QL 
 
 551 
 
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 856 
 
 Blatchley, Willis Stanley. 
 
 j| A catalogue of the butterflies 
 if known to occur in Indiana.
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY, IRVINE 
 
 BUITE W * OF 
 
 * 
 
 BLATCH LEIV
 
 (From the Seventeenth Report on the Geology and Natural History 
 of Indiana, pp. 365-4O8). 
 
 A CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BUTTERFLES 
 
 KNOWN TO 
 
 Occur in Indiana. 
 
 BYW.S. BLATCHLEY,A. M. 
 
 BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, TEEEE HAUTE HIGH SCHOOL, 
 TEEEE HAUTE, INDIA X A. 
 
 -^i 1 8 9 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS: 
 
 WM. B. BURFORD. LITHOGRAPHER, PRINTER AND BINDEF 
 
 1892.
 
 gst
 
 A CATALOGUE OF THE BUTTERFLIES KNOWN TO 
 OCCUR IN INDIANA. 
 
 BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, IND. 
 
 So far as can be ascertained no attempt has heretofore been made to 
 catalogue the Diurnal Lepidoptera, or Butterflies, found in Indiana. 
 Quite a number of persons have collected in various counties of the 
 State, yet, as far as known, but two local lists have been published. 
 One, "A List of the Butterflies of Decatur County, Indiana," by "W. 
 P. Shannon, was read by title before the Academy of Science, at Indi" 
 anapolis, in December, 1887, and hectograph copies were afterward dis- 
 tributed by the author. The list contained the names of forty species, 
 taken in the county mentioned. The other list was prepared by the 
 present writer, and published in the Hoosier Naturalist, of November 
 and December, 1886, under the title of "Some Southern Indiana But- 
 terflies." It contained the names of, and brief notes concerning, fifty- 
 three species taken in Monroe and Brown counties. Since 1886 the 
 writer has collected more or less each season in various parts of the 
 State, especially in Putnam, Wabash and Vigo counties, where a num- 
 ber of interesting and rare species have been taken. During my study 
 of butterflies I have often felt the need of a catalogue of those species 
 known to occur in the State, and believing that such a work would be 
 of some value to future collectors, the present paper has been prepared. 
 It comprises 108 species that have been taken within the boundaries of 
 the State no species being included except upon good authority. Of 
 these, 81 are in the writer's collection, and were taken in the. counties 
 above mentioned, or in Lagrange, Kosciusko or Montgomery counties. 
 
 The remaining 27 species are in the collections of W. H. Edwards, of 
 Coalburg, West Virginia ; S. G. Evans, of Evansville, Indiana ; C. E. 
 Worthington, of Chicago, Illinois ; or Geo. C. Hubbard, of Madison, 
 Indiana. Mr. Edwards, who is one of the leading authorities upon but- 
 terflies in the United States, has received specimens from several persons 
 in the State, chief among whom are the late Dr. G. M. Levette, of Indi- 
 anapolis, and W. C. Gallager, of Ross, and he kindly furnished me a 
 list of those in his collection from Indiana.
 
 Mr Evans has one of the finest private collections in the State, and 
 has taken several species in Vanderburgh County, which have not been 
 taken elsewhere within our limits, among them the large and beautiful 
 Argynnu diana. Mr. Worthington has collected extensively in Lake 
 County, where many rare species occur, and his list and notes have 
 added materially to the value of the catalogue. To the above named 
 gentlemen, as well as to a number of others from whom information was 
 derived, which is duly acknowledged in the proper places, my especial 
 thanks are due. 
 
 It will be seen that the counties mentioned, in addition to those of 
 Gibson, Randolph and Fayette, from which lists have been received, 
 represent fairly well all portions of the State ; yet twenty-three addi- 
 tional species are given in Mr. Edward's Catalogue of the Butterflies of 
 North America, whose range includes or approaches Indiana, but which, 
 as far as known, have not been taken within our limits, and, therefore, 
 are not included in the present catalogue. Moreover, ihe known distri- 
 bution within the State of a number of the species taken is much more 
 limited than it should be ; hence additions to the catalogue, as well as 
 information with regard to extension of range within the State, are 
 earnestly requested and will be duly acknowledged. 
 
 To make the catalogue as valuable as possible to future collectors, not 
 only has the known range of each species within the State been given, 
 but also its favorite place of resort and the season at which it is most 
 abundant, together with any other information regarding variation or 
 habits which it was thought would be of interest. Prof. G. H. French 
 in his manual of "The Butterflies of the Eastern United States," has 
 treated of the habits of the larvae of most of the species, but has said but 
 little about the habits of the mature insects. To the student of Indiana 
 butterflies this catalogue will perhaps serve as an accessory to French's 
 work, and hence little or nothing is said of the larvae. 
 
 The nomenclature adopted is that of Edward's "Revised Catalogue 
 of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico," published in 
 the Transactions of the American Entomological Society for 1884. The 
 number in parenthesis before each name is that of the species in the 
 catalogue cited. 
 
 Finally, I have thought it best to include the synonymy of each of 
 the species which is treated of in the works which the student of Indiana 
 butterflies will be most likely to possess and to which I have had access 
 in preparing the eatalogue. Those works are the following : 
 
 Edwards, W. H. "Butterflies of North America." Volumes I 
 and II. 
 
 French, G. H." Lepidoptera, or Butterflies and Moths," in the. 
 Seventh Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, 1878. The But- 
 terflies of the Eastern United States, 1886.
 
 Harris, Dr. T. W. A Treatise on some of the Insects Injurious to 
 Vegetation. Third Edition, 1862. (Of the 54 species of butterflies 
 described in this most excellent work, 51 have been found in Indiana.) 
 
 Mead, T. L. "Report upon the Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera," 
 in the Report of the Wheeler Survey, V. 1875. 
 
 Morris, J. G. Synopsis of the Described Lepidoptera of North 
 America, 1862. 
 
 Packard, A. S. Guide to the Study of Insects, Eighth Edition, 1883. 
 
 Riley, 0. V. Report of the Entomologist, in the United States Agri- 
 cultural Report, for 1883. 
 
 Scudder, Samuel H. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States 
 and Canada. Volumes I, II and III. 1889. (Volume III contains 
 the plates ) 
 
 Thomas, Cyrus H. " Cabbage Insects ; " in the Ninth Report of the 
 State Entomologist of Illinois, 1880. 
 
 Wood, J. G. "Insects at Home," 1873. 
 
 Blatchley, W. S. "Some Indiana Butterflies," in Indiana Farmer, 
 Vols. 21 and 22. 
 
 "Some Southern Indiana Butterflies," in Booster Naturalist, Novem- 
 ber and December, 1886. 
 
 PAPIIAOKE. 
 PAP1LIO, Linnseus. 
 
 1. (1.) PAPILIO AJAX, L. Ajax Butterfly. The Zebra Swallow-tail. 
 PapUioajax, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 8, 351. (Form ivakhii, 
 
 Edw.) 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1871, pis. 1, 2, 3. (All 
 
 forms.) 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 135. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 84. (All forms.) 
 Blatchley, Indiana Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Iphiclides ajax, Scudder, But, E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 1264; 
 
 III, pis. 15, 26, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 Papilio marcellns, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 9. (Form marcdlm, 
 Bd.;
 
 The three forms, irafe/m, Edw ; telamonides, Feld., and marcellus, Bd., 
 are doubtless found throughout the State. All have been taken by the 
 writer in Monroe and Vigo counties. Of the three, marcellus is much (he 
 more common, walshii being comparatively scarce, though Edwards, loc. 
 cit. p. 9, says " that Dr. G. M. Levette has taken it abundantly in the 
 month of April near Indianapolis." The food plant is pawpaw. The 
 butterfly frequents open woods and winters in chrysalid. 
 
 2. (2.) PAPILIO PHILENOR, L. The Philenor Butterfly. The Blue 
 
 Swallow-tail. 
 Papilw phileiwr, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 6. 
 
 French, Seventh Kept. State En to. of 111., 1878, 
 
 136. 
 
 Id., But., E. LI. S,, 1886, 86, figs. 11, 12, 13. 
 Packard, Guide to Study of Insects, 8th ed., 
 
 1883, 248. 
 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Lcertias phttenvr, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can , 1889, II, 
 
 1241 ; III, pis. 16, 26, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 Throughout the State. The larvae are said to feed upon the different 
 species of Aristolochia, or pipe vine, but the plants of that genus are rare 
 in Indiana, whereas the butterfly is a common one, hence there must be 
 some other food plant. Found from May 1, to September 20, in 
 open woods and pastures. According to Riley, another food plant of the 
 larvae is Asarum canadense, or wild ginger, a common plant on rich hill- 
 sides in Indiana. 
 
 3. (12.) PAPILIO ASTERIAS, Fab. The Asterias Butterfly. The 
 
 Black Swallow-tail. 
 Papilio asterids, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 5. 
 
 Harris, Insects Injur. to Veg., 3d Ed., 1862, 
 
 265, PI. IV. 
 French, Seventh Kept. State Ento. of 111., 1878, 
 
 137. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 89. Figs. 14, 15, 16. 
 Packard, Guide 8th Ed., 1883, 245. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm.. Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Papilw polyxenes. Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1353; III, pis. 8, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 This handsome Papilio inhabits all parts of the State, but next to P. 
 cresphontes is the least common member of the genus found with us. Its 
 larva is the well-known carrot or parsnip worm found on the various wild 
 'and cultivated species of Umbelliferce. 
 
 The butterfly is most common in July and August, in open woods, es- 
 pecially those containing thistles. It winters in the chrysalid, the first 
 ones appearing about May 15.
 
 -4. (13.) PAPILIO TROILUS, L. The Troilus Butterfly. The Green 
 
 Clouded Swallow-tail. 
 
 Papilio troilus, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 3d Ed., 266. 
 Morris, Lep. K A., 1862, 5 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. of 111., 1878, 138. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 93. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 247. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 
 Euphceades troilus, Scudder, But, E. U. 8. and Can. , 1889, II, 
 1313 ; III, pis. 8, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 The larvse of this species feed upon the leaves of the sassafras, Sassafras 
 ojficinak, Nees, and the spice bush, Lindera Benzoin, Bl,, and the butter- 
 fly is common wherever those plants are found. There are two broods 
 each season, and the winter is passed in the chrysalis state. 
 
 It frequents roadsides and open pastures in company with P. philenor, 
 and may be taken from May 1 to Oct. 10. 
 
 Specimens are frequently taken which expand four inches, and many 
 have the inner row of spots on upper surface of hind wings obsolete. 
 The orange anal spot of this row is, however, always present. 
 
 5. (15.) PAPILIO TURNUS, L. Tbe Turnus Butterfly. The Tiger 
 
 Swallow-tail. 
 
 Papilio turnus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 268, figs. 97, 98. 
 Morris, Lep/ N. A., 1862, 2. 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. 111., 1878, 139. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 97, figs. 17, 18, 19. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II. 1884, 7, pis. 3, 4, 5. 
 
 (All forms.) 
 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 247. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Jasvniades glaucus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1288; III, pis. 8, 13, 26, 66, 76, 85. 
 Papilio glaucus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 2. 
 
 (Dimor. form glaucus, L.) 
 
 Frequent in all parts of the State from May 15 till October. In May 
 and June it is often seen in the vicinity of streams and along the bor- 
 ders of thickets ; later on it is more abundant about thistle patches 
 in open woods. The larvae feed upon a number of plants, chief among 
 which are : ash, tulip or poplar, cherry, apple, and the various species of 
 Oraetagm or hawthorne. The dimorphic female form, glaucus, L. , is 
 southern in its range, but has been taken in the State as far north as 
 Kosciusko County. It is usually rare where found, no more than one or 
 two specimens having been seen or taken in any one locality, except in 
 the vicinity of Evansville, Vanderburgh County. Of its distribution
 
 6 
 
 there Mr. Evans says: "It is quite common, and presents many curi- 
 ous examples of black and yellow blended and mixed in the same insect. 
 I took one in which the left wing and half body were yellow, and the 
 right, black. I saw another last season that seemed to be equally black 
 and yellow, the two colors being almost evenly distributed over the whole 
 insect. There are about half as many glaucm as turnw in the county." 
 In Indiana turnus is double brooded and winters in the chrysalis. 
 
