p 
 
LIOLOGY 
 
 EDUC. 
 
 PSYCH. 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 1 lie John ). mtd H anna M. McManus 
 
 NfoRKis N. and CiiF.si ky V. Young 
 
 Collertinn 
 
ike 
 
o 
 o 
 
 w 
 X 
 H 
 
 c>) 
 
 Q 
 
 O 
 Q 
 t— I 
 
 Q 
 
 < 
 
 Oh 
 
 U 
 H 
 
 '?.''_ 
 
 « 
 
TELEPATHY 
 
 GENUINE AND FRAUDULENT 
 BY 
 
 W. W. BAGGALLY 
 
 Member of the Council of the Society for Psychical Research 
 
 WITH A PREFACE BY 
 
 SIR OLIVER LODGE, F.R.S. 
 
 THE MARLOWE COMPANY 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
Copyright 1918 
 
 By the 
 
 MARLOWE COMPANY 
 
 CHICAGO. ILL. 
 
 GIFT 
 
PREFATORY NOTE 
 
 My friend, Mr. W. W. Baggally, an experienced 
 investigator of super-normal phenomena, has set down 
 some of his experiences in connection with the subject 
 of Telepathy, and I heartily commend his book to the 
 public as the record of a careful, conscientious, and 
 exceptionally skilled and critical investigator. It 
 would be difficult to find anyone more competent by 
 training and capacity to examine into the genuineness 
 of these subtle and elusive phenomena, which yet are of 
 the utmost importance in the development of psycho- 
 logical science. Telepathy, or the direct action of 
 mind on mind apart from the ordinary channels of 
 sense, opens a new chapter; it is not a coping-stone 
 completing an erection, but a foundation-stone on 
 which to build. 
 
 OLIVER J. LODGE. 
 
 941 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PART I 
 
 GENUINE TELEPATHY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Experimental Telepathy 7 
 
 Spontaneous Telepathy 21 
 
 Telepathy Between Human Beings and Animals. . 31 
 
 PART II 
 
 FRAUDULENT TELEPATHY 
 
 Accounts of Cases 35 
 
 Description of Various Methods Used by Public 
 Performers for Effecting Their So-called Trans- 
 mission of Thought 52 
 
 PART III 
 
 THE ZANCIGS 
 
 Public Experiments 61 
 
 Private Experiments 63 
 
 Experiments before Committees 72 
 
 Importance of Establishing Genuine Telepathy as 
 a Scientific Fact 80 
 
 5 
 
TELEPATHY 
 
 PART I 
 
 GENUINE TELEPATHY 
 
 Sir William F. Barrett, one of the founders of the 
 Society for Psychical Research, more than forty years 
 ago tried some experiments which led him to believe 
 that something then new to science, which he provi- 
 sionally called "thought transference" and which is 
 now known as "telepathy," really existed. 
 
 At the first general meeting of the Society, on July 
 17, 1882, he read a paper entitled "First Report on 
 Mind Reading." 
 
 Since that date the Society has carried out a great 
 number of experiments which tend to show that telep- 
 athy is a scientific fact. The evidence for its existence 
 is twofold — that which can be gathered experimen- 
 tally, and that which arises spontaneously. To 
 the first category belong those experiments in the 
 transmission of the images of drawings or diagrams 
 by means of an effort of the will of a person known 
 as the agent to the mind of another person designated 
 
 7 
 
8 TELEPATHY 
 
 the percipient, when the transmission is carried out 
 otherwise than through the ordinary channel of the 
 senses. To the second category belong those hallu- 
 cinations of seeing a person at the moment of death 
 or at a crisis, evidence for which has been obtained 
 abundantly by the Society for Psychical Research 
 and has been embodied in the work Phaulasms of the 
 Lii'ing, and in the Census of Hallucinations — a report 
 on which appeared in the Proceedings of the Society in 
 1894. 
 
 There are several theories to explain the action 
 of telepathy. The first compares it to wireless teleg- 
 raphy. On this hypothesis it is supposed that it is 
 due to ethereal wave action : Thought causes motion 
 in the brain cells of the agent, the cells then impart 
 motion to the surrounding ether in the form of waves 
 which impinge on the brain cells of the percipient and 
 give rise to a corresi>onding thought to that which 
 started the ethereal wave motion. 
 
 This theory offers great difficulties. An opponent 
 to it points out that "A wireless message is trans- 
 mitted by a succession of single ethereal wave impulses 
 produced hy the electric sparks at the starting station 
 and received by the coherer at the receiving station, 
 whereas a diagram to be transmitted would require 
 a number of brain-waves produced simultaneously 
 and arranged in the form of the diagram." 
 
 Another mode of putting the matter recently ad- 
 
TELEPATHY 9 
 
 vanced is that the agent does not transmit his thought, 
 but that the percipient reads clairvoyantly what is in 
 the agent's mind. 
 
 There is also the spirituaUstic theory. It is asserted 
 that an external entity, or spirit, conveys the images 
 or thoughts from one mind to another. 
 
 Another theory is that telepathy takes place in the 
 subconscious mind, and that the subconscious mind 
 of the agent is in communication with the subconscious 
 mind of the percipient by means of the universal mind 
 underlying all things and of which individual subcon- 
 scious minds form part. 
 
 Not one of these theories has been accepted as 
 proved by the Society for Psychical Research. In 
 cases of spontaneous telepathy it is now generally 
 believed that the appearance of a person at the time 
 of death or at a crisis is not caused by an objective 
 bodily ghost, but arises from a telepathic impact 
 from the agent formulating itself into his image in 
 the mind of the percipient. 
 
 In the case of two persons seeing an apparition at 
 the same time, this may be due to the two percipients 
 receiving each, separately, a telepathic impression, or 
 there may be only one percipient who telepathically 
 impresses the hallucination on the mind of the second 
 person. 
 
 I will now proceed to relate some cases of telepathy 
 which have come under my personal observation. My 
 
10 TELEPATHY 
 
 first experiment in the transmission of images of 
 drawings and diagrams took place in the rooms of the 
 Society for Psychical Research in May, 1902. A 
 private lady, Miss M. Telbin, acted as percipient, and 
 I acted as agent. There were present at the time Mr. 
 J. G. Piddington, Honorary Secretary of the Society, 
 and Mr. Thomas, the then Acting Secretary, 
 
 During the first experiment Miss Telbin, who was 
 a stranger to me, sat with her back towards a large 
 opaque screen. In front of her stood a small table 
 upon which rested a crystal ball. She was asked to 
 gaze at the crystal and to describe any vision that 
 might appear to form itself therein. I may parenthet- 
 ically remark that the object of cr>-stal-gazing is to 
 concentrate the mind and to withdraw it from out- 
 ward influences. The vision seen in the crystal does 
 not exist objectively, but only in the mind of the 
 seer. On the other side of the screen, entirely hidden 
 from the view of Miss Telbin, sat ^^r. Piddington 
 and myself. This gentleman proceeded to take from 
 a box, which was behind the screen and on the floor 
 between his and my chairs, various articles, and to 
 hand them silently, one at a time, to me. I then con- 
 centrated my thoughts successively on each article. 
 Miss Telbin gave an account of what she saw in the 
 crystal, and Mr. Thomas, who sat in such a position 
 that both Mr. Piddington and myself were hidden 
 from his view, took notes of what occurred. 
 
TELEPATHY II' 
 
 The first article handed me was a Windsor Maga- 
 zine, on the cover of which there was an engraving of 
 Windsor Castle. I concentrated my thoughts on this 
 engraving, and Miss Telbin then gave a description of 
 the vision that presented itself to her mental view. 
 
 She first observed that she could see trees on the left 
 side of the picture, and cottages also on the left, and 
 that there was water. 
 
 These details were correct so far as they went, but 
 the subsequent details that she gave were incorrect, and 
 the experiment was abandoned as a failure. I then 
 replaced the magazine in the box from which it had 
 'been taken, so that Miss Telbin had no opportunity of 
 seeing the magazine during the experiment nor after. 
 
 Other experiments were being tried when Miss Tel- 
 bin spontaneously said that she had had a vision of 
 Windsor Castle. 
 
 This experiment may be regarded as a case of 
 deferred telepathy. 
 
 Another experiment with the same lady, in which 
 simultaneous double telepathy occurred, is of better 
 evidential value. 
 
 Miss Telbin again sat with her back to the screen, 
 and instead of the crystal a piece of paper and a pencil 
 were placed on the table in front of her. 
 
 This time Mr. Thomas and I sat behind the screen 
 hidden from her view, and Mr. J. G. Piddington took 
 notes. Mr. Thomas and I acted as simultaneous 
 
12 
 
 TELEPATHY 
 
 agents. We each held a small piece of cardboard with 
 a diagram on it known to the agent viewing it, but not 
 to the other agent. These diagrams belonged to the 
 Society for Psychical Research and had not been seen 
 by Mr. Thomas nor by me previous to the experiment. 
 They were in a box which was at our feet behind the 
 screen. We each took a diagram from the box, taking 
 care that we did not see each other's diagram. 
 
