
 
 league. — Antiochus defeats Scopas at Panium and conquers Coelesyria. 
 Battle of Cynoscephala?, peace granted to Philip of Macedon. — Hamil- 
 
 car, the Carthaginian, defeated in Gaul by the consul Cethegus. 
 The consuls subdue the Insubres and the Boii. — Hannibal joins Antio- 
 chus.— Greece declared free. — Conference at Lysimachia. 
 Cato, now consul, tranquillizes Spain. — The Romans prepare for war 
 
 with Antiochus. — Nabis submits to Flamininus. — Liberation of Argos. 
 Defeat of the Boii. — Flamininus restores the JEtolian cities, Corinth, 
 
 Chalcis, and Demetrias. — Triumph of Flamininus. 
 Failure of embassy to Rome from Antiochus.— Hannibal urges an 
 
 attack upon Italy. — Encroachments of Masinissa in Africa. 
 Atilius sent into Greece. — Nabis defeated by Philopoemen, Lacedaemon 
 
 joins the Achaean League. — Antiochus passes into Greece. 
 Antiochus enters Acarnania, — Acilius defeats Antiochus at Thermopylae. 
 
 Heraclea surrendered. — Antiochus defeated at sea, retires to Phrygia. 
 
 Siege of Amphissa. — Six months' truce to the iEtolians, — L C. Scipio 
 
 passes into Asia. — Battle of Magnesia, Antiochus defeated by Scipio. 
 Ambracia besieged by the consul Fulvius, who grants peace to the 
 
 iEtolians. — The consul Manlius reduces the Gallo-Greeks in Galatia. 
 Eumenes and the ten legati join Manlius, and the treaty with Antiochus 
 
 is completed. — Philopoemen abrogates the laws of Lycurgus. 
 Achaean embassies sent to Rome and Egypt while Philopoemen is in 
 
 office. — Scipio Africanus retires to Liternum in disgust. 
 The Bacchanalian society suppressed. — The consul Marcius defeated by 
 
 the Ligurians. 
 The Romans, jealous of the growing power of Philip of Macedon. — He 
 
 remonstrates against the reductions proposed by Metellus. 
 King Philip sends his son Demetrius to Rome to conciliate the members 
 
 of the Senate. — War between Eumenes and Prusias. 
 Demetrius pleads for his father King Philip before the Roman Senate. — 
 
 Philopoemen put to death by the Messenians. 
 The Messenians surrender to Lycortas, the successor of Philopoemen. — 
 
 The Lacedaemonians enter a second time into the Achaean League. 
 Demetrius put to death by order of his father King Philip. — War in 
 
 Spain. 
 
 The Villian law, enacting the several ages required for admission to 
 public office. — The Ligurians are transported to Samnium. 
 
 Death of Philip King of Macedon. — Some books of Numa said to have 
 been found at Rome ; Livy thought them forged. 
 
 The consul Manlius carries on the war in Istria. 
 
 The war in Istria completed by the consul Claudius, and in Sardinia by 
 
 Sempronius Gracchus. 
 Death t>f the consul Cornelius Scipio. — The consul Petillius slain by the 
 
 Ligurians. 
 The Bastarnae, who had been invited from the Danube by King Philip, 
 
 enter Dardania, which excites the jealousy of the Roman Senate. 
 Perseus King of Macedon endeavours to re-establish an alliance with 
 
 the Achaeans. — Three ambassadors sent from Rome to Perseus. 
 The three ambassadors return from Macedon without audience. — Popi- 
 
 lius, the consul, gains a victory over the Ligurians. 
 Eumenes excites the Senate against Perseus.— Renewed complaints of 
 
 Carthage against Masinissa. — The Boeotian league dissolved. 
 The Second Macedonian war. — Ambassadors from Perseus sue in vain 
 
 for peace. — Licinius winters in Boeotia and Thessaly. 
 
 The consul Hostilius attempts unsuccessfully to penetrate Macedon. — 
 
 Antiochus Epiphanes takes Jerusalem. 
 The consul Marcius proceeds into Macedon. — Perseus abandons Dium, 
 
 but rallies and entrenches himself on the banks of the Enipus. 
 Battle of Pydna, June 22. — The Illyrian war ended by Anicius in 30 days. 
 
 Flight and surrender of Perseus to the consul Emilius Paullus. 
 Macedonia divided into provinces. — 70 towns in Epirus destroyed. — 
 
 1000 of the principal Achaeans exiled to Rome for 16 years. 
 The Ligurians are subdued by the consuls Gallus and Marcellus. 
 
 Demetrius Soter twelve years a hostage at Rome, is refused his release to 
 dethrone his nephew, Antiochus Eupator. — War in Corsica. 
 
 Demetrius escapes from Rome by the connivance of the historian Poly- 
 bius.— He dethrones Eupator and puts the King and his tutor Lysias 
 to death. 
 
 Philosophers and rhetoricians are prohibited at Rome. 
 
 Treaty between the Romans and the Jews against Demetrius Soter.— 
 Death of Emilius Paullus. 
 
 Ariarthes King of Cappadocia comes to Rome for protection against 
 
 Demetrius.— Cato urges the destruction of Carthage in the Senate. 
 War with the Dalmatians. It is terminated the succeeding year. 
 
 Embassy from Athens.— The Athenians obtain the remission of a fine 
 of 500 talents.— Embassy to Rome in behalf of the Achaean exiles. 
 
 The Romans first pass the Alps.— The disputes between the Ptolemies 
 terminated by the concessions of the elder. 
 
 The consuls enter upon their office on January 1.— The Celtiberian war 
 is conducted unsuccessfully by Nobilior. 
 
 War in Spain conducted by the consul Marcellus. 
 
 The Celtiberian war is unpopular at Rome.— Galba the praetor defeated 
 by the Lusitanians. — Return of the Achaean exiles. 
 
 ROMAN AUTHORS 
 
 Cato consul 
 Birth of Terence 
 
 Cato, military tribune 
 
 LCincius Alimentus, ' De re militari' 
 
 Ennius, the poet, accompanies the 
 consul Fulvius into Etolia 
 
 Cato, censor. — 
 Death of Plautus. 
 
 Caecilius, the comic poet, flourished 
 
 Birth of Attius, trag. 
 
 Death of Ennius, poeta, at. 70 
 
 Death of Caecilius, the comic poet 
 
 Terentii 'Andria' 
 
 Terentii ' Hecyra' 
 
 Sulpicius Gallus, astron. is sent to Asia 
 
 to watch the conduct of Eumenes 
 Terentii ' Heautontimorumenos ' 
 
 Terentii ' Eunuchus' 
 
 Terentii ' Adelphi' 
 
 Death of Terence. — 
 Time measured by water at Rome, 
 the invention of Scipio Nasica. 
 
 Pacuvius, trag. fl. set. 65 
 
 Cato pleads his own cause, set 81 
 
 Albinus the consul, a writer of history 
 
B.C. 150—101 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 4564 
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 lot; 
 
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 V 
 
 ROMAN 
 CONSULS 
 
 T. Qu. Flamininus 
 M Acilius Balbus 
 L. Marc. Censorinus 
 M. Manilius 
 Sp. P. Albinus Mag. 
 L. Calp. Piso Caes. 
 P. C. Scipio Afr. Mm. 
 C. Livius Drusus 
 Cn. Corn. Lentulus 
 L. Mummius 
 Q. Fabius Max. JEm. 
 L. HostiL Mancinus 
 Ser. Sulpic. Galba 
 L. AureL Cotta 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 
 £.C. Metellus Maced. 
 . C. Metullus Calv. 
 Q. Fab. Max. ServiL 
 Cn. Serviiius Caepio 
 Q. Pompeius Rufus 
 
 C. Laelius Sapiens 
 Q. Serviiius Caepio 
 Cn. Calpurnius Piso 
 M. Popillius Laenas 
 P. C. Scipio Nasica 
 
 D. Junius Brutus 
 M. JE. Lepidus Pore. 
 C. Hostil. Mancinus 
 P. Furius Philus 
 Sex. Atil. Serranus 
 Ser. Fulvius Flaccus 
 Q. Calpurnius Piso 
 P.C.ScipioAfr.iEm.2 
 C. Fulvius F.accus 
 P. Mucius Scaevula 
 L. Calp. Piso Frugi 
 P. Popillius Lamas 
 P. Rupilius 
 P. L. Crassus Muc. 
 L. Valerius Flaccus 
 
 C. Claudius Pulcher 
 M. Perperna 
 C. Semp. Tuditanus 
 M.Aquillius 
 Cn. Octavius 
 T. Annius Rufus 
 L. Cassius Longinus 
 L. Cornelius Cinna 
 M. JEmil. Lepidus 
 L. Aurelius Orestes 
 M. Plaut. Hypsaeus 
 M. Fulvius Flaccus 
 C. Cass. Longinus 
 C. Sextius Calvinus 
 Q. Caecil. Metellus 
 T. Q. Flamininus 
 Cn. O. Ahenobarbus 
 C. Fannius Strabo 
 C. Fabius Maximus 
 L. Opimius 
 
 P. Manlius 
 C. Papirius Carbo 
 L. Caecil. Metellus 
 L. Aurelius Cotta 
 M. Porcius Cato 
 Q. Marcius Rex 
 L Caecil. Metellus 
 Q. Mucius Scaevula 
 C. Licinius Geta 
 Q. Fabius Maximus 
 M. JEmil. Scaurus 
 M. Caecil. Metellus 
 M' Acilius Balbus 
 C. Porcius Cato 
 C. C. Metellus Capr. 
 Cn. Papirius Carbo 
 M. Livius Drusus 
 L. Calpurnius Piso 
 P. C. Scipio Nasica 
 L. Calpurn. Bestia 
 
 M. Minucius Rufus 
 
 S. Postum. Albinus 
 
 Q. Cascil. Metellus 
 
 M. Junius Silanus 
 
 Ser. Sulpic. Galba 
 
 M. Aurel. Scaurus 
 
 L. Cass. Longinus 
 
 C. Marius 
 
 C. Atilius Serranus 
 
 Q. Serviiius Caepio 
 
 P. Rutilius Rut'us 
 
 C. Manlius 
 
 C. Marius 2 
 
 C. Flavius Fimbria 
 
 C. Marius 3 
 
 L. Aurelius Orestes 
 
 C. Marius 4 
 
 Q. Lutatius Catulus 
 
 C. Marius 5 
 
 M.Aquillius 
 
 Punic 
 
 £ Achaean >3 
 
 52 
 
 P. 131 
 
 lThirdP.132 
 Punic 
 
 2 War P.133 
 
 3 P. 134 
 
 —Carthage — 
 
 and 
 
 Corinth 
 
 destroyed 
 
 Kings 
 
 54 Masinissa 
 
 Attal. 11.10 
 
 IMicipsa 11 
 
 12 Attalus 1 
 III. 
 
 1 Jugurtha 
 
 and 
 
 2 Adherbal 
 
 7 Jugurtha 
 
 alone 
 
 8 
 
 ■ Captured 
 by Marius 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bithynia 
 
 31 Prusias 
 IL 
 
 1 Nicomedes 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Syria 
 
 1 Alexander. 
 
 Bala 
 
 2 
 
 1 Demetrius 
 
 Nicator 
 
 2 
 
 1 Antiochus 
 
 Sidetes 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Demetrius 
 
 Nicator 
 
 2 again 
 
 [Grypus 
 
 1 Antiochus 
 
 Cleopa- 1 
 
 2 tra 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Pontus 
 
 7 Mithrida- 
 tesV. 
 
 * Antiochus 1 
 
 Cyzice- 
 
 15 nus 2 
 
 27 
 
 1 Mithrida- 
 
 tes VI. 
 
 2 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 18 
 
 1-3 
 
 o 
 .c 
 
 GREEK WRITERS 
 
 ROMAN REPUBLIC 
 
 I 
 ROMAN AUTHORS 
 
 V. 
 
 a- 3 
 a 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 >n 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 Polybius is sent for by the consul 
 
 Manilius 
 Heraciides Lembus, hist, flourished 
 
 Hipparchus observes the autumnal 
 
 equinox, Sept. 26 
 Polybius at Carthage and Corinth. — 
 
 Hipparchus' obs. Mar.24 and Sept.27 
 Apoiiodorus' ' Chronicon' ends.— Zo- 
 
 naras fl. — Demetrius of Scepsis fl. 
 Antipater of Tarsus the Stoic, the 
 
 successor of Diogenes Babylonius, fl 
 Panaetius the Stoic accompanies 
 
 Scipio in his embassy. — Hipparchus 
 
 observes the autumnal equinox, 
 
 Sept 26. 
 
 Galba treacherously destroys the Lusitanians. — The Carthaginians de- 
 feated by Masinissa. — Defection of Utica from Carthage. 
 
 The destruction of Carthage demanded by the consuls. — Third Punic 
 war. — Carthage besieged. — Death of Masinissa, aet. U0 or 97. 
 
 Andriscus the Pseudo-Phiiippus usurps the throne of Macedon, and de- 
 feats Juventius, but is repelled by Metellus. — Battle of Azotus. 
 
 The greater part of Africa submits to the consul Scipio. — Hasdrubal 
 proposes peace, which is rejected. — The Achaean war. 
 
 Carthage taken by Scipio, July. — The city demolished. — Diaeus defeated 
 by Mummius. — Corinth reduced to ashes, Sept. 
 
 Fabius iEmilianus, the consul, commands in Spain against Viriathus. 
 
 Jonathan Maccabeus betrayed and put to death by Tryphon. 
 
 The consul Metellus, sent into Spain. — Embassy of Scipio Africanus to 
 
 Egypt, accompanied by Panaetius. 
 The consul Servilianus is sent to conduct the war against Viriathus. — 
 
 Simon gets possession of the citadel of Jerusalem. 
 Servilianus besieges Erisane, but is repulsed by Viriathus, who proposes 
 
 peace, which is accepted and confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 Cato prosecutes Galba.— Death of 
 
 Cato, aet. 85. 
 Calpurnius Piso, hist. fl. 
 
 Cassius Hemina, hist, fl.— C. Fanni- 
 us, the historian, serves with Scipio, 
 at Carthage 
 
 Birth of M. Antonius, the orator.— 
 Fannius, the historian, serves in 
 Spain 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 r-1 
 
 s 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 Nicander of Colophon, the poet, still 
 living 
 
 Hipparchus observes the vernal equi- 
 nox, Mar. 23 
 
 Viriathus assassinated at the instance of the consul Caepio. 
 
 The Astrologers banished from Rome. — The Celtiberian war is con- 
 ducted by the consul Popillius. 
 The consul Brutus proceeds to Lusitania. — Popillius the proconsul is 
 
 routed by the Numantines. — Birth of Sulla. 
 The consul Mancinus defeated by the Numantines who consent to peace 
 
 upon equal terms. 
 Brutus in farther Spain, reduces the Bracari and the Gallaeci. — The 
 
 Numantines refuse to receive Mancinus as a prisoner. 
 The consul Piso is sent against Numantia. — P. Lentulus defeated by the 
 
 Servile army under Eunus. — History of the Apocrypha ends. 
 The consul Scipio joined in Spain by Jugurtha. — Marius serves at 
 
 Numantia. — Fulvius is sent to the Servile war in Sicily. 
 Fall of Numantia and destruction of its inhabitants. — Sedition and death 
 
 of Tiberius Gracchus. — Piso defeats the Servile army at Messana. 
 The Servile war in Sicily ended by the consul Rupilius. 
 
 War with Aristonicus the usurper of Pergamus. — The consul Crassus 
 sent against Aristonicus. 
 
 Birth of L. Liciniiis Crassus, the ora- 
 tor.— Attius, set. 30, and Pacuvius, 
 aet. 80, the tragic poets, exhibit 
 
 Sempronius Asellio, the historian, 
 serves at Numantia 
 
 es 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 Carneades, phil. ob. 85.— Clitomachus 
 succeeds.— Polybius still living 
 
 Hipparchus obs. the equinox, Mar. 22, 
 and the sun at Rhodes, Aug. 4 
 
 Antipater of Sidon, epigr. fl.— Hip- 
 parchus takes an observation on the 
 sun at Rhodes, May 2, and another 
 July 7 
 
 Death of Crates, the critic, circa 
 
 Crassus defeated and slain near Smyrna. — Aristonicus captured by the 
 
 consul Perperna. 
 Death of Scipio Africanus iEmilianus. 
 
 Antiochus Sidetes King of Syria, defeated and killed by Phraates King 
 of Parthia. 
 
 Caius Gracchus goes into Sardinia as quaestor to Aurelius. 
 
 Aurelius remains as proconsul in Sardinia. — The consul Fulvius leads 
 
 an army against the Salluvian Gauls. 
 Gracchus appears unexpectedly at Rome. — The consul Sextius defeats 
 
 the Salluvian Gauls near Aquae Sextiae. 
 Gracchus chosen Tribune of the Commons. — The Baleares subdued by 
 
 Metellus, and the Saluvii by Sextius Calvinus. 
 Gracchus chosen Tribune a second time. He passes over to the new 
 
 colony of Carthage, and returns in 70 days. — He loses his third election. 
 Death of Caius Gracchus. — The Agrarian law is gradually abrogated. — 
 
 Defeat of the Allobroges by Fabius Maximus. 
 
 Coelius Antipater, the Roman histo- 
 rian, fl. 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 Agatharchides of Cnidus, the histo- 
 rian, who was reader to Heraciides 
 Lembus, is about this time tutor to 
 the sons of Ptolemy Soter 
 
 Philo succeeds Clitomachus in the 
 New Academy, circa. — Diodorus 
 
 Caius Marius, tribune of the people, imprisons the consul Metellus for 
 
 opposition to his measures. 
 Death of Micipsa. — The consul Marcius plants a colony at Narbonne in 
 
 Transalpine Gaul.— The Roman power extends to the Pyrennes. 
 Dalmatia subdued by Cecilius Metellus. — Ambassadors are sent to 
 
 Numidia, who restore Adherbal. 
 
 The consul Scaurus subdues the Carni at the Pennenine Alps, and 
 
 drains the marshes at the Trebia and Placentia. 
 The consul Cato Porcius is sent to the protection of Macedonia against 
 
 an irruption of the Scordisci and totally defeated. 
 Papirius Carbo routed by the Cimbri, who spread themselves over 
 
 Transalpine Gaul. 
 The Scordisci are forced by the consul Drusus to repass the Danube. — 
 
 Antiochus Cyzicenus defeats Grypus and obtains Syria. 
 Jugurthan war. — First campaign. — The consul Bestia leads an army 
 
 into Numidia, but is bribed by Jugurtha, and desists. 
 
 L. Crassus, aet. 21, accuses Carbo 
 
 Birth of Varro 
 
 Birth of Hortensius, orat.— Crassus, 
 ' pro Licinia' 
 
 Crassus quaestor. — Valerius Antias 
 Roman hist. fl. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 o- 1 
 si. 
 
 i 2 
 
 A. 1 
 us 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 the peripatetic flourished 
 Dionysius the Thracian, gram. fl. 
 
 Artemidorus of Ephesus, geog. fl. 
 
 Archias, the poet, in his youth comes 
 to Rome 
 
 Massiva murdered by Bomilcar at the instance of Jugurtha. — Sump- 
 tuary Law, called Lex Licinia, introduced at Rome. 
 
 Aulus defeated by Jugurtha, concludes a peace. — Jugurtha and Bomil- 
 car defeated by Metellus. — Silanus defeated by the Cimbri. 
 
 Metellus continued in his command. — Bomilcar sacrificed by Jugurtha 
 . for conspiracy. — The consul Scaurus defeated by the Cimbri. 
 
 Jugurtha joined by Bocchus. — Metellus superseded by Marius. — Capsa 
 taken by Marius. — Sulla quaestor to Marius.— Cassius slain in Gaul. 
 
 Jugurtha is betrayed by Bocchus to Sulla, and delivered up to Marius. 
 Birth of Pompey. — Toulouse plundered by the consul Caepio. 
 
 Manlius and Caepio, consul and proconsul, defeated by the Cimbri on 
 the banks of the Rhone, with total loss of their army. 
 
 Marius, a second time consul, passes over to Gaul. — Sulla is legatus to 
 Marius. 
 
 Marius a third time consul. — Sulla military tribune. 
 
 Marius a fourth time consul, defeats the Teutones in two battles at 
 
 Aquae Sextia. — Second Servile war in Sicily. 
 Marius a fifth time consul. — Marius and Catulus defeat the Cimbri on 
 
 the plain of Vercellae. — Aquillius commands in Sicily. 
 
 Birth of Atticus, the friend of Cicero 
 
 L. Crassus, tribunus plebis 
 
 Birth of Cicero. — Crassus, aet. 34, 
 ' suasit serviliam legem' 
 
 Attii ' Tereus.'— Death of Turpilius 
 
 comicus 
 Furius Bibaculus, poeta, born 
 
 
 
 
 
B.C. 100—51 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 4614 
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 261 
 
 170.1 
 
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 4 
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 4 
 
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 2 
 3 
 4 
 
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 2 
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 2 
 
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 180.1 
 2 
 3 
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 181.1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 182.1 
 2 
 
 654 
 655 
 656 
 857 
 BSB 
 880 
 BOO 
 Ml 
 BBS 
 BBS 
 
 BM 
 
 BBS 
 BBS 
 
 667 
 BOB 
 BBS 
 670 
 671 
 B7S 
 873 
 
 ROMAN 
 
 CONSULS 
 
 C. Marius 6 
 
 L. Valerius Flaccus 
 
 M. Antonius 
 
 A. Postum. Albinus 
 
 Q. C. Metellus Nep. 
 
 T. Didius 
 
 Cn. Com. Lentulus 
 
 P. Licinius Crassus 
 
 Cn. D. Ahenobarbus 
 
 C. Cassius Longinus 
 
 L. Licinius Crassus 
 
 Q. Mucius Scaevula 
 
 C. Cislius Caldus 
 
 L. D. Ahenobarbus 
 
 C. Valerius Flaccus 
 
 M. Herennius 
 
 C. Claudius Pulcher 
 
 M. Perperna 
 
 L. Marc. Philippus 
 
 Sex. Julius Caesar 
 
 L. Julius Cassar 
 P. Rutilius Lupus 
 Cn. Pompeius Strabo 
 L. Porcius Cato 
 L Cornelius Sulla 
 Q. Pompeius Rufus 
 Cn. Octavius 
 L. Cornelius Cinna 
 L Cornelius Cinna 2 
 C. Marius 7 
 L. Cornelius Cinna 3 
 C. Papirius Carbo 
 C. Papirius Carbo 2 
 L. Cornelius Cinna 4 
 L. Corn. Scipio Asiat. 
 C. Norbanus 
 C. Marius 
 Cn. Papir. Carbo 3 
 M. Tullius Decula 
 Cn. Corn. Dolabella 
 
 L. Corn. Sulla Felix 2 
 Q. C. Metellus Pius 
 P. Servilius Vatia 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 M. iEmil. Lepidus 
 Q. Lutat. Catulus 
 D. Junius Brutus 
 M.iE. MamercusLep. 
 Cn. Octavius f_Liv. 
 C. Scribonius Curio 
 L. Octavius 
 C. Aurelius Cotta 
 L. Licin. Lucullus 
 M. Aurelius Cotta 
 M. T. Varro Lucullus 
 C. Cassius 
 L. Gellius Poplicola 
 Cn.C.LentuLClodian. 
 P. Corn. Lentulus 
 Cn. Aufid. Orestes 
 
 Cn. Pompeius Mag. 
 M. Licinius Crassus 
 Q. Hortensius 
 Q. Csecil. Metellus 
 L. Cajcil. Metellus 
 Q. Marcius Rex 
 C. Calpurnius Piso 
 M. Acilius Glabrio 
 M. iEmil. Lepidus 
 L. Volcatius Tullus 
 L. Aurelius Cotta 
 L. Manl. Torquatus 
 L. Julius Caesar 
 C. Marcius Figulus 
 M. Tullius Cicero 
 
 C. Antonius 
 
 D. Junius Silanus 
 L Licinius Murena 
 M. Pup. Piso Calpurn. 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 
 L. Afranius 
 Q. C. Metellus Celer 
 C. Julius Cassar 
 M. Calpum. Bibulus 
 L. Calp. Piso Casson. 
 A. Gabinius 
 P. C. Lent. Spinther 
 Q. C. Metellus Nep. 
 C. C. Lentul. Marcell. 
 L Marc. Philippus 
 Cn. Pomp. Mag. 2 
 M. Licin. Crassus 2 
 L D. Ahenobarbus 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 Cn. Domit. Calvinus 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 Cn. Pomp. Mag. 3 
 Q. C. Met. Pius Scip. 
 Ser. Sulpic. Rufus 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 
 THE FIRST 
 TRIUMVIRATE 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Bithynia 
 
 50 Nicomedes 
 
 IL 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 1 Nicomedes 
 IIL 
 
 — Bithynia 
 
 bequeathed 
 
 to the 
 
 Romans 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Syria 
 
 26 Grypus 
 
 Cyzice- 13 
 
 27 nus 14 
 
 28 15 
 
 29 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Seleucus 
 12 years' 
 contention 
 between the 
 sons and 
 nephew of 
 Antiochus 
 Grypus 
 
 1 Tigranes 
 
 1 Antiochus 
 Asiaticus 
 
 2 
 
 Expelled 
 
 by 
 Pompey 
 
 POMPEY — CRASSUS 
 
 CESAR — POMPEY 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Pontus 
 
 21 Mithrida- 
 
 tesVL 
 
 22 — fc. rt 
 
 B| 
 
 23 — bog 
 
 c g 
 
 24 — S<5 
 
 25 Tigranes 1 
 
 26 2 
 
 27 3 
 
 28 4 
 
 29 5 
 
 30 6 
 
 1 Pharna- 34 
 
 ces II. 
 
 2 35 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 Ar 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 Egypt 
 
 
 P< 
 
 8Alexand. I. 
 
 Cleopa- 18 
 
 9 tra 19 
 
 26 M 
 
 t 
 
 27 - 
 
 10 ■ 
 
 90 
 
 28 - 
 
 11 
 
 21 
 
 29 - 
 
 12 
 
 83 
 
 30 - 
 
 13 
 
 83 
 
 31 - 
 
 14 1 
 
 24 
 
 32 - 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 33 - 
 
 16 
 
 88 
 
 34 - 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 35 - 
 
 18 
 
 88 
 
 — In 
 
 1 Soter 
 restored 
 
 2 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 _ 
 
 5 
 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 
 - 
 
 7 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 1 Cleopatra 
 1 Alexan.II. 
 
 - 
 
 1 Ptolemi 
 Auletes 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 ISi 
 
 5 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 7 
 
 
 4 - 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 6 ■ 
 
 10 
 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 11 
 
 
 IP 
 
 12 
 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 
 3 ■ 
 
 14 
 
 
 4 - 
 
 15 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 16 
 
 
 6 • 
 
 17 
 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 
 8 - 
 
 19 
 
 
 9 - 
 
 °0 
 
 
 1 M 
 
 
 t 
 
 21 
 
 
 2 - 
 
 22 . 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 1 Berenice 
 
 1 Tryphena 
 
 2 
 
 4 - 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 
 o _ 
 
 1 Auletes 
 
 
 3 - 
 
 again 
 2 
 
 
 4 - 
 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 - 
 
 1 Cleopatra 
 Ptolemy I. 
 
 7 - 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°19 
 
 E 
 
 b 
 
 ■■a 
 
 0) 
 £ 
 
 ' 5 
 
 GREEK WRITERS 
 
 ROMAN REPUBLIC 
 
 ROMAN AUTHORS 
 
 VI. 
 L6 
 
 1 7 
 
 8 
 
 g 
 
 10 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 IS 
 
 14 
 
 If. 
 
 Meleager, the collector of the Antho- 
 logia, fl. 
 
 Philo academicus flourished 
 Metrodorus of Scepsis, phil. fl. 
 
 Marius a sixth time consul. — Sedition of Saturninus. — Exile of Metellus 
 
 Numidicus.— Birth of Julius Ca?sar. 
 Return of Metellus. — Servile war in Sicily ended by M. Aquillius. — Lu- 
 
 sitania conquered by Dolabella. 
 
 Ptolemy Apion King of Cyrene leaves his dominions to the Romans. 
 
 Antiochus Cyzicenus defeated, near Antioch, by Seleucus ; he destroys 
 himself when nearly taken prisoner. 
 
 Seleucus defeated by Antiochus Pius, and retires to Mopsuestia, where 
 he is burnt alive. 
 
 Sulla receives the ambassadors of Arsaces on the banks of the Eu- 
 phrates, the first public transaction between Rome and Parthia. 
 
 Livius Drusus endeavours to procure the privileges of Roman citizens 
 for the Italian allies, but is assassinated. 
 
 iElius and Claudius, grammar ici, fl. 
 
 M. Antonius defends Aquillius 
 M. Antonius, censor 
 
 Birth of Lucretius.— Crassus orat. 
 'pro Caepione' 
 
 L. Crassus, censor.— Aurelius Opilius, 
 
 rhetor, fl. 
 Death of Crassus. — L. Pomponius, 
 
 'Atellanarum scriptor,' fl. 
 
 Id 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 27 
 
 Scymnus of Chios, poeta, fl. 
 
 Apollonius Molo, the rhetorician, fl. — 
 Philo, the philosoph. comes to Rome 
 
 Antiochus, the philosopher, accom- 
 panies Lucullus to Alexandria 
 
 Posidonius, the Stoic, is ambassador 
 to Rome from Rhodes. — Archias, 
 the poet, is with Lucullus in Asia 
 
 Sulla acquires the library of Apellicon 
 
 Alexander Polyhistor, the gramma- 
 rian, came to Rome ' in the time of 
 Sulla* 
 
 The Marsian or Social war. — The consul Rutilius mortally wounded in 
 
 an ambush.— Marius lays down his command. 
 The consul Cato slain. — Sulla takes Stabiae by storm. — He returns to 
 
 Rome at the close of the campaign to obtain the consulate. 
 The Social war ended. — First Mithridatic war. — Civil war of Marius 
 
 and Sulla.— Sulla procures the banishment of Marius. 
 China deposed from the consulate by the senate. — Junction of Marius 
 
 with China. — Contest of Cinna and Octavius. 
 Death of Marius. — Athens stormed by Sulla. — Archelaus defeated by 
 
 Sulla at Orchomenus in Boeotia. 
 Successes of Fimbria in Asia. — Sulla passes into Asia. — Birth of Brutus. 
 
 Interview between Sulla and Mithridates.— Peace granted to Mithri- 
 
 dates. — Cinna assassinated. 
 Pompey opposes Carbo on the part of Sulla. — Sulla lands at Brundu- 
 
 sium. — Sertorius retires to Spain. 
 Defeat of the younger Marius near Prseneste. — Sulla enters Rome. — 
 
 Carbo put to death by Pompey in Sicily.— Sulla made Dictator. 
 Triumph of Sulla. — Successes of Pompey in Africa. 
 
 M. ^milius Scaurus, aet 72 
 
 Cicero serves under the consul Pom- 
 peius 
 
 Cicero hears Philo and Molo at Rome. 
 P. Rutilius, hist fl.— P.Gallus, rhet. 
 
 Antonius, orat. slain. — Birth of Catul- 
 lus.— Sisenna the historian, fl. 
 
 Birth of Sallust 
 
 Birth of P. T. Varro Atacinus, poeta. 
 
 Birth of C. Licinius Calvus, orat. 
 Cicero 'pro Quinctio.' — Cato, gram. 
 
 Otacilius Plotus, rhet fl. 
 
 86 
 
 27 
 - 1 
 ' 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 Zeno the Epicurean taught at Athens. 
 Geminus of Rhodes, math. fl. 
 
 Antipater of Tyre, the Stoic, fl. 
 
 Tyrannio, the grammarian, is taken 
 at Amisus 
 
 Capture of Mytilene. 
 
 Abdication of Sulla. 
 
 Death of Sulla.— Civil war of Lepidus.— War of Sertorius in Spain. 
 
 Death of Lepidus. — The proconsul Servilius sent against the pirates ol 
 
 Cilicia. 
 Sertorius opposed by Metellus and Pompey in Spain. 
 
 Scribonius succeeds Claudius in Macedonia. — Servilius subdues the 
 Isaurians. 
 
 Pompey carries on the war against Sertorius. — Nicomedes dying, be- 
 queaths Hi thy nia to the Romans. — Mithridatic war. 
 
 War with Spartacus began. — Lucullus defeats Mithridates at Cyzicus. 
 
 Sertorius slain. — End of the war in Spain. — Amisus besieged by Lucul- 
 lus. — Defeat and flight of Mithridates. 
 
 The war with Spartacus ended by Crassus. — Amisus and Eupatoria 
 taken by Lucullus. 
 
 Cicero 'pro Roscio' 
 
 Cicero at Athens 
 
 Cicero hears Molo at Rhodes.— Sal- 
 lust, hist, com.— Death of Q. Atta 
 Cicero returns to Rome 
 
 Cicero engaged in pleading. —Birth of 
 
 Asinius Pollio 
 Cicero, quaestor in Sicily 
 
 Cicero again returns to Rome 
 
 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 ul 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 Death of Metrodorus of Scepsis, phiL 
 
 Apollodorus of Pergamus, gram. fl. 
 
 Parthenius, the preceptor of Virgil, is 
 captured in the Mithridatic war 
 
 Hermagoras and Athenaeus, rhet. fl. 
 Posidonius of Rhodes, the Stoic, fl. 
 
 Castor's Roman Chronology ends. — 
 Archias poeta, still living 
 
 Mithridates received by Tigranes. — Appius Claudius demands his de- 
 livery to Lucullus but is refused. 
 
 Siege of Tigranocerta.— Defeat of Tigranes, Tigranocerta taken by Lu- 
 cullus. — The Cretan war. 
 
 The Cretan war conducted by Metellus.— Nisibis taken by assault by 
 Lucullus. 
 
 Sedition in the army of Lucullus. — Triarius defeated by Mithridates. — 
 The pirates defeated by Pompey. — Cretan war ended. 
 
 Interview between Pompey and Lucullus in Galatiat — Mithridates de- 
 feated by Pompey. — Surrender of Tigranes. 
 
 Antiochus Asiaticus dethroned by Pompey. — End of the Seleucidae. — 
 Syria reduced to the form of a Roman province. 
 
 Pompey in Syria, hastens to Pontus, on advice of renewed preparations 
 by Mithridates. 
 
 Death of Mithridates.— Jerusalem taken by Pompey.— Catiline de- 
 nounced by Cicero. — Birth of Augustus. 
 
 Defeat and death of Cataline.— Pompey returns to Italy.— Caasar praetor 
 
 Triumph of Pompey. 
 
 Cicero 'in Q. Caecilium' et 'in Ver- 
 rem.' — Hortensius defends Verres. 
 Birth of Virgil 
 
 Cicero, aedilis. — Hortensius, consul 
 
 Varro serves under Pompey against 
 
 the pirates 
 Cicero, praetor: 'pro lege Manilia,"pro 
 
 Cluentio.' — Antonius Gnipho, gr. 
 Cicero 'pro Cornelio I.' — Birth of 
 
 Horace. — Atticus returns from 
 
 Athens to Rome 
 Cicero in 'toga Candida' 
 Cicero 'orat. consulares:' 'pro Mure- 
 
 na.' — Orbilius Pupillus, grammat. 
 
 settled at Rome 
 Cicero 'pro Sulla' 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 11 
 15 
 16 
 
 Diodorus Siculus, the historian, is in 
 
 Egypt 
 The history of Diodorus ends at the 
 
 Gallic war of Caesar 
 Andronicus of Rhodes, gram. fl. 
 
 The work of Castor, the Chrono. 
 
 grapher, closes at this period 
 Demetrius Magnesfl. — Timagines,the 
 
 sophist, is brought to Rome by 
 
 Gabinius 
 
 Nicolaus Damascenus, hist. fl. 
 
 Posidonius, the Stoic, comes to Rome. 
 Jason, hisgrandson and successor, fl. 
 
 Lusitania conquered by Cajsar. — He returns to Rome and declines his 
 triumph that he may obtain the consulate. — The first Triumvirate. 
 
 Caesar now consul, carries the Agrarian law, the ratification of the acts 
 of Pompey, and the adoption of Clodius by the plebians. 
 
 Caesar's first campaign in Gaul. — The Helvetii prepare to move.— Cicero 
 in banishment. — Cato sent by Clodius to Cyprus. 
 
 War with the Belgae.— Return of Cicero.— Violent proceedings of Clo- 
 dius, and resistance of Milo. 
 
 Clodius aedile. — Cato returns from Cyprus. — War in Armorica. 
 
 Interview at Luca between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. — Caesar passes 
 
 the Rhine, and into Britain. — Crassus embarks for Syria. 
 Second expedition into Britain. — War with Ambiorix. — First campaign 
 
 of Crassus in Asia. — He winters in Syria. 
 Csesar invades the Suevi. — Crassus passes the Euphrates. — His defeat 
 
 and death by the Parthians. 
 Rencontre between Milo and Clodius, and death of the latter. — Pompey 
 
 sole consul. — Exile of Milo. — War with Vercingetorix. _ 
 Cicero embarks for Asia. — Caesar's eighth and last campaign in Gaul. — 
 
 End of the Parthian war. 
 
 Cicero 'Epist, ad Att' 1. 19 
 
 Cicero 'pro Thermo,' 'pro Flacco.' 
 Birth of Livy.— iElius Tubero, hist. 
 Cicero in exile 
 
 Cicero recalled 
 
 Cicero 'pro Sextio,' 'inVatinium,' 'de 
 
 provinces consularibus.' 
 Cicero 'in Pisonem,' 'De Oratore.' — 
 
 Death of Lucretius. — Virgil as 
 
 sumes the toga virilis 
 Cicero 'pro Vatinio,' 'pro Scauro de 
 
 Republica' ; 
 
 Cicero 'pro Milone.'— Sallust, tribune 
 Cicero, proconsul in Cilicia 
 
 

 
B. C. 50—1 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 >"5 
 
 i 
 
 if 
 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 to 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 ■ 
 
 ■§ 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 
 U 
 
 •n 
 
 
 « 
 
 4664 
 
 699 
 
 263 
 
 3 
 
 704 
 
 50 
 
 4665 
 
 700 
 
 264 
 
 4 
 
 705 
 
 49 
 
 4666 
 
 701 
 
 265 
 
 183.1 
 
 706 
 
 48 
 
 4667 
 
 702 
 
 266 
 
 2 
 
 707 
 
 47 
 
 4668 
 
 703 
 
 267 
 
 3 
 
 708 
 
 46 
 
 4669 
 
 704 
 
 2G8 
 
 4 
 
 709 
 
 45 
 
 4670 
 
 705 
 
 269 
 
 184.1 
 
 710 
 
 44 
 
 4671 
 
 706 
 
 270 
 
 2 
 
 711 
 
 43 
 
 4672 
 
 707 
 
 271 
 
 3 
 
 712 
 
 42 
 
 4673 
 
 708 
 
 272 
 
 4 
 
 713 
 
 41 
 
 4674 
 
 709 
 
 273 
 
 185.1 
 
 714 
 
 40 
 
 4675 
 
 710 
 
 274 
 
 2 
 
 715 
 
 39 
 
 4676 
 
 711 
 
 275 
 
 3 
 
 716 
 
 38 
 
 4677 
 
 712 
 
 276 
 
 4 
 
 717 
 
 37 
 
 4678 
 
 713 
 
 277 
 
 186.1 
 
 718 
 
 36 
 
 4679 
 
 714 
 
 278 
 
 2 
 
 719 
 
 35 
 
 4680 
 
 715 
 
 279 
 
 3 
 
 720 
 
 34 
 
 4681 
 
 716 
 
 280 
 
 4 
 
 721 
 
 33 
 
 4682 
 
 717 
 
 281 
 
 187.1 
 
 722 
 
 32 
 
 4683 
 
 718 
 
 282 
 
 2 
 
 723 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 4684 
 
 719 
 
 283 
 
 3 
 
 724 
 
 4685 
 
 720 
 
 284 
 
 4 
 
 725 
 
 29 
 
 4686 
 
 721 
 
 285 
 
 188.1 
 
 726 
 
 28 
 
 4687 
 
 722 
 
 286 
 
 2 
 
 727 
 
 27 
 
 4688 
 
 723 
 
 287 
 
 3 
 
 728 
 
 26 
 
 4689 
 
 724 
 
 288 
 
 4 
 
 729 
 
 25 
 
 4690 
 
 725 
 
 289 
 
 189.1 
 
 730 
 
 24 
 
 4691 
 
 726 
 
 290 
 
 2 
 
 731 
 
 23 
 
 4692 
 
 727 
 
 291 
 
 3 
 
 732 
 
 22 
 
 4693 
 
 728 
 729 
 
 292 
 
 4 
 
 733 
 
 21 
 
 4694 
 
 293 
 
 190.1 
 
 734 
 
 20 
 
 4695 
 
 730 
 
 294 
 
 2 
 
 735 
 
 19 
 
 4696 
 
 731 
 
 295 
 
 3 
 
 736 
 
 18 
 
 4697 
 
 732 
 
 296 
 
 4 
 
 737 
 
 17 
 
 4698 
 
 733 
 
 297 
 
 191.1 
 
 738 
 
 16 
 
 4699 
 
 734 
 
 298 
 
 2 
 
 739 
 
 15 
 
 4700 
 
 735 
 
 299 
 
 3 
 
 740 
 
 14 
 
 4701 
 
 736 
 
 300 
 
 4 
 
 741 
 
 13 
 
 4702 
 
 737 
 
 301 
 
 192.1 
 
 742 
 
 12 
 
 4703 
 
 738 
 
 302 
 
 2 
 
 743 
 
 11 
 
 4704 
 
 739 
 
 303 
 
 3 
 
 744 
 
 10 
 
 4705 
 
 740 
 
 304 
 
 4 
 
 745 
 
 9 
 
 4706 
 
 741 
 
 305 
 
 193.1 
 
 746 
 
 8 
 
 4707 
 
 742 
 
 306 
 
 2 
 
 747 
 
 7 
 
 4708 
 
 743 
 
 307 
 
 3 
 
 748 
 
 6 
 
 4709 
 
 744 
 
 308 
 
 4 
 
 749 
 
 5 
 
 4710 
 
 745 
 
 309 
 
 194.1 
 
 750 
 
 4 
 
 4711 
 
 746 
 
 310 
 
 2 
 
 751 
 
 3 
 
 4712 
 
 747 
 
 311 
 
 3 
 
 752 
 
 2 
 
 4713 
 
 748 
 
 312 
 
 4 
 
 753 
 
 1 
 
 ROMAN 
 CONSULS 
 
 L. JEmil. Paullus 
 C. Claud. Marcellus 
 C. Claud. Marcellus 
 L. C. Lentulus Crus 
 C. Julius Caesar 2 
 P. Servil.Vatia Isaur. 
 Q. Fufius Calenus 
 P. Vatinius 
 C. Julius Caesar 3 
 M. jEmil. Lepidus 
 C. Julius Caesar 4 
 
 (sine collega) 
 C. Jul. Caesar 5 
 M. Antonius 
 C. Vibius Pansa 
 A. Hirtius 
 M. JEmil Lepidus 2 
 L. Munat. Plancus 
 P. Ser. Vatia Isaur. 2 
 L. Antonius Pietas 
 
 Cn. Dom. Calvinus 2 
 C. Asinius Pollio 
 L. Marc. Censorinus 
 C. Calvis. Sabinus 
 Ap. Claud. Pulcher 
 C. Norbanus Flaccus 
 M. Agrippa 
 L. Caninius Gallus 
 L. Gellius Poplicola 
 M. Cocceius Nerva 
 L. Cornificius 
 Sex. Pompeius 
 L. Scribonius Libo 
 M. Antonius 2 
 C. Caesar 2 
 L. Volcatius Tullus 
 Cn. D. Ahenobarbus 
 C. Sosius 
 C. Caesar 3 
 M. V. Messalla Corv. 
 
 C. Caesar 4 
 
 M. Licinius Crassus 
 
 C. Caesar 5 
 
 Sex. Appuleius 
 
 C. Caesar 6 
 
 M. Agrippa 2 
 
 C. Caesar 7 
 
 M. Agrippa 3 
 
 C. Caesar Aug. 8 
 
 T. Statilius Taurus 
 
 C. Caesar Aug. 9 
 
 M. Junius Silanus 
 
 C. Caesar Aug. 10 . 
 
 C. Norbanus Flaccus 
 
 C. Caesar Aug. 11 
 
 A. Ter. Varro Mur. 
 
 M. Claud. Marcellus 
 
 L. Arruntius 
 
 M. Lollius 
 
 Q. iEmiL Lepidus 
 
 M. Appuleius 
 P. Silius Nerva 
 C. Cent. Saturninus 
 Q. Lucretius 
 P. Corn. Lentulus 
 Cn. Corn. Lentulus 
 C. Furnius 
 C. Junius Silanus 
 L. D. Ahenobarbus 
 P. Corn. Scipio 
 M. Liv. Drusus Libo 
 L Calpurnius Piso 
 M. Licinius Crassus 
 Cn.C.Lentul. Augur. 
 Ti. Claudius Nero 
 P. Quinctilius Varus 
 M. Valer. Messalla 
 P. Sulpic. Quirinus 
 Q. .ffilius Tubero 
 Paul. Fabius Max. 
 
 Julius Antonius 
 Q. Fabius Max. Afr. 
 Nero Claud. Drusus 
 T. Q. Crisp. Volcanus 
 C. Marc. Censorinus 
 C. Asinius Gallus 
 Ti. Claudius Nero 2 
 Cn. Calpurn. Piso 
 
 C. Antistius Veter 
 
 D. Laelius Balbus 
 C. Caesar Aug. 12 
 L. Corn. Sulla 
 
 C. Calv. Sabinus 2 
 L. Passienus Rufus 
 Cn. Corn. Lentulus 
 M. Val. Messallinus 
 C. Caesar Aug. 13 
 M. Plaut. Sylvanus 
 Cn. C. Lentulus Cos. 
 L. Calpurnius Piso 
 
 THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE 
 
 C. JULIUS CJESAR 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Pontus 
 
 14 Pharnaces 
 
 II. 
 
 15 
 
 — Conquered 
 by Caesar 
 
 OCTAVIANUS — ANTONY — LEPIDUS 
 
 OCTAVIANUS — ANTONY 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 1 C. JULIUS CESAR OCT. 
 
 SENATI PRINCEPS 
 
 5 C. CAESAR AUG. IMPERATOR 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Egypt 
 
 2 Cleopatra 
 
 Ptolemy 2 
 
 3 I. 3 
 
 Egypt a 
 
 Roman 
 
 Province 
 
 *** The materials for the next four centuries being con- 
 siderably lessened, the Tables are continued in single 
 pages, but without the Parallel Years, which are given col- 
 lectively in the Table preceding them for the same period. 
 
 " Such a Table was the more necessary because Blair ■ 
 (in the folio edition) only carried the years of Nabon- 
 nassar and the Olympiads down to the Christian Era, and 
 has not given the years of the Seleucidae at all." 
 
 Fasti Hellenici III. Introd. 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°20 
 
 GREEK WRITERS 
 
 Theophanes of Lesbos is in the ser- 
 vice of Pompey 
 
 Juba, the historian is brought to 
 Rome ; Didymus, the grammarian, 
 is his opponent 
 
 Sosigines of Alexandria, math. fl. 
 
 Cratippus the peripatetic fl.— Apol- 
 lodorus of Pergamus is the pre- 
 ceptor of Octavius.— By the rule of 
 adoption, the name of Octavius now 
 became C. Julius Caesar Octavianus 
 
 Hybreas the orator opposes Labienus 
 at Mylasa 
 
 Conon, hist, flourished 
 
 The Octavian library founded 
 
 The libraries at Pergamus are said by 
 Plutarch to contain 200,000 vols. 
 
 Tyrannio the younger is brought to 
 Rome.— Nicetes, rhetor, fl. 
 
 Athenodorus, the preceptor of Au- 
 gustus, governs Tarsus 
 
 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the his- 
 torian, comes to Italy ; Caecilius is 
 his contemporary 
 
 Anaxilaiis, the Pythagorean, is exiled 
 
 Strabo, act. 30 
 
 Nestor of Tarsus, the grammarian 
 and preceptor of Marcellus, fl. 
 
 Athenaeus peripat. fl. — Pylades mi- 
 mus fl. 
 
 Nicolaiis Damascenus, the historian, 
 is in favour with Herod 
 
 Dionysius Halicarnassus completes 
 his history 
 
 Theodorus of Gadara, the gramma- 
 rian, is heard by Tiberius at Rhodes 
 
 ROMAN REPUBLIC 
 
 Measures of Pompey against Caesar. — Commencement of the civil war. 
 
 Caesar occupies Ariminum. — He is deserted by Labienus. — Caesar pur- 
 sues Pompey, who leaves Italy. — Caesar in Spain. 
 
 Battle of Pharsalia, June. — Flight and death of Pompey. — Alexandrine 
 war. 
 
 War with and defeat of Pharnaces. — Caesar Dictator. — His arrival in 
 Italy. — Sedition in his troops.— Expedition into Africa. 
 
 Battle of Thapsus. — Death of Cato. — Four triumphs of Caesar. — Caesar 
 made Dictator for ten years. — Reformation of the Calendar. 
 
 War in Spain against the sons of Pompey. — Altegua taken by Caesar.— 
 Battle of Munda. — Caesar returns to Rome. 
 
 Caesar made Dictator for life. — Is assassinated, Mar. 15, aet. 55. — Octa- 
 vianus arrives from Apollonia. — Antony proceeds to Cisalpine Gaul. 
 
 Battles of Mutina. — Junction of Lepidus and Antony, May 28. — Second 
 Triumvirate. — Death of Cicero, Dec. 7. 
 
 First battle of Philippi, death of Cassius. — Second battle, death of Bru- 
 tus.— Interview of Antony and Cleopatra on the Cydnus. 
 
 Contest of Octavianus with Lucius Antony at Perusia, and ruin of the 
 party of his brother Marc Antony in Italy. 
 
 Labienus and the Parthians invade Syria and sack Jerusalem. — Pacifi- 
 cation of parties, and marriage of Antony and Octavia. 
 
 Octavianus and Antony conclude peace with Sextus Pompeius. — Labie- 
 nus defeated by Ventidius. — Antony in repose at Athens. 
 
 Unsuccessful war with the younger Pompey. — Victory of Ventidius in 
 Parthia. — Antony in Italy. — Sossius takes Jerusalem. 
 
 Agrippa crosses the Rhine. — Conference of Antony and Octavianus near 
 Tarentum. — Octavianus prepares to invade Sicily. 
 
 War with Sextus Pompeius. — Naval defeat of Pompey. — Fall of Lepi- 
 dus. — Disastrous retreat of Antony in Parthia. 
 
 Death of Sextus Pompeius. — War of Octavianus with the Illyrians and 
 Pannonians. 
 
 Antony invades Armenia and takes Artabazus prisoner. — Campaign of 
 Octavianus in Dalmatia. — Campaign of Messalla. 
 
 Media and Armenia conquered by the Parthians. — Antony in Egypt. — 
 Agrippa, now aedile, restores the public edifices of Home. 
 
 Rupture between Antony and Octavianus. — Preparations for war. 
 
 Battle of Actium. — Flight of Cleopatra and Antony. — Victory of Octa- 
 vianus. — Passing through Athens and Asia, he returns to Italy. 
 
 Octavianus gains Antony's fleet. — Death of Antony. — Death of Cleopatra. 
 
 Egypt reduced to a Roman province. 
 Octavianus takes the title of Prince of the Senate. — The Templeof Janus 
 
 is shut a third time. 
 The acts of the Triumvirate are annulled. — Census taken for the whole 
 
 empire, about 16,500,000 persons. 
 Octavianus accepts the government for ten years. — He receives the title 
 
 of Augustus and Imperator. 
 Conspiracy and death of Cornelius Gallus. — The Temple of Janus is 
 
 reopened. 
 Cantabrian war. — The Temple of Janus is shut a second time by 
 
 Augustus. 
 Augustus returns from Spain. 
 
 Death of Marcellus. — Embassy from Parthia. 
 
 Conspiracy and death of Murena. 
 
 Augustus visits Italy and Greece, and winters at Samos. 
 
 The Roman standards restored by Phraartes. — Augustus visits the East 
 
 and receives an Indian embassy at Samos. 
 The Cantabri finally subdued.— Augustus returns from Samos to Rome. 
 
 Augustus accepts the empire for ten years. 
 
 Ludi Saeculares. — Agrippa is sent into Syria. 
 
 Augustus proceeds into Gaul. — Agrippa passes over to Asia. 
 
 Augustus in Gaul. — Rhaetia subdued by Tiberius and Drusus. 
 
 Disturbances in the Bosphorus appeased by Agrippa. 
 
 Augustus returns from Gaul and Agrippa from Asia. 
 
 Death of Lepidus. — Augustus succeeds him as Pontifex Maximus. — 
 
 Death of Agrippa. — Drusus in Germany. 
 Second campaign of Drusus in Germany and of Tiberius in Dalmatia. 
 
 Death of Octavia. 
 
 Third campaign of Drusus in Germany.— Augustus in Gaul. — Birth of 
 
 Claudius. 
 Fourth campaign of Drusus. — His death, July 20. 
 
 Tiberius takes the command in Germany. — Peace ensues. — Augustus 
 accepts the empire a third time for ten years — Death of Maecenas. 
 
 Triumph of Tiberius. — Augustus corrects the Calendar; the month 
 Sextiles named Augustus. 
 
 Tiberius receives the Tribunician power for five years. — He retires to 
 Rhodes. 
 
 THE NATIVITY OF OUR SAVIOUR, Dec. 25. 
 
 Eclipse observed at Jerusalem, Mar. 13. — Illness and death of Herod. 
 Birth of Galba. — Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judea. 
 Banishment of Julia to the isle of Pandatarium. 
 Caius Caesar is sent into the East. 
 
 ROMAN AUTHORS 
 
 Sallust expelled the Senate.— Death 
 
 of Hortensius 
 Cicero returns to Rome. — Death of 
 
 Curio. — Varro lieutenant in Spain 
 Cicero arrives at Brundusium from 
 
 Pharsalia. — Lenaeus, gram. fl. 
 Cicero and Caesar at Brundusium. — 
 
 C. Julius Hyginus fl. 
 Cicero 'Brutus,' 'pro Marcello,' 'pro 
 
 Ligario.' — Sallust, praetor 
 Cicero 'de Oratore,' 'pro Deiotaro.' 
 
 Curtius Nicia, fl.— Pollio in Spain 
 Ciceronis 'Phil.' I— IV.— His philo- 
 sophical works 
 Ciceronis 'Phi!.' V— XIV.— Death of 
 
 Laberius.— Birth of Ovid.— Death 
 
 of Cicero. — Varro proscribed 
 Horace is present at Philippi.— Death 
 
 of Corniticius poeta 
 
 Cornelius Nepos flourished 
 Birth of Atteius, philol. 
 
 Varro 'De re rustica,' aet. 80 
 
 The Furnii flourished 
 
 Death of Bavius 
 
 Death of Sallust 
 
 Horatii 'Sat.' II. 6. 40. aet. 32.— Birth 
 
 of C. Melissus of Spoleto 
 Death of Atticus, aet. 77 
 
 Horatii 'Epod.' I. 9. 11. 7, set. 34 
 
 Cornelius Gallus is prefect of Egypt 
 
 Death of Varro, aet. 88 
 
 Horatii 'Carm.' I. 2. aet. 38.— Vitruvi- 
 
 us, fl.— Tibullus in Aquitania 
 Birth of Q. Caecilius Epirota. — Pro- 
 
 pertius fl. 
 Horatii 'Carm.' II. 4. 23, aet. 40.— 
 
 Munatius Plancus, orat. fl. 
 Quintilius Cremonensis, poeta, ob. — 
 
 Virgil employed upon the jEneid 
 Horatii 'Carm.' lib. II. 
 
 Virgil recit. 'Tu Marcellus ens', 
 
 Horatii 'Epist.' I. 20. 27, aet. 44 — 
 Atratinus, orat. fl. 
 
 Horatii 'Epist.' I. 3. 
 Death of Virgil, aet. 50 
 Death of Tibullus, aet. 40 
 
 Horatii 'Carmen Seculare.'— Porcius 
 Latro, the preceptor of Ovid, fl. 
 
 Death of jEmilius Macer the elder, 
 poeta 
 
 Horatii 'Carm.' IV. 1. 6, aet. 50 
 Cestius, the rhetorician, fl. 
 
 Death of Passienus, orat. fl. 
 Livy ends his history 
 Death of Horace, aet. 56 
 
 Albutius Silo, rhet. fl. 
 
 M. Tullius Tiro fl. 
 
 Death of Porcius Latro. — Melissus of 
 Spoleto, gram. fl. 
 
 Ovidii 'de Arte Amandi' 
 

 
A.D. 1—400 
 
 PARALLEL YEARS TO 
 
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 804 
 
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 849 
 
 413 
 
 220.1 
 
 854 
 
 101 
 
 4864 
 
 899 
 
 463 
 
 232.3 
 
 4715 
 
 750 
 
 314 
 
 2 
 
 755 
 
 2 
 
 4765 
 
 800 
 
 364 
 
 4 
 
 805 
 
 52 
 
 4815 
 
 850 
 
 414 
 
 2 
 
 855 
 
 102 
 
 4865 
 
 900 
 
 464 
 
 4 
 
 4716 
 
 751 
 
 315 
 
 3 
 
 756 
 
 3 
 
 4766 
 
 801 
 
 365 
 
 208.1 
 
 806 
 
 53 
 
 4816 
 
 851 
 
 415 
 
 3 
 
 856 
 
 103 
 
 4866 
 
 901 
 
 465 
 
 233.1 
 
 4717 
 
 752 
 
 316 
 
 4 
 
 757 
 
 4 
 
 4767 
 
 802 
 
 366 
 
 2 
 
 807 
 
 54 
 
 4817 
 
 852 
 
 416 
 
 4 
 
 857 
 
 104 
 
 4867 
 
 902 
 
 466 
 
 2 
 
 4718 
 
 753 
 
 317 
 
 196.1 
 
 758 
 
 5 
 
 4768 
 
 803 
 
 367 
 
 3 
 
 808 
 
 55 
 
 4818 
 
 853 
 
 417 
 
 221.1 
 
 858 
 
 105 
 
 4868 
 
 903 
 
 467 
 
 3 
 
 4719 
 
 754 
 
 318 
 
 2 
 
 759 
 
 6 
 
 4769 
 
 804 
 
 368 
 
 4 
 
 809 
 
 56 
 
 4819 
 
 854 
 
 418 
 
 2 
 
 859 
 
 106 
 
 4869 
 
 904 
 
 468 
 
 4 
 
 4720 
 
 755 
 
 319 
 
 3 
 
 760 
 
 7 
 
 1 4770 
 
 805 
 
 369 
 
 209.1 
 
 810 
 
 57 
 
 4820 
 
 855 
 
 419 
 
 3 
 
 860 
 
 107 
 
 4870 
 
 905 
 
 469 
 
 234.1 
 
 4721 
 
 756 
 
 320 
 
 4 
 
 761 
 
 8 
 
 4771 
 
 806 
 
 370 
 
 2 
 
 811 
 
 58 
 
 4821 
 
 856 
 
 420 
 
 4 
 
 861 
 
 108 
 
 4871 
 
 906 
 
 470 
 
 2 
 
 4722 
 
 757 
 
 321 
 
 197.1 
 
 762 
 
 9 
 
 1 4772 
 
 807 
 
 371 
 
 3 
 
 812 
 
 59 
 
 4822 
 
 857 
 
 421 
 
 222.1 
 
 862 
 
 109 
 
 4872 
 
 907 
 
 471 
 
 3 
 
 4723 
 
 758 
 
 322 
 
 2 
 
 763 
 
 10 
 
 1 4773 
 
 808 
 
 372 
 
 4 
 
 813 
 
 60 
 
 4823 
 
 858 
 
 422 
 
 2 
 
 863 
 
 110 
 
 4873 
 
 908 
 
 472 
 
 4 
 
 4724 
 
 759 
 
 323 
 
 3 
 
 764 
 
 11 
 
 j 4774 
 
 809 
 
 373 
 
 210.1 
 
 814 
 
 61 
 
 4824 
 
 859 
 
 423 
 
 3 
 
 864 
 
 111 
 
 4874 
 
 909 
 
 473 
 
 235.1 
 
 4725 
 
 760 
 
 324 
 
 4 
 
 765 
 
 12 
 
 4775 
 
 810 
 
 374 
 
 2 
 
 815 
 
 62 
 
 4825 
 
 860 
 
 424 
 
 4 
 
 865 
 
 112 
 
 4875 
 
 910 
 
 474 
 
 2 
 
 4726 
 
 761 
 
 325 
 
 198.1 
 
 766 
 
 13 
 
 4776 
 
 811 
 
 375 
 
 3 
 
 816 
 
 63 
 
 4826 
 
 861 
 
 425 
 
 223.1 
 
 866 
 
 113 
 
 4876 
 
 911 
 
 475 
 
 3 
 
 4727 
 
 762 
 
 326 
 
 2 
 
 767 
 
 14 
 
 4777 
 
 812 
 
 376 
 
 4 
 
 817 
 
 64 
 
 4827 
 
 862 
 
 426 
 
 2 
 
 867 
 
 114 
 
 4877 
 
 912 
 
 476 
 
 4 
 
 4728 
 
 763 
 
 327 
 
 3 
 
 768 
 
 15 
 
 4778 
 
 813 
 
 377 
 
 211.1 
 
 818 
 
 65 
 
 4828 
 
 863 
 
 427 
 
 3 
 
 868 
 
 115 
 
 4878 
 
 913 
 
 477 
 
 236.1 
 
 4729 
 
 764 
 
 328 
 
 4 
 
 769 
 
 16 
 
 4779 
 
 814 
 
 378 
 
 2 
 
 819 
 
 66 
 
 4829 
 
 864 
 
 428 
 
 4 
 
 869 
 
 116 
 
 4879 
 
 914 
 
 478 
 
 2 
 
 4730 
 
 765 
 
 329 
 
 199.1 
 
 770 
 
 17 
 
 4780 
 
 815 
 
 379 
 
 3 
 
 820 
 
 67 
 
 4830 
 
 865 
 
 429 
 
 224.1 
 
 870 
 
 117 
 
 4880 
 
 915 
 
 479 
 
 3 
 
 4731 
 
 766 
 
 330 
 
 2 
 
 771 
 
 18 
 
 4781 
 
 816 
 
 380 
 
 4 
 
 821 
 
 68 
 
 4831 
 
 866 
 
 430 
 
 2 
 
 871 
 
 118 
 
 4881 
 
 916 
 
 480 
 
 4 
 
 4732 
 
 767 
 
 331 
 
 3 
 
 772 
 
 19 
 
 ! 4782 
 
 817 
 
 381 
 
 212.1 
 
 822 
 
 69 
 
 4832 
 
 867 
 
 431 
 
 3 
 
 872 
 
 119 
 
 4882 
 
 917 
 
 481 
 
 237.1 
 
 4733 
 
 768 
 
 332 
 
 4 
 
 773 
 
 20 
 
 ; 4783 
 
 1 
 
 818 
 
 382 
 
 2 
 
 823 
 
 70 
 
 4833 
 
 868 
 
 432 
 
 4 
 
 873 
 
 120 
 
 4883 
 
 918 
 
 482 
 
 2 
 
 4734 
 
 769 
 
 333 
 
 200.1 
 
 774 
 
 21 
 
 4784 
 
 819 
 
 383 
 
 3 
 
 824 
 
 71 
 
 4834 
 
 869 
 
 433 
 
 225.1 
 
 874 
 
 121 
 
 4884 
 
 919 
 
 483 
 
 3 
 
 4735 
 
 770 
 
 334 
 
 2 
 
 775 
 
 22 
 
 4785 
 
 820 
 
 384 
 
 4 
 
 825 
 
 72 
 
 4835 
 
 870 
 
 434 
 
 2 
 
 875 
 
 122 
 
 4885 
 
 920 
 
 484 
 
 4 
 
 4736 
 
 771 
 
 335 
 
 3 
 
 776 
 
 23 
 
 4786 
 
 821 
 
 385 
 
 213.1 
 
 826 
 
 73 
 
 4836 
 
 871 
 
 435 
 
 3 
 
 876 
 
 123 
 
 4886 
 
 921 
 
 485 
 
 238.1 
 
 4737 
 
 772 
 
 336 
 
 4 
 
 777 
 
 24 
 
 4787 
 
 822 
 
 386 
 
 2 
 
 827 
 
 74 
 
 4837 
 
 872 
 
 436 
 
 4 
 
 877 
 
 124 
 
 4887 
 
 922 
 
 486 
 
 2 
 
 4738 
 
 773 
 
 337 
 
 201.1 
 
 778 
 
 25 
 
 4788 
 
 823 
 
 387 
 
 3 
 
 828 
 
 75 
 
 4838 
 
 873 
 
 437 
 
 226.1 
 
 878 
 
 125 
 
 4888 
 
 923 
 
 487 
 
 3 
 
 4739 
 
 774 
 
 338 
 
 2 
 
 779 
 
 26 
 
 4789 
 
 824 
 
 388 
 
 4 
 
 829 
 
 76 
 
 4839 
 
 874 
 
 438 
 
 2 
 
 879 
 
 126 
 
 4889 
 
 924 
 
 488 
 
 4 
 
 4740 
 
 775 
 
 339 
 
 3 
 
 780 
 
 27 
 
 4790 
 
 825 
 
 389 
 
 214.1 
 
 830 
 
 77 
 
 4840 
 
 875 
 
 439 
 
 3 
 
 880 
 
 127 
 
 4890 
 
 925 
 
 489 
 
 239.1 
 
 4741 
 
 776 
 
 340 
 
 4 
 
 781 
 
 28 
 
 4791 
 
 826 
 
 390 
 
 2 
 
 831 
 
 78 
 
 4841 
 
 876 
 
 440 
 
 4 
 
 881 
 
 128 
 
 4891 
 
 926 
 
 490 
 
 
 
 4742 
 
 777 
 
 341 
 
 202.1 
 
 782 
 
 29 
 
 4792 
 
 827 
 
 391 
 
 3 
 
 832 
 
 79 
 
 4842 
 
 877 
 
 441 
 
 227.1 
 
 882 
 
 129 
 
 4892 
 
 927 
 
 491 
 
 3 
 
 4743 
 
 778 
 
 342 
 
 2 
 
 783 
 
 30 
 
 4793 
 
 828 
 
 392 
 
 4 
 
 833 
 
 80 
 
 4843 
 
 878 
 
 442 
 
 2 
 
 883 
 
 130 
 
 4893 
 
 928 
 
 929 
 
 492 
 
 4 
 
 4744 
 
 779 
 
 343 
 
 3 
 
 784 
 
 31 
 
 4794 
 
 829 
 
 393 
 
 215.1 
 
 834 
 
 81 
 
 4844 
 
 879 
 
 443 
 
 3 
 
 884 
 
 131 
 
 4894 
 
 493 
 
 240.1 
 
 4745 
 
 780 
 
 344 
 
 4 
 
 785 
 
 32 
 
 4795 
 
 830 
 
 394 
 
 2 
 
 835 
 
 82 
 
 4845 
 
 880 
 
 444 
 
 4 
 
 885 
 
 132 
 
 4895 
 
 930 
 
 494 
 
 2 
 
 4746 
 
 781 
 
 345 
 
 203.1 
 
 786 
 
 33 
 
 4796 
 
 831 
 
 395 
 
 3 
 
 836 
 
 83 
 
 4846 
 
 881 
 
 445 
 
 228.1 
 
 886 
 
 133 
 
 4896 
 
 931 
 
 495 
 
 3 
 
 4747 
 
 782 
 
 346 
 
 2 
 
 787 
 
 34 
 
 4797 
 
 832 
 
 396 
 
 4 
 
 837 
 
 84 
 
 4847 
 
 882 
 
 446 
 
 2 
 
 887 
 
 134 
 
 4897 
 
 932 
 
 496 
 
 4 
 
 4748 
 
 783 
 
 347 
 
 3 
 
 788 
 
 35 
 
 ! 4798 
 
 833 
 
 397 
 
 216.1 
 
 838 
 
 85 
 
 4848 
 
 883 
 
 447 
 
 3 
 
 888 
 
 135 
 
 4898 
 
 933 
 
 497 
 
 241.1 
 
 4749 
 
 784 
 
 348 
 
 4 
 
 789 
 
 36 
 
 1 4799 
 
 834 
 
 398 
 
 2 
 
 839 
 
 86 
 
 4849 
 
 884 
 
 448 
 
 4 
 
 889 
 
 136 
 
 4899 
 
 934 
 
 498 
 
 2 
 
 4750 
 
 785 
 
 349 
 
 204.1 
 
 790 
 
 37 
 
 4800 
 
 835 
 
 399 
 
 3 
 
 840 
 
 87 
 
 4850 
 
 885 
 
 449 
 
 229.1 
 
 890 
 
 137 
 
 4900 
 
 935 
 
 499 
 
 3 
 
 4751 
 
 786 
 
 350 
 
 2 
 
 791 
 
 38 
 
 ; 4801 
 
 836 
 
 400 
 
 4 
 
 841 
 
 88 
 
 4851 
 
 886 
 
 450 
 
 2 
 
 891 
 
 138 
 
 4901 
 
 936 
 
 500 
 
 4 
 
 4752 
 
 787 
 
 351 
 
 S 
 
 792 
 
 39 
 
 4802 
 
 837 
 
 401 
 
 217.1 
 
 842 
 
 89 
 
 4852 
 
 887 
 
 451 
 
 3 
 
 892 
 
 139 
 
 4902 
 
 937 
 
 501 
 
 242.1 
 
 4753 
 
 788 
 
 352 
 
 4 
 
 793 
 
 40 
 
 4803 
 
 838 
 
 402 
 
 2 
 
 843 
 
 90 
 
 4853 
 
 888 
 
 452 
 
 4 
 
 893 
 
 140 
 
 4903 
 
 938 
 
 502 
 
 2 
 
 4754 
 
 789 
 
 353 
 
 205.1 
 
 794 
 
 41 
 
 4804 
 
 830 
 
 403 
 
 3 
 
 844 
 
 91 
 
 4854 
 
 889 
 
 453 
 
 230.1 
 
 894 
 
 141 
 
 4904 
 
 939 
 
 503 
 
 3 
 
 4755 
 
 790 
 
 354 
 
 2 
 
 795 
 
 42 
 
 4805 
 
 840 
 
 404 
 
 4 
 
 845 
 
 92 
 
 4855 
 
 890 
 
 454 
 
 2 
 
 895 
 
 142 
 
 4905 
 
 940 
 
 504 
 
 4 
 
 4756 
 
 791 
 
 355 
 
 3 
 
 796 
 
 43 
 
 4806 
 
 841 
 
 405 
 
 218.1 
 
 846 
 
 93 
 
 4856 
 
 891 
 
 455 
 
 3 
 
 896 
 
 143 
 
 4906 
 
 941 
 
 505 
 
 243.1 
 
 4757 
 
 792 
 
 356 
 
 4 
 
 797 
 
 44 
 
 4807 
 
 842 
 
 406 
 
 2 
 
 847 
 
 94 
 
 4857 
 
 892 
 
 456 
 
 4 
 
 897 
 
 144 
 
 4907 
 
 942 
 
 506 
 
 2 
 
 4758 
 
 793 
 
 357 
 
 206.1 
 
 798 
 
 45 
 
 4808 
 
 843 
 
 407 
 
 3 
 
 848 
 
 95 
 
 4858 
 
 893 
 
 457 
 
 231.1 
 
 898 
 
 145 
 
 4908 
 
 943 
 
 507 
 
 3 
 
 4759 
 
 794 
 
 358 
 
 2 
 
 799 
 
 46 
 
 4809 
 
 844 
 
 408 
 
 4 
 
 849 
 
 96 
 
 ! 4859 
 
 894 
 
 4S8 
 
 2 
 
 899 
 
 146 
 
 4909 
 
 944 
 
 508 
 
 4 
 
 4760 
 
 795 
 
 359 
 
 3 
 
 800 
 
 47 
 
 4810 
 
 845 
 
 409 
 
 219.1 
 
 850 
 
 97 
 
 4860 
 
 895 
 
 459 
 
 3 
 
 900 
 
 147 
 
 4910 
 
 945 
 
 509 
 
 244.1 
 
 4761 
 
 796 
 
 360 
 
 4 
 
 801 
 
 48 
 
 4811 
 
 846 
 
 410 
 
 2 
 
 851 
 
 98 
 
 4861 
 
 896 
 
 460 
 
 4 
 
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 148 
 
 4911 
 
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 510 
 
 2 
 
 4762 
 
 797 
 
 361 
 
 207.1 
 
 802 
 
 49 
 
 4812 
 
 847 
 
 411 
 
 3 
 
 852 
 
 99 
 
 4862 
 
 897 
 
 461 
 
 232.1 
 
 902 
 
 149 
 
 4912 
 
 947 
 
 511 
 
 3 
 
 4763 
 
 798 
 
 362 
 
 2 
 
 803 
 
 50 
 
 4813 
 
 848 
 
 412 
 
 4 
 
 853 
 
 100 
 
 4863 
 
 898 
 
 462 
 
 2 
 
 903 
 
 150 
 
 4913 
 
 948 
 
 512 
 
 4 
 
ECLINE OF THE OLYMPIADS 
 
 N° 60 = 20* 
 
 
 8 
 
 c 
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 3 
 
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 949 
 
 513 
 
 245.1 
 
 954 
 
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 4964 
 
 999 
 
 563 
 
 257.3 
 
 1004 
 
 251 
 
 5014 
 
 1049 
 
 613 
 
 270.1 
 
 1054 
 
 301 
 
 5064 
 
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 663 
 
 282.3 
 
 1104 
 
 351 
 
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 950 
 
 514 
 
 2 
 
 955 
 
 202 
 
 4965 
 
 1000 
 
 564 
 
 4 
 
 1005 
 
 252 
 
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 614 
 
 2 
 
 1055 
 
 302 
 
 5065 
 
 1100 
 
 664 
 
 4 
 
 1105 
 
 352 
 
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 951 
 
 515 
 
 3 
 
 956 
 
 203 
 
 4966 
 
 1001 
 
 565 
 
 258.1 
 
 1006 
 
 253 
 
 5016 
 
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 615 
 
 3 
 
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 303 
 
 5066 
 
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 665 
 
 283.1 
 
 1106 
 
 353 
 
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 952 
 
 516 
 
 4 
 
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 204 
 
 4967 
 
 1002 
 
 566 
 
 2 
 
 1007 
 
 254 
 
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 1052 
 
 616 
 
 4 
 
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 304 
 
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 666 
 
 2 
 
 1107 
 
 354 
 
 1 
 
 953 
 
 517 
 
 246.1 
 
 958 
 
 205 
 
 4968 
 
 1003 
 
 567 
 
 3 
 
 1008 
 
 255 
 
 5018 
 
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 617 
 
 271.1 
 
 1058 
 
 305 
 
 5068 
 
 1103 
 
 667 
 
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 1108 
 
 355 
 
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 954 
 
 518 
 
 2 
 
 959 
 
 206 
 
 4969 
 
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 568 
 
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 668 
 
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 955 
 
 519 
 
 3 
 
 960 
 
 207 
 
 4970 
 
 1005 
 
 569 
 
 259.1 
 
 1010 
 
 257 
 
 5020 
 
 1055 
 
 619 
 
 3 
 
 1060 
 
 307 
 
 5070 
 
 1105 
 
 669 
 
 284.1 
 
 1110 
 
 357 
 
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 520 
 
 4 
 
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 208 
 
 4971 
 
 1006 
 
 570 
 
 2 
 
 1011 
 
 258 
 
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 358 
 
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 957 
 
 521 
 
 247.1 
 
 962 
 
 209 
 
 4972 
 
 1007 
 
 571 
 
 3 
 
 1012 
 
 259 
 
 5022 
 
 1057 
 
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 272.1 
 
 1062 
 
 309 
 
 5072 
 
 1107 
 
 671 
 
 3 
 
 1112 
 
 359 
 
 5 
 
 958 
 
 522 
 
 2 
 
 963 
 
 210 
 
 4973 
 
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 1013 
 
 260 
 
 5023 
 
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 310 
 
 5073 
 
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 672 
 
 4 
 
 1113 
 
 360 
 
 1 
 
 959 
 
 523 
 
 3 
 
 964 
 
 211 
 
 4974 
 
 1009 
 
 573 
 
 260.1 
 
 1014 
 
 261 
 
 5024 
 
 1059 
 
 623 
 
 3 
 
 1064 
 
 311 
 
 5074 
 
 1109 
 
 673 
 
 285.1 
 
 1114 
 
 361 
 
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 960 
 
 524 
 
 4 
 
 965 
 
 212 
 
 4975 
 
 1010 
 
 574 
 
 2 
 
 1015 
 
 262 
 
 5025 
 
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 624 
 
 4 
 
 1065 
 
 312 
 
 5075 
 
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 674 
 
 2 
 
 1115 
 
 362 
 
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 961 
 
 525 
 
 248.1 
 
 966 
 
 213 
 
 4976 
 
 1011 
 
 575 
 
 3 
 
 1016 
 
 263 ! 
 
 5026 
 
 1061 
 
 625 
 
 273.1 
 
 1066 
 
 313 
 
 5076 
 
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 675 
 
 3 
 
 1116 
 
 363 
 
 T 
 
 962 
 
 526 
 
 2 
 
 967 
 
 214 
 
 4977 
 
 1012 
 
 576 
 
 4 
 
 1017 
 
 264 | 
 
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 1062 
 
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 2 
 
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 314 
 
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 4 
 
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 364 
 
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 963 
 
 527 
 
 3 
 
 968 
 
 215 
 
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 1013 
 
 577 
 
 261.1 
 
 1018 
 
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 5028 
 
 1063 
 
 627 
 
 3 
 
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 315 
 
 5078 
 
 1113 
 
 677 
 
 286.1 
 
 1118 
 
 365 
 
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 964 
 
 528 
 
 4 
 
 969 
 
 216 
 
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 578 
 
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 1019 
 
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 316 
 
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 249.1 
 
 970 
 
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 3 
 
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 274.1 
 
 1070 
 
 317 
 
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 367 
 
 
 966 
 
 530 
 
 2 
 
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 218 
 
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 580 
 
 4 
 
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 268 
 
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 630 
 
 2 
 
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 680 
 
 4 
 
 1121 
 
 368 
 
 1 
 
 967 
 
 531 
 
 3 
 
 972 
 
 219 
 
 4982 
 
 1017 
 
 581 
 
 262.1 
 
 1022 
 
 269 
 
 5032 
 
 1067 
 
 631 
 
 3 
 
 1072 
 
 319 
 
 5082 
 
 1117 
 
 681 
 
 287.1 
 
 1122 
 
 369 
 
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 968 
 
 532 
 
 4 
 
 973 
 
 220 
 
 4983 
 
 1018 
 
 582 
 
 2 
 
 1023 
 
 270 
 
 5033 
 
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 632 
 
 4 
 
 1073 
 
 320 
 
 5083 
 
 1118 
 
 682 
 
 2 
 
 1123 
 
 370 
 
 1 
 
 969 
 
 533 
 
 250.1 
 
 974 
 
 221 
 
 4984 
 
 1019- 
 
 583 
 
 3 
 
 1024 
 
 271 
 
 5034 
 
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 633 
 
 275.1 
 
 1074 
 
 321 
 
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 3 
 
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 371 
 
 5 
 
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 534 
 
 2 
 
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 372 
 
 3 
 
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 535 
 
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 223 
 
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 585 
 
 263.1 
 
 1026 
 
 273 
 
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 323 
 
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 288.1 
 
 1126 
 
 373 
 
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 4 
 
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 586 
 
 2 
 
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 274 
 
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 636 
 
 4 
 
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 324 
 
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 264.1 
 
 1030 
 
 277 
 
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 3 
 
 1080 
 
 327 
 
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 289.1 
 
 1130 
 
 377 
 
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 590 
 
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 278 
 
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 378 
 
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 252.1 
 
 982 
 
 229 
 
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 3 
 
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 277.1 
 
 1082 
 
 329 
 
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 1132 
 
 379 
 
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 2 
 
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 4 
 
 1133 
 
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 3 
 
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 265.1 
 
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 331 
 
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 1138 
 
 385 
 
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 293.1 
 
 1146 
 
 393 
 
 7 
 
 992 
 
 556 
 
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 294 
 
 5057 
 
 1092 
 
 656 
 
 4 
 
 1097 
 
 344 
 
 5107 
 
 1142 
 
 706 
 
 2 
 
 1147 
 
 394 
 
 B 
 
 993 
 
 557 
 
 256.1 
 
 998 
 
 245 
 
 5008 
 
 1043 
 
 607 
 
 3 
 
 1048 
 
 295 
 
 5058 
 
 1093 
 
 657 
 
 281.1 
 
 1098 
 
 345 
 
 5108 
 
 1143 
 
 707 
 
 3 
 
 1148 
 
 395 
 
 ) 
 
 994 
 
 558 
 
 2 
 
 999 
 
 246 
 
 5009 
 
 1044 
 
 608 
 
 4 
 
 1049 
 
 296 
 
 : 5059 
 
 1094 
 
 658 
 
 2 
 
 1099 
 
 346 
 
 5109 
 
 1144 
 
 708 
 
 4 
 
 1149 
 
 396 
 
 ) 
 
 995 
 
 559 
 
 3 
 
 1000 
 
 247 
 
 5010 
 
 1045 
 
 609 
 
 269.1 
 
 1050 
 
 297 
 
 5060 
 
 1095 
 
 659 
 
 3 
 
 1100 
 
 347 
 
 5110 
 
 1145 
 
 709 
 
 (294).l 
 
 1150 
 
 397 
 
 1 
 
 996 
 
 560 
 
 4 
 
 1001 
 
 248 
 
 5011 
 
 1046 
 
 610 
 
 2 
 
 1051 
 
 298 
 
 5061 
 
 1096 
 
 660 
 
 4 
 
 1101 
 
 348 
 
 5111 
 
 1146 
 
 710 
 
 2 
 
 1151 
 
 398 
 
 2 1 997 
 
 561 
 
 257.1 
 
 1002 
 
 249 
 
 5012 
 
 1047 
 
 611 
 
 3 
 
 1052 
 
 299 
 
 ! 5062 
 
 1097 
 
 661 
 
 282.1 
 
 1102 
 
 349 
 
 5112 
 
 1147 
 
 711 
 
 3 
 
 1152 
 
 399 
 
 3 998 
 
 562 
 
 2 
 
 1003 
 
 250 
 
 5013 
 
 1048 
 
 612 
 
 4 
 
 1053 
 
 300 
 
 ; 5063 
 
 1098 
 
 662 
 
 2 
 
 1103 
 
 350 
 
 5113 
 
 1148 
 
 712 
 
 4 
 
 1153 
 
 400 
 

A.D.I— 50 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AND 
 
 N' 
 
 i 
 
 •c 
 s 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 c 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Rome 
 
 Arsacida? 
 
 of 
 Parthia 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Cappadocia 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 STATES* 
 
 AND 
 
 WARRIC 
 
 4714 
 4715 
 4716 
 4717 
 4718 
 4719 
 4720 
 4721 
 4722 
 4723 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 32 Augustus 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 38 Phraates 
 
 IV. 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 • 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 37Archelaus 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 Sextus the Pythagorean 
 
 Phaedrus 
 
 Philistion mimograph. 
 Asinius Gallus, ob. 33 
 
 War in Germany. 
 
 Interview of Caius Cajsar with Phraates. — Return 
 
 of Tiberius to Rome. — Death of Lucius Caesar. 
 Augustus accepts the Empire for a lourth period 
 
 of ten years. 
 Death of Caius in Lycia. — Adoption of Tiberius. 
 
 His first campaign in Germany. 
 Second campaign of Tiberius in Germany. — A 
 
 famine this year. 
 Third campaign of Tiberius. — Revolt of Pannonia 
 
 and Dalmatia. 
 Germanicus is sent into Germany. — The lllyrian 
 
 War. 
 Christ visits the Temple. — The Pannonians submit 
 
 to the Romans. 
 Defeat and death of Quintilius Varus by Arminius. 
 
 Birth of Vespasian. 
 Tiberius again sent into Germany, crosses the 
 
 Rhine, and ravages the country. 
 
 Germanicus, ob. 
 
 Arminius, Germai 
 ob. 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 4724 
 4725 
 4726 
 4727 
 4728 
 4729 
 4730 
 4731 
 4732 
 4733 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Tiberius 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 1 Phraati- 
 
 ces 
 1 Orodes 
 
 II 
 
 1 Vonones 
 
 L 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Artabanes 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 — Regency 
 
 from 
 Rome 
 
 — Cappado- 
 
 cia a Ro- 
 man pro- 
 vince 
 
 Death of Livy 
 
 Sotion phiL the preceptor of 
 Seneca 
 
 Velleius Paterculus, ob. 31 
 
 Cornelius Celsus 
 
 Strabo still employed upon 
 his geography 
 
 Tiberius retires to Gaul. 
 
 Triumph of Tiberius.— Birth of Caligula.— Ger- 
 manicus chief in command on the Rhine. 
 
 Augustus accepts the Empire a fifth time for ten 
 years. 
 
 Death of Augustus at Nola in Campania, ast. 75. 
 
 The destruction of the bridge on the Rhine pre- 
 vented by Agrippina. 
 
 Germanicus gains two battles over Arminius. — 
 He is recalled. 
 
 Triumph of Germanicus. — Earthquake in Asia, 
 12 cities destroyed. — Death of Arminius. 
 
 Expedition of Germanicus and Piso to tne East. 
 Cappadocia reduced to a Roman province. 
 
 Death of Germanicus at Antioch. — Piso ejected 
 from Syria by Sentius. 
 
 Agrippina lands at Brundusium with the ashes of 
 Germanicus. — Death of Piso. 
 
 Drusus, son of Tib 
 
 Agrippina, wife to 
 cus, 
 
 4734 
 4735 
 4736 
 4737 
 4738 
 4739 
 4740 
 4741 
 4742 
 4743 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 Valerius Maximus 
 Thrasyllus phil. ob. 36 
 
 Revolt of the Gauls, who are subdued by Silius. 
 
 Death of Drusus by Sejanus. 
 War in Africa ended by Dolabella. 
 
 The Thracians conquered by Sabinus. — Tiberius 
 finally leaves Rome for Caprea. 
 
 Revolt of the Frisians and defeat of Apronius. 
 
 The ministry of John the Baptist . — Death of the 
 Empress Li via. 
 
 Banishment of Agrippina and the sons of Ger- 
 manicus. — Power of Sejanus. 
 
 Sejanus, minister 1 
 us, 
 
 4744 
 4745 
 4746 
 4747 
 4748 
 4749 
 4750 
 4751 
 4752 
 4753 
 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 Tiridates 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 
 Columella 
 
 Apion of Alexandria 
 
 Philo Judsus 
 
 Fall and death of Sejanus. 
 
 THE CRUCIFIXION, April 3. — Death of 
 Agrippina. 
 
 Martyrdom of St. Stephen.— Elevation and fall of 
 
 Tiridates King of Parthia. 
 Conversion of St. Paul.— Death of Tiberius, aet. 77. 
 
 The Hebrew Gospel of St. Matthew written about 
 this time. 
 
 Macro, minister to 
 
 1 Caligula 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Flaccus, governor 
 
 Helicon, minister 
 gula, 
 
 4754 
 4755 
 4756 
 4757 
 4758 
 4759 
 4760 
 4761 
 4762 
 4763 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 
 1 Claudius 
 
 L 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 g 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 1 Vardanes 
 
 2 
 
 1 Gotarzes 
 
 2 
 
 [II. 
 1 Vonones 
 1 Vologeses 
 
 
 Pomponius Mela 
 
 Conspiracy of Chaerea. — Death of Caligula. — Ele- 
 vation of Claudius. — Death of Chaerea. 
 
 Expeditions of Plautius and Claudius into Bri- 
 tain. 
 
 Thrace becomes a Romance province. 
 
 Ludi Seculares— Expedition of Ostorius.— Canal 
 
 formed between the Rhine and the Maes. 
 Death of Messalina. 
 
 Adoption of Nero by Claudius.— Cologne founded 
 by Agrippina. 
 
 Empress Messalina 
 
 Narcissus, ministei 
 
 dius, 
 Pallas, minister to 
 
 Caractacus, Kingol 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Ostorius, Roman g« 
 Britain, 
 
l. D. 51—100 
 
 HISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°22 
 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 a 
 c 
 < 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Rome 
 
 Arsacida? 
 
 of 
 Parthia 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 
 51 
 ,52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 69 
 70 
 
 71 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 
 75 
 76 
 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 80 
 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 88 
 89 
 90 
 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 100 
 
 11 Claudius 
 I. 
 
 2 Vologeses 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 Seneca, ob. aet. 63, 65 
 Persius 
 
 Caractacus carried in chains before the tribunal 
 Of Claudius. 
 
 Nero pleads before the Emperor. 
 Death of Claudius by Agrippina, 
 Death of Britannicus. 
 
 Death of Agrippina by Nero. 
 
 Empress Agrippina, ob. 59 
 
 Corbulo, governor of Arme- 
 nia, ob. 66 
 
 Burrhus, minister to Nero, 
 ob. 62 
 
 Thrasea Paetus ob. 66 
 Boadicea Queen of the Iceni 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 Nero 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Linus 
 
 Petronius Arbiter, ob. cir. 66 
 Lucan, 37 — 65 
 
 Quintus Curtius 
 
 Pliny the Elder, 22-79 
 
 St. Paul shipwrecked at Malta.— Boadicea de- 
 feated by Suetonius. 
 
 The Greek Gospel of St. Matthew written about 
 this time. — Octavia put to death. 
 
 The Gospels of St. Mark and St. Luke about this 
 time. — Embassy from Volgeses to Nero. 
 
 Conflagration of Rome. — First persecution of the 
 Christians. 
 
 Conspiracy and death of Piso. — Seneca, Lucan, 
 and others put to death. 
 
 Martyrdom of St. Peter and St Paul. — Nero pro- 
 ceeds to the games of Greece. 
 
 Vespasian enters Judea, and subdues Galilee. — 
 Nero returns to Rome. 
 
 Revolt of Vindex. — The Empire declined by Vir- 
 ginius. — Elevation of Galea. — Death of Nero. 
 
 Death of Galba. — Otho defeated at Bedriacum. — 
 Surrender of Cremona to the army of Vespasian. 
 
 Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Titus, Sept. 7. 
 
 Suetonius Paulinus, gover- 
 nor of Britain 
 
 Tigellinus, minister to Nero, 
 ob. 06 
 Gessius Florus, governor of 
 Judea 
 
 Piso, favourite of Galba, 
 
 ob. 69 
 Mucianus, minister to Ves- 
 pasian 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 IGalba 
 
 lOtho 
 
 1 VitelUus 
 
 2 Vespasian 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Titus 
 
 2 . 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Anacletus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Flavius Josephus, 
 
 ob. set. 56,93 
 
 Julius Frontinus, geomet. 
 Silius Italicus 
 
 Arcanius Pedianus, gram. 
 
 The Temple of Janus is shut. 
 
 Antiochus King of Commagene subdued. — Com- 
 
 magene becomes a Roman province. 
 The Philosophers expelled from Rome. 
 
 Dedication of the Temple of Peace. 
 
 Agricola sent into Britain. 
 
 Death of Vespasian. — Destruction of Pompeii and 
 Herculaneum by the eruption of Vesuvius. 
 
 Great pestilence and conflagration in Rome. — 
 Destruction of the Capitol recently built. 
 
 Lupus, governor of Egypt 
 Julius Agricola, 40—93 
 
 
 1 Domitian 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Artabanes 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 Pacorus 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Martial, ob. at. 75, 104 
 
 Apollonius Tyanaeus, the 
 Pythagorean, ob. 97 
 Valerius Flaccus 
 
 Solinus, gram. 
 
 Epictetus, ob. cir. 161 
 Quintilian, cir. 42 — 95 
 
 Death of Titus. 
 
 The Caledonians defeated by Agricola. 
 
 Agricola returns to Rome from Britain. 
 
 Institution of the Capitoline games. — War against 
 the Dacii. 
 
 Ludi Seculares. 
 
 The Astrologers banished from Rome 
 
 The Dacian war ended. 
 
 Lucius Antonius, general in 
 Germany, ob. 92 
 
 Cornelius Fuscus, Praetorian 
 prefect 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 ) 
 
 1 
 i 
 ) 
 
 J 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Nerva 
 
 2 
 
 1 Trajan 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 Evaristus 
 
 Statius, ob. 96 
 
 St. Ignatius, ob. 108 
 Tacitus, ob. post. 99 
 
 Juvenal, ob. 128 
 
 Menelaus of Alexandria 
 
 Revolt of L. Antonius on the Upper Rhine. 
 Death of Agricola. — War with the Sarmatians. 
 
 The second persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Domitian put to death by Stephanus, Sept 18, 
 
 set. 44. 
 Death of Virginius. — Sedition of the Praetorians. 
 
 St. John writes his Gospel and the Apocalypse 
 
 about this time. — Death of Nerva. 
 Trajan returns to Rome from Germany. 
 
 Maximus, general in Ger- 
 many 
 
 Julian, governor in Britain 
 
 Calphurnius Crassus 
 Decebalus, king of Dacia 
 
 

A. D. 101—150 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AND 
 
 N° 
 
 4814 
 4815 
 4816 
 4817 
 4818 
 4819 
 4820 
 4821 
 4822 
 
 4824 
 4825 
 4826 
 4827 
 4828 
 4829 
 4830 
 4831 
 4832 
 4833 
 
 4834 
 4835 
 4836 
 4837 
 
 4840 
 4841 
 4842 
 4843 
 
 4844 
 4845 
 4846 
 4847 
 4848 
 4849 
 4850 
 4851 
 4852 
 4853 
 
 4854 
 4855 
 4856 
 4857 
 4858 
 4859 
 4860 
 4861 
 4862 
 4863 
 
 101 
 102 
 103 
 104 
 105 
 106 
 107 
 108 
 109 
 110 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Rome 
 
 4 Trajan 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Hadrian 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Antoninus 
 
 Pius 
 
 2 
 
 Arsacidae 
 
 of 
 Parthia 
 
 12 Pacorus 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 Khosrou 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 1 Alexan- 
 der L 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 Sixtus I. 
 
 Telespho. 
 rus 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Hyginus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Pius L 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ^— 
 
 6 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Pliny the Younger, 
 
 ob. cir. 110 
 
 Dion Chrysostom 
 
 Philo Biblius, ob. art. 80, 133 
 
 Plutarch, 
 
 ob. cir. 120 
 
 Suetonius, 
 
 .Elian, 
 
 Florus 
 
 ob. post 117 
 
 cir. 80—140 
 
 Theon of Smyrna, astron. 
 
 Favorinus, phiL 
 
 Phlegon the Trallian 
 
 Aristides of Athens 
 Aquila, the Interpreter 
 
 Salvius Julianus, juriscon- 
 sult ob. post. 148 
 
 St. Polycarp, 
 
 ob. 167 
 
 Claudius Ptolemy, geog. 
 
 cir. 70—161 
 Marcion of Sinope 
 
 Arrian 
 
 Justin Martyr, 
 
 ob. 164 
 
 Appian, the historian 
 
 Polyaenus ' Strategemata ' 
 Artemidorus Daldianus 
 Lucius Apuleius 
 Justin, historian 
 Aulus Gellius 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 War with the Dacii. — Peace granted to Dece- 
 
 balus. 
 Pliny is proconsul of Bithynia and Pontus. — His 
 
 letter concerning the Christians to Trajan. 
 Dacia reduced by Trajan to a Roman province. 
 
 Trajan erects a bridge over the Danube. 
 
 Conquest of Arabia Petraea by Cornelius Palma. 
 
 War against the Parthians. — Trajan passes over 
 to the East. 
 
 Conquest of Armenia by Trajan. — Third persecu- 
 tion of the Christians. 
 
 Trajan's column erected at Rome. — The war 
 
 against the Parthians renewed. 
 Conquest of Assyria. — Surrender of Ctesiphon 
 
 and Susa. 
 Revolt of the Asiatic provinces. 
 
 Loss of the conquests in the East — Death of 
 
 Trajan in Cilicia, Aug. 10, set. 64. 
 Hadrian passes through Illyria to Rome. — The 
 
 fourth persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Hadrian passes into Gaul and Germany. 
 
 Hadrian passes into Britain. — The Vallum Ha. 
 driani from Carlisle to Newcastle built. 
 
 Jerusalem rebuilt by Hadrian. 
 
 Revolt of the Jews. 
 
 The Jewish war ends. 
 
 Adoption of Titus Antoninus by Hadrian, Feb.25. 
 
 Death of Hadrian at Baiae, July 10, set. 72. 
 Marriage of Marcus Aurelius with Faustina, 
 
 daughter of Antoninus. 
 
 Death of the Empress Faustina. 
 
 Antoninus defeats the Moors, the Germans, and 
 the Dacians. 
 
 Ludi Seculares. 
 
 STATESM 
 
 AND 
 WARRIO 
 
 Licinius Sura, P 
 
 prefect 
 Palma, governor of 
 
 Marcellus, minister 
 
 Empress Plotina, 
 
 Maximus, 
 
 Empress Sabina 
 
 Marcius Turbo, go' 
 Judea 
 
 Julius Severus, got 
 Britain 
 
 Minucius Fundan 
 consul in Asia 
 
 Antinous, 
 
 Barchochebas, the \ 
 
 Ceionius Commodu 
 
 Herodes Atticus, ob 
 Empress Galeria Fa 
 
 Claudius Maximus, 
 sul of Africa 
 
V.D. 151—200 
 
 HISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 24 
 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 151 
 152 
 153 
 154 
 155 
 156 
 157 
 158 
 159 
 160 
 
 161 
 162 
 163 
 164 
 165 
 166 
 167 
 168 
 169 
 170 
 
 171 
 172 
 173 
 174 
 175 
 176 
 177 
 178 
 179 
 180 
 
 181 
 182 
 183 
 184 
 185 
 186 
 187 
 188 
 189 
 190 
 
 191 
 192 
 193 
 194 
 195 
 196 
 197 
 198 
 199 
 200 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Rome 
 
 Arsacidae 
 
 of 
 Parthia 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 GENIUS 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 
 14 Antoninus 
 
 Pius 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 i 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 31 Vologesos 
 
 II. 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 10 Pius L 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Anicetus 
 
 4 
 
 Maximus Tyrius, ob. cir. 180 
 Pausanias, ob. post 173 
 
 Diophantus of Alexandria, 
 mathemat. 
 
 Lucian, cir. 90—180 
 
 Rescript from Antoninus to the proconsul of Asia 
 in favour of the Christians. 
 
 Atilius Titianus put to death for conspiring to 
 obtain the empire. 
 
 Lollius Urbicus, governor of 
 Britain 
 
 
 23 
 
 [us 
 
 
 •1 M. Aureli- 
 L.Verus 1 
 
 2 2 
 
 3 3 
 
 4 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 6 6 
 
 7 7 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Soter 
 
 Hermogenes of Tarsus, rhe- 
 torician 
 
 Galen, 131—201 
 
 Athenagoras, the Christian 
 philosopher, ob. 177 
 
 Theophilus, Bp. of Antioch, 
 ob. 182 
 
 Death of Antoninus Pius, Mar. 7, a>t. 75. 
 War with the Parthians. 
 
 Sack and conflagration of Seleucia by the Romans. 
 Peace with Parthia. 
 
 Death of Lucius Verus. 
 War with the Marcomanni. 
 
 Statius Priscus, general to 
 Aurelius 
 
 Empress Faustina, ob. 175 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 10 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Commodus 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 Eleuthe- 
 
 rus 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Tatian 
 
 Athenaeus of Naucratis, 
 
 ob. cir. 194 
 Montanus, sectarian 
 
 Diogenes Laertius, 
 
 ob. cir. 222 
 
 War with the Marcomanni and the Vandals ended. 
 
 Revolt of Avidius Cassius, who is slain. — Death 
 of the Empress Faustina. 
 
 War with the Marcomanni renewed. — Smyrna 
 destroyed by an earthquake. 
 
 Death of Marcus Aurelius at Sirmium, Mar. 17, 
 set. 59. 
 
 Avidius Cassius, the Syrian, 
 ob. 175 
 
 Lucilla, sister to Commodus, 
 ob. 183 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 St. Irenasus, ob. 202 
 Thedotion, the Interpreter 
 
 Julius Pollux, ob. cir. 176 
 
 Lucilla, sister to Commodus, exiled and put to 
 death for conspiracy. 
 
 Perennis sacrificed by Commodus at the instiga- 
 tion of the British legions. 
 
 Sedition and death of Cleander. 
 
 Perennis, minister to Com- 
 modus, ob. 186 
 
 Uipius Marcellus, governor 
 of Britain 
 
 Marcia, favourite of Com- 
 modus 
 
 Cleander, minister to Com- 
 modus, ob. 189 
 
 Electus and Laetus, minis- 
 ters to Commodus 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 12 • 
 
 13 
 
 1 Pertinax 
 Julian 
 
 2 S. Severus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 — Vologeses 
 III. 
 
 lArtabanes 
 IV. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 Victor L 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 Tertullian, ob. cir. 222 
 
 Death of Commodus by strangulation, Dec. 31, 
 
 set. 31. 
 Murder of Pertinax, Mar. 28.— Elevation of Sep- 
 
 timius Severus, Apr. 13. — Deposition and death 
 
 of Julian, June 2. 
 
 Battle of Issus.— PescenniusNigerdefeatedbySep- 
 timius Severus. — Disputes respecting Easter 
 
 Byzantium surrendered after a three years' siege 
 to the generals of Severus. 
 
 Battle of Lyons, Claudius Albinus defeated by 
 Severus, Feb. 19. 
 
 Ctesiphon taken by assault by Severus. 
 
 Clodius Albinus, governor 
 of Britain, ob. 198 
 
 Numerianus, general to Se- 
 verus 
 Scapula, proconsul of Africa 
 
 
 
 

A.D. 201—250 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AND 
 
 N ( 
 
 4914 
 4915 
 4916 
 4917 
 4918 
 4919 
 4920 
 4921 
 4922 
 4923 
 
 4924 
 4925 
 4926 
 4927 
 4928 
 4929 
 4930 
 4931 
 4932 
 4933 
 
 4934 
 4935 
 4936 
 4937 
 4938 
 4939 
 4940 
 4941 
 4942 
 4943 
 
 4944 
 4945 
 4946 
 4947 
 4948 
 4949 
 4950 
 4951 
 4952 
 4953 
 
 4954 
 4955 
 4956 
 4957 
 4958 
 4959 
 4960 
 4961 
 4962 
 4963 
 
 am 
 
 202 
 205 
 204 
 90S 
 906 
 207 
 208 
 200 
 210 
 
 211 
 
 212 
 
 213 
 
 214 
 
 215 
 
 216 
 
 217 
 
 218- 
 
 21!) 
 
 220 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Rome 
 
 9 Septimius 
 Severus 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Arsacidae 
 
 of 
 Parthia 
 
 3 Artaba- 
 nes IV. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 221 
 222 
 223 
 224 
 225 
 226 
 227 
 228 
 880 
 930 
 
 240 
 
 241 
 242 
 24:3 
 214 
 245 
 246 
 247 
 248 
 249 
 250 
 
 1 Caracalla 13 
 Geta 1 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 ■ 
 
 1 Macrinus 
 
 1 Elagabalus 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 Severus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Maximin 
 
 1 Two Gord- 
 ians, &c. 
 
 1 Gordian, 
 junior 
 
 1 Philip the 
 
 Arabian 
 
 2 
 
 1 Decius 
 
 24 
 
 25 8 a 
 
 26 !* 
 
 27 Jo 
 
 1 Ardisheer 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Shahpoor 
 L 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 9 Victor 
 
 1 Zephiri- 
 
 nus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Calixtus 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 — Vacant 
 
 1 Urban I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Pontianus 
 
 1 Anterius 
 1 Fabianus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Papinianus, jurisprud. 
 
 140—212 
 
 Clemens of Alexandria 
 
 ob. cir. 220 
 
 Philostratus, soph. 
 
 ob. cir. 244 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 Oppian, 
 
 ob. aet. 30. 213 
 
 Minucius Felix, living 220 
 
 Julius Africanus, ■ Chrono- 
 graphia ' 
 
 Dion Cassius, 
 
 Origen, 
 
 Censorinus, gram. 
 
 Gregory Thaumaturgus, 
 
 ob. post 270 
 
 Herodian, hist. 
 
 The Fifth Persecution against the Christians. 
 
 Ludi Seculares. 
 
 The Caledonian war. — Severus penetrates to the 
 
 northern extremity of Scotland. 
 Severus builds the wall across Britain from the 
 
 Firth of Forth. 
 
 STATESM 
 
 AND 
 WARRIO 
 
 Plautianus, minisfc 
 verus, 
 
 Death of Sept Severus at York, Feb. 4, set. 64. 
 Murder of Geta, Feb. 27. 
 
 Conquest of Osrhoene by the Romans. 
 
 Assassination of Caracalla, Mar. 8. — Elevation of 
 
 Opilius Macrinus, Mar. 11. 
 Battle of Imms, defeat and death of Macrinus, 
 
 June 7. 
 
 Alexander Severus declared Caesar. 
 
 Murder of Elagabalus, Mar. 10.— Accession of 
 Alexander Severus. 
 
 Dynasty of the Arsacidae terminated. — Com. 
 mencement of the Sassanides. 
 
 Pretended victory of Alexander Severus. 
 
 Conspiracy of Maximin.— Death of Severus, 
 May 19.— Sixth Persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Revolt in Africa.— Death of the Gordians, July 3. — 
 Election of Maximus and Balbinus. 
 
 Murder of Maximin, Apr.— Massacre of Maximus 
 and Balbinus.— Elevation of Gordian, junior. 
 
 Administration of Misetheus. — Sabinianus revolts 
 in Africa. 
 
 Expedition of Gordian against the Persians. 
 
 Misetheus succeeded in the Prefecture by Philip 
 
 the Arabian. 
 Gordian the younger murdered at the instigation 
 
 of Philip. 
 Philip makes peace with Shapoor and returns to 
 
 Rome. 
 
 The Ludi Seculares celebrated by Philip, Apr. 21. 
 
 Defeat and death of Philip by Decius, near Verona. 
 
 Campaign of Decius against the Goths.— The 
 Seventh Persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Diadumemanus, 
 
 Julia, mother to Ela 
 
 Ulpian Roman lawy 
 Mammea,mother to : 
 
 Julius Celsus, gener 
 
 verus 
 Valerius Maximus, 
 
 in Illyria 
 Julius Palmatus, ge 
 
 Armenia 
 Vitalianus, minister 
 
 imin, 
 Sabinus, minister tc 
 
 min, 
 Capelianus, general 
 
 ritania 
 
 Misitheus, minister 
 dian. 
 
 Severianus, governoi 
 sia 
 
 Philip the younger, 
 
 minister, 
 Priscus, governor of 
 
<LD. 251—300 
 
 HISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°26 
 
 B 
 o 
 Q 
 
 Emperors 
 
 Sassanida: 
 
 Bishops 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 o 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 AND 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 Rome 
 
 Persia 
 
 Rome 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 251 
 252 
 
 1 Gallus 
 Volucian 1 
 
 2 2 
 
 12 Shahpoor 
 
 I. 
 
 13 
 
 1 Cornelius 
 1 Lucius 
 
 St. Cyprian, ob. 258 
 
 253 
 254 
 
 1 .flSmiliari 
 
 1 Valerian 
 
 2 and 
 Gallienus 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Stephen I. 
 
 2 
 
 Plotinus, phil. ob. mt. 66, 270 
 
 255 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 
 256 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 
 257 
 258 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Sixtus II. 
 — Vacant 
 
 Dionysius, Bp. of Alexan. 
 dria, ob. 265 
 
 259 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 1 Dionysius 
 
 
 260 
 
 1 Gallienus 
 alone 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 
 261 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 Longinus, ob. 275 
 
 262 
 263 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 Paul of Samostrata, 
 
 deposed 270 
 
 264 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 
 265 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 
 266 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 
 267 
 
 
 28 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 268 
 269 
 
 1 Claudius 
 
 II 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 1 Felix L 
 
 
 270 
 
 1 Aurelian 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 
 271 
 
 2 
 
 1 Hoormuz 
 
 I. 
 1 Baharam 
 
 I. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 272 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 273 
 274 
 
 \ 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 275 
 
 1 Tacitus 
 
 4 
 
 lEutychian 
 
 
 276 
 277 
 
 1 Florian 
 
 1 Probus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Baharam 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Porphyry, 233—305 
 
 278 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 279 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 280 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 281 
 282 
 
 6 
 
 1 M.A.Carus 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 St. Anthony, the patriarch 
 of monachism, 251 — 356 
 
 283 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 1 Caius 
 
 
 284 
 
 1 Diocletian 
 
 9 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 
 285 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 Arnobius of Sicca 
 
 286 
 
 3 Maxim- 1 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 
 287 
 
 tan 
 
 4 2 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 
 288 
 
 5 3 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 289 
 
 6 4 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 Gregory and — 
 
 290 
 
 7 5 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 Hermogenes, lawyers 
 
 291 
 
 8 6 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 iElius Spartianus-, hist. 
 
 292 
 
 9 7 
 
 17 
 
 [III. 
 1 Baharam 
 
 1 Narses 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 293 
 294 
 
 10 8 
 
 11 9 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 JElius Lampridius, hist. 
 
 295 
 
 12 10 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 
 296 
 
 13 11 
 
 4 
 
 1 Marcelli- 
 
 
 297 
 
 14 12 
 
 5 
 
 nus 
 2 
 
 
 298 
 299 
 
 15 13 
 
 16 14 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 Trebellius Pollio, hist. 
 
 ob. cir. 300 
 
 300 
 
 17 15 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 Julius Capitolinus, hist. 
 
 ob. cir. 335 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 The Censorship revived by Decius in favour of 
 
 Valerian. — Death of the Decii. 
 Gallus purchases peace by the payment of an 
 
 annual tribute to the Goths. 
 Victory, revolt, and elevation of iEmilianus, who 
 
 is defeated by Valerian at Spoleto. 
 
 The Eighth Persecution of the Christians. 
 The career of the Thirty Tyrants begins. 
 
 Valerian defeated and taken prisoner by Shah- 
 poor, King of Persia. — Gallienus sole emperor. 
 
 Aureolus defeated by Gallienus at Milan. — Death 
 of Valerian, Mar. 20. 
 
 Odenatus King of Palmyra governs the Eastern 
 Empire for Gallienus. 
 
 Zenobia revenges the death of Odenatus, and 
 reigns over the East. 
 
 Gallienus killed .at Milan, Mar. 20. — Elevation of 
 Claudius II. 
 
 Battle near Naissus in Dardania, the Goths de- 
 feated by Claudius. 
 
 Death of Claudius. — The Gothic army on the 
 Danube surrenders to Aurelian. 
 
 Defeat of Tetricus near Chalons. 
 
 Zenobia defeated and captured by Aurelian.- 
 Ninth Persecution of the Christians. 
 
 Triumph of Aurelian. — Birth of Constantine the 
 Great. 
 
 Assassination of Aurelian on his march between 
 Byzantium and Heraclea. 
 
 The election of Tacitus by the senate, acknowledg- 
 ed by the army. — Defeat of Florian by Probus. 
 
 Probus delivers Gaul from the invasion of the 
 Germans. 
 
 Revolt of Saturninus in the East. 
 Revolt of Bonosus and Proculus in Gaul. 
 
 Assassination of Probus by his army.— The Ba- 
 gandae of Gaul subdued by Maximian. 
 
 Embassy of Ardishter to the camp of Carus.— 
 Death of Carus, Dec. 25. 
 
 Transient reign of Carinus and Numerian. — Elec- 
 tion of Diocletian, Sept. 17. 
 
 Defeat and death of Carinus. 
 
 Diocletian associates Maximian as his colleague 
 
 in the government, Apr. 1. 
 Revolt of Carausius in Britain, and his seizure of 
 
 the fleet at Boulogne. 
 
 Carausius is acknowledged by the other emperors. 
 
 Constantius Chlorus and Galerius Maximianus 
 made Caesars. — Boulogne retaken. 
 
 Carausius murdered by his minister Allectus. 
 
 Recovery of Britain by Constantius. — Defeat of 
 
 Galerius on the Euphrates. 
 Narses King of Persia defeated by Galerius in 
 
 Armenia. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 WA R R I O R S 
 
 Balista, minister to Gallie- 
 nus 
 
 Cyriades, the first of the 
 thirty tyrants, ob. 259 
 
 Posthumius, tyrant of Gaul, 
 ob. 267 
 
 Regillianus, tyrant of Pan- 
 
 nonia, ob. 262 
 
 Saturninus, tyrant of Egypt, 
 
 ob. 262 
 Odenatus, King of Palmyra, 
 
 ob. 267 
 
 Aureolus, tyrant of Illyria, 
 ob. 268 
 Cleodamus, Roman general 
 
 Athenaaus, Roman general 
 
 Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra 
 
 Quintillus, minister to Clau- 
 dius, ob. 270 
 
 Tetricus, tyrant in Gaul 
 Mnesthius, the Notary 
 
 Arius Aprius, ob. 284 
 
 Carausius, tyrant of Britain, 
 ob. 293 
 
 Achileus, tyrant of Egypt, 
 ob. 296 
 
 Armentarius, Caesar 
 
 Allectus, tyrant of Britain, 
 ob. 296 
 
 Asclepiodotus, minister to 
 Diocletian 
 
A.D. 301—350 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AND 
 
 N< 
 
 i 
 
 •a 
 
 a 
 3 
 
 S 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 5014 
 
 301 
 
 5015 
 
 302 
 
 5016 
 
 303 
 
 5017 
 
 304 
 
 5018 
 
 305 
 
 5019 
 
 306 
 
 5020 
 
 307 
 
 5021 
 
 308 
 
 5022 
 
 309 
 
 5023 
 
 310 
 
 5024 
 
 311 
 
 5025 
 
 312 
 
 5026 
 
 313 
 
 5027 
 
 314 
 
 5028 
 
 315 
 
 5029 
 
 316 
 
 5030 
 
 317 
 
 5031 
 
 318 
 
 5032 
 
 319 
 
 5033 
 
 320 
 
 5034 
 
 321 
 
 5035 
 
 322 
 
 5036 
 
 323 
 
 5037 
 
 324 
 
 5038 
 
 325 
 
 5039 
 
 326 
 
 5040 
 
 327 
 
 5041 
 
 328 
 
 5042 
 
 329 
 
 5043 
 
 330 
 
 5044 
 
 331 
 
 5045 
 
 332 
 
 5046 
 
 333 
 
 5047 
 
 334 
 
 5048 
 
 335 
 
 5049 
 
 336 
 
 5050 
 
 337 
 
 5051 
 
 338 
 
 5052 
 
 339 
 
 5053 
 
 340 
 
 5054 
 
 341 
 
 5055 
 
 342 
 
 5056 
 
 343 
 
 5057 
 
 344 
 
 5058 
 
 345 
 
 5059 
 
 346 
 
 5060 
 
 347 
 
 5061 
 
 348 
 
 5062 
 
 349 
 
 5063 
 
 350 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 6 Marcelli- 
 
 nus 
 
 7 
 
 ■ Vacant 
 
 1 Marcellus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Melchiades 
 
 1 Silvester I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Marcus 
 1 Julius I. 
 
 Sassanidas 
 
 of 
 
 Persia 
 
 9 Narses 
 10 
 
 1 Hoormuz 
 II. 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Shahpoor 
 II. 
 
 Emperors of Rome 
 
 The Colleagues 
 
 18 Diocleti- 
 
 an 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 [tius 
 1 Constan- 
 tine 
 
 1 Constan- 
 Severus ] 
 
 2 Licini- 1 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 hj 
 
 29 | 
 
 30 | 
 
 31 I 
 ICon-l 
 
 stan. 
 
 2 tius 2 
 
 II. 
 
 3 3 
 
 9 — 9 
 
 10 10 
 
 11 11 
 
 12 12 
 
 13 13 
 
 14 
 
 16 Maxim- 
 
 ian 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 Gale- 1 
 rius 
 
 1 Maxi- 2 
 mian 
 
 2 again 
 
 1 Maxen. 
 
 tius 
 
 2 
 
 3 Maxi- 1 
 
 min 
 
 4 -2 
 
 Lactantius, 
 
 Flavius Vopiscus, hist. 
 
 Alius of Alexandria, 
 
 ob. 336 
 St. Athanasius, ob. 373 
 
 Eusebius Pamphilus, 
 
 ob. cir. 340 
 
 Taliessin the Welsh bard 
 fl. 320— 350 
 
 St. Hilary, ob. set. 80, 367 
 
 Jamblicus the Pythago- 
 rean, ob. circ. 363 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 Triumph of Diocletian and Maximian. — The tenth 
 persecution against the Christians. 
 
 Abdication of the two Augusti, May I. — Constan- 
 tius succeeds with Galerius Maximianus. 
 
 Constantine elected by the army, July 25. — Compe- 
 tition of Severus. — Usurpation of Maxentius. 
 
 Licinius declared Augustus by Galerius without 
 the intermediate rank of Caesar, Nov. 11. 
 
 Maximin exacts the equal title of Augustus, which 
 is also conceded to Constantine. 
 
 Six emperors at one time — Galerius, Constantine, 
 Licinius, Maximin, Maxentius, and Maximian. 
 
 Maximian strangled at Marseilles by order of Con- 
 stantine, Feb. 
 
 Death of Galerius, May. 
 
 Constantine gains three victories over Maxentius 
 
 at Turin, Verona, and at Rome, Oct. 28. 
 Edict of Milan in favour of the Christians, Mar. — 
 
 Death of Maximin and of Diocletian. 
 Battles of Cibalis and Mardia. — Defeat of Licinius 
 
 by Constantine. 
 Constantine wrests Illyrium from Licinius. — Peace 
 
 ensues. — Schism of the DonatUts. 
 
 The observance of Sunday 'dies solis ' enjoined by 
 
 the edict of Constantine. 
 The Gothic war. 
 
 Licinius defeated by Constantine before Adrian- 
 ople, July 3. 
 
 General Edict of Toleration. — Foundation of Con- 
 stantinople. — Death of Licinius, May 16. 
 
 FIRST General Council, of Nice, June 19— Aug. 25. 
 
 The Caesars, Crispus and Licinius, put to death by 
 Constantine at Pola, July. 
 
 Seat of the Empire removed from Rome to Con- 
 stantinople. 
 
 The Gothic war. — Araric passes the Danube. — 
 Constantine destroys the Heathen temples. 
 
 The Goths repulsed by the younger Constantius in 
 Maesia, April 20. 
 
 Defeat of Wisumer King of the Vandals, and ex- 
 pulsion of the Sarmatians. 
 Peace and prosperity of Constantine. 
 
 Baptism and death of Constantine the Great, May 
 
 22. — Division of the Empire, Sept. 1L 
 First siege of Nisibis by Shahpoor. 
 
 The Persian war, 337—360. 
 
 Constantine II. betrayed by Magnentius into an 
 ambuscade and killed, Mar. 
 
 Increase and influence of the monastic life at 
 
 Rome. 
 Death of Tiridates, King of Armenia. — His brilliant 
 
 reign, 297—342. 
 Inroad of the Scots and Picts into Britain, 343—366. 
 
 Shapoor persecutes the Christians in Persia. 
 
 Second siege of Nisibis. 
 
 Battle of Singara, Constantius defeated by Shah, 
 poor King of Persia. 
 
 Murder of Constans by Magnentius, Feb. 27.- 
 Third siege of Nisibis raised by Shahpoor. 
 
 STATESME 
 
 AND 
 W A R R I O I 
 
 Hierocles, governor* 
 andria 
 
 Severus, Cassar und 
 stantius Chlorus, 
 
 Valens, the Cassar, 
 
 Crispus, son of Cons 
 
 Anabalianus, 
 
 Dalmatius, Caesar, 
 
 Gregory, minister t 
 stantine, 
 
 Hermogenes, Romai 
 ral 
 
 Philagrius, 
 Egypt 
 
 Titianus, prefect of ( 
 
 Magnentius the tyrai 
 
A. D. 351—400 
 
 HISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 28 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 Q 
 
 Emperors 
 
 Sassanidaj 
 
 Bishops 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 o 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 AND 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 351 
 352 
 
 Rome 
 
 Persia 
 
 Rome 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 15 Constan- 
 tius II. 
 16 
 
 42 Shahpoor 
 
 11. 
 
 43 
 
 15 Julius 
 1 Liberius 
 
 Cyril of Jerusalem, 
 
 ob. aet. 71, 386 
 
 353 
 
 17 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 JElius Donatus, gram. 
 
 354 
 
 18 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 
 355 
 
 19 
 
 46 
 
 4 
 
 
 356 
 
 20 
 
 47 
 
 5 
 
 Eutropius 
 
 357 
 
 21 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 
 358 
 
 22 
 
 49 
 
 7 
 
 Libanius, soph. cir. 314 — 390 
 
 359 
 
 23 ■ 
 
 E 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 
 360 
 
 361 
 362 
 363 
 
 24 | 
 
 51 
 
 9 
 
 Ammianus Marcellinus, 
 
 ob. cir. 380 
 
 1 Julian £ 
 
 the £ 
 
 2 Apos- 8 
 
 tate j£ 
 1 Jovian 
 
 1 Valens 
 Valenti- 1 
 
 2 nian 2 
 
 I. 
 
 3 3 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Gregory Nazianzen, ob. 389 
 
 Themistius Euphrades, 
 
 ob. cir. 410 
 Aurelius Victor 
 
 364 
 365 
 
 35 
 
 56 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 366 
 
 57 
 
 1 Damasus 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 
 367 
 
 368 
 
 4 Gratian 4 
 
 aCol- 
 
 5 league 5 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 
 369 
 
 6 6 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 St. Martin of Tours 
 
 370 
 
 7 ■ 7 
 
 61 
 
 5 
 
 St. Basil, 329—379 
 
 371 
 
 372 
 
 8 8 
 
 9 9 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 6 
 
 Ephraim Syrus, 
 
 ob. a?t. 79, cir. 378 
 Eunapius of Sardis, hist. 
 
 373 
 374 
 375 
 376 
 377 
 
 10 10 
 
 11 11 
 
 12 Gratian 1 
 
 and Va- 
 
 13 lentini-2 
 
 an II. 
 
 14 3 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Gregory, Bp. of Nyssa, 
 
 ob. cir. 396 
 Ambrose, Bp. of Milan, 
 
 340—397 
 
 378 
 
 4 
 
 69 
 
 13 
 
 
 379 
 380 
 
 ITheodo- 5 
 
 sius the 
 2 Great 6 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 Ausonius, ob. cir. 394 
 
 381 
 
 382 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 1 Ardisheer 
 II. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 Macedonius the Arian 
 
 383 
 384 
 
 5 Valenti- 1 
 
 nian II. 
 
 6 alone 2 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 1 Siricius 
 
 Pappus of Alexandria, math. 
 
 385 
 
 7 3 
 
 1 Shahpoor 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 Theon of Alexandria, astron. 
 
 386 
 
 8 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 387 
 
 9 5 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 St. Jerome, 331—422 
 
 388 
 
 10 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 389 
 390 
 
 11 7 
 
 12 8 
 
 5 
 
 1 Bah a ram 
 IV. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Ammonius of Alexandria, 
 living cir. 389 
 
 391 
 392 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 3 — 1 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 Epiphanius of Sal amis, 
 
 cir. 320—403 
 Prudentius 
 
 393 
 394 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 4_| 
 5 o 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 St. Augustine, 354—430 
 
 395 
 396 
 
 1 Arcadius 
 Honori- 1 
 
 2 us 2 
 
 e — z 
 
 7 eo 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Evagrius Ponticus, eccles. 
 
 hist. 
 St. Chrysostom, 347—407 
 
 397 
 
 3 3 
 
 8 * 
 
 14 
 
 Claudian 
 
 398 
 399 
 
 4 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 9 Alaric 1 
 
 I. 
 10 2 
 
 1 Anastati- 
 us I. 
 
 Hcliodorus 
 
 400 
 
 6 6 
 
 11- 3 
 
 3 
 
 St. Alban, protomartyr of 
 England, ob. 305 
 
 ROMAN EMPIRE 
 
 Battle of Mursa, Magnentius defeated by Con- 
 stantius, Sept. 28.— Gallus declared Cassar, Mar.5. 
 Conquest of Italy by Constantius. 
 
 Battle of Mount Seleucus, defeat and death of 
 Magnentius, Aug. 10. — Council of Aries. 
 
 Massacre of the Imperial Ministers. — Death of 
 Gallus by his cousin Constantius, Dec. 
 
 Julian declared Caesar, Nov. 6. — Is sent to the 
 West by Constantius. — Council of Milan. 
 
 Julian's first campaign in Gaul. 
 
 Julian's second campaign. — He defeats the AUe- 
 
 manni, under Chonodamar, at Strasburg. 
 Julian subdues the Franks. — Histhreeexpeditions 
 
 beyond the Rhine, 357, 358, 359. 
 Invasion of Mesopotamia by Shahpoor. — Siege and 
 
 capture of Amida by Shahpoor. 
 Singara and Bezabde taken by Shahpoor. — Council 
 
 of Rimini. 
 
 Julian's fourth and fifth expeditions beyond the 
 Rhine, 360, 361. — He is acknowledged Emperor. 
 Julian resolves on the conquest of Persia. 
 
 March of Julian to the Euphrates, Mar. 5. — Inva- 
 sion of Assyria, May. — Death of Julian, June 26. 
 
 Division of the Eastern and Western Empires, 
 June. — Religious toleration in the West. 
 
 Revolt of Procopius, Sept. 28. — The Allemanni 
 invade Gaul.— The Persian war, 365—378. 
 
 Persecution of the Catholics in the East. — The 
 Gothic war under Athanaric, 366 — 369. 
 
 Restoration of Britain by Theodosius, 367—370. — 
 Gratian made a colleague with Valentinian I. 
 
 Valentinian passes the Rhine. — The Saxons attack 
 Britain, and are repulsed by Theodosius. 
 
 Valentinian restrains the avarice of the clergy. 
 
 The Burgundians established on the Elbe. — The 
 
 Saxons settle in maritime Gaul. 
 Revolt of Firmus the Moor in Africa. 
 
 Africa recovered by the elder Theodosius. — Death 
 
 of St. Athanasius, May 2. 
 War of the Quadi and the Sarmatians. 
 
 Victories of the Huns over the Goths. — Valen- 
 tinian II. becomes a colleague with Gratian. 
 
 The Goths implore the protection of Valens, and 
 are transported over the Danube into the empire. 
 
 Union of the Goths with the Huns, Alains, &c. 
 
 The Allemanni defeated by Gratian near Colmar. — 
 Battle of Hadrianople and death of Valens. 
 
 The Goths ravage the Roman provinces. — Theo- 
 dosius leaves his farm for the throne, Jan. 19. 
 
 Baptism of Theodosius the Great, Feb. 28. — Fall 
 of Arianism in Constantinople. 
 
 Death of Athanaric at Constantinople. — Ilnd 
 General Council, of Constantinople, May. 
 
 The submission of the Goths effected by Theodo- 
 sius, Oct. 30. 
 
 Revolt of Maximus in Britain. — Flight and as- 
 sassination of Gratian by Andragathius,Aug.25. 
 
 Treaty of Peace with Persia.— Luxury and am- 
 bition of Damasus, Bishop of Rome, 366 — 384. 
 
 Execution of Priscillian. — Military command of 
 Stilicho, 3a5— 407. 
 
 The Ostrogoths repulsed on the Danube, Oct. — 
 Revolt of Gildo the Moor in Africa, 386—398. 
 
 Maximus invades Italy, Aug. — Flight of Valen- 
 tinian II. — Sedition of Antioch, Feb. 26. 
 
 Defeat and death of Maximus on the Save by Theo- 
 dosius. — Conversion of Rome from Paganism. 
 
 St. Martin, of T; our3 , destroys the idols in his 
 diocese.— Destruction of the Temple of Serapis. 
 
 Massacre at Thessalonica. — Penance imposed upon 
 Theodosius by St. Ambrose at Milan. 
 
 Valentinian II. assassinated by Arbogastcs, May 15. 
 Usurpation of Eugenius. 
 
 Defeat and death of Eugenius and Arbogastes by 
 
 Theodosius, Sept. 6. 
 Settlement of the Goths in Asia and Thrace, 
 
 383— 395.— Death of Theodosius at Milan, Jan. 1 7. 
 Discord between the empires of the West and the 
 
 East. — Alaric marches into Greece, Athens 
 
 capitulates. 
 Alaric attacked by Stilicho, escapes to Epirus. 
 The African war.— Defeat and death of Gildo.— 
 
 Alaric proclaimed King of the Visigoths. 
 Rebellion of Tribigild and fall of Eutropius. 
 
 Alaric invades Italy, 400— 403.— Conspiracy and 
 fall of Gainas. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Gallus, minister to Constan- 
 tius, ob. 354 
 
 Musonianus, minister to 
 Constantius 
 
 Syrianus, general in Egypt 
 
 Chonodomar, Prince of the 
 Allemanni 
 
 Sallust, minister to Julian 
 
 Procopius the Tyrant, 
 
 ob. 366 
 Modestus, minister to Valens 
 
 Anicius Probus, minister to 
 Valentinian 
 
 Severus, Roman general 
 
 Para, king of Armenia, 
 
 ob. 373 
 Theodosius the Elder, Ro- 
 man general, ob. 376 
 
 Fritigernes, general of the 
 
 Goths 
 Athanaris, general of the 
 
 Goths 
 
 Auxonius,proconsul of Asia 
 
 Andragathius, general to 
 Maximus, ob. 3S8 
 
 Cynegius, minister to Theo- 
 dosius, ob. 388 
 
 Symmachus, governor of 
 Rome 
 
 Arbogastes, minister to Va- 
 lentinian, ob. 394 
 
 Eugenius, tyrant of the 
 Western Empire 
 
 Rufffnus, minister to Hono- 
 rius, ob. 395 
 
 Gildo, governor of Africa, 
 ob. 398 
 
 Stilicho, general to Hono- 
 rius, ob. 408 
 
 Gainas, tyrant of Asia, 
 
 ob. 400 
 Favritta, the Goth 
 
A.D. 401—450 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A: 
 
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 .2 
 
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 § 
 
 Q 
 
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 5160 
 
 447 
 
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 448 
 
 5162 
 
 449 
 
 5163 
 
 450 
 
 Emperors 
 of 
 
 The East 
 
 7 Arcadius 
 
 1 Theodosius 
 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 1 Marcian 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The West 
 
 7 Honorius 
 
 27 
 
 1 Valentini- 
 
 anUL 
 
 2 
 
 IRRUPTJON OF THE GOTHS 
 
 4 Alaric— Visigoths 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Athaul- 
 
 fus in 
 
 2 Spain 
 
 1 Sigeric 
 Wallia 
 
 2 at 
 Thou- 
 
 3 louse 
 with part 
 
 4 of Spain 
 
 1 Theodo- 
 
 ric L 
 
 2 
 
 Vandals in Spain 
 IGunderic 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 Genseric 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 in Africa 
 
 12 
 
 Suevi in Spain 
 
 1 Hermen- 
 ric 
 
 1 Rechila 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Rechia- 
 rius 
 
 Burgundians in Alsace 
 IGundicar 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 IGunderic 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Franks on the 
 Lower Rhine 
 
 — Clodion 
 
 1 Merove- 
 us(?) 
 
 2 
 
 The Huns 
 
 1 Attila 
 
 and 
 2Bleda 
 
 11 Attila 
 alone 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 , 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 SOUTH BRITAIN 
 
 Vortigern 
 is referred 
 to this time, 
 but the date 
 is uncertain 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 29 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Sulpicius Severus of Aquitania, 
 ecclesiast. historian, ob. 420 
 
 Anianus of Alexandria, chrono- 
 loger 
 
 Macrobius, ob. cir. 415 
 
 Panodorus of Alexandria, chro. 
 
 nologer 
 John Stobceus, Greek writer 
 
 Pelagius, 
 
 ob. cir. 430 
 
 Hypatia, daughter to Theon, 
 
 ob. 415 
 Paulinus, Bp. of Nola, 353—431 
 
 Servius, commentator on Virgil 
 
 Synesius, Bp. of Ptolemais 
 Cyril, Bp. of Alexandria, ob. 444 
 
 Paulus Orosius, historian, ' Hor. 
 mesta,' translated into Anglo- 
 Saxon by King Alfred 
 
 Socrates the Scholastic, ' Hist. 
 Ecclesiast.* 309—440, ob. — 
 
 Zosimus, historian 
 
 Nestorius, Patriarch of Constan- 
 tinople 
 
 Theodoret, Bp. of Cyrus, 
 
 ob. cir. 460 
 
 Sozomen of Salamis, ecclesias. his- 
 torian, ob. 450 
 
 Proclus of Lycea, Platonic phi- 
 losopher, 410 — 485 
 
 Olympiodorus of Alexandria, phi- 
 losoph. 
 
 Eutyches of Constantinople 
 
 DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE 
 
 Alaric King of the Visigoths overruns Europe. 
 
 Alaric enters Italy by the FriouL 
 
 Battle of Pollentia, Mar. 29.— Alaric defeated by Stilicho.— Bold retreat of 
 
 Alaric. 
 Joint triumph of Stilicho and Honorius at Rome. — Honorius retires to Ravenna. 
 
 Emigration of the Northern Germans. 
 
 Radagaisus defeated by Stilicho in the heights of Fiesole. — The passage of the 
 
 Rhine by the Vandals under Godesil and Gunderic, Dec. 31. 
 Revolt in Britain. — Constantine, a private soldier, acknowledged Emperor in 
 
 Britain and Gaul. 
 Arcadius dies, May 1, set 31. — Stilicho beheaded by Heraclian at the instance 
 
 of Honorius, Aug. 23. — First siege of Rome by Alaric, Oct. 
 Second siege of Rome. — The Pyrenees forced by the Suevi under Hermenric, 
 
 Oct. 13. 
 Third siege and sack of Rome, Aug. 24. — Alaric evacuates Rome, Aug. 29. — 
 
 Death of Alaric. 
 
 Death of the usurper, Constantine, Nov. 28. 
 
 Athaulfus makes peace with the Romans, and marches into GauL 
 
 Kingdom of the Burgundians begins, under Gundicar. — Revolt and defeat of 
 
 Count Heraclian in Africa. 
 Marriage of Athaulfus with Placidia, sister of Honorius. 
 
 Athaulfus assassinated at Barcelona, Aug. — The Goths conquer and restore 
 Spain, 415—418. 
 
 The Visigoths expel the Alans, and extend their dominion in Spai 
 
 Assembly of the Seven Provinces in Gaul. 
 
 Establishment of the Goths in Aquitaine. 
 
 The Pagan religion finally extinguished about this time. 
 
 Persecution of the Christians in Persia. 
 The Persian war.— The Huns ravage Thrace. 
 
 Honorius dies, Aug. 15. at. 39. — Elevation and fall of the usurper, Primcerius 
 John, 423—425. 
 
 Theodosius establishes public schools in Constantinople.— Reign of Valen- 
 tinian III. 
 
 The Roman legions finally leave Britain. 
 
 Count Boniface invites the Vandals over to Africa. 
 
 Genseric King of the Vandals lands in Africa, May. — Boniface retires to 
 
 Carthage, Oct. 9. 
 Siege of Hippo, May.— Death of St. Augustine Bp. of Hippo, Aug. 28. — The 
 
 Huns invade Persia, 430 — 440. 
 
 Rhoila*, general of the Nomad 
 
 Scythians, ob. 425 
 
 John the Notary, ob. 425 
 
 Defeat of Count Boniface by the Vandals. — Illrd General Council of Ephesus, 
 
 June 22— July 31. 
 Death of Count Boniface in single conflict with ^tius. 
 
 The Huns in modern Hungary, 376 — 433. — Attila, son of Mundzunk, succeeds 
 
 Rugulas, with Bleda, his brother. 
 Administration of the patrician JEtius, 433 — 454. 
 
 The Goths besiege Narbonne.— Belgium invaded by the Burgundians, 435 — 439. 
 
 Genseric, attached to the Arian heresy, deprives the catholic bishops of their 
 
 sees. 
 The Theodosian Code published, Jan. 15 
 
 Carthage surrenders to Genseric, Oct. 19, and the kingdom of the Vandals in 
 
 Africa begins. 
 Littorius defeated and taken prisoner by Theodoric. 
 
 The Huns attack the Eastern Empire, and ravage Europe on to Constantinople. 
 
 Valentinian makes peace with Genseric, and cedes several barrier towns in 
 Africa. 
 
 Murder of Bleda.— Attila becomes sole King of the Huns. 
 
 Treaty between Attila and the Eastern Empire.— The Britons complain to 
 JEtius of the ravages of the Scots and Picts. 
 
 Embassy of Maximm to Attila. — Meroveus begins to reign according to the 
 
 French chronology. 
 Descent of the Saxons in Britain. 
 