 6. (20.) PAPILIO CRESPHONTES, Cram. The Cresphontes Butterfly. 
 
 The Giant Swallow-tail. 
 Papilio eresphontes, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 139. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 101, figs. 20, 21, 22. 
 Heradides ffrespkmdes, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 
 
 II, 1334; III, pis. 14, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 Papilio tfwas, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 7. 
 
 This is our largest and rarest Papilio. Its range, as given by Edwards, 
 is " Southern and Western States, but moving east and north " It is re- 
 ported as rare by most of the persons who have sent in lists. During the 
 six years which the writer has collected in the State he has seen but two 
 living specimens, one in Montgomery, the other in Wabash County. 
 The food plants of the larvse, Ptelea trifoliata, L., and. Xanthoxylum 
 Americanum, Mill (Hop tree and Prickly Ash), are not rare in Monroe 
 and Vigo Counties, yet the butterfly has not been seen in either, although 
 a constant outlook has been kept for it. Where found it is usually near 
 streams, and flies swiftly and high in air, thus rendering its capture 
 difficult. 
 
 PIERIN^E. 
 PIERIS, Schrank. 
 
 (35.) PIERIS PROTODICE, Bd.-Lec. The Southern Cabbage But- 
 terfly. The Chequered White. 
 Pieris protodice, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 17, 317. 
 
 Packard, Ninth Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geog. 
 
 Survey, 1877, 750. 
 Id., Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 249. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 141, figs. 
 
 32, 33. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 107, figs. 23, 24, 25. 
 Thomas, Ninth Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1880, 25, 33. 
 Riley, U. S. Agr. Rep., 1883, 114, pi. X, figs. 2, 
 3,4.
 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Id., Hoos. Nat. II, Nov., 1886, 42. 
 Pontia protodice, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1163 ; III, pis. 7, 16, 26, 65, 76, 84. 
 
 The two forms of this species, protodice, Bd.-Lec. and vernalis, Edw., 
 are found all over the State, but they are much less common than P. 
 rapce, L. It has almost the same habits as the latter, but is more often 
 found at a distance from cultivated grounds. It winters in the pupa 
 state, first appearing as imago about April 15, -and may be taken as 
 late as November 1. Food, plants, cabbage, turnip and sweet alyssum. 
 There are three broods each season, and in Vigo County, in the spring 
 of 1891, large numbers of the first brood were seen mating on April 18. 
 
 8. (36.) PIERIS NAPI OLRRACEA-AESTIVA, Harris. The Turnip But- 
 
 terfly. The Gray Veined White. 
 Pontia okracea, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 270, fig. 99. 
 Pieris oleracea, Harris, Morris, Lep N. A., 1$62, 19. 
 Scudder, Morris, loc. cit. , 315. 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. Ill , 1878, 143. 
 Thomas, Ninth Kept. State Ento. 111., 1880, 26. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 249, fig. 182. 
 Riley, U. S. Agr. Kept., 1883, 115, pi. X, fig. 5. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1191 ; III, pis. 7, 13, 26, 65, 76, 84. 
 Pieris napi okracea-aestiva, French, But. E. U. S. , 112. 
 This species of many names is represented sparingly in the northern 
 part of the State by the above named variety, the range of which is 
 given by Edwards as New York to Michigan. 
 
 Specimens in the writer's collection were taken by Mr. A. B. Ulrey 
 in Kosciusko County, in the summer of 1890. Food plants cabbage, 
 turnip, radish, etc. 
 
 9. (38.) PIERIS RAP.E, L. The Cabbage Butterfly. 
 
 Pieris rapce, Packard, Ninth. Kept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey 
 
 of the Terr., 1877, 746, fig. 18. 
 French, Sev. Kept, State Ento. 111., 1878, 144. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 114, figs. 28, 29, 30. 
 Thomas, Ninth Kept. State Ento. Ill,, 1880, 8, 31, 
 
 figs. 1, 2. 
 
 Riley, U. S. Agr. Rept., 1883, 108, pi. I. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 1205; 
 
 III, pis. 7, 16, 65, 76, 84.
 
 8 
 
 Found in large numbers throughout the State, and is our most injurious 
 butterfly, the larvse literally destroying the cabbage crop in many locali- 
 ties. It winters in the pupa state and the first ones appear about April 1 , 
 from which date until heavy frosts it may be taken. It is most abundant 
 in Central Indiana, about July 1, when the second brood appears. In the 
 southern part of the State a third brood appears about September 10, 
 the pupse of which survive the winter. In this country P. rapce is preyed 
 upon by one dipterous parasite, Exoride hirsuta; and by two hymenopter- 
 ous parasites, Pteromalus puparum and Apanieles glomeraius. Sometimes 
 as many as one hundred eggs of one of these parasites are deposited 
 within the body of a single caterpillar, and the number of larvse of 
 P. rapce which they prevent from reaching the perfect state, during a 
 single season, is an enormous one. 
 
 NATHALIS, Boisduval. 
 
 10. (39.) NATHALIS IOLE, Bd. 
 
 Nathalie iok, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 22. 
 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 747. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 116, fig. 31. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 1842. 
 Nathalis Irene, (Fitch), Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 22, 351. 
 This butterfly has been taken only in Jeflersou, Lake and Vander- 
 burgh counties. In the latter Mr. Evans reports it as found only one 
 season in November. Its range as given by Edwards is "Illinois, Mis- 
 souri and westward." Fiod plant of larva unknown. 
 
 ANTHOCHARIS, Boisduval. 
 
 11. (43.) ANTHOCHARIS OLYMPIA, Edw. 
 
 Anthocharui olympia, Edw. But. N. A., II, 1884, 77, pi 16. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 117. 
 SyncMoe olympia, Scudder. But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1844. 
 
 Occurs in small numbers about Whitings, Lake County, during the 
 first half of May, where it has been taken by Mr. Chas. E. Wortbiugton, 
 of Chicago. It frequents cultivated grounds, gardens and meadows. 
 Food plant, unknown. 
 
 12. (53.) ANTHOCHARIS GENUTIA, Fab. The Falcate Orange-tip. 
 
 Anthocharis genutia, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 20. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 83, pi. 17. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 118. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 1147; III, pis. 15, 26, 65, 76, 84.
 
 Vanderburgh County, by Evans. "This pretty species is single 
 brooded and flies in spring. The eggs are laid upon the species of 
 Cardamine and other Cruciferce, but the life history of the larvae is not 
 well known. It flies low and swiftly, with a peculiar tremulous motion, 
 and is readily distinguished from other Pierids by its flight as well as by 
 the conspicuous coloring of the male." EDWARDS, loc. cit. 
 
 CALLIDRYAS, Boisduval. 
 
 13. (54.) CALLIDRYAS EUBULE, Linn. The Danewort Butterfly. 
 
 The Cloudless Sulphur. 
 Callidryas eubule, Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 25. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento. 111., 1878, 147. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 119. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1053 ; III, pis. 15, 25, 65, 76, 84. 
 
 A beautiful butterfly, whose range is southern, and which is reported 
 only from Vanderburgh County, where Mr. Evans takes from one to a 
 half dozen almost every season, in open woods during July and August. 
 Food plant, the different species of Cassia or Wild Senna. 
 
 14. (56.) CALLIDRYAS PHILEA, L. 
 
 Callidryas philea, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 350. 
 
 (Note by W. H. Edwards.) 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 124. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1833. 
 
 A single specimen of the above species has been taken in Jefferson 
 County by Mr. Hubbard. It has been reported heretofore only from 
 Texas, Illinois and Wisconsin. 
 
 COLIAS, Fabricius. 
 
 15. (62.) COLIAS CAESONIA, Stoll. Dog's Head Butterfly. 
 
 Colias caesonia, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 27. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 127, fig. 32. 
 Zer&ne caesonia, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1836. 
 
 This beautiful Colias has been taken only along the western border of 
 the State. It is reported as frequent in Vanderburgh and Lake 
 counties. In Vigo County, in the latter half of October, 1887, three 
 or four specimens were taken from the vicinity of ponds in the Wabash 
 River bottoms, but it has not been seen since. The larvae feed upon 
 clover, and false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L.
 
 10 
 
 The females, which are on the wing in late autumn, have the under 
 side of the hind wings much more deeply suffused with red than do those 
 which fly earlier in the season. 
 
 16. (66.) COLTAS EUKYTHEME, Bd. The Eury theme Butterfly. The 
 
 Orange Sulphur. 
 Colias eurytheme, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 29. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 18H9, 45, pi. 14. 
 
 Id., But. K A., II, 1884, 103, pi. 21. (All 
 
 forms.) 
 
 Mead, Rep, Wheeler Exp., v. 1875, 748. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento. Ill, 1878, 147. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 128. (All forms.) 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, Oct. 9, 1886. 
 Eurymus eurytheme, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1126; III, pis. 15, 25, 65, 76, 84. 
 Colias keewaydin, Edw., But. N. A., I, 1869, 49,-pl. 15. 
 Colias amphidusa, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 29. 
 Colias edusa, Id., loc. cit., 27. 
 Colias chrysotheme, Id., loc. cit., 28. 
 
 The two forms, eurytheme, Bd., and keewaydin, Edw., occur occasion- 
 ally in various parts of the State, but are nowhere common. Keewaydin 
 was taken by the writer in Monroe County, in 1887, and eurytheme in 
 Putnam County in 1890. 
 
 It winters, according to Edwards, in both imago and pupa stage, fre- 
 quents meadows and roadsides, and is most common in July. Food plant, 
 white and buffalo clover. 
 
 ' 17. (68.) COLIAS PHILODIOE, Godt. The Sulphur Yellow Butterfly. 
 Colias philodice, Harris, Ins. luj. to Veg., 1862, 272, figs. 100-102. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 29. 
 French, Sev Rept. State Ento., 111., 1878, 147. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 133. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 250. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 93, pis. 1H, 20. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Oct. 9. 
 Eurymus philodice, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1111; III, pis. 7, 13, 25, 65, 76, 84. 
 
 This is, without doubt, the most common butterfly in the State, being 
 found in abundance from April 10 to November. In May and June 
 they frequent fields of clover, upon which plant the larvje feed, but later 
 on they congregate by hundreds about muddy places in the roads, and 
 along stream?. The white female form is often seen, but is much less 
 common than the yellow.
 
 11 
 
 The species varies greatly, and that young collectors may not look upon 
 some of its forms as distinct species, I quote the following, slightly mod- 
 ified, from Edwar.ds, loc. cit, p. 97: "They vary in size from an ex- 
 panse of 1.3 to 2.6 inches; in color, from pale sulphur to lemon and 
 bright yellow; in the breadth of the black border from .1 to .3 inches; 
 in the size and shape of discal spot on primaries and secondaries ; in the 
 color of the under surface, and in the row of extra discal spots beneath, 
 from a complete series across both wings to none at all." Hibernates 
 usually as pupa, but sometimes as larva. There are three broods each 
 season, the first of which, in Central Indiana, appears about April 25, 
 the other two in the latter half of June and August, respectively. A 
 few individuals have been seen on the wing, in Vigo County, as late as 
 November 5. 
 
 TERIAS, Swainson. 
 
 18. (86.) TERIAS NICIPPE, Cram. The Nicippus Butterfly. The 
 
 Black -bordered Yellow. 
 Terias nicippe, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 33. 
 
 Freuch, Sev. Kept. State Ent. 111., 1878, 148. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 136, fig. 33. 
 Xanihidia nicippe, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, H, 
 
 1066; III, pis. 15, 26, 65, 76, 84. 
 
 Throughout the southern half of the State, but not .seen by the writer, 
 nor reported farther north than Vigo and Fayette counties. Quite fre- 
 quent where found, and especially so in October along sandy banks where 
 the food plants of the larva, the various species of Cassia, or Wild Senna, 
 are abundant. Specimens on the wing have been seen in the city of Terre 
 Haute as late as November 18, and it probably hibernates as a but- 
 terfly. 
 
 19. (90.) TERIAS LISA, Bd.-Lec. The Lisa Butterfly. The Little 
 
 Sulphur. 
 Terias lisa, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 34. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. 111., 1878, 148. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 139. 
 Eurema lisa, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 1087; 
 
 III, pis. 7, 15, 26, 65, 76, 84. 
 