 We concentrated our minds on our respective dia- 
 grams, and Miss Telbin drew her impressions on the 
 piece of paper in front of her. The following drawings 
 show the results : — 
 
 Mr. Baggally's 
 Diagram. 
 
 & 
 
 Miss Tklbin's 
 Drawing. 
 
 Mr. Thomas's 
 Diagram. 
 
 Miss Tklbin's 
 Drawing. 
 
 At the time that Miss Telbin got the impression of 
 the diagram with three sections, she made the remark 
 that it looked like three leaves. 
 
TELEPATHY 13 
 
 The correspondence between the drawings and the 
 diagrams is very great, and difficult to account for by 
 chance. 
 
 The following points have to be considered. First, 
 that Miss Telbin only made two drawings and not 
 many from which two might have been selected in 
 which there was a resemblance to the diagrams. Sec- 
 ondly, that Mr. Thomas's diagram was correctly repro- 
 duced although in a reversed position (the reversal of 
 a figure sometimes happens in experiments in telep- 
 athy). Thirdly, that my diagram of three triangles, 
 although not reproduced in the form of triangles, was 
 drawn correctly as regards there being three sections, 
 and that the relative position of the sections was given 
 correctly. Fourthly, that Miss Telbin had not pre- 
 viously seen any of the diagrams, and therefore the 
 chances against her being able to hit upon any diagram 
 which was then being used were very great. Fifthly, 
 that the chances against her being able to hit upon 
 two diagrams simultaneously were even greater. 
 
 The explanation that the result might have been due 
 to collusion between the persons experimenting of 
 course cannot be entertained, at least by myself, who 
 was one of the experimenters. 
 
 It was not possible for the percipient to see through 
 the large screen which was behind her, and there were 
 no mirrors in the room in which the small diagrams 
 could have been reflected. No word was spoken to 
 
14 TELEPATHY 
 
 give her the slightest clue. These two successful tele- 
 pathic exjK-rinients led to further ones at a distance 
 between this lady and myself. 
 
 It will be of interest to insert here an account of an 
 experiment in telepathy, similar to the one 1 have just 
 described, between two agents and one percipient, 
 which Sir Oliver Lodge carried out in the year 1884. 
 
 When the experiment was tried with Miss Telbin, 
 Mr. Thomas, and myself I was not aware that Sir 
 OHver Lodge had already tried an experiment of a like 
 nature. 
 
 Sir Oliver Lodge's Account 
 
 "My own first actual experience of thought transfer- 
 ence, or experimental telepathy, was obtained in the 
 years 1883 and 1884 at Liverpool, when I was invited 
 by Mr. Malcolm Guthrie of that city to join in an 
 investigation which he was conducting with the aid of 
 one or two persons who had turned out to be sensitive, 
 from among the employees of the large drapery firm of 
 George Henry Lee & Co. 
 
 "A large number of these experiments had been con- 
 ducted before I was asked to join, throughout the 
 spring and autumn of 1S83, but it is better for me to 
 adhere strictly to my own experience and to relate only 
 those experiments over which I had control. 
 
 "Most of these experiments were confirmations of 
 the kind of thing that had been observed by other 
 
TELEPATHY 15 
 
 experimenters. But one experiment which I tried was 
 definitely novel, and, as it seems to me, important; 
 since it clearly showed that when two agents are acting, 
 each contributes to the effect, and that the result is 
 due, not to one alone, but to both combined. The 
 experiment is thus described by me in the columns of 
 Nature, vol. xxx., page 145, for June 12, 1884: 
 
 "An Experiment in Thought Transference 
 
 "Those of your readers who are interested in the 
 subject of thought transference, now being investi- 
 gated, may be glad to hear of a little experiment which 
 I recently tried here. The series of experiments was 
 originated and carried on in this city by Mr. Malcolm 
 Guthrie, and he has prevailed on me, on Dr. Herdman, 
 and on one or two other more or less scientific wit- 
 nesses, to be present on several occasions, critically to 
 examine the conditions, and to impose any fresh ones 
 that we thought desirable. I need not enter into par- 
 ticulars, but I will just say that the conditions under 
 which apparent transference of thought occurs from 
 one or rfiore persons, steadfastly thinking, to another in 
 the same room blindfold and wholly disconnected from 
 the others, seem to me absolutely satisfactory, and such 
 as to preclude the possibility of conscious collusion on 
 the one hand or unconscious muscular indication on 
 the other. 
 
 "One evening last week — after two thinkers, or 
 
i6 TELEPATHY 
 
 agents, had been several times successful in instilling 
 the idea of some object or drawing, at which they were 
 looking, into the mind of the blindfold person, or per- 
 cipient — I brought into the room a double opaque sheet 
 of thick paper with a square drawn on one side and a 
 St. Andrew's cross or X on the other, and silently 
 arranged it between the two agents so that each looked 
 on one side without any notion of what was on the 
 other. The percipient was not informed in any way 
 that a novel modification was being made; and, as 
 usual, there was no contact of any sort or kind — a clear 
 space of several feet existing between each of the three 
 people. I thought that by this variation I should decide 
 whether one of the two agents was more active than 
 the other; or, supposing them about equal, whether two 
 ideas in two separate minds could be fused into one by 
 the percipient. 
 
 "In a ver}' short time the percipient made the fol- 
 lowing remarks, every one else being silent: 'The 
 thing won't keep still.' 'I seem to see things moving 
 about.' 'First I see a thing up there, and then one 
 down there.' 'I can't see either distinctly.' The object 
 was then hidden, and the percipient was told to take 
 off the bandage and to draw the impression in her 
 mind on a sheet of paper. She drew a square, and 
 then said, 'There was the other thing as well,' and drew 
 a cross inside the square from comer to comer, saying 
 afterwards, 'I don't know what made me put it inside.' 
 
TELEPATHY 
 
 17 
 
 X 
 
 Okiginals. 
 
 Kl 
 
 Rbpkoduction. 
 
 *'The experiment is no more conclusive as evidence 
 than fifty others that I have seen at Mr. Guthrie's, but 
 it seems to me somewhat interesting that two minds 
 should produce a disconnected sort of impression on 
 the mind of the percipient, quite different from the 
 single impression which we had usually obtained when 
 two agents were both looking at the same thing. Once, 
 for instance (to take a nearly corresponding case under 
 those conditions), when the object was a rude drawing 
 of the main lines in a Union Jack, the figure was re- 
 produced by the percipient as a whole without misgiv- 
 ing; except, indeed, that she expressed a doubt as to 
 whether its middle horizontal line were present or not, 
 and ultimately omitted it." 
 
 As I have said, the two successful telepathic experi- 
 ments which I have described, and which took place in 
 the rooms of the Society for Psychical Research, led 
 to further experiments at a distance between Miss Tel- 
 bin and myself. 
 
 ^ 
 
 OltlGINAL. 
 
 Rbproduction. 
 
i8 
 
 TELEPATHY 
 
 At 7 P.M. 
 
 I drew the followiog diagram 
 
 At 7.10 P.M. 
 I fixed my 
 flower 
 
 atteotioo 00 a 
 
 At 7.20 P.M. 
 
 I looked at a pair of opera- 
 glasses, at which I gazed first 
 lengthwise 
 
 00 
 
 then sideways 
 
 M 
 
 At 7 P.M. 
 Miss Tblbin's drawings 
 
 
 hi 7.10 P.M. 
 
 Miss Telbin obtained several 
 incorrect scrawls, but amongst 
 them one c{\ under which 
 she bad ^ written the 
 words \ 
 
 "First impression" 
 
 At 7.20 P.M. 
 
 Miss Tblbin's drawings 
 
 were— ^;:^ 
 
 First impression ^/ 
 
 A series of crescents /'V^ 
 And this drawing r\'^^ 
 Also four drawings \ 
 
 crouriaDCJD 
 
TELEPATHY 19 
 
 It was arranged that we should sit on certain days 
 in the week, and that at a fixed hour I should act as 
 agent and transmit to her my thoughts, she being at 
 the time in her residence in West Hampstead, and I 
 in Kensington. The distance between these localities 
 as the crow flies is four miles. The result of our first 
 sitting, which took place on May 20, 1902, is shown on 
 the preceding page. 
 
 There was no possibility that the agent or the per- 
 cipient could have copied the drawings, as the letters 
 embodying them that we wrote to each other were 
 posted on the evening of the same day and received by 
 the first post the following morning, having crossed in 
 the post. 
 
 Telepathy was clearly indicated in this experiment. 
 
 We continued trying experiments for some months 
 after, but did not get such good results as at the begin- 
 ning. On one occasion, however, we obtained a suc- 
 cessful negative result. I was not feeling well, and did 
 not fix my attention on any object. On the following 
 morning Miss Telbin's letter said, "I could get nothing 
 from you last night." It was, to say the least, curious 
 that she should not have received an impression on the 
 only night that I had not attempted to experiment. 
 