 Death of Theodosius II., July 28, set. 49.— Attila ravages all Germany and 
 France. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Radagaisus, Gothic general, 
 
 ob. 405 
 
 Herachanus, Tyrant of Africa, 
 ob. 413 
 
 Constantine, Tyrant of Gaul, 
 
 ob. 41 1 
 Antiochus the Persian, tutor to 
 Theodosius 
 
 Empress Pulcheria, ob. 452 
 
 Constantius, minister to Honori- 
 us, ob. 420 
 
 Castinus, general to Honorius 
 
 ^ 
 
 Empress Placidia, 
 
 Count Boniface, Roman general 
 in Africa, ob. 423 
 
 Ardaburus, general against the 
 Persians, ob. 471 
 
 iEtius, general to Valentinian, 
 
 ob. 454 
 
 Aspar, Roman general, ob. 471 
 
 Littorius, Roman general, ob. 439 
 
 Paulinus, minister to Theodosius, 
 ob. 440 
 
 Anatolius, Roman general 
 
 Vitus, Roman general, ob. 445 
 
 Constantine, minister to Theodo- 
 sius 
 
 Chrysaphius, minister to Theodo- 
 sius 
 
A.D. 451— 500 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5164 
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 = 
 
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 481 
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 484 
 485 
 486 
 487 
 488 
 489 
 490 
 
 491 
 492 
 493 
 494 
 495 
 496 
 497 
 498 
 499 
 500 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 2 Marcian 
 
 3 
 
 1 Leo I. the 
 Thracian 
 
 2 
 
 1 Leo II. 
 
 1 Zeno 
 
 2 
 
 1 Anastatius 
 
 L the 
 
 2 Silentiary 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The West 
 
 27 Valentini- 
 an III. 
 
 1 Maximus 
 
 1 Avitus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Majorian 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Severus 
 
 2 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Anthemius 
 
 2 
 
 1 Olybrius 
 1 Glycerius 
 
 1 Julius 
 
 Nepos 
 1 Romulus 
 
 Augustulus 
 
 1 Odoacer 
 King of 
 
 2 the Heruli 
 
 1 Theodoric 
 King of the 
 
 2 Ostrogoths 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Vandals 
 
 23 Genseric 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Visigoths 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 1 Hunde- 
 
 ric 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Gunda- 
 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 lThoris- 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Thoris- 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 1 Theodo- 
 
 ric II. 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 Euric 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Alaric 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 of the 
 Suevi 
 
 4 Rechia- 
 
 rius 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Maldras 
 
 1 Fruma- 
 rius 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Remis- 
 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 The succes. 
 
 sion of 
 
 Kings of 
 
 the Suevi 
 
 unknown 
 until 550 
 
 Kings 
 of the 
 Franks 
 
 4 Merove- 
 us 
 
 7 
 
 IChilderic 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Clovis I. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Burgunds. 
 
 16Gunderic 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 1 Chilperic 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Gonde- 
 
 baud 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 The Huns 
 
 19 AttUa 
 
 20 
 
 1 Hermis- 
 das aim 
 
 2 Dengizic 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 The empire 
 of the Huns 
 dismember- 
 ed and 
 
 ended 
 
 KINGS IN 
 S. BRITAIN 
 Kent Sussex 
 
 1 Hengist 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 lEsca 
 
 Ella lands 
 in Sussex 
 
 lElla 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 Cerdic 
 
 lands 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°30 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 FALL OF THE EMPIRE 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Leo I. the 
 Great 
 
 Prosper of Aquitaine, chronol. 
 
 ob. 466 
 
 Gennadius of Constantinople, 
 
 ob. 471 
 
 Attila invades Gaul, and besieges Orleans. — Battle of Chalons. — Retreat of 
 
 Attila.— IVth General Council, of Chalcedon, Oct. 8—25. 
 Invasion of Italy by Attila. — First establishment of Venice. — Attila gives 
 
 peace to the Romans. 
 Death of Attila in Dacia. — Division of his Empire. 
 
 The patrician iEtius murdered by Valentinian. — The Vandals become masters 
 
 of Sicily. 
 Death of Valentinian III. Mar. 16, a?t. 35. — Murder of Maximus, June 12. — 
 
 Rome sacked by the Vandals, June 15 — 29. 
 Expedition of Theodoric into Spain. — Rechiarius defeated by Theodoric on the 
 
 Ebro, Oct. 6. 
 Genseric destroys the fleet of Majorian at Carthagena. — Hengist gains the 
 
 battle of Crayford, and is fully established in the kingdom of Kent 
 
 Empress Eudoxia, ob. 472 
 Fronto, minister to Avitus 
 
 Beorgor, King of the Alans, 
 
 ob. 464 
 
 Egidius, Roman governor of 
 Soissons 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hilary 
 
 Moses Chorenensis, historian and 
 
 geographer 
 Victorius of Aquitaine 
 
 Sidonius Appolinaris, Bishop of 
 Clermont, ob. art. 52, 487 
 
 Ricimer reigns, de facto, in the name of Libius Severus. — Revolt of Marcellinus 
 
 in Dalmatia. 
 Negotiations with the Eastern Empire. — Conquest of the Visigoths in Spain 
 
 and Gaul, 462—472. 
 
 Count Marcellinus expels the Vandals from Sicily. 
 
 The Emperor Severus poisoned by Ricimer. 
 
 Euric defeated in Gaul by Ecdicius, the Roman General 
 
 The Emperor Leo defeats the Vandals. — Genseric sues for peace, and obtains it 
 
 Expedition against the Vandals under Basilicus defeated by Genseric. 
 
 Extinction of the Empire of the Huns. 
 
 Ricimer, minister to Severus, 
 
 ob. 472 
 
 Uvinomadus, minister to Chil- 
 deric 
 
 Marcellinus, minister to Severus, 
 ob. 468 
 
 Basiliscus, minister to Leo, 
 
 ob. 476 
 Ecdicius, Roman minister in 
 Gaul 
 
 Aspar, Eastern patrician, ob. 471 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 limplicius 
 
 
 
 
 Acacius, Patriarch of Constanti- 
 nople, the patron of Peter the 
 Fuller, ob. 489 
 
 Gennadius of Marseilles, ob. 492 
 Gelasius of Cyzicum 
 
 Peter the Fuller, Bp. of Antioch, 
 ob. 486 
 
 Discord of Anthemius and Ricimer. 
 
 Sack of Rome bythe Goths. — Anthemius massacred, July 11, by Ricimer, who 
 
 dies, Aug. 20. 
 Euric defeats Syagrius, and makes himself master of Tours. 
 
 Death of Leo the Thracian, Jan. 
 
 Hengist massacres the British nobles. 
 
 FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE— Deposition of Romulus Augustulus 
 
 by Odoacer. 
 Death of Genseric, Jan. 24. — Alliance between Euric and Odoacer. 
 
 Euric makes himself master of Marseilles and Aries. 
 Constantinople partly destroyed by an earthquake. 
 
 Orestes, ob. 476 
 Brachilas the Goth, ob. 477 
 
 Siagrius, Roman governor of 
 Soissons, ob. 485 
 
 Illus, minister to Zeno, ob. 488 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Emperor Zeno decrees a union between the parties in the church. 
 
 Euric dies at Aries. — Hunderic persecutes the Christians in Africa. 
 
 Battle of Soissons, Syagrius defeated by Clovis.— His flight to Alaric, who puts 
 him to death. 
 
 Battle of Aquilea, Odoacer's first defeat by Theodoric, Aug. 28.— Battle of 
 
 Verona, his second defeat, Sept. 27. 
 Odoacer's final defeat by Theodoric, Aug. 11. — Battle of Tolbiac, and defeat of 
 
 the Alemanni by Clovis. 
 
 Struggle for the ascendant between Longinus and Anastatius, which ends in 
 
 favour of the latter. 
 Longinus rebels against Anastatius. 
 
 Surrender and assassination of Odoacer at Ravenna, March 9. 
 
 Gelasius, Bishop of Rome, asserts his authority as sovereign pontiff. 
 
 Battle of Tolbiac, defeat and submission of the Alemanni to Clovis. — Conver- 
 sion and baptism of Clovis. 
 
 The Burgundian war. 
 
 Defeat of Gondebaud by Clovis between Langres and Dijon. — Theodoric visits 
 and restores the magnificence of Rome. 
 
 Leontius, Tyrant in the East, 
 
 ob. 488 
 
 Basilius, Prartorian prefect 
 Longinus, minister to Zeno 
 
 
 Felix II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Malchus of Byzantium 
 Timotheus Gaza?us 
 
 Fulgentius, ob. 529 
 St. Asaph, bishop 
 
 Empress Ariadne, ob. 515 
 
 Pelagius, Eastern patrician, 
 
 ob. 409 
 
 Gelasius 
 I. 
 
 
 Anastatius 
 II. 
 
 Symmachus 
 
 
 

A.D. 501—550 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
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 Emperors 
 
 of 
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 11 Anastatius 
 
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 15 
 
 16 
 
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 20 
 
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 the 
 
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 11 8 
 
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 19 16 
 
 20 17 
 
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 23 20 
 
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 30 27 
 
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 KINGS IN FRANCE 
 
 18 Alaric IL 
 
 19 
 
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 21 
 
 22 
 
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 1 Almalric 
 
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 3 King of 
 the Goths 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 Amalric 
 
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 22 
 
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 Kings 
 
 SAXON KINGS IN ENGLAND 
 
 of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eurgunds. 
 
 Kent Suss. Wess. Essex Northumb. 
 
 11 Gonde- 
 
 baud 
 
 12 
 
 14 Esca 
 
 Ella 12 
 
 15 — 13 
 
 
 
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 24 
 
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 25 
 
 4 — 2 
 
 | 
 3 
 
 
 1 Sigis- 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 — 3 
 
 6 — 4 
 
 7 — 5 
 
 o 
 
 ■ 
 c 
 
 M 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 — 6 
 
 1 Cerdic 
 
 
 5 
 
 9 — 7 
 
 2 
 
 
 6 
 
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 3 
 
 
 7 
 
 11 — 9 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 Gonde- 
 
 12' — 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 mar 
 2 
 
 13 — 11 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 14 — 12 
 
 7 
 
 
 4 
 
 15 — 13 
 
 8 — * 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 16 — 14 
 
 17 — 15 
 
 18 — 16 
 
 9 — 2 
 
 o 
 
 10 — a 
 
 B 
 
 11 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 19 — 17 
 
 12 Erch- 1 
 enwin 
 
 
 9 
 
 20 — 18 
 
 13 — 2 
 
 
 Conquered 
 
 by 
 
 Childebert 
 
 and 
 
 Clotaire 
 
 21 — 19 
 
 14 — 3 
 
 
 22 — 20 
 
 23 — 21 
 
 15 — 4 
 1 Cynric 5 
 
 
 
 24 — 22 
 
 2 — 6 
 
 
 
 25 — 23 
 
 3 — 7 
 
 
 
 26 — 24 
 
 4 — 8 
 
 
 
 27 — 25 
 
 5 — 9 
 
 
 
 28 — 26 
 
 6 — 10 
 
 
 
 29 — 27 
 
 7 — 11 
 
 ■a 
 S 
 
 
 30 — 28 
 
 8 — 12 
 
 
 
 lEr- 29 
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 2 — 30 
 
 3 — 31 
 
 9 — 13 
 
 10 — 14 
 
 11 — 15 
 
 § 
 
 3 
 
 t; 
 
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 4 — 32 
 
 5 • — 33 
 
 12 — 16 
 
 13 — 17 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 
 6 — 34 
 
 14 — 18 
 
 1 Ida lands 
 
 
 7 — 35 
 
 15 — 19 
 
 in 
 2 Bernicia 
 
 
 8 — 36 
 
 16 — 20 
 
 3 
 
 
 9 — 37 
 
 17 — 21 
 
 4 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 31 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 WARRIORS 
 
 >ymmachus 
 
 Aredius, jurisconsult to Gonde- 
 baiul 
 
 / 
 Anien, chancellor to Alaric 
 
 Alcimus Avitus, Abp. of Vienne, 
 
 ob. 523 
 
 St. Benedict, 480—543 or 7 
 
 Publication of the Burgundian laws, ' la loy Gombette,' by Gondebaud. — The 
 Persian War, 502—505. 
 
 The army of Anastatius destroyed by Kobad. 
 
 Kobad defeated by Celer, which ends the Persian war. 
 
 Alaric II. publishes an abridgment by Anien of the Theodosian Code. 
 
 Battle of Vouille, near Poitiers, Alaric killed by Clovis in single combat. 
 
 Conquest of Aquitaine by the Franks. 
 
 Clovis makes Paris the capital of his dominions. 
 
 Lando, minister to Clovis 
 Celer, general to Anastatius 
 Sabinianus, general to Anastatius 
 Hibba, Gothic general 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cassiodorus, hist, secretary to 
 Theodoric, ob. a;t. 95, 575 
 
 Dionysius Exiguus, reputed au- 
 thor of the Christian era, 
 
 ob. 540 
 
 Clovis dies at Paris, Nov. 5. — His dominions divided between his sons. 
 
 Constantinople besieged by Vitalianus the Goth. 
 
 The Christian era introduced about this time. 
 
 Death of Anastatius, Apr. 11, set 88, and elevation of Justin the Thracian. 
 Battle of Charford, and establishment of Cerdic in Wessex. 
 Vitalianus assassinated by order of Justin. 
 
 Vitalianus, Gothic general, 
 
 ob. 520 
 
 Symmachus, prefect of Rome, 
 
 ob. 526 
 
 Ruffinus, minister to Anastatius 
 
 
 
 [ormiscias 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hesychius of Alexandria, lexico- 
 grapher 
 
 Boethius, ' De Consolatione Phi- 
 losophise,' circ. 470 — 526 
 
 Priscian of Cassarea, grammarian 
 
 Tribonianus, jurisconsult to Jus- 
 tinian, ' Codex Justiniani,' 
 
 ob. 560 
 
 Thorismund king of the Vandals defeated and killed by the Moors. 
 
 Death of Boethius at Calvenzano. — Battle of Voiron, Clodomir defeated and 
 
 killed by Gondemar. 
 Death of Symmachus. 
 
 Remorse and death of Theodoric, Aug. 30. — Earthquake at Antioch, 25,000 
 
 . lives lost. t 
 
 The Emperor Justin succeeded by Justinian I. 
 
 The Justinian Code, Feb. 13—529, Apr. 7, 530.— Amalric marries Clotilda, 
 
 daughter of Clovis. 
 Justinian closes the schools of Athens.— The Justinian Pandects, Dec. 15, 530— 
 
 Dec. 16, 533. 
 Erchenwin founds the kingdom of Essex.— Battle of Llongborth, between 
 
 Cerdic and Arthur. 
 
 Ephrem, minister to Justin, 
 
 ob. 546 
 
 Amalasunta, regent of the Ostro- 
 goths, ob. 534 
 
 John the Cappadocian, minister to 
 Justinian 
 
 
 ohn I. 
 
 
 'elix III. 
 
 
 
 onii'ace 11. 
 
 
 Procopius, secretary to Belisarius, 
 ' History of his own Times,' 
 
 ob. circ. 560 
 
 Count Marcellinus, chronolog. 
 
 The succession of the Gothic kings of Spain becomes elective. 
 
 Conquest of Burgundy by the Franks. — Insurrection of the Nika at Constan- 
 tinople. 
 Reduction of Carthage by Belisarius, Sept 15. 
 
 Final conquest of Africa by Belisarius. — Second publication of the Codex 
 
 Justiniani. — Defeat of Gelimer and theVandals. 
 Amalasunta strangled by order of Theodatus, Apr. 30. — Defeat of the Moors 
 
 by Belisarius. — He subdues Sicily, Dec. 31. 
 Rome surrendered by Vitiges to Belisarius. 
 
 Belisarius invades Italy, and reduces Naples. — Siege of Rome by the Goths, 
 March. 
 
 The Goths raise the siege of Rome, Mar.— Destruction of Milan and Genoa by 
 Vitiges, 538 — 539. — Invasion of Italy by the Franks. 
 
 Ravenna surrendered, and Vitiges taken prisoner by Belisarius, Dec. — Belisa- 
 rius subdues the Gothic kingdom of Italy. 
 
 Revolt of the Goths under Totila. — Noorsherwan invades Syria, and destroys 
 Antioch. — Return of Belisarius. 
 
 Empress Theodora, ob. 548 
 Belisarius, ob. 565 
 
 Modred, usurper in Britain 
 
 Solomon, general to Justinian, 
 
 ob. 541 
 
 
 ohn II. 
 
 Igapetus I. 
 
 ilverius 
 
 r igilius 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jornandes, Gothic historian, ' De 
 Rebus Geticis,' ob. 552 
 
 Paul the Silentiary, secretary to 
 Justinian 
 
 Simplicius of Cilicia, peripatetic 
 philosopher 
 
 Defence of the East by Belisarius. — The Roman Consulship abolished by 
 
 Justinian. 
 Victories of Totila, 541 — 544. — The plague brought from Egypt, and lasts several 
 
 years. 
 Rebellion of the Moors, 543 — 558. — Totila the Goth invades Italy, and siezes 
 
 Tuscany and Naples. 
 Second command of Belisarius in Italy, 544 — 548. 
 
 First appearance of the Turks in Asia. 
 
 Rome besieged, May ; and taken by Totila, Dec. 17. 
 
 Rome recovered by Belisarius, Feb. — Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia. 
 
 Final recal of Belisarius, Sept. 
 
 Siege of Petra by Dagisteus. — Rome again taken by Totila, 549 — 551. — The 
 
 Colchian or Lazic War, 549 — 556. 
 lllyria ravaged by the Sclavonians. 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A.D. 551—600 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5276 
 5277 
 5278 
 5279 
 5280 
 5281 
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 5299 
 5300 
 5301 
 5302 
 5303 
 
 5304 
 5305 
 5306 
 5307 
 5308 
 5309 
 5310 
 5311 
 5312 
 5313 
 
 4 
 
 .2 
 
 V 
 
 Ph 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 n 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 5264 
 
 551 
 
 5265 
 
 552 
 
 5266 
 
 553 
 
 5267 
 
 554 
 
 5268 
 
 555 
 
 5269 
 
 556 
 
 5270 
 
 557 
 
 5271 
 
 558 
 
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 559 
 
 5273 
 
 560 
 
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 561 
 
 5275 
 
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 563 
 564 
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 566 
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 568 
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 570 
 
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 574 
 575 
 576 
 577 
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 580 
 
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 584 
 585 
 586 
 587 
 588 
 589 
 590 
 
 591 
 592 
 593 
 594 
 595 
 596 
 597 
 598 
 599 
 600 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 25 Justinian 
 
 I. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 1 Justin II. 
 
 1 Tiberius 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Maurice 
 
 the 
 
 2 Cappado- 
 
 cian 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Ostrogoths 
 
 Italy. 
 
 UTotila 
 
 1 Teia 
 
 1 Narses D. 
 
 of Italy 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 I " 1 
 
 •2 12 | 
 
 ■ 13 o 
 ° £ 
 
 f 14 o 
 
 .5 2 
 
 s! 15 N 
 
 1 Alboin 
 
 Longi- 1 
 
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 4 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 lCleoph 6 
 
 2 7 
 
 — Interreg. 8 
 
 © 9 
 
 o 
 
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 a 
 i> 
 
 B. 11 
 
 2. 12 
 
 1 13 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 — 15 
 
 16 
 
 lAutharis 
 Sma- 1 
 
 2 rag- 2 
 dus 
 
 3 3 
 
 7 Roma- 1 
 nus 
 
 1 Agi- 
 lulph 
 
 7 Callini- 1 
 
 cus 
 
 8 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 j> Spain k 
 
 2 Agila 
 
 Caria- 2 
 
 3 ric 3 
 
 lAthana-5 
 gild 
 
 2 ■ 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 -8 
 
 5 9 
 
 6Theode-l 
 mir 
 
 7 2 
 
 8 3 
 
 9 4 
 
 10 5 
 
 11 6 
 
 12 7 
 
 13 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 3 Mirva 1 
 
 4 2 
 
 KINGS IN FRANCE 
 
 Metz 
 
 Paris 
 
 1 Liuva 
 
 L 
 
 2 
 
 1 Leovi- 
 
 gild 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 13 
 
 11 Eburicl 
 
 12 Andical 
 
 IRecar- oa 
 
 edl. g 
 
 2 < 
 
 41 Clotaire 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 — 
 
 4 Theode- 
 
 bald 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Succeeded 
 by 
 
 Clotaire 
 
 41 Childe- 
 
 bert 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 i Clotaire sole King of France 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 Paris Orleans Metz Soissons 
 
 IChari. 
 bert 
 
 2 I. 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 lGon- 
 tran 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 - 
 
 6 - 
 
 7 - 
 
 8 - 
 
 9 - 
 10 - 
 
 21 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 24 — 
 
 25 — 
 
 26 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 28 — 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 — 
 
 32 — 
 
 33 — 
 
 lThier- 
 rvll. 
 
 2 2nd 
 son of 
 
 3 Chil- 
 de- 
 
 4 bert 
 
 5 — 
 
 1 Sige- 
 bert 
 
 2 L 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 — 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 1 Chil- 
 
 de- 
 
 2 bert 
 
 II. 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 — 
 
 19 — 
 
 20 — 
 
 21 — 
 
 lTheo- 
 de- 
 
 2 bert 
 
 II. 
 
 3 eldest 
 son 
 
 4 — 
 
 1 Chil- 
 peric 
 
 2 I. 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 - 
 
 9 - 
 10 - 
 
 21 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 1 Clot, 
 aire 
 
 2 II. 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 THE SAXON HEPTARCHY 
 
 Kent Suss. Wess. Essex EAng.Merc. North umb. 
 
 lOErmenric 
 
 Cissa38 
 
 11 — 39 
 
 15 — 43 
 
 16 — 44 
 
 17 — 45 
 
 18 — 46 
 
 1 Ethel- 47 
 bert 
 
 2 — 48 
 
 3 — 49 
 
 4 — 50 
 
 5 — 51 
 
 6 — 52 
 
 7 — 53 
 
 8 — 54 
 
 9 — 55 
 
 10 — 56 
 
 11 — 
 
 18 Cynric 
 Erchen- 22 
 
 19 win 23 
 
 20 — 24 
 
 21 — 25 
 
 22 — 26 
 
 23 — 27 
 
 24 — 28 
 
 25 — 29 
 
 26 — 30 
 
 lCeaw-31 
 lin 
 
 2 — 32 
 
 3 — 33 
 
 4 — 34 
 
 5 — 35 
 
 6 — 36 
 
 7 — 37 
 
 5 Ida 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 .2 9 
 £ 10 .§ 
 
 5 ii 2 
 
 O o 
 
 a 12 a 
 
 c c 
 
 2 13 £ 
 
 1 Adda 
 Ella 1 
 
 — 70 
 
 27 — % 
 
 32 — 
 
 _ 3 
 
 — 42 lUffa 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Titilus 
 
 9 
 
 . 
 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 40 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 IS 
 
 — 
 
 42 
 
 13 
 
 — 
 
 43 
 
 14 
 
 — 
 
 44 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 17 
 
 — 
 
 47 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 22 
 
 — 
 
 52 
 
 u 
 
 — 
 
 53 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 25 
 
 — 
 
 55 
 
 m 
 
 — 
 
 56 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 28 Sledda 1 
 
 29 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 so 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 Ceolric 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 ICeolwulf 
 
 Sabert 1 
 
 2 — 2 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 1 
 
 6 — 5 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 8 2 
 
 9 Crida 1 
 
 10 — 2 
 
 11 — 3 
 
 12 — 4 
 
 13 — 5 
 
 14 — 6 
 
 15 — 7 
 
 16 Interreg. 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 Wibba 1 
 
 21 — 2 
 
 1 Red- 3 
 
 wald 
 
 2 — 4 
 
 2 — 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 1 Clappa 8 
 
 2 — 9 
 
 3 — 10 
 
 4 — 11 
 
 5 — 12 
 
 1 Heod- 13 
 wulf 
 
 IFreod- 14 
 wulf 
 
 2 — 15 
 
 3 — 16 
 
 4 — 17 
 
 5 — 18 
 
 6 — 19 
 
 7 — 20 
 
 lTheod-21 
 ric 
 
 2 — 22 
 
 3 — 23 
 
 4 — 24 
 
 5 — 25 
 
 6 — 26 
 
 7 — 27 
 
 8 — 28 
 
 1 Ethel- 29 
 
 ric 
 
 2 
 
 3 Edwin 1 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 1 Ethel- 
 
 frith 
 
 2 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 32 
 
 Bishops 
 
 of 
 Rome 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Vigilius 
 
 
 The Roman Senate ceases to exist about this time. — Silk introduced into 
 Europe from China. 
 
 Expedition of Narses into Italy. — Defeat and death of Totila, July. — Conquest 
 of Rome by Narses. 
 
 Defeat and death of Teia, near Naples, Mar. — Vth General Council, of Con- 
 stantinople, May 26 — June 2. 
 
 Defeat of the Franks and the Alemanni by Narses. — Settlement of Italy by 
 Narses, 554—568. 
 
 Embassy of the Avars to Justinian. — Death of Childebert. — First example of 
 
 the Salic law. 
 Defeat of Zabergan King of Bulgaria, — the last victory of Belisarius. 
 
 Ella founds the kingdom of Deira. 
 
 Chramnes, son to Clotaire, ob. 560 
 
 
 
 ?elagius I. 
 
 
 
 
 tohn III. 
 
 
 Gildas, ' De Excidio Britannia; ' 
 Agathias, Byzantine historian 
 
 Disgrace of Belisarius. — France again divided on the death of Clotaire. 
 Belisarius restored to his command. 
 Constantinople nearly destroyed by fire. 
 
 Death of Belisarius, Mar. 13, set. 84.— Death of Justinian, Nov. 14, ajt. 83. 
 
 Embassy of the Avars to Justin II. 
 
 Alboin undertakes the conquest of Italy. — Defection and death of Narses. 
 
 Conquest of a great part of Italy by the Lombards, 568 — 570. 
 
 Birth of Mahomet. 
 
 Pride and power of the Chagan of the Avars, 570 — 600.— Conquest of Yemen by 
 Noorsherwan. 
 
 Fredegonde, queen to Chilperic, 
 ob. 577 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gregory of Tours, the father of 
 French history, ' History of the 
 Franks,' 544 — 595 
 
 St. Columbanus of Leinster, Ab- 
 bot of Luxeuil, Latin poet, 
 
 543—615 
 
 The Huns make an irruption in Thuringia, but are repelled by the French 
 
 kings. 
 Noorsherwan's last war with the Romans. 
 
 Alboin King of Lombardy murdered by Rosamond his queen, June 28. 
 
 The Persians invade and plunder Syria. 
 
 The Lombards in Italy are governed for nine years by elective dukes. 
 
 The French kings at war with each other. 
 
 Peace between the kings in France. 
 
 The Emperor Justin IL dies, Oct. 5, and is succeeded by Tiberius II. 
 
 Merovaeus, son to Chilperic, 
 
 ob. 577 
 Brunehaut, queen to Sigebert 
 
 Mummol, general to Gontran 
 Justinian, general to Justin 
 Didier, general to Chilperic 
 
 
 acan 
 enedict I. 
 
 
 
 elagius II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Latin language falls into disuse in Italy about this time. 
 
 The Emperor Tiberius II. dies, Aug. 14, and is succeeded by Maurice of Cap- 
 padocia. 
 
 The regal government restored by the Lombards in Italy. — Fiefs have their 
 
 origin about this time in France. 
 The Suevi conquered by Leovigild, and annexed to Spain. 
 
 Crida founds the kingdom of Mercia. 
 
 The city of Paris destroyed by fire. 
 
 The Persians defeated by the Roman general, Philippicus. 
 
 Exploits of Baharam. — Death of Hormuz. — Flight of Khosrou Purvez to the 
 Romans. 
 
 Landri, minister to Queen Fre- 
 degonde 
 
 Leudigisille, general to Gontran 
 
 Philippicus, general to Maurice, 
 ob. post. 602 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'egory I. 
 le Great 
 
 
 Evagrius Scholasticus of Pontus, 
 ' Ecclesiastical History, 431 — 
 594,' born cir. 536 
 
 Augustine, Abp. of Canterbury, 
 ob. 604 
 
 Restoration of Khosrou King of Persia by the troops of the Emperor Maurice. 
 Battle of Wanborough, Ceawlin King of Wessex defeated by his nephew, 
 Ceolric. — Baptism of Ethelbert King of Kent. 
 
 The Gascons cross the Pyrenees and settle in France. — The Avari expelled from 
 Thrace by the Roman general, Priscus. 
 
 Wars of the Emperor Maurice against the Avars. 595 — 602. — The Lombards 
 besiege Rome, and ravage the Papal territory. 
 
 Christianity introduced into Britain by St. Augustine. 
 
 Commencement of the power of the Maires du Palais of the Merovingian kings 
 of France. 
 
 The Sclavonians and the Avari ravage Italy. 
 
 Arnulph, Lombard general 
 Priscus, general to Maurice 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A.D. 601—650 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5332 
 5333 
 
 5334 
 5335 
 5336 
 5337 
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 5339 
 5340 
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 5342 
 5343 
 
 5344 
 5345 
 5346 
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 5348 
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 5353 
 
 5354 
 5355 
 5356 
 5357 
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 5359 
 5360 
 5361 
 5362 
 5363 
 
 •a 
 _o 
 
 <u 
 
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 S 
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 a 
 
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 5314 
 
 601 
 
 5315 
 
 602 
 
 5316 
 
 603 
 
 5317 
 
 604 
 
 5318 
 
 605 
 
 5319 
 
 606 
 
 5320 
 
 607 
 
 5321 
 
 608 
 
 5322 
 
 609 
 
 5323 
 
 610 
 
 5324 
 
 611 
 
 5325 
 
 612 
 
 5326 
 
 613 
 
 5327 
 
 614 
 
 5328 
 
 615 
 
 5329 
 
 616 
 
 5330 
 
 617 
 
 5331 
 
 618 
 
 619 
 620 
 
 621 
 622 
 623 
 624 
 625 
 626 
 627 
 628 
 629 
 630 
 
 631 
 632 
 633 
 634 
 635 
 636 
 637 
 638 
 639 
 640 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 20 Maurice 
 1 Phocas 
 
 1 Heraclius 
 
 641 
 642 
 643 
 644 
 645 
 646 
 647 
 648 
 649 
 650 
 
 [tine III. 
 
 1 Constan- 
 
 1 Constans 
 
 2 II. 
 
 KINGS IN FRANCE 
 
 Soissons Orleans Metz 
 
 18 CloU 
 
 aire 
 
 19 II. 
 
 6Thier- 1 
 
 7 r -L L 
 
 20 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 21 — 
 
 9 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 24 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 25 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 26 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 28 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 29 — 
 
 17 King c 
 
 6Theo- 
 de- 
 
 7 bert 
 II. 
 
 9 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 
 
 Clotaire sole King of 
 France 
 
 Dagobert 
 I. 
 
 Chari. 1 
 bert II. 
 
 t 9 
 
 Sigebertll. 
 
 Clo\is 1 
 
 ! IL 2 
 
 ARABIA 
 
 1 Mahomed 
 
 1 Abubeker 
 
 First 
 
 2 Caliph 
 
 1 Omar I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 1 Othman 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Lombards 
 
 11 Agilulf 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Adawald 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Ariwald 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Rotharis 
 Duke of 
 
 2 Brescia 
 
 Exarchs 
 
 of 
 Ravenna 
 
 5 Callini- 
 cus 
 
 1 Smarag. 
 
 dus 
 
 2 again 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Uohannes 
 Lemigius 
 2 
 
 lEleuthe- 
 rius 
 
 3 
 
 1 Isaac 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Plato 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Theodo- 
 
 rus I. 
 1 Olympi- 
 
 Visigoths 
 
 in 
 
 Spain 
 
 1 Liuva II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Witeric 
 
 2 ■ ■ 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 IGondemar 
 
 1 Sisebert 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Recared 
 II. 
 
 1 Suintilla 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 Sisenand 
 
 2 
 
 1 Chintilla 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Tulca 
 
 1 Chindas- 
 wind 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 ■ 
 
 10 
 
 THE SAXON HEPTARCHY 
 Kent Suss.Wess. Essex E.Ang. Merc. Bern. Deira 
 
 42 Ethel. 
 
 bert 
 
 43 
 
 5 Ceolwulf 
 
 Sabert 5 
 
 6 — 6 
 
 44 
 
 7 
 
 — 7 
 
 45 
 
 8 
 
 — 8 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 — 9 
 
 47 
 
 10 
 
 — 10 
 
 48 
 
 11 
 
 — 11 
 
 49 
 
 12 
 
 — 12 
 
 50 
 
 13 
 
 — 13 
 
 51 
 
 11 
 
 — 14 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 1 Cyne- 15 
 
 gils 
 
 2 — 16 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 — 17 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 1 Eadbald 
 
 4 Saxred 1 
 
 Sige- 
 
 5 bert 2 
 and 
 
 6 Seward 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 — 4 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 — 5 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 — 6 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 — 7 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 — 8 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 — 9 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 ■ 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 Sige- 1 
 bert 
 the 2 
 Little 
 — 3 
 
 11 
 
 k; 
 
 — 4 
 
 12 ■ 
 
 17 
 
 — 5 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 — 6 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 — 7 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 — 8 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 — 9 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 — 10 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 — 11 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 — 12 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 — 13 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 — 14 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 — 15 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 — 16 
 
 24 ■ 
 
 29 
 
 — 17 
 
 1 Ercen- 
 bert 
 
 so 
 
 — 18 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 — 19 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 — 20 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 ICen. 21 
 
 wal 
 
 2 — 22 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 — 23 
 
 7 
 
 ■i 
 
 — 24 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 — 25 
 
 9 Edil- 1 
 
 wald 
 10 — 2 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 27 
 
 11 — 3 
 
 8 
 
 — 28 
 
 SRedwald 
 
 Wibba5 
 
 4 — 6 
 
 5 — 7 
 
 6 — 8 
 
 7 — 9 
 
 8 — 10 
 
 9 — 11 
 
 10 — 12 
 
 11 — 13 
 
 12 — 14 
 
 13 15 
 
 14 — 16 
 
 15 — 17 
 
 16 — 18 
 
 17 Ceorl 1 
 
 18 — 2 
 
 19 — 3 
 
 20 — 4 
 
 21 — 5 
 
 22 — 6 
 
 23 — 7 
 
 24 — 8 
 
 25 — 9 
 
 1 Erp- 10 
 wald 
 
 2 11 
 
 3 Penda 1 
 
 — 2 
 
 — 3 
 
 1 Sige. 4 
 bert 
 
 2 — 5 
 
 3 — 6 
 
 1 Egric 7 
 
 2 — 8 
 
 3 — 9 
 
 1 Anna 10 
 
 2 — 11 
 
 3 — 12 
 
 4 13 
 
 5 — 14 
 
 6 — 15 
 
 7 — 16 
 
 8 — 17 
 
 9 — 18 
 
 10 — 19 
 
 11 — 20 
 
 12 — 21 
 
 13 — 22 
 
 14 — 23 
 
 15 — 24 
 
 16 — 25 
 
 9 Ethel- 
 frith 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Edwin 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Eanfrid 
 
 Osric 1 
 
 2 Oswald 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 — 17 1 Oswald 
 
 3 Oswin 1 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 3 
 
 6 — 4 
 
 7 — 5 
 
 8 — 6 I 18 - 
 
 9 — 7 19 - 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 33 
 
 POPES 
 
 iabinianus 
 
 Joniface III. 
 Joniface IV. 
 
 ioniface V 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Secundus, hist, of Lombardy, 
 
 b.615 
 
 Isidore Hispalensis, Bp. of Seville, 
 grammarian, ob. 636 
 
 [onorius I. 
 
 'acant 
 
 jvennus 
 shn IV. 
 
 heodorus I. 
 
 fartin I. 
 
 Theophylactus Simocatta, Greek 
 historian . 
 
 John of Alexandria, ' Philoponus ' 
 
 George of Pisidia, poet and his- 
 torian, ob. post. 641 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 A civil war between Theodebert and Clotaire fomented by Thierry. 
 
 Maurice and his five children put to death by Phocas. — The Romans defeated Narses, general to Phocas, ob. 605 
 
 in Italy by the Lombards. 
 Khosrou Purvez invades the Eastern Empire to revenge the death of Maurice, 
 
 St. Augustine first Archbishop of Canterbury dies. 
 
 Concessions of Phocas, and commencement of the Papal power. 
 
 Priscus and Heraclius conspire against Phocas. 
 
 Mahomed preaches at Mecca. — Heraclius takes up arms against Phocas. 
 
 Fall and death of Phocas, and elevation of Heraclius. 
 
 Conquest of Syria by Khosrou. 
 Mahomed begins to publish his Koran. 
 
 Capture of Jerusalem and conquest of Palestine by Khosrou. 
 
 Alexandria taken by the Persians. 
 
 Conquest of Egypt and of Asia Minor by Khosrou. 
 
 Tingatana in Africa taken by the Goths.— Battle of Retford, Ethelfrith King of 
 
 Bernicia defeated and killed by Edwin of Deira. 
 Constantinople taken and pillaged by the Avari. 
 
 The Persians ravage Asia Minor as far as Chalcedon. 
 
 The Emperor Heraclius makes peace with the Avari, and pushes the war 
 against the Persians. 
 
 Flight of Mahomed, July 16.— First expedition of the Emperor Heraclius 
 
 against Khosrou. 
 Battle of Bedr.— Battle of Ohud.— Second expedition of Heraclius against 
 
 Khosrou, 623 — 625. 
 Suintilla drives the Greeks out of Spain. 
 
 Battle of ' the Nations,' or ' the Ditch.' 
 
 Deliverance of Constantinople from Khosrou and the Chagan of the Avars. 
 
 Third expedition of Heraclius against Khosrou, Dec. 1. — Flight of Khosrou, 
 
 Dec. m. 
 Khosrou deposed, Feb. 25, and murdered by Schiroueh, his son, Feb. 28. — Peace 
 
 between the two empires, Mar. 
 Submission of Mecca. — First war of the Mahometans against the Roman Empire. 
 
 Dagobert becomes sole King of France by the death of Charibert II. 
 
 Conquest of Arabia, 629— G32. — Death of Mahomed, set. 63, June 7.— Invasion 
 
 of Persia and Syria. 
 Sipge of -Damascus. — Battle of Aiznaden and defeat of Heraclius, July 13. — 
 
 Battle of Hatfield Chace, Oct. 12. 
 Damascus taken by the Saracens by storm. 
 
 Siege of Heliopolis and of Emessa. 
 
 Battle of Cadesia, and total defeat of the Persians.— Battle of Yermuk, Nov.— 
 
 Foundation of Bassora. 
 Sack of Ctesiphon or Al Modain, Mar. — Jerusalem taken by the Saracens. 
 
 Aleppo and Antioch taken.— Flight of Heraclius.— Invasion of Egypt by the 
 
 Saracens, June. 
 The Maires du Palais begin to usurp the royal authority in Austrasia and 
 
 Neustria. 
 Alexandria taken, and the library burnt by the Saracen Amrou, Dec. 22.— First 
 
 kingdom of the Bulgarians, 640—1017. 
 
 Arnoul, mairedu palais 
 
 Theodorus, minister to Heraclius 
 
 Sarbarus, general to Khosrou 
 Purvez 
 
 Sain, general to Khosrou, ob. 626 
 
 Andegisil, maire du palais 
 Pepin, maire, — ob. 646 
 
 The Emperor Heraclius dies, Feb. 11.— Constantine III. is poisoned by his step- 
 mother, Martina, May 25. 
 Oswald King of Northumberland killed in battle with Penda King of Mercia. 
 
 Omar Caliph of the Saracens mortally wounded in the mosque at Medina, by a 
 Persian slave, Nov. 3. 
 
 First invasion of Africa by Abdallah. 
 
 Cyprus taken by the Saracens under Muavius.— Victory of the Saracens by 
 Abdallah, at Sufetula in Africa. 
 
 Bahanes, general to Heraclius 
 
 Manuel, last Roman governor in 
 Egypt 
 
 Ega, maire du palais to Clovis, 
 
 ob. 646 
 
 Amrus, general to Omar, ob. 663 
 
 Maurice, governor of Rome, 
 
 ob. 643 
 
 Archambaud, maire du palais to 
 
 Clovis 
 Grimoald, maire du palais to 
 
 Sigebert 
 
 
A. D. 651—700 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5364 
 5365 
 5366 
 5367 
 5368 
 5369 
 5370 
 5371 
 5372 
 5373 
 
 5374 
 5375 
 5376 
 5377 
 5378 
 5379 
 5380 
 5381 
 5382 
 5383 
 
 5384 
 5385 
 5386 
 5387 
 5388 
 5389 
 5390 
 5391 
 5392 
 5393 
 
 5394 
 5395 
 5396 
 5397 
 5398 
 5399 
 5400 
 5401 
 5402 
 5403 
 
 5404 
 5405 
 5406 
 5407 
 5408 
 5409 
 5410 
 5411 
 5412 
 5413 
 
 < 
 651 
 652 
 653 
 654 
 655 
 656 
 657 
 658 
 659 
 660 
 
 661 
 662 
 663 
 664 
 665 
 666 
 667 
 668 
 669 
 670 
 
 671 
 672 
 673 
 674 
 675 
 676 
 677 
 678 
 679 
 580 
 
 681 
 
 682 
 
 687 
 
 689 
 690 
 
 691 
 692 
 693 
 
 696 
 697 
 
 699 
 700 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 11 Cons tans 
 
 tL 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Constan. 
 
 tine IV. 
 
 2 Pogonatus 
 
 1 Justinian 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Leontius 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Tiberius 
 
 III. 
 
 2 Apsimar 
 
 Caliphs 
 of the 
 
 Saracens 
 
 8 Othman 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Ali 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Hasan 
 
 1 Moawiah 
 
 2 L 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Yezid L 
 
 1 Moawiah 
 
 II. 
 1 Merwan 
 
 L 
 1 Abdelme- 
 
 lic 
 
 | Kings - 
 
 £ in % 
 «j France £ 
 
 14SigebertII. 
 
 Clovis 14 
 
 15 II. 15 
 
 19 Clotaire 1 
 IIL 
 
 1 Chime- 
 ric II. 
 
 11 Thierry 1 
 III. 
 
 12 2 
 
 13 3 
 
 14 4 
 
 1 Dagobert 5 
 
 II. 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 5 9 
 
 6 10 
 
 Dukes 
 
 1 Martin 11 
 & Pepin 
 
 1 Pepin 
 alone 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 Pepin 18 
 sole 
 
 8 sove- 19 
 reign 
 
 9 20 
 
 10 
 
 Clovis 1 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 15 Childe- 1 
 bert III. 
 
 16 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Lombards 
 
 16 Rotharis 
 1 Rodoald 
 
 1 Aribert 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 [tus 
 
 lPerthari- 
 Gondibt 
 1 Grimo- 
 ald 
 
 lPerthari- 
 
 tus 
 2 again 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Cunibert 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Luitpert 
 
 Exarchs 
 
 of 
 Ravenna 
 
 3 Olympi- 
 
 us 
 lTheodo- 
 
 rus 
 2 again 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Gregory 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Theodore 
 II. 
 
 1 Johannes 
 
 Platon 
 
 2 
 
 Visigoths 
 
 in 
 
 Spain 
 
 11 Chindas- 
 
 wind 
 
 12 
 
 1 Reches- 
 
 wind 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 1 Wamba 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Ervigio 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Egica 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 THE SAXON HEPTARCHY 
 
 Kent Suss. Wess. Essex EAng. Merc. Bern. Deira 
 
 12 Ercenbt. 
 
 Edil- 4 
 
 13 wald 5 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 17 — 9 
 
 18 — 10 
 
 19 — 11 
 
 20 — 12 
 
 21 13 
 
 22 — 14 
 
 23 — 15 
 
 24 16 
 
 lEcbert 17 
 
 2 — 18 
 
 3 — 19 
 
 4 — 20 
 
 5 — 21 
 
 6 — 22 
 
 7 — 23 
 
 8 — 24 
 
 9 — 25 
 lLother26 
 
 2 27 
 
 3 — 28 
 
 4 — 29 
 
 5 30 
 
 6 — 31 
 
 7 — 32 
 
 8 — 33 
 
 9 — 34 
 
 10 35 
 
 11 — 36 
 
 12 — 37 
 lEdric 38 
 
 2 — 
 
 3 
 
 4Authunl 
 
 and 
 5 Berthun 
 
 years 
 6unknown 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 — 
 lWihtred 
 
 2 — 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 Sussex 
 finally 
 
 6 conque- 
 red by 
 
 7 Wessex 
 
 725 
 
 9 Cenwal 
 
 Sige- 29 
 10 bert 30 
 
 11 
 
 — 31 
 
 12 
 
 — 32 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 Sige- 1 
 
 bert 
 
 the 2 
 
 Good 
 
 — 3 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 — 5 
 
 18 
 
 — 6 
 
 19 Swith- 1 
 
 elm 
 
 20 — 2 
 
 21 Sigericl 
 
 and 
 
 22 Sebbi2 
 
 29 — 9 
 
 1 Sex- 10 
 burga 
 
 2 — 11 
 
 lEscwinl2 
 
 2 — .13 
 
 ICent- 14 
 win 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 — 16 
 
 4 — 17 
 
 5 — 18 
 
 6 — 19 
 
 7 — 20 
 
 8 — 21 
 
 9 22 
 
 1 Cead- 23 
 wal 
 
 2 — 24 
 
 3 25 
 
 Una 26 
 
 2 — 27 
 
 3 — 28 
 
 4 — 29 
 
 5 — 30 
 
 6 Sige- 1 
 
 nard 
 
 7 and 2 
 Suen- 
 
 8 frid 3 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 7 
 Offal 
 
 17 Anna 
 Penda26 
 
 18 27 
 
 19 28 
 
 1 Ethel- 29 
 ric 
 
 1 Ethel w Id. 
 
 Peadal 
 
 2 Wulf-1 
 
 here 
 
 3 — 2 
 
 4 — 3 
 
 5 — 4 
 
 6 — 5 
 
 10 Oswy 
 
 Adel- 1 
 
 11 wald 2 
 
 7 — 6 
 8—7 
 9 — 8 
 
 1 Aldulf 9 
 
 2 — 10 
 
 3 — 11 
 
 4 — 12 
 
 5 — 13 
 
 6 — 14 
 
 7 — 15 
 
 8 — 16 
 
 9 — 17 
 
 10 — 18 
 
 11 — 19 
 
 12 Ethel- 1 
 
 red 
 
 13 — 2 
 
 14 — 3 
 
 15 — 4 
 
 16 — 5 
 
 17 — 6 
 
 — 7 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 9 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 12 
 
 13 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 16 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — J 
 
 17 — I 
 
 18 — £ 
 
 19 — 2 
 
 20 — M ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 21 — g 
 
 5 
 
 22 — o 
 
 o 
 
 23 — £ 
 
 24 — *| 
 
 25 5 ' 
 
 26 — | 
 
 ■ 
 
 27—1 
 
 1 Ecfrid s 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 
 
 14 — £ 
 
 15 "§. 
 
 o 
 
 1 Alfred si 
 
 ■- I 
 
 a 
 
 3 3 
 
 9 
 
 4 - I 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 s 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°34- 
 
 OPES 
 
 lartin I. 
 
 ugemus 
 L 
 
 r italianus 
 
 \deodatus 
 
 Domnus I. 
 
 Igathon 
 
 Leo II. 
 
 Vacant 
 
 Benedict 
 
 II. 
 John V. 
 
 Conon 
 
 Sergius I. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Aidan, Bp. of Lindisfarne, 
 
 ob. 651 
 
 s 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Conquest of Persia by the Saracens. — Flight and assassination of Yez- 
 dejird III. 
 
 The Colossus of Rhodes destroyed by the Saracens. 
 
 Battle of Winwidfield, near Leeds ; defeat and death of Penda King of 
 Mercia by Oswy of Northumberland. 
 
 The Saracens purchase peace of the Emperor Constans at the yearly 
 price of 100,000 crowns. 
 
 Rise of the Paulicians, or disciples of St Paul. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Callinicus of Heliopolis, in- 
 ventor of the Greek fire. 
 
 Benedict Biscop, Abbot of 
 Wearmouth, 629—690 
 
 Casdmon, Anglo-Saxon poet, 
 ob. circa G80 
 
 Aldhelm, Abbot of Malms- 
 bury, father of Anglo-Saxon 
 poetry, circ. 056— 709 
 
 Grimoald Duke of Benevento seizes the throne of Lombardy pending 
 the contentions of Petharitus and Gondibert 
 
 Wilbrord of Ripon, Bp. of 
 Utrecht, 657—738 
 
 First siege of Constantinople by the Arabs, 668— 677.— Constans II. 
 assassinated in a bath at Syracuse, July 15. 
 
 Foundation of Cairoan in the kingdom of Tunis, the seat of the 
 Caliphat in Africa, by the Saracen, Akbah, 670—675. — The Saracens 
 
 Theodosius, brother to Con- 
 stans, ob. 659 
 
 besiege and destroy Syracuse. 
 
 The Saracens besiege Constantinople, and take up their winter quarters 
 
 at Cyzicum. 
 The fleet of the Saracens destroyed before Constantinople by the Greek 
 
 fire of Callinicus. 
 Storming of Nismes, and degradation of Duke Paul. 
 
 The Saracens defeated in Spain by Wamba, who bums their flotilla. 
 
 First siege of Constantinople relinquished by the Arabs, repulsed by 
 
 the Greek fire. — Tribute conceded to the besieged. 
 The Bulgarians invade Thrace, and settle on the banks of the Danube. 
 
 Death of Hosein, and fall of the Fatimites, Oct 10.— The Vlth General 
 Council, at Constantinople, Nov. 7 — Sept. 16, 681. 
 
 The Emperor Constantine relinquishes the payments usual on the 
 election of the Popes, but reserves the right of confirming their 
 election. 
 
 Constantine Pogonatus dies, Sept. ; and is succeeded by Justinian II. 
 Sussex subdued by Ceadwalla, and united to the kingdom of Wessex. 
 Pepin d'Heristal now governs all France. 
 
 Thierry defeated by Pepin d'Heristal.— Conquest of Africa by Akbah 
 and Yezid, 665—689. 
 
 Ina King of Wessex publishes a code of Saxon laws. 
 
 Justinian II. is mutilated and dethroned by Leontius 
 
 Establishment of the republic and doges of Venice. 
 
 Leontius is mutilated and dethroned by Tiberius. — Conquest of Car- 
 thage by the Saracen, Hassan. 
 
 Batilda, Queen-regent of Neus- 
 tria 
 
 Shapoor, Governor of Arme- 
 nia, ob. 667 
 
 Ebroin, maire du palais to 
 Clotaire, ob. 688 
 
 Tiberius and Heraclius, min- 
 isters to Constans II. 
 
 Leger, Bp. of Autun, minister 
 to Childeric, ob. 685 
 
 Count Bodillon 
 
 Leudesile, maire du palais to 
 Thierry III. ob. 681 
 
 Vulfoald, maire du palais to 
 Thierry III. 
 
 Alahis, Duke of Trent, ob. 694 
 
 Chaganis, King of the Abari 
 
 1 
 
A.D. 701—750 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5424 
 5425 
 5426 
 5427 
 5428 
 5429 
 5430 
 5431 
 5432 
 5433 
 
 5434 
 5435 
 5436 
 5437 
 5438 
 5439 
 5440 
 5441 
 5442 
 5443 
 
 5444 
 5445 
 5446 
 5447 
 5448 
 5449 
 5450 
 5451 
 5452 
 5453 
 
 5454 
 5455 
 5456 
 5457 
 5458 
 5459 
 5460 
 5461 
 5462 
 5463 
 
 ►"5 
 
 < 
 
 5414 
 
 701 
 
 5415 
 
 702 
 
 5416 
 
 703 
 
 5417 
 
 704 
 
 5418 
 
 705 
 
 5419 
 
 706 
 
 5420 
 
 707 
 
 5421 
 
 708 
 
 5422 
 
 709 
 
 5423 
 
 710 
 
 711 
 712 
 
 715 
 711 
 715 
 71G 
 717 
 71S 
 71!' 
 720 
 
 721 
 722 
 723 
 724 
 725 
 726 
 727 
 728 
 729 
 730 
 
 731 
 732 
 733 
 734 
 735 
 736 
 737 
 738 
 739 
 740 
 
 741 
 
 742 
 74.3 
 744 
 745 
 7 lil 
 747 
 74S 
 749 
 700 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 4 Tiberius 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Justinian 
 II. again 
 
 1 Anastatius 
 IL 
 
 1 Theodosius 
 III. 
 
 1 Leo III. the 
 
 Isaurian 
 
 2 
 
 1 Constan- 
 
 tine V. 
 
 2 Coprony- 
 
 mus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Caliphs 
 
 of the 
 
 Saracens 
 
 17 Abdel- 
 
 melic 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Walid I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 > 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Soliman 
 
 2 
 
 1 Omar IL 
 
 1 Yezid II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Hash em 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 1 Walid II. 
 [III. 
 1 Yezid 
 
 1 Ibrahim 
 
 2 Merwan 
 
 II. 
 
 3 
 
 1 Abul. 
 Abbas 
 
 | Dukes * 
 
 < Kings fc 
 
 21 Pepin 
 
 Childe- 7 
 
 bert 8 
 III. 
 
 — 9 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 13 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 16 
 
 31 Dau'obertl 
 
 III. 
 
 32 2 
 
 33 3 
 
 34 4 
 
 1 Ch.Martel 
 
 Chilpe- 1 
 
 2 ric IL 2 
 
 6 Thierry 1 
 IV. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of the 
 
 Lombards 
 
 1 Ragimbt. 
 
 1 Aribert 
 
 2 IL 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 [prand 
 
 1 Ans- 
 lLuit- 
 
 2 prand 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 23 Interreg. 
 
 under 
 
 24 Charles 
 Martel 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 1 Carloman 
 and Pepin 
 
 2 Childe- 1 
 ric III. 
 
 2 
 
 7 Pepin 
 sole so- 
 
 8 vereign 7 
 
 9 8 
 
 10 9 
 
 Exarchs 
 
 of 
 Ravenna 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 [brand 
 
 1 Hilde- 
 
 1 Ratchis 
 
 2 Duke of 
 Friuli 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 1 Astolfus 
 
 15Johannes 
 
 Platon 
 
 lTheophi- 
 
 lactus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Uohannes 
 Rizocop. 
 
 1 Eutychi- 
 
 us the 
 
 2 Eunuch 
 
 1 Scholas- 
 
 ticus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 lPaul 
 
 1 Eutychi- 
 us again 
 
 Kings 
 
 .2 Emirs .5 
 
 1 Witiza 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Roderic + 
 Tarik 1 
 Musa 1 
 
 5 Adelasis 1 
 ^ Alhaur 1 
 
 1 Pelayo 
 
 AlSamal 
 
 2 2 
 
 4 Abderah- 1 
 
 man and 
 
 5 Ambisa 2 
 
 8 Hodeiral 
 
 Yahia 1 
 
 9 2 
 
 10 Othmanl 
 
 11 Hodaifal 
 Othman 1 
 
 12 Alhaitan 1 
 Mahomd. 1 
 
 13 Abderah- 1 
 
 man 
 
 Abdel- 1 
 melic 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Okbahl 
 
 2 
 
 1 Favila 3 
 
 2 4 
 
 1 Alfonso 5 
 
 L 
 
 2 Abdel- 1 
 
 melic 
 
 SAXON KINGS IN ENGLAND 
 
 Kent Wessex Essex E.Anglia Mercia 
 
 8 Wiht- 
 
 red 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 lEad- 
 bert 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 3 Baleda 1 
 
 4 Thalabal 
 
 Abul- 1 
 katur 2 
 
 Thueba 1 
 
 Yussefl 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Ethel- 
 bert 
 
 2 
 
 14Ina 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 — 
 
 19 — 
 
 20 — 
 
 21 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 27 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 1 Ethel- 
 heard 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Cuth- 
 red 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 2 0ffa 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 lSueb- 
 richt 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 1 Swith. 
 
 red 
 
 2 
 
 38Aldulf 27 Ethel- 1 
 red 
 
 49 
 
 lSelred 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ■ 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Alph- 
 
 uald 
 
 2 
 
 IBeorna 
 and 
 
 2 Ethel- 
 reld 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 35 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wearmouth, 
 tutor to Bede, 642— 71b 
 
 Adamnan, Abbot of Iona, ' De 
 Locis Terra? Sanctae,' ob. 703 
 
 John of Beverley, Abp.of York, 
 ob. 721 
 
 Felix, ' History of Croyland 
 Abbey ' 
 
 Venerable Bede, ' Historia 
 Ecclesiastica,' 672 — 735 
 
 St. Boniface, Abp. of the Ger- 
 mans, circ. 680 — 755 
 
 Tatwine, Abp. of Canterbury, 
 ' ^nigmata,' ob. 734 
 
 Fredegaire, Fr.chronicler.con- 
 tinuator of Gregory of Tours 
 
 Bede's literary friends : — 
 
 Egbert, Abp.of York,735, 'Con- 
 fessionale,' and ' Poeniten- 
 tiale,' ob. 766 
 
 Acca, Bp. of Hexham, ob. 740 
 
 Albinus, Abbot of St. Augus- 
 tine, ob. 732 
 
 Nothelm, Abp. of Canterbury, 
 ob. 739 
 Daniel, Bp. of Winchester, 
 
 ob. 745 
 Ethelwald, Abbot of Lindis- 
 farne, ob. 740 
 
 Forthere, Bp. of Sherborne, 
 living 737 
 Hwetbert, Abbot of Wear- 
 mouth, living 731 
 Plegwin, monk of York, 
 
 living 730 
 Withred, presbyter, living 730 
 
 Cuthred.Abbot of Yarrow,pre- 
 sent at his death, 735 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Justinian II. restored by Terbelis ; Leontius and Apsimar degraded in 
 the Hippodrome, and executed. 
 
 Final conquest of Africa by the Arabs, and adoption of the Moors, 
 
 Conquest of Transoxiana. — First descent of the Saracens in Spain 
 Tarik, July. 
 
 Octal al Tarik lands at Gibraltar, Ap. 30.— Battle of the Guadalete, 
 
 July. — Fall of the Gothic monarchy in Spain. 
 Musa the Saracen lands in Spain. — Morida capitulates. — Tarik is 
 
 superseded. 
 Conquest of Spain by Musa. — Philippicus Bardanes assassinated, 
 
 June 4. — Anastatius II. succeeds. 
 Musa arrested at the head of his army by command of Caliph Walid. — 
 
 Pepin Heristal dies, Dec. 16. 
 
 Second siege of Constantinople, 716—718. 
 
 Moslemah crosses the Hellespont, July 15.— Battle of Vincy gained by 
 Charles Martel, Mar. 21. 
 
 The Empire of the Arabian Caliphs in its zenith.— Siege of Constanti- 
 nople raised by Moslemah, Aug. 15. 
 
 Don Pelayo defeats the Saracens at Cavadonga. — Archbishop Oppas 
 put to death. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Gilulfus, Duke of Beneven- 
 tum, ob. 707 
 
 Invasion of France by the Arabs. 
 
 Charles Martel victorious over the Suevi, the Frisons, the Allemanni, 
 
 and the Saxons. 
 The Iconoclastic controversy begins. 
 
 The Greek Bishops are opposed to the Emperor's edict against Images. 
 
 Remonstrance of Gregory II. 
 Rupture between the Pontificate and the Greek empire upon the 
 
 Iconoclastic question. 
 
 The Patriarch Germanus deposed by the Emperor Leo. — Rome at- 
 tacked by the Lombards, 730—752. 
 
 Expedition into France, and victories of Abderahman. 
 
 Defeat and death of Abderahman by Charles Martel, between Poitiers 
 
 and Tours, Oct. 
 The Italian Bishops pray the Emperor Leo to revoke the edict against 
 
 Images without success. 
 
 Charles Martel becomes master of Aquitaine on the death of Duke 
 
 Eudes. 
 Destruction of Images by the Emperor Leo III. 
 
 Interregnum under Charles Martel on the death of Thierry IV. 
 
 Pope Gregory III. endeavours in vain to appease the Emperor Leo on 
 the subject of Images. 
 
 Pope Gregory, besieged by Luitprand, writes most urgently to Charles 
 Martel for assistance. — Charles Martel dies, Oct. 22. — Pope Gregory, 
 Nov. 28.— Leo the Isaurian, June 18. 
 
 Birth of Charlemagne. 
 
 Odillon Duke of Bavaria defeated by Pepin and Carloman. 
 
 Carloman retires to a convent in Italy. — Pepin gains the ascendant. 
 
 Decline and fall of Christianity in Africa, 749—1076. — The Christian 
 
 era adopted by historians ahout this time. 
 Fall of the Ommyiades, Merwan II. defeated and killed by Abu 
 
 Moslem in Egypt, Feb. 10. 
 
 Count Julian, 
 
 ob. 714 
 
 Rainfroy, maire du palais to 
 
 Dagobert 
 Adelasis, son of Musa, ob. 716 
 
 Tiberius, tyrant of Sicily 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 VENICE 
 
 5 Paolo Lucio- 
 
 Anafesto 
 
 6 
 
 Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, 
 ob. 735 
 
 Childebrand,brother toCharles 
 Martel 
 
 Agallianus — and 
 
 Stephen, generals against the 
 Iconoclasts 
 
 Artabasdus, minister to Leo, 
 ob. 743 
 Herald, Duke of Aquitaine 
 
 John Damascenus, min. to the 
 Caliph Hashem, ob. 750 
 
 Thrasemond, general to Gre- 
 gory III. 
 
 Nicetas, minister to Constan- 
 tine, ob. 780 
 
 1 Marco Teg- 
 
 liano 
 
 2 . 
 
 1 Orso Ipato 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 MAESTRI DE 
 CAVALIERI 
 
 1 Theodato 
 
 Ipato 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
A.D. 751—800 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 Exarchs 
 
 of 
 Ravenna 
 
 Kings cs 
 of I 
 
 13 Alfonso I. 
 
 Yussef 6 
 
 14 7 
 
 17 Abderah-1 
 
 man I. 
 
 18 King of 2 
 Cordova 
 
 lFroilal. 3 
 
 King of 
 2 Oviedo 4 
 
 lAurelio 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 1 Silo the 20 
 Saracen 
 
 2 21 
 
 8 27 
 
 9 28 
 
 1 Maure- 29 
 gat the 
 
 2 Usurper 30 
 
 IBermudo I. 
 
 Hashem 1 
 
 2 L 2 
 
 1 Alfonso 4 
 II. the 
 
 2 Chaste 5 
 
 CHARLEMAGNE 
 
 crowned 
 Emperor of the West 1 
 
 Alha- 1 
 cam I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 SAXON KINGS IN ENGLAND 
 
 Kent Wessex Essex E Anglia Mercia 
 
 4 Ethel- 
 bert 
 
 5 ■ 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Alric 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 El. 
 mund? 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 93 
 
 34 
 
 1 Edbert 
 
 Pryn 
 
 2 
 
 1 Cuth- 
 
 red 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 12 Cuth- 
 
 red 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Sige- 
 bert 
 
 ICyne 
 wulf 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 IBertric 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 1 Egbert 
 
 14 Swith- 
 
 SBeorna 
 
 36 Ethel- 
 
 red 
 
 and 
 
 bald 
 
 15 
 
 4 Ethel- 
 red 
 
 37 ■ ■ 
 
 16 
 
 5 — 
 
 38 — 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 39 
 
 fred 
 
 18 
 
 7 — 
 
 1 Bern- 
 lOfifa 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 lOBeorna 
 alone 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 5 ■ 
 
 23 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 1 Ethel- 
 red 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 34 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 36 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 37 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 39 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 41 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 42 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 43 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 44 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 46 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 47 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 48 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 49 
 
 26 
 
 32 
 
 50 
 
 27 
 
 33 
 
 51 
 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 52 
 
 29 
 
 35 
 
 53 
 
 1 Ethel- 
 bert 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 37 
 
 1 Sigeric 
 
 — Conqd. 
 byOfla 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 1 Egfrid 
 1 Cenulf 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Sige- 
 
 
 red 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 '- 
 
[STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 36 
 
 OPES 
 
 achary 
 :ephen II 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 WilHbald of Wessex, Bp. of 
 Eichstadt, 740, 700—766 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 ephen 
 III. 
 
 drian I 
 
 » III. 
 
 Paulus Diaconus of Aquilea, 
 historian, ob. 801 
 
 Alcuin of York, preceptor to 
 Charlemagne, 735 — 804 
 
 Willehad of Northumbria, Bp. 
 of Bremen, ob. 789 
 
 Georgius Syncellus of Constan- 
 tinople, chronoL 
 
 Termination of the Merovingian dynasty in France. 
 
 Pepin raised on a shield at Soissons, and proclaimed King of the 
 
 Franks. 
 Intestine divisions among the Saracens in Spain. — Abderahman invited 
 
 over from Mauritania. 
 The destruction of Images decreed by the Synod of Constantinople. — 
 
 Rome delivered by Pepin from the Lombards. 
 Revolt from the Caliphat in Spain and elevation of Abderhman. — 
 
 King Pepin enforces the cession of Ravenna to the Pope. 
 King Pepin receives from the Greek Emperor the first organ seen in 
 
 France. 
 The seat of the Caliphat removed bv Almansor from Damascus to 
 
 Bagdad. 
 
 Pepin besieges and takes Narbonne. 
 
 The Emperor Constantine Copronymus persecutes the Iconoclasts. 
 
 Bagdad built by Almansor, and made the capital for the Caliphs of the 
 House of Abbas. 
 
 Pepin prosecutes the war in Aquitaine. 
 The Turks ravage Armenia and Asia Minor. 
 
 Pepin unites Aquitaine to France. — He dies, Sept. 24. — Charlemagne 
 
 and Carloman succeed. 
 Charlemagne builds Fronsac, the first instance of a fortified castle in 
 
 France. 
 The monasteries in the East dissolved by Constantine Copronymus. 
 
 Death of Carloman, Dec. 4, a?t. 20. — Charlemagne now sole King of 
 
 France. 
 Revolt of the Saxons against Charlemagne, and thirty years' war 
 
 Desiderius King of Lombardy besieges Pope Adrian in Rome, who ap- 
 plies for assistance to Charlemagne. 
 
 Conquest of Lombardy by Charlemagne. — Separation of the Pontificate 
 from the Eastern Empire, 774 — 800. 
 
 Constantine Copronymus dies, Sept. 14: and is succeeded by his son, 
 Leo IV. 
 
 Charlemagne reduces the Saxons. 
 
 Battle of Roncesvalles, and death of Rolando. 
 
 The Emperor Leo IV. dies, Sept. 8 ; and is succeeded by Constantine 
 VI. under Irene, his mother, who restores the Images. 
 
 Wars of Haroun al Raschid against the Romans, 781—805. 
 
 Witikind defeated by Charlemagne in Saxony. 
 
 Witikind and Alboin with the Saxons submit to Charlemagne ; and 
 the Saxons are baptized. 
 
 Charlemagne conquers Tasillon Duke of Bavaria, which is united to 
 the empire. 
 
 The VHth General Council, of Nice, Sept. 24— Oct. 23.— The Icono- 
 clasts anathematized, and the worship of Images restored. 
 
 The Emperor Constantine assumes the government independent of 
 Irene, his mother. 
 
 Bermudo King of Oviedo defeats the Saracens under Hashem, at Burebo 
 
 near Burgos. 
 Murder of Ethelbert King of East Anglia by Offa King of Mercia. 
 
 Alfonso King of Oviedo defeats the Saracens at Lodos.— Offa intro- 
 duces the tax of Peter pence into Mercia. 
 
 Coronation of Charlemagne, Dec. 25.— Final separation of the Pontificate 
 from the Eastern Empire.— Revolt ofthe Arabian Provinces, 800— 936. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Burchardt, Bp of Wurtzburg 
 
 Fulrad, minister to Pepin 
 Hunaud, Duke of Aquitaine 
 Walter of Alsace 
 
 Rotgaut, general to Deside- 
 rius, ob. 770 
 Nicephorus, minister to Leo 
 
 Adelgisus the Lombard 
 
 Teleric, King of Bulgaria 
 
 Witikind, Saxon general in 
 Germany 
 
 Alexius, general to Constan- 
 tine 
 
 DOGES 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 10 Theodato- 
 
 Ipato 
 11 
 
 1 Galadi Mala, 
 mocco 
 
 1 Domenico 
 
 Monegario 
 
 2 
 
 IMaurizioGal- 
 bajo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Giovanni 
 Galbajo 
 
 
A. D. 801—850 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5514 
 5515 
 5516 
 5517 
 5518 
 5519 
 5520 
 5521 
 5522 
 5523 
 
 i 801 
 802 
 803 
 804 
 805 
 806 
 807 
 808 
 809 
 810 
 
 5524 
 5525 
 5526 
 5527 
 5528 
 5529 
 5530 
 5531 
 5532 
 5533 
 
 5534 
 5535 
 5536 
 5537 
 5538 
 5539 
 5540 
 5541 
 5542 
 5543 
 
 5544 
 5545 
 5546 
 5547 
 5548 
 5549 
 5550 
 5551 
 5552 
 5553 
 
 5554 
 5555 
 5556 
 5557 
 5558 
 5559 
 5560 
 5561 
 5562 
 5563 
 
 811 
 812 
 813 
 814 
 815 
 816 
 817 
 818 
 819 
 820 
 
 821 
 822 
 823 
 824 
 825 
 826 
 827 
 
 830 
 
 831 
 832 
 833 
 834 
 835 
 836 
 837 
 838 
 839 
 840 
 
 841 
 
 844 
 845 
 
 847 
 
 849 
 850 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 22 Irene 
 
 INicephorus 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 .6 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 1 Stauracius 
 
 1 Michael I.- 
 
 2 Rhar.gabe 
 
 lLeoV. the 
 Armenian 
 
 1 Michael 
 II. the 
 
 2 Stammerer 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Theophilus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Michael 
 
 III. 
 
 2 the Sot 
 
 Caliphs 
 
 of the 
 
 Saracens 
 
 16 Haroun 
 
 al 
 
 17 Raschid 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 Amin 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Mamun 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Motasim 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Wathek 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Motawa- 
 
 kel 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 EMPERORS 
 
 OF 
 THE WEST 
 
 Charlemagne 
 
 1 Louis I. le D6bonnaire 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 The West 
 
 1 Lothaire 
 I. 
 
 France Germany, 
 
 1 Charles 
 the Bald 
 
 Piastus 1 
 
 1 Louis 1. 2 
 
 2 3 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 eij 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 11 Alfonso II. 
 
 
 Alha- 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 cam II. 7 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 ■ 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 ■ 
 
 22 
 
 2S 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 32Abderah-l 
 
 
 man II. 
 
 S3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 SB 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 ■ 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 41 
 
 ■ 
 
 10 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 1 Ramiro 
 
 SI 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 ■ 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 !Ordonno29 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 SAXON KINGS IN ENGLAND. 
 
 Wessex Kent 
 
 Mercia N.land 
 
 2 Egbert 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6 Cuth- 
 
 red 
 
 7 • 
 
 1 Bald- 
 
 red 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Conq. by 
 Egbert 
 
 3Sige- 
 
 red 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Conq. by 
 Egbert 
 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 
 1 Ethel wulf- 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 9 *»* The intermediate reigns 
 in the kingdom of EAnglia 
 
 10 are unknown for nearly 
 sixty years. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 8Cen- 
 
 ulf 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 ICenelm 
 lCeol- 
 2 wulf 
 
 1 Burn- 
 
 wulf 
 
 2 
 
 1 Lude- 
 
 can 
 
 2 
 
 1 Wiglaf 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 lBert- 
 
 ulf 
 
 2 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°37 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 ;nmark 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WA R R I O R S 
 
 
 7 Leo UL 
 
 Paulinus, Patriarch of Aqui- 
 lea, 726—804 
 
 Embassy from Haroun al Raschid to Charlemagne. 
 
 The Empress Irene deposed, and banished to Lesbos, by Nicephorus I., 
 
 who succeeds, Oct. 31. 
 The Saxons finally subdued by Charlemagne. 
 
 Charlemagne divides his monarchy between his sons, before the diet of 
 
 Thionville. 
 Second embassy to Charlemagne from Haroun al Raschid. — Revolt of 
 
 Bernhard King of Italy. 
 Godfrey the Norman makes his first descent in France/ 
 
 Venice founded on the Island of the Rialto. 
 
 Stauracius, minister to Nice- 
 phorus 
 
 Crunnus, King of Bulgaria, 
 
 ob. cir. 814 
 
 Taherus, Saracen general, 
 
 ob. 882 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 arald I. 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Stephen 
 
 IV. 
 1 Pascal I. 
 
 Agobard, Abp. of Lyons, 
 
 779—840 
 
 Aimon of St. Germain de Pres, 
 Fr. legendary historian, 
 
 ob. post 836 
 
 Nicephorus defeated and killed by Crunnus, King of the Bulgarians, 
 July 25. 
 
 Revolt of the Taherites from the Arabian Caliphat, 813— 872.— Michael 
 
 I. defeated by Crunnus. 
 Death of Charlemagne, Jan. 28, a?t 71. — The Emperor Leo renews the 
 
 edict against images. 
 
 Bernhard the Carlovingian King of Italy, put to death for conspiracy by 
 King Louis. 
 
 Leo the Armenian killed at the altar by Michael the Stammerer, Dec. 25. 
 
 Eginhard, secretary to Char- 
 lemagne, ob. 842 
 Hasan the Saracen, ob. 812 
 
 Theodorus, minister to Leo V. 
 
 Hilduin, minister to Louis I. 
 
 Thomas the Slave, general to 
 Mamun, ob. 822 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 Dicuil, Irish monk in France, 
 ' De mensura orbis terra?,' 
 
 nat. post. 750, 
 
 Public penance of Louis le Debonnaire. — Constantinople besieged by 
 
 Thomas the Slave. 
 Conquest of the kingdoms of Kent and Essex by Egbert King of Wessex. 
 
 Crete taken by the Saracen, Abu Caab of Andalusia, from whom it 
 
 receives the name of Candia. 
 
 Harald King of Denmark converted to Christianity. 
 
 ' Sicily subdued by the Saracens of Africa, 827— 878.— The Almagest of 
 Ptolemy translated into Arabic. 
 
 Revolt of the Edrisites from the Arabian Caliphat, 829— 907.— Michael 
 
 the Stammerer dies, Oct 1. 
 Louis le Debonnaire compelled by his sons to renounce his power. 
 
 Wulfhere, general to Egbert, 
 
 ob. 838 
 
 Bernhard Count of Barcelona 
 
 Empress Judith, ob. 843 
 Gombaud, minister to Louis 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Eugenius 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Valentine 
 
 1 Gregory 
 
 2 IV. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 ; 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 I 
 
 The army of Louis le Debonnaire passes over to his sons in the night of 
 
 June 24. 
 Lothaire recognised sole emperor by his army. 
 
 Egbert revenges at Hengston a defeat by the Danes in 833, at Charmouth. 
 
 Amorian war between the Emperor Theophilus and the Caliph Mo- 
 
 tasim. 
 Diet of Worms, May 30.— Division of the empire.— Ethelwulf defeated 
 
 by the Danes off Charmouth. 
 Louis le Debonnaire dies, June 20, set. 62.— Conflict of the Saracens, the 
 
 Latins, and the Greeks in Italy, ^40 — 1017. 
 
 Theophobus, minister to Theo- 
 philus, ob. 841 
 
 Swithun, Bp. of Winchester, 
 minister to Ethelwulf, 
 
 800—802 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albumazar, Arabian astron. 
 
 805—885 
 
 Godeschalcus Fulgentius, 
 
 ob. 870 
 
 Hincmarus, Abp. of Rheims, 
 ob. 882 
 
 Rabanus Maurus, Abp. of 
 Mentz, 785—856 
 
 St. Neot, Abbot of Glaston- 
 bury, ob. circa 877 
 
 Battle of Fontenai, Lothaire and Pepin defeated by Louis and Charles. — 
 
 Oscar sails up the Seine and burns Rouen. 
 The worship of images finally restored by the Empress Theodora . 
 
 Final division of the empire of Charlemagne at Thionville, Aug. — Ger- 
 many is detached from the empire of the Franks. 
 
 Ragnar Lodbrog sails up the Seine and pillages Paris, Mar. 28.— Revolt 
 
 of the Paulicians, 845—880. 
 Invasion and sack of Rome by the Moors and Saracens of Africa. 
 
 Marseilles taken and plundered by Greek pirates.— Bourdeaux burnt by 
 
 the Normans. 
 Victory of Pope Leo IV. over the Saracens at the mouth of the Tiber.— 
 
 Birth of King Alfred. 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Sergius II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 Leo IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 ri: 1 
 
A.D. 801—851 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 37* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 15 Giovanni Galbajo 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Obelerio Anteno- 
 
 rio 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Angelo Participa- 
 
 zio 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Giustiniani Parti- 
 
 cipazio 
 
 2 . 
 
 1 Giovanni Partici- 
 
 pazio 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pietro Tradonico 
 
 Tuscany, 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 1 Boniface I. 
 
 Marquis 
 
 2 
 
 1 Adalbert I. 
 Duke and 
 
 2 Marquis 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Bretagne 
 
 1 Nomenoe 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 For the Doges of Venice, A. D. 697 — 800 see the three preceding Regal Tables. 
 
 *** The preceding Tables, A.D. 1 — 1800, are restricted to dynasties of 
 imperial or regal rank, with some slight exceptions, as — the Dukes of Nor. 
 mandy and the Princes of Orange in connection with the Kings of England, 
 William I. and William III. — the Counts of Maurienne and the Dukes 
 of Savoy, and the Counts and Dukes of Apulia as antecedent to the 
 Kings of Sardinia and the Kings of Sicily, — and the inroad of the Arabian 
 Emirs in the Gothic monarchy of Spain. The Tables which follow, being 
 of non-regal rank, may be less generally referred to, but they will be found 
 very useful to the student in history. It will be seen that the middle 
 columns of the early Tables detail the succession of the contemporary 
 Counts of Flanders, Holland, and Hainault; the Counts and Marquises of 
 Namur ; and the Dukes of Brabant and Luxemburg. They proceed until 
 the dominions of all are, nearly at the same time, absorbed by succession, 
 sale, or conquest, by the House of Burgundy ; through the marriage of 
 whose heiress, which in the sequel deluged Europe with blood, they were 
 transferred, A.D. 1477, to the House of Austria. The troubled period which 
 then succeeded, has rendered the viceroyalties of the Emperors Maximilian 
 and Charles V. and more especially those of Philip of Spain, sufficiently 
 memorable to be recorded in the columns of Historical Tables. They are 
 brought down to the government of the Archduke Charles, 1793, and 
 the recent revolutionary period ; the Stadtholderat of the Seven Provinces 
 being placed in juxta-position to the Spanish and Austrian governments. — 
 The years of the Stadtholderat are not always in unison with those of the 
 Princes of Orange in the preceding Tables. 
 
 Of the remaining columns, those to the left refer to the history of 
 the Italian States, including the Venetian annals, for the long period of 
 eleven hundred years. Those on the right describe what could be com- 
 prised of the descent of the four recently erected monarchies in Germany, 
 which, with the Margravate of Brandenburg ; the extinct dukedoms of 
 Suabia, Lorraine, Franconia, and Bretagne do not require any separate 
 explanation. 
 
 TABLES, A.D. 801 — 1800 
 
 37 Counts and Dukes of Bre- 
 tagne 824 
 
 37 Dukes and Grand Dukes 
 
 of Tuscany 828 
 
 38 Counts of Flanders ... 862 
 38 Dukes of Suabia .... 867 
 38 Counts of Hainault ... 875 
 38 Dukes of Burgundy . . 877 
 38 Dukes of Saxony. ... 880 
 38 Dukes of Franconia. . . 891 
 
 38 Dukes of Bavaria . . . 895 
 
 39 Counts of Friesland, after- 
 
 wards Holland .... 901 
 
 39 Dukes of Lorraine . . . 916 
 39 Counts and Marquises of 
 
 Namur 932 
 
 39 Marquises of Montferrat . 938 
 
 40 Dukes of Lower Lorraine, 
 
 afterwards Brabant . . 959 
 40 Counts and Dukes of Lux- 
 emburg 964 
 
 42 Dukes of Ferrara, after- 
 
 wards Modena . . . 1067 
 
 43 Electors of Brandenburg 1134 
 
 44 Electors Palatine . . . 1156 
 44 Electors of Saxony. . . 1180 
 
 46 Dukes of Milan .... 1295 
 
 47 Dukes of Mantua . . . 1328 
 49 Dukes of Guastalla . . 1406 
 
 49 Dukes of Brunswick . . 1109 
 
 50 Dukes of Wurtemburg . 1457 
 
 50 Governors of the Nether- 
 
 lands 1477 
 
 51 Dukes of Parma . . . 1545 
 
 52 Stadtholders of the Seven 
 
 United Provinces . . 1579 
 
 53 Electors of Bavaria . . 1623 
 
 54 Electors of Hanover . . 1692 
 56 Governors- General of In- 
 dia 1774 
 
 56 Presidents of the United 
 
 States 1789 
 
 
A. D. 851—900 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AN 
 
 5564 
 5565 
 5566 
 5567 
 5568 
 5569 
 5570 
 5571 
 5572 
 5573 
 
 5574 
 5575 
 5576 
 5577 
 5578 
 5579 
 5580 
 5581 
 5582 
 5583 
 
 5584 
 5585 
 5586 
 5587 
 5588 
 5589 
 5590 
 5591 
 5592 
 5593 
 
 5594 
 5595 
 5596 
 5597 
 5598 
 5599 
 5600 
 5601 
 5602 
 5603 
 
 5604 
 5605 
 5606 
 5607 
 5608 
 5609 
 5610 
 5611 
 5612 
 5613 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 a 
 c 
 
 851 
 852 
 853 
 854 
 855 
 856 
 857 
 858 
 859 
 860 
 
 861 
 862 
 863 
 864 
 865 
 866 
 867 
 868 
 869 
 870 
 
 871 
 872 
 873 
 874 
 875 
 876 
 877 
 878 
 879 
 880 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 10 Michael 
 
 III. 
 
 11 the Sot 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 — 
 
 19 — 
 
 1 Basil I. 
 
 the 
 
 2 Macedo- 
 
 nian 
 
 3 
 
 882 
 
 884 
 885 
 
 890 
 
 891 
 892 
 893 
 894 
 895 
 896 
 897 
 898 
 899 
 900 
 
 1 Leo VI. 
 the Philo- 
 
 2 sopher 
 
 Caliphs 
 
 of the 
 
 Saracens 
 
 5 Motawa- 
 
 kel 
 
 6 ■ 
 
 1 Mostan- 
 
 ser 
 1 Mostain 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Motaz 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Mohtadi 
 
 1 Mota- 
 med 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 ■ 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Motad- 
 hed 
 
 EMPERORS 
 
 OF 
 THE WEST 
 
 12 Lothaire 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 1 Louis II. 
 
 2 — 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 1 Charles II. the Bald, 
 
 King of France 
 
 2 
 
 — Interregnum ' 
 
 1 Charles II L le Gros 
 crowned k. of Italy 
 
 2 crowned emperor 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 12 Charles 
 
 II. the 
 
 13 Bald 
 
 14 ■ 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 32 
 
 33 ■ 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 1 Louis II. 
 le Begue 
 
 2 
 
 [III. 
 
 1 Louis 
 
 Carlo- 1 
 
 2 man 2 
 
 3 — 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Germany 
 
 9 Louis I. 
 
 10 —.* * 
 
 11 — 3>£ 
 
 .5 ° 
 
 12 — ^£ 
 
 13 Charles 1 
 
 — 7 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 — 
 
 32 — o> 
 
 B 
 
 33 — f 
 
 o 
 
 1 Louis &< 
 
 II. <- 
 
 2 — M 
 
 c 
 
 3 — £ 
 
 4 Boson 1 
 
 5 — 2 
 
 succeeded 4 
 
 by 
 Charles 5 
 le Gros 
 
 5 Charles le Gros obtains all the dominions of 6 
 
 Charlemagne,except the kingdom of Provence, 
 
 6 but is deposed, Nov. 11, 887 7 
 
 7 Germany Italy France 
 
 1 Arnulph 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 Borzi- 1 
 
 
 VOl 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 crow- 
 ned 
 
 7 
 
 u 
 
 empe- 
 ror 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 — 
 
 B 
 
 1 Louis 10 
 
 
 111. 
 
 
 2 
 
 king 
 
 11 
 
 1 Eudes 
 Count 
 IBerenger 2 de 
 D.ofFriuli Paris 
 
 2 Guy 1 3 
 
 D.of 
 
 3 Spo- 2 
 leto 
 
 4 crow- 3 
 
 ned 
 
 5 empe- 4 
 
 ror 
 
 6 — 5 
 
 7 Lam- 1 
 bert 
 
 8 emp- 2 
 eror 
 
 9 — 3 
 
 10 — 4 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 1 Louis the 
 Blind 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 Charles 1 
 III. the 
 
 8 Simple 2 
 
 Trans- 8 
 juran 
 Burgun- g« 
 
 Q y re 
 
 1 Rodolf 3 
 
 i re 
 
 2 — * 
 
 3 Louis 1 
 
 ♦he 
 
 4 Blind 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 10 Piastus 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Ziemovi- 
 
 tus 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Lesko 
 IV. 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings „ 
 
 o > 
 
 O Of »rt 
 
 j; ° 
 
 o o 
 
 2 Ordonno I. 
 Abder. 11.30 
 
 3 Maho- 1 
 med I. 
 
 4 2 
 
 5 3 
 
 6 4 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 9 7 
 
 10 8 
 
 11 9 
 
 12 10 
 
 13 11 
 
 14 12 
 
 15 13 
 
 16 14 
 
 1 Alfonso 15 
 III. the 
 
 2 Great 16 
 
 3 17 
 
 4 18 
 
 5 19 
 
 6 20 
 
 7 21 
 
 8 22 
 
 9 23 
 
 10 24 
 
 11 25 
 
 12 26 
 
 13 27 
 
 14 28 
 
 15 29 
 
 16 30 
 
 17 31 
 
 18 32 
 
 19 33 
 
 20 34 
 
 21 Almund- 1 
 
 hir 
 
 22 2 
 
 23 Abdal- 1 
 
 lah 
 
 24 2 
 
 25 3 
 
 26 4 
 
 27 5 
 
 28 ■ 6 
 
 29 7 
 
 30 8 
 
 31 9 
 
 32 10 
 
 33 11 
 
 34 12 
 
 35 13 
 
 KINGS OF ENGLAND 
 
 Wess.Merc. E.Ang.N.land 
 
 16Ethelwulf 
 
 BertulfH 
 
 17 Burhred 1 
 
 18 2 
 
 19 3 
 
 20 4 
 
 1 Ethel- 5 
 
 bald 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 1 Ethel- 9 
 bert 
 
 2 10 
 
 3 11 
 
 4 — 12 
 
 5 13 
 
 6 14 
 
 1 Ethel- 15 
 
 red 
 
 2 16 
 
 3 17 
 
 4 18 
 
 5 19 
 
 1 Alfred 20 
 
 the 
 
 2 Great 21 
 
 3 22 
 
 4 Ceol- 1 
 wulf 
 
 5 2 
 
 6 deposed 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 ■ 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 • 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 1 Edmund 
 
 7 I 
 
 8 Osbert 1 
 
 9 Ellal 
 
 10 2 
 
 11 3 
 
 12 4 
 
 13 Ingwar 1 
 or Ivar 
 
 14 the 2 
 Dane 
 
 15 3 
 
 1 Guth- 4 
 rum 
 
 2 the 
 Dane 
 
 3 • 
 
 9Guthredl 
 
 the 
 10 Dane 2 
 
 1 Eoric 13 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 38 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Denmark 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Eric I. 
 
 5 Leo IV. 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Ado, Abp. of Vienne, historian, 
 800— 875 
 
 Photius, Patriarch of Constan- 
 tinople, 'Greek Lexicon,' 
 
 ob. 891 
 
 The Danes ascend the Seine, the Meuse, and the Rhine, and carry on 
 
 their ravages to Treves and Cologne. 
 The Moors persecute the Christians in Spain. 
 
 The Normans obtain possession of several cities in Fratice. 
 
 The Emperor Lothaire dies, Sept. 28 ; King Ethelwulf visits Rome. 
 
 The Normans sail up the Seine to Paris, and pillage and burn the 
 
 churches. 
 The Normans plunder the coasts of Holland. 
 
 The winter this year exceedingly severe, the Adriatic being frozen so as 
 
 to allow carriages passing upon it. 
 The schism of the Greek church begins. 
 
 Michael Bardas, minister to 
 Michael the Sot, ob. 800 
 
 
 
 Jie Child 
 
 1 Benedict 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Nicholas I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 John Scotus Erigena, 
 
 ob. cir. 877 
 
 Anastatius, Bibliothecarius, 
 ' Liber Pontiflcalis,' 
 
 ob. cir. 886 
 
 Ordonno King of Oviedo takes Salamanca by storm. — Louis I., King of 
 Germany, sends missionaries to convert the Sclavonians. 
 
 Edict of Pistes, June ; every castle constructed without license to be 
 
 razed before Aug. 1. — Conversion of Russia to the Greek Church. 
 First naval expedition of the Russians against Constantinople. 
 
 Michael III. put to death by Basil the Macedonian, who succeeds him, 
 
 Sept. 24. 
 Revolt of the Toulonides from the Arabian Caliphat, 868—905. 
 
 VHIth General Council, of Constantinople, Oct. 5— Feb. 28 ; Photius 
 the patriarch deposed, and the Inoclasts anathematized. 
 
 Robert de Fort, minister to 
 Charles the Bald, ob. 807 
 
 Bruern, a magnate in Nor- 
 thumberland 
 
 Ahmed, Saracen governor of 
 Egypt, ob. 883 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 Adrian II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 John VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 — ■ 
 
 Werferth, Bp. of Worcester, 
 ob. 915 
 
 Alfraganus Logista, Arabian 
 astron., ob. cir. 888 
 
 Denewulf, Bishop of Win- 
 chester, ob. 897 
 
 The fortress of Bari taken after four years' siege by the Greeks and 
 
 Franks under Louis. 
 Revolt of the Soffarides from the Arabian Caliphat, 872— 892.— Battle of 
 
 Wilton. — The Danes conquer Mercia. 
 
 Revolt of the Samanides from the Arabian Caliphat, 874—999. 
 
 The Emperor Louis dies, Aug. 2, and is succeeded by Charles the Bald, 
 
 King of France. 
 Charles the Bald defeated at Andernach by Louis of Saxony, Oct. 7. — 
 
 The Danes invade Wessex. 
 Charles the Bald defeated in Italy by Carloman. — He dies, Oct. 6. — 
 
 Alfred establishes a fleet and defeats Guthrum the Dane. 
 Conquest of Sicily by the Arabs. — King Alfred, driven from his throne 
 
 by the Danes, retreats to Athelney. 
 Boson proclaimed King of Aries at Mantaille, Oct. 
 
 King Alfred again defeats the Danes and is restored about this time. 
 
 Hubba the Dane 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 V] 
 
 1 Martin II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Adrian III. 
 1 Stephen V. 
 
 Albategnius, Arabian astron- 
 omer, ob. 929 
 
 Abbe Reginon, historian, 
 
 ob. 908 
 
 Plegmund, Abp.of Canterbury, 
 ob. 923 
 
 Alfonso King of Oviedo defeats the Saracens, under Mahomed, on the 
 Ana. — Charles le Gros crowned Emperor at Rome. 
 
 King Alfred enlarges his navy.— Louis III. of France defeats the Nor- 
 mans on the Loire. — He diesj Aug. 3. 
 
 Emigration of the Turks or Hungarians.— Charles le Gros seizes the 
 throne of France to the prejudice of Charles the Simple. 
 
 Paris besieged by the Northmen for a twelvemonth, but are at length 
 repulsed by the unassisted citizens. 
 
 The Emperor Basil dies, Mar. 1, and is succeeded by Leo the Philosopher. 
 
 Division of the Empire of the West. — Germany a second time separated 
 
 from the Franks. 
 Simeon King of the Bulgarians, 888—927. 
 
 The Bulgarians ravage Greece and defeat the Hungarians sent by Leo 
 
 against them. 
 Rise and progress of the Carmathians, 890 — 951. 
 
 Sigebert the Norman 
 
 Goscelin, Bishop of Pans 
 Zuendebold, Duke of Moravia 
 
 
 Gform the 
 Old 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Formosus 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 [VI. 
 
 1 Boniface 
 i Steph.VI. 
 1 Romanus 
 
 [II. 
 1 Theodorus 
 
 John IX. 
 2 
 
 1 Benedict 
 IV. 
 
 Asser, Bp. of Sherborne, 
 
 ob. 910 
 
 Guy King of Italy crowned Emperor at Rome by Pope Stephen V., 
 
 Feb. 25. — Arnulph defeats the Normans, Sept. 1. 
 Revolt of the Hamadanites from the Arabian Caliphat, 892 — 1001. 
 
 Invasion of Hastings in the Swale. — Charles the Simple crowned, Jan. 28, 
 but is next year obliged by Eudes to retire. 
 
 Hastings repulsed by King Alfred at Exeter.— Guy King of Italy and 
 Emperor dies ; he is succeeded by Lambert, whose imperial title is dis- 
 puted by Arnulph. 
 
 Arnulph crowned Emperor by Pope Formosus, Feb. 27. 
 
 The war terminates in England, and the Danes retire. 
 
 Charles the Simple is recognised as King of France on the death of 
 
 Eudes, Jan. 3. 
 The Emperor Arnulph dies, Dec. 8, and is succeeded by Louis III., the 
 
 last of the Carlov ingian race in Germany. 
 
 Algitrudis, Queen of Italy 
 Hatto, Abp. of Mentz. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A.D. 851—900 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°38* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 15 Pietro Tradonico 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Orso Participazio 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 1 — 
 
 7 
 
 1 Giovanni Partici- 
 
 pazio II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Pietro Candiano 
 
 I. 
 1 Pietro Tribuno 
 
 Tuscany, 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 5 Adalbert 
 
 I. 
 
 6 
 
 1 Adalbert 
 II. 
 
 2 the Rich. 
 Duke and 
 
 3 Marquis 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Burgundy 
 
 3 Richard le 
 
 Justicier 
 2 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Bretagne 
 
 1 Erispoe 
 
 2 
 
 1 Salomon 
 III. 
 
 1 Pasquito 
 de Vannes 
 
 2 and 
 Gurvan 
 
 R de Rennes 
 
 1 Alain III. 
 de Vannes 
 
 2 and 
 Judicael 
 
 3 de Rennes 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Flanders 
 
 1 Baldwin I. 
 Bras de fer 
 
 2 
 
 1 Baldwin 
 
 II. 
 
 2 the Bald 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Hainault 
 
 Dukes 
 of 
 
 Suabia 
 
 1 Regner I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Franconia 
 
 — Hugh 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 1 Conrad I. 
 circa 
 
 1 Leopold 
 
 2 
 
 3 . 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
A.D. 901—950 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL AN 
 
 5614 
 5615 
 5616 
 5617 
 5618 
 5619 
 5620 
 5621 
 5622 
 5623 
 
 5624 
 5625 
 5626 
 5627 
 5628 
 5629 
 5630 
 5631 
 5632 
 5633 
 
 5634 
 5635 
 5636 
 5637 
 5638 
 5639 
 5640 
 5641 
 5642 
 5643 
 
 5644 
 5645 
 5646 
 5647 
 5648 
 5649 
 5650 
 5651 
 5652 
 5653 
 
 5654 
 5655 
 5656 
 5657 
 5658 
 5659 
 5660 
 5661 
 5662 
 5663 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 901 
 902 
 903 
 904 
 905 
 906 
 907 
 908 
 909 
 910 
 
 911 
 912 
 913 
 914 
 91.3 
 916 
 917 
 018 
 919 
 920 
 
 921 
 922 
 923 
 924 
 925 
 926 
 927 
 928 
 929 
 
 gsi 
 
 9-32 
 90S 
 931 
 B8S 
 B96 
 937 
 MB 
 9r/j 
 910 
 
 941 
 942 
 943 
 944 
 945 
 946 
 947 
 948 
 949 
 950 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 16 Leo VI. 
 the Philo- 
 
 17 sopher 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 1 Alexander 
 and Con- 
 
 2 stantine 
 
 VII. 
 
 3Porphyro. 
 
 genitus 
 
 4 Alexander 
 
 ob. 912 
 
 5 
 
 9 Roraanus 
 
 Lecapenus 
 10 Constan- 
 tino VIII. 
 
 18 Stephen & 
 
 Christo- 
 
 19 pher, five 
 emperors 
 
 20 at one time 
 
 21 Christo- 
 pher ob. 
 
 22 
 
 34 Romanus 
 in exile 
 
 35 Constan- 
 ts VII. 
 
 36 restored 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 Caliphs 
 
 of the 
 
 Saracens 
 
 10 Motad- 
 
 hed 
 1 Mohtafi 
 
 3 . 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Mokta- 
 
 der 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 1 Kaker 
 
 2 
 
 1 Radhi 
 
 — Creation 
 of the 
 Emirs 
 al Omra 
 
 and 
 
 Decline 
 
 of the 
 
 Arabian 
 
 Caliphat 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Germany 
 
 3 Louis 
 
 III. 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Conrad I. 
 
 Duke of 
 
 2 Franco- 
 
 nia 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 " 
 
 1 Henry I. 
 
 the 
 
 2 Fowler 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Otho I. 
 
 the 
 
 2 Great 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Bohemia 
 
 12 Borzivoi 
 
 1 Spitig- 
 neus I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Wratis- 
 
 las I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Wences- 
 
 lasl. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 I. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 lOLesko 
 IV. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Ziemo- 
 raislas 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Italy 
 
 2 Louis 
 
 crowned 
 
 3 emperor 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Berenger 
 
 again 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ■ 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 11 crowned 
 emperor 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Rodolf 
 
 King of 
 
 2 Burgun- 
 
 dy 
 
 lHugh 
 Count de 
 
 2 Provence 
 
 3 
 
 4 , 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Lothaire 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 Berenger 
 & Adalbt. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 9 Charles 
 III. the 
 
 10 Simple 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 — !», 
 
 ■a 
 c 
 
 ]jj « 
 
 g 
 
 16-| 
 
 17 — o 
 
 I 
 
 18 — g 
 
 Burgundy 
 
 Aries 
 
 14 Rodolf I. 
 Louis 12 
 
 15 the 13 
 Blind 
 
 16 — 14 
 
 17 — 15 
 
 18 — 16 
 
 19 — 17 
 
 20 — 18 
 
 21 — 19 
 
 22 — 20 
 
 23 — 21 
 
 19 Rollo 1 
 
 20 — 
 
 21 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 24 — 
 
 25 — 
 
 26 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 -i> 
 
 11 
 
 1 Robert 12 
 
 I. 
 
 lRodolfl3 
 
 Duke of 
 
 2 Bur- 14 
 gundy 
 
 3 — 15 
 
 4 — 16 
 
 5 Wm. 1. 1 
 
 Long 
 
 6 Sword 2 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 1 Louis 10 
 IV.the 
 
 2 Stran- 11 
 
 ger 
 
 3 12 
 
 8 Richd. 1 
 
 I. the 
 
 9 Fear- 2 
 
 less 
 3 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 IS — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 1 Rodolf 22 
 
 II. 
 
 2 — 23 
 
 3 — 24 
 
 4 — 25 
 
 5 — 26 
 
 6 — 27 
 
 7 — 28 
 
 8 — 29 
 
 9 — 30 
 10 — 31 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Navarre Oviedo Cordova 
 
 ISancho 
 Garcia 
 
 2 
 
 3 — - 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 23 King of 
 
 Aries, — 
 
 24 Burgun- 
 
 dy and 
 25Provence 
 
 united 
 26 
 
 1 Conrad 
 
 the 
 
 2 Pacific 
 second 
 
 3 King of 
 
 Aries 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Garcia 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 36 Alfon- 
 so III. 
 
 37 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Garcia 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 lOrdon- 
 no II. 
 
 2 K. of 
 Leon 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Froila 
 II. 
 
 1 Alfon- 
 so IV. 
 
 2 the 
 Monk 
 
 3 
 
 1 Rami- 
 roll. 
 
 2 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 14 Abdal 
 
 lah 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Abde- 
 
 rah- 
 
 2 man 
 
 III. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 Ordon- 
 no III. 
 
 ■a Kings 
 t of 
 
 1 Edward 
 
 Don; 
 
 2 
 
 4 Consta 
 
 tine I] 
 
 5 • 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 Ath el- 
 
 stan 
 
 2 
 
 1 Edmund 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 4 Malcoln 
 
 I. 
 
 5 
 
 lEdred 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 - 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 39 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Denmark 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Gorm 
 the Old 
 
 2 Benedict 
 
 IV. 
 
 3 
 
 lLeo V. 
 
 1 Christoph. 
 lSergiuslII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 Louis, son of Boson, King of Aries, causes himself to be crowned Em- 
 peror of the West by Pope Benedict IV., Feb. 12. 
 The Huns invade Italy, and are defeated by Berenger. 
 
 Second naval expedition of the Russians against Constantinople. — 
 Berenger defeats Louis, son of Boson, whom he deprives of sight, and 
 sends back to Provence. 
 
 The Normans make themselves masters of Cotentin and Maine, and 
 ravage Bretagne, Picardy, and Champagne. 
 
 Burc.hardt Landgrave of Thuringia defeated by the Hungarians ; dying 
 without issue, the Emperor Louis gives his territories to Otho Duke of 
 Saxony. 
 
 Prince Ethelward, grandson to 
 
 Alfred, ob. 905 
 
 Himerius, general to Leo VI. 
 
 Elfleda, daughter to Alfred, 
 
 ob. 918 
 Mahomed, general to Mohtaii 
 
 I 
 
 Theodora, Roman courtesan 
 
 Robert Count de Paris, ob. 923 
 
 Marozia, mistress to Sergius 
 III. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Anastatius 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Lando 
 1 John X. 
 
 s. 
 V 
 
 Otho Duke of Saxony declines the Imperial crown, which is accepted 
 by Conrad Duke of Franconia, as King of Germany. — Rollo the Nor- 
 man converted to Christianity, and created Duke of Normandy. 
 
 Ordonno King of Leon defeats Abderahman, and takes Talavera by 
 
 storm. 
 Berenger causes himself to be crowned Emperor by Pope John X. — The 
 
 last Imperial coronation in the West till A.D. 9G2. 
 Ordonno King of Leon defeats Abderahman at St. Peter de Gormuz. 
 
 Death of Conrad, Dec. 23, and election of Henry the Fowler as King of 
 
 Germany. 
 Romanus Lecapenus usurps the imperial power. 
 
 The Moors defeat the Christians in Spain. 
 
 Empress Zoe 
 
 Phocas, general to Constan- 
 tine, ob. 919 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kudes de Cluni, ob. 942 
 
 Ordonno King of Leon defeated at Val Junquera, and the Bishops of 
 
 Salamanca and Tuy taken prisoners. 
 Battle of Placentia, in which Berenger is defeated by Rodolf King of 
 
 Burgundy. 
 
 Pavia reduced to ashes by the Hungarians, March 12.— Berenger the 
 Emperor assassinated at Verona. 
 
 Henry the Fowler appoints margraves or marquises to defend the fron- 
 tiers of the empire. 
 
 Hugh Count de Provence elected King of Italy. 
 
 Abdication of Rollo Duke of Normandy in favour of William Long- 
 sword. 
 The Imperial throne in the East is now occupied by five emperors. 
 
 Mecca pillaged by the Carmanthian, Abu Taher. — Charles the Simple 
 dies a prisoner in the castle of Perronne, Oct. 7. 
 
 Hugh the Great, minister to 
 Rodolph I. ob. 956 
 
 Herbert Count de Verman- 
 dois, ob. 943 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Leo VI. 
 
 1 Stephen 
 
 VII. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 John XI. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Azophi, Arabian astronomer 
 
 Luitprand, Bp. of Cremona, 
 
 History of his own Times,' 
 
 ob. 970 
 
 Revolt of Alberic against Hugh King of Italy. — Death of Rollo Duke of 
 
 Normandy about this time. 
 Revolt of theBowides from the Arabian Caliphat. 933 — 1055. 
 
 Battle of Mersberg ; the Hungarians defeated by Henry the Fowler. — 
 
 Revolt of the Ikshidites from the Arabian Caliphat, 934—968. 
 Rodolf King of France dies ; and is next year succeeded by Louis the 
 
 Stranger. 
 Fallen state of the Caliphs of Bagdad under the control of the Emirs al 
 
 Omra. — Henry the Fowler succeeded by Otho I. 
 Invasion by Anlaff in the Humber. — He is defeated at Brunanburgh by 
 
 Athelstan. 
 Ramiro King of Leon defeats Abderahman at Simances, Aug. 6, and 
 
 again at Salamanca. 
 
 Alberic, son of Marozia, Go- 
 vernor of Rome, ob. 954 
 
 
 
 
 Harald II. 
 
 Blue-tooth 
 
 1 Leo VII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Stephen 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 Martin III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Agapetus 
 II. 
 
 Odo, Abp. of Canterbury, 
 
 ob. 9G1 
 
 Alfarabius, Arabian philoso- 
 pher, ' De Intelligentiis,' 
 
 ob. 950 
 
 Third naval expedition of the Russians against Constantinople. 
 The Eastern Emperors take possession of the kingdom of Naples. 
 
 Romanus Lecapenus driven by his sons into exile. 
 
 The Emperors Stephen and ConstantineVIII. exiled, the one to Lesbos, 
 the other to Samothrace. — Constantine VII. reigns alone. 
 
 Death of Romanus Lecapenus, July 15. 
 
 The Emperor Otho defeats the Sclavonians, and makes Boleslas Duke 
 of Bohemia tributary. 
 
 Turketul, Lord Chancellor 
 Buzun the Turk 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
A.D. 901—950 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 39* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 14 Pietro Tribuno 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 Orso Participazio 
 II. 
 
 so 
 
 Tuscany, 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 12 Adalbert 
 
 II. 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Pietro Candiano 
 II. 
 
 4 1 
 
 5 
 
 6 ■ — 
 
 7 
 
 1 Pietro Badoardo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pietro Candiano 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Guy, 
 Duke 
 
 1 Lambert, 
 
 Duke 
 
 2 
 
 1 Boson, 
 Marquis 
 
 i Hubert, 
 Duke 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 1 Aledran 
 
 circa 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Burgundy 
 
 1 Rodolph 
 
 2 
 
 1 Giselbert 
 
 2 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Bretagne 
 
 25 Alain III. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 29 . 
 
 30 
 
 IGurmallion 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 Hugh Blk. 
 
 1 Hugh the 
 
 2 Great 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Flanders 
 
 23 Baldwin 
 
 II. 
 
 24 
 
 1 Berenger 
 de Ren nes 
 
 1 Alain IV. 
 de Vanncs 
 
 39 
 
 1 Arnolph 
 
 I. and 
 
 2 Baldwin 
 
 III. 
 
 3 
 
 a Counts S 
 
 ~ ~ 
 
 1 of g> 
 
 35 fe 
 
 27 Regner I. 
 
 28 
 
 Dukes 'a 
 
 o 
 
 of g 
 
 1 Regner II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 Thierry 1 
 I. 
 
 1 Regnerlll. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 . 
 
 7 
 
 Conrad — 
 I. 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 7 Leopold 
 
 Eberhard 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 S 
 
 7 
 
 1 Burch- 
 ardt 
 
 1 Arnolph 
 the Bad 
 
 2 
 
 1 Herman 15 
 
 I. 
 
 2 16 
 
 14 Conrad 1 
 
 II. 
 
 15 2 
 
 lti 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 lLudolphll 
 2 13 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 . 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 1 Eberhard 
 
 2 . 
 
 1 Henry I. 
 
 the Quar. 
 
 2 reller 
 
A.D. 951—1000 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 ■3 
 5 
 
 B 
 
 i 
 
 1 i i 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 951 
 
 5664 
 
 5665 
 
 952 
 
 5666 
 
 953 
 
 5667 
 
 954 
 
 5668 
 
 955 
 
 5669 
 
 956 
 
 5670 
 
 957 
 
 5671 
 
 958 
 
 5672 
 
 959 
 
 5673 
 
 960 
 
 5674 
 
 961 
 
 5675 
 
 962 
 
 5676 
 
 963 
 
 5677 
 
 964 
 
 5678 
 
 965 
 
 5679 
 
 966 
 
 5680 
 
 967 
 
 5681 
 
 968 
 
 5682 
 
 969 
 
 5683 
 
 970 
 971 
 
 5684 
 
 5685 
 
 972 
 
 5686 
 
 973 
 
 5687 
 
 974 
 
 5688 
 
 975 
 
 5689 
 
 976 
 
 5690 
 
 977 
 
 5691 
 
 978 
 
 5692 
 
 979 
 
 5693 
 
 980 
 981 
 
 5694 
 
 5695 
 
 982 
 
 5696 
 
 983 
 
 5697 
 
 984 
 
 5698 
 
 985 
 
 5699 
 
 986 
 
 5700 
 
 987 
 
 5701 
 
 988 
 
 5702 
 
 989 
 
 5703 
 
 990 
 991 
 
 5704 
 
 5705 
 
 992 
 
 5706 
 
 993 
 
 5707 
 
 994 
 
 5708 
 
 995 
 
 5709 
 
 996 
 
 5710 
 
 997 
 
 5711 
 
 998 
 
 .5712 
 
 999 
 
 5713 
 
 1000 
 
 1 Romanus 
 
 1L 
 
 2 
 
 1 Nicephorus 
 II. Phocas 
 
 2 
 
 1 John- 
 Zimisces 
 
 2 Basil II. 
 r.nd Con. 
 
 3 stantine 
 IX. 
 
 1 Basil II. 
 
 and 
 
 2 Constan- 
 tine IX. 
 
 3 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Germany 
 
 16 Otho I. 
 
 the 
 
 17 Great 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27crowned 
 emperor 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Italy 
 
 2 Beren- 
 ger II. 
 
 3 and 
 Adal- 
 
 4 bert 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 — Conq. by 
 Otho 
 
 Berenger 
 ob. 
 
 Adalbert 
 ob. 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 1 Otho II. the Bloody 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Otho III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 * 
 
 Stephen I. 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Bohemia 
 
 16 Boleslas 
 
 I. 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 ■ 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 
 II. 
 21eDebon- 
 
 naire 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 39 Ziemo- 
 mislas 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 43 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 1 Miecis. 
 
 las I. 
 
 2 Duke 
 
 3 ■ 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 
 I. King 
 
 2 the Lion 
 Hearted 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 16LouisIV. 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Lothaire 
 
 29 
 
 30 . 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 1 Louis V. 
 
 leFain. 
 lHugh 
 Capet 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 Robert 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Wise 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Aries 
 
 15 Conrad 
 
 the 
 
 16 Pacific 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 1 Rodolf 
 
 III. le 
 
 2 Fainant 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Navarre Leon Cordova 
 
 26 Garcia 
 
 1. 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 40 — 
 
 41 — 
 
 42 — 
 
 43 — 
 
 44 — 
 
 ISancho 
 IL 
 
 2Abarca 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Garcia 
 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 ■ ■ 
 
 1 Sancho 
 III. 
 
 20rdon- 
 no III. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Sancho 
 I. 
 
 2 the Fat 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Rami- 
 ro III. 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 IBermu. 
 
 doll. 
 2 the 
 
 Gouty 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Alfon- 
 so V. 
 
 2 
 
 40 Abde- 
 
 rah- 
 
 41 man 
 III. 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 lAlha- 
 cam 
 
 2 IL 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Hash- 
 em II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Normandy 
 
 9 Richard 
 I. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 1 Richard 
 
 II. 
 
 2 the Good 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 40 
 
 POPES 
 
 6 Agapetus 
 
 II. 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 John XII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Leo VIII. 
 
 1 Benedict 
 
 V. 
 1 John XIII. 
 
 Benedict 
 VI. 
 
 Bonif. VII. 
 
 DomnusII. 
 
 Benedict 
 
 VII. 
 
 1 John XIV. 
 1 John XV. 
 
 1 John XVI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 • 
 
 1 Gregory V. 
 
 and 
 
 2 John 
 XVII.? 
 
 3 
 
 1 Silvester 
 II. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Rhazes Abubeker, Arabian 
 physician, ob. aet. 80, 932 
 
 Ethelwold, Bp. of Winchester, 
 ' the benevolent bishop,' 
 
 ob. 984 
 
 Geber of Seville, philosopher 
 and astronomer 
 
 Oswald, Abp. of York, ob. 992 
 
 Abbo, monk of Fleury, favour- 
 ite of K. Ethelred, ob. 1004 
 
 Bridferth of Ramsey, com- 
 mentator on Bede 
 
 Albirunius^ Arabian geograph, 
 
 Aimon, Abbot of Fleury, his- 
 torian, ob. 1008 
 
 JElfric, Bp. of Crediton 
 
 T 
 
 jElfric ' the grammarian,' Abp. 
 of Canterbury, ob. 1006 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Otho drives Berenger II. and Adalbert his son out of Italy, at the in- 
 stance of Adelaide, widow of Lothaire. — Otho marries Adelaide. 
 
 Louis the Stranger, King of France, dies, Sept. 10. 
 
 Battle of Augsburg gained by Otho over the Hungarians. — Baptism of 
 
 the Princess Olga, the era of Christianity in Russia. 
 Hugh the Great, father of Hugh Capet, dies, June 16. 
 
 Otho defeats the Sclavonians in Saxony. 
 
 Constantine VII. poisoned by his daughter-in-law, Theophania. 
 
 Reduction of Crete by Nicephorus Phocas.— Hugh Capet created Duke 
 of France by Lothaire. 
 
 Otho crowned King of Italy, Nov. 
 
 Union of the crowns of Germany and Italy. — Otho I. crowned Emperor 
 of the West by John XII., Feb. 9. 
 
 Romanus II. dies, Mar. 15, and is succeeded by Nicephorus Phocas. — 
 Defection of Pope John from Otho. 
 
 Revolt in Rome in favour of Pope John, who dies, May 14.— Otho re- 
 takes Rome, June 23. 
 
 Conquest of Cilicia by Nicephorus Phocas.— Christianity introduced into 
 
 Poland about this time. 
 Otho demands the hand of Theodora, daughter-in-law of Nicephorus, for 
 
 his son, which leads to war. 
 The Normans make a descent in Gallicia, and advance to Compostella. 
 
 Nicephorus IL assassinated at the instigation also of Theophania ; John 
 Zimisces succeeds, with Basil II. and Constantine VII. as his coL 
 leagues. 
 
 The Bulgarians defeated by Bardas Sclerus, and their empire terminated, 
 
 Marriage of the Princess Theodora, daughter of Romanus II., to the 
 
 eldest son of Otho. 
 Otho the Great dies, Aug., aet. 61. 
 
 John Zimisces dies, Jan. 10, suspected by poison. — His colleagues, Basil 
 
 and Constantine, retain the empire. 
 Otho IL subdues the Bohemians. 
 
 The possession of Lorraine becomes a subject of warlike contention be- 
 tween Otho and Lothaire, King of France. 
 
 Otho II. defeated at Basentello. — Apulia and Calabria recovered by the 
 Emperors of the East. 
 
 Otho II. massacres his chief nobility at an entertainment to which he had 
 
 invited them. 
 Otho II. defeated by the Greeks and Saracens in Calabria, July 13. 
 
 Death of Otho the Bloody, Dec. 7, who is succeeded by his son, Otho III. 
 in his minority. 
 
 Death of Louis le Faineant, and termination of the Carlovingian dynasty 
 
 in France, May 21. 
 Marriage of Wlodomir of Russia to the Princess Anne, daughter of 
 
 Romanus II. 
 
 The Saracens under Almanzor take Leon by assault, and ravage Gal- 
 licia. 
 
 The Arabian figures in arithmetic, according to some, introduced into 
 Europe from Spain about this time. 
 
 Sweyn and Olaus, Kings of Denmark and Norway, sail up the Thames 
 
 with ninety-four vessels. 
 Don Bermudo defeated by Almanzor on the banks of the Ezla. 
 
 The Doge of Venice takes the title of Duke of Venice and Dalmatia. 
 
 Revolt and execution of the Consul Crescentius.— The Saracens defeated 
 by Don Bermudo at Osma. 
 
 Hungary created a kingdom in favour of Stephen, son of Geisa. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Matilda, mother of Otho, 
 
 ob. 973 
 
 Dunstan, Abp. of Canterbury, 
 925—988 
 Earl Ethelwold, minister to 
 Edgar 
 
 ^lfric, Duke of Mercia, 
 
 ob. 983 
 
 Bardas Sclerus, minister to 
 
 John Zimisces, ob. 986 
 
 Empress Theophania, ob. 991 
 
 Crescentius, tyrant of Rome, 
 
 ob. 998 
 Phocas, Eastern general 
 
 Geoffrey Grisegonelle, ob. 987 
 
 Bouchard, Count de Melun, 
 minister to Hugh Capet, 
 
 ob. 1012 
 
 
A.D. 951—1000 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 40* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 VENICE 
 
 10 Pietro Candiano 
 
 III. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Pietro Candiano 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pietro Orseolo I. 
 
 1 Vitale Candiano 
 
 1 Tribuno Memmo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pietro Orseolo II 
 
 Tuscany, 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 16 Hubert 
 
 17 
 
 1 Hugh the 
 
 Great 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 14 Aledr3ii 
 
 15 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 1 William I 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 . 
 
 6 
 
 3 Dukes S 
 
 Counts cq 
 
 14 Hugh 
 
 Alain 15 
 
 15 Drogo 1 
 
 16 Hoel IV. 1 
 
 de 
 
 17 Nantes 2 
 
 18 
 
 1 Otho 
 q 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5* 
 
 1 Henry 13 
 I. the 
 
 2 Great 14 
 
 16 Guerec 1 
 de 
 
 17 Nantes 2 
 
 23 Conan 1 
 
 I.de 
 
 24 Rennes 2 
 
 5 H 
 
 Z Dukes _:' 
 
 34 Arnolph I. 
 
 and 
 
 35 Baldwin 
 
 III. 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 42 Godfrey 1 
 
 I 
 
 43 2 
 
 44 Baldwin 3 
 
 ob. 
 
 45 4 
 
 46 5 
 
 47 Godfrey 1 
 
 II. 
 
 1 Arnolph 2 
 
 II. le 
 
 2 Jeune 
 
 12 Charles 1 
 
 of 
 
 13 Fiance 2 
 
 1 Baldwin 14 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Bearded 15 
 
 27 5 
 
 28 Geoffrey 1 
 
 I. 
 
 29 Duke of 2 
 Bretagne 
 
 30 3 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Luxemburg 
 
 1 Sigefrid 
 
 'J7 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 — 
 
 32 — 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 Hainault 
 Friesland 
 
 20 Regner I. 
 
 Thierry— 
 
 21 1. 
 
 22 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 1 Richer 
 
 Thierry 1 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 — Garner 10 
 
 & Rainald 
 
 1 Godfrey 11 
 the Old 
 
 2 and 12 
 
 Arnolph 
 3 13 
 
 4 14 
 
 5 15 
 
 6 16 
 
 7 17 
 
 8 18 
 
 9 19 
 
 10 20 
 
 11 21 
 
 12 22 
 
 13 23 
 
 14 24 
 
 15 25 
 
 16 Arno'ph 1 
 the 
 
 17 Great 2 
 
 18 3 
 
 9 4 
 
 20 5 
 
 21 6 
 
 22 7 
 
 23 8 
 
 24 9 
 
 25 10 
 
 1 Regner 11 
 IV. 
 
 2 12 
 
 Dukes c 
 
 o 
 of c 
 
 3 Ludolph 
 
 Conrad 13 
 
 4 II. 14 
 
 1 Burch- 16 
 ardt II. 
 
 2 Otho 1 
 
 18 17 
 
 19 18 
 
 1 Otho I. 19 
 
 2 20 
 
 3 21 
 
 4 22 
 
 5 23 
 
 6 24 
 
 7 25 
 
 8 26 
 
 1 Conrad 28 
 I. 
 
 1 Herman 43 
 
 II. 
 
 2 44 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 10 Henry the 
 Quarreller 
 
 1 Henry II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 1 Henry III. 
 
 Dukes « 
 
 16 Otho II. 
 
 Conrad 8 
 
 17 the Red 9 
 
 Bruno 1 
 A op. of 
 Colog- 2 
 
 24 Frederic 1 
 I. 
 1 Herman. 2 
 Billing 
 
 1 Bernard 15 
 
 I. 
 
 2 16 
 
 3 - - 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 12 Thierry 1 
 
 I. 
 
 13 - 
 
A.D. 1001— 1050 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 •d 
 
 .2 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 c 
 a 
 
 < 
 
 5714 
 
 1001 
 
 5715 
 
 1002 
 
 5716 
 
 1003 
 
 5717 
 
 1004 
 
 5718 
 
 1005 
 
 5719 
 
 1006 
 
 5720 
 
 1007 
 
 5721 
 
 1008 
 
 5722 
 
 1009 
 
 5723 
 
 1010 
 1011 
 
 5724 
 
 5725 
 
 1012 
 
 5726 
 
 1013 
 
 5727 
 
 1014 
 
 5728 
 
 1015 
 
 5729 
 
 1016 
 
 5730 
 
 1017 
 
 5731 
 
 1018 
 
 5732 
 
 1019 
 
 5733 
 
 1020 
 
 5734 
 
 1021 
 
 5735 
 
 1022 
 
 5736 
 
 1023 
 
 5737 
 
 1024 
 
 5738 
 
 1025 
 
 5739 
 
 1026 
 
 5740 
 
 1027 
 
 5741 
 
 1028 
 
 5742 
 
 1029 
 
 5743 
 
 1030 
 
 5744 
 
 1031 
 
 5745 
 
 1032 
 
 5716 
 
 1033 
 
 5747 
 
 1034 
 
 5748 
 
 1035 
 
 5749 
 
 1036 
 
 5750 
 
 1037 
 
 5751 
 
 1038 
 
 5752 
 
 1039 
 
 5753 
 
 1010 
 
 5754 
 
 1041 
 
 5755 
 
 1042 
 
 5756 
 
 1043 
 
 5757 
 
 1044 
 
 5758 
 
 1045 
 
 5759 
 
 1046 
 
 5760 
 
 1017 
 
 5761 
 
 1048 
 
 5762 
 
 10 19 
 
 5763 
 
 1050 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 26 Basil II. 
 and Con- 
 
 27 stantine 
 
 IX. 
 
 50 Constan- 
 
 ti ne 
 
 51 alone 
 
 52 
 
 1 Roman us 
 
 III. 
 
 2 Argyrus 
 
 1 Michael 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Paphla- 
 
 gonian 
 
 3 
 
 1 Michael V. 
 Calaphates 
 
 1 Zoe and 
 Constan. 
 
 2 tine X. 
 Monoma- 
 
 3 chus 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany. 
 
 19 0thoIII. 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Lame 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 • 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Conrad 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Salique 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Henrv 
 
 III. the 
 
 2 Black 
 
 £* Kings 2 
 
 ■ *c 
 
 bo — 
 3 | 
 
 X K.andD.a 
 
 2 Stephen 
 Boles. III. 3 
 
 3 Jaro- 1 
 
 mir 
 4 2 
 
 5 ■ 3 
 
 6 4 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 9 7 
 
 10 8 
 
 11 9 
 
 12 10 
 
 13 Udalric 1 
 
 14 2 
 
 15 3 
 
 16 4 
 
 17 5 
 
 18 6 
 
 19 7 
 
 20 8 
 
 21 9 
 
 22 10 
 
 23 11 
 
 24 ■ 12 
 
 25 13 
 
 26 14 
 
 27 15 
 
 28 16 
 
 29 17 
 
 30 18 
 
 31 19 
 
 32 20 
 
 33 21 
 
 34 22 
 
 35 23 
 
 36 24 
 
 37 25 
 
 38 Bretis. 1 
 las I. 
 
 1 Peter 2 
 
 the 
 
 2 German 3 
 
 3 4 
 
 1 Aba or 5 
 Owen 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 1 Peter 8 
 
 again 
 2 9 
 
 3 10 
 
 1 Andrew 11 
 
 I. 
 
 2 12 
 
 3 13 
 
 4 14 
 
 Poland. 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 10 Boleslas 
 
 I. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 1 Miecis- 
 
 las II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Richense 
 
 regent 
 
 2 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Casimir 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Pacific 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 6 Robert 
 II. the 
 
 7 Wise 
 
 1 Henry I, 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Aries 
 
 9 Rodolf 
 III. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 28 Bero- 1 
 aid 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 — 
 
 32 — 
 
 33 — 
 
 34 — 
 
 35 Humb- 1 
 
 ert the 
 
 36 White2 
 
 Hand 
 
 37 — 3 
 
 38 — 4 
 
 39 — 5 
 
 — Leaves 6 
 his king, 
 domto 7 
 Conrad 
 
 the 8 
 Salique 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 c — 12 
 
 c 
 ■ 
 ■C 13 
 
 B 
 
 S — 14 
 
 15 Hum- 
 bert 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Ama- 
 deus I. 
 
 2 Longtail 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Leon 
 
 Cordova 
 
 2 Sancho 
 
 III. 
 
 3 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 1 Garcia 
 IIL 
 
 3 Alfonso V. 
 
 1 Bermudo 
 III. 
 2 
 
 • 3 
 
 1 4 
 
 13 
 
 2W 10 
 
 3 SL Leon 
 uconq. 
 4' by 4 
 
 Cas- 
 5 tile 5 
 
 26 Hash em 
 
 IL 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 33 ■ 
 
 Ted II. 
 
 lMahom- 
 lSuleim. 
 1 Mahom- 
 ed II. 
 
 2 Hash em 
 
 II. 
 
 3 again 
 
 1 Sulei- 
 man 
 
 2 again 
 
 1 Mota- 
 wakel 
 
 lAbderah 
 man IV. 
 
 1 Alcas- 
 sim 
 
 lYahia- 
 Almo- 
 2 tadi 
 
 lAbderah 
 man V. 
 
 1 Yahia- 
 Almo- 
 
 2 tadi 
 
 lHashem 
 III. 
 
 I 5 
 
 Gehwar 1 
 ben Ma- 
 homed 2 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Mahom- 1 
 
 ed ben 
 Gehwar 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Dukes 
 of 
 
 Normandy 
 
 6 Richard 
 
 II. the 
 
 7 Good 
 
 SO 
 
 1 Richard 
 III. 
 
 1 Robert 
 
 Lie 
 
 2 Diable 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 William 
 II. the 
 
 2 Bastard 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
[STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°41 
 
 Kings 
 
 of -a 
 
 
 CO 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Apulia 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 weyn I. 
 Olaf- 1 
 
 Skotko- 2 
 nung 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 3 Silvester 
 
 IL 
 
 4 
 
 UohnXVII. 
 Uohn 
 
 2 XVIII. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 Sergius IV. 
 
 2 
 
 Avicenna of Bochara, physi- 
 cian, /\ 980—1036 
 
 Wulfstan, Abp. of York, ' Ser- 
 mo Lupi ad Anglos,' ob. 1023 
 
 Mesue, Arabian physician 
 
 A 
 
 Massacre of the Danes by Ethelred. — Otho III. poisoned 
 by the widow of Crescentius. 
 
 The Emperor Henry marches into Italy, and subdues his 
 
 rival, Ardouin Marquis of Ivrea. 
 Boleslas I., King of Poland, siezes Cracow, and treats the 
 
 Duke of Bohemia with great cruelty. — He marches 
 
 into Bohemia. 
 
 Sweyn desists from his revenge on payment of 36,000 
 pounds of silver 
 
 A civil war breaks out among the Saracens in Spain, and 
 continues till 1094. 
 
 Melenda Gonzales, regent of 
 Leon 
 
 Ulnoth Thane of Sussex 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 anute 14 
 II. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 Benedict 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 Cynewulf, Bp. of Winchester, 
 Anglo Saxon poet, ob. 10UH 
 
 Invasion of Thurchill, who sells his friendship and ser- 
 vices for 48,000 pounds. 
 
 Last invasion of Sweyn. — Flight of Ethelred. 
 
 Death of Sweyn. — Extensive inundation of the sea in 
 
 Flanders, Sept. 28. 
 Invasion of England by Canute. 
 
 Five battles in seven months between Canute and Ed- 
 mund Ironside.— Death of Edmund. 
 
 The Normans first enter Italy. — The Russians break into 
 Poland, but are repelled by Boleslas I. 
 
 The Bulgarians defeated by the Emperor Basil, and re- 
 duced to a province of the empire. 
 
 Edric, minister to Ethelred, 
 
 ob. 1017 
 Brithric, English admiral 
 
 Uthred Earl of Northumber- 
 land, nb. 1016 
 
 Agelnoth Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, ob. 1038 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 Ddraund 1 
 
 Colbren- 
 
 ner 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 1 John XIX. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 Guy Aretino, musician 
 Campanus of Novarro, astron. 
 
 Rodolf King of Aries being dethroned by his subjects, 
 
 is restored by the Emperor Henry. 
 Death of the Emperor Henry II., July 13, art. 52. 
 
 The Emperor Basil dies, Dec.; Constantine, his col- 
 league, retains the empire. 
 
 Birth of William the Conqueror. 
 
 The Emperor Constantine IX. dies, Nov. 12, and is suc- 
 ceeded by Romanus Argyrus. 
 Foundation of Aversa in Naples by the Normans. 
 
 Canute performs a pilgrimage to Rome. — The Emperor 
 Romanus defeated by the Saracens, April 13. 
 
 Eudes Count de Chartres, 
 minister to Robert I. 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 
 Glaber of Clugni, historian, 
 ' Chronicle of France,' 
 
 ob. post 1045 
 
 The Emperor Romanus drives the Saracens out of Syria. 
 
 Rodolf King of Aries dies ; he bequeaths his dominions 
 to Conrad the Salique. 
 
 Romanus III. poisoned by his empress, Zoe, who mar- 
 ries Michael IV., whom she raises to the throne. 
 
 Death of Sancho the Great of Navarre, and establishment 
 ol the kingdoms of Castile and Arragon. 
 
 Battle of Bar le Due by Conrad over Eudes Count of 
 
 Champagne, Sept. 17. 
 Reign of Togrul Beg, 1038— 1063.— He defeats the Gasne- 
 
 vides, and subdues Persia. 
 Conrad the Salique dies, June 4, and is succeeded by 
 
 Henry the Black. 
 
 John, brother to Michael IV. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 Benedict 
 IX. 
 
 10 
 
 anute 11 
 III. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 la 
 ]( 
 
 a 
 
 16 
 
 ?nus 17 
 Good 
 lg of 18 
 rwav 
 
 ' 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 jyn 22 
 I. 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 1 William 
 
 I. 
 2Bras-de-fer 
 
 3 
 
 1 Drogo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Gregory 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Clement 
 II. 
 
 Hermannus ' Contractus ' of 
 Suabia, mathematician and 
 chronologer 
 
 Franco of Liege, mathemat. 
 
 Hereman, Bp. of Sherborne, 
 ob. 1077 
 
 Michael IV. dies, Dec. 10 ; his cousin, Michael Calaphates, 
 is placed by the empress Zoe on the throne. 
 
 Calaphates dethroned by Zoe, who marries Constantine 
 Monomachus, and raises him to the throne. 
 
 The Normans conquer Apulia from the Greeks, 1043. — 
 Fourth naval expedition of the Russians against Con- 
 stantinople 
 
 The Emperor Henry deposes three Popes at the Council of 
 Sutrium, and is crowned, Dec. 25, by Pope Clement II. 
 
 The Emperor Constantine makes war in Media. 
 
 League of Pope Leo IX. and the two Emperors against 
 the Normans in Sicily. 
 
 Godwin Earl of Kent, ob. 1053 
 
 George Manasses, tyrant in 
 the East 
 
 Siward, Earl of Northumber- 
 land, ob. 1055 
 
 Leo Tomitius, tyrant in the 
 East 
 
 Leofric Duke of Mercia, 
 
 ob. 1057 
 
 I 
 
 [H. 
 
 1 Damasus 
 
 1 Leo IX. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 the Genoese subdue Sardinia 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A.D. 1001—1050 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 41* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 op 
 VENICE 
 
 11 Pietro Orseolo II. 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Ottone Orseolo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pietro Barbolano 
 
 1 Domenico Flaba- 
 naco 
 
 10 ■ 
 
 11 
 
 1 Domenico Conta- 
 
 rijii I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 Tuscany, 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 Etc. 
 
 1 Adalbert 
 III. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 Rinaldo 
 Duke and 
 
 2 Marquis 
 
 1 Boniface 
 
 II. 
 
 2 the Pious 
 Duke and 
 
 3 Marquis 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 7 William I. 
 
 •g Dukes g 
 
 » of I 
 
 I a 
 
 a ■ n 
 
 37 Henry 
 
 Geofi'reylO 
 
 38 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 ■ 16 
 
 Alain V. 1 
 
 1 Henry 
 II. 
 
 1 Robert 25 
 
 I. 
 
 2 the Old 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 ■ 31 
 
 32 
 
 Conan 1 
 II. 
 
 2 Counts -g 
 
 I o 
 
 £ Dukes ,4 
 
 13 Baldw. IV. 
 
 Otho 1 
 
 14 2 
 
 17 Godfrey 1 
 
 HI. 
 
 18 - 
 
 35 Gothelon 1 
 
 the 
 
 36 Great 2 
 
 1 Baldwin 14 
 
 V. le 
 
 2 Debon- 15 
 
 naire 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 17 
 
 5 18 
 
 8 Godfrey 1 
 
 IV. the 
 
 9 Hardy 2 
 
 10 3 
 
 11 4 
 
 12 5 
 
 13 Frederic 1 
 
 of 
 
 14 Luxem- 2 
 
 burg 
 
 15 3 
 
 4 Frederic I. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 Albert 1 
 II. 
 
 10 2 
 
 1 Gilbert 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 - 29 
 - — - 30 
 
 31 
 
 Albert 1 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 S Counts » 
 
 14 Amolph 
 
 Hegner 4 
 
 15 IV. 5 
 
 1 Thierry 6 
 
 III. of 
 
 2 Jerusa. 7 
 
 lem 
 
 3 8 
 
 11 Regner 1 
 V. 
 
 28 Rechila, 1 
 Herman 
 
 29 andBald-2 
 
 win I. 
 
 30 deMons3 
 
 31 - 
 
 32 - 
 
 33 - 
 
 34 - 
 
 35 - 
 
 36 - 
 
 1 Thierry 10 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 11 
 
 1 Florence 20 
 
 I. of 
 2Holland 21 
 
 Dukes •£ 
 
 o 
 of g 
 
 5 Hermann. 
 
 Otho 47 
 
 6 48 
 
 7 49 
 
 [III. 
 1 Herman 
 Conrad 1 
 III. 2 
 
 8 Conrad 1 
 IV. 
 
 1 Ernest 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ernest 
 II. 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 1 Herman 20 
 IV. and 
 
 : Conrad 21 
 II. 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 I. 
 
 2 Empe- 
 
 ror 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Otho 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Otho 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 7 Henry III. 
 
 elected 
 
 8 emperor 
 
 1 Henry IV. 
 
 2 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 Dukes Jj 
 
 29 Bernard; I. 
 Thierry 18 
 19 
 
 1 Bernard 27 
 IL 
 
 17 Frederic 1 
 
 II. 
 
 18 2 
 
 19 3 
 
 20 4 
 
 21 5 
 
 24 Gothe- 1 
 
 Ion I. 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Gothe- 1 
 Ion II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Alct 1 
 
 a 
 Alsace 2 
 
 Gerard 1 
 
 of 
 Alsace 2 
 
A.D. 1051—1100 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5764 
 5765 
 5766 
 5767 
 5768 
 5769 
 5770 
 5771 
 5772 
 5773 
 
 5774 
 5775 
 5776 
 5777 
 5778 
 5779 
 5780 
 5781 
 5782 
 5783 
 
 5784 
 5785 
 5786 
 5787 
 5788 
 5789 
 5790 
 5791 
 5792 
 5793 
 
 5794 
 5795 
 5796 
 5797 
 5798 
 5799 
 5800 
 5801 
 5802 
 5803 
 
 5804 
 5805 
 5806 
 5807 
 5808 
 5809 
 5810 
 5811 
 5812 
 5813 
 
 E 
 
 B 
 o 
 
 a 
 q 
 
 < 
 
 051 
 
 052 
 OSS 
 054 
 055 
 066 
 067 
 
 OSS 
 
 059 
 
 060 
 
 081 
 
 091 
 
 OSS 
 
 OK 
 094 
 095 
 096 
 097 
 098 
 099 
 100 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 10 Zoe and 
 Constan- 
 
 11 tineX. 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 1 Theodora 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 IMichaelVI. 
 Stratiotic. 
 