 Although this little Terias is said by French, in the Seventh 111. Re- 
 port, loc. cit., to be "one of the most conc$ butterflies that flits along 
 roads and over moist places during the sufim^r^end fall in Southern Illi- 
 nois," yet in Indiana it has been noted pnlv- jA l)ecatur, Lake and Van- 
 derburgh counties, in the latter of whjch Mr. [Evans takes "a few each 
 season." Food plant, clover and Cassi*,. 
 
 -
 
 12 
 NYMPHALID^E. 
 
 DANAIN.E. 
 DANAIS, LatreiUe. 
 
 20. (94.) DANAIS ARCHIPPUS, Fab. The Milkweed Butterfly. The 
 
 Monarch. 
 
 Danais archippus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 280. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 38. 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ent. 111., 1878, 149. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 144, figs. 36-39. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 251. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., 1886, Oct. 30. 
 Anosia plexippus, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, I, 720; 
 
 III, pis. 1, 16, 18, 64, 74, 83, 87. 
 
 One of the largest and most common butterflies throughout the State. 
 Most abundant about June 1 and September 10, when the two broods of 
 the season, respectively, come forth. A few faded individuals may be 
 seen in April as the imago hibernates. This is one of the few species 
 the members of which flock together at certain periods, usually about 
 September 20. These swarms seem to be composed almost wholly of 
 males, and in Indiana gather about the leaves and branches of beech 
 , trees. The reasons for these gatherings are, up to the present, unknown. 
 Food plants of larvae, the various species of milkweed (Asclepias). 
 
 NYMPHALIN^E. 
 AGRAULIS, Boisduval and LeConte. 
 
 21. (100.) AGRAULIS VANILLA, Linn. 
 
 Agraidu vaniUce, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 40. 
 
 French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 148. 
 
 % udder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, III, 
 fl|4. 
 
 A handsome species, *biclLinhabits the Southern States, and has been 
 taken in Indiana onlv iu. Vanllerburgh County. 
 
 The food plant of hjrv.v i> the beautiful Southern Passion Flower, 
 Passiflora incarnata, L. 1 'Ntso found in this State doubtless fed upon 
 the allied species, Passiflora hit-ea, L.
 
 13 
 
 ARGYNNIS, Fabricius. 
 
 22. (101.) ARGYNNIS IDALIA, Drury. The Idalia Butterfly. The 
 
 Regal Fritillary. , 
 
 Argynnis idalia, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 285, fig. 110. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 41. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento. 111., 1878, 149. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 150. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886. Nov. 6. 
 Speyeria idalia, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, I, 535; 
 
 III, pis. 4, 12, 21, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 This fine species is known to occur in but four counties in the State, 
 viz., Monroe, Vanderburgh, Fayette and Lake. 
 
 It emerges from the chrysalid formed by the hibernating larva about 
 July 1, and frequents meadows and low grounds near streams. Its 
 larvse, as well as the larvae of all other members of the genus, feed upon 
 the different species of \yild and cultivated violets. 
 
 23. (102.) ARGYNNIS DIANA, Cram. The Diana Butterfly. 
 
 Argynnis diana, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 42." (Male only.) 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1868, 63, pi. 20. 
 Id., But. N. A., II, 1884, 148, pi. 29. (Pre- 
 paratory stages.) 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. 111., 1878, 149. 
 Id , But.. E. U. S., 1886, 153. 
 Semnopsyche diana, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1799. 
 
 This large and beautiful Argynnis is a southern species, ranging from 
 West Virginia through Kentucky and Tennessee to Arkansas, but is no- 
 where common. Mr. S. G. Evans, of Evansville, Ind., has, however, 
 collected them in the vicinity of that city every season for ten or twelve 
 years. He takes them from the middle of June to the middle of August, 
 from upland meadows and borders of woods This is, as far as known, 
 the most northern station at which the species has been found, and is its 
 only record in the State. Like the other members of its genus, it is single 
 brooded, the larvse feeding on violets and hibernating. 
 
 24. (107.) ARGYNNIS CYBELE, Fab. The Cybele Butterfly. The 
 
 Great Spangled Fritillary. 
 Argynnis cybele, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 42. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1868, 67, pi. 21. 
 French, Sev. Rept. State Ent. 111., 1878, 150. 
 Id., But. E. U. S , 1886, 155. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., 1886, Nov. 6. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 554; 
 III, pis. 4, 21, 64, 75, 84.
 
 14 
 
 Next to Colias phUodice, Godt , this is the most common butterfly in 
 Indiana from May 20 until September. In any clover field in June vast 
 numbers may be seen gathering honey and chasing one another from 
 bloom to bloom. In July and August they are to be found wherever 
 there are thistles and ironweeds. During the latter month the eggs are 
 laid, and by the middle of September the butterfly has almost wholly 
 disappeared. The larvae pass the winter beneath sticks and pieces of 
 bark in the vicinity of the food plant. 
 
 25. (108.) ARGYNNIS APHRODITE, Fab. Aphrodite Butterfly. The 
 
 Silver Spot Fritillary. 
 
 Argynnis aphrodite, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 285, fig. 111. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 43. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1868, 71, pi. 22. 
 French, Sev. Rep, St. Ento. 111., 1878, 150. 
 Id., But. E. U: S., 1886, 157, fig. 40. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th- Ed., 1883, 253, fig. 183. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S., 1889, I, 563; in, 
 
 pis. 4, 12, 21, 64, 72, 84. 
 
 A. aphrodite has been noted in but five counties, but probably occurs 
 throughout the State, being confounded Avith cybele, which it closely re- 
 semblesi. It may, however, be easily told from that species by the fol- 
 lowing characters : 
 
 Smaller size ; less brown on the bases of the upper side of wings ; nar- 
 rower pale band near outer margin of under side of hind wings ; nar- 
 rower space between black bands on outer margin of fore wings above ; 
 and deeper tint of ground color, approaching a red It frequents the 
 same localities as A. Cybele, and is most abundant, where found, from 
 June 25 till August. 
 
 26. (109.) ARGYNNIS ALCESTIS, Edw. Alcestis Butterfly. 
 
 Argynnw alcestis, French, Sev. Rep. St. Euto. 111., 1878, 150. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 158. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., Nov. 6, 1886. 
 Id., Hoos. Nat, II., Nov. 1886, 12. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., Ill, p. 1802. 
 
 In Indiana this species has been collected in but two counties Lake, 
 where Worthiugton reports it as common ; and Monroe, where a single 
 specimen was taken from a meadow July 1, 1886. From above it 
 closely resembles A. cybele, but on the under side the hinder wings are 
 dark cinnamon brown, without a submargiual yellow band. 
 
 It is probably quite common on the prairies in the northern part of 
 the State, and has been overlooked heretofore.
 
 15 
 
 27. (112.) ARGYNNIS ATLANTIS, Edw. The Mountain Silver-spot. 
 
 Argynnis atlantis, Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1868, 75, pi. 24. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 754. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 160, fig. 41. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 262. (Larvse 
 
 and pupse described.) 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., .1889, I, 571 ; 
 
 III, pis. 4, 21, 61, 84. 
 
 This species has been taken in the two widely separated counties of 
 Vanderburgh (Evans) and Lake, but nowhere else in the State. As to 
 its distinguishing characters, I quote the following from Edwards, loc. 
 cit. : "Atlantis is readily distinguished from Aphrodite by its smaller 
 size, duller color, broad black margins, confluent median band of sec- 
 ondaries and color of same wings below ; also, by the longer and nar- 
 rower fore wings. It is rarely to be seen iu the open country where 
 Aphrodite abounds, but frequents narrow passes in the mountains and 
 the grass fields which skirt the forests. It is readily attracted by any 
 decaying animal matter, and a piece of meat or a dead bird or snake 
 has irresistible charms for it." 
 
 28. (141.) ARGYNNIS MYRINA, Cram. Myrina Butterfly. The Silver- 
 
 Bordered Fritillary. 
 
 Argynnis myrina, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 286, fig. 112. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 45. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 25J. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 161, fig. 42. 
 Brenthis myrina, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can , 1889, I, 593 ; 
 
 III, pis. 4, 12, 22, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 Vanderburgh County, by Evans. Otherwise only from the northern 
 half of the State, where it is quite frequent in meadows and prairies 
 from June 15 to September. Food plant, violets. 
 
 29. (152.) ARGYNNIS BELI.ONA, Fab. Belloua 'Butterfly. The 
 
 Meadow Fritillary. 
 
 ' Argynnis bdlona, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 287, figs. 113, 114. 
 Morris, Lep., N. A., 1862, 45. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., 1875, 756. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 253. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 164. 
 Brenthis bellona, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 608; 
 
 III, pis. 5, 12, 22, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 This, the smallest member of the genus, is found throughout the east- 
 ern and northern parts of the State, but is very rare if it occurs at all in 
 the Lower Wabash Valley. It is quite common, where found, during 
 July and August, in low meadows and prairies, especially those contain- 
 ing many flowers.
 
 16 
 
 EUPTOIETA, Doubleday. 
 
 30. (154.) EUPTOIETA CLAUDIA, Cram. The Claudia Butterfly. 
 Euptoieta daudia, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 750. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ent. 111., 1878, 150. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 18 <6, 165, fig. 43. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., 18*6, Nov. 6. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 519; 
 
 III, pis. 14, 21, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 Argynnis columbina, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 44. 
 In the southern half of the State, but not seen or reported in the 
 northern although it should occur there. Given as rare in most of the 
 lists which mention it. Frequents meadows and borders of thickets from 
 July 15 to October 15, a single specimen having been taken by the writer 
 on the latter date in Vigo County. Food plants, violets, May apples, 
 sedum and portulaca. 
 
 MELIT^EA, Fabricius. 
 
 31. (156.) MELIT^A PHOTON, Drury. Phaeton Butterfly. The Bal- 
 timore. 
 
 Melitcea phcdm, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 288, fig. 115. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 50. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 255, figs. 184- 
 
 186. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A. II, 1884, 151, pi. 30. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 168, figs. 44-47. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, November 6. 
 Euphydryas photon, Scudder, But. E. U. S., I, 690; III, pis. 5, 
 
 12, 22, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 An uncommon species, noted in but four .counties, viz. : Decatur, 
 Vanderburgh, Vigo and Monroe, but probably found throughout the 
 State. This is the only butterfly in Indiana whose larvae live in colonies 
 in webs of their own construction. These web* are woven on the food 
 .plants, which are snake-head or turtle-head (Chelone glabra), and the two 
 monkey flowers (Mimulus). The larvse form the webs about the last of 
 July and, after feeding until they have moulted the third time, tliey pass 
 the winter in a state of lethargy within them. With the first appearance 
 of the food plant in spring they begin feeding again, after which is formed 
 the chrysalis from which the butterfly emerges about June 1. It frequents 
 low, open fields and marshes where the food plants abound, and flits with 
 an irregular and nervous flight close to the earth.
 
 17 
 
 PHYCIODES, Douhleday. 
 
 32. (186.) PHYCIODES NYCTEIS, Doubl-Hew. The Peppermint But- 
 
 terfly. The Silver Crescent. 
 
 Melitcca nycteis, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 325, 351. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 257. 
 
 Phyeiodes nycteis, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 762. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 172, fig. 50. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Nov. 6. 
 Charidryas nycteis, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, I, 
 
 658 ; III, pis. 5, 22, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 Common all over the State, but less so than the next species, which it 
 closely resembles. Found in the vicinity of streams, and during July and 
 August frequents, by hundreds, the flowers of peppermint, Mentha 
 piperita, and allied species. Food plants, asters, wild sunflowers and 
 Actinomeris. The larvae pass the winter, when partly grown, beneath the 
 shelter of objects on the ground, and the imago has been taken in West- 
 ern Indiana as early as May 17. 
 
 33. (190.) PHYCIODES THAROS, Drury. The Tharos Butterfly. The 
 
 Pearl Crescent. 
 