 On another occasion, when Miss Telbin was in Lon- 
 don and I in Folkestone, I arranged to transmit to her 
 the impression of a diagram on a certain day at 8 p. m. 
 It chanced that on that evening there was a perform- 
 
20 TELEPATHY 
 
 ance at the theater, at which my wife wished to be 
 present. I therefore decided to telegraph to Miss Tel- 
 bin that I would be unable to try the experiment that 
 night, but after a good deal of hesitation I changed my 
 mind, and thought that I would endeavor to transmit 
 the impression of the diagram on my way to the the- 
 ater. The letter that I received from Miss Telbin the 
 next day was to this effect : 
 
 "I got a good deal of writing last night which was 
 illegible, but amongst it I read the words 'going out' 
 and 'rain.' " 
 
 Now this may be a mere coincidence, but it was 
 strange that the words "going out" should correctly 
 represent the idea that was in my mind during a great 
 part of the preceding day. I had much worried, hesi- 
 tating whether I should telegraph or not. 
 
 The result appears to indicate the transmission of 
 my mental state. The word "rain" represented cor- 
 rectly the state of the weather at Folkestone, but, as 
 it often rains in England, this was of no evidential 
 value. 
 
 In regard to spontaneous telepathy I may bring 
 before the reader two cases which I personally investi- 
 gated, the percipient in the first case being a gentleman 
 who belonged to a circle which regularly met for the 
 
TELEPATHY 21 
 
 study of psychic phenomena, and of which circle I was 
 a member. 
 
 The percipient, Mr. John Policy, gave me an account 
 of his vision as follows : 
 
 "At a seance held within sound of Big Ben on May 
 8, 1901, there were present Airs. E. V. M., Mr. Thomas 
 Atwood, and myself. As Mr. Atwood resumed his 
 seat after delivering an address (about 8.30 p. m.) I 
 became aware of a vision which presented itself as 
 being some five feet distant from me, and displayed 
 part of the interior of a room, namely, that part where 
 the stove stood. The fire in the stove was small and 
 dull, and close beside it was an overturned chair. In 
 front of the fire was something that looked like a fire- 
 guard or clothes-horse, but this was not clear to me. 
 Playing, or climbing over this article, was a child, who 
 fell forward, and when it regained its feet I noticed 
 that its dress was on fire. I made no reference to the 
 matter at the time, as I had an impression that the vi- 
 sion might be connected with some occurrence in the 
 family of Mrs. M., and I was averse to mentioning it 
 for fear of awakening sad memories. Shortly after- 
 wards the whole vision was repeated, and this time I 
 had an uncontrollable impulse to speak. Upon describ- 
 ing what I had seen for the second time, I was much 
 relieved to hear that the matter was not recognized as 
 being connected in any way with the sitters. I may 
 
22 TELEPATHY 
 
 mention here the child appeared to be about three years 
 old, and judging from the style of dress, I described it 
 as a girl, although the vision would apply equally to a 
 boy, as at that early age the short clothes worn by both 
 sexes would be very similar. 
 
 "Next Thursday morning, May 9, 1901, upon awak- 
 ening, I described to my wife the events of the pre- 
 vious evening's seance. On the evening of the same 
 day, namely, Thursday, May 9th, I was out with a 
 friend, and upon my return home at 11.5 p. m., my 
 sister, Mary Louisa Policy, who resided with me at the 
 time, made the remark, *I have a piece of bad news for 
 you.* 'Well,' I replied, 'what is it? Let me know.' 
 And she answered, 'Brother George's little son, Jacky, 
 has been burned to death.' Like a flash I realized the 
 connection of the sad event with my vision of the pre- 
 vious night. I then asked my sister, 'How did you 
 know this, and when?' She replied, 'Mr. Fred Sinnett 
 told me when he came over to see us this evening.' 
 (Signed) '■Joh>j Pollcy" 
 
 I obtained from the other sitters at the seance the 
 following statement : 
 
 "At the seance held on the evening of Wednesday, 
 May 8, 1901, at which were present Mrs. E. V. M., Mr. 
 Thomas Atwood, and Mr. John Policy, we, the under- 
 signed, testify that Mr. John Policy gave to us a 
 
TELEPATHY 23 
 
 description of a vision of the burning of a child which 
 he saw at this seance. 
 
 (Signed in full) "E. V. M. 
 
 "Thomas At wood" 
 
 I personally interviewed Mr, John Policy's wife and 
 sister and received a written statement from each con- 
 firming Mr. Policy's account. 
 
 A local paper containing an account of the inquest 
 on the child states that the accident took place on 
 Tuesday, May 7, and the child was taken to a hospital 
 immediately and there died. The father of the child 
 wrote to me as follows : 
 
 "Dear Sir — In reply to your inquiry respecting my 
 late son, John Frederick, I beg to say that on Tuesday, 
 May 7, my wife went out to do some shopping, leaving 
 my son, aged two years and two months, in a bedroom 
 with another brother aged seven. Whilst the elder 
 brother was getting some toys to play with, the 
 deceased thrust some paper in the fire, pulled it out 
 again, and set fire to his clothes. Some neighbors took 
 him to the Children's Hospital, Paddington Green, 
 where he passed away on Wednesday, May 8th, at 
 11.45 a. m. No intimation of this was given by myself 
 or any member of our family to my brother, Mr. John 
 Policy, until a friend of the family called at my address 
 on Thursday, May 9th, between i and 2 p. m., when we 
 informed him of the sad loss that we had sustained, 
 
24 TELEPATHY 
 
 and he told us that he intended calling on my brother 
 that evening, and we asked him if he would communi- 
 cate the news to my brother and sister who reside at 
 Church Street, Stoke Xewington. Of course, Sir, you 
 know I am antagonistic to your views, but my brother 
 has told me it is for the interests of science. If this 
 is so, I take great pleasure in its furtherance. — Yours 
 sincerely, 
 
 (Signed) "Frederick George Polley" 
 
 In the above case it appears to me that the vision of 
 the burning child which Mr. John Polley saw arose out 
 of a spontaneous telepathic impression, either from 
 the mind of the father of the child to his brother's ( Mr. 
 John Policy's mind), or from the mind of one of the 
 persons who was cognizant of the sad event. 
 
 In regard to the second case of spontaneous telep- 
 athy to which I have referred, I cannot do better than 
 to give the account of same as it appeared in the Jour- 
 nal of the Society for Psychical Research of June, 
 1912: 
 
 "The following case of a reciprocal telepathic 
 impression occurring to two persons at the same time 
 has been communicated to us by Mr. W. \V. Baggally. 
 Both Miss Emma Steele and Mr. Claude Burgess, the 
 lady and gentleman concerned in the case, are known 
 personally to Mr. Baggally. 
 
 "Miss Steele writes as follows: 
 
TELEPATHY 25 
 
 " *i6 and 17 Sillwood Place, 
 
 " 'Brighton, March 13, 1912 
 
 " 'Mr, Claude Burgess, who is an invalid, had been 
 staying at my private hotel, at the above address, for 
 some months. He left on February 15th to take up his 
 residence at No. 10 Belgrave Place, Kemp Town, 
 Brighton. In the interval between the date of his leav- 
 ing and the night of the 5th inst., when I had the 
 remarkable dream (if it can be called a dream) which 
 I am about to relate, I had not seen Mr. Burgess, and 
 nothing had occurred to cause me to think particularly 
 about him. 
 
 " 'On the above night I retired to rest at my usual 
 time. I awoke finding myself standing in the middle 
 of my room and answering, "All right, I'm coming," 
 to Mr. Burgess, who, I thought, called three times: 
 ''Miss Steele ! Miss Steele ! Miss Steele I" 
 
 *' 'By the time I had put on my dressing-gown and 
 lighted the gas I was fully awake. I then remembered 
 Mr. Burgess was no longer in the house. I looked at 
 the clock and noticed it was exactly 3 a. m. When I 
 came downstairs next morning I told my cook my 
 dream, and remarked I hoped nothing had happened 
 to Mr. Burgess. During the next day, Wednesday, 
 March 6, in the afternoon, a man called while I was 
 out and left a note from Mr. Burgess, which I enclose. 
 I was much surprised by its contents. It struck me 
 
26 TELEPATHY 
 
 most forcibly getting it from him, as he is paralyzed 
 and has to write with great difficulty with his left hand. 
 He very seldom writes now, so it must have made a 
 great impression on him seeing me as he relates in his 
 letter, Emma M. Steele" 
 
 "The letter from Mr, Burgess to Miss Steele 
 referred to above, which is now in our possession, was 
 as follows: 
 
 "'lo Belgrave Place, Brighton 
 " 'My dear Emma. — I had a funny dream about you 
 last night, I dreamed that you appeared at about 3 
 a. m. Just a glimpse of you. It's funny isn't it? — 
 Yours, Claude Burgess' 
 
 "Miss Steele's cook made the following statement 
 to Mr. Baggally: 
 
 "'March n, jgi2 
 
 " 'On Wednesday morning, March 6th last. Miss 
 Emma Steele came down from her bedroom at 8.30. 
 I saw she was looking pale. I asked her if she were 
 not well. She replied that she had had a strange 
 dream. She heard Mr. Burgess call her three times. 
 She told me that she suddenly jumped up and put her 
 dressing-gown on. By the time she had put on her 
 dressing-gown and lit the gas she remembered Mr. 
 
TELEPATHY 2^ 
 
 Burgess had left the house. She said it was about 
 3 o'clock a. m. when she heard Mr. Burgess call. 
 