 1 Isaac I. 
 Comnenus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Constan- 
 
 tine XL 
 
 2 Ducas 
 
 13 Henry 
 
 III. 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 1 Eudocia 
 
 and 
 
 2 Romanus 
 
 IV. 
 
 3 Diogenes 
 
 1 Michael 
 VII. Para- 
 
 2 pinaces 
 Androni. 
 
 3 cus I. and 
 Constan. 
 
 4 tine XII. 
 
 INicephorus 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Alexius I. 
 Comnenus 
 
 2 
 
 Kings .5 
 
 SK.andD.M 
 
 5 Andrew I. 
 Bretis- 15 
 las 1. 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Spitig. 1 
 neus 
 II. 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Bela I. 
 
 Wratis- 1 
 
 2 las II. 2 
 
 First 
 
 3 King 3 
 
 1 Salomon 4 
 
 2 5 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 Poland. 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 11 Casimir 
 
 L 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 II. King 
 
 2 the Bold 
 
 1 Geisa I. 15 
 
 2 16 
 
 1 Ladislas 17 
 
 I. 
 
 2 18 
 
 :m 
 
 31 
 
 16 Conrad 1 
 I. Duke 
 
 17 Bretis- 1 
 
 las II. 
 
 18 Duke 2 
 
 1 Coloman 3 
 
 6 Borzivoi 1 
 II. Duke 
 
 1 Ladislas 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Careless 
 Duke 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 21 Henry 
 
 I. 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Philip I. 
 I'Amou. 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Maurienne 
 
 4Amadeus 
 I. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Local 
 
 17 Garcia 
 
 III. 
 
 18 
 
 1 Sancho 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 — « 
 
 6 - | 
 
 7 — £ 
 
 1 Humbert 
 
 II. le 
 
 2 Renforce 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9-13 
 
 & 
 
 10 — » 
 
 11-J 
 
 12 Alfon-1 
 so VI. 
 13—2 
 
 17Ferdind. I. 
 Rami- 17 
 ro I. 18 
 
 27 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 — 7 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Sancho 
 
 Rami- 
 
 2 rez K. 
 of Ar- 
 
 3 ragon 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Pedro 
 of Ar- 
 
 2 ragon 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 29 Sancho 1 
 
 V. 
 
 30 Rami- 2 
 
 rez 
 
 1 Sancho 3 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Strong 
 
 1 Alfonso 10 
 VI. the 
 
 2 Valiant 11 
 King of 
 
 3 Leon 12 
 
 23 Pedro 1.1 
 of 
 
 24 Navarre 2 
 
 8 Mahom- 
 
 ed ben 
 
 9 Gehwar 
 
 Mahom- 1 
 edAlmo- 
 
 ateded 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Mahom- 1 
 edAlmo- 
 stadir 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Normandy 
 
 17 William 
 
 II. the 
 
 18 Bastard 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 3 — 20 
 
 % — 21 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 S — 22 
 
 — 23 
 
 1 Yussef 
 
 ben 
 
 2 TaxBn 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 — Invades 
 England 
 
 Robert 
 
 Courthose 
 1087—1106 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 of 
 
 2 Burgun- 
 
 3^ 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 42 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 Counts 
 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 of -g 
 
 >, 
 
 of | 
 
 POPES 
 
 AND 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 AND 
 
 I/! 
 
 - 
 I. 
 
 <! 
 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 
 warriors 
 
 weyn II. 
 
 Humphrey 1 
 
 4 Leo IX. 
 
 
 Rebellion and banishment of the Godwins. — Visit by the 
 
 
 Edmund 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Duke ot Normandy to King Edward. 
 
 
 Slemme 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Cardinal Damiano, historian, 
 
 ob. 1073 
 
 Michael Cerularius, patriarch 
 
 Restoration ot the Godwins. 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 Death of Earl Godwin.— Battle of Civitella, Pope Leo IX. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Constantinople, 1058 
 
 taken prisoner by Robert Guiscard, June 18. 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 Robert 1 
 Guiscard 
 
 7 
 
 
 The Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated by 
 Pope Leo IX., July 16. 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 Victor II. 
 
 
 Togrul Beg delivers the Caliph of Bagdad. 
 
 
 Stenkill 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 The Emperor Henry the Black dies, Oct. 5.— The Empress 
 
 Theodosius, son to Constan- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Theodora dies, Aug. 22. 
 
 tine Monomachus 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 lStephonlX. 
 Ben. X. Ant. 
 
 George Cedrenus, historian 
 
 Michael VI. abdicates the empire of the East in favour of 
 Isaac Comnenus, June 8. 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 Nicholas 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 
 Robert Guiscard drives the Saracens out of Italy. 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 Berengarius of Angers, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ob. ast. 90, 1088 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 Duke of 7 
 Apulia 
 
 3 
 
 
 The Normans conquer Calabria. 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 ■ 9 
 
 Wulstan Bishop of Worcester, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ob. 1095 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 Michael Psellus, philosopher 
 
 Conquest of Wales by Harold, and death of Gryffyth.— 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 and historian, ob. 1078 
 
 Reign of Alp-Arslan, 1063—1072. 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 
 Insurrection of the Northumbrians suppressed by Harold. 
 He returns to London, Nov. 30. 
 
 
 Halstan 1 
 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 Ingulphus, Abbot of Croyland, 
 ob. 1 109 
 
 King Edward dies, Jan. 5. — Harold II. succeeds.— Battle 
 of Hastings; King Harold killed, Oct. 14. 
 
 Aldred, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, ob. 10i>9 
 
 2 
 
 >> 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 Adam, Canon of Bremen, 
 ' hist, and geog. of the North. ' 
 
 King William reconciles Edgar Atheling, and passes over 
 to Normandy, Mar.; but returns, Dec. 6. 
 
 Earls Edwin and Morcar 
 
 3 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Edwin and Morcar rebel, but submit. — Edgar Atheling 
 
 Gervais, Abp. of Rheims, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 retires to the court of Malcolm Canmore. 
 
 ob. 1084 
 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 
 The Danes, invited by the Northumbrians, land at the 
 Humber, and are joined by Edgar. 
 
 Waltheof, Earl of Northum- 
 berland, ob. 1070 
 
 5 
 
 - 
 
 U 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 
 Stigand, Abp. of Canterbury, is deposed, and succeeded 
 by Lanfranc, an Italian. 
 
 
 6 
 
 + 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 
 
 The Emperor Romanus defeated and deposed by Alp- 
 Arslan, Aug. 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 Roger 19 
 
 12 
 
 
 King William makes peace with Malcolm Canmore, who 
 
 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 
 does homage and gives hostages. 
 
 
 iterreg. 8 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 1 Gregory 
 VII. Hil- 
 
 Marianus Scotus, chronol. and 
 hist. ob. 1086 
 
 Disputes commence between the Emperor Henry IV. and 
 Pope Gregory VII. respecting investitures. 
 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 2 debrand 
 
 
 Inroad ol the Turks in Asia Minor under Soliman. 
 
 Don Roderigo Dios de Bivar, 
 ' The Cid,' ob. 1099 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 The Emperor Henry defeats the Saxons at Neustadt. — 
 Rebellion of the Norman Barons. 
 
 Cincius, governor of Rome 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 Benjezla of Bagdad, the proto- 
 type of Abulfeda, ob. 1080.1 
 
 Earl Waltheof executed for misprision of treason. — Con- 
 quest of Jerusalem by the Turks. 
 
 
 arald 12 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 
 King William accidentally wounded at the siege of Ger- 
 
 
 [I. the 
 
 
 
 
 
 beroi by his son, Prince Robert. 
 
 
 imple 13 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 
 The erection of the Tower of London commenced. 
 
 Osmond, Bishop of Sarum, 
 
 ob. 1099 
 Lanfranc, Archbishop of Can- 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 Arzachel of Toledo, astron. 
 
 Hampshire depopulated to obtain space sufficient for the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 New Forest. 
 
 terbury, 1005—1089 
 
 mute 15 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 Battle of Mersburg, Rodolph Duke of Suabia mortally 
 
 
 
 IV. 
 
 
 
 
 
 wounded by Godfrey of Bouillon, Oct. 15. 
 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 9 
 
 William of Spires, mathemat. 
 
 Battle of Durazzo, the Emperor Alexius Comnenus de- 
 feated by Robert Guiscard, Oct. 18. 
 
 Edgar Atheling, ob. cir. 1110 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 29 
 
 10 
 
 
 Odo Bishop of Bayeux being about to desert the kingdom 
 for Rome, is arrested by the King in person. 
 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 
 King William imposes a tax of six shillings upon every 
 hide of land. — Doomsday Book began. 
 
 
 19 
 
 u 
 
 31 
 
 12 
 
 
 Rome taken by the Emperor Henry IV., Mar. 21. — Final 
 conquest of Asia Minor by the Turks. 
 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 Roger 1 
 
 13 
 
 
 Alphonso VI. takes Toledo from the Saracens, May 25. — 
 Death of Robert Guiscard, July 17. 
 
 
 laus 21 
 
 1., 
 
 2 
 
 1 Victor III. 
 
 
 Edgar leaves England for Apulia. — King William sails 
 
 
 V. 
 
 
 
 
 
 for Normandy. — Doomsday Book completed. 
 
 
 22 
 
 Ifi 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Suidas, lexicographer 
 
 King William invades and ravages the French territory. — 
 He dies.. Sept. 9. an. 63. 
 
 Robert de Mowbray, 
 
 ob. cir. 1125 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 1 Urban II. 
 
 
 Odo, restored to the Earldom of Kent, forms a conspiracy, 
 which failing, he is banished. 
 
 
 24 
 
 is 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 Rascelinus of Compeigne, the 
 Scholastic 
 
 King William siezes the revenues of the vacant livings 
 of the clergy. 
 
 
 Ingo I. 1 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 Conquest of Sicily completed by Roger de Hauteville. — 
 
 Corbagat, Turkish general 
 
 the 
 
 
 
 
 
 King William forms a design upon Normandy. 
 
 
 Good 2 
 
 '20 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 
 Prince Henry offended by Robert, surprises Mount St. 
 Michael. — His brothers besiege him there. 
 
 Ranulph Flambard 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 Peter the Hermit, the agitator 
 of the Crusades 
 
 Carlisle rebuilt as a barrier against the Scots. 
 
 Hugh de Montlheri, minister 
 to Philip I. 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 7 S 
 
 A 
 
 Northern Portugal, Lisbon, Santarem, and Cintra wrested 
 from the Saracens by Alphonso VI. 
 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 Sigebert of Brabant, historian 
 
 The Saracens call in Yussef ben Taxfin from Africa, who 
 
 
 
 
 
 "3 
 
 
 obtains all Mahomedan Spain. 
 
 
 ricIII. 6 
 
 24 
 
 11 
 
 8 § 
 
 
 Robert de Mowbray conspires against King William, but 
 
 
 le Good 
 
 
 
 l> 
 
 
 fails, and is confined thirty years. 
 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 9 — 2 
 
 o 
 
 
 The 1st Crusade, Mar.— Duke Robert mortgages Norman- 
 dy to King William to enable him to embark in it. 
 
 Hugh Count de Vermandois, 
 ob. 1102 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 io — a 
 
 c 
 
 
 Siege of Nice, June 20. — Battle of Doryla?um, July. — 
 Order of Knights of St. John instituted. 
 
 Raymond Count de Thou- 
 louse, ob. 1105 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 14 
 
 11 tf 
 
 Arius Polyhistor, ' Schedae Is- 
 landicre,' History of Iceland, 
 
 King William reduces Maine, which had revolted. — An- 
 tioch besieged and taken, June 3. 
 
 Boehmond Prince of Taren- 
 tum 
 
 10 
 
 SW 
 
 15 
 
 1 Pascal II. 
 Godfrey 1 
 
 born 1068 
 
 Siege of Jerusalem, June 7 — July 15. — Godfrey de Bouillon 
 elected King, July 23. — Battle of Ascalon, Aug. 12. 
 
 
 11 
 
 2!) 
 
 16 
 
 2 of Bouillon 
 
 
 King William killed by an arrow while hunting in the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baldwinl.l 
 
 
 New Forest, Aug. 2, set. 43. 
 
 
 ; 
 
A.D. 1051—1100 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 42* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 9 Donunico Conta- 
 
 rini I. 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Domenico Silvio 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Yitale Micheli I. 
 
 3 
 
 Dukes 
 
 H Signori (i, 
 
 25 Boniface 
 II. 
 1 Frederic 
 
 1 Beatrice 
 
 and 
 
 2 Godfrey 
 
 the 
 
 3 Bearded 
 
 10 - 
 
 11 — . I 
 
 12 — a 
 
 13 Frede- 1 
 
 ric I. 
 
 14 2 
 
 17 5 
 
 18 6 
 
 19 7 
 
 20 8 
 
 21 9 
 
 1 Matilda 10 
 
 the 
 
 2 Great, 11 
 Countess 
 
 3 12 
 
 4 13 
 
 5 14 
 
 n 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 57 William I. 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 1 Boniface 
 I. 
 
 24 31 
 
 1 William 
 II. circ. 
 
 Dukes g 
 
 as 
 
 of 5 
 
 « 
 
 Robert 
 
 Conan 12 
 
 II. 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 • 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 Hoel 1 
 V. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 ■ 5 
 
 40 6 
 
 41 7 
 
 42 8 
 
 43 9 
 
 1 Hugh 10 
 
 I. 
 
 2 11 
 
 1 Eudes 13 
 
 I. 
 
 2 14 
 
 4 16 
 
 5 17 
 
 6 18 
 
 7 Alain 1 
 Fergent 
 
 8 the Red 2 
 
 2 Counts '=, 
 
 J— I 
 
 ■^ Dukes i4 
 
 16 Baidw. V. 
 Frede- 4 
 ric V. 5 
 
 30 Godfrey 1 
 
 IV. 
 
 31 again 2 
 
 1 Baldwin 3 
 
 VI. the 
 
 2 Good 4 
 
 3 Godfrey 1 
 
 V.Bossu 
 1 Arnolph 2 
 III. 
 
 1 Robert I. 3 
 lc Frison 
 - 4 
 
 6 Conrad 1 
 
 7 2 
 
 8 3 
 
 9 4 
 
 10 5 
 
 19 Godfrey 1 
 
 VI. of 
 
 20 Bouil. 2 
 
 Ion 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Robert 
 
 II. of 
 
 2 Jerusa- 
 
 lem 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 King 11 
 
 of 
 Jerusa- 
 lem 
 
 Counts j§ 
 
 3 S 
 I ° f g 
 
 3 
 A ►-) 
 
 15 Albert III. 
 
 Gilbert 33 
 
 16 34 
 
 17 35 
 
 18 36 
 
 19 37 
 
 20 38 
 
 21 Conrad 1 
 
 I. 
 
 22 — — 2 
 
 23 3 
 
 24 4 
 
 25 5 
 
 .6 6 
 
 27 7 
 
 28 8 
 
 29 9 
 
 30 10 
 
 31 11 
 
 32 12 
 
 33 13 
 
 34 14 
 
 35 15 
 
 36 16 
 
 37 17 
 
 38 18 
 
 39 19 
 
 40 20 
 
 41 21 
 
 42 22 
 
 43 23 
 
 44 24 
 
 45 25 
 
 46 26 
 
 47 27 
 
 48 eg 
 
 49 29 
 
 50 Henry 1 
 
 51 '- 2 
 
 52 3 
 
 53 4 
 
 54 5 
 
 55 6 
 
 56 7 
 
 57 8 
 
 58 9 
 
 59 10 
 
 60 William 1 
 
 61 2 
 
 Counts ^ 
 
 3 Florence I. 
 Rechila 22 
 
 4 23 
 
 5 24 
 
 6 — 25 
 
 7 26 
 
 Thierry 32 
 V. 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 S6 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 Baldwin 1 
 II. of 
 
 Jerusa- 2 
 lem 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Florence 22 
 
 II. 
 
 2 the Fat 23 
 
 24 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Suabia. 
 
 5 Otho III. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Rodolph 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Frederic I. 
 de Buren 
 
 25 i 15 
 
 62 3 
 
 63 ■ 4 
 
 64 5 
 
 9 Baldwin 1 
 
 III. 
 10 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 5 Conrad I. 
 
 1 Henry VI. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Conrad II. 
 
 1 Agnes 
 empress 
 
 2 dowager 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Otho 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Guelph I. 
 
A.D. 1101—1150 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5814 
 5815 
 5816 
 5817 
 5818 
 5819 
 5820 
 5821 
 5822 
 GB93 
 
 5824 
 5825 
 5826 
 5827 
 5828 
 5829 
 5830 
 5831 
 5832 
 5833 
 
 5834 
 5835 
 5836 
 5837 
 5838 
 5839 
 5840 
 5841 
 5842 
 5843 
 
 5844 
 5845 
 £846 
 5847 
 5848 
 5849 
 5850 
 5851 
 6852 
 5853 
 
 E 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 1101 
 1102 
 1103 
 1104 
 1105 
 1106 
 1107 
 1108 
 1109 
 1110 
 
 1111 
 1112 
 1113 
 1114 
 1115 
 1116 
 1117 
 1118 
 1119 
 1120 
 
 1121 
 1122 
 1123 
 1124 
 1125 
 1126 
 1127 
 1128 
 1129 
 1130 
 
 1131 
 1132 
 1133 
 1134 
 1135 
 1136 
 1137 
 1138 
 1139 
 1140 
 
 5854 
 5855 
 5856 
 5857 
 
 5860 
 5861 
 
 1141 
 1142 
 1143 
 1144 
 1145 
 1146 
 1147 
 1148 
 1149 
 1150 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 21 Alexius I. 
 Comnenus 
 
 22 
 
 26 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 28 — 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 — 
 
 1 John- 
 
 Comnenus 
 
 2 KaXor 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 46 Henry 
 
 IV. 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 V. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Lothaire 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Saxon 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Manuel I. 
 Comnenus 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Interreg, 
 
 1 Conrad 
 III. 
 
 Kings « 
 
 E 
 
 S K.and D.z; 
 
 7 Coloman I. 
 
 Borzi- 2 
 
 8 voill. 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Suato- 1 
 pluc 
 Duke 2 
 
 Ladis- 1 
 las II. 
 Duke 2 
 
 1 Stephen 6 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Thunder. 7 
 
 bolt 
 
 3 8 
 
 12 Sobies- 1 
 
 las I. 
 
 13 Duke 2 
 
 1 Bela II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 Ladislas 1 
 III. 2d K. 
 
 1 Geisa 
 II. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Poland. 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 21 Ladislas 
 II. 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 
 III. 
 
 2 Wry. 
 mouth 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 1 Ladislas 
 III. King 
 
 2 
 
 1 Boleslas 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 le Frise 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 42 Philip I. 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 1 Louis 
 
 VL 
 
 2 le Gros 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 1 Louis 
 VII. le 
 
 2 Jeune 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 Maurienne 
 
 30Humbert 
 II. 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 1 Amadeus 
 
 IL 
 
 2 Count of 
 
 Savoy 
 
 3 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Almorav. 
 
 8 Pedro I. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Alfonso 
 
 I. 
 
 2 King of 
 
 Arra- 
 
 3 gon 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 1 Humbert 
 
 III. the 
 
 2 Saint 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 ■ 
 
 1 Garcia- 
 
 Rami- 
 
 2 rez 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 Sancho 
 VI. 
 
 SOAlfonsoVI. 
 
 Pedro 8 
 
 1 I. 9 
 
 32 10 
 
 33 Alfonso 1 
 I. the 
 
 34 Warrior 2 
 
 35 3 
 
 36 4 
 
 37 5 
 
 1 Urraca 6 
 
 and 
 
 2 Alfonso 7 
 
 VII. 
 
 SYussef 
 
 ben 
 9 Taxfin 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 Ali ben 
 Yussef 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Alfonso 23 
 
 VIIL 
 
 2 Ray- 24 
 mond 
 
 3 25 
 
 9 Ramiro 1 
 II. the 
 
 10 Monk 2 
 
 11 3 
 
 12 Petronil. 1 
 
 la and 
 
 13 Raymond 2 
 
 Count of 
 
 14 Barce- 3 
 
 lona 
 
 15 4 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Portugal 
 
 1 
 2 
 9 1 
 10 - 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 1 
 Tax- ■= 
 fin g 
 
 ben r* 
 
 Ibra- j= 
 him £ 
 Anar- = 
 chy £■ 
 
 8 Henry 
 
 of 
 
 9 Burgun- 
 
 dy 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 — C 
 
 Abdel- 1 
 mumen 
 
 — 2 
 
 1 Alfonso 
 
 I. and 
 
 2 Theresa 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 Alfonso 
 
 alone 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 oo 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 takes 
 
 the 
 
 29 regal 
 title 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 43 
 
 Kings 
 
 of -g 
 £ 
 
 Kings | 
 £ at 1 
 
 .s Z 
 CO *% 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Eric III. 
 Ingo 1. 12 
 the 13 
 Good 
 Interreg.14 
 
 15 
 
 Nicholas 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Roger II. 
 
 Bald- 2 
 
 2 win 3 
 
 I. 
 
 3 4 
 
 4 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 6 7 
 
 7 8 
 
 8 9 
 
 9 10 
 
 10 11 
 
 3 Pascal II. 
 
 Roger 17 
 
 4 Duke 18 
 
 of 
 
 5 Apulia 19 
 
 6 20 
 
 7 21 
 
 8 22 
 
 9 23 
 
 10 24 
 
 11 25 
 
 12 26 
 
 
 Ralph Flambard, Bishop of Durham, escapes to Normandy. 
 1st Crusade by land. 
 
 Revolt and banishment of Robert de Belesme, Earl of 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
 Duke Robert visits King Henry, but is obliged to pur- 
 chase his liberty to return. 
 
 Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, defeats the Saracens and 
 takes Ptolemais. 
 
 Robert, in revenge for his brother's hostility, accepts the 
 services of Flambard and Belesme. 
 
 Battle of Tenechbray, Sept.28 ; Duke Robert sent prisoner 
 to Cardiff' Castle for life. 
 
 King Henry, now become master of all Normandy, returns 
 to England. 
 
 Battle of the Seven Counts. — Alphonso VI. defeated by 
 the Saracens, under Ali, at Ucles, May 27. 
 
 The Princess Matilda affianced to the Emperor Henry V. 
 by proxy. 
 
 Robert, King Henry's natural son, created Earl of Glou- 
 cester. 
 
 A-rchbishop Anselm, 
 
 1034—1109 
 
 22 
 
 Philip 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Ingo 1 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 11 12 
 
 12 13 
 
 13 14 
 
 14 15 
 
 15 16 
 
 16 17 
 
 17 18 
 
 18 Bald- 1 
 
 win 
 
 19 II. 2 
 
 20 3 
 
 13 William 1 
 
 11. 
 
 14 2 
 
 15 3 
 
 16 4 
 
 17 5 
 
 18 6 
 
 19 7 
 
 1 Gelasius 8 
 II. 
 
 1 Calixtus 9 
 
 II. 
 
 2 10 
 
 Peter Abelard, 1079—1142 
 
 Ernulph, Bp. of Rochester, 
 ' Textus Roffensis,* ob. 1124 
 
 Pss. Anna Comnena, Greek 
 historian 
 
 King Henry settles a colony of Flemings in Wales. 
 
 King Henry captures and executes Helie, Earl of Mans, 
 
 the protector of William of Flanders. 
 Fulke, Earl of Anjou, seizes the earldom of Mans, in 
 
 right of his wife and against King Henry. 
 Robert de Belesme falls into King Henry's hands, and 
 
 is imprisoned in Wareham Castle for life. 
 Peace is accepted by the Earl of Anjou, and the interests 
 
 of the Norman prince are abandoned. 
 King Henry instigates the Earl of Blois against King 
 
 Ixmis, and sends him a powerful force. 
 Louis, with the aid of the Earl of Flanders, invests Wil- 
 liam in possession of Normandy. 
 War renewed in Normandy. — Queen Matilda dies, May 1. 
 
 Order of Knights Templars begins. 
 Battle of Brenville, Henry defeats Louis, who receives 
 
 homage for Normandy from Prince William. 
 Prince William wrecked off* Barfleur on his return to 
 
 England with the flower of the younger nobility. 
 
 Second marriage of King Henry, with the Princess 
 
 Adelaide of Lovain, Feb. 2. 
 Malta taken by Roger King of Sicily. — Investiture by ring 
 
 and crosier abandoned by the Emperor. 
 Waleran de Mellent aims to restore William of Flanders. 
 
 IXth General Council of the Lateran, Mar. 18— Ap. 5. 
 Waleran de Mellent and Amauri de Montfort are taken 
 
 prisoners in a skirmish, Mar. 25. 
 The Emperor Henry V., husband of Matilda, daughter 
 
 of King Henry, dies, May 23. 
 The Empress Matilda returns to England with King 
 
 Henry, Sept. LI. 
 The Empress Matilda marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, ast. 
 
 15, son of Fulke, Earl of Anjou, Aug. 26. 
 William, now Earl of Flanders, is killed at the siege of 
 
 Alost, July 27. 
 Louis le Gros is induced by the death of the Earl of 
 
 Flanders to return to peace. 
 King Henry passes over to Normandy, and has an inter- 
 view with Pope Innocent at Chartres. 
 
 Anseau de Garlande, minister 
 to Louis le Gros, ob. 1 1 18 
 
 Roger Bishop of Salisbury, 
 ministerto Henry I.,ob. 1140 
 
 William de Garlande, minist. 
 to Louis, 1120 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Swerker 1 
 I. 
 
 21 4 
 
 22 5 
 
 23 6 
 
 24 7 
 
 25 8 
 
 26 9 
 
 27 Duke 10 
 
 of 
 
 28 Apulia 11 
 
 29 12 
 
 30 King of 13 
 
 Sicily 
 
 31 Fulke 1 
 
 32 2 
 
 33 3 
 
 34 4 
 
 35 5 
 
 36 6 
 
 37 7 
 
 38 8 
 
 39 9 
 
 40 10 
 
 3 1 
 
 4 12 
 
 5 13 
 
 IHonoriusH 
 II. 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 a> 
 
 I 
 
 6 g. 
 
 1 Innocent "< 
 II. 
 
 Eadmer, Abbot of St. Albans, 
 ' HistoriaNovorum,'ob.ll24 
 Hildebert, Abp. of Tours, 
 
 ob. 1134 
 
 Athelard of Bath, mathemat. 
 
 Chancellor de Senlis, minister 
 to Louis 
 
 William de Poitiers, Duke of 
 Aquitaine, ob. 1137 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Eric IV. 7 
 ■larefoot 
 
 8 
 
 Eric V. 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 2 fa 
 
 o 
 N 
 
 4_ f 
 
 5 — i 
 
 6 SB 
 
 7 § 
 
 St. Bernard, Abbot of Clair- 
 vaux, 1091—1153 
 
 1/ 
 
 Averroes of Cordova, com- 
 mentator on Aristotle, 
 
 ob. cir. 1206 
 
 Alured of Beverley,' Eng. hist. 
 
 to 1129,' born 1109 
 William of Malmsbury, ' De 
 
 Regibus Anglorum,' ob.1143 
 
 The Barons swear fealty to the Empress Matilda. — Amalfi 
 
 surrenders to the Normans. 
 London reduced by fire nearly to ashes. 
 
 Prince Henry born.— The oath of succession renewed, 
 and the Prince included in it. 
 
 Robert Duke of Normandy dies in Cardiff Castle, after a 
 captivity of 28 years. 
 
 King Henry I. dies, Dec. 2, set. 67.— Robert Earl of Glou- 
 cester swears fealty to King Stephen. 
 
 King Stephen produces the Pope's letter of succession to 
 the Barons.— The Empress Matilda invades Normandy. 
 
 David King of Scots marches to Durham, but peace 
 ensues.— The Welsh rebel with impunity. 
 
 Battle of the Standard, Aug. 22.— Robert Earl of Glou- 
 cester takes to arms for his sister Matilda. 
 
 Defeat of the Saracens, at Campo Ouriquez, by Count 
 Alphonso.— Xth General Council of the Lateran, Ap. 20. 
 
 Battle of Wimsberg.— War cry of the Guelphs and Ghi- 
 belines, Dec. 21. 
 
 Stephen de Garlande, minister 
 to Louis 
 
 William of Ypres, minister to 
 
 Stephen 
 Abbe Suger, minister to 
 
 Louis le Jeune, ob. 1152 
 
 Empress Maud, ob. set. 67, 1167 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 [III. 
 
 Sweyn 19 
 Canute 
 V. 20 
 
 21 
 
 Eric X. 1 
 
 41 11 
 
 42 12 
 
 43 13 
 
 44 Bald- 1 
 
 win 
 
 45 III. 2 
 
 46 3 
 
 47 4 
 
 48 5 
 
 49 6 
 
 50 7 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 Celestine 
 
 II. 
 1 Lucius II. 
 
 1 Eugenius 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 ■ 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 . 
 
 Peter Lombard, Bp. of Paris, 
 ' Master of the Sentences,' 
 ' Sententiarum, lib. IV.' 
 
 ob. 1164 
 
 Ordericus Vitalis, ' Historia 
 Ecclesia?,' ob. 1143 
 
 Otho Freisingensis, hist.'Chro- 
 nicle to 1146,' ob. 1158 
 
 Arnold of Brescia, early re- 
 former and martyr, ob. 1155 
 
 Humenus of Egypt, astron. 
 
 Wernerus, civilian in Ger- 
 many, ob. 1190 
 
 Battle of Lincoln ; captivity of the King, Feb. 2, who is 
 exchanged for the Earl of Gloucester, Nov. 1. 
 
 Matilda besieged in Oxford by Stephen, Sept. 26 ; escapes 
 by night to Wallingford, Dec. 20. 
 
 Stephen retires to Wilton ; but his quarters being beaten 
 up by Gloucester, he escapes by night. 
 
 The Empress Matilda's prospects decline, and King 
 Stephen's party visibly increases. 
 
 The contending parties occupied only by predatory war- 
 fare. 
 
 Robert Earl of Gloucester dies, Oct. 31.— Normandy sub- 
 dued by the Earl of Anjou. 
 
 The Ilnd Crusade under Conrad III. and Louis VII. 
 The Empress Matilda retires to Normandy. 
 
 The Christians, under Baldwin IV., besiege Damascus, 
 but are obliged to raise it. 
 
 Prince Henry receives knighthood from his uncle, the 
 King of Scots, at Carlisle. 
 
 Prince Henry, at the instance of Matilda, is invested with 
 the dukedom of Normandy. 
 
 Robert Earl of Gloucester, 
 
 ob. 1146 
 
 Henry Bp. of Winchester, 
 
 ob. 1171 
 
LD. 1101—1150 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°43* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 6 Vitale Micheli I. 
 
 1 Ordelafo Faliero 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 . 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Domenico Micheli 
 
 1 Pietro Polani 
 
 1 Domenico Moro- 
 sini 
 
 Dukes 
 
 H Signori ft. 
 
 26 Matilda 
 
 Frede- 
 
 27 ric I. 
 
 Guy-Sa- 1 
 
 linguerra 
 
 1 Ratbod 2 
 
 1 Conrad 
 
 2 Presidents 
 
 and 
 
 3 Marquis 4 
 
 4 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 6 7 
 
 7 8 
 
 1 Rampret 14 
 President 
 
 and 15 
 Marquis 
 1 Henry 16 
 
 of 
 2Bavaria, 17 
 
 Count 
 3 18 
 
 lUlderic 22 
 
 Marquis 
 2 23 
 
 9 30 
 
 10 31 
 
 11 32 
 
 12 Taurellol 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 2 William 
 
 II. 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 1 Rinaldo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 William 
 III. 
 
 2 the Old 
 
 3 
 
 -g Dukes 9 
 
 5 S> 
 
 ao of 2 
 
 3 H 
 
 pa pa 
 
 24 Eudes I. 
 Alain 18 
 
 1 Hughll. 19 
 
 the 
 
 2 Pacific 20 
 
 Conan 1 
 
 III. the 
 
 Fat 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 1 Eudes 31 
 II. 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 Eudes, 1 
 
 Hoel 
 VI.and2 
 
 Geof- 
 frey 3 
 
 "S — .3 
 
 OS M 
 
 E Dukes 4 
 
 9 Robert II. 
 
 Henry 1 
 
 10 I. 2 
 
 14 Godfrey 1 
 
 VII. the 
 
 15 Great 2 
 
 1 Baldwin 6 
 
 VII. ala 
 
 2 Hache 7 
 
 1 Charles 14 
 
 the 
 
 2 Good 15 
 
 1 William 22 
 Cliton 
 
 1 Thierry 
 
 Waleran 1 
 
 2 and 2 
 Godfrey 
 
 3 VII. 3 
 
 13 Godfrpy 1 
 VIII. 
 
 14 le Jeune 2 
 
 15 3 
 
 16 Godfrey 1 
 
 IX. the 
 
 17 Valiant 2 
 
 Counts a 
 
 S 
 
 of B 
 
 65 Albert III. 
 
 William 6 
 
 66 I. 7 
 
 67 8 
 
 1 Godfrey 10 
 
 2 11 
 
 3 12 
 
 4 13 
 
 5 14 
 
 6 15 
 
 24 Conrad 1 
 
 II. 
 
 25 2 
 
 Henry 1 
 II. the 
 Blind 2 
 
 1 Henry 4 
 
 II. 
 
 2 5 
 
 -3 Counts ~ 
 Of c 
 
 11 Floren. II. 
 
 Bald. 3 
 
 win 4 
 
 III. 
 
 5 
 
 30 Baldwin 1 
 IV. the 
 
 31 Builder 2 
 
 1 Thierry 3 
 VI. 
 
 Dukes "5 
 
 o 
 
 of 1 
 
 22 Frederic L 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 II. de c 
 
 2 Borgne ,o 
 
 M 
 
 3 — a 
 
 B 
 
 4 15 
 
 !* 
 
 5 c 
 
 B 
 
 N 
 
 6 OS* 
 
 o 
 10 S 
 
 u — 2 
 
 12 Conrad 1 
 
 V. 
 
 13 2 
 
 14 3 
 
 15 4 
 
 16 5 
 
 34 Conrad 
 elected 
 
 35 emperor 
 
 36 
 
 Dukes g 
 
 pa Electors « o§ 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 III. Bar. 
 
 2 barossa 
 
 1 Guelph II. 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 1 Henry 
 VII. the 
 
 2 Black 
 
 1 Henry 
 VIII. 
 
 2 the 
 Proud 
 
 3 
 
 9 Albert 1 
 I. the 
 
 10 Boar 2 
 First 
 
 11 Elector 3 
 
 12 4 
 
 1 Leopold 5 
 
 of 
 
 2 Austria 6 
 
 1 Henry 9 
 
 IX. of 
 
 2 Austria 10 
 
 29 Magnus 
 
 Thier- 32 
 
 30 ly II. 33 
 
 lLothaire37 
 
 2 38 
 
 3 39 
 
 4 40 
 
 5 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 Sigis. 1 
 mund 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 20Lothairell 
 
 elected 
 21 emperor 12 
 
 1 Henry 22 
 
 the 
 
 2 Proud 23 
 
 of 
 
 3 Bavaria 24 
 
 [Lion 
 
 1 Henry the 
 
 Matth- 1 
 
 2 ew I. 2 
 
A.D. 1151—1200 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 5864 
 5865 
 5866 
 5867 
 5868 
 5869 
 5870 
 5871 
 5872 
 5873 
 
 5874 
 5875 
 5876 
 5877 
 5878 
 5879 
 5880 
 5881 
 5882 
 5883 
 
 5884 
 5885 
 5886 
 5887 
 5888 
 5889 
 5890 
 5891 
 5892 
 5893 
 
 5894 
 5895 
 5896 
 5897 
 5898 
 5899 
 5900 
 5901 
 5902 
 5903 
 
 1151 
 1152 
 1153 
 1154 
 1155 
 1156 
 1157 
 1158 
 1159 
 1160 
 
 1161 
 1162 
 1163 
 1164 
 1165 
 1166 
 1167 
 1168 
 1169 
 1170 
 
 1171 
 1172 
 1173 
 
 1174 
 1175 
 1176 
 1177 
 1178 
 1179 
 1180 
 
 5904 
 5905 
 5906 
 5907 
 5908 
 5909 
 5910 
 5911 
 5912 
 
 1181 
 1182 
 1183 
 1184 
 1185 
 1186 
 1187 
 1188 
 1189 
 1190 
 
 1191 
 1192 
 1193 
 1194 
 1195 
 1196 
 1197 
 1198 
 1199 
 1200 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 The East 
 
 9 Manuel I. 
 
 Comnenus 
 10 
 
 1 Alexius II. 
 Comnenus 
 
 1 Androni- 
 
 cus I. 
 
 2 Comnenus 
 
 1 Isaac II. 
 
 Angelus 
 
 2 
 
 1 Alexius 
 
 III. 
 
 2 Angelus 
 the Tyrant 
 
 3 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 14 Conrad 
 III. 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 I. Bar- 
 
 2 barossa 
 
 20 — 
 
 21 — 
 
 22 — 
 
 23 — 
 
 24 — 
 
 25 — 
 
 26 — 
 
 27 — 
 
 28 — 
 
 29 — 
 
 [VI. 
 1 Henry 
 Asper 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 1 Philip 
 
 of 
 
 2 Suabia 
 
 £> Kings « 
 
 | I 
 
 KK.andD.js 
 
 11 Geisa II. 
 
 Ladis- 12 
 
 12 las IV. 13 
 
 1 Stephen 22 
 III. 
 
 1 Bela III. 
 
 Sobies. 1 
 
 2 las II. 2 
 Duke 
 
 3 3 
 
 5 Frederic 1 
 
 Duke 
 
 6 2 
 
 17 Conrad 1 
 II. Duke 
 
 18 Wences-1 
 
 las II. 
 
 19 Duke 2 
 
 20 Henry 1 
 Bretislas 
 
 21 Duke 2 
 
 22 3 
 
 1 Emeric 
 Ladisl.IV.1 
 
 2 Premis- 1 
 
 las I. 
 
 3 the Vic. 2 
 
 torious 
 
 4 Third 3 
 
 King 
 
 5 4 
 
 Poland. 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 6 Boleslas 
 IV. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 ■ 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 1 Miecis. 
 las III. 
 
 2 the Old 
 
 1 Casimir 
 ' II. the 
 
 2 Just 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Lesko 
 
 V. the 
 
 2 White 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 France 
 
 Savoy 
 
 15 Louis 
 
 VIII. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 4 Humbert 
 
 III. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 14 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 17 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 31 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 21 
 
 33 
 
 22 
 
 34 
 
 23 
 
 35 
 
 24 
 
 36 
 
 25 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 38 
 
 27 
 
 39 
 
 28 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 42 
 
 31 
 
 43 
 
 32 
 
 1 Philip 
 II. 
 
 33 
 
 2 August. 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 37 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 1 Thomas 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 ■ 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Almohad. 
 
 2 Sancho 
 VI. the 
 
 3 Wise 
 
 c g"-3 
 
 &5 
 
 6 S- 
 
 7 |£ 
 
 8 Ferdi. 1 
 
 nand 
 
 9 II. 2 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 17 — 
 
 18 — 
 
 19 — 
 
 20 — 13 
 
 21 — 14 
 
 22 — 15 
 
 23 — 16 
 
 24 — 17 
 
 25 — 18 
 
 26 — 19 
 
 27 — 20 
 
 28 — 21 
 
 29 — 22 
 
 30 — 23 
 
 31 — 24 
 
 32 — 25 
 
 33 — 26 
 
 34 — 27 
 
 35 — 28 
 
 36 — 29 
 
 37 — 30 
 
 38 — 31 
 
 39 Alfon-1 
 so IX. 
 
 40—2 
 
 42 — 
 
 43 — 
 
 44 — 
 
 1 Sancho 7 
 
 VIl.the 
 
 2 Infirm 8 
 
 3—9 
 
 4 — 10 
 
 5 — 11 
 
 6 — 12 
 
 7 — 13 
 
 26Alfon.VIII 
 
 Petro. 15 
 
 27 nilla 16 
 
 28 17 
 
 29 18 
 
 30 19 
 
 31 20 
 
 1 Sancho 21 
 III. 
 
 1 Alfonso 22 
 
 IX.the 
 
 2 Noble 23 
 
 3 24 
 
 4 25 
 
 5 Alfonso 1 
 
 II. the 
 
 6 Chaste 2 
 
 7 3 
 
 8 4 
 
 9 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 11 7 
 
 12 8 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 10 
 
 15 Petro- 11 
 
 nilla 
 
 16 ob. 12 
 
 17 13 
 
 18 14 
 
 19 15 
 
 20 16 
 
 21 17 
 
 22 18 
 
 23 19 
 
 24 20 
 
 25 21 
 
 26 22 
 
 27 23 
 
 28 24 
 
 29 25 
 
 30 26 
 
 31 27 
 
 32 28 
 
 33 29 
 
 34 30 
 
 35 31 
 
 36 32 
 
 37 33 
 
 38 34 
 
 39 Pedro 1 
 
 11. 
 
 40 2 
 
 41 3 
 
 42 4 
 
 43 5 
 
 3 Abdel- 
 mumen 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Yussef 
 
 ben 
 
 2 Yacub 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Yacub 
 
 ben 
 
 2 Yussef 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 ed Al- 
 
 2 nassar 
 
 40 Alfonso 
 
 I. 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 1 Sancho 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ■ 
 
 6 
 
>TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 44 
 
 Kings § 
 
 i of 5 
 
 51 Roger II. 
 
 Bald- 8 
 
 52 win 9 
 III. 
 
 53 — — 10 
 
 1 William 11 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Wicked 12 
 
 9 Amau- 1 
 
 rus I. 
 10 2 
 
 1 William 5 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Good 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 5 9 
 
 8 Baldwin 1 
 
 IV. 
 
 9 2 
 
 10 - 
 
 11 - 
 
 12 - 
 
 13 - 
 
 14 - 
 
 15 - 
 
 20 Baldwin 1 
 
 V. 
 
 21 Guy de 1 
 
 Lusig- 
 
 22 nan 2 
 
 1 Tancred 4 
 
 2 5 
 
 1 Frederic I. 
 
 Amau- 1 
 
 2 rus de 2 
 Lusig- 
 
 3 nan 3 
 K. of 
 
 4 Cyprus 4 
 
 6 Eugenius 
 
 III. 
 
 7 
 
 1 Anastatius 
 
 IV. 
 1 Adrian IV. 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 III. 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 1 Lucius HI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Urban III. 
 
 [VIII. 
 1 Gregory 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 2 III. 
 
 1 Celestine 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 GratianofClusium, 'Decretal' 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth 
 Messue of Cordova, physician 
 
 Buono, architect of St. Mark's 
 Tower at Venice 
 
 Al Edrisius, Arabian geogra- 
 pher 
 
 Henry of Huntingdon, ' His- 
 tory of England ' 
 
 John Tzetzes of Constantino- 
 ple, critic and grammarian, 
 ob. post. 117ti 
 
 Eustathius, commentator on 
 Homer, ob. circa 1194 
 
 John of Salisbury, Bishop of 
 Chartres, ' Polycraticon,' 
 
 ob. 1182 
 
 Simeon of Durham, ' History 
 of England, GUi — 1130,' ob — 
 
 Maimonides of Cordova, ' Tal- 
 mud abridged,' 1133—1205 
 
 Benjamin of Tudela, Asiatic 
 traveller, ' Itinerary,' 
 
 ob. 1173 
 
 Peter Comestor of Troyes, 
 
 ob. 1198 
 
 William Fitzstephen, ' De- 
 scription of London,' ob. 1 191 
 
 Absolom, Abp. of Lund, the 
 
 friend of Saxo Grammaticus, 
 
 1128—1191 
 
 Peter of Blois, ' Epistolas,' 
 
 ob. 1200 
 
 Sueno Agonis, historian of 
 Denmark 
 
 Giraldus Cambrensis, ' Itine- 
 raram Cambriae,' ob. cir. 1220 
 
 Benedict, Abbot of Peterbo- 
 rough, Hist, of England, 
 1170—1192, ob. 1193 
 
 Hugh Falcandus, Sicilian hist. 
 
 Roger de Hoveden, historian 
 
 William of Newburgh, hist, 
 ob. 113G 
 
 Abdollatiph, Persian historian 
 ' Alsagar,' born 1167 
 
 Campanus of Lombardy, astro- 
 nomer 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Henry Duke of Normandy marries Eleanor, the divorced 
 Queen of Louis VII. 
 
 Henry is induced by the Earl of Chester to land in 
 England to assert his mother's claim to the crown. ' 
 
 Eustace dies. — Treaty of Winchester, Aug. 1«. — Henry 
 named heir to the crown, which Stephen holds for lite. 
 
 King Stephen dies, Oct. 25, aft. 49. — The Emperor Frede- 
 ric Barbarossa enters Italy to subdue it, Oct. 
 
 The Emperor Manuel reduces Apulia and Calabria. — 
 Thomas a Becket made Lord Chancellor. 
 
 Thirty years' peace between the Greeks and the Nor- 
 mans in Sicily. 
 
 Birth of Richard Cceur de Lion at Oxford. 
 
 Treaty of Milan with the Emperor Frederic, Sept. 17. — 
 Prince Geoffrey contracted to Constance of Bretagne. 
 
 Double election to the Pontificate. — Milan placed under 
 the ban of the Empire, Mar. 23. 
 
 King Henry enforces the marriage of Prince Henry to 
 Margaret of France, which leads to hostilities. 
 
 Alexander III. mediates between Henry and Louis, who 
 
 each take the bridle to conduct his holiness to his home. 
 Thomas a Becket consecrated to the see of Canterbury, 
 
 Mav 31. — He resigns the great seal. 
 The King is resolved to enforce ' the Constitutions of 
 
 Clarendon ' on the clergy. 
 Council of Clarendon, Jan. 25. — Becket signs, but refuses 
 
 to seal. — He repents his assent to the King's demands. 
 Becket finally rejects ' the Constitutions of Clarendon,' 
 
 and becomes an exile at Pontigny. 
 Becket, now at Sens, excommunicates the partisans of the 
 
 Constitutions of Clarendon. 
 Dermot King of Leinster solicits aid from and does 
 
 homage to King Henry in Aquitaine. 
 Frederic Barbarossa retreats precipitately over Mount 
 
 Cenis. — Peace between Dermot a d Roderic in Ireland. 
 Eai 1 Strongbow and his companions land in Ireland. — 
 
 Conquest of Egypt by the Turks. 
 Becket and Henry reconciled ; the King holds the stirrup 
 
 of theprelate, July22. — Assassination of Becket, Dec. 29. 
 
 King Henry lands at Waterford, and winters in Dublin. 
 Reign of Saladin, 1171—1193. 
 
 The coronation of Pri; ce Henry is repeated to include 
 his consort, and to appease King Louis, Aug. 27. 
 
 King Henry is deserted by Queen Eleanor and his three 
 sons, who are defeated by the King. 
 
 Open rebellion of the Princes. — The King does penance 
 at Becket's tomb. — The King's sons surrender. 
 
 The circuits and itinerant judges or ' barons errant ' in- 
 stituted. — Siege of Alexandria*raised. 
 
 Frederic Barbarossa totally defeated at Lignano, May 29. 
 The ' Constitutions ' are now in favour of the Clergy. 
 
 Saladin defeated before Jerusalem. — Six years' truce be- 
 tween Frederic and the Guelphic cities. 
 
 King Henry, on his return from Normandy, repeats his 
 devotions at the tomb of Becket. 
 
 Xlth General Council, of the Lateran, Mar. 5— 19.— The 
 right of election by the Cardinals established. 
 
 Ranulph de Glanville, Chief Justice of England, digests 
 the civil law about this time. 
 
 King Henry is much embarrassed at the wild ambition 
 and separate views of his sons. 
 
 Prince Henry demands Normandy. — The King aims at 
 security by inciting dissensions between the Princes. 
 
 Prince Henry dies, June 11. — Peace of Constance, June 25. 
 Massacre of the Latins at Constantinople. 
 
 Diet of Mentz ; definition of the Electoral function of the 
 Duke of Saxony, Count Palatine of the Rhine, King of 
 Bohemia, and the Margrave of Brandenburg as arch- 
 marshal, arch-steward, arch-cupbearer, and arch-cham- 
 berlain of the Empire. • 
 
 P. Geoffrey dies, Aug. 19. — The states swear to Arthur. 
 
 Jerusalem taken by Saladin, Oct. 2. — Guy de Lusignan 
 falls into the hands of the Infidels. 
 
 The Illrd Crusade by sea under Frederic Barbarossa. 
 'Prince Richard joins King Philip, Nov. 18. 
 
 King Henry consents to peace, and dies at Chinon, July 6, 
 an. 57.— Siege of Acre, 1189— 1191.— Illrd Crusade. 
 
 King Richard and King Philip meet at Vezelai, July 1, 
 and part at Lyons, July 31, on their way to Palestine. 
 
 King Richard insults Leopold of Austria at the siege of 
 
 Acre.— He defeats Saladin at Jaffa. 
 Austria deserts. — Richard is driven by storm upon his 
 
 dominions, and is sold and sent to the Emperor Henry. 
 Prince John resorts to bribery to prolong King Richard's 
 
 captivity. — Death of Saladin, Mar. 4. 
 King Richard returns to England, May 13, and makes 
 
 war upon France. — Sicily subdued by Henry VI. 
 Alfonso King of Castile defeated by Yacub ben Yussef, 
 
 on the plain of Alarcos, July 19. 
 King Richard is defeated in Normandy, but captures the 
 
 military Bishop of Beauvais. 
 Cessation of hostilities between King Richard and Philip 
 
 Augustus. — The Emperor Henry VI. dies, Sept. 28. 
 Fulke of Neuilly preaches the IVth Crusade, which is 
 
 embraced by the Barons of France. 
 King Richard is mortally wounded by Bertram de Guer- 
 don, Mar. 26, set. 41. — Anjou. &c, declare for Arthur. 
 Peace with France. — King Philip sacrifices the interests 
 
 of Arthur, and acknowledges the succession of K. John 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Robert Count de Dreux, 
 
 ob. 1183 
 Earl Eustace, son of K. Ste- 
 phen, ob. 1153 
 
 Robert Earl of Leicester 
 
 Thomas a Becket, 1119—1170 
 
 Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, 
 
 1137—1193 
 
 Prince Henry, ob. set. 20, 1183 
 Roderick King of Connaught 
 
 Richard Strongbow, Earl of 
 Pembroke, ob. 1176 
 
 Thibault, Count de Blois, min. 
 to Louis VII., ob. 1191 
 
 Humphrey Bohun, High Con- 
 stable of England 
 
 Ranulph de Glanville, lawyer 
 and warrior, ob. 1190 
 
 Baldwin Abp. of Canterbury, 
 ob. 1193 
 
 Longchamp, Bp. of Ely, 
 
 ob. 1197 
 
 William of Blois, regent of 
 France, ob. 1202 
 
 Geoffrey Fitz Peter, justiciary 
 
 
\.D. 1151—1200 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°44* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 4 Dornenico Moro- 
 siui 
 
 1 Vitale Micheli II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Sebastiano Ziani 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Orio Mastropiero 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 ■ . 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 ■ 
 
 12 ■ • 
 
 1 Enrico Dandolo 
 
 2 
 
 Signori [i. 
 
 Ulderic 
 'i'aurello 2 
 
 Guelph 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 [Marq. 
 
 1 Philip 
 Salingu- 1 
 
 2 erra II. 2 
 
 3 3 
 
 —Philip 4 
 elected 
 emperor. 5 
 Florence a 
 Republic 6 
 1208-1531 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 12 William 
 
 13 
 
 1 Conrad 3 
 
 o 
 
 a ^ « 
 
 1 Boniface .SP 
 
 II. <? 
 
 2 1 
 
 5 Azzo 1 
 Vlth 
 
 6 Marquis 2 
 
 D'Este 
 
 7 3 
 
 8 ■ 4 
 
 9 5 
 
 ■g Dukes g 
 
 3 be 
 
 3> Of « 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 10 Eudes II. 
 Eudes 4 
 Hoel, S 
 etc. 
 
 6 
 
 Conan 1 
 IV. le 
 
 Pettit 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 20 6 
 
 lHugh III. 7 
 
 10 Geoffrey 1 
 II. 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 
 
 1 Eudes III. 
 
 Arthur 1 
 and Con- 
 stance 2 
 
 Counts « 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 Dukes £| 
 
 Tnierry 
 Godfrey 9 
 IX. 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Philip 26 
 
 of 
 
 2 Alsace 27 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 . 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 Henry 1 
 II. 
 
 1 Margaret 2 
 
 I. and 
 
 2 Baldwin 3 
 
 VIII. 
 
 3 4 
 
 1 Baldwin 5 
 
 IX. of 
 2Constan. 6 
 
 tinople 
 
 3 7 
 
 Counts J> 
 I 
 
 of 5 
 
 13 Henry II. 
 Henry 16 
 II. 17 
 
 - 60 
 
 [Marquis 
 
 1 Philip I. 
 Ermen- 1 
 
 2 sind and 2 
 Theobald 
 
 3 3 
 
 •a Counts a 
 c a 
 £ of § 
 o "Si 
 
 m — w 
 
 30 Thierry VI. 
 
 Bald- 32 
 
 31 win 33 
 IV. 
 
 32 34 
 
 33 35 
 
 34 36 
 
 35 37 
 
 1 Florence 38 
 
 III. 
 
 2 39 
 
 3 40 
 
 4 41 
 
 5 42 
 
 6 43 
 
 7 44 
 
 8 45 
 
 9 46 
 
 10 47 
 
 11 48 
 
 12 49 
 
 13 50 
 
 14 51 
 
 15 Baldwin 1 
 
 V. the 
 
 16 Valiant 2 
 
 17 3 
 
 18 4 
 
 19 5 
 
 20 6 
 
 21 7 
 
 22 8 
 
 3 9 
 
 24 10 
 
 25 11 
 
 26 12 
 
 27 13 
 
 28 14 
 
 29 15 
 
 30 16 
 
 31 17 
 
 32 18 
 
 33 ■ 19 
 
 1 Thierry 20 
 VII. 
 
 8 21 
 
 3 22 
 
 4 23 
 
 5 24 
 
 6 Baldwin 1 
 
 VI. 
 
 7 2 
 
 8 3- 
 
 9 4 
 
 10 5 
 
 11 6 
 
 1 
 
 Dukes 
 
 c Electors pq 
 
 5Fredrc.III. 
 Alb. I. 18 
 
 1 Frede- 19 
 ric IV. 
 
 2 de Roth- 20 
 emburg 
 
 3 and 21 
 Duke 
 
 4 of 22 
 Franco- 
 
 5 nia 23 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 15 - - 33 
 
 — Interreg.34 
 
 35 
 
 1 Frederic 36 
 
 V. 
 
 2 Otho 1 
 
 I. 
 
 9 8 
 
 o 
 
 io fi- 
 ll 5 
 
 12 C 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 Otho 1 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Conrad 8 
 Duke of 
 
 2 Franco- 9 
 nia and 
 
 3 Suabia 10 
 
 4 11 
 
 5 12 
 
 1 Philip 13 
 
 2 14 
 
 3 elected 15 
 emperor 
 
 4 16 
 
 Dukes a 
 
 n Electors fn 
 
 10 Henry IX. 
 
 11 | S 
 
 «lc 
 
 12 «K 
 
 * s 
 
 1 Hen. -25 
 X the §<* 
 
 2 Lion Q ° 
 
 3 Conrad 1 
 
 of 
 
 4 Suabia 2 
 
 First 
 
 5 Elector 3 
 
 1 Otho I. 25 
 the 
 
 2 Great 26 
 
 3 27 
 
 1 Louis I. 28 
 
 2 29 
 
 3 30 
 
 4 31 
 
 5 32 
 
 6 33 
 
 7 34 
 
 8 35 
 
 Dukes « 
 
 13 Henry 
 
 Matth- 13 
 
 14 ewl. 14 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 Sigis- 1 
 inund 
 II. 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Bernard 5 
 III. 
 
 2 First 6 
 Elector 
 
 3 of 7 
 Saxony 
 
 4 
 
 9 36 12 
 
 10 37 13 
 
 14 Henry 1 
 
 of 
 
 15 Saxe 2 
 
 16 3 
 
 17 4 
 
 18 5 
 
A.D. 1201—1250 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 g Greek fc 
 
 Emperors 
 
 >. 
 H 
 
 Kings 2 
 
 of <V 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 Poland. 
 
 Kings 
 
 Counts 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Kings 
 
 - K 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 ■-5 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 c 
 < 
 
 a. — 
 
 S 5 
 y Latin Ui 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 5 
 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Almohad. 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 "3> 
 c 
 W - 
 
 5914 
 
 1201 
 
 7 Alexius 
 
 4 Philip 
 
 6 Emeric 
 
 8 Lesko V. 
 
 22 Philip 
 
 14 Thomas 
 
 8San.VII 
 
 44 Alfon. IX. 
 
 3Mahom- 
 
 17 Sancho 
 
 3 Jo 
 
 
 
 IIL 
 
 of 
 
 
 Premis- 5 
 
 
 August. 
 
 
 Alfon-14 
 
 Pedro 6 
 
 ed Al- 
 
 I. 
 
 W 
 
 5915 
 
 1202 
 
 8 Angelus 
 
 5 Suabia 
 
 7 
 
 las II. 6 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 9 so IX. 15 
 
 K. of 
 
 45 IL 7 
 
 4 nassar 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 5916 
 
 1203 
 
 1 Isaac II. 
 &c. again 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 10 Leon 16 
 
 46 8 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 5 - 
 
 5917 
 
 1204 
 
 ITheodorel. 
 
 / 
 
 1 Ladislas 8 
 
 11 ■ 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 11 — 17 
 
 47 9 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 G - 
 
 
 
 Bald- 1 
 
 
 
 II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5918 
 
 1205 
 
 2 win 1. 2 
 
 8 
 
 1 Andrew 9 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 18 
 
 12 — 18 
 
 48 10 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 7 - 
 
 5919 
 
 1206 
 
 3 Henry 1 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 27 
 
 19 
 
 13 — 19 
 
 49 11 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 8 - 
 
 5920 
 
 1207 
 
 4 2 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 14 — 20 
 
 50 12 
 
 9 ■ 
 
 23 
 
 9 - 
 
 5921 
 
 1208 
 
 5 3 
 
 1 Otho IV. 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 21 
 
 15 — 21 
 
 51 13 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 10 - 
 
 5922 
 
 1209 
 
 6 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 22 
 
 16 — 22 
 
 52 14 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 11 - 
 
 5923 
 
 1210 
 
 7 5 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 31 
 
 23 
 
 17 — 23 
 
 53 15 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 12 - 
 
 5924 
 
 1211 
 
 8 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 32 ■ ■ 
 
 24 
 
 18 — 24 
 
 54 16 
 
 13 
 
 27 
 
 13 - 
 
 5925 
 
 1212 
 
 9 7 
 
 5 Frede- 1 
 ric II. 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 33 
 
 25 
 
 19 — 25 
 
 55 17 
 
 14 
 
 1 Alfonso 
 II. 
 
 14 - 
 
 5926 
 
 1213 
 
 10 8 
 
 6 King 2 
 of 
 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 34 
 
 26 
 
 20 — 26 
 
 56 James 1 
 I. 
 
 1 Yussef 
 Abu 
 
 2 the Fat 
 
 15 - 
 
 5927 
 
 1214 
 
 11 9 
 
 7 Sicily 3 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
 21 — 27 
 
 1 Henry 2 
 
 2 Yacub 
 
 3 
 
 16 A 
 
 5928 
 
 1215 
 
 12 10 
 
 8 4 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 22 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 22 — 28 
 
 2 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 17 - 
 
 5929 
 
 1216 
 
 13 11 
 
 9 5 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 37 
 
 29 
 
 23 — 29 
 
 3 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 lHe 
 II 
 
 o _ 
 
 5930 
 
 1217 
 
 14 Peter del 
 
 10 6 
 
 IS 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 38 
 
 30 
 
 24 — 30 
 
 1 Ferdin- 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 . 
 
 
 
 Courte- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and III. 
 
 
 
 
 5931 
 
 1218 
 
 15 nay 2 
 
 1 7 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 39 
 
 31 
 
 25 — 31 
 
 2 the 6 
 Saint 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 3 - 
 
 5932 
 
 1219 
 
 16 3 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 26 — 32 
 
 3 7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 4 - 
 
 5933 
 
 1220 
 
 17 4 
 
 9 
 
 lu 
 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 41 
 
 33 
 
 27 — 33 
 
 4 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 5 - 
 
 5934 
 
 1221 
 
 18 Robert del 
 
 Courtenay 
 
 1 John 2 
 
 10 Frederic 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 42 
 
 34 
 
 28 — 34 
 
 5 9 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 6 - 
 
 5935 
 
 1222 
 
 11 
 
 IS 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 43 
 
 35 
 
 29 — 35 
 
 6 10 
 
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 Ducas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 37 
 
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 39 
 
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 1 Mahom- 
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 1G . 
 
 23 - 
 
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 1239 
 
 18 12 
 
 28 
 
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 10 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
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 30 
 
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 16 
 
 9 
 
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 25 29 
 
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 19 ■ 
 
 26 - 
 
 5955 
 
 1242 
 
 21 15 
 
 31 
 
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 5 
 
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 27 - 
 
 59.36 
 
 1243 
 
 22 16 
 
 32 
 
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 25 19 
 
 35 
 
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 14 ■ 
 
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 30 34 
 
 9 
 
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 31 - 
 
 5960 
 
 1247 
 
 26 20 
 
 36 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
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 14 
 
 31 35 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 32 - 
 
 5961 
 
 1248 
 
 27 21 
 
 37 
 
 u 
 
 19 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 32 36 
 
 11 
 
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 III. 
 
 33 - 
 
 5962 
 
 1249 
 
 28 22 
 
 38 
 
 [IV. 
 
 u 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 33 37 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 34 A 
 d 
 
 5963 
 
 1250 
 
 29 23 
 
 1 Conrad 
 1 William 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 34 38 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 35 - 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°45 
 
 ngs 
 
 of •§ 
 ce 
 
 Sicily 
 
 1 <s 
 
 Jerusalem 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WA R R I O R S 
 
 mteVI. 
 erkr. 10 
 lde- 11 
 rll. 
 Vic- 12 
 ious 
 13 
 
 5 Frederic 
 
 Amau- 5 
 
 6 rus 6 
 
 7 7 
 
 8 8 
 
 9 Interreg. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 John de 1 
 Brienne 
 
 4 Innocent 
 
 III. 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Saxo Grammaticus, historian 
 of Denmark, ob. 1208 
 
 Gervase of Canterbury, ' Chro- 
 
 nicleofEngland,1122— 1199,' 
 
 ob. — 
 
 Ralph de Diceto, historian 
 
 Arthur seeks protection from the Count de la Marche. — 
 
 Constance, Arthur's mother, dies. 
 The IVth Crusade under Henry Dandolo. — Prince Arthur 
 
 murdered at Rouen, Apr.3,1203. — Siege of Zara, Nov. 10. 
 First siege and conquest of Constantinople, July 18. — 
 
 Restoration of Isaac Angelus and Alexius. 
 Alexius deposed. — Second siege. — Election of Baldwin. — 
 
 Revolt of the Greeks. — Normandy united to France. 
 The Bulgarian war. — Defeat and captivity of Baldwin I. 
 
 Apr. 15. 
 Innocent III. enjoins the election of Stephen Langton to 
 
 the vacant see of Canterbury. 
 Langton is consecrated by Pope Innocent in person at 
 
 Viterbo, June 17. 
 The Bishops exhort the King to submission, which widens 
 
 the breach. — The Interdict pronounced, Mar. 23. 
 The Excommunication published, Nov. — King John not- 
 withstanding subdues the King of Scots. 
 King John lands in Ireland, and reduces castles, but in 
 
 twelve weeks returns. 
 
 William Marshal, Earl of 
 Pembroke, ob. 1219 
 
 Raymond VI. Count of Thou- 
 louse, ob. 1222 
 Simon Count de Montfort, 
 
 ob. 1218 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Eric 1 
 XI. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 o 
 
 — 3 
 
 — 4 
 
 5 
 
 — 6 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 9 
 
 — 10 
 shn I. 1 
 
 15 2 
 
 16 Frederic 3 
 crowned 
 
 17 emperor 4 
 
 18 5 
 
 19 6 
 
 20 7 
 
 21 8 
 
 22 ■ 9 
 
 23 10 
 
 24 11 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Honorius 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Walter of Coventry, historian 
 
 Accursius of Florence, author 
 of the ' Glosses,' 1151—1229 
 
 Dominic de Guzman, founder 
 of the Dominicans, 
 
 1170—1221 
 
 King John makes an expedition into Wales, and dictates 
 
 terms to Llewellyn at Snowdon. 
 Mahomed Alnasser defeated by Alfonso of Castile, at 
 
 Navas de Tolosa, July 12. 
 King Philip threatens invasion. — King John does homage 
 
 to the Pope before his legate at Dover, May 15. 
 Battle of Bouvines, John defeated by Philip, June 27. — 
 
 The Barons take to arms. 
 Magna Charta signed, June 19. — Is annulled by Innocent. 
 
 Xllth General Council, of the Lateran, Nov. 1 1 — 30. 
 Louis of France lands at the invitation of the Barons. — 
 
 King John retires to Newark ; he dies, Oct. 19, set. 49. 
 William Earl of Pembroke regent. — Battle of Lincoln. — 
 
 Prince Louis returns to France. 
 The sheriffs charged to see Magna Charta duly observed. — 
 
 Persia invaded by Zingis Khan. 
 The regent Earl of Pembroke dies. — Hubert de Burgh 
 
 and the Bishop of Winchester become rival ministers. 
 
 Archbishop Langton, ob. 1228 
 
 Constable Matthew de Mont- 
 morency, ob. 1230 
 
 Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, 
 
 ob. 1229 
 
 Theodore Comnenus, Prince 
 of Epirus 
 
 Empress Yoland 
 
 Peter de Roches, Bp. of Win- 
 chester 
 
 Hubert de Burgh, ob. 1243 
 
 - 2 
 
 - 3 
 
 He l 
 CII. le 
 Segue 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 25 12 
 
 26 13 
 
 27 14 
 
 28' 15 
 
 29 16 
 
 30 ■ 17 
 
 31 18 
 
 32 19 
 
 33 £ 
 
 34 — | 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 St. Antony of Padua, 
 
 1195—1231 
 
 John of Pisa, architect and 
 sculptor, ob. 1320 
 
 Alexander de Hales, ' the Irre- 
 fragable Doctor,' ob. 1245 
 
 Alexander King of Scotland does homage to King Henry, 
 and marries Joanna, his eldest sister, at York. 
 
 Pandulph resigns as legate and retires to the see of Nor- 
 wich. 
 
 King Henry demands the restitution of Normandy, for- 
 feited by King John, which Louis refuses. 
 
 King Louis confiscates all the lands of the English in 
 France, and subdues Poitou, Rochelle, &c. 
 
 Prince Richard, created Earl of Cornwall, is sent with 
 an army to the protection of Gascony. 
 
 Louis the Lion makes a crusade against the Albigeois, 
 but dies, and is succeeded by Louis the Saint. 
 
 King Henry dismisses the Bishop of Winchester by the 
 advice of Hubert de Burgh..— Death of Zingis Khan. 
 
 The Emperor Frederick II. is excommunicated by Pope 
 Gregory IX. for neglecting the crusades. 
 
 The Emperor Frederick obtains the surrender of Jerusa- 
 lem by concession rather than by force. 
 
 K. Henry lands at St. Malos, May 3, and is received by the 
 E. of Bretagne, but effects nothing, and returns Oct. 28. 
 
 Richard Marshal, Earl of 
 Pembroke, ob. 1234 
 
 Guerin, chancellor to Louis 
 VIII. ob. 1230 
 
 Raymond VII. Count of Thou- 
 louse, ob. 1249 
 
 Zingis Khan, ob. 1227 
 
 Blanche Queen Regent of 
 France, ob. a;t. 65, 1252 
 
 Peter de Rivaulx, treasurer to 
 Henry III. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Gregory 
 
 IX. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 
 35 2 
 
 p 
 
 36 S 
 
 5. 
 
 37 — a 
 
 38 g 
 
 39 | 
 
 40 i 
 
 41 . Z 
 
 42 1 
 
 43 | 
 
 ST 
 
 44 = 
 
 o 
 
 i- 
 
 Snorro Sturleson, ' the Edda,' 
 
 1178—1241 
 
 William Bp. of Paris, ob. 1248 
 
 The Almagest of Ptolemy translated from the Arabic into 
 
 Latin, by order of the Emperor Frederick II. 
 The Bishop of Winchester is recalled, and De Burgh dis- 
 missed, but the King spares his lands. 
 Contest between the Earl of Pembroke and the Bishop. — 
 
 The Earl is joined in Wales by Hubert. 
 The Earl is killed by the treachery of the Bishop, but 
 
 Hubert de Burgh is restored. 
 Pope Gregory invites the Bishop of Winchester to Rome, 
 
 in order to screen him from prosecution. 
 King Henry marries Eleanor of Provence. — William of 
 
 Valence, the Queen's uncle, gains the ascendant. 
 Alexander II. of Scotland claims the three counties. — The 
 
 Guelphs defeated by Frederick II. at Cortenova, Nov. 27. 
 Otho the legate arrives in England, but endeavours in 
 
 vain to gain footing in Scotland. 
 The Emperor Frederick II. is excommunicated a second 
 
 time by Pope Gregory IX. 
 Simon Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and Gilbert Earl of 
 
 Pembroke are now in favour with the King. 
 
 Eccelino, general of the Ghi- 
 bellints, ob. 1260 
 
 Stephen Segrave, minister to 
 
 Henry III. 
 Peter de Vignes, chancellor to 
 
 Frederic II. ob. 1249 
 William of Provence, minister 
 
 to Henry III. 
 
 10 
 
 — 11 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 — 14 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 — 16 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 18 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 VI. 19 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 25 
 
 — 26 
 
 27 
 
 3l 
 
 erreg. . 
 
 45 tt 
 
 46 % 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 1 Conrad I. 
 
 1 Celestine 
 IV. 16 d. 
 — Vacant 
 
 1 Innocent 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Matthew Paris, ' Historia Ma- 
 jor,' ob. 1259 
 
 Robert Grosseteste, Bp. of 
 Lincoln, 1175 — 1253 
 
 /■- 
 
 Abulfaragius, ' Universal His- 
 tory,' 1226—1286 
 Hugh de Balsham, Bp. of Ely, 
 ob. 1286 
 
 The Pisans arrest the Prelates in the Genoese gallies on 
 their way to the council at Rome, May 3. 
 
 Battles of Taillebourg and Saintes, Henry and the Count 
 de la Marche defeated by Louis the Saint. 
 
 A five years' truce ensues. — Hubert de Burgh dies. — In- 
 vasion of Syria by the Carizmians. 
 
 King Henry seizes all the lands held by the French in 
 England, by way of retaliation upon Louis. 
 
 XHIth General Council, of Lyons, June 28— July 17.— 
 Conquest of Hungary, &c. by the Moguls. 
 
 The King and Clergy join the Barons in remonstrance, 
 but the Pope, in revenge, taxes the Clergy heavily. 
 
 Three Parliaments this year send letters to the Court of 
 Rome, complaining' of exaction. 
 
 TheVth Crusade, under Louis IX. — Frederick II. forced 
 by the Guelphs to raise the siege of Parma, Ft b. 8. 
 
 Damietta surrenders to Louis IX. — The Ghibellines de- 
 feated at Fossalti, May 26. 
 
 Louis IX. captured, surrenders.^amietta, Apr. 5.— Flo- 
 rence declares its independence, Oct. 20. 
 
 Enguerrand de Couci, ob. 1253 
 
 Montfort, Earl of Leicester, 
 ob. 1265 
 
 Roger Bigod, Earl Marshal, 
 ob. 1269 
 
 
A.D. 1201—1250 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 45* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 10 Enrico Dandolo 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 Pietro Ziani 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Giacomo Tiepolo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Marino Morosini 
 
 Signori 
 a> .- 
 
 *** ~r S3 
 
 I of £ 
 
 Q Ferrara t* 
 
 6 Azzo VI. 
 
 Salingu- 7 
 7 erra II. 8 
 
 8 9 
 
 9 10 
 
 10 11 
 
 11 12 
 
 12 13 
 
 13 14 
 
 14 15 
 
 15 16 
 
 16 17 
 
 1 Aldov. 18 
 
 randini 
 
 2 I. 19 
 
 3 20 
 
 1 Azzo 21 
 
 VII. 
 
 2 ■ 22 
 
 3 23 
 
 4 24 
 
 5 25 
 
 6 26 
 
 7 27 
 
 8 28 
 
 9 29 
 
 10 30 
 
 11 31 
 
 12 32 
 
 13 33 
 
 14 34 
 
 15 35 
 
 16 36 
 
 17 37 
 
 18 38 
 
 19 39 
 
 20 40 
 
 21 41 
 
 22 42 
 
 23 43 
 
 24 44 
 
 25 45 
 
 26 46 
 
 27 47 
 
 28 48 
 
 29 49 
 
 30 Giacomo 1 
 
 31 2 
 
 32 3 
 
 33 4 
 
 34 5 
 
 35 6 
 
 36 7 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 10 Boniface 
 
 IL 
 
 11 
 
 1 William 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Boniface 
 
 III. 
 
 2 the Giant 
 
 •a Dukes g 
 
 5 M 
 
 S> of 5 
 
 9 Eudes III. 
 Arthur 6 
 
 10 7 
 
 11 Guy de 1 
 Tours, 
 regent 2 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Peter 1 
 Mau- 
 clerc 2 
 
 lHugh 
 
 IV. 
 2 
 
 20 John I. 1 
 the Red 
 
 21 2 
 
 £ Counts *. 
 
 <5 = 
 
 5 Dukes pq 
 
 8 Baldw. IX. 
 
 Henry 12 
 
 9 I. 13 
 
 10 14 
 
 11 Baldwin 15 
 Emp.of 
 
 12Constan-16 
 tinople 
 
 1 Jane and 17 
 
 Fcrdin- 
 
 2 and 18 
 
 3 19 
 
 4 20 
 
 5 21 
 
 6 22 
 
 7 23 
 
 8 24 
 
 9 25 
 
 10 26 
 
 11 27 
 
 12 28 
 
 13 29 
 
 14 30 
 
 15 31 
 
 16 32 
 
 17 33 
 
 18 34 
 
 19 35 
 
 20 36 
 
 21 37 
 
 22 38 
 
 23 39 
 
 24 40 
 
 25 41 
 
 26 42 
 
 27 43 
 
 28 Jane 44 
 alone 
 
 29 45 
 
 30 Henry 1 
 
 III. 
 
 31 2 
 
 32 3 
 
 33 4 
 
 34 5 
 
 35 6 
 
 36 7 
 
 37 8 
 
 38 9 
 
 IMargaretIO 
 
 II. of 
 2Constan- 11 
 
 tinople 
 3 12 
 
 4 13 
 
 5 Henry 1 
 
 IV. 
 
 6 2 
 
 7 S 
 
 Marqs. o 
 
 a 
 
 X 
 3 
 
 A Counts m 
 
 6 Philip I. 
 
 Ermen- 6 
 
 7 sind 7 
 and 
 
 8 Theo- 8 
 
 bald 
 - 9 
 
 1G 
 
 Iti 
 
 1 Jolantha 17 
 and Peter 
 
 2 deCour- 18 
 ten ay 
 
 3 Ermen- 1 
 
 sind & 
 
 4 Wale- 2 
 
 ran 
 
 1 Philip II. 3 
 de Cour- 
 
 2 tenay. 4 
 (Peter 
 
 3 elected 5 
 emperor 
 
 4 of 6 
 Constan- 
 
 5 tinople 7 
 
 1216) 
 
 [Court. 
 
 1 Henry del3 
 
 Henry 1 
 
 2 III.the2 
 
 Great 
 
 1 Margaret 3 
 de Cour. 
 
 2 tenay 4 
 
 1 Baldwin 12 
 de Cour. 
 
 2 tenay, 13 
 (elected 
 
 3 emp. of 14 
 Constan. 
 
 4 tinople 15 
 
 1228) 
 
 ,q Counts S 
 I of c 
 
 12Thier.VII. 
 
 Bald- 7 
 
 13 win 8 
 
 VI. 
 1 William 9 
 L 
 - 10 
 
 11 
 
 Jane 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Florence 18 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 19 
 
 1 William 29 
 
 IL 
 
 2 30 
 
 11 Marga- 1 
 ret 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 elected 
 emperor 
 
 Dukes = 
 
 m Electors pq 
 
 6Conrad III. 
 
 Otho 18 
 
 7 II. 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 Albert 1 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Frederic 3 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 4 
 
 5 Frederic 7 
 crowned 
 
 6 emperor 8 
 
 1 Henry 14 
 
 II. 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 John I. 1 
 and 
 Otho 2 
 III. 
 
 1 Conrad 15 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 16 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 14 - - 28 
 
 15 29 
 
 16 elected 20 
 emperor 
 
 Dukes o 
 
 pq Electors p. 
 
 19 Louis I. 
 Henry 6 
 of 7 
 Saxe 
 
 45 Otho II. 1 
 the Illus- 
 
 46 trious 2 
 
 1 Otho II. 5 
 Elector 
 
 2 Palatine 6 
 
 5 Dukes _j 
 
 22 Bernd. III. 
 
 Sig-s- 26 
 
 23 mund 27 
 
 II. 
 
 29 
 
 Ferri 1 
 
 I. 
 Ferri 1 
 
 II. 
 
 32 6 
 
 1 Albert I. 7 
 
 2 Theobald 1 
 L 
 
 9 Matthew 1 
 IL 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 '25 
 2fi 
 87 
 2S 
 2!) 
 
 30 
 SI 
 
 
A.D. 1251—1300 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 1 
 
 CL, 
 
 3 
 -> 
 
 S 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 5964 
 
 1251 
 
 5965 
 
 1252 
 
 5966 
 
 1253 
 
 5967 
 
 1254 
 
 5968 
 
 1255 
 
 5969 
 
 1256 
 
 5970 
 
 1257 
 
 5971 
 
 1258 
 
 5972 
 
 1259 
 
 5973 
 
 1260 
 
 5974 
 
 1261 
 
 5975 
 
 1262 
 
 5976 
 
 1263 
 
 5977 
 
 1264 
 
 5978 
 
 1265 
 
 5979 
 
 1266 
 
 5980 
 
 1267 
 
 5981 
 
 1268 
 
 5982 
 
 1269 
 
 5983 
 
 1270 
 
 5984 
 
 1271 
 
 5985 
 
 1272 
 
 5986 
 
 1273 
 
 5987 
 
 1274 
 
 5988 
 
 1275 
 
 5989 
 
 1276 
 
 5990 
 
 1277 
 
 5991 
 
 1278 
 
 5992 
 
 1279 
 
 5993 
 
 1280 
 
 5994 
 5995 
 
 1281 
 1282 
 
 5996 
 5997 
 5998 
 5999 
 6000 
 6001 
 6002 
 6003 
 
 6004 
 6005 
 6006 
 6007 
 6008 
 6009 
 6010 
 6011 
 6012 
 6013 
 
 1283 
 1284 
 1285 
 1286 
 1287 
 1288 
 1289 
 1290 
 
 1291 
 1292 
 1293 
 1294 
 1295 
 1296 
 1297 
 1298 
 1299 
 1300 
 
 Latin S 
 
 30 John Vat. 
 
 Bald- 24 
 
 31 win 25 
 
 IL 
 
 32 26 
 
 33 27 
 
 1 Theo- 28 
 
 dore 
 
 2 Lasca- 29 
 
 1 John 32 
 Lascaris 
 
 1 Michael 33 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 Palaeo- O 
 
 logus % 
 
 22 
 
 1 Androni. 
 cus II. 
 
 2 Palaeolo- 
 gus the 
 
 3 Elder 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 | 
 
 14 • | 
 
 15 — 1 
 
 16 S 
 
 o 
 
 17 S 
 
 18 Othmanl 
 
 19 2 
 
 2 William 
 
 of 
 
 3 Holland 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Richard 
 of 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Richard 
 ob 
 
 1 Rodolph 
 
 of 
 
 2 Haps- 
 burg 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 t? Kings 5 
 
 % Of 8 
 
 17BelaIV. 
 Wences-22 
 
 18 las III. 23 
 
 19 Premis- 1 
 
 las II. 
 
 20 theVic-2 
 torious 
 3 
 
 1 Stephen 18 
 IV. 
 
 1 Ladislas 20 
 
 III. 
 
 2 21 
 
 7 Wences- 1 
 
 las IV. 
 
 8 2 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 lAdolph. 
 of 
 
 2 Nassau 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Albert 
 
 I. of 
 
 2 Austria 
 
 Poland. 
 Kings, 
 Dukes 
 
 25 Boleslas 
 
 V. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 1 Lesko 
 VI. the 
 
 2 Black 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 26LouisIX. 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Philip 
 III. the 
 
 2 Hardy 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 III. the 
 
 
 2Venetian 14 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 1 Charo- 
 bert 
 
 23 
 
 1 Premis- 
 las, king 
 
 1 Ladislas 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Short 
 
 3 
 
 4 , 
 
 lWences- 
 
 1 as, king 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Philip 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Fair 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 19Amadeus 
 
 III. 
 20 
 
 1 Boniface- 
 Rolando 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Peter le 
 
 Petit 
 
 2 Charle- 
 magne 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Philip I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Amadeus 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Great 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Granada 
 
 18 Theo- 
 bald I. 
 
 19 
 
 1 Theo- 
 bald II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 Henry I. 
 Crassus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Joanna 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 35Fernd. III. 
 Jas. 1.39 
 
 1 Alfonso 40 
 X.the 
 
 2 Wise 41 
 
 14Mahom- 
 ed I. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 marries 
 
 Philip 
 
 13 the Fair 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 Pedro 1 
 IIL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 lSanchoIV9 
 the Great 
 
 2 Alfonso 1 
 III. the 
 
 3 Benefi- 2 
 
 cent 
 
 4 3 
 
 James 1 
 II. the 
 Just 2 
 
 1 Ferdin- 
 and IV. 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 
 ed II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 
 
 4 Alfonso 
 
 iir 
 
 5 
 
 36 He 
 
 Al 
 
 37 dc 
 
 6 
 
 38 - 
 
 7 
 
 39 - 
 
 8 
 
 40 - 
 
 9 
 
 41 - 
 
 10 
 
 42 - 
 
 11 
 
 43 - 
 
 12 
 
 44 - 
 
 13 
 
 45 - 
 
 14 
 
 46 - 
 
 15 
 
 47 - 
 
 16 
 
 48 - 
 
 17 
 
 49 - 
 
 18 
 
 50 - 
 
 19 
 
 51 - 
 
 20 
 
 52 - 
 
 21 
 
 53 - 
 
 22 
 
 54 - 
 
 23 
 
 55 - 
 
 24 
 
 56 - 
 
 25 
 
 lEd 
 
 26 
 
 2 - 
 
 27 
 
 3 - 
 
 28 
 
 4 - 
 
 29 
 
 5 - 
 
 30 
 
 6 - 
 
 31 
 
 7 - 
 
 1 Dionysi- 
 
 usthe 
 
 2 Liberal 
 
 8 - 
 
 9 - 
 
 3 
 
 10 - 
 
 4 
 
 11 - 
 
 5 
 
 12 - 
 
 6 
 
 13 - 
 
 7 
 
 14 - 
 
 8 
 
 15 B 
 
 9 
 
 16 - 
 
 10 
 
 17 - 
 
 11 
 
 18 - 
 
 12 
 
 19 Ir 
 
 13 
 
 20 - 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 22 - 
 
 16 
 
 23 - 
 
 17 
 
 24 - 
 
 18 
 
 25 Ii 
 
 19 
 
 26 - 
 
 20 
 
 27 - 
 
 21 
 
 28 - 
 
 22 
 
 29 - 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 46 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Sicily 
 
 2 Conrad I. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Conrad II. 
 
 or 
 
 2 Conradin 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Manfred 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Charles I. 
 of Anjou 
 
 2 
 
 111 
 
 I2 55 
 
 S 
 
 1S.S 
 
 •a 
 
 14" 
 
 a 
 
 15 5 
 
 16£- — + 
 
 if* Pedro 1 
 I. the 
 
 18 Great 2 
 
 K. of 
 
 19 Arra. 3 
 
 gon 
 1 Charles II. 
 James 1 
 2£ — 2 
 
 3 | — 3 
 
 4s| — 4 
 
 M 
 
 T3 
 
 5fiT — S 
 
 12 Frederic 1 
 
 II. 
 
 13 2 
 
 14 3 
 
 15 4 
 
 16 5 
 
 POPES 
 
 9 Innocent 
 
 IV. 
 10 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Urban IV. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 — Vacant 
 
 1 Gregory X. 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 [V. 
 1 Innocent 
 1 Adrian V. 
 1 John XX. 
 
 1 Nicholas 
 
 2 III. 
 
 1 Martin IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Honorius 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Nicholas 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 ICelestineV. 
 
 1 Boniface 
 
 2 VIII. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 St. Thomas d' Aquinas, ' Sum- 
 ma Theologias,' 1224 — 1274 
 
 Cardinal Bonaventure, the 
 ' Seraphic Doctor,' 
 
 1221—1274 
 
 John de Joinville, ' Memoirs 
 of St Louis' 
 
 Albertus Magnus, occult phi- 
 losoph. 1205—1280 
 
 Roger Bacon, ' Opus Majus,' 
 1214—1292 
 
 Robert de Sorbonne, founder 
 of the College, 1201—1274 
 
 Walter de Merton, Bp. of Ro- 
 chester, founder of Merton 
 College, ob. 1277 
 
 Giovanni Cimabue, the reviver 
 of painting in Italy, 
 
 1240—1300 
 
 Durandus, Bishop of Mende, 
 ' Speculator,' ob. 1296 
 
 Henry of Ghent, the 'Scho- 
 lastic,' ob. aet. 76, 1293 
 
 Raymond Lully, philosoph. 
 
 ob. aet. 80, 1315 
 Peter Langtoft, ' English 
 
 Chronicle ' 
 Jacobus de Voragine, ' Golden 
 
 Legend,' ob. 1298 
 
 Arnolf di Lapo, Italian archi- 
 tect, 1232—1300 
 
 Albertet, Provencal poet and 
 mathematician 
 
 John Duns Scotus, the ' most 
 Subtile Doctor,' 
 
 ob. aet. 43, 1308 
 
 Marco Polo, the Venetian tra- 
 
 . veller 
 
 Thebit, Arabian astronomer 
 
 Nicholas Trivet, hist. ' An. 
 nales Regum Anglia?,' 
 
 ob. 1328 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 The Mayor of London now first sworn before the Barons of 
 the Exchequer. 
 
 The King fails in obtaining the tenth of the revenues of 
 the Clergy in aid of the Crusades. 
 
 The astronomical tables of Alfonso X., King of Castile, 
 composed about this time. 
 
 The Pope offers the Crown of Sicily to King Henry for 
 Prince Edmund, which is declined. 
 
 King Henry extorts 18,000 marks from the Jews, who beg 
 to leave the kingdom. 
 
 King Henry sends ambassadors to Louis to demand Nor- 
 mandy, but fails. 
 
 Richard Earl of Cornwall crowned King of the Romans 
 at Aix-la-Chapelle, May 17. 
 
 ' The Provisions of Oxford,' enacted by the Barons. — Fall 
 of Bagdad, and end of the Arabian Caliphat. 
 
 Richard King of the Romans, landing at Dover, is com- 
 pel. ed to swear to ' The Provisions.' 
 
 Battle of Arbia, Sept. 4. — The Ghibellines enter Florence, 
 and take the oath to Manfred. - 
 
 Constantinople recovered by the Greeks, July 25. — Michael 
 
 Palaeologus banishes Theodore Lascaris. 
 The Barons abandon most of 'The Provisions.' — King 
 
 Henry resumes the royal authority. 
 Alternate ascendancy of each party, who propose an award 
 
 to Louis of France. 
 Battle of Lewes, May 13. — Montfort summons ' The 
 
 Commons' to Parliament in the King's name. 
 Prince Edward escapes to the Earl of Gloucester. — Battle 
 
 of Evesham, Montfort, Earl of Leicester, killed, Aug. 4. 
 Battle of Grandella, Manfred defeated by Charles of An- 
 jou, who subdues the Sicilies, Feb. 26. 
 The Earl of Gloucester breaks with the King, but peace 
 
 ensues. — Ely surrenders, and the Barons' wars end. 
 Battle of Tagliocozzo, Charges of Anjou defeats Conradin, 
 
 Aug. 23, who is beheaded, Oct. 29. 
 Parliament grants a twentieth part of all movables for 
 
 the Crusade to the Holy Land. 
 Prince Edward sails for Palestine with Louis IX. who 
 
 dies at Tunis, Aug. 25. 
 
 Prince Edward relieves Acre, and takes Nazareth. — He 
 is wounded by an assassin, whom he fells. 
 
 King Henry dies, Nov. 16, aet. 66. — Conquest of Anatolia 
 by the Moguls. 
 
 Commencement of the Austrian dynasty. 
 
 XlVth General Council, of Lyons, May 7 — July 17. Insti- 
 tution of the Conclave at Rome. — K. Edward lands July. 
 
 Llewellyn Prince of Wales refuses homage, and seizes 
 Rhudlan and other castles. 
 
 King Edward refuses to release Lady Eleanor de Montfort, 
 who was taken on her way to Llewellyn in Wales. 
 
 Napoleon della Torre captured at Desio by Otho Arch- 
 bishop of Milan, Jan. 21. 
 
 K. Edward releases Lady Eleanor, who marries Llewellyn. 
 Battle of Marchfield, Ottocar defeated by Rodolph. 
 
 Conquest of Southern China by the Moguls. — King Ed- 
 ward resigns Normandy. — Statute of Mortmain. 
 
 The Emperor Michael Palasologus instigates the revolt 
 of Sicily. 
 
 The Princess of Wales dying, Llewellyn takes up arms 
 and defeats King Edward's forces. 
 
 Llewellyn slain.— The Sicilian Vespers, Mar. 30. — The 
 Crown of Sicily transferred to Peter of Arragon. 
 
 David Prince of Wales is taken and executed at Shrews- 
 bury. — Wales is united to England. 
 
 Edward Prince of Wales born at Caernarvon, Apr. 25. — 
 Charles of Anjou defeated by Roger de Loria, Oct. 2. 
 
 Alexander King of Scotland killed by a fall from his 
 
 horse, Margaret ' the Maid of Norway ' succeeds. 
 King Edward throws all the Jews into prison till they 
 
 have paid £12,000, and then banishes them. 
 John de Kirkby, the treasurer, summons a Parliament, 
 
 and demands an aid for the King, which is refused. 
 The Judges being found guilty of bribery are severely 
 
 fined, and their estates confiscated. 
 Marriage contract— P. Edward and Margaret of Scotland. 
 
 The young Queen dies on her return from Norway. 
 
 King Edward is acknowledged as Lord of Scotland by all 
 
 claimants. — Loss of Acre and the Holy Land. 
 King Edward declares John Baliol King of Scotland, 
 
 who does homage to him at Newcastle. 
 Baliol, being cited before the Court of Edward, temporizes 
 
 till war ensues. 
 Edward, being tricked by Philip the Fair out of Guienne, 
 
 renounces his homage. — He finally subdues Wales. 
 Baliol leagues with France, and is prevented by his Barons 
 
 from obeying the summons of Edward. 
 Baliol is defeated by Edward, and abdicates, July 2.— The 
 
 parties of the Neri and the Bianchi at Florence begin. 
 The English are defeated by Wallace and Moray at Cam- 
 
 buskenneth, and are driven out of Scotland. 
 Battle of Falkirk, July 22.— Battle of Spires, by Albert of 
 
 Austria, the Emperor Adolphus killed, July 2. 
 Bruce, Comyn, and Lamberton, acting as regents, refer the 
 
 struggle for Scottish independence to the Pope. 
 Pope Boniface insists that Scotland is held of the Holy 
 
 See. — Institution of the Jubilee, or Holy Year. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Peter de Villebeon, minister to 
 Louis the Saint, ob. 1270 
 
 Richard Earl of Gloucester, 
 ob. 12G2 
 
 Richard Earl of Cornwall, 
 
 ob. 1270 
 
 Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, 
 
 ob. 1295 
 
 Stephen Boileau 
 
 Peter de la Brosse, minister to 
 
 Philip le Hardi 
 Waiter GifTard, Al p. of York, 
 
 minister to Edward, ob. 1279 
 
 Matthew de Vendome, minis- 
 ter to Philip le Hardi, 
 
 ob. 1286 
 
 Llewellyn Prince of Wales, 
 
 ob. 1282 
 
 Roger de Loria, admiral, 
 
 ob. post 1287 
 John de Procida, minister to 
 
 Peter King of Arragon 
 Turgel, regent of Sweden 
 
 Adomar de Valence, Earl of 
 Pembroke, ob. 1323 
 
 Roger de Brabazon, Justiciary 
 of England 
 
 Humphrey Bohun, Lord High 
 Constable, ob. 1298 
 
 Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, 
 ob 1306 
 
 Sir William Wallace, ob. 1305 
 ./ 
 
A.D. 1251—1300 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 46* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 3 Marino Morosini 
 1 Ranieri Zeno 
 
 :2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Lorenzo Tiepolo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Giacomo Contari- 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Giovanni Dandolo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Pietro Gradenigo 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 199 U 
 fOO 12 
 
 Signori 
 o — 
 
 5 of I 
 
 3 Ferrara h 
 
 37 Azzo VII. 
 Giaco- 8 
 mo 9 
 
 1 Obizzo 21 
 
 II. 
 
 2 22 
 
 3 23 
 
 4 24 
 
 5 25 
 
 6 26 
 
 7 Salingu. 1 
 erra III. 
 
 29 
 
 1 Azzo 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 27 Boniface 
 III. 
 
 29 jg 
 
 1 William o 
 
 V. the c 
 
 2 Great .2 
 
 4 Martin 1 
 
 del la 
 
 5 Torre 2 
 
 12 Napoleon 1 
 
 delta 
 
 13 Torre 2 
 
 24 Otto 
 Visconti 
 
 25 abp. of 2 
 
 Milan 
 
 26 3 
 
 27 4 
 
 1 John I. 16 
 the Just 
 
 2 . 17 
 
 4 Matthew 1 
 
 I. the 
 
 5 Great 2 
 
 ■g Dukes S 
 
 § 60 
 
 M of 2 
 
 34 Hugh IV. 
 John 15 
 L 16 
 
 1 Robert 36 
 II. 
 
 15 John II. 1 
 
 16 2 
 
 17 3 
 
 18 4 
 
 19 5 
 
 Counts .u. 
 
 £ Dukes pq 
 
 8 Margt. II. 
 Henry 4 
 III. 5 
 
 18 John I. 1 
 
 the Vic- 
 
 19 torious 2 
 
 1 Guy de 20 
 Dampi. 
 
 2 erre 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 33 
 
 15 John II. 1 
 
 the 
 
 16 Pacific 2 
 
 Marqs. 
 
 Z Counts ,-3 
 
 15 Baldwin 
 Henry 26 
 III. 27 
 
 1 Guyde 38 
 
 Dampi. 
 
 2 erre 39 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 Henry 1 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Henry 1 
 V. 
 
 29 - 
 
 30 - 
 
 31 - 
 
 32 - 
 
 33 - 
 
 34 - 
 
 1 John I. 10 
 
 2 11 
 
 3 12 
 
 4 13 
 
 ^ Counts *• 
 
 a 2 
 
 S3 0f 5 
 
 "o S 
 
 X X 
 
 18 William II. 
 
 Marga- h 
 
 19 ret 9 
 
 1 Florence 13 
 
 V. 
 
 2 14 
 
 25 John D' 1 
 Avennes 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 . 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 1 John 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 1 John a; £ 
 II. 2.^8 
 
 a »»5 
 
 aa Electors pq 
 
 17 Conrad IV. 
 
 John 31 
 
 18 and 32 
 Otho 
 
 19 33 
 
 1 Conrad 34 
 
 V.or 
 
 2 Conra. 35 
 
 din 
 
 3 36 
 
 37 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 John 1 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Otho 1 
 IV. 
 
 Dukes 
 
 pq Electors p. 
 
 21 Otho II. 
 
 Otho 25 
 
 22 II. 26 
 
 1 Louis II. 1 
 
 the 
 
 2 Severe 2 
 Elector 
 
 3 of 3 
 Bavaria 
 
 4 and 4 
 Elector 
 
 5 Palatine 5 
 
 1 Louis III. 
 
 Rodolph 1 
 
 2 Lie 2 
 Begue 
 
 3 3 
 
 Electors o 
 
 c2 Dukes jj 
 
 40 Albert. I. 
 Ferri 1 
 III. 2 
 
 1 Albert 10 
 II. 
 
 11 
 IS 
 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 a 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 - 41 
 
 - 42 
 ■ 43 
 
 - 44 
 • 45 
 
 - 46 
 8 47 
 
 1 Rodolph 48 
 
 2 49 
 
 3 50 
 
 

A.D. 1301—1350 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 •6 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •fi 
 o 
 Fm 
 
 3 
 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 a 
 < 
 
 * Emprs.of g 
 
 a S* 
 H Ottoman pq 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 it 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 Kings .2 
 
 of i 
 
 .c 
 o 
 
 pq 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 KINGS 
 
 Castile 
 Navarre 
 
 IN SPAIN 
 
 Arragon 
 
 Granada 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 23 Dionysi- 
 
 -a Kir 
 
 a 
 
 & — 
 
 6014 
 
 1301 
 
 20Andro. III. 
 
 4 Albert I. 
 
 2 Charobert 
 
 2Wences- 
 
 17 Philip 
 
 17Amadeus 
 
 28 Joanna 
 
 7 Fernd. IV. 
 
 29 Mahom- 
 
 30-Edw 
 
 
 
 Othman 3 
 
 
 Wences- 24 
 
 
 IV. 
 
 IV. 
 
 I. 
 
 
 James 11 
 
 ed II. 
 
 us the 
 
 Intt 
 
 6015 
 
 1302 
 
 21 4 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 las IV. 25 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 II. 12 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 ed III. 
 
 24 Liberal 
 
 31 — 
 
 6016 
 
 1303 
 
 22 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 32 — 
 
 6017 
 
 1304 
 
 23 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 1 Ladislas 
 the Short 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 33 — 
 
 6018 
 
 1305 
 
 24 7 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 Wences- 1 
 lasV. 
 
 2 again 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 1 Louis 
 Hutin 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 34 — 
 
 6019 
 
 1306 
 
 25 8 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 Henry 1 
 and 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 2 ■ — - 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 35 R( 
 B 
 
 6020 
 
 1307 
 
 26 9 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 Rodolph2 
 of 
 Haps- 3 
 
 4 ' 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 lEdw 
 I 
 
 2 — 
 
 6021 
 
 1308 
 
 27 10 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 U 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 VII. of 
 
 
 burg 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6022 
 
 1309 
 
 28 11 
 
 2 Luxem- 
 burg 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 u 
 
 19 
 
 1 Alnas- 
 sar 
 
 31 
 
 3 — 
 
 6023 
 
 1310 
 
 29 12 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 John of 1 
 Luxem- 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 4 — 
 
 6024 
 
 1311 
 
 30 13 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 burg 2 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 5 — 
 
 6025 
 
 1312 
 
 31 14 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 8 
 
 1 Alfonso 22 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 6 — 
 
 6026 
 
 1313 
 
 32 15 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 1 Ismail 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 35 
 
 7 — 
 
 6027 
 
 1314 
 
 33 ■ 16 
 
 1 Louis ' 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 1 Louis X. 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 36 
 
 •8 — 
 
 
 
 
 IV. of 
 
 
 
 
 Hutin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6028 
 
 1315 
 
 34 17 
 
 2 Bavaria 
 and 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 2 King of 
 Navarre 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 [4d. 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 9 — 
 
 6029 
 
 1316 
 
 35 18 
 
 3 Frederic 
 III. of 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 UohnI.4d 
 1 Philip 
 
 32 
 
 1 John I. 
 1 Philip 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 38 
 
 10 — 
 
 6030 
 
 1317 
 
 36 19 
 
 4 Austria 
 rival 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 2 V. the 
 Long 
 
 33 
 
 2 King of 
 France 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 39 
 
 11 — 
 
 6031 
 
 1318 
 
 37 20 
 
 5 emperors 
 
 19 
 
 9 
 
 15 . 
 
 3 King of 
 Navarre 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 12 — 
 
 6032 
 
 1319 
 
 38 21 
 
 6 
 
 eo 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 29 
 
 7 • 
 
 41 
 
 13 — 
 
 6033 
 
 1320 
 
 39 22 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 17 takes 
 the 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 42 
 
 14 — 
 
 6034 
 
 1321 
 
 40 23 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 18 regal 
 title 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 37 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 43 
 
 15 — 
 
 6035 
 
 1322 
 
 41 24 
 
 9 
 
 S3 
 
 13 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 38 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 11 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 44 
 
 16 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IV. 
 
 
 I. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6036 
 
 1323 
 
 42 25 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 2 le Bel 
 King of 
 
 1 Edward 
 
 2 King of 
 France 
 
 12 
 
 33 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 17 — 
 
 6037 
 
 1324 
 
 43 26 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 3 Navarre 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 46 
 
 18 — 
 
 6038 
 
 1325 
 
 44 27 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 II 
 
 35 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 ed IV. 
 
 1 Alfonso 
 IV. the 
 
 19 — 
 
 6039 
 
 1326 
 
 45 Orchan 1 
 
 13 
 
 27 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 u 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 2 Brave 
 
 20 — 
 
 6040 
 
 1327 
 
 46 2 
 
 14 
 
 a 
 
 18 
 
 24 . 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 Alfonso 1 
 IV. 
 
 3 
 
 3 — -i 
 
 lEdw 
 
 I 
 
 6041 
 
 1328 
 
 47 3 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 19 
 
 25 
 
 1 Philip 
 VI.de 
 
 6 
 
 1 Joanna 
 II. and 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 — 
 
 6042 
 
 1329 
 
 48 4 
 
 16 
 
 :;o 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 2 Valois 
 
 1 Aimon 
 the 
 
 2 Philip 
 Count 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 3 E 
 
 6043 
 
 1330 
 
 49 5 
 
 17 Louis 
 alone 
 
 31 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 2 Peace 
 Maker 
 
 3 d'Ev- 
 reux 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4 B 
 
 6044 
 
 1331 
 
 50 — — 6 
 
 18 
 
 98 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 5 — 
 
 6045 
 
 1332 
 
 lAndroni- 7 
 cus III. 
 
 19 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 8 , 
 
 6 — 
 
 6046 
 
 1333 
 
 2 Palaeolo- 8 
 gus the 
 
 20 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 1 Casimir 
 III. the 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 1 Yussef 
 I. 
 
 9 
 
 7 — 
 
 6047 
 
 1334 
 
 3 Younger 9 
 
 21 
 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 2 Great 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 <a 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 8 — 
 
 6048 
 
 1335 
 
 4 10 
 
 22 
 
 36 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 8 i 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 9 — 
 
 6049 
 
 1336 
 
 5 11 
 
 23 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 Pedro 1 
 IV. the 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 10 — 
 
 6050 
 
 1337 
 
 6 12 
 
 24 . . 
 
 38 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 26 
 
 Ceremo- 2 
 nious 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 11 — 
 
 6051 
 
 1338 
 
 7 13 
 
 25 
 
 39 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 12 — 
 
 6052 
 
 1339 
 
 8 14 
 
 26 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 13 — 
 
 6053 
 
 1340 
 
 9 15 
 
 27 
 
 41 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 14 — 
 
 6054 
 
 1341 
 
 1 John 16 
 Palasolo- 
 
 28 
 
 42 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 15 — 
 
 6055 
 
 1342 
 
 2 gus I. 17 
 
 29 
 
 I Xm 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 16 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I. the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6056 
 
 1343 
 
 3 18 
 
 30 
 
 <i 
 
 Great 34 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 lAmadeus 
 V. the 
 
 16 Joanna 
 alone 
 
 33 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 17 — 
 
 6057 
 
 1344 
 
 4 19 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 2 Green 
 Count 
 
 17 
 
 3;> 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 18 — 
 
 6058 
 
 1345 
 
 5 20 
 
 32 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 3f 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 21 
 
 19 — 
 
 6059 
 
 1346 
 
 6 21 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 Charles 1 
 elected 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 ss 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 20 — 
 
 6060 
 
 1347 
 
 1 John 22 
 Canta- 
 
 1 Charles 
 IV. of 
 
 6 
 
 empe- 2 
 ror 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 21 — 
 
 6061 
 
 1348 
 
 2 cuzene 23 
 
 2 Luxem- 
 
 burg 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 37 
 
 13 
 
 16 — 
 
 24 
 
 22- — 
 
 6062 
 
 1349 
 
 3 24 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 II. 
 
 2 the Bad 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 23 — 
 
 6063 
 
 1350 
 
 4 25 
 
 4 
 
 n 
 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 1 John II. 
 
 8 
 
 1 Pedro 15 
 
 18 
 
 26 
 
 24 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the Good 
 
 
 
 
 the Cruel 
 
 
 
 
[STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 47 
 
 Kings 
 
 a. of -5" 
 
 17 Charles II. 
 
 Frede- 6 
 
 18 ric I. 7 
 
 19 8 
 
 20 9 
 
 21 10 
 
 22 11 
 
 23 12 
 
 24 13 
 
 1 Robert 14 
 
 the 
 
 2 Wise 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 17 
 
 5 18 
 
 6 19 
 
 7 20 
 
 8 21 
 
 9 22 
 
 10 23 
 
 11 24 
 
 12 25 
 
 13 26 
 
 14 27 
 
 15 28 
 
 16 29 
 
 17 SO 
 
 18 31 
 
 19 32 
 
 20 33 
 
 21 34 
 
 22 35 
 
 23 36 
 
 24 37 
 
 25 38 
 
 26 39 
 
 27 40 
 
 28 41 
 
 29 Pedro 1 
 
 II. 
 
 30 2 
 
 31 3 
 
 32 4 
 
 33 5 
 
 34 Louis 1 
 
 1 Joanna 2 
 
 I. 
 
 2 3 
 
 3 4 
 
 4 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 6 7 
 
 7 8 
 
 8 9 
 
 8 Boniface 
 
 VIII. 
 
 9 
 
 1 Benedict 
 XI. 
 
 — Vacant 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 V. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 — Vacant 
 
 1 John 
 XXII. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Benedict 
 
 XII. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Peter de Apono, ' Conciliator,' 
 1250—1315 
 Flavio Giola, improver of the 
 mariner's compass ? 
 
 Dante Alighieri, 1265—1321 
 
 Arnoldus de Villanova, * Per- 
 scrutator,' 1238—1314 
 
 Giotto, ' the second reviver of 
 painting in Italy,' 1276—1336 
 
 Durandus, Bishop of Anicium, 
 ob. 1333 
 
 Nicholas de Lyra, Catholic 
 Jew, ob. 1340 
 
 Abulfeda, Arabian geographer 
 and historian, 1273—1331 
 
 John Brompton, ' Chronicon,' 
 588—1198, ob. — 
 
 William Occam, ' Inceptor,' 
 ob. 1347 
 
 Nicephorus Gregorias, Byzan- 
 tine historian, ob. 1350 
 
 Barlaam, the Calabrian, 
 
 ob. cir. 1348 
 
 Leontius Pilatus of Thessalo- 
 nica, Greek preceptor to Pe- 
 trarch and Boccacio 
 
 Richard of Cirencester, ' De- 
 scription of Britain,' ob. 1401 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Dante Alighieri is exiled from Florence with the Bian- 
 chi faction, by Charles of Valois. 
 
 The royal forests enacted to be perpetual, Feb. 14.— The 
 mariner's compass supposed by some to be invented. 
 
 King Edward eaters Scotland with a powerful army. — 
 A treaty is concluded with John Comyn. 
 
 Wallace is betrayed to S.r John Monteith. — Death of 
 Cazan, May 31, and decline of the Moguls. 
 
 King Edward consults Bruce, and plans the government 
 of Scotland. — Wallace is executed. 
 
 Robert Bruce kills Comyn", and is crowned at Scone, 
 Mar. 29. — King Edward proceeds to Carlisle. 
 
 King Edward I. dies, July 7, set. 67. — Piers Gaveston re- 
 called, and created Earl of Cornwall. 
 
 The Barons demand the banishment of Gaveston. — Inde- 
 pendence of the Swiss Cantons established, Jan. 13. 
 
 Gaveston is permitted to return by the Barons, whom he 
 insults. — The Papal Court removed to Avignon. 
 
 Twenty-eight bishops and barons are constituted ' Or- 
 dainers,' to control the royal excesses. 
 
 Royal assent to the ' Ordinances.' — Gaveston retires. — 
 
 Institution of the Council of Ten at Venice. 
 Gaveston beheaded at Warwick Castle. — XVth General 
 
 Council, of Vienne, Oct. 16, 1311— May 6, 1312. 
 The Barons and the King are reconciled. — The Scots take 
 
 Edinburgh Castle. 
 Battle of Bannockburn, and flight of Edward, June 24. — 
 
 The Cardinals lire the Conclave, and separate. 
 Edward Bruce, invited by the Irish chiefs, lands at Car- 
 
 rickfergus, and burns Dundalk. 
 Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland — Robert Bruce 
 
 passes over to his aid, but returns next year. 
 The Irish chieftains justify their choice of Edward Bruce 
 
 to Pope John, and desire his protection. 
 Battle of Dundalk, Edward Bruce defeated by John Lord 
 
 Birmingham, and slain, Oct. 5. 
 The younger Despenser introduced at Court. — Truce for 
 
 two years between England and Scotland. 
 Scottish memorial to Pope John XXII. — The two Despen- 
 
 sers wholly engross the King's favour. 
 
 The Barons rebel. — The Despensers are banished. — King 
 Edward takes to arms. — The Despensers are recalled. 
 
 Battleof Muhldorf, Frederick III. taken prisoner by Louis 
 of Bavaria Sept. 28. — Thomas Earl of Lancaster beh. 
 
 Truce with Scotland for thirteen years. — Roger Mortimer 
 escapes from the Tower of London to France. 
 
 Charles le Bel invades Guienne. — Queen Isabel takes of- 
 fence at the Despensers for controlling her revenue. 
 
 Queen Isabel goes over to France, forms a connection 
 with Mortimer, and is joined by the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Queen Isabel lands an army. — The Despensers are taken 
 and hanged. — The King is confined at Kenilworth. 
 
 King Edward II. resigns the crown, Jan. 7, art. 43, and is 
 murdered at Berkeley Castle, Sept. 21. 
 
 Peace with Scotland. — King Edward III. resigns all claim 
 of superiority over that kingdom. 
 
 Edmund Earl of Kent beheaded for unfounded conspi- 
 racy, Mar. 21. 
 
 Battle of Mount-cassel, Aug. 23. — Mortimer is seized in 
 Nottingham Castle, Oct. 19, and executed, Nov. 26. 
 
 King Edward projects the conquest of Scotland. — The 
 
 Knights of the Teutonic order settle in Prussia. 
 Edward Baliol defeats the regent Mar, Aug. 11, is crowned 
 
 at Scone, Sept. 24 : and is defeated by Moray, Dec. 16. 
 Battle of Halidon Hill, July 19. — Surrender of Berwick, 
 
 July 20.— Flight of K. David.— Edward Baliol restored. 
 Baliol does homage to Edward ; but the Scots, resenting 
 
 his concessions, drive him to England. 
 Scotland desolated by Edward in reprisal. 
 
 King Edward demands restitution from Philip of Valois 
 of the several places detained from him. 
 
 James Atteveldt, a brewer of Ghent, becomes an impor- 
 tant ally to the King of England. 
 
 King Edward lands at Antwerp, July 22. — He proceeds 
 to Ghent, and enlarges the privileges of the town. 
 
 King Edward and King Philip approach each other, in 
 battle array, near Laon, but no action ensues. 
 
 King Edward destroys the French fleet at Sluys. — King 
 Philip advances, but declines the proffered battle. 
 
 First passage of the Turks into Europe, 1341-7. — King 
 
 Edward sends aid to the Count de Montfort, 
 Sir W. Manny relieves Lady Montfort at Hennebon. — 
 
 The Countess engages a French fleet. 
 The legates interpose a truce, Jan. 19. — The Duke of 
 
 Athens driven out of Florence, Aug. 3. ( 
 The Earl of Derby relieves Auberoche, invested by the 
 
 Count de Lisle. 
 Andrew of Hungary assassinated at the instance of his 
 
 wife, Joan Queen of Naples, Sept. 18. 
 Edward lands at La Hogue. — Battles of Creci, Aug. 26 — of 
 
 Nevil's Cross, Oct. 17. King David taken prisoner. 
 Surrender of Calais, Aug. 4.— Cola di Rienzi effects a 
 
 temporary revolution in Rome. 
 War between the Genoese and John Cantacuzene. — 
 
 Louis of Hungary conquers Naples. — The Order of the 
 
 Garter instituted. 
 'The Plague of Florence ''depopulates all Europe. 
 Philip of Valoi^, King of France, dies, and is succeeded 
 
 by John Duke of Normandy. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Langton, Bp. of Lichfield, 
 
 ob. 1322 
 
 Sir Nicholas de Segrave, 
 
 ob. 1321 
 
 Sir Ralph Hengham, L. C. J., 
 ob. 1308 
 
 Enguerrand de Marigni, min- 
 ister to Philip the Fair, 
 
 ob. 1315 
 
 Piers Gaveston, 
 William Tell, 
 
 ob. 1312 
 ob. 1354 
 
 De Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, 
 
 ob. 1312 
 James de Molay, Grand Tem- 
 plar, ob. 1314 
 
 Thomas Earl of Lancaster, 
 
 ob. 1322 
 
 Sir James Douglas, ob. 1330 
 
 Randulph Earl of Moray, 
 
 ob. 1331 
 
 Charles de Valois, minister to 
 
 Louis Hutin, ob. 1325 
 
 Hugh Despenser, the Elder, 
 
 ob. a?t. 90, 1326 
 
 Gerard la Guette, minister to 
 Philip the Long, ob. 1321 
 
 Hugh Despenser, the Young- 
 er, ob. 1326 
 
 Peter Remi, minister to 
 Charles IV. ob. 1328 
 
 Castruccio Castracani, 
 
 1281—1328 
 
 Stapleton, Bp. of Exeter, 
 
 ob. 1327 
 
 Mortimer, Earl of March, 
 
 ob. 1330 
 Sir William Trussel, ob. 1348 
 
 Constable Chatillon, ob. 1329 
 
 Robert d'Artois, ob. 1342 
 
 Richard de Bury, Bp. of Dur- 
 ham, 1281—1345 
 
 James van Arteveldt, of 
 Ghent, ob. 1346 
 
 Geoffrey d'Harcourt 
 
 Henry Duke of Lancaster, 
 
 ob. 1360 
 
 Charles de Blois 
 
 Hatfield, Bp. of Durham, 
 
 ob. 1381 
 Nicholas Rienzi, ob. 1354 
 
 Cardinal Albornos, the anta- 
 gonist of Rienzi, ob. 1367 
 
 Charles de Montmorency, ge- 
 neral to Philip VI. ob. 1381 
 
D. 1301—1350 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N 47' 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 13 Pietro Gradenigo 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 . 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Marino Giorgi 
 
 1 Giovai.ni Sorazo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Francesco Dando- 
 
 lo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Bartolommeo Gra. 
 
 denigo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Andrea Dandolo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Signori 
 
 S i= 
 
 ."i OI >* 
 
 Q Ferrara H 
 
 9 AzzoVIII. 
 
 Saling- 32 
 
 10 uerra 33 
 
 III. 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 Fulke 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Rinaldo % 
 
 Obizzo 2 
 
 2 III. and & 
 Nicho- 3 
 
 3 las I. % 
 
 19 Rinaldo, 
 
 ob. 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 28 Nicholas, 
 
 ob. 
 
 29 . 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 10 John II. 
 
 the Just 
 
 11 
 
 12 ■ 
 
 13 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Theodore 
 Paleolo. 
 
 2 gus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 John II. 
 Paleolo. 
 
 2 gus 
 
 S Signori g 
 
 7 Matthew 
 the Great 
 
 1 Galeas 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 3 — 1 
 
 a 
 
 4 S 
 
 5 J 
 
 o 
 
 6 & 
 
 8 
 
 1 Azzo 
 
 Louis 1 
 
 2 I. de 2 
 Gonza- 
 
 3 ga 3 
 
 1 Luchin 12 
 
 2 13 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 John 
 
 2 
 
 •o Dukes g 
 
 3 "• 
 
 J of * 
 3 2 
 « P5 
 
 30 Robert II. 
 
 John 16 
 
 31 II. 17 
 
 32 18 
 
 33 19 
 
 1 Hugh V. 
 
 Arthur 1 
 
 2 II. 2 
 
 3 3 
 
 4 4 
 
 5 5 
 
 6 6 
 
 7 7 
 
 8 John III. 1 
 the Good 
 
 9 2 
 
 10 3 
 
 1 Eudes 4 
 IV. 
 
 2 5 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 7 
 
 5 8 
 
 6 9 
 
 7 10 
 
 8 11 
 
 9 12 
 
 10 13 
 
 11 14 
 
 12 15 
 
 13 16 
 
 14 17 
 
 15 18 
 
 16 19 
 
 17 20 
 
 18 21 
 
 19 22 
 
 20 23 
 
 21 24 
 
 22 25 
 
 23 26 
 
 24 27 
 
 25 28 
 
 26 29 
 
 27 Charles 1 
 de Blois 
 
 28 and 2 
 John de 
 
 29 Montfort3 
 
 30 4 
 
 31 Charles 5 
 
 alone 
 
 32 6 
 
 33 7 
 
 34 8 
 
 35 9 
 
 1 Philip 1. 10 
 
 S2 Counts *> 
 
 h Dukes pq 
 
 22 Guy 
 John 8 
 
 23 II. 9 
 
 1 Robert 12 
 
 III. 
 
 2 13 
 
 7 18 
 
 8 John III. 1 
 
 the 
 Trium- 2 
 phant 
 3 
 
 1 Louis I. 11 
 de Crecy 
 
 2 - 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Louis 
 II.de 
 
 2 Male 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Marqs. .o 
 
 S 
 
 £ Counts i-l 
 
 5 John I. 
 
 Henry 14 
 
 6 V. 15 
 
 12 elected 21 
 emperor 
 
 13 John 1 
 K.of 
 
 14 Bohe-2 
 
 mia 
 
 1 John II. 23 
 
 2 24 
 
 3 25 
 
 4 26 
 
 1 Guy II. 27 
 
 1 Philip 28 
 III. 
 
 1 William 29 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Rich 30 
 
 9 37 
 
 10 Charles 1 
 
 11 elected 2 
 emperor 
 
 12 3 
 
 •3 Counts 
 
 X Electors pq 
 
 3 John II. 
 
 Otho 20 
 
 4 IV. 21 
 
 1 William 23 
 
 III. the 
 
 2 Good 24 
 
 6 Walde- 1 
 
 mar 
 
 7 2 
 
 Henry 1 
 le 
 17 Jeune 
 
 Inter, 
 reg. 
 
 20 Louis 1. 1 
 
 of 
 
 21 Bavaria 2 
 
 1 William 15 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 16 
 
 1 Marga- 23 
 
 ret 
 
 2 24 
 
 Dukes o 
 
 pq Electors p. 
 
 8 Louis III. 
 Rodolph 8 
 I. 
 
 21 Louis 21 
 elected 
 
 22 emperor 22 
 
 26 Adolph 1 
 
 the 
 
 27 Simple 2 
 
 34 Rodolph 1 
 
 II. the 
 
 35 Blind 2 
 
 36 3 
 
 37 4 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 1 Stephen 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Electors 2 
 
 | Dukes $ 
 
 4 Rodolph 
 
 Ferri 51 
 
 5 III. 52 
 
 7 Theobald 1 
 II. 
 
 Ferri 
 IV. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 Raoul 1 
 
 ■ 2 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 ■ 18 
 
 John 1 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 ■ 
 
A.D. 1351—1400 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 E 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 2 Emprs.of g 
 
 -^ Z 
 
 <u 5* 
 x: 5 
 jh Ottoman a 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 £> Kings a 
 
 ? 'e 
 
 2 ° f 1 
 
 3 ° 
 
 X M 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 Counts 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Granada 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 6064 
 6065 
 
 1351 
 1352 
 
 5 John Cant. 
 
 Orchan 26 
 
 6 27 
 
 5 Charles 
 
 IV. 
 6 
 
 10 Louis I. 
 
 Charles 6 
 
 11 I. 7 
 
 19 Casimir 
 III. 
 
 2 John II. 
 
 9Amadeus 
 VI. 
 
 10 
 
 3 Charles 
 
 II. 
 
 4 the Bad 
 
 2 Pedro 
 
 Pedro 16 
 
 3 IV. 17 
 
 19 Yussef 
 
 I. 
 
 20 
 
 27 Alfonso 
 IV. 
 
 6066 
 
 1353 
 
 7 28 
 
 7 
 
 12 ■ 8 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 29 
 
 6067 
 6068 
 6069 
 6070 
 6071 
 
 1354 
 
 1355 
 1356 
 1357 
 1358 
 
 8 29 
 
 15 John 30 
 
 Paia?o- 
 
 16 logus 31 
 restored 
 
 17 32 
 
 18 33 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 10 
 
 15 11 
 
 16 12 
 
 17 13 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 edV. 
 
 3 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 1 Pedro I. 
 
 the 
 
 2 Severe 
 
 6072 
 
 1359 
 
 19 34 
 
 13 
 
 18 ■ 14 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 1 Ismail 
 
 II. 
 1 Abu- 
 Said 
 
 3 
 
 6073 
 
 1360 
 
 20 Amu. 1 
 rath 
 
 14 
 
 19 15 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 6074 
 
 1361 
 
 21 I. 2 
 
 15 
 
 20 16 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 as 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6075 
 6076 
 
 1362 
 1363 
 
 22 3 
 
 23 4 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 21 17 
 
 22 18 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 27 
 96 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 
 ed V. 
 
 2 again 
 
 6 
 
 6077 
 
 1364 
 
 24 5 
 
 18 
 
 23 19 
 
 32 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 V. 
 
 2 the Wise 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 6078 
 
 1365 
 
 25 6 
 
 19 
 
 24 20 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 6079 
 
 1366 
 
 26 7 
 
 20 
 
 25 21 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 SI 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 6080 
 
 6081 
 6082 
 
 1367 
 1368 
 1369 
 
 27 8 
 
 28 9 
 
 29 10 
 
 21 ■ 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 26 22 
 
 27 23 
 
 28 24 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 18 32 
 
 1 Henry 33 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Bastard 34 
 
 6 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 
 
 1 Ferdin- 
 
 and 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6083 
 
 1370 
 
 30 11 
 
 24 
 
 29 Louis 25 
 elected 
 
 1 Louis 
 King of 
 
 2 Hungary 
 
 "i 
 
 28 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 88 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 6084 
 6085 
 
 1371 
 
 1372 
 
 31 12 
 
 32 13 
 
 26 
 
 30 King of 26 
 Poland 
 
 31 27 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 6086 
 
 1373 
 
 33 14 
 
 27 
 
 32 28 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 31 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 88 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 6087 
 
 1374 
 
 34 15 
 
 28 — 
 
 33 29 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 32 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 39 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 6088 
 
 1375 
 
 35 16 
 
 29 
 
 34 30 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 33 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 to 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 6089 
 
 1376 
 
 36 17 
 
 30 
 
 35 31 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 34 
 
 28 
 
 9 
 
 41 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 6090 
 
 1377 
 
 37 18 
 
 31 
 
 36 32 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 35 
 
 29. 
 
 10 
 
 «s 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 6091 
 6092 
 
 1378 
 1379 
 
 38 19 
 
 39 20 
 
 1 Wences- 
 las 
 
 37 Wences-1 
 
 las 
 
 38 Empe- 2 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 1 John I. 
 
 4.; 
 44 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 6093 
 
 1380 
 
 40 21 
 
 3 
 
 39 3 
 
 11 
 
 1 Charles 
 VI. the 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 tf 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 6094 
 
 1381 
 
 41 22 
 
 4 
 
 40 4 
 
 12 
 
 2 Beloved 
 
 39 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 46 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 6095 
 
 1382 
 
 42 23 
 
 5 
 
 1 Mary 5 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 47 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 6096 
 6097 
 
 1383 
 1384 
 
 43 24 
 
 44 25 
 
 6 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 lAmadeus 
 
 VII. 
 2 the Red 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 48 
 49 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 John I. 
 
 the 
 
 2 Great 
 
 6098 
 6099 
 
 1385 
 1386 
 
 45 26 
 
 46 27 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 4 8 
 
 5 9 
 
 1 Hedwig 
 
 and 
 
 2 Ladislas 
 
 V. 
 
 3 Jagello 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 51 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 6100 
 6101 
 
 1387 
 1388 
 
 47 28 
 
 48 29 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6 10 
 
 7 11 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 1 Charles 
 III. the 
 
 2 Noble 
 
 9 John I. 1 
 
 10 2 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 6102 
 
 1389 
 
 49 Bajazet 1 
 
 I. 
 
 50 2 
 
 12 
 
 8 12 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 6103 
 
 1390 
 
 13 
 
 9 13 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 1 Henry 
 III. 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 6104 
 6105 
 6106 
 
 1391 
 1392 
 1393 
 
 1 Manuel 3 
 
 II. 
 
 2 Palaso- 4 
 
 logus 
 
 3 5 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 10 14 
 
 1 Sigis- 15 
 
 mund 
 
 2 16 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Amadeus 
 VIII. the 
 
 2 Pacific 
 Duke of 
 
 3 Savoy 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Yussef 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6107 
 
 1394 
 
 4 6 
 
 17 
 
 3 17 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 6108 
 
 1395 
 
 5 7 
 
 18 
 
 4 18 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 6 Martin 1 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 6109 
 6110 
 
 1396 
 1397 
 
 6 8 
 
 7 9 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 5 19 
 
 6 20 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 17 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 Mahom- 
 
 ed VI. 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 6111 
 
 1398 
 
 8 10 
 
 21 
 
 7 21 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 6112 
 
 6113 
 
 i 
 
 1399 
 1400 
 
 9 11 
 
 10 12 
 
 22 
 
 1 Rupert- 
 Palatine 
 
 8 22 
 
 9 23 
 
 15 Ladislas 
 
 alone 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 48 
 
 Kings 
 I of J? 
 
 9 Joanna I. 
 
 Louis 10 
 10 11 
 
 13 Frederic 1 
 
 III. the 
 
 14 Simple 2 
 
 1 Charles 6 
 
 III. of 
 
 2 Durazzo 7 
 
 POPES 
 
 10 Clement 
 VI. 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Gregory 
 XI. 
 
 Urban VI. 
 
 Clement 1 
 
 VII. 2 
 
 1 Boniface 12 
 
 IX. 
 
 2 13 
 
 Francis Petrarch, 1304—1374 
 
 Giovanni Boccaccio, 
 
 ob. art. 62, 1375 
 Robertof Avesbury, ' Mirabilia 
 
 Gesta. Edw. III.' ob. cir. 1350 
 Ralph Higden, ' Polychroni. 
 
 con,' ob. post 1377 
 
 Mattli ew of Westminster, ' Flo- 
 res Historiarum ' to 1307, 
 
 Sir John Mandeville, ob. 1371 
 
 Jonn Wiclif, cir. 1324—1384 
 
 John Gower, 
 
 ob. 1402 
 
 John Barbour, Scottish poet, 
 ' The Kruce,' ob. 1395 
 
 John Froissart, ' Chronicle,' 
 born 1337 
 
 John Fordun, ' Scoti-Chroni- 
 con' 
 
 Nicholas Flainel, alch. 
 
 Haflz, Persian poet, 
 
 ob. cir. 1389, 
 
 Manuel Chrysolaras, Greek 
 philologist, ob. art. 60, 1415 
 
 Geoffrey Chaucer, 1329—1400 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Battle in the Bosphorus between the Venetian and Ge- 
 noese admirals Pisano and Doria, Feb. 13. 
 
 Establishment of the Ottomans in Europe. — The Genoese 
 defeated off Sardinia, Aug. 29. 
 
 A third conflict takes place, in which the Venetian fleet 
 is destroyed by Doria off the Morea, Nov. 3. 
 
 Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice, denounced to the Coun- 
 cil of Ten, and beheaded, Apr. 16. 
 
 The Black Prince with his van falls in with the rear of 
 King John at Maupertius. — Battle of Poitiers, Sept. 19. 
 
 The Black Prince returns with King John and Prince Phi- 
 lip as prisoners. — David King of Scots is released, Nov. 1. 
 
 The states of France refuse to ratify a peace between the 
 Kings. — The war of 'the Jacquerie ' in France. 
 
 King Edward lays siege to Rheims, but is repulsed by the 
 Archbishop and the inhabitants. 
 
 King John and King Edward ratify the treaty of Bretigny 
 in person at Calais, Oct. 24. — King John is set at liberty. 
 
 King Edward sends commissioners to France to take pos- 
 session of the places surrendered. 
 
 King Edward erects Guienne into the Principality of 
 Aquitaine in favour of the Black Prince. 
 
 The Black Prince takes possession of his principality, and 
 resides at Bourdeaux. 
 
 King John returns to England, and dies, Apr. 8. — Battle 
 of Auray, Charles de Blois killed, Sept. 29. 
 
 Sir Henry Green, chief justice, fined and removed for 
 extortion. 
 
 Peter the Cruel, being expelled by Don Henry, prays as- 
 sistance of the Black Prince at Bourdeaux. 
 
 The Black Prince defeats Don Henry at Navarette. — All 
 Castile submits, and Peter mocks his ally. 
 
 King Charles violates the treaty of Bretigny. — The Gas- 
 con lords refuse to pay taxes to the Black Prince. 
 
 King Charles summons the Black Prince to Paris, and 
 confiscates the English possessions in France. 
 
 Aquitaine is declared forfeited. — -The Black Prince retakes 
 Limoges.— Reign of Timour, 1370 — 1405. 
 
 John of Gaunt. D. of Lancaster, weds Constance, daughter 
 
 of Peter the Cruel, and assumes the regal style of Castile. 
 The E. of Pembroke defeated and taken prisoner by the 
 
 Castilian fleet, June 23. — Du Guesclin besieges Rochelle. 
 John of Gaunt passes over to Calais, and marches through 
 
 France without resistance. 
 Truce between England and France. — King Edward 
 
 wastes his treasury upon Alice Perrers, his mistress. 
 Commissioners for peace (John Wiclif and others) meet 
 
 at Bruges, but they only prolong the truce. 
 Edward the Black Prince dies, June 8, art. 45. — Charles 
 
 the Wise prepares to invade England. 
 King Edward III. dies, June 21, art. 64.— Gregory XI. re- 
 stores the pontifical court from Avignon to Rome. 
 The schism in the papacy commences with the double 
 
 election of Urban VI. and Clement VII. 
 Montfort, Duke of Bretagne, delivers Brest to the English, 
 
 in consideration of a grant in land. 
 Surrender of the Genoese fleet to the Venetians at Chi- 
 
 ozza.— Capitation tax imposed. 
 
 Insurrection of Wat Tyler, who is killed by William Wal- 
 worth while insulting the king in Smithfield. 
 
 Battle of Rosebeque, the Flemings defeated by Charles VI. 
 Expedition to Portugal by the Earl of Cambridge fails. 
 
 Crusade of Spenser, Bishop of Norwich, in favour of the 
 Flemings.— Conquest of Turkestan by Timour. 
 
 John of Gaunt is accused of treason, but the parties are 
 reconciled by the Princess of Wales. 
 
 King Richard declares Roger Earl of March, grandson of 
 Lionel Duke of Clarence, presumptive heir to the crown. 
 
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, proceeds to Spain. — 
 The Earl of Suffolk impeached by the H. of Commons. 
 
 De Vere, D. of Ireland, Abp. Nevil, and the E. of Suffolk, 
 ' appealed ' of treason by the Duke of Gloucester. 
 
 Chief justice Tresi.ian, Sir Nicholas Brember, and Sir 
 Simon Burley executed.— Battle of Otterburn, Aug. 9. 
 
 King Richard asserts his majority.— The Dukeof Glouces- 
 ter is removed. — John of Gaunt returns to England. 
 
 Restoration of the Greek language in Italy by Manuel 
 Chrysolaras, 1390—1415. 
 
 Death of the Emperor John Palaologus. 
 
 The city of London refuse the King £1000, who annuls 
 
 the charter, and restores it for £10,000. 
 The Duke of Gloucester, about to embark for Ireland, is 
 
 recalled.— Conquest of Persia by Timour. 
 Anne of Bohemia, ' the good Queen Anne,' dies, June 7. 
 
 King Richard proceeds to Ireland. 
 King Richard returns to appease the troubles raised by 
 
 the Lollards.— Twenty-eight years' truce with France. 
 Battle of Nicopolis, and defeat of Sigismund by Bajazet, 
 
 Sept. 28.— Conquest of Kipzak by Timour. 
 The Duke of Gloucester seized at Pleshy in presence of 
 
 the King, and carried off to Calais. 
 Wager of battle between the Dukes of Hereford and Nor- 
 folk interrupted by the King, and the Dukes banished. 
 Henry of Bolingbroke lands at Ravenspur, July 4. — King 
 
 Richard taken prisoner, and resigns the crown, Sept. 29. 
 War of Timour against Bajazet, Sept. 1.— Timour invades 
 
 Syria and sacks Aleppo. Nov. 11. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Pierre de la Foret, minister to 
 John II. ob. 1361 
 
 Albuquerque, minister to 
 Pedro the Cruel, ob. 1354 
 
 Edward the Black Prince, 
 
 1330—1376 
 Sir John Chandos, ob. 1370 
 
 James Lord Audley, 
 
 1314—1386 
 Sir Robert Knollys, ob. 1407 
 
 John Agnello, Doge of Milan, 
 ob. 1368 
 
 Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, 
 
 ob. 1375 
 Constable du Guesclin, 
 
 ob. art. 66, 1388 
 
 Cardinal la Grange, minister 
 
 to Charles the Wise, ob. 1402 
 
 Boccanegra, Spanish admiral, 
 
 ob. cir. 1396 
 
 Sir John Hawkwood, ob. 1394 
 
 John de Vienne, admiral to 
 Charles the Wise 
 
 Louis Duke of Anjou, ob. 1383 
 
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan- 
 caster, ob. 1398 
 
 Richard Scrope, lord chancel- 
 lor, ob. 1402 
 
 Robert de Hales, lord trea- 
 surer, ob. 1381 
 
 Archbishop Courtney, 
 
 1341—1396 
 
 Philip van Arteveldt, Flemish 
 
 general, ob. 1382 
 
 Vere, Duke of Ireland, ob. 1395 
 
 Michael de la Pole, Earl of 
 Suffolk, ob. 1388 
 
 John de Montagu, minister to 
 Charles VI. ob. M09 
 
 Henry Earl of Northumber- 
 land, ob. 1406 
 
 William of Wykeham, Bishop 
 of Winchester, ob. 1426 
 
 Henry Lord Percy, ' Hotspur,' 
 ob. 1403 
 
 John de Montacute, Earl of 
 Salisbury, ob. 1400 
 
 Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, 
 
 ob. 1399 
 
 Owen Glendour 
 
 n 
 
D. 1351—1400 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°48* 
 
 VENICE 
 
 9 Andrea Dandolo 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Marino Faliero 
 
 1 Giovanni Grade- 
 
 nigo 
 1 Giovanni Dolfin 
 
 3 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 1 Lorenzo Celsi 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Marco Cornaro 
 
 2 
 
 1 Andrea Contarini 
 
 1 Michele Morosini 
 
 1 Antonio Veniero 
 
 2 
 
 1 Michele Steno 
 
 Signori 
 
 of 
 Ferrara 
 
 35 0bizzoIII. 
 
 1 Aldovran- 
 dini III. 
 
 1 Nicholas 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 22 Tomaso 1 
 Albizzi 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 "6 
 
 27 
 
 1 Albert 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 INicho- 12 
 las III. 
 
 - 13 
 
 Marquises 
 
 of 
 Montferrat 
 
 14 John II. 
 Paleologus 
 
 15 
 
 34 
 
 1 Otho 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 John III. 
 
 1 Theodore 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 g Signori ^ 
 
 3 John 
 
 Louis 24 
 
 4 I. 25 
 
 1 Matt. II. 27 
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 2 and 28 
 Galeas 
 
 3 II. 29 
 
 4 (Matt.) 30 
 (ob. 1355) 
 
 5 31 
 
 — 32 
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 Louis 1 
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 2 
 
 ■2 Dukes 2 I £ Counts ^ 
 
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 9 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 11 7 
 
 12 8 
 
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 20 Milan 16 
 
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 22 
 
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 37 John VI. 1 
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 38 — — • 2 
 
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 7 III. 41 
 
 8 42 
 
 9 43 
 
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 16 7 
 
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 18 Duke 2 
 
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A.D. 1401—1450 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 3 
 
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 a 
 
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 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
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 Kings 
 
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 9 
 
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 6114 
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 12 Soliman 1 
 
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 11 las VI. 25 
 
 17 Ladis- 
 
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 18 
 
 22 Charles 
 
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 23 
 
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 26 
 
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 5 Interreg. 
 