 Mditcea iharos, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 51 (morpheus). 
 Phyciodes thaws, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 763. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ent. 111., 1878, 151. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 177. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 161, pi. 31, 32. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 256. 
 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farm., 1886, Nov. 6. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Cau., 1889, I, 629; 
 
 III, pis. 5, 12, 22, 64, 7o, 84. 
 
 Melitcea pharos, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 289, figs 116, 117. 
 The two forms of this species, marcia, Ewd., and morpheus, Fab., are 
 both very abundant, especially the latter. Three or four broods are 
 produced each season, the first one (marcia) from hibernating larvae, ap- 
 pearing about the tenth of May, and the others at intervals of six or 
 eight weeks thereafter. In company with Colias philodwe, they flock 
 about muddy places in the roads and the damp, sandy margins of 
 streams. .Food plant, asters. 
 
 GRAPTA, Kirby. 
 
 54. (207.) GRAPTA INTERROGATIONS, Fab. The Semicolon Butter- 
 fly. The Violet Tip. 
 
 Vanessa interrogation^, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 298, fig. 124 
 (fabricii, text-umbrosa).
 
 18 
 
 Grapta interrogation'^, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 53 (wnbroia). 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1872, p. Ill, 
 
 pis. 38, 39. 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ent. 111., 1878, 
 
 151. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 182, fig. 51. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 259. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Nov. 20. 
 Polygonia interrogation, Scudder, But. E. U. S., I, 319; III, 
 
 pis. 3, 11, 20, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 throughout the State. Of the two forms recognized by Edwards, the 
 paler one, fabricii, is much the more common, especially the members of 
 the brood which emerge about September 10, the individuals of which 
 hibernate. This form is also quite variable, the silver spot on the under 
 surface of the hind wings being often unbroken, and in many specimens 
 the larger and hindmost of the black spots between the cell and hind 
 margin of the fore wings above is double, the additional spot being 
 larger than either of those in the cell. It frequents roadsides, borders 
 of thickets and the vicinity of gardens where hops are cultivated. 
 
 35. (208.) GRAPTA COMMA, Harr. The Comma Butterfly. The Hop 
 
 Merchant. 
 Vanessa comma, Harris. Ins. Inj., 1862, 300, pi 4, fig. 1 (hcvr- 
 
 risii). 
 Grapta comma, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 54. 
 
 Edwards, But. F. A., I. 1871, 101, pi. 36 (har- 
 
 risii). 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. S. Ento. 111., 1878, 152. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 185. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 260. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Nov. 20. 
 Polygonia comma, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., I, 332; III, 
 
 pis. 3, 20, 64, 74, 83. 
 Grapta dryas, Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1871, 109, pi. 37 (form 
 
 dryas) . 
 
 A common species in most parts of ttie State, but not reported in all 
 the lists. Food plants hop, elm, and nettles. Like G. interrogationis, 
 the members of the late brood of this species seek some sheltered place, 
 such as a crevice in a rock or a hole in a tree, where they pass the win- 
 ter in a dormant state, from which they are aroused by the first warm 
 breezes of spring. Specimens have been taken on the wing as late as 
 November 22, and as early as March 4. During the summer three or 
 four may usually be found in company in damp places, alongside of 
 streams or in shaded ravines.
 
 19 
 
 36 (217.) GRAPTA PROGNE, Cram. The Progne Butterfly. 
 Vanessa progne, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 301. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 56. 
 Grapta progne, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 190, fig. 53. 
 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Nov. 20. 
 Polygonia progne, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 1, 362; 
 
 III, pis. 3, 16, 19, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 Grapta c-argenteum, Packard, Guide, 1883, 260, fig. 188. 
 This small Grapta has been taken in six counties in different portions 
 of the State, but is scarce wherever found. In midsummer it frequents 
 rocky ledges and shaded ravines, but in autumn it is more often found 
 along the margins of dense woods. When disturbed it, as well as the 
 two preceding members of the genus, has the habit of making a short 
 circuit and flying back to the self-same spot from whence it was started. 
 Food plants gooseberry, currant, blackberry and elm. 
 
 37. (218.) GRAPTA j ALBUM, Bd.-Lec. The White J. Butterfly. 
 
 Vanessa j-attwm, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 298. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 56. 
 Grapta j-album, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 192. 
 Eugonia j-albiim, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 
 
 379 ; HI, pis. 3, 20, 83. 
 
 Vanderburgh, Decatur and Lake. Rare in the three counties. Bor- 
 ders of thickets and along streams during July and August. Hibernates 
 as imago. Food plant unknown. Vanderburgh County is, up to the 
 present, the most southern station at which j-album has been taken. 
 
 VANESSA, Fabricius. 
 
 38. (219.) VANESSA ANTIOPA, Linn. 'The Camberwell Beauty. The 
 
 Mourning Cloak. The Antiopa Butterfly. 
 Vanessa antiopa, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 296, fig. J21, 123. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 57. 
 Wood, Insects at Home, 1873, 3'J6. 
 French, Sev. Rep. State Ento. 111., 1878, 153. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 193. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 258. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1886, Nov. 20. 
 Euranessa antiopa, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 1, 397 ; 
 
 III, pJs. 2, 11, 20, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 A common and handsome species often seen in spring as early if not 
 earlier than Grapta comma, as it also winters in the perfect state. It is, 
 however, much more abundant than that species for about a month, after 
 which it disappears, and none are seen till the first of June, when it
 
 20 
 
 again becomes common, the first brood of the season having emerged 
 from chrysalid. A second brood appears about the middle of September. 
 In England, where it is rare and considered a great prize by the collec- 
 tors, it is known as the Camberwell Beauty. The larvae feed upon the 
 leaves of willow, elm and poplar. 
 
 39. (221.) VANESSA MILBERTII, Godt. Milbert's Butterfly. The 
 
 American Tortoise- shell. 
 
 Vanessa milbertii, Harris?, Ina. Inj., 1862, 302, fig. 1^5. 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 56. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 769. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 259. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 195. 
 Aglais milberti, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 420; 
 
 III, pis. 2, 12, 20, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 This brilliantly colored Vanessa has a wide distribution, but appears to 
 be nowhere as common as Antiopa, with which species it agrees essentially 
 in habits. 
 
 In Indiana it has been taken only in Lake and Vanderburgh counties, 
 from both of which it is reported as rare. Food plant, nettle. Vander- 
 burgh County is, as far as known, the most southern station at which it 
 has been taken. 
 
 "The butterfly is found most abundant by the roadside, especially 
 among the hills, and by the margin of forests. It is always found in 
 sunny exposures; is fond of resting on dry leaves scattered over the 
 ground in spring, aiid, like many other early butterflies, is attracted by 
 the blossoms of the lilac."- SCUDDER. 
 
 PYRAMEIS, Doubleday. 
 
 40. (222.) PYRAMEIS ATALANTA, Linn. The Red Admiral. The At- 
 
 alanta Butterfly. 
 
 Cynthia atalanta, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 294, fig. 120. 
 Pyrameis atalanta, Morris. Lep. N. A., 1862, 58. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento., 111., 1878, 153. 
 Id., But. E. U. 8., 1886, 196, fig. 55. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 261. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, April 23. 
 Vanessa atalanta, Wood, Insects at Home, 1873, 399, pi. 13. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 441; 
 
 III, pis. 2, 12, 20, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 A common and showy butterfly, which also hibernates as imago, and 
 cornea forth from its winter quarters on the first warm days of March and 
 April. It is most abundant, however, about June 10 and September 20,
 
 21 
 
 when the two broods of the season respectively emerge. It flies every- 
 where, but especially abounds about clumps of willows, on the trunks of 
 which it delights to rest and enjoy the sunshine, and when disturbed flits 
 away but a short distance and soon returns to the same or an adjacent 
 tree. According to Harris, atalanta was probably introduced with its 
 food plant, the common nettle, into this country from Europe, where it is 
 also abundant, and known as the Red Admiral Butterfly. 
 
 41. (223.) PYRAMEIS HUNTERA, Fab. Hunter's Butterfly. The 
 
 Painted Beauty. 
 
 Cynthia huntera, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 292, fig. 119. 
 Pyrameis huntera, Morris, Lep. JN". A. , 1862, 60. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Euto. 111., 1878, 153. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 198. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp. , V. 1875, 769. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, April 23. 
 Vanessa huntera, Scudder/But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 457; 
 
 III, pis. 2, 12, 20. 74, 83. 
 
 Much less common than the preceding, but found throughout the State. 
 The larvae feed upon everlasting (Gnaphalium polycephalum) , and the 
 various species of Artemisia. The butterfly is most often met with in 
 August and September, in fields containing golden rods and wild asters. 
 There are two broods each season ; the butterflies and occasionally the 
 chrysalids of the autumn brood hibernating. 
 
 42. (224 ) PYRAMEIS CARDUI, Linn. Thistle Butterfly. The Painted 
 
 Lady. 
 
 Cynthia cardui, Harris, Ins. Inj. 1862, 291, fig. 118. 
 Pyrameis cardui, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 59. 
 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 770. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento. 111., 1878, 154. 
 Id., But E. U. S., 1886, 199. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, April 23. 
 Vanessa cardui, Wood, Ins. at Home, 1873, 401, pi. 13. 
 
 Scudder, But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 469; 
 
 1U, pis. 2, 12, 21, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 The Thistle Butterfly is a rather common species from mid- June until 
 after heavy frosts. During the summer months it is usually found in 
 open pastures where there are thistle patches, but on sunny days in 
 autumn it is often seen in orchards sipping the juices from a bruised or 
 rotten apple. In England, where it is common, it is known as the 
 "Painted Lady," on account of the variety and beauty of its colors. 
 The larvae feed upon thistles, burdock and wild sunflowers, and are there- 
 fore more beneficial than otherwise. It passes the winter as imago, and 
 in Vigo County has been taken on the wing as early as April 10.
 
 22 
 
 JUNONIA, Doubleday. 
 
 43. (226.) JUNONIA COENIA, Hub. The Coenia Butterfly. The 
 
 Buckeye. 
 
 Junonia coenia, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 61. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 261. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 200, fig. 56. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 494; 
 
 III, pis. 14, 21, 64, 74, 83. 
 Cynthia lavinia, Harris, Ins. Inj , 1862, 293. 
 Junonia lavinia, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 154. 
 A showy insect, abundant in the Southern States, and rarely found as 
 far north as Lake County, Indiana, where it has been taken by Worth- 
 ington. * Single specimens have also been secured in Jefferson and 
 Vigo counties, and a few in Vanderburgh. 
 
 It flies from June to November in open fields and low meadows where 
 flowers are abundant. Food plants, plantain, gerardia and snapdragon. 
 
 LIMENITIS, Fabricius. 
 
 44. (236.) LIMENITIS URSULA, Fab. The Ursula Butterfly. The 
 
 Red-spotted Purple. 
 
 NympMis Ursula, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 64. 
 Isimenitis Ursula, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 154. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 206, fig. 58. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 262. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, April 23. 
 Basilarchia astyanax, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 
 
 280 ; III, pis. 2, 19, 64, 74, 83. 
 Nymphali* epliestion, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 283. 
 Limenitis ephestion, Packard, Guide, 1883, 262. 
 
 Common in the central and southern half of the State, less so in the 
 north. Its usual resorts are the vicinity of streams and about muddy 
 places in roads, although it is often seen in orchards and gardens. It 
 winters in the larva state and is most common as imago in June and the 
 latter half of August. The food plants of the larvae are willow, wild 
 cherry, apple, plum, oak and ironwood. 
 
 45. (237.) LIMENITIS ARTHEMIS, Drury. The Banded Purple But- 
 
 terfly. 
 NympMis arthemis, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 283, pi. I, fig. 7. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 65. 
 Limenitis arthemis, Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 262. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 208.
 
 23 
 
 Basttarchia arthemis, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 
 
 294; III, pis. 2, 19, 54, 74, 81, 83. 
 Limenitis proserpina, Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1868, 127, pi. 48. 
 
 (Form proserpina.) 
 Id., Canadian Entomologist, March, 1891, 
 
 49. 
 
 Basilarchia proserpina, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 
 289 ; III, pis. 2, 19. (Form proserpina.) 
 