 (Signed) " 'Sarah Pollard' 
 
 "The following statement was written by Mr. Bag- 
 gaily on March 13, 1912, from Mr. Claude Burgess's 
 dictation : 
 
 " 'On Tuesday night, March 5, 1912, I woke up at 
 about 3 a. m. with a start. I saw Miss Emma Steele 
 standing at the door of my bedroom. I had closed the 
 door, but she appeared to have opened it. She was 
 attired in her ordinary dress. 
 
 " T was much surprised. It was an absolutely dis- 
 tinct apparition. I had not been thinking of her the 
 previous day, and I cannot tell why she appeared to 
 me. 
 
 " The apparition lasted about five seconds. I was 
 not at all frightened, and went to sleep immediately 
 after. 
 
 " T was so struck by what I had seen that, next 
 morning, March 6th, at about 11 o'clock, I wrote a let- 
 ter to Miss Steele which I handed to Mr. William Wat- 
 kins, the proprietor of the establishment where I now 
 reside, for him to send to Miss Steele. In this letter I 
 told Miss Steele that I had dreamed that she had 
 appeared to me on the previous night. 
 
 (Signed) "'Claude Burgess' " 
 
28 TELEPATHY 
 
 "In reply to Mr. Baggally's personal inquiries, Mr. 
 Claude Burgess stated that it was the first time that he 
 had had a hallucination of this kind, and he had not 
 had one since. 
 
 Statement by Mr. William IVatkins 
 
 " 'id Belgrave Place, 
 " 'Brighton, March /j, ipi2 
 " 'Mr. Claude Burgess delivered to me a letter which 
 he had written to Miss Steele, at about ii a. m. on 
 March 6th, which I handed to a man of the Church 
 Army Labor Home to take to Miss Steele. The same 
 morning at 8 a. m. Mr. Burgess told me he had dreamt 
 of Miss Steele. William Watkins' 
 
 Statement by Mr. Baggally 
 
 " 'I called on the afternoon of March 13, 1912, at the 
 offices of the Church Amiy Labor Home, St. James 
 Street, Brighton, and saw the Secretary', who showed 
 me an entry in their books confirming the fact that, at 
 the request of Mr. William Watkins. a man in their 
 employ had delivered a letter to Miss Emma Steele of 
 16 Sillwood Place, Brighton, in the afternoon of March 
 6, 1912. 
 
 " 'I have interviewed all the persons connected with 
 this case, and they confirmed their respective state- 
 ments. ' W. W. Baggally' 
 
TELEPATHY 29 
 
 "In reply to our further questions as to whether Mr. 
 Burgess's experience was a dream or a waking haUu- 
 cination, Mr. Baggally wrote to us on April i, 1912: 
 
 '* *I had an interview with Mr. Burgess to-day, and 
 the following is the information I received from him 
 respecting the points you raise. He said to me : 
 
 " ' "(i) I used the word 'dream' in my letter to Miss 
 Steele for want of a better word. (2) I woke up and 
 then had the vision of Miss Steele. (3) I did not 
 notice anything in the room at the time I had the 
 vision. The room appeared dark. (4) Miss Steele 
 appeared to me in a bright light, not self-luminous or 
 phosphorescent, but just as she would have appeared 
 in daylight. She appeared to me in the part of the 
 room where the door was." ' 
 
 "Mrs. Baggally sends us the following statement 
 enclosed in a letter dated April 27, 191 2 : 
 
 " T was in the drawing-room of Miss E. Steele's 
 sister on the evening of Wednesday, March 6th, when 
 Miss Emma Steele came in, saying in an excited man- 
 ner, ''Where is Mr. Baggally? He will be so interested 
 in this." 
 
 " 'She held in her hand a letter from Mr. Burgess, 
 and proceeded to tell me that the previous night she 
 had heard, as she thought, Mr. Burgess fall on the floor 
 
30 TELEPATHY 
 
 of the bedroom over her own. She sprang out of bed. 
 
 " 'Finding herself in the middle of the room, she 
 heard him call "Miss Steele!" three times. She then 
 suddenly remembered that Mr. Burgess was no longer 
 living in her hotel. She struck a light, looked at the 
 clock, and found it was 3 o'clock. The following morn- 
 ing she felt so tired that when giving orders to her 
 cook, the latter noticed her fatigue and commented 
 upon it. She told the cook the reason was that she 
 heard Mr. Burgess apparently calling her at 3 o'clock. 
 
 " 'Miss Steele proceeded to say that Mr. Burgess 
 had, curiously enough, sent her that afternoon the note 
 which at that moment she held in her hand, and in 
 which he told her that he dreamt she had appeared to 
 him at 3 a. m. the previous night. 
 
 " 'Miss Steele appeared much impressed and won- 
 dered if anything had happened to Mr. Burgess. I in- 
 formed my husband that same night, on his return 
 home, of what Miss E. Steele had told me. 
 
 " 'Laura E. Baggally' 
 
 " 'On my return home on the evening of March 6th 
 my wife related to me what appears in her statement 
 above. 
 
 "'W. \V. B.\gc.ally"' 
 
 The above case is evidentially a good one, inasmuch 
 as both Miss Emma Steele and Mr. Burgess each 
 
TELEPATHY 31 
 
 reported on the morning of March 6th (the one to her 
 cook and the other to his landlord) their experiences 
 of the previous night before either of them was aware 
 that a reciprocal telepathic impression had occurred 
 between them. 
 
 There appears to be evidence that telepathy can also 
 occur between the mind of a human being and that of 
 an animal. The reader will doubtless recollect Mr. H. 
 Rider Haggard's case which appeared in the public 
 press. This gentleman, on the night of Saturday, July 
 9, 1904, dreamed that a favorite dog of his eldest 
 daughter was lying on its side among brushwood by 
 water, and that it was trying to transmit in an unde- 
 fined fashion the knowledge that it was dying. Next 
 day the dog was missing. The body of the dog was 
 subsequently found floating in the water near a bridge. 
 An examination of the attendant circumstances pointed 
 to the dog having met its death on the night of Mr. 
 Rider Haggard's dream. As a result of this gentleman 
 having made public this experience, he received from 
 numerous correspondents accounts of telepathy 
 between the minds of the writers of the letters and the 
 minds of animals. These accounts were sent by Mr. 
 Rider Haggard to the Secretary of the S. P. R., who 
 handed them to me for investigation. 
 
 A very good case was that communicated by Lady 
 C. The following is the account of her experience : 
 
32 TELEPATHY 
 
 "On one hot Sunday afternoon in the summer of 
 1900 I went, after hmcheon, to pay my customary visit 
 to tne stables to give sugar and carrots to the horses, 
 among the number being a favorite mare named Kitty. 
 She was a shy, nervous, well-bred animal, and there 
 existed between us a great and unusual sympathy. I 
 used to ride her every morning before breakfast 
 (whatever the weather might be) — quiet, solitary rides 
 on the clifYs which overhung the sea at Castle F., and it 
 always seemed to me that Kitty enjoyed that hour in 
 the freshness of the day as much as I did. On this 
 particular afternoon I left the stables, and walked 
 along to the garden, a distance of a quarter of a mile, 
 and established myself under a tree with an interesting 
 book, fully intending to remain there for a couple of 
 hours. After about twenty minutes an uncomfortable 
 sensation came between me and my reading, and at 
 once I felt sure that there was something the matter 
 with Kitty. I tried to put the feeling from me, and to 
 go on with my book, but the impression grew stronger, 
 and I felt compelled to hasten back to the stables. I 
 went straight to Kitty's box and found her 'cast,' and 
 in urgent need of help. The stablemen were in a dis- 
 tant part of the stables, whence I fetched them to have 
 the mare up. Their surprise was great to find me in 
 the stables for the second time that afternoon." 
 
 I wrote to Lady C, and received the following reply : 
 
TELEPATHY 33 
 
 ''December -?/, 1^04 
 "Lady C. would be glad indeed to have the case 
 investigated, as it always seemed to her to be of the 
 greatest possible interest. At the same time, it may be 
 difficult at this date to get a statement from the stable- 
 men, one of whom is somewhere in England, but Lady 
 C. will try to do so. She is absolutely convinced that 
 no one entered the stable. Had the stablemen done so 
 they would at once have helped the mare to get up, and 
 anyone else would have given the alarm. It seems a 
 direct case of telepathy from animal mind to human." 
 
 Lady C. afterwards sent me a statement from a for- 
 mer coachman ; it is this : 
 
 December 31, IQ04 
 
 'T was coachman at Castle F. at the time. Lady C. 
 came to the stables after luncheon as usual on a Sun- 
 day afternoon with carrots and sugar for the horses. 
 Kitty was then loose in her box and quite well. I then 
 went to my room over the stables, the other stablemen 
 being also upstairs, and to my surprise, after half an 
 hour or three-quarters of an hour later, her ladyship, 
 who had been to the garden, called me and the other 
 stablemen to come and help Kitty up, as she was lying 
 'cast* ^ in her box. No one had gone into the stable in 
 the interval. 
 
 (Signed) "E. N." 
 