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 32 2 
 
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 9 
 
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 29 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 49 
 
 Kings 
 
 I. of to 
 
 24 Martin 1 
 
 senior 
 
 25 Interreg. 
 
 98 
 
 1 Joanna s 
 
 II. of g. 
 
 2 Bourbon r> 
 
 1 Alfonso I. 
 the Wise 
 
 2 King of 
 Arragon 
 
 3 
 
 13 Bonif. IX. 
 Benedict 8 
 
 14 XIII. 9 
 
 3 15 
 
 1 Alexan- 16 
 
 derV. 
 1 John 17 
 XXIII. 
 
 1 Eugene 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 G 
 
 7 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Leonard Aretine, 1370—1443 
 
 John Huss, 
 
 Jerome of Prague, ob. 1416 
 
 Archbishop Chicheley, 
 
 1362—1443 
 John Hardyng, chronicler, 
 
 1378, post. 1465 
 
 Poggio Bracciolini, 1380—1459 
 
 Flavius Blondus, 
 
 ob. aet. 75, 1463 
 
 Theodore Gaza, ob. set. 90, 1478 
 
 Francis Philelphus, 1398—1481 
 Andrew Wintoun, ob. cir. 1430 
 
 George Trebisond, 1395—1480 
 
 Enguerrand de Monstrelet, 
 
 ob. 1453 
 George Gemistus Pletho, 
 
 ob. at. 100, 1490 
 
 Laurentius Valla, 1406—1457 
 
 John Guttemburg, 1397—1468 
 
 1 NicholasV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 John Fust, ob. cir. 1466 
 
 Peter Schoeffer, ob. post. 1479 
 
 Sir John Fortescue 
 
 John Wesselus, of Groningen, 
 1419—1489 
 
 Henry, the Scottish Minstrel 
 
 William of Waynflete, Bp. of 
 Winchester, ob. 1486 
 
 Georgius Peurbachius, 
 
 1423—1461 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 Owen Glendour raises a rebellion in Wales. — Timour 
 sacks Damascus, Jan. 23, and Bagdad, July 23. 
 
 Battle of Anjora and defeat of Bajazet, July 28. — Battle 
 of Homildon Hill, Sept. 14. 
 
 Battle of Shrewsbury, Hotspur killed, July 21 ; the Earl 
 of Northumberland submitting, is pardoned. 
 
 The House of Commons petition the king to seize the 
 temporalities of the clergy to pay his army. 
 
 Owen Glendour's son defeated by Prince Henry. — Arch- 
 bishop Scrope and Lord Mowbray suffer for conspiracy. 
 
 Prince James of Scotland taken prisoner on his way to 
 France ; the Duke of Albany made regent. 
 
 The Duke of Orleans assassinated at the instance of the 
 Duke of Burgundy, who avows it, and is pardoned. 
 
 The Earl of Northumberland defeated and killed at 
 Bramham Moor, by Sir Thomas Rokeby. 
 
 Council of Pisa, March 25. — John Wickliffe's books con- 
 demned at the University of Oxford. 
 
 King Henry takes advantage of the war between the 
 houses of Burgundy and Orleans. 
 
 King Henry sends an army under the Earl of Arundel, 
 
 in aid of the Duke of Burgundy. 
 The Orleans faction detach King Henry from the Duke 
 
 of Burgundy, and form an alliance. 
 King Henry IV. dies Mar. 20, aet. 45.— The Orleans fac- 
 tion gains the ascendancy at Paris. 
 King Henry V. demands the crown of France. — XVIth 
 
 General Council, of Constance, Nov. 16 — Apr. 22, 1418. 
 John Huss condemned at Constance.— Battle of Agin- 
 
 court, Oct. 25. — King Henry lands at Dover, Nov. 16. 
 The French besiege Harfleur, but are defeated, and the 
 
 place is relieved by the Duke of Bedford. 
 King Henry lands in Normandy, and declines negotiation. 
 
 Lord Cobham suffers for heresy, Dec. 25. 
 Massacre at Paris, June 12. — Queen Isabella and the Duke 
 
 of Burgundy enter Paris in the king's name, July 14. 
 John Duke of Burgundy assassinated, whilst in personal 
 
 conference, at the instance of the Dauphin, Aug. 18. 
 Treaty of Troyes, May 20. — Marriage of K. Henry and the 
 
 Pss. Catherine.— Philip of Burgundy demands justice. 
 
 Battle of Beauje, Duke of Clarence killed, Feb. 23.— Siege 
 of Meaux, Oct. 6. — Reunion of the Ottoman empire. 
 
 King Henry V. dies, Aug. 31, a5t.33. — Dukes of Bedford and 
 Gloucester Protectors. — King Charles VI. dies, Oct. 21. 
 
 Battle of Crevant, June. — James I., King of Scotland, re- 
 leased, after seventeen years' captivity, Sept. 10. 
 
 Battle of Vernuil, Aug. 18. — The Earl of March dies, and 
 is succeeded in his regal rights by the Duke of York. 
 
 High dissension between the Duke of Gloucester and Bp. 
 Beaufort, which is appeased by the Duke of Bedford. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick defeated at Montargis by the Bas- 
 tard of Orleans. — Beaufort receives a Cardinal's hat. 
 
 The Duke of Bretagne sues to the Duke of Bedford for 
 peace, and swears to the Treaty of Troyes. 
 
 The Earls of Salisbury and Suffolk take several towns 
 upon the Loire, and besiege Orleans. 
 
 Orleans carried by assault, by Joan of Arc, May 8. — King 
 Charles VII. crowned at Rheims, July 17. 
 
 Burgundy besieges Compeigne, Joan of Arc taken pri- 
 soner, and delivered up to the Duke of Bedford. 
 
 Joan of Arc burnt at Rouen, May 30. — XVIIth Council, of 
 Basle, Dec. 14— May, 1443. 
 
 Francesco Carmagnola betrayed at a banquet, and exe- 
 cuted by the Venetian Senate, May 5. 
 
 The Dukes of Burgundy and Bedford meet at St. Omer's, 
 but part highly incensed. 
 
 Cosmo de Medici recalled to Florence, Sept. — Exile of the 
 Albizzi. — Last revolt of Rome. 
 
 Treaty of Arras, Sept. 22.— The Duke of Burgundy sides 
 with King Charles. — John Duke of Bedford dies, Sept. 14 
 
 The Duke of Burgundy lays siege to Calais, but the Duke 
 of Gloucester obliges him to retire. 
 
 Plague and famine desolate both England and France. 
 
 The Duke of Burgundy makes a second attempt upon 
 Calais, which he endeavours to inundate, but fails. 
 
 Union of the Greek and Latin Churches, July 6.— XVIIIth 
 General Council, of Florence, Feb. 26 — March 7, 1443. 
 
 Duke of Orleans, 25 years a prisoner in England, set at 
 liberty. — The art of printing discovered about this time. 
 
 Marriage of Francesco Sforza with Bianca Visconti of 
 
 Milan, daughter of Duke Philip. 
 Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, takes Conches, in Normandy, 
 
 and blocks up Dieppe. 
 Truce between England and Burgundy, April 23. — The 
 
 French raise the blockade of Dieppe. 
 The Earl of Suffolk proposes marriage between K. Henry 
 
 and Margaret of Anjou, which Gloucester opposes. 
 The Queen, Marquis of Suffolk, Cardinal Beaufort, and 
 
 Abp. of York, league against the Duke of Gloucester. 
 Gloucester accused by the Queen's party, but acquitted. — 
 
 The sea breaks in at Dort and overwhelms 100,000 souls 
 Duke of Gloucester arrested at St.Edmundsbury, and found 
 
 dead in his bed, Feb. 28. — Card. Beaufort dies, Apr. 11. 
 Public disgust at the elevation of the Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 The Duke of York puts down a rebellion in Ireland, by 
 gentle measures only. — He now aspires to the crown. 
 
 The Duke of Suffolk beheaded at sea, May 2.— Battle of 
 Fourmingny, Apr. 18. — Insurrection of Jack Cade. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 L. C. J. Sir W. Gascoigne, 
 
 ob. 1413 
 Tamerlane, ob. 1405 
 
 Louis Duke of Orleans, 
 
 ob. 1407 
 Constable d'Albret, ob. 1415 
 
 Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland, 
 ob. 1425 
 Robert, regent D. of Albany, 
 
 ob. 1420 
 Archbishop Arundel, 
 
 1353—1413 
 
 Pierre des Essars, minister to 
 
 Charles VI. ob. 1413 
 
 Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, 
 
 ob. 1417 
 
 Constable d'Armagnac, 
 
 ob. 1413 
 Edward Mortimer, Earl of 
 March, ob. 1424 
 
 Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, 
 
 ob. 1426 
 Thomas Earl of Salisbury, 
 
 ob. 1428 
 Thomas Duke of Clarence, 
 
 ob. 1421 
 Mareschal Boucicault, ob. 142! 
 
 Archibald Earl of Douglas, 
 
 ob. 1424 
 
 Murdoch, regent Duke of Al- 
 bany, ob. 1425 
 
 Earl of Buchan, Constable of 
 France, ob. 1424 
 
 Tanegui du Chatel, minister 
 to Charles VI I. ob. 1462 
 
 President Louvet, ob. 1425 
 
 John Duke of Bedford, 
 
 ob. 1435 
 John Earl of Arundel, ob. 1434 
 
 Constable Richemont, ob. 1458 
 
 Humphrey Duke of Glouces- 
 ter, ob. 1447 
 Joan of Arc, 1412—1431 
 
 Mareschal de L'Isle Adam, 
 
 ob. 1437 
 Cardinal Beaufort, ob. 1447 
 
 Sir John Fastolf, 
 
 ob. 1469 
 
 George de la Tremouille, mi- 
 nister to Chas. VII. ob. 1446 
 
 Beauchamp, Earl of War- 
 wick, ob. 1440 
 
 John Earl of Shrewsbury, 
 
 1373—1453 
 
 Alexander Livingstone, regent 
 of Scotland 
 
 Creighton, Chancellor of Scot- 
 land 
 
 La Hire Vignoles, general to 
 Charles VII. 
 
 Mareschal de Chabannes, 
 
 ob. 1453 
 
 William de la Pole, Earl of 
 Suffolk, ob. 1450 
 
 John Corvinus Hunniades, 
 
 ob. 1456 
 
 Edmund Beaufort, Duke of 
 Somerset, ob. 1455 
 
 n 
 
D. 1401—1450 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 49* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 2 Michele Steno 
 
 3 
 
 4 . 
 
 5 ■ ■ 
 
 6 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Tomaso Mocenigo 
 
 1 Francesco Foscari 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Florence 
 Ferrara 
 
 20 Tomaso 
 
 Nuolo 9 
 
 21 III. 10 
 
 22 11 
 
 23 12 
 
 24 13 
 
 25 14 
 
 26 15 
 
 27 16 
 
 28 17 
 
 29 18 
 
 30 19 
 
 31 20 
 
 32 21 
 
 33 22 
 
 34 23 
 
 35 24 
 
 1 Nicolo 25 
 Albizzi 
 
 2 26 
 
 3 27 
 
 4 28 
 
 5 ■ 29 
 
 6 30 
 
 7 31 
 
 8 32 
 
 9 33 
 
 10 34 
 
 IRinaldo 35 
 
 Albizzi 
 2 36 
 
 3 37 
 
 4 38 
 
 5 39 
 
 6 40 
 
 7 41 
 
 1 Cosmo 42 
 
 de 
 
 2 Medici 43 
 
 3 44 
 
 4 45 
 
 5 46 
 
 6 47 
 
 7 48 
 
 8 Lionel 1 
 
 9 2 
 
 10 ■ 3 
 
 11 4 
 
 12 5 
 
 13 6 
 
 14 7 
 
 15 8 
 
 16 9 
 
 17 Borso 1 
 D. of Ferrara 
 
 £ Marqs. -9 
 
 S 3 
 
 S Counts o 
 
 21 Theodore 
 
 II. 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 Guy Tor- 1 
 relli the 
 
 27 Great 2 
 
 28 3 
 
 29 4 
 
 30 5 
 
 31 6 
 
 32 7 
 
 33 8 
 
 34 9 
 
 35 10 
 
 36 11 
 
 37 12 
 
 1 John- 13 
 James 
 
 2 14 
 
 3 15 
 
 4 16 
 
 5 17 
 
 6 18 
 
 7 19 
 
 8 20 
 
 9 21 
 
 10 22 
 
 11 23 
 
 12 24 
 
 13 25 
 
 14 26 
 
 15 27 
 
 16 28 
 
 17 29 
 
 18 30 
 
 19 31 
 
 20 32 
 
 21 33 
 
 22 34 
 
 23 35 
 
 24 36 
 
 25 37 
 
 26 38 
 
 27 39 
 
 1 John 40 
 
 V. 
 
 2 41 
 
 3 42 
 
 4 43 
 
 5Christoph.l 
 
 & P. Guy I. 
 
 6 2 
 
 Dukes a 
 
 a 3 
 si ' c 
 
 S Signori g 
 
 24 Jo.Galeas 
 
 Franc. 1.20 
 
 1 John- 21 
 
 Mary 
 
 2 22 
 
 3 23 
 
 4 24 
 
 5 25 
 
 6 John- 1 
 
 Francis 
 
 7 I. 2 
 
 Marquis 
 8 3 
 
 9 4 
 
 10 5 
 
 1 Philip- 6 
 Mary 
 
 2 7 
 
 3 8 
 
 4 9 
 
 5 10 
 
 6 11 
 
 7 12 
 
 8 13 
 
 9 14 
 
 10 15 
 
 11 16 
 
 12 17 
 
 13 18 
 
 14 • 19 
 
 15 20 
 
 16 21 
 
 17 22 
 
 18 23 
 
 19 24 
 
 20 25 
 
 21 26 
 
 22 27 
 
 23 28 
 
 24 29 
 
 25 30 
 
 26 31 
 
 27 32 
 
 28 33 
 
 29 34 
 
 30 35 
 
 31 36 
 
 32 37 
 
 33 Louis 1 
 
 III. the 
 
 34 Turk 2 
 
 35 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Francis 7 
 
 Sforza 
 
 ■% Dukes g 
 
 3> of 2 
 
 39 Philip II. 
 John 3 
 
 40 VI. 4 
 
 1 John 
 sans 
 
 2 Peur 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Philip 21 
 III. the 
 
 2 Good 22 
 
 — 43 
 
 24 Francis 1 
 I. 
 
 25 2 
 
 26 3 
 
 17 4 
 
 5 
 
 29 6 
 
 30 7 
 
 II 8 
 
 Peter 1 
 II. 
 
 Marqs. ^ 
 
 Z Dukes cq 
 
 HWm. II. 
 Jane 47 
 
 12 • 48 
 
 13 49 
 
 14 50 
 
 15 Antony 1 
 
 John 1 
 IV. 
 
 27 3 
 
 1 John 4 
 
 III. 
 
 2 5 
 
 -Namur 7 
 sold to 
 Burgundy 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Philip 1 
 
 2 
 
 Brabant 
 united to 
 Burgundy 
 
 bb 
 •a Counts a 
 
 Ulan 
 xen 
 
 X Dukes _i 
 
 13 Albert 
 
 Jossus 14 
 
 14 15 
 
 15 16 
 
 1 William 17 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 18 
 
 3 19 
 
 4 20 
 
 5 21 
 
 6 22 
 
 7 23 
 
 8 Antony 1 
 Of Bur- 
 
 9 gundy 2 
 
 10 3 
 
 11 4 
 
 12 Eliza, I 
 
 beth de 
 
 13 Gorlitz 2 
 
 1 Jacque- 3 
 line 
 
 2 4 
 
 3 5 
 
 4 6 
 
 5 7 
 
 6 8 
 
 7 9 
 
 8 10 
 
 9 11 
 
 10 12 
 
 11 13 
 
 12 14 
 
 13 15 
 
 14 • 16 
 
 15 17 
 
 16 18 
 
 —Holland 19 
 
 and 
 
 Hainault 20 
 
 ceded to 
 
 Burgundy21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 Luxemburg 
 sold to 
 
 Burgundy 
 
 cq Dukes cq 
 
 14 Jossus the 
 Bearded 
 
 15 
 
 16 S? 
 
 3 
 
 n — | 
 
 18 | 
 
 19 -g 
 
 I 
 
 20 § 
 
 ? 
 
 21 PQ 
 
 22 Bernard 1 
 First 
 Duke 2 
 
 1 Sigis- 3 
 mund 
 
 2 again 4 
 
 1 Frederic 7 
 
 I. of 
 
 2 Nurem- 8 
 
 burg 
 
 3 9 
 
 Dukes o 
 
 cq Electors p. 
 
 5 Ernest 
 Rupert 4 
 III. 5 
 
 14 Louis 
 III. the 
 
 15 Bearded 2 
 
 20 OthoII.l 
 
 and 
 
 21 Frederic 2 
 
 I. 
 
 22 3 
 
 1 Frederic 7 
 II. 
 
 2Dentde 8 
 fer 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Frede- 12 
 ric I. 
 
 alone 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 Louis 1 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Albert 3 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Pious 4 
 
 12 Frederic 1 
 
 I. the 
 
 13 Victori- 2 
 
 ous 
 
 Electors £> 
 
 cS? Dukes 3 
 
 14Rodph.HI. 
 Charles 11 
 I. 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 1 Albert 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Frederic 33 
 
 I. of 
 
 2 Misnia 34 
 
 1 Frederic 38 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Good 39 
 
 Rene 1 
 d'Anjou 
 
 2 
 
A.D. 1451—1500 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 1 
 
 0> 
 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 -s 
 
 6164 
 6165 
 6166 
 6167 
 6168 
 6169 
 6170 
 6171 
 6172 
 6173 
 
 6174 
 6175 
 6176 
 6177 
 6178 
 6179 
 6180 
 6181 
 6182 
 6183 
 
 6184 
 6185 
 6186 
 6187 
 6188 
 6189 
 6190 
 6191 
 6192 
 6193 
 
 6194 
 6195 
 6196 
 6197 
 6198 
 6199 
 6200 
 6201 
 6202 
 6203 
 
 6204 
 6205 
 6206 
 6207 
 6208 
 6209 
 6210 
 0211 
 6212 
 6213 
 
 < 
 1451 
 1452 
 1453 
 1454 
 1455 
 1456 
 1457 
 1458 
 1459 
 1460 
 
 1461 
 1462 
 1463 
 1464 
 1465 
 1466 
 1467 
 1468 
 1469 
 1470 
 
 1471 
 1472 
 1473 
 1474 
 1475 
 1476 
 1477 
 1478 
 1479 
 1480 
 
 1481 
 1482 
 1483 
 1484 
 1485 
 1486 
 1487 
 1488 
 1489 
 1490 
 
 1491 
 1492 
 1493 
 1494 
 1495 
 1496 
 1497 
 1498 
 1499 
 1500 
 
 Ottoman 1 
 
 W Emprs.ofH 
 
 lMahom.II. 
 Constant. 4 
 
 2 XIII. 5 
 
 3 g, 
 
 s 
 
 3 
 
 5 | 
 
 6 — f 
 
 7 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 1 Bajazet II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 20 — 
 
 12 Frederic 
 
 IV. 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Maximi- 
 lian I. 
 
 Kings 2 
 
 . I 
 of «< 
 
 — Interreg. 
 Ladis- 12 
 las V. 13 
 
 1 Ladis- 14 
 
 las V. 
 
 2 King of 15 
 Bohemia 
 
 3 16 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 1 Matthias 
 
 George 1 
 
 2 Podie- 2 
 
 brad 
 
 3 3 
 
 14 Ladis- 1 
 las VI. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ladislas 20 
 VI. 
 
 7 Casimir 
 IV. 
 
 1 John I. 
 Albert 
 
 2 — — 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 30 Charles 
 
 VII. 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 ■ 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 lLouisXI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Charles 
 VIII. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 ( 
 
 1 Louis 
 XII. of 
 
 2 Orleans 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 1 Louis 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 lAmadeus 
 IX. the 
 
 2 Benevo- 
 
 lent 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Philibert 
 
 the 
 
 2 Hunter 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Warrior 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Charles 
 II. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Philip II. 
 sans terre 
 
 1 Philibert 
 
 II. 
 
 2 le Beau 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 KINGS IN SPAIN 
 
 Castile Arragon 
 
 Navarre Granada 
 
 27 John II. 
 
 28 — 
 
 29 — 
 
 30 ■ — 
 
 31 — 
 
 32 — 
 
 33 — 
 
 34 — 
 
 35 — 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 1 Eleanor 
 lFrancis- 
 
 2 Phoebus 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Cathe- 
 rine & 
 
 2 John 
 d'Alb- 
 
 3 ret 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 46 John II 
 
 Alfon- 
 
 47 soV 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 
 3>K 
 
 1 Henry 
 
 IV. the 
 
 2 Impo- 
 tent 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 •10 
 •11 
 
 4 42 
 
 5 John II. 1 
 
 K. of 
 
 6 Navarre 2 
 
 1 Ferdin- 17 
 
 and V. 
 
 2 the 18 
 Catholic 
 
 3 and 19 
 Isabella 
 
 4 20 
 
 7 Mahom- 
 ed IX. 
 
 1 Mahom. 
 
 ed X. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 1 Abul- 
 Hassan 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 lAbu- 
 
 Abdalla 
 
 2 and Ab- 
 dalla el 
 
 3 Zagel 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 dethroned 
 
 by 
 Ferdinand 
 
IORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 50 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Naples 
 
 17 Alfonso 
 the Wise 
 
 18 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Bastard 
 
 1 Alfonso II. 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 
 II. 
 1 Frederic 
 
 4Partitioned 
 by France 
 and Spain 
 in 1501 
 
 5 Nicholas V, 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Calixtus 
 111. 
 
 1 Pius II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Paul II. 
 
 1 Sixtus IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Richard Beauchamp, Bp. of 
 Salisbury, architect of St. 
 George's Chapel, Windsor, 
 ob. 1481 
 
 Cardinal Bessarion, 1395 — 1472 
 
 Thomas a Kempis, 1380—1471 
 
 Johannes Argyropolus, 
 
 ob. set. 70, 1480 
 
 John Muller'Regiomontanus,' 
 ob. set. 40, 1476 
 Bartolomeo Platina, 
 
 1421—1481 
 
 Rodolphus Agricola, 
 
 1442—1485 
 
 Sir Thomas Littleton, 'Te- 
 nures,' ob. 1481 
 Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, 
 
 ob. 1470 
 John Jovius Pontanus, 
 
 1426—1503 
 
 Marsilius Ficinus, 1433—1499 
 
 Demetrius Chalcondyles, 
 
 ob. 1511 
 William Caxton, 1410—1492 
 
 John Lascaris, ob. jet. 90, 1513 
 
 Gregory Tiphernas 
 
 Annius of Viterbo, 1432—1502 
 
 George Merula, of Alexan- 
 dria, ob. 1494 
 
 Jerome Savonarola, 1452 — 1498 
 
 John Picus, of Mirandola, 
 
 1463—1496 
 
 Margaret, Countess of Rich- 
 mond and Derby, 1441—1509 
 
 Angelo Politian, 1454—1494 
 
 Hermolaus Barbarus, 
 
 ob. aet. 39, 1493 
 William Grocyn, 
 
 ob. set. 80, 1552 
 
 Baptista Mantuanus, 
 
 ob. aet. 68, 1516 
 
 John Reuchlin Capnio, 
 
 1455—1521 
 
 Dr. John Colet, ob. set. 53, 1519 
 
 Alexander ab Alexandro, 
 
 ob. set. 50, 1521 
 
 MIDDLE AGES 
 
 The Duke of York returns from Ireland, and marches an 
 army to London, but retires to Wales. 
 
 Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, and his son slain at Chatil- 
 lon. — Constantinople taken by Mahomet, May 29. 
 
 King Henry falls ill ; the Duke of York leads the Coun- 
 cil. — The king recovers at Christmas. 
 
 First battle, or, rather skirmish, at St. Alban's, May 22, 
 Duke of Somerset killed ; Duke of York made Protector. 
 
 York and Salisbury retire to their castles ; Warwick 
 passes over to Calais. — Siege of Belgrade, Sept. 4. 
 
 The Scots enter England, but are repulsed by the Duke 
 of York. — The truce is renewed. 
 
 York and his friends are admitted to the Council ; but an 
 affray arising at Court, they fly to arms. 
 
 Battle of Bloreheath, Lord Audley killed, Sept.; the 
 troops deserting, the Duke of York passes to Ireland. 
 
 Battle of Northampton, July 10, K. Henry taken prisoner. 
 Battle of Wakefield, Dec. 30, Duke of York beheaded. 
 
 Battles of Mortimer's Cross, Feb. 1 ; of St. Alban's, Feb. 
 17; K. Edward IV. proc —Battle of Towton, Mar. 29. 
 
 Queen Margaret is nearly wrecked off Holy Island on 
 her return with troops from France. 
 
 Battle of Hexham ; the Queen and her son escape to 
 France ; King Henry, in the sequel, is taken to London. 
 
 King Edward marries Lady Elizabeth Grey. — Death of 
 Cosmo de Medici, August 1, aet. 74. 
 
 The war of The Public Good in France, incited by Philip 
 Duke of Burgundy against Louis XI. 
 
 King Edward keeps fair with Louis of France, and allies 
 himself to Burgundy, Bretagne, and Castile. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick, indignant at the rise of the Wyd- 
 viles, withdraws, and enters the French interest. 
 
 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, marries the Prin- 
 cess Margaret, sister to King Edward, June 3. 
 
 Battle of Edgecote, Earl of Pembroke defeated and be- 
 headed, July 26 ; Earl Rivers and his son beheaded. 
 
 Battle of Erpingham, Sir R.Welles beh., Mar.19; K.Henry 
 rest., Oct. 13; Edward passes over to Holland, Oct. 3. 
 
 Battle of Barnet, E. of Warwick kiUed, April 14.— Battle 
 of Tewkesbury, May 4 ; K. Henry murd. May 22, aet. 49. 
 
 Francis Duke of Bretagne, refuses to deliver up the Earl 
 of Richmond to King Edward. 
 
 The Duke of Burgundy engages King Edward to join in 
 
 a league against France. 
 The Constable de St. Pol delivered up to Louis XI. by 
 
 the Duke of Burgundy, and beheaded. 
 Charles the Bold defeated by the Swiss, at Granson, Apr. 
 
 5, and at Morat, June 20. 
 Charles the Bold killed before Nancy, Jan. 5. — The Countess 
 
 Mary, his heiress, marries the Archduke Maximilian. 
 Conspiracy of the Pazzi ; Assassination of Giulio, and 
 
 escape of Lorenzo de Medici, April. 
 A treaty is signed between France and England, but Louis 
 
 detaches James III. of Scotland from King Edward. 
 King Edward, bent upon revenge, gains Ferdinand of Cas- 
 tile, and sends an army to the Archduke Maximilian. 
 
 The Scots ravage the borders, and are opposed by Richard 
 
 Duke of Gloucester. 
 James of Scotland restored by the D. of Albany, who, in 
 
 the sequel, retires to France. — Treaty of Arras, Dec. 23. 
 King Edward IV. dies, Apr. 9, set. 41 ; King Edward V. 
 
 murdered, Aug. — Duke of Buckingham beheaded, Oct. 
 The Earl of Richmond, being apprized of his danger by 
 
 Bishop Morton, escapes from Bretagne to France. 
 Henry Earl of Richmond lands at Milford Haven, Aug. 6 ; 
 
 Battle of Bosworth, K. Richard killed, Aug. 22, aet. 33. 
 King Henry marries the Princess Elizabeth of York, Jan. 
 
 18. — Lambert Simnel proclaimed in Ireland. 
 Simnel crowned in Dublin, May 24. — Battle of Stoke, 
 
 Earl of Lincoln killed, June 16 ; Simnel degraded. 
 Battle of Canglor, King James III. killed, June.— Battle 
 
 of St. Aubin, Duke of Orleans taken prisoner, July 28. 
 Cyprus, recently a kingdom, ceded to Venice. 
 
 Battle of Dixmunde, the revolted Flemings under De 
 Cordes, defeated by Lords Morley and Daubeney. 
 
 Anne Duchess of Bretagne. unclaimed by Maximilian, 
 
 marries Charles VIII. King of France, Dec. 16. 
 Perkin Warbeck introduced at the Court of the Duchess 
 
 of Burgundy, and acknowledged as Duke of York. 
 Sir Robert Clifford, gained by King Henry, discloses the 
 
 schemes of Perkin and the Duchess of Burgundy. 
 Lord Fitzwalter is sentenced only, but Sir T. Thwaites 
 
 and Sir Simon Mountfort are executed for conspiracy. 
 Sir W. Stanley, accused by Clifford, is beheaded Feb. 15. 
 
 Charles VIII. of France, takes Naples without a battle. 
 Warbeck is received by James King of Scots. — He marries 
 
 the daughter of Lord Huntly and invades England. 
 Warbeck submits to King Henry. — The Portuguese first 
 
 double the Cape and sail to the East Indies. 
 Warbeck escapes from the precincts of the palace, but is 
 
 captured and committed to the Tower, June 14. 
 Warbeck found plotting with Lord Warwick in theTower, 
 
 is executed Nov. 16, and the Earl beheaded Nov. 28. 
 Commissioners sent to the counties to fine Warbeck 's 
 
 adherents. — Treaty of Granada, Nov. 11. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 George Castriot, ' Scanderbeg,' 
 1404—1467 
 Richard Duke of York, 
 
 ob. aet. 50, 14C0 
 
 Richard Nevil, Earl of War- 
 wick, ob. 1471 
 
 Robert Lord Boyd, regent of 
 Scotland 
 
 Edmund Duke of Somerset, 
 
 ob. 1471 
 Cardinal Bourchier, ob. 1464 
 
 Constable de St. Pol, ob. 1475 
 
 Wydvile, Earl Rivers, ob. 1469 
 
 Peter Landais, of Brittany, 
 
 ob. 1485 
 Admiral Coulon 
 
 Henry Stafford, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham, ob. 1483 
 Bishop Morton, 1410—1501 
 
 William Lord Hastings, 
 
 ob. 1483 
 
 Oliver le Daim, minister to 
 Louis, ob. 1484 
 
 Philip de Commines, 
 
 1445—1509 
 
 Anne, Dame de Beaujeau, 
 regent of France, ob. 1522 
 
 Thomas Lord Stanley 
 
 Martin Behem, navigator, 
 
 ob. 1506 
 
 Louis de la Tremouille, min. 
 
 to Charles VIII., ob. 1525 
 Cardinal Briconnet, minister 
 
 to Charles VIII., ob. 1514 
 
 Christopher Columbus, 
 
 1442—1506 
 Caesar Borgia, ob. 1507 
 
 Sir Reginald Bray, K.G., 
 statesman and architect ol 
 Henry VII. Chapel, ob. 1503 
 
 \mericus Vespucius, 1451 — 
 
 Vasco de Gama, ob. 1 525 
 
 II 
 
D. 1451—1500 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 50< 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 Francesco Foscari 
 
 Fasquale Malipie- 
 
 Christofero Moro 
 
 Niccolo Trono 
 
 Niccolo Marcello 
 Pietro Mocenigo 
 
 Andrea Vendra- 
 mino 
 
 Giovanni Moceni. 
 go 
 
 Marco Barbarigo 
 
 Agostino Barbari- 
 eo 
 
 g Signori 
 
 £ Dukes h 
 
 18 Cosmo 
 
 Borso 2 
 3 
 
 1 Pietro 15 
 
 de 
 
 2 Medici 16 
 
 I. 
 
 3 17 
 
 1 Lorenzo 20 
 andGiu- 
 
 2 Mode 21 
 Medici 
 
 3 Hercules 1 
 
 L 
 
 4 2 
 
 5 3 
 
 6 4 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 9 7 
 
 10 Lorenzo 8 
 
 alone 
 
 11 9 
 
 Pietro 22 
 II. 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 E Marqs. j 
 £ 3 
 
 1 * 
 o 3 
 
 3 Counts o 
 
 7 John IV. 
 
 Christo- 3 
 
 8 pherand4 
 PeterGuy 
 
 9 I. 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 11 ■ 7 
 
 12 8 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 10 
 
 15 11 
 
 16 Guy Gal. 1 
 eotto & 
 
 17 Francis. 2 
 
 Mary 
 
 18 . 3 
 
 19 4 
 
 1 William 5 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 7 
 
 4 8 
 
 5 9 
 
 6 10 
 
 7 11 
 
 8 12 
 
 9 13 
 
 10 14 
 
 11 15 
 
 12 16 
 
 13 17 
 
 14 18 
 
 15 19 
 
 16,Francis- 20 
 
 Mary 
 17 alone 21 
 
 18 22 
 
 19 2S 
 
 1 Boniface 24 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 25 
 
 3 26 
 
 4 Peter. 1 
 Guy II. 
 
 5 2 
 
 6 3 
 
 7 4 
 
 8 ■ 5 
 
 9 6 
 
 10 7 
 
 1 William 8 
 
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 2 Achilles 1 
 
 3 2 
 
 4 3 
 
 5 4 
 
 6 5 
 
 7 6 
 
 8 7 
 
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 a 5 
 g Marqs. S 
 
 2 Francis 
 
 Louis 8 
 
 3 III. 9 
 
 4 10 
 
 5 11 
 
 6 12 
 
 7 13 
 
 8 14 
 
 9 15 
 
 10 16 
 
 11 17 
 
 12 18 
 
 13 19 
 
 14 20 
 
 15 21 
 
 16 22 
 
 1 Galeas- 23 
 
 Mary 
 
 2 24 
 
 3 25 
 
 4 26 
 
 5 27 
 
 6 28 
 
 7 29 
 
 8 30 
 
 9 31 
 
 10 32 
 
 1 John- 33 
 Galeas- 
 
 2 Mary 34 
 
 3 Frede. 1 
 
 ric I. 
 
 4 2 
 
 5 3 
 
 6 4 
 
 7 5 
 
 8 6 
 
 9 John- 1 
 
 Francis 
 10 II. 2 
 
 11 3 
 
 12 4 
 
 13 5 
 
 14 6 
 
 15 7 
 
 16 8 
 
 17 9 
 
 18 10 
 
 1 Louis. 11 
 Mary 
 
 2 12 
 
 3 13 
 
 4 14 
 
 5 15 
 
 6 16 
 
 1 Louis of 17 
 France 
 
 -a Dukes g 
 5 ao 
 go of 5 
 
 3 t. 
 
 33 Philip III. 
 
 Peter 2 
 
 34 II. 3 
 
 35 4 
 
 36 5 
 
 37 6 
 
 38 7 
 
 39 Arthur 1 
 
 III. 
 
 40 Francis 1 
 
 II. 
 
 41 . 2 
 
 42 3 
 
 43 4 
 
 44 5 
 
 45 6 
 
 46 7 
 
 47 8 
 
 48 9 
 
 1 Charles 10 
 the Bold 
 
 2 11 
 
 3 12 
 
 4 13 
 
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 8 -o£ 17 
 
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 9 m<; 18 
 
 3 O 
 
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 3 of the 22 
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 5 24 
 
 6 25 
 
 7 26 
 
 8 27 
 
 1 Enpil. 23 
 bcrt 
 Count 29 
 
 of 
 Nassau 30 
 
 Anne 1 
 
 1 Albert 2 
 
 of 
 
 2 Saxony 3 
 
 3 4 
 
 4 , — - 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 1 Philip 7 
 le Beau 
 
 2 assumes 8 
 the 
 
 3 govern- 
 
 ment 
 
 4 10 
 
 5 11 
 
 6 12 
 
 7 13 
 
 Dukes, 
 Brunswick 
 Lunenburg 
 
 18 Frederic 
 
 I. 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Henry I. 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes, 
 
 of 
 Wurtemburg 
 
 1 Eberhard 
 
 I. the 
 
 2 Bearded, 
 
 First 
 
 3 Duke 
 
 1 Eberhard 
 
 II. 
 
 2 le Jeune 
 
 1 Ulric VI. 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 Electors 
 
 of 
 
 Brandenburg 
 
 12 Frederic 
 
 II. 
 
 13 Dent defer 
 
 1 Albert III. 
 
 1 John- 
 Cicero 
 
 2 as 
 Margrave 
 
 3 
 
 11 succeeds 
 
 as 
 
 12 Elector 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
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 2 , 
 
 Dukes 
 
 ii Electors (l, 
 
 14 Albert I. 
 Frederic 3 
 I. 4 
 
 1 John II. 12 
 & Sigis- 
 
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 3 14 
 
 4 15 
 
 5 16 
 
 1 Albert 17 
 
 II. 
 
 2 18 
 
 12 Philip 1 
 the Id. 
 
 13 genu- 2 
 
 ous 
 
 14 3 
 
 15 4 
 
 16 5 
 
 Electors s> 
 
 & Dukes >3 
 
 24FredericII. 
 
 Rene 21 
 
 25d'Anjou22 
 
 26 John 1 
 
 II. 
 
 27 2 
 
 28 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 34 9 
 
 35 10 
 
 36 11 
 
 1 Ernest 12 
 
 2 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 Nicho- 1 
 
 las 
 
 10 Jolantha 1 
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 11 II. 2 
 
 12 3 
 
 13 4 
 
 14 5 
 
 15 6 
 
 16 7 
 
 17 8 
 
 1 Frederic 14 
 
 III. the 
 
 2 Wise 15 
 
 II 
 
A.D. 1501—1550 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 6214 
 6215 
 6216 
 6217 
 6218 
 6219 
 6220 
 6221 
 6222 
 6223 
 
 6224 
 6225 
 6226 
 6227 
 6228 
 6229 
 6230 
 6231 
 6232 
 
 6234 
 6235 
 6236 
 6237 
 
 6240 
 6241 
 
 6243 
 
 6244 
 6245 
 6246 
 6247 
 6248 
 6249 
 6250 
 6251 
 6252 
 6253 
 
 6254 
 6255 
 6256 
 6257 
 6258 
 6259 
 6260 
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 a 
 
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 Q 
 
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 1501 
 1502 
 1503 
 1504 
 1505 
 1506 
 1507 
 1508 
 1509 
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 1511 
 1512 
 1513 
 1514 
 1515 
 1516 
 1517 
 1518 
 1519 
 1520 
 
 1521 
 1522 
 1523 
 1524 
 1525 
 1526 
 1527 
 1528 
 1529 
 1530 
 
 1531 
 1532 
 1533 
 1534 
 1535 
 1536 
 1537 
 1538 
 1539 
 1540 
 
 1541 
 1542 
 1543 
 1544 
 1545 
 1546 
 1547 
 1548 
 1549 
 1550 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Turkey 
 
 21 Bajazet II. 
 
 22 
 
 31 
 
 1 Seliml. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Soliman 
 II. 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany. 
 
 9 Maximi. 
 lian I. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 V. 
 
 2 King of 
 
 Spain 
 
 Kings .2 
 of § 
 
 12Ladisl. VL 
 Ladisl. 31 
 VI. 32 
 
 1 Louis II. of 
 Hungary 
 
 2 I. of 
 Bohemia 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 UohnZapol. 
 ski and 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 I. King of 
 
 2 Bohemia 
 
 rival 
 
 3 Kings a 
 
 5 'g 
 
 6 « 
 
 o 
 
 7 Ivan IV. 1 
 
 Basilo- 
 
 8 vitz 2 
 First 
 Czar 3 
 
 15 Ferdin- 9 
 
 and 
 
 16 alone 10 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Poland 
 
 1 Alexan. 
 
 der 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Sigis- 
 mund I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 1 Sigis- 
 mund II. 
 
 2 August. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 4 Louis 
 XII. 
 
 14 
 
 15 — <u 
 
 E 
 
 16 — I 
 
 17 - J 
 
 lFran. I 
 cisl. >-l 
 
 2 Hen. 1 
 
 II. 
 
 3 — 2 
 
 4 — 3 
 
 5 — 4 
 
 6 — 5 
 
 7 — 
 
 8 — 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 13 — 
 
 14 — 
 
 15 — 
 
 16 — 
 
 27 — 26 
 
 28 — 27 
 
 29 — 28 
 
 30 — 29 
 
 31 — 30 
 
 32 — 31 
 
 1 Hen. 32 
 
 II. 
 
 2 33 
 
 Dukes 
 of 
 
 Savoy 
 
 5 Philibert 
 
 II. 
 
 6 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 III. 
 
 2 the Good 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 Spain 
 
 Navarre 
 
 28 Ferd.V. 
 
 Cath- 19 
 
 29 erine20 
 
 and 
 
 30 John 21 
 d'Al- 
 
 31 bret 22 
 
 32 
 
 — 23 
 
 33 
 
 — 24 
 
 34 
 
 — 25 
 
 35 
 
 — 26 
 
 98 
 
 — 27 
 
 37 
 
 — 28 
 
 SB 
 
 — 29 
 
 39 Navarre 
 conq. by 
 
 40 Ferdi- 
 
 nand 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 elected 
 
 
 smperor 
 
 5 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 lti 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 2.', 
 
 
 
 2(> 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 2S 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 r>5 
 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 7 Emman- 
 uel 
 
 1 John III. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 England 
 Scotland 
 
 17 Henry VII. 
 James 14 
 
 18 IV. 15 
 
 19 16 
 
 20 17 
 
 21 18 
 
 22 19 
 
 23 20 
 
 24 21 
 
 1 Henry 22 
 VIII. 
 
 2 23 
 
 3 24 
 
 4 25 
 
 5 James 1 
 
 V. 
 
 6 2 
 
 7 3 
 
 8 4 
 
 9 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 11 7 
 
 12 8 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 10 
 
 15 11 
 
 16 12 
 
 17 13 
 
 18 14 
 
 19 15 
 
 20 16 
 
 21 17 
 
 22 18 
 
 23 19 
 
 24 20 
 
 25 21 
 
 26 22 
 
 27 23 
 
 28 24 
 
 29 25 
 
 30 26 
 
 31 27 
 
 32 28 
 
 33 29 
 
 34 Mary 1 
 
 35 2 
 
 .36 3 
 
 37 4 
 
 38 5 
 
 1 Edward 6 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 7 
 
 3 8 
 
 4 9 
 
 Princes 
 
 of 
 Orange 
 
 1 Philibert 
 
 de 
 
 2 Chalons 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 . 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 1 Rene 
 
 de 
 
 2 Nassau 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 William 
 
 of 
 
 2 Nassau 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
ORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 51 
 
 POPES 
 
 10 Alexander 
 
 VI. 
 
 11 
 
 1 Pius III. 
 
 1 Julius II. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Leo X. 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 VII. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Paul III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 Julius III. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Aldus Manucius, 1447 — 1515 
 
 William Dunbar, 14G5— 1536 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci, 1452 — 1520 
 
 Gawin Douglas, 1474—1512 
 
 Albert Durer, 1471—1528 
 
 Nicholas Machiavel, 
 
 1469—1527 
 Ludovico Ariosto, 1474—1533 
 
 Bishop Fisher, 1459—1535 
 
 Giorgione — ' Barbarelli,' 
 
 1478 — 1511 
 
 Balthazar Castiglione, 
 
 1468—1529 
 
 Raphael d'Urbino, 1483—1520 
 
 Desiderius Erasmus, 
 
 1467—1536 
 Andrea del Sarto, 1483—1525 
 
 Polydore Vergil, — 1555 
 
 Cornelius Agrippa, 1486—1539 
 
 Francis Guicciardini, 
 
 1482—1540 
 Martin Luther, 1484—1546 
 
 Ulric Zuinglius, 1484—1546 
 
 Cardinal Bembo, 1470—1547 
 
 Dr. Thomas Linacre, 
 
 1460—1524 
 
 Nicholas Copernicus, 
 
 1473—1543 
 Michael Angelo, 1474—1564 
 
 Sebastian Cabot, 
 
 cir. 1477—1557 
 Clement Marot, 1495—1544 
 
 Giulio Romano, 1492—1546 
 
 Antonio Corregio, 1496—1534 
 
 Francis Rabelais, 1483—1553 
 
 Hans Holbein, 1498—1594 
 
 John George Trissino, 
 
 1478—1550 
 Martin Bucer, 1491—1551 
 
 Hieronymus Vida, 1490—1566 
 
 Francesco Parmigiano, 
 
 1503—1540 
 Ignatius Loyola, 1491—1556 
 
 Julius Scaliger, 1481—1558 
 
 Bishop Latimer, 1470 — 1555 
 
 Bishop Coverdale, 1487—1568 
 
 Henry Earl of Surrev, 
 
 1520—1547 
 Sir Thomas Wyat, 1 503—1 54 1 
 
 John Sleidan, 1506—1556 
 
 Robert Stephens, 1503 — 1556 
 
 Philip Melancthon, 1497—1560 
 
 Titiano Vecelli, 1480—1576 
 
 John Calvin, 1509—1564 
 
 Bartholomew Las Casas, 
 
 1474—1568 
 Conrad Gesner, 1516—1565 
 
 Sir Anthony Cooke, 1506—1576 
 
 Jerome Cardan, 1501—1576 
 
 Henry Bullinger, 1504—1575 
 
 Paul Fagius, 1504—1550 
 
 Bp. Bale of Ossory, 1495—1563 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 Marriage of Katherine of Arragon to Arthur Prince of Wales, Nov. 6. — 
 Partition of Naples by Louis XII. and Ferdinand of Spain. 
 
 Marriage, by proxy, of James IV. King of Scotland to the Princess Mar- 
 garet, Jan. 29. — Arthur Prince of Wales dies, Apr. 2. 
 
 The Duke de Nemours defeated at Cerignola, Apr. 28. — Louis XII. finally 
 stripped of Naples. — Elizabeth of York dies, Feb. 16. 
 
 Philip I. le Beau succeeds his mother-in-law Isabella as King of Castile, 
 Nov. 26; but dies, Sept. 25, 1506, when the kingdom virtually devolves 
 to Ferdinand V. 
 
 Contract of marriage between King Henry and Margaret, sister to the 
 Archduke Philip and widow of the Duke of Savoy. 
 
 The Archduke is succeeded in the Netherlands by his sister Margaret, 
 who makes a treaty of commerce only with King Henry. 
 
 League of Cambray against Venice signed by Margaret and the Cardinal 
 d'Amboise, Dec. 10. — Thomas Wolsey made Dean of Lincoln, Feb. 2. 
 
 King Henry VII. dies, Apr. 22, ait. 52. — King Henry VHIth's first mar- 
 riage, to Katherine of Arragon, June 29. — Battle of Aignadal, May 14. 
 
 Treaty of alliance between King Henry arid Ferdinand, May 24. — Empson 
 and Dudley beheaded, Aug. 18. — Wolsey made almoner to the King. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 League between Pope Julius II., Ferdinand of Arragon, and the States 
 
 of Venice against France, Oct. 4. 
 XlXth General Council, of the Lateran, May 3— Mar. 16, 1517.— Battle of^ 
 
 Ravenna, Gaston de Foix, Duke de Nemours, killed. 
 The French repulsed from Novara. — Battle of Spurs, Aug. 16. — Siege of 
 
 Terrouenne. — Battle of Floddon, Sept.9. — Surrender of Tournay, Sept. 29. 
 Marriage of the Princess Mary, sister to King Henry, to Louis XII. King 
 
 of France, Oct. 9. — Wolsey advanced to the See of York, Aug. 5. 
 Louis XI I. dies, Jan. 1. — Francis I. succeeds. — Wolsey receives a Cardinal's 
 
 hat, Sept. 1 1 . — Battle of Marignano, the Swiss defeated by Francis, Sept. 14. 
 Ferdinand King of Spain dies, Charles I. succeeds. — Treaty of Noyau, 
 
 which ends the wars of the League of Cambray, Aug. 13. 
 Sale of Indulgences by Pope Leo X. — Martin Luther preaches against Constable 
 
 them at Wittemberg, and is condemned at Rome. 
 Tournay restored to France. — Princess Mary, daughter to King Henry, 
 
 affianced to the Dauphin, Oct. 4. — The Emperor Maximilian dies, Dec. 3. 
 K. Henry, Francis I., and Charles of Spain in competition for the Imperial 
 
 crown. — Charles V., at. 19, elected, June 28. — Wolsey sole legate, June29. 
 King Henry and Charles V. meet at Dover, May 26. — Interview of Henry 
 
 and Francis at Ardres, ' the Field of the Cloth of Gold,' June 7. 
 
 D. of Buckingham, beh., May 17. — Diet at Worms, Luther excommunicat- 
 ed, May 25. — League at Calais between Leo, Charles, and Henry, Nov. 19. 
 
 Wolsey takes umbrage at Sir T. More's reply, as Speaker, to his demand for 
 a supply in the House of Commons. — He fails in obtaining the Pontificate. 
 
 Albany invades England, but retreats at the approach of Surrey, Nov. 3. — 
 The Borders at peace for 18 years.— Wolsey again fails at Rome, Nov. 18. 
 
 Francis I. besieges Pavia for three months, Oct. 28. 
 
 Battle of Pavia, Francis I. taken prisoner, Feb. 24. — Dissension between 
 Henry and Charles. — Henry makes peace with Francis, Aug. 30. 
 
 Treaty of Madrid, Jan. 14. — Francis I. released, March 10.— Francis breaks 
 faith with Charles, and refuses to surrender Burgundy. 
 
 Rome taken by assault, D. of Bourbon killed, May 6. — The Pope retires to 
 the Castle of St. Angelo. — K. Henry's marriage scruples become public. 
 
 The Reformation in Scotland begins.— Patrick Hamilton suffers at St. 
 Andrews. — Pope Clement is embarrassed by the subject of the divorce. 
 
 Queen Katherine pleads her cause before'K. Henry and the legates, June 21 . 
 Peace of Cambray, Aug. 5. — Wolsey deprived of the great seal, Oct. 17. 
 
 Cranmer joined in an embassy to Pope Clement. — Rise of Thomas Crom- 
 well. — Diet of Augsburg, June 25. — Cardinal Wolsey dies, Nov. 29. 
 
 The clergy acknowledge the King's supremacy, May 4. — King Henry and 
 Queen Katherine part at Windsor.— The Queen retires to Ampthill. 
 
 Q. Katherine appeals by letter to Pope Clement, Jan. 25.— Sir T. More re- 
 signs the seal, Mayl6. — Abp. Warhamdies, Aug. 23. — Cranmer succeeds. 
 
 King Henry's second marriage, to Anne Boleyn, Jan. 25. — Abp. Cranmer 
 pronounces Katherine's divorce, May 23. — Queen Elizabeth born, Sept. 7. 
 
 The Parliament abrogates the Papal supremacy in England. — Final rup- 
 ture between King Henry and the Court of Rome. 
 
 Bp. Fisher beh., June 22; and Sir T. More, July 6.— Cromwell made Vicar- 
 General. — Miles Coverdale's translation of the Bible published, Oct. 4. 
 
 Queen Katherine dies, Jan. 8. — Lord Rochford beh.. May 17 ; and Q. Anne 
 Boleyn, May 19. — K. Henry's third marriage, to Jane Seymour, May 20. 
 
 Prince Edward born, Oct. 12. — Q. Jane Seymour dies, Oct. 21. — Suppres- 
 sion of ' the pilgrimage of grace. ' — The greater monasteries dissolved. 
 
 Treaty of Nice, between Charles and Francis, July. — King Henry confers 
 with the German Protestant Missionaries from Saxony, Aug. 5. 
 
 Marquis of Exeter, Lord Montagu, and Sir E. Nevil beh., Jan. 9 ; and Sir 
 Nicholas Carew, K.G., Mar. 3.— The statute of ' the six articles,' May 5. 
 
 K. Henry's fourth marriage, to Anne of Cleves, Jan.6. — Cromwell behead- 
 ed, July 29. — K. Henry's fifth marriage, to Katherine Howard, Aug. 8. 
 
 Margaret Countess Dowager of Salisbury, daughter of George Duke of 
 
 Clarence, the last of the Plantagenets, beheaded, May 27. 
 Q. Katherine Howard and Lady Rochford beh, Feb. 13.— Battle of Solway 
 
 Moss, Nov. 25.— Birth of Mary Q. of Scot's ; K. James V. dies, Dec. 14. 
 K. Henry proposes marriage between Prince Edward and the infant Queen 
 
 of Scots, July. — K. Henry's sixth marriage, to Katherine Parr, July 12. 
 Battle of Cerisolles, Apr. 14.— Earl of Hertford takes Edinburgh, May.— 
 
 Boulogne surrenders to Henry, Sept. 14.— Treaty of Crespy, Sept. 17. 
 The French fleet threaten hostilities in the Channel, but are driven off by 
 
 Lord Lisle, July 19.— XXth General Council, of Trent, Dec. 13. 
 Peace with France, June 7. — Cardinal Beaton assassinated at St. Andrews. 
 
 Earl of Surrey beheaded, Jan. 19. — King Henry VIII. dies, Jan. 8, at. 56. — 
 Francis I. dies, Mar. 31. — Battle of Muhlberg, Apr. 24. 
 
 Mary Queen of Scots carried to France, Aug. 13 ; and contracted to the 
 •Dauphin. — Q. Katherine Parr dies, Sept. 30. — Bp. Gardiner imprisoned. 
 
 Lord Seymour beheaded, Mar. 17. — Insurrection of Kett put down by Dud- 
 ley, Earl of Warwick.— Protector Somerset sent to the Tower, Oct. 14. 
 
 Boulogne restored to France, Mar. 14. — The Duke of Somerset readmitted 
 to the Council, Mar. 31. — Bishops Bonner and Gardiner deprived. 
 
 Cardinal d'Amboise, 
 
 1460—1510 
 Gonsalvo, gen. to Ferdinand, 
 
 ob. at. 72, 1515 
 Alfonso Albuquerque, 
 
 1452—1515 
 
 Cardinal Ximenes, 1437—1517 
 
 Fox, Bishop of Winchester, 
 
 ' 1528 
 
 Gaston de Foix, 1489—1512 
 Ferdinand de Magellan,— 1521 
 
 Mareschal Trivulce, 
 
 cir. 1447—1518 
 
 John, regent D. of Albany, 
 
 —1536 
 Admiral de Bonnivet, —1525 
 
 Archbishop Warham, — 1532 
 
 Chancellor du Prat, 1463—1535 
 
 Bourbon, 1489—1527 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey, 1471—1530 
 
 Regent Dss. of Angouleme, 
 ob. set. 60, 1531 
 
 Mareschal Lautrec, —1528 
 
 Anthony de Leva, 
 
 ob. at. 56, 1536 
 Sultan Baber, 1483—1530 
 
 Dr. Richard Pace, 1482—1532 
 
 Sir Thomas More, 1480—1535 
 
 Andrew Doria, 1468—1560 
 
 Cardinal Campegio, 1474— 1539 
 
 Queen Katherine, 1474—1536 
 
 Archbishop Cranmer, 
 
 1489—1556 
 
 Thomas Lord Cromwell, 
 
 1490—1540 
 Admiral de Brion, — 1543 
 
 Cardinal du Bellay, 1492—1560 
 
 Queen Anne Boleyn, 
 
 1507—1536 
 Barbarossa, Turkish general, 
 
 cir. 1474—1547 
 Queen Jane Seymour, —1537 
 
 Gardiner, Bp. of Winchester, 
 
 1483—1555 
 Admiral d'Annebaut, — 1552 
 
 Queen Anne of Cleves, div., 
 —1510 
 
 Queen Katherine Howard, 
 
 —1542 
 
 Cardinal Tournon, — 1562 
 
 Queen Katherine Parr, — 1548 
 
 Count d'Anguin, — 1546 
 
 Sir Ralph Sadler, 1507—1587 
 
 Cardinal Beaton, 1494—1546 
 
 Edward Duke of Somerset, 
 
 —1552 
 Mareschal St. Andre, —1562 
 
 Diana of Poitiers, 1499—1566 
 
 Sir Thomas Smith, 1512—1577 
 
1501—1550 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 51* 
 
 DOGES 
 
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A.D. 1551— 1G00 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
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 6273 
 
 6274 
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 1581 
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 1587 
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 1591 
 1592 
 1593 
 1594 
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 1596 
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 Emperors 
 
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 33 
 
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 36 
 
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 48 Charles 
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 39 
 
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ORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 52 
 
 2 Julius III. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 [II. 
 
 1 Marcel 1 us 
 1 Paul IV. 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Pius IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Pius V. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Gregory 
 XIII. 
 
 1 Sixtus V. 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Urban VII. 
 1 Greg. XIV. 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 IX. 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 LEARNING 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Annibale Caro, 1507—1566 
 
 Paul Manutius, 1512—1574 
 
 Bishop Hooper, 1495 — 1555 
 
 Michael Servetus, 1509—1553 
 
 Frederigo Baroccio, 
 
 1528—1612 
 John Fox, 1517—1587 
 
 Peter Martyr, 1500—1561 
 
 Peter Ronsard, 1524—1585 
 
 George Buchanan, 1506—1582 
 
 Roger Ascham, 1515—1568 
 
 Luis de Camoens, ^524 — 1579 
 
 Peter Ramus, 1515—1571 
 
 Benvenuto Cellini. 1500—1570 
 
 John Knox, 1505—1572 
 
 Giacomo Tintoretto, 
 
 1512—1594 
 Theodore Beza, 1519—1605 
 
 James Cujas, 1520—1590 
 
 Peter Ciaconius, 1525—1581 
 
 Archbishop Parker, 1504—1591 
 
 Charles Sigonius, 1524—1585 
 
 Henry Stephens, 1528—1598 
 
 John Bodin, 1530—1596 
 
 Paul Veronese, J 1532—1588 
 
 Michael de Montaigne, 
 
 1533—1592 
 Francis Hotomanus, — 1590 
 
 Andrea Palladio, 1518—1580 
 
 Janus Dousa, 1545 — 1604 
 
 Cardinal Baronius, 1538—1607 
 
 Anthony Riccoboni, — 1608 
 
 Peter Pithou, 1539—1596 
 
 Joseph Scaliger, 1540—1609 
 
 Christopher Clavius, 
 
 1537—1612 
 Torquato Tasso, 1544—1595 
 
 Edmund Spenser, 1553—1598 
 
 Sir Philip Sidney, 1554—1586 
 
 Tycho Brahe, 1546—1601 
 
 Ludovico Caracci, 1555 — 1619 
 
 Henry Davila, 1576—1631 
 
 Justus Lipsius, 1527—1606 
 
 Agostino Caracci, 1558—1602 
 
 James Arminius, 1560 — 1609 
 
 Richard Hooker, 1553—1600 
 
 Cardinal du Perron, 
 
 1556—1618 
 Isaac Casaubon, 1559 — 1614 
 
 William Shakspeare, 
 
 1564—1616 
 Annibal Caracci, 1560—1609 
 
 Miguel Cervantes, 1547—1617 
 
 President de Thou, 1553—1617 
 
 M. A. Caravaggio, 1569—1609 
 
 William Camden, 1551—1623 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 Treaty of marriage between King Edward and Elizabeth of France, July 
 
 19. — Bishops Day and Heath deprived, Oct. 1. 
 Duke of Somerset beheaded, Jan. 22. — The Earl of Arran resigns the 
 
 regency of Scotland to Mary of Guise. — Treaty of Passau, July 31. 
 Marriage of Lord Guilford Dudley to Lady Jane Grey, May. — K. Edward 
 
 VI. dies, July 6, ast. 16. — First intercourse with Russia. 
 Sir Thomas Wyat's rebellion. — Lord Guilford and Lady Jane Dudley 
 
 beh. Feb. 12.— Marriage of Q. Mary and Philip of Spain, July 25. 
 John Rogers, the first Martyr, Feb. 4. — Bishop Hooper sutlers, Feb. 9 ; 
 
 Bishop Ferrar, Mar. 29 ; and Bishops Ridley and Latimer, Oct. 16. 
 Abp. Cranmer suffers at Oxford, Mar. 21. — Cardinal Pole succeeds to the 
 
 see of Canterbury, Mar. 22. — Charles V. abdicates in Spain, Jan. 16. 
 St. Quintin taken by the Duke of Savoy, Aug. 10.— King Philip finally 
 
 leaves England, July 7. — Contest of Queen Mary with the Pope. 
 Calais taken by the Duke of Guise, Jan. 8.— Marriage of Mary Queen of 
 
 Scots and the Dauphin, Apr. 28. — Queen Mary dies, Nov. 17, a»t. 42. 
 Peace of Chateau Cambresis, Apr. 2. — Reformation in Scotland. — Contest 
 
 between the regent Mary of Guise, and the ' Lords of the Congregation.' 
 Conspiracy of Amboise, Huguenot war in France, Mar. 15. — Philip II. 
 
 returns the Order of the Garter sent by Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Mary Queen of Scots lands at Leith, from the Court of France, Aug. 19. 
 
 First interview of John Knox with Queen Mary. 
 Q. Elizabeth aids the Huguenots. — Rouen surrenders, King of Navarre 
 
 killed, Nov. 17. — Battle of Dreux, Coligny defeated by Guise, Dec. 19. 
 The Duke of Guise shot by Poltrot, at the siege of Orleans, Feb. 18. — 
 
 Surrender of Havre, July 28. — Edict of Amboise, March 19. 
 Lord Robert Dudley proposed, through the Earl of Murray, to Queen 
 
 Mary, Mar. 30. — Edict of Rousillon, Aug. 9. — Rizzio made secretary. 
 Lord Damley's first introduction to Queen Mary at Wemys Castle, Feb. 
 
 16. — Marriage of Mary and Darnley, July 29. — ' The Roundabout Raid.' 
 Murder of Rizzio, Mar. 9. — Birth of King James VI., June 19. — A divorce , 
 
 proposed by Bothwell and his party to Queen Mary, rejected. 
 Murder of Darnley, Feb. 10. — Marriage of Bothwell and Mary, May 15. — 
 
 Bothwell dismissed at Carberry Hill, June 15. — Bat. of St. Denis, Nov. 
 Queen Mary escapes from Lochleven Castle, May 2. — Battle of Langside, 
 
 May 13. — Queen Mary lands at Workington, May 16. 
 Battle of Jarnac, Mar. 13.— Battle of Moncontour, Oct. 3. — Projected mar. 
 
 riage between Q. Mary and the Duke of Norfolk disclosed, Oct. 25. 
 The regent Murray assassinated, Jan. 23. — Succeeded by the Earl of Len- 
 nox, May. — Queen Elizabeth excommunicated by Pope Pius V., Feb. 25. 
 
 Earl of Lennox assassinated at Stirling, Aug. — Earl of Marr succeeds as 
 Regent. — Battle of Lepanto gained by Don John of Austria, Oct. 7. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk beh., June 2. — Massacre of St. Bartholomew, Aug. 23.-^ 
 Regent Marr dies, Oct. 8 ; succeeded by the Earl of Morton, Nov. 9. 
 
 Duke of Alva recalled from his sanguinary government in the Nether- 
 lands. — Duke of Anjou raises the siege of Rochelle, June 24. 
 
 Charles IX. of France dies, May 30 ; succeeded by Henry King of Poland. 
 Louis of Nassau, and his brother, defeated and killed at Moker. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth declines the sovereignty of the Dutch provinces. — The 
 Hugenots receive supplies from Elizabeth, through the Prince of Conde. 
 
 Duke of Aleneon drawn off by the court from the Huguenot party. — He 
 takes the title of D. of Anjou, Oct. 1. — Pacification of Ghent, Nov. 8. 
 
 The Archduke Matthias madi; governor of the Netherlands, the Prince of 
 Orange his lieutenant. — The States declare against Don John of Austria. 
 
 Battle of Alcazar, Don Sebastian killed, Aug. 4. — Battle of Gemblours, 
 the States defeated by Don John of Austria, Jan. 31.— He dies, Oct. 7. 
 
 Union of Utrecht by William Prince of Orange, who virtually becomes 
 Stadtholder, Jan. 23. — King James is urged to break witli England. 
 
 Philip II. proscribes the Prince of Orange, June 15.— Philip takes pos- 
 session of the throne of Portugal. — The regent Morton arrested, Dec. 31. 
 
 Duke of Anjou accepts the sovereignty of the Provinces, Prince of Orange 
 
 being Stadtholder, Sept. 29. — Anjou's last visit to Elizabeth, Nov. 1. 
 Anjou inaugurated as Duke of Brabant, Feb. 19. — ' The Raid of Ruth- 
 
 ven,' Aug. 23. — The Gregorian style published, Oct. 5 — 15. 
 Duke of Anjou, in contravention of his accredited junction with the 
 
 Prince of Orange, endeavours to take the Flemish towns against him. 
 Q. Mary removed to the custody of Sir D. Drury and Sir A. Paulet. — 
 
 D. of Anjou dies, June 10. — Prince of Orange assassinated, June 30. 
 Q. Elizabeth advances money to ' the States,' upon security of Flushing, 
 
 and the Brill being delivered up, Sept. — Huguenot war renewed. 
 Babington's conspiracy discovered, Aug. 4. — Battle of Zutphen, Sir Philip 
 
 Sidney killed, Sept. 22.— Queen Mary's trial, Oct. 11. 
 Mary Queen of Scots beh., Feb. 8.— Sluys capitulates, July 30. — Battle of 
 
 Coutras, Duke de Joyeuse defeated by the King of Navarre, Oct. 10. 
 Defeat of the Spanish Armada, July 29.— Dudley, Earl of Leicester, dies, 
 
 Sept. 4. — Henry Duke of Guise assassinated, Dec. 13. 
 Henry III. of France assassinated by Clement at the siege of Paris, July 
 
 22. — Battle of Arques gained by Henry IV., Sept. 11. 
 Battle of Ivry, the Duke de Mayenne defeated by King Henry IV., Mar. 4. 
 
 Prince Maurice takes Breda, and expels the Spaniards from the Union. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Dudley, Duke of Northum- 
 berland, 1502—1553 
 Sir John Cheke, 1514—1557 
 
 Cardinal Pole, 1500—1558 
 
 James Earl of Arran, —1575 
 
 Constable de Montmorency, 
 
 ob. a;t. 80, 1567 
 Francis Duke of Guise, 
 
 1519—1563 
 Cardinal de Lorraine, — 1574 
 
 Louis Prince de Conde, 
 
 1530—1569 
 
 Sir Nicholas Bacon, 1510—1579 
 
 Admiral de Coligny, 
 
 1517—1572 
 Count Egmont, 1522—1568 
 
 Count Horn, —1568 
 
 Chancellor L'Hospital, 
 
 1505—1573 
 Cardinal Granvelle, 
 
 ob. aet. 70, 1586 
 
 James regent Earl of Moray, 
 1533—1070 
 
 Archibald Earl of Argyll, 
 
 —1575 
 
 William Lord Burghley, 
 
 1520—1598 
 
 Sir Thomas Gresham, 
 
 1519—1579 
 Catherine de Medici, 
 
 ob. aet. 70, 1589 
 James regent E. of Morton, 
 
 —1581 
 Henry Duke of Guise, 
 
 1550—1588 
 Duke de Joyeuse, — 1587 
 
 Duke of Anjou, —1584 
 
 Lesley, Bishop of Ross, 
 
 1527—1596 
 Mareschal Biron, 1524—1592 
 
 Bishop Grindal, 1519—1583 
 
 Elizabeth sends the Earl of Essex with an army to King Henry, but 
 
 takes umbrage at their being sent to Champagne instead of Rouen. 
 Elizabeth sends Sir John Norris with more men to King Henry, but is 
 
 highly offended at their being sent to Normandy instead of Bretagne. 
 King Henry conforms to the catholic faith, July 15. — The preparations 
 
 of Philip conduce to a league between Elizabeth and Henry, Oct. 
 King Henry carries the war into Bretagne. — Q. Elizabeth sends Lord 
 
 Zouch to inquire into the ascendancy of the Spanish faction in Scotland. 
 King Henry, having declared war against Spain, demands succours, but 
 
 Elizabeth complains, and refuses a supply. 
 Calais taken by storm by the Archduke Albert, Apr. 15. — Cadiz taken by 
 
 the Earl of Essex, June 21. — Sir Robert Cecil now Secretary of State. 
 Essex resents the creation of the L H. Admiral Howard to the Earldom 
 
 of Nottingham, and is made Earl Marshal to preserve his precedency. 
 Edict of Nantes, Apr. — Peace of Vervins, Apr. 28. — Dispute in the Coun- 
 cil, Essex receives a blow from Queen Elizabeth, June. 
 Essex goes to Ireland as Lord Deputy. — He offends the queen by treating 
 
 with Tyrone, Sept. 8.- — The queen takes umbrage on his return, Sept. 28. 
 Battle of Nieuport, the Archduke Albert defeated by Prince Maurice, 
 
 July 2. — First patent to the East India Company. 
 
 Sir Francis Walsingham, 
 
 ob. aet. 89, 1590 
 Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 
 
 1532—1588 
 Archbishop Whitgift, 
 
 1530—1604 
 
 Duke de Mayenne, — 1611 
 Cardinal Allen, 1532—1594 
 Sir James Melvil, 1530—1606 
 
 Admiral Lord Howard, 
 
 1536—1624 
 
 Sir Francis Drake, 
 
 1545—1596 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh, 1552—1618 
 
 Turcnne, Duke de Bouillon, 
 
 1555—1623 
 Cardinal d'Ossat, 1536—1604 
 
 Duke de Sully, 1560—1641 
 
 Constable Lesdeguieres, 
 
 ob. aet. 53, 1626 
 
 Robert Earl of Essex, 
 
 1567—1601 
 Thomas Earl of Dorset, 
 
 1527—1608 
 
 Duke d'Ossuna, 
 
). 1551—1600 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°52* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OF 
 
 VENICE 
 
 Francesco Donato 
 
 M. Ant. Trovisan 
 Francesco Venie- 
 
 Lorenzo Priuli 
 
 Girolamo Priuli 
 
 Pietro Loredano 
 
 Luigi Mocenigo 
 
 Sebastiano Venie. 
 
 ro 
 Nicolo da Ponte 
 
 Pasquale Cicogna 
 
 Marino Grimani 
 
 >> G.Dukes. 
 
 S Dukes t, 
 
 15 Cosmo 
 
 Hercu- 18 
 
 16 les II. 19 
 
 Alfonso 1 
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 2 
 
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 Mary de 
 
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 1 Ferdin- 29 
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 4 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 26 Montferrat 
 
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 21 Mary of 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 ■ 
 
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 4 
 
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 2 Duchess of 
 
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 1 Ferdinand 
 
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 1 Don John 
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 1 Alexander 
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 2 William 1 
 
 Prince of 
 
 3 Orange 2 
 
 9 Earl of 1 
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 10 Prince 1 
 Maurice 
 
 11 of 2 
 Nassau 
 
 12 3 
 
 13 4 
 
 14 5 
 
 1 Peter 6 
 Ernest 
 
 2 Count of 7 
 Mansfeldt 
 
 lArchduke8 
 
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 1 Pedro de 9 
 
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 1 Albert of 10 
 
 Austria 
 
 2 11 
 
 3 12 
 
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 Isabella 
 
 5 marries 14 
 
 the 
 
 Dukes, 
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 6 Mary and 
 
 William 
 
 7 
 
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 13 
 
 1 Ernest II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 Dukes 
 
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 Wurtembg. 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 1. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Brandenbg. 
 
 17 Joachim 
 
 II. 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 9.5 
 
 1 John- 
 George 
 2 
 
 1 Joachim- 
 Frederic. 
 
 2 For Dui-al 
 Prussia, 
 
 3 see Regal 
 Table, 53. 
 
 ., Dukes o 
 
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 > 5 
 
 B Electors £ 
 
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 Frede- 8 
 
 3 ric II. 9 
 
 4 10 
 
 5 11 
 
 6 12 
 
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 Henry 
 
 8 2 
 
 9 3 
 
 10 Frede- 1 
 
 ric III. 
 
 11 the 2 
 
 Pious 
 
 12 3 
 
 13 4 
 
 14 5 
 
 15 6 
 
 16 7 
 
 17 8 
 
 18 9 
 
 19 10 
 
 20 11 
 
 21 12 
 
 22 13 
 
 23 14 
 
 24 15 
 
 25 16 
 
 26 17 
 
 27 Louis 1 
 
 VI. the 
 
 28 Easy 2 
 
 29 3 
 
 1 William 4 
 
 II. the 
 
 2 Religious 5 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 7 
 
 5 Frede- 1 
 
 ric IV. 
 
 6 2 
 
 7 3 
 
 8 4 
 
 9 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 11 7 
 
 12 8 
 
 13 9 
 
 14 10 
 
 15 11 
 
 16 12 
 
 17 13 
 
 1 Maximi-I4 
 
 lian 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 17 
 
 5 18 
 
 5 Dukes 3 
 
 4 Maurice 
 
 Charles 7 
 
 5 II. 8 
 
 1 Augustus 9 
 the Pious 
 10 
 
 1 Christi- 42 
 
 an I. 
 
 2 43 
 
 1 Christi- 47 
 
 an II. 
 
 2 - - 48 
 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 
 
A. D. 1601— 1650 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 G314 
 6315 
 6316 
 6317 
 6318 
 6319 
 6320 
 6321 
 6322 
 6323 
 
 6324 
 6325 
 6326 
 6327 
 6328 
 6329 
 6330 
 6331 
 6332 
 6333 
 
 6334 
 6335 
 6336 
 6337 
 6338 
 6339 
 6340 
 6341 
 6342 
 6343 
 
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 6345 
 6346 
 6347 
 6348 
 6349 
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 6351 
 6352 
 6353 
 
 6354 
 6355 
 6356 
 6357 
 6358 
 
 < 
 1601 
 1602 
 1603 
 1604 
 1605 
 1606 
 1607 
 1608 
 1609 
 1610 
 
 1611 
 1612 
 1613 
 1614 
 1615 
 1616 
 1617 
 1618 
 1619 
 1620 
 
 1621 
 1622 
 1623 
 1624 
 1625 
 1626 
 1627 
 1628 
 1629 
 1630 
 
 1631 
 1632 
 1633 
 1634 
 1635 
 1636 
 1637 
 1638 
 1639 
 1640 
 
 1641 
 1642 
 1643 
 1644 
 1645 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Turkey 
 
 7 Mahomed 
 III. 
 
 1 Ahmed I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Mustafa I. 
 again 
 
 1 Amurath 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ibrahim 
 
 6359 
 
 1646 
 
 6360 
 
 1647 
 
 6361 
 
 1648 
 
 6362 
 
 1649 
 
 6363 
 
 1650 
 
 c 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 26 Rodolph 
 
 II. 
 
 27 
 
 1 Matthias 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Ferdin- 
 and II. 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Ferdin. 
 and III. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Mahomed 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 Czars 
 
 OS "O 
 
 •5 (3 
 
 3 ,r- "3 
 
 W Kings n, 
 
 4 Boris 
 
 Sigis- 15 
 
 5 mund 16 
 
 6 17 
 
 7 ■ 18 
 
 — Interreg.19 
 
 lVassili 20 
 Chouiski 
 
 2 21 
 
 3 ■ 22 
 
 4 23 
 
 — Interreg.24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 1 Michael 27 
 Romanof 
 
 2 28 
 
 3 29 
 
 4 30 
 
 5 31 
 
 6 32 
 
 7 33 
 
 8 34 
 
 9 35 
 
 10 36 
 
 11 37 
 
 12 38 
 
 13 39 
 
 14 40 
 
 15 41 
 
 16 42 
 
 17 43 
 
 18 44 
 
 19 45 
 
 20 Ladis- 1 
 
 lasVII. 
 
 21 Vasa 2 
 
 22 3 
 
 23 4 
 
 24 5 
 
 25 6 
 
 26 7 
 
 27 8 
 
 28 9 
 
 29 10 
 
 30 11 
 
 31 12 
 
 32 13 
 
 1 Alexis 14 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 John II. 1 
 Cashnir 
 
 5 2 
 
 6 3 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Prussia 
 
 4Joachim. 
 Frederic 
 5 Elector 
 
 of 
 6Branden- 
 
 burg 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 John Si- 
 gismund 
 
 9 succeeds 
 as Duke 
 
 10 of 
 Prussia 
 
 11 1618 
 
 1 George- 
 William 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Frederic 
 Wm. the 
 
 2 Great 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 13 Henry 
 
 IV. 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Louis 
 XIII. 
 
 2 the Just 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Savoy 
 
 22 Charles- 
 Emm. I. 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 1 Victor- 
 Amade- 
 
 2 us I. 
 
 1 Francis- 
 Hyacinth 
 
 1 Charles- 
 Emm. II. 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 1 Louis 
 XIV. 
 
 2 le Grand 
 
 3 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Spain 
 
 4 Philip 
 III. 
 
 1 Philip 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 United to 
 Spain 
 
 1 John IV. 
 Duke of 
 
 2 Bragan- 
 
 za 
 
 3 . 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 -a Kings -a 
 c c 
 
 JS of -2 
 
 44 Elizabeth 
 
 James 35 
 
 45- VI. 36 
 
 1 James I. 
 
 VI. of 
 
 2 Scotland 
 
 1 Charles I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 -Common- 
 wealth 
 
rORICAL TABLES 
 
 N c 53 
 
 POPES 
 
 10 Clement 
 
 VIII. 
 
 11 ■ 
 
 1 Leo XI. 
 1 Paul V. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 1 Gregory 
 
 XV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Urban 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 X. 
 
 2 1 
 
 Francis Lord Bacon, 
 
 1561—1626 
 Father Paul Sarpi, 1652—1622 
 
 Archbishop Bancroft 
 
 1544—1610 
 Francis de Malherbe, 
 
 1556—1628 
 Janus Gruter, 1560—1627 
 
 Cardinal Bellarmine, 
 
 1542—1621 
 Philip du Mornay, 1549—1623 
 
 Galilei Galileo, 15G4— 1642 
 
 Francesco Albano, 1578—1660 
 
 Sir Thomas Bodley, 1544— 1612 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 Lopez de la Vega, 1562—1635 
 Ben Jonson, 1574—1638 
 
 John Kepler, 1571—1630 
 
 John Napier, 1550—1617 
 
 Sir Hugh Middleton, —1631 
 Sir Robert Cotton, 1570—1631 
 
 Domenichino Zampieri, 
 
 1581—1641 
 
 Giovanni Guercino, 
 
 1590—1666 
 
 Dr. William Harvey, 
 
 1578—1658 
 
 Guido Rheni, 1575—1642 
 
 Robert Burton, 1576—1639 
 
 Sir Peter Paul Rubens, 
 
 1577— 1G40 
 
 Sir Henry Spelman, 
 
 1562—1641 
 
 Cardinal Bentivoglio, 
 
 1579—1644 
 
 John Meursius, 1579—1639 
 
 Gerard John Vossius, 
 
 1577—1649 
 Pietro da Cortona, 1596—1669 
 
 Bishop Hall, 1574—1656 
 
 Inigo Jones, 1572—1652 
 
 Hugo Grotius, 1583—1645 
 
 Archbishop Usher, 1580—1656 
 
 Diego Velasquez, 1594—1660 
 
 Sir Anthony Vandyke, 
 
 1599—1641 
 John Selden, 1584—1654 
 
 Peter Gassendi, 1592—1655 
 
 Rene Descartes, 1596—1650 
 
 Claude de Lorraine, 
 
 1600—1682 
 Dionysius Petavius, 
 
 1583—1652 
 Paul Rembrandt, 1606—1674 
 
 Eustace Le Suer, 1617 — 1655 
 
 William Chillingworth, 
 
 1602—1644 
 
 Sir Thomas Browne, 
 
 1605—1682 
 
 Nicholas Poussin, 1594 — 1665 
 
 Bartolomeo Murillo, 
 
 1613—1685 
 Duke de la Rochefoucault, 
 
 1613—1680 
 Salvator Rosa, 1615—1673 
 
 Carlo Dolce, 1616—1685 
 
 Thomas Hobbes, 1588—1679 
 
 Dr. Edward Pococke, 
 
 1604—1691 
 Francis de Mezerai, 
 
 1610—1683 
 
 Defeat of the Spaniards in Ireland by Lord Mountjoy, Dec. 24. — Essex 
 and Southampton found guilty, Feb. 19. — Essex is beheaded, Feb. 25. 
 
 Conspiracy against Henry IV. — Mareschal Biron beheaded, July 21. — 
 O'Neil Earl of Ty rone surrenders at discretion. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth dies, Mar. 24, set. 69. — The proclamation of the acces- 
 sion of King James read ' to the people' by Secretary Cecil, Mar. 24. 
 
 Conference of divines at Hampton Court, Jan. 16.— The style of King 
 of Great Britain first assumed, Oct. 24. 
 
 Gunpowder Plot discovered, Nov. 5. — High disputes between Pope 
 Paul V. and the Venetians. — Marino Grimani the Doge dies, Dec. 16. 
 
 Pope Paul V. forbids the Catholics of England taking the oath of alle- 
 giance, Sept. 3.— Ostend taken by Marquis Spinola, Sept 9. 
 
 Sir Francis Bacon' in a debate upon a Union with Scotland introduces a 
 luminous exposition of a plan of legal reform, Mar. 
 
 Cecil Earl of Salisbury made Lord Treasurer, May 6.— Abp. Bancroft 
 persecutes the Puritans, of whom numbers emigrate to Virginia. 
 
 Twelve years' truce between Spain and the United Provinces, Mar. 29. 
 Edict of Philip III. for the expulsion of the Moors, Dec. 9. 
 
 Henry IV. assassinated by Ravailiac, May 4. — King James renews the 
 league between England and France. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 New Translation of the Bible published by authority, May 22. — First 
 
 creation of baronets.— Robert Carr advanced at Court. 
 Cecil Earl of Salisbury dies, May 24.— Howard Earl of Suffolk succeeds 
 
 as lord treasurer. — Henry Prime of Wales dies, Nov. 6. 
 Marriage of the Pss. Elizabeth to the Elector Palatine. — Sir T. Over- 
 bury dies, Sept. 24. — Carr Earl of Somerset marries the Css. of Essex. 
 King James dissolves the parliament, June 8. — He resorts to raising 
 
 money by way of benevolence, and obtains £52,909. 
 George Villiers sworn of the Privy Council, Apr. 23. — The murder of 
 
 Overbury divulged, Aug. 1. — Lady Arabella Stuart dies, Sept. 17. 
 King James gives up the cautionary towns pledged to Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 May 31. — Somerset and his countess condemned but reprieved, July 11. 
 Sir Francis Bacon made Lord Keeper, Mar. 7 ; and Lard Chancellor, 
 
 May 27. — King James enforces episcopacy in Scotland, July. 
 Religious dissension in Bohemia.— Earl of Suffolk fined for peculation, 
 
 July 12.— Sir Walter Raleigh beh. Oct. 29.— Synod of Dort, Nov. 1. 
 War of the Succession in Germany, Aug. 26, continues thirty years. — 
 
 The circulation of the blood discovered by Dr. William Harvey. 
 Preliminaries of the Spanish match, Apr. 27. — Battle of Prague gained 
 
 by the D. of Bavaria, Nov. 8. — Elector Palatine loses his dominions. 
 
 Lord Bacon convicted of bribery, May 3. — King James in person can- 
 cels a protest of the House of Commons from their journals, Dec. 30. 
 
 Oxford, Southampton, Coke, Slden, Pym, &c. imprisoned. — The 
 Puritans side with the people — the Arminians declare for the King. 
 
 Buckingham and Prince Charles proceed incognito to Madrid, Feb. 7. — 
 'The match' broken off by the intrigues of Buckingham, Nov. 25. 
 
 Cranfield Earl of Middlesex, lord treasurer, removed, May 13. — 
 Treaty of marriage between Prince Charles and Henrietta of France. 
 
 King James I. dies, Mar. 27, a;t. 59.— Marriage of King Charles with 
 Henrietta Maria, June 14. — The first parliament, June lrt — Aug. 12. 
 
 King Charles meets his second parliament, Feb. 6, which is suddenly 
 dissolved, June 15. — He exacts a loan to assist the King of Denmark. 
 
 Sir Thomas Wentworth imprisoned for refusing to aid the loan. — The 
 Duke of Buckingham appears suddenly before Rochelle, July 7. 
 
 Third parliament meets, Mar. 17.— Petition of Right, June 17.— Bucking- 
 ham assassinated by Felton, Aug. 23. — Rochelle surrenders to Louis. 
 
 The Speaker of the H. of Commons forcibly held in the chair pending a 
 protest against tonnage and poundage, Mar. 2. — Parliament dissolved. 
 
 King Charles engages, through the Marquis of Hamilton, to assist 
 Gustavus Adolphus in the recovery of the Palatinate. 
 
 Bp. Laud introduces various objectionable religious ceremonies, Jan. 16. 
 Battle of Leipsic, Count Tilly defeated by Gustavus Adolphus, Aug.28. 
 
 Proclamation enforcing the residence of landholders upon their estates, 
 June 10. — Battle of Lutzen, Gustavus Adolphus killed, Nov. 6. 
 
 King Charles crowned at Edinburgh, June 18.— Episcopacy opposed in 
 the Scottish parliament. — Laud raised to the see of Canterbury, Aug. 
 
 Battle of Nordlinghen gained by the Imperialists, Nov. 28. — Noy, At- 
 torney-general, dies, Aug. 9.— First writ for ship-money, Oct. 20. 
 
 Peace of Prague, May 20. — Earls of Salisbury and Westmoreland and 
 others are heavily fined for encroachments on the royal forests. 
 
 Proclamation restraining the emigration of the Presbyterians to Ame- 
 rica, Apr. 30. — Oliver Cromwell actually embarked. 
 
 Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton pilloried by the Star Chamber, June 30. — 
 First tumult at Edinburgh on the reading of the liturgy, July 23. 
 
 Judgment in the Exchequer against John Hampden for ship money, 
 June 12. — Episcopacy abolished in Scotland, Nov. 29. 
 
 Pacification with the Scots at Berwick, June 13. — Bp. Williams fined by 
 the Star Chamber £5,000 to the King and £3,000 to Abp. Laud, Feb. 
 
 Fourth parliament, Ap.13 — May 5. — The Lords 'solicit the supply' which 
 is voted a breach of privilege, May 1. — Long parliament meets, Nov. 3. 
 
 The judgment in the Exchequer in Hampden's case cancelled by act of 
 parliament, Feb. 26.— Wentworth Earl of Strafford beheaded, May 11. 
 
 King Charles demands the Five Members, Jan. 3. — The royal standard 
 erected at Nottingham, Aug. 22.— Battle of Edgehill, Oct. 23. 
 
 John Hampden mortally wounded at Chalgrove. June 18. — Prince Ru- 
 pert takes Bristol by storm, July 26.— First battle of Newbury, Sept. 20. 
 
 Parliament at Oxford, Jan. 29.— Battle at Marston Moor, July 2.— Sur- 
 render of Skippon, Sept. 2. — Second battle of Newbury, Oct. 27. 
 
 Abp. Laud beheaded, Jan. 10.— Treaty of Uxbridge fails, Feb. 22.— Bat- 
 tle of Naseby, June 14. — Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol, Sept. 10. 
 
 The King sends eight several messages to the parliament from Oxford, 
 Dec. 1645 — Mar. 23. — He surrenders to the Scots at Newark, May 5. 
 
 King Charles delivered by the Scots to the parliamentary commissioners, 
 Jan. 30.— Is taken by Colonel Hammond to Carisbrook castle, Nov. 13. 
 
 Battle of Lens gained by the Prince of Conde, Aug. 9. — Peace of West- 
 phalia, Oct. 14. — The Presbyterians debarred entrance to ' the House.' 
 
 King Charles I. beheaded, Jan. 30.— House of Lords abolished, Feb. 5. 
 Duke of Hamilton and Lords Holland and Capel beheaded. Mar. 9. 
 
 Marquis of Montrose executed, May 20. — King Charles lands in Scot- 
 land, June 23.— Battle of Dunbar gained by Cromwell, Sept. 3. 
 
 Chancellor de Bellievre, 
 
 1529—1607 
 
 Thomas Lord Ellesmere, 
 
 1540—1617 
 
 Secretary Villeroy, —1617 
 
 Robert Earl of Salisbury, 
 
 1563—1612 
 Sir Edward Coke, 1550—1634 
 
 Chancellor Brulart de Sillery, 
 —1624 
 
 Howard Earl of Northampton, 
 —1614 
 
 President Jeannin, 1540—1652 
 
 Francis Duke of Lerma, 
 
 -1625 
 
 Sir John Davies, 1570—1625 
 Carr Earl of Somerset, —1645 
 
 Pensionary Barneveldt, 
 
 1547—1619 
 
 Sir Ralph Winwood, 
 
 1564—1617 
 
 Marquis de Spinola, 
 
 1569—1630 
 
 Charles Albert D. de Luines, 
 
 —1621 
 
 Richard Earl of Cork, 
 
 1566—1643 
 Digby Earl of Bristol, 
 
 1580—1658 
 
 Archbishop Abbot, 1562—1633 
 
 Villiers Duke of Buckingham, 
 
 1582—1028 
 Henry Duke de Rohan, 
 
 1579—1638 
 Sir Henry Wotton, 
 
 1568—1639 
 Williams Abp. of York, 
 
 1582—1650 
 Cardinal Richelieu, 1585—1642 
 
 Albert Count Wallestein, 
 
 1584—1634 
 
 Thomas Lord Coventry, 
 
 1578—1640 
 
 Mareschal Bassompierre, 
 
 1579—1646 
 
 Gaspar Duke d'Olivarez, 
 
 —1643 
 
 Chancellor Oxenstiern,' 
 
 1583—1654 
 
 Weston Earl of Portland, 
 
 —1634 
 
 Duke of Saxe Weimar, 
 
 1604—1639 
 
 Archbishop Laud, 1573 — 1645 
 
 Thomas Earl of Strafford, 
 
 1593—1641 
 John Hampden, 1594 — 1643 
 
 John Pym, 1584—1643 
 
 Denzil Holies, 1597—1680 
 
 William Lenthal, 1591—1663 
 
 Robert Earl of Essex, 
 
 1596—1646 
 
 James Marquis of Montrose, 
 
 1612—1650 
 Carey Viscount Falkland, 
 
 1610—1643 
 William Marq. of Newcastle, 
 
 1592—1676 
 Thomas Lord Fairfax, 
 
 1611—1671 
 Sir Henry Vane, 1612—1662 
 
 Cardinal Mazarine, 1602—1661 
 
 Cardinal de Retz,' 1614—1679 
 
 Louis ' le Grande Conde' 
 
 1621—1686 
 Bishop Juxon, 1584— 1663 
 
 Anne of Austria, — 1665 
 
D. 1601—1650 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 53* 
 
 DOGES 
 
 OP 
 
 VENICE 
 
 7 Marino Grimano 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Leonardo Donato 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 5 
 
 1 M. Ant. Me:nmo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Giovanni Bembo 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 Nicolo Donato 
 Antonio Priuli 
 
 1 Francesco Conta- 
 
 rini 
 1 Giovanni Cornaro 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Nicolo Contarini 
 
 1 Francesco Erizzo 
 
 2 
 
 1 Francesco Molino 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 ., G.Dukes j 
 
 H Dukes M 
 
 15 Ferdind. I. 
 
 Cassar 5 
 
 16 L 6 
 
 17 7 
 
 18 8 
 
 19 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 1 Cosmo 13 
 II.de 
 
 2 Medici 14 
 
 1 Ferdin. 25 
 and II. 
 
 2 de 26 
 Medici 
 
 3 27 
 
 8 Alfonso 1 
 
 III. 
 
 9 Francis 1 
 
 I. 
 10 2 
 
 Dukes £ 
 
 i ° f 1 
 
 Ph ' o 
 
 10 Ranutius 
 Ferdin- 27 
 
 11 and II. 28 
 
 30 47 
 
 1 Edward 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 Csesar 1 
 II. 
 
 II Ferdin- 1 
 and III. 
 2 
 
 lRanutiusl5 
 
 II. 
 2 16 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Mantua 
 
 15 Vincent I. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 lFrancisIII. 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 
 2 
 
 1 Vincent II. 
 
 1 Charles I. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 ICharlesIII. 
 son of 
 
 2 Charles II. 
 Duke de 
 
 3 Rethelois 
 
 2 Govnrs. > 
 
 u o 
 
 V I. 
 
 J3 • (U 
 
 a! e 
 •A Stadts. t3 
 
 6 Archduke 
 Albert, 15 
 
 7 both are 16 
 invested 
 
 8 with 17 
 
 sovereign 
 9 power 18 
 
 10 19 
 
 11 20 
 
 12 21 
 
 13 22 
 
 14 23 
 
 15 24 
 
 16 25 
 
 17 26 
 
 18 27 
 
 19 28 
 
 20 29 
 
 21 30 
 
 22 31 
 
 23 32 
 
 24 33 
 
 25 34 
 
 26 Isabel. 35 
 
 la 
 
 27 alone 36 
 
 28 37 
 
 29 38 
 
 30 Frederic 1 ' 
 
 Henry 
 
 31 of 2 
 Orange 
 
 32 3 
 
 33 4 
 
 34 5 
 
 35 6 
 
 36 7 
 
 37 8 
 
 IDonFer- 9 
 
 dinand 
 2 10 
 
 3 11 
 
 4 12 
 
 5 13 
 
 6 14 
 
 7 15 
 
 8 16 
 
 1 Don 17 
 Fran- 
 
 2 cesco 18 
 Mello 
 
 3 19 
 
 1 Marquis 20 
 de Castel 
 
 2 Rodrigo 21 
 
 3 22 
 
 lArc.Leopd. 
 William 1 
 
 2 II. of 2 
 Orange 
 
 3 3 
 
 A H 
 4 9 
 
 Dukes, 
 Brunswick 
 Lunenburg 
 
 10 Ernest II. 
 
 11 
 
 1 Christian 
 I. 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 1 Augustus 
 
 1 Frederic 
 II. 
 
 1 Christian- 
 
 Louis 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Wurtembg. 
 
 9 Frederic 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 1 John- 
 Frederic 
 
 2 
 
 1 Eberhard 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 Electors 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 6 Maximili- 
 
 an 
 
 7 
 
 28 created 
 the 8th 
 
 29 Elector 
 
 Electors 
 
 Palatine 
 
 19 Frederic 
 
 IV. 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 1 Frederic 
 V. 
 
 Charles- 
 Louis 
 recovers 
 
 the 
 Palatinate, 
 
 1650 
 
 
 v§ Dukes (3 
 
 11 Christ. I. 
 
 Charles 57 
 
 12 II. 58 
 
 18 Henry 1 
 1L the 
 
 19 Good 2 
 
 1 John- 
 George 
 
 2 I. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 — 
 
 14 Francis 1 
 
 II. 
 
 15 Charles 2 
 III. and 
 
 16 Nicholas 3 
 
 Francis 
 
 17 4 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 is 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 M 
 
 27 
 
A.D. 1651—1700 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 6364 
 6365 
 6366 
 6367 
 6368 
 6369 
 6370 
 6371 
 6372 
 6373 
 
 6374 
 6375 
 6376 
 6377 
 6378 
 6379 
 6380 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 P 
 
 o 
 c 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 1651 
 1652 
 1653 
 1654 
 1655 
 1656 
 1657 
 1658 
 1659 
 1660 
 
 1661 
 1632 
 1633 
 1664 
 1665 
 1666 
 1667 
 
 6381 
 
 1668 
 
 6382 
 
 1669 
 
 6383 
 
 1670 
 
 6384 
 
 1671 
 
 6385 
 
 1672 
 
 6386 
 
 1673 
 
 6387 
 
 1674 
 
 6388 
 
 1675 
 
 6389 
 
 1676 
 
 6390 
 
 1677 
 
 6391 
 
 1678 
 
 6392 
 
 1679 
 
 6393 
 
 1680 
 
 6394 
 
 1681 
 
 6395 
 
 1682 
 
 6396 
 
 1683 
 
 6397 
 
 1684 
 
 6398 
 
 1685 
 
 6399 
 
 1686 
 
 6400 
 
 1687 
 
 6401 
 
 1688 
 
 6402 
 
 1689 
 
 6403 
 
 1690 
 
 6104 
 
 1691 
 
 6405 
 
 1692 
 
 6106 
 
 1693 
 
 6407 
 
 1694 
 
 6408 
 
 1695 
 
 6409 
 
 1C96 
 
 6410 
 
 1697 
 
 6411 
 
 1698 
 
 6412 
 
 1699 
 
 6413 
 
 1700 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Turkey 
 
 3 Mahomed 
 
 IV. 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 Soliman 
 
 III. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Ahmed II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Mustafa 1 1. 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 15 Ferdin- 
 and III. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 1 Leopold 
 
 I. 
 
 2 
 
 K Kings pi, 
 
 7 Alexis 
 
 John 4 
 
 8 II. 5 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Prussia 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 IS 
 19 
 
 23 20 
 
 24 Interreg. 
 
 25 Michael 1 
 Koributh 
 
 26 2 
 
 27 
 
 30 John III.l 
 
 Sobieski 
 
 31 2 
 
 1 Feodor .3 
 
 II. 
 
 2 4 
 
 1 Ivan V. 9 
 
 and 
 
 2 Peter I. 10 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 , 
 
 7 
 
 1 Peter 
 
 the 
 
 2 Great 
 alone 
 
 12Frederic- 
 William 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 13 1 47 
 
 3 18 
 
 4 19 
 
 5 20 
 
 6 21 
 
 7 22 
 
 8 23 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 9 Frederic 1 
 
 August. 
 10 2 
 
 48 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 2 
 
 9 Louis 
 XIV. 
 
 10 
 
 11 — — 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Dukes 
 of 
 
 Savoy 
 
 14 Charles 
 Em. II. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Spain 
 
 31 Philip 
 
 IV. 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 1 Victor. 
 Amade- 
 
 2 us II. 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Gt. Britain 
 
 Princes 
 
 of 
 Orange 
 
 — Protector- 
 ate 
 
 12 John IV. — Common. 
 of Bra. 
 
 13 ganza 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 Alfonso 
 
 VI. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 Charles II. 
 
 5WMUam 
 
 II. 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1 William 
 III. 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 1 Philip V. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 1 Pedro II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 James II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Interreg. 
 
 lWillm.IIL 
 Mary 1 
 
 2 2 
 
 30 King of 
 
 Great 
 
 31 Britain 
 
 3 32 
 
 4 33 
 
 :;i 
 
 35 
 M 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 
TORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 54 
 
 ■ 
 
 POPES 
 
 a 
 
 
 II. 
 
 8 Innocent 
 
 X. 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 11 
 
 — 
 
 1 Alexander 
 
 VII. 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 4 - 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 — 
 
 11 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 
 — 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 IX. 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 1 Clement 
 X. 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 1 Innocent 
 XI. 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 •3 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 7 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 - 
 
 9 
 
 - 
 
 10 
 
 - 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 13 
 
 - 
 
 1 Alexander 
 VIII. 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 1 Innocent 
 
 XII. 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
 n 
 
 4 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 7" 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1 Clement 
 XI. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Madame de Sevigne, 
 
 1627—1696 
 John F. Gronovius, 1611— 1671 
 
 Blaise Pascal, 1623— 1662~ 
 
 John Milton, 1608—1674 
 
 James Harrington, 1611 — 1677 
 
 Edmund Waller, 1605—1687 
 
 Peter Corneille, 1606—1684 
 
 John Baptist Moliere, 
 
 1622—1673 
 Bp. Brian Walton, 1600—1661 
 
 Luca Giordano, 1629—1705 
 
 Sir John Marsham, 1602—1685 
 
 Samuel Butler, 1612—1680 
 
 Charles le Brun, 1619—1690 
 
 Bp. Jeremy Taylor, 
 
 1613—1667 
 John F. Vaillant, 1632—1676 
 
 James Gregory, 1638—1675 
 
 John L. Bernini, 1598—1680 
 
 John Evelyn, 1620—1706 
 
 Christian Huygens, 1629— 1695 
 
 Sir Christopher Wren, 
 
 1622—1723 
 
 Isaac Barrow, 1630—1677 
 
 Richard Baxter, 1615—1691 
 
 Bartholomew D'Herbelot, 
 
 1625—1695 
 John Bunyan, 1628—1688 
 
 Robert Boyle, 1626—1691 
 
 Samuel Puffendorf, 1632—1694 
 
 Carlo Maratti, 1625—1713 
 
 Henry PurceU, 1658—1695 
 
 John de la Bruyere, 
 
 John de la Fontaine, 
 
 1644—1696 
 
 1621—1695 
 
 Thomas Otway, 1651—1685 
 
 Bernard Fontenelle, 
 
 1657—1757 
 John Dryden, 1631—1700 
 
 John Racine, 1639—1697 
 
 Nicholas Boileau, 1636—1711 
 
 Humphrey Prideaux, 
 
 1648—1724 
 John George Graovius, 
 
 1632—1703 
 Peter Bayle, 1647—1706 
 
 John Locke, 1632—1704 
 
 Bishop Stillingfleet, 
 
 1635—1699 
 
 Archbishop Tillotson, 
 
 1630—1694 
 Bishop Burnet, 1643—1715 
 
 Bossuet Bp. of Meaux, 
 
 1627—1704 
 Luuis Tillemont, 1637—1698 
 
 Nicholas Malebranche, 
 
 1638—1715 
 
 John Dominic Cassini, 
 
 1625—1712 
 
 Henry Dodwell , 1 642— 1 7 IT 
 
 James Gronovius, 1645 — 1716 
 Bishop Hough, 1650—1743 
 Madame Dacier, 1650—1720 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 Charles II. crowned at Scone, Jan. 1. — Enters England by Carlisle, Aug. 6. 
 -~- Battle of Worcester, Sept. 3. — The King escapes to France, Oct. 17. 
 War between England and Holland, June 30. — Seven naval battles in 
 
 thirteen months. — Blake, Van Tromp, de Ruyter, &c. 
 Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament, Apr. 20. — Barebone parlia- 
 ment, July 4 — Dec. 12. — Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector, Dec. 16, 
 Peace between England and Holland, Apr. 5. — New parliament, Sept. 3 — 
 
 Jan. 22. — The hereditary Protectorate refused, Oct. 19. 
 Conspiracy of the republicans, Feb. 10. — Penruddock executed at Exeter, 
 
 May 16. — The press controlled by the Secretary of State, Oct. 
 War between England and Spain, Mar. 12.— Blake destroys four and takes 
 
 two Spanish Galleons, Sept 10. — New parliament, Sept. 17 — June 26. 
 Victory at Santa Cruz by Blake, who dies on his return, Apr. 17. — Crom. 
 
 well declines the regal title. May 8. — Assassination plot, Jan. 9. 
 The keys of Dunkirk delivered by Louis XIV. in person to the English 
 
 ambassador, June 17. — Oliver Cromwell dies, Sept 3. 
 New parliament, Jan. 27 — Apr. 22.— The Rump, May 7— Oct. 12. — Rich. 
 
 ard Cromwell resigns, May 13. — The Rump restored, Dec. 26 — Mar. 16. 
 General Monk enters England,-Jan. 1, and London, Feb. 3.— Convention 
 
 parliament, Apr. 25 — Dec. 29. — King Charles II. restored, May 29. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Archibald Marq. of Argyll, 
 
 ob. st. 63, 1661 
 Admiral M. Van Tromp, 
 
 1597—1653 
 Oliver Cromwell, 1599—1658 
 
 Admiral Blake, 1599—1657 
 
 John Thurloe, 1616—1668 
 
 Edmund Ludlow, 1602—1693 
 
 Mareschal Turenne, 
 
 1611—1675 
 Admiral de Ruyter, 
 
 1607—1676 
 Bulstrode Whitelock, 
 
 1005—1676 
 Monk, Duke of Albemarle, 
 
 1608^1070 
 
 New parliament, May 8. — The Commons ordered to take the sacrament. 
 Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland, May 8. — Argyll beh. May 27. 
 
 Marriage of King Charles to Catherine of Portugal, May 20. — Sir Henry 
 Vane beheaded, June 14. — Dunkirk sold to France, Oct. 17. 
 
 The Guards reviewed, — about 4000 men, the whole standing army of the 
 time, July 4. — Impeachment of Lord Clarendon fails, July 9. 
 
 The Clergy exchange the right of taxing themselves in Convocation for 
 the elective franchise. — Hostilities against Holland 
 
 The Dutch fleet defeated by the Duke of York ; Admiral Opdam blown 
 up, June 3. — The great Plague in London, June 29 — Dec. 12. 
 
 Conflict of four days with the Dutch fleet, June 1 — 4. — Dutch fleet de- 
 feated by Rupert and Monk, June 26. — Great Fire of London, Sept. 2. 
 
 The Dutch sail up the Medway and burn several ships of the line, June 3. 
 Peace of Breda, JulylO.—Ld. Clarendon resigns the Great Seal, Aug. 30. 
 
 Triple alliance; England, Holland, and Sweden against Louis XIV. 
 Jan. 13 — Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ; France and Spain, Apr. 22. 
 
 Union with Scotland proposed to parliament upon the basis of episco- 
 pacy, and is moved by Lauderdale in Scotland the same day, Oct. 19. 
 
 The Cabal, — Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. 
 Dss. of Portsmouth sent by Louis XIV. to secure the French interest. 
 
 The 'Commons' protest against alterations in money bills by the ' Lords,' 
 
 Mar. 6. — Attempt of Blood to steal the crown. May 9. 
 The king shuts the Exchequer, Jan. 2. — Battle of Solebay, May 27. — P. of 
 
 Orange made Stadtholder, June 1. — Shaftesbury Chancellor, Nov. 17. 
 Test Act, Mar. 29. — Duke of York refuses the Test. — Shaftesbury dis- 
 missed, Nov. 9, Duke of York marries Mary of Modena, Nov. 21. 
 Peace between England and Holland, Feb. 11. — Battle of Senef between 
 
 the Prince of Conde and the Prince of Orange, Aug. 1. 
 Disputes between the two Houses respecting the right of appeal to the 
 
 House of Lords, which leads to prorogation for 15 months, Nov. 22. 
 King Charles pensioned by Louis XIV. withdraws to Windsor. — 
 
 National prosperity. — Political calm before the tempest. 
 Buckingham, Shaftesbury, Salisbury, and Wharton sent to the Tower 
 
 for asserting that the prorogation was in effect a dissolution, Feb. 15. 
 Peace of Nimeguen, July 31. — The Popish Plot, Sept. 6. — SirE. Godfrey 
 
 murdered, Oct. 17. — Five Catholic lords sent to the Tower, Oct. 25. 
 Parliament dissolved, Jan. 24. — D. of York withdraws to Brussels,Mar.3. 
 
 New parliament, Mar. 6 — July 10. — Habeas Corpus act, May 27. 
 Party distinctions, Whig and Tory arise. — Parliament, Oct. 21 — Jan. 10. 
 
 Exclusion bill thrown out, Nov. 15. — Viscount Stafford beh. Sept. 29. 
 
 The parliament meets at Oxford, Mar. 21 — 27. — ' The Expedient' fails. — 
 Indictment against Lord Shaftesbury for treason ignored, Nov 24. 
 
 The City authorities by the new election for sheriffs become devoted to 
 the Court. — Shaftesbury withdraws to Holland, Oct. 19. 
 
 Rye-House Plot, June 23.— Lord Russell beh. July 21.— Sir George Jef- 
 fries made lord-chief-justice, Sept. 28. — Algernon Sydney beh. Dec. 7. 
 
 John Hampden fined £40,000, Feb. 6.— The catholic lords released from 
 the Tower, Feb. 12.— The Duke of York recalled to Council, May 28. 
 
 K. Charles II. dies, Feb. 6, ast.54— Edict of Nantes revoked,Oct.l2.— D. of 
 Monmouth taken at Sedgemoor, July 6.— Ld. Sunderland premier,Dec. 
 
 The dispensing power assumed by the king and affirmed by the judges, 
 June 21. — New ecclesiastical commission opened, July 14. 
 
 Contest of the king with the University of Cambridge, May 7— and with 
 Oxford, Dec. 10. — The Pope's Nuncio received at Windsor, July 3. 
 
 Trial of the seven bishops, June 29. — MeetingatLd.Shrewsbury's,June30. 
 P. of Orange lands at Torbay, Nov. 5. — K. James withdraws, Dec. 23. 
 
 King William and Queen Mary proclaimed Feb. 13.— Habeas Corpus 
 Act suspended the first time, March 16. — Bill of Rights, Dec. 16. 
 
 Battle of the Boyne, July 1.— Dublin, Wexford, Drogheda, and Water- 
 ford surrender, but at Limerick King William is repulsed. Aug. 30. 
 
 Congress at the Hague, King William protests against LouisXIV. Jan. 26. 
 
 Battle of Aghrim, July 12. — Limerick surrenders to Gen. Ginkle.Oct. 3. 
 Marlborough deprived of office, Jan. 7.— Battle of La Hogue, May 23. — 
 
 BattleofSteenkirk, July 24— Hanover made a ninth Electorate, Dec. 9. 
 Massacre of Glencoe, Jan. 31.— Battle of Landen lost by King William, 
 
 July 29. — Battle of Marsiglia, Duke of Savoy defeated. 
 The royal assent refused to a bill touching free and impartial proceedings 
 
 in parliament, Jan. 25. — Queen Mary dies, Dec. 28, est. 33. 
 Sir John Trevor, speaker of the House of Commons, expelled for bribery, 
 
 the question being put by himself from the chair, March 12. 
 Assassination plot discovered, Feb.14.— Sir John Fenwick unconvicted by 
 
 single evidence, suffers by a bill passed by a majority of seven, Nov. 9. 
 Peace of Ryswick, Sept. 1 1 . — The Commons disband the forces against the 
 
 king's expressed opinion in favour of a stand «ig army, Dec. 11. 
 Peter the Great comes to England incognito. Jan. 11.— First partition 
 
 treaty of the Spanish monarchy ; England, France, and Holland, Aug. 19. 
 The king's request to retain his Dutch guards finally rejected by the 
 
 House of Commons as contrary to the Constitution, Mar. 24. 
 The second partition treaty. Feb. 26.— William Duke of Gloucester 
 
 dies, July 30.— Charles II. King of Spain dies, Oct 29. 
 
 Edward Earl of Clarendon, 
 
 1608—1674 
 James Duke of Ormond, 
 
 1607—1688 
 Heneage Earl of Nottingham, 
 
 1621—1682 
 Admiral C. Van Tromp, 
 
 1629—1691 
 Pensionary De Witt, 
 
 1625—1672 
 Edward Earl of Sandwich, 
 
 1625—1672 
 John Duke of Lauderdale, 
 
 1616-1682 
 Villiers2nd D.of Buckingham, 
 
 1627—1688 
 John Baptist Colbert, 
 
 ob. »t. 64, 1683 
 Anthony Earl of Shaftesbury, 
 
 1621— 10s3 
 
 Sir William Temple, 
 
 1628—1700 
 Andrew Marvell, 1620—1678 
 
 Thomas Duke of Leeds, 
 
 ob. aet. 81, 1712 
 Charles Earl of Dorset, 
 
 1637—1706 
 Bishop Compton, 1632—1713 
 
 Mareschal de Luxemburg, 
 
 1628—1693 
 
 Sir William Pulteney, 
 
 ob. aet. 78, 1691 
 
 James Viscount Stair, 
 
 1607—1695 
 
 William Lord Russell, 
 
 1641—1683 
 
 Algernon Sidney, 1617—1683 
 
 James Duke Monmouth, 
 
 1649—1685 
 Mareschal D. of Schomberg, 
 
 1619—1690 
 Letellier de Louvois, 
 
 1641—1694 
 George Marquis of Halifax, 
 
 1630—1695 
 Mareschal de Vauban, 
 
 1638—1707 
 Robert Earl of Sunderland, 
 
 ob. aet. 61, 1702 
 Archbishop Sancroft, 
 
 1616—1695 
 Sir Edward Seymour, 
 
 ob. aet. 75, 1708 
 Reverend George Walker, 
 
 — 1690 
 William Duke of Devonshire, 
 
 1640—1707 
 
 John Lord Somers, 
 
 ob. aet. 67, 1716 
 Reverend William Carstares, 
 1619—1715 
 Russell Earl of Orford, 
 
 ob. aet. 75, 1727 
 Madame de Maintenon, 
 
 ob. set. 84. 1719 
 Charles Duke of Shrewsbury, 
 1667—1717 
 William Earl of Portland, 
 
 —1709 
 Charles Earl of Peterborough, 
 
 ob. aet. 77, 1735 
 John Earl of Stair, 1648—1707 
 
 Lord Chief Justice Holt, 
 
 1642—1710 
 Michael Chamillard, —1721 
 
 II 
 
u D. 1651—1700 
 
 NON.REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 54* 
 
 DOGES 
 
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 6 Francesco Molino 
 
 7 
 
 1 Carlo Contarini 
 
 1 Francesco Cornaro 
 1 Bertucci Valiero 
 
 1 Giovanni Pesaro 
 
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 2 
 
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 16 
 
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A.D. 1701—1750 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
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 6448 
 6449 
 6450 
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 6 2 
 
 7 3 
 
 8 4 
 
 9 5 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 Ivan 7 
 VI. 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
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 21 
 
 22 
 
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 3 — £ 
 
 4 ° 
 
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 7 2 
 
 8 3 
 
 9 4 
 
 10 5 
 
 11 6 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 26 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
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 6454 
 6455 
 6456 
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 6458 
 6459 
 6460 
 6461 
 6462 
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 1741 
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 1747 
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 1750 
 
 12 
 
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 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
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 1 Charles 3 
 VII. of 
 
 2 Bavaria 4 
 
 3 5 
 
 1 Francis 
 
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 2 Lorraine 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 Eliza- 8 
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 2 9 
 
 3 10 
 
 4 11 
 
 5 12 
 
 6 13 
 
 7 14 
 
 8 15 
 
 9 16 
 
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 27 
 
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 32 
 
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 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 12 7 
 
 13 8 
 
 14 9 
 
 15 10 
 
 16 11 
 
 17 12 
 
 18 13 
 
 19 14 
 
 20 15 
 
 21 16 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 1 Ferdin- 
 
 and VI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Joseph 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 • 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
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 34 
 
 35 
 
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 40 
 
 12 Fr 
 
 13 a 
 
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 15 - 
 
 16 - 
 
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 4 - 
 
 5 - 
 
5T0RICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 55 
 
 POPES 
 
 2 Clement 
 
 XI. 
 
 3 
 
 1 Innocent' 
 
 XIII. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Benedict 
 XIII. 
 
 1 Clement 
 XII. 
 
 1 Benedict 
 XIV. 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 Sir Isaac Newton, 1642—1726 
 
 Fenelon, Abp. of Cambray, 
 
 1651—1715 
 
 Godfrey Wm. Leibnitz, 
 
 1646—1716 
 
 Huet, Bp. of Avranches, 
 
 1630—1721 
 
 Dr. Robert South, 1633—1716 
 
 John Flamsteed, 1646—1719 
 Bishop Beveridge, 1637—1708 
 Sir Hans Sloane, 1660—1752 
 
 Dr. Richard Bentley, 
 
 1662—1742 
 Rene Anthony Reaumur, 
 
 1683—1757 
 
 Joseph Addison. 1672—1719 
 Sir Richard Steele, 1671—1729 
 P. J. de Crebillon, 1674—1762 
 Bishop Atterbury, 1662—1732 
 Nicholas Rowe, 1673—1718 
 John le Clerc, 1657—1736 
 
 John Baptist Massillon, 
 
 1663—1742 
 
 Lady M. W. Montagu, 
 
 1690—1762 
 
 Daniel De Foe, 1663—1731 
 
 Bernard de Montfaucon, 
 
 1655—1741 
 
 Dr. Samuel Clarke, 1675— 1729 
 
 Jonathan Swift, 1667—1742 
 
 Edmund Halley, 1656—1741 
 
 John Albert Fabricius, 
 
 1668—1736 
 Dr. John Arbuthnot, —1735 
 
 Herman Boerhaave, 
 
 1668—1738 
 Philip Destouches, 1680—1754 
 
 Daniel Waterland, 1683—1740 
 
 Leonard Euler, 1707—1783 
 
 Bishop Hoadly, 1675—1761 
 
 Alexander Pope, 
 Thomas Southerne. 
 Archbishop Potter. 
 Bishop Butler, 
 Bishop Sherlock, 
 Bishop Berkeley, 
 Colin Maclaurin, 
 James Thomson, 
 George Whitefleld, 
 John Wesley, 
 
 1688—1744 
 
 1660—1746 
 
 1674—1747 
 1692—1752 
 
 1678—1761 
 
 1684-1753 
 
 1698—1746 
 
 1700—1748 
 
 1714—1770 
 
 1703—1791 
 
 Baron de Montesquieu, 
 
 1689—1755 
 
 Dr. Edward Young, 
 
 1681—1765 
 
 George Frederic Handel, 
 
 1684—1759 
 
 Dr. James Bradley, 1693—1762 
 
 Henry Fielding, 1707—1754 
 William Hogarth, 1697—1764 
 
 John Baptist Piranesi, 
 
 1721—1778 
 Dr. Richard Pococke, 
 
 1704—1765 
 David Garrick, 1706—1779 
 
 Frederick Klopstock, 
 
 1724—1803 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 Act of Settlement, June 12.— K.James II. dies, Sep.6, aet. 68.— The Grand 
 
 Alliance, Sept. 7. — Frederic Duke of Prussia takes the regal title. 
 Kirg William III. dies, Mar. 8 aet. 51.— War against France and Spain, 
 
 May 4.— Vigo taken by Sir George Rooke, Oct 12. 
 Portugal joins the ' Alliance,' May 6. — The Great Storm, Nov. 26. — 
 
 Charles III. of Spain arrives at Spithead, Dec. 26. 
 Gibraltar taken by Sir George Rooke, July 13. — Battle of Blenheim, Mar- 
 shal Tallard taken prisoner, Aug. 2. — Action off Malaga, Aug. 13. 
 Siege of Gibraltar raised by the Spaniards — and naval victory of Sir John 
 
 Leake, March 10. — Marlborough forces the lines at Tirlemont, July 7. 
 Battle of Ramillies, May 12. — Menin surrenders to the Duke of Marl. 
 
 borough, July 24. — Dendermond, on Aug. 19.— Battleof Turin, Aug. 28. 
 Battle of Almanza, April 14. — Union with Scotland, May 1. — Sir 
 
 Cloudesly Shovel lost on the rocks of Scilly, Oct 22. 
 Battle of Oudenarde, June 30. — Minorca taken by General Stanhope, 
 
 Sept. 18.— Action of Wynendale, Sept. 17.— Lisle taken, Oct 12. 
 Battieof Pultowa,Charles XII. defeated, June 28.— Battle of Malplaquet, 
 
 Sept. 1. — Dr. Sacheverell's sermon at St. Paul's, Nov. 5. 
 Dr. Sacheverell suspended, Mar. 23. — Battle of Saragossa, Aug. 9. — Tory 
 
 ministry, Sept. 21. — Battle of Villa Viciosa, Nov. 29. 
 
 The Emperor Joseph dies, Apr. 6. — Is succeeded by Charles III. of Spain 
 
 as Charles VI., Oct. 1. — Bouchain taken by Marlborough, Sept. 9. 
 P. Eugene separates from the D. of Ormond, July 5 — and besieges Land. 
 
 reci, July 6. — Earl of Albemarle defeated by Villars at Denain, July 13. 
 The Dukes of Berry and Orleans renounce succession to the crown of 
 
 Spain, Mar. 4. — Peace of Utrecht, Mar. 30. — Pragmatic Sanction, Ap. 6. 
 Queen Annedies,Aug.l. aet. 49. — Peace of Baden, Aug. 24. — Bolingbroke 
 
 dismissed, Aug. 31.— New ministry, Lord Halifax premier, Sept. 24. 
 Louis XIV. dies, Aug. 21, aet. 77. — Robert Walpole Chancellor of the 
 
 Exchequer. Oct. 10.— Battle of Sherifflnuir, Nov. 13. 
 The rebel lords, Earl of Derwentwater and Viscount Kenmure, beheaded 
 
 Feb. 24. — Septennial act, May 7, Duke of Argyll dismissed, July 4. 
 Triple Alliance, England, France, and Holland, Jan. 4. — Lord Towns- 
 
 hend and Mr. Walpole displaced by Secretary Stanhope, April 1C. 
 Quadruple Alliance, July 22. — Sir George Byngdestroj s the Spanish fleet 
 
 off Passaro, July 31 —Charles XII. killed at Frederickshal, Nov. 30. 
 The crown of Sweden declared elective, Jan. 25. — The Mississippi scheme 
 
 in France at its height in Nov., Dec., this year. 
 The South Sea bubble begins about Apr. 7, is at its acme June, July, and 
 
 sinks about Sept. 29. — Plague at Marseilles, Aug. 
 
 Earl Stanhope dies suddenly, Feb. 5. — Lord Townshend succeeds as Se- 
 cretary, Feb. 8. — Mr. Robert Walpole premier, Apr. 2. 
 
 The regent duke of Orleans gives information of a conspiracy in favour 
 of the Pretender, May. — John Duke of Marlborough dies, June 16. 
 
 Bishop Atterbury sentenced to banishment, leaves England, June 22. — 
 Lord Bolingbroke returns. — The regent Duke of Orleans dies, Nov. 22. 
 
 Philip V. abdicates the throne, Jan. 4. — Ferment in Ireland respecting 
 Wood's halfpence, April. — Philip of Spain resumes the crown, Aug. 20. 
 
 First treaty of Vienna, between Spain and the Emperor, Apr. 30.— Lord 
 Macclesfield convicted of embezzlement, and fined £30,000, May 20. 
 
 The Duke de Ripperda arrested by the Spanish authorities in the 
 British ambassadors house at Madrid, May 3. 
 
 Siege of Gibraltar, May 20 — Apr. — King George I. dies, June 1 1, set. 67. — 
 The new civil list raised to £800,000, an increase of £100,000, July 3. 
 
 Congress at Soissons, May 14. — The Spaniards continue to make repri- 
 sals notwithstanding the preliminaries at Soissons. 
 
 Treaty of Seville, Gt. Britain, France, and Spain, Oct. 29.— L C. J. Ray. 
 mond decides in Woolston's case, Christianity to be the law of England. 
 
 Viscount Townshend retires, June.— Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, 
 abdicates the throne, Sept. 3.— Sultan Ahmed III. deposed, Sept. 17. 
 
 Second treaty of Vienna ; G. Britian guarantees the Pragmatic Sanction, 
 
 Mar. 5.— William Pulteney struck off the list of Privy Council, July I. 
 The Pragmatic Sanction confirmed by a diet of the Empire, Jan. 11. — The 
 
 Dss. of Marlborough advances £300,000 upon the salt duty, June 19. 
 Frederic Aug. King of Poland dies, Feb. 1. — Excise scheme introduced, 
 
 Mar. 14. — Double election to the crown of Poland divides Europe, Oct.5. 
 Marshal Duke of Berwick killed at Philipsburg, July 8.— Stanislaus 
 
 withdraws from the Polish contest, July 9.— Battleof Guastalla, Sept. 8. 
 Arrest of 19 of the Portuguese ambassador's retinue at Madrid, which 
 
 is retaliated at Lisbon by a like proceeding, and divides the two courts. 
 Death of Prince Eugene, April 10. — Capt. Porteous executed at the 
 
 sign-post by the mob at Edinburgh, Sept. 7. 
 The theatres placed by Walpole under the control of the lord chamberlain, 
 
 June 2. — Royal disputes, the P. of Wales dismissed thepalace, Sept.14. 
 William Pitt made gentleman of the bedchamber to the Princeof Wales, 
 
 Feb. 21. — King George III. born May 24. — Peace of Vienna, Nov. 7. 
 Lord Walpole, son of Sir Robert, made Auditor of the Exchequer. — War 
 
 against Spain, Oct. 23.— Porto Bello taken by AdmiralVernon,Nov.21. 
 Emperor Charles VI. dies, Oct. 9.— Pragmatic Sanction violated by all but 
 
 England. — Maria Theresa rejects the terms of Frederic with disdain. 
 
 Motion lost for dismissal of Walpole, Feb. 13.— Battleof Molwitz gained 
 
 by Frederic of Prussia, Mar. 20.— Prague taken by assault, Oct. 30. 
 Sir Robert Walpole outvoted at Chippenham, Feb. 2 ; resigns, Feb. 11. — 
 
 Pulteney sinks in popularity as Earl of Bath, July 15. 
 Battle of Dettingen, June 16.— Mr. Pelham made first lord of the Trea- 
 sury, July 26. — Henry Fox, a junior lord of the Treasury, Dec. 22. 
 Sea-fight off Toulon, Feb. 10.— War declared against France, Mar. 31.— t 
 
 Broad bottom ministry, Nov. 27. — The Pelhams in the ascendant. 
 Battle of Fontenoy, Apf. 30. — The young Pretender lands in Scotland, 
 
 July. — ThegranddukeofTuscany elected emperor as Francis I. Sept.2. 
 Battleof Culloden,Apr.l6. — Lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino beheaded, 
 
 Aug. 18— and the Earl of Derwentwater (Charles Ratcliffe), Dec. 8. 
 The Prince of Orange elected Stadtholder, May 3. — Heritable jurisdiction 
 
 in Scotland abolished. — Admiral Hawke defeats the French fleet, Oct. 14 
 Peace of Aix la Chapelle, Oct. 7. — The young Pretender arrested at the 
 
 Opera, and carried forcibly out of France, Dec. 10. 
 Herculaneum discovered beneath the lava of Vesuvius after being lost 
 
 for seventeen centuries. 
 Reduction of interest on the public funds, Feb. 28. — Treaty of commerce 
 
 between Great Britain and Spain, Oct. 5. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 Sidney Earl of Godolphin, 
 
 —1712 
 Prince Eugene, 1663—1736 
 
 Mareschal Duke of Berwick, 
 1670—1734 
 
 John Duke of Marlborough, 
 1650—1722 
 
 Mareschal Tallard, 1652—1728 
 
 James Earl Stanhope, 
 
 1673—1721 
 Abigail Lady Masham, —1734 
 
 Admiral Lord Torrington, 
 
 1663—1733 
 Mareschal Villars, 1653—1734 
 
 Harley Earl of Oxford, 
 
 1661—1724 
 
 St John Viscount Bolinbroke, 
 
 ob. aet. 73, 1751 
 Sir Simon Harcourt, 
 
 ob. aet. 67, 1727 
 Colbert Marquis de Torcy, 
 
 ob. aet 81, 1746 
 William Earl Cowper, 
 
 ob. aet. 53, 1723 
 John Duke of Argyll, 
 
 1678—1743 
 Philip, regent Duke of Or- 
 leans, 1640—1723 
 Cardinal Alberoni, 1664—1762 
 
 Thomas Earl of Macclesfield, 
 
 ob. aet. 65, 1732 
 
 John Law, 1681—1729 
 
 Chancellor D'Aguesseau, 
 
 1668—1751 
 
 Sir Robert Walpole, 
 
 1676—1745 
 Charles Viscount Townshend, 
 ob. aet 64, 1738 
 Pensionary Slingelandt, 
 
 ob. aet 72, 1736 
 Duke de Ripperda, 
 
 1680—1737 
 Cardinal Fleury, 1653—1743 
 
 Don Joseph Patinho, 
 
 ob. aet. 77, 1736 
 John Earl of Stair, 
 
 1673-1741 
 Richard Lord Cobham, 
 
 ob. ast 74, 1749 
 Spencer Earl of Wilmington, 
 
 ob. set. 71, 1743 
 Greffier Francis Fagel, 
 
 ob. est 87, 1746 
 
 Chancellor Zinzendorff, 
 
 ob. aet 70, 1740 
 Count Osterman, 
 
 ob. aet. 70, 1746 
 Lord Chancellor Talbot, 
 
 1684—1737 
 Pulteney Earl of Bath, 
 
 1682—1764 
 John Earl of Granville, 
 
 1690—1763 
 Archibald Duke of Argyll, 
 
 1682—1761 
 Philip Earl of Hardwicke, 
 
 1690—1764 
 Lord President Forbes, 
 
 1685—1747 
 Mareschal Belleisle, 
 
 ob. aet. 78, 1761 
 Arthur Onslow, 
 
 ob. art. 76, 1768 
 
 Frederic Prince of Wales, 
 
 1707—1751 
 
 Thomas Duke of Newcastle, 
 1693—1768 
 
 Archbishoph Herring, 
 
 1691—1757 
 
 Henry Pelham, 1696- 1754 
 
 Mareschal Count Saxe, 
 
 1693—1750 
 William Duke of Cumber- 
 land, 1721—1765 
 Admiral Lord Anson, 
 
 1697—1762 
 Admiral Lord Hawke, 
 
 1716—1781 
 Philip Earl of Chesterfield, 
 
 1694—1773 
 Allen Earl Bathurst, 
 
 1684—1775 
 
 
.D. 1701—1750 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N 55< 
 
 DOGES 
 
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A.D. 1751—1800 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 1 
 
 B 
 
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 a 
 
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 c 
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 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Turkey 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 Russia 
 Poland 
 
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 ICh 
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 6484 
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 15 - 
 
 6494 
 6495 
 6496 
 6497 
 6498 
 6499 
 6500 
 6501 
 6502 
 6503 
 
 1781 
 1782 
 1783 
 1784 
 1785 
 1786 
 1787 
 1788 
 1789 
 1790 
 
 9 — 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Selim IIL 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 1 Leopold 
 II. of 
 
 20 18 
 
 21 19 
 
 22 20 
 
 23 21 
 
 24 22 
 
 25 23 
 
 26 24 
 
 27 25 
 
 28 26 
 
 29 27 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 1 Frederic 
 Wm.II. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 9 23 
 
 10 24 
 
 11 25 
 
 12 26 
 
 13 27 
 
 14 28 
 
 15 29 
 
 16 30 
 
 17 31 
 
 18 32 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 IV. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 Maria 
 Frances- 
 
 11 ca 
 alone 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 16 - 
 
 17 - 
 
 18 - 
 
 19 - 
 
 20 - 
 
 21 - 
 
 22 - 
 
 23 - 
 
 24 - 
 
 25 - 
 
 6504 
 6505 
 6506 
 6507 
 6508 
 6509 
 6510 
 6511 
 6512 
 6513 
 
 1791 
 1792 
 1793 
 1794 
 1795 
 1796 
 1797 
 1798 
 1799 
 1800 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 2 Tuscany 
 
 1 Francis 
 II. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 30 28 
 
 31 29 
 
 32 30 
 
 33 31 
 
 34 g 
 
 1 Paul E- 
 
 ° 
 
 2 — a 
 
 3 1 
 
 4 — * 
 R £• 
 
 O u 
 
 s 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 Frederic 
 Wm.III 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 — Revolu- 
 tionary 
 
 Tribunal 
 
 — Directo- 
 
 ry 
 
 — Consu- 
 
 late 
 
 19 33 
 
 20 34 
 
 21 35 
 
 22 36 
 
 23 37 
 
 lCharles-38 
 Eraman. 
 
 2 IV. 39 
 
 3 40 
 
 4 41 
 
 5 42 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 81 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 26 - 
 
 27 Ql 
 
 VI 
 
 28 - 
 
 29 - 
 
 30 - 
 
 31 - 
 
 32 — 
 
 33 — 
 G4 - 
 35 - 
 
ITORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 56 
 
 IS 
 
 ia 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 reg. 
 
 em 
 1 
 
 12 Benedict 
 
 XIV. 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 XIII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Francis A. Voltaire, 
 
 1694-1778 
 Thomas Gray, 1716—1771 
 
 Dr. John Blair, chronol. 
 
 —1782 
 David Hume, 1711—1776 
 
 Dr. Samuel Johnson, 
 
 1709—1784 
 Bishop Warburton, 1698—1779 
 
 John Home, 1722—1808 
 
 Charles Linna;us, 1707—1778 
 
 Dr. William Robertson, 
 
 1721—1793 
 Abbe l'Epee, 1712—1789 
 
 Death of Frederic Prince of Wales, March 20, set. 44. — Peace between 
 Spain and Portugal. 
 
 The Gregorian or New Style takes place in Great Britain, Sept. 3 being 
 reckoned as Sept. 14. 
 
 Marriage Act passed, June 7. — Bill for registration of births, deaths, &c. 
 thrown out in the lords, ' as being of dangerous tendency.' 
 
 Death of Mr. Pelham, the Premier, Mar. 6. — Duke of Newcastle suc- 
 ceeds. — Mr. Pitt and Mr. Fox united in political frendship. 
 
 General Braddock defeated and killed by the French near Fort-du. 
 Quesne, July 9. — Earthquake at Lisbon, Nov. 1. 
 
 Seven years' war, May 18. — Indecisive action of Admiral Byng,May 20. — 
 Calcutta taken, June 18.— Loss of Minorca, June 29. 
 
 Calcutta retaken,Jan.2. — Admiral Byng shot Mar. 14. — Battle of Plassey, 
 June 23. — Mr.Pitt, premier, July. — Convention of Closter Seven, Sept.8. 
 
 Cape Breton taken by Gen. Amherst, July 26. — Cherbourg pier destroyed, 
 Aug. 8.— Battle of Hochkirchen, Marshal Keith killed, Oct. 14. 
 
 Battle of Minden, defection of Lord George Sackville, Aug. 1. — Battle 
 of Quebec, Gen. Wolfe killed, Sept. 13.— Quebec taken, Sept. 18. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville broke by court martial, Apr. 22.— Surrender of Mon- 
 treal to Gen. Amherst, Sept. 18. — King George II. dies, Oct. 25, at. 75. 
 
 Mareschal James Keith, 
 
 1696—1758 
 
 Henry Count Bruhl, 
 
 1700—1764 
 
 John Duke of Bedford, 
 
 1710—1771 
 
 Admiral Boscawen, 171 1 — 1761 
 
 Marquis de Pombal, 
 
 1699—1780 
 Anne Dss. of Saxe Weimar 
 
 1739—1807 
 Mareschal Count Daun, 
 
 1705—1766 
 General James Wolfe, 
 
 ob. ajt. 33, 1759 
 Henry Lord Holland, 
 
 1705—1774 
 Pr. Ferdinand of Brunswick, 
 
 1721—1797 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 John Smeaton, 1724—1792 
 
 John James Rousseau, 
 
 1712—1778 
 
 Dr. George Campbell, 
 
 1709—1796 
 
 Dr. Thomas Reid, 1710—1796 
 
 Joseph Jerome Lalande, 
 
 1732—1807 
 
 Sir William Blackstnne, 
 
 1723—1780 
 
 Count de Buffon, 1707—1788 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks, 1743— 182C 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 
 1723—1792 
 Oliver Goldsmith, 1728—1774 
 
 Mr. Legge resigns the Exchequer, Mar. 22. — Lord Bute secretary of 
 
 state, Mar. 25. — Mr. Pitt r. signs as foreign secretary, Oct. 5. 
 War with Spain, Jan. 18. — Peace between the northern powers, Apr. 7. — 
 
 Lord Bute premier, May 29. — Peace of Fontainbleau, Nov. 3. 
 Lord Bute resigns, Apr. 8. — Lord-chief-justice Pratt decides against 
 
 general warrants, May 6. — Duke of Bedford minister, Sept. 9. 
 Taxation of America proposed in parliament, March. — Order of the 
 
 Jesuits abolished in France, Dec. 
 American Stamp Act, Mar. 22.— Lord Clive governor of Bengal, May 3. 
 
 Rockingham ministry, July. — Death of the Pretender, Dec. 30. 
 American Stamp Act repealed, Mar. 18. — Count Lally beheaded at Paris, 
 
 May 8. — Chatham ministry, Aug. 2. 
 Lord North Chancellor of the Exchequer, Dec. 1. — Prayers for the 
 
 royal family in the catholic chapels for the first time since 1688. 
 Affair of Wilkes, Mar.— June, great excitement in consequence.— Lord 
 
 Chatham resigns, Oct 15. — Tumults at Boston in America. 
 John Wilkes expelled the House of Commons, Feb. 2 — and re-elected a 
 
 fourth time, Apr. 13. — His election declared void, April 16. 
 Lord North premier, Jan. 28. — Lord Mayor Beckford rejoins to the king's 
 
 reply to an address from the city of London, May 23. 
 
 Charles Townshend, 
 
 1725—1767 
 John Earl of Bute, 1713—1792 
 
 Lord Chief Justice Camden, 
 
 1714—1794 
 George Grenville, 1712—1770 
 
 Charles M. of Rockingham, 
 
 1730—1782 
 William Earl of Chatham, 
 
 1708—1778 
 Edward Duke of York, 
 
 1739—1767 
 Augustus Duke of Grafton, 
 
 1735—1811 
 George Viscount Townshend, 
 
 1724—1807 
 Frederick Lord North, 
 
 1733—1792 
 
 — 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 Clement 
 
 XIV. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 h 
 l 
 eg- 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 1 Pius VI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Robert Orme, 1728—1801 
 
 Henry Cavendish, 1731—1810 
 
 James Watt, 1736—1819 
 
 John Howard, 1727—1790 
 
 Adam Smith, 1723—1790 
 
 Edward Gibbon, 1737—1794 
 
 Bishop Lowth, 1710—1787 
 
 Vittorio Alfieri, 1749—1803 
 
 Sir William Herschell, 
 
 1738—1822 
 Sir William Jones, 1746—1794 
 
 Parliamentary reports in the newspapers finally established after some 
 
 ineffectual opposition by the House of Commons, May 8. 
 Revolution in Denmark, Jan. 17. — Counts Brandt and htruenzee beh. — 
 
 Revolution in Sweden, Aug. 1. — First partition of Poland, Aug. 5. 
 Constitution of the East India Company revised by two acts, June. — 
 
 Commotion at Boston, three cargoes of tea destroyed, Dec. 18. 
 Dr. Franklin's petition to the privy council rejected, Jan. 29.— Gen. 
 