 This handsome butterfly is a northern species which has been taken in 
 Lake County, by Worthington. It is found from June to September 
 frequenting the same localities as L. Ursula. The larvse feed upon wil- 
 low, aspen, basswood, and probably thorn. 
 
 Mr. S. H. Scudder, in his But. E. U. S., p. 289, regards the form 
 proserpina as a hybrid between L. Ursula and L. arthemis. Mr. Edwards 
 in the Canadian Entomologist, loc. cit., controverts this view, and gives 
 in full his reasons for considering it a dimorphic form of arthemis. 
 
 46. (239.) LIMENITIS DISIPPUS, Godt. The Disippus Butterfly. 
 
 The Viceroy. 
 NympJialis disippus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 281, fig. 109. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 65. 
 
 Limenitis disippus, French, Sev. Kep. St. Ento. 111., 1878, 154. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886. 210, figs. 59-62. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 227. (De- 
 scrip, of larvae ) 
 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, April '23. 
 Limenitis misippus, Packard, Guide, 1883, 262, fig. 189. 
 Basilarchia archippus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can , 1889, I, 
 
 267; III, pis. 1, 11, 19, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 A rather common species in all parts of the State, but by casual ob- 
 servers usually confounded with Danais archippus, Fab. , which it closely 
 resembles in color and markings, but from which it may be readily 
 known by the presence of a narrow, curved, black band across the 
 center of the hind wings. There are two broods each season, the larvse 
 of the second brood constructing from a leaf a tube-shaped retreat into 
 which they enter, head first, and pass the winter. Their dwellings are 
 formed by first fastening, by means of silk, a leaf to the twig upon which 
 it grew. Notches are then cut in the leaf and the edges are bent to- 
 gether and fastened by a silken thread. In the words of Edwards, loc. 
 cit. : " Some caterpillars cover themselves in a web, or bind two leaves 
 together loosely ; more conceal themselves under wood or stone, or in 
 the sod ; but here is one who has turned tailor, weaver and house 
 builder. It knows just what sort of leaf to choose for its purpose, takes 
 its measurement, cuts out the pattern on a system peculiar but effective ;
 
 24 
 
 ews it up ; upholsters the interior with silken threads, and takes pos- 
 session, even having provided against the ingress of water by a flap, 
 shaped when the pattern is cut out." It is an interesting fact that only 
 the second brood of larvae exhibits an instinct for thus forming homes. 
 The butterfly is most frequent in July, and is usually found in low 
 grounds, about clumps of willows, upon the leaves of which the larvae 
 feed. Additional foot plants are poplar, plum and oak 
 
 APATURA, Fabricius. 
 
 47. (244.) APATURA CELTIS, Bd.-Lec. The Eyed Emperor. The 
 
 Hackberry Butterfly. 
 Apatura celtis, Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 68. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ento. 111., 1878, 155. 
 Id., But, E. U. S., 1886, 215, figs. 63, 64. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 231, pi. 38. 
 Blatchley, Ind.. Farmer, 1887, May 11. 
 
 Chlvrippe celtus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 1788 
 This species is found in the southern half of the State and as far north 
 as Wabash County, where it has been taken by the writer, but it is 
 nowhere abundant. It flies during July and August in low, open woods, 
 especially those where the food plant of the larva, Celtis occidentalis, or 
 the hackberry tree, grows. Celtis has a swift flight and darts rapidly from 
 one object to another as if actuated by curiosity, often alighting upon the 
 body of the person pursuing it or upon the net, where it opens and closes 
 its wings rapidly for a few seconds, and then starts out on a short circuit 
 soon to return again. The larvae pass the winter hidden among the ridges 
 in the bark of the hackberry and may be found feeding on the buds as 
 soon as the latter appear in spring. 
 
 48. (248.) APATURA CLYTON, Bd.-Lec. The Tawny Emperor. 
 Apatura ch/ton, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 68. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Eat. 111., 1878, 155. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 218, figs. 65, 66. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 245, pi. 39. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, May 11. 
 ChMppe clyton, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 241; 
 
 III, pis. 16, 19, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 The range of this species in the State coincides with that of A. celtis, 
 the food plant being the same. It is, however, much less common than 
 the latter, having been taken in but five counties, whereas celtis is re- 
 ported in all the lists but two. Neither species is found in the north- 
 western corner of the State. Of the two forms of clyton, ocellata, Edw., 
 is the more common. There is but one brood each season, the butterfly
 
 25 
 
 emerging about June 15. It frequents the vicinity of streams, but is 
 sometimes seen in company with A. celtis about dwellings and orchards, 
 especially towards the close of its season. A single specimen was taken 
 in the heart of the city of Wabash, Ind., August 11, 1890. 
 
 PAPHIA, Westwood. 
 
 49. (251.) PAPHIA TROGLODYTA, Fab. The Goat Weed Butterfly. 
 
 Paphia troglodyta, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 226, figs. 67-69. 
 Paphia glycerium, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 67. 
 
 Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1871, 137, pi. 46. 
 Paphia andria, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent., 111., 1878, 156. 
 Ancea andria, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can. , III, 1794. 
 A southwestern species, the habitat of which is given by Edwards as 
 Illinois to Texas. Very rare in Indiana, a single specimen having been 
 taken in Vigo County, by Prof. B. W. Evermann, on April 24, 1890, 
 and " one or two in three different seasons," in Vanderburgh County, by 
 Evans. The larvae feed upon species of Croton, and the imago hiber- 
 nates, there being but one brood each season. 
 
 " The butterfly is often seen in orchards resting on the sunny side of the 
 trees, at other times on the road or upon the fences. It is shy and diffi- 
 cult to capture, although it seldom leaves a favorite locality, but continues 
 to fly about until danger has passed." EDWARDS, loc. cit. 
 
 SATYRINJE. 
 DEBIS, Westwood. 
 
 50. (253.) DEBIS PORTLANDIA, Fab. The Woodland Butterfly. The 
 
 Pearly Eye. 
 Debis porilandia, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 79. 
 
 French, But, E. U. S., 1886, 229, fig. 70. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, May 11. 
 Enodia p&rOandia, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 180; 
 
 in, pis. 1, 18, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 Debis andr&macha, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 78, 351. 
 The Woodland Butterfly has been taken in six counties in as many dif- 
 ferent portions of the State, but is nowhere common. Its favorite resorts 
 are dense, damp woods and thickets, where, during July and August, it 
 may be found resting on the stump or trunk of a tree in the immediate 
 vicinity of the coarse grasses, which are the food plants of the larvae. In 
 this State it is single brooded and the larvae hibernate.
 
 26 
 
 NEONYMPHA, Westwood 
 
 51. (254.) NEONYMPHA CANTHUS, Bd.-Lec. The Canthus Butterfly. 
 
 The Eyed Brown. 
 ]$eonympha canthus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 18f>2, 74. 
 
 French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 232. 
 
 Hipparchia boisduvalli, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 305, fig. 128. 
 Satyrodes eurydice, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 193; 
 
 III, pis. 1, 11, 18, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 Noted only in Lake County, where it is common, but should be found 
 throughout the northern half of the State. It is <-m the wing during 
 June and July, and is found in low open woods and meadows. The 
 larvae feed upon various kinds of grass and hibernate after the fourth 
 moult. 
 
 52. (258.) NEONYMPHA KURYTRIS, Fab. The Wood Nymph Butterfly. 
 
 HipparcMa eurytris, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 306, fig. 129. 
 Nemympha eurytris. Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 73. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 156. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 238. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 264. 
 Blatchley, Ind. Farmer, 1887, May 11. 
 Oi^ia eurytus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can , 1889, I, 214 ; 
 
 III, pis. 1, 11, 18, 64, 74, 83. 
 
 This little wood-brown butterfly is rather common throughout the State 
 from May 15 until August. It frequents woods, fence rows, and shady 
 roadsides and flies close to the ground with a queer, jerky flight, often 
 alighting on the grass, or on a log or chip, seldom on a flower or shrub. 
 The larvse feed upon grass, and the second brood of the season hibernate. 
 
 SATYRUS, Westwood. 
 
 53*. (283.) SATYRUS ALOPE, Fab. The Alope Butterfly. The Blue- 
 eyed Grayling. 
 Hipparthia alope, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 305, fig. 127. (Form 
 
 dope, Fab.) 
 Satyrus alope, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 76. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 156. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 243, fig. 71. (All 
 
 forms.) 
 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 263. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 261, pis. 41, 
 42. (All forms.)
 
 27 
 
 Cercyonis cdope, Seudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, I, 
 163; III, pis. 1, 11, 18, 67, 74. (Form 
 alope.} 
 Erebia nephele, Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 76. (Form nephele, 
 
 Kirby.) 
 Satyrus nephde, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp , V. 1875, 773. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 263. 
 
 Hipparchia nephele, Harris, Ins. Inj. 1862, fig. 130. (No text.) 
 Gercyonis nephele, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, I, 
 171; III, pis. 1, 11, 18, 64, 83. (Form 
 nephele. ) 
 
 Three forms of this handsome butterfly, viz., cdope, Fab., nephele, 
 Kirby, and olympm, Edwards, are found in the northern part of the 
 State. It ranges as far south as the southern border of White and 
 Wabash Counties. Olympus has been noted only in Lake County. All 
 the forms are on the wing during July and August, and frequent open 
 woods, meadows and prairies. The larvae feed upon the various species 
 of wild grasses and hibernate. 
 
 LIBYTHEIN^. 
 LIBYTHEA, Fabricius. 
 
 54. (309.) LIBYTHEA BACHMANI, Kirtland. Bachman's Butterfly. 
 Libyikea bachmani, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 63. 
 
 French, Sev. Kep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 157. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 250. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 264. 
 Edwards, But. N. A., II, 1884, 289, pi. 46. 
 Blatchley, Ind Farmer, 1887, May 11. 
 Hypatusbachmanii, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 1, 760; 
 
 III, pis. 4, 21, 64, 75, 84. 
 
 This curious little fly, with its long, beak-like palpi and angled fore 
 wings, once seen will ever after be recognized at first sight. It doubtless 
 inhabits all parts of the State, having been taken in six widely separated 
 counties, yet but few are found each season in any one locality. It fre- 
 quents low grounds and the vicinity of streams, and flies from June to 
 September. Food plant, hackberry.
 
 28 
 
 LYCJ3N1D.E. 
 LYC^NINJE. 
 
 THECLA, Fabricius. 
 
 This large genus is represented in Indiana, so far as known, by ten 
 species, but one of which may be said to be common. All are compara- 
 tively small in size, of a blue, smoky brown or black color, and have 
 wings of a delicate texture. The habits of all are essentially the same. 
 They mostly pass the winter in the pupa stage, and the imagoes are to be 
 found from May 1 5 until frost. They are seldom seen except along fence 
 rows and the borders of woods and thickets, where they flit rapidly to and 
 fro with a restless, jerking flight, pausing every few moments on leaf of 
 brier or shrub to bask in the sunlight, and then as suddenly starting on- 
 ward again. 
 
 55. (326.) THECLA HALEBUS, Cram. Great Purple Hair-streak. 
 
 Theda halesus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 91. 
 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V, 1875, 777. 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 255. 
 
 Atiides halesus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 1827." 
 A western and southern species, not before reported east of Illinois. 
 Found in small numbers in Lake County by Worthington. Food plant, 
 oak. 
 
 56. (327.) THECLA M-ALBUM, Bd.-Lec. The Black-banded Hair- 
 
 streak. 
 Theda m-album, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 92. 
 
 BVench, But. E. U. S., 1886, 256. 
 EupsycJie m-album, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1824. 
 
 Theda psyche, Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 93. 
 
 An eastern Thecla, not before reported west of Ohio. Rare in Jeffer- 
 son and Decatur counties. Food plant, oak. 
 
 57. (331.) THECLA HUMDLI, Harr. The Hopvine Thecla. The Gray 
 
 Hair-streak. 
 Theda humuli, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 276, pi. IV, fig. 3. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent., 111., 1878, 157. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 259. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 265. 
 Thecla favonius, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 95.
 
 29 
 
 Thecla hyp&rici, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 94. 
 Umnotesmelinm, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 850; 
 
 III, pis. 6, 14, 23, 65, 75, 84. 
 