 *This word is used by veterinary surgeons to describe the 
 state of a horse that has fallen down in its box in a stable and 
 cannot rise. 
 
34 TELEPATHY 
 
 Telepathy may possibly exist between the mind of 
 an animal and that of a human being and z'ice versa, 
 but a sufficient number of cases have not been collected 
 to establish this as a fact 
 
 ^ 
 
PART II 
 
 FRAUDULENT TELEPATHY 
 
 I now come to another class of so-called thought 
 transference — that exhibited at public entertainments 
 in which genuine telepathy plays no part. 
 
 On November 25, 1912, Miss Isabel Newton, the 
 Secretary of the Society for Psychical Research, and I 
 attended the demonstration given by Yoga [sic] Rama 
 of his alleged occult powers at the ''Little Theater," 
 Adelphi. 
 
 Accounts had appeared in the public press of a pre- 
 vious private performance given by this so-called Abys- 
 sinian Mystic, at which Sir John Simon, the Solicitor- 
 General, Mr. Bernard Shaw, and Mr. Anthony Hope 
 had assisted, and it was stated that Yoga Rama had 
 been able to read the thoughts of the Solicitor-General 
 by supernormal means. 
 
 In order to demonstrate, in a public manner, the 
 alleged occult power of this "psychic," a stage per- 
 formance was given at the "Little Theater" on the 
 afternoon of the above-mentioned date. A large 
 audience was present, and their expectations of wit- 
 nessing manifestations of an occult nature were raised 
 
 35 
 
36 TELEPATHY 
 
 by the contents of the program, wherein it appeared 
 that Yoga Rama was to give a demonstration of "The 
 power of mind over mind" by means of — 
 
 "i. Clairaudience. 
 
 "2. The possibiHty of the interpretation of vibra- 
 tions without the aid of sound. 
 
 "3. Psychometry by sense of touch. 
 
 "4. Telepathy. The disclosure of names thought 
 of by persons in the audience. 
 
 "5. Disclosure of personalities by subconscious 
 means. 
 
 "6. Revelations by a circumstantial chain of mind 
 pictures. 
 
 "7. Various demonstrations of ideas silently con- 
 veyed to the spectator by suggestion. 
 
 "8. Descriptions of cities and places by mind pic- 
 tures. 
 
 "9. Messages." 
 
 Before Yoga Rama made his appearance a gentle- 
 man (a Mr. Fletcher) delivered a short speech from 
 the stage. He stated that the "Yoga" had acquired his 
 occult powers by contemplation after many years' 
 study. He went on to say that in the Eastern World 
 the occult powers of the mind had been more studied 
 than in -the Western World, but at the present day the 
 Western World looked upon these powers with much 
 less prejudice than fonnerly. 
 
TELEPATHY 37 
 
 After Mr. Fletcher had retired, Yoga Rama made 
 his appearance from between the center of two cur- 
 tains which hung at the back of the stage. He was 
 attired in a long loose black gown and wore a large 
 crimson turban. He advanced to the front of the 
 stage and made a speech which had a smattering of a 
 theosophical discourse. He described four kinds of 
 Yogi, The first kind, he said, was frequently met in 
 India. These Yogi worked on the physical plane and 
 produced effects resembling the feats of a conjurer. 
 The second kind worked in the mental plane (to this 
 class he implied that he belonged). The third dealt 
 with the spiritual problems of life. The fourth was 
 absorbed in meditation. 
 
 He continued his speech by saying that he required 
 the sympathy of the persons with whom he would 
 experiment. If they mentally opposed him he could do 
 nothing, but if their minds were sympathetic and not 
 antagonistic he would succeed. 
 
 The speeches of Mr. Fletcher and of Yoga Rama 
 still further raised the expectations of the audience that 
 they were about to witness that afternoon a demonstra- 
 tion of the power of mind over mind by supernormal 
 means. 
 
 Yoga Rama, after the conclusion of his speech, 
 called for thirty persons (ladies and gentlemen) to 
 come upon the stage and form a Committee. A gentle- 
 man and I first answered the call. We were soon fol- 
 
38 TELEPATHY 
 
 lowed by a rush of ladies and gentlemen who rather 
 inconveniently filled the stage, but this did not interfere 
 with the performance, as the majority of the ladies and 
 gentlemen kept at the back of the stage while Yoga 
 Rama carried out his experiments with a limited 
 number of the members of the Committee. In order to 
 be more at his ease, Yoga Rama removed his turban. 
 I placed it under a table which stood on the stage. I 
 then had a good look at him. I found he was a black 
 man with short crisp curly hair. From his appearance 
 and the fluency with which he speaks English, I came 
 to the conclusion that he is not an Abyssinian, but an 
 American or West Indian negro. 
 
 Amongst the members of the Committee were Mr. 
 Zancig and Mr. William Marriott. Both of these gen- 
 tlemen I have had the pleasure of knowing for some 
 years. They, together with Mr. Charles Guttwoch (a 
 friend of Mr. Marriott), three or four other gentle- 
 men, and myself, were the only members of the Com- 
 mittee who actively endeavored to ascertain whether 
 Yoga Rama's exi")eriments depended for their success 
 on trickery or on other causes. The other members of 
 the Committee remained passive spectators. As 
 regards the lady members with whom Yoga Rama tried 
 a few exi>erimcnts, they declared themselves, at the 
 conclusion of the performance, to be believers in his 
 alleged supernormal claims. 
 
 Before the experiments commenced, Yoga Rama 
 
TELEPATHY 39 
 
 asked that some one should blindfold him with* some 
 articles which lay on a small table in the center of the 
 stage. These consisted of two pieces of folded paper 
 just large enough to cover the eyebrows and eyes, a 
 piece of porous plaster perforated with holes, a thin 
 white cotton handkerchief, two gloves, and a long red 
 silk scarf. Mr. Marriott offered to blindfold him. I 
 stood close to him while this was being done. Mr. 
 Marriott placed the pieces of paper first on Yoga 
 Rama's eyes, then the porous plaster, then the cotton 
 handkerchief, after this the two gloves, and finally the 
 red scarf which he wound several times round his head. 
 The tip of Yoga Rama's nose could be seen under the 
 plaster, the white cotton handkerchief, and the scarf. 
 Yoga Rama, who remained standing, then requested 
 some one to sit on a chair in front of him, to think of 
 a name, then to hold his left hand (i. e. the sitter's left 
 hand) in front of the sitter's face, and to trace on the 
 palm of the left hand with the forefinger of the right 
 the first letter of the name thought of. The sitter was 
 then asked to give taps on his left hand or make move- 
 ments in the air with his right hand corresponding to 
 the number of letters of which the name thought of 
 consisted. When Yoga Rama suggested (as he subse- 
 quently did) that the name of the flower or of a city 
 should be thought of, he requested that the same pro- 
 cedure of tracing the first letter of the name and giv- 
 ing a number of taps or making movements with the 
 
40 TELEPATHY 
 
 right hand corresponding to the number of letters 
 should be followed, but when he suggested that a play 
 of Shakespeare should be thought of he only asked 
 that the first one or two letters of tlie title should be 
 traced on the palm of the left hand of the sitter with 
 the forefinger of the other hand. He did not then ask 
 that taps or movements of the right hand should be 
 given or made. About an hour and a half of the first 
 part of the performance was taken up by experiments 
 of the above nature. These were varied only by one 
 experiment of telling the title of a hymn which a lady 
 thought of, one of reading the thoughts of a young 
 lady, and one experiment with playing cards. 
 
 Yoga Rama then made a long speech about happi- 
 ness depending on our own selves and our being what 
 we willed ourselves to be. He asserted that he had 
 overcome in himself the passion of anger. He labored 
 these points so much and repeated himself so often 
 that it became manifest he was making the speech 
 solely with the object of filling up the time. 
 
 The patience of the Acting Committee became ex- 
 hausted, and one of the members advanced to the 
 front of the stage, inlcrniptcd Yoga Rama, and, 
 appealing to the audience, said he had no doubt but 
 that he had their supjwrt when he asserted that they 
 had come to the theater not to hear speeches but to 
 witness experiments. Yoga Rama brought his speech 
 abruptly to a close after saying he would now demon- 
 
TELEPATHY 41 
 
 strate the power he had acquired of controlling the 
 functions of his body and of rendering it insensible 
 to pain. To show the control over his body he asked 
 two members of the Committee to stand by his side 
 and to look at their watches and note the length of 
 time he was able to cease from breathing. To show 
 his insensibility to pain he said he would stand bare- 
 footed on a board studded with long nails, and also 
 stand on broken glass. 
 
 I have given an account of the nature of the per- 
 formance with which Yoga Rama favored us. I will 
 now proceed to describe the experiments more in detail 
 and to comment upon them. 
 