 Gage dispatched to Boston, Apr. — First American Congress, Sept. 5. 
 Hostilities commence at Lexington, Apr. 19. — Battle of Bunker's Hill, 
 
 June 17. — Montreal taken by Montgomery, Nov. 12. 
 Gen. Howe compelled to evacuate Boston, Mar. 17. — Declaration of 
 
 Independence, July 4. — The king's troops enter New York, Sept. 15. 
 Lord Cornwallis enters Philadelphia, the Congress remove to Lancaster, 
 
 Sept. 26. — General Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga, Oct. 17. 
 France in alliance with America, Feb. 6. — Ld. Chatham's last address 
 
 to the lords,Apr.7 — hedies,May 11. — Philadelphia evacuated, June 18. 
 Admiral Keppel acquitted by court martial, Feb. 1 1 . — Alarm of invasion, 
 
 Aug. — Siege of Gibraltar. — Irish trade opened, Dec. 13. 
 Rodney defeats Langara, Jan. 16. and relieves Gibraltar. — Riots in Lon- 
 don, June 2.— Gen. Gates defeated by Lord Cornwallis, Aug. 15. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton, 1724—1808 
 Capt. James Cook, 1728—1779 
 Robert Lord Clive, 1725—1774 
 
 Count de Vergennes, 
 
 1717—1787 
 General Lord Heath field, 
 
 1718—1790 
 General Lord Amherst, 
 
 1717—1797 
 Robert Jacques Turgot, 
 
 1727- 1781 
 Benjamin Franklin, 
 
 1706—1790 
 Admiral Lord Keppel, 
 
 1725—1786 
 William Earl of Mansfield, 
 
 1705—1793 
 
 [oo- 
 
 7 
 
 Dr. Charles Hutton, 
 
 1737—1823 
 John HorneTooke, 1736—1812 
 
 Bishop Horsley, 1733—1806 
 
 Sarah Siddons, st- 75—1831 
 
 William Cowper, 1731—1800 
 
 Robert Burns, 1759—1796 
 
 Johann Mozart, 1756—1792 
 
 Abbe Barthelemy, 1716—1795 
 
 Anthony Lavoisier, 1743—1794 
 
 Richard Porson, 1759—1808 
 
 Major Pierson killed at St. Helier, Jan. 6. — Lord Cornwallis surrenders 
 
 York Town, with his army, to General Washington, Oct. 19. 
 Buckingham ministry, Mar. 19.— Rodney defeats de Grasse, Apr. 12. — 
 
 Shelburne ministry, July 1. — United States acknowledged, Dec. 5. 
 Coalition ministry, Apr. 1. — Peace of Versailles, Sept. 3. — Mr. Fox's 
 
 India bill fails, Nov. 18.— Mr. Pitt premier, Dec. 22. 
 Great political excitement in Dublin, June 7. — The forfeited estates at 
 
 the rebellion of 1745 restored.— Mr. Pitt's India bill, Aug. 13. 
 Mr. Pitt's motion, the third, but the first in office, for Reform.— Mr. 
 
 Adams, the first American ambassador, received at St. James's, June 1. 
 The Sinking Fund adopted, Mar. 29.— Articles of impeachment exhibited 
 
 against Warren Hastings by Edmund Burke. 
 Droit d'Aubaine abolished in France as regarded Great Britain, Jan. 
 
 First assembly of the Notables at Versailles, Feb. 22. 
 Abolition of the slave-trade first debated. May 9 — Second assembly of 
 
 the Notables, Oct. 5.— Severe illness of King George III. Nov. 19. 
 Regency question, Feb. 3. — Theking recovers, Feb.19. — The Revolution 
 
 Society of 1688 send congratulations to the National Assembly, Nov. 5. 
 Mr. Burke in parliament described France as politically expunged from 
 
 the system of Europe, Feb. 9. — Affair of Nootka Sound, May 6. 
 
 Edmund Burke, 1730—1797 
 
 Admiral Lord Rodney, 
 
 1717—1792 
 Charles James Fox, 1748—1806 
 
 William Pitt, 1759—1806 
 
 Edward Lord Thurlow, 
 
 1732—1806 
 
 Thomas Lord Erskine, 
 
 1748—1823 
 
 Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 
 
 17.il — 1816 
 
 Warren Hastings, 1732—1818 
 
 Charles Earl of Liverpool, 
 
 1727—1808 
 
 William Lord Grenville, 
 
 1759—1834 
 
 r 
 i 
 
 eg. 
 
 Ali 
 
 i 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 Ha- 
 ul 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 . 
 
 21 
 
 Dr. Samuel Parr, 1747—1825 
 
 Frederic Schiller, 1759—1805 
 
 Sir Thomas Lawrence, 
 
 1769—1830 
 Dr. William Paley, 1743—1805 
 
 William Roscoe, 1753—1831 
 
 Dr. Edward Jenner, 
 
 1749—1823 
 Charles Butler, 1750—1832 
 
 Francis Joseph Haydn, 
 
 1732—1809 
 Murgo Park 1771—1805 
 
 Major John Rennell, 
 
 1740-1830 
 
 Mr. Burke disowns in the House of Commons his friendship with 
 
 Mr. Fox, May 6.— Canada bill, Mar.14.— Riots at Birmingham, July 14. 
 Mr. Fox's libel bill, Apr. 30.— Lord Thurlow resigns the great seal, 
 
 June 15. — Parliament prorogued to Jan. 3, but it met on Dec. 13. 
 M. Chauvelin ordered to leave England, Jan. 24. — War with France, 
 
 Feb. 11.— Mr. Grey's first motion for Reform, May 6. 
 Habeas Corpus Act suspended, May 23.— Lord Howe's victory in the Bay 
 
 of Biscay, June 1. — State trials for constructive treason, Oft. 29. 
 Earl Fitzwilliam recalled from Ireland, Feb. 21. — Warren Hastings ac- 
 quitted, Apr. 23. — Lord Bridport's victory off L'Orient, June 22. 
 SirS. Smith taken prisoner off the coast, Apr. 19. — Elba taken by Nelson, 
 
 Aug. 9. — LdMalmsbury ambassador to Paris, Oct. 22, returns Dec. 29. 
 Sir John Jervis' victory offSt. Vincent, Feb. 14. — Restriction on payments 
 
 in specie at the Bank, Feb. 26.— Lord Duncan's victory, Oct. 11. 
 The Irish Directory arrested, Mar. 12. — Mr. Fox dismissed the Privy 
 
 Council, May 20.— Battle of the Nile, Aug. 1. 
 Seringapatam taken by storm, May 5. — Expedition to Holland, Aug. 26. 
 
 Rome surrendered to Commodore Trowbridge, Sept. 29. 
 Correspondence with Tallyrand closed by Lord Grenville, Jan. 20. — 
 
 The Queen Charlotte, 120 guns, blown up near Leghorn, Mar. 27. 
 
 Henry Viscount Melville, 
 
 1740—1811 
 William Windham, 
 
 1750—1810 
 William Wilberforce, 
 
 ob. set. 73, 1832 
 Admiral Earl Howe, 
 
 1725—1799 
 Sir Ralph Abercromb), 
 
 1738—1801 
 Admiral Earl St. Vincent, 
 
 1734—1823 
 Admiral Lord Duncan, 
 
 1731—1804 
 Admiral Lord Nelson, 
 
 1758—1805 
 Charles Marquis Cornwallis, 
 
 17:i8— 1*05 
 Robert Viscount Castlereagh, 
 
 1769—1824 
 
 i 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 lPiusVIL 
 
 D 
 
.D. 1751—1800 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N°56* 
 
 Doges of „ 
 
 11 Pietro Grimani 
 1 
 
 Gr. Dukes 
 
 of 
 Tuscany 
 
 10 
 
 1 Marco Foscarini 
 
 1 Alvise Mocenigo 
 II. 
 
 Warren 1 
 Hastings 
 
 — — 2 
 
 1 Paolo Reinier 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 
 1 Luigi Manin 
 
 2 
 
 Marquis 1 
 Cornwal- 
 lis 2 
 
 Sir J. Shore 1 
 2 
 
 Marquis 1 
 Welles- 
 ley 2 
 
 15 Francis 
 
 II. of 
 
 16 Lorraine 
 
 1 Peter- 
 Leopold 
 
 2 of 
 Austria 
 
 3 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Modena 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 IIL 
 
 15 Francis 
 
 III. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Hercules 
 
 —Expelled 
 
 Incorporated 
 with the 
 Cisalpine 
 Republic 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Parma 
 
 3 Don Philip 
 
 4 
 
 5 . 
 
 1 Don Ferdi- 
 nand 
 
 3 Govnrs. e 
 
 I * 
 
 £ Stadts. £> 
 
 7 Pr.Charles 
 William 1 
 
 8 V. of 2 
 Orange 
 3 
 
 Electors 
 
 of 
 Hanover 
 
 25 George. 
 Augustus 
 
 26 L 
 
 1 Mary- 31 
 Christina 
 
 2 of 32 
 Austria 
 
 S and 33 
 Albert 
 
 4 of 34 
 Saxony 
 
 5 35 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 1 Arch- 43 
 duke 
 
 2 Charles 44 
 
 — Belgium — 
 
 and Holland 
 
 united to 
 
 France 
 
 1 George- 
 William 
 
 II. 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 
 Wurtembg. 
 
 15 Charles- 
 Eugene 
 
 16 
 
 1 Louis- 
 Eugene 
 
 2 
 
 1 Frederic- 
 Eugene 
 
 2 
 
 1 Frederic 
 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 Electors 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 7 Maximilian 
 Joseph I. 
 
 1 Charles- 
 Theodore 
 2 
 
 1 Maximilian 
 
 Joseph II. 
 
 2 
 
 Electors 
 Palatine 
 
 9 Charles- 
 Theodore 
 10 
 
 Electors o 
 
 $ Dukes >3 
 
 19Fre.Aug. I. 
 Stanis- 15 
 laus 16 
 
 lFred.Ch.27 
 1 Frederic- 
 2Aug.III.S 
 
 -Succeeds to 
 Bavaria 
 
 27 George 
 
 Wash- 
 
 28 ington 
 
 John 1 
 
 Adams 
 
 2 
 
A.D. 1801—1843 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 T3 
 
 O 
 
 'C 
 
 -J 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 B 
 < 
 
 6514 
 
 1801 
 
 6515 
 
 1802 
 
 6516 
 
 1803 
 
 6517 
 
 1804 
 
 6518 
 
 1805 
 
 6519 
 
 1806 
 
 6520 
 
 1807 
 
 6521 
 
 1808 
 
 6522 
 
 1809 
 
 6523 
 
 1810 
 
 6524 
 
 1811 
 
 6525 
 
 1812 
 
 6526 
 
 1813 
 
 6527 
 
 1814 
 
 6528 
 
 1815 
 
 6529 
 
 1816 
 
 6530 
 
 1817 
 
 6531 
 
 1818 
 
 6532 
 
 1819 
 
 6533 
 
 1820 
 
 6534 
 
 1821 
 
 6535 
 
 1822 
 
 6536 
 
 1823 
 
 6537 
 
 1824 
 
 6538 
 
 1825 
 
 6539 
 
 1826 
 
 6540 
 
 1827 
 
 6541 
 
 1828 
 
 6542 
 
 1829 
 
 654S 
 
 1830 
 
 6544 
 
 1831 
 
 6445 
 
 1832 
 
 6546 
 
 1833 
 
 6547 
 
 1834 
 
 6548 
 
 1835 
 
 6549 
 
 1836 
 
 6550 
 
 1837 
 
 6551 
 
 1838 
 
 6552 
 
 1839 
 
 6553 
 
 1840 
 
 6554 
 
 1841 
 
 6555 
 
 1842 
 
 6556 
 
 1843 
 
 6557 
 
 1844 
 
 6558 
 
 1845 
 
 6559 
 
 1846 
 
 6560 
 
 1847 
 
 6561 
 
 1848 
 
 6562 
 
 1849 
 
 6563 
 
 1850 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 
 Turkey 
 
 14 Selim II. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Mustafa 
 
 IV. 
 1 Mahmood 
 
 II. 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 - 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 SI 
 
 1 Abdul- 
 Medjid 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Emperors 
 
 of 
 Germany 
 
 10 Francis 
 
 IL 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 Emperor 
 
 of 
 
 14 Austria 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 1 Ferdin- 
 and 
 
 Emperors 
 of 
 
 Russia 
 
 1 Alexan. 
 der 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 1 Nicholas 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Prussia 
 
 5 Frederic 
 Wm.HL 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 1 Frederic 
 Wm.IV. 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 France 
 
 — Consu- 
 late 
 
 1 Napoleon 
 Emperor 
 
 2 and 
 King of 
 
 3 Italy 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 ce Kings 
 1 ° f i 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 Louis 
 XVIIL 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 Charles 
 
 X. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1 Louis- 
 Philipe 
 
 6 Chas. III. 
 Ferd.1.43 
 
 1 Victor 44 
 Em. IV. 
 
 2 45 
 
 3 46 
 
 g 47 
 
 a 
 
 w Joseph- 1 
 b. Napo- 
 g- leon 2 
 
 3" Joachiml 
 1 Murat 
 E 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Spain 
 
 4 
 
 ST 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Victor- 7 
 Em. rest. 
 
 2 Ferdin-1 
 
 and IV. 
 
 3 rest. 2 
 
 1 Charles- 7 
 
 Felix 
 
 2 8 
 
 6 Francis 1 
 
 I. 
 
 7 2 
 
 10 Ferdin-1 
 andlL 
 
 1 Charles- 2 
 
 Albert 
 
 2 3 
 
 14 Charles 
 
 IV. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 90 
 
 Uoseph 
 
 Napoleon 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Portugal 
 
 1 Ferdin 
 audVIL 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 Isabella 
 
 IL 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 25 Maria 
 Frances- 
 
 26 ca 
 
 27 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 1 John VI 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 fi 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 IPedroIV. 
 
 1 Maria da 
 
 2 Gloria 
 
 1 Miguel 
 
 4 
 
 1 Maria 
 
 rest. 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Gt. Britain 
 
 42 George 
 
 HI. 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 1 George 
 IV. 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 William 
 IV. 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 1 Victoria 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 57 
 
 lahs 
 
 of 
 
 Ml 
 
 POPES 
 
 LEARNING 
 
 AND 
 
 GENIUS 
 
 MODERN HISTORY 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 WARRIORS 
 
 teh Ali 
 han 
 
 2 Pius VII. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 Antonio Canova, 1757—1822 
 
 William Gifford, 1756—1826 
 
 Henry Kirke White, 
 
 1785—1806 
 Madame de Stael, 1766—1817 
 
 Dr. William Vincent, 
 
 1739—1815 
 Jeremy Bentham, 1749—1832 
 
 Dr. Thomas Young, 1773—1829 
 
 Dr. Edward D. Clarke, 
 
 1767—1821 
 Dugald Stewart, 1753—1828 
 
 William Cobbett, 1762—1835 
 
 Union with Ireland, Jan. 1. — Addington ministry, Mar. 17. — Battle of 
 
 Alexandria, Mar. 21. — Battle of Copenhagen by Lord Nelson, Apr. 2. 
 Peace of Amiens, Mar. 27. — The Income tax abandoned, Apr. 5. — Osna- 
 
 burg united to Hanover, Oct. 21. — CoL Despard's conspiracy, Nov. 16. 
 Peltier, the journalist, found guilty of libel upon Bonaparte, Feb. 21. — 
 
 Ld. Kil warden assass., July 23. — Battle of Assay e, E. Indies, Sept. 23. 
 Mr. Pitt's motion of censure on the naval administration, Apr. 16. — Mr. 
 
 Pitt premier, May 12. — Droit d' Aubaine against England re-enacted. 
 Lord Melville charged by Mr. Whitbread, Apr. 6. — Catholic qaestion 
 
 moved by Mr. Fox. — Victory of Trafalgar and death of Nelson, Oct. 21. 
 Death of Mr. Pitt, ast. 46, Jan 23. — Lord Grenville premier, Mr. Fox 
 
 foreign secretary, Feb. 5. — Death of Mr. Fox, aet. 58, Sept. 13. 
 Portland ministry, Mr. Perceval chancellor of the exchequer, Mar. 25. — 
 
 Bombardment of Copenhagen, Sept. 2. — Orders in Council, Jan. 7. 
 Five ships at Cadiz surrender to Lord Collingwood, June 14, the Russian 
 
 fleet in the Tagus to Sir C. Cotton, Sept. 3. — Peace with Spain, July 4. 
 Charges against the Duke of York, Jan. 27. — Expedition to Walcheren, 
 
 July 28.— Death of the Duke of Portland.— Perceval ministry, Oct. 30. 
 Riots in London pending the arrest of Sir Francis Burdett, Apr.6.— Lucien 
 
 Bonaparte lands at Plymouth, Dec. 18. — The King's last illness, Dec. 20 
 
 General Lord Hutchinson, 
 
 1757—1832 
 
 Charles Earl Whitworth, 
 
 1754—1825 
 
 Samuel Whitbread, 1758—1815 
 
 Prince Talleyrand, 1754—1836 
 
 Admiral Lord Collingwood, 
 1748—1810 
 
 Sir Samuel Romilly, 
 
 1757—1818 
 
 Spencer Perceval, 1762-1812 
 
 General Sir John Moore, 
 
 1761—1809 
 
 Sir James Mackintosh, 
 
 1765—1832 
 
 Sir John Malcolm, 1769—1833 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 — Dethroned 
 
 
 
 
 
 George Lord Byron, 
 
 1788—1824 
 Sir Humphrey Davy, 
 
 1779—1829 
 Sir Walter Scott, 1771—1832 
 
 Bishop Middleton, 1769—1822 
 
 Marquis La Place, 1749—1827 
 
 B. G. Niehbuhr, 1775—1831 
 
 Carl von Weber, 1786—1826 
 
 John Rennie, 1760—1821 
 
 William H. Wollaston, 
 
 1766—1828 
 Adam Clarke, 1760—1832 
 
 The Catholic committee of Dublin dispersed by the magistracy, Mar. 3. — 
 
 The Duke of York replaced as commander-in-chiel, May 25. 
 Restrictions on the regency terminated, Feb. 1. — Mr. Perceval assassi- 
 nated, May 11. — Lord Liverpool premier, June 9. 
 Catholic question lost in the Commons by the Speaker's vote, Apr. 25. — 
 
 The Sinking Fund first applied to the Supplies, *Mar. 3. 
 Louis XVIII. embarks for Calais, Apr. 24. — The allied sovereigns in 
 
 London, June 8. — Peace of Ghent, Great Britain, and America, Dec.24. 
 Belgium united to Holland, Feb. 23. — New German confederation, June 8. 
 
 Battle of Waterloo, June 18. — Second peace of Paris, Nov. 20. 
 Property tax repealed, Mar. 19. — Marriage of the Pss. Charlotte to Prince 
 
 Leopold, May 2. — Algiers bombarded by Sir E. Pellew, Aug. 27. 
 Habeas Corpus act suspended, Mar. 4. — Death of the Pss. Charlotte, 
 
 Nov. 6. — William Hone acquitted on three trials for libel, Dec. 18. 
 Habeas Corpus act restored, Jan. 28. — Bernadotte succeeds to the throne 
 
 of Sweden, Feb. 14. — Congress of sovereigns at Aix-la-Chapelle, Feb. 14. 
 Fatal meeting for Reform at St. Peter's field, Manchester, Aug. 16.— Six 
 
 acts passed, Dec. — Droit d' Aubaine finally abolished in France, July 14. 
 Death of K. George III. set. 81, Jan. 29.— Duke de Berry assass.— Feb. 1. 
 
 Cato-street conspiracy, Feb. 23. — Q. Caroline's trial aband., Nov. 10. 
 
 Francis Marquis of Hastings, 
 
 1754—1826 
 Robert Earl of Liverpool, 
 
 1770—1828 
 Thomas Lord Lynedoch, 
 
 1750—1843 
 General Sir Thomas Picton, 
 
 —1815 
 Duke of Wellington, 
 
 1769— 
 General Lord Hill, 1772—1842 
 
 Charles Lord Colchester, 
 
 1757—1829 
 Edward Duke of Kent, 
 
 1767—1820 
 Charles Lord Tenterden, 
 
 1762—1832 
 Frederick Duke of York, 
 
 1763—1827 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 Restored 
 16 
 
 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 1 Leo XII. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 Pius VIII. 
 
 2 
 
 J. C. L. Sismondi, 1773—1842 
 
 Robert Southey, 1774—1843 
 
 Sir Astley Cooper, 1768—1841 
 
 Sir Francis Chantrey, 
 
 1781—1841 
 Bishop Burgess, 1756—1837 
 
 Samuel Wesley, 1766—1837 
 
 Sir David Wilkie, 1785—1841 
 
 Abraham Raimbach, 
 
 1777—1842 
 Dr. Thomas Arnold, 
 
 1795—1842 
 Frederic Baron Cuvier, 
 
 1773—1838 
 
 Commencement of the Greek Insurrection. — Death of Napoleon Bona- 
 parte at St. Helena, May 5.— Death of Queen Caroline, Aug. 7. 
 Revolution in Brazil, Oct. 12. — The Insurrection of the Greeks deemed 
 
 a rebellion by the Congress of Sovereigns at Verona, Dec. 14. 
 Russia, Austria, and Prussia recal their ambassadors from Madrid, 
 
 Jan. 5. — Cadiz surrendered to the French, Oct. 3. 
 Revolt of Mehemet Ali, Mar. 2. — Death of Lord Byron at Missolonghi, 
 
 Apr. 19. — Liberty of the Press established in France, Sept. 29. 
 National prosperity the leading topic of the royal speech, Feb. 3. — The 
 
 last contract for lotteries, Feb. 28. — Commercial panic, Dec. 8. 
 Don Pedro abdicates the throne of Portugal, May 2. — Extinction of the 
 
 Janissaries at Constantinople by Sultan Mahmood, June 15. 
 Sudden paralysis of Lord Liverpool, Feb. 17. — Mr. Canning premier, 
 
 Apr. 30. — His death, Aug. 8. — Lord Goderich minister, Aug. 17. 
 The Wellington ministry, Jan. 25.— Don Miguel usurps the throne of 
 
 Portugal, June 26. — Liberation of Greece, Nov. 
 Catholic Emancipation, Apr. 13. — Peace between Russia and Turkey, 
 
 Sept. 14. — Metropolitan Police commenced, Sept. 29. 
 Death of K. George IV. ast. 68, June 26.— Revolution in France, June 29— 
 
 in Belgium, Aug. 25— and in Poland, Nov. 29. — Earl Grey premier. 
 
 Richard Marquis Wellesley, 
 
 1760—1842 
 George Canning, 1770—1827 
 
 Simon Bolivar, ob. aet. 48, 1830 
 
 William Lord Stowell, 
 
 1745—1836 
 Admiral Lord Exmouth, 
 
 1757—1833 
 Henry Lord Holland, 
 
 1773—1840 
 Admiral Lord Saumarez, 
 
 1757—1836 
 John Earl of Eldon, 1751—1838 
 
 Count Pozzo di Borgo, 
 
 1768—1842 
 Marquis Lafayette, 
 
 ob. aet. 76, 1834 
 
 
 
 1 Gregory 
 XVI. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 Introduction of the Reform Bill, Mar. 1.— Prince Leopold elected King 
 
 of Belgium, June 4. — Devastating riots at Bristol, Oct. 29. 
 Reform Bill passed, June 4. — Battle of Konieh gained by Ibrahim Pacha, 
 
 Dec. 21. — Opium interdicted by authority in China, Feb. 9. 
 Don Miguel's fleet, five ships, captured by Admiral Napier, July 2. — 
 
 Donna Maria proclaimed Queen at Lisbon, July 23. 
 DonMiguel expelled Portugal,May 26. — Ld. Melbourne premier, July 17. 
 
 Death of Don Pedro, Sept. 24.— Sir Robert Peel premier, Dec. 10. 
 The Melbourne cabinet restored, Apr. 18.— Assassinations at Paris by 
 
 Fieschi, July 28. — Desolating fire at New York, Dec. 15. 
 The independence of Cracow invaded by Russia and Austria, Feb. — 
 
 English Church Reform Bill and New Marriage Act, Aug. 20. 
 New Poor Law moved, Feb. 13.— Death of K. William IV. aet. 71 , June 30. 
 
 Espartero premier in Spain, Aug. 14. — Rebellion in Canada, Dec. 14. 
 Siege of Herat by Dost Mahomed and the Persians, June — raised by 
 
 Shah Mahomed, Sept. 9. — British forces collect at Kernaul, Oct. 31. 
 Ghuznee taken by Sir John Keane, July 23. — Shah Soojah restored to 
 
 Cabul, Aug. 7. — War with China commenced, Aug. 31. 
 Marriage of Q.Victoria, Feb. 10.— Public protest by Ld. Ebrington against 
 
 repeal agitation.Oct. 3. — Dost Mahomed defeated in Affghanistan, Sept. 
 
 
 lomed 
 
 Men of eminence are still liv- 
 ing, whose names will, in 
 the course of events, be re- 
 corded in these latter years. 
 But it must be especially 
 borne in mind that these 
 names are placed by Dr. 
 Blair, as also by chronolo- 
 gers generally, not at the 
 
 * * their connection with the 
 world as public men, or as 
 literary or scientific charac- 
 ters. One great living name 
 is inscribed, whose glorious 
 year must otherwise remain, 
 for long, Englishman would 
 hope, unoccupied. This ar- 
 rangement will, in conse- 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 date of their deaths, but, as 
 nearly as circumstances will 
 allow, at the time of * * 
 
 Sir R. Peel premier, Sept. 7. — Insurrection at Madrid, Oct.— Rising at Ca- 
 bul, murder of Sir A. Bumes, Nov. 2, and of Sir W. Macnaghten,Dec.25. 
 
 Massacre of the British army at Khoord Cabul pass, Jan. 6—13. — Cabul 
 reduced by gen. Pollock and Nott.Oct. 12.— Treaty of Nankin, Aug.29. 
 
 Ameers of Scinde defeated by Sir C. Napier, Feb. 17. — Narvaez in power 
 at Madrid, July 23.— Repeal meetings in Ireland interdicted, Oct. 7. 
 
 quence, leave a few years 
 of each edition of the vo- 
 lume open at the close. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N°58 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 ANNOS 
 
 THE HOUSE OF SAXONY IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
 
 DOMINI 
 
 
 CROWN OF GREAT BRITAIN 
 
 
 XVth 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 Century 
 
 
 1428 FREDERIC II. THE GOOD — ELECTOR OF SAXONY, ob. 1464, 
 
 leaving issue two sons 
 
 Table 49» 
 
 
 
 THE ERNESTINE, 
 or elder line 
 
 
 THE ALBER 
 or younger 
 
 
 
 
 1464 Ernest, eldest son, 
 
 
 1464 Albert th 
 
 
 Elector 
 
 
 geous, sei 
 of Fred< 
 Good 
 
 
 1486 Frederic III. the 
 
 
 
 
 Wise, son, — 
 
 
 
 XVI th 
 
 Elector 
 
 
 1500 George tl 
 son 
 
 
 
 
 Century 
 
 1525 John the Constant, 
 brother, Elector 
 
 
 
 
 1532 John Frederic, 
 
 
 1539 Henry th 
 
 
 son, Elector — 
 
 = John Frederic is deposed by the Emperor Charles V. and the Electorate transferred to the 
 
 brother, ( 
 
 
 DUCAL HOUSE OF 
 
 younger line in the person of Maurice, son of Henry the Pious = 
 
 1547 Maurice, 
 
 
 8AXE-WEIMAR 
 
 
 ELECTO 
 
 
 1554 John William, 
 
 
 1553 Augustus 
 
 
 son 
 
 
 ous, brot 
 continues 
 ectoral lii 
 
 
 1573 John, son J 
 
 SAXE-GOTHA- 
 
 ALTENBURG— DUCAL LINES FROM SAXE-GOTHA — 
 
 1586 Christian 
 1591 Christian 
 
 XVII th 
 
 1605 John Ernest I. 
 
 1605 Ernest I. the Eious, 
 
 
 
 Century 
 
 son 
 
 7th son of John J 
 
 *** On the extinction of the line of Saxe-Gotha in 1825 
 
 
 
 
 of Saxe- Weimar 
 
 a new arrangement, or political division, took place between 
 the princes of Saxony. By the convention of Nov. 12, 1826, 
 
 1611 John Geo 
 brother 
 
 
 1626 William, brother, 
 
 
 Hilburghausen and Saalfeld were transferred to the house 
 of Meiningen, and the rights of the late Duke of Saxe-Gotha 
 Altenburg were assigned to the two conceding powers. 
 
 
 DUKES OF SAXE- 
 
 S. HTLBURGHAUSEN 
 
 S. SAALFELD COBURG 
 
 1656 John Geo 
 
 
 
 
 MEININ6EN 
 
 NOW 
 
 NOW 
 
 son 
 
 
 1662 John Ernest II. 
 
 
 
 SAXE-ALTENBURG 
 
 S. COBURG GOTHA 
 
 
 
 son 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1675 Frederic I. son 
 
 1675 Bernard, 3rd son 
 
 1675 Ernest, 6th son of 
 
 1675 John Ernest 7th 
 
 1680 Jonn weo 
 
 
 
 
 of Ernest I. of Go. 
 
 Ernest I. of Gotha 
 
 son of Ernest I. 
 
 son 
 
 
 1683 William Iffnest, 
 
 
 tha 
 
 
 of Gotha 
 
 
 
 son, 
 
 1691 Frederic II. son 
 
 
 
 
 1691 John Geo 
 1694 Frederic / 
 
 XVIII th 
 
 
 
 1706 Ernest Louis I. son 
 
 
 
 brother 
 
 Century 
 
 
 
 [son 
 1724 Ernest Louis II. 
 
 1715 Ernest Frederic I. 
 son 
 
 
 
 
 1728 Ernest Augustus, 
 
 
 1724 Ernest Frederic II. 
 
 1729 Christian Ernest, 
 
 
 
 nephew 
 
 1732 Frederic III. son 
 
 1729 Charles Frederic, 
 brother 
 
 son 
 
 son 
 
 1733 Frederic A 
 
 
 1748 Ernest Augustus 
 
 
 1743 Antony Ulric, un- 
 
 1745 Ernest Frederic 
 
 1745 Francis Joseph, 
 
 son 
 
 
 Constantine, son 
 
 
 cle 
 
 Charles, son 
 
 brother 
 
 
 
 1758 Charles Augustus, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1772 Ernest Louis, son 
 
 1763 Augustus Frede- 
 ric, son 
 
 1782 George Frederic, 
 brother 
 
 1780 Frederic, son 
 
 1764 Ernest Frederic, 
 son 
 
 1800 Francis Frederic, 
 son 
 
 1763 Frederic CI 
 
 1763 Frederic A 
 
 son 
 
 XIX th 
 
 
 1804 Emilius Aug. son 
 
 1803 Bernard Eric, son, 
 
 
 1806 Ernest Anthony, 
 
 1807 takes the re 
 
 Century 
 
 1815 takes the grand 
 ducal title 
 
 issue — 
 
 Louisa married 
 Ernest Duke of 
 Saxe-Coburg 
 
 his sister — 
 Adelaide, Queen 
 dow. of G. Britain 
 
 
 son 
 
 
 
 1828 Charles Frederic, 
 
 1822 Frederic IV. 
 
 1826 Bernard succeeds 
 
 1826 Frederic succeeds 
 
 1826 — succ. to S. Gotha 
 
 1827 Anthony C 
 
 
 son 
 
 brother, ob. 1825 
 
 to Hilburghausen, 
 
 to S. Altenburg 
 
 1844 Ernest August, son 
 
 brother 
 
 
 
 
 Saalfeld, &c. 
 
 1834 Joseph George, son 
 
 brother — 
 Albert, mar. to 
 VICTORIA Q. 
 of Gt. Britain 
 uncles — 
 Ferdinand, fa- 
 ther of Ferdi- 
 nand mar. to 
 Q. of Portugal 
 Leopold King of 
 Belgium 
 aunt — Victoria 
 Dss. of Kent 
 
 1836 Frederic A 
 nephew 
 
 KING OF S 
 
STORICAL TABLES 
 
 N°57* 
 
 S Presidents 
 
 p Govs.- Gen. *S 
 
 1 Thos. Jefferson 
 
 Marquis Wei- 4 
 
 2 lesley 5 
 
 5 Mar. Corn wall is 1 
 
 Sir G. Barlow 1 
 
 6 administ. 2 
 
 7 Lord Minto 1 
 
 8 2 
 
 1 James 3 
 
 Madison 
 
 2 4 
 
 Marquis of 1 
 Hastings 
 
 1 James 
 Monroe 
 
 7 Ld. Amherst 1 
 
 8 2 
 
 1 John Quincy 3 
 
 Adams 
 
 2 4 
 
 3 5 
 
 4 Lord Wm. 1 
 
 Bentinclc 
 1 Andrew 2 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Hanover 
 
 3 4 
 
 4 5 
 
 5 6 
 
 6 ■ 7 
 
 7 8 
 
 8 Lord 1 
 
 Auckland 
 
 1 Martin Van 2 
 
 Buren 
 
 2 3 
 
 1 W. H. Harrison 6 
 
 1 John Tyler 
 
 2 Lord 1 
 Ellenborough 
 
 3 2 
 
 ■ George- 42 
 William 
 
 IL 43 
 Elector 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 1 George- 55 
 William 
 
 2 II. 56 
 King 
 
 3 57 
 
 4 58 
 
 5 59 
 
 6 60 
 
 1 George- 
 Aug. II. 
 
 1 William 
 Henry 
 
 1 Ernest- 
 Augustus 
 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 
 Wurtemburg 
 
 • Frederic 5 
 IL 
 Duke 6 
 
 1 Frederic 10 
 
 IL 
 
 2 King 11 
 
 6 15 
 
 7 16 
 
 8 17 
 
 9 18 
 
 10 19 
 
 1 William 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Bavaria 
 
 — Maximi- 3 
 lian 
 Joseph 4 
 
 II. 
 Elector 5 
 
 1 Maximi- 7 
 
 Han 
 
 2 Joseph 8 
 
 II. 
 
 3 King 9 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 Louis- 
 Charles 
 
 2 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Saxony 
 
 - Frederic 39 
 Augustus 
 III. 40 
 Elector 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 1 Frederic 45 
 Augustus 
 
 2 III. 46 
 King 
 
 3 47 
 
 U 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 is 
 19 
 20 
 
 1 Antony- 
 Clement 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 Frederic- 
 Augustus 
 
 2 IV. 
 
 Holland, 
 
 Netherlands, 
 
 Belgium 
 
 1 Louis- 
 Napoleon 
 
 2 King of 
 Holland 
 
 3 
 
 — United to 
 France 
 
 — House of 
 Orange 
 restored 
 
 1 William 
 I. King 
 
 2 of the 
 Nether- 
 
 3 lands 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 — Interreg. 
 
 1 Leopold 
 of Saxe- 
 
 2 Gotha 
 King of 
 
 3 Belgium 
 
 Kings 
 
 of 
 Greece 
 
 1 Otho I of 
 
 Bavaria 
 
 2 
 
 Gr. Dukes 
 
 of 
 Tuscany 
 
 1 Louis 
 (King of 
 
 2 Etruria) 
 
 1 Charles- 
 
 Louis 
 
 2 . 
 
 United to 
 the king- 
 dom of 
 Italy 
 
 1 Ferdinand 
 
 III. rest. 
 
 2 
 
 1 Leopold 
 
 II. 
 
 2 
 
 Dukes 
 
 of 
 Modena 
 
 1 Francis IV. 
 of Austria 
 
 2 
 
 Duchy 
 
 of 
 Parma 
 
 United to 
 France 
 
 1 Maria- 
 Louisa 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 4 
 
 5 -, 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
Appendix 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL A 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD 
 
 1789 
 
 1790 
 
 1791 
 
 1792 
 
 1793 
 
 1794 
 
 1795 
 
 Opening of the States General at Versailles, May 5. 
 The Tiers Etat declare themselves the National Assembly, June 17. 
 Dismissal of Necker, July 11.— Storming of the Bastile, July 14. 
 Lafayette takes the command of the National Guard, July 16. 
 Ret'al of Necker, July 16. — King visits Paris — the princes emigrate. 
 The Feudal system and all privileges abandoned by the nobles, Aug. 4. 
 The ' Rights of Man,' Aug. 18.— Banquet of the Gardes du Corps, Oct.l. 
 Assault at Versailles, Oct. 5.— The royal family taken to Paris, Oct. 6. 
 The Duke of Orleans retires awhile from the popular agitation, Oct 14. 
 First meeting of the Jacobin Club in the Rue St. Honore, Oct. 19. 
 Confiscation of Ecclesiastical, now declared National property, Nov. 2. 
 First circulation of Assignats, Dec. 21. 
 
 Division of France into eighty-three departments, Jan. 15. 
 Religious Orders abolished and the Monasteries suppressed, Feb. 13. 
 Church property decreed to the payment of assignats, Mar. 17. 
 Abolition of Lettres de Cachet, Mar. 16, and of Game laws, Mar. 20. 
 Efforts of the clergy to dissolve the National Assembly, Ap. 19. 
 The right of War and Peace assumed by the Assembly, May 20. 
 All the orders of the nobility in France abolished, June 20. 
 Anniversary of the destruction of the Bastile celebrated in the Champ 
 
 de Mars — and partially so in England, July 14. 
 Revolt and conflict at Metz and Nancy suppressed by Bouille, Aug. 31. 
 Dismissal and final retreat of M. Necker, Sept. 4. 
 Rapid fall of Assignats upon the new issue of 800,000,000, Sept. 29. 
 
 New ecclesiastical oath refused by the bishops and clergy, Jan. 4. 
 The territorial right of primogeniture finally abrogated, Mar. 18. 
 Secret junction of Mirabeau with the court. — His death, Apr. 2. 
 The Royal family arrested in their flight at Varennes, June 22. 
 Petition for dethronement put down in the Champ de Mars, July 17. 
 Declaration at Pilnitz by the emperor and king of Prussia, Aug. 27. 
 Self-denying ordinance of the National Assembly, Sept. 4. 
 New constitution accepted by Louis XVI. Sept. 14. 
 Constituent National Assembly dissolved, Sept. 29. 
 First sitting of the Legislative Assembly, Oct. 1. 
 The king refuses to sanction the decree against the emigrants, Nov. 12. 
 Insurrection at St. Domingo, Aug. 23. — Port au Prince burnt, Nov. 
 
 The Guillotine adopted by a decree of the Assembly, Mar. 20. 
 
 War declared between France and Austria, Apr. 20. 
 
 Royal Guard disbanded, May 31.— Outrage at the Tuilleries, June 20. 
 
 Manifesto of the duke of Brunswick from Coblcntz, July 25. 
 
 Storming of the Tuilleries, Aug 10. — The king dethroned. 
 
 All the foreign ambassadors leave Paris, Aug. 13—21. 
 
 Lafayette falls into the hands of the Austrians, Aug. 20. 
 
 Massacre of the Prisons, Sept. 2 — 6. — Princess Lamballe sacrificed. 
 
 National Convention meets, Sept. 21. — First year of the Republic. 
 
 Separation of the royal family in the Temple, Sept. 29. 
 
 Retreat of the duke of Brunswick to Coblentz, Oct. 25. 
 
 Battle of Gemappe, the Austrians defeated by Dumourier, Nov. 6. 
 
 Louis XVI. beh. Jan. 21. War with England, Spain, and Holland.Feb.l. 
 Insurrection, and, in the sequel, war in La Vendee, Mar. 10. 
 Revolutionary Tribunal, Mar. 11.— Domiciliary visits decreed, Mar. 21. 
 Committee of Public Safety, Mar. 25, and of Public Welfare, Apr. 6. 
 Dumourier deserts to the Austrian lines, Apr. 4. 
 Revolution of May 31. — Downfall of the Girondins. 
 Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday, July 13. 
 The new French Calendar commenced, Sept. 22. 
 Trial and execution of Marie Antoinette, Oct. 14, 16. 
 Brissot and twenty-one of the Girondins beheaded, Oct. 31. 
 Duke of Orleans (Philipe Egalite) beheaded, Nov. 6. 
 Madame Roland beheaded, Nov. 8. — Toulon retaken, Dec. 19. 
 
 Hebert, Clootz, &c. of the Cordelier Club guillotined, Mar. 23. 
 
 Danton and his party sacrificed by Robespierre, Apr. 5. 
 
 The Austrians defeated by Massena in Piedmont, Apr. 28. 
 
 Madame Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI. beheaded, May 10. 
 
 Battle of Fleurus, Prince of Coburg defeated by Jourdan, June 26. 
 
 Robespierre and his colleagues guillotined, July 28. 
 
 Conde and Valenciennes retaken by the French, Aug. 30. 
 
 Decree closing the hall of the Jacobin Club, Sept. 8. 
 
 Battle of Ruremonde— Clairfait defeated by Jourdan, Sept. 18. 
 
 The Allies driven across the Rhine, Oct. 17. 
 
 Nimegu n taken by Pichegru, and Maestricht by Jourdan, Nov. 4. 
 
 Fall of Warsaw by Suwarrow and extinction of Poland, Nov. 4. 
 
 Pichegru takes Utrecht, Rotterdam, and Dort, Jan. 16, 18. 
 
 The Stadtholder and family escape to England, Jan. 19. 
 
 Peace between France and Prussia, Jan. 22. 
 
 Establishment of the Batavian republic, Jan. 27. 
 
 First pacification of La Vendee, Apr. 20. 
 
 Rising of the Fauxbourgs. — Assassination of Feraud, May 20. 
 
 The son of Louis XVI. dies in the Temple, June 9. 
 
 The emigrants at Quiberon lay down their arms, July 21. 
 
 Peace between France and Spain, July 23. 
 
 Revolt of the Sections suppressed by Bonaparte, Oct. 5. 
 
 National Convention succeeded by the Directory, Nov. 1. 
 
 Battle of Loano gained by Massena, Nov. 23. 
 
 1796 
 
 1797 
 
 1799 
 
 1800 
 
 1802 
 
 Bonaparte made commander-in-chief in Italy, Mar. 30 ; gains the 
 
 Montenotte and Mellesimo, Apr.14,17; and Mondovi surrender 
 Bonaparte crosses the Po, May 7, defeats Beaulieu, and exact 
 
 and works of art from the duke of Parma. 
 Bonaparte carries the bridge of Lodi in face of the Austrian 
 
 May 10, and enters Milan, May 15. 
 Bonaparte enters Verona, June 3, and blockades Mantua, Ji 
 
 Wurmser compels the French to raise the siege, July 31. 
 Battle of Lonato by Bonaparte, Aug. 3, and of Castiglione i 
 
 reau. — Wurmser falls back into Mantua. 
 Bonaparte repulsed by Alvinzi at Caldiero, Nov. 11. — Battle o 
 
 Alvjnzi defeated by Bonaparte, Nov. 16. 
 
 Battle of Rivoli, Alvinzi defeated by Bonaparte, Jan. 14. 
 Mantua surrendered by Wurmser to Bonaparte, Feb. 2. 
 Passage of, and battle of the Tagliamento, Mar. 16. 
 Overtures of peace by Bonaparte to the archduke Charles, Ma 
 The archduke Charles defeated at Newmarkt by Massena, Api 
 Preliminaries of peace signed at Leoben, Apr. 18. 
 Battles of Nieuwied and Strasburg gained by Hoche and 
 
 Apr. 18, 19, both unaware of the peace. 
 The French enter Venice, May 16. — Revolution at Genoa, Ma 
 Bonaparte procures the release of Lafayette from Olmutz, Sep 
 Arrests at Paris and change in the Directory, Sept 4. 
 Peace of Campo Formio, Oct 17. — Convention at Rastadt, De 
 
 Invasion of Switzerland under general Menard, Jan. 27. 
 The French enter Rome, Feb. 10, abolition. of the government, 
 The Rhine acknowledged at Rastadt as a boundary, Mar. I. 
 Outrage upon Bernadotte, as ambassador, who leaves Vienna, 
 Expedition of Bonaparte to Egypt from Toulon, May 20. 
 Landing in Egypt and capture of Alexandria, July 2. 
 Unsuccessful descent upon Ireland by general Humbert, Aug. 
 The subjugation of Switzerland completed by the French, Sep 
 Conscription adopted, Sept. 28. — Rupture between France and 
 General Mack defeated by Macdonald at Civita Castellana, De 
 The king of Sardinia driven out of Italy, Dec. 9. 
 Treaty between England and Russia, Dec. 18, — Prussia declini 
 
 Ehrenbreitstein on the Rhine surrenders to the French, Jan. 2 
 Jourdan defeated by archduke Charles at Stockach, Mar. 25. 
 Murder of the French plenipotentiaries at Rastadt, Apr. 19. 
 Bonaparte compelled by Sir S. Smith to raise the siege of Acre, 
 Zurich surrendered by Massena to the archduke Charles, Jun< 
 Macdonald defeated by Suwarrow on the Trebia, June 18 
 Battle of Aboukir, the Turks defeated by Bonaparte, July 25. 
 Battle of Novi, Joubert defeated by Suwarrow, Aug. 15. 
 Battle of Zurich by Massena, retreat of Korsakof, Sept. 24. 
 Bonaparte lands at Frejus from Egypt, Oct. 7. 
 Dissolution of the Directory, Nov. 10. — Bonaparte First Consul 
 Bonaparte proposes peace to England, Dec. 25. 
 
 Battle of Engen by Moreau ; retreat of general Kray, May 2 
 Battle of Moeskirch, Kray defeated by Moreau, May 5. 
 Passage of the Great St. Bernard by Bonaparte, May 14 — 23. 
 Battle of Montebello, the Austrians defeated by Lannes, June 
 General Kleber assassinated in Egypt, June 14. 
 Battle of Marengo by Bonaparte over Melas, Dessaix killed, J 
 Genoa surrendered by Massena to the allies, June 15. 
 Moreau crosses the Danube and defeats Kray at Hochstedt, Jt 
 Battle of Hohenlinden by Moreau, and passage of the Inn, De 
 Northern Confederacy against England, Dec. 16, — Prussia acce 
 Battle of the Mincio gained by Brune and Moreau, Dec. 25. 
 The Infernal Machine — narrow escape of Bonaparte, Dec. 29. 
 
 Peace of Luneville between France and Austria, Feb. 9. 
 Assassination of the emperor Paul, Mar. 24. 
 Bombardment of Copenhagen by Lord Nelson, Apr. 2. 
 Occupation of Hanover by the Prussian troops, Apr. 3. 
 Pacific course of Alexander towards Great Britain, Apr. 14. 
 Dissolution of the Armed Neutrality, May 19. 
 Peace between England and Russia, June 17. 
 Capitulation by Menou of the French in Egypt, Aug. 30. 
 Preliminaries between England and France, Oct. 1. 
 Peace between France and Russia, Oct. 8. 
 Peace between France and Turkey, Oct. 9. 
 Expedition under Le Clerc sails for St. Domingo, Dec. 14. 
 
 Cisalpine republic remodelled, Bonaparte president, Jan. 25. 
 
 French Concordat, the Gallican church restored, Apr. 8. 
 
 General amnesty to the French emigrants, Apr. 29. 
 
 Decree to promote public instruction, May 1. 
 
 Submission of Touissant, Christophe, &c. at St Domingo, Maj 
 
 Institution of the Legion of Honour, May 19. 
 
 Extension of the Consulate to Bonaparte for life, Aug. 2. 
 
 Change in the Constitution— the Tribunate reduced, Aug. 4. 
 
 The English newspapers seized and prohibited in Paris, Aug. 21 
 
 Mr. Fox received with marked respect at the Tuilleries, Sept. I 
 
 Piedmont annexed to France, Sept. 11. 
 
 General Andreossi arrives as French ambassador in London, K 
 
ISTORICAL TABLES 
 
 N° 59 
 
 ENCH EMPIRE, 1789 — 1815. 
 
 Helvetic Confederation of the Nineteen Cantons, Feb. 19. 
 Correspondence of Bonaparte with Louis XVIII. at Warsaw, Feb. 2G. 
 Bonaparte personally insults the English ambassador, Lord Whitworth, 
 
 in presence of the court at the Tuilleries, Mar. 13. 
 Louisiana sold by Bonaparte to the United States, Apr. 30. 
 The English and French ambassadors respectively leave, May 12, 18. 
 War between England and France, May 16. 
 
 Bonaparte detains the English residents in France and Holland, May 22. 
 Conquest of Hanover by the French under Mortier, May 26. 
 Declaration of Bonaparte against British commerce, June 21. 
 Convention of neutrality between France and Portugal, Oct. 6. 
 Fort Dauphine in St. Domingo taken by the English, Nov. 30. 
 
 Adoption of the new Civil Code in France, Jan. 15. 
 
 Arrest of Moreau, Feb. 17 ; of Pichegru, Feb. 27 ; and of Georges.Mar. 9. 
 
 Murder of the Duke d'Enghien at the castle of Vincennes, Mar. 21. 
 
 General Pichegru found strangled in prison, Apr. 8. 
 
 Napoleon declared Emperor of the French, May 18. 
 
 Protest of Louis XVIII. against Bonaparte as emperor, June 6. 
 
 Georges and the conspirators executed, June 25,— Moreau expatriated. 
 
 Francis II. takes the hereditary title of emperor of Austria, Aug. II. 
 
 The Russian minister at Paris, d'Oubril, demands his passports, Aug. 28, 
 
 Sir G. Rumbold the resident at Hamburg seized by the French, Oct. 24. 
 
 Napoleon crowned at Notre Dame, Dec. 2. 
 
 Spain declares war against Great Britain, Dec. 12. 
 
 Napoleon addresses proposals for peace to King George III. Jan. 2. 
 Treaty of St. Petersburg, — Russia and England against France, Apr. 11. 
 Napoleon crowned King of Italy at Milan, May 26. 
 Violation of the territory of Anspach on the advance to Ulm, Oct. 8. 
 Battle of Elchinghen gained by Marshal Ney, Oct. 14, 15. 
 Surrender of Ulm and the army of Mack to Napoleon, Oct 17. 
 Napoleon passes through Vienna to Schoenbrun, Nov. 14. 
 Battle of Austerlitz, — Austria subdued by Napoleon, Dec. 2. 
 Interview and armistice between the emperors Francis and Napoleon on 
 
 the high road to Hollitch, Dec. 4. 
 Peace of Presburg, Dec. 27, — Alexander accedes. 
 Dethronement of the King of Naples, Dec 27. 
 
 Joseph Bonaparte placed on the throne of Naples, Mar. 30. 
 The King of Prussia declares himself King of Hanover, Apr. 1. 
 Louis Bonaparte created King of Holland, June 5. 
 Battle of Maida, July 6.— Confederation of the Rhine, July 12. 
 Palm, the bookseller of Nuremburg, shot for a libel, Aug. 26. 
 Prussia declares war against France, Oct. 8. 
 
 Battle of Jena by Napoleon, — and of Auerstadt by Davoust, Oct. 14. 
 Saxony detached from the allies by Napoleon, Oct. 17. 
 Surrender of Prince Hohenloe to Murat at Prentzlow, Oct. 28. 
 Capitulation of Magdeburg with its garrison, 22,000, to Mar. Ney, Nov. 8. 
 Napoleon enters Berlin, Oct. 30.— Berlin decree by Napoleon,— Great 
 Britain declared in a state of blockade, Nov. 20. 
 
 Conquest of Silesia by Napoleon, Jan. 
 
 Battle of Eylau, Feb. 8,— Retreat of Napoleon, Feb. 17. 
 
 Dantzic surrendered to the French, May 24. 
 
 Battle of Heilsberg, June 10; personal altercation between Lannes and 
 
 Napoleon on its ill success. 
 Battle of Friedland, the Russians defeated by Napoleon, June 14. 
 Interview on the Niemen between Alexander and Napoleon, June 26. 
 Peace of Tilsit between France, Russia, and Prussia, July 7 — 9. — New 
 
 kingdom of Westphalia and grand duchy of Warsaw. 
 The royal family of Portugal embark for Brazil, Nov. 29. 
 General Junot enters Portugal with his army, Nov. 30. 
 Napoleon renews his continental decrees at Milan, Dec. 17. 
 
 Royal family of Spain entrapped by Napoleon at Bayonne, Apr. 20 — 30. 
 Rising at Madrid in conflict with the troops of Murat, May 2. 
 First siege of Saragossa, successful defence of Palafox, June 16 — Aug. 14. 
 The patriots defeated by Mashal Bessieres at Rio Secco, July 14. 
 Capitulation of Baylen by Dupont to Castanos, July 19. 
 Entry of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain into Madrid, July 21. 
 King Joseph retreats with the crown jewels to Burgos, Aug. 1. 
 Battle of Vimeira,— Junot defeated by Sir A. Wellesley, Aug. 21. 
 Convention of Cintra, Aug. 30, — capitulation of Junot. 
 Interview between Alexander and Napoleon at Erfurth, Sept. 27. 
 Battle of Tudela,— Castanos defeated by Lefebvre, Nov. 23. 
 Surrender of Madrid to Napoleon, Dec. 4. 
 
 Battle of Corunna and death of Sir John Moore, Jan. 16. 
 
 Capitulation of Saragossa by Palafox to the French, Feb. 21. 
 
 Oporto taken by Marshal Soult, Mar. 29. 
 
 Archduke Louis defeated by Napoleon at Abensberg, Apr. 20. 
 
 Battle of Eckmuhl, — Archduke Charles defeated by Napoleon, Apr. 22. 
 
 Passage of the Douro, — Soult repulsed by Wellington, May 12. 
 
 Napoleon enters Vienna, May 13. 
 
 Battle of Aspern, — Napoleon defeated by the Archduke Charles, May 22. 
 
 Final deposition of Pope Pius VII. June 10. 
 
 Battle of Wagram, July 6. — Armistice signed by Francis II., July 12. 
 
 Battle of Talavera, — Marshal Victor defeated by Sir A. Wellesley, July 28. 
 
 Peace of Vienna, Oct. 14. — Demolition of the ramparts, Oct. 17. 
 
 1810 
 
 1812 
 
 1814 
 
 Rapid march of Albuquerque, which saves Cadiz, Feb. 3. 
 Marriage of Napoleon to Maria Louisa, Apr. 2. 
 Confederation of Venezuela in South America, Apr. 19. 
 Fall of Lerida,— cruel attack upon the people by Suchet, May 14. 
 Abdication of the crown of Holland by Louis Bonaparte, July 3. 
 Ciudad Rodrigo surrenders with 4,000 men to the French, July 10. 
 Marshal Bernadotte elected crown prince of Sweden, Aug. 21. 
 Almeida surrenders to Marshal Massena, Aug. 27. 
 Battle of Busaco,— Massena repulsed by Lord Wellington, Sept. 27. 
 Lord Wellington gains the lines of Torras Vedras, Oct. 9. 
 Junction of the Marquis de Romana with Lord Wellington, Oct. 20. 
 The Hans Towns and Westphalia annexed to France, Dec. 13. 
 
 Siege and fall of Tortosa to Marshal Suchet, Jan. 1. 
 
 Battle of Barossa — Victor defeated by General Graham, Mar. 6. 
 
 Retreat of Massena from Santarem, March 8. 
 
 Badajoz surrendered by Imaz to the French, March 10. 
 
 Birth of the King of Rome, March 20. 
 
 Battle of Fuentes d'Onore between Massena and Wellington, May 5. 
 
 Evacuation of, and retreat from Almeida by Massena, May 10. 
 
 Battle of Albuera,— Soult defeated by Marshal Beresford, May 16. 
 
 Tarragona surrendered by Contreras to Marshal Suchet, June 29. 
 
 Marshal Suchet repulsed at Murviedro, Oct. 18. 
 
 Battle of Saguntum,— Blake defeated by Suchet, Oct. 25. 
 
 Surprise of Gerard by General Hill at Aroyo de Molinos, Oct. 28. 
 
 Siege and fall of Valencia to Marshal Suchet, Jan. 9. 
 
 Ciudad Rodrigo taken by storm by Lord Wellington, Jan. 19. 
 
 Alliance between France and Prussia, Feb. 24. — France and Austria.Mar. 
 
 Great Britain, Russia, and Sweden allied against France, Apr. 5. [14. 
 
 Badajoz taken by storm by Lord Wellington, Apr. 6. 
 
 General Hill takes Almarez by assault, May 19. 
 
 Napoleon crosses the Niemen, June 23. — The Moscow campaign. 
 
 Peace of Bucharest, between Russia and Turkey, July 14. 
 
 Battle of Salamanca, July 22 ; Lord Wellington enters Madrid, Aug. 12. 
 
 Battle of Smolensko,Aug. 17 ; of Valontina, Aug. 19 ; of Borodino, Sept. 7. 
 
 Moscow burnt, Sept 19. — Retreat of Napoleon, Oct. 19. 
 
 Passage of the Beresina, Nov. 26 — 28.— Napoleon arrives in Paris, Dec. 18- 
 
 Treaty of Kalisch,— Russia and Prussia against France, Feb. 28. 
 
 Co-operation of Bernadotte with the allies, Mar. 3. 
 
 Battle of Lutzen, May 2, and of Bautzen by Napoleon, May 20, 21. 
 
 Armistice of Pleschwitz for six weeks, June 4. 
 
 Battle of Vittoria by Wellington, and flight of King Joseph, June 21. 
 
 Manifesto against Napoleon by the Emperor Francis, Aug. 12. 
 
 Battle of the Katzbach,— Macdonald defeated by Blucher, Aug. 26. 
 
 Battle of Dresden, — Moreau mortally wounded, Aug. 27. 
 
 St. Sebastian taken by storm by Lord Wellington, Aug. 31. 
 
 Battle of Dennewitz, — Ney defeated by Bernadotte, Oct. 8. 
 
 Battle of Leipsic, Oct. 16, 18, 19.— Napoleon in Paris, Nov. 9. [Dec. 1. 
 
 Defection of Bavaria.Nov. 1 2.— Allies at Frankfort j revolution in Holland 
 
 Battle of Brienne — defeat and retreat of Napoleon, Feb. 1. 
 
 Congress at Chatillon, Feb. 4— Mar. 18.— Armistice of Lusigny, Feb. 24. 
 
 Battle of Orthes,— Soult defeated by Lord Wellington, Feb. 25. 
 
 Treaty of Chaumont, Mar. 1— Capitulation of Soissons, Mar. 3. 
 
 Battle of Craone,— Napoleon gains upon Blucher, Mar. 7. 
 
 Battle of Laon,— Napoleon defeated by Blucher, Mar. 10. 
 
 Napoleon falls in the rear at St. Dizier, Mar. 22. 
 
 The Allies enter Paris ; Napoleon retires to Fontainbleau, Mar. 31. 
 
 Battle of Toulouse,— Soult defeated by Lord Wellington, Apr. 10. 
 
 Abdication of Napoleon at Fontainbleau, Apr. 11. 
 
 Louis XVIII. enters Paris, May 3.— Napoleon lands at Elba, May 4. 
 
 Peace of Paris, May 30.— Congress assembles at. Vienna, Oct. 2. 
 
 Napoleon lands at Frejus from Elba, March 1. 
 
 Louis XVIII. withdraws, Mar. 19.— Napoleon enters Paris, Mar. 21. 
 
 Murat defeated by the Austrians at the Po, Apr. 9. 
 
 Napoleon leaves Paris for his army, June 13. 
 
 Battle of Ligny,— Blucher retreats to Wavre. Action at Quatre-Bras,— 
 
 Duke of Brunswick killed, June 16. 
 Battle of Waterloo,— Overthrow of Napoleon, June 18. 
 The Duke of Wellington and Louis XVIII. enter Paris, July 6, 8. 
 Napoleon surrenders to Captain Maitland on board the Bellerophron, 
 
 July 15 ; lands at St Helena, Oct 15. 
 
 *** The Events in the above Table are chiefly continental, 
 the corresponding years in the previous Tables, relating prin- 
 cipally to Great Britain. But they do not always separate 
 distinctly into these divisions, and sometimes they may be 
 placed either way. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 Table 60.-PARALLKL YEARS TO THE DECLINE OF THE 
 OLYMPlADS-ie placed between B.C. 50—1 anil A. D. 1-50 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES. 
 
 I. — EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 II. — MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 III.— HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 B.C. 
 
 4 Abijah king of Judah — 959 
 
 3 Acastus perpetual archon — 1025 
 15 Achaean League, years of — 280 
 15 Achaean League — Praetors — 255 
 
 ".• The names of the 29 Praetors, now 
 extant, could not be comprised within 
 the Chronological columns. Their 
 position's, corresponding with the dates 
 below.are marked in Tables 15, 16, 17, 
 18, by the letter 1'. or I'r. 
 
 15 Marcus, Praetor — 255 
 
 16 . Aratus, Praetor — 243 
 
 16 ■ Timoxenus, Praetor — 221 
 
 16 Aratus, Praetor — 220 
 
 16 Aratus, jun., Praetor — 219 
 
 16 Eperatus, Praetor — 218 
 
 16 Aratus, Praetor — 217 
 
 16 Timoxenus, Praetor — 216 
 
 16 Cycliadas, Praetor — 208 
 
 16 Nicias, Praetor — 207 
 
 16 Lycippus, Praetor ■ — 202 
 
 16 Philopcemen, Praetor — 201 
 
 17 Cycliadas, Praetor — 200 
 
 17 Aristaenus, Praetor — 198 
 
 17 Aristaenus, Praetor — 195 
 
 17 Philopcemen, Praetor — 192 
 
 17 Diophanes, Praetor — 191 
 
 17 Philopcemen, Praetor — 189 
 
 17 Philopcemen, Praetor — 188 
 
 17 Aristaenus, Praetor — 185 
 
 17 Philopcemen, Praetor — 183 
 
 17 Lycortas, Praetor — 182 
 
 17 Xenarchus, Praetor — 174 
 
 17 Archon, Praetor — 172 
 
 18 Menalcidas. Praetor — 150 
 
 18 Diaeus, Praetor — 149 
 
 18 Damocritus, Praetor — 148 
 
 18 Diaeus, Praetor — 147 
 
 18 Critolaus, Praetor — 146 
 
 13 Acoris king of Egypt — 389 
 
 15 Acrotatus king of Sparta — 265 
 18 Adherbal king of Numidia — 118 
 
 7 Adrameles king of Assyria — 691 
 
 8 jEropus I. king of Macedon — 602 
 
 13 jEropus II. — 399 
 
 5 jEschylus perpetual archon — 777 
 5 Agamestor perpetual archon — 794 
 
 14 Agathocles tyrant of Syracuse — 317 
 
 4 Agelas I. king of Corinth — 996 
 
 4 Agelas II. — 889 
 
 5 Agenor king of Corinth — 799 
 
 8 Agesicles king of Sparta — 604 
 4 Agesilaus I. king of Sparta — 899 
 
 13 Agesilaus II. — 398 
 
 13 Agesipolis I. king of Sparta — 394 
 
 13 Agesipolis II. — 371 
 
 16 Agesipolis III. — 219 
 4 Agis I. king of Sparta — 1009 
 
 12 Agis II. — 427 
 
 14 Agis III. — 338 
 16 Agis IV. — 244 
 
 4 Ahab king of Israel — 917 
 
 6 Ahaz king of Judah — 741 
 
 4 Ahaziah king of Israel — 897 
 
 5 Alcamenes king of Sparta — 779 
 
 9 Alcetas king of Macedon — 576 
 5 Alcmaeon perpetual archon — 754 
 
 11 Aletes king of Corinth — 1074 
 
 3 Alexander king of Corinth — 783 
 11 Alexander I. king of Macedon — 509 
 
 13 Alexander II. — 369 
 
 14 Alexander III. the Great — 336 
 
 15 Alexander IV. — 297 
 
 18 Alexander I. king of Egypt 107 
 
 19 Alexander II. — 81 
 18 Alexander Bala, king of Syria — 150 
 18 Alexander Jannaeus, High Priest 105 
 
 8 Alyattes king of Lydia — 617 
 
 9 Amasis king of Egypt — 569 
 
 4 Amaziah king of Judah — 837 
 8 Amos king ot Judah — 642 
 
 10 Amyntas I. king of Macedon — 540 
 
 N° B.C. 
 
 13 Amyntas II. king of Macedon — 395 
 7 Anaxander king of Sparta — 675 
 9 Anaxandrides king of Sparta — 560 
 
 7 Anaxidamus king of Sparta — 686 
 
 14 Antigonus king of Asia — 318 
 
 15 Antigonus I. Gonatus king of 
 
 Macedon — 277 
 
 16 Antigonus II. Doson — 229 
 15 Antiochus I. Soter king of Syria 280 
 
 15 Antiochus II. Theus — 261 
 
 16 Antiochus III. Magnus — 223 
 
 17 Antiochus IV. Epiphanes — 175 
 
 17 Antiociius V. Eupator — 164 
 
 18 Antiochus VI. Sidetes — 137 
 18 Antiochus VII. Grypus — 125 
 
 18 Antiochus VIII. Cyzicenus — 112 
 
 19 Antiochus IX. Asiaticus — 69 
 15 Antipater king of Macedon — 297 
 
 9 Apries king of Egypt — 594 
 
 6 Apsander decennial archon — 702 
 
 11 Archaeanactidae kings of Bos- 
 
 phorus — 480 
 
 4 Archelaus king of Sparta — 862 
 
 12 Archelaus king of Macedon — 413 
 
 20 Archelaus king of Cappadocia — 36 
 
 6 Archianus king of Babylon — 709 
 
 8 Archidamus I. king of Sparta — 648 
 11 Archidamus II. — 469 
 
 13 Archidamus III. — 361 
 
 15 Archidamus IV. — 295 
 
 16 Archidamus V. — 230 
 4 Archippus perpetual archon — 989 
 
 7 Ardys king of Lydia — 678 
 
 14 Areus I. king of Sparta — 309 
 
 15 Areus II. — 264 
 7 Argaeus king of Macedon — 678 
 
 15 Ariamnes II. king of Cappadocia 284 
 
 16 Ariarthes III. king of Cappadocia 248 
 
 16 Ariarthes IV. — 220 
 
 17 Ariarthes V. — 162 
 
 18 Ariarthes VI. — 130 
 20 Ariarthes VII. — 42 
 
 15 Ariobarzanes III. king of Pontus 266 
 
 19 Ariobarzanes I. king of Cappadocia 93 
 19 Ariobarzanes II. — 63 
 
 4 Ariphron perpetual archon — 841 
 
 18 Aristobulus I. king of the Jews 107 
 
 19 Aristobulus II. — 66 
 4 Aristodemus king of Corinth — 834 
 
 9 Ariston king of Sparta — 560 
 
 16 Arsaces I. king of Parthia — 250 
 16 Arsaces II. — 248 
 16 Arsaces III. — 211 
 14 Arses king of Persia — 338 
 11 Artabanes king of Persia — 464 
 18 Artabanes king of Parthia — 128 
 11 Artaxerxes Longimanus king of 
 
 Persia — 465 
 
 4 Asa king of Judah — 956 
 
 7 Asaridinus king of Babylon — 680 
 
 7 Asordanes king of Assyria — 693 
 
 7 Asordanes king of Babylon — 699 
 
 9 Astyages king of Media — 594 
 
 4 Athaliah king of Judah — 883 
 
 16 Attalus J. king of Pergamus — 241 
 
 17 Attalus II. — 159 
 
 18 Attalus III. — 138 
 
 6 Automenes king of Corinth — 746 
 
 7 Axerdis king of Assyria — 670 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1041 
 
 1582 
 
 1641 
 
 1732 
 
 888 
 
 1485 
 
 685 
 
 732 
 
 721 
 
 755 
 
 41 Aba king of Hungary — 
 
 52 Abbas I. the Great, Shah of Persia 
 
 53 Abbas II. — 
 55 Abbas III. — 
 38 Abdalla king of Cordova — 
 50 Abdalla el Zagel king of Granada 
 
 34 Abdelmelic, Caliph — 
 
 35 Abdelmelic emir in Spain — 
 
 35 Abderahman emir in Spain — 
 
 36 Abderahman I. king of Cordova 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 37 Abderahman II. king of Cordova 
 
 822 
 
 39 Abderahman III. — 
 
 912 
 
 41 Abderahman IV. — 
 
 1017 
 
 41 Abderahman V. — 
 
 1023 
 
 56 Abdul Ahmed emperor of Turkey 
 
 1774 
 
 35 Abdulasis emir in Spain — 
 
 714 
 
 57 Abdul Medjid emperor of Turkey 
 
 1839 
 
 43 Abdulmumen, dynasty of the Al- 
 
 
 mohades — 
 
 1149 
 
 45 Abdulwahid, dynasty of the Al- 
 
 
 mohades — 
 
 1223 
 
 45 Abel king of Denmark — 
 
 1250 
 
 56 Abool Fatteh Khan, Shah of Per- 
 
 
 sia — 
 
 1779 
 
 34 Absimerus emperor of the East 
 
 698 
 
 50 Abu Abdalla king of Granada — 
 
 1484 
 
 45 Abu Ali, dynasty of the Almo- 
 
 
 hades — 
 
 1225 
 
 33 Abubeker, Caliph — 
 
 632 
 
 35 Abul Abbas, Caliph — 
 
 750 
 
 50 Abul Hassan king of Granada — 
 
 1466 
 
 35 Abulkatur emir in Spain — 
 
 743 
 
 48 Abu Said king of Granada — 
 
 1360 
 
 33 Adawald king of the Lombards 
 
 615 
 
 32 Adda king of Bernicia — 
 
 560 
 
 34 Adelwald king of Bernicia — 
 
 651 
 
 34 Adeodatus, Pope — 
 
 672 
 
 55 Adil, Shah of Persia — 
 
 1747 
 
 46 Adolphus of Nassau, emperor of 
 
 
 Germany 
 
 1292 
 
 56 Adolphus Frederic king of Swe- 
 
 
 den — 
 
 1751 
 
 36 Adrian I. Pope — 
 
 772 
 
 38 Adrian II. — 
 
 867 
 
 38 Adrian III. — 
 
 884 
 
 44 Adrian IV. — 
 
 1154 
 
 46 Adrian V. — 
 
 1276 
 
 51 Adrian VI. — 
 
 1522 
 
 26 jEmilian Roman emperor — 
 
 253 
 
 56 Aga Mahomed Khan, Shah of 
 
 
 Persia — 
 
 1795 
 
 31 Agapetus I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 535 
 
 39 Agapetus II. Pope — 
 
 946 
 
 34 Agathon, Pope — 
 
 678 
 
 31 Agila king of the Visigoths — 
 
 550 
 
 32 Agiluph king of the Lombards 
 
 591 
 
 53 Ahmed I. emperor of Turkey — 
 
 1603 
 
 54 Ahmed II. — 
 
 1691 
 
 55 Ahmed III. — 
 
 1703 
 
 47 Aimon the Peacemaker, count of 
 
 
 Savoy — 
 
 1329 
 
 45 Aladel, dynasty of the Almohades 
 
 1223 
 
 28 Alaric I. king of the Visigoths — 
 
 398 
 
 30 Alaric II. — 
 
 484 
 
 46 Albert I. of Austria emperor of 
 
 
 Germany — 
 
 1298 
 
 49 Albert II. the Grave — 
 
 1438 
 
 49 Albert king of Hungary and Bo- 
 
 
 hemii — 
 
 1437 
 
 48 Albert king of Sweden — 
 
 1365 
 
 32 Alboin king of the Lombards — 
 
 568 
 
 41 Alcassim king of Cordova — 
 
 1018 
 
 34 Aldulf king of East Anglia — 
 
 664 
 
 25 Alexander Severus Roman em- 
 
 
 peror — 
 
 222 
 
 39 Alexander emperor of the East 
 
 911 
 
 43 Alexander I. king of Scotland — 
 
 1107 
 
 45 Alexander II. — 
 
 1214 
 
 45 Alexander III. — 
 
 1249 
 
 23 Alexander I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 109 
 
 42 Alexander II. Pope — 
 
 1061 
 
 44 Alexander III. — 
 
 1159 
 
 46 Alexander IV. — 
 
 1254 
 
 49 Alexander V. — 
 
 1409 
 
 50 Alexander VI. — 
 
 1492 
 
 54 Alexander VII. — 
 
 1655 
 
 54 Alexander VIII. — 
 
 1689 
 
 57 Alexander emperor of Russia — 
 
 1801 
 
 42 Alexius I. Comnenus emperor of 
 
 
 the East — 
 
 1081 
 
 44 Alexius II. — 
 
 11.80 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 ! 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 44 Alexius III. An eel us — 
 
 1195 
 
 39 Anastatius III. Pope — 
 
 911 
 
 34 Benedict II. Pope — 
 
 684 
 
 53 Alexis Czar of Russia — 
 
 1645 
 
 44 Anastatius IV. — 
 
 1153 
 
 38 Benedict III. — 
 
 855 
 
 35 Alfonso I. king of Asturias — 
 
 739 
 
 32 Andica king of the Suevi — 
 
 583 
 
 38 Benedict IV. — 
 
 900 
 
 36 Alfonso 11. the Chaste, king of 
 
 
 41 Andrew I. king of Hungary — 
 
 1047 
 
 40 Benedict V. — 
 
 964 
 
 Oviedo — 
 
 791 
 
 45 Andrew II. of Jerusalem — 
 
 1205 
 
 40 Benedict VI. — 
 
 972 
 
 38 Alfonso III. the Great — 
 
 866 
 
 46 Andrew III. the Venetian — 
 
 1290 
 
 40 Benedict VII. — 
 
 975 
 
 39 Alfonso IV. the Monk, k. of Leon 
 
 924 
 
 42 Andronicus emperor of the Last 
 
 1071 
 
 41 Benedict VIIL — 
 
 1012 
 
 40 Alfonso V. — 
 
 999 
 
 44 Andronicus I. Comnenus empe- 
 
 
 41 Benedict IX. — 
 
 1033 
 
 42 Alfonso VI. king of Leon sepa- 
 
 
 ror of the East — 
 
 1183 
 
 42 Benedict X. Anti-pope — 
 
 1057 
 
 rated from Castile — 
 
 10^5 
 
 46 Andronicus II. Paleologus — 
 
 1282 
 
 47 Benedict XI Pope — 
 
 1303 
 
 42 Alfonso VI. the Valiant, king of 
 
 
 47 Andronicus III. Paleologus — 
 
 1332 
 
 47 Benedict XII. — 
 
 1334 
 
 Castile — 
 
 1072 
 
 24 Anicetus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 157 
 
 55 Benedict XIII. — 
 
 1724 
 
 43 Alfonso VII. — 
 
 1109 
 
 33 Anna king ot East Anglia — 
 
 635 
 
 55 Benedict XIV. — 
 
 1740 
 
 43 Alfonso VIII. Raymond — 
 
 1126 
 
 55 Anne queen of England — 
 
 1702 
 
 35 Beorna and Ethelreld, kings of 
 
 
 44 Alfonso IX. the Noble — 
 
 1158 
 
 55 Anne empress of Russia — 
 
 1730 
 
 East Anglia — 
 
 749 
 
 44 Alfonso IX. king of Leon sepa- 
 
 
 35 Ansprand king of the Lombards 
 
 712 
 
 38 Berenger I. king of Italy — 
 
 88« 
 
 rated from Castile — 
 
 1188 
 
 25 Anterius Bishop of Rome — 
 
 235 
 
 39 crowned emperor — 
 
 915 
 
 46 Alfonso X. the Wise, king of Cas- 
 
 
 30 Anthemius emperor of the West 
 
 467 
 
 39 Berenger II. and Adalbert kings 
 
 
 tile — 
 
 1252 
 
 52 Anthony of Bourbon king of 
 
 
 of Italy — 
 
 950 
 
 47 Alfonso XI. — 
 
 1312 
 
 Lower Navarre — 
 
 1557 
 
 36 Bermudo I. king of Oviedo — 
 
 788 
 
 43 Alfonso I. the Warrior, king of 
 
 
 57 Anthony Clement k. of Saxony 
 
 1827 
 
 40 Bermudo II. the Gouty, king of 
 
 
 Arragon and Navarre — 
 
 1104 
 
 23 Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor 
 
 138 
 
 Leon — 
 
 982 
 
 44 Alfonso II. the Chaste, king of 
 
 
 38 Aodh king of Scotland — 
 
 831 
 
 41 Bermudo III. — 
 
 1027 
 
 Arragon — 
 
 1162 
 
 31 Araric king of the Ostrogoths — 
 
 541 
 
 36 Bemred king of Mercia — 
 
 755 
 
 46 Alfonso III. the Beneficent — 
 
 1285 
 
 28 Arcadius emperor of the East — 
 
 395 
 
 37 Bernwulf king of Mercia — 
 
 821 
 
 47 Alfonso IV. — 
 
 1327 
 
 25 Ardisheer I. king of Persia — 
 
 226 
 
 41 Beroalcl count of Maurienne — 
 
 1020 
 
 49 Alfonso V. the Wise — 
 
 1416 
 
 28 Ardisheer II. — 
 
 381 
 
 36 Bertric king of Wessex — 
 
 784 
 
 43 Alfonso I. king of Portugal — 
 
 1139 
 
 34 Aribert I. king of the Lombards 
 
 653 
 
 37 Bertuif king of Mercia — 
 
 838 
 
 45 Alfonso II. the Fat — 
 
 1212 
 
 35 Aribert II. — 
 
 701 
 
 46 Birger II. king of Sweden — 
 
 1290 
 
 45 Alfonso III. — 
 
 1248 
 
 33 Ariwaldking of the Lombards 
 
 625 
 
 29 Bleda king of the Huns — 
 
 433 
 
 47 Alfonso IV. the Brave — 
 
 1325 
 
 38 Arnulph emperor of Germany 
 
 887 
 
 39 Boleslas I. king of Bohemia — 
 
 936 
 
 49 Alfonso V. the African — 
 
 1438 
 
 21 Artabanes II. king of Parthia — 
 
 18 
 
 40 Boleslas 11. le Debonnaire — 
 
 967 
 
 54 Alfonso VI. — 
 
 1656 
 
 22 Artabanes III. — 
 
 81 
 
 40 Boleslas III. — 
 
 999 
 
 49 Alfonso I. the Wise, king of Na- 
 
 
 2 1 Artabanes IV. — 
 
 199 
 
 40 Boleslas I. the Lion-hearted, 
 
 
 ples — 
 
 1435 
 
 55 Ashraff Shah of Persia — 
 
 1725 
 
 king of Poland — 
 
 992 
 
 50 Alfonso II. — 
 
 1494 
 
 35 Astolfus king of the Lombards 
 
 749 
 
 42 Boleslas II. the Bold. — 
 
 1058 
 
 34 Alfred king of Bernicia — 
 
 685 
 
 31 Athalaric king of the Ostrogoths 
 
 526 
 
 43 Boleslas III. Wry Mouth, duke 
 
 
 38 Alfred the Great, king of Eng- 
 
 
 32 Athanagild king of the Visigoths 
 
 554 
 
 of Poland — 
 
 1102 
 
 land — 
 
 871 
 
 29 Athaulfus king of the Visigoths 
 
 412 
 
 43 Boleslas IV. le Frise, duke — 
 
 1146 
 
 37 Alfwold king of Northumbria — 
 
 808 
 
 39 Athelstan king of England — 
 
 924 
 
 45 Boleslas V. the Chaste, duke — 
 
 1227 
 
 36 Alhacam I. king of Cordova — 
 
 796 
 
 29 Attila king of the Huns — 
 
 433 
 
 46 Boniface-Roland count of Savoy 
 
 1253 
 
 40 Alhacam II. — 
 
 961 
 
 26 Aurelian Roman emperor — 
 
 270 
 
 29 Boniface I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 418 
 
 35 Alhaitan emir in Spain — 
 
 729 
 
 36 Aurelio king of Oviedo — 
 
 768 
 
 31 Boniface II. — 
 
 530 
 
 35 Alhaur emir in Spain — 
 
 715 
 
 32 Autharis king of the Lombards 
 
 584 
 
 33 Boniface III. — 
 
 606 
 
 34 Ali, Caliph — 
 
 656 
 
 34 Authun and Berthun, kings of 
 
 
 33 Boniface IV. — 
 
 607 
 
 43 Ali ben Yussef, dynasty of the 
 
 
 Sussex — 
 
 688 
 
 33 Boniface V. — 
 
 617 
 
 Almoravides — 
 
 1107 
 
 30 Avitus emperor of the West — 
 
 455 
 
 38 Boniface VI. — 
 
 896 
 
 56 Ali Moorhad Khan Shah of Persia 
 
 1781 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 40 Boniface VII. Anti-pope — 
 
 974 
 
 45 Almamum, dynasty of the Almo- 
 
 
 
 46 Boniface VIIL Pope — 
 
 1294 
 
 hades — 
 
 1325 
 
 4 Baasha king of Israel — 
 
 954 
 
 48 Boniface IX. — 
 
 1389 
 
 36 Almanzor, Caliph — 
 
 754 
 
 4 Bacchis king of Corinth — 
 
 924 
 
 52 Boris-Godonof Czar of Russia 
 
 1598 
 
 38 Almundhir king of Cordova — 
 
 886 
 
 6 Baldanes king of Babylon — 
 
 702 
 
 38 Borzivoi I. duke of Bohemia — 
 
 890 
 
 47 Alnassar king of Granada — 
 
 1309 
 
 6 Belibus king of Babylon — 
 
 702 
 
 42 Borzivoi II. — 
 
 1100 
 
 35 Alphuald king of E. Anglia — 
 
 746 
 
 9 Belshazzar king of Babylon — 
 
 555 
 
 38 Boson king of Aries — 
 
 879 
 
 36 Aired king of Northumberland 
 
 765 
 
 19 Berenice queen of Egypt — 
 
 58 
 
 41 Bretislas I. duke of Bohemia 
 
 1037 
 
 36 Alric king of Kent — 
 
 760 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 42 Bretislas II. — 
 
 1093 
 
 35 Al Sama emir in Spain — 
 
 718 
 
 
 38 Burhred king of Mercia — 
 
 852 
 
 41 Amadeus I. Long Tail, count of 
 Maurienne — 
 
 1048 
 
 26 Baharam I. king of Persia — 
 26 Baharam II. — 
 
 272 
 276 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 
 43 Amadeus II. count of Savoy — 
 
 1108 
 
 26 Baharam III. — 
 
 293 
 
 13 Callippus tyrant of Syracuse — 
 
 353 
 
 45 Amadeus III. — 
 
 1233 
 
 28 Baharam IV. — 
 
 390 
 
 10 Cambyses king of Persia — 
 
 529 
 
 46 Amadeus IV. or V. the Great — 
 
 1285 
 
 29 Baharam V. — 
 
 420 
 
 14 Cas^ander king of Macedon — 
 
 316 
 
 47 Amadeus VI. the Green Count 
 
 1343 
 
 32 Baharam VI. Choubeen — 
 
 590 
 
 4 Charilaus king of Sparta — 
 
 852 
 
 48 Amadeus VII. the Red — 
 
 1383 
 
 48 Bajazet I. Ottoman emperor — 
 
 1389 
 
 5 Charops, decennial archon — 
 
 752 
 
 48 Amadeus VIII. the Pacific — 
 
 1391 
 
 50 Bajazet II. — 
 
 1481 
 
 8 Chinaladamus king of Babylon 
 
 647 
 
 50 Amadeus IX. the Benevolent — 
 
 1465 
 
 37 Baldred king of Kent — 
 
 805 
 
 6 Chinzirus king of Babylon — 
 
 731 
 
 31 Amalric king of the Visigoths — 
 
 507 
 
 45 Baldwin I. Latin emperor — 
 
 1204 
 
 13 Cleombrotus I. king of Sparta 
 
 380 
 
 44 Amaurus I. king of Jerusalem — 
 
 1162 
 
 45 Baldwin II. — 
 
 1228 
 
 16 Cleombrotus II. — 
 
 244 
 
 44 Amaurus II. de Lusignan — 
 
 1197 
 
 42 Baldwin I. king of Jerusalem — 
 
 1100 
 
 10 Cleomenes I. king of Sparta — 
 
 520 
 
 35 Ambisa emir in Spain — 
 
 721 
 
 43 Baldwin II. — 
 
 1118 
 
 13 Cleomenes 11. — 
 
 370 
 
 37 Amin, Caliph — 
 
 809 
 
 43 Baldwin III. — 
 
 1144 
 
 16 Cleomenes III. — 
 
 236 
 
 48 Amurath I. Ottoman emperor — 
 
 1360 
 
 44 Baldwin IV. — 
 
 1173 
 
 18 Cleopatra queen of Syria — 
 
 125 
 
 49 Amurath II. — 
 
 1421 
 
 44 Baldwin V. — 
 
 1185 
 
 18 Cleopatra I. queen of Egypt — 
 
 117 
 
 52 Amurath III. emperor of Turkey 
 
 1574 
 
 35 Baleda emir in Spain — 
 
 741 
 
 19 Cleopatra II. — 
 
 81 
 
 53 Amurath IV. — 
 
 1623 
 
 38 Basil I. the Macedonian — 
 
 867 
 
 19 Cleopatra III. — 
 
 51 
 
 22 Anacletus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 78 
 
 40 Basil II. — 
 
 969 
 
 6 Clidicus decennial archon — 
 
 732 
 
 ! 30 Anastatius I. the Silentiary, em- 
 
 
 42 Bela I. king of Hungary — 
 
 1061 
 
 3 Codrus king of Athens — 
 
 1077 
 
 peror of the East — 
 
 491 
 
 43 Bela II — 
 
 1131 
 
 9 Croesus king of Lydia — 
 
 560 
 
 1 35 Anastatius II. — 
 
 713 
 
 44 Bela III. — 
 
 1174 
 
 8 Cyaxares king of Media — 
 
 634 
 
 } 28 Anastatius I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 398 
 
 45 Bela IV. — 
 
 1234 
 
 7 Cypselus king of Corinth — 
 
 655 
 
 30 Anastatius II. — 
 
 496 
 
 32 Benedict I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 574 
 
 9 Cyrus king of Persia — 
 
 559 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 I. 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 26 Caius Bishop of Rome — 283 
 
 21 Caligula, Roman emperor — 37 
 
 25 Calixtus I. Bi-hop of Koine — 219 
 
 43 Calixtus II. Pope — 1119 
 
 50 Calixtus III. — 1455 
 
 32 C'allinicus exarch of Ravenna — 597 
 
 41 Canute king of England — 1016 
 
 41 Canute II. king of Denmark — 1014 
 
 41 Canute III. — 1036 
 
 42 Canute IV. — 1080 
 
 43 Canute V. — 1147 
 
 44 Canute VI. the Pious — 1182 
 44 Canute king of Sweden — 1168 
 25 Caracalla, Roman emneror — 211 
 
 31 Cariaric king of the Suevi — 550 
 36 Carloman I king of France — 868 
 38 Carloman II. — 879 
 35 Carloman and Pepin, dukes of 
 
 Austrasia — 741 
 41 Casimir I. the Pacific, duke of 
 
 Poland — 1041 
 
 44 Casimir II. the Just — 1177 
 
 47 Casimir III. the Great, king — 1333 
 
 49 Casimir IV. — 1445 
 
 50 Catherine d'Albret queen of Na- 
 
 varre — 1483 
 
 55 Catherine I. empress of Russia 1725 
 
 56 Catherine II. — 1762 
 
 34 Ceadwal king of Wessex — 685 
 
 32 Ceawlin king of Wessex — 560 
 29 Celestine I. Bishop of Rome — 422 
 
 43 Celestine II. — 1143 
 
 44 Celestine III. — 1191 
 
 45 Celestine IV. — 1241 
 
 46 Celestine V. — 1294 
 37 Cenelm king of Mercia — 819 
 
 35 Cenred king of Mercia — 704 
 
 35 Cenred king of Northumbria — 716 
 
 34 Centwin king of Wessex — 676 
 
 36 Cenulf king of Mercia — 794 
 
 33 Cenwal king of Wessex — 643 
 
 35 Ceolred king of Mercia — 709 
 32 Ceolric king of Wessex — 591 
 
 32 Ceolwulf k ; ng of Wessex — 597 
 35 Ceolwulf king of Northumbria 729 
 
 37 Ceolwulf I. king of Mercia — 819 
 3S Ceolwulf II. — 874 
 
 33 Ceorl king of Mercia — 615 
 
 31 Cerdic king of Wessex — 519 
 
 32 Charibert I. king of Paris — 561 
 
 33 Charibert II. king of France — 630 
 
 35 Charles Martel duke of Austra- 
 
 sia — 715 
 
 36 Charlemagne emperor of the 
 
 We*t — 800 
 
 38 Charles II. the Bald — 875 
 38 Charles III. le Gros — 881 
 
 47 Charles IV. of Luxemburg em- 
 
 peror of Germany — 1347 
 
 51 Charles V. of Spain — 1519 
 
 54 Charles VI. — 1711 
 
 55 Charles VII. of Bavaria — 1742 
 47 Charles king of Bohemia — 1346 
 38 Charles king of Provence — 855 
 
 36 Charlemagne king of France — 768 
 
 37 Charles II. the Bald — 840 
 
 38 Charles III. the Simple — 893 
 
 47 Charles IV. le Bel — 1322 
 
 48 Charles V. the Wise — 13! 4 
 
 48 Charles VI. the Beloved — 1380 
 
 49 Charles VII. the Victorious — 1422 
 
 50 Charles VIII. _ 1483 
 
 52 Charles IX. the Bloody — 1560 
 57 Charles X. — 1824 
 50 Charles I. the Warrior, duke of 
 
 Savov — 1482 
 
 50 Charles' II. — 14S9 
 
 51 Charles III. the Good — 1504 
 
 52 Charles Emmanuel I. duke of 
 
 Savoy — 1580 
 
 53 Charles Emmanuel II. — 1638 
 
 N° 
 
 of 
 
 55 Charles Emmanuel III. kin 
 
 Sardinia — 
 
 56 Charles Emmanuel IV. — 
 
 57 Charles Felix — 
 57 Charles Albert — 
 47 Charles I. le Bel, king of Navarre 
 
 47 Charles II. the Bad — 
 
 48 Charles III. the Noble — 
 51 Charles I. king of Spain — 
 54 Charles II. — 
 56 Charles III. — 
 
 56 Charles IV. — 
 
 53 Charles I. king of England — 
 
 54 Charles 1 1. — 
 44 Charles VII. king of Sweden — 
 
 49 Charles VIII. — 
 
 53 Charles IX. — 
 
 54 Charles X. Gustavus — 
 54 Charles XI. — 
 
 54 Charles XII. — 
 
 57 Charles XIII. — 
 57 Charles John XIV. — 
 46 Charles I. of Anjou king of Sicily 
 46 Charles II. king of Naples sepa- 
 rated from Sicily — 
 
 48 Charles III. of Durazzo — 
 
 55 Charles IV. — 
 57 Charles Louis king of Etruria 
 46 Charobert king of Hungary — 
 
 31 Childehert I. king of Paris — 
 
 32 Childehert II. king of Metz — 
 34 Childehert III. king of Neustria 
 30 Childeric I. king of the Franks 
 
 34 Childeric II. king of Austrasia 
 
 35 Childeric III. king of Neustria 
 
 30 Chilperic king of Burgundy — 
 
 32 Chilperic I. king of Soissons — 
 35 Chilperic II. king of Neustria — 
 
 33 Chindaswind king of the Visi- 
 
 goths — 
 
 35 Chintilla king of the Visigoths 
 
 49 Christian I. king of Denmark — 
 51 Christian II. — 
 
 51 Christian III. — 
 
 52 Christian IV. — 
 
 54 Christian V. — 
 
 55 Christian VI. — 
 
 56 Christian VII. — 
 
 57 Christian VIII. — 
 
 53 Christina queen of Sweden — 
 39 Christopher emperor of the East 
 
 46 Christopher I. king of Denmark 
 
 47 Christopher II. — 
 49 Christopher III. king of Den- 
 mark and Sweden — 
 
 39 Christopher, Pope — 
 
 31 Cissa king of Sussex — 
 
 32 Clappa king of Bemicia — 
 
 21 Claudius, Koman emperor — 
 26 Claudius II. — 
 
 22 Clement I. Bishop of Rome — 
 41 Clement II. Pope — 
 44 Clement III. — 
 
 46 Clement IV. — 
 
 47 Clement V. — 
 47 Clement VI. — 
 
 51 Clement VII. — 
 
 52 Clement VIII. — 
 
 54 Clement IX. — 
 54 Clement X. — 
 54 Clement XI. — 
 54 Clement XII. — 
 56 Clement XIII. — 
 56 Clement XIV. — 
 32 Cleoph king of the Lombards — 
 29 Clodion king of the Franks — 
 
 31 Clodomir king of Orleans — 
 
 32 Clotaire king of France — 
 
 33 Clotaire II. — 
 
 31 Clotaire I. king of Soissons — 
 
 32 Clotaire II. — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1730 
 1796 
 1S21 
 1831 
 1322 
 1349 
 1387 
 1516 
 1665 
 1759 
 1788 
 1625 
 Ki60 
 1162 
 1448 
 1604 
 1634 
 1660 
 1697 
 1809 
 1818 
 1256 
 
 1285 
 1382 
 1735 
 1803 
 1300 
 511 
 575 
 695 
 45S 
 660 
 742 
 466 
 561 
 715 
 
 641 
 636 
 1418 
 1513 
 1534 
 1588 
 1670 
 1730 
 1766 
 1839 
 1633 
 928 
 1252 
 1320 
 
 1440 
 
 903 
 
 514 
 
 567 
 41 
 
 268 
 91 
 1046 
 1187 
 1265 
 1305 
 1342 
 1523 
 1592 
 1667 
 1670 
 1700 
 1730 
 1758 
 1769 
 
 573 
 
 427 
 
 511 
 
 558 
 
 613 
 
 511 
 
 584 
 
 N° 
 
 34 Clotaire III. king of Neustria — 
 30 Clovis I. king of France — 
 
 23 Clovis II. king of Burgundy and 
 
 Neustria — 
 
 34 Clovis III. — 
 
 42 Coloman king of Hungary — 
 
 24 Commodus, Roman emperor — 
 34 Conon, Pope — 
 39 Conrad I. king of Germany — 
 
 41 Conrad II. the Salique, emperor 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 43 Conrad III. — 
 45 Conrad IV. — 
 
 42 Conrad I. duke of Bohemia — 
 
 44 Conrad II. — 
 39 Conrad the Pacific, king of Bur- 
 gundy — 
 
 45 Conrad I. king of Sicily — 
 
 46 Conrad II. — 
 44 Conrad king of Jerusalem — 
 27 Constans I. Roman emperor — 
 33 Constans II. emperor of the East 
 27 Constantius I. Roman emperor 
 27 Constantius II. Koman emperor 
 27 Constantine I. the Great, Roman 
 
 emperor — 
 
 27 Constantine II. — 
 
 33 Constantine III. emperor of the 
 
 East — 
 
 34 Constantine IV. Pogonatus — 
 
 35 Constantine V. Coprunymus — 
 
 36 Constantine VI. — 
 39 Constantine VII. Porphyrogeni- 
 
 tus — 
 
 39 Constantine VIII. — 
 
 40 Constantine IX. — 
 
 41 Constantine X. Monomachus — 
 
 42 Constantine XI. Ducas — 
 42 Constantine XII. — 
 49 Constantine XIII. Paleologus — 
 
 38 Constantine II. king of Scotland 
 
 39 Constantine III. — 
 
 40 Constantine IV. — 
 
 35 Constantine, Pope — 
 
 36 Cornelius, Bishop of Rome — 
 
 32 Crida king of Mercia • — 
 40 Culen king of Scotland — 
 
 34 Cnnibert king of the Lombards 
 
 35 Cuthred king of Wessex — 
 
 36 Cuthred king of Kent — 
 
 33 Cynegils king ot Wessex — 
 36 Cynewulf king of Wessex — 
 31 Cynric king ot Wessex — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 656 
 
 481 
 
 3 David king of Israel — 
 10 Darius Hystaspes king of Persia 
 
 12 Darius Nothtis — 
 
 14 Darius Codomanus — 
 6 Deioces king of Media — 
 
 10 Demaratus king of Sparta — 
 
 15 Demetrius Poliorcetes king of 
 
 Asia 
 
 15 Demetrius Poliorcetes king of 
 
 Macedon — 
 
 16 Demetrius king of Macedon — 
 
 17 Demetrius Soter king ot Syria 
 
 18 Demetrius Nicator — 
 
 4 Diognetes, perpetual archon — 
 
 13 Dion tyrant of Syracuse — 
 
 12 Diony>ius tyrant of Syracuse — 
 
 13 Dionysius the younger — 
 4 Doryssus king of Sparta — 
 
 638 
 691 
 1095 
 180 
 686 
 911 
 
 1024 
 1138 
 1250 
 1092 
 1190 
 
 937 
 1250 
 1254 
 1192 
 337 
 641 
 305 
 337 
 
 306 
 337 
 
 641 
 668 
 741 
 780 
 
 911 
 919 
 9 9 
 1042 
 1059 
 1071 
 14 IS 
 863 
 904 
 994 
 708 
 251 
 586 
 965 
 6.S6 
 740 
 796 
 611 
 755 
 534 
 
 B.C. 
 
 1056 
 521 
 424 
 336 
 709 
 526 
 
 — 300 
 
 294 
 239 
 162 
 
 146 
 888 
 356 
 406 
 367 
 923 
 
 33 Dagobert I. king of France — 
 
 34 Dagobert II. king of Austras'a 
 
 35 Dagobert III. king of Neustria 
 28 Damasus I. Bishop of Rome — 
 41 Damasus II. Pope — 
 43 David 1. king of Scotland — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 62S 
 674 
 711 
 366 
 1048 
 1124 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 47 David II. king of Scotland — 
 
 25 Decius, Roman emperor — 
 36 Desiderius king of the Lombards 
 30 Dengizic king of the Huns — 
 
 33 Deusdedit, Pope — 
 
 26 Diocletian, Roman emperor — 
 46 Dionysius the Liberal, king of 
 
 Portugal — 
 
 26 Dionysius Bishop of Rome — 
 
 22 Domitian, Roman emperor — 
 
 34 Domnus I. Pope — 
 
 40 Domnus II. — - 
 38 Donal king of Scotland — 
 38 Donald III. king of Scotland — 
 42 Donald Bane king of Scotland — 
 
 41 Drogo count of Apulia — 
 
 40 Duff king of Scotland — 
 
 41 Duncan I. king of Scotland — 
 
 42 Duncan II. — 
 
 4 Echestratus king of Sparta — 
 
 4 Elah king of Israel — 
 
 15 Eleazar, High Priest — 
 
 11 Eliashib, High Priest — 
 
 4 Eudemus king of Corinth — 
 
 6 Esarhaddou king of Assyria — 
 
 6 Esimides, decennial arelion — 
 
 14 Eudamidas I. king of Sparta — 
 
 15 Eudamidas II. — 
 
 7 Erixias. decennial archon — 
 
 14 Eumelus king of Bosphorus — 
 
 15 Eumenes I king of Pergamu3 — 
 17 Eumenes II. — 
 
 6 Eurycrates I. king of Sparta — 
 
 8 Eurycrates II. — 
 
 16 Eurydamidas king of Sparta — 
 4 Eurypon king of Sparta — 
 4 Eurysthenes king of Sparta — 
 
 9 Evil-Merodach king of Babylon 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 35 
 
 sa 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 34 
 
 U 
 
 33 
 •id 
 42 
 38 
 39 
 41 
 41 
 
 42 
 39 
 31 
 47 
 4!) 
 39 
 
 40 
 41 
 40 
 47 
 •17 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 33 
 32 
 40 
 36 
 86 
 34 
 33 
 25 
 
 Eadbald king of Kent — 
 
 Eadbert king of Kent — 
 
 Eadhert king of Northumberland 
 Eanfrid king of Bemicia — 
 
 Eburic king of the Suevi — 
 
 Ecbert king of Kent — 
 
 Ecfrid king of Bemicia — 
 
 Edbert Pryn king of Kent — 
 Edilward king of Sussex — 
 
 Edgar king of England — 
 
 Edgar king of Scotland — 
 
 Edmund king of E. Anglia — 
 Edmund I. king of England — 
 Edmund II. Ironside — 
 
 Edmund I. Colbrenner king of 
 
 Sweden — 
 
 Edmund II. Slemme — 
 
 Edred king of England — 
 
 Edric king of Kent — 
 
 Edward count of Savoy — 
 
 Edward king of Portugal 
 Edward I. the Elder king 
 
 England 
 Edward II. the Martyr 
 Edward III. the Confessor 
 Edward I. king of England 
 Edward II. 
 Edward III. 
 Edward IV. 
 Edward V. 
 Edward VI. 
 Edwin king of Bernicia 
 Edwin king of Deira 
 Edwin king of England 
 Egbert king of VVessex 
 Egfrid king of Mercia 
 Egica king of the Visigoths 
 Egric king of E. Anglia 
 Elagabalus, Roman emperor 
 
 of 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1329 
 249 
 756 
 452 
 614 
 284 
 
 1279 
 
 259 
 
 81 
 
 676 
 
 974 
 
 893 
 
 859 
 
 1093 
 
 1046 
 
 961 
 
 1033 
 
 1094 
 
 B.C. 
 
 933 
 931 
 292 
 462 
 859 
 711 
 742 
 330 
 268 
 692 
 309 
 263 
 197 
 710 
 637 
 240 
 970 
 1044 
 561 
 
 A.D. 
 
 616 
 725 
 738 
 634 
 582 
 664 
 670 
 794 
 648 
 959 
 
 1098 
 855 
 941 
 
 1016 
 
 1026 
 1056 
 946 
 685 
 1323 
 1433 
 
 901 
 
 975 
 
 1042 
 
 1272 
 
 1307 
 
 1327 
 
 1461 
 
 1483 
 
 1547 
 
 617 
 
 590 
 
 955 
 
 800 
 
 794 
 
 687 
 
 632 
 
 218 
 
 N° 
 
 50 Eleanor queen of Navarre — ■ 
 33 Eleutherius exarch of Ravenna 
 
 24 Eleutherus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 52 Elizabeth queen of England — 
 
 55 Elizabeth empress of Russia — 
 
 30 Ella king of Sussex — 
 38 Ella king of Bernicia — 
 
 32 Ella king of Deira — 
 36 Elwald king of North nmbria — 
 
 44 Emeric king of Hungary — 
 52 Emmanuel Philibert duke of 
 
 Savoy 
 
 50 Emmanuel the Fortunate, king 
 of Portugal — 
 
 38 Eocha and Grigg, kings of Scot- 
 land — 
 
 33 Eoric king of East Anglia — 
 33 Ercenbert king of Kent — 
 
 31 Erchenwin king of Essex — 
 
 36 Erdulf I. king of Northumbria 
 
 37 Erdulf II. — 
 
 37 Eric I. king of Denmark — 
 
 38 Eric II. the Child — 
 
 42 Eric III. the Good 
 
 43 Eric IV. Harefoot — 
 43 Eric V. — 
 
 45 Eric VI. — 
 
 46 Eric VII. — 
 46 Eric VIII. — 
 48 Eric IX. — 
 43 Eric X. king of Sweden — 
 45 Eric XL — 
 45 Eric XII. le Begue — 
 
 48 Eric XIII. — 
 52 Eric XIV. — 
 
 31 Ermenric king of Kent — 
 57 Ernest Augustus king of Han- 
 over — 
 
 33 Erpwald king of E. Anglia — 
 
 34 Ervigio king of the Visigoths — 
 30 Esca king of Kent — 
 
 34 Escwin king of Wessex — 
 38 Ethelbald king of Wessex — 
 
 35 Ethelbald king of Mercia — 
 
 32 Ethelbert king of Kent — 
 
 35 Ethelbert king of Kent — 
 38 Ethelbert king of VVessex — 
 
 36 Ethelbert king of E. Anglia — 
 32 Ethelfrith king of Bernicia — 
 
 35 Ethelheard king of Wessex — 
 38 Ethelred king of Wessex — 
 34 Ethelred king of Mercia — 
 
 36 Ethelred king of E. Anglia — 
 36 Ethelred king of Northumbria 
 
 36 Ethelred king of Northumbria 
 40 Ethelred the Unready, king of 
 
 England — 
 
 34 Ethelric king of E. Anglia — 
 
 32 Ethelric king of Bernicia — 
 
 34 Ethelwald king of E. Anglia — 
 
 37 Ethelwulf king of Wessex — 
 
 38 Eudes king of France — 
 
 42 Eudocia empress of the East — 
 
 34 Eugenius I. Pope — 
 37 Eugenius II. — 
 
 43 Eugenius III. — 
 
 49 Eugenius IV. — 
 30 Euric king of the Visigoths — 
 27 Eusebius Bishop of Rome — 
 26 Eutychian Bishop of Rome — 
 
 35 Eutychius exarch of Ravenna — 
 22 Evaristus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1479 
 616 
 177 
 
 1558 
 
 1741 
 490 
 863 
 560 
 778 
 
 1196 
 
 — 1553 
 
 25 Fabianus Bishop of Rome — 
 56 Fatteh Ali Khan Shah of Persia 
 35 Favila king of Asturias — 
 52 Fedor I. Czar of Russia — 
 54 Fedor II. — 
 
 26 Felix I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 30 Felix II. — 
 
 31 Felix III. — 
 
 1495 
 
 882 
 
 890 
 
 640 
 
 530 
 
 795 
 
 810 
 
 850 
 
 854 
 
 1094 
 
 1135 
 
 1137 
 
 1241 
 
 1259 
 
 1286 
 
 1397 
 
 1150 
 
 1210 
 
 1223 
 
 1396 
 
 1560 
 
 542 
 
 1837 
 624 
 680 
 488 
 674 
 856 
 716 
 560 
 748 
 860 
 790 
 593 
 728 
 866 
 675 
 761 
 790 
 774 
 
 978 
 654 
 588 
 655 
 836 
 887 
 1068 
 654 
 824 
 1145 
 1431 
 466 
 310 
 275 
 711 
 100 
 
 236 
 
 1796 
 
 737 
 
 1584 
 
 1676 
 
 269 
 
 483 
 
 526 
 
 1217 
 1295 
 1474 
 1746 
 1814 
 1367 
 
 1458 
 1495 
 
 1759 
 
 1830 
 
 458 
 
 276 
 
 891 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 52 Ferdinand I. emperor of Ger- 
 
 many — 1558 
 
 53 Ferdinand II. — 1619 
 53 Ferdinand III. — 1637 
 57 Ferdinand IV. or I. emperor of 
 
 Austria — 1835 
 
 51 Ferdinand king of Hungary — 1527 
 49 Ferdinand 1. the Just, king of 
 
 Arragon — 1412 
 
 49 Ferdinand II. — 1479 
 
 41 Ferdinand I. king of Castile — 1035 
 
 44 Ferdinand II. king of Leon sepa- 
 
 rated from Castile — 1157 
 
 45 Ferdinand III. the Saint, king of 
 
 Castile — 
 
 46 Ferdinand IV. — 
 
 49 Ferdinand V. — 
 
 55 Ferdinand VI. king of Spain — 
 57 Ferdinand VII. 
 
 48 Ferdinand king of Portugal — 
 
 50 Ferdinand I. the Bastard, king 
 
 of Naples — 
 
 50 Ferdinand II. — 
 
 56 Ferdinand I. king of Naples 
 
 — Modern — 
 
 57 Ferdinand II. — 
 30 Firoze king of Persia 
 26 Florian, Roman emperor — 
 
 38 Formosus, Pope — 
 
 55 Francis I. of Lorraine, emperor 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 56 Francis II. emperor of Germany 
 
 57 -emperor of Austria 
 
 51 Francis I. king of France — 
 
 52 Francis II. 
 
 53 Francis Hyacinth duke of Savoy 
 
 50 Francis Phoebus king of Navarre 
 57 Francis I. king of Naples — 
 
 44 Frederic I. Barbarossa, emperor 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 45 Frederic II. — 
 
 47 Frederic III. — 
 
 49 Frederic IV. — 
 44 Frederic duke of Bohemia — 
 
 54 Frederic Augustus king of Po- 
 
 land — 
 
 53 Frederic I. William the Great, 
 
 duke of Prussia — 
 
 54 Frederic II. — 
 
 55 Frederic I. king of Prussia — 
 55 Frederic II. — 
 
 55 Frederic William I. king of 
 
 Prussia — 
 
 56 Frederic William II. — 
 
 56 Frederic William III. — 
 
 57 Frederic William IV. — 
 53 Frederic Henry prince of Orange 
 
 51 Frederic I. king of Denmark — 
 
 52 Frederic II. — 
 
 53 Frederic III. — 
 
 54 Frederic IV. — 
 
 55 Frederic V. ■ — 
 57 Frederic VI. 
 
 55 Frederic king of Sweden — 
 44 Frederic I. king of Sicily — 
 
 46 Frederic II. 
 
 48 Frederic III. the Simple 
 
 50 Frederic king of Naples — 
 57 Frederic II. kingofWurtemburg 
 57 Frederic Augustus III. king of 
 
 Saxony — 
 
 57 Frederic Augustus IV. — 
 
 32 Freodwulf king of Bernicia — 
 
 36 Froila I. king of Oviedo — 
 
 39 Froila II. king of Leon — 
 30 Frumarius king of the Suevi — 
 43 Fulke king of Jerusalem — 
 
 11 Gelon tyrant of Syracuse — 485 
 6 Gyges king of Lydia — 716 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 A. D. 
 
 K° 
 
 B.C. 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 22 Galba Roman emperor — 
 
 68 
 
 6 Hagisa king of Babylon — 
 
 703 
 
 43 Honorius II. Pope — 
 
 1124 
 
 27 Galerius Roman emperor — ■ 
 
 305 
 
 20 Herod king of Judea ■ — • 
 
 40 
 
 45 Honorius III. — 
 
 1216 
 
 26 Gallienus Roman emperor — 
 
 . 251 
 
 6 Hezekiah king of Judah — 
 
 726 
 
 46 Honorius IV. — 
 
 1285 
 
 26 Gallus Roman emperor — 
 
 251 
 
 11 Hiero I. tyrant of Syracuse — ■ 
 
 478 
 
 26 Hoormuz I. king of Persia — 
 
 271 
 
 39 Garcia king of Ov'iedo — 
 
 910 
 
 15 Hiero II. king of Syracuse — 
 
 270 
 
 27 Hoormuz II. — 
 
 303 
 
 39 Garcia I. king of Navarre ■ — 
 
 926 
 
 16 Hieronymous king of Syracuse 
 
 216 
 
 30 Hoormuz III. — 
 
 456 
 
 40 Garcia II. — 
 
 994 
 
 13 Hipparinus tyrant of Syracuse 
 
 352 
 
 32 Hoormuz IV. — 
 
 579 
 
 41 Garcia III. — 
 
 1035 
 
 3 Hippothus the Heracleid — 
 
 1104 
 
 31 Hornrsdas Bishop of Rome — 
 
 514 
 
 43 Garcia IV. Ramirez — 
 
 1134 
 
 6 Hippomenes decennial archon — 
 
 722 
 
 39 Hugh king of Italy — 
 
 926 
 
 41 Gehwar ben Mahomed king of 
 
 
 6 Hoshea king of Israel • — 
 
 729 
 
 40 Hugh Capet king of France — 
 
 987 
 
 Cordova — 
 
 1031 
 
 18 Hyrcanus I. High Priest — 
 
 135 
 
 41 Humbert I. White Hand, count 
 
 
 42 Geisa I. king of Hungary — 
 
 1075 
 
 19 Hyrcanus II. High Priest — 
 
 78 
 
 ofMaurienne — ■ 
 
 1027 
 
 43 Geisa II. — 
 30 Gelasius I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 1141 
 492 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 42 Humbert II. le Renforce. — 
 
 43 Humbert III. the Saint, count of 
 
 1072 
 
 
 43 Gelasius II. Pope — 
 
 1118 
 
 36 Hadi, Caliph — 
 
 784 
 
 Savoy • — 
 
 1148 
 
 31 Gelimer king of the Vandals — 
 
 530 
 
 23 Hadrian Roman Emperor — 
 
 117 
 
 42 Humphrey count of Apulia — 
 
 1051 
 
 29 Genseric king of the Vandals — 
 
 429 
 
 42 Halstan king of Sweden — 
 
 1066 
 
 30 Hunderic king of the Vandals — 
 
 477 
 
 53 George WiLiam duke of Prussia 
 
 1619 
 
 37 Harald I. king of Denmark — 
 
 813 
 
 54 Hussein emperor of Turkey — 
 
 1694 
 
 50 George Podiebrad king of Bohe- 
 
 
 39 Harald II. Blue Tooth — 
 
 935 
 
 23 Hyginus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 139 
 
 mia — 
 55 George I. king of Great Britain 
 
 1458 
 1714 
 
 42 Harald III. the Simple — 
 41 Hardicanute king of England — 
 
 1077 
 1040 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 
 55 George II. — 
 
 1727 
 
 41 Harold I. Harefoot king of Eng- 
 
 
 9 Ilvarodamus king of Babylon — 
 
 561 
 
 56 George III. — 
 
 1760 
 
 land — 
 
 1035 
 
 3 Ixion king of Corinth — 
 
 1034 
 
 57 George IV. — 
 57 George William II. king of Ha- 
 
 1820 
 
 42 Harold II. — 
 36 Haroun al Raschid, Caliph — 
 
 1066 
 786 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 
 nover — ■ 
 
 1814 
 
 34 Hasan, Caliph — 
 
 661 
 
 35 Ibrahim, Caliph — 
 
 744 
 
 57 George Augustus 1 1, king of Ha- 
 
 
 34 Hashem, Caliph — 
 
 724 
 
 53 Ibrahim emperor of Turkey — 
 
 1640 
 
 nover — 
 
 1820 
 
 37 Hashem I. king of Cordova — 
 
 788 
 
 31 Ida king of Bernicia — 
 
 547 
 
 31 Gesalric king of the Visigoths — 
 
 507 
 
 40 Hashem II. — 
 
 976 
 
 34 Ina king of Wessex — 
 
 68S 
 
 25 Geta Roman emperor — 
 
 211 
 
 41 Hashem III. — 
 
 1026 
 
 40 Indulf king of Scotland — 
 
 953 
 
 30 Glycerius emperor of the West 
 
 473 
 
 48 Hedwig queen of Poland — 
 
 1385 
 
 38 Ingwar the Dane, king of Ber- 
 
 
 42 Godfrey of Bouillon king of 
 
 
 30 Hengist king of Kent — 
 
 455 
 
 nicia — 
 
 867 
 
 Jerusalem — 
 
 1099 
 
 45 Henry Latin emperor — 
 
 1206 
 
 42 Ingo I. the Good, king of Sweden 
 
 1090 
 
 30 Gondebaud king of the Bur- 
 
 
 39 Henry I. the Fowler, king of 
 
 
 43 Ingo II. — 
 
 1118 
 
 gundians — 
 
 491 
 
 Germany — - 
 
 918 
 
 29 Innocent I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 402 
 
 31 Gondemar king of the Burgun- 
 
 
 41 Henry II. the Lame, emperor 
 
 
 43 Innocent II. Pope — 
 
 1130 
 
 dians — 
 
 523 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 1002 
 
 44 Innocent III. — 
 
 1198 
 
 33 Gondemar king of the Visigoths 
 
 610 
 
 41 Henry III. the Black — 
 
 1039 
 
 45 Innocent IV. — 
 
 1243 
 
 34 Gondibert king of the Lombards 
 
 661 
 
 42 Henry IV. — 
 
 1056 
 
 46 Innocent V. — 
 
 1276 
 
 32 Gontran king of Orleans — 
 
 561 
 
 43 Henry V. — 
 
 1106 
 
 48 Innocent VI. 
 
 1352 
 
 25 Gordians, Two, — Roman em- 
 
 
 44 Henry VL. Asper — 
 
 1190 
 
 49 Innocent VII. — 
 
 1404 
 
 perors — i 
 
 237 
 
 47 Henry VII. of Luxemburg — 
 
 1308 
 
 50 Innocent VIII. — 
 
 1484 
 
 25 Gordiai^jun^Ronran emperor 
 
 238 
 
 44 Henry Bretislas duke of Bohemia 
 
 1193 
 
 52 Innocent IX. — 
 
 1591 
 
 38 Gorm the Old, king of Denmark 
 
 883 
 
 47 Henry king of Bohemia — 
 
 1306 
 
 53 Innocent X. — 
 
 1644 
 
 21 Gotarzes king of Parthia — 
 
 47 
 
 52 Henry of Valois king of Poland 
 
 1574 
 
 54 Innocent XL — 
 
 1676 
 
 28 Gratian Roman Emperor — 
 
 370 
 
 41 Henry I. king of France — 
 
 1031 
 
 54 Innocent XII. — 
 
 1691 
 
 34 Gregory exarch of Ravenna — 
 
 666 
 
 51 Henry II. — 
 
 1547 
 
 55 Innocent XIII. — 
 
 1721 
 
 32 Gregory I. the Great, Pope — 
 
 590 
 
 52 Henry III. — 
 
 1572 
 
 36 Irene empress of the East — 
 
 780 
 
 35 Gregory II. — • 
 
 715 
 
 52 Henry IV. the Great — 
 
 1589 
 
 33 Isaac exarch of Ravenna — 
 
 619 
 
 35 Gregory III. — 
 
 731 
 
 46 Henry I. Crassus king of Navarre 
 
 1270 
 
 42 Isaac I. Comnenus, emperor of 
 
 
 37 Gregory IV. — 
 
 827 
 
 51 Henry II. king of Lower Navarre 
 
 1516 
 
 the East — 
 
 1057 
 
 40 Gregory V. — 
 
 996 
 
 52 Henry III. — 
 
 1574 
 
 44 Isaac II. Angelus — 
 
 1185 
 
 41 Gregory VI. — 
 
 1044 
 
 45 Henry I. king of Castile — 
 
 1214 
 
 50 Isabella I. queen of Castile — 
 
 1474 
 
 42 Gregory VII. Hildebrand — 
 
 1073 
 
 48 Henry II. the Bastard — 
 
 1368 
 
 57 Isabella II. queen of Spain — 
 
 1833 
 
 44 Gregory VIII. — 
 
 1187 
 
 48 Henry III. — 
 
 1390 
 
 47 Ismail I. king of Granada — 
 
 1313 
 
 45 Gregory IX. — 
 
 1227 
 
 50 Henry IV. the Impotent — 
 
 1454 
 
 48 Ismail II. — 
 
 1359 
 
 46 Gregory X. ■ — 
 
 1271 
 
 42 Henry of Burgundy, count of 
 
 
 51 Ismail I. Shah of Persia — 
 
 1502 
 
 48 Gregory XI. — 
 
 1370 
 
 Portugal — 
 
 1094 
 
 52 Ismail II. Meerza — 
 
 1576 
 
 49 Gregory XII. — 
 
 1406 
 
 52 Henry the Cardinal, king of 
 
 
 51 Ivan IV. Czar of Russia — 
 
 1533 
 
 52 Gregory XIII. — 
 
 1572 
 
 Portugal — 
 
 1578 
 
 54 Ivan V. — 
 
 1682 
 
 52 Gregory XIV. — 
 
 1590 
 
 42 Henry I. king of England — 
 
 1100 
 
 55 Ivan VI. — 
 
 1740 
 
 53 Gregory XV. — 
 57 Gregory XVI. — 
 
 1621 
 1831 
 
 44 Henry II. — 
 
 45 Henry III. — 
 
 1154 
 1216 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 
 34 Grimoald king of the Lombards 
 
 662 
 
 48 Henry IV. — 
 
 1399 
 
 17 Jason High Priest — 
 
 175 
 
 30 Gundamund king of the Vandals 
 
 484 
 
 49 Henry V. « — 
 
 1413 
 
 4 Jehoahaz king of Israel — 
 
 855 
 
 29 Gunderic king of the Vandals — 
 
 406 
 
 49 Henry VI. — 
 
 1422 
 
 8 Jehoahaz king of Judah — 
 
 609 
 
 29 Gunderic king of the Burguu- 
 
 
 50 Henry VII. — 
 
 1485 
 
 4 Jehoash king of Israel — 
 
 839 
 
 dians — 
 
 436 
 
 51 Henry VIII. — 
 
 1509 
 
 8 Jehoiakim king of Judah — 
 
 609 
 
 29 Gundicar king of the Burgun- 
 
 
 44 Henry king of Sicily — 
 
 1194 
 
 9 Jehoiakin king of Judah — 
 
 598 
 
 dians — 
 
 413 
 
 44 Henry king of Jerusalem — 
 
 1192 
 
 4 Jehoram king of Judah — 
 
 891 
 
 51 Gustavus I. Vasa king of Sweden 
 
 1523 
 
 32 Heodwulf king of Bernicia — 
 
 572 
 
 4 Jehoshaphat king of Judah — 
 
 915 
 
 58 Gustavus II. AUolphus — 
 
 1611 
 
 33 Heraclius emperor of the East 
 
 610 
 
 4 Jehu king of Israel — 
 
 883 
 
 56 Gustavus III. — 
 
 1771 
 
 29 Hermenric king of the Suevi — 
 
 409 
 
 4 Jeroboam I. king of Israel — ■ 
 
 976 
 
 56 Gustavus IV. — 
 
 1792 
 
 30 Hermisdas king of the Huns — 
 
 453 
 
 4 Jeroboam II. — 
 
 823 
 
 38 Guthred the Dane, king of Deira 
 
 878 
 
 30 Hilary Bishop of Rome — 
 
 461 
 
 10 Jeshua High Priest — 
 
 536 
 
 38 Guthrum the Dane, king of E. 
 
 
 35 Hildebrand king of the Lombards 
 
 744 
 
 4 Joash king of Judah — 
 
 877 
 
 Anglia — 
 
 870 
 
 31 Hilderic king of the Vandals — 
 
 523 
 
 11 Joiachim High Priest — 
 
 480 
 
 38 Guy king of Italy — 
 
 889 
 
 35 Hodaifa emir in Spain — 
 
 728 
 
 12 Joiada High Priest — 
 
 441 
 
 38 crowned emperor — 
 
 891 
 
 35 Hodeira emir in Spain — 
 
 725 
 
 13 Jonathan I. High Priest — 
 
 397 
 
 44 Guy de Lusignan king of Jeru- 
 
 
 28 H onorius emperor of the West — 
 
 395 
 
 17 Jonathan II. — 
 
 152 
 
 salem — 
 
 1186 
 
 33 Honorius I. Pope — 
 
 625 
 
 4 Joram king of Israel — 
 
 895 
 
I. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 
 
 ExMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 I 
 
 N° 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N° 
 
 A. D. 
 
 8 Josiah king of Judah 
 
 — 
 
 640 
 
 40 John XII. Pope — 
 
 956 
 
 30 Leo II. emperor of the East — 
 
 474 
 
 5 Jotham king of Judah 
 
 — 
 
 756 
 
 40 John XIII. — 
 
 965 
 
 35 Leo III. the Isaurian — 
 
 718 
 
 17 Judas Maccabeus High Priest 
 
 — 
 
 162 
 
 40 John XIV. — 
 
 983 
 
 36 Leo IV. — 
 
 775 
 
 6 Jugaens king of Babylon 
 
 — 
 
 726 
 
 40 John XV. — 
 
 984 
 
 37 Leo V. the Armenian — 
 
 813 
 
 18 Jugurtha king of Numidia 
 
 — 
 
 118 
 
 40 John XVI. — 
 
 985 
 
 38 Leo VI. the Philosopher — 
 
 886 
 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 41 John XVII. — 
 41 John XVIII. — 
 
 1003 
 1003 
 
 29 Leo I. the Great, Bishop of 
 Rome — 
 
 440 
 
 
 56 Jaffier Khan Shah of Persia 
 
 — 
 
 1785 
 
 41 John XIX. — 
 
 1024 
 
 34 Leo II. Pope — 
 
 682 
 
 45 James I. the Conqueror, king 
 
 of 
 
 
 46 John XX. or XXI. — 
 
 1276 
 
 36 Leo III. — 
 
 795 
 
 Arragon 
 
 — 
 
 1213 
 
 47 John XXII. — 
 
 1316 
 
 37 Leo IV. — 
 
 847 
 
 46 James II. the Just 
 
 . — 
 
 1291 
 
 49 John XXIII. — 
 
 1410 
 
 39 Leo V. _ 
 
 903 
 
 49 James I. king of Scotland 
 
 — 
 
 1406 
 
 55 Joseph I. emperor of Germany 
 
 1705 
 
 39 Leo VI. — 
 
 928 
 
 49 James II. 
 
 — 
 
 1437 
 
 56 Joseph II. — 
 
 1765 
 
 39 Leo VII. — 
 
 936 
 
 50 James III. 
 
 — 
 
 1460 
 
 57 Joseph Napoleon king of Naples 
 
 1806 
 
 40 Leo VIII. — 
 
 963 
 
 50 James IV. 
 
 — 
 
 1488 
 
 57 Joseph Napoleon king of Spain 
 
 1806 
 
 41 Leo IX. — 
 
 1048 
 
 51 James V. 
 
 — 
 
 1513 
 
 55 Joseph king of Portugal — 
 
 1750 
 
 51 LeoX. — 
 
 1513 
 
 52 James VI. 
 
 — 
 
 1567 
 
 49 Jossus emperor of Germany — 
 
 1410 
 
 53 Leo XL — 
 
 1605 
 
 53 James 1. king of England 
 
 — 
 
 1603 
 
 28 Jovian Roman emperor — 
 
 363 
 
 57 Leo XII. — 
 
 1823 
 
 54 James II. 
 
 ■ — 
 
 1685 
 
 24 Julian I. Roman emperor — 
 
 193 
 
 34 Leontius emperor of the East — 
 
 695 
 
 46 James king of Sicily 
 
 — 
 
 1-285 
 
 28 Julian II. the Apostate — 
 
 361 
 
 54 Leopold I. emperor of Germany 
 
 1658 
 
 41 Jaromir duke of Bohemia 
 
 — 
 
 1002 
 
 27 Julius I. Bishop of Rome ■ — 
 
 237 
 
 56 Leopold II. — 
 
 1790 
 
 57 Joachim Murat king of Naples 
 
 1808 
 
 51 Julius II. Pope 
 
 1503 
 
 57 Leopold of Saxe Coburg king of 
 
 
 46 Joanna I. queen of Navarre 
 
 — 
 
 1274 
 
 51 Julius III. — 
 
 1550 
 
 Belgium — 
 
 1831 
 
 47 Joanna II. 
 
 — 
 
 1328 
 
 30 Julius Nepos emperor of the 
 
 
 32 Leovigild kin? of the Visigoths 
 
 572 
 
 47 Joanna I. queen of Naples 
 
 — 
 
 1343 
 
 West — 
 
 474 
 
 38 Lesko IV. duke of Poland — 
 
 892 
 
 49 Joanna II. of Bourbon 
 
 
 1414 
 
 31 Justin I. the Thracian emperor 
 
 
 44 Lesko V. the White — 
 
 1194 
 
 33 Johannes I. Lemigius exarcli 
 
 <i 
 
 
 of the East — 
 
 . 518 
 
 46 Lesko VI. the Black — 
 
 1279 
 
 Ravenna 
 
 — 
 
 611 
 
 32 Justin 11. — 
 
 565 
 
 28 Liberius Bishop of Rome — 
 
 352 
 
 34 Johannes II. Platon 
 
 — 
 
 687 
 
 31 Justinian I. emperor of the East 
 
 527 
 
 27 Licinius Koman emperor — 
 
 307 
 
 35 Johannes III. Rizocopius 
 
 — 
 
 710 
 
 34 Justinian II. — 
 
 6S5 
 
 22 Linus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 06 
 
 40 John Zimisces emperor of the 
 East — 
 
 969 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 35 Liutprand king of the Lombards 
 32 Liuva I. king ol the Visigoths 
 
 712 
 567 
 
 
 43 John Comnenus 
 
 — 
 
 1118 
 
 39 Kaker, Caliph — 
 
 932 
 
 33 Liuva II. — 
 
 601 
 
 45 John Ducas Vataces 
 
 — 
 
 1222 
 
 37 Kenneth 11. Mac Alpine, king 
 
 
 32 Longinus exarch of Ravenna — 
 
 568 
 
 46 John Lascaris 
 
 
 
 1259 
 
 of Scotland — 
 
 843 
 
 56 Looft Ali Khan Shah of Persia 
 
 1789 
 
 47 John Paleologus I. 
 
 — 
 
 1341 
 
 40 Kenneth III. — 
 
 970 
 
 37 Lothaire I. emperor of the West 
 
 840 
 
 47 John Cantacuzene 
 
 , — 
 
 1347 
 
 40 Kenneth IV. the Grim — 
 
 995 
 
 43 Lothaire 11. the Saxon, emperor 
 
 
 49 John Paleologus II. 
 
 — 
 
 1425 
 
 23 Khosrou king of Parthia — 
 
 106 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 1125 
 
 47 John of Luxemburg king 
 
 of 
 
 
 32 Khosrou Purvez king of Persia 
 
 591 
 
 39 Lothaire king of Italy — 
 
 91.-) 
 
 Bohemia 
 
 — 
 
 1310 
 
 30 Kobad king of Persia — 
 
 488 
 
 40 Lothaire king of Fiance — 
 
 954 
 
 51 John Zapolski king of Hun- 
 
 
 56 Kureem Khan Shah of Persia — 
 
 1753 
 
 34 Lother king of K nt — 
 
 673 
 
 gary 
 50 John I. Albert king of Polan< 
 
 — 
 
 1526 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 37 Louis I. le Debonnaire, emperor 
 
 
 1— 
 
 1402 
 
 
 of the West — 
 
 814 
 
 53 John II. Casimir 
 
 — 
 
 1648 
 
 9 Laborosoarchod king of Babylon 
 
 556 
 
 38 Louis II. le Jenne — 
 
 855 
 
 54 John III. Sobieski 
 
 — 
 
 1674 
 
 4 Labotas king of Sparta — 
 
 954 
 
 37 Louis I. king of Germany — 
 
 843 
 
 53 John Sigismund duke cf Prussia 
 
 1618 
 
 6 Leocrates decennial archon — 
 
 712 
 
 38 Louis II. — 
 
 876 
 
 47 John I. king of France 
 
 — 
 
 1316 
 
 8 Leon king of Sparta — 
 
 603 
 
 38 Louis III. — 
 
 899 
 
 47 John II. the Good 
 
 — 
 
 1350 
 
 11 Leonidas I. king of Sparta — 
 
 491 
 
 47 Louis IV. emperor of Germany 
 
 1314 
 
 48 John I. king of Arragon 
 
 — 
 
 1387 
 
 15 Leonidas II. — 
 
 256 
 
 47 Louis I. the Great, king of Hun- 
 
 
 50 John 11. 
 
 — 
 
 1458 
 
 1 1 Leotychides king of Sparta — 
 
 491 
 
 gary — 
 
 1342 
 
 47 John I. king of Navarre 
 
 — 
 
 1316 
 
 13 Leucon king of Bosphorus — 
 
 393 
 
 51 Louis II. — 
 
 1516 
 
 49 John II. 
 
 — 
 
 M25 
 
 16 Lycurgus king of Sparta — 
 
 219 
 
 48 Louis king of Poland — 
 
 1370 
 
 50 John III. d'AIbret 
 
 — 
 
 1483 
 
 14 Lysimachus king of Thrace — 
 
 323 
 
 38 Louis the Blind king of Provence 
 
 890 
 
 48 John I. king of Castile 
 
 — 
 
 1379 
 
 15 Lysimachus king of Macedon — 
 
 287 
 
 38 Louis the Blind king of Italy — 
 
 900 
 
 49 John II. 
 
 — 
 
 1406 
 
 
 A D. 
 
 39 crowned emperor — 
 
 901 
 
 48 John I. the Great, king of Por- 
 
 
 
 37 Louis I. le Debonnaire king of 
 
 
 tugal 
 
 — 
 
 1383 
 
 42 Ladislas I. king of Hung iry — 
 
 1077 
 
 France — 
 
 814 
 
 50 John II. the Perfect 
 
 — 
 
 1481 
 
 45 Ladislas II. — 
 
 1204 
 
 3S Louis II. le Begue — 
 
 877 
 
 51 John III. 
 
 — 
 
 1521 
 
 46 Ladislas III. — 
 
 1272 
 
 38 Louis III. — 
 
 879 
 
 53 John IV. 
 
 
 
 1640 
 
 49 Ladislas IV. — 
 
 1440 
 
 39 Louis IV. the Stranger — 
 
 926 
 
 55 John V. 
 
 — 
 
 1706 
 
 50 Ladislas V. — 
 
 1453 
 
 40 Louis V. le Faineant — 
 
 986 
 
 57 John VI. 
 
 — 
 
 1816 
 
 50 Ladislas VI. — 
 
 1490 
 
 43 Louis VI. le Gros — 
 
 1108 
 
 44 John king of England 
 
 
 
 1199 
 
 43 Ladislas II. duke of Bohemia — 
 
 1109 
 
 43 Louis VII. le Jeune — 
 
 1137 
 
 46 John Baliol king of Scotland 
 
 — 
 
 1292 
 
 43 Ladislas III. king of Bohemia — 
 
 1140 
 
 45 Louis VIII. the Lion — 
 
 1223 
 
 50 John king of Denmark 
 
 — 
 
 1481 
 
 44 Ladislas IV. duke - 
 
 1196 
 
 45 Louis IX. the Saint — 
 
 1226 
 
 45 John I. king of Sweden 
 
 — 
 
 1220 
 
 49 Ladislas V. king — 
 
 1440 
 
 47 Louis X. Hutin — 
 
 1314 
 
 50 John II. 
 
 — 
 
 1483 
 
 50 Ladislas VI. — 
 
 1471 
 
 50 Louis XL — 
 
 1464 
 
 52 John III. 
 
 — 
 
 1568 
 
 42 Ladislas II. the Careless, duke 
 
 
 50 Louis XII. of Orleans — 
 
 1498 
 
 45 John de Brienne king of Jeru- 
 
 
 of Poland — 
 
 1081 
 
 53 Louis XIII. the Just — 
 
 1610 
 
 salem 
 
 — 
 
 1210 
 
 43 Ladislas HI. king of Poland — 
 
 1138 
 
 53 Louis XIV. le Grand — 
 
 1643 
 
 31 John I. Bishop of Rome 
 
 — 
 
 523 
 
 46 Ladislas IV. the Short, duke — 
 
 1296 
 
 55 Louis XV. — 
 
 1715 
 
 31 John II. 
 
 — 
 
 533 
 
 47 Ladislas IV. king — 
 
 1320 
 
 56 Louis XVI. — 
 
 1774 
 
 32 John III. 
 
 — 
 
 560 
 
 48 Ladislas V. Jagello — 
 
 13S5 
 
 57 Louis XVIII. — 
 
 1814 
 
 33 John IV. Pope 
 
 — 
 
 640 
 
 49 Ladislas VI. — 
 
 1434 
 
 57 Louis Philipe — 
 
 1830 
 
 34 John V. 
 
 — 
 
 685 
 
 53 Ladislas VII. Vasa — 
 
 1632 
 
 47 Louis Hutin king of Navarre — 
 
 1305 
 
 35 John VI 
 
 — 
 
 701 
 
 46 Ladislas king of Sweden — 
 
 1279 
 
 55 Louis king of Spain — 
 
 1724 
 
 35 John VII. 
 
 — 
 
 705 
 
 48 Ladislas king of Naples — 
 
 1386 
 
 47 Louis king of Sicily — 
 
 1342 
 
 38 John VIII. 
 
 
 
 872 
 
 38 Lambert king of Italy — 
 
 894 
 
 57 Louis king of Etruria — 
 
 1801 
 
 38 John IX. 
 
 — 
 
 898 
 
 39 Lando, Pope — 
 
 913 
 
 57 Louis Napoleon king of Holland 
 
 1806 
 
 39 John X. 
 
 — 
 
 914 
 
 30 Leo I. the Thracian emperor of 
 
 
 50 Louis Charles king of Bavaria, 
 
 1825 
 
 39 John XI. 
 
 — 
 
 931 
 
 the East — 
 
 457 
 
 24 Lucius Verus Roman emperor — 
 
 161 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 I. 
 