 Throughout the State, but rather scarce. The larvae feed upon the 
 hop, bean and thorn, and the butterfly frequents the vicinity of these 
 plants from May to September. 
 
 58. (339.) THECLA EDWARDSII, Saunder?. Edward's Thecla. 
 
 Tlieda edwardsii, French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 261. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 892 ; III, pis. 6, 24, 65, 75, 84. 
 Thecla falacer, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 276. 
 
 Found up to the present only in the northern part of, but probably ex- 
 ists throughout the State. Scarce. Food plant, hawthorne and oak. 
 
 59. (341.) THECLA CALANUS, Hub. The Oak Thecla. The Banded 
 
 Hair-streak. 
 
 Thecla calanus, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 263, fig. 73. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 885; 
 
 III, pis. 6, 14, 24, 65, 75, 84. 
 Thecla falacer, Moras, Lep. N. A., 1862, 95. 
 
 This is our most common Thecla and is found in all parts of the State. 
 The larvse feed upon the various species of oak, and hibernate, the imago 
 emerging from chrysalid in June and July. 
 
 60. (343.) THECLA STRIGOSA, Harr. The Streaked Thecla. The 
 
 Striped Hair-streak. 
 Thecla strigosa, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 276. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 101. 
 Edwards, But, N. A., I, 1869, 146, pi. 48. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 157. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 266, fig. 74. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 267. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 Thecla liparops, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 877; 
 
 III, pis. 6, 24, 65, 75, 84. 
 
 All over the State, but found only in small numbers in the counties in 
 which it has been taken. Food plants, oak, apple and willow. There is 
 but one brood each season, the butterflies appearing about July 10. 
 
 61. (355.) THECLA SMILAOIS, Bd.-Lec. The Auburn Thecla. The 
 
 Olive Hair-streak. 
 Thecla smilacu, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 98. 
 
 French, But, E. U. S., 1886, 268.
 
 30 
 
 Thecla auburniana, Harris, Ins. luj. 1862, 277 
 
 Thecla aubumiana, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 101. 
 
 Mtiura daman, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 861 ; III, pis. 6, 23, 65, 75, 84. 
 
 Lake County. Rare. (Worthington.) Food plant, the red cedar, 
 Juniperus Virginiana, Linn., about which the imago is almost always 
 found. There are two broods each season which appear in May and Au- 
 gust, respectively. 
 
 62. (357.) THECLA POEAS, Hub. The Least Purple Hair-streak. 
 
 Thecla poeas, Morris, Lep N. A., 1862, 103. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 270. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat. II, 1886, 62 
 
 Calycopis cecrops, Scudder, But. E U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 1821. 
 This, one of the prettiest of the Theclas, is southern in its range and 
 rare in our State. A single specimen was taken by the writer from an 
 oleander bush, in Monroe County, August 17, 1890. Mr. Edwards has 
 also received it from Indiana, but is unable to give the locality. Food 
 plant, unknown, but probably one of the species of huckleberry, Vaccin- 
 ium, of which two or three kinds grow in Monroe County. 
 
 63. (367.) THECLA HBNBICII, Gr -Rob. The Plum Thecla. The 
 
 Hoary Elfin. 
 
 Thecla htnricii, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 273. 
 Imisalia tnw, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 835; 
 
 III, pis. 6, 23, 65, 75, 85. 
 
 This species, which, according to Edwards, has been previously re- 
 corded only from West Virginia and Maine, has been taken in Jefferson 
 County by Mr. Hubbard. The larvse feed upon wild plum, and the perfect 
 insects, appearing about May 1, frequent the flowers of the red bud, 
 Cercis Canadensis, Linn., and the borders of sandy roads. 
 
 64. (376.) THECLA TITUS, Fab The Wild Cherry Thecla. The 
 
 Coral Hair-streak'. 
 Thecla titus, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 278. 
 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 Strymon titus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 809; 
 
 III, pis. 6, 23, 65, 75, 84. 
 Tlirda mopsus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 278. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 102. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V., 1875, 779. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 266. 
 
 In all parts of the State, but scarce where found. It is one of the 
 handsomest and largest members of the genus. Food plant, wild cherry. 
 It passes the winter in the egg state, and flies as imago during July and 
 August, frequenting the flower of golden rod, milkweed and thistle.
 
 FENISECA, Grute. 
 
 65. (377.) FENISECA TAKQUINIUS, Fab. The Wanderer. 
 
 Feniseca tarquinim, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 279. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1016; III, pis. 5, 25, 34. 43, 65, 84. 
 Polyommatus cratcegi, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 85. 
 Taken only in Jefferson County, where it is rare, but should occur all 
 over the State. The larvae are remarkable for their carnivorous habits, as 
 they feed only upon plant lice or aphids, and are especially fond of the 
 species of these insects which frequent the common alder, Alnus incana, 
 Willd. Hence the butterfly is most often found in the vicinity of streams, 
 along the banks of which the alder grows. It is on the wing at intervals 
 from May 15 to mid-September, as there are three broods each season. 
 
 CHRYSOPHANUS, Doubleday. 
 
 66. (385.) CHRYSOPHANUS THOE, Bd.-Lec. The Thoe Butterfly. 
 
 The Bronze Copper. 
 
 Polyommatus thoe, Morris, Lep. N. A., 18<>2, 84. 
 Chrysophanm thoe, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. III., 1878, 158. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 281. 
 Packard, Guide, 8th Ed., 1883, 264. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. . 
 Scudder, But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 977 ; III, pis. 5, 25, 65, 84. 
 
 This handsome species is rare where found, and has been taken in four 
 widely separated counties. There are two broods each season which 
 emerge in June and August. The butterfly is to be found in low mead- 
 ows and about the borders of ponds. The food plant is curled dock, 
 Rumex crispus. 
 
 67. (391.) CHRYSOPHANUS EPIXANTHE, Bd.-Lec. The Epixanthe 
 
 Butterfly. The Purple Disk. 
 Lycaena epixantfie, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 274. 
 Polyommatus epixanthe, Morris, Lep. N". A. , 1862, 85. 
 Chrysophanus epixanthe, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 282. 
 Epidemia epixanthe, Scudder, But. E. U. S., and Can., 1889, 
 
 II, 985 ; III, Pis. 5, 25, 65, 79. 
 
 Lake County. Rare. Probably throughout the northern half of the 
 State. It is single brooded, the butterflies emerging in June and July, 
 when they are found only in the vicinity of cranberry bogs and peaty 
 meadows.
 
 68. (392.) CHRYSOPHANUS HYPOPHLEAS, Bd. The American Copper 
 
 Butterfly. 
 
 Polyommatus hypophleas, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 84. 
 Chrysophanus hypophleas, French But E. U. 8., 1886, 283, figs. 
 
 75-77. 
 
 Blatchley, Hoos Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 
 Heodes hypophlceas, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 
 
 11,998 ; III, pis. 5, 13, 25, 65, 75, 84. 
 
 Lyccena americana, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 273; fig. 104. 
 
 Polyommatus americana, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 91. 
 Chrysophanus americana, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 
 
 158. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 264. 
 
 Polyommatus phlaas, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 84. 
 Quite common in the Lower Wabash Valley, but rare in the northern 
 and eastern parts of the State. It flies from May 1st to October, and is 
 most often met with in lowland meadows or along sandy roadsides, 
 where in small parties of two to four it flits close to the ground, stop- 
 ping ever and anon to rest upon a blade of grass or to sip the moisture 
 from the margin of a puddle left by some recent rain. The larvae 
 feed upon a small dock, known as sheep sorrel, Rumex acetosella. 
 
 LYOENA, Fabricius. 
 
 69. (432.) LYC^ENA PSEUDARGIOLUS, Bd.-Lec. The Azure Blue 
 
 Butterfly. 
 Polyommatus pseudargiolus, Harris, lus. Inj., 1862, 274, text. 
 
 (neglecta, Edw.). 
 
 Argus pseudargiolus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 82 (pseu- 
 
 dargiolus, Bd.). 
 Lyccena pseudargiolus, Edw., But. N. A., I, 1869, 153, pi. 50 
 
 ( pseudargiolus) . 
 Id., But. N. A., II, 1884, 315, pis. 50, 
 
 51. (All forms.) 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 
 
 785 (violacea, Edw.). 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111. , 1878, 
 
 158. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 286, figs. 
 
 78-80. (All forms.) 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 
 Cyaniris pseudargiolus, Scudder, But. E. U. S., II, 927 ; III, 
 pis. 6, 13, 24, 65, 75, 84.
 
 33 
 
 J/ycmia neglecta, Edwards, But. N. A., I, 1869, 155, 
 
 pi. 50 (neglecta). 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 265. 
 Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 
 
 786. 
 
 Lycana violacea, Edw. , But, N. A. , I, 1868, 149, pi. 49, 
 
 Lyccena lucia, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 275, fig. 106 
 
 (lucia, Kirby). 
 
 Polyommahts lucia, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 90. 
 
 Four forms of this variable and much described species are found in 
 Indiana, three of which, viz., pseudargiolm, Bd.-Lee. , neglecta, Edw., and 
 iriolacea, Edw., are found throughout the State, while lucia, Kirby, has 
 been taken only in Lake County. Of the fbur, violacea, which flies in 
 early spring, and neglecta, in late summer, are the most common. 
 
 The black male, var. nigra of violacea, has been taken by the writer in 
 Wabash County, but is not reported elsewhere. Pseudargiolus is said by 
 Worthington not to occur in Lake County, and when found in other 
 parts of the State is comparatively rare. 
 
 All these forms have essentially the same habits, and are seldom found 
 except in low, shady places, and especially in the vicinity of small streams. 
 Violacea winters in the pupa state, and Mr. Edwards has given a pleasing 
 description of its habits, as follows: "By the 3d or 4th of April we 
 usually have one or two very warm days, the mercury at 80, and then 
 these little butterflies swarm along the sunny sides of creeks, gathering in 
 clusters as close as they can stand, in favorite spots, motionless, with 
 wings erect and closed, wholly intent in extracting from the sand some 
 fluid, no doubt delightful. These are all males, for the females do not 
 appear until some days after, or about the 10th. By this time the peach 
 trees are in full bloom and the females are especially attracted to them. 
 But, as a general thing, this species is not partial to flowers." The larvae 
 feed upon various plants, chief among which are Actinomeris, Cornus or 
 dogwood, and Cimicifuga, or black snake root. 
 
 70. (434.) LYCLENA COMYNTAS, Godt. The Corny ntas Butterfly. 
 
 The Tailed Blue. 
 PohioniTTMtm comyntas, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 275. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 83. 
 
 lA/crena cwnyntas. Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 783. 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 158. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 292, fig. 81. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 265. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 
 Everes comyntas, Scudder, But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 911; III, pis. 6, 14,24, 65, 75,84.
 
 84 
 
 Very common from June to September, collecting with Colias philodice 
 and the two species of Phydodes about muddy spots in the roads. Also, 
 often found in fields of clover, upon which plant the larvse feed, or along 
 dry hillsides, where grow the other food plants, species of Desmodhim and 
 Lespedeza. 
 
 ANCYLOXYPHA, Felder. 
 
 71. (448.) ANCYLOXYPHA NUMITOR, Fab. The Bordered Skipper. 
 
 The Least Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila numitor, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 120. 
 
 Ancyloxypha mimitor, French, But, E. U. 8., 1886, 301. . 
 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, Dec., 1886, 62. 
 Scudder, But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 
 
 II, 1558; III, pis. 10, 13, 29, 66, 73. 
 
 Heteropterus marginatus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 308, fig. 131. 
 
 This, the smallest pecies of Hesperidtv, is a very common butterfly 
 
 from mid-June until October. It is found hovering among the tall grasses 
 
 and sedges which grow along the margins of ditches and ponds. There 
 
 are three broods each season, and chrysalids from the last one hibernate. 
 
 THYMELICUS, Speyer. 
 
 72. (455.) THYMELICUS POWESHIEK, Park. 
 
 T hymdww poweshiek, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 301. 
 Oarima pmveshiek, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1859. 
 
 A Western species, not before recorded east of Illinois. It occurs in 
 small numbers about Whitings, Lake County. 
 
 PAMPHILA, Fabricius. 
 