 Mr. Marriott was the first person to sit on the chair 
 in front of Yoga Rama. He was told to hold his left 
 hand in front of his face, to trace the first letter of 
 the name thought of on the palm of his left hand with 
 the forefinger of the right, and give the taps or make 
 the movements in the air with his right hand in the 
 manner already described. Mr. Marriott, instead of 
 holding his left hand up, held his right hand. Yoga 
 Rama immediately said, "Not your right hand but 
 your left." This was a suspicious circumstance, as it 
 indicated that Yoga Rama could see notwithstanding 
 he was blindfolded. Now conjurers know that blind- 
 folding in the manner above described is not a pre- 
 caution against seeing, as at the time of blindfolding 
 what the conjurer does is to shut his eyes tightly and 
 
42 TELEPATHY 
 
 bring his eyebrows well down. When the blindfold- 
 ing is finished, the conjurer opens his eyes and draws 
 his eyebrows up; the bandages will then be displaced 
 and drawn up from their original position and he will 
 be able to see under the bandages through the spaces 
 between the bridge of his nose and his cheeks. This, 
 in the joint opinion of Mr. Zancig, Mr. Marriott, and 
 myself, is what Yoga Rama did, and our opinion was 
 confirmed when we examined the bandages at the 
 time they were removed from the performer's eyes, as 
 will be described later. 
 
 Yoga Rama's method of telling the name thought 
 of is to watch the movement of the finger of the 
 sitter's right hand while he traces the first letter of the 
 name on the palm of the left. This indicates to him 
 the first letter of the name, then he counts the num- 
 ber of taps or movements given by the sitter's right 
 hand. Thus, if the first letter were W and the num- 
 ber of taps or movements seven, the name in all likeli- 
 hood would be William, or, if the first letter were W 
 and the number of taps or movements six, the name 
 would probably be Walter. Ordinary Christian names 
 are limited in number, and Yoga Rama took care to 
 know beforehand whether the sitter were thinking of 
 a female name or a male name. It was therefore 
 not a difficult matter for him to hit upon the name. 
 Moreover, when he was in doubt, as was often the 
 case, he not only asked that the first letter should 
 
TELEPATHY 43 
 
 be traced, but the second and the third and the fourth, 
 etc. Before hazarding a guess Yoga Rama often 
 asked whether the second or third or fourth, etc., 
 letter of the name were a letter that he mentioned. 
 Thus, if he were not quite sure that W had been 
 traced, but he had noticed that seven taps or move- 
 ments had been given, he would say is not the fourth 
 letter of the name L. If the sitter answered in the 
 affirmative, he would be pretty sure that William was 
 the name, but if the sitter's answer were a negative 
 one, Yoga Rama asked that the letters should be 
 traced again and the taps, etc., repeated. Yoga Rama 
 resorted to the above-described method when he asked 
 the sitter to think of the name of a flower or of a city, 
 but he only tried one or two experiments with the 
 names of flowers or cities, the reason being, obviously, 
 that the names of flowers or cities are not so limited 
 in number as Christian names, he fought shy of them. 
 The reason he gave for not being able to guess readily 
 (the name of a flower was, he said, that he was not a 
 botanist. 
 
 As regards the titles of Shakespeare's plays he 
 only asked that one or two of the first letters of the 
 title should be traced on the left hand, and did not 
 require any taps or movements of the right hand. 
 Any person acquainted with Shakespeare's plays and 
 knowing the first one or two letters of the title could 
 have guessed with equal facility which play was in 
 
44 TELEPATHY 
 
 the mind of the sitter. After getting the name of the 
 play, Yoga Rama asked the sitter to think of a per- 
 sonage in that play. He only requested that this 
 should be done once or twice, and was not successful 
 in getting the name of the personage at the first guess, 
 but only after making two or three guesses. 
 
 In the experiment of telling the title of a hymn 
 which a lady had in her mind, Yoga Rama resorted 
 to the same method of asking her to trace the first 
 letter of the title of the hymn on the palm of her left 
 hand. She traced the letter L, and he hazarded the 
 guess that it was "Lead, kindly light," which proved 
 to be correct. Apparently the most successful ex- 
 periments were one carried out with a young lady 
 and one with myself. Yoga Rama asked the young 
 lady to think of something. He then, without ask- 
 ing her to trace any letter or make movements with 
 her right hand, told her that she wished to get mar- 
 ried. She acknowledged that that was the thought 
 in her mind. This caused a good deal of amuse- 
 ment amongst the audience. The young lady left the 
 stage immediately after the experiment. This step 
 on her part gave rise in the minds of some of the 
 members of the Committee that she was an accomplice, 
 and that, as the experiment had been carried out she 
 was no longer required l)y Yoga Rama. These mem- 
 bers of the Committee may be doing an injustice to 
 
TELEPATHY 45 
 
 the young lady, but it was unfortunate she should have 
 left the stage at that moment. 
 
 As regards the experiment with myself. I stood 
 in front of Yoga Rama and did not sit down, neither 
 did I place my left hand in front of my face as other 
 experimenters had done, but close against my body 
 when tracing the letters of my second name, which 
 was the one I had in my mind. 
 
 My object in standing up was to have my hands 
 out of the line of his vision. I took care that the 
 movement of the forefinger of my right hand when 
 tracing the letters should not be seen by him. 
 
 Yoga Rama repeatedly asked me to trace and re- 
 trace all the letters of the name. He then gave the 
 name correctly. Although this experiment appeared 
 to indicate that the performer possessed telepathic 
 powers, it must be born in mind that he might have 
 known who I was, as he had been practicing his so- 
 called occult powers for some time in London under 
 the name of Professor Pickens before he assumed 
 that of Yoga Rama. It was not necessary that he 
 should see my face in order to know with whom he 
 was experimenting. It was observed that he took 
 a very careful stock of the dresses of the Acting 
 Committee before he was blindfolded. It was only 
 necessary, therefore, that he should see the lower 
 part of the dress for him to know which member of 
 the Committee stood in front of him. As one mem- 
 
46 TELEPATHY 
 
 ber after the other experimented with him he described 
 their dress. He asserted that he was al^le to do this 
 by a sort of telepathic vision. 
 
 The experiment with the playing cards was a simple 
 conjuring trick. Yoga Rama produced a pack of cards 
 and asked the Committee to see that it was unopened. 
 1 opened the pack, shuffled the cards, and handed 
 them to Mr. Marriott, who had been asked by the 
 Professor to retire to a corner of the stage and choose 
 a card which he was to show to two members of the 
 Committee. Mr, Guttwoch and I accompanied Mr. 
 Marriott to the corner of the stage and saw which 
 card Mr. Marriott had chosen. Mr. Marriott then 
 shuffled the pack again and handed it to Yoga Rama, 
 who put it in his pocket. Yoga Rama then asked 
 Mr. Marriott what card he had chosen. Mr. Mar- 
 riott informed him. He then wrote something on a 
 piece of paper which he folded and handed to one 
 of the members of the Committee to hold. He then 
 drew from his pocket another pack of cards simi- 
 lar in appearance to the original pack (that it was 
 not the original pack was evidenced by the fact that 
 the bottom card of the jxick which Yoga Rama drew 
 from his pocket was not the same as the bottom card 
 of the original pack), but which had the cards ar- 
 ranged in an order known to Yoga Rama. He pro- 
 ceeded to pass the cards one after the other before 
 Mr. Marriott's eyes, asking him to tell him when he 
 
TELEPATHY 47. 
 
 came to the card he had chosen. When Yoga Rama 
 came to the card, Mr. Marriott told him. Yoga Rama 
 then said, "What is the card in front of the one you 
 chose and the one behind it?" He was informed 
 which they were. He then asked that the piece of 
 paper should be opened, and it was found that the 
 names of the cards had been written by him on the 
 piece of paper. What occult power Yoga Rama in- 
 tended to demonstrate by this simple conjuring trick 
 I fail to see. It could not have been telepathy, as 
 the two cards (the names of which Yoga Rama had 
 written) had not been chosen nor thought of by Mr. 
 Marriott. 
 
 A few words will suffice to describe the experiments 
 which Yoga Rama carried out to show (i) the con- 
 trol he had acquired over the functions of his body, 
 and (2) his insensibility to pain. As has already 
 been stated, he asked two members of the Committee 
 to stand by him and note by their watches the length 
 of time that he was able to cease breathing. He re- 
 tained his breath for fifty seconds. A member of 
 the Committee at the back of the stage called out, 
 when the length of time was announced, "That is 
 nothing. I can stop breathing for a full minute." 
 This exclamation appeared to disconcert Yoga Rama 
 a good deal. The standing barefooted on a board 
 studded with nails and on broken glass are common 
 tricks that can be seen performed by negroes at coun- 
 
48 TELEPATHY 
 
 try fairs. I felt the points of the nails and found 
 they had been tiled down and were blunt. Mr. Mar- 
 riott sat o« the nails to the amusement o'f the audi- 
 ence while Yoga Rama had gone off the stage to 
 remove his boots. When Yoga Rama returned he 
 stood barefooted on these nails only for about half a 
 minute. He then proceeded to break some bottles on 
 a piece of felt. He pounded away on the glass with 
 a hammer till he had reduced the greater part to 
 nearly powder. He carefully pushed the larger pieces 
 of glass on one side and stood on the powdered por- 
 tion. 
 
 I will now proceed to state the reasons which lead 
 me to the conclusion that Yoga Rama was able to see, 
 although apparently blindfolded. 
 