 EMPERORS- KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 26 Lucius I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 43 Lucius II. Pope — 
 
 44 Lucius III. — 
 37 Ludecan king of Mercia — 
 34 Luitpert king of the Lombards 
 42 Lulach king of Scotland — 
 
 16 Machanides tyrant of Sparta — 
 7 Manasseh king of Judah — 
 
 15 Manasses High Priest — 
 
 6 Mardocempadus king of Baby- 
 
 lon — 
 
 16 Masinissa king of Numidia — 
 
 3 Medon perpetual archon — 
 
 14 Megacles perpetual archon — 
 
 15 Melanthus king of Athens — 
 5 Meleager king of Macedon — 
 
 4 Menahem king of Israel — 
 
 17 Menelaus High Priest — 
 
 7 Mesesimordachus king of Babylon 
 
 18 Micipsa king of Numidia — 
 
 16 Mithridates IV. king of Pontus 
 
 17 Mithridates V. — 
 
 18 Mithridates VI. — 
 
 17 Mithridates I. king of Parthia 
 
 18 Mithridates II. — 
 
 19 Mithridates III. — 
 
 41 Macbeth king of Scotland — 
 25 Macrinus Roman emperor — 
 41 Magnus the Good, king of Den- 
 mark — 
 
 46 Magnus I. king of Sweden — 
 
 47 Magnus II. — 
 
 49 Mahomed I. Ottoman emperor 
 
 50 Mahomed II. — 
 
 52 Mahomed III. — 
 
 53 Mahomed IV. — 
 55 Mahmood I. Ottoman emperor 
 57 Mahmood II. — 
 33 Mahomed, 'the Prophet* — 
 35 Mahomed emir in Spain — 
 
 38 Mahomed I king of Cordova — 
 41 Mahomed II. — 
 
 41 Mahomed I. ben Gehwar king of 
 
 Cordova — 
 
 42 Mahomed II. Altnoateded — 
 42 Mahomed III. Ahnostadir — 
 
 44 Mahomed Alnassar, dynasty of 
 
 the Almohades — 
 
 45 Mahomed I. king of Granada — 
 
 46 Mahomed II. — 
 
 47 Mahomed III. — 
 
 47 Mahomed IV. — 
 
 48 Mahomed V. — 
 
 48 Mahomed VI. — 
 
 49 Mahomed VII. — 
 49 Mahomed VIII. — 
 
 49 Mahomed IX. — 
 
 50 Mahomed X. — 
 52 Mahomed Meerza Shah of Persia 
 55 Mahmood Shah of Persia — 
 57 IWahomed Shah of Persia — 
 30 Majorian emperor of the West 
 
 39 Malcolm I. king of Scotland — 
 
 41 Malcolm II. — 
 
 42 Malcolm III. Canmore — 
 44 Malcolm IV. — 
 30 Maldras king of the Suevi — 
 37 Mamun, Caliph — 
 46 Manfred king of Sicily — 
 
 43 Manuel I. Comnenus emperor of 
 
 the East — 
 
 48 Manuel II. Paleologus — 
 
 26 Marcellinus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 27 Marcellus I. Bishop of Rome — 
 52 Marcellus II. Pope — 
 29 Marcian emperor of the East — 
 27 Marcus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 252 
 
 1144 
 
 1181 
 
 823 
 
 700 
 
 1056 
 
 B.C. 
 
 210 
 
 677 
 260 
 
 721 
 203 
 
 1145 
 916 
 
 1104 
 280 
 770 
 172 
 692 
 148 
 240 
 156 
 120 
 164 
 125 
 61 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1039 
 
 217 
 
 1042 
 
 1279 
 
 1320 
 
 1413 
 
 1451 
 
 1595 
 
 1649 
 
 1730 
 
 1808 
 
 622 
 
 729 
 
 852 
 
 1009 
 
 1044 
 1060 
 1069 
 
 1199 
 1238 
 1273 
 1302 
 1325 
 1354 
 1396 
 1423 
 1427 
 1445 
 1474 
 1577 
 1722 
 1834 
 457 
 944 
 1003 
 1057 
 1153 
 457 
 813 
 1258 
 
 1143 
 139 
 296 
 308 
 
 1555 
 450 
 336 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 24 Marcus Aurelius Roman emperor 161 
 
 26 Marcus A. Cams Roman emperor 282 
 
 48 Margaret queen of Denmark 
 
 Sweden and Norway — 1387 
 
 55 Maria There>a queen of Hungary 1740 
 
 56 Maria Francesca queen of Por- 
 
 tugal — 1777 
 
 57 Maria da Gloria queen of Portugal 1826 
 
 33 Martin I. Pope — 649 
 
 38 Martin II. — 882 
 
 39 Martin III. — 942 
 46 Martin IV. — 1281 
 
 49 Martin V. — 1417 
 
 34 Martin and Pepin dukes of Au- 
 
 strasia — 680 
 
 48 Martin king of Arragon — 1395 
 
 48 Martin I. king of Sicily — 1391 
 
 49 Martin II. senior — 1409 
 48 Mary queen of Hungary — 1382 
 
 52 Mary queen of England — 1553 
 
 51 Mary queen of Scots — 1542 
 48 Mary queen of Sicily — 1377 
 
 53 Matthias emperor of Germany — 1612 
 
 50 Matthias king of Hungary — 1458 
 
 36 Mauregat the Usurper king of 
 
 Oviedo — 783 
 32 Maurice the Cappadocian empe- 
 ror of the East — 582 
 53 Maurice prince of Orange — 1618 
 
 27 Maxentius Roman emperor — 306 
 
 26 Maximian Roman emperor — 286 
 50 Maximilian I. emperor of Ger- 
 many — 1493 
 
 52 Maximilian II. -- 1564 
 
 52 Maximilian Joseph king of Ba- 
 
 varia — 1805 
 
 25 Maximin I. Roman emperor — 235 
 
 27 Maximin II. — 308 
 30 Maximus emperor of the West 455 
 27 Melchiades Bishop of Rome — 311 
 29 Meroveus king of the Franks — 448 
 
 34 Merwan I. Caliph — 684 
 
 35 Merwan II. — 745 
 
 37 Michael I. Rhangabe emperor of 
 
 the East — 811 
 
 37 Michael II. the Stammerer — 320 
 
 37 Michael III. the Sot — 842 
 41 Michael IV. the Paphlagonian 1034 
 
 41 Michael V. Calaphates — 1041 
 
 42 Michael VI. Stratioticus — 1056 
 42 Michael VII. Parapinaces — 1071 
 46 Michael VIII. Paleologus — 1260 
 54 Michael Koributh king of Poland 1669 
 
 53 Michael Romanof Czar of Russia 1613 
 
 40 Miecislas I. Duke of Poland — 964 
 
 41 Miecislas II. — 1025 
 44 Miecislas III. the Old — 1173 
 57 Miguel king of Portugal — 1828 
 32 Mirva king of the Suevi — 569 
 34 Moawiah I. Caliph — 661 
 
 34 Moawiah II. — 683 
 
 36 Mohadi, Caliph — 775 
 
 38 Mohtadi, Caliph — 869 
 
 39 Mohtafi, Caliph — 902 
 39 Moktader, Caliph — 908 
 38 Mostain, Caliph — 862 
 38 Mostanser, Caliph — 861 
 38 Motadhed, Caliph — 892 
 38 Motamed, Caliph — 870 
 
 37 Motasim, Caliph — 833 
 
 37 Motawakel. Caliph — 847 
 41 Motawakel king of Cordova — 1016 
 
 38 Motaz. Caliph — 866 
 36 Mull Ethelwold king of Nor- 
 
 thumbria — 759 
 
 35 Musa emir in Spain — 712 
 49 Musa Chelebi Ottoman emperor 1410 
 
 53 Mustafa I. emperor of Turkey 1617 
 
 54 Mustafa II. — 1695 
 
 56 Mustafa III. — 1757 
 
 57 Mustafa IV. — 1807 
 
 N° 
 
 16 
 
 '.) 
 6 
 
 Nabis tyrant of Sparta — 
 
 Nabonadius king of Babylon — 
 Nabonassar king of Babylon — 
 Nabopolassar king of Babylon 
 Nabuchodonosor king of Assyria 
 Nadab king of Israel — 
 
 Nadius king of Babylon — 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar king of Baby- 
 lon — 
 Necho king of Egypt — 
 Nectanebis I. king of Egypt — 
 Nectanebis II. — 
 Nephereus king of Egypt — 
 Nepherites king of Egypt — 
 Nergilus king of Assyria — 
 Nericosolassar king of Babylon 
 Neriglissar king of Babylon — 
 Nicander king of Sparta — 
 Nicomedes I. king of Bithynia 
 Nicomedes II. — 
 Nicomedes III. — 
 Ninus king of Assyria — 
 
 55 Nadir, Shah of Persia — 
 57 Napoleon emperor of France — 
 
 32 Narses duke of Italy — 
 
 26 Narsi king of Persia — 
 
 22 Nero Roman emperor — 
 
 22 Nerva Roman emperor — 
 
 37 Nicephorus I. emperor of the 
 
 East — 
 
 40 Nicephorus II. Phocas — 
 
 42 Nicephorus III. — 
 57 Nicholas emperor of Russia — 
 
 43 Nicholas king of Denmark — 
 
 38 Nicholas I. Pope — 
 42 Nicholas II. — 
 46 Nicholas III. — 
 46 Nicholas IV. — 
 49 Nicholas V. — 
 31 Noorsherwan king of Persia — 
 
 13 Ochus king of Persia 
 
 14 Olympias queen of Macedon 
 4 Omri king of Israel 
 
 14 Onias I. High Priest 
 
 16 Onias II. 
 
 17 Onias III. 
 
 13 Orestes king of Macedon 
 19 Orodes I. king of Parthia 
 
 31 Octa king of Kent — 
 
 30 Odoacer king of the Heruli — 
 
 34 Offa king of Essex — 
 
 36 Offa king of Mercia — 
 
 35 Okbah emir in Spain — 
 
 41 Olaf Skotkonung king of 
 
 Sweden — 
 
 42 Olaus IV. kins; of Denmark — 
 48 Olaus V. — 
 30 Olybrius emperor of the West 
 33 Olympius exarch of Ravenna — 
 33 Omar I Caliph — 
 
 35 Omar II. Caliph — 
 47 Orchan Ottoman emperor — 
 
 37 Ordonno I. king of Oviedo — 
 39 Ordonno II. king of Leon — 
 39 Ordonno III. — 
 21 Orodes II. king of Parthia — 
 
 38 Osbert king of Bernicia — 
 53 Osman I. emperor of Turkey — 
 56 Osman II. — 
 
 36 Osred I. king of Northumbria — 
 36 Osred II. — 
 33 Osric king of Deira — 
 
 35 Osric king of Northumbria — 
 
 36 Osulf king of Northumbria — 
 33 Oswald king of Bernicia — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 206 
 555 
 747 
 625 
 650 
 955 
 733 
 
 606 
 616 
 375 
 361 
 395 
 375 
 693 
 559 
 559 
 802 
 278 
 149 
 91 
 630 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1736 
 
 1804 
 
 553 
 
 293 
 
 54 
 
 96 
 
 802 
 
 963 
 1078 
 1825 
 1105 
 
 857 
 1058 
 1277 
 12SS 
 1447 
 
 531 
 
 B.C. 
 
 359 
 316 
 930 
 324 
 2<3 
 195 
 39ii 
 57 
 
 A.D. 
 
 512 
 
 476 
 700 
 755 
 735 
 
 1001 
 
 1086 
 
 1376 
 
 472 
 
 649 
 
 r>34 
 
 717 
 
 1326 
 
 850 
 
 914 
 
 950 
 
 14 
 
 862 
 
 1618 
 
 1754 
 
 705 
 
 789 
 
 634 
 
 718 
 
 757 
 
 635 
 
I. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 33 Oswin king of Deira — 
 
 33 Oswy king of Bernicia — 
 
 46 Othman Ottoman emperor ■ — 
 
 33 Othman, Caliph — 
 
 35 Othman emir in Spain — 
 
 22 Otho Roman emperor — 
 
 39 Otho I. the Great, emperor of 
 
 Germany — 
 
 40 Otho II. the Bloody — 
 40 Otho III. the Red — 
 45 Otho IV. — 
 57 Otho of Bavaria king of Greece 
 53 Otrefief Czar of Russia — 
 
 14 Parysades king of Bosphorus — 
 
 12 Pausanias king of Sparta — 
 
 13 Pausanias king of Macedon — 
 
 12 Pausiris king of Egypt — 
 5 Pekah king of Israel — 
 
 5 Pekaiak king of Israel — 
 
 6 Perdiccas I. king of Macedon — 
 11 Perdiccas II. — 
 
 13 Perdiccas III. — 
 
 8 Periander king of Corinth' — 
 17 Perseus king of Macedon — 
 17 Pharnaces I. king of Pontus — 
 19 Pharnaces II. — 
 
 4 Pherecles perpetual archon — 
 
 4 Phorbas perpetual archon — 
 
 7 Phraortes king of Media — 
 
 17 Phraartes I. king of Parthia — 
 
 18 Phraartes II. — 
 
 19 Phraartes III. 
 
 20 Phraartes IV. — 
 
 15 Philetaerus king of Pergamus — 
 
 8 Philip I. king of Macedon — 
 
 13 Philip II. 
 
 14 Philip III. 
 
 15 Philip IV. 
 
 16 Philip V. 
 
 11 Pleistarchus king of Sparta — 
 
 11 Pleistoanax king of Sparta — 
 
 4 Polydectes king of Sparta — 
 
 6 Polydorus king of Sparta — 
 
 6 Porus king of Babylon — 
 
 4 Procles king of Sparta — 
 4 Prumnis king of Corinth 
 
 16 Prusias I. king of Bithynia — 
 
 17 Prusias II. — 
 
 4 Prytanis king of Sparta — 
 
 6 Prytanes of Corinth — 
 
 14 Prytanis king of Bosphorus — 
 
 9 Psammetichus king of Corinth 
 
 7 Psammetichus king of Egypt — 
 
 9 Psammis king of Egypt — 
 13 Psammuthis king of Egypt — 
 
 13 Ptolemy 1. Alorites king of Ma- 
 
 cedon — 
 
 15 Ptolemy II. Ceraunus — 
 
 14 Ptolemy 1. Soter I. king of Egypt 
 
 15 Ptolemy II. Philadelphus — 
 
 16 Ptolemy III. Evergetes — 
 16 Ptolemy IV. Philopater — 
 
 16 Ptolemy V. Epiphanes — 
 
 17 Ptolemy VI. Philometer — 
 
 17 Ptolemy VII. Physcon — 
 
 18 Ptolemy VIII Soter II. - 
 
 19 Ptolemy IX. Auletes — 
 
 19 Ptolemy the elder — 
 
 20 Ptolemy the younger — 
 
 5 Pul king of Assyria — 
 15 Punic Period, years of — 
 15 Pyrrhus king of Epirus — 
 
 22 Pacorus king of Parthia 
 
 30 Pallas king of Persia 
 
 37 Pascal I. Pope 
 
 42 Pascal II. 
 
 35 Paul exarch of Ravenna 
 
 A.D. 
 
 644 
 642 
 1299 
 (44 
 727 
 69 
 
 936 
 
 973 
 
 983 
 
 1208 
 
 1833 
 
 1605 
 
 B.C. 
 
 348 
 
 408 
 394 
 408 
 757 
 759 
 729 
 454 
 364 
 625 
 179 
 190 
 63 
 860 
 947 
 656 
 
 139 
 70 
 37 
 283 
 640 
 359 
 323 
 298 
 220 
 480 
 458 
 890 
 742 
 731 
 1044 
 959 
 228 
 180 
 931 
 745 
 309 
 585 
 670 
 600 
 37C 
 
 367 
 281 
 323 
 285 
 247 
 222 
 205 
 181 
 170 
 117 
 80 
 51 
 47 
 769 
 264 
 295 
 
 A.D. 
 
 90 
 
 484 
 
 817 
 
 1099 
 
 727 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 36 Paul I. Pope — 
 
 757 
 
 50 Paul II. — 
 
 1464 
 
 51 Paul III. — 
 
 1534 
 
 52 Paul IV. — 
 
 1555 
 
 53 Paul V. — 
 
 1605 
 
 56 Paul emperor of Russia — 
 
 1796 
 
 34 Peada king of Mercia — 
 
 655 
 
 42 Pedro king of Navarre — 
 
 1094 
 
 47 Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile 
 
 1350 
 
 42 Pedro I king of Arragon — 
 
 1094 
 
 44 Pedro II. — 
 
 1196 
 
 46 Pedro III. — 
 
 1276 
 
 47 Pedro IV. the Ceremonious — 
 
 1336 
 
 48 Pedro I. the Severe, king of Por- 
 
 
 tugal — 
 
 1357 
 
 54 Pedro II. — 
 
 1683 
 
 56 Pedro III. — 
 
 1777 
 
 57 Pedro IV. 
 
 182« 
 
 46 Pedro I. the Great, king of Sicily 
 
 , 182 
 
 47 Pedro II. 
 
 1337 
 
 32 Pelagius I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 555 
 
 32 Pelagius II. — 
 
 578 
 
 35 Pelayo king of Asturias — 
 
 718 
 
 33 Penda king of Mercia — 
 
 626 
 
 36 Pepin the Little, king of France 
 
 752 
 
 34 Penharitus king of the Lom- 
 
 
 bards — 
 
 661 
 
 24 Pertinax Roman emperor — 
 
 193 
 
 45 Peter de Courtenay Latin em- 
 
 
 peror — 
 
 1217 
 
 41 Peter the German king of Hun- 
 
 
 gary — 
 
 1038 
 
 46 Peter le Petit Charlemagne, 
 
 
 count of Savoy — 
 
 1263 
 
 54 Peter I. the Great, Czar of 
 
 
 Russia — 
 
 16S2 
 
 55 Peter 11. — 
 
 1727 
 
 56 Prter III. — 
 
 1762 
 
 43 Peironilla queen of Arragon — 
 
 1137 
 
 50 Philibert I. the Hunter, duke of 
 
 
 Savoy — 
 
 1472 
 
 50 Philibert II. le Beau — 
 
 1497 
 
 51 Philibert de Chalons prince of 
 
 
 Orange — 
 
 1502 
 
 25 Philip the Arabian Roman em- 
 
 
 peror — 
 
 244 
 
 44 Philip of Suabia emperor of Ger- 
 
 
 many — 
 
 1198 
 
 42 Philip I. L'Amoureux king of 
 
 
 France — 
 
 1060 
 
 44 Philip II. Augustus — 
 
 1180 
 
 46 Philip III. the Hardy 
 
 1270 
 
 46 Philip IV. the Fair — 
 
 1285 
 
 47 Philip V. the Long — 
 
 1316 
 
 47 Philip VI. — 
 
 1328 
 
 46 Philip I. count of Savoy — 
 
 1268 
 
 50 Philip II. Sans Terre — 
 
 1496 
 
 47 Philip 1. king of Navarre 
 
 1316 
 
 47 Philip II. 
 
 1328 
 
 51 Phiiip I. le Beau king of Castile 
 
 1504 
 
 52 Philip II. king of Spain — 
 
 1556 
 
 52 Philip III. — 
 
 1598 
 
 53 Philip IV. — 
 
 1621 
 
 54 Pniiip V. king of Spain — 
 
 1700 
 
 52 Pniiip William prince of Orange 
 
 1584 
 
 43 Philip king of Sweden — 
 
 1112 
 
 35 Pliilippicus Bardanes emperor 
 
 
 of the East — 
 
 711 
 
 33 Phocas emperor of the East • — 
 
 602 
 
 21 Phraatices king of Parthia — 
 
 13 
 
 37 Piastus duke of Poland — 
 
 842 
 
 23 Pius I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 142 
 
 50 Pius II. Pope — 
 
 1458 
 
 51 Pius III. — 
 
 1503 
 
 52 Pius IV. — 
 
 1559 
 
 52 Pius V. — 
 
 1566 
 
 56 Pius VI. — 
 
 1775 
 
 56 Pius VII. — 
 
 1800 
 
 57 Pius VIII. — 
 
 1829 
 
 33 Plato exarch of Ravenna — 
 
 638 
 
 25 Pontianus Bishop of Rome — 
 
 230 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 26 Probus, Roman emperor — 276 
 44 Premislas I. the Victorious, king 
 
 of Bohemia — 1197 
 
 46 Premislas II. the Victorious — 1252 
 
 46 Premislas king of Poland • — 1295 
 
 - B.C 
 
 7 Regibaldus king of Babylon 
 4 Rehoboam king of Judah 
 
 39 Radhi, Caliph — 
 
 35 Ragimbert king of the Lom- 
 bards — 
 35 Ratchis king of the Lombards 
 37 Ramiro I. king of Oviedo — 
 
 39 Ramiro II. king of Leon ■ — 
 
 40 Ramiro III. — 
 
 41 Ramiro I. king of Arragon — 
 43 Ramiro II. the Monk — 
 
 43 Raymond king of Arragon — 
 
 32 Recared I. king of the Visigoths 
 
 33 Recared II. — 
 
 34 Recheswind king of the Visigoths 
 29 Rechiarius king of the Suevi — 
 
 29 Rechila king of the Suevi — 
 32 Redwald king of E. Anglia — 
 
 30 Remismund king of the Suevi 
 51 Rene de Nassau prince of 
 
 Orange — 
 
 41 Richense, regent of Poland — 
 
 46 Richard of Cornwall — 
 
 39 Richard I. the Fearless, Duke of 
 
 Normandy — 
 
 40 liichard II. the Good — 
 
 41 Richard III. 
 
 44 Richnrd I. Cceur de Lion, king 
 
 of England — 
 
 48 Richard II. ' 
 
 50 Richard III. — 
 
 45 Robert de Courtenay, Latin em- 
 
 peror — 
 
 39 Robert I. king of France — 
 
 40 Robert II. the Wise 
 
 41 Robert I. le Diable, duke of 
 
 Normandy — 
 
 42 Robert II. Courthose 
 
 47 Robert I. Bruce king of Scotland 
 
 48 Robert II. — 
 48 Robert III. — 
 42 Robert Guiscard duke of Apulia 
 47 Robert the Wise, king of Naples 
 35 Roderic king of the Visigoths 
 34 Rodoald king of Lombards — 
 
 46 Rodolphl. of Hapsburg, emperor 
 
 of Germany — 
 
 52 Rodolph II. 
 
 47 Rodolph of Hapsburg, king of 
 
 Bohemia — 
 
 39 Rodolf king of France — 
 
 39 Rodolf king of Italy — 
 
 38 Rodoif I. king of Transjuran 
 
 Burgundy — 
 
 39 Rodolf II. — 
 
 40 Rodolf III. le Faineant — 
 42 Roger duke of Apulia — 
 
 42 Roger I. count of Sicily — 
 
 43 Roger II. — 
 55 Rokh, Shah of Persia 
 
 39 Rollo duke of Normandy — 
 
 39 Romanus I. Lecapenus emperor 
 
 of the East — 
 
 40 Romanus II. — 
 
 41 Romanus III. Argyrus — 
 
 42 Romanus IV. Diogenes — 
 
 32 Romanus exarch of Ravenna — 
 38 Romanus Pope — 
 30 Romulus Augustulus emperor 
 
 of the West — 
 
 33 Rotharis king of the Lombards 
 48 Rupert emperor of Germany — 
 
 701 
 744 
 842 
 927 
 967 
 1035 
 1134 
 1137 
 586 
 620 
 653 
 448 
 441 
 599 
 463 
 
 1530 
 1034 
 1257 
 
 943 
 
 996 
 1026 
 
 1189 
 1377 
 1483 
 
 1221 
 922 
 996 
 
 1028 
 1087 
 1306 
 1371 
 1380 
 10.57 
 1309 
 711 
 652 
 
 1473 
 1576 
 
 1306 
 923 
 922 
 
 911 
 993 
 1085 
 1072 
 1101 
 1748 
 911 
 
 919 
 959 
 1028 
 1067 
 590 
 897 
 
 475 
 
 636 
 
 1400 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 8 Sadyattes king of Lydia — 
 
 7 Sammughes king of Assyria — 
 
 7 Saoduchinus king of Babylon — 
 
 8 Saracus king of Assyria — 
 6 Sardanapalus king of Assyria — 
 8 Sardanapalus — 
 8 Sardanapalus — 
 
 12 Satyrus I. king of Bosphorus — 
 
 14 Satyrus II. — 
 
 3 Saul king of Israel — 
 
 12 Seleucus king of Bosphorus — 
 
 14 Seleucus 1. Nicator king of Syria 
 16 Seleucus II. Ceraunus — 
 
 16 Seleucus III. Callinicus — 
 
 17 Seleucus IV. Philopater — 
 19 Seleucus V. — 
 
 6 Sennacherib king of Assyria — 
 
 5 Shallum king of Israel — 
 
 6 Shalmaneser king of Assyria — 
 
 15 Simon I. the Just, High Priest 
 
 16 Simon II. — 
 
 18 Simon III. — 
 
 19 Sinatrocct-s king of Parthia — 
 
 10 Smerdis of Persia — 
 12 Sogdianus king of Persia — 
 
 3 Solomon king of Israel — 
 15 Sostlienes king of Macedon — 
 
 4 Sous king of Sparta — 
 
 12 Spartocus I. king of Bosphorus 
 
 13 S|>artocus II. — 
 
 14 Spartocus III. — 
 
 11 Syracuse, First Interval — 
 14 Syracuse, Second — 
 
 14 Syracuse, Third — 
 
 15 Syracuse, Fourth • — 
 
 32 
 
 12 
 39 
 40 
 40 
 42 
 42 
 -1:3 
 •11 
 40 
 42 
 
 44 
 46 
 
 42 
 41 
 45 
 
 33 
 33 
 
 ;;.-) 
 
 ,32 
 34 
 
 51 
 52 
 56 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 37 
 3!) 
 41 
 33 
 27 
 30 
 33 
 31 
 25 
 27 
 28 
 33 
 32 
 33 
 
 of Leon 
 
 king of 
 
 Sabert king of Essex — 
 
 Sabianus, Pope — 
 
 Salomon king of Hungary — 
 Sancho I. Garcia, king of Navarre 
 
 Sancho II. Abarca — 
 
 Sancho III. — 
 
 Sancho IV. — 
 
 Sancho V. Ramirez — 
 
 Sancho VI. — 
 Sancho VII. the Infirm 
 Sancho I. the Fat, kino 
 Sancho III. the Strong 
 
 Castile 
 
 Sancho III. — 
 Sancho IV. the Great — 
 Sancho Ramirez king of Arragon 
 Sancho I. king of Portugal — 
 Sancho II. Capellus — 
 Saxred king of Essex — 
 Schiroueh king of Persia — 
 Schola.Nticus exarch of Ravenna 
 Sebastian king of Portugal — 
 Sebbi king of Essex — 
 Selim I. emperor of Turkey — 
 Selimll. — 
 Selim III. — 
 Selred king of East Anglia — 
 Septimus Severus Roman empe- 
 ror — 
 Sergius I. Pope — 
 Sergius II. — 
 Sergius III. — 
 Sergius IV. — 
 Severinus. Pope — 
 Severus Roman emperor — 
 Severus emperor of the West — 
 Seward king of Essex — 
 Sexburga queen of Wessex — 
 Shahpoor I. king of Persia — 
 Sliahpoor II. — 
 Shahpoor III. — 
 Shenendeh king of Persia — 
 Sigebert I. king of Metz — 
 Sigebert II. king of Austrasia — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 617 
 691 
 667 
 630 
 711 
 650 
 630 
 407 
 310 
 
 1096 
 431 
 312 
 266 
 246 
 187 
 95 
 713 
 770 
 729 
 300 
 219 
 143 
 77 
 522 
 425 
 
 1016 
 280 
 
 1010 
 438 
 353 
 304 
 466 
 350 
 337 
 289 
 
 A.D. 
 
 597 
 
 604 
 
 1064 
 
 905 
 
 970 
 
 1000 
 
 1054 
 
 1076 
 
 1150 
 
 1194 
 
 955 
 
 1065 
 
 1157 
 
 1284 
 
 1063 
 
 1185 
 
 1223 
 
 614 
 
 628 
 
 713 
 
 1557 
 
 663 
 
 1512 
 
 1566 
 
 1788 
 
 633 
 
 194 
 
 687 
 844 
 904 
 1009 
 640 
 306 
 461 
 614 
 672 
 240 
 310 
 385 
 631 
 561 
 638 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 36 Sigebert king of Wessex — 754 
 
 33 Sigebert king of East Anglia — 629 
 
 33 Sigebert I. king of Essex — 614 
 
 33 Sigebert II. the Little — 623 
 
 34 Sigebert III. the Good — 655 
 34 Sigenard king of Essex — 693 
 36 Sigered king of Essex — 799 
 
 29 Sigeric king of the Visigoths — 415 
 
 34 Sigeric I. king of Essex — 663 
 36 Sigeric II. — 792 
 49 Sigismund emperor of Germany 1410 
 
 48 Sigismund king of Hungary — 1392 
 
 49 Sigismund king of Bohemia — 1419 
 51 Sigismund I. king of Poland — 1506 
 
 51 Sigismund II. Augustus — 1548 
 
 52 Sigismund III. — 1587 
 31 Sigismund king of the Burgun- 
 
 dians — 516 
 
 52 Sigismund king of Sweden — 1592 
 
 36 Silo the Saracen king of Oviedo 774 
 
 31 Silverius Bishop of Rome — 536 
 
 27 Silvester I. Bishop of Rome — 314 
 40 Silvester II. — 999 
 
 30 Simplicius Bishop of Rome — 468 
 
 28 Siricius Bishop of Rome — 384 
 33 Sisebert king of the Visigoths — 612 
 
 33 Sisenard king of the Visigoths — 63 1 
 
 35 Sisinius, Pope — 708 
 
 23 Sixtus I. Bishop of Rome — 119 
 26 Sixtus II. — 257 
 
 29 Sixtus III. — 432 
 
 50 Sixtus IV. Pope — 1471 
 
 52 Sixtus V. — 1585 
 
 32 Sledda king of Essex — 587 
 
 32 Smaragdus exarch of Ravenna 584 
 
 43 Sobieslas I. duke of Bohemia — 1125 
 
 44 Sobieslas II. — 1174 
 49 Soliman I. Ottoman emperor — 1402 
 
 51 Soliman II. — 1520 
 54 Soliman III. — 1687 
 
 35 Soliman Caliph — 715 
 54 Soliman Shah of Persia — 1666 
 
 53 Soofe Shah of Persia — 1627 
 
 24 Soter Bishop of Rome — 168 
 39 Spitigneus I. duke of Bohemia 902 
 
 42 Spitigneus II. — 1055 
 56 Stanislaus Augustus king of Po- 
 land — 1764 
 
 37 Stauricius emperor of the East 811 
 
 39 Stephen emperor of the East — 928 
 
 40 Stehpen I. kin- of Hungary — 1000 
 
 43 Stephen II. the Thunderbolt — 1114 
 
 44 Stephen III. — 1161 
 46 Stephen IV. — 1270 
 
 52 Stephen Batthori king of Poland 1574 
 43 Stephen king of England — 1135 
 26 Stephen I. Bishop of Rome — 253 
 
 36 Stephen II., Pope . — 752 
 
 36 Stephen III. — 768 
 
 37 Stephen IV. — 816 
 
 38 Stephen V. — 885 
 
 38 Stephen VI. — 896 
 
 39 Stephen VII. — 923 
 
 39 Stephen VIII. — 939 
 42 Stephen IX. — 1057 
 
 42 Stenkill king of Sweden — 1056 
 
 41 Suatopluc duke of Bohemia — 1107 
 35 Suebricht king of Essex — 709 
 
 34 Suenfrid king of Essex — 693 
 
 33 Suintillakingof the Visigoths — 621 
 41 Suleiman king of Cordova — 1002 
 
 43 Swerker I. king of Sweden — 1129 
 
 44 Swerker II. — 1192 
 
 40 Sweyn I. Forked Beard, king of 
 
 Denmark — 985 
 
 41 Swevn II. — 1047 
 43 Sweyn III. — 1147 
 
 34 Swithelm king of Essex — 661 
 
 35 Switlired king of Essex — 738 
 
 30 Symmachus Bishop of Rome — 498 
 
 N° 
 
 13 Tachos king of Egypt — 
 
 4 Teleclus king of Sparta — 
 
 5 Telestes king of Corinth — 
 
 5 Theopompus king of Sparta — 
 4 Thersippus perpetual archon — 
 4 Thespieus perpetual archon — 
 
 1 1 Thrasybulus tyrant of Syracuse 
 
 6 Tiglathpileser king of Assyria — 
 19 Tigranes king of Armenia — 
 19 Tigranes king of Syria — 
 
 14 Timoleon tyrant of Syracuse — 
 16 Tiridates king of Parthia — 
 19 Tryphena queen of Egypt — 
 
 Tacitus Roman emperor — 
 
 Tamasp I. Shah of Persia — 
 Tamasp II. — 
 
 Tancred king of Sicily — 
 
 Tarik emir in Spain — 
 
 Taxfin ben Ali, dynasty of the 
 Almohades — 
 
 Teia king of the Ostrogoths — 
 Telesphorus Bishop of Rome — 
 Thalaba emir in Spain — 
 
 Theobald I. the Posthumous, king 
 of Navarre — 
 
 Theodebald II. — 
 
 Theodatus king of the Ostrogoths 
 Theodebald king of the Ostrogoths 
 Theodebald king of Metz — 
 
 Theodebert I. king of Metz — 
 Theodebert II. — 
 
 Theodemir king of the Suevi — 
 Theodisel king of the Visigoths 
 Theodora empress of the East — 
 Theodore Lascaris I. Greek em- 
 peror — 
 Theodore Lascaris II. — 
 Theodore I. exarch of Ravenna 
 Theodore II. — 
 Theodoric I king of the Visigoths 
 Theodoric king of the Ostrogoths 
 Theodoric II. — 
 Theodoric king of Bernicia — 
 Theodorus I., Pope ■ — ■ 
 Theodorus II. — 
 Theodosius I. the Great, Roman 
 emperor — - 
 Theodosius II emperor of the East 
 Theodosius III. — 
 Theophilactus exarch of Ravenna 
 Theophilus emperor of the East 
 Theudis king of the Visigoths — 
 Thierry I. king of Metz — 
 Thierry II. king of Orleans — 
 Thierry III. king of Neustria — 
 Thierry IV. — 
 Thomas count of Savoy — 
 Thorismund king of 1 he Visigoths 
 Thorismund king of the Vandals 
 Thueba emir in Spain — 
 Tiberius I. Roman emperor — 
 Tiberius II. emperor of the E.ist 
 Tiberius III. Apsimar — 
 Titilus king of East Anglia — 
 Titus Roman emperor — 
 Totila king of the Ostrogoths — 
 Trajan Roman emperor — 
 Tulca king of the Visigoths — 
 
 4 Uzziah king of Judah 
 
 41 Udalric duke of Bohemia 
 32 Uffa king of East Anglia 
 55 Ulrica queen of Sweden 
 25 Urban I. Bishop of Rome 
 
 42 Urban II. Pope 
 44 Urban III. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 363 
 
 812 
 
 758 
 
 770 
 
 970 
 
 821 
 
 467 
 
 738 
 
 96 
 
 83 
 
 344 
 
 248 
 
 58 
 
 A.D. 
 
 275 
 1523 
 1729 
 1189 
 
 711 
 
 1143 
 552 
 127 
 742 
 
 1234 
 1253 
 534 
 540 
 548 
 534 
 596 
 559 
 548 
 1054 
 
 1204 
 1255 
 648 
 678 
 419 
 493 
 433 
 580 
 642 
 898 
 
 379 
 408 
 716 
 702 
 829 
 531 
 511 
 596 
 670 
 720 
 1188 
 451 
 496 
 745 
 
 14 
 578 
 698 
 578 
 
 79 
 541 
 
 98 
 640 
 
 B.C. 
 
 808 
 
 A D. 
 
 1012 
 571 
 
 1719 
 223 
 
 1088 
 
 1185 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 EMPERORS — KINGS — POPES 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 46 Urban IV. _ 
 
 1261 
 
 48 Urban V. _ 
 
 1362 
 
 48 Urban VI. — 
 
 1378 
 
 52 Urban VII. — 
 
 1590 
 
 53 Urban VIII. _ 
 
 1623 
 
 43 Urraca queen of Castile — 
 
 1109 
 
 28 Valens Roman emperor — 
 
 364 
 
 37 Valentine, Pope — 
 
 827 
 
 28 Valentinian I. Roman Emperor 
 
 364 
 
 2S Valentinian II. _ 
 
 375 
 
 29 Valentinian III. emperor of the 
 
 
 West — 
 
 425 
 
 26 Valerian Roman emperor — 
 
 253 
 
 21 Vardanes king of Parthia — 
 
 43 
 
 53 Vassili Chouiski Czar of Russia 
 
 1606 
 
 22 Vespasian Roman emperor — 
 
 70 
 
 24 Victor I. Bishop of Rome — 
 
 193 
 
 42 Victor II. Pope — 
 
 1055 
 
 42 Victor III. — 
 
 1086 
 
 53 Victor Amadeus I. duke of Savoy 
 
 1630 
 
 54 Victor Amadeus II. — 
 
 1675 
 
 55 Victor Amadeus II. king of Sar- 
 
 
 dinia — 
 
 1718 
 
 56 Victor Amadeus III. — 
 
 1773 
 
 57 Victor Emmanuel IV. — 
 
 1802 
 
 57 Victoria queen of Great Britain 
 
 J 837 
 
 31 Vigilius Bishop of Rome — 
 
 537 
 
 34 Vitalianus, Pope — 
 
 657 
 
 22 Vitellius Roman emperor — 
 
 69 
 
 31 Vitiges king of the Ostrogoths — 
 
 536 
 
 21 Vologeses I. king of Parthia — 
 
 50 
 
 23 Vologeses 1 1. — 
 
 121 
 
 24 Vologeses III. — 
 
 192 
 
 26 Volucian Roman emperor — 
 
 251 
 
 21 Vonones I. king of Parthia — 
 
 15 
 
 21 Vonones II. — 
 
 50 
 
 44 Waldemar I. the Great, king of 
 
 
 Denmark — 
 
 1157 
 
 45 Waldemar II. the Victorious — 
 
 1202 
 
 47 Waldemar III. _ 
 
 1340 
 
 46 Waldemar king of Sweden — 
 
 1251 
 
 35 Walid I. Caliph — 
 
 705 
 
 35 Walid II. _ 
 
 743 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 29 Wallia king of the Visigoths — 415 
 
 34 Wamba king of the Visigoths — 672 
 
 37 Wathek, Caliph — 842 
 
 48 Wenceslas emperor of Germany 1378 
 
 39 Wenceslas I. duke of Bohemia 916 
 
 44 Wenceslas II. — 1191 
 
 45 Wencrslas 1 1 1, le Borgue, king 1230 
 
 46 Wenceslas IV. — 1278 
 
 47 Wenceslas V. — 1305 
 
 48 Wenceslas VI. — 1378 
 46 Wenceslas king of Poland — l^OO 
 32 Wibbakingof Mercia — 597 
 37 Wiglafking of Mercia — 825 
 34 Wihtred king of Kent — 694 
 45 William emperor of Germany — 1250 
 39 William I. Longsword, duke of 
 
 Normandv — 927 
 
 41 William II. the Bastard — 1035 
 
 42 William I. the Conqueror, king 
 
 of England — 1066 
 
 42 William II. Itufus — 1087 
 54 William III. and Ma'v II. - 1689 
 57 William IV. king of Gt. Britain 1830 
 44 William the Lion king of Scot- 
 land — 1165 
 
 51 William I. of Nassau, prince of 
 
 Orange — 1544 
 
 53 William II. — 1647 
 
 54 William III. — 1660 
 
 55 William IV. — 1702 
 
 55 William V. — 1711 
 
 56 William VI. — 1751 
 
 57 William VII. — 1806 
 51 William I. king of the Nether- 
 lands — 1815 
 
 57 Wi.liam II. — 1840 
 41 William I. Bras de fer count of 
 
 Apulia — 1043 
 
 43 William II. duke of Apulia — 1111 
 
 44 William I. the Wicked, king of 
 
 Sicily — 1154 
 44 William II. the Good — 1166 
 44 William III. — 1194 
 57 William king of Hanover — 1830 
 57 William I. king of the Nether- 
 lands — 1815 
 57 William II. — 1840 
 
 N° 
 
 57 William king of Wurtemburg — 
 
 33 Witenc king of the Goths — 
 35 Witiza king of the Visigoths — 
 39 Wratislas I. Duke of Bohemia 
 42 Wratislas II. king — 
 
 34 Wulf here king of Mercia — 
 
 1 1 Xerxes I. king of Persia 
 
 12 Xerxes II. 
 
 35 Yahia emir in Spain — 
 
 41 Yahia Almotadi king of Cordova 
 29 Yezdejird I. king of Persia — 
 29 Yezdejird II. — 
 
 33 Yezdejird III. — 
 
 34 Yezid I. Caliph — 
 
 35 Yezid II. — 
 35 Yezid III. — 
 35 Yussefemirin Spain — 
 
 42 Yussef ben Taxfin dynasty of the 
 
 Almoravides — 
 
 44 Yussef ben Yacub dynasty of the 
 
 Almohades — 
 
 44 Yacub ben Yussef — 
 
 44 Yussef ben Yacub — 
 
 47 Yussef I. king of Granada — 
 
 48 Yussef II. — 
 
 49 Yussef III. — 
 49 Yussef IV. — 
 
 5 Zachariah king of Israel 
 9 Zedekiah king of Judah 
 
 6 Zeuxidamus king of Sparta 
 15 Zielas king of Bithynia 
 
 4 Zimri king of Israel 
 
 35 Zachary, Pope 
 30 Zeno emperor of the East 
 25 Zepherinus Bishop of Rome 
 39 Ziemomislas Duke of Poland 
 38 Ziemovitus duke of Poland 
 41 Zoe empress of the West 
 29 Zosimus Bishop of Rome 
 
 B.C. 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 I. 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 50 Achilles count of Guastalla — 1494 
 
 37 Adalbert I. duke of Tuscany — 847 
 
 38 Adalbert II. the Rich — 890 
 5(5 Adams, John, president of the 
 
 United States — 1797 
 
 57 Adams, John Quincy, pres. — 1825 
 
 47 Adolph elector Palatine - 1319 
 42 Agnes duchess of Bavaria — 1056 
 3S Alain III. de Vannes, count of 
 
 Bretagne — 877 
 
 39 Alain IV. de Vannes — 937 
 
 41 Alain V. duke of Bretagne — 1008 
 
 42 Alain VI. Fergent — 1084 
 
 48 Albert D'Este lord of Ferrara — 1388 
 41 Albert II count of Namur — 1006 
 41 Albert III. — 1037 
 
 48 Albert count of Holland — 13S9 
 
 43 Albert I. the Boar, first elector 
 
 of Brandenburg — 1134 
 
 45 Albert II. — 1206 
 
 50 Albert III. — 1470 
 
 49 Albert I. duke of Bavaria — 1438 
 
 50 Albert II. — 1465 
 
 51 Albert III. — 1550 
 
 45 Albeit I. elector of Saxony — 1212 
 
 46 Albert II. — 1260 
 
 49 Albert III. — 1418 
 41 Albert duke of Lorraine — 1046 
 45 Aldovrandini I. lord of Ferrara 1212 
 4S Aldovrandini II. — 1352 
 39 Aledran marquis of Montferrat 938 
 
 51 Alexander doge of Florence — 1531 
 
 52 Alexander duke of Parma — 1586 
 
 51 Alfonso I. duke of Ferrara — 1505 
 
 52 Alfonso II. — 1559 
 
 53 Alfonso III. duke of Modena — 1628 
 
 54 Alfonso IV. — 1658 
 
 52 Alva, Ferdinand duke of, gover- 
 
 nor of the Netherlands — 1567 
 57 Amherst, William lord, gover- 
 nor-general of India — 1823 
 37 Antenorio.Oblerio, doge of Venice 804 
 
 50 Anne duchess of Bretagne — 1488 
 
 55 Antony duke of Parma — 1727 
 55 Antony Ferdinand duke of Guas- 
 talla — 1714 
 
 49 Antony duke of Brabant — 1405 
 
 49 Antony of Burgundy, duke of 
 
 Luxemburg — 1411 
 
 51 Antony duke of Lorraine — 1508 
 
 39 Arnolph I. count of Flanders — 918 
 
 40 Arnolph II. le Jeune — 965 
 42 Arnolph III. — 1070 
 40 Arnolph count of Friesland — 988 
 40 Arnolph count of Hainault — 973 
 39 Arnolph the Bad, duke of Bavaria 907 
 44 Arthur I. duke of Bretagne — 1196 
 47 Arthur II. — 1305 
 
 50 Arthur III. — 1457 
 57 Auckland, George lord, gover- 
 nor-general of India — 1836 
 
 53 Augustus duke of Brunswick — 1633 
 
 52 Augustus elector of Saxony — 1553 
 
 51 Austria, Margaret of, governante 
 
 of the Netherlands — 1507 
 
 51 Austria, Mary of, governante — 1531 
 
 52 Austria, Margaret of. governante 1559 
 52 Austria, Don John of, governor 1576 
 52 Austria, Ernest archduke of, go- 
 vernor — 1594 
 
 52 Austria, Albert archduke of, go- 
 
 vernor — 1596 
 
 53 Austria, Leopold archduke of, 
 
 governor — 1647 
 
 54 Austria, Don John of, governor 1656 
 
 55 Austria, Mary-Elizabeth of, go- 
 
 vernante — 1725 
 
 55 Austria, Mary-Anne of, g.nante 1744 
 
 56 Austria, Mary-Christina of — 1781 
 56 Austria, Charles archduke of, 
 
 governor — 1793 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 44 Azzo VI. of Este, lord of Ferrara 1 196 
 
 45 Azzo VII. — 1215 
 45 Azzo VIII. — 1293 
 47 Azzo lord of Milan — 1328 
 
 39 Badoardo. Pietro, doge of Venice 
 45 Baldwin de Courtenay, marquis 
 
 of Namur 
 38 Baldwin I. Bras de fer, count of 
 
 Flanders — 
 
 38 Baldwin II. the Bald — 
 
 39 Baldwin III. — 
 
 40 Baldwin IV. the Bearded — 
 
 41 Baldwin V le Debonnaire — 
 
 42 Baldwin VI. the Good — 
 
 43 Baldwin VII. a la Hache — 
 
 44 Baldwin VIII. — 
 44 Baldwin IX. of Constantinople — 
 
 41 Baldwin I. count of Hainault — 
 
 42 Baldwin II. of Jerusalem — 
 
 42 Baldwin III. — 
 
 43 Baldwin IV. the Builder — 
 
 44 Baldwin V. the Valiant — 
 44 Baldwin VI. — 
 50 Barbarigo, Marco, doge of Venice 
 50 Barbarigo, Agostino, doge — 
 
 41 Barbolano. Pietro, doge — 
 
 42 Beatrice, duchess of Tuscany — 
 55 Bedmar, Isidor marquis de, go- 
 vernor of the Netherlands — 
 
 53 Bembo, Giovanni, doge of Venice 
 57 Bentinck, lord William, gover 
 nor-general of India 
 
 39 BerengerdeRennes count of Bre- 
 
 tagne — 
 
 48 Bernarbo lord of Milan — 
 
 49 Bernard, first duke of Brunswick 
 
 Lunenburg — 
 
 40 Bernard 1. duke of Saxony — 
 
 41 Bernard II. — 
 44 Bernard III. — 
 39 Berthold, duke of Bavaria — 
 37 Boniface I. marquis of Tuscany 
 
 41 Boniface II. the Pious, duke — 
 
 42 Boniface I. marquis of Montferrat 
 
 44 Boniface II. — 
 
 45 Boniface III. the Giant — 
 
 50 Boniface IV. — 
 
 51 Boniface V. — 
 49 Borso duke of Ferrara — 
 
 39 Boson marquis of Tuscany — 
 
 40 Bruno duke of Lower Lorraine 
 
 39 Burchardt I. duke of Suabia — 
 
 40 Burchardt II. — 
 
 939 
 
 — 1237 
 
 862 
 879 
 918 
 989 
 1036 
 1007 
 1111 
 1191 
 1194 
 1030 
 1070 
 1099 
 1120 
 1171 
 1195 
 1485 
 1486 
 1026 
 1055 
 
 1701 
 1615 
 
 — 1828 
 
 930 
 1354 
 
 1409 
 
 973 
 
 1010 
 
 1180 
 
 939 
 
 828 
 
 1027 
 
 1060 
 
 1192 
 
 1225 
 
 1483 
 
 1518 
 
 1450 
 
 931 
 
 953 
 
 916 
 
 954 
 
 52 Caesar duke of Ferrara — 1597 
 
 52 Caesar I. count of Guastalla — 1557 
 
 53 Caesar II. duke — 1630 
 38 Candiano, Pietro I. doge of Venice 887 
 
 39 Candiano. Pietro II. 
 
 39 Candiano, Pietro III. 
 
 40 Candiano, Pietro IV. — 
 40 Candiano, Vitale, doge — 
 
 54 Caretto, Otto-Henry marquis del, 
 
 governor of the Netherlands 
 
 55 Carlos, Don. duke of Parma — 
 54 Castanaga, Francis marquis de, 
 
 governor of the Netherlands 
 
 53 Castel-Rodrigo, Emmanuel mar- 
 
 quis of, gov. of the N. lands 
 
 54 Castel-Rodrigo, Francisco mar- 
 
 quis of, gov. of the N. lands — 
 48 Celsi. Lorenzo, doge of Venice — 
 54 Charles of Mantua, duke of Guas- 
 talla — 
 53 Charles I. duke of Mantua — 
 
 53 Charles III. son of Charles II. 
 
 duke de Rethelois, duke of 
 Mantua — 
 
 54 Charles IV. duke of Mantua — 
 
 932 
 942 
 959 
 978 
 
 1682 
 1731 
 
 1685 
 
 1644 
 
 1664 
 1361 
 
 1678 
 1627 
 
 1637 
 1665 
 
 50 Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy 1467 
 
 No 
 
 A.D. 
 
 47 Charles de Blois duke of Bretagne 
 
 47 ( harles duke of Luxemburg 
 43 Charles count of Flanders — 
 55 Charles I. duke of Wurtemburg 
 55 Charles II. Eugene — 
 
 55 Charles I. Albert, elector of Ba- 
 
 varia — 
 
 56 Charles II. Theodore — 
 55 Charles I. Louis, elector Palatine 
 53 Charles II. — 
 53 Charles III. Philip — 
 55 Charles IV. Theodore — 
 40 Charles of France, duke of Lower 
 
 Lorraine — 
 
 48 Charles I. duke of Lorraine — 
 
 51 Charles II. the Great — 
 
 53 Charles III. — 
 
 54 Charles IV. — 
 53 Christian I. duke of Brunswick 
 53 Christian II. Louis — 
 
 52 Cnristian I. elector of Saxony — 
 52 Christian II. — 
 
 49 Christopher count of Guastalla 
 
 51 Christopher the Pacific, duke of 
 
 Wurtemburg — 
 
 52 Cicogna, Pasquale, doge of Venice 1585 
 51 Claude duchess of Bretagne — 1514 
 
 50 Cleves, Adolphus of, governor of 
 
 the Netherlands — 
 
 40 Conan I. de Rennes count of 
 
 Bretagne — 
 
 41 Conan II. — 
 
 43 Conan III. the Fat — 
 
 44 Conan IV. the Little — 
 
 43 Conrad president of Tuscany — 
 
 44 Conrad marquis of Montferrat — 
 
 42 Conrad duke of L. Lorraine — 
 
 42 Conrad I. count of Luxemburg — 
 
 43 Conrad II. — 
 
 40 Conrad I. duke of Suabia — 
 
 41 Conrad II. 
 
 44 Conrad III. (and Franconia) — 
 
 45 Conrad IV. 
 
 46 Conrad V. or Conradin — 
 
 38 Conrad I. duke of Franconia — 
 
 39 Conrad II. — 
 41 Conrad III. — 
 41 Conrad IV. — 
 
 43 Conrad V. — 
 
 44 Conrad VI. 
 
 41 Conrad I. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 42 Conrad II. — 
 44 Conrad of Suabia, first elector 
 
 Palatine — 
 
 39 Conrad the Red, duke of Lorraine 
 44 Constance duchess of Bretagne 
 41 Contarini, Domenico I. doge of 
 
 Venice — 
 
 46 Contarini, Giacomo, doge — 
 48 Contarini, Andrea, doge — 
 
 53 Contarini, Francesco, doge — 
 
 53 Contarini, Nicolo, doge — 
 
 54 Contarini, Carlo, doge — 
 54 Contarini, Domenico II. doge — 
 54 Contarini, Luigi, doge — 
 
 48 Cornaro, Marco, doge — 
 
 53 Cornaro, Giovanni I. doge — 
 
 54 Cornaro, Francesco, doge — 
 
 55 Cornaro. Giovanni II. doge — 
 
 56 Cornwallis, Charles marquis, go- 
 
 vernor-general of India — 
 
 57 Cornwallis, marquis, governor- 
 
 general a second time 
 
 49 Cosmo de Medici lord of Florence 
 51 Cosmo I. de Medici the Great, 
 
 grand duke of Tuscany — 
 
 53 Cosmo II. — 
 
 54 Cosmo III. — 
 51 Croy, William de, governor of 
 
 the Netherlands — 1505 
 
 1341 
 1346 
 1119 
 1733 
 1737 
 
 1726 
 1778 
 1632 
 1680 
 1716 
 1743 
 
 976 
 1391 
 1545 
 1623 
 1675 
 1611 
 1648 
 1586 
 1591 
 1449 
 
 1550 
 
 1477 
 
 987 
 1040 
 1112 
 1156 
 1119 
 1188 
 1076 
 1057 
 1128 
 
 982 
 1030 
 1191 
 1235 
 1254 
 
 891 
 
 939 
 1004 
 1011 
 1116 
 1167 
 1047 
 1054 
 
 1156 
 
 944 
 
 1196 
 
 1043 
 1275 
 1367 
 1623 
 1630 
 1655 
 1659 
 1676 
 1365 
 1624 
 1656 
 1709 
 
 1786 
 
 1805 
 1434 
 
 1537 
 1609 
 1670 
 
I. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 
 
 A. D. 
 
 N° 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N c 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 44 Dandolo, Enrico, doge of Venice 
 
 1192 
 
 49 Francis Sforza duke of Milan — 
 
 1447 
 
 42 
 
 Godfrey the Bearded, duke of 
 
 
 46 Dandolo, Giovanni, doge — 
 
 1279 
 
 51 
 
 Francis-Mary duke of Milan — 
 
 1521 
 
 
 Tuscany — 
 
 1055 
 
 47 Dandolo, Francesco, doge — 
 
 1328 
 
 51 
 
 Francis I. of France duke of 
 
 
 40 
 
 Godfrey I. duke of L. Lorraine 
 
 959 
 
 47 Dandolo, Andrea, doge — 
 
 1343 
 
 
 Milan — 
 
 1515 
 
 40 
 
 Godfrey II. — 
 
 964 
 
 52 Da Ponte, Nicolo, doge — 
 
 1578 
 
 48 
 
 Francis I. lord of Mantua — 
 
 1382 
 
 41 
 
 Godfrey III. — 
 
 1005 
 
 48 Dolfin, Giovanni, doge — 
 
 1356 
 
 48 
 
 Francis II duke of Mantua — 
 
 1540 
 
 41 
 
 Godfrey IV. the Hardy — 
 
 1043 
 
 51 Donato, Francesco, doge — 
 
 1545 
 
 53 
 
 Francis III. — 
 
 1612 
 
 42 
 
 Godfrey V. Bossu — 
 
 1069 
 
 53 Donato, Leonardo, doge — 
 
 1606 
 
 49 
 
 Francis I. duke of Bretagne — 
 
 1442 
 
 42 
 
 Godfrey VI. of Bouillon 
 
 1089 
 
 53 Donato, Nicolo, doge — 
 
 1618 
 
 50 
 
 Francis II. — 
 
 1458 
 
 43 
 
 Godfrey VII. the Great — 
 
 1106 
 
 40 Drogo count of Bretagne — 
 
 952 
 
 51 
 
 Francis I. of France duke of 
 
 
 43 
 
 Godfrey VIII. — 
 
 1140 
 
 
 
 
 Bretagne — 
 
 1524 
 
 43 
 
 Godfrey IX. the Valiant — 
 
 1143 
 
 50 Eberhard, first duke of Wurtem- 
 
 
 51 
 
 Francis I. duke of Lorraine — 
 
 1544 
 
 43 
 
 Godfrey count of Namur ■ — 
 
 1105 
 
 burg — 
 
 1457 
 
 53 
 
 Francis II. — 
 
 1624 
 
 40 
 
 Godfrey count of Hainault ■ — 
 
 973 
 
 50 Eberhard II. le Jeune — 
 
 1496 
 
 55 
 
 Francis III. Stephen — 
 
 1729 
 
 41 
 
 Gothelon duke of Lower Lorraine 
 
 1023 
 
 53 Eberhard III. — 
 
 1628 
 
 42 
 
 Frederic duke of Tuscany — 
 
 1052 
 
 41 
 
 Gothelon I. duke of Lorraine — 
 
 1033 
 
 39 Eberhard duke of Franconia — 
 
 912 
 
 42 
 
 Frederic lord of Ferrara — 
 
 1067 
 
 41 
 
 Gothelon II. — 
 
 1043 
 
 39 Eberhard duke of Bavaria — 
 
 937 
 
 50 
 
 Frederic I. marquis of Mantua 
 
 1478 
 
 46 
 
 Gradenigo, Pietro. doge of Venice 
 
 1289 
 
 53 Edward duke of Parma — 
 
 1622 
 
 52 
 
 Frederic II. duke of Mantua — 
 
 1519 
 
 47 
 
 Gradenigo, Hartolomeo — 
 
 1343 
 
 49 Elizabeth duchess of Luxemburg 
 
 1415 
 
 53 
 
 Frederic-Henry of Orange stadt- 
 
 
 48 
 
 Gradenigo, Giovanni, doge — 
 
 1355 
 
 52 Emmanuel Philibert duke of 
 
 
 
 holder — 
 
 1625 
 
 51 
 
 Grimani, Antonio, doge — 
 
 1521 
 
 Savoy, gov. of the N.lands — 
 
 1555 
 
 40 
 
 Frederic count of Luxemburg — 
 
 998 
 
 52 
 
 Grimani, Marino, doge — 
 
 1595 
 
 38 Erispoe count of Bretagne — 
 
 851 
 
 41 
 
 Frederic of Luxemburg duke of 
 
 
 55 
 
 Grimani, Pietro, doge — 
 
 1741 
 
 53 Erizzo, Francesco, doge of Venice 
 
 1631 
 
 
 Lower Lorraine — 
 
 1048 
 
 51 
 
 Gritti, Andrea, doge — 
 
 1523 
 
 44 Ermensind I. ess. of Luxemburg 
 
 1196 
 
 42 
 
 Frederic I. duke of Suabia — 
 
 1080 
 
 44 
 
 Guelph duke of Tuscany — 
 
 1153 
 
 45 Ermensind II. — 
 
 1214 
 
 43 
 
 Frederic II. de Borgne — 
 
 1105 
 
 42 
 
 Guelph I. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 1071 
 
 41 Ernest I. duke of Suabia — 
 
 1012 
 
 43 
 
 Frederic III. Barbarossa — 
 
 1147 
 
 43 
 
 Guelph II. — 
 
 1101 
 
 41 Ernest II. — 
 
 1015 
 
 44 Frederic IV. (and Franconia) — 
 
 1152 
 
 40 Guerec de Nantes count of Bre- 
 
 
 51 Ernest I. duke of Brunswick — 
 
 1532 
 
 44 
 
 Frederic V. — 
 
 1169 
 
 
 tagne — 
 
 980 
 
 52 Ernest II. — 
 
 1592 
 
 45 
 
 Frederic VI. — 
 
 1208 
 
 39 
 
 Gurmallion count — 
 
 907 
 
 54 Ernest-Augustus first elector of 
 
 
 49 
 
 Frederic I. duke of Brunswick 
 
 1434 
 
 38 
 
 Gurvan de Rennes count — 
 
 874 
 
 Hanover — 
 
 1691 
 
 53 
 
 Frederic II. — 
 
 1636 
 
 39 
 
 Guy duke of Tuscany — 
 
 919 
 
 48 Ernest duke of Bavaria — 
 
 1397 
 
 52 
 
 Frederic I. duke of Wurtemburg 
 
 1593 
 
 43 
 
 Guy-Salinguerra lord of Ferrara 
 
 1118 
 
 50 Ernest elector of Saxony — 
 
 1464 
 
 56 
 
 Frederic-Eugene duke — 
 
 1795 
 
 49 
 
 Guy I. Torelli, count of Guas- 
 
 
 42 Eudes I. duke of Burgundy — 
 
 1078 
 
 56 
 
 Frederic II duke — 
 
 1797 
 
 
 talla — 
 
 1406 
 
 43 Eudes II. , — 
 
 1142 
 
 49 
 
 Frederic 1. of Nuremburg elector 
 
 
 50 
 
 Guy II. Galeotto, count — 
 
 1460 
 
 44 Eudes III. — 
 
 1 193 
 
 
 of Branrlenburgh — 
 
 1415 
 
 48 
 
 Guy lord of Mantua — 
 
 1360 
 
 47 Eudes IV. — 
 
 1315 
 
 49 
 
 Frederic II. Dent de fer — 
 
 1430 
 
 45 
 
 Guy de Tours regent of Bre- 
 
 
 43 Eudes duke of Bretagne — 
 
 1148 
 
 49 
 
 Frederic I. the Victorious, elector 
 
 
 
 tagne — 
 
 1203 
 
 
 
 
 Palatine — 
 
 1449 
 
 46 
 
 Guy I. de Dampierre marquis of 
 
 
 42 Faliero, Vitale, doge of Venice 
 
 1084 
 
 51 
 
 Frederic II. the Wise — 
 
 1544 
 
 
 Namur — 
 
 1263 
 
 43 Faliero, Ordelafo, doge — 
 
 1102 
 
 52 
 
 Frederic III. the Pious — 
 
 1559 
 
 47 
 
 Guy II. marquis of Namur — 
 
 1335 
 
 48 Faliero, Marino, doge — 
 
 1354 
 
 52 
 
 Frederic IV. — 
 
 1583 
 
 46 
 
 Guy de Dampierre count of 
 
 
 52 Ferdinand I. de Medici grand 
 
 
 53 
 
 Frederic V. — 
 
 1610 
 
 
 Flanders — 
 
 1280 
 
 duke of Tuscany — 
 53 Ferdinand II. de Medici — 
 
 1587 
 
 49 
 
 Frederic I. elector of Saxony — 
 Frederic II. the Good — 
 
 1423 
 
 
 
 
 1621 
 
 49 
 
 1428 
 
 55 
 
 Harrac-Rohrau, Frederic count 
 
 
 56 Ferdinand III. — 
 
 1790 
 
 50 
 
 Frederic III. the Wise — 
 
 1486 
 
 
 de, governor of the N.lands 
 
 1741 
 
 56 Ferdinand, Don, duke of Parma 
 
 1765 
 
 54 
 
 Frederic-Augustus I. elector of 
 
 
 57 
 
 Harrison, W. H., president of 
 
 
 51 Ferdinand I. de Gonzaga count 
 
 
 
 Saxony — 
 
 1694 
 
 
 the United States — 
 
 1841 
 
 of Guastalla — 
 
 1539 
 
 55 
 
 Frederic-Augustus II. — 
 
 1733 
 
 56 
 
 Hastings, Warren, governor- 
 
 
 52 Ferdinand II. duke — 
 
 1575 
 
 56 
 
 Frederic-Christian — 
 
 1763 
 
 
 general of India — 
 
 1774 
 
 53 Ferdinand III. — 
 
 1632 
 
 56 
 
 Frederic-Augustus III. — 
 
 1763 
 
 57 Hastings, Francis, marquis of. 
 
 
 53 Ferdinand duke of Mantua — 
 
 1612 
 
 40 
 
 Frederic I. duke of Lorraine — 
 
 959 
 
 
 governor-general of India — 
 
 1813 
 
 53 Ferdinand, Don, governor of the 
 
 
 41 
 
 Frederic II. — 
 
 1026 
 
 43 
 
 Henry of Bavaria, count of Tus- 
 
 
 Netherlands — 
 
 1633 
 
 54 
 
 Fromiata, Louis marquis de, go- 
 
 
 
 cany — 
 
 1133 
 
 45 Ferdinand count of Flanders — 
 
 1206 
 
 
 vernor of the Netherlands — 
 
 1659 
 
 40 
 
 Henry I. duke of Burgundy — 
 
 965 
 
 54 Ferdinand-Mary elector of Ba- 
 
 
 52 
 
 Fuentes, Pedro d'Asorvedo count 
 
 
 41 
 
 Henry II. — 
 
 1015 
 
 varia — 
 
 1651 
 
 
 de, gov. of the Netherlands — 
 
 1595 
 
 43 
 
 Henry I. duke of L. Lorraine — 
 
 1101 
 
 54 Feria, Inigo duke de, governor of 
 
 
 47 Fulke lord of Ferrara 
 
 1308 
 
 44 
 
 Henry II. the Warrior, duke of 
 
 
 the Netherlands 
 
 1668 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brabant — 
 Henry III. 
 
 1190 
 1235 
 
 45 Ferri 1. duke of Lorraine — 
 
 1205 
 
 36 
 
 Galbajo,Giovanni,doge of Venice 
 
 787 
 
 45 
 
 45 Ferri II. — 
 
 1206 
 
 47 
 
 Galeas I. lord of Milan — 
 
 1322 
 
 45 
 
 Henry IV. — 
 
 1248 
 
 46 Ferri III. — 
 
 1251 
 
 48 
 
 Galeas II. — 
 
 1354 
 
 43 
 
 Henry II. count of Namur — 
 
 1139 
 
 47 Ferri IV. — 
 
 1312 
 
 50 
 
 Galeas-Mary duke of Milan — 
 
 1466 
 
 46 
 
 Henry de Courtenay marquis of 
 
 
 41 Flabanaco, Dominico, doge of 
 
 
 40 
 
 Geoffrey I. duke of Bretagne — 
 
 992 
 
 
 Namur — 
 
 1226 
 
 Venice — 
 
 1032 
 
 44 
 
 Geoffrey II. — 
 
 1171 
 
 42 
 
 Henry I. count of Luxemburg — 
 
 1086 
 
 41 Florence I. count of Friesland 
 
 1049 
 
 54 
 
 George-William I.duke of Bruns- 
 
 
 43 
 
 Henry II. the Blind — 
 
 1136 
 
 42 Florence II. count of Holland — 
 
 1091 
 
 
 wick — 
 
 1665 
 
 45 
 
 Henry III. the Great — 
 
 1226 
 
 44 Florence III. — 
 
 1157 
 
 54 George- Louis elector of Hanover 
 
 1698 
 
 46 
 
 Henry IV. — 
 
 1275 
 
 45 Florence IV. — 
 
 1223 
 
 55 
 
 George-Augustus elector — 
 
 1727 
 
 46 
 
 Henry V. — ■ 
 
 1288 
 
 46 Florence V. — 
 
 1256 
 
 56 
 
 George-William II. elector — 
 
 1760 
 
 41 
 
 Henry I. duke of Suabia — 
 
 1039 
 
 49 Foscari, Francesco, doge of Venice 
 
 1423 
 
 41 
 
 Gerard duke of Lorraine — 
 
 1048 
 
 45 
 
 Henry II. — 
 
 1219 
 
 56 Foscarini, Marco, doge — 
 
 1762 
 
 45 
 
 Giacomo lord of Ferrara — 
 
 1244 
 
 50 
 
 Henry I. duke of Brunswick — 
 
 1478 
 
 52 Francis-Mary I. de Medici grand 
 
 
 41 
 
 Gilbert count of Luxemburg — 
 
 1019 
 
 51 
 
 Henry II. — 
 
 1546 
 
 duke of Tuscany — 
 
 1574 
 
 47 
 
 Giorgi, Marino, doge of Venice 
 
 1311 
 
 47 
 
 Henry le Jeune, elector of Bran- 
 
 
 55 Francis II. — 
 
 1737 
 
 39 
 
 Giselbert duke of Burgundy — 
 
 923 
 
 
 denburg — 
 
 1319 
 
 53 Francis I. duke of Modena — 
 
 1629 
 
 39 
 
 Giselbert duke of Lorraine — 
 
 916 
 
 39 
 
 Henry I. the Quarreller, duke of 
 
 
 54 Francis II. — 
 
 1662 
 
 51 
 
 Giuliano de Medici lord of Flo- 
 
 
 
 Bavaria — 
 
 942 
 
 55 Francis III. — 
 
 1737 
 
 
 rence — 
 
 1512 
 
 40 
 
 Henry II. — 
 
 955 
 
 57 Francis IV. of Austria — 
 
 1814 
 
 51 
 
 Giulio de Medici — 
 
 1519 
 
 40 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 995 
 
 54 Francis duke of Parma — 
 
 1694 
 
 54 Ginstiniani, M. Antonio, doge of 
 
 
 41 
 
 Henry IV. — 
 
 1004 
 
 50 Francis-Mary count of Guastalla 
 
 1460 
 
 
 Venice ■ — 
 
 1684 
 
 41 
 
 Henry V. — 
 
 1025 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 I. 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 42 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 — 
 
 1052 
 
 43 
 
 Henry VII. the Black 
 
 — 
 
 1120 
 
 43 
 
 Henry VIII. the Proud 
 
 — 
 
 1126 
 
 13 
 
 Henry IX. of Austria 
 
 — 
 
 1142 
 
 44 
 
 Henry X. the Lion 
 
 — 
 
 1154 
 
 39 
 
 Henry I. the Fowler, duke 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 Saxony 
 
 — 
 
 912 
 
 43 
 
 Henry 11. the Proud 
 
 — 
 
 1136 
 
 lii 
 
 Henry III. the Lion 
 
 — 
 
 1139 
 
 44 
 
 Henry of Saxe elector Palatin 
 
 e 
 
 1196 
 
 39 
 
 Henry I. duke of Lorraine 
 
 — 
 
 940 
 
 53 
 
 Henry II. the Good 
 
 — 
 
 1608 
 
 50 
 
 Hercules I. lord of Ferrara 
 
 — 
 
 1471 
 
 51 
 
 Hercules II. duke of Ferrara 
 
 — 
 
 1534 
 
 56 
 
 Hercules duke of Modena 
 
 — 
 
 1780 
 
 39 
 
 Herman I. duke of Suabia 
 
 — 
 
 926 
 
 -10 
 
 Herman II. 
 
 — 
 
 997 
 
 41 
 
 Herman III. 
 
 — 
 
 1004 
 
 41 
 
 Herman IV. 
 
 — 
 
 1030 
 
 40 
 
 Herman-Billing duke of Saxo 
 
 11 y 
 
 960 
 
 40 
 
 Hoel IV. de Nantes count 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 Bretagne 
 
 — 
 
 953 
 
 ■12 
 
 Hoel V. duke of Bretagne 
 
 — 
 
 1066 
 
 43 
 
 Hoel VI. 
 
 — 
 
 1148 
 
 39 
 
 Hubert duke of Tuscany 
 
 — 
 
 936 
 
 40 
 
 Hugh duke (if Tuscany 
 
 — 
 
 961 
 
 89 
 
 Hugh the Black, duke of B 
 
 II- 
 
 
 
 gundy 
 
 — 
 
 938 
 
 39 
 
 Hugh the Great, duke of B 
 
 11'- 
 
 
 
 gundy 
 
 — 
 
 938 
 
 42 
 
 Hugh 1. duke of Burgundy 
 
 — 
 
 1075 
 
 48 
 
 Hugh II. the Pacific 
 
 — 
 
 1102 
 
 44 
 
 Hugh III. 
 
 — 
 
 1162 
 
 45 
 
 Hugh IV. 
 
 — 
 
 1218 
 
 47 
 
 Hugh V. 
 
 — 
 
 1305 
 
 88 
 
 Hugh duke of Suabia 
 
 of 
 
 867 
 
 52 
 
 Isabella, Donna, governante 
 
 
 
 the Netherlands 
 
 — 
 
 1599 
 
 57 Jackson, Andrew, president of 
 
 the United States — 1829 
 
 49 Jacqueline countess of Holland 1417 
 48 Jane duchess of Brabant — 1355 
 45 Jane countess of Flanders — 1206 
 
 45 Jane countess of Hainault — 1206 
 57 Jefferson, Thomas, president of 
 
 the United States — 1801 
 
 50 Joachim I. elector of Brandenburg 1499 
 
 51 Joachim II. — 1535 
 
 52 Joachim III. Frederic — 1598 
 55 John Gaston de Medici grand 
 
 duke of Tuscany — 1723 
 
 46 John I. marquis of Montferrat 1292 
 
 47 John II. Palseologus — 1338 
 
 48 John III. — 1378 
 
 49 John IV. James — 1418 
 49 John V. — 1445 
 51 John VI. George — 1530 
 
 47 John lord of Milan — 1349 
 
 48 John-Galeas duke of Milan — 1395 
 
 49 John-Mary duke — 1402 
 
 50 John-Galeas-Mary — 1476 
 
 49 John-Francis marquis of Mantua 1407 
 
 50 John-Francis II. 1484 
 49 John the Fearless, duke of Bur- 
 gundy — 1404 
 
 45 John I. the Red, duke of Bre- 
 
 tagne — 1237 
 
 46 John II. — 1286 
 
 47 John III. the Good — 1312 
 
 47 John IV de Montfort — 1341 
 
 48 John V. the Valiant — 1364 
 
 48 John VI. the Good — 1399 
 46 John I. the Victorious, duke of 
 
 Brabant — 1261 
 
 46 John II. the Pacific 1294 
 
 47 John III. the Triumphant — 1312 
 
 49 John IV. — 1415 
 
 46 John I. marquis of Namur — 1297 
 
 47 John II. — 1331 
 
 N° 
 
 49 John III. — 
 
 47 John duke of Luxemburg — 
 46 John I. count of Holland — 
 46 John II. — 
 46 John D'Avennes count of Hai 
 
 nault 
 
 53 John-Frederic duke of Wur- 
 
 temburg — ■ 
 
 45 John I. elector of Brandenburg 
 
 46 John II. — 
 
 50 John HI. Cicero — 
 50 John IV. George 
 
 48 John I. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 50 John II. 
 
 54 John-William elector Palatine — 
 
 51 John the Constant, elector of 
 
 Saxony — 
 
 51 John-Frederic elector — 
 
 53 John-George I. elector of Saxony 
 
 54 John-George II. — 
 54 John-George III. — 
 
 54 John-George IV. — 
 
 47 John I. duke of Lorraine — 
 50 John II. 
 
 45 Jolantha marchioness of Namur 
 
 50 Jolantha duchess of Lorraine — 
 
 55 Joseph duke of Guastalla — 
 
 48 Jossus I. duke of Luxemburg — 
 48 Jossus elector of Brandenburg — 
 38 J udicael count of Bretagne — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1418 
 1309 
 1296 
 1299 
 
 — 1280 
 
 1608 
 1221 
 1266 
 1486 
 1571 
 1375 
 1460 
 1690 
 
 1525 
 1532 
 1611 
 1656 
 1680 
 1631 
 1346 
 1453 
 1212 
 1473 
 1729 
 1388 
 1388 
 877 
 
 39 Lambert duke of Tuscany — 
 
 51 Lando, Pietro, doge of Venice — 
 
 52 Leicester, Robert earl of, gover- 
 
 nor of the United Provinces — 
 57 Leopold grand duke of Tus- 
 cany — 
 38 Leopold duke of Bavaria — 
 43 Leopold of Austria duke of Ba- 
 varia — 
 
 54 Leopold duke of Lorraine — 
 
 49 Lionel lord of Ferrara — 
 
 51 Loredano, Leonardo, doge of 
 
 Venice — 
 
 52 Loredano, Pietro, doge — 
 
 50 Lorenzo I. de Medici lord of 
 
 Florence — 
 
 51 Lorenzo II. de Medici — 
 
 55 Lorraine, Charles prince of, go- 
 
 vernor of the Netherlands — 
 
 43 Lothaire duke of Saxony — 
 
 51 Louisa Torelli ess. of Guastalla 
 50 Louis- Mary duke of Milan — 
 
 50 Louis XII. of France, duke of 
 
 Milan 
 
 47 Louis I. de Gonzaga lord of 
 
 Mantua — 
 
 48 Louis II. — 
 
 49 Louis III. marquis of Mantua — 
 
 52 Louis III. duke of Wurtemburg 
 54 Louis IV. — 
 
 56 Louis V. Eugene — 
 47 Louis I. de Crecy, count of Flan- 
 ders — 
 
 47 Louis II. de Male 
 
 47 Louis I. of Bavaria, elector of 
 
 Brandenburg — ■ 
 
 48 Louis II. the Roman — 
 
 44 Louis I. duke of Bavaria — 
 46 Louis II. the Severe, duke of 
 
 Bavaria and elector Palatine — 
 
 46 Louis III. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 49 Louis III. elector Palatine — 
 49 Louis IV. 
 
 51 Louis V. the Pacific — 
 
 52 Louis VI. the Easy — 
 
 47 Luchin lord of Milan 
 
 39 Ludolph duke of Suabia — 
 
 55 Koenigseck, count de, governor 
 
 of the Netherlands — 1714 
 
 929 
 1539 
 
 1579 
 
 1824 
 895 
 
 1138 
 1690 
 1441 
 
 1501 
 1567 
 
 1469 
 1516 
 
 1745 
 1106 
 1522 
 1494 
 
 — 1500 
 
 1328 
 1369 
 1442 
 1568 
 1677 
 1793 
 
 1322 
 1346 
 
 1323 
 1352 
 1183 
 
 1253 
 1294 
 1410 
 1436 
 1508 
 1576 
 1339 
 949 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 57 Madison, James, president of the 
 
 United States — 1809 
 42 Magnus Duke of Saxony — 1073 
 50 Malipiero, Pasquale, doge of Ve- 
 nice — 1457 
 
 56 Manin, Luigi, doge — 1789 
 52 Mansfeldt, Peter Ernst, count of, 
 
 governor of the Netherlands 1592 
 
 50 Marcello, Nicolo, doge of Venice 1473 
 45 Margaret de Courtenay mar- 
 chioness of Namur — 1228 
 
 44 Margaret I. countess of Flanders 1191 
 
 45 Margaret II. of Constantinople 1244 
 47 Margaret countess of Holland — 1345 
 
 45 Margaret countess of Hainault 1244 
 
 57 Maria- Louisa duchess of Parma 1814 
 
 46 Martin della Torre lord of Milan 1257 
 
 44 Mastropiero, Orio, doge ot Venice 1179 
 
 42 Matilda the Great, countess of 
 
 Tuscany — 1076 
 
 46 Matthew I. lord of Milan — 1295 
 
 46 Matthew II. — 1354 
 
 43 Matthew I. duke of Lorraine — 1139 
 
 45 Matthew II. — 1220 
 52 Maurice of Nassau stadtholder 1579 
 
 51 Maurice elector of Saxony — 1548 
 
 51 Maximilian Sforza duke of Milan 1512 
 54 Maximilian elector of Bavaria, 
 
 governor of the Netherlands 1 692 
 
 52 Maximilian duke of Bavaria — 1596 
 
 53 Maximilian elector of Bavaria — 1623 
 
 54 Maximilian-Emmanuel — 1679 
 
 55 Maximilian-Joseph I. — 1745 
 
 56 Maximilian-Joseph II. — 1799 
 53 Mello, Francesco de Mello, go- 
 vernor of the Netherlands — 1641 
 
 40 Memrao, Tribuno, doge of Ve- 
 nice — 979 
 
 53 Memmo, M. Antonio, doge ■ — 1612 
 
 42 Micheli, Vitale I. doge — 1096 
 
 44 Miclieli, Vitale II. — 1156 
 
 43 Micheli, Domenico, coge — 1117 
 
 57 Minto, Gilbert lord, governor- 
 
 general of India — 1807 
 
 49 Mocenigo, Tomaso, doge of Ve- 
 
 nice — 1414 
 
 50 Mocenigo, Pietro, doge — 1474 
 50 Mocenigo, Giovanni, doge — 1478 
 
 52 Mocenigo, Luigi, doge — 1570 
 
 54 Mocenigo, Alvise I. uoge — 1700 
 
 55 Mocenigo, Alvise, Sebastiani, 
 
 doge — 1722 
 
 56 Mocenigo, Alvise II. doge — 1763 
 
 53 Molino, Francesco, doge — 1646 
 
 57 Monroe, James, president of the 
 
 United States — 1817 
 
 54 Monterei, Juan count de. gover- 
 
 nor of the Netherlands — 1670 
 
 50 Moro, Christofero, doge of Venice 1462 
 
 43 Morosini, Domenico, doge — - 1148 
 
 45 Morosini, Marino, doge — 1249 
 45 Morosini, Michele, doge — ■ 1382 
 54 Morosini, Francesco, doge — 1688 
 
 46 Napoleon della Torre lord of 
 
 Milan 
 
 50 Nassau, Engilbert of, governor 
 of the Netherlands — 
 
 49 Niccolo Albizzi lord of Florence 
 
 47 Nicholas I. lord of Ferrara — 
 
 48 Nicholas II. — 
 48 Nicholas III. 
 
 50 Nicholas I. duke of Lorraine — 
 53 Nicholas II. Francis — ■ 
 37 Nomenoe count of Bretagne — 
 
 — 1265 
 
 1485 
 1417 
 1317 
 1361 
 1393 
 1470 
 1623 
 824 
 
 46 Obizzo II. lord of Ferrara — 1264 
 
 47 Obizzo III. — 1317 
 51 Octavius Farnese duke of Parma 1547 
 40 Orseolo, Pietro I. doge of Venice 976 
 40 Orseoio, Pietro II. — 991 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 NON-REGAL STATES 
 
 N° 
 
 41 Orseolo, Ottone, doge — 
 
 48 Otho marquis of Montferrat — 
 
 40 Otho duke of Burgundy 
 
 41 Otho duke of L. Lorraine — 
 
 40 Otho I. duke of Suabia 
 
 41 Otho II. 
 
 41 Otho III. 
 
 40 Otho duke of Franconia — 
 
 49 Otho duke of Brunswick — 
 44 Otho I. elector of Brandenburg 
 
 44 Otho II. - 
 
 45 Otho III. - 
 
 46 Otho IV. - 
 48 Otho V. le Faineant — 
 
 44 Otho I. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 45 Otho II. - 
 
 45 Otho II. elector Palatine — 
 52 Otho III. Henry - 
 
 38 Otho I. duke of Saxony — 
 
 39 Otho II. - 
 
 42 Otho III. - 
 
 46 Otto lord of Milan — 
 
 52 Parma, Alexander prince of, go- 
 vernor of the Netherlands — 
 
 54 Parma, Alexander prince of — 
 
 37 Participazio, Angelo, doge of 
 Venice — 
 
 37 Participazio, Giustiniani, doge — 
 
 37 Participazio, Giovanni I., doge 
 
 38 Participazio, Orso I., doge — ■ 
 
 38 Participazio, Giovanni II., doge 
 
 39 Participazio, Orso II., doge — 
 38 Pasquito de Vannes, count of 
 
 Bretagne — 
 
 54 Pesaro, Giovanni, doge of Venice 
 56 Peter- Leopold of Austria, grand 
 
 duke of Tuscany — 
 
 49 Peter-Guy I. count of Guastalla 
 
 50 Peter-Guy II. — 
 
 51 Peter- Louis Farnese duke of 
 
 Parma — 
 
 45 Peter I. Mauclerc, duke of Bre- 
 tagne — 
 49 Peter II. — 
 45 Peter de Courtenay, marquis of 
 Namur — 
 44 Philip marquis of Tuscany — 
 
 55 Philip, Don, duke of Parma — 
 49 Philip-Mary duke of Milan — 
 
 47 Philip I. duke of Burgundy — 
 
 48 Philip 1 1, the Hardy — 
 
 49 Philip III. the Good — 
 
 50 Philip le Beau assumes the go- 
 
 vernment of the Netherlands 
 
 44 Philip I. marquis of Namur — 
 
 45 Philip II. de Courtenay — 
 47 Philip III. — 
 
 49 Philip I. duke of Brabant — 
 44 Philip of Alsace count of Flan- 
 ders — 
 
 44 Philip duke of Suabia — 
 
 50 Philip elector Palatine — 
 
 54 Philip-William elector Palatine 
 
 50 Pietro de Medici lord of Flo- 
 
 rence 
 
 51 Pietro Sodorini gonfalonier of 
 
 Florence 
 
 55 Pisani, Luigi, doge of Venice 
 43 Polani, Pietro, doge 
 
 52 Priuli, Lorenzo, doge 
 
 52 Priuli, Girolamo, doge 
 
 53 Priuli, Antonio, doge 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1009 
 1372 
 
 956 
 1001 
 
 973 
 1045 
 1047 
 
 955 
 1434 
 1170 
 1184 
 1221 
 1282 
 1365 
 1180 
 1231 
 1227 
 1556 
 
 880 
 
 936 
 1062 
 1277 
 
 1578 
 1678 
 
 811 
 
 827 
 829 
 864 
 881 
 912 
 
 874 
 1658 
 
 1765 
 1449 
 1486 
 
 1545 
 
 1213 
 1450 
 
 1212 
 1195 
 1749 
 1412 
 1350 
 1363 
 1419 
 
 1494 
 1196 
 1216 
 1336 
 1427 
 
 1168 
 1196 
 1476 
 1685 
 
 — 1492 
 
 1735 
 1130 
 1556 
 1559 
 1618 
 
 43 Rampret president of Tuscany 1131 
 
 52 Ranutius I. duke of Parma — 1592 
 
 53 Ranutius II. — 1646 
 47 Raoul duke of Lorraine — 1328 
 43 Ratbod president of Tuscany — 1119 
 
 N° 
 
 41 Rechila and Herman, counts of 
 
 Hainault — 
 
 54 Reginald duke of Modena — ■ 
 
 38 Regner I. count of Hainault — 
 
 39 Regner II. — 
 
 39 Regner III. — 
 
 40 Kegner IV. — 
 
 41 Regner V. — 
 56 Reinier Paolo doge of Venice — 
 
 49 Rene d'Anjou duke of Lorraine 
 
 50 Rene duke of Lorraine — 
 52 Requesens, Don Louis de, gover- 
 nor of the Netherlands — 
 
 40 Richer count of Hainault — 
 
 38 Richard le Justicier, duke of Bur- 
 
 gundy — 
 
 41 Rinaldo duke of Tuscany — 
 49 Rinaldo Albizzi lord of Florence 
 47 Rinaldo lord of Ferrara — 
 43 Rinaldo marquis of Montferrat 
 
 41 Robert I. duke of Burgundy — 
 
 45 Robert II. — 
 
 42 Robert I. count of Flanders — 
 42 Robert II. of Jerusalem — 
 
 47 Robert III. — 
 
 39 Rodolph duke of Burgundy — 
 42 Rodolph duke of Suabia — 
 
 46 Rodolph I. le Begue, elector 
 
 Palatine — 
 
 47 Rodolph II. the Blind — 
 46 Rodolph I. elector of Saxony — 
 
 48 Rodolph II. — 
 
 48 Rodolph III. — 
 48 Rupert I. elector Palatine — 
 48 Rupert II. le Petit — 
 48 Rupert III. — 
 55 Ruzzini Carlo doge of Venice — 
 
 54 Sagredo, Nicolo, doge of Venice 
 
 43 Salinguerra-Guy I. lord of Fer- 
 
 rara — 
 
 44 Salinguerra II. — 
 
 46 Salinguerra III. — 
 38 Salomon III. count of Bretagne 
 
 55 Savoy, Eugene prince of, gover- 
 
 nor of the Netherlands — 
 50 Saxony, Albert of, governor — 
 50 Saxony, Albert of, governor — 
 
 56 Shore, Sir John, governor- 
 
 general of India — 
 
 40 Sigefrid count of Luxemburg — 
 48 Sigismund of Luxemburg, elec- 
 tor of Brandenburg — 
 50 Sigismund duke of Bavaria — 
 
 43 Sigismund I. duke of Lorraine 
 
 44 Sigismund II. — 
 42 Silvio, Domenico, doge of Venice 
 
 47 Sorazo, Giovanni, doge — 
 55 Stanislaus of Poland, duke of 
 
 Lorraine — 
 
 48 Steno, Michele, doge of Venice 
 47 Stephen, duke of Bavaria — 
 
 43 Taurello, lord of Ferrara — 
 
 44 Theobald, count of Luxemburg 
 45. Theobald I. duke of Lorraine — 
 47 Theobald II. — 
 
 47 Theodore I. Palaologus marquis 
 
 of Montferrat — 
 
 48 Theodore II. — 
 40 Thierry duke of L. Lorraine — 
 43 Thierry count of Flanders — 
 
 39 Thierry 1. count of Friesland — 
 
 40 Thierry II. — 
 
 41 Thierry III. of Jerusalem — 
 
 41 Thierry IV. — 
 
 42 Thierry V. count of Holland — 
 
 43 Thierry VI. — 
 
 44 Thierry VII. — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1030 
 
 1694 
 
 875 
 
 916 
 
 932 
 
 998 
 
 1013 
 
 1779 
 
 1431 
 
 1473 
 
 1573 
 958 
 
 877 
 1014 
 1427 
 1317 
 1126 
 1032 
 1272 
 1071 
 1093 
 1305 
 
 921 
 1057 
 
 1294 
 1327 
 1298 
 1356 
 1388 
 1353 
 1390 
 1398 
 1723 
 
 1675 
 
 1118 
 1195 
 1270 
 857 
 
 1716 
 1489 
 1781 
 
 1792 
 965 
 
 1378 
 1460 
 1115 
 1176 
 1071 
 1311 
 
 1737 
 1400 
 1347 
 
 1150 
 1196 
 1213 
 1304 
 
 1306 
 
 1381 
 
 984 
 
 1118 
 
 922 
 
 963 
 
 1003 
 
 1039 
 
 1061 
 
 1122 
 
 1190 
 
 N° 
 
 40 Thierry I. duke of Lorraine — 
 42 Thierry 1 1, the Valiant — 
 
 45 Tiepolo, Giacomo, doge of Venice 
 45 Tiepolo, Lorenzo, doge — 
 
 48 Tomaso Albizzi lord of Florence 
 
 37 Tradonico, Pietro, doge of Venice 
 52 Trevisan, M. Antonio, doge — 
 
 38 Tribuno, Pietro, doge — 
 50 Trono, Nicolo, doge — 
 57 Tyler, John, president of the 
 
 United States — 
 
 43 Ulderic marquis of Tuscany — 
 50 Ulric VI. duke of Wuitembursr 
 
 54 Valiero, Bertucci, doge of Venice 
 54 Valiero, Silvestro, doge — 
 
 54 Van Buren, Martin, president of 
 
 the United States — 
 
 50 Vendramino, Andrea, doge of 
 
 Venice — 
 
 48 Veniero, Michele, doge — 
 
 52 Veniero, Francesco, doge 
 52 Veniero, Sebastiano, doge 
 54 Villahermosa, Carlos uuke 
 
 governor of the Netherlands 
 
 52 Vincent I. duke of Mantua — 
 
 53 Vincent II. — 
 
 54 Vincent de Gonzaga, duke of 
 
 Guastalla — 
 
 de, 
 
 43 Waleran duke of L. Lorraine — 
 45 Waleran count of Luxemburg — 
 
 47 Waldemar elector of Branden- 
 
 burg — 
 
 56 Washington, George, president 
 of the United States — 
 
 56 Wellesley, Richard marquis, go- 
 vernor-general of India — 
 
 48 Wenceslas duke of Brabant — 
 48 Wenceslas I. duke of Luxemburg 
 48 Wenceslas II. 
 
 48 Wenceslas of Luxemburg, elector 
 of Brandenburg — 
 
 48 Wenceslas elector of Saxony — 
 40 William duke of Tuscany — 
 40 William I. marquis of Montferrat 
 
 42 William II. — 
 
 43 William III. the Old - 
 
 45 William IV. — 
 
 46 William V. the Great — 
 50 William VI. — 
 
 50 William VII. — 
 
 51 William duke of Mantua — 
 
 52 William 1. prince of Orange 
 
 stadtholder — 
 
 53 William II. — 
 
 54 William III. — 
 
 55 William IV. — 
 
 56 William V. — 
 
 47 William 1. marquis of Namur — 
 
 48 William II. 
 
 42 William count of Luxemburg — 
 
 43 William Cliton count of Flanders 
 45 William I. count of Holland — 
 45 William II. 
 
 47 William III. the Good — 
 
 47 William IV. — 
 
 48 William V. the Senseless — 
 
 49 William VI. 
 
 51 William duke of Brunswick — 
 
 54 William-Louis duke of Wurtem- 
 
 burg — 
 
 51 William I. duke of Bavaria — 
 
 52 William II. the Religious — 
 
 1579 
 1647 
 1672 
 1747 
 1751 
 1337 
 1391 
 1096 
 1127 
 1203 
 1234 
 1304 
 1337 
 1356 
 1404 
 1546 
 
 1674 
 1508 
 1579 
 
 46 Zeno, Hanieri, doge of Venice — ■ 1252 
 
 44 Ziani, Sebastiano, doge — ■ 1173 
 
 45 Ziani, Pietro, doge — 1205 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 II. 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 11 Achaeus, birth of — 
 
 12 exhibits tragedy — 
 
 10 jEschylus, birth of 
 
 thon 
 gedy 
 
 began to exhibit — 
 
 at the battle of Mara- 
 
 gains the prize in tra- 
 
 death of — 
 
 13 jEschines, orat., birth of — 
 
 13 is present at Mantinea 
 
 14 is assisted by Fubulus 
 
 14 withdraws to Asia — 
 
 14 death of — 
 
 8 iEsop, birth of — 
 
 9 death of — 
 
 18 Agatharchides, hist, tutor to the 
 
 sons of Ptolemy Physcon — 
 12 Agathon, gains the tragic prize 
 
 12 at the court of Arche- 
 
 laiis — 
 
 8 Alcaeus of Mytilene, lyric — 
 is engaged in the war 
 
 with the Athenians 
 
 in exile, and opposed to 
 
 Pittacus 
 17 Alcaeus of Messenia, poeta — 
 
 7 Alcman, the Lydian, lyric — 
 15 Alexander yEtolus, trag. — 
 
 19 Alexander Polyhistor, gram. — 
 13 Alexis of the Middle Comedy sa- 
 tirizes Plato — 
 
 14 still living — 
 
 5 Amos the Prophet — 
 
 9 Anacharsis comes to Athens — 
 9 Anacreon the poet begins to be 
 distinguished — 
 
 10 at the court of Poly- 
 crates of Samos — 
 
 10 comes to Athens — 
 
 11 Anaxagoras. phi)., birth of — 
 
 11 settles at Athens — 
 
 12 withdraws from Athens, 
 
 his pupils had there been Ar- 
 chelaiis, Euripides, and Peri- 
 cles — 
 
 12 prosecuted for impiety 
 
 12 death of — 
 
 13 Anaxandrides of the Middle Co- 
 
 medy gains his first prize — 
 
 14 exhibits at the Olympia 
 
 at Dium — 
 
 14 Anaxarchus, phil., the compa- 
 nion of Alexander — 
 
 20 Anaxilaus, the Pythagorean of 
 
 Larissa exiled — 
 
 8 Anaximander of Miletus, birth of 
 10 still living — 
 
 10 Anaximenes, phil. and hist — 
 12 Anaximenes, hist. — 
 14 Anaxippus of the New Comedy 
 
 11 Andocides, orat, birth of — 
 
 12 
 11 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 commands a fleet — 
 ■ imprisoned on the mu- 
 tilation of the Hermae — 
 
 in exile at Elis — 
 
 resumes public life • — ■ 
 
 is banished, and dies in 
 
 exile 
 
 19 Andronicus of Rhodes, gram. — 
 13 Androtion, orat, pupil of Iso- 
 
 crates. engages in public affairs 
 
 15 Antagoras Rhodius, poeta, fl. at 
 
 the court of Antigonus — 
 
 16 Antigonus of Carystus, biog. — 
 5 Antimachus of Teos, poeta — 
 
 12 Antimachus, poeta — 
 
 19 Antiochus acadeinicus accompa- 
 nies Lucullus to Alexandria — 
 18 Antipater of Tarsus succeeds 
 Dionysius Babylonius — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 484 
 447 
 525 
 499 
 
 490 
 
 484 
 484 
 389 
 362 
 343 
 330 
 314 
 620 
 564 
 
 113 
 
 416 
 
 405 
 611 
 
 — 606 
 
 5S9 
 197 
 671 
 273 
 83 
 
 356 
 306 
 790 
 592 
 
 559 
 
 531 
 525 
 
 500 
 480 
 
 450 
 432 
 428 
 
 376 
 
 347 
 
 339 
 
 28 
 610 
 547 
 548 
 365 
 303 
 467 
 432 
 
 415 
 
 404 
 402 
 
 391 
 
 58 
 
 385 
 
 269 
 225 
 753 
 405 
 
 87 
 
 144 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 18 Antipater of Sidon. epig. — 127 
 
 19 Antipater of Tyre, the stoic, fl. 74 
 
 12 Antiphanes of the Middle Come- 
 
 dy, birth of — 404 
 
 13 first exhibits — 383 
 
 14 death of — 330 
 
 11 Antiphon, orat, the tutor of Thu- 
 
 cydides, birth of — 479 
 
 12 — death of — 411 
 
 13 Antisthenes, phil. — 365 
 
 17 Antisthenes the Rhodian, hist. 198 
 
 14 Apelles, pictor. — 332 
 
 15 Anyte of Tegea, poetria, epig. — 278 
 
 13 Aphareus, the nephew of iso- 
 
 crates, exhibits tragedy — 368 
 
 14 still living — 341 
 
 14 Apollodorus of Gela, of the New 
 
 Comedy — 326 
 
 16 Apollodorus of Carystus, of the 
 
 New Comedy — 230 
 
 18 Apollodorus of Athens, hist. — 145 
 
 19 Apollodorus of Pergamus — 64 
 
 20 the preceptor of Octa- 
 
 vius — 44 
 
 17 Apollonius Rhodius, librarian at 
 
 Alexandria — 194 
 
 19 Apollonius Molo, rhetor., the pre- 
 ceptor of Cicero, Lucceius, and 
 Caesar — 88 
 
 13 Araros of the Middle Comedy, 
 
 son of Aristophanes, exhinits 375 
 
 15 Aratus of Soli, poeta, fl. at the 
 
 court of Antigonus — 
 
 15 Aratus of Sicvon, hist, birth of 
 
 16 death of — 
 
 15 Arcesilaiis, phil. — 
 
 15 directs the Middle Aca- 
 
 16 
 
 demy 
 
 death of 
 
 14 Archedicus of the New Comedy 
 12 Archelaiis, the first Athenian who 
 
 taught philosophy at Athens 
 
 18 Archias the poet in his youth 
 
 comes to Home — 
 
 19 is with Lucullus in Asia 
 
 19 still living — 
 
 6 Archilocus of Thasos — 
 
 16 Archimedes, birth of — 
 
 17 death of — 
 
 16 Archimelus, poeta — 
 12 Archinus, orat. — 
 
 12 Archippus of the Middle Comedy 
 5 Arctinus of Miletus — 
 8 Arion, lyric, invented the Cyclian 
 
 chorus — 
 
 11 Aristarchus, tragic poet — 
 
 15 Aristarchus of Samos, critic — 
 
 17 Aristarchus the critic — 
 
 13 Aristippus, phil. — 
 
 16 Aristo Ceus succeeds Lycon at 
 
 the Lyceum — 
 
 12 Aristomenes, comic poet, fl. — 
 
 17 Aristonymus, librarian at Alex- 
 
 andria — 
 
 17 death of — 
 
 12 Aristophanes first exhibits — 
 
 13 ■ his last exhibition — 
 
 17 Aristophanes of Byzantium, critic 
 
 12 Aristophon the Azenian, orat. — 
 
 13 accuses the trierarchs 
 
 13 prosecutes Timotheus 
 
 14 Aristophon Colyttensis, orat — 
 13 Aristotle, birth of — 
 
 13 - 
 
 14 - 
 14 - 
 
 lene 
 
 comes to Athens — 
 goes to Atarnae — 
 
 leaves Atarnae for Myti- 
 
 at the court of Philip — 
 returns to Athens — 
 death of — 
 
 14 - 
 14 - 
 14 - 
 8 Aristoxenus of Selinus, iamb. 
 
 272 
 271 
 213 
 2U9 
 
 278 
 241 
 302 
 
 450 
 
 102 
 86 
 61 
 708 
 287 
 212 
 221 
 402 
 415 
 775 
 
 625 
 454 
 280 
 156 
 365 
 
 226 
 
 424 
 
 183 
 171 
 
 427 
 388 
 200 
 403 
 362 
 354 
 341 
 384 
 367 
 347 
 
 344 
 342 
 334 
 322 
 628 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 18 Artemidorus of Ephesus, geog. 103 
 17 Asclepiades of Myrlea — - 196 
 13 Astydamus first exhibits tragedy 398 
 13 Astydamus the younger gains 
 
 the prize in tragedy — 372 
 
 19 Athenaeus, rhetor. — 62 
 
 20 Athenaeus, peripat. — 22 
 20 Athenodorus the preceptor of 
 
 Augustus governs Tarsus — 30 
 
 19JiElius Grammaticus — 100 
 
 19 iElius Tubero. hist. — 59 
 
 20 jEmilius Macer the elder, poeta, 
 
 death of — 16 
 
 19 M. iEmilius Scaurus — 90 
 
 17 Albinus the consul, a writer of 
 
 history — 151 
 
 20 Albutius Silo, rhetor. — 6 
 
 18 M. Antonius, orat, birth of — 142 
 
 19 defends Aquillius — 98 
 
 19 censor — 97 
 
 19 slain — 87 
 
 19 Antonius Gnipo. gram. — 66 
 
 19 Asinius Pollio, birth of — 76 
 
 20 commands in Spain — 45 
 
 20 Atratinus, orat. — 21 
 
 20 Atteius, philol. gram., birth of— 39 
 19 Atticus the friend of Cicero, birth 
 
 of — 109 
 
 19 returns from Athens to 
 
 Rome 
 
 2(1 
 
 death of 
 
 17 Attius, trag , birth of 
 
 18 exhibits 
 
 19 Aurelius Opilius, rhetor. 
 
 40 Abbo, monk of Fleury — 
 
 44 Absolom, abp. of Lund — 
 
 44 Abdollatiph, Persian hist. — 
 43 Abelard, Peter — 
 
 45 Abulfaragius, Arabian hist. — 
 47 Abulfeda, Arabian geog. — 
 30 Acacius, patriarch of Constanti- 
 nople — 
 
 35 Acca, bishop of Hexham — 
 
 45 Accursius of Florence — 
 
 42 Adam, canon of Bremen — 
 
 35 Adamnan, abbot of Iona — 
 
 55 Addison, Joseph — 
 
 38 Ado, abp. of Vienne — 
 
 40 jElfric, abp. of Canterbury — 
 
 40 jElfric, bishop of Crediton — 
 
 23 JEVian — 
 
 28 jElius Donatus — 
 
 27 JEiius Lampridius — 
 26 jElius Spartianus — 
 32 Agathias, Byzantine hist. — 
 37 Agobard, abp. of Lyons — 
 
 50 Agricola, Rodolphus — 
 
 51 Agrippa, Cornelius — 
 
 37 Aimon of St. Germain de Pres — 
 40 Aimon, abbot of Fleury — 
 
 28 Alban St. protomartyr — 
 53 Albano, Francesco — 
 
 38 Albategni, Arabian astron. — 
 46 Albertet, provencal poet — 
 46 Albertus Magnus — 
 
 35 Albinus, abbot of St. Augustine 
 40 Albirumus, Arabian geog. — 
 
 37 Albumazar, Arabian astron. — 
 31 Alcimus Avitus — 
 
 36 Alcuin of York — 
 34 Aldhelm, abbot of Malmsbury — 
 44 Al Edrisius, Arabian geog. — 
 50 Alexander ab Alexandro — 
 
 39 Alfarabius, Arabian phil. — 
 56 Alfieri, Vittorio — 
 
 38 Alfraganus Logista — 
 43 Aimed of Beverley — 
 28 Ambrose, bishop of Milan — 
 28 Aminianus Marcellinus — 
 
 65 
 
 32 
 
 170 
 
 140 
 
 92 
 
 A.D. 
 
 978 
 1178 
 1197 
 1144 
 1246 
 1321 
 
 471 
 739 
 
 1216 
 
 1067 
 704 
 
 1711 
 856 
 995 
 990 
 114 
 353 
 314 
 291 
 565 
 816 
 
 1464 
 
 1515 
 818 
 986 
 400 
 
 1609 
 881 
 
 1-89 
 
 1260 
 740 
 981 
 841 
 
 509 
 782 
 
 681 
 1155 
 1498 
 
 947 
 1778 
 
 879 
 1139 
 
 374 
 
 360 
 
II. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 28 Ammonianus of Alexandria — 389 
 38 Anastatius, bibliothecarius — 8fi(5 
 51 Angelo, Michael — 1522 
 
 29 Anianus of Alexandria — 402 
 31 Anien, chancellor to Alaric — 506 
 50 Annius of Viterbo — 1475 
 
 26 Anthony St. — 281 
 45 Anthony St. of Padua — 1221 
 
 21 Apion of Alexandria — 33 
 
 22 Apollonius Tyanaeus — 83 
 47 Apono, Peter'de — 1301 
 
 23 Appian of Alexandria — 143 
 23 Aquila the Intrepreter — 128 
 55 Arbuthnot, Dr. John , — 1725 
 
 31 Aredius, jurisconsult — 501 
 
 49 Aretine, Leonard — 1406 
 
 41 Aretine, Guy — 1021 
 
 50 Argyropolis, Johannes — 1457 
 
 51 Ariosto, Ludovico — 1507 
 23 Aristides of Athens — 127 
 
 27 Arius of Alexandria — 325 
 
 42 Arius Polyhistor — 109S 
 
 52 Arminius, James — 1591 
 
 26 Arnobius of Sicca — 285 
 
 43 Arnold of Brescia — 1146 
 57 Arnold. Dr. Thomas — 1829 
 
 47 Arnoldus de Villanova — 1306 
 23 Arrian — 136 
 
 23 Artemidorus Daldianus — 146 
 
 42 Arzachel of Toledo — 1079 
 
 30 Asaph St. bishop — 500 
 
 22 Ascanius Pedianus — 76 
 
 52 Ascham, Roger — 1560 
 21 Asinius Gallus — 8 
 
 38 Asser, bishop of Sherborne — 910 
 
 27 Athanasius St — 326 
 
 24 Athenagoras — 168 
 24 Athenaeus of Naucratis — 172 
 
 43 Athelard of Bath — 1129 
 55 Atterburv, bishop — 1714 
 
 28 Augustine St. — 394 
 
 32 Augustine, abp. of Canterbury 597 
 
 23 Aulus Gellius — 149 
 28 Aurelius Victor — 363 
 
 28 Ausonius — 379 
 43 Averroes of Cordova — 1136 
 41 Avicenna of Bochara — 1001 
 
 39 Azophi, Arabian astron. — 934 
 56JAbercromby, Sir Ralph — 1795 
 
 53 Abbot. Archbishop — 1621 
 26 Achileus, tyrant of Egypt — 287 
 
 35 Adelasis, son of Musa — 716 
 
 36 Adelgisus the Lombard — 776 
 
 40 jElfric, duke of Mercia — 969 
 
 29 /Etius, Western general — 431 
 
 35 Agallianus, Eastern general — 729 
 
 41 Agelnoth. abp. of Canterbury — 1020 
 
 48 Agnello, John — 1364 
 
 21 Agrippina, wife to Germanicus 19 
 
 22 Agrippina, Empress — 51 
 
 38 Ahmed, governor of Egypt i — 868 
 34 Alahis, duke of Trent — 692 
 
 49 Albany, Robert regent duke of 1406 
 49 Albany, Murdoch regent duke of 1420 
 51 Albany, John regent duke of — 1513 
 
 54 Albemarle, Monk duke of — 1660 
 
 39 Alberic, governor of Rome — 933 
 
 55 Alberoni, Cardinal — 1717 
 
 47 Albornos, Cardinal — 1348 
 
 48 Albuquerque, minister to Peter 
 
 the Cruel — 1354 
 
 51 Albuquerque, Alfonso — 1503 
 
 42 Aldred, abp. of Canterbury — 1066 
 26 Allectus, tyrant of Britain — 293 
 
 36 Alexius, Eastern general — 782 
 38 Algitrudis, queen of Italy — 894 
 
 52 Allen, Cardinal — 1586 
 31 Amalasunta, regent of the Ostro- 
 goths — 527 
 
 51 Amboise, Cardinal — 1501 
 
 56 Amherst, General lord — 1776 
 
 N° 
 
 33 Amrus. Arabian general — 
 
 27 Anabalianus — 
 29 Anatolius, Roman general — 
 33 Andegisil, maire du palais — 
 
 28 Andragathius, Roman general 
 51 Angouleme, regent dss. of — 
 
 51 Anguin, Count — 
 
 28 Anicius Probus — 
 48 Anjou, Louis duke of — 
 
 52 Anjou, duke of — 
 
 53 Anne of Austria — 
 
 51 Annebaut, Admiral — 
 43 Anselm, Archbishop — 
 55 Anson, Admiral lord — 
 
 23 Antinous — 
 
 29 Antiochus the Persian — 
 43 Aquitaine, William duke of — 
 
 28 Arbogastes, Roman minister — 
 33 Archambaud. maire du palais — 
 
 29 Ardaburus, Roman general — 
 
 52 Argyll, Archibald earl of — 
 
 54 Argyll, Archibald marquis of — 
 
 55 Argyll, John duke of — 
 55 Argyll, Archibald duke of — 
 
 30 Ariadne, Empress — 
 26 Arius Aprius ■ — 
 26 Armentarius, Caesar — 
 21 Arminius, German general — 
 33 Arnoul, maire du palais — 
 32 Arnulph. Lombard general — 
 52 Arran. James earl of — 
 35 Artabasdas, Eastern minister — 
 
 47 Arteveldt, James de — 
 
 48 Arteveldt, Philip van — 
 
 47 Artois, Robert d' — 
 
 49 Arundel, Archbishop — 
 49 Arundel, John earl of — 
 26 Asclepiodotus, Roman minister 
 
 29 Aspar, Roman general — 
 
 30 Aspar, Eastern patrician — 
 28 Athanaris, Gothic general — 
 26 Athenaeus, Roman general — 
 
 48 Audley, James lord — 
 26 Aureolus, tyrant of Illyria — 
 28 Auxonius, proconsul in Asia — 
 
 24 Avidius Cassius — 
 
 12 Bacchylides, lyric, the nephew of 
 Simonides and rival of Pindar 
 15 Berosus, hist. — 
 
 10 Bias of Priene, phil. — 
 
 46 Bacon, Roger — 
 53 Bacon, Francis lord — 
 
 51 Bale, bishop of Ossory — 
 45 Balsham, Hugh de, bishop of Ely 
 
 53 Bancroft. Archbishop — 
 56 Banks, Sir Joseph — 
 50 Barbarus, Hermolaus — 
 48 Barbour, John — 
 
 47 Barlaam the Calabrian — 
 
 52 Baroccio, Frederigo — 
 
 52 Baronius, Cardinal — 
 
 54 Barron, Dr. Isaac — 
 
 56 Barthelemy, Abbe — 
 28 Basil St. — 
 54 Baxter, Richard — 
 54 Bayle, Peter — 
 
 50 Beauchamp, bp. of Salisbury — 
 35 Bede, the Venerable — 
 
 53 Bellarmine, Cardinal — 
 
 51 Bembo, Cardinal — 
 31 Benedict St. — 
 34 Benedict Biscop, abbot of Wear- 
 mouth — 
 
 44 Benedict, abbot of Peterborough 
 
 44 Benjamin of Tudela — 
 
 42 Benjezla of Bagdad — 
 
 57 Bentham, Jeremy — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 640 
 
 326 
 
 437 
 
 625 
 
 382 
 
 1520 
 
 1554 
 
 370 
 
 1376 
 
 1576 
 
 1650 
 
 1538 
 
 1101 
 
 1747 
 
 127 
 
 409 
 
 1123 
 
 388 
 
 646 
 
 429 
 
 1569 
 
 1651 
 
 1715 
 
 1736 
 
 491 
 
 283 
 
 291 
 
 10 
 
 613 
 
 592 
 
 1555 
 
 736 
 
 1337 
 
 1382 
 
 1334 
 
 1407 
 
 1425 
 
 296 
 
 433 
 
 468 
 
 376 
 
 267 
 
 13.59 
 
 965 
 
 381 
 
 171 
 
 B.C. 
 
 450 
 279 
 544 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1261 
 1601 
 1550 
 1247 
 1603 
 1768 
 1488 
 1375 
 1341 
 1555 
 1578 
 1671 
 1788 
 
 370 
 1672 
 1688 
 1451 
 
 731 
 1606 
 1519 
 
 510 
 
 674 
 1189 
 1169 
 1076 
 1806 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 53 Bentivoglio, Cardinal — 1624 
 55 Bentley, Dr. Richard — 1709 
 
 42 Berengaria of Angers — 1059 
 
 55 Berkeley. Bishop — 1736 
 
 43 Bernard St. ^- 1133 
 
 54 Bernini, John L. — 1667 
 
 50 Bessarion, Cardinal — 1453 
 
 55 Beveridge, Bishop — 1707 
 52 Beza, Theodore — 1566 
 
 56 Blair. Dr. John, chronol. — 1753 
 
 56 Blackstone. Sir William — 1766 
 49 Blondus, Flavius — 1425 
 
 48 Boccaccio, Giovanni — 1355 
 
 52 Bodin, John — 1572 
 
 53 Bodley. Sir Thomas — 1610 
 55 Boerhaave, Herman — 172H 
 31 Boethius, philosoph. — 522 
 
 54 Boileau, Nicholas — 16S5 
 
 46 Bonaventure, Cardinal — 1256 
 35 Boniface St. — 732 
 54 Bossuet, bishop of Meaux — 1693 
 
 54 Boyle, Hon. Robert — 1675 
 
 49 Bracciolini, Poggio — 1418 
 
 55 Bradlev, Dr. James — 1744 
 
 52 Brahe, Tycho — 1586 
 40 Bridferth of Ramsey — 980 
 
 47 Brompton, John — 1328 
 
 53 Browne, Sir Thomas — 1642 
 
 54 Bruyere, John de la — 1679 
 
 51 Bucer, Martin — 1530 
 
 52 Buchanan, George — 1559 
 
 56 BuflFon, Count de — 1767 
 
 51 Bullinger, Henry — 1548 
 54 Bunyan, John — 1674 
 
 44 Buono, Italian architect — 1154 
 
 57 Burgess, Bishop — 1825 
 
 54 Burnet, Bishop — 1692 
 56 Burns, Robert — 1786 
 
 53 Burton, Robert — 1621 
 
 54 Butler, Samuel — 16fi2 
 
 55 Butler, Bishop — 1734 
 
 56 Butler, Charles — 1797 
 
 57 Byron, George lord — 1811 
 51tBaber, Sultan — 1523 
 
 52 Bacon, Sir Nicholas — 1561 
 
 33 Bahanes, Eastern general — 631 
 44 Baldwin, abp. of Canterbury — 1183 
 26 Balista, Roman minister — 257 
 51 Barbarossa, Turkish general — 1535 
 23 Barchochebas the Jew — 131 
 38 Bardas, Michael — *58 
 40 Bardas Sclerus — 97 1 
 
 53 Barneveldt, Pensionary — 1613 
 30 Basiliscus, Eastern general — 465 
 
 30 Brasilius, praetorian prefect — 483 
 53 Bassompierre, Mareschal — 1629 
 
 55 Bath, Pulteney earl of — 1734 
 
 55 Bathurst, Allen earl — 1750 
 
 34 Batilda, regent of Neustria — 660 
 
 51 Beaton, Cardinal — 1546 
 49 Beaufort, duke of Exeter — 1413 
 49 Beaufort, Cardinal — 1 
 
 49 Beaufort, Edmund duke of So- 
 
 merset — 
 
 50 Beaujeau. Anne dame de — 
 
 44 Becket, Thomas a — 
 
 49 Bedford. John duke of — 
 
 56 Bedford, John duke of — 
 
 50 Behem, Martin, navigator — 
 
 31 Belisarius. general to Justinian 
 55 Bellisle, Mareschal — 
 
 53 Bellievre, Chancellor de — 
 30 Beorgor, king of the Alains — 
 37 Bernhard, count of Barcelona — 
 55 Berwick, Mareschal duke of — 
 
 45 Bigod, Roger, earl marshal — 
 
 46 Bigod, Roger, earl of Norfolk — 
 
 52 Biron, Mareschal — 
 
 54 Blake, Admiral — 
 45 Blanche, queen regent of France 
 44 Blois, Thibault count de — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 IT 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 22 
 48 
 34 
 12 
 44 
 4(i 
 46 
 51 
 53 
 57 
 29 
 51 
 50 
 57 
 56 
 40 
 49 
 52 
 51 
 50 
 I 53 
 46 
 SO 
 50 
 50 
 51 
 53 
 41 
 46 
 38 
 56 
 S3 
 56 
 40 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 36 
 
 45 
 52 
 56 
 
 22 
 47 
 56 
 
 39 
 
 Blois, William de — 
 
 Blois. Charles de — 
 
 Boadicea, queen of the Iceni — 
 Boccanegra, Spanish admiral — 
 Bodillon, Count — 
 
 Boehmond, prince of Tarentum 
 Bohun, Humphrey — 
 
 Bohun, Humphrey — 
 
 Boileau, Stephen — 
 
 Boleyn, queen Anne ■ — • 
 
 Bolingbroke, St. John viscount 
 Bolivar, Simon — 
 
 Boniface, Count — 
 
 Bonnivet, Admiral de — 
 
 Borgia, Caesar — 
 
 Borgo, count Pozzo di — 
 
 Boscawen, Admiral — 
 
 Bouchard, count de Melun — 
 Boucicault, Mareschal — 
 
 Bouillon, Turenne duke de — 
 Bourbon, Constable — 
 
 Bourchier, Cardinal — 
 
 Boyd, Robert lord — 
 
 Brabazon, Roger de — 
 
 Brachila the Goth — 
 
 Bray, Sir Reginald — 
 
 Briconnet, Cardinal — 
 
 Brion, Admiral de — 
 
 Bristol, Digby earl of — 
 
 Brithric, English admiral • — 
 Brosse, Peter de la — 
 
 Bruern of Northumbria — 
 
 Bruhl, Henry count — 
 
 Brunehaut, queen to Sigebert — 
 Brunswick, Prince Ferdinand of 
 Buchan, Earl of, constable of 
 France — 
 
 Buckingham, Villiers duke of — 
 Buckingham, Villiers duke of — 
 Burchardt, bp. of Wurtzburg — 
 Burgh, Hubert de — 
 
 Burghley, William lord — 
 
 Burke, Edmund — 
 
 Burrhus, Roman minister — 
 Bury, Richard de, bp. of Durham 
 Bute, John earl of — 
 
 Buzun the Turk — 
 
 1191 
 
 1345 
 
 60 
 
 1372 
 
 672 
 1098 
 1173 
 1292 
 1267 
 1534 
 1711 
 1823 
 
 427 
 1514 
 1495 
 1829 
 1754 
 
 994 
 1416 
 1591 
 1517 
 1465 
 1461 
 1289 
 
 475 
 1497 
 1489 
 1532 
 1620 
 1012 
 1272 
 
 866 
 1751 
 
 572 
 1760 
 
 1421 
 1622 
 1668 
 
 751 
 1220 
 1570 
 1781 
 54 
 1336 
 1762 
 
 942 
 
 B.C. 
 
 29 
 329 
 432 
 256 
 736 
 328 
 
 373 
 
 371 
 361 
 
 20 Caecilius the cotemporary of Dio- 
 nysius Halicarnassus — 
 
 14 Calippus, astron. fl. — 
 
 12 t'allias, comic poet — 
 
 15 Callimachus, poeta — 
 6 Callinus of Ephesus — 
 
 14 Callisthenes, hist., death of — 
 
 13 Callistratus, orat. (and Iphicra- 
 
 tes) prosecute Timotheus — 
 
 13 at the congress of Sparta 
 
 13 is banished — 
 
 13 is seated in the Cher- 
 sonese, — 356 
 
 13 and put to death on his 
 
 return to Athens — — 
 
 17 Callistratus, gram., the disciple 
 of Aristophanes — 
 
 16 Carneades of Cyrene, founder of 
 
 the new academy, birth of — 
 
 17 ambassador to Rome — 
 
 18 death of — 
 
 19 Castor, chronographer — 
 
 12 Cephalus, orat. 
 
 13 moves the decree 
 
 for 
 
 assisting the Theban exiles — 
 
 12 Cephisodorus gains the prize in 
 
 comedy — 
 
 14 Cephisophon, orat. — 
 
 10 Charon of Lampsacus, hist. — 
 
 8 Chersias of Orchomenus, poeta 
 
 9 Chilon, phil. — 
 9 ephor at Sparta — 
 
 11 Chionides first exhibits comedy 
 
 10 Chcerilus first exhibits tragedy 
 
 11 ■ opposed to iEschylus 
 
 11 still living — 
 
 11 Chcerilus of Samos, birth of — 
 
 12 resides at Samos in the 
 
 time of Lysander — 
 
 13 is received at the court 
 
 of Archelaiis, and dies, ante — 
 
 15 Chrysippus the stoic, birth of — 
 
 16 death of — 
 
 5 Cinaethon, poeta — 
 
 17 Cincius fl. — 
 15 Cineas, orat., accompanies Pyrr- 
 
 hus into Italy — 
 
 18 Clitomachus, phil. — 
 15 Cleanthes, phil. — 
 15 Colotes the stoic — 
 12 Comedy, decree to prohibit — 
 12 Comedy, prohibition repealed — 
 20 Conon, hist. — 
 
 14 Crantor, phil. — 
 12 Crates, comic poet — 
 
 14 Crates the cynic — 
 
 15 Crates, phil., the friend and dis- 
 
 ciple of Polemo — 
 
 17 Craies the grammarian at Rome 
 
 10 Cratinus, birth of — 
 
 11 gains the second prize 
 
 in comedy — 
 
 gains the first prize in 
 
 154 
 
 213 
 155 
 129 
 56 
 402 
 
 379 
 
 402 
 340 
 504 
 605 
 596 
 556 
 
 comedy 
 death of 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 20 Cratippus, peripat. — 
 
 17 Critolaus, peripat. ambassador to 
 
 Rome — 
 
 12 Ctesias, hist. — 
 
 13 Cydias, orat. — 
 17JCaecilius, comic poet — 
 
 17 death of — 
 
 20 Q. Caecilius Epirota, birth of — 
 
 18 Calpurnius Piso, hist. — 
 
 18 Cassius Hemina, hist. — 
 
 19 Catullus, birth of — 
 
 20 Cestius, rhetor. — 
 18 Cicero, birth of — 
 19 serves under the consul 
 
 Pompeius — 
 hears Philo and Molo 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 20 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 19 
 
 at Rome — 
 at Athens — 
 
 hears Molo at Rhodes 
 
 returns to Rome — 
 
 — engaged in pleading — 
 
 quaestor — 
 
 returns to Rome — 
 
 aedile — 
 
 praetor — 
 
 in toga Candida — 
 
 in exile — 
 
 recalled — 
 
 proconsul in Cilicia — 
 
 returns to Rome — 
 
 arrives at Brundusium 
 
 from Pharsalia 
 
 at Brundusium 
 
 Caesar 
 
 nth 
 
 death of 
 
 L. Cincius Alimentus, hist. — 
 
 19 Claudius, grammaticus — 
 18 Ccelius Antipater, Roman hist 
 
 20 Cornelius Gallus, elegiac, prae- 
 
 fect of Egypt — 
 
 20 Cornelius Nepos — 
 
 20 Cornificius, poeta, death of — 
 20 Curio, death of — 
 
 20 Curtius Nicia, gram. — 
 
 487 
 523 
 499 
 483 
 479 
 
 404 
 
 399 
 280 
 207 
 765 
 190 
 
 280 
 129 
 259 
 277 
 440 
 437 
 36 
 315 
 450 
 328 
 
 287 
 159 
 519 
 
 425 
 
 423 
 
 422 
 
 44 
 
 155 
 
 401 
 
 352 
 
 179 
 
 168 
 
 26 
 
 149 
 
 146 
 
 87 
 
 13 
 
 106 
 
 89 
 
 51 Cabot, Sebastian — 
 
 34 Caedmon, Anglo Saxon poet — 
 
 79 
 78 
 77 
 76 
 75 
 74 
 69 
 66 
 64 
 58 
 57 
 51 
 49 
 
 48 
 
 47 
 
 43 
 
 190 
 
 100 
 
 123 
 
 30 
 40 
 41 
 49 
 45 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1523 
 680 
 
 34 Callinicus of Heliopolis — 673 
 
 51 Calvin, John — 1543 
 
 52 Camden, William — 1600 
 52 Camoens, Luis de — 1561 
 
 41 Campanus of Novarro — 1030 
 44 Campanus of Lombardy — 1199 
 
 56 Campbell, Dr. George — 1703 
 
 57 Canova Antonio — 1801 
 
 50 Capnio, John Reuchlin — 1493 
 52 Caracci, Ludovico — 1587 
 52 Ciracci, Agostino — 1590 
 52 Caracci, Annibale — 1596 
 52 Caravaggio, M. A. — 1599 
 
 51 Cardan, Jerome — 1547 
 
 52 Caro, Annibale — 1551 
 52 Casaubon, Isaac — 1594 
 
 54 Cassini, John Dominic — 1696 
 
 31 Cassiodorus, historian — 514 
 
 51 Castigliogne, Balthazar — 1510 
 
 56 Cavendish, Hon. Henry — 1772 
 50 Caxton, William — 1472 
 
 42 Cedrenus, George — 1057 
 
 52 Cellini, Benvenuto — 1563 
 21 Celsus — 17 
 25 Censorinus — 238 
 
 35 Ceoifrid, abbot of Wearmouth— 701 
 
 42 Cerularius, Michael — 1053 
 
 52 Cervantes, Miguel — 1597 
 50 Chalcondyles, Demetrius — 1471 
 
 48 Chaucer, Geoffrey — 1396 
 
 57 Chantrey, Sir Francis — 1824 
 
 49 Chicheley, Archbishop — 1414 
 
 53 Chillingworth, William — 1641 
 48 Chrysolaris, Manuel — 1392 
 28 Chrysostom St. — 396 
 52 Ciaconius, Peter — 1568 
 
 46 Cimabue, Italian painter — 1267 
 
 47 Cirencester, Richard of — 1348 
 57 Clarke. Dr. Adam — 1810 
 
 55 Clarke, Dr. Samuel — 1721 
 57 Clarke, Dr. Edward Daniel — 1808 
 28 Claudian — 397 
 
 25 Clemens of Alexandria — 206 
 
 52 Clavius, Cristopher — 1582 
 57 Cobbett, William — 1810 
 
 50 Colet, Dr. John — 1496 
 
 32 Columbanus St. — 575 
 21 Columella — 32 
 44 Comestor, Peter, of Troyes — 1172 
 
 43 Comnena, Prs. Anna — 1117 
 
 51 Cooke, Sir Anthony — 1546 
 57 Cooper, Sir Astley — 1823 
 51 Copernicus, Nicholas — 1521 
 
 54 Corneille, Peter — 1657 
 51 Correggio, Antonio — 1526 
 
 53 Cortona, Pietro da — 1627 
 
 53 Cotton, Sir Robert — 1616 
 
 51 Coverdale, Bishop — 1536 
 
 56 Cowper, William — 1785 
 
 55 Crebillon, P. J.de — 1713 
 
 52 Cujas, James — 1567 
 35 Cuthred, abbot of Yarrow — 748 
 
 57 Cuvier, Frederic Baron — 1830 
 41 Cynewulf, bp. of Winchester — 1016 
 
 26 Cyprian St. — 251 
 
 28 Cyril of Jerusalem — 351 
 
 29 Cyril, bp. of Alexandria — 412 
 22JCalphurnius Crassus — 96 
 
 56 Camden, Lord chief justice — 1763 
 51 Campegio, Cardinal — 1528 
 
 57 Canning, George — 1822 
 
 25 Capelianus, general in Mauri- 
 
 tania — 237 
 
 21 Caractacus, king of Britain — 47 
 
 26 Carausius, tyrant of Britain — 286 
 56 Carleton, Guy, lord Dorchester 1771 
 
 54 Carstares, Rev. William — 1692 
 29 Castinus, Western general — 417 
 56 Castlereagh, Robert viscount — 1800 
 47 Castracani, Castruccio — 1322 
 50 Castriot, George, 'Scanderbeg* 1451 
 
II. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° 
 
 31 Celer, Eastern general — 
 49 Chabannes, Mareschal de — 
 
 34 Chaganis king of the Avari — - 
 
 54 Chamillard, Michael — 
 
 48 Chandos, Sir John — 
 
 49 Chatel, Tanegui du — 
 
 56 Chatham, William earl of — 
 
 47 Chatillon, Constable de — 
 
 52 Cheke, Sir John — 
 
 55 Chesterfield, Philip earl of — 
 
 35 Childebrand, brother to Charles 
 
 Martel — 
 
 28 Chonodomar, prince of the Ale- 
 
 manni — 
 
 32 Chramnes, son to Clotaire — 
 
 29 Chrysaphius, Western minister 
 42 Cincius, governor of Rome — 
 
 49 Clarence, Thomas duke of — 
 
 54 Clarendon, Edward earl of — 
 
 23 Claudius Maximus, proconsul of 
 
 Africa — 
 
 24 Cleander, Roman minister — 
 
 26 Cleodamus, Roman general — 
 
 51 Cleves, Queen Anne of — 
 
 56 Clive, Robert lord — 
 24 Clodius Albinus, governor of 
 
 Britain — 
 
 55 Cobham, Richard lord — 
 
 53 Coke, Sir Edward — 
 
 54 Colbert. John Baptist — 
 
 57 Colchester, Charles lord — 
 
 52 Coligny, Admiral de — 
 
 57 Collingwood, Admiral lord — 
 
 50 Columbus, Christopher — 
 50 Coinmines, Philip de — 
 23 Commodus Verus — 
 
 45 Comnenus, Theodore, prince of 
 
 Epirus — 
 
 54 Compton, Bishop — 
 
 52 Conde, Louis prince de — 
 
 53 Conde, Louis 'le Grande' — 
 29 Con>tantine, tyrant of Gaul — 
 29 Constantine, Western minister 
 29 Constantius, Western minister 
 
 56 Cook, Captain James — 
 42 Corbagat, Turkish general — 
 22 Corbulo, governor of Armenia — 
 53 Cork, Richard earl of — 
 22 Cornelius Fuscus — 
 
 46 Cornwall, Kichard earl of — 
 56 Cornwallis, Charles marquis — 
 
 50 Coulon, Admiral — 
 
 48 Courtney, Archbishop — 
 
 53 Coventry, Thomas lord — 
 
 55 Cowper, William earl — 
 
 51 Cranmer, Archbishop — 
 
 49 Creighton, chancellor of Scotland 
 40 Crescentius, tyrant of Rome — 
 
 27 Crispus, son of Constantine — 
 51 Cromwell, Thomas lord — 
 
 54 Cromwell, Oliver — 
 37 Crunnus king of Bulgaria — 
 
 55 Cumberland, William duke of — 
 
 28 Cynegius, Roman minister — 
 26 Cyriades, the first of the thirty 
 
 tyrants — 
 
 8 Damophyle, poetria — 
 
 8 Daniel the Prophet — 
 
 14 Demades, one of the orators de- 
 manded by Alexander — 
 
 14 put to death — 
 
 14 Demetrius Phalereus, orat., en- 
 
 ters into public life — 
 
 15 ^— — withdraws to Egypt — 
 15 is in great credit with 
 
 Soter, but is disgraced by 
 Philadelphus — 
 
 15 Demetrius of the New Comedy 
 17 Demetrius of Scepsis, critic — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 504 
 
 1440 
 695 
 1700 
 1357 
 1422 
 1766 
 1328 
 1552 
 1749 
 
 725 
 
 357 
 556 
 447 
 1075 
 1415 
 1661 
 
 146 
 
 188 
 
 266 
 
 1539 
 
 1773 
 
 192 
 
 1728 
 1606 
 1669 
 1817 
 1562 
 1805 
 1494 
 1482 
 136 
 
 1216 
 
 1675 
 
 1560 
 
 1648 
 
 408 
 
 444 
 
 412 
 
 1772 
 
 1090 
 
 52 
 
 1619 
 
 87 
 
 1257 
 
 1799 
 
 1475 
 
 1381 
 
 1628 
 
 1714 
 
 1530 
 
 1438 
 
 983 
 
 317 
 
 1531 
 
 1653 
 
 807 
 
 1746 
 
 385 
 
 258 
 
 B.C. 
 
 611 
 606 
 
 335 
 
 318 
 
 325 
 
 296 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 19 Demetrius Magnes, hist. — 55 
 14 Demochares, orat, nephew of 
 Demosthenes, banished — 
 11 Democritus. phil., birth of — 
 
 13 continues his travels — 
 
 13 death of — 
 
 13 Demophilus, hist. 
 
 13 Demosthenes, birth of 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 l,'i 
 
 U 
 
 14 
 11 
 15 
 
 year 
 
 an orphan in his seventh 
 
 prosecutes his guardians 
 
 first composes public 
 
 orations — - 
 
 one of the orators de- 
 manded by Alexander — 
 
 in exile — 
 
 death of — 
 
 honoured with a statue 
 
 15 Diaearchus, geograph. — 
 
 1 1 Diagoras of Meios, phil. ■ — 
 
 20 Didymus, gram., the opponent 
 
 of Juba 
 13 Dinarchus, orat., birth of 
 
 14 
 
 began to compose ora- 
 
 14 nourishes at Athens — 
 
 14 in exile — 
 
 15 returns from exile — 
 
 1 1 Dinolochus. comic poet — 
 
 13 Diodorus, comic poet — 
 
 18 Diodorus, peripat. — 
 
 19 Diodorus Siculus, the historian 
 
 is in Egypt — 
 
 14 Diogenes the cynic, death of — 
 
 17 Diogenes Babylonius, Critolaiis, 
 
 and Carneades, ambassadors to 
 Rome — 
 
 15 Dionysides, trag. — 
 10 Dionysius of Miletus, hist. — 
 13 Dionysius Tyrannus gains the 
 
 tragic prize with the Atrpa 
 
 "EX TO P° ? — 
 
 15 Dionysius, — his astronomical era 
 15 Dionysius Matathemenus, phil. 
 
 18 Dionysius the Thracian, gram. 
 
 20 Dionysius Halicarnassus the his- 
 
 torian comes to Italy — 
 
 20 completes his history — 
 
 13 Diophantes, orat. — 
 
 14 Diphilus, one of the six standards 
 
 of the New Comedy — 
 
 14 Diyllus. hist. — 
 8 Draco, legislat. — 
 
 15 Duris of Samos, hist. — 
 
 283 
 299 
 145 
 
 54 Dacier, Madame — 
 42 Damiano, Cardinal — 
 
 35 Daniel, bp. of Winchester — 
 47 Dante Alighieri — 
 
 52 Davila, Henry — 
 51 Da Vinci. Leonardo — 
 57 Davy, Sir Humphrey — 
 
 55 Defoe, Daniel — 
 51 Del Sarto, Andrea — 
 38 Denewulf, bp. of Winchester — 
 
 53 Descartes, Rene — 
 55 Destouches, Philip — 
 
 54 D'Herbelot, Bartholomew — 
 
 36 Diaconius, Paulus, of Aquilea — 
 45 Diceto, Ralph de — 
 
 37 Dicuil, Irish monk in France — 
 
 24 Diogenes Laertius — 
 
 25 Dion Cassius — 
 
 23 Dion Chrysostom — 
 
 26 Dionysius, bp. of Alexandria — 
 31 Dionysius Exiguus — 
 
 24 Diophantus of Alexandria — 
 54 Dodwell, Henry — 
 53 Dolce, Carlo ' — 
 53 Dominichino, 'Zampieri' — 
 
 302 
 460 
 381 
 337 
 357 
 382 
 
 376 
 364 
 
 355 
 
 335 
 323 
 322 
 280 
 280 
 466 
 
 46 
 361 
 
 336 
 321 
 307 
 292 
 487 
 353 
 111 
 
 60 
 323 
 
 155 
 278 
 520 
 
 367 
 285 
 263 
 107 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 372 
 
 320 
 339 
 621 
 279 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1700 
 
 1052 
 
 742 
 
 1304 
 
 1588 
 
 1503 
 
 1812 
 
 1719 
 
 1513 
 
 880 
 
 1636 
 
 1727 
 
 1673 
 
 781 
 
 1209 
 
 825 
 
 178 
 
 229 
 
 105 
 
 257 
 
 516 
 
 156 
 
 1697 
 
 1647 
 
 1617 
 
 N° 
 
 51 Douglas, Gawin — 
 
 52 Dousa, Janus — 
 54 Dryden, John — 
 
 51 Dunbar. William — 
 46 Duns Scotus, John — 
 
 52 Du Perron, Cardinal — 
 
 46 Durandus, bp. of Mende — 
 
 47 Durandus. bp. of Anicium — 
 51 Durer, Albert — 
 55JD'Aguesseau, Chancellor — 
 49 D'Albret, Constable — 
 
 49 D'Armagnac, Constable — 
 
 50 Daim, Oliver le — 
 27 Dalmatius, Caesar — 
 35 Damascenus. John — 
 56 Daun, Mareschal count — 
 
 53 Davies, Sir John — 
 
 54 De Witt, Pensionary — 
 49 De la Pole, William', earl of Suf- 
 folk — 
 
 22 Decebalus, king of Dacia — 
 
 47 Despenser, Hugh the elder — 
 47 Despenser, Hugh the younger 
 54 Devonshire, William duke of — 
 
 25 Diadumenianus — 
 
 51 Diana of Poitiers — 
 32 Didier, French general — 
 
 51 Doria, Andrew — 
 52 . Dorset, Thomas earl of — 
 54 Dorset, Charles earl of — 
 
 47 Douglas, Sir James — 
 
 49 Douglas, Archibald earl of — 
 
 52 Drake, Sir Francis — 
 44 Dreux, Robert count de — 
 21 Drusus, son of Tiberius — 
 51 Du Bellay, Cardinal — 
 
 48 Du Guesclin, Constable — 
 51 Du Prat, Chancellor — 
 
 50 Duncan, Admiral lord — 
 56 Dundas, Henry — 
 40 Dunstan, abp. of Canterbury — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1504 
 1577 
 1683 
 1502 
 1291 
 1593 
 1275 
 1312 
 1505 
 1720 
 1404 
 1411 
 1481 
 334 
 738 
 1776 
 1611 
 1665 
 
 1442 
 97 
 1316 
 1319 
 1690 
 
 217 
 1349 
 
 577 
 1527 
 1598 
 1674 
 1313 
 1417 
 1589 
 1152 
 18 
 1533 
 1370 
 1516 
 1797 
 1791 
 
 962 
 
 B.C. 
 