 This genus of butterflies, which outranks all others in point of num- 
 bers, is represented in Indiana by twenty-two known species, the major- 
 ity of which occur throughout the State. 
 
 Many species are usually overlooked by tyro collectors, as they are 
 mall in size, dull in color, and are usually seen at rest rather than in 
 active motion. When disturbed, they fly low and but a short distance at 
 a time, moving with a peculiar jerking flight similar to that of the Neonym- 
 phas. In repose the hind wings, instead of being folded above the body, 
 are spread horizontally and meet the fore ones, which are also held in a 
 peculiar position, so as to form a right angle. 
 
 But few are to be found before June 1, but about that time certain 
 species become common among the tall, rank grasses and sedges which 
 grow in damp places and upon which most of the larvse feed. Others
 
 are found abundantly in clover fields, and later on the flowers of thistles, 
 ironweeds, marigolds, and other showy Composite attract them in large 
 numbers. 
 
 73. (456.) PAMPHILA MASSASOIT, Scudd. The Mulberry Wing. 
 
 PamphUa massasoit, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 302. 
 
 Poanes massasoit, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 1597; 
 
 III, pis. 10, 29, 37. 
 
 Ranges from New England to Nebraska, but noted in Indiana only in 
 Lake County, where it is rare. 
 
 74. (457.) PAMPHILA ZABULON, Bd.-Lec. The Zabulon Skipper. 
 
 The Mormon. 
 PamphUa zabulon, Morris, Lep. N. A.., 1862, 116. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 303, figs 82, 83. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, December, 1886, 62. 
 Atrytone zabulon, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1617; 
 III, pis. 10, 13, 30, 66, 77. (All forms.) 
 
 74. (a.) PAMPHILA ZABULON HOBOMOK, Harris. Hobomok Skipper. 
 Hesperia hobomok, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 313, fig. 137. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1S62, 110. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 269. 
 PamphUa zabulon hobomok, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 303. 
 
 74. (b.) PAMPHILA ZABULON QUADRA QUINA, Scudder. 
 
 PamphUa zabulon qiladraquina, French, But. E. U. S. , 1886, 304. 
 Blatchley, Hoos Nat., II, Decem- 
 ber, 1886, 62. 
 
 A variable and common species.. The three varieties, whose synonymy 
 is given above, are found in Indiana. Of these zabulon is by far the most 
 common, Var. hobomok has been taken only in Decatur County. This 
 is the first Pamphila to be seen in spring in Central Indiana, numerous 
 specimens of zabulon having been taken from the flowers of violets on 
 May 15, 1891. The female form quadraquina was seen a week later. 
 
 75. (466.) PAMPHILA SASSACUS, Harris. The Sassacus Skipper. 
 
 Hesperia sassaeus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 315. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 110. 
 Pamphila sassaeus, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 159. 
 
 Id., But. E.'U. S., 1886, 305. 
 Erynnis sassaeus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889,11, 
 
 1641 ; III, pis. 10, 30, 66, 73. 
 
 A common species in the northern part of the State, but not found as 
 yet in the southern. The larvae feed upon crab grass, Panicum sanguin- 
 ale, and the butterfly may be taken during June and the first half of 
 July.
 
 36 
 
 76. (491.) PAMPHILA HURON, Edw. The Huron Skipper. The 
 
 Sachem. 
 
 Pamphila huron, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 159. 
 Id., But, E. U. S., 1886, 312. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, December, 1886, 62, 
 Atalopedes huron, Scudder, But. E. U. S., II, 1661 ; III, pis. 17, 
 
 31, 77, 85. 
 
 A fairly common Pamphila throughout the State. On October 28 T 
 1890, a large number were taken by the fingers from the heads of 
 thistles. They seemed to be in a comatose condition, although the day 
 was quite warm and pleasant. It is triple brooded, the imagoes ap- 
 pearing in May, July and September. 
 
 77. (493.) PAMPHILA PHYL^EUS. Drury. The Fiery Skipper. 
 
 P. phylmis, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 118. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 313. 
 Hylephila phylceus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, H r 
 
 1630; III. pis. 17, 30, 77, 85. 
 
 A southern species, which in Indiana has been taken only in Jefferson 
 County. 
 
 78. (499.) PAMPHILA OTHO EGEREMET, Scudd. The Otho Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila otho, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 
 
 160. 
 Pamphila otho egereimt, French, But. E, U. S., 1886, 316. 
 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, Dec. 1886, 62. 
 Thymelicus cetna, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, 
 
 II, 1696; III, pis. 10, 31, 77, 85. 
 In all parts of the State, but scarce and variable. 
 With us it flies from June 20 till mid-September, and frequents low, 
 open meadows and roadsides. 
 
 79. (500.) PAMPHILA PECRIUS, Kirby. Peck's Skipper. The Yel- 
 
 low Spot. 
 
 Hesperia peckim, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 315, fig. 139. 
 Pamphila peckim, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. Ill , 1878, 1HO. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 317, fig. 84. 
 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II., Dec. 1886, 62. 
 Polite* peckim, Scudder, But. E. U. S., 1889, II, 1683; 
 
 III, pis. 10, 13, 31, 66, 80. 
 
 Pamphila peckii, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 120. 
 Hasperiawamnxtta, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 318, fig. 141. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 111. 
 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 270.
 
 37 
 
 The most common species of Pamphila throughout the State, and the 
 one most frequently found in upland woods on the flowers of Composite. 
 It flies from June till October, and winters as chrysalis or mature larva. 
 
 -80. (504.) PAMPHILA CERNES, Bd.-Lec. The Cernes Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila carries, French, Sev. Rep. St. Eut. 111., 1878, 160. 
 Id., But, E. U. S., 1886, 320. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 Hesperia ahaton, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 317, fig. 140. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 111. 
 PamphUa origenes, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 117. 
 Pamphila ihaumas, Morris, Lep/N. A., 1862, 119. , 
 Pamphila arogos, Morris, loc. cit., 1862, 118. 
 Limochores laumas, Scudder, But. E. U. S., 1889, II, 1725; III, 
 
 pis. 10, 13, 32, 66, 77, 85. 
 
 Next to the preceding in abundance, and one of the prettiest of the 
 genus. In this State it is on the wing from May 25 until October, 
 and frequents open woods Avhere flowers abound. 
 
 81. (505.) PAMPHILA MANATAAQUA, Scudd. The Cross Line Skipper. 
 Pamphila manataaqua, French, Sev. Rep. St. Eut. III., 1878, 160. 
 
 Id., But, E. U. S., 1886, 323. 
 Limochores manataaqua, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 
 
 1720; III, pis. 10, 32, 66, 73. 
 Hesperia cemes, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 316. 
 
 Very common in the northern part of the State, but much less so in 
 the southern, where it has been taken only in Vigo County. 
 
 82. (506.) PAMPHILA VERNA, Edw. The Vernal Skipper. The 
 
 Little Glass Wing. 
 
 Pamphila verna, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 324. 
 Euphyes verna, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1742; III, 
 
 pis. 10, 31, 66, 77. 
 
 Edwards records this* species from Indiana, but gives no locality. It 
 has been taken by Worthington in Lake County. Otherwise unknown in 
 the State. 
 
 83. (507.) PAMPHILA VESTFIS, Bd. 
 
 Hesperia vestris, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 109. 
 
 Pamphila vestri*, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 325. 
 Two males of this species are in the writer's collection, one of which 
 was taken in Monroe, the other in Putnam County, both in the month of 
 August, from the flowers of iron weed. One was sent to Edwards for 
 verification, as it had been taken before only in California, Colorado and 
 Florida.
 
 88 
 
 84. (508.) PAMPHILA METACOMET, Harris. The Metacoraet Skipper, 
 
 Hesperia metacomet, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 317. 
 
 Morris, Lep. N. A ., 1862, 111. 
 
 Pamphtiametacomet, French, Sev.. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878,161. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 326. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, Dec., 1886, 62. 
 Euphyes metacomet, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1739; 
 
 III, pis. 10, 31, 66. 
 
 Taken occasionally in all parts of the State, but scarce where found. 
 The spots on the under side of the hind wing are wanting more often 
 than they are present. 
 
 85. (510.) PAMPHILA ACCIUS, Sm.-Abb. The Accius Skipper. The 
 
 Clouded Skipper. 
 Pamphila accim, French, But, E. U. S., 1886, 327. 
 
 Blatchley. Hoos. Nat., II, December, 1886, 62. 
 Lerema acciiis, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1768 ; III, 
 
 pis. 17, 32, 66, 77, 85. 
 
 This is a species of southern range. It was taken by the writer in 
 Monroe County on July 3, 1886, two worn specimens being secured. 
 
 86. (517.) PAMPHILA OOOLA, Edw. The Ocola Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila ocola, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 332. 
 
 Prenes ocola, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, p. 
 
 1866. 
 
 Recorded by Edwards as occurring at Whitings, Lake County, where 
 Worthington has found it in small numbers. 
 
 87. (523 ) PAMPHILA BIMACULA, Gr.-Rob. The Bright Rayed 
 
 Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila bimaada, French, But. E. U. S. I*<s6, :>34. 
 Limochores bimacula, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1718; 
 
 III, pis. 10, 32. 
 
 Rather common in the northern part of the State, but not known to 
 occur in the southern half. The butterflies may be taken on the wing" 
 during July and August, and are most frequently found in low, damp 
 meadows. 
 
 88. (524.) PAMPHLLA PONTIAO, Edw. The Pontiac Skipper. The 
 
 Black Da*h. 
 
 Pamphila pontiac, French, But. E. U. S., 186, 335. 
 Limochores pontiac, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1732; 
 
 III, pis. 17, 32. 
 
 Taken in Jefferson and Lake counties, and, therefore, probably found 
 throughout the State. It has a northern range, and Jefferson County is- 
 the most southern station at which it has been taken.
 
 39 
 
 89. (525.) PAMPHILA DION, Edw. The Dion Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila dion, French, But. E. U. S., 1886,^337. 
 
 Limochores palatka, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, p, 
 
 1863. 
 
 A northern butterfly recorded by Edwards, from Lake County, where 
 it has been collected by Worthirigton. 
 
 90. (530.) PAMPHILA DELAWARE, Edw. The Delaware Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila ddaware, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 342. 
 Atrytone logan, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II r 
 
 1614; III, pis. 17, 80. 
 
 Noted in three widely separated counties, and probably it is to be found 
 all over the State. Scarce. 
 
 91. (534) PAMPHILA OSYKA, Edw. The Osyka Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila osyka, French, But. E. U.'S., 1886, 345. 
 Euphyes osyka, Scudder, But E. U. S. and Can. , 1889, III, p. 
 1865. 
 
 Recorded by Edwards, from Whitings, Lake County. Locality verified 
 by Worthingtou, who reports it rare. 
 
 92. (538.) PAMPHILA FUSCA, Gr.-Rob. The Dusky Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila- fusca, French, But. E. U. S , 1886, 346. 
 A single specimen taken by the writer, in Monroe County, was referred 1 
 to this species, and the identification was verified by Mr. Edwards, to 
 whom it was sent. It has hitherto been collected only in the Gulf States- 
 
 93. (540.) PAMPHILA HIANNA, Scudd. The Hianua Skipper. The 
 
 Dusted Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila hianna, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 347. 
 Lerema Manna, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II T 
 
 1771 ; III, pis. 17, 32, 66, 77, 85. 
 Lake County, Lagrange County. Rare. Not taken south. 
 
 94. (541.) PAMPHILA VIATOR, Edw. The Viator Skipper. The 
 
 Broad-winged Skipper. 
 
 Pamphila viator, French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 347. 
 Phycanassa viator, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1604; III, pis. 17, 30, 59. 
 
 Taken in Putnam and Lake Counties, but not elsewhere. Scarce. The 
 habits and food plants are unknown.
 
 40 
 
 - AMBLYSCIRTES, Speyer. 
 
 95. (542.) AMBLYSCIRTES VIALIS, Edw. The Roadside Skipper. 
 Amblyscirtes vialis, French, Sev. Rep. St. Eut. 111., 1878, 161. 
 Id., But. E. U. S:, 1886, 348. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat , II, Dec , 1886, 62. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S., 1889, II, 1582; III, 
 
 pis. 10, 29, 66, 77, 85. 
 