 I. The bandages were removed from his eyes by 
 Mr. Marriott, who had blindfolded him at the com- 
 mencement of the performance. While this was being 
 done I had my face about two feet away from Yoga 
 Rama's face and I carefully noted the position of 
 each article as it was being removed. The lower edge 
 of the porous plaster was above the tip of the per- 
 former's nose, and the edge of the white handker- 
 chief above the edge of the plaster, and above the 
 edge of the handkerchief was the edge of the crimson 
 scarf. The edges of the handkerchief and scarf were 
 sufficiently high up, so that, had the blindfolding de- 
 pended only on these, he could have seen under them. 
 
TELEPATHY 49 
 
 The gloves which had been placed on the handker- 
 chief need not be taken into account, as the folded 
 pieces of paper on his eyes prevented them from press- 
 ing into the sockets of Yoga Rama's eyes, and he, 
 by merely closing the eyes and bringing the eyebrows 
 well down when he was being blindfolded and then 
 opening his eyes and lifting the eyebrows well up, 
 could displace the gloves from their original position 
 and cause them to rise, as a conjurer well knows; 
 therefore the blindfolding really depended on the posi- 
 tion of the porous plaster. Now when Mr. Marriott 
 placed the plaster over the pieces of paper he took 
 care that the lower edges of both pieces should be on 
 one of the lines of holes which existed in the plaster 
 as shown in the accompanying engraving (which is 
 taken from a photograph). 
 
 He also took care that the lower edge of the plaster 
 should stick against Yoga Rama's cheeks. On exam- 
 ining the plaster just before it was removed we found 
 that the lower edge no longer stuck against the per- 
 former's cheeks. There were hollow spaces between 
 the bridge of his nose and his cheeks through which 
 he could have seen with a downward glance. The 
 point now arises whether he used both his eyes or 
 only one. I noticed that Yoga Rama always kept 
 the right side of his face towards the sitters when 
 trying the experiments. If the reader will look at the 
 engraving, which shows the exact position of the 
 
50 TELEPATHY 
 
 folded pieces of paper at the time of the removal of 
 the plaster from Yoga Rama's face, he will see that 
 the piece of paper which covered his right eye is no 
 longer on the same line of holes as the left piece, but 
 is higher up, and, what is most suspicious, he will 
 note some pieces of tissue paper which were stuck 
 on the plaster by Yoga Rama and were under the 
 pieces of folded paper, which prevented these from 
 adhering to the plaster; thus by an upper movement 
 of the eyebrows Yoga Rama succeeded in raising the 
 folded piece of paper which covered his right eyes, 
 and with this eye he glanced under the plaster and 
 watched the movements of the sitter's hands, etc. 
 
 2. As I have stated above, Yoga Rama always kept 
 the right side of his head towards the person with 
 whom he was experimenting. He tried one experi- 
 ment with a gentleman who sat in the second row of 
 the stalls. He then turned his body round so that 
 the right side of his face w\is in the same position 
 relatively to this gentlem.an as it had been to the sitters 
 on the stage. Moreover, the lights in the body of the 
 theater were not alight when Yoga Rama was trying 
 his alleged thought-readings with the members of the 
 Committee on the stage, but when he experimented 
 with the gentleman in the stalls, one of the electric 
 chandeliers in the body of the theater, not far from 
 the gentleman, was immediately lit, thus enabling Yoga 
 Rama to watch the movements of the gentleman's right 
 
TELEPATHY 51 
 
 hand when tracing the letters of the name he had 
 chosen on the palm of his left hand, and giving the 
 taps corresponding to the number of the letters. 
 
 3. At the conclusion of the performance, after the 
 bulk of the audience had left, some persons remained 
 in the foyer of the theater, and a discussion arose, 
 during which some of the persons present asserted 
 that Yoga Rama had brought about his results by 
 supernormal means. Mr. Marriott, Mr. Gutwoch, and 
 I denied this. At that moment Yoga Rama came into 
 the foyer, and he was accused by us of having been 
 able to see. He asserted that he had not seen, and 
 to prove it offered to try some experiments while a 
 handkerchief was held tightly against his eyes. Mr. 
 Guttwoch held a handkerchief against his eyes. As 
 Yoga Rama was not now able to see, he resorted to a 
 different method from the one he used on the stage. 
 He held the wrist of the left hand of a lady with the 
 thumb and three fingers of his right hand, while his 
 forefinger rested against the back of the lady's hand. 
 He then asked her to trace the letters of the name 
 thought of with the forefinger of her right hand on the 
 palm of her left hand, which was being held by him. 
 He was able to tell the name, but only after repeated 
 tracing of the letters by the lady. Yoga Rama not 
 being able to be guided by sight as in his stage per- 
 formances, now guided himself by the sense of touch. 
 Although I have never before carried out an experi- 
 
52 TELEPATHY 
 
 ment of this nature myself, when Miss Newton and I 
 returned to the rooms of the Society for Psychical 
 Research I tried the experiment with her. I closed my 
 eyes and held her wrist, and was able to feel the letter 
 which she traced on the palm of her hand. Manifestly 
 this is a difficult trick to perform, and requires great 
 practice. I noticed that Yoga Rama chose the hand 
 of a lady in preference to that of a gentleman, obvi- 
 ously because a lady's hand is thinner than that of a 
 man, and the motion of her finger would be more eas- 
 ily felt. 
 
 What convinced me more than any of the above rea- 
 sons that Yoga Rama was able to see during his per- 
 formance is the following fact. I placed the sticking 
 plaster over my eyes after it had been taken from Yoga 
 Rama's eyes and, to my surprise, I found I could per- 
 fectly well see through it. The numerous small holes 
 with which it was perforated allowed me to do this. 
 
 The audience at the "Little Theatre" had had their 
 expectations raised that they were to witness manifes- 
 tations of the occult powers of the mind through the 
 mediumship of an Abyssinian Yogi, instead of which 
 they witnessed an ordinary conjuring entertainment by 
 a man who previously to assuming the name of "Yoga 
 [sic] Rama" was known as Professor A. D. Pickens of 
 Conduit Street, London. 
 
 Besides the method used by Yoga Rama for produc- 
 ing his so-called thought transference, there are others 
 
TELEPATHY 53 
 
 resorted to by public entertainers. The one most in use 
 is by means of a verbal code. The letters of the alpha- 
 bet are substituted and a word can be conveyed by the 
 agent asking a series of questions, each question begin- 
 ning with a substituted letter. The percipient has to 
 remember what letters the substituted ones represent ; 
 he takes note of the first letter only of each question, 
 puts them together in his mind, and thus gets the word 
 that it is the intention of the agent to convey. 
 
 I have made a table (shown opposite) which shows 
 one of these systems. 
 
 If the name "Alfred" is to be conveyed, it can be 
 done by the following questions : 
 
 Here is a name . == A 
 
 Can you see it ? == L 
 
 Endeavor to do so ==F 
 
 Mind what you are doing . •. . =R 
 
 Go on =>D 
 
 The letter E is understood. 
 
 The transmission of the nature of an article is by 
 dividing articles that would be likely to be brought to 
 a public entertainment into sets of ten, each set being 
 indicated by a different question. These sets have to 
 be learned by heart by the agent and the percipient. I 
 give in the table four sets to illustrate my meaning. 
 After asking the question which conveys the set to 
 
54 
 
 TELEPATHY 
 TABLE 
 
 SUBSTITUTED LETTERS 
 TABLE 
 
 NUMBERS 
 TABLE 
 
 AisH 
 B "T 
 C "S 
 D"G 
 E "F 
 F "E 
 G "A 
 H"I 
 I "B 
 
 J isL 
 K " Pray 
 L "C 
 M"0 
 N"D 
 "V 
 P "J 
 
 Q " w 
 
 R " U 
 
 S isN 
 T "P 
 
 V " Look 
 W"R 
 
 X " See this 
 
 Y "Q 
 
 Z "Hurry 
 
 1 is Say 
 
 2 " Be 
 
 3 " Can 
 
 4 " Do 
 
 5 " Will 
 
 6 " What 
 
 7 " Please 
 
 8 " Are 
 
 9 " Now 
 10 " Tell 
 
 SETS 
 
 Set a 
 
 Set B 
 
 Set C 
 
 Set D 
 
 What is 
 this? 
 
 1. Watch 
 
 2. Bracelet 
 
 3. Guard 
 
 4. Chain 
 
 5. Breastpin 
 
 6. Necklace 
 
 7. Ring 
 
 8. Rosary 
 
 9. Cross 
 
 10. Charm 
 
 What article 
 is this? 
 
 1. Handkerchief 
 
 2. Necktie 
 3- Bag 
 
 4. Glove 
 
 5. Purse 
 
 6. Basket 
 
 7. Book 
 
 8. Head-dress 
 
 9. Fan 
 10. Key 
 
 What is it 
 made of? 
 
 1. Gold 
 
 2. Silver 
 
 3. Copper 
 
 4. Lead 
 
 5. Zinc 
 
 6. Wood 
 
 7. Brass 
 
 8. Paper 
 
 9. Silk 
 10. Glass 
 
 What 
 
 color? 
 