 4 Elijah the Prophet — 
 
 4 Elisha the Prophet — 
 
 11 Empedocles, poet and phil. — 
 
 12 still living — 
 
 14 Ephorus, hist. — 
 
 11 Epicharmus, perfected comedy 
 
 ' before Chionides ' — 
 
 14 Epicurus, phil., birth of — 
 
 14 began to study philo- 
 
 educated at Samos — 
 
 comes to Athens — 
 
 commences teaching at 
 
 Mytilene and at Lamp-acus — 
 
 settles at Athens — 
 
 death of — 
 
 sophy 
 
 11 
 14 
 14 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 14 Epigenes of the Middle Comedy 
 
 7 Epimenides of Crete, birth of — 
 9 at Athens — 
 
 16 Epinicus, comic poet — 
 
 15 Erasistratus medicus, the grand- 
 
 son of Aristotle — 
 
 15 Eratosthenes, birth of — 
 
 16 librarian at Alexandria 
 
 17 death of — 
 
 8 Erinna, lyric — 
 13 Erinna, poetria — 
 
 13 Eubulus of the Middle Comedy 
 
 14 Eubulus, orat., opposed to De- 
 
 mosthenes — 
 
 14 has great influence, 
 
 which is felt by his rival — 
 
 12 Euciemon, astron. — 
 
 13 Eudoxus, phil. — 
 
 15 Euclid, mathemat — 
 13 Euetes, comic poet — 
 11 Euexenides, comic poet — 
 11 Eugamon of Cyrene — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 II. 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 \tf>* <=>* 
 
 N° 
 
 5 Eumelus of Corinth, epic poet 
 16 Euphantus of Olynthus, hist., 
 the preceptor of Antigonus 
 Doson — 
 
 12 Euphorion, trag., son of ^Eschy- 
 lus, gains the prize against 
 Sophocles and Euripides — 
 
 15 Euphorion of Chalcis, phil., birth 
 
 of — 
 
 16 librarian to Antiochus, 
 
 death of — 
 
 12 Eupolis, comic poet 
 12 contends with Aristo- 
 phanes 
 11 Euripides, birth of 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 gains the third prize in 
 tragedy — 
 
 contends with Achaeus 
 
 and Sophocles 
 
 gains the first prize in 
 
 tragedy 
 
 contends with Sopho- 
 cles and Euphorion — 
 exhibits with Iophon 
 
 and Ion 
 
 and with Xenocles — 
 
 death of — 
 
 12 - 
 12 - 
 
 16 Evander succeeds Lacydes in the 
 
 Middle Academy — 
 
 9 Ezekiel the Prophet — 
 
 9 prophecies against Tyre 
 
 and Egypt — 
 
 9 his Vision in the Cap- 
 tivity — 
 16JEnnius, poeta, birth of — 
 16 - — brought to Rome by the 
 
 quaestor Cato 
 
 accompanies the consuls 
 
 Fulvius into Etolia 
 death of 
 
 43 Eadmer, abbot of St. Albans — 
 35 Egbert, abp. of York — 
 28 Ephraim Cyrus — 
 22 Epictetus — 
 28 Epiphanius — 
 
 51 Erasmus, Desiderius — 
 35 Ethelwold, abbot of Lindisfarne 
 
 40 Ethelwold, bp. of Winchester — 
 39 Eudes de Cluni — 
 
 55 Euler, Leonard — 
 28 Eunapius of Sardis — 
 
 27 Eusebius Pamphilus — 
 
 44 Eustathius, comment, on Homer 
 
 28 Eutropius — 
 
 29 Eutyches of Constantinople — 
 28 Evagrius Ponticus — 
 
 32 Evagrius Scholasticus — 
 54 Evelyn, John — 
 34JEbroin, maire du palais — 
 
 45 Eccelino, general of the Ghibel- 
 
 lines — 
 
 30 Ecdicius, Roman minister — 
 42 Edgar Atheling — 
 
 41 Edric, minister to Ethelred — 
 
 48 Edward the Black Prince — 
 
 42 Edwin and Morcar — 
 
 33 Ega, maire du palais — 
 
 30 Egidius, Roman general — 
 37 Eginhard, secretary to Charle- 
 magne — 
 
 52 Egmont, Count — 
 57 Eldon, John earl of — 
 24 Electus, Roman minister — 
 39 Elfleda, daughter to Alfred — 
 
 53 Ellesmere, Thomas lord — 
 45 Enguerrand de Couci — 
 
 31 Ephrem, Eastern minister — 
 
 56 Erskine, Thomas lord — 
 
 49 Essars, Pierre des — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 761 
 
 246 
 
 431 
 
 274 
 
 221 
 429 
 
 425 
 480 
 
 455 
 
 447 
 
 441 
 
 431 
 
 428 
 415 
 406 
 
 215 
 594 
 
 587 
 
 573 
 239 
 
 — 204 
 
 189 
 169 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1124 
 
 737 
 
 371 
 
 88 
 
 391 
 
 1512 
 743 
 963 
 928 
 
 1729 
 372 
 327 
 
 1161 
 356 
 448 
 395 
 594 
 
 1668 
 665 
 
 1232 
 466 
 1081 
 1011 
 1356 
 1067 
 638 
 459 
 
 811 
 1563 
 1828 
 
 190 
 
 904 
 1602 
 1241 
 
 525 
 1786 
 1408 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 52 Essex, Robert earl of — 1597 
 
 53 Essex, Robert earl of — 1640 
 
 39 Ethel wald, Prince — 901 
 
 40 Ethelwold, Earl — 963 
 35 Eudes, duke of Aquitaine — 722 
 
 41 Eudes. count de Chartres — 1022 
 30 Eudoxia, empress — 454 
 55 Eugene, Prince — 1702 
 28 Eugenius, tyrant of the Western 
 
 empire — 391 
 
 44 Eustace, earl — 1153 
 
 57 Exmouth, Admiral lord — 1825 
 
 B.C. 
 
 16 Fabius Pictor the historian is in 
 the Gallic war — 
 
 16 - — ambassador to Delphi 
 
 18 C. Fannius the historian serves 
 
 with Scipio at Carthage — 
 
 18 serves in Spain — 
 
 18 Furius Bibaculus, poeta — 
 
 20 The Furnii — 
 
 55 Fabricius. John Albert — 
 
 51 Fagius, Paul — 
 
 44 Falcandus, Hugh — 
 
 23 Favorinus, philosoph. — 
 
 35 Felix, hist. — 
 
 55 Fenelon, abp. of Cambray — 
 
 50 Ficinus, Marsilius — 
 55 Fielding, Henry — 
 
 51 Fisher, Bishop — 
 44 Fitzstephen, William — 
 48 Flamel, Nicholas — 
 55 Flamsteed, John — 
 23 Florus — 
 
 27 Flavius Vopiscus — 
 54 Fontaine, John de la — 
 
 54 Fontenelle, Bernard — 
 
 48 Fordun, John — 
 
 49 Fortescue, Sir John — 
 35 Forthere, bp. of Sherborne — 
 
 52 Fox, John — 
 
 41 Franco of Liege — 
 
 35 Fredegaire, Fr. chron. — 
 
 48 Froissart, John — 
 
 22 Frontinus — 
 30 Fulgentius — 
 
 49 Fust, John — 
 55JFagel, Greffier Francis — 
 
 53 Fairfax, Thomas lord — 
 53 Falkland, Cary viscount — 
 49 Fastolf, Sir John — 
 
 23 Faustina, Empress Galeria — 
 
 24 Faustina, Empress — 
 
 28 Favritta the Goth — 
 44 Fitz Peter, Geoffrey — 
 21 Flaccus, governor of Egypt — 
 
 42 Flambard, Ranulph — 
 
 55 Fleury, Cardinal — 
 51 Foix, Gaston de — 
 
 55 Forbes, Lord president — 
 48 Foret, Pierre de la — 
 38 Fort, Robert de — 
 51 Fox, bishop of Winchester — 
 
 56 Fox, Charles James — 
 56 Franklin, Benjamin — 
 32 Fredegonde, queen to Chilperic 
 56 Frederic, Prince of Wales — 
 28 Fritigernes Gothic general — 
 30 Fronto, Western minister — 
 
 36 Fulrad, French minister — 
 
 19 Geminus of Rhodes, math. — 
 
 1 1 Gorgias, orat. 
 
 12 ambassador from Leon 
 
 tium to Athens — 
 
 225 
 216 
 
 146 
 
 142 
 
 102 
 
 36 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1724 
 
 1549 
 
 1190 
 
 119 
 
 730 
 
 1702 
 
 1470 
 
 1745 
 
 1508 
 
 1174 
 
 1385 
 
 1706 
 
 116 
 
 315 
 
 1680 
 
 1682 
 
 1377 
 
 1443 
 
 744 
 
 1556 
 
 1047 
 
 734 
 
 1376 
 
 73 
 
 499 
 
 1441 
 
 1730 
 
 1644 
 
 1642 
 
 1432 
 
 144 
 
 169 
 
 399 
 
 1197 
 
 37 
 
 1091 
 
 1725 
 
 1509 
 
 1738 
 
 1353 
 
 862 
 
 1507 
 
 1783 
 
 1778 
 
 567 
 
 1741 
 
 375 
 
 455 
 
 761 
 
 B.C. 
 
 77 
 459 
 
 427 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 24 Galen — 163 
 53 Galileo — 1608 
 
 55 Garrick. David — 1749 
 
 53 Gassendi, Peter — 1635 
 
 49 Gaza, Theodore — 1427 
 
 40 Geber of Seville — 965 
 30 Gelasius of Cyzicum — 475 
 30 Gennadius of Constantinople — 458 
 30 Gennadius of Marseilles — 473 
 
 44 Geoffrev of Monmouth — 1152 
 33 George of Pisidia — 634 
 
 36 Georgius Syncellus — 791 
 
 45 Gervase of Canterbury — 1202 
 51 Gesner, Conrad — 1545 
 
 56 Gibbon, Edward — 1776 
 
 57 Gifford, William — 1802 
 32 Gildas, hist. — 564 
 47 Giola, Flavio — 1302 
 
 54 Giordano, Luca — 1660 
 51 Giorgione, 'Barbarelli' — 1509 
 
 47 Giotto, Italian painter — 1307 
 44 Giraldus Cambrensis — 1188 
 
 41 GlaberofClugni — 1033 
 
 37 Godeschalcus Fulgentius — 843 
 56 Goldsmith, Oliver — 1770 
 
 48 Gower, John — 1373 
 54 Graevius, John George — 1687 
 
 44 Gratian of Clusium — 1151 
 56 Gray, Thomas — 1752 
 
 25 Gregory Thaumaturgus — 241 
 
 26 Gregory, jurisconsult — 289 
 28 Gregory Nazianzen — 361 
 28 Gregory, bp. of Nyssa — 373 
 32 Gregory of Tours — 572 
 54 Gregory, James — 1666 
 47 Gregorias Nicephoras — 1332 
 
 50 Grocyn, William — 1489 
 54 Gronovius, John T. — 1652 
 
 54 Gronovius, James — 1698 
 
 45 Grosseteste, Robert, bp. of Lin- 
 
 coln — 1423 
 
 53 Grotius, Hugo — 1630 
 
 53 Gruter, Janus — 1605 
 
 53 Guercino, Giovanni — 1618 
 
 51 Guicciardini, Francis — 1516 
 53 Guido, 'Rheni' — 1620 
 
 49 Guttemburg, John — 1440 
 
 45 Guzman, Dominic de — 1217 
 28JGainas, tyrant of Asia — 398 
 28 Gallus, Roman minister — 351 
 
 50 Gama, Vasco de — 1500 
 
 51 Gardiner, bp. of Winchester — 1537 
 43 Garlande, Anseau de — 1111 
 43 Garlande, William de — 1115 
 
 43 Garlande, Stephen de — 1134 
 49 Gascoigne, Sir William — 1401 
 
 47 Gaveston, Piers — 1307 
 
 21 Germanicus — 8 
 
 42 Gervais, abp. of Rheims — 1068 
 
 22 Gessius Florus, governor of 
 
 Judea — 65 
 
 46 Giffard, Walter, abp. of York — 1273 
 28 Gildo, governor of Africa — 394 
 35 Gilulfus, duke of Beneventum 704 
 
 44 Glanville, Ranulfde — 1181 
 
 48 Glendour, Owen — 1397 
 
 43 Gloucester, Robert earl of — 1141 
 
 45 Gloucester, Gilbert earl of — 1215 
 
 46 Gloucester, Richard earl of — 1255 
 46 Gloucester, Gilbert earl of — 1265 
 
 49 Gloucester, Humphry duke of 1427 
 
 55 Godolphin, Sidney earl of — 1701 
 41 Godwin, earl of Kent — 1041 
 
 37 Gombaud, French minister — 830 
 
 51 Gonsalvo, general to Ferdinand 1502 
 
 38 Goscelin, bishop of Paris — 886 
 
 56 Grafton, Augustus duke of — 1768 
 
 52 Granvelle, Cardinal — 1566 
 
 55 Granville, John earl of — 1735 
 27 Gregory, Roman minister — 336 
 
 56 Grenville, George — 1764 
 
II. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° 
 
 A. D 
 
 56 Grenville, William lord — 1790 
 
 52 Gresham, Sir Thomas — 1571 
 
 33 Grimoald, maire du palais — 647 
 
 52 Grindal, Bishop — 1580 
 
 40 Grisegonelle, Geoffrey — 986 
 
 45 Guerin, chancellor to Louis VIII. 1223 
 
 52 Guise, Francis duke of — 1558 
 
 52 Guise, Henry duke of — 1574 
 
 B.C 
 
 — 612 
 
 — 519 
 
 — 520 
 
 — 501 
 
 8 Habakkuk the Prophet — 
 
 10 Haggai the Prophet — 
 
 10 Hecataeus, hist. fl. — 
 10 assists at the delibera- 
 tions of the Ionians 
 
 12 Hegemon, comic poet, introduces 
 parody and is protected by Al- 
 cibiades — 413 
 
 14 put to death with Pho- 
 
 cion and Pythocles — 
 
 14 Hegisippus, orat — 
 
 17 Hegisinus the Platonic philoso- 
 
 pher — 
 
 11 Hellanicus, hist, birth of — 
 
 11 still living — 
 
 10 Heraclitus, phil. — 
 16 Heraclitus of Halicarnassus, poeta 
 
 14 Heraclides of the Middle Comedy 
 
 18 Heraclides Lembus, hist. — 
 
 15 Hermachus the Epicurean — 
 
 19 Hermagoras, rhetor. — 
 
 12 Hermippus, comic poet, prose- 
 
 cutes Aspasia — 
 
 16 Hermippus of Smyrna, biog. — 
 
 11 Herodotus, birth of — 
 I recites his history at the 
 
 Olympic games 
 
 goes to Thurium 
 
 aet. 75, still employed 
 
 12 
 12 - 
 
 upon his history 
 4 Hesiod flourished — 
 
 14 Hieronymus of Cardia, hist, ne- 
 gotiates between Eumenes and 
 Antigonus — 318 
 
 falls into the hands of 
 
 317 
 340 
 
 185 
 496 
 406 
 503 
 249 
 348 
 148 
 270 
 62 
 
 432 
 203 
 484 
 
 456 
 443 
 
 409 
 897 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 Antigonus upon the death of 
 Eumenes — 
 
 appointed governor of 
 
 Bceotia by Demetrius upon the 
 death of Antigonus — 
 
 16 Hieronymus of Rhodes, stoic — 
 
 11 Hippocrates, birth of — 
 
 12 flourished — 
 
 13 death of — 
 
 17 Hipparchus, astr. obs.162— 159— 
 
 147—146—143—135—128 — 
 
 10 Hipponax of Ephesus, poeta — 
 
 5 Hosea the Prophet — 
 
 4 Homer flourished — 
 
 15 Homerus, trag. — 
 
 20 Hybreas the orator opposes La- 
 
 bienus at Mylasa — 
 
 14 Hyperides, orat. death of — 
 19JHorace, birth of — 
 
 — present at the battle of 
 
 315 
 
 293 
 250 
 460 
 431 
 357 
 158 
 127 
 546 
 785 
 1000 
 278 
 
 40 
 
 321 
 
 65 
 
 Philippi 
 death of 
 
 20 
 
 18 Hortensius, orat. birth of 
 
 19 defends Verres 
 
 19 consul 
 
 20 death of 
 
 20 Hyginus, Grammaticus 
 
 48 Hafiz, Persian poet 
 45 Hales, Alexander de 
 
 53 Hall, Bishop 
 
 55 Halley, Dr. Edmund 
 
 55 Handel, George Frederic 
 
 49 Hardyng, John, chron. 
 
 54 Harrington, James 
 
 42 
 8 
 114 
 70 
 69 
 50 
 47 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1389 
 1230 
 1628 
 1723 
 1743 
 1415 
 1655 
 
 N° A. D- 
 
 53 Harvey, Dr. William — 1619 
 
 56 Havdn, Francis Joseph — 1798 
 
 28 Heliodorus — 398 
 
 44 Henry of Huntingdon — 1156 
 
 46 Henry of Ghent — 1279 
 
 49 Henry the Scottish Minstrel — 1446 
 
 41 Hereman, bp. of Sherborne — 1050 
 
 41 Hermannus Contractus — 1041 
 
 24 Hermogenes, rhetor. — 161 
 
 26 Hermogenes, jurisconsult — 289 
 
 25 Herodian, hist. — 247 
 56 Herschell, Sir William — 1779 
 31 Hesychius of Alexandria — 521 
 
 48 Higden, Ralph — 1357 
 
 27 Hilary, St. — 341 
 
 43 Hildebert, abp. of Tours — 1125 
 37 Hincmarus, abp. of Rheims — 845 
 55 Hoadley, Bishop — 1730 
 
 53 Hobbes, Thomas — 1648 
 
 55 Hogarth, William — 1746 
 
 51 Holbein, Hans — 1528 
 
 56 Home, John — 1757 
 
 52 Hooker, Richard — 1592 
 52 Hooper, Bishop — 1553 
 56 Horsley, Bishop — 1783 
 
 52 Hotomanus, Francis — 1575 
 
 54 Hough. Bishop — 1699 
 
 44 Hoveden, Roger de — 1192 
 56 Howard, John — 1774 
 
 55 Huet, bp. of Avranches — 1704 
 
 56 Hume, David — 1754 
 
 43 Humenus of Egypt — 1148 
 
 49 Huss, John — 1411 
 56 Hutton, Dr. Charles — 1781 
 54 Huygens, Christian — 1669 
 35 Hwetbert, abbot of Wearmouth 745 
 29 Hypatia, daughter to Theon — 408 
 48JHales, Robert de — 1376 
 
 54 Halifax, George marquis of — 1684 
 
 53 Hampden, John — 1636 
 47 Harcourt, Geoffrey d' — 1342 
 
 55 Harcourt, Sir Simon — 1712 
 
 55 Hardwicke, Philip earl of — 1737 
 
 37 Hasan the Saracen — 812 
 
 50 Hastings, William lord — 1480 
 
 56 Hastings, Warren — 1788 
 
 57 Hastings, Francis marquis of — 1811 
 
 47 Hatfield, bp. of Durham — 1346 
 
 38 Hatto, abp. of Mentz — 900 
 
 55 Hawke, Admiral lord — 1748 
 
 56 Hawkesbury, Charles lord — 1789 
 
 48 Hawkwood, Sir John — 1373 
 
 56 Heathfield, General lord — 1775 
 21 Helicon, Roman minister — 38 
 47 Hengham, Sir Ralph — 1304 
 
 34 Heraclius, Eastern minister — 667 
 
 44 Henry, Prince, son of Henry II. 1169 
 29 Heraclianus, tyrant of Africa — 405 
 
 35 Herald, duke of Aquitaine — 737 
 27 Hermogenes, Roman geueral — 340 
 23 Herodes Atticus — 143 
 
 55 Herring, Archbishop — 1742 
 31 Hibba. Gothic general — 508 
 27 Hierocles, governor of Alexandria 302 
 
 37 Hilduin, French minister — 817 
 
 57 Hill, General lord — 1815 
 
 39 Himerius Eastern general — 902 
 
 56 Holland, Henry lord — 1759 
 
 57 Holland, Henry lord — 1826 
 
 53 Holies, Denzil — 1638 
 
 54 Holt, Lord chief justice — 1689 
 52 Horn, Count — 1564 
 
 51 Howard, Queen Katherine — 1540 
 
 52 Howard, Admiral lord — 1588 
 
 56 Howe, Admiral lord — 1794 
 
 38 Hubba the Dane — 872 
 
 39 Hugh the Great, French minister 923 
 
 36 Hunaud, duke of Aquitaine — 763 
 
 49 Hunniades, John Corvinus — 1443 
 
 57 Hutchinson, General lord — 1801 
 
 N° 
 9 Ibycus, poeta 
 
 15 Idomeneus, of Lampsacus, hist. 
 
 1 1 Ion of Chios first exhibits tra- 
 
 gedy _ 
 
 12 — died before the exhibi- 
 
 tion of the Eiptjuti — 
 
 12 Iophon trag. son of Sophocles, 
 
 contended with Eurypides and 
 
 Ion 
 
 12 still living — 
 
 12 Ionian alphabet adopted 
 
 5 Isaiah the Prophet 
 
 12 Isocrates, birth of — 
 
 14 death of — 
 
 16 Ister, poeta, the disciple of Calli- 
 
 machus — 
 
 22 Ignatius, St _ 
 
 42 Ingulphus, abbot of Croyland — 
 
 24 Irenaeus, St 
 
 33 Isidore, bp. of Seville — 
 
 30 Illus, Eastern minister — 
 
 48 Ireland, Vere duke of — 
 
 19 Jason the Stoic, successor of 
 
 Posidonius — 
 
 8 Jeremiah the Prophet — 
 
 5 Joel the Prophet — 
 
 4 Jonah the Prophet — 
 
 20 Juba the historian brought to 
 
 Rome — 
 
 27 Jamblicus — 
 56 Jenner, Dr. Edward — 
 
 28 Jerome, St — 
 49 Jerome of Prague — 
 33 John of Alexandria, hist. — 
 35 John of Beverley — 
 
 44 John of Salisbury — 
 
 45 John of Pisa — 
 56 Johnson, Dr. Samuel — 
 
 46 Joinville, John de — 
 53 Jones, Inigo — 
 56 Jones, Sir William — 
 53 Jonson, Ben — 
 31 Jornandes, hist — 
 
 22 Josephus — 
 
 24 Julius Pollux — 
 
 25 Julius Africanus — 
 
 26 Julius Capitolinus — 
 
 23 Justin, hist — 
 23 Justin Martyr — 
 22 Juvenal — 
 53JJeannin, President — 
 49 Joan of Arc — 
 
 29 John the Notary — 
 
 31 John the Cappadocian — 
 41 John, brother to Michael IV. — 
 
 52 Joyeuse, duke de — 
 37 Judith, Empress — 
 25 Julia, mother to Elagabalus — 
 22 Julian, governor in Britain — 
 35 Julian, Count — 
 
 22 Julius Agricola — 
 25 Julius Celsus, Roman general — 
 25 Julius Palmatus, general in Ar- 
 menia — 
 
 23 Julius Severus, governor of Bri- 
 
 tain — 
 
 32 Justinian, Eastern general — 
 
 53 Juxon, Bishop — 
 
 53 Kepler, John 
 
 50 Kempis, Thomas a 
 55 Klopstock, Frederic 
 52 Knox, John 
 
 51 Katherine, Queen 
 
 — 1613 
 
 — 1454 
 
 — 1750 
 
 — 1564 
 
 — 1529 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 II. 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° 
 
 56 Keith, Mareschal James 
 
 57 Kent, Edward duke of 
 56 Keppel, Admiral lord 
 48 Knollys, Sir Robert 
 
 A.D. 
 
 — 1751 
 
 — 1818 
 
 — 1779 
 
 — 1360 
 
 B.C. 
 
 14 Lacydes succeeds Arcesilaiis in 
 
 the Middle Academy — 241 
 
 14 death of — 215 
 
 10 Lasus of Hermione, poeta, the 
 
 instructor of Pindar — 503 
 
 13 Laodamus, orat. — 372 
 
 7 Lesches of Mytilene, poeta — 657 
 
 16 Lycon the peripatetic, birth of 300 
 
 16 succeeds Strato in the 
 
 Lyceum — 270 
 death of — 226 
 
 — 259 
 
 15 
 
 15 Lycophron, trag. — 
 
 14 Lycurgus, orat. the colleague of 
 
 Demosthenes in an embassy to 
 
 counteract Philip — 
 
 presides over the trea- 
 
 sury — 
 
 restores the credit of the 
 
 comic exhibitions and enacts 
 honours for the tragic poets — 
 is among the orators de- 
 
 li 
 
 14 
 
 It 
 
 It 
 
 14 
 
 14 Lynceus, comic poet 
 
 11 Lysias, orat. birth of 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 manded by Alexander 
 
 death of 
 
 honoured with a statue 
 
 ■ goes to Thurium — 
 — returns to Athens — 
 
 withdraws to Megara — 
 
 returns to Athens on the 
 
 expulsion of the Thirty — 
 death of — 
 
 prize 
 
 16 Lysimachus, phil. 
 12 Lysippus gains the 
 
 comedy 
 
 14 Lysippus, sculptor — 
 20JL;iberius, mimograph, death of 
 
 20 Lenseus Grammaticus — 
 
 19 C. Licinius Calvus, orat. birth of 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 18 L. Licinius Crassus, orat. birth of 
 
 18 accuses Carbo — 
 
 18 quaestor — 
 
 18 tribunis plebis — 
 
 18 suasit serviliam legem 
 
 19 censor — 
 
 19 death of — 
 
 16 Livius Andronicus began to ex- 
 hibit — 
 
 19 Livy, birth of — 
 
 19 Lucretius, birth of — 
 
 19 death of — 
 
 27 Lactantius 
 
 56 Lalande, Joseph Jerome 
 46 Langtoft, Peter 
 
 57 La Place, Marquis 
 46 Lapo, Arnolf di 
 
 50 Lascaris, John 
 
 51 Las Casas, Bartholomew 
 51 Latimer, Bishop 
 
 56 Lawrence, Sir Thomas 
 56 Lavoisier, Anthony 
 
 54 Le Brun, Charles 
 
 55 Le Clerc, John 
 
 56 L'Epee, Abbe 
 53 Le Suer, Eustace 
 
 55 Leibnitz, Godfrey William 
 
 28 Libanius, 
 
 50 Littleton, Sir Thomas 
 
 56 Linnaeus, Charles 
 
 51 Linacre, Dr. Thomas 
 
 52 Lipsius, Justus 
 26 Longinus 
 
 343 
 337 
 
 337 
 
 335 
 323 
 307 
 279 
 458 
 443 
 411 
 404 
 
 403 
 378 
 241 
 
 434 
 
 324 
 
 43 
 
 48 
 
 82 
 
 46 
 
 140 
 
 119 
 
 111 
 
 107 
 
 106 
 
 92 
 
 91 
 
 240 
 59 
 95 
 55 
 
 A.D- 
 
 317 
 1765 
 1284 
 1815 
 1287 
 1473 
 1544 
 1535 
 1793 
 1789 
 1663 
 1716 
 1760 
 1640 
 1703 
 
 358 
 1466 
 1758 
 1520 
 1589 
 
 261 
 
 N° 
 
 43 Lombard, Peter — 
 54 Locke, John — 
 53 Lorraine, Claude de — 
 
 56 Lowth, Bishop — 
 51 Loyola, Ignatius — 
 
 22 Lucan — 
 24 Lucian — 
 
 23 Lucius Apuleius — 
 39 Luitprand, bishop of Cremona — 
 
 46 Lully, Raymond — 
 
 51 Luther, Martin — 
 
 47 Lyra, Nicholas de — 
 24JLaetus, Roman general — 
 
 57 Lafayette, Marquis — 
 
 48 La Grange, Cardinal — 
 47 La Guette, Gerard — 
 
 52 L'Hospital, Chancellor — 
 47 Lancaster, Thomas earl of — 
 
 47 Lancaster, Henry duke of — 
 
 48 Lancaster, John of Gaunt, duke of 
 
 50 Landais, Peter of Brittany — 
 
 31 Lande, French minister — 
 
 32 Landri, French minister — 
 42 Lanfranc, abp. of Canterbury — 
 
 45 Langton, Archbishop — 
 47 Langton, bishop of Lichfield — 
 
 53 Laud, Archbishop — 
 
 54 Lauderdale, John, duke of — 
 
 51 Lautrec, Mareschal — 
 
 55 Law, John — 
 54 Leeds, Thomas duke of — 
 34 Leger, bishop of Autun — 
 
 44 Leicester, Robert earl of — 
 
 52 Leicester, Dudley earl of — 
 
 53 Lenthal, William — 
 41 Leofric, duke of Mercia — 
 41 Leo Tomitius, tyrant in the East 
 30 Leontius, tyrant in the East — 
 
 53 Lerma, Fancis duke of — 
 52 Lesdeguieres, Constable — 
 52 Lesley, bishop of Ross — 
 32 Leudegisille, French general — 
 34 Leudesile, maire du palais — 
 
 51 Leva, Anthony de — 
 
 23 Licinius Sura, praetorian prefect 
 47 Lincoln, De Lacy earl of — 
 
 49 L'lsle, Adam, Mareschal de — 
 
 29 Litorious, Roman general — 
 57 Liverpool, Robert earl of — 
 49 Livingstone, Alexander, regent 
 
 of Scotland 
 
 46 Llewellyn, Prince of Wales 
 
 24 Lollius Urbicus, governor 
 
 Britain 
 44 Longchamp, bishop of Ely 
 
 30 Longinus, Eastern minister 
 46 Loria, Admiral Roger de 
 
 52 Lorraine, Cardinal de 
 49 Louvet, President 
 
 54 Louvois, Letellier de 
 24 Lucilla, sister to Commodus 
 22 Lucius Antonius 
 54 Ludlow, Edmund 
 
 53 Luisnes, Charles duke of 
 22 Lupus, governor of Egypt 
 
 54 Luxemburg, Mareschal de 
 57 Lynedoch, Thomas lord 
 
 16 Macho the comic poet and 
 teacher of Aristophanes — 
 12 Malachi the Prophet — 
 
 15 Manetho, hist. — 
 
 14 Marysas of Pella, hist, the half 
 brother of Antigonus — 
 
 10 Melanippides, poeta, fl. — 
 
 12 Melanippides, poeta, grandson of 
 
 the elder 
 
 13 Melanopus, orat. the opponent 
 
 of Callistratus at the congress 
 of Sparta — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1141 
 
 1689 
 
 1637 
 
 1777 
 
 1533 
 
 62 
 
 158 
 
 147 
 
 937 
 
 1283 
 
 1517 
 
 1317 
 
 190 
 
 1830 
 
 1371 
 
 1318 
 
 1565 
 
 1311 
 
 1343 
 
 1377 
 
 1474 
 
 502 
 
 584 
 
 1079 
 
 1211 
 
 1301 
 
 1634 
 
 1667 
 
 1521 
 
 1719 
 
 1673 
 
 669 
 
 1157 
 
 1582 
 
 1639 
 
 1047 
 
 1045 
 
 481 
 
 1610 
 
 1595 
 
 1577 
 
 586 
 
 673 
 
 1522 
 
 101 
 
 1309 
 
 1429 
 
 434 
 
 1812 
 
 1437 
 1280 
 
 153 
 
 1189 
 488 
 1281 
 1559 
 1423 
 1683 
 175 
 
 83 
 1656 
 1617 
 
 72 
 1676 
 1843 
 
 B.C. 
 
 230 
 436 
 268 
 
 308 
 520 
 
 — 430 
 
 of 
 
 371 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 19 Meleager, the collector of the 
 
 Anthologia • — 95 
 
 13 Meletus, trag. the accuser of 
 
 Socrates — 399 
 
 12 Melissus, phil. the disciple of 
 
 Parmenides and Heraclitus — 444 
 12 defends Samos against 
 
 Pericles — 440 
 
 12 settles at Athens — 422 
 
 14 Menander, one of the six stand- 
 
 ards of the New Comedy, 
 birth of — 
 
 14 Menandri 'Op7>; — his first prize 
 
 15 death of — 
 
 12 Menedemus of Eretria, phil. — 
 
 16 Menodotus, hist — 
 12 Meton, begins his cycle of the 
 
 moon, June 27 — 
 
 15 Metrodorus the Epicurean, death 
 
 of — 
 
 19 Metrodorus of Scepsis, phil. fl. 
 
 19 death of — 
 
 5 Micah the Prophet — 
 
 8 Mimnermus of Colophon — 
 
 16 Mnesiptolemus, poeta — 
 
 17 Moschus — 
 11 Mylus, comic poet — 
 20JMelissus of Spoleto, the precep- 
 tor of Ovid, birth of — 
 
 20 Munacius Plantus, orat. — 
 
 28 Macedonius the Arian — 
 51 Machiavel, Nicholas — 
 55 Maclaurun, Colin — 
 
 29 Macrobius — 
 44 Maimonides of Cordova — 
 
 30 Malchus of Byzantium — 
 54 Malebranche, Nicholas — 
 
 53 Malherbe, Francis de — 
 48 Mandeville, Sir John — 
 
 50 Mantuanus, Baptista — 
 
 51 Manutius, Aldus — 
 
 52 Manutius, Paul — 
 
 54 Maratti, Carlo — 
 
 31 Marcellinus, chronol. — 
 
 23 Marcion of Sinope — 
 46 Marco Polo, navig. — 
 42 Marianus Scotus — 
 
 51 Marot, Clement — 
 
 54 Marsham, Sir John — 
 22 Martial — 
 28 Martin of Tours — 
 
 52 Martyr, Peter — 
 
 55 Massillon, John Baptist — 
 
 48 Matthew of Westminster — 
 
 24 Maximus Tyrius — 
 
 51 Melancthon, Philip — 
 22 Menelaus of Alexandria — 
 46 Merton, Walter de — 
 50 Merula, George — 
 41 Mesue. Arabian phys. — 
 44 Mesue of Cordova — 
 
 53 Meursius, John — 
 53 Mezerai, Francis de — 
 57 Middleton, Bishop — 
 
 53 Middleton, Sir Hugh — 
 
 54 Milton, John — 
 
 25 Minucius, Felix — 
 
 54 Moliere, John Baptist — 
 
 52 Montaigne, Michael de — 
 
 49 Monstrelet, Enguerrand de — 
 
 55 Montagu, Lady M. W. — 
 24 Montanus — 
 55 Montesquieu, Baron de — 
 
 55 Montfaucon, Bernard de — 
 
 53 Mornay, Philip de — 
 30 Moses Chorenensis — 
 
 56 Mozart, Johann — 
 
 50 Muller, John, Regiomontanus — 
 53 Murillo, Bartolomeo — 
 
 332 
 321 
 291 
 447 
 201 
 
 432 
 
 277 
 91 
 70 
 755 
 630 
 217 
 554 
 485 
 
 33 
 25 
 
 A.D. 
 
 381 
 1506 
 1737 
 
 403 
 1166 
 
 493 
 1695 
 1604 
 1366 
 1491 
 1501 
 1552 
 1677 
 
 537 
 
 134 
 1295 
 1073 
 1524 
 1661 
 81 
 
 369 
 1557 
 1717 
 1361 
 
 151 
 1541 
 98 
 1264 
 1476 
 1007 
 1153 
 1625 
 1650 
 1814 
 1615 
 1654 
 
 220 
 1658 
 1574 
 1432 
 1718 
 
 173 
 1741 
 1720 
 1607 
 
 462 
 1787 
 1461 
 1644 
 
II. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° 
 
 55JMacclesfield, Thomas earl of »-« 
 57 Mackintosh, Sir James — 
 
 21 Macro, Roman minister — 
 
 51 Magellan, Ferdinand de — 
 
 27 Magnentius the tyrant — 
 39 Mahomed, Saracen general — 
 
 54 Maintenon, Madame de — 
 57 Malcolm, Sir John — 
 25 Mammea, mother to Severus — 
 41 Mannasses, George — 
 
 56 Mansfield, William earl of — 
 33 Manuel, governor in Egypt — 
 
 30 Marcellitius, Western minister 
 
 23 Marcellus, Roman minister — 
 47 March, Mortimer earl of — 
 
 24 Marcia, favourite of Commodus 
 23 Marcius Turbo, governor in Judea 
 47 Marigni, Enguerrand de — 
 
 55 Marlborough, John duke of — 
 
 39 Marozia, mistress to Sergius III. 
 
 54 Marvell, Andrew — 
 
 55 Masham, Abigail lady — 
 
 40 Matilda, mother of Otho — 
 43 Maud, Empress — 
 33 Maurice, governor of Rome — 
 
 22 Maximus, general in Germany 
 
 23 Maximus • — 
 
 52 Mayenne, Duke de — 
 
 53 Mazarine, Cardinal — 
 52 Medici, Catherine de 
 
 41 Melenda, Gonzales — 
 52 Melvil, Sir James — 
 32 Merovaeus, son to Chilperic — 
 
 21 Messalina, Empress — 
 23 Minucius Fundanus, proconsul 
 
 in Asia — 
 
 25 Misitheus, Roman minister — 
 
 26 Mnesthius, the Notary — 
 
 28 Modestus, Roman minister — 
 
 31 Modred, usurper in Britain — 
 
 47 Molay, James de — 
 
 54 Monmouth, James duke of — 
 
 48 Montagu, John de — 
 45 Montfort, Simon count de — 
 45 Montfort, earl of Leicester — 
 
 42 Montlheri, Hugh de — 
 45 Montmorency, Constable Mat- 
 thew de — 
 
 47 Montmorency, Charles de — 
 
 52 Montmorency, Constable de — 
 
 53 Montrose, James marquis of — 
 
 57 Moore, General Sir John — 
 47 Moray, Randulph earl of — 
 52 Moray, James, regent, earl of — 
 
 51 More, Sir Thomas — 
 
 49 Mortimer, Edward earl of March 
 
 50 Morton, Bishop — 
 
 52 Morton, James, regent, earl of 
 42 Mowbray, Robert de — 
 
 22 Mucianus, Roman minister — 
 28 Musonianus, Roman minister — 
 
 32 Mummol, French general — 
 
 6 Nahum the Prophet — 
 
 16 Neanthes of Cyzicum, hist. — 
 20 Nestor of Tarsus, the preceptor 
 
 of Marcellus — 
 
 17 Nicander of Colophon, poeta — 
 
 18 still living — 
 
 20 Nicetes, rhetor. — 
 
 19 Nicolaus Damascenus, hist. — 
 
 20 is in favour with Herod 
 
 13 Nicochares the comic poet con- 
 tends with Aristophanes — 
 
 13 Nicophon the comic poet con- 
 
 tends with Aristophanes — 
 
 14 Nossis of Locri, poetria epig, — 
 16JNaevius the poet fl. — 
 16 — ' death of — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1718 
 
 1809 
 
 32 
 
 1510 
 
 350 
 
 905 
 1694 
 1810 
 
 223 
 1043 
 1780 
 
 634 
 
 463 
 
 103 
 1326 
 
 186 
 
 118 
 1305 
 1704 
 
 909 
 1672 
 1707 
 
 957 
 1140 
 
 641 
 92 
 
 113 
 1585 
 1646 
 1572 
 1001 
 1587 
 
 571 
 43 
 
 124 
 
 239 
 274 
 366 
 537 
 1310 
 1681 
 1385 
 1208 
 1244 
 1092 
 
 1214 
 1349 
 1557 
 1641 
 1808 
 1314 
 1568 
 1525 
 1412 
 1479 
 1573 
 1087 
 69 
 354 
 575 
 
 B.C. 
 
 721 
 241 
 
 23 
 182 
 138 
 31 
 53 
 16 
 
 388 
 
 388 
 356 
 235 
 201 
 
 N° 
 
 53 Napier, John — 
 
 37 Neot, St., abbot of Glastonbury 
 29 Nestorius, of Constantinople — 
 
 55 Newton, Sir Isaac > — 
 57 Niehbuhr, B. G. hist. — 
 
 35 Nothelm, abp. of Canterbury — 
 21JNarcissus, Roman minister — 
 33 Narses, Eastern general — 
 
 56 Nelson, Admiral lord — 
 50 Nevil, earl of Warwick — 
 53 Newcastle, William marquis of 
 
 55 Newcastle, Thomas duke of — 
 
 36 Nicephorus, Eastern minister — 
 35 Nicetas, Eastern general — 
 
 56 North, Frederic lord — 
 
 53 Northampton, Howard earl of 
 48 Northumberland, Henry earl of 
 52 Northumberland, Dudley duke of 
 
 54 Nottingham, Heneage earl of — 
 24 Numerianus, Roman general — 
 
 20 Oct avian library founded — 
 
 9 Obadiah the Prophet — 
 
 14 Onesicritus, the pilot of Alex- 
 ander's ship — 
 
 19JOctacilius Plotus, rhetor. — 
 
 19 Orbilius Pupillus, gram, settles 
 
 at Rome — 
 
 47 Occam, William — 
 
 39 Odo, abp. of Canterbury — 
 
 29 Olympiodorus of Alexandria — 
 25 Oppian — 
 43 Ordericus Vitalis — 
 25 Origen — 
 56 Orme, Robert — 
 
 40 Oswald, abp. of York — 
 43 Otho Freisingensis — 
 
 54 Otway, Thomas — 
 26JOdenatus, king of Palmyra — 
 49 Oldcastle, lord Cobham — 
 
 53 Olivarez, Gaspar duke of — 
 
 55 Onslow, Arthur — 
 
 30 Orestes — 
 
 54 Orford, Russell earl of — 
 49 Orleans, Louis duke of — 
 
 55 Orleans, Philip, regent duke of 
 
 54 Ormond, James duke of — 
 42 Osmund, bp. of Sarum — 
 52 Ossat, Cardinal — 
 
 52 Ossuna, Duke of — 
 
 55 Osterman, Count — 
 21 Ostorius, Roman general — 
 
 53 Oxenstiern, Chancellor — 
 55 Oxford, Harley earl of — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1614 
 
 850 
 
 427 
 
 1701 
 
 1816 
 
 741 
 
 44 
 
 602 
 
 1798 
 
 1456 
 
 1643 
 
 1744 
 
 775 
 
 745 
 
 1770 
 
 1608 
 
 1386 
 
 1551 
 
 1663 
 
 198 
 
 B.C. 
 
 33 
 
 588 
 
 326 
 81 
 
 63 
 A.D. 
 1330 
 
 941 
 
 443 
 
 213 
 1143 
 
 231 
 1771 
 
 972 
 1144 
 1681 
 
 263 
 1410 
 1630 
 1740 
 
 474 
 1693 
 1403 
 1716 
 1662 
 1078 
 1592 
 1600 
 1732 
 49 
 1631 
 1710 
 
 B.C. 
 
 18 Panaetius the Stoic accompanies 
 
 Scipio in his embassy — 
 
 11 Panyasis the poet, uncle of Hero- 
 dotus, fl. — 
 
 11 put to death — 
 
 15 Parian marble terminates — 
 10 Parmenides, poet and phil. birth of 
 
 10 flourished — 
 
 11 still living — 
 
 13 Parrhasius, pictor. — 
 
 19 Parthenius of Nicea. the poet and 
 
 preceptor of Virgil, is captured 
 in the Mithridatic war — 
 
 12 Pherecrates, comic poet — 
 9 Pherecydes of Syros, phil. birth of 
 
 10 > still living — 
 
 11 Pherecydes of Athens, hist. — 
 
 12 Phidias dedicates his statue of 
 
 Minerva in the Parthenon — 
 12 death of — 
 
 14 Philemon, one of the six stan- 
 
 dards of the New Comedy be- 
 gins to exhibit — 
 
 143 
 
 489 
 457 
 264 
 519 
 503 
 455 
 396 
 
 63 
 420 
 600 
 544 
 480 
 
 438 
 432 
 
 330 
 
 N° 
 
 13 Philyllius, comic poet — 
 
 14 Philippides, one of the six stan- 
 
 dards of the New Comedy — 
 
 14 is intimate with Lysi- 
 
 machus — 
 
 15 Philiscus Corcyraeus, trag. — 
 
 12 Philistus, hist. — 
 
 13 slain by the Syracusans 
 
 10 Philo, phil. succeeds Clitomachus 
 
 in the New Academy, cir. — 
 
 11 flourished — 
 
 19 comes to Rome — 
 
 14 Philochorus, hist. UpoaKoirot at 
 
 Athens — 
 
 14 Philocrates, orat. — 
 
 6 Philolaiis of Corinth — 
 
 16 Philostephanus of Cyrene, hist. 
 13 Fhiloxenus, poeta — 
 13 death of — 
 
 10 Phrynichus gains the prize in 
 
 tragedy — 
 
 11 flourished — 
 
 11 victor in tragedy — 
 
 12 Phrynichus, comic poet, first ex- 
 
 hibits — 
 
 16 Phylarchus, hist. — 
 
 10 Pindar, birth of — 
 
 11 present at the battle of 
 
 Salamis — 
 
 12 death of — 
 
 8 Pisander of Camira, poeta — 
 
 7 Pittacus of Mytilene, birth of 
 
 9 death of 
 
 12 Plato, phil. birth of 
 
 attends to hear Socrates 
 — withdraws to Megara 
 serves in the battle of 
 
 Corinth 
 
 — i visits Sicily 
 
 death of 
 
 12 
 13 
 13 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 12 Plato the comic poet exhibits — 
 
 13 still living — 
 
 14 Polemo, phil. succeeds Xeno- 
 
 crates in the Old Academy — 
 
 15 death of — 
 
 17 Polemo, periegeta — 
 
 17 Polybius at the funeral of Philo- 
 
 pcemen — 
 
 17 ambassador to Egypt 
 
 17 iirirapxm — 
 
 17 ambassador to the con- 
 sul Marcius at Perrhabia — 
 
 and Lycortas, advocate 
 
 the cause of the Ptolemies — 
 with the Achaean exiles 
 
 returns with the exiles 
 
 to Greece — 
 
 is sent for by the consul 
 
 Manilius — 
 
 at the fall of Carthage 
 
 17 
 
 and of Corinth 
 still living 
 
 18 - 
 7 Polymnastus of Colophon, lyric 
 
 13 Polyzelus probably of the Old 
 Comedy — 
 
 15 Posidippus, one of the six stan- 
 dards of the New Comedy, be- 
 gins to exhibit — 
 
 19 Posidonius the stoic, ambassador 
 
 to Rome from Rhodes — 
 
 19 comes to Rome — 
 
 11 Praiinas, trag. contends with 
 
 jEschylus — 
 
 13 Praxitiles, sculptor — 
 
 12 Prodicus, phil. — 
 12 Protagoras, phil. flouished — 
 
 comes to Athens — 
 
 14 Protogenes, pictor — 
 17 Ptolemy of Megalopolis, hist. 
 
 governs Cyprus — 
 
 20 Pylades mimus — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 II. 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 14 Pyrrho, phil.the disciple ofAnax- 
 archus — 
 
 10 Pythagoras, phil. — 
 
 11 death of — 
 
 14 Pythocles put to death with 
 
 Phocion — 
 9 Pythocritus of Sicyon, victor at 
 
 the Pythian games — 
 
 16JPacuvius,.trag. birth of — 
 
 17 flourished — 
 
 18 exhibits — 
 
 20 Passienus, orat. death of — 
 
 17 Plautus, death of — 
 
 19 Plotius Gallus, rhetor. — 
 19 L.Pomponius,Atellanarum scriptor 
 16 M. Porcius Cato, birth of — 
 
 16 quaestor 
 
 17 consul — 
 
 17 military tribune — 
 
 17 ' censor — 
 
 17 pleads his own cause — 
 
 18 prosecutes Galba — 
 
 18 death of — 
 
 20 M. Porcius Latro, the preceptor 
 
 of Ovid, fl. — 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 20 Propertius flourished — 
 
 56 Paley, Dr. William — 
 
 52 Palladio, Andrea — 
 
 29 Panodorus of Alexandria — 
 
 25 Papinianus, jurisprud. — 
 
 28 Pappus of Alexandria — 
 45 Paris, William bishop of — 
 45 Paris, Matthew — 
 56 Park, Mungo — 
 
 52 Parker, Archbishop — 
 51 Parmigiano, Francesco — 
 56 Parr, Dr. Samuel — 
 54 Pascal, Blaise — 
 
 26 Paul of Samostrata — 
 31 Paul the Silentiary — 
 
 29 Paulinus bishop of Nola — 
 
 37 Paulinus patriarch of Aquilea 
 29 Paul us Orosius, hist. — 
 
 24 Pausanias — 
 
 29 Pelagius — 
 22 Persius — 
 
 53 Petavius, Dionysius — 
 
 30 Peter the Fuller — 
 42 Peter the Hermit — 
 44 Peter of Blois — 
 
 48 Petrarch, Francis — 
 
 22 Petronius Arbiter — 
 
 49 Peurbacius, George — 
 21 Phasdrus — 
 
 49 Philelphus, Francis — 
 
 21 Philo Judaeus — 
 
 23 Philo Biblius — 
 
 25 Philostratus — 
 
 38 Photius of Constantinople — 
 
 50 Picus, John of Mirandola — 
 47 Pilatus, Leontius — 
 55 Piranesi, John Baptist — 
 
 52 Pithou, Peter — 
 5') Platina, Bartolomeo — 
 23 Plegon the Trallian — 
 38 Plegmund, abp. of Canterbury 
 35 Plegwin, monk of York — 
 
 49 Pletho, George Gemistheus — 
 
 22 Pliny the elder — 
 
 23 Pliny the younger — 
 
 26 Plotinus — 
 23 Plutarch — 
 
 53 Pococke, Dr. Edward — 
 55 Pococke, Dr. Richard — 
 
 50 Politian, Angelo — 
 23 Polycarp, St. — 
 55 Potter, Archbishop — 
 23 Polyaenus — 
 
 335 
 539 
 472 
 
 317 
 
 574 
 219 
 154 
 140 
 10 
 184 
 88 
 91 
 234 
 204 
 195 
 191 
 184 
 153 
 149 
 149 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1794 
 1576 
 404 
 201 
 383 
 1232 
 1241 
 1799 
 1569 
 1532 
 1791 
 1653 
 262 
 544 
 409 
 801 
 416 
 153 
 406 
 57 
 1638 
 479 
 1092 
 1183 
 1353 
 61 
 1449 
 4 
 1429 
 39 
 106 
 210 
 895 
 1482 
 1343 
 1747 
 1580 
 1462 
 122 
 890 
 746 
 1433 
 66 
 103 
 254 
 109 
 1649 
 1748 
 1487 
 131 
 1733 
 145 
 
 N° 
 
 21 Pomponius Mela — 
 
 50 Pontanus. John Jovius — 
 
 55 Pope, Alexander — 
 
 26 Porphyry ■ — ■ 
 
 56 Porson, Richard — 
 
 53 Poussin, Nicholas — 
 
 54 Prideaux, Humphrey — 
 31 Priscian of Caesarea 
 
 29 Proclus of Lycea — 
 
 31 Procopius, hist. — 
 
 30 Prosper of Aquitaine ■ — • 
 28 Prudentius — 
 42 Psellus, Michael — 
 23 Ptolemy, geog. • — 
 54 PufFendorf, Samuel — 
 
 54 Purcell, Henry — 
 SlJPace, Dr. Richard — 
 
 21 Pallas, Roman minister — 
 
 23 Palma, governor of Syria — 
 
 28 Para, king of Armenia — 
 39 Paris, Robert count de — 
 
 51 Parr, queen Katherine — 
 
 55 Patinho, Don Joseph — 
 
 29 Paulinus, Western minister — 
 
 30 Pelagius, Eastern patrician — 
 
 55 Pelham, Henry — 
 
 44 Pembroke, Strongbow earl of — 
 
 45 Pembroke, Wm. Marshal earl of 
 
 45 Pembroke, Richard earl of — 
 
 46 Pembroke, Adomar earl of — 
 48 Pembroke, Hastings earl of — 
 33 Pepin, maire du palais — 
 
 57 Perceval, Spencer — 
 48 Percy, Henry ' Hotspur ' lord 
 
 24 Perennis, Roman minister — 
 54 Peterborough, Charles earl of 
 
 27 Philagrius, governor of Egypt 
 
 32 Philippicus, Eastern general — 
 
 39 Phocas, Eastern general — 
 
 40 Phocas, Eastern general — 
 
 22 Piso, favourite of Galba — 
 57 Picton, General Sir Thomas — 
 
 56 Pitt. William . — 
 
 25 Philip the younger — 
 29 Placidia, Empress — 
 
 25 Plautianus, Roman minister — 
 
 23 Plotina, Empress — 
 
 52 Pole, Cardinal — 
 56 Pombal, Marquis de — 
 
 53 Portland, Weston earl of — 
 
 54 Portland, William earl of — 
 
 26 Posthumius, tyrant of Gaul — 
 25 Priscus, governor of Syria — 
 32 Priscus, Eastern general — 
 46 Procida, John de — 
 
 28 Procopius the Tyrant — 
 
 29 Pulcheria, Empress — 
 54 Pulteney, Sir William — 
 53 Pym, John — 
 
 20 Quintilius Cremonensis, poeta 
 19 Quintius Atta, death of 
 
 22 Quintilian 
 
 22 Quintus Curtius 
 
 26 Quintilius, Roman minister 
 
 16 Rhianus, poeta 
 
 19 P. Rutilius, hist 
 
 37 Rabanus Maurus, abp. of Mentz 
 
 51 Rabelais, Francis — 
 
 54 Racine, John — 
 57 Raimbach, Abraham — 
 
 52 Ramus, Peter — 
 51 Raphael d'Urbino — 
 42 Rascelinus of Compeigne — 
 
 55 Reaumaur, Rene Anthony — 
 
 38 Reginon, Abbe — 
 
 56 Reid, Dr. Thomas — 
 
 1 
 
 A.D. 
 
 45 
 
 1468 
 
 1731 
 
 276 
 
 1790 
 
 1643 
 
 1686 
 
 525 
 
 410 
 
 534 
 
 456 
 
 392 
 
 1063 
 
 133 
 
 1676 
 
 1678 
 
 1524 
 
 45 
 
 102 
 
 372 
 
 908 
 
 1543 
 
 1726 
 
 435 
 
 492 
 
 1743 
 
 1171 
 
 1203 
 
 1222 
 
 1285 
 
 1369 
 
 626 
 
 1807 
 
 1392 
 
 181 
 
 1697 
 
 341 
 
 589 
 
 916 
 
 984 
 
 68 
 
 1814 
 
 1784 
 
 246 
 
 424 
 
 201 
 
 108 
 
 1553 
 
 1755 
 
 1632 
 
 1696 
 
 260 
 
 247 
 
 594 
 
 1282 
 
 360 
 
 411 
 
 1677 
 
 1637 
 
 B.C. 
 
 24 
 78 
 A.D. 
 89 
 64 
 269 
 
 - 222 
 
 - 88 
 A.D. 
 
 847 
 1527 
 1684 
 1828 
 1562 
 1511 
 1089 
 1710 
 
 884 
 1764 
 
 N° 
 
 53 Rembrandt, Paul — 
 
 57 Rennie, John — 
 56 Rennel, Major John — 
 56 Reynolds, Sir Joshua — 
 40 Rhazes Abubeker — 
 
 52 Riccoboni, Anthony — 
 
 50 Richmond, Margaret Countess of 
 
 48 Robert of Avesbury — 
 56 Robertson, Dr. William — 
 
 53 Rochefoucault, Duke de — 
 
 43 Rochester, Ernulph bp. of — 
 
 51 Romano, Giulio — 
 56 Roscoe, William — 
 
 58 Ronsard, Peter — 
 56 Rousseau, Jean Jaques — 
 53 Rosa, Salvator — 
 55 Rowe, Nicholas — 
 53 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul — 
 29JRadagaisus, gothic ge neral — 
 
 35 Rainfroy, maire du palais — 
 
 52 Raleigh, Sir Walter — 
 26 Regillianus, tyrant ol Pannonia 
 47 Remi, Peter — 
 
 53 Retz, Cardinal de — 
 
 29 Rhoilas, Scythian general — 
 53 Richelieu, Cardinal — 
 
 49 Richemont, Constable — 
 
 30 Ricimer, Western minister — 
 47 Rienzi, Nicholas — 
 
 55 Ripperda, Duke de — 
 45 Rivaulx, Peter de — 
 45 Roches, Peter bp. of Winchester 
 
 56 Rockingham, Charles marq. of 
 
 44 Roderick, king of Connaught 
 42 Roderigo, ' The Cid ' — 
 
 56 Rodney, Admiral lord — 
 
 53 Rohan, Henry duke de — 
 
 57 Romilly, Sir Samuel — 
 
 36 Rotgaut, general in Italy — 
 28 Ruffinus, Western minister — 
 
 31 Ruffinus, Eastern minister — 
 
 54 Russell, William lord — 
 54 Ruyter, Admiral de — 
 
 9 Sacados of Argos 
 
 16 Samius the poet begins to be dis- 
 
 tinguished — 
 
 8 Sappho — 
 12 Sannyrio, comic poet — 
 
 17 Satyrus peripat. — 
 19 Scymnus of Chios, poeta — 
 16 Silenus hist. — 
 
 7 Simonides of Amorgus — 
 
 9 Simonides of Cos, poeta — 
 10 at Athens — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 1639 
 1818 
 1800 
 1769 
 
 959 
 1579 
 1485 
 1356 
 1759 
 1645 
 1115 
 1525 
 1795 
 1558 
 1762 
 1646 
 1715 
 1622 
 
 401 
 
 714 
 1590 
 
 261 
 1321 
 1647 
 
 422 
 1626 
 1426 
 
 461 
 1347 
 1724 
 1230 
 1218 
 1765 
 1170 
 1074 
 - 1782 
 
 — 1623 
 
 — 1806 
 
 — 774 
 
 — 393 
 
 — 517 
 
 — 1679 
 
 — 1658 
 
 B.C. 
 
 — 586 
 
 218 
 611 
 407 
 160 
 90 
 201 
 693 
 556 
 525 
 gains the prize av&pSv xopS 476 
 
 11 - 
 
 1 1 death of 
 
 13 Simylus, comic poet, fl. 
 
 11 Socrates, birth of — 
 
 hears Parmenides — 
 
 12 taught by Archelaus — 
 
 13 death of — 
 
 9 Solon legislat. — 
 
 15 Sopator of Paphos of the New 
 
 Comedy exhibits — 
 
 11 Sophocles, birth of 
 
 11 - 
 
 12 - 
 
 first tragic victory — 
 
 exhibits tragedy with 
 
 Achaeus and Euripides — 
 
 employed as a general 
 
 in the Sarnian war 
 
 exhibits tragedy with 
 
 Euripides and Euphorion 
 death of 
 
 12 
 
 13 Sophocles, the grandson of the 
 elder, first exhibits tragedy — 
 
 15 Sosibius of Laconia, gram. — 
 20 Sosigines of Alexandria, math. 
 
 16 Sosilus, hist. — 
 15 Sosiphanes, trag. — 
 
 467 
 353 
 468 
 454 
 450 
 399 
 594 
 
 283 
 495 
 468 
 
 447 
 
 440 
 
 431 
 
 405 
 
 396 
 
 251 
 
 45 
 
 201 
 
 278 
 
II. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 
 
 
 N° 
 
 B.C. 
 
 N° 
 
 A. D. 
 
 N° 
 
 
 A. D. 
 
 15 Sositheus, trag. — 
 
 278 
 
 23 Suetonius — 
 
 Ill 
 
 31 Symmachus, Roman prefect 
 
 
 
 513 
 
 15 Sotades, poeta — 
 
 280 
 
 42 Suidas, lexicograph. — 
 
 1087 
 
 28 Syrianus, general in Egypt 
 
 — 
 
 356 
 
 16 Sotion of Alexandria, critic — 
 
 205 
 
 29 Sulpicius Severus, hist. — 
 
 401 
 
 
 
 B.C 
 
 14 Speusippus, phil. succeeds Plato 
 
 
 51 Surrey. Henry earl of — 
 
 1537 
 
 
 
 in the old academy — 
 
 347 
 
 55 Swift, Dr. Jonathan — 
 
 1722 
 
 10 Telesilla of Argos, poetria 
 
 
 
 510 
 
 14 death of — 
 
 339 
 
 29 Synesius, bp. of Ptolemais — 
 
 411 
 
 12 Telestes, poeta, gains a dithy- 
 
 
 14 Stephanus of the Middle Co- 
 
 
 51JSt. Andre, Mareschal de — 
 
 1548 
 
 rambic prize 
 
 — 
 
 401 
 
 medy, son of Antiphanes — 
 
 332 
 
 50 St. Pol, Constable de — 
 
 1466 
 
 7 Terpander lyric 
 
 
 
 676 
 
 8 Stesichorus, lyric, birth of — 
 
 632 
 
 56 St. Vincent, Admiral earl — 
 
 1796 
 
 8 Thales of Miletus, phil. birth of 
 
 639 
 
 9 death of — 
 
 553 
 
 31 Sabianus, Eastern general — 
 
 506 
 
 9 still living 
 
 — 
 
 546 
 
 20 Strabo, aet. 30 — 
 
 24 
 
 23 Sabina, Empress — 
 
 117 
 
 7 Thaletas lyric 
 
 
 
 690 
 
 15 Strato peripat. succeeds Theo- 
 
 
 25 Sabinus, Roman minister — 
 
 256 
 
 15 Theocritus 
 
 
 
 272 
 
 phrastus at the Lyceum — 
 
 287 
 
 51 Sadler, Sir Ralph — 
 
 1545 
 
 13 Theodectes of Phaselis, trag. 
 
 — 
 
 352 
 
 15 death of — 
 
 270 
 
 33 Sain, Persian general — 
 
 623 
 
 14 death of 
 
 — 
 
 333 
 
 12 Strattis, comic poet — 
 
 407 
 
 44 Saladin, Sultan of Egypt — 
 
 1165 
 
 20 Theodorus of Gadara, gram. 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 19 Sulla acquires the library of 
 
 
 48 Salisbury, John de Montacute 
 
 
 10 Theognis of Megara. poeta 
 
 — 
 
 544 
 
 Apellicon — 
 
 84 
 
 earl of — 
 
 1393 
 
 20 Theophanes of Lesbos, the 
 
 lis- 
 
 
 19JSallust, birth of - 
 
 86 
 
 49 Salisbury, Thomas earl of — 
 
 1414 
 
 torian in the service of Pompey 
 
 49 
 
 20 tribune — 
 
 52 
 
 53 Salisbury, Cecil earl of — 
 
 1605 
 
 14 Theophrastus succeeds Aristotle 
 
 
 20 expelled the senate — 
 
 50 
 
 43 Salisbury, Roger bp. of — 
 
 1114 
 
 in the Lyceum 
 
 — 
 
 322 
 
 20 praetor, accompanies 
 
 
 28 Sallust, minister to Julian — 
 
 361 
 
 14 Theopompus, hist, still living 
 
 
 305 
 
 Caesar in the African war — 
 
 46 
 
 54 Sancroft, Archbishop — 
 
 1687 
 
 10 Thespis first exhibits traged; 
 
 r 
 
 535 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 34 
 
 54 Sandwich, Edward earl of — 
 
 1666 
 
 13 Thrasybulus Cottyensis, orat. 
 
 _ 
 
 372 
 
 18 Sempronius Asellio the historian 
 
 
 33 Sarbarus, Persian general — 
 
 621 
 
 11 Thucydides, birth of 
 
 
 
 471 
 
 serves at Numantia — 
 
 134 
 
 33 Saturninus, tyrant of Kgypt — 
 
 262 
 
 12 in command at Amphi- 
 
 
 19 Sisenna, hist. — 
 
 87 
 
 57 Saumarez, Admiral lord — 
 
 1827 
 
 polis 
 
 
 
 424 
 
 17 Sulpicius Gallus, astron. sent on 
 
 
 53 Saxe Weimar, William duke of 
 
 1633 
 
 12 in exile, partly in Thrace 
 
 423 
 
 a mission to Eumenes — 
 
 164 
 
 55 Saxe, Mareschal count — 
 
 1745 
 
 12 returns from exile 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 24 Scapula, proconsul of Africa — 
 54 Schomberg, Mareschal duke of 
 
 199 
 1682 
 
 is still employed upon 
 history 
 
 his 
 
 
 
 403 
 
 23 Salvius Julianus 
 
 130 
 
 48 Scrope, Richard, lord chancellor 
 
 1378 
 
 19 Timagenes the sophist 
 
 — 
 
 55 
 
 53 Sarpi, Father Paul — 
 
 1602 
 
 45 Segrave, Stephen — 
 
 1234 
 
 15 Timaeus, hist. 
 
 — 
 
 265 
 
 50 Savonarola, Jerome — 
 
 1481 
 
 47 Segrave, Sir Nicholas — 
 
 1303 
 
 15 Timocharis, astron. 
 
 — 
 
 281 
 
 45 Saxo Grammaticus — 
 
 1201 
 
 21 Sejanus, Roman minister — 
 
 22 
 
 14 Timocles of the New Comedy 
 
 
 51 Scaliger, Julius — 
 
 1534 
 
 43 Senlis, Chancellor de — 
 
 1121 
 
 exhibits 
 
 — 
 
 324 
 
 52 Scaliger, Joseph — 
 
 1581 
 
 27 Severus, Caesar under Chlorus 
 
 305 
 
 11 Timocreon of Rhodes, lyric 
 
 
 471 
 
 56 Schiller, Frederic — 
 
 1792 
 
 28 Severus, Roman general — 
 
 371 
 
 15 Timon Phliasis, critic 
 
 — 
 
 279 
 
 49 Schceffer, Peter — 
 
 1442 
 
 25 Severianus. governor of Mysia 
 
 244 
 
 15 Timosthenes of Rhodes, geog. 
 
 262 
 
 57 Scott, Sir Walter — 
 
 1813 
 
 51 Seymour, Queen Jane — 
 
 1536 
 
 12 Timotheus, poeta, birth of 
 
 — 
 
 446 
 
 38 Scotus, John, ' Erigena* — 
 
 861 
 
 54 Seymour, Sir Edward — 
 
 1688 
 
 13 flourished 
 
 — 
 
 398 
 
 33 Secundus, hist, of Lombardy — 
 
 603 
 
 54 Shaftesbury, Anthony earl of — 
 
 1670 
 
 13 death of 
 
 — 
 
 357 
 
 53 Selden, John — 
 
 1634 
 
 34 Shahpoor, governor of Armenia 
 
 664 
 
 19 Tyrannio the grammarian taken 
 
 
 22 Seneca — 
 
 52 
 
 56 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley — 
 
 1787 
 
 at Amisus 
 
 — 
 
 71 
 
 52 Servetus, Michael — 
 
 1554 
 
 49 Shrewsbury, John first earl of 
 
 1436 
 
 20 Tyrannio the younger 
 
 — 
 
 31 
 
 54 Sevi?ne, Madame de — 
 
 1651 
 
 54 Shrewsbury, Charles duke of — 
 
 1695 
 
 7 Tyrtaeus 
 
 — 
 
 683 
 
 29 Servius, comment, on Virgil — 
 
 410 
 
 30 Siagrius, Roman governor — 
 
 478 
 
 17JTerence, birth of 
 
 — 
 
 195 
 
 52 Shakspeare, William — 
 
 1595 
 
 54 Sidney, Algernon — 
 
 1680 
 
 17 death of 
 
 — 
 
 159 
 
 55 Sherlock, Bishop — 
 
 1735 
 
 38 Sigebert the Norman — 
 
 882 
 
 20 Tibullus is with Messalla in 
 
 the 
 
 
 56 Siddons, Sarah — 
 
 1784 
 
 53 Sillery, Chancellor Brulart de — 
 
 1607 
 
 war with Aquitaine 
 
 — 
 
 27 
 
 52 Sidney, Sir Philip — 
 
 1585 
 
 41 Siward, Earl of Northumberland 
 
 1044 
 
 20 death of 
 
 — 
 
 18 
 
 30 Sidomus Apollinaris — 
 
 469 
 
 55 Slingelandt, Pensionary — 
 
 1623 
 
 18 Turpilius, comicus, death of 
 
 — 
 
 103 
 
 42 Sigebert of Brabant — 
 
 1094 
 
 51 Smith, Sir Thomas — 
 
 1550 
 
 20 M. Tullius Tiro 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 52 Sigonius, Charles — 
 
 1570 
 
 31 Solomon, Eastern general — 
 
 538 
 
 
 
 A. D. 
 
 22 Silius Italicus — 
 
 74 
 
 54 Somers, John lord — 
 
 1691 
 
 
 
 
 44 Simeon of Durham — 
 
 1165 
 
 50 Somerset, Edmund duke of — 
 
 1464 
 
 22 Tacitus 
 
 — 
 
 94 
 
 33 Simocatta, Theophylactus — 
 
 612 
 
 51 Somerset, Edward duke of — 
 
 1547 
 
 27 Taliessin, the Welsh Bard 
 
 — 
 
 335 
 
 31 Simplicius of Cilicia — 
 
 546 
 
 53 Somerset, Carr earl of — 
 
 1612 
 
 52 Tasso, Torquato 
 
 — 
 
 1583 
 
 57 Sismondi, J. C. L. — 
 
 1821 
 
 53 Spinola, marquis de ' — 
 
 1616 
 
 24 Tatian 
 
 — 
 
 171 
 
 51 Sleidan, John — 
 
 1539 
 
 50 Stafford, duke of Buckingham 
 
 1478 
 
 35 Tatwine, abp. of Canterbury 
 
 — 
 
 733 
 
 55 Sloane, Sir Hans — 
 
 1708 
 
 54 Stair, James Viscount — 
 
 1678 
 
 54 Taylor, Bishop Jeremy 
 
 — 
 
 1664 
 
 56 Smeaton, John — 
 
 1761 
 
 54 Stair, John earl of — 
 
 1698 
 
 24 Tertullian 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 56 Smith, Adam — 
 
 1775 
 
 55 Stair, John earl of — 
 
 1727 
 
 46 Thebit, Arabian astron. 
 
 — 
 
 1296 
 
 45 Snorro Sturleston — 
 
 1231 
 
 55 Stanhope, James earl — 
 
 1706 
 
 28 Themistheus Euphrades 
 
 — 
 
 362 
 
 29 Socrates the Scholastic — 
 
 419 
 
 50 Stanley, Thomas lord — 
 
 1485 
 
 29 Theodoret, bp. of Cyrus 
 
 — 
 
 437 
 
 22 Solinus — 
 
 86 
 
 47 Stapleton, bp. of Exeter — 
 
 1324 
 
 24 Theodotion the Interpreter 
 
 — 
 
 183 
 
 46 Sorbonne, Robert de — 
 
 1263 
 
 37 Stauracius, Eastern minister — 
 
 804 
 
 23 Theon of Smyrna 
 
 — 
 
 117 
 
 55 South, Dr. Robert — 
 
 1705 
 
 24 Statius Priscus, Roman general 
 
 165 
 
 28 Theon of Alexandria 
 
 — 
 
 385 
 
 55 Southerne, Thomas — 
 
 1732 
 
 35 Stephen, Eastern general — 
 
 730 
 
 24 Theophilus, bp. of Antioch 
 
 — 
 
 170 
 
 57 Southey, Robert — 
 
 1822 
 
 28 Stilicho, Western general — 
 
 396 
 
 46 Thomas d' Aquinas, St. 
 
 — 
 
 1254 
 
 29 Sozomen of Salamis — 
 
 439 
 
 53 Strafford, Thomas earl of — 
 
 1635 
 
 55 Thomson, James 
 
 — 
 
 1738 
 
 53 Spelman, Sir Henry — 
 
 1623 
 
 57 Stowell, William lord — 
 
 1824 
 
 52 Thou, President de 
 
 — 
 
 1598 
 
 52 Spenser, Edmund — 
 
 1584 
 
 22 Suetonius Paulinus, governor of 
 
 
 54 Tillemont, Louis 
 
 — 
 
 1694 
 
 57 Stael, Madame de — 
 
 1804 
 
 Britain — 
 
 62 
 
 54 Tillotson, Archbishop 
 
 — 
 
 1691 
 
 22 Statius — 
 
 91 
 
 48 Suffolk, Michael de la Pole 
 
 
 30 Timotheus Gazaeus 
 
 — 
 
 495 
 
 55 Steele, Sir Richard — 
 
 1712 
 
 earl of — 
 
 1384 
 
 52 Tintoretto Giacomo 
 
 — 
 
 1565 
 
 51 Stephens, Robert — 
 
 1540 
 
 49 Suffolk, William earl of — 
 
 1442 
 
 50 Tiphernas, Gregory 
 
 — 
 
 1474 
 
 52 Stephens, Henry — 
 
 1571 
 
 43 Suger, Abbe — 
 
 1138 
 
 50 Tiptoft, earl of Worcester 
 
 — 
 
 1467 
 
 57 Stewart, Dugald — 
 
 1809 
 
 52 Sully, Duke de — 
 
 1593 
 
 51 Titiano Vecelli 
 
 — 
 
 1542 
 
 54 Stillingfleet, bishop — 
 
 1690 
 
 54 Sunderland, Robert earl of — 
 
 1686 
 
 56 Tooke, John Home 
 
 — 
 
 1782 
 
 29 Stobceus, John — 
 
 405 
 
 37 Swithun. bp of Winchester — 
 
 836 
 
 26 Trebellius Pollio 
 
 — 
 
 298 
 
 44 Sueno Agonis — 
 
 1186 
 
 28 Symmachus, governor of Rome 
 
 386 
 
 49 Trebisond, George 
 
 
 1431 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 II. 
 
 MEN OF EMINENCE 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 31 Tribonianus, juriscons. — 529 
 
 51 Trissino, John George — 1529 
 
 46 Trivet, Nicholas — 1298 
 
 44 Tzetzes, John — 1159 
 37JTaherus, Saracen general — 810 
 55 Talbot, Lord Chancellor — 1733 
 
 55 Tallard, Mareschal — 1705 
 57 Talleyrand, Prince — 1804 
 49 Tamerlane — 1402 
 
 36 Teleric, king of Bulgaria — 777 
 
 47 Tell, William — 1308 
 54 Temple, Sir William — 1671 
 57 Tenterden, Charles lord — 1819 
 26 Tetricus, tyrant in Gaul — 273 
 31 Theodora, Empress — 534 
 
 39 Theodora, Roman courtezan — 907 
 
 33 Theodorus, Eastern minister — 619 
 
 37 Theodosius, Eastern minister — 813 
 28 Theodosius, Roman general — 373 
 
 34 Theodosius, brother to Constan- 
 
 tius — 654 
 
 42 Theodosius, son to Monomachus 1056 
 
 40 Theophania, Empress — 972 
 37 Theophobus, Eastern minister 834 
 37 Thomas the Slave — 820 
 42 Thoulouse, Raymond IV. count 1097 
 
 45 Thoulouse, Raymond VI. — 1207 
 
 45 Thoulouse, Raymond VII. — 1224 
 22 Thrasea Partus — 58 
 
 35 Thrasemond, Papal general — 740 
 
 54 Thurloe, John — 1655 
 
 56 Thurlow, Edward lord — 1785 
 
 34 Tiberius, Eastern minister — 667 
 
 35 Tiberius, tyrant of Sicily — 718 
 22 Tigellinus, Roman minister — 64 
 24 Titianus, prefect of Gaul — 345 
 
 55 Torcy, Colbert marquis de — 1713 
 55 Torrington, Admiral lord — 1708 
 51 Tournon, Cardinal — 1541 
 
 55 Townshend, Charles viscount — 1722 
 
 56 Townshend, Charles — 1761 
 56 Townshend, George viscount — 1769 
 
 49 Tremouille, George de la — 1433 
 
 50 Tremouille, Louis de la — 1488 
 
 51 Trivulce, Mareschal — 1511 
 47 Trussel, Sir William — 1327 
 54 Turenne. Mareschal — 1657 
 
 46 Turgel, regent of Sweden — 1283 
 56 Turgot, Robert Jacques — 1777 
 39 Turketul, Chancellor — 941 
 
 53 Usher, Archbishop — 
 
 41JUlnoth, thane of Sussex — 
 
 25 Ulpian, Roman lawyer — 
 
 24 Ulpius Marcellus, governor of 
 Britain — 
 
 41 Uthred earl of Northumberland 
 30 Uvinomadus, French minister — 
 
 18 Valerius Antias, Roman hist. — 
 
 18 M. T. Varro, birth of — 
 
 19 serves under Pompey 
 
 against the Pirates — 
 
 20 — lieutenant in Spain — 
 
 20 — - — proscribed — 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 19 P. T. Varro Atacinus, poeta — 
 19 Valerius Cato, gram. — 
 
 19 Virgil, birth of — 
 19 assumes the toga virilis 
 
 20 employed upon the Eneid 
 
 20 recit. ' Tu Marcellus eris ' 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 20 Vitruvius, arch. — 
 
 21 Valerius Maximus 
 
 22 Valerius Flaccus 
 49 Valla, Laurentius 
 
 1631 
 1009 
 222 
 
 183 
 
 1014 
 
 462 
 
 B.C. 
 
 111 
 116 
 
 67 
 49 
 43 
 28 
 82 
 81 
 70 
 55 
 24 
 22 
 19 
 
 — 27 
 
 A.D. 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 84 
 
 — 1436 
 
 N° 
 
 54 Vaillant, John — 
 
 53 Vandyke, Sir Anthony — 
 
 53 Vega, Lopez de la — 
 
 53 Velasquez, Diego — 
 
 21 Velleius Paterculus — 
 
 52 Veronese, Paul — 
 51 Vergil, Polydore — 
 
 30 Victorius of Aquitaine — 
 51 Vida, Hieronymus — 
 57 Vincent, Dr. William — 
 56 Voltaire, Francis A. — 
 
 46 Voragine, Jacobus de — 
 
 53 Vossius, Gerard John 
 27JValens the Caesar — 
 25 Valerius Maximus, general in 
 
 Illyria — 
 
 47 Valois, Charles de — 
 
 53 Vane, Sir Henry — 
 
 54 Van Tromp, Admiral M. — 
 54 Van Tromp, Admiral C. — 
 
 54 Vauban, Mareschal de — 
 46 Vendome, Matthew de — 
 56 Vergennes, Count de — 
 39 Vermandois, Herbert count de 
 42 Vermandois, Hugh count de — 
 50 Vespucius, Americus — 
 
 48 Vienne, John de — 
 
 45 Vignes, Peter de — 
 
 49 Vignoles, La Hire — 
 
 55 Villars, Mareschal — 
 
 46 Villebon, Peter de — 
 53 Villeroy, Secretary — 
 25 Vitalianus, Roman minister — 
 
 31 Vitalianus, Gothic general — 
 29 Vitus, Roman general — 
 34 Vulfoald, maire du palais — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1665 
 1633 
 1611 
 1632 
 15 
 1573 
 1514 
 
 463 
 1531 
 1805 
 1751 
 1285 
 1626 
 
 311 
 
 233 
 
 1315 
 
 1645 
 
 1652 
 
 1664 
 
 1685 
 
 1276 
 
 1774 
 
 929 
 
 1096 
 
 1499 
 
 1374 
 
 1235 
 
 1439 
 
 1709 
 
 1252 
 
 1603 
 
 235 
 
 512 
 
 442 
 
 677 
 
 54 Waller, Edmund — 1656 
 
 45 Walter of Coventry — 1213 
 
 54 Walton, Bishop Brian — 1659 
 
 56 Warburton, Bishop — 1756 
 
 55 Waterland, Dr. Daniel — 1728 
 
 56 Watt, James — 1773 
 
 57 Weber, Carl von — 1817 
 38 Werferth, bp. of Worcester — 873 
 43 Wernerus, German civilian — 1150 
 55 Wesley, John — 1740 
 
 57 Wesley, Samuel — 1826 
 49 Wesselus, John of Gronigen — 1444 
 57 White, Henry Kirke — 1803 
 55 Whitefield, George — 1739 
 
 34 Wilbrod, bp. of Utrecht — 696 
 
 48 Wiclif, John — 1369 
 57 Wilkie, Sir David — 1827 
 36 Willehad, bp. of Bremen — 787 
 
 42 William of Spires — 1081 
 
 43 William of Malmsbury — 1140 
 
 44 William of Newburgh — 1195 
 
 49 William of Waynflete — 1447 
 36 Willibald, bp. of Eichstadt — 753 
 49 Wintoun, Andrew — 1430 
 
 35 Withred, presbyter — 747 
 57 Wollaston, William H. — 1809 
 
 54 Wren, Sir Christopher — 1670 
 
 41 Wulfstan, abp. of York — 1003 
 
 42 Wulstan, bp. of Worcester — 1068 
 
 51 Wyat, Sir Thomas — 1532 
 54JWalker, Rev. George — 1689 
 
 46 Wallace, Sir William — 1298 
 53 Wallestein, Albert count — 1627 
 
 55 Walpole, Sir Robert — 1721 
 
 52 Walsingham, Sir Francis — 1581 
 
 36 Walter of Alsace — 765 
 42 Waltheof, earl of Northumberland 1069 
 51 Warham, Archbishop — 1515 
 49 Warwick, Beauchamp earl of — 1435 
 
 56 Weimar, Anne duchess of — 1756 
 
 57 Wellesley, Richard Marquis — 1821 
 57 Wellington, Arthur duke of — 1815 
 49 Westmoreland, Nevil earl of — 1405 
 
 N° 
 
 57 Whitbread, Samuel — 
 
 54 Whitelock, Bulstrode — 
 
 52 Whitgift, Archhishop — 
 57 Whitworth, Charles Earl — 
 56 Wilberfoice, William — 
 43 William of Ypres — 
 45 William of Provence — 
 
 53 Williams, abp. of York — 
 
 55 Wilmington, Spencer earl of — 
 48 Wiltshire, Scrope earl of — 
 43 Winchester, Henry bp. of — 
 
 56 Windham, William — 
 53 Winwood, Sir Ralph — 
 
 36 Witikind, Saxon general — 
 56 Wolfe, General James — 
 51 Wolsey, Cardinal — 
 53 Wotton, Sir Henry — 
 
 37 Wulfhere, general to Egbert — 
 50 Wydvile, earl Rivers — 
 48 Wykeham, William of — 
 
 11 Xanthus of Lydia, hist — 
 13 Xenarchus, minograph. at the 
 
 court of Dionysius — 
 
 1 2 Xenocles exhibits tragedy against 
 
 Euripides — 
 
 12 still living — 
 
 13 Xenocrates, phil. birth of — 
 — succeeds Speusippus in 
 
 the Old Academy 
 death of 
 
 14 
 
 10 Xenophanes, phil. birth of — 
 
 10 flourished — 
 
 11 an exile in Sicily — 
 
 12 Xenophon at the battle of Delium 
 12 goes with Cyrus into Asia 
 
 12 withdraws to Scillus — 
 
 13 flourished — 
 
 13 death of — 
 
 51 Ximenes, Cardinal 
 
 55 Young, Dr. Edward 
 57 Young, Dr. Thomas 
 45JYoland, Empress 
 
 52 York, Richard duke of 
 
 56 York, Edward duke of 
 
 57 York, Frederic duke of 
 
 7 Zaleucus of Locrus — 
 
 13 Zechariah the Prophet — 
 
 11 Zeno of Elea, the inventor of logic 
 
 11 still living — 
 
 15 Zeno of Cittium, phil. — 
 
 15 directs the stoic school 
 
 15 death of, according to 
 
 Eusebius — 
 
 — according to Laertius 
 
 15 - 
 
 16 Zeno of Tarsus, the stoic, suc- 
 
 ceeds Chrysippus — 
 
 17 Zeno the Rhodian, hist. — 
 19 Zeno the Epicurean, taught at 
 
 Athens — 
 
 15 Zenodotus of Ephesus, critic — 
 
 8 Zephaniah the Prophet — 
 
 13 Zeuxis, pictor. — 
 
 14 Zoilus the critic flourished — 
 
 29 Zosimus, hist. — 
 
 51 Zuinglius, Ulric — 
 
 26JZenobia, queen of Palmyra — 
 
 45 Zingis Khan — 
 
 55 Zinzendorff, Chancellor — 
 
 39 Zoe, Empress — 
 38 Zuendebold, duke of Moravia — 
 
 A.D 
 
 1803 
 1659 
 1583 
 1813 
 1793 
 1137 
 1236 
 1625 
 1729 
 1394 
 1143 
 1792 
 1614 
 
 781 
 1758 
 1519 
 1624 
 
 826 
 1468 
 1388 
 
 B.C. 
 463 
 
 393 
 
 415 
 406 
 396 
 
 339 
 315 
 527 
 538 
 477 
 424 
 401 
 394 
 374 
 359 
 
 A.D. 
 1505 
 
 1742 
 
 1807 
 1217 
 1452 
 1767 
 1820 
 
 B.C. 
 
 660 
 519 
 464 
 435 
 299 
 278 
 
 263 
 259 
 
 207 
 198 
 
 79 
 271 
 639 
 397 
 331 
 
 A.D. 
 
 427 
 1518 
 
 268 
 1225 
 1731 
 
 911 
 
 889 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 7 Abdera founded by the Clazomenians — 
 
 6 Abydos in Asia Minor planted by the Milesians — 
 
 7 Acanthus in Macedonia founded — 
 15 Achaean League, commencement of — 
 17 send embassies to Rome and Egypt while 
 
 Philopcemen is in office — 
 exiles return to Greece — 
 
 17 
 
 18 war — 
 
 17 Acilius defeats Antiochus at Thermopylae — 
 
 17 besieges Amphissa — 
 
 7 Acrae in Etolia founded — 
 
 6 Actaeon slain by the Bacchiadae — 
 
 20 Actium, battle of, — Flight of Antony and Cleopatra — 
 
 1 1 iEaces restored by the Persians to the tyranny of Samos 
 
 12 ^Egospotami, battle of, — Defeat of Conon by Lysander 
 17 Africa for the most part submits to the consul Scipio — 
 
 3 Agamemnon, accession of — 
 
 14 Agathocles lands in Africa at the time of a solar eclipse 
 
 14 leaves Africa — 
 
 15 takes Crotona — 
 
 15 death of — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 654 
 715 
 654 
 280 
 
 187 
 151 
 147 
 191 
 190 
 664 
 734 
 31 
 494 
 405 
 147 
 1200 
 310 
 307 
 299 
 289 
 
 13 Agesilaus II. passes from Aulis to Ephesus, — his first 
 
 campaign in Asia — 396 
 
 second campaign.— He gains a victory near 
 
 Sardis 
 
 recalled from Asia — 
 
 takes the Piraeus of Corinth — 
 
 makes an expedition into Acarnania — 
 
 marches into Bceotia — 
 
 in Bceotia, second campaign — 
 
 in Bceotia, third campaign, Cleombrotus takes 
 
 the command — 
 
 passes into Arcadia — 
 
 death of, on his return from Egypt to Sparta 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 13 Agesipolis I. makes an expedition into Argolis 
 
 14 Agis III. king of Sparta slain by Antipater 
 
 16 Agis IV. king of Sparta put to death — 
 
 12 Agnon leads a colony to Amphipolis — 
 
 9 Agrigentum founded, according to Thucydides — 
 
 12 captured by Dionysius — 
 
 12 ■ taken by the Carthaginians — 
 
 15 surrender of, to the consuls Metellus and Vitulus 
 
 16 delivered to the consul Laevinus — 
 
 20 Agrippa crosses the Rhine — 
 
 20 now aedile, restores the public edifices of Rome 
 
 13 Agyrrhius is sent as successor to Thrasybulus at As- 
 
 pendus — 
 
 9 Alalia in Corsica, founded by the Phocceans — 
 
 12 Alcibiades effects a treaty between the Athenians and 
 
 the Argives — 
 
 12 sails with the Athenian fleet to Sicily — 
 
 12 recalled from Sicily — 
 
 12 passes over to Asia — 
 
 12 ■ takes Selymbria and Byzantium — 
 
 12 returns to Athens — 
 
 12 deposed — 
 
 12 death of — 
 
 3 Aletes obtains Corinth — 
 
 13 Alexander the Great, birth of 
 
 Asia 
 
 engages the Triballi and the Illyrians — 
 
 passes the Hellespont. — His first campaign in 
 
 395 
 394 
 392 
 391 
 378 
 377 
 
 376 
 370 
 362 
 390 
 331 
 241 
 437 
 582 
 407 
 406 
 262 
 210 
 37 
 33 
 
 389 
 564 
 
 420 
 415 
 415 
 412 
 408 
 407 
 407 
 404 
 1074 
 356 
 335 
 
 334 
 
 14 founds Alexandria in Egypt — 332 
 
 14 marches to the oracle of Ammon — 332 
 
 14 takes Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis — 331 
 
 14 reduces the regions round the Caspian — 330 
 
 14 passes the Oxus — 329 
 
 14 founds Alexandria on the Tana'is — 329 
 
 14 passes the Tana'is, and engages the Scythians 329 
 
 14 reaches the mouth of the Indus — 325 
 
 14 and Nearchus meet at Susiana — 324 
 
 14 enters Babylon in the spring — 323 
 
 14 death of, at Babylon — 323 
 
 14 other leading events of the 11 campaigns 334 — 324 
 
 Arbeba, &c. are enumerated throughout the 
 alphabetical arrangement 
 
 20 Alexandrine war — 48 
 17 Ambracia besieged by the consul Fulvius, who grants 
 
 peace to the Jfetolians — 
 
 6 Aminocles of Corinth first commands the Athenian navy 
 
 9 Amisus in Pontus founded by the Phocaeans 
 
 189 
 704 
 563 
 
 N° 
 
 14 Amphictyonic congress at Corinth — 
 
 12 Amphipolis taken by Brasidas from Thucydides — 
 
 11 Anaxilaiis of Rhegium, death of — 
 
 12 Andocides the oraior commands a fleet ■ — 
 18 Andriscus the Pseudo-Philippus usurps the throne of 
 
 Macedon — 
 
 12 Andros, siege of, by Alcibiades — 
 17 Anicius ends the Illyrian war in thirty days — 
 
 13 Antalcidas releases Nicholocus, who is blocked up at 
 
 Abydos by Iphicrates and Diotimus — 
 
 11 Antigonus and Eumenes at war in Upper Asia — 
 
 14 ■ a second time at war — 
 
 14 Antigonus, Lysimachus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy assume 
 
 the title of kings — 
 
 14 opposes Lysimachus in Cappadocia, — Seleucus 
 
 approaches from Upper Asia — 
 
 17 Antiochus Magnus defeats Scopas at Panium, and con- 
 quers Ccelosyria — 
 
 17 passes into Greece — 
 
 17 enters Acarnania — 
 
 17 defeated at sea, retires to Phrygia — 
 
 17 Antiochus Epiphanes takes Jerusalem — 
 
 18 Antiochus Sidetes defeated and killed by Phraates king 
 
 of Parthia — 
 
 18 Antiochus Cyzicenus defeats Grypus, and obtains Syria 
 
 19 defeated by Seleucus near Antioch — 
 
 14 Antipater, death of — 
 
 12 Antipho frames the Constitution of Four Hundred — 
 
 20 Antony proceeds to Cisalpine Gaul • — 
 
 20 and Lepidus, junction of — 
 
 20 in repose at Athens — 
 
 20 invades Armenia, and takes Artabazus prisoner 
 
 20 in Egypt — 
 
 20 and Octavianus, rupture between — 
 
 8 Apollonia on the Euxine founded — 
 19 Appius Claudius demands the delivery of Mithridates 
 
 from Tigranes to Lucullus — 
 
 9 Apries king of Egypt dethroned by Nebuchadnezzar — 
 
 18 Aquillius the consul commands in Sicily — 
 
 19 ends the Servile war in Sicily — 
 
 15 Aratus delivers Sicyon — 
 
 16 delivers Corinth — 
 
 14 Arbela, battle of, gained by Alexander, — Flight of Darius 
 
 13 Arcadia and Elis, war between — 
 13 Arcadians and Pisaeans preside at the Olympic games 
 
 3 Areas, the sons of, from whom the Arcadian dynasty — 
 13 Archidamus gains 'the Tearless battle' over the Ar- 
 cadians — 
 
 13 invades Arcadia — 
 
 14 slain in Italy — 
 
 16 Archimedes, death of — 
 12 Arginussae, sea-fight off — 
 12 Argos, revolution at — 
 
 3 Argonautic expedition to Colchis — 
 
 17 Ariarthes king of Cappadocia seeks protection at Rome 
 
 15 Ariminum and Beneventum, colonies established at ■ — 
 11 Aristagoras solicits aid from Sparta and from Athens — 
 1 1 Aristides, Ostracism of — 
 1 1 death of — 
 
 18 Aristonicus captured by the consul Perperna — 
 
 16 Arsaces founds the Parthian monarchy — 
 11 Artemisium, naval actions near — 
 15 Asculum, battle of — 
 
 6 Astacus in Bithynia founded by the Megarians — 
 
 11 Athenian ascendancy or empire, commencement of • — 
 
 12 colony to Thurium conducted by Lampon — 
 
 12 army in Sicily, flight of — 
 
 13 expedition into Eubcea against the Thebans — 
 
 12 Athenians move from Lampsacus — 
 
 11 Athens at war with iEgina — 
 
 11 long walls of, rebuilt and the Piraeus restored 
 
 12 revolution at — 
 
 12 surrenders to Lysander — 
 
 13 and Arcadia, alliance between — 
 
 15 taken by Antigonus Gonatus — 
 
 19 • stormed by Sulla — 
 
 17 Atilius the praetor is sent into Greece — 
 3 Atreus succeeds Eurystheus at Mycenae and Tiryus — 
 
 17 Attalus comes to Athens — 
 
 12 Attica, first invasion of, in the Peloponnesian war — 
 12 second invasion — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 12 Attica,- 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 -third invasion 
 fourth invasion 
 fifth invasion 
 sixth invasion 
 
 19 Augustus, birth of — 
 
 20 accepts the empire for ten years — 
 
 20 accepts the empire, a second time, for ten years 
 
 20 accepts the empire, a third time, for ten years 
 
 18 Aurelius remains as proconsul in Sardinia — 
 
 18 Auius, defeated by Jugurtha, concludes a peace — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 428 
 
 427 
 
 425 
 
 413 
 
 63 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 125 
 
 109 
 
 A. D. 
 
 35 Abderahman the Emir in Spain gains several victories 
 in France — 
 
 35 defeated and slain by Charles Martel between 
 
 Poitiers and Tours — 
 
 44 Acre, siege of, by the Crusaders — 
 
 55 Act of Settlement by king William III. — 
 
 26 iEmilianus defeated by Valerian at Spoleto — 
 
 30 jEtius the patrician murdered by Valentinian III. — 
 
 33 Africa, first invasion of, by Abdallah — 
 
 34 conquest of, by Akbah and Yezid — 
 
 35 ■ finally conquered by the Saracens — 
 
 54 Aghrim, battle of, — gained by general Ginkle — 
 22 Agricola sent into Britain by the emperor Vespasian — 
 
 22 defeats the Caledonians — 
 
 21 Agrippina lands at Brundusium with the ashes of Ger- 
 
 manicus — 
 
 21 banished with the sons of Germanicus — 
 
 55 Ahmed III. sultan, deposed — 
 
 51 Aignadel, battle of, — gained by the League over the 
 
 Venetians — 
 
 54 Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, between France and Spain 
 
 55 peace of, — the sovereignty of Maria Theresa 
 
 consolidated — 
 
 33 Aiznaden, battle of, — defeat of the emperor Heraclius 
 28 Alaric marches into Greece, Athens capitulates — 
 
 28 attacked by Stilicho, escapes to Epirus — 
 
 28 proclaimed king of the Visigoths — 
 
 29 king of the Visigoths, overruns Europe — 
 
 29 enters Italy by the Frioul — 
 
 39 Alberic, son of Marozia, revolts against Hugh king of 
 
 Italy — 
 
 32 Alboin king of Lombardy murdered by Bosamond his 
 
 queen — 
 
 52 Alcazar, battle of,— Don Sebastian slain by the Moors 
 
 33 Aleppo and Antioch taken by the Saracens — 
 33 Alexandria taken by the Persians — 
 33 taken and the library burnt by the Saracen 
 
 Amrou — 
 
 44 ■ siege of, raised — 
 
 57 battle of, — death of Sir Balph Abercrombie — 
 
 36 Alfonso II. king of Oviedo defeats the Saracens at 
 
 Lodos — 
 
 38 Alfonso III. king of Oviedo defeats the Saracens under 
 
 Mahomed on the Ana — 
 
 42 Alfonso VI. king of Leon takes Toledo from the Saracens 
 44 Alfonso IX. king of Castile defeated by Yacub ben Yussef 
 
 on the plain of Alarcos 
 46 Alfonso X. king of Castile composes his astronomical 
 
 tables about this time 
 38 Alfred, king, establishes a fleet, and defeats Guthrum 
 
 the Dane — 
 
 38 retreats to the isle of Athelney — 
 
 38 repulses Hastings at Exeter — 
 
 57 Algiers bombarded by Sir Edward Pellew — 
 
 28 Allemanni invade Gaul, but are defeated near Chalons 
 
 by Jovinus, general to Valentinian — 
 
 28 defeated by the emperor Gratian near Colmar 
 
 57 Allied sovereigns — Russia, Austria, and Prussia — at the 
 
 court of London — 
 
 37 Almagest of Ptolemy translated into Arabic — 
 
 31 Amalasunta strangled by order of Theodatus — 
 
 55 Almanza, battle of. — lost by the earl of Galway — 
 
 40 Almanzor the Saracen takes Leon by storm, and ravages 
 
 Gallicia — 
 
 52 Alva, duke of, recalled from his sanguinary govern- 
 ment in the Netherlands — 
 43 Amalfi surrenders to the Normans — 
 52 Amboise, conspiracy of, — Coligny and Conde against 
 
 the duke of Guise — 
 
 731 
 
 732 
 
 1189 
 
 1701 
 
 253 
 
 454 
 
 647 
 
 689 
 
 709 
 
 1691 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 1730 
 
 1509 
 1668 
 
 1748 
 633 
 396 
 397 
 398 
 401 
 402 
 
 932 
 
 573 
 
 1578 
 
 638 
 
 615 
 
 640 
 1175 
 1801 
 
 794 
 
 881 
 1084 
 
 — 1195 
 
 — 1253 
 
 877 
 
 878 
 
 894 
 
 1816 
 
 365 
 378 
 
 1814 
 827 
 535 
 
 1707 
 
 990 
 
 1573 
 1131 
 
 1560 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 52 Amboise, edict of,— end of the first religious war in 
 
 France — 1563 
 
 56 American Taxation proposed in parliament — 1764 
 
 56 Stamp act receives the royal assent — 1765 
 
 56 Stamp act repealed — 1766 
 
 56 Congress meets the first time — 1774 
 
 56 Independence declared — 1776 
 
 56 Embassy, — Mr. Adams the first received — 1785 
 
 57 Amiens, peace of — 1802 
 
 37 Amorian war between the emperor Theophilus and the 
 
 Caliph Motasim — 838 
 
 46 Anatolia conquered by the Moguls — 1272 
 
 38 Andernach, battle of, — Charles the Bald defeated by 
 
 Louis of Saxony — 876 
 
 47 Andrew of Hungary assassinated at the instance of Joan 
 
 queen of Naples — 1345 
 
 49 Anjora, battle of, — Bajazet defeated by Tamerlane — 1402 
 
 30 Anthemius the emperor massacred by Ricimer — 472 
 28 Antioch, sedition of, against Theodosius — 387 
 42 besieged and taken by the Crusaders — 1098 
 
 23 Antoninus Pius defeats the Moors, the Germans, and 
 
 the Dacians — 
 
 24 ■ issues a rescript to the proconsul of Asia in 
 
 favour of the Christians — 
 41 Apulia conquered by the Normans from the Greeks — 
 
 31 Aquitaine conquered by the Franks — 
 
 53 Arabella Stuart, Lady, death of — 
 23 Arabia Petraea, conquest of, by Cornelius Palma — 
 33 Arabia, conquest of, by the Mahometans — 
 35 Arabian Caliphat in the zenith of its empire 
 
 seat of, removed by Almansor from Damascus 
 
 to Bagdad - — 
 
 revolt of the Taherites 
 
 revolt of the Edrisites — 
 
 revolt of the Toulonides — 
 
 revolt of the Soffarides — 
 
 revolt of the Samanides — 
 
 revolt of the Hamadanites — 
 
 revolt of the Bowides — 
 
 revolt of the Ikshidites — 
 
 Fallen State of, under the control of the Emirs 
 
 al Omra — 
 
 — terminated by the fall of Bagdad — 
 in Spain, revolt from, and elevation of Abde- 
 
 145 
 
 152 
 
 1043 
 508 
 
 1615 
 105 
 632 
 718 
 
 757 
 813 
 829 
 868 
 872 
 874 
 892 
 933 
 934 
 
 934 
 1258 
 
 991 
 331 
 
 — 1260 
 
 36 
 
 87 
 
 37 
 38 
 
 n 
 m 
 
 88 
 
 88 
 88 
 
 39 
 
 4(5 
 36 
 
 rahman ■ — 755 
 
 40 Arabian figures in arithmetic supposed to be introduced 
 
 into Europe about — 
 
 27 Araric king of the Goths passes the Danube — 
 46 Arbia, battle of, — the Ghibellines enter Florence and 
 
 take the oath to Manfred 
 
 28 Arbogastes assassinates Valentinian II.— Usurpation of 
 
 Eugenius — 392 
 
 28 and Eugenius defeated by Theodosius the Great 394 
 
 54 Argyll, marquis of, beheaded — 1661 
 
 28 Arianism, fall of, in Constantinople — 380 
 38 Arnulph crowned emperor of the West by Pope For- 
 
 mosus — 896 
 
 52 Arques, battle of, — gained by Henry IV. of France — 1589 
 52 Arran, earl of, resigns the regency of Scotland to Mary 
 
 of Guise — 1552 
 
 49 Arras, treaty of,— Burgundy exempted from feudal 
 
 homage — 1435 
 
 50 treaty of, between Louis XL and the archduke 
 
 Maximilian — 1482 
 
 45 Arthur, Prince, nephew of king John, murdered at 
 
 Rouen — 1203 
 
 51 Arthur prince of Wales, death of — 1502 
 28 Athanaric general of Hermanric, conducts the Gothic war 366 
 
 28 death of, at Constantinople . — 381 
 
 42 Ascalon, battle of, — defeat of the sultan of Egypt by 
 
 Godfrey of Bouillon ' — 1099 
 42 Asia Minor finally conquered by the Turks — 1084 
 57 Assassinations at Paris by Kieschi — 1835 
 57 Assye, battle of, — the Mahrattas defeated by major- 
 general Wellesley — 1803 
 
 29 Athaulfus makes peace with the Romans, and marches 
 
 into Gaul — 412 
 
 29 assassinated at Barcelona, — the Goths conquer 
 
 and restore Spain — 415 
 
 24 Atilius Titianus put to death for conspiring to obtain 
 
 the empire — 156 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 55 Atterbury, bishop, banished England — 1723 
 
 29 Attila, son of Mundzuk, succeeds Rugulas, with Bleda 
 his brother — 
 
 29 enters into treaty with the Eastern empire — 
 
 29 ravages all Germany and France — 
 
 30 besieges Orleans — 
 
 30 invades Italy — 
 
 30 grants peace to the Romans — 
 
 30 death of, in Dacia, — Division of his empire — 
 
 21 Augustus accepts the empire, a fourth time, for ten years 
 21 accepts the empire, a fifth time, for ten years 
 
 40 Augsburg, battle of, — by Otho I. over the Hungarians 
 51 diet of, — Disputation of the Protestant and 
 
 Catholic advocates — 
 
 48 Auray, battle of, — Charles de Blois killed — 
 
 26 Aurelian receives the surrender of the Gothic army on 
 
 the Danube — 270 
 
 26 — — assassinated on his march between Byzantium 
 
 and Heraclea 
 
 46 Austrian dynasty commences — 
 
 32 Avari expelled from Thrace by the Roman general 
 
 Priscus — 
 
 41 Aversa in Naples founded by the Normans — 
 
 24 Avidius Cassius, — revolt of — 
 49 Azincourt, battle of, — Charles VI. of France defeated by 
 
 king Henry V. — 
 
 10 Babylon taken by Cyrus, — Belshazzar slain 
 
 18 Baleares subdued by Metellus 
 
 17 Bastamse enter Dardania, and excite the jealousy of 
 
 the Roman senate 
 
 7 Battle of the Trenches gained by the Lacedaemonians 
 
 over the Messenians — 
 
 8 Battus, first establishment of — 
 
 8 second settlement of — 
 
 8 founds Cyrene in Africa — 
 
 19 Belgic war with Rome — 
 14 Bessus taken and delivered to the enemy — 
 
 18 Bestia the consul leads an army into Numidia, but is 
 
 bribed by Jugurtha and desists • — 
 
 3 Bceoti, return to Bceotia — 
 
 17 Boeotian league dissolved — 
 16 Boii subdued by the Romans — 
 
 18 Bomilcar sacrificed by Jugurtha for conspiracy — 
 8 Book of the Law read and the Passover solemnly kept 
 
 by Josiah — 
 
 7 Borysthenes in Pontus founded — 
 
 14 Bovianum taken by the Romans, and Gallus the Sam- 
 
 nite general captured — 
 
 18 Brutus the consul proceeds to Lusitania — 
 
 18 in farther Spain reduces the Bracari and the 
 
 Gallaeci — 
 
 19 Brutus, birth of — 
 
 3 Building of the Temple commenced — 
 
 4 Building of the Temple completed — 
 7 Byzantium founded by a colony of Megarians — 
 
 433 
 446 
 450 
 451 
 452 
 452 
 453 
 3 
 13 
 955 
 
 1530 
 1364 
 
 52 Babington's conspiracy discovered — 
 
 53 Bacon, Sir Francis, made lord chancellor — 
 53 lord, convicted of bribery — 
 
 55 Baden, peace of, between France and the emperor ■ — 
 43 Baldwin king of Jerusalem defeats the Saracens and 
 
 takes Ptolemais — 
 
 53 Bancroft, archbishop, persecutes the Puritans — 
 
 56 Bank of England, restriction on payments in specie — 
 
 47 Bannockburn, battle of, and flight of king Edward II. 
 41 Bar le Due, battle of, by Conrad the Salique over Eudes 
 
 count of Champagne — 
 
 40 Bardas Sclerus defeats the Bulgarians, and terminates 
 
 their empire — 
 
 38 Bari, fortress of, taken after four years' siege by the 
 
 Greeks and Franks under Louis II. — 
 
 50 Barnet, battle of, — Richard earl of Warwick killed — 
 33 Bassora, foundation of — 
 
 41 Battles, five in seven months between Canute and king 
 
 Edmund Ironside 
 
 48 Battle in the Bosphorus between the Venetians and the 
 
 Genoese . — 
 
 48 Battle off Sardinia,— the Genoese defeated by theVenetians 
 
 275 
 1273 
 
 593 
 
 1029 
 
 175 
 
 1415 
 B.C. 
 
 528 
 123 
 
 — 175 
 
 679 
 639 
 637 
 631 
 57 
 330 
 
 111 
 1124 
 172 
 224 
 108 
 
 622 
 654 
 
 305 
 138 
 
 136 
 
 85 
 
 1013 
 
 993 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1586 
 1617 
 1621 
 1714 
 
 1104 
 1608 
 1797 
 1314 
 
 1037 
 
 971 
 
 871 
 
 1471 
 
 636 
 
 N° 
 
 48 Battle off the Morea,— the Venetian fleet destroyed by 
 
 Andrew Doria — 
 
 51 Beaton, cardinal, assassinated at St. Andrew's — 
 
 49 Beauje, battle of, — Thomas duke of Clarence killed — 
 33 Bedhr, battle of, gained by Mahomed over the tribe of 
 
 Koreish — 
 
 22 Bedriacum, battle of, — Otho's army defeated by that of 
 
 Vitellius — 
 
 29 Belgium invaded by the Burgundians — 
 
 57 united to Holland — 
 
 57 revolution in — 
 
 50 Belgrade, siege of, by Mahomet II. — 
 31 Belisarius reduces Carthage 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 
 — 1016 
 
 1352 
 3531 
 
 conquest of Africa by — 
 
 defeats Gelimer and the Vandals — 
 
 defeats the Moors in Africa and subdues Sicily 
 invades Italy and reduces Naples — 
 
 subdues the Gothic kingdom of Italy — 
 
 second command of, in Italy — 
 
 recal of — 
 
 last victory, defeat of Zabergan king of Bulgaria 
 in disgrace — 
 
 restored to his command — 
 
 death of — 
 
 39 Berenger defeats the Huns, who invade Italy — 
 
 39 king of Italy is crowned emperor of the West 
 
 by Pope John X. — 
 
 39 the emperor assassinated at Verona — 
 
 36 Bermudo I. king of Oviedo defeats the Saracens under 
 
 Hashem at Burebo, near Burgos — 
 
 40 Bermudo II. king of Leon defeated by Almanzor on the 
 
 banks of the Ezla — 
 
 40 defeats the Saracens at Osma — 
 
 57 Bernadotte succeeds to the throne of Sweden — 
 
 55 Berry and Orleans, dukes of, renounce succession to the 
 
 crown of Spain — 
 
 57 Berry, duke de, assassinated — 
 
 55 Berwick, mareschal duke of, killed at Philipsburg — 
 54 Bill of Rights enacted — 
 
 56 Birmingham, riots at — 
 
 53 Biron, mareschal, beheaded — 
 
 54 Blake, admiral, destroys the Spanish galleons — 
 
 54 victory at Santa Cruz. — He dies on his return 
 
 29 Bleda murdered, Attila becomes sole king of the Huns 
 
 55 Blenheim, battle of, — Mareschal Tallard taken prisoner 
 
 54 Blood, colonel, attempts to steal the crown — 
 
 50 Bloreheath, battle of. — Lord Audley killed — 
 22 Boadicea, queen of the Iceni, defeated by Suetonius — 
 31 Boethius, death of, at Calvanzano — 
 
 41 Boleslas I. king of Poland, seizes Cracow, and marches 
 
 into Bohemia — 
 
 51 Boleyn, queen Anne, beheaded — 
 29 Boniface, count, invites the Vandals over to Africa — 
 
 29 defeated by the Vandals — 
 
 29 killed in single conflict with j?Etius — 
 
 26 Bonosus and Proculus in Gaul revolt against Probus — 
 38 Boson proclaimed king of Aries at Mantaille — 
 
 56 Boston in America, tumults at — 
 
 56 three cargoes of tea destroyed by the insurgents 
 
 56 ■ evacuated by general Howe — 
 
 50 Bosworth, battle of, — king Richard III. killed — 
 
 55 Bouchain taken by the duke of Marlborough — 
 
 51 Boulogne surrenders to king Henry VIII. — 
 51 restored to France — 
 
 37 Bourdeaux burnt by the Normans — 
 45 Bovines, battle of, — king John defeated by Philip Au- 
 gustus — 
 
 54 Boyne, battle of the — 
 
 56 Braddock, general, defeated and killed near Fort-du- 
 
 Quesne — 
 
 57 Brazil, revolution in, Don Pedro installed emperor — 
 43 Brenville, battle of, — Louis le Gros defeated by king 
 
 Henry I. — 
 
 54 Breda, peace of — 
 
 48 Bretagne, Montfort duke of, delivers Brest to the English 
 50 Bretagne, Francis duke of, refuses to give up the earl of 
 
 Richmond to king Edward 
 48 Bretigny, treaty of, ratified by kings Edward and John 
 
 in person — 
 
 56 Bridport's, lord, victory off L'Orient — 
 
 57 Bristol, desolating riots at — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 446 
 
 937 
 
 1483 
 
 1521 
 
 — 1677 
 
 29 Britons complain to jEtius of the ravages of the Scots 
 
 and Picts — 
 
 39 Brunanburg, battle of, Anlaff defeated by Athelstan — 
 
 50 Buckingham, Stafford duke of, beheaded — 
 
 51 Buckingham, Stafford duke of, beheaded — 
 
 54 Buckingham, Shaftesbury, Salisbury, and Wharton, sent 
 
 to the Tower 
 34 Bulgarians invade Thrace and settle on the banks of 
 
 the Danube — 678 
 
 38 ravage Greece and defeat the Hungarians sent 
 
 against them by Leo VI. — 
 
 41 Bulgaria reduced to a province by the emperor Basil II. 
 45 Bulgarian war, defeat at Adrianople and captivity of 
 
 the emperor Baldwin I. — 
 
 56 Bunker's Hill, battle of — 
 
 56 Burgoyne, general, surrenders at Saratoga — 
 
 28 Burgundians established on the Elbe — 
 
 29 Burgundian kingdom begins under Gundicar — 
 31 Burgundian laws, 'la loy Gombette' published by 
 
 Gondebaud — 
 
 31 Burgundy, conquest of. by the Franks — 
 
 56 Burke, Edmund, his rupture with Mr. Fox in the house 
 
 of Commons — 
 
 55 Byng, Sir George, destroys the French fleet of Passaro 
 
 56 Byng, admiral, indecisive action of — 
 
 57 admiral, shot — 
 
 57 Byron, lord, death of, at Missolonghi — 
 24 Byzantium surrenders after a three years' siege to the 
 
 generals of Septimius Severus — 
 
 13 Cadmea recovered by the Theban exiles — > 
 
 3 Cadmus, to whom the introduction of letters is ascribed 
 19 Caesar conquers Lusitania — 
 
 — declines his triumph that he may obtain the 
 
 consulate 
 
 now consul, carries the Agrarian law 
 
 first campaign in Gaul 
 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 20 
 
 18 Caius Gracchus goes into Sardinia as quaestor to Au- 
 relius 
 
 — passes the Rhine and into Britain — 
 
 — second expedition into Britain — 
 
 — invades the Suevi — 
 
 — eighth and last campaign in Gaul — 
 
 — embarks for Asia — 
 
 — in Spain — 
 
 — pursues Pompey who leaves Italy — 
 
 — is deserted by Labienus — 
 
 — occupies Ariminum — 
 
 — created dictator — 
 
 — arrives in Italy — 
 
 — expedition into Africa — 
 
 — triumphs four times in one month — 
 
 — made dictator for ten years — 
 
 — war in Spain against the sons of Pompey — 
 
 — takes Altegua in Spain — 
 
 — returns to Rome — 
 made dictator for life, is assassinated, March 15 
 
 IS 
 IS 
 IS 
 IS 
 
 18 
 
 unexpectedly appears at Rome 
 
 chosen tribune of the Commons 
 
 chosen tribune a second time 
 
 passes over to the new colony of Carthage. 
 
 1019 
 
 1205 
 
 1775 
 
 1777 
 
 371 
 
 413 
 
 502 
 532 
 
 1791 
 1718 
 1756 
 1757 
 1824 
 
 196 
 
 B. C. 
 
 379 
 
 1313 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 59 
 58 
 55 
 54 
 53 
 51 
 51 
 49 
 49 
 49 
 49 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 46 
 46 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 44 
 
 126 
 124 
 123 
 122 
 
 He loses his third election — 122 
 death of. — The Agrarian law is gradually abro- 
 gated _ 121 
 9 Camarina in Sicily founded by Dascon and Meriecolus 599 
 
 9 taken and destroyed by the Syracusans — 553 
 
 16 Cannae, battle of, — total defeat of the Romans — 216 
 
 16 Caphyae, battle of, — Aratus the Achaean praetor defeated 220 
 
 8 Captivity of the Jews — 606 
 
 16 Capua recovered by the Romans — 211 
 
 7 Camea — contest of the lyre, instituted at Lacedaemon 676 
 12 Carthaginians enter Sicily and destroy Solinus and 
 
 Himera — 409 
 
 15 ■ defeated off Myla by the consul Duilius — 259 
 
 15 under Hanno and Hamilcar defeated by the 
 
 consuls near Ecnomus — 256 
 
 16 . abandon Spain — 206 
 
 8 Casmenae founded by the Syracusans — 644 
 14 Cassander escapes from Macedon to concert measures 
 
 against Polyspherchon — 318 
 
 4 Cassander besieges Olympias at Pydna — 
 
 5 death of — 
 
 8 Cassius the consul slain in Gaul — 
 
 6 Catana in Sicily founded by Euarchus — 
 
 9 Catiline, his defeat and death — 
 
 7 Cato, now consul, tranquillizes Spain — 
 
 7 urges the destruction of Carthage in the Senate 
 
 8 Cato, Porcius, the consul, sent to Macedonia against the 
 
 Scordisci is totally defeated — 
 
 9 the consul slain — 
 
 9 Cato returns from Cyprus 
 
 20 death of — 
 
 7 Celtiberian war conducted unsuccessfully by Nobilior 
 
 7 war is unpopular at Rome — 
 
 2 Censorship instituted at Rome — 
 
 6 Centumvirs instituted at Rome — 
 4 Chaeronea, battle of, gained by Philip of Macedon — 
 
 7 Chalcedon in Bithynia refounded by Archias of Megara 
 9 Cicero denounces Catiline — 
 
 9 in banishment — 
 
 9 return of — 
 
 8 Cimmerians take Sardis — 
 
 8 1 finally expelled Asia Minor by Alyattes — 
 
 1 Cimon marches to the assistance of the Lacedaemonians 
 
 1 assists the Lacedaemonians a second time — 
 
 1 recalled from exile — 
 
 1 obtains a cessation of hostilities — 
 
 2 makes a five years' truce with the Lacedae- 
 
 monians — 
 
 death of, and victory of the Athenians at Sala- 
 
 mis in Cyprus 
 
 1 Cincinnatus, dictatorship of 
 
 9 Cinna deposed from the consulate by the Senate — 
 
 9 and Octavius, — Contest of the consuls — 
 
 9 assassinated — 
 
 9 Cirrhsean or sacred war — 
 
 9 Cirrha taken by the Amphictyons under Eurylochus — 
 
 6 Claudius Pulcher defeated off Drepanum by Adherbal 
 
 7 Claudius the consul ends the war in Istria — 
 3 Cleombrotus marches into Bceotia in the winter — 
 3 sent by the Spartans against the Thebans in 
 
 Phocis — 
 
 6 Cleomenes and Aratus, war between — 
 
 6 restores the Agrarian laws of Sparta — 
 
 2 Cleon and Brasidas slain in Thrace — 
 9 Clisthenes of Sicyon is victor in the second Pythia — 
 9 Clodius, violent proceedings of, and resistance of Milo 
 
 3 Cnidus, naval defeat at, and death of Pisander — 
 3 Codrus, king of Athens, death of — 
 
 8 Combat of Pittacus and Phrynon — 
 
 1 Commissioners sent to Greece to collect laws for Rome 
 3 Conon restores the long walls of Athens — 
 
 20 Contest of Octavianus with Lucius Antony at Perusia 
 
 6 Corcyra founded — 
 
 2 sedition at — 
 
 2 Corcyrean embassy to Athens — 
 
 7 Cornelius Scipio, death of — 
 
 3 Corinth, battle near — 
 
 2 Coronea, battle of, death of Tolmides — 
 
 3 Coronea, battle of, gained by Agesilaus — 
 
 7 Corsica, war in — 
 
 4 Cranon, battle of, gained by Antipater — 
 
 8 Crassus the consul, sent against Aristonicus at Per- 
 
 gamus — 
 
 8 defeated and slain — 
 
 9 Crassus ends the war with Spartacus — 
 
 9 embarks for Syria — 
 
 9 first campaign in Asia — 
 
 9 passes the Euphrates — 
 
 9 defeated and slain by the Parthians — 
 
 4 Craterus comes from Asia to the aid of Antipater — 
 9 Cretan war — 
 
 2 Critias, death of, end of the tyranny at Athens — 
 
 9 Croesus, birth of — 
 
 6 Crotona founded by Myscellus — 
 
 2 Cunaxa, battle of, retreat of the Ten Thousand — 
 
 3 Cyme founded — 
 
 7 Cynoscephalae, battle of, — Peace granted to Philip of 
 
 Macedon — 
 
 9 Cypselidae at Corinth, their dynasty ended — 
 
 9 Cyrene in Africa founded, according to Solinus — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 316 
 296 
 107 
 730 
 62 
 195 
 157 
 
 114 
 
 89 
 
 56 
 
 46 
 
 153 
 
 151 
 
 440 
 
 233 
 
 338 
 
 674 
 
 63 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 635 
 
 617 
 
 461 
 
 461 
 
 456 
 
 453 
 
 450 
 
 449 
 
 456 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 84 
 
 595 
 
 591 
 
 249 
 
 177 
 
 378 
 
 375 
 227 
 224 
 422 
 582 
 
 57 
 394 
 1045 
 606 
 451 
 393 
 
 41 
 708 
 427 
 433 
 176 
 394 
 447 
 394 
 163 
 322 
 
 131 
 
 130 
 
 71 
 
 55 
 
 54 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 322 
 
 69 
 
 403 
 
 595 
 
 710 
 
 401 
 
 1033 
 
 197 
 581 
 597 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 9 Cyrus reigns in Persia — 
 
 10 issues his edict for the return of the Jews — 
 
 12 Cythera occupied by the Athenians — 
 
 5 Cyzicus in the Propontis, settlement of, by the Milesians 
 7 Cyzicus in Mysia refounded by the Megarians — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 559 
 536 
 424 
 756 
 675 
 
 A.D. 
 
 Eudes 
 
 strongly urged by Gregory III. who is besieged 
 by Luitprand, for assistance — 
 
 dies, Oct. 23.— Pope Gregory on Nov. 28 — 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 Charlemagne, birth of 
 
 36 becomes sole king of France 
 
 36 conquers Tasillon duke of Bavaria — Bavaria 
 
 united to the empire — 
 
 36 crowned emperor of the West — 
 
 37 finally subdues the Saxons — 
 
 3S Charles le Gros seizes the throne of France to the pre- 
 judice of Charles the Simple — 
 
 38 Charles the Simple crowned, but is next year obliged by 
 
 Eudes to retire — 
 
 38 is recognised as king of France on the death 
 
 of Eudes — 
 
 1670 
 1839 
 1841 
 636 
 1596 
 1823 
 
 670 
 1558 
 1596 
 1756 
 1757 
 
 54 Cabal formed — Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ash- 
 ley, and Lauderdale — 
 57 Cabul, Shah Soojah restored at — 
 57 rising at, and murder of Sir A Burnes — 
 
 33 Cadesia, battle of, — the Persians defeated by the Saracens 
 52 Cadiz taken by the earl of Essex — 
 57 surrendered to the French — 
 
 34 Cairon. the seat of the Caliphat in Africa, founded by 
 
 the Saracen Akbah — 
 
 52 Calais taken by Francis duke of Guise — 
 
 52 taken by the archduke Albert — 
 
 56 Calcutta taken by Surajah Dowla — 
 
 56 retaken by the English — 
 
 51 Cambray, league of, signed by Margaret of Austria and 
 
 Cardinal d'Amboise — 1508 
 
 51 • peace of, signed by the duchess of Angouleme 
 
 and Margaret of Austria — 1529 
 
 46 Cambuskenneth, battle of, — the English driven by Wal- 
 lace out of Scotland — 
 
 56 Canada divided into two provinces with local legislatures 
 
 57 rebellion in — 
 
 21 Canal formed between the Rhine and the Maes — 
 
 50 Canglor. battle of, — James III. king of Scotland killed 
 41 Canute king of Denmark invades England — 
 
 56 Cape Breton taken by general Amherst — 
 
 22 Capitoline games instituted at Rome — 
 22 Caractacus carried in chains before the tribunal of Clau- 
 dius — 
 
 26 Carausius in Britain, revolt of,— He seizes the fleet at 
 Boulogne — 
 
 26 is acknowledged by the other emperors — 
 
 26 murdered by his minister Allectus — 
 
 26 Career of the thirty tyrants begins — 
 
 26 Carinus and Numerian, transient reign of — 
 
 40 Carlovingian dynasty terminated in France by the death 
 
 of Louis le Faineant — 
 
 38 Carmathians, their rise and progress — 
 
 53 Carr, Robert, advanced at Court — 
 53 earl of Somerset and his countess condemned, 
 
 but reprieved — 
 
 29 Carthage surrenders to Genseric, and the kingdom of 
 
 the Vandals in Africa begins — 
 
 34 1 conquest of, by the Saracen Hassan — 
 
 41 Castile and Arragon established as kingdoms on the 
 
 death of Sancho the Great — 
 
 57 Catholic question introduced by Mr. Fox — 
 
 57 lost in the Commons by the Speaker's vote — 
 
 57 Catholic Emancipation, royal assent to — 
 
 57 Cato-street conspiracy detected — 
 
 51 Cerignola, battle of, — Duke de Nemours defeated by 
 
 Gonsalvo, general to Ferdinand — 
 
 51 Cerisolles, battle of, — gained by the count d'Anguin 
 
 over the imperial army — 
 
 30 Chalons, battle of, gained by jEtius, — retreat of Attila 
 
 31 Charford, battle of, — establishment of Cerdic in Wessex 
 
 35 Charles Martel victorious over the Suevi, the Frisons, 
 
 the Allemanni, and the Saxons — 
 
 35 — — becomes master of Aquitaine on the death of 
 
 1297 
 1791 
 1837 
 
 47 
 1488 
 1015 
 1758 
 
 86 
 
 51 
 
 287 
 289 
 294 
 258 
 284 
 
 987 
 
 890 
 
 1611 
 
 1616 
 
 439 
 698 
 
 1035 
 1805 
 1813 
 1829 
 1820 
 
 1503 
 
 1544 
 451 
 519 
 
 725 
 
 735 
 
 741 
 741 
 742 
 771 
 
 786 
 800 
 803 
 
 884 
 
 893 
 
 898 
 
 N° 
 
 39 Charles the Simple dies a prisoner in the castle of 
 
 Perronne — 
 
 46 Charles of Anjou defeated at sea by Roger de Loria — 
 
 50 Charles the Bold duke of Burgundy marries Margaret, 
 
 sister to king Edward IV. — 
 
 50 defeated by the Swiss at Granson and at Morat 
 
 50 killed before Nancy — 
 
 50 Charles VIII. of France takes Naples without a battle 
 
 52 Charles V. abdicates the crown of Spain — 
 
 53 Charles I. king of England meets his first parliament - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 53 - 
 
 meets his second parliament 
 
 meets his third parliament 
 
 meets his fourth parliament — 
 
 meets his fifth, the Long parliament — 
 
 demands the five members — 
 
 surrenders to the Scots at Newark — 
 
 delivered by the Scots to the parliamentary 
 
 commissioners — 
 
 beheaded — 
 
 53 - 
 
 54 Charles II. king of England restored 
 
 54 pensionedby Louis XIV., withdraws to Windsor 
 
 55 Charles III. of Spain arrives at Spithead — 
 
 55 succeeds to the empire as Charles VI. — 
 
 55 Charles VI. the emperor dies. — The Pragmatic Sanction 
 
 violated by all but England — 
 
 55 Charles XII. killed at Frederickshal — 
 
 52 Chateau Cambresis, peace of, opposed by the Guises — 
 
 56 Chatham's, lord, last address to the Lords — 
 56 Chauvelin, M., the French ambassador, ordered to leave 
 
 England — ■ 
 
 56 Cherbourg pier destroyed by the English — 
 32 Childebert, death of,— first example of the Salic law — 
 
 57 China, war with — 
 21 Christ visits the Temple — 
 
 31 Christian era introduced circa 
 35 adopted by historians circa 
 
 32 Christianity introduced into Britain by St. Augustine — 
 
 55 Christianity decided by L. C. J. Raymond, in Woolston's 
 
 case, to be the law of England _ — 
 
 44 Circuits and itinerant judges, or 'barons errant,' insti- 
 tuted — 
 
 53 Circulation of the blood discovered by Dr. William 
 
 Harvey — 
 
 42 Civitella, battle of,— Pope Leo IX. taken prisoner by 
 
 Robert Guiscard — 
 
 54 Clarendon, lord, resigns the great seal — 
 
 26 Claudius defeats the Goths near Naissus in Dardania — 
 24 Cleander, sedition and death of — 
 54 Clergy in convocation exchange the right of taxing 
 
 themselves for the elective franchise — 
 
 56 Closter-Seven, convention of,— capitulation of the duke 
 
 of Cumberland ■ — 
 
 49 Cobham, lord, suffers for heresy — 
 
 31 Colchian or Lazic war — 
 
 57 Colli ngwood, admiral receives the surrender of five 
 
 ships at Cadiz — 
 
 21 Cologne founded by Agrippina — 
 34 Colossus of Rhodes destroyed by the Saracens — 
 
 22 Commagene subdued, and becomes a Roman province 
 22 Conflagration of Rome under Nero 
 
 54 Conflict of four days with the Dutch fleet.— Their fleet 
 
 destroyed by Rupert and Monk 
 57 Congress of sovereigns at Aix-la-Chapelle — 
 
 27 Constantine the Great elected emperor by the army — 
 27 gains three victories over Maxentius at Turin, 
 
 Verona, and at Rome — 
 
 defeats Licinius at Cibalis and Mardis — 
 
 — wrests Illyrium from Licinius — 
 
 enjoins, by edict, the observance of Sunday, 
 
 27 
 27 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 ■11 
 
 'dies solis' 
 
 defeats Licinius before Adrianople — 
 
 issues a general Edict of Toleration — 
 
 puts the Caesars, Crispus, and Licinius to 
 
 death 
 
 27 destroys the Pagan temples — 
 
 27 baptism and death of,— Division of the empire 
 
 27 Constantine II. betrayed by Magnentius into an ambus- 
 cade and slain ' — 
 29 Constantine, a private soldier, acknowledged emperor 
 in Britain and in Gaul — 
 33 Constantine III. poisoned by his step-mother Martina 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 34 Constantine IV. Pogonatus, relinquishes the payments 
 
 usual on the election of the Popes, but reserves the 
 
 right of confirming their election 
 
 39 Constantine VII. restored.— The emperors Stephen and 
 
 Constantine VIII. exiled _ — 
 
 40 poisoned by his daughter-in-law Theophania 
 
 26 Constantius Chlorus and Galerius Maximus made 
 
 Caesars — 
 
 26 Constantius Chlorus recovers Britain — 
 
 27 Constantius the younger repulses the Goths in Mysia — 
 
 28 Constantius II. subdues Italy — 
 27 Constans the emperor murdered by Magnentius — 
 34 Constans II. assassinated in a bath at Syracuse 
 
 27 Constantinople, foundation of 
 27 - 
 
 30 — 
 
 31 — 
 33 — 
 33 — 
 
 Avars 
 
 becomes the seat of the empire — 
 
 partly destroyed by an earthquake — 
 
 besieged by Vitalianus the Goth — 
 
 taken and pillaged by the Avari — 
 
 delivered from Khosrou and the Chagan of the 
 
 first siege of, by the Saracens — 
 
 relinquished by the Saracens, who are repulsed 
 
 A.D. 
 
 — 6S2 
 
 945 
 959 
 292 
 292 
 296 
 332 
 352 
 350 
 668 
 324 
 328 
 480 
 514 
 618 
 
 by the Greek fire 
 
 second siege of 
 
 siege of, raised by Moslemah 
 
 besieged by Thomas the slave 
 
 first siege and conquest of, — Restoration of 
 
 Isaac Angelus and Alexius 
 
 second siege — election of Baldwin and revolt of 
 
 the Greeks 
 
 — i — taken by Mahomed II. — 
 
 recovered by the Greeks. — Lascaris banished 
 
 the second, under Conrad III. and Louis VII. 
 the third, by sea under Frederic Barbarossa — 
 the third ' — 
 
 the fourth, under Henry Dandolo — 
 
 the fifth, under Louis IX. — 
 
 24 Ctesiphon taken by assault by Septimius Severus — 
 55 Culloden, battle of, — defeat of the Young Pretender • — 
 33 Cyprus taken by the Saracens under Muavius — 
 
 50 recently a kingdom ceded to Venice — 
 
 626 
 668 
 
 677 
 716 
 718 
 822 
 
 — 1203 
 
 1204 
 1452 
 
 1261 
 
 998 
 
 1687 
 
 1801 
 
 — 1807 
 
 34 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 37 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 50 - 
 
 46 - 
 by Paleologus 
 
 40 Consul Crescentius, revolt and fall of 
 
 54 Contest of king James II. with the two Universities — 
 
 57 Copenhagen, attack on, by admirals Parker and Nelson 
 
 57 bombardment of, — the Danish navy captured by 
 
 admiral Gambier 
 56 Cornwallis, lord, enters Philadelphia, — the Congress re- 
 move to Lancaster — 1777 
 
 56 surrenders York town to general Washington 1781 
 
 49 Cosmo de Medici recalled to Florence — 1434 
 
 57 Cotton, admiral, receives the surrender of the Russian 
 
 fleet in the Tagus — 1808 
 
 28 Council of Aries — 353 
 
 28 Council of Rimini — 360 
 
 44 Council of Clarendon, — Becket signs but refuses to seal 1164 
 
 49 Council of Pisa — 1409 
 
 47 Council of Ten instituted at Venice — 1311 
 
 52 Coutras, battle of, — duke de Joyeuse defeated by the 
 
 king of Navarre — 1587 
 
 51 Coverdale's, bishop, translation of the Bible published 1535 
 57 Cracow, independence of, invaded by Russia and Austria 1836 
 47 Creci, battle of,— defeat of Philip of Valois — 1346 
 22 Cremona surrenders to the army of Vespasian — 69 
 51 Cressy, treaty of, between Charles V. and Francis I. — 1544 
 37 Crete taken by the Saracen Abu Caul of Andalusia, from 
 
 whom it receives the name of Candia — 823 
 
 49 Crevant, battle of,— the French defeated by the Earl of 
 
 Salisbury . — 
 
 32 Crida founds the kingdom of Mercia — 
 
 51 Cromwell earl of Essex beheaded — 
 
 53 Cromwell. Oliver, embarks for America, but is detained 
 
 54 dissolves the long parliament — 
 
 54 proclaimed Lord Protector — 
 
 54 refused the hereditary protectorate — 
 
 54 declines the regal title — 
 
 54 death of — 
 
 21 Crucifixion of our Saviour — 
 
 42 Crusade, the first, instigated bv Peter the Hermit — 
 
 43 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 4.5 
 
 45 
 
 1423 
 586 
 1540 
 1636 
 1653 
 1653 
 1654 
 1657 
 1658 
 33 
 1096 
 1147 
 1188 
 1189 
 1202 
 1248 
 198 
 1746 
 648 
 1489 
 
 5 Daicles crowned at the Olympic games, the first who had 
 
 that honour — 
 
 17 Dalmatian war under the consul Marcius — 
 
 17 terminated — 
 
 18 Dalmatia subdued by Caecilius Metellus — 
 14 Damascus taken by Parmenio — 
 
 3 Danaiis in Argos, — Gelanor displaced by Danaiis — 
 3 Dardanus the founder of the Trojan dynasty — 
 
 14 Darius Codomanus slain — 
 
 12 Decemvirate at Rome, institution of — 
 
 12 overthrown — 
 
 12 Delium, battle of, gained by the Boeotians over the 
 
 Athen'ans — 
 
 10 Delphi, temple of, accidentally burnt — 
 
 13 congress at, on the part of Persia, to negotiate 
 
 a peace — 
 
 14 Demetrius Phalereus governs Athens ten years — 
 14 Demetrius Poliorcetes defeated at Gaza by Ptolemy and 
 
 Seleucus — 
 
 14 approaches the Piraeus at Athens — 
 
 14 ■ besieges Munychia and occupies Megara — 
 
 14 gains a naval victory over Ptolemy — 
 
 14 besieges Rhodes — 
 
 14 concludes a peace with the Rhodians — 
 
 14 sails to Greece to oppose Cassander — 
 
 14 makes a campaign against Cassander — 
 
 15 besieges Athens during the tyranny of Lachares 
 
 15 having removed the sons of Cassander, reigns 
 
 in Macedon — 
 
 15 is driven by Pyrrhus from Macedon — 
 
 15 death of — 
 
 16 Demetrius Pharius flies for protection to Philip king of 
 
 Macedon — 
 
 17 Demetrius of Macedon sent by his father, kitig Philip, 
 
 to Rome to conciliate the members of the senate — 
 
 17 pleads for his father king Philip before the 
 
 Roman Seriate — 
 
 17 put to death by his father king Pbilip — 
 
 17 Demetrius Soter is refused his release at Rome to de- 
 throne his nephew Antiochus Epiphanes — 
 escapes from Rome by the connivance of the 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 tutor to death 
 
 14 Demosthenes, decree of, for an alliance with Thebes — 
 14 counteracts Philip in Ambracia and Pelopon- 
 
 historian Polybius 
 
 dethrones Eupator, and puts the king and his 
 
 B.C. 
 