 This neat little butterfly is frequent in the southern part of the State, 
 but seems to be unknown in the northern. It is found from May 10 till 
 September, along shady roads and fence rows, and is especially attracted 
 by the flowers of ground ivy, Nepeta (jlechoma. The larvse feed upon 
 grass. There are often four anteapical dots on fore wing?, instead of 
 three, the number given in the descriptions cited above. 
 
 PYRGUS, Westwood. 
 
 96. (554.) PYRGUS TESSELLATA, Scud. The Tessellated Skipper. 
 
 Pyryus tessellata, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 161. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 352, fig. 86. 
 Syrickthus ottus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 121. 
 Hesperia montivago, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1536 ; III, pis. 15, 29, 77, 85. 
 
 This species should occur throughout the State, but has been taken 
 only in Vigo and Jefferson Counties in the southern half. It appears 
 most common in late fall, when it is found about the borders of streams 
 and thickets. The food plants are different species of the Malvacece, as 
 hollyhock and Indian mallow, and the winter is supposed to be passed 
 in chrysalis. 
 
 NISONIADES, Speyer. 
 
 97. (561.) NISONIADES BRI/O, Bd.-Lec. The Brizo Skipper. 
 
 Thanaos brizo, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 309, fig. 132. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., II, 1500; 
 
 III, pis. 9, 13, 28, 77, 85. 
 Mnoniades brizo, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 114. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 354. 
 
 Vigo and Lake counties. Probably throughout the State, but rare. 
 Most commonly met with in midsummer and early fall in low ground 
 meadows. The larvse, according to Harris, feed upon leguminous 
 plants, such as Ijatliyrus, or vetchling, and the ground nut, Apios tube-
 
 41 
 
 98. (562.) NISONIADES ICELUS, Lintn. The Dreamy Dusky Wing. 
 
 Nisoniades icelus, French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 355. 
 
 Thanaos icelus, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can. , II, 1507 ; 
 
 III, pis. 9, 28, 77, 85. 
 
 Frequent in the northern half of the State, but not yet taken in the 
 southern. Habits same as preceding. Food plants, aspen, Pojndus 
 tremidoides, and willow. It is single brooded and hibernates as a full 
 fed larva in a nest which it forms from a leaf and lines with silk. 
 
 99. (564.) NISONIADES LUCILIUS, Lintn. Lucilius's Dusky Wing. 
 
 Thanaos Inciting, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 161. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1458; HE, pis. 9, 28, 77, 82. 
 
 Xltumades lucilius, French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 357. 
 Putnam and Lake counties. Scarce. Probably elsewhere as its food 
 plant, Aquilegia canadensis, or wild columbine, is found in all parts of 
 the State. It winters as larva and the imago may be taken from May 
 to September. 
 
 100. (565.) NISONIADES PERSIUS, Scudd. Persiua's Dusky Wing. 
 Xisoniades penius, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V, 1875, 786. 
 
 French, But. E. U. 8., 1886, 359. 
 Thanaos persius, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1468 , III, pis. 9, 28, 66, 77, 85. 
 
 Known to occur only in Lake County, but is probably present through- 
 out. Food plants, willow and poplar. 
 
 " The butterfly is fond of alighting on wet sand, and may most fre- 
 quently be found by shady roadsides, near woods. It flies with a strong, 
 rapid movement, especially when disturbed, and seldom passes from one 
 spot to an adjacent one without describing several irregular, rapid circles. 
 At such a time it rarely rises more than two or three inches above the 
 ground." SCUDDER. 
 
 101. (569.) NISONIADES MA.RTIALIS, Scud. Martial's Dusky Wing. 
 Nisoniades martialw, French, But. E. U. S, 1886, 362. 
 Thanaos martialis, Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1493; III, pis. 9,28, 66, 77, 85. 
 
 A rather frequent species in most, parts of the State. It may be taken 
 in June and July, in high, open woods and copses. 
 
 102. (570.) NISONIADES JUVENALIS, Fab. Juvenal's Skipper. 
 Thanaos juvenalis, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 309. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. Ill, 1878, 162. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. 8. and Can., II, 1476; 
 III, pis. 9, 28, 77, 85.
 
 42 
 
 Nisoniqdes juvenalis, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 114. 
 
 French, But. E. U. S., 1886, 363. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, Dec. 1886, 62. 
 
 This seems to be the most common species of the genus within our 
 limits, having been taken in all parts of the State. Itg habits, and food 
 plants, with the addition of oak, are essentially the same as those of 
 N. brizo. It winters as larva, and there are two broods each season. 
 
 PHOLISORA, Speyer. 
 
 103. (580.) PHOLISORA CATULLUS, Fab. The Sooty Wing. 
 Nisoniades catullus, Morris, L'ep. N. A., 1862, 115. 
 Pholisora catuUus, Mead, Rep. Wheeler Exp., V. 1875, 787. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 162. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 367, fig. 87. 
 Blatchley, Hoos.- Nat., II, Dec., 1886, 62. 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1519; III, pis. 9,29,66,77,85. 
 
 Very common in the southern counties, but less so north. Its favorite 
 resorts are the damp, sandy places along streams where it may be taken 
 in numbers from May to September. 
 
 The number, position, and size of the white spots on the fore wings 
 vary exceedii gly. The larvse feed upon the various species of Monarda, 
 Chenopodium and Ambrosia, and those of the second brood of the season 
 hibernate in nests which they form of a folded leaf. 
 
 104. (583.) PHOLISORA HAYHURSTK, Edw. The Southern Sooty- 
 
 wing. 
 Pholisora Jiayhurstii, French, But, E. U. S., 1886, 3(57. 
 
 Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, III, 
 
 1857. 
 
 Most common in southern counties, but found in small numbers 
 throughout. Its habits are the same as those of the preceding. Food 
 plant, unknown, but probably pigweed, Chenopodium album. 
 
 EUDAMtJS, Swainsou. 
 
 105. (588.) EUDAMUS PYLADES, Scud.- The Northern Cloudy-wing. 
 Eudamw pyMes, French, But. E. U. S , 1886, 368, fig. 88. 
 Th<yrybes pylades, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1436 ; III, pis. 9, 13, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 Eudamus bathyUus, Harris, Ins. Inj., 1862, 312, fig. 132. 
 Rather rare, but has been taken in four counties. It flies during June 
 and July in meadows and along the edges of woods. Food plants, are 
 clover, ground-nut, etc.
 
 43 
 
 106. (590). EUDAMUS BATHYLLUS, Sm.-Abb. The Southern Cloudy- 
 
 wing. 
 
 Hesperia bathyllus, Morris, Lep. N. A., 1862, 106. 
 Eudamm bathyllus, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 162. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 369. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 269. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, 1886, 62. 
 Tlwrybes bathyllus, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 
 1432 ; in, pis. 17, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 Also a rare species, but probably found throughout. It frequents 
 fence rows and thickets from May 1 5 to September, and has been taken 
 in Monroe, Randolph and Lake counties. The larvse feed upon different 
 species of Leguminosce. 
 
 107. (595.) EUDAMUS LYCIDAS, Sm.-Abb. The Hoary Edge. 
 Hesperia lyeidas, Morris, Lep. N. A. , 1862, 106. 
 Eudamus lycidas, French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 162. 
 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 370. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, December, 1886, 63. 
 Aehalanis lyeidas, Scudder, But. E. U. S. and Can., 1889, II, 
 1418; III, pis. 9, 27, 66, 76, 85. 
 
 Rather frequent throughout. Most common in brier patches and along 
 the border of woods. May to September. The larv?e feed upon De*mo- 
 dium and allied plants, and the winter is passed in chrysalis. 
 
 108. (599.) EUDAMUS TITYRUS, Fab. The Tityrus Skipper. The 
 
 Silver Spot. 
 Eudamus tityrus, Harris, Ins. luj., 1862, 310, figs. 133, 134, pi. 
 
 V, fig. 1. 
 
 French, Sev. Rep. St. Ent. 111., 1878, 163. 
 Id., But. E. U. S., 1886, 374, figs. 89, 90. 
 Packard, Guide, 1883, 269. 
 Blatchley, Hoos. Nat., II, Dec. 1886, 62. 
 Goniloba tityrus, Morris, Lep, N. A., 1862, 112. 
 Epargyrem tityrus, Scudder, But, E. U. S. and Can., 1889, H 
 
 1399 ; III, pis. 9, 15, 27, 76, 82, 85. 
 
 Common in all parts of the 'State. The larvre feed upon the leaves of 
 many leguminous plants, chief among which is the common locust, and 
 the butterfly may usually be found near those trees, or hovering over 
 some bright colored flower in yard or garden. Another favorite resort is 
 a clump of blackberry bushes, about which it will flit for hours on a hot 
 day in midsummer. In Indiana it is single brooded, and hibernates in 
 the chrysalis. In the spring of 1891 the first specimen was token May
 
 44 
 
 10, and from that date onward it was frequently seen, even in the streets 
 of the city of Terre Haute. 
 
 *** 
 
 Collectors should be on the lookout for the following species whose 
 range, according to Edwards, includes Indiana or territory adjacent to 
 Indiana, but which have not as yet been taken within the State : 
 
 1. Terias mexicana, Bd. Taken in Iowa and Illinois. 
 
 2. Melitcea hwrisii, Scudd. New England to Wisconsin. 
 
 3. Phyciodes batesii, Peak. Ohio. 
 
 4. Phyciodes carlota, Peak. Southern and "Western States. * W. Va. 
 
 5. Graptafaunus, Edw. Atlantic to Pacific. (Northern range.) 
 
 6. Limenitis dissippus floridensis, Str. Illinois. 
 
 7. Neonympha sosybius, Fab. Mississippi Valley. 
 
 8. Calephelis borecdis, Gr.-Rob. New York to Illinois. 
 
 9. Thecla acadica, Edw. Northern States. 
 
 10. Thecla irus, Godt. Atlantic and Western States. 
 
 11. Thecla niphon, Hub. Atlantic and Western States. 
 
 12. Theda keta, Edw. Atlantic and Western States. 
 
 13. Lyccena lygdamas, Doubl. Michigan, Wisconsin to Georgia. 
 
 14. Lyccena scudderii, Edw. New York to Wisconsin. 
 
 15. Lyccena striata, Edw. Texas to Wisconsin. 
 
 16. Carterocephalas omaha, Edw. West Virginia to Colorado. 
 
 17. Pamphila metea, Scudd. New York to Colorado. 
 
 18. Pamphila uncos, Edw. Delaware to Dakota. 
 
 19. Pamphila seminole, Scudd. New York to Iowa. 
 
 20. Pamphila lemiardus, Harr. New England to Kansas. 
 
 21. Pamphila mystic, Scudd. Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan 
 
 22. Amblyscirtes samoset, Scudd. Mississippi Valley. 
 
 23. Pyrgus centamece, Ramb. New York to Colorado. 
 JUNE 25, 1891.
 
 INDKX TO GKNKRA. 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 Agraulis 12 
 
 Amblyscirtes. . 40, 44 
 
 Ancyloxypha 34 
 
 Anthocharis 8 
 
 Apatura * 24 
 
 Argynnis 2, 13 
 
 Calephelis. . . . ' 44 
 
 Callidryas 9 
 
 Carterocephalus . . 44 
 
 Chrysophanus 31 
 
 Colias 
 
 Danais 12 
 
 Debis 25 
 
 Eudamus 42 
 
 Euptoieta 16 
 
 Feniaeca 31 
 
 Grapta 17,44 
 
 Junonia 22 
 
 Lileythea 27 
 
 Limenitis 22, 44 
 
 Lycfena 32, 44 
 
 Melitjea 16,44 
 
 Nathalie 
 
 Neonympha 26, 44 
 
 Nisoniades 40 
 
 Pamphila 34, 44 
 
 Paphia . . 25 
 
 Paprlo 
 
 Pholisora 42 
 
 Phyciodea 17,44 
 
 Pieris 
 
 Pyrameis 20 
 
 Pyrgus 40, 44 
 
 Satyrus 26 
 
 Teria ", 
 
 Thecla 28 - 44 
 
 Thymelicus ; 
 
 VanesBa ' ^
 
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