 I.White 
 
 2. Black 
 
 3. Blue 
 
 4. Brown 
 
 5. Red 
 
 6. Green 
 
 7. Yellow 
 
 8. Gray 
 
 9. Purple 
 ID. Violet 
 
TELEPATHY 55 
 
 which the article belongs, a second question is asked, 
 beginning with the word corresponding to the number 
 on the number table. This will indicate what number 
 in the set the article corresponds to. As an example : 
 when the question "What is this?" is asked, it means 
 that the article corresponds to Set A. If the second 
 question begins with "Do," such as "Do you know?," 
 this question on referring to the number table would 
 mean No, 4; therefore the article would be a chain. 
 Now, if the question "What is it made of?" is asked, 
 it would refer to Set C, and if this question is followed 
 by "Can you tell me?," on referring to the number 
 table it will be found to correspond to No. 3 ; therefore 
 the article would be a chain made of copper. When 
 an article is not in any one of the sets the substituted 
 letter code is used. Of course public entertainers learn 
 by heart a number of sets, not only four. 
 
 For silent thought transference occasionally electri- 
 cal contrivances are resorted to. These are placed in 
 different parts of the hall, and when being pressed by 
 the foot or hand of the agent will convey a message to 
 a certain part of the stage upon which the percipient 
 (who may be blindfolded) rests his foot. 
 
 There is another silent method which can be worked 
 by a confederate who is placed behind a curtain close 
 to the chair on the stage upon which the blindfolded 
 percipient sits. The confederate watches the per- 
 former who stands amongst the audience and reads 
 
56 TELEPATHY 
 
 through a spyglass what he is writing on his tablet 
 when putting down what members of the audience 
 wish to be done. The confederate then communicates 
 the contents of the writing to the percipient on the 
 stage by whispering or by an electrical apparatus. The 
 position of the performer or agent while he is writing 
 in a clear hand on his tablets with his back to the stage 
 easily enables a confederate to read the writing. 
 
 Then there is the silent method of a French con- 
 jurer, some of whose performances I have witnessed, 
 which consists of suggesting or "forcing" the specta- 
 tors to do certain things, each action having a corres- 
 ponding number which he conveys to his lady assistant, 
 who is blindfolded, by touching her foot with his after 
 she has come down from the stage and stands by his 
 side amongst the audience. 
 
 The "time-coding" method consists of silently 
 counting by the agent and percipient at the same rate, 
 starting from a preconcerted signal and ending at 
 another preconcerted signal. The performer amongst 
 the audience has in his hand a piece of paper on which 
 is written the number that he wishes to silently convey 
 to the other blindfolded performer on the stage. At 
 the moment that he bends his head to look at the num- 
 ber he begins silently counting at a certain rate ; a con- 
 federate behind the scenes begins counting at the same 
 rate from the moment that the performer bends his 
 head. When the performer lifts his head he ceases 
 
TELEPATHY 57 
 
 counting, so does the confederate. Each number writ- 
 ten on the paper is thus conveyed, and the confederate 
 communicates the total to the bHnd folded performer by 
 means of an electrical apparatus or otherwise. 
 
 I have attended several performances in public halls 
 in London at which thought transference — so-called — 
 was carried out by the above trick methods. 
 
 Sir Oliver Lodge was present with me at one of the 
 performances at which the time-coding method was 
 used. He has sent me the following note : 
 
 "I was with Mr. Baggally on one of these occasions, 
 and took note of the fact that he could often guess what 
 was being transmitted by the performers quite as well 
 as they could themselves. We sat in a box looking at 
 them, and he often told me before they had spoken 
 what they were going to say (or words to that effect). 
 
 "I perceived even without his assistance that the per- 
 formance, which was stimulated by the success of the 
 Zancigs, was an exceedingly inferior imitation of what 
 they had achieved, and was manifestly done by a code 
 of some kind. O. J. L." 
 
 Some of the methods resorted to by public entertain- 
 ers are so ingenious that the spectator is led to believe 
 that genuine thought transference has taken place. 
 The following correspondence, which appeared in the 
 spiritualistic weekly paper called Light, illustrates a 
 case in point. In the number of Light of October 25, 
 
58 TELEPATHY 
 
 1902, there appeared this letter headed "Thought 
 Transference" : 
 
 "Sir, — A few years ago Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin gave 
 the following entertainment in almost every large town 
 in the three kingdoms. The public were invited to 
 write any question or questions they desired to have 
 answered on a piece of paper, to place it in their pock- 
 ets, and keep it there without communicating its con- 
 tents to anyone, and then when they went to the hall 
 their names were called out and their question 
 answered without the papers leaving their possession. 
 About fifty such inquiries were answered each evening 
 without a single failure by Mrs. Baldwin, who sat 
 blindfolded with her back to the audience. From my 
 experience and that of my friends, collusion was 
 impossible, and the only way of accounting for the per- 
 formance was by thought transference or telepathy 
 between Mrs. Boldwin and those of the audience with 
 whom she was in mental sympathy. 
 
 (Signed) "C. A. M." 
 
 Commenting on this letter, I wrote to Lie/hi, and my 
 communication apjx^arcd the following week. It was 
 to this effect : 
 
 "Under the heading of 'Thought Transference,' your 
 correspondent, C. A. M., gives an account of some 
 entertainments by Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin, at which he 
 
TELEPATHY 59 
 
 says" (I here quoted from C. A, M.'s letter, and then 
 continued as follows) : — "I never was present at enter- 
 tainments given by Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin, and there- 
 fore cannot express an opinion as to the modus 
 operandi in their particular case, but I would point out 
 that their entertainments bear a close resemblance to 
 those given by conjurers. The explanation of the 
 mystery in a conjurer's case is as follows: — The con- 
 jurer asks members of the audience to write their ques- 
 tions secretly, to sign their names at the bottom of the 
 question, and then to fold the pieces of paper on which 
 the questions are written and place them in their 
 pockets. To facilitate the writing he hands pencils 
 round and tablets upon which to rest the pieces of 
 paper during the writing of the questions, or the mem- 
 bers of the audience, if they so wish, can retire into 
 an adjoining room and write their questions on a table. 
 The tablets and pencils are then collected by an 
 assistant who is a confederate, who then retires from 
 the hall to the room where the table is. The tablets 
 and table have false surfaces of leather or other mate- 
 rial, which, on being removed by the confederate, dis- 
 close a layer of carbon paper resting on another of 
 white paper upon which the questions have been 
 recorded unknown to the inquiriers. The confederate 
 then proceeds to read the questions with their respect- 
 ive attached signatures, and to communicate them to 
 the blindfolded medium by an electrical apparatus upon 
 
6o TELEPATHY 
 
 which the medium's foot rests, or by other mechanical 
 means." 
 
 I signed my letter W. W. B. A fortnight after, the 
 following letter appeared in Light : 
 
 "Sir, — With reference to the communication by W. 
 W. B. referring to the supposed thought transference, 
 and mentioned by another correspondent, C. A. M., in 
 connection with the entertainments of Professor Bald- 
 win (an American conjurer and brother mason), 
 whom I met in Cape Town on two separate occasions, 
 permit me to state that (i) if it is the same Baldwin, 
 he is one of the cleverest illusionists in his special line 
 of trick thought transference, and W. W. B. is quite 
 right. (2) I know that Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin did 
 most of their experiments by trick, because, being one 
 of the chosen committee to test the so-called thought 
 reading, I fixed it absolutely as trickery on the lines 
 indicated by W. W. B. 
 
 (Signed) "Berks Hutchinson" 
 
 I was gratified to read this letter and to find that my 
 conjecture was correct that the Baldwin performance 
 was a mere exhibition of conjuring. 
 
PART III 
 THE ZANCIGS 
 
 Some years ago there appeared at the Alhambra 
 Theater, London, two entertainers — Mr. and Mrs. 
 Zancig — whose performances were of so puzzling a 
 nature that to many who had witnessed them the only 
 explanation of the results obtained appeared to be that 
 genuine telepathy was at play. The Daily Mail news- 
 paper arranged that Mr. and Mrs. Zancig should be 
 subjected to a series of severe tests at its office, and on 
 November 30, 1906, these were carried out. 
 
 On December ist the Daily Mail published a full 
 account of these experiments. The publication of this 
 and of other accounts by persons who had witnessed 
 the remarkable performances of the Zancigs led to a 
 heated controversy between the correspondents of the 
 Daily Mail and the Daily Chronicle. Those of the first 
 paper mostly asserted that the performance was an 
 exhibition of true telepathy, while those of the second 
 paper declared that codes — visual and verbal — would 
 account for the phenomena. Previously to the experi- 
 ment carried out by the Daily Mail I had obtained a 
 letter of introduction to the Zancigs from a friend of 
 
 61 
 
6a TELEPATHY 
 
 mine who had had private tests with them, but as it 
 was necessary to have the permission of the manager 
 of the Alhambra before an interview with the Zancigs 
 could be arranged, I called at the ofhces of that theater, 
 and saw Air. Scott, the manager. I informed him that 
 I was a member of the Society for Psychical Research, 
 which body I told him took the deepest interest in tele- 
 pathy. I handed him a letter that I had written to Mr. 
 Zancig, and on November 29, 1906, I received the fol- 
 lowing communication from the last-named gentleman