 752 
 156 
 157 
 117 
 333 
 1466 
 1383 
 330 
 449 
 446 
 
 424 
 
 548 
 
 368 
 317 
 
 312 
 
 307 
 307 
 306 
 304 
 303 
 303 
 302 
 299 
 
 294 
 287 
 283 
 
 219 
 
 184 
 
 183 
 181 
 
 163 
 
 162 
 
 162 
 
 338 
 
 — 343 
 
 13 Dercyllidas makes a truce with Pharnabazus and be- 
 sieges Atarnae — 
 
 13 invades Caria, and concludes an armistice with 
 
 Tissaphernes — 
 
 3 Deucalion, the reputed founder of the Hellenes — 
 
 3 flood of — 
 
 18 Diaeus defeated by Mummius. — Corinth reduced to ashes 
 13 Dion lands in Sicily from Zacynthus — 
 
 12 Dionysius becomes master of Syracuse — 
 
 13 Dionysius the younger expelled from Syracuse — 
 13 Diphridas restores the Lacedaemonian affairs in Asia — 
 16 Divorce of Spurius Carvilius — 
 
 19 Dolabella conquers Lusitania — 
 8 Draco, legislation of — 
 
 33 Damascus taken by storm by the Saracens — 
 
 43 besieged by the Christians under Baldwin IV. 
 
 38 Danes, the, ascend the Seine, the Meuse, and the Rhine, 
 
 and carry on their ravages to Treves and Cologne — 
 47 Dante Alighieri exiled from Florence with the Bianchi 
 
 faction — 
 
 52 Darnley, lord, murder of — 
 
 46 David prince of Wales captured. — Wales united to 
 
 England — 
 
 26 Decius revives the censorship in favour of Valerian — 
 55 Denain taken by Mareschal Villars, — the earl of Alber- 
 
 marle defeated — 
 
 55 Dendermond surrenders to the duke of Marlborough — 
 
 56 Denmark, revolution in, Counts Struenzee and Brandt 
 
 beheaded — 
 
 55 Derwentwater, earl of, and Viscount Kenmure beheaded 
 36 Desiderius, king of Lombardy, besieges Adrian I. in 
 
 Rome who applies for assistance to Charlemagne — 
 
 398 
 
 397 
 
 1433 
 
 1433 
 
 146 
 
 357 
 
 406 
 
 356 
 
 391 
 
 231 
 
 99 
 
 621 
 
 A. D. 
 
 634 
 1148 
 
 851 
 
 1301 
 1567 
 
 1283 
 251 
 
 1712 
 1706 
 
 1772 
 1716 
 
 773 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 36 Desiderius, king of Lombardy, conquered by Charle- 
 
 magne — 774 
 
 47 Despensers, the, father and son executed — 1326 
 
 55 Dettingen, battle of, gained over the French by king 
 
 George II. — 1743 
 
 37 Diet of Thionville, — Division of the empire of the West 806 
 37 Diet of Worms, — Second division of the empire — 839 
 37 Diet of Thionville, — Final division of the empire — Ger- 
 many separated from the empire of the Franks — 843 
 
 44 Diet of Mentz ; definition of the electoral function in 
 
 Germany, of the duke of Saxony, Count Palatine of 
 
 the Rhine, king of Bohemia, and the Margrave of 
 
 Brandenburg — 
 
 26 Diocletian, military election of the emperor — 
 
 26 associates Maximian as his colleague in the 
 
 27 
 
 empire 
 
 and Maximian abdicate the empire, and are 
 
 succeeded by Constantius and Galerius 
 
 51 Dissolution of the greater monasteries — 
 54 Dispensing power assumed by king James II. and 
 
 affirmed by the judges — 
 
 28 Division of the Eastern and Western empire — 
 
 50 Dixmunde, battle of, — De Cordes defeated by lords 
 
 Morley and Daubeney — 
 
 21 Dolabella ends the war in Africa — 
 
 42 Doomesday Book began — 
 
 42 completed — 
 
 42 Dorylaeum, battle of, — retreat of Soliman before the 
 
 Crusaders — 
 
 53 Dort, synod of — 
 
 57 Dost Mahomed and the Persians besiege Herat — 
 
 57 defeated by the British forces in Afghanistan 
 
 44 Double election to the Pontificate — 
 
 52 Dreux, battle of,— Coligny defeated by Guise — 
 
 56 Droit d'Aubaine abolished in France as regards Great 
 
 Britain — 
 
 57 against England, re-enacted by Napoleon — 
 
 57 finally abolished in France — 
 
 56 Dublin, great political excitement in — 
 
 57 — catholic committee dispersed by the magistracy 
 
 6 Eclipse of the moon, the first on record 
 
 6 the second and third on record 
 
 8 the fourth on record 
 
 10 . the fifth on record 
 
 10 the sixth on record 
 
 11 the seventh on record 
 
 11 Egina surrenders to the Athenians 
 
 10 Egypt, conquest of, by Cambyses 
 
 11 revolts from Persia 
 
 1 1 recovered by Xerxes 
 
 11 reduced by the Persians 
 
 14 conquered by Ochus 
 
 4 Elijah, translation of 
 13 Embassy of Pelopidas to Persia 
 14 
 16 
 IS 
 16 
 17 
 17 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 to Persia at the instance of Demosthenes — 
 
 — to Pyrrhus from the Italian Greeks — 
 
 from Ptolemy Philadelphus to Rome — 
 
 from Rome to Greece — 
 
 to Rome from Antiochus fails — 
 
 from Athens to Rome, the Romans remit a 
 
 fine of 500 talents ■ — 
 
 to Rome in behalf of the Achasan exiles — 
 
 of Scipio Africanus to Egypt, accompanied by 
 
 1184 
 284 
 
 286 
 
 305 
 1537 
 
 1686 
 364 
 
 1490 
 
 24 
 
 1083 
 
 1086 
 
 1097 
 1618 
 1838 
 1840 
 1J59 
 1562 
 
 1787 
 1804 
 1819 
 1784 
 1811 
 
 49 Duke of Orleans assassinated at the instance of the duke 
 
 of Burgundy — 1407 
 
 49 Duke of Burgundy assassinated while in conference 
 
 with the Dauphin — 1419 
 
 53 Dunbar, battle of, gained by Cromwell — 1650 
 56 Duncan's, lord, victory off Camperdown — 1797 
 
 54 Dunkirk, keys of, delivered by Louis XIV. in person to 
 
 the English ambassador — 1658 
 
 54 sold to France — 1662 
 
 42 Durazzo, battle of, — the emperor Alexius defeated by 
 
 Robert Guiscard — 1081 
 
 54 Dutch sail up the Medway, and burn several ships of 
 
 the line — 1667 
 
 25 Dynasty of the Arsacidae terminated. Commencement 
 
 of the Sassanidae — 229 
 
 B.C. 
 
 721 
 720 
 621 
 523 
 502 
 491 
 455 
 525 
 486 
 484 
 455 
 350 
 895 
 367 
 340 
 281 
 273 
 228 
 193 
 
 155 
 155 
 
 Pansetius 
 
 — 143 
 
 N° 
 
 18 Embassy sent to Numidia to restore Adherbal — 
 
 7 Enna in Attica founded — 
 
 8 Epidamnus on the Adriatic founded — 
 13 Epaminomlas makes an expedition into Achaia — 
 
 13 invades the Peloponnesus — 
 
 3 Erectheus king of Athens • — 
 
 12 Eruption of mount Etna — 
 
 14 Etolian war — 
 
 16 confederacy with the Romans against Philip of 
 
 Macedon — 
 
 14 Etruscan war with the Romans — 
 14 Eumenes gains a battle against Craterus, who is slain 
 
 14 retires to Nora — 
 
 17 and the ten legati join Manlius, and the treaty 
 
 with Antiochus is completed — 
 
 17 and Prusias are at war — 
 
 17 excites the Roman senate against Persius — 
 
 11 Eurymedon, victories of Cimon at the — 
 
 12 sent with supplies from Athens to Sicily — 
 
 3 Eurystheus slain by Hyllus — 
 
 13 Evagoras in Cyprus pressed by the Persians — 
 11 Ezra returns from Babylon to Jerusalem — 
 
 44 Earl Strongbow and his companions land in Ireland — 
 
 31 Earthquake at Antioch, 25,000 lives lost — 
 
 52 East India Company obtain their first patent — 
 57 Ebrington, lord, publicly protests against repeal agitation 
 
 53 Edgehill, battle of, gained by the parliamentarians — 
 42 Edgar Atheling retires to the court of Malcolm Canmore 
 50 Edgecote, battle of, — Earl of Pembroke defeated and 
 
 beheaded — 
 
 27 Edict by Constantine at Milan in favour of the Christians 
 53 Edinburgh, tumult at, on reading the liturgy — 
 
 42 Edward the Confessor receives a visit from William 
 
 duke of Normandy — 
 
 46 Edward, prince, sails for Palestine with Louis IX. who 
 
 dies at Tunis — 
 
 46 ■ relieves Acre, — he is wounded by an assassin, 
 
 whom he fells — 
 
 47 Edward Bruce crowned king of Ireland — 
 
 47 defeated and slain at Duudalk — 
 
 47 Edward Baliol crowned at Scone, but is soon defeated 
 
 by the earl of Moray — 
 
 42 Edwin and Morcar rebel against king William I. but 
 
 submit — 
 
 37 Egbert defeats the Danes at Charmouth — 
 
 33 Egypt, invasion of, by the Saracens — 
 
 44 conquered by the Turks — 
 
 56 Elba surrendered to commodore Nelson — 
 
 52 Elizabeth, queen, declines the sovereignty of the Dutch 
 
 provinces — 
 
 32 Ella founds the kingdom of Deira — 
 22 Embassy from Volgeses king of Parthia to the emperor 
 
 Nero — 
 
 32 of the Avars to Justinian — 
 
 32 — of the Avars to Justin II. — 
 
 37 from Haroun al Raschid to Charlemagne — 
 
 37 • second, from Haroun to Charlemagne < — 
 
 29 Emigration of the Northern Germans — 
 39 Empire of the East. — The Imperial throne occupied by 
 
 five emperors at one time — 
 
 53 Episcopacy opposed in the Scottish parliament — 
 
 53 abolished in Scotland — 
 
 54 restored in Scotland — 
 
 31 Erchenwin founds the kingdom of Essex — 
 50 Erpingham, battle of, — Sir Robert Welles defeated and 
 
 beheaded 
 
 57 Espartero declared regent in Spain — 
 53 Essex, Robert earl of, beheaded — 
 
 32 Ethelbert king of Kent baptised by St. Augustine — 
 
 36 Ethelbert king of East Anglia murdered by Offa king 
 
 of Mercia ■ — 
 
 37 Ethelwulf defeated by the Danes off" Charmouth — 
 
 55 Eugene, prince, separates from the duke of Ormond — 
 
 30 Euric king of the Visigoths defeated in Gaul by the 
 
 Romans under Ecdicius — 
 
 30 - defeats Syagrius, and makes himself master of 
 
 Tours 
 
 30 
 
 makes himself master of Aries and Marseilles 
 
 46 Evesham, battle of, — Montfort earl of Leicester killed 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL 
 
 EVENTS 
 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N° 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 54 Exchequer shut up by royal mandate — 
 
 1672 
 
 15 
 
 Gladiators first exhibit at Rome — 
 
 264 
 
 55 Excise scheme introduced by Sir Robert Walpole — 
 
 1733 
 
 14 Granicus, battle of, gained by Alexander 
 
 334 
 
 54 Exclusion bill thrown out — 
 
 1680 
 
 11 
 
 Greece and Persia, end of the war between — 
 
 466 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 17 
 
 Greece declared free by Flamininus at the Isthmian 
 games — 
 
 196 
 
 
 11 Fabii, the, put to the sword by the Veientes at the 
 
 
 12 
 
 Gylippus arrives in Sicily from Sparta — 
 
 414 
 
 Crimera — 
 
 475 
 
 7 
 
 Gymnopaedia celebrated at Lacedaemon — 
 
 665 
 
 16 Fabius Maximus subdues the Ligurians — 
 
 233 
 214 
 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 
 16 recovers Tarentum — 
 
 209 
 
 28 
 
 Gainas the Goth, conspiracy and fall of — 
 
 400 
 
 18 defeats the Allobroges — 
 
 121 
 
 26 
 
 Galerius Maximus and Constantius Chlorus made Caesars 
 
 292 
 
 18 Fabius iEmilianus the consul commands in Spain against 
 
 
 26 
 
 defeated by the Persians on the Euphrates — 
 
 296 
 
 Viriathus — 
 
 145 
 
 26 
 
 defeats Narses king of Persia in Armenia — 
 
 297 
 
 12 Fidenae finally taken by the Romans — 
 
 423 
 
 26 Gallus the emperor purchases peace by an annual tribute 
 
 
 12 Fifty years' truce, 'the Peace of Nicias' — 
 
 421 
 
 
 to the Goths — 
 
 252 
 
 16 Flaminius, his agrarian law — 
 
 232 
 
 23 
 
 Gallus, nephew of Constantine, declared Caesar — 
 
 351 
 
 16 the consul gains a victory over the Insubres — 
 
 223 
 
 28 
 
 puts the Imperial ministers to death at Antioch 
 
 354 
 
 17 Flamininus besieges Elatea; he forms an alliance with 
 
 
 28 
 
 put to death by his cousin Constantius — 
 
 354 
 
 the Achaeans — 
 
 198 
 
 32 
 
 Gascons, the, cross the Pyrennees and settle in France 
 
 593 
 
 17 restores the jEtolian cities, Corinth, Chalcis, 
 
 
 56 
 
 Gates, general, defeated by lord Cornwallis — 
 
 1780 
 
 and Demetrias — 
 
 194 
 
 35 
 
 Gebel al Tarik lands at Gibraltar — 
 
 711 
 
 18 Fulvius the consul is sent to the servile war in Sicily 
 
 134 
 
 30 Gelasius bishop of Rome asserts his authority as sove- 
 
 
 18 the consul leads an army against the Salluvian 
 
 
 
 reign pontiff — 
 
 494 
 
 Gauls — 
 
 125 
 
 52 Gemblours, battle of, — gained by Alexander Farnese 
 
 
 
 A.D. 
 
 
 over the States General — 
 
 1578 
 
 
 27 lieneral Council, 
 
 325 
 
 46 Falkirk, battle of, — Wallace defeated by king Edward 
 
 1298 
 
 28 
 
 the Ilnd, — of Constantinople — 
 
 381 
 
 54 Fenwick, Sir John, suffers by a bill of pains and penalties 
 
 1696 
 
 29 
 
 the Illrd, — of Ephesus — 
 
 431 
 
 32 Fiefs have their origin about this time in France — 
 
 584 
 
 30 
 
 the IVth,— of Chalcedon — 
 
 451 
 
 28 Firmus the Moor in Africa, revolt of — 
 
 372 
 
 32 
 
 the Vth, — of Constantinople — 
 
 553 
 
 47 First passage of the Turks into Europe — 
 
 1341 
 
 34 
 
 the Vlth, — of Constantinople — 
 
 680 
 
 51 Fisher, bishop, beheaded — 
 
 1535 
 
 36 
 
 the Vllth,— of Nice — 
 
 787 
 
 56 Fitzwilliam, earl, recalled from Ireland — 
 
 1795 
 
 38 
 
 the VHIth, — of Constantinople — 
 
 869 
 
 51 Floddon, battle of, — king James IV. of Scotland killed 
 
 1513 
 
 43 
 
 the IXth, — of the Lateran — 
 
 1123 
 
 45 Florence declares its independence — 
 
 1250 
 
 43 
 
 the Xth, — of the Lateran — 
 
 1139 
 
 56 Foutainbleau, peace of — 
 
 1762 
 
 44 
 
 the Xlth, — of the Lateran — 
 
 1179 
 
 37 Fontenai, battle of,— Lothaire and Pepin defeated by 
 
 
 45 
 
 the Xllth,— of the Lateran — 
 
 1215 
 
 Louis and Charles — 
 
 841 
 
 45 
 
 the XHIth,— of Lyons — 
 
 1245 
 
 55 Fontenoy, battle of,— lost by the duke of Cumberland 
 
 1745 
 
 46 
 
 the XlVth,— of Lyons — 
 
 1274 
 
 56 Forfeited estates in the rebellion of 1745 restored — 
 
 1784 
 
 47 
 
 the X Vth, — ofVienne — 
 
 1312 
 
 49 Fourmingny, battle of, by which the French recover 
 
 
 49 
 
 the XVIth,— of Constance — 
 
 1414 
 
 Normandy — 
 
 1450 
 
 49 
 
 theXVIIth, of Basle — 
 
 1431 
 
 56 Fox, Mr., dismissed the Privy Council — 
 
 1798 
 
 49 
 
 the XVIIIth,— of Florence — 
 
 1439 
 
 35 France, invasion of, by the Arabs — 
 
 721 
 
 51 
 
 the XlXth,— of the Lateran — 
 
 1512 
 
 56 in alliance with America — 
 
 1778 
 
 51 
 
 the XXth,— of Trent — 
 
 1545 
 
 49 Francesco Carmagnola betrayed at a banquet by the 
 
 
 29 
 
 Genseric king of the Vandals lands in Africa — Boniface 
 
 
 Venetian senate — 
 
 1432 
 
 
 retires to Carthage — 
 
 429 
 
 56 Franklin's, Dr., petition to the Privy Council rejected 
 
 1774 
 
 29 
 
 attached to the Arian heresy, deprives the 
 
 
 44 Frederic Barbarossa enters Italy to subdue it — 
 
 1154 
 
 
 catholic bishops of their sees — 
 
 437 
 
 44 enters into a treaty with the city of Milan — 
 
 1158 
 
 30 
 
 destroys the fleet of Majorian at Carthagena 
 
 457 
 
 44 retreats precipitately over mount Cenis — 
 
 1168 
 
 30 
 
 defeated by the emperor Leo, sues for peace, 
 
 
 44 totally defeated at Lignano — 
 
 1176 
 
 
 and obtains it — 
 
 467 
 
 44 makes a six years' truce with the Guelphic 
 
 
 30 
 
 defeats the expedition against the Vandals 
 
 
 cities — 
 
 1177 
 
 
 under Basilicus — 
 
 468 
 
 45 Frederic II. excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX. — 
 
 1228 
 
 57 
 
 German Confederation renewed — 
 
 1815 
 
 45 obtains the surrender of Jerusalem — 
 
 1229 
 
 53 
 
 Germany, thirty years' war in — 
 
 1619 
 
 
 1237 
 1237 
 
 21 
 21 
 21 
 
 Germanicus sent into Germany — 
 
 chief in command on the Rhine — 
 
 gains two battles over Arminius. — He is recalled 
 
 7 
 
 ., , • .P. „ , . 
 
 15 
 
 45 forced by the Guelphs to raise the siege of 
 
 16 
 
 Parma — 
 
 1248 
 
 21 
 
 and Piso proceed to the East — 
 
 18 
 
 55 Frederic duke of Prussia takes the regal title — 
 
 1701 
 
 21 
 
 death of, — Piso ejected from Syria by Sentius 
 
 19 
 
 55 Frederic prince of Wales dismissed the palace — 
 
 1737 
 
 38 
 
 Germany a second time separated from the Franks — 
 
 887 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 Ghent, pacification of, and demolition of the monuments 
 
 
 
 chamber — 
 
 1738 
 
 
 of Alva's administration — 
 
 1576 
 
 56 death of — 
 
 1751 
 
 57 
 
 peace of, between England and America — 
 
 1814 
 
 36 Fronsac built by Charlemagne, the first instance of a 
 
 
 45 
 
 Ghibelines, the, defeated at Fossalti — 
 
 1249 
 
 fortified castle in France — ■ 
 
 769 
 
 57 
 
 Ghuznee taken by Sir John Keane — 
 
 1839 
 
 44 Fulke of Neuilly preaches the IVth Crusade to the 
 
 
 55 
 
 Gibraltar taken by Sir George Rooke — 
 
 1704 
 
 barons of France — 
 
 1198 
 
 55 
 
 "iccc of rai°cd by the Spaniards und followed 
 
 
 
 
 B. C. 
 
 55 
 
 by the naval victory of Sir John Leake — 
 invested by the Spaniards — 
 
 1705 
 1727 
 
 
 18 Galba treacherously destroys the Lusitanians, Viriathus 
 
 
 56 
 
 besieged by the Spaniards — 
 
 1779 
 
 escapes — 
 
 150 
 
 28 
 
 Gildo the Moor in Africa, revolt of — 
 
 386 
 
 17 the praetor defeated by the Lusitanians — 
 
 151 
 
 28 
 
 defeat and death of — 
 
 398 
 
 16 Gallic war with Rome — 
 
 225 
 
 54 Glencoe, massacre of 
 
 1693 
 
 15 Gauls, irruption of the, into Greece — 
 
 279 
 
 48 
 
 Gloucester, Thomas duke of, carried off, in presence of 
 
 
 15 destruction of. under Brennus at Delphi — 
 
 278 
 
 
 the kins', to Calais — 
 
 1397 
 
 
 
 49 Gloucester, Humphrey duke of, arrested at St. Edmunds- 
 
 
 IU ' (lcIcdXcU 111 1j Li III Id. uy LIJc CO 11 o 111 AjIIllllUa^^lilc 
 
 consul Regulus slain — 
 
 225 
 
 
 bury, and found dead in his bed — 
 
 1447 
 
 7 Geta in Sicily founded — 
 
 690 
 
 54 
 
 Gloucester, William duke of, dies — 
 
 1700 
 
 1 1 Gelon becomes master of Syracuse — 
 
 485 
 
 37 
 
 Godfrey the Norman makes his first descent in France 
 
 808 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 54 Godfrey, Sir Edmundbury, murdered 
 
 42 Godwins, the, rebellion and banishment of 
 
 42 are restored 
 
 30 Gondebaud defeated by Clovis, between Langres and 
 
 Dijon 
 
 25 Gordian the younger makes an expedition against the 
 
 Persians — 
 
 25 murdered at the instance of Philip the Arabian 
 
 28 Goths ravage the Roman provinces — 
 
 28 ■ — allowed by Theodosius to settle in Thrace and 
 
 Asia — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1678 
 1051 
 1052 
 
 — 500 
 
 242 
 244 
 379 
 
 395 
 711 
 
 35 Gothic monarchy in Spain, fall of — 
 
 55 Grand Alliance between England, the Emperor, and 
 
 States General against France — 1701 
 
 46 Grandella, battle of,— Manfred defeated by Charles of 
 
 Anjou — 
 
 28 Gratian made a colleague by the emperor Valentinian 
 
 28 flight of, and assassination by Andragathius 
 
 54 Great Plague in London — 
 
 54 Great Fire in London — 
 
 38 Greek church, — the schism begins — 
 
 57 Greek insurrection, commencement of — 
 
 57 insurrection deemed a rebellion by the congress 
 
 at Verona — 
 
 57 Greece, liberation of — 
 
 52 Gregorian Style published by the court of Rome — 
 
 56 Gregorian, or New Style, takes place in Great Britain 
 52 Grey, lady Jane (Dudley), and lord Guildford Dudley 
 
 beheaded — 
 
 34 Grimoald, duke of Benevento, seizes the throne of 
 
 Lombardy — 
 
 35 Guadalete, battle of the, gained by the Saracens in 
 
 Spain — 
 
 54 Guards reviewed, about 4,000 men, the whole standing 
 
 army of the time — 
 
 55 Guastalla, battle of, between the Imperialists, the — 
 
 French, and Sardinians — 
 
 52 Guise Francis, duke of, shot by Poltrot at the siege of 
 
 Orleans — 
 
 52 Guise, Henry duke of, assassinated — 
 
 53 Gunpowder plot discovered — 
 38 Guy, king of Italy, crowned emperor of the West by 
 
 Pope Stephen V. — 
 
 — is succeeded by Lambert, whose Imperial — 
 
 title is disputed by Arnulph 
 
 14 Halicarnassus taken by Alexander, who conquers Caria 
 16 Hamilcar Barcas chosen general of the Carthaginians 
 
 16 
 16 
 M 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 16 Hannibal, birth of 
 
 encamps between Panormus and Eryx 
 
 takes Eryx by surprise 
 
 opposed to the consul Fundanius in Sicily 
 
 sent into Spain 
 
 defeated in Gaul by the consul Cethegus 
 
 16 succeeds Hasdrubal in Spain 
 
 16 takes Saguntum — 
 
 16 passes the Alps — 
 
 16 defeats the Romans at the Ticin and the Trebia 
 
 16 ■ passes into Etruria — 
 
 16 defeats Flaminius, who is slain at Thrasymene 
 
 16 winters in Daunia — 
 
 16 winters at Capua after the battle of Cannae 
 
 16 besieges and takes Casilinum — 
 
 16 enters into a treaty with Philip of Macedon 
 
 16 winters in Apulia — 
 
 16 takes Tarentum by surprise — 
 
 16 defeats Fulvius Centumalus at Herdonea — 
 
 16 forces Cincius to raise the siege of Locri — 
 
 16 retires into Bruttium — 
 
 16 leaves Italy, — he lands in Africa — 
 
 17 joins Antiochus king of Syria — 
 
 17 urges an attack upon Italy to Antiochus — 
 
 16 Hanno defeated by the consul Catullus at the Agates 
 
 16 Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain — 
 
 16 Hasdrubal the Bald defeated by the Romans in Sicily 
 
 17 Hasdrubal proposes peace, which is rejected — 
 9 Hellanodicae augmented to two — 
 
 11 Helots, their revolt — 
 
 14 Hephaestion, death of — 
 
 9 Heraclea on the Euxine founded — 
 
 1266 
 367 
 383 
 
 1665 
 
 1666 
 860 
 
 1821 
 
 1822 
 1828 
 1582 
 1752 
 
 1554 
 
 662 
 
 711 
 
 1663 
 
 1734 
 
 1563 
 1588 
 1605 
 
 891 
 
 894 
 B.C. 
 
 334 
 247 
 246 
 245 
 243 
 238 
 197 
 247 
 221 
 219 
 218 
 218 
 217 
 217 
 217 
 216 
 216 
 215 
 215 
 212 
 210 
 208 
 207 
 203 
 196 
 193 
 241 
 229 
 215 
 147 
 580 
 464 
 324 
 559 
 
 their first attempt at the Isthmus 
 their second attempt under Cleodaeus 
 their third attempt under Aristomachus 
 return of the 
 
 N° 
 
 12 Heraclea seized by the Boeotians 
 
 3 Heraclidae driven from Tiryns by Eurystheus 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 11 Hiero I 
 
 Tuscans 
 
 15 Hiero II. becomes king of Syracuse 
 15 makes peace with the Romans — 
 
 8 Himera in Sicily founded — 
 
 11 battle of, and victory of Gelon — 
 
 14 battle of, — Agathocles defeated — 
 
 10 Hippias, son of Pisistratus, succeeds to the tyranny of 
 
 Athens — 
 
 12 History of the Old Testament ends about this time — 
 18 History of the Apocrypha ends — 
 17 Hostilius the consul attempts unsuccessfully to pene- 
 trate Macedon — 
 
 3 Hyllus slain by Eurystheus — 
 
 Hercules, birth of — 
 
 war of, with Erginus — 
 
 war of, in Pylos — 
 
 the Trojan expedition of — 
 
 murder of Iphitus by — 
 
 death of — 
 
 of Syracuse gains a naval victory over the 
 
 54 Habeas Corpus Act suspended, the first time — 
 
 56 suspended — 
 
 57 suspended — 
 
 23 Hadrian passes into Gaul and Germany — 
 
 23 passes into Britain, — the Vallum Hadriani 
 
 from Carlisle to Newcastle built 
 
 rebuilds Jerusalem 
 
 adopts Titus Antoninus in Feb, He dies 
 
 23 
 °3 
 
 July 10 
 
 28 Hadrianople, battle of, and death of Valens 
 
 47 Halidon Hill, battle of. gained by king Edward III. 
 
 53 Hamilton, duke of, and lords Holland and Capel be- 
 headed — 
 
 42 Hampshire depopulated to obtain space to plant the 
 New Forest — 
 
 53 Hampton Court, conference of divines at — 
 
 54 Hanover made a ninth Electorate — 
 
 37 Harald king of Denmark converted to Christianity • — 
 36 Haroun al Raschid at war with the Romans — 
 
 38 Hastings repulsed by king Alfred at Exeter — 
 
 42 Hastings, battle of, — king Harold slain — 
 33 Hatfield Chace, battle of, gained by Penda over Edwin 
 
 55 Hawke, admiral, defeats the French fleet • — 
 33 Heliopolis and Emessa besieged by the Saracens — 
 30 Hengist gains the battle of Crayford and is established 
 
 in Kent — 
 
 30 massacres the British nobles — 
 
 39 Henry the Fowler elected king of Germany — 
 41 Henry the Black deposes three Popes at the council of 
 
 Sutrium — 
 
 43 Henry, prince, is invested with the dukedom of Nor- 
 
 mandy — 
 
 44 Henry II. is deserted by Queen Eleanor and his three 
 
 sons — 
 
 44 ■ does penance at the tomb of Thomas-a- 
 
 Becket — 
 
 50 Henry earl of Richmond escapes from Bretagne to 
 
 France — 
 
 50 lands at Milford Haven — 
 
 53 Henry prince of Wales dies — 
 
 29 Heraclian, count, revolt and defeat of, in Africa 
 33 Heraclius and Priscus conspire against Phocas 
 33 
 33 
 33 
 
 takes up arms against Phocas 
 
 elevation of, on the fall and death of Phocas 
 
 makes peace with the Avari and pushes the 
 
 war against the Persians 
 
 first expedition of, against Khosrou 
 
 second expedition of, against Khosrou 
 
 third expedition of, against Khosrou 
 
 33 
 33 
 33 
 
 55 Herculaneum discovered, after being lost for seventeen 
 
 centuries — 
 
 55 Heritable jurisdictions in Scotland abolished — 
 
 50 Hexham, battle of, — Queen Margaret escapes to France 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 29 Hippo, siege of,— death of St. Augustine, bishop of 
 
 Hippo — 430 
 
 56 Hochkirchen, battle of,— Mareschal Keith killed — 1758 
 53 Holy Bible, new translation, published by authority — 1611 
 49 Homildon Hill, battle of, between the earls of Douglas 
 
 and Northumberland — 1402 
 
 57 Hone, William, acquitted on three trials for libel — 1817 
 53 House of Lords solicit a supply, which is voted a breach 
 
 of privilege — 1640 
 
 53 abolished by the Commons — 1649 
 
 54 House of Commons ordered to take the sacrament — 1661 
 54 — protest against alterations in money bills by 
 
 54 
 
 51 
 
 the Lords 
 
 disband the forces against the king's expressed 
 
 — 1671 
 
 opinion for a standing army 
 
 finally reject king William's request to retain 
 
 his Dutch guards 
 
 51 Howard, queen Katherine, and lady Rochford beheaded 
 56 Howe's, lord, victory in the bay of Biscay — 
 
 52 Huguenot war in France — 
 40 Hugh the Great, the father of Hugh Capet, dies — 
 40 Hugh Capet created duke of France by Lothaire the king 
 40 Hungary created a kingdom in favour of Stephen, son 
 
 of Geisa — 
 
 29 Huns, the, ravage Europe on to Constantinople — 
 
 30 extinction of their empire — 
 
 11 Icilius, his law allotting the Aventine to the Commons 
 16 Illyrian war with Rome, the first — 
 
 16 Illyria and Rome, peace between — 
 
 16 Illyrian war, the second — 
 
 11 Inarus revolts from the Persians — 
 
 11 Institution of the dictatorship at Rome — 
 
 16 Insubria and Liguria formed into the province of Cis- 
 alpine Gaul — 
 16 Interview between Hannibal and Scipio — 
 — between Sulla and Mithridates. Peace granted 
 
 to Mithridates 
 19 between Pompey and Lucullus in Galatia — 
 
 19 at Luca between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus 
 
 20 between Antony and Cleopatra on the Cydnus 
 
 20 of Antony and Octavianus at Tarentum — 
 
 10 Ionia, conquest of, by the Persians — 
 
 11 Ionian war. — Sardis burnt. — The Ionians defeated near 
 
 Ephesus — 
 
 11 second year — Cyprus recovered by the Persians 
 
 11 ■ third year — Aristagoras slain in Thrace — 
 
 11 — fourth year — Histiseus comes down to the coast 
 
 fifth year — Preparations for the assault of Mi- 
 
 letus 
 
 11 
 
 last year — The confederates defeated in a naval 
 
 action, and Miletus taken — 
 
 3 Ionic migration led by Neleus — 
 
 13 Iphicrates defeats the troops of Agesilaus by a new 
 
 system of tactics — 
 
 13 sent to the Hellespont — 
 
 — arrives at Corcyra, but Mnasippus is already 
 
 slain 
 
 13 
 
 — continues in command of a fleet in the Ionian sea 
 14 Ipsus, battle of, — Antigonus falls. — Flight of Demetrius 
 16 Irruption of the Transalpine Gauls — 
 
 14 Issus, battle of, gained by Alexander — 
 
 16 Istria on the Adriatic, conquest of, by the Romans — 
 8 Istrus, a Milesian colony settled — 
 
 11 Ithome surrenders to the Lacedaemonians — 
 
 35 Iconoclastic controversy begins — 
 
 35 rupture between the Pontificate and the Greek 
 
 empire upon the question — 
 
 31 Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia — 
 
 36 Images, destruction of, decreed by the synod of Con- 
 
 stantinople — 
 
 25 Immae, battle of,— defeat and death of Macrinus — 
 
 34 Ina king of Wessex publishes a code of Saxon laws — 
 57 Income tax abandoned — 
 
 56 India bill of Mr. Fox thrown out — 
 
 56 of Mr. Pitt passed 
 
 45 Innocent III. enjoins the election of Stephen Langton 
 
 to the see of Canterbury — 
 
 1697 
 
 1698 
 1542 
 1794 
 1560 
 956 
 960 
 
 1000 
 441 
 468 
 
 B.C. 
 
 454 
 
 229 
 228 
 219 
 460 
 499 
 
 222 
 202 
 
 84 
 66 
 55 
 42 
 37 
 544 
 
 499 
 498 
 497 
 496 
 
 495 
 
 494 
 1044 
 
 392 
 389 
 
 373 
 
 372 
 301 
 236 
 333 
 221 
 633 
 455 
 
 A.D. 
 
 726 
 
 728 
 547 
 
 754 
 217 
 692 
 1802 
 1783 
 1784 
 
 1206 
 
 N° 
 
 45 Innocent III. consecrates Langton in person at Viterbo 
 
 45 pronounces the interdict against king John — 
 
 49 Insurrection of Jack Cade — 
 
 21 Interview of Caius Caesar with Phraates king of Parthia 
 — of king Henry I. and pope Innocent II. at 
 
 Chartres 
 
 of Henry VIII. and Charles V. at Dover 
 
 of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at Ardres 
 
 51 - 
 
 51 - 
 
 41 Inundation of the sea, of great extent in Flanders 
 49 at Dort, which overwhelmed 100,000 souls - 
 
 42 Investitures, and their question of right, raise disputes 
 
 between the emperor and the pope — 
 
 43 by ring and crosier abandoned by the emperor 
 
 37 Irene, the empress, deposed and banished to Lesbos — 
 56 Irish trade opened • — 
 
 56 directory arrested at Dublin — 
 
 24 Issus, battle of, — Pescennius Niger defeated by Septi- 
 
 mius Severus — 
 
 31 Italy, invasion of, by the Franks — 
 
 32 in great part conquered by the Lombards — 
 
 32 ravaged by the Sclavonians and Avari — 
 
 52 Ivry, battle of, — duke de Mayenne defeated by Henry IV. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1207 
 
 1208 
 
 1450 
 
 2 
 
 1130 
 1520 
 1520 
 1014 
 1447 
 
 1073 
 1122 
 802 
 1779 
 1798 
 
 195 
 
 538 
 
 568 
 
 600 
 
 1590 
 
 B.C. 
 
 370 
 
 587 
 63 
 
 144 
 609 
 HI 
 109 
 107 
 
 106 
 100 
 
 A.D. 
 
 47 James Arteveldt, a brewer of Ghent, becomes an ally to 
 
 king Edward III. — 1337 
 
 49 James I. of Scotland taken prisoner on his way to 
 
 France — 1406 
 
 49 released from his captivity — 1423 
 
 53 James I. of England resorts to raising money by way 
 
 of benevolence — 1614 
 
 53 enforces episcopacy in Scotland — 1617 
 
 53 ■ personally cancels a protest of the House of 
 
 Commons — 1621 
 
 57 Janissaries, extinction of, by Sultan Mahmood — 1826 
 
 52 Jarnac, battle of, gained by Henry duke of Anjou, the 
 
 prince de Conde killed — 1569 
 
 57 Java, conquest of, by Sir Samuel Auchmuty — 1811 
 
 56 Jervis, Sir John, victory off Cape St. Vincent — 1797 
 
 22 Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Titus — 70 
 
 33 taken by the Saracens — 6i7 
 
 42 besieged and taken by the Crusaders — 1099 
 
 56 Jesuits, order of, abolished in France — 1764 
 
 49 Joan of Arc takes Orleans by assault — 1429 
 
 29 John the Notary, elevation and fall of — 423 
 
 45 John, king, does homage to the pope before his legate 
 
 at Dover — 1213 
 
 45 signs Magna Charta, pope Innocent annuls it 1215 
 
 46 John Baliol declared king of Scotland by Edward I. — 1292 
 46 is defeated by king Edward, and abdicates his 
 
 crown — 1296 
 
 48 John of Gaunt weds Constance, and assumes the regal 
 
 style of Castile — 
 
 49 John Huss condemned at the council of Constance — 
 
 53 John Hampden, judgment in the Exchequer against — 
 53 judgment in the Exchequer cancelled by par- 
 
 13 Jason of Pherae is slain — 
 
 9 Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar. — The Temple 
 
 burnt — 
 
 19 taken by Pompey — 
 
 18 Jonathan Maccabeus betrayed and put to death by 
 
 Tryphon — 
 
 8 Josiah king of Judah slain at Megiddo — 
 
 18 Jugurthan war, first campaign — 
 
 18 Jugurtha and Boinilcar defeated by Metellus — 
 
 18 joined by Bocchus — 
 
 18 betrayed by Bocchus to Sulla, and delivered 
 
 up to Marius — 
 
 19 Julius Caesar, birth of — 
 
 liament 
 
 53 mortally wounded at Chalgrove 
 
 54 John Hampden fined £40,000 — 
 28 Julian declared Caesar, and sent to the West by Con- 
 
 stantine — 
 
 28 first campaign in Gaul — 
 
 28 second campaign. — He defeats Chnodomar at 
 
 Strasburg 
 
 28 five expeditions beyond the Rhine 
 
 28 subdues the Franks 
 
 357- 
 
 1371 
 1415 
 1638 
 
 1641 
 1643 
 1684 
 
 354 
 356 
 
 357 
 -361 
 358 
 
Ill, 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 28 Julian acknowledged emperor — 361 
 
 28 resolves on the conquest of Persia — 362 
 
 28 marches to the Euphrates, — invasion of As- 
 syria, — death of Julian — 363 
 31 Justinian code published 529—530 
 31 pandects published — 529 
 
 37 Kent and Essex conquered by Egbert king of Wessex 823 
 
 56 Keppel, admiral, acquitted by court martial — 1779 
 32 Khosrou Purvez seeks protection with the Romans — 590 
 
 32 — restored as king of Persia by the troops of 
 
 the emperor Maurice — 591 
 
 33 conquers Syria — 611 
 
 33 takes Jerusalem and conquers Palestine — 614 
 
 33 conquers Egypt and Asia Minor — 616 
 
 33 deposed and murdered by Schiroueh his son 628 
 
 57 Kilwarden, lord, assassinated in the streets of Dublin 1803 
 
 42 Knights of St. John, institution of — 1097 
 
 43 Knights Templars, institution of — 1118 
 31 Kobad destroys the army of Anastatius — 504 
 
 31 defeated by Celer, which ends the Persian war 505 
 
 57 Konieh, battle of, gained by Ibrahim Pacha over the 
 
 Vizier Redschid Pacha 
 
 — 1832 
 B.C. 
 
 20 Labienus and the Parthians invade Syria and sack 
 Jerusalem — 
 
 20 defeated by Ventidius — 
 
 12 Lacedaemon, congress at — 
 
 12 and Elis, war between — 
 
 13 and Megalopolis at war — 
 
 17 Lacedaemonians defeated by the Argives at Hysia — 
 
 1 lose their ascendancy in Greece — 
 
 17 join the Achaean League — 
 
 17 enter a second time into the Achaean League 
 
 13 Laconia, first invasion of, — the Thebans arrive in mid- 
 
 winter — 
 
 16 Laevinus defeats the Carthaginian fleet off Clypea — 
 
 14 Lamian war — 
 7 Lampsacus, founded by the Phocaeans, led by Timesias 
 
 14 Latin war with Rome ended — 
 
 14 Lautulae, battle of, — Fabius Maximus defeated by the 
 
 Samnites — 
 
 13 Lechaeum, battle of, and sedition at Corinth — 
 
 18 Lentulus defeated by the servile army under Eunus 
 6 Leontium in Achaia founded — 
 
 19 Lepidus, civil war of — 
 
 19 death of — 
 
 20 Lepidus, fall of — 
 3 Lesbos occupied 
 
 12 revolts from Athens, except Methymne — ■ 
 
 12 recovered by the Athenians — 
 
 13 Leuctra, battle of, — Cleombrotus mortally wounded — 
 
 18 Lex Licinia, a sumptuary law introduced at Rome — 
 
 16 Libyan war with Carthage terminated — 
 
 17 Licinius the consul winters in Bceotia and Thessaly — 
 17 Ligurians are transported to Samnium — 
 
 17 subdued by the consuls Gallus and Marcellus 
 
 16 Lilybaeum besieged by the Roman consuls — 
 
 8 Lipara founded according to Eusebius — 
 9 founded according to Diodorus — 
 
 19 Livius Drusus endeavouring to advance the privileges 
 
 of the Italian allies is assassinated — 
 
 7 Locri, the, settle in Magna Graecia — 
 
 11 Long walls of Athens completed — 
 
 19 defeats Mithridates at Cyzicus — 
 
 19 ' besieges Amisus — 
 
 19 takes Amisus and Eupatoria — 
 
 14 Lycia reduced by Alexander — 
 
 9 Lycophron, son of Periander, slain by the Corcyraeans 
 13 Lycophron surrenders Pherae to Philip, who is pre- 
 vented by the Athenians passing Pylas — 
 
 4 Lycurgus, regency of — 
 
 13 Lysander slain at Haliartus — 
 
 15 Lysimachus defeated and slain by Seleucus — 
 
 54 La Hogue, battle of, gained by Admiral Russell 
 
 56 Lally, count, beheaded at Paris 
 
 50 Lambert Simnel proclaimed in Ireland 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 432 
 401 
 352 
 669 
 476 
 192 
 182 
 
 369 
 208 
 323 
 654 
 337 
 
 315 
 
 393 
 
 135 
 
 730 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 36 
 
 1053 
 
 428 
 
 427 
 
 371 
 
 110 
 
 238 
 
 171 
 
 180 
 
 166 
 
 250 
 
 627 
 
 579 
 
 91 
 
 673 
 
 456 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 333 
 
 585 
 
 352 
 
 873 
 395 
 281 
 
 A.D. 
 
 16 '2 
 
 1766 
 1486 
 
 Earl 
 
 50 Lambert Simnel crowned in Dublin. Battle of Stoke, — 
 
 Simnel degraded — 
 
 54 Landen, battle of, lost by king William — 
 
 52 Langside, battle of, — Mary Queen of Scots defeated 
 
 by the regent Moray — 
 
 32 Latin language falls into disuse about — 
 
 53 Laud, bishop, raised to the see of Canterbury — 
 53 archbishop, beheaded — 
 
 51 League between Julius II. Spain and Venice against 
 
 France — 
 
 51 ■ at Calais between Leo X. Charles V. and 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 52 Lennox, regent earl of, assassinated at Stirling, 
 
 of Marr succeeds 
 14 Leipsic. battle of,— Count Tilly defeated by Gustavus 
 Adolphus — 
 
 53 Lens, battle of, gained by the Prince of Conde — 
 37 Leo the Armenian killed at the altar by Michael the 
 
 Stammerer 
 32 Leovigild conquers the Suevi, who are annexed to 
 
 Spain — 
 
 52 Lepanto, battle of, gained by Don John of Austria — 
 46 Lewes, battle of, — King Henry III. taken prisoner — 
 56 Lexington, hostilities commence at — 
 
 56 Libel bill carried by Mr. Fox. The jury to judge both 
 
 of the law and the fact — 
 
 57 Liberty of the press established in France — 
 27 Licinius declared Augustus by Galerius without the 
 
 intermediate rank of Caesar — 
 
 43 Lincoln, battle of, — King Stephen taken prisoner — 
 45 battle of, — Prince Louis returns to France — 
 
 56 Lisbon, earthquake at — 
 29 Littorius defeated and taken prisoner by Theo- 
 
 doric — 
 
 57 Liverpool, lord, sudden paralysis of — 
 46 Llewellyn Prince of Wales defeats king Edward's 
 
 forces — 
 
 31 Llongborth, battle of, between Cerdic and Arthur — 
 
 32 Longinus, sent by Justin II. takes the title of Exarch 
 
 of Ravenna ■ — 
 
 56 Lord Mayor Beckford rejoins to the king's reply to an 
 
 address from the city of London — 
 
 40 Lorraine becomes the subject of warlike contention 
 
 between Otho II. and Lothaire king of France — 
 
 57 Lotteries, the last contract for — 
 57 Louis XVIII. embarks for Calais on his restoration — 
 
 38 Louis III. of France defeats the Normans on the 
 
 Loire — 
 
 39 Louis son of Boson king of Aries is crowned emperor 
 
 of the West by Pope Benedict IV. ■ — 
 
 39 defeated by Berenger, who deprives him of 
 
 sight — 
 
 45 Louis Prince of France, invited by the barons invades 
 
 England — 
 
 45 Louis IX. of France takes Damietta — 
 
 45 captured, surrenders Damietta — 
 
 57 Lucien Bonaparte lands at Plymouth — 
 
 24 Lucilla, sister to Commodus, exiled and put to death 
 
 for conspiracy — 
 
 53 Lutzen, battle of, — Gustavus Adolphus killed — 
 
 24 Lyons, battle of, — Claudius Albinus defeated by Septi- 
 
 mius Severus — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1487 
 1693 
 
 1568 
 581 
 1633 
 1645 
 
 1511 
 
 1521 
 
 1571 
 
 1631 
 
 1648 
 
 820 
 
 585 
 1571 
 1264 
 1775 
 
 14 Macedonian garrison enters Munychia — 
 
 17 Macedonian war, the first — 
 
 17 the second — 
 
 17 Macedonia divided into provinces. — Seventy towns in 
 
 Epirus destroyed — 
 
 17 Magnesia, battle of, — Antiochus defeated by Scipio — 
 
 16 Mayo lands an army in Italy — 
 
 18 Mancinus the consul defeated by the Numantines, who 
 
 consent to peace upon equal terms 
 
 17 Manlius the consul reduces the Gallo-Greeks in 
 
 Galatia — 
 
 17 carries on the war in Istria — 
 
 18 Manlius and Caepio, consul and proconsul, totally de- 
 
 feated by the Cimbri on the banks of the Rhone — 
 
 12 Mantinea, battle of, gained by King Agis — 
 
 13 besieged by Agesipolis — 
 
 13 battle of, — death of Epaminondas — 
 
 1792 
 1824 
 
 307 
 1141 
 1217 
 1755 
 
 440 
 1827 
 
 1281 
 530 
 
 569 
 
 1770 
 
 978 
 1825 
 1814 
 
 882 
 
 901 
 
 904 
 
 1216 
 1249 
 1250 
 1810 
 
 183 
 1632 
 
 197 
 
 B.C 
 
 322* 
 200 
 171 
 
 167 
 190 
 205 
 
 — 137 
 
 189 
 178 
 
 105 
 
 418 
 385 
 362 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° B. C. 
 
 13 Mantinea, peace of, the Messenians included, the Lace- 
 daemonians not consenting — 361 
 
 16 battle of, — Machanides defeated and slain by 
 
 Philopcemen — 
 
 11 Marathon, battle of, — the Persians defeated by Miltiades 
 16 Marcellus the consul kills Viridomarus in single conflict 
 
 16 sent into Sicily, — Syracuse besieged — 
 
 16 finally takes Syracuse — 
 
 16 slain in an ambush — 
 
 17 Marcellus the consul conducts the war in Spain — 
 17 Marcius the consul defeated by the Ligurians — 
 
 17 the consul proceeds into Macedon — 
 
 18 Marcius the consul plants a colony at Narbonne in 
 
 Transalpine Gaul — 
 
 18 Marius serves at Numantia 
 18 - 
 
 now tribune of the people, imprisons the consul 
 
 Metellus for opposition to his measures — 
 
 — takes Capsa. — His first consulate — 
 
 a second time consul, passes over to Gaul. Sulla 
 
 is legatus to him 
 
 — a third time consul. Sulla military tribune — 
 a fourth time consul, defeats the Teutones at 
 
 Aquae Sextia 
 
 a fifth time consul, and Catullus, defeat the 
 
 Cimbri on the plain of Vercellae 
 
 a sixth time consul 
 
 lays down his command 
 
 and Sulla, civil war between 
 
 — and Cinna, junction of 
 
 a seventh time consul, — his death 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 29 Marius the younger defeated near Praeneste 
 
 20 Marriage of Antony and Octavia 
 
 16 Masinissa saluted as king of Numidia by Scipio — 
 
 17 extends his encroachments in Africa — 
 
 17 renewed complaints against his encroachments 
 
 18 defeats the Carthaginians — 
 
 9 Massilia — Marseilles — founded by the Phocceans — 
 
 10 refounded 
 
 18 Massiva murdered by Bomilcar at the instance of Ju- 
 
 gurtha — 
 
 20 Media and Armenia conquered by the Parthians — > 
 
 13 Megalopolis founded — 
 
 6 Megara Hyblaea founded — 
 
 8 Megarians send colonists to Byzantium — 
 
 11 Megarid, battles in the, between the Athenians and 
 
 Corinthians — 
 
 3 Melanthus elected king of Athens — 
 
 12 Melos surrendered to the Athenians — 
 20 Messalla, campaign of — 
 
 15 Messapians, conquest of, and occupation of Brundusium 
 6 Messenian war, the first — 
 
 6 the first ended — 
 
 7 the second — 
 
 7 the second ended — 
 
 11 the third — 
 
 13 Messenians, restoration of the — 
 
 17 surrender to Lycortas, the successor of Philo- 
 pcemen — 
 
 16 Metaurus, battle of the, — Hasdrubal defeated and slain 
 
 15 Metellus the consul killed at Arretinm — . 
 
 16 Metellus gains a victory over Hasdrubal at Panormus 
 
 18 Metellus the consul sent into Spain — 
 
 18 Metellus superseded by Marius — 
 
 19 exile of — 
 
 19 return of — 
 
 18 Micipsa king of Numidia, death of — 
 
 8 Milesians established in Egypt — 
 8 Milesian war begins — 
 8 Miletus, peace with, between Alyattes and Thrasybulus 
 
 12 battle of, gained by the Athenians — 
 
 19 Milo and Clodius, rencontre between — 
 19 Milo in exile — 
 
 10 Miltiades, son of Cimon, succeeds Stesagoras in the 
 
 Chersonese 
 
 11 retires from the Chersonese to Athens, while 
 
 the Phoenician fleet lay at Tenedos — 
 
 12 Mindarus slain by Alcibiades at Cyzicus — 
 3 Minos, his naval dominion and legislation — 
 
 19 Mithridatic war, the first — 
 
 19 renewed — 
 
 19 Mithridates, defeat and flight of — 
 
 206 
 490 
 222 
 214 
 212 
 208 
 152 
 186 
 169 
 
 118 
 134 
 
 119 
 107 
 
 104 
 103 
 
 102 
 
 101 
 
 100 
 
 90 
 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 
 82 
 
 40 
 
 203 
 
 193 
 
 172 
 
 150 
 
 600 
 
 544 
 
 110 
 33 
 371 
 728 
 628 
 
 457 
 1104 
 416 
 34 
 266 
 743 
 723 
 685 
 668 
 464 
 369 
 
 182 
 207 
 283 
 250 
 143 
 107 
 100 
 99 
 118 
 630 
 623 
 612 
 412 
 52 
 52 
 
 — 515 
 
 493 
 
 410 
 
 1256 
 
 88 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 N° 
 
 19 Mithridates received by Tigranes — 
 
 19 defeated by Pompey — 
 
 20 Munda, battle of. — by Caesar over Pompey, which ter- 
 
 minates the civil war — 
 
 20 Mutina, battles of — 
 
 11 Mycale, battle of, gained by Leotychides — 
 
 11 Mycenae destroyed by the Argives — 
 
 6 Mylae in the Chersonesus of Sicily founded — 
 
 8 Myron of Sicyon is victor in the chariot race — 
 
 11 Myronides, expedition of, into Thessaly — 
 
 12 Mytilene besieged by the Athenians — 
 
 12 and Platea surrender — 
 
 19 capture of — 
 
 55 Macclesfield, lord chancellor, convicted of bribery — 
 51 Madrid, treaty of, — Francis I. released by Charles V. — 
 57 insurrection at, the palace attacked — 
 
 32 Mahomed, birth of — 
 
 33 preaches at Mecca — 
 
 33 begins to publish his Koran — 
 
 33 flight of, — era of the Hejira — 
 
 33 death of — 
 
 33 Mahometan war. The first against the Roman empire 
 32 Maires du Palais to the Merovingian kings of Prance 
 
 usurp their power — 
 
 56 Malmsbury's, lord, embassy to Paris — 
 55 Malplaquet, battle of, between Marlborough and Villars 
 43 Malta taken by Roger count of Sicily — 
 
 57 Manchester meeting for reform, fatal issue of — 
 30 Marcellinus, count, revolts in Dalmatia — 
 
 48 March, Roger earl of, declared presumptive heir to the 
 
 Crown — 
 
 49 — — succeeded in his regal rights by the duke of 
 
 B.C. 
 
 70 
 66 
 
 45 
 43 
 479 
 468 
 716 
 648 
 454 
 428 
 427 
 80 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1725 
 1526 
 1841 
 569 
 609 
 612 
 622 
 632 
 629 
 
 598 
 1796 
 1709 
 1122 
 18)9 
 
 461 
 
 1385 
 1424 
 
 York 
 46 Marchfield, battle of, — Ottocar defeated by Rodolph of 
 
 Hapsburg — 1278 
 
 55 Maria Theresa rejects the insidious offers of Frederic of 
 
 Prussia — 1740 
 
 51 Marignano, battle of, — the Swiss defeated by Francis I. 1515 
 48 Marino Faliero denounced by the Council of Ten, and 
 
 beheaded — 
 
 55 Marlborough, John duke of, dies — 
 
 55 Marlborough, dss. of, advances £300,000 on the salt duty 
 23 Marriage of Marcus Aurelius with Faustina, daughter 
 
 of Antoninus — 
 
 of Athaulfus with Placidia, sister of Honorius. 
 
 29 
 31 
 -10 
 ■10 
 ■11 
 16 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 51 
 51 
 51 
 51 
 52 
 52 
 
 He marches into Spain 
 
 of Amalric, king of the Visigoths, to Clotilda, 
 
 daughter of Clovis 
 
 of the princess Theodora, daughter of the em- 
 
 peror Romanus, to the eldest son of Otho the Great 
 of VVlodomirof Russia to the princess Anne, 
 
 daughter of Romanus II. 
 
 of Henry duke of Normandy to Eleanor, the 
 
 divorced queen of Louis VII. 
 
 contract between prince Edward and Margaret 
 
 of Scotland. — The young queen dies on her return 
 from Norway — 
 
 of Francis Sforza with Bianca Visconti, daugh- 
 
 ter of duke Philip of Milan 
 
 of king Edward IV. to lady Elizabeth Grey — 
 
 of Mary countess of Burgundy with the arch- 
 
 duke Maximilian 
 
 of Anne duchess of Bretagne to Charles VIII. 
 
 king of France 
 
 of Katherine of Arragon to Arthur prince of 
 
 of James IV. of Scotland to the princess Mar- 
 garet of England — 
 of king Henry VIII. to Katherine princess of 
 
 of the princess Mary to Louis XII. king of 
 
 Wales 
 
 Wales 
 
 i 
 
 France 
 
 of king Henry VIII. to Anne Boleyn — 
 
 of king Henry VIII. to Jane Seymour — 
 
 of king Henry VIII. to Anne of Cleves — 
 of king Henry VIII. to lady Katherine Howard 
 of king Henry VIII. to Katherine Parr — 
 of lord Guildford Dudley and lady Jane Grey 
 of Mary queen of Scots and the Dauphin — 
 
 1355 
 1722 
 1732 
 
 139 
 
 414 
 
 528 
 
 972 
 
 988 
 
 1151 
 
 1290 
 
 1441 
 1464 
 
 1477 
 
 1491 
 
 1501 
 
 1502 
 
 1509 
 
 1514 
 1533 
 1536 
 1540 
 1540 
 1548 
 1554 
 1558 
 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 52 Marriage of Mary queen of Scots and lord Darnley — 1565 
 
 52 of Mary queen of Scots to earl Bothwell — 1567 
 
 53 of the Ps. Elizabeth to the Elector Palatine — 1613 
 
 53 of king Charles I. to Henrietta Maria of France 1625 
 
 54 of the Duke of York to Mary of Modena — 1673 
 
 57 of queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe 
 
 Coburg Gotha — 1840 
 
 56 Marriage Act passed — 1753 
 37 Marseilles taken and plundered by Greek pirates — 848 
 
 55 plague at — 1720 
 
 54 Marsiglia. battle of, duke of Savoy defeated — 1693 
 53 Marston Moor, battle of — 1644 
 51 Martin Luther excommunicated at the Diet of Worms 1521 
 
 51 preaches against the sale of Indulgences at 
 
 Wittemburg and is condemned at Rome — 1517 
 
 52 Martyrs, John Rogers, protomartyr — Bishop Hooper, 
 
 Bishop Ferrars — 1555 
 
 51 Mary queen of Scots carried over to France — 1548 
 
 52 lands at Leith from the court of France — 1561 
 
 52 ■ lands at Workington — 1568 
 
 52 beheaded — 1587 
 
 44 Massacre of the Latins at Constantinople — 1183 
 
 52 Massacre on St. Bartholomew's eve — J572 
 
 53 Matilda, the empress, now a widow, returns to England 1126 
 
 43 marries Geoffrey Plantagenet — 1127 
 
 43 invades Normandy — 1136 
 
 43 escapes by night from Oxford to Wallingford 1142 
 
 43 returns to Normandy — 1147 
 
 32 Maurice the Cappadocian wars against the Avari — 595 
 
 33 and his five children put to death by Phocas 602 
 
 52 prince, takes Breda and expels the Spaniards 
 
 from the Union — 1590 
 27 Maximin exacts the equal title of Augustus, which is 
 
 also conceded to Constantine — 308 
 
 27 Maximian strangled at Marseilles by order of Con- 
 
 stantine — 310 
 
 28 Maximus in Britain revolts against Theodosius — 383 
 28 invades Italy ; flight of Valentinian II. — 387 
 
 28 — defeated on the Save by Theodosius. — Death 
 
 of Maximus — 388 
 
 33 Mecca, submission of to Mahomed — 629 
 
 39 pillatred by the Carmanthian Abu Taher — 929 
 
 57 Mehemet Ali, revolt of, from the Sublime Porte — 1824 
 57 Melville, lord, charged with embezzlement by Mr. 
 
 Whitbread — 1805 
 
 55 Menin surrenders to Marlborough — 1706 
 
 29 Meroveus begins to reign, according to the French 
 
 chronology — 448 
 
 36 Merovingian dynasty terminated in France — 751 
 39 Mersberg. battle of, — the Hungarians defeated by Henry 
 
 the Fowler — 934 
 42 battle of,— Rodolph of Suabia killed by God- 
 frey of Bouillon — 1080 
 57 Metropolitan Police commenced — 1829 
 
 37 Michael I. defeated by Crunnus king of Bulgaria — 813 
 
 38 Michael III. the Sot, put to death by Basil the Macedo- 
 
 nian, who succeeds him — 867 
 42 Michael VI. abdicates the empire of the East in favour 
 
 of Isaac Comnenus — 
 
 57 Miguel, Don, usurps the throne of Portugal — 
 
 57 — his fleet captured by Admiral Napier 
 
 1057 
 1828 
 1833 
 1759 
 1708 
 1719 
 1741 
 341 
 
 56 Minden, battle of, — defection of lord George Sackville 
 
 55 Minorca taken by general Stanhope — 
 
 55 Mississippi scheme at its height in Nov. Dec. — 
 
 55 Molwitz, battle of, gained by Frederic of Prussia — 
 27 Monastic life, increase and influence of, at Rome — 
 36 Monasteries in the East dissolved by Constantine Co- 
 
 pronymus — 770 
 
 52 Moncontour, battle of, gained by Henry IV. • — 1569 
 54 Monmouth, duke of, taken at Sedgemoor — 1685 
 47 Montfort, countess de, engages a French fleet — 1342 
 
 56 Montreal, surrender of to General Amherst — 1760 
 56 taken by the Americans under general Mont- 
 gomery — 1775 
 
 53 Montrose, marquis of, executed — 1650 
 53 Moors, expulsion of by Philip III. of Spain — 1609 
 51 More, Sir Thomas, beheaded — 1535 
 47 Mortimer, Roger, seized in Nottingham castle and 
 
 executed — 1330 
 
 50 Mortimer's Cross, battle of, gained by Edward earl of 
 
 March — 1461 
 
 N° 
 
 28 Mount Seleucus, battle of, — defeat and death of Mag- 
 nentius — 
 
 47 Mount Cassel, battle of, gained by Philip of Valois over 
 the Flemings 
 
 51 Muhlberg. battle of, gained by Charles V. — Elector of 
 
 Saxony taken prisoner 
 47 Muhldorf, battle of, — Frederic III. taken prisoner by 
 Louis of Bavaria — 
 
 52 Murray, regent earl of, assassinated, earl of Lennox 
 
 succeeds — 
 
 28 Mursa, battle of, — Magnentius defeated by Constantius 
 35 Musa the Saracen lands in Spain — 
 
 35 effects the conquest of Spain — 
 
 35 arrested at the head of his army — 
 
 17 Nabis submits to Flamininus. — Liberation of Argos — 
 
 17 defeated by Philopcemen. — Lacedasmon joins 
 
 the Achaean League — 
 
 6 Nabonassar, era of, begins — 
 
 3 Naval empire of the Lydians 1169- 
 
 3 of the Pelasgians 1077- 
 
 4 of the Thracians 992- 
 
 4 of the Rhodians 913- 
 
 4 of the Phrygians 890- 
 
 4 of the Cyprians 865- 
 
 4 of the Phoenicians 832- 
 
 5 of the Egyptians ? 787- 
 
 6 ■ of the Milesians 750- 
 
 6 oftheCarians 732- 
 
 7 of the Lesbians 671- 
 
 9 of the Phocaeans 575- 
 
 10 of the Samians — 
 
 11 of iEgina — 
 
 12 Naval actions in the Corinthian gulf ■ — 
 6 Naxos founded by Theucles — 
 
 10 besieged for four months by Megabates and 
 
 Aristagoras — 
 
 11 besieged by Cimon — 
 
 13 battle off,— Pollis defeated by Chabrias — 
 
 8 Neco king of Egypt began his canal between the Red 
 
 Sea and the Nile, circa — 
 
 9 Nemean games restored — 
 
 12 Nicias leads an expedition — 
 
 12 surrender of, in Sicily — 
 
 19 Nicomedes bequeaths Bithynia to the Romans — 
 
 8 Nineveh, capture of ■ — 
 
 18 Numantines, the, refuse to receive Mancinus as a prisoner 
 18 Numantia, its fall and destruction of its inhabitants — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 353 
 
 — 1330 
 
 — 1547 
 
 1322 
 
 1570 
 351 
 
 712 
 713 
 714 
 
 B.C. 
 
 195 
 
 52 Nantes, edict of by Henry IV. in favour of the Re- 
 formers — 
 
 54 edict of, revoked — 
 
 51 Naples, partition of, by Louis XII. and Ferdinand oi 
 Spain 
 
 46 Napoleon della Torre captured at Desio by the arch 
 bishop of Milan - 
 
 57 Napoleon Bonaparte, death of 
 
 29 Narbonne besieged by the Goths - 
 
 32 Narses effects the settlement of Italy 
 
 32 defeats the Franks and the Athenians 
 
 32 defection and death of 
 
 192 
 
 747 
 
 -1178 
 
 - 993 
 
 - 914 
 
 - 891 
 
 - 866 
 
 - 833 
 
 - 786 
 
 - 751 
 
 - 733 
 
 - 672 
 
 - 6o;i 
 
 - 532 
 
 529 
 4S5 
 429 
 735 
 
 501 
 466 
 376 
 
 610 
 566 
 427 
 413 
 74 
 606 
 136 
 133 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1598 
 1685 
 
 - 1501 
 
 1277 
 1821 
 435 
 544 
 554 
 567 
 1C45 
 
 53 Naseby, battle of, — the royalists defeated — 
 
 57 National prosperity the leading topic of the royal speech 
 
 in February. Commercial panic in December — 1825 
 48 Navarette, battle of, — by Edward the Black Prince over 
 
 Henry the Bastard of Castile — 1367 
 45 Novas de Tolosa, battle of, — Mahomed Alnassar de- 
 feated by Alfonso IX. of Castile — 1212 
 56 Nelson's, lord, victory off the Nile — 1798 
 47 Nevil's Cross, battle of, — David king of Scotland taken 
 
 prisoner — 1346 
 
 53 Newbury, first battle of, gained by the parliamentarians 1643 
 
 53 second battle of, — an undecided conflict — 1644 
 
 56 New York taken by the king's troops — 1776 
 
 57 desolating fire at — 1835 
 
 42 Nice, siege of, by the Crusaders — 1097 
 
 51 Nice, treaty of, between Charles V. and Francis I. — 1538 
 37 Nicephorus defeated and killed by Crunnus king of 
 
 Bulgaria — 811 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 peius 
 
 N° 
 
 40 Nicephorus II. assassinated at the instance of Theophania 969 
 
 48 Nicopolis, battle of, — defeat of Sigisinund king of Hun- 
 
 gary by Bajazet I. — 1396 
 
 52 Nieuport, battle of, — the archduke Albert defeated by 
 
 prince Maurice — 1600 
 
 31 Nika, insurrection of the, at Constantinople — 532 
 
 54 Nimeguen, peace of — 1678 
 
 27 Nisibis, first siege of, by Shahpoor king of Persia — 338 
 
 27 second siege of — 346 
 
 27 third siege of — 350 
 
 31 Noorsherwan invades Syria and destroys Antioch — 540 
 
 32 last war with the Romans — 572 
 
 56 Nootka Sound, affair of — 1790 
 
 53 Nordlinghen, battle of, gained by the Imperialists — 1634 
 52 Norfolk, Thomas duke of, beheaded — 1572 
 43 Normandy subdued by the earl of Anjou — 1146 
 
 45 united to France — 1204 
 
 38 Normans, the, sail up the Seine to Paris — 856 
 
 41 first enter Italy — 1018 
 
 42 conquer Calabria — 1060 
 
 50 Northampton, battle of, — king Henry VI. taken prisoner 1460 
 
 49 Northumberland, earl of, slain at Bramham Moor by 
 
 Sir Thomas Rokeby — 1408 
 
 56 Notables, first assembly at Versailles — 1787 
 
 56 second assembly — 1788 
 
 51 Novarra, the French under La Tremouille repulsed by 
 
 the Swiss — 1513 
 51 Noyau, treaty of, which ends the wars of the League of 
 
 Cambray — 1516 
 
 B.C. 
 
 44 
 
 39 
 37 
 35 
 34 
 
 31 
 
 592 
 
 456 
 364 
 884 
 315 
 724 
 707 
 720 
 688 
 680 
 648 
 632 
 
 382 
 281 
 380 
 379 
 
 349 
 
 348 
 
 347 
 
 352 
 
 1176 
 
 366 
 
 A.D. 
 
 264 
 
 743 
 
 477 
 489 
 489 
 490 
 
 493 
 794 
 
 20 Octavianus arrives from Apollonia — 
 
 and Antony conclude peace with Sextus Pom- 
 prepares to invade Sicily — 
 — at war with the Illyrians and Pannonians — 
 
 campaign in Dalmatia — 
 
 passes through Athens and Asia, on his return 
 
 to Italy — 
 
 9 Odessus on the Euxine founded by the Milesians — 
 
 11 CEnophyta, battle of, gained by Myronides over the 
 
 Boeotians — 
 
 13 Olympia, battle of, at the time of the games — 
 4 Olympiad of Iphitus, in which Lycurgus concurred — 
 
 14 Olympias captured and put to death by Cassander — 
 6 Olympic games, — the SiavXos added — 
 
 6 the 7rd\tj and nevra0ov — 
 
 6 the 56A('xo? — 
 
 7 ■ the irtxiit] — 
 
 7 the quadriga — 
 
 8 the irafKpdTiov and KeXri? — 
 
 8 — — — — the 5p6yuo9 and viXn wataiv — 
 
 13 Olynthian war, first campaign, — Phcebidas seizes the 
 
 Cadmea — Teleutias marches to Olynthus — 
 
 13 second campaign. — Teleutias slain — 
 
 13 third campaign. — Death of Agesipolis — 
 
 13 finished by Polybiades — 
 
 14 first embassy to Athens, — Chares sent to Olyn- 
 thus with 2,000 mercenaries — 
 
 14 second year, — Charidemus sent with auxiliaries 
 
 14 Olynthus taken by Philip, with several towns in Chal- 
 
 cidicae and Thrace — 
 
 13 Onomarchus defeated by Philip — 
 
 3 Orestes reigns in Argos — 
 
 13 Oropus seized by the exiles — 
 
 26 Odenatus king of Palmyra governs the Eastern empire 
 for Gallienus — 
 
 35 Odillon duke of Bavaria defeated by Pepin and Car- 
 
 loman — 
 
 30 Odoacer forms an alliance with Euric king of the Visi- 
 goths — 
 
 30 first defeat at Aquilea by Theodoric — 
 
 30 second defeat at Verona by Theodoric — 
 
 30 final defeat by Theodoric — 
 
 30 surrenders to Theodoric, and is assassinated at 
 
 Ravenna — 
 
 36 Offa introduces the tax of Peter pence into Mercia — 
 40 Olga princess of Russia baptised. — The era of Christian- 
 ity in Russia 
 
 N° 
 
 33 Omar, caliph, mortally wounded in the mosque at Me 
 
 dina by a Persian slave 
 35 Ommyiades, fall of the, — caliph Merwan defeated and 
 
 killed by Abu Moslem in Egypt — 
 
 53 O'Neil earl of Tyrone surrenders at discretion — 
 
 54 Opdam, admiral, defeated by the duke of York — 
 57 Opium, introduction of, interdicted in China — 
 
 55 Orange, prince of. elected stadtholder — 
 47 Order of the Garter instituted — 
 54 Orange, prince of, lands at Torbay — 
 57 Orders in Council issued to counteract the Berlin decrees 
 
 38 Ordonno I. king of Oviedo takes Salamanca by storm 
 
 39 Ordonno II. king of Leon defeats Abderahman, and 
 
 takes Talavera by storm — 
 
 39 defeats Abderahman at St. Peter de Gormuz — 
 
 39 defeated at Val Junquera — 
 
 57 Osnaburg united to Hanover — 
 
 25 Osrhcene, conquest of, by the Romans — 
 
 53 Ostend taken by the marquis Spinola — 
 
 21 Ostorius, expedition of — 
 28 Ostrogoths repulsed on the Danube by Theodosius — 
 33 Oswald king of Northumberland killed in battle with 
 
 Penda king of Mercia ■ — 
 
 22 Otho the emperor defeated at Bedriacum — 
 39 Otho duke of Saxony declines accepting the Imperial 
 
 crown — 
 
 39 Otho I. defeats the Sclavonians, and makes Boleslas 
 
 duke of Bohemia tributary — 
 
 40 drives Berenger II. and Adalbert out of Italy 
 
 40 defeats the Sclavonians in Saxony — 
 
 40 crowned Emperor of the West by pope John 
 
 XII. — 
 
 40 Otho II. subdues the Bohemians — 
 
 40 defeated at Basentello — 
 
 40 massacres his chief nobility at a banquet to 
 
 which he had invited them — 
 
 defeated by the Greeks and Saracens in Calabria 
 
 A.D. 
 
 40 - 
 
 41 Otho III. poisoned by the widow of Crescentius 
 
 48 Otterburn, battle of, between Hotspur and Douglas — 
 55 Oudenarde, battle of, gained by Marlborough and 
 
 Eugene — 
 43 Ouriquez, battle of,— the Saracens defeated by count 
 
 Alfonso — 
 
 53 Overbury, murder of Sir Thomas, divulged — 
 
 49 Owen Glendour raises a rebellion in Wales — 
 
 9 Panathenaea instituted at Athens — 
 
 8 Pansetius becomes tyrant of Leontium — 
 
 5 Pandosia and Metapontum in Italy founded ■ — 
 15 Panormus surrenders to the Romans — 
 
 7 Pantaleon king of Pisa participates in the second Mes- 
 
 senian war ■ — 
 
 8 celebrates the Olympic games — 
 
 15 Papirius Cursor erects the first sun-dial in Rome — 
 
 18 Papirius Carbo is routed by the Cimbri, who spread 
 
 themselves over Transalpine Gaul — 
 
 6 Parion founded according to Eusebius — 
 20 Parthian war. — Disastrous retreat of Antony — 
 
 19 ended — 
 
 13 Peace of Antalcidas.— Corinth and Argos separated, 
 
 Evagoras and Cyprus excluded — 
 
 13 Peace between Corinth, Phlius. and Thebes — 
 
 14 Peace between Philip of Macedon and the Athenians — 
 6 Pekah slain by Hoshea — 
 
 12 Peloponnesian war — 
 
 12 truce for a year — 
 
 3 Pelops in Pisatis — 
 
 3 Penthilus, Eolic migration under — 
 
 14 Perdiccas, death of, at the Nile — 
 
 8 Periander mediates between Athens and Mytilene — 
 
 11 Pericles enters into public life at Athens 
 
 11 - 
 
 12 - 
 12 - 
 
 his campaign at Sicyon 
 
 begins to have the sole power in Athens 
 
 invests Samos by land and by sea, — surrender 
 
 of Samos 
 death of 
 
 — 955 
 
 12 - 
 
 17 Perseus of Macedon endeavours to re-establish an alli- 
 ance with the Achaeans — 
 
 17 declines giving audience to the Roman ambas- 
 sadors — 
 
 — 644 
 
 750 
 1602 
 1665 
 1832 
 1747 
 1348 
 1688 
 1807 
 
 862 
 
 914 
 
 916 
 
 921 
 1802 
 
 216 
 
 1606 
 
 47 
 
 386 
 
 642 
 69 
 
 91 
 
 950 
 951 
 957 
 
 962 
 977 
 980 
 
 981 
 
 982 
 
 1002 
 
 1388 
 
 1708 
 
 1139 
 1615 
 1401 
 
 B.C. 
 
 566 
 608 
 774 
 254 
 
 672 
 
 644 
 293 
 
 113 
 
 708 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 
 387 
 366 
 346 
 738 
 431 
 423 
 1283 
 1124 
 321 
 606 
 469 
 454 
 444 
 
 440 
 429 
 
 174 
 
 173 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 B.C. 
 — 171 
 
 17 Perseus sends ambassadors to Rome for peace 
 
 17 abandons Dium,and entrenches himself on the 
 
 banks of the Enipus — 169 
 
 12 Persia and Sparta. First treaty between — 412 
 
 12 Second treaty between — 412 
 
 12 Third treaty between — 411 
 
 11 Persian armament, the first, under Mardonius — 492 
 
 11 the second, under Datis and Artaphernes — 490 
 
 13 Persian and Cyprian war of ten years — 385 
 17 Petillius the consul slain by the Ligurians > — 176 
 
 12 Phaeax sent to Sicily by the Athenians — 422 
 9 Phalaris of Agrigentum, accession of, according to Eu- 
 
 sebius — 570 
 
 10 death of — 549 
 
 13 Pharnabazus with Conon ravages the coasts of Pelo- 
 
 ponnesus — 393 
 
 20 Pharnaces, war with and defeat of — 47 
 
 15 Pharos of Alexandria built — 284 
 20 Pharsalia, battle of,— flight and death of Pompey — 48 
 
 7 Phaselis in Pamphylia founded — 690 
 
 5 Phidon king of Argos reigns — 783 
 
 6 celebrates the eighth Olympic games — 748 
 
 7 Phigalia taken by the Lacedaemonians — 659 
 20 Philippi, first battle of, — death of Cassius — 42 
 20 second battle of,— death of Brutus — 42 
 
 13 Philip of Macedon defeats Argaeus at Methone, makes 
 
 peace with Athens, reduces Paeonia, and subdues the 
 
 Illyrians — 359 
 
 takes Amphipolis — 358 
 
 besieges I'agasse and Methone — 353 
 
 invades Thrace and Scythia — 342 
 
 engaged in the siege of Selymbria — 340 
 
 raises the sieges of Perinthus and Byzantium 339 
 
 chosen general of the Amphictyons — 338 
 
 assassinated at Mgse — 336 
 
 14 Philip Aridaeus put to death by Olympias > — 317 
 
 16 Philip V. of Macedon defeated at Chios by Attalus and 
 
 the Rhodians — 201 
 
 17 besieges Abydos — 200 
 
 17 dismisses the Roman ambassador Emilius — 200 
 
 defeated by the consul Sulpiciiis near Octolopum 199 
 
 defeats the iEtolians, who now declare for the 
 
 Romans 
 
 remonstrates against the reductions proposed 
 
 — 199 
 
 17 - 
 
 by Metellus 
 
 17 Philopoemen abrogates the laws of Lycurgus 
 
 17 put to death by the Messenians — 
 
 17 Philosophers and rhetoricians are prohibited at Rome 
 13 Phlius surrenders to Agesilaiis — 
 10 Phocians settle in Gaul — 
 
 13 seize Sicily — 
 
 14 Phocian or sacred war ends — 
 14 Phocion in Eubcea, gains the battle of Tamynae against 
 
 Callias and Taurosthenes — 
 
 14 death of — 
 
 8 Phraortes king of Media slain by the Assyrians — 
 
 15 Picentians and Romans, war between - — 
 15 conquest of, completed by the consul Sempro- 
 
 nius — 
 
 9 Pisistratus first usurps the govenment of Athens — 
 9 his first exile from Athens — 
 
 10 second tyranny of, at Athens — 
 
 10 his second exile from Athens — 
 
 10 his third tyranny at Athens — 
 
 10 death of — 
 
 10 Pisistratidae expelled from Athens — 
 
 18 Piso the consul is sent against Numantia — 
 18 defeats the servile army at Messana — 
 
 8 Pittacus overthrows the tyranny of Melanchrus — 
 
 9 governs Mytilene for ten years — 
 
 12 Plague at Athens — 
 
 12 a second time at Athens — 
 
 10 Plataea puts itself under the protection of Athens — 
 
 11 battle of, — Mardonius defeated and slain by 
 
 Pausanias — 
 
 attempted by the Thebans — 
 
 besieged by Archidamus — 
 
 restored in consequence of the measures of 
 
 12 
 
 12 - 
 
 13 - 
 
 Agesilaiis with the Thebans 
 5 Polychares of Messenia victor in the Olympic games 
 10 Polycrates at Samos, usurpation of 
 
 185 
 188 
 183 
 161 
 379 
 539 
 357 
 346 
 
 350 
 317 
 634 
 269 
 
 268 
 560 
 554 
 548 
 547 
 537 
 527 
 510 
 135 
 133 
 611 
 589 
 430 
 426 
 519 
 
 479 
 431 
 429 
 
 386 
 764 
 532 
 
 N° 
 
 10 Polycrates of Samos at war with the Lacedaemonians ■ 
 
 10 put to death by Oraetes satrap of Sardis 
 
 13 Polydamis of Thessaly comes to Sparta 
 
 18 Pompey, birth of 
 
 19 — 
 19 - 
 19 — 
 19 — 
 19 — 
 19 - 
 19 - 
 
 opposes Carbo on the part of Sulla — 
 
 puts Carbo to death in Sicily — 
 
 expedition into Africa — 
 
 carries on the war against Sertorius — 
 
 defeats the Pirates — 
 
 dethrones Antiochus Asiaticus — 
 
 hastens to Pontus on advice of renewed prepa- 
 rations by Mithridates — 
 
 19 returns to Italy — 
 
 19 sole consul — 
 
 20 takes measures against Caesar — 
 
 14 Pontius the Samnite general refuses to receive the 
 
 hostages consuls sent from Rome — 
 
 17 Popilius the consul gains a victory over the Ligurians — 
 
 18 conducts the Celtiberian war — 
 
 18 is routed by the Numantines — 
 
 14 Porus defeated by Alexander — 
 
 16 Posthumius defeated and slain in Gaul — 
 
 12 Potidea surrenders, — the siege having cost Athens 2,000 
 
 talents — 
 
 14 Proclamation by Alexander's letter for the return of the 
 
 exiles — 
 
 8 Proclus tyrant of Epidaurus is cotemporary with Peri- 
 
 ander — 
 
 8 Prusias founded according to Eusebius — 
 
 15 Ptolemy Philadelphus is associated in the sovereignty 
 
 by his father Soter — 
 
 15 Ptolemy Ceraunus slain by the Gauls — 
 
 19 Ptolemy Apion king of Cyrene leaves his dominions to 
 
 the Romans 
 
 11 Publilian law of Volero, the second great charter of 
 
 Roman liberty — 
 
 15 Punic war. the first — 
 
 16 ■ end of the first — 
 
 16 the second — 
 
 16 end of the second — 
 
 18 the third, Carthage besieged — 
 
 18 end of the third — 
 
 17 Pydna, battle of, — Perseus defeated by the consul Emilius 
 
 12 Pylos, occupation of — 
 15 Pyrrhus expelled from Macedon by Lysimachus — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 525 
 
 522 
 375 
 106 
 83 
 82 
 81 
 74 
 67 
 65 
 
 64 
 62 
 52 
 50 
 
 320 
 173 
 139 
 138 
 326 
 216 
 
 429 
 
 324 
 
 624 
 
 626 
 
 285 
 280 
 
 — 96 
 
 passes into Italy 
 
 passes into Sicily 
 
 leaves Sicily. His fleet is dispersed by the 
 
 Carthaginians on his way to Italy — 
 
 defeated by the consul Curius at Beneventum, 
 
 embarks for Epirus — 
 
 death of — 
 
 15 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 9 Pythian games first celebrated at Delphi 
 
 469 
 264 
 241 
 218 
 202 
 149 
 146 
 168 
 425 
 287 
 280 
 278 
 
 29 Pagan religion finally extinguished about this time — 
 
 33 Papal power, commencement of, by the concessions of 
 
 Phocas — 
 
 47 Papal court removed to Avignon by Clement V. 
 
 48 restored from Avignon to Rome by Gregory XI. 
 
 51 Papal supremacy in England abrogated by Parliament 
 31 Paris made the capital of France by Clovis — 
 
 57 second peace of — 
 
 54 Parliament at Oxford, — 'The Expedient' fails — 
 
 56 Parliament prorogued to Jan. 3, but it met on Dec. 13 
 
 56 Parliamentary reports in the newspapers finally esta- 
 
 blished — 
 
 54 Party distinctions, Whig and Tory, arise 
 29 Passage of the Rhine by the Vandals under Godesil and 
 
 Gunderic — ■ 
 
 52 Passau, treaty of, — liberty of conscience secured to the 
 
 German protestants — 
 
 34 Paulicians, or disciples of St. Paul, rise of — 
 39 Pavia reduced to ashes by the Hungarians — 
 51 battle of, gained by Charles V., Francis I. 
 
 taken prisoner — 
 
 50 Pazzi, conspiracy of the, — assassination of Giulio, and 
 
 escape of Lorenzo de Medici — 
 
 57 Pedro, Don, abdicates the throne of Portugal — 
 
 57 death of — 
 
 57 Peltier, M., found guilty of a libel upon Bonaparte — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 34 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 57 
 
 21 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 22 
 22 
 23 
 23 
 85 
 25 
 2.3 
 26 
 26 
 27 
 27 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 31 
 45 
 51 
 31 
 56 
 25 
 55 
 55 
 35 
 38 
 
 56 
 47 
 45 
 
 32 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 47 
 21 
 
 56 
 
 23 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 55 
 56 
 29 
 
 22 
 
 36 
 57 
 
 37 
 
 41 
 44 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 A.D. 
 
 Pepin d'Heristal now governs all France — 687 
 
 Pepin le Bref proclaimed king of the Franks — 752 
 
 enforces the cession of Ravenna to Stephen II. 755 
 
 besieges and takes Narbonne — 759 
 
 unites Aquitaine to France — 768 
 
 Percival, Mr, assassinated in the lobby of the House of 
 
 Commons — 1811 
 Perennis sacrificed by Commodus at the instigation of 
 
 the British legions — 186 
 Perkin Warbeck acknowledged as Duke of York by the 
 
 duchess of Burgundy — 1492 
 
 received by the king of Scots — marries the 
 
 daughter of lord Huntley, and invades England — 1496 
 
 found plotting with lord Warwick in the Tower, 
 
 is executed, and the earl beheaded — 1499 
 
 Persecution of the Christians — The 1st — 64 
 
 The Ilnd — 95 
 
 The Illrd — 107 
 
 The IVth — 118 
 
 The Vth — 202 
 
 The Vlth 235 
 
 The Vllth — 250 
 
 The VHIth — 257 
 
 The IXth — 272 
 
 The Xih — 303 
 
 Persian war with Rome — Shahpoor and Constantius — 337 
 Persian war between Shahpoor and Tiranes king of 
 
 Armenia — 365 
 Persia, treaty of Peace between Ardisheer and Theo- 
 
 dosius — 384 
 Persians, the, defeated by the Roman general Philip- 
 
 picus — 589 
 
 Persia and Syria, invasion of, by the Saracens — 632 
 
 Persia, conquest of. by the Saracens — 651 
 
 Persia invaded by Zingis Khan — 1218 
 
 Peter the Great visits England incognito — 1698 
 
 Petra, siege of, by Dagistheus — 549 
 
 Philadelphia evacuated by the king's troops — 1778 
 
 Philip the Arabian defeated and killed near Verona — 249 
 
 Philip V. of Spain abdicates the throne — 1724 
 
 resumes the crown ■ — 1724 
 
 Philippicus Bardanes assassinated ■ — 713 
 Photius patriarch of Constantinople deposed, and the 
 
 Iconoclasts anathematized — 869 
 
 Pierson, Major, killed at St. Helier — 1781 
 
 Piers, Gaveston, beheaded at Warwick castle — 1312 
 Pisans, the, arrest the prelates in the Genoese gallies 
 
 on their way to the council at Rome — 1241 
 
 Piso, conspiracy and death of — 65 
 Pistes, edict of— every castle constructed without license 
 
 to be rased before Aug. 1 — 864 
 Placentia, battle of, Berenger defeated by Rodolf king 
 
 of Burgundy — 922 
 Plague of Florence depopulates all Europe — 1349 
 Plautius and Claudius proceed on an expedition to Bri- 
 tain — 43 
 Plassey, battle of, Surajah Dowlah defeated by Colonel 
 
 Clive _ 1757 
 Pliny proconsul of Bithynia writes concerning the 
 
 Christians to Trajan — 102 
 Poitiers, battle of, John II. king of France taken 
 
 prisoner — 1356 
 
 Poland. — Christianity introduced about this time — 966 
 
 Double election to the crown divides Europe 1733 
 
 First partition of — 1772 
 
 Pollentia, battle of, Alaric defeated by Stilicho.— Bold 
 
 retreat of Alaric — 403 
 Pompeii and Herculaneum destroyed by an eruption of 
 
 Vesuvius — 79 
 
 Pontificate finally separates from the Eastern empire 800 
 
 Poor Law Amendment Bill introduced — 1837 
 Pope Leo IV. defeats the Saracens at the mouth of the 
 
 Tiber _ 847 
 Pope Leo IX. leagues with the two emperors against 
 
 the Normans in Sicily — 1049 
 Pope Alexander II. mediates between Henry II. and 
 
 Louis VII. — 1161 
 Pope Paul V. and the Venetians, high disputes between 1605 
 interdicts the oath of allegiance by the catho- 
 lics of England — 1606 
 Pope's nuncio formally received at Windsor — 1687 
 
 N° A. D. 
 
 55 Porteous, captain, executed at the sign post by the mob 
 
 at Edinburgh — 1736 
 
 55 Porto Bello taken by admiral Vernon — 1739 
 
 54 Portsmouth, dss. of, sent by Louis XIV. to secure the 
 
 French interest — 1670 
 
 50 Portuguese first double the Cape and sail to the East 
 
 Indies — 1497 
 
 57 Pottinger, major, and his troops massacred at Khoord 
 
 Cabul Pass — 1842 
 
 55 Pragmatic sanction confirmed by a diet of the empire 1732 
 55 violated by all but England on the death of 
 
 the emperor Charles VI. — 1740 
 
 53 Prague, battle of, — Elector Palatine loses his dominions 1620 
 
 53 peace of — 1635 
 
 55 taken by assault by the Bavarians — 1741 
 
 56 Pratt, L. C. J. decides against general warrants 
 
 56 Prayers for the royal family in the catholic chapels the 
 
 first time since 1688 — 
 
 57 Princess Charlotte, marriage of, to Prince Leopold — 
 
 57 death of — 
 
 28 Priscillian bishop of Avila executed for heresy — 
 
 26 Probus delivers Gaul from the invasion of the Germans 
 
 26 assassinated by his army — 
 
 28 Procopius, revolt of, against Valens — 
 
 53 Proclamation by K. Charles I. enforcing residence of 
 
 landholders upon their estates — 
 
 57 Property-tax repealed — 
 
 53 Prynne Bastwick and Burton pilloried by the Star 
 
 Chamber — 
 
 55 Pulteney, William, struck off the list of Privy Council 
 
 55 sinks in popularity as Earl of Bath — 
 
 55 Pultowa, battle of,— defeat of Charles XI I. — 
 
 53 Puritans side with the people. Arminians declare for 
 
 the king — 
 
 1767 
 1816 
 1817 
 385 
 277 
 282 
 363 
 
 1632 
 1816 
 
 1637 
 1731 
 1742 
 1709 
 
 1622 
 
 B.C. 
 
 12 Quaestores Classici at Rome thrown open to the 
 
 Commons — 418 
 
 A.D. 
 
 28 Quadic and Sarmatian war with Valentinian I. — 374 
 
 55 Quadruple alliance between the Emperor, England, 
 
 France, and the States General — 1718 
 
 56 Quebec, battle of,— general Wolfe killed — 1759 
 
 56 Queen Charlotte 110 guns blown up near Leghorn — 1800 
 
 57 Queen Caroline's trial abandoned — 1820 
 
 57 death of — 1821 
 
 21 Quintilius Varus totally defeated by Arminius and 
 
 slain — 9 
 
 8 Red Sea, navigated by the Phoenicians by order of Neco 
 
 20 Reformation of the calendar under the revision of 
 
 Sosigines — 
 
 15 Regulus lands in Africa — 
 15 defeated and taken prisoner by Zantippus - 
 
 16 pleads in the senate for war 
 
 B.C. 
 604 
 
 46 
 256 
 255 
 250 
 
 13 Return of the ten thousand— they enter the service of 
 
 Seuthes king of Thrace — 
 
 12 Revolt of Eubcea and Megara.— Eubcea recovered by 
 
 Pericles — 
 
 14 Revolt of the Thebans on the reported death of Alex- 
 
 ander. — Thebes destroyed _ — 
 
 6 Rhegium colonized by the Messenians under Alcidamidas 
 
 — 400 
 
 445 
 
 taken and restored to the old inhabitants 
 founded according to Varro 
 
 Rome 
 
 founded according to Cato 
 
 founded according to Polybius 
 
 — founded according to Fabius Pictor — 
 
 — founded according to Cincius — 
 
 — and Veii, war between — 
 
 — and Veii, peace between — 
 
 — and Veii, war between • — 
 
 — burnt by the Gauls — 
 
 — and Samnium. war between — 
 
 — and Samnium, peace between — 
 
 — and Latins at War — 
 14 Romans defeated by the Samnites at the Furcae Cau- 
 
 dinae 
 
 1-1 
 
 Samnites 
 
 under Papirius gain a decided victory over the 
 
 335 
 749 
 271 
 753 
 751 
 750 
 747 
 728 
 481 
 472 
 435 
 388 
 342 
 340 
 339 
 
 321 
 
 309 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 15 Romans and Carthage, league between 
 
 15 - 
 
 15 - 
 
 15 - 
 
 become masters of all Italy 
 
 first prepare a fleet 
 
 take 114 Carthaginian ships. The Roman fleet 
 
 destroyed by a tempest — 
 
 complete 220 ships in three months — 
 
 lose their fleet a second time — 120 ships 
 
 destroyed 
 
 desist from naval expeditions — 
 
 again resolve on naval preparations — 
 
 lose every ship by storm, and again abandon 
 
 the sea 
 
 again prepare a fleet — 
 
 at war with the Falisci — 
 
 at war with the Boii and Ligurians — 
 
 threaten Carthage with war, but desist — 
 
 their forces nearly 800,000 men — 
 
 their legions first pass the Po — 
 
 make peace with Macedon — 
 
 grant peace to Carthage — 
 
 subdue the Insubres and the Boii — 
 
 first pass the Alps — 
 
 17 Roman consuls enter upon their office on January 1 — 
 
 18 Roman power extends to the Pyrennees — 
 14 Roxana taken by Alexander " — 
 
 19 Rutilius the consul mortally wounded in an ambush — 
 
 29 Radagaisus defeated by Stilicho in the heights of Fiesole 
 53 Raleigh, Sir Walter, beheaded — 
 
 55 Ramillies, battle of, gained by Marlborough over 
 
 Mareschal Villeroy 
 44 Ranulph de Glanville digests the civil law about this 
 
 time — 
 
 37 Ragnar Lodbrog sails up the Seine and pillages Paris 
 51 Ravenna, battle of, — Gaston de Foix killed — 
 
 51 Reformation in Scotland begins, — Patrick Hamilton 
 
 suffers at St. Andrews — 
 
 52 contest between Mary of Guise and ' the lords 
 
 of the congregation' — 
 
 56 Reform in parliament: Mr. Pitt's first motion in office 
 
 56 Mr. Grey's first motion — 
 
 57 Bill introduced — 
 
 57 Bill passed — 
 
 56 Regency question on the king's severe illness — 
 
 55 Regent duke of Orleans gives notice of a conspiracy 
 
 in favour of the Pretender — 
 
 55 dies — 
 
 56 Registration bill, for births, deaths, &c. thrown out by 
 
 the lords ■ as being of dangerous tendency' — 
 
 57 Repeal meetings interdicted in Ireland — 
 
 48 Restoration of the Greek language in Italy by Manuel 
 
 Chry Solaris 
 
 33 Retford, battle of, — Ethelfrith king of Bernicia defeated 
 and killed by Edwin of Deira — 
 
 49 Reunion of the Ottoman empire — 
 
 56 Revolution Society of 1688 congratulate the National 
 
 Assembly — 
 
 57 Revolution in France, in Belgium, and in Poland — 
 59 Revolutionary Period and French Empire 1789- 
 
 B.C. 
 
 279 
 264 
 260 
 
 255 
 254 
 
 253 
 253 
 251 
 
 249 
 243 
 241 
 2^8 
 236 
 225 
 223 
 204 
 201 
 196 
 154 
 153 
 118 
 327 
 90 
 
 A.D. 
 
 406 
 1618 
 
 - 1706 
 
 1180 
 
 845 
 
 1512 
 
 1528 
 
 1559 
 1785 
 1793 
 1831 
 1832 
 1789 
 
 1722 
 1723 
 
 1753 
 1843 
 
 — 1390 
 
 617 
 1421 
 
 1789 
 1830 
 -1815 
 
 •»• The events of this Period are so much within the memory of most 
 readers as scarcely to require an alphabetical distribution iu an Index 
 already sufficiently extended. 
 
 44 Richard Coeur de Lion and Philip Augustus meet at 
 Vezelai on their way to Palestine — 
 
 44 defeats Saladin at Jaffa — 
 
 44 ■ insults Leopold of Austria at the siege of Acre 
 
 44 is driven by storm upon Austria's dominions 
 
 and sold to the emperor Henry 
 
 returns to England and makes war upon France 
 
 and Philip Augustus suspend their hostilities 
 
 mortally wounded by Bertram de Guerdon — 
 
 1190 
 1191 
 1191 
 
 1192 
 1194 
 1197 
 1199 
 1257 
 461 
 1780 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 
 46 Richard earl of Cornwall crowned king of the Romans 
 
 30 Ricimer reigns, de facto, in the name of Libius Severus 
 
 56 Riots in London incited by lord George Gordon — 
 
 57 pending the arrest of Sir Francis Burdett by the 
 
 sergeant-at-arms — 1810 
 
 55 Ripperda, duke de, arrested in the British ambassador's 
 
 house at Madrid — 1726 
 
 52 Rizzio, David, murder of — 1566 
 
 42 Robert Guiscard drives the Saracens out of Italy — 1058 
 
 N° 
 
 4 Robert duke of Normandy dies in Cardiff Castle — 
 47 Robert Bruce crowned king of Scots at Scone — 
 
 53 Rochelle surrenders to Louis — 
 
 56 Rodney, Sir George, defeats Langara and relieves 
 
 Gibraltar — 
 
 56 defeats Count de Grasse — 
 
 41 Rodolf of Aries bequeaths his kingdom to Conrad the 
 
 Salique — 
 
 39 Rollo the Norman converted to Christianity and created 
 
 duke of Normandy — 
 
 39 abdicates Normandy in favour of William 
 
 Longsword — 
 
 29 Roman legions finally leave Britain — 
 
 32 Roman senate, the, cease to exist about — 
 31 Roman consulship abolished by Justinian — 
 
 33 Romans, the, defeated in Italy by the Lombards — 
 39 Romanus Lecapenus driven by his sons into exile — 
 
 41 Romanus III. Argyrus, drives the Saracens out of Syria 
 
 42 Romanus IV. Diogenes, defeated and deposed by Alp 
 
 Arslan — 
 
 28 Rome, conversion of, from Paganism — 
 
 29 first siege by Alaric — 
 
 29 second siege by Alaric — 
 
 29 third siege and sack by Alaric — Alaric evacu- 
 ates Rome — Death of Alaric — 
 
 30 sacked by the Vandals — 
 
 30 sacked by the Goths — 
 
 31 surrendered by Vitiges to Belisarius — 
 
 31 besieged by the Goths — 
 
 31 besieged and taken by Totila — 
 
 31 recovered by Belisarius — 
 
 31 again taken by Totila — 
 
 32 conquest of, by Narses — 
 
 37 — invasion and sack of, by the Moors and Sara- 
 
 cens of Africa 
 
 taken by the emperor Henry IV. 
 
 taken by assault, — the duke de Bourbon killed 
 
 surrendered to Commodore Trowbridge — 
 
 42 - 
 
 51 - 
 
 56 - 
 
 36 Roncesvalles, battle of, and death of Rolando — 
 
 48 Rosebeque, battle of,— the Flemings defeated by the 
 
 duke of Burgundy — 
 
 52 Rouen surrenders, — king of Navarre killed — 
 
 52 Rousillon. edict of, restricting the concessions to the 
 
 protestants in the edict of Amboise — 
 
 54 Royal assent refused by William III. to a bill touching 
 
 the freedom of speech in parliament — 
 
 47 Royal forests enacted to be perpetual — 
 
 53 Rupert, prince, takes Bristol by storm — 
 
 53 surrenders Bristol — 
 
 54 Russell, William lord, beheaded — 
 38 Russia, — the first naval expedition against Constan- 
 tinople — 
 
 38 conversion of, to the Greek church — 
 
 39 second naval expedition against Constantinople 
 
 39 third naval expedition against Constantinople 
 
 41 fourth naval expedition against Constantinople 
 
 41 invades Poland, but is repelled by Boleslas I. 
 
 52 first intercourse with England — 
 
 57 Austria and Prussia recal their ambassadors 
 
 from Madrid ■ — 
 
 54 Rye House Plot — 
 
 54 Ryswick, peace of, — king William III. acknowledged 
 
 by Louis XIV. — 
 
 11 Salamis, battle of, — victory of Themistocles — 
 
 15 Sallentines and Sarcinates subdued — 
 
 18 Saluvii, the, subdued by Sextius Calvinus — 
 
 6 Samaria besieged for three years — 
 
 6 taken by Shalmaneser — 
 
 14 Samnite war, the first — 
 
 14 the second — 
 
 14 Samnites submit to the consul Sulpicius and become 
 
 subject to Rome _ — 
 
 15 Samnium, Lucania, and Bruttium finally submit to 
 
 Rome — 
 
 16 Sardinia conquered by the Romans — 
 
 16 revolts and is again invaded — 
 
 16 a third time invaded — 
 
 16 a fourth time invaded — 
 
 16 and Corsica reduced to a province — 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 No B. C. 
 
 8 Sardis taken by the Cimmerians — 635 
 
 10 taken by Cyrus, — Croesus taken prisoner — 546 
 
 14 Satricum recovered by the Romans under Papirius — 319 
 19 Saturninus, sedition of — 100 
 18 Scaurus the consul subdues the Carni at the Pennenine 
 
 Alps — H5 
 
 18 defeated by the Cimbri — 108 
 
 15 Scipio, descent of, upon Corsica and Sardinia — 259 
 
 16 Scipios, the two, Laevinus and Scsevola, in Spain — 213 
 
 16 killed in Spain — 212 
 
 16 Scipio Africanus sent into Spain — 211 
 
 16 takes Carthago Nova — 210 
 
 16 makes a league with Syphax — 206 
 
 16 and Masinissa treat at Gades — 206 
 
 16 now consul, passes into Sicily — 205 
 
 16 sends Laelius into Africa, who there confers 
 
 with Masinissa — 205 
 
 16 lands in Africa, and is joined by Masinissa — 204 
 
 17 grants six months' truce to the yEtolians — 190 
 
 17 retires to Liternum in disgust — 187 
 
 18 Scipio iEmilianus takes Carthage, — the city demolished 146 
 
 18 joined in Spain by Jugurtha — 134 
 
 18 death of — 129 
 
 18 Scordisci, the, are forced by the consul Drusus to repass 
 
 the Danube — 112 
 
 19 Scribonius succeeds Claudius in Macedonia — 75 
 8 Scythians, irruption of, in Asia — 634 
 8 expelled from Asia by Cyaxares — 607 
 
 Scyros taken by Cimon — 476 
 
 Sea-fight between the Corinthians and Corcyreans — 664 
 
 between the Corinthians and Corcyreans — 435 
 
 bstween Evagoras of Cyprus and the Persians 385 
 
 Seleucidae, era of, begins — 312 
 
 end of their dynasty — 65 
 
 Seleucus murdered by Ptolemy Ceraunus — 280 
 
 Seleucus defeated by Antiochus Pius, is burnt alive — 93 
 
 Selinus in Sicily founded by Pamillus of Megara Hyblaea 628 
 Sellasia, battle of, — Cleomenes defeated by Antigonus 
 
 Doson — 222 
 
 Sennacherib invades Judea — 713 
 
 death of, — revolt of the Medes — 711 
 
 Septuagint version of the Old Testament made about 
 
 this time — 284 
 
 Sertorius retires to Spain — 83 , 
 
 war of, in Spain — 78 
 
 opposed by Metellus and Pompey — 76 
 
 slain, — end of the war in Spain — 72 
 
 Servile war in Sicily ended by the consul Rupilius — 132 
 
 the second — 102 
 
 Servilianus the consul sent into Spain against Viriathus 142 
 
 besieges Erisane, but is repulsed by Viriathus, 
 
 peace ensues — 141 
 
 Servilius and Sempronius the consuls sail to Africa — 253 
 
 Servilius the proconsul sent against the pirates of Cilicia 77 
 
 subdues the Isaurians — 75 
 
 Sestos, siege of, by the Athenians — 479 
 
 deserted in the night by its Persian garrison, 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 20 
 20 
 3 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 and surrendered — 478 
 Sextius the consul defeats the Salluvian Gauls near 
 
 Aquse Sextise — 124 
 
 Sicily usurped by Agathocles — 317 
 
 Sidonians, besieged by the Persians, burn their city — 351 
 
 Silanus defeated by the Cimbri — 109 
 
 Silver first coined at Rome — 269 
 
 Simon gets possession of the citadel of Jerusalem — 142 
 Sinope in Asia Minor founded by Coiis and Critines of 
 
 Miletus — 629 
 
 Sitalces king of Thrace, his alliance with Attica — 431 
 
 marches against Perdiccas king of Macedon — 429 
 
 death of — 424 
 
 Sextus Pompeius, war with, renewed — 35 
 
 death of — 35 
 
 Smyrna founded — 1015 
 Social war, — siege of Chios by Chares and Chabrias, 
 
 Chabrias slain — 357 
 
 second campaign, — siege of Samos by the con- 
 federates — 356 
 
 third campaign, — Chares sent to the relief of 
 
 — 355 
 
 Samos, but sails for the Hellespont 
 
 peace with the confederates promoted by Eu- 
 
 bulus 
 
 — 355 
 
 N° 
 
 16 Social war, commencement of — 
 
 19 Social or Marsian war excited by Drusus — 
 
 19 ended — 
 
 14 Sogdiana, subjugation of, by Alexandria — 
 
 9 Solon, legislation of — 
 
 20 Sossius takes Jerusalem — 
 13 Sparta, congress at, — Thebes excluded from the treaty 
 19 Spartacus at war with Rome — 
 
 12 Sphacteria invested and surrendered to Cleon — 
 
 13 Sphodrias attempts the Piraeus of Athens — 
 1 1 Spurius Cassius the consul makes a league with thirty 
 
 cities of the Latins — 
 
 1 1 makes a league with the Hernicans, and carries 
 
 the Agrarian law — 
 
 1 1 ■ trial and death of — 
 
 12 Spurius Melius put to death at Rome for imputed con- 
 
 spiracy — 
 
 7 Stagira in Macedonia founded — 
 18 Sulla, birth of 
 
 18 - 
 
 19 - 
 
 quaestor to Marius — 
 
 receives the ambassadors of Arsaces on the 
 
 19 
 
 banks of the Euphrates 
 
 takes Stabiae by storm. 
 
 He returns to Rome 
 
 to obtain the consulate 
 
 19 procures the banishment of Marius — 
 
 19 defeats Archelaiis at Orchomenus in Boeotia — 
 
 19 passes into Asia — 
 
 19 lands at Brundusium — 
 
 19 enters Rome. Is made dictator — 
 
 19 abdication of — 
 
 19 death of — 
 
 15 Sulpicius takes several gallies from Hannibal off Sardinia 
 6 Sybaris founded — 
 
 16 Syphax engaged by the Scipios against Carthage — 
 
 16 defeated with great loss by Masinissa — 
 
 16 secedes from the Roman interest — 
 
 16 defeated and captured — 
 
 6 Syracuse founded by Archias of Corinth — 
 
 12 battle at — 
 
 12 siege of — 
 
 19 Syria reduced to a Roman province — 
 
 21 St. Stephen, martyrdom of — 
 
 21 St. Paul, conversion of — 
 
 22 shipwrecked at Malta — 
 
 22 St. Peter and St. Paul, martyrdom of — 
 
 28 St. Athanasius, death of — 
 
 28 St. Martin of Tours destroys the idols in his diocese — 
 50 St. Alban's, first battle of,— duke of Somerset killed, 
 
 king Henry prisoner — 
 
 50 second battle of, gained by the Lancastrians — 
 
 52 St. Denis, battle of,— the constable Montmorency killed 
 50 St. Pol, constable de, delivered up to Louis XL by the 
 
 duke of Burgundy, and beheaded — 
 
 50 St. Aubin, battle of, by the lady of Beaujeu, — the duke 
 
 of Orleans taken prisoner — 
 
 52 St. Quintin taken by the duke of Savoy against the con- 
 stable Montmorency — ■ 
 
 55 SacheverelFs political sermon preached at St. Paul's — 
 
 56 Sackville, lord George, broke by court martial — 
 44 Saladin defeated before Jerusalem — 
 
 44 takes Jerusalem — 
 
 39 Salamanca, battle of, — Abderahman defeated by Ramiro 
 
 king of Leon — 938 
 
 51 Salisbury, Margaret countess of, the last of the Planta- 
 
 genets, beheaded — 1541 
 
 34 Saracen fleet destroyed before Constantinople by the 
 
 Greek fire of Callinicus — 
 
 35 Saracens in Spain. — Their first descent by Gebel al Tarik 
 55 Saragossa, battle of, gained by Charles of Spain over 
 
 Philip V. — 
 
 26 Saturninus revolts against Probus in the East — 
 
 28 Saxons established in maritime Gaul — 
 
 29 descent of the, into Britain — 
 
 36 revolt of the, against Charlemagne, and thirty 
 
 B.C. 
 
 220 
 
 90 
 
 88 
 
 328 
 
 594 
 
 38 
 
 372 
 
 73 
 
 425 
 
 378 
 
 491 
 
 484 
 483 
 
 436 
 654 
 138 
 107 
 
 92 
 
 89 
 
 85 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 258 
 
 722 
 
 213 
 
 213 
 
 204 
 
 203 
 
 734 
 
 415 
 
 414 
 
 65 
 
 A.D. 
 
 36 
 37 
 61 
 66 
 373 
 389 
 
 1453 
 1461 
 1567 
 
 1475 
 
 1488 
 
 1557 
 1709 
 1760 
 1177 
 1187 
 
 years war — 
 
 42 defeated at Neustadt by the emperor Henry IV. 
 
 57 Scinde, Ameers of, defeated by Sir C. Napier — 
 
 27 Scots and Picts, their inroad into Britain — 
 
 21 Sejanus, tall and death of — 
 
 673 
 710 
 
 1710 
 279 
 371 
 449 
 
 772 
 1075 
 1843 
 
 343 
 31 
 
 
 1 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 24 Seleucia, sack and conflagration of, by the Romans — 
 
 54 Senef, battle of, between the Prince of Orange and the 
 
 Prince of Conde — 
 
 55 Septennial Act passed — 
 28 Serapis, destruction of the temple of, at Alexandria — 
 
 56 Seringapatam stormed, — dismemberment of Mysore — 
 
 43 Seven Counts, battle of the, — Alfonso VI. defeated at 
 
 Ucles by the Saracens 
 
 54 Seven naval battles between England and Holland in 
 
 thirteen months — 
 
 56 Seven years' war — 
 
 25 Severus penetrates to the northern extremity of Scot- 
 
 land — Caledonian war 
 25 builds the wall across Britain from the Firth 
 
 of Forth — 
 
 30 Severus, the emperor, poisoned by Ricimer — 
 
 55 Seville, treaty of, between Great Britain, France, and 
 
 Spain — 
 
 51 Seymour, admiral lord, beheaded — 
 
 54 Shaftesbury, indictment for treason against, ignored — 
 
 54 lord, withdraws to Holland — 
 
 55 Sheriffimuir, battle of, between the duke of Argyll and 
 
 the Earl of Marr — 
 
 53 Ship-money, first writ for — 
 
 55 Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, lost on the rocks of Scilly — 
 
 37 Sicily subdued by the Saracens of Africa 
 
 38 - 
 42 - 
 
 44 - 
 
 conquered by the Arabs 
 
 conquered by Roger de Hauteville 
 
 thirty years' peace between the Greeks and 
 
 Normans 
 
 subdued by the emperor Henry VI. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 165 
 
 1674 
 
 1716 
 
 389 
 
 1799 
 
 — 1108 
 
 1652 
 1756 
 
 — 208 
 
 209 
 465 
 
 1729 
 1549 
 1681 
 1682 
 
 1715 
 1634 
 1707 
 827 
 878 
 1090 
 
 1156 
 
 1194 
 
 359 
 
 359 
 
 360 
 
 1403 
 
 1453 
 
 21 
 
 551 
 
 44 - 
 
 28 Shahpoor II. king of Persia invades Mesopotamia — 
 
 28 besieges and captures Amida — 
 
 28 takes Singara and Bezabde in Mesopotamia — 
 
 49 Shrewsbury, battle of, — Hotspur killed — 
 
 50 Shewsbury, earl of, and his son slain at Chatillon — 
 21 Silius subdues the Gauls who had revolted — 
 32 Silk introduced into Europe from China — 
 39 Simances, battle of,— Abderahman defeated by Ramiro 
 
 king of Leon — 938 
 
 27 Singara, battle of, Constantius defeated by Shahpoor 
 
 king of Persia — 348 
 
 56 Sinking fund adopted — 1786 
 
 57 first applied to the Supplies — 1813 
 
 27 Six Roman emperors at one time — 309 
 
 56 Slave trade, abolition of, first debated — 1788 
 
 47 Sluys, the French fleet destroyed at, by king Ed- 
 ward III. — 1340 
 
 56 Smith, Sir Sidney, taken prisoner off the coast — 1796 
 24 Smyrna destroyed by an earthquake — 177 
 30 Soissons, battle of, — Syagrius defeated by Clovis — 486 
 55 congress at, — the Spaniards notwithstanding 
 
 continue their reprisals — 1728 
 
 51 Solway Moss, battle of, — James V. king of Scots mor- 
 
 tally wounded • — 1542 
 
 54 Solebay, battle of, — Earl of Sandwich blown up — 1672 
 
 52 Somerset, protector duke of, beheaded — 1552 
 
 55 South-sea bubble at its height, June, July — 1720 
 46 Southern China conquered by the Moguls — 1279 
 52 Spain and Portugal, union of, by Philip II. — 1580 
 
 52 Spanish Armada defeated — 1588 
 
 53 Spaniards defeated in Ireland by lord Mountjoy — 1601 
 53 Spain and the United Provinces, twelve years' truce 
 
 between — 1609 
 
 53 Spanish match, preliminaries of — 1620 
 
 53 — broken off by the intrigues of Buckingham — 1623 
 
 54 Spanish monarchy, first partition treaty of — 1698 
 54 second partition treaty of — 1700 
 
 57 Spain, peace with, their prisoners clothed and sent 
 
 home — 1808 
 
 53 Speaker of the House of Commons forcibly held in the 
 
 chair pending a protest — 1629 
 
 46 Spires, battle of, by Albert of Austria, — the emperor 
 
 Adolphus killed — 1298 
 
 51 Spurs, battle of, gained by Henry VIII. at Terrouenne 1513 
 
 54 Stafford, viscount, beheaded — 1680 
 43 Standard, battle of the, David king of Scotland defeated 
 
 at Northallerton — 1138 
 
 50 Stanley, Sir William, accused by Clifford and beheaded 1495 
 
 56 State trials for constructive treason, failure of — 1794 
 
 51 Statute of ' tne Six Articles' enacted — 1539 
 
 N° A.D. 
 
 46 Statute of mortmain enacted — 1279 
 
 54 Steenkirk, battle of, between William III. and the 
 
 duke of Luxemburg — 1692 
 
 43 Stephen, king, produces the pope's letter of succession 
 
 to the barons . — 1136 
 
 43 captured at Lincoln, is exchanged for the earl 
 
 of Gloucester 
 
 retires to Wilton, but his quarters being beaten 
 
 43 - 
 
 up by Gloucester, he escapes by night 
 
 28 Stilicho, military command of 
 
 29 beheaded by Heraclian at the 
 
 385 
 instance of 
 
 Honorius 
 33 Suintilla the Visigoth drives the Greeks out of Spain 
 
 33 Sufetula in Africa, victory of the Saracens by Ab- 
 
 dallah — 
 
 47 Surrender of Calais to king Edward III. — 
 
 51 Surrey, Henry earl of, beheaded — 
 
 34 Sussex subdued by Ceadwal and united to Wessex — 
 56 Sweden, revolution in — 
 41 Sweyn's last invasion of England, 1014. — His death — 
 47 Swiss Cantons, their independence established — 
 54 Sydney, Algernon, beheaded — 
 34 Syracuse besieged and destroyed by the Saracens — 
 45 Syria invaded by the Carizmians — 
 
 1 1 Tanagra, battle of, gained by the Lacedaemonians over 
 
 the Athenians — 
 
 12 action at, gained by Nicias, who ravages the 
 
 coast of Locris — 
 
 15 Tarentines surprise the Roman fleet — 
 
 15 Tarentine war with Rome begins — 
 
 6 Tarentum in Apulia founded — 
 
 15 fall of — 
 
 6 Telestes king of Corinth slain by Arieus and Perantas 
 
 13 Teleutias captures ten Athenian ships on their way to 
 
 Cyprus — 
 
 12 Temple of Juno burnt at Argos — 
 
 16 Teuta queen of Illyria procures the murder of an am- 
 
 bassador from Rome — 
 
 20 Thapsus, battle of, gained by Csesar over Scipio and 
 
 Juba — 
 
 6 Thasos founded according to Dionysius — 
 
 6 founded according to Xanthus — 
 
 11 revolts from Athens — 
 
 3 Theban war, the first — 
 
 3 the second — 
 
 13 Thehans enter Peloponnesus — 
 
 11 Themistocles, Ostracism of — 
 11 seeks protection at the court of Persia — 
 
 5 Theopompus king of Sparta institutes the Ephori — 
 
 12 Theramenes, death of — 
 3 Theras, migration of — 
 
 11 Thermopylae, battle of, and death of Leonidas — 
 
 1 1 Theron of Agrigentum, death of — 
 
 12 Thespiae destroyed by the Thebans — 
 3 Thessali, the, occupy Thessaly — 
 
 13 Thimbron commands in Asia, — Dercyllidas supersedes 
 
 Thimbron — 
 
 12 Thirty tyrants in power at Athens for eight months — 
 
 12 Thrasybulus occupies Phyle — 
 
 13 slain at Aspendus — 
 
 12 Thrasyllus enters Lydia — 
 
 6 Thyrea, war in — 
 
 17 Tiberius Gracchus ends the war in Sardinia — 
 
 18 sedition and death of — 
 
 19 Tigranes defeated, — Tigranocerta taken by Lucullus — 
 19 king of Armenia surrenders to Pompey — 
 
 17 Time measured by water at Rome, the invention of 
 
 Scipio Nasica — 
 
 13 Timocrates, mission of, into Greece — 
 
 14 Timoleon, expedition of, — he gains Syracuse — 
 
 14 defeats the Carthaginians at the river Cremesus 
 
 13 Timotheus returning from Corcyra lands the exiles at 
 
 Zacynthus — 
 
 13 appointed to oppose Mnasippus, is super- 
 seded by Iphicrates — 
 
 13 repulsed at Amphipolis by the Olynthians — 
 
 11 Tolmides, campaign of — 
 
 8 Tomi, a Milesian colony settled — 
 
 18 Toulouse plundered by the consul Caepio — 
 
 1141 
 
 1143 
 
 -487 
 
 408 
 624 
 
 648 
 1347 
 1547 
 
 686 
 1772 
 1015 
 1308 
 168 J 
 
 670 
 1243 
 
 B.C. 
 
 457 
 
 426 
 
 282 
 281 
 708 
 272 
 
 747 
 
 390 
 423 
 
 230 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 III. 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 13 Trial of Iphicrates and Timotheus 
 19 Triarius defeated by Mithridates 
 
 19 Triumvirate, the first, — Caesar, Pompey, Crassus 
 
 20 the second, — Octavianus, Antony, Lepidus 
 
 3 Trojan expedition 
 
 3 Troy, fall of 
 
 6 Tyre besieged by Shalmaneser 
 
 9 taken by Nebuchadnezzar 
 
 14 taken by Alexander 
 
 46 Tagliocozzi, battle of,— Charles of Anjou defeats Con- 
 
 radin, who is beheaded — 
 
 45 Taillebourg, battle of,— king Henry III. and the count 
 
 de la Marche defeated by Louis the Saint _ — 
 
 56 Tallyrand, correspondence with, closed by lord Grenville 
 32 Teia, defeat and deatli of, by Narses at Cumae, near 
 
 Naples — 
 
 43 Tenechbray, battle of, — Robert duke of Normandy taken 
 
 prisoner by Henry I. — 
 
 54 Test Act,— duke of York refuses the Test — 
 26 Tetricus defeated by Aureliati near Chalons — 
 
 47 Teutonic Order, knights of, settle in Prussia — 
 50 Tewkesbury, battle of, — king Henry in the sequel mur- 
 dered 
 
 55 Theatres placed by Walpole under the control of the 
 
 lord chamberlain — 
 
 55 The ' Great Storm,' — bishop Kidder killed in his palace 
 
 at Wells — 
 
 30 Theodoric, expedition of, into Spain — 
 
 30 defeats Rechiarius on the Ebro — 
 
 28 Theodosius the elder effects the restoration of Britain 
 
 28 repulses the Saxons in an attack upon Britain 
 
 28 recovers Africa — 
 
 28 Theodosius the Great leaves his farm for the Imperial 
 
 throne — 
 
 28 baptism of — 
 
 28 effects the submission of the Goths — 
 
 29 Theodo»ius II. establishes public schools in Constan- 
 
 tinople — 
 
 29 Thecdosian Code published — 
 
 31 abridged by Anien, published by Alaric II. — 
 
 28 Thessalonica, massacre at, — : Penance imposed upon 
 
 Theodosius by St. Ambrose at Milan — 
 
 44 Thomas a Becket made lord chancellor — 
 — made abp. of Canterbury. He resigns the 
 
 B.C. 
 
 351 
 
 67 
 
 60 
 
 43 
 
 1192 
 
 1183 
 
 717 
 
 570 
 
 332 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1268 
 
 1241 
 
 1800 
 
 553 
 
 1106 
 
 1673 
 
 271 
 
 1331 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 great seal 
 
 repents his assent to the king's demands 
 
 excommunicates the partisans of the council 
 
 44 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 48 Timour, reign of 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 conquers Turkistan 
 conquers Persia 
 conquers Kipzak 
 wars against Bajazet 
 
 invades Syria and sacks Aleppo 
 
 sacks Damascus 
 
 of Clarendon 
 
 and king Henry reconciled. — Assassination of 
 
 Becket — 
 
 31 Thorismund defeated and killed by the Moors — 
 
 21 Thrace becomes a Koman province — 
 
 21 Tiberius adopted by Augustus. — His first campaign in 
 
 Germany — 
 
 21 second campaign in Germany — 
 
 21 third campaign — 
 
 21 again sent into Germany; crosses the Rhine, 
 
 and ravages the country — 
 
 retires to Gaul . — 
 
 finally leaves Rome for Caprea — 
 
 33 Tingatana in Africa taken by the Goths — 
 
 21 Tiridates king of Parthia, elevation and fall of — 
 
 27 Tiridates king of Armenia, death of — 
 
 55 Tirlemont, lines of, forced by the duke of Marlborough 
 41 Togrul Beg defeats the Gasnevides, and subdues Persia 
 
 30 Tolbiac, battle of, — defeat of the Allemanni by Clovis — 
 
 31 Totila the Goth invades Italy, and seizes Tuscany and 
 
 Naples — 
 
 32 defeat and death of, by Narses at Tagina — 
 
 50 Towton, battle of, — queen Margaret defeated by king 
 
 Edward IV. — 
 
 49 Troyes, treaty of, between Henry V. and Charles VI. — 
 
 — 1471 
 
 1737 
 
 1703 
 456 
 456 
 367 
 368 
 373 
 
 379 
 
 380 
 382 
 
 425 
 438 
 506 
 
 390 
 1162 
 
 1162 
 1164 
 
 1166 
 
 1170 
 
 522 
 
 46 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 10 
 11 
 26 
 1370 
 1383 
 1393 
 1396 
 1400 
 1400 
 1401 
 617 
 36 
 342 
 1705 
 1039 
 496 
 
 543 
 
 552 
 
 1461 
 
 1420 
 
 N° 
 
 57 Trafalgar, victory of, and deatli of lord Nelson • — 
 
 23 Trajan grants peace to Decebalus — 
 
 23 reduces Dacia to a Roman province — 
 
 23 erects a bridge over the Danube — 
 
 23 passes over to the East. — Parthian war — 
 
 23 subdues Armenia — 
 
 23 Asiatic provinces revolt from — 
 
 23 Trajan's Column erected at Home — 
 
 23 conquests in the East, loss of — 
 
 35 Transoxiana, conquest of, by the Saracens — 
 
 54 Trevor, Sir John, expelled the House of Commons, the 
 question being put by himself from the chair — 
 
 54 Trial of the seven bishops — 
 
 28 Tribigild the Ostrogoth, rebellion of, and fall of Eutropius 
 
 54 Triple alliance, England, Holland, and Sweden, against 
 
 Louis XIV. — 
 
 55 England, France, and Holland — 
 
 55 Turin, battle of, gained by prince Eugene and the duke 
 
 of Savoy — 
 
 31 Turks in Asia, first appearance of — 
 
 41 invade the Eastern empire — 
 
 48 in Europe, establishment of — 
 
 55 Tuscany, grand duke of, elected emperor of Germany 
 
 as Francis I. — 
 
 14 Umbrian war with the Romans under the consul Fabius 
 28 Union of the Goths with the Huns, Alans, &c. — 
 
 18 Utica, defection of, from Carthage — 
 
 40 Union of the crowns of Germany and Italy — 
 
 49 Union of the Greek and Latin churches — 
 
 54 Union with Scotland proposed upon the basis of epis- 
 
 copacy — 
 
 55 Union with Scotland — 
 57 Union with Ireland — 
 
 56 United States acknowledged by Great Britain — 
 
 52 Utrecht, union of, by William prince of Orange — 
 55 peace of — 
 
 53 Uxbridge, treaty of, fails — 
 
 12 Veii besieged by the Romans 
 20 Ventidius defeats the Parthians 
 5 Victory of Corcebus, the earliest authentic date in Grecian 
 chronology 
 
 17 Villian law, enacting the age required for admission to 
 
 public office — 
 
 18 Viriathus assassinated at the instance of the consul Caepio 
 15 Volsinii subdued by the Romans — 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1805 
 101 
 103 
 104 
 106 
 107 
 116 
 114 
 117 
 710 
 
 1695 
 
 1688 
 
 399 
 
 1668 
 1717 
 
 1706 
 
 545 
 
 1050 
 
 1353 
 
 1745 
 
 B.C. 
 
 308 
 377 
 150 
 
 A.D. 
 
 961 
 1439 
 
 1669 
 1707 
 1801 
 1782 
 1579 
 1713 
 1645 
 
 B.C. 
 
 402 
 38 
 
 - 776 
 
 180 
 140 
 264 
 
 A.D. 
 
 368 
 370 
 375 
 
 442 
 
 28 Valentinian I. passes and fortifies the Rhine — 
 
 28 restrains the avarice of the clergy — 
 
 28 Valentinian II. becomes a colleague with Gratian — 
 
 29 makes peace with Genseric, and cedes the bar- 
 rier towns in Africa — 
 
 28 Valens transports the Goths over the Danube into the 
 
 Roman empire — 376 
 
 26 Valerian defeated and taken prisoner by Shahpoor king 
 of Persia — 
 
 30 Vandals become masters of Sicily — 
 
 54 Vane, Sir Henry, beheaded — 
 30 Venice, its first establishment — 
 
 34 institution of the doges of — 
 
 37 founded on the island of the Rialto — 
 
 48 Venetian fleet surrendered to the Genoese at Chiozza 
 
 49 Vernuil, battle of, — the French defeated by the duke 
 
 of Bedford — 
 
 56 Versailles, peace of — 
 
 52 Vervins, peace of, between France and Spain — 
 
 22 Vespasian enters Judea, and subdues Galilee — 
 
 55 Victor Amadeus abdicates the crown of Sardinia — 
 28 Victories of the Huns over the Goths — 
 55 Vienna, treaty of, between Spain and the emperor — 
 55 second treaty of, Great Britain guarantees the 
 
 Pragmatic Sanction 
 55 peace of, France guarantees the Pragmatic 
 
 Sanction to the Emperor 
 55 Vigo taken by Sir George Rooke — 
 
 260 
 454 
 
 1662 
 452 
 697 
 809 
 
 1380 
 
 1424 
 1783 
 1598 
 67 
 1730 
 375 
 1725 
 
 1731 
 
 1740 
 1702 
 
III. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLES 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D. 
 
 N° 
 
 A.D 
 
 55 Villa Viciosa, battle of, gained by count Staremberg over 
 
 
 43 William, prinee, son of king Henry I. shipwrecked off 
 
 
 the French and Spaniards — 
 
 1710 
 
 Barfleur ■ — 
 
 11211 
 
 53 Villiers, George, sworn of the Privy Council — 
 
 1615 
 
 43 William Cliton, earl of Flanders, killed at the siege of 
 
 
 53 duke of Buckingham, shot by Felton — 
 
 1628 
 
 Alost — 
 
 1125 
 
 35 Vincy, battle of, gained by Charles Martel — 
 
 717 
 
 52 William prince of Orange assassinated — 
 
 1584 
 
 22 Virginius declines the Roman empire — 
 
 68 
 
 54 William III. king, protests against Louis XIV. at the 
 
 
 22 death of — 
 
 97 
 
 • Hague — 
 
 1691 
 
 29 Visigoths expel the Alans, and extend their dominion 
 
 
 56 Wilkes, John, elected member for Middlesex — 
 
 1765 
 
 in Spain — 
 
 417 
 
 56 expelled the House of Commons — 
 
 170« 
 
 31 Vitalianus the Goth assassinated by order of Justin — 
 
 520 
 
 43 Wimsberg, battle of, — war-cry of the Guelphs and Ghi- 
 
 
 31 Vitiges king of the Visigoths reduces Milan and Genoa 
 
 538 
 
 bellines — 
 
 114C 
 
 31 ■ taken prisoner at the surrender of Ravenna by 
 
 
 44 Winchester, treaty of, — Henry of Normandy named 
 
 
 Belisarius 
 
 539 
 
 heir to the crown — 
 
 115: 
 
 31 Voiron, battle of, — Clodomir defeated and killed by 
 
 
 38 Wilton, battle of, — the Danes conquer Mercia 
 
 875 
 
 Gondemar — 
 
 524 
 
 34 Winwidfield, battle of,— Penda of Mercia defeated by 
 
 
 31 Vouille, battle of, near Poitiers, — Alaric killed by Clovis 
 
 
 Oswy of Northumberland — • 
 
 65J 
 
 in single combat — 
 
 507 
 
 27 Wisumer king of the Vandals defeated, and the Sarma- 
 
 
 
 
 tians expelled — 
 36 Witikind and Alboin submit to Charlemagne, and the 
 
 334 
 
 
 
 50 Wakefield, battle of,— duke of York beheaded — 
 
 1460 
 
 Saxons are baptised — 
 
 78J 
 
 57 Walcheren, disastrous expedition to — 
 
 1809 
 
 51 Wolsey, Thomas, made dean of Lincoln — 
 
 150S 
 
 47 Wallace, Sir William, betrayed by Sir John Monteith 
 55 Walpole, Robert, premier — 
 
 1304 
 
 51 ilio of Y^orlc receive i cxrciiii'il " li'tt 
 
 151 = 
 
 1721 
 
 51 cardinal, sole legate — 
 
 1511 
 
 55 Walpole, lord, son of Sir Robert, made auditor of the 
 exchequer — 
 
 
 
 153( 
 1724 
 
 1739 
 
 55 Wood's halfpence cause a ferment in Ireland 
 
 55 Walpole, Sir Robert, outvoted at Chippenham, resigns 
 
 1742 
 
 54 Worcester, battle of — 
 
 165 
 
 42 Waltheof earl of Northumberland suffers for misprision 
 
 
 52 Wyat, Sir Thomas, rebellion of — 
 
 1554 
 
 of treason — 
 
 1076 
 
 
 
 34 Wamba the Visigoth defeats the Saracens in Spain, and 
 
 
 
 
 burns their flotilla — 
 
 675 
 
 33 Yermuk, battle of, between the Greeks and Saracens — 
 
 63( 
 
 32 Wanborough, battle of, — Ceawlin king of Wessex de- 
 
 
 34 Yezdejird III. king of Persia, flight and assassination of 
 
 65 
 
 feated by his nephew Ceolric — 
 
 591 
 
 49 York, duke of, puts down a rebellion in Ireland. He 
 
 
 48 War of the Jacquerie in Fiance — 
 
 1358 
 
 now aspires to the crown - — 
 
 144$ 
 
 50 of 'the Public Good' in France incited by the 
 
 
 54 York, duke of, withdraws to Brussels — 
 
 1671 
 
 duke of Burgundy — 
 
 1465 
 
 54 recalled to the council 
 
 168' 
 
 54 between England and Holland — 
 
 1652 
 
 55 Young Pretender lands in Scotland — 
 
 174. 
 
 54 between England and Spain — 
 
 1656 
 
 55 arreted and forciblv carried out or rrancc 
 
 174! 
 
 1702 
 1744 
 
 42 Yussef ben Taxfin called from Africa by the Saracens, 
 obtains all Mahomedan Spain — 
 
 
 do against r ranee anu opain ——. 
 55 declared against France — 
 
 109' 
 
 56 with Spam — 
 
 56 with France intimated by a royal message to 
 
 1762 
 
 
 B. C 
 
 
 
 parliament — 
 
 1793 
 
 16 Zama, battle of, — Hannibal defeated by Scipio 
 
 20f 
 
 57 Wardle, colonel, moves charges of malversation against 
 
 
 5 Zechariah slain by Shallum, Shallum slain by Menahem 
 
 771 
 
 the duke of York — 
 
 1809 
 
 9 Zedekiah, captivity of — 
 
 58; 
 
 56 Warren Hastings, impeachment against, by Edmund 
 Burke — 
 
 1786 
 
 
 A.D 
 
 
 
 56 acquitted — 
 
 1795 
 
 45 Zara, siege of, reduced by the Crusaders for the republic 
 
 
 57 Waterloo, battle of, — fall of Napoleon — 
 
 1815 
 
 of Venice — 
 
 1205 
 
 48 Wat Tyler killed by William Walworth — 
 
 1381 
 
 26 Zenobia queen of Palmyra revenges the death of Ode- 
 
 
 53 Wentworth, Sir Thomas, imprisoned for refusing to aid 
 
 
 natus, and reigns over the East — 
 
 20' 
 
 the loan — 
 
 1627 
 
 26 defeated and captured at Edessa by Aurelinn 
 
 275 
 
 53 earl of Stafford beheaded — 
 
 1641 
 
 41 Zoe the empress poisons Romanus III. and raises Mi- 
 
 
 30 Western empire, fall of, and deposition of Augustulus 
 
 476 
 
 chael IV., whom she marries, to the throne — 
 
 1034 
 
 53 Westphalia, peace of — 
 
 1648 
 
 41 on the death of Michael IV. raises Michael 
 
 
 49 Wickliffe's books condemned by the university of Oxford 
 
 1409 
 
 Calaphates to the throne — 
 
 104 
 
 41 William the Conqueror, birth of — 
 
 1027 
 
 41 J- dethrones Calaphates, and raises Constantine 
 
 
 42 ■ wounded at the sieye of Gerberoi by his son 
 
 
 Monomachus, whom she marries, to the throne — 
 
 1045 
 
 prince Robert — 
 
 1077 
 
 52 Zutphen, battle of, — death of Sir Philip Sidney — 
 
 158< 
 
 ] 
 
 LRRJ 
 
 LTUM. 
 
 
 N° 30.— The Battle of Tolbiac has inadvertc 
 
 ■ntly been twice inserted, A. D. 490 and 496. 
 
 
 The latter date is that of Gib! 
 
 >on, Rise and Fall, iii. 563, 4to. 
 
 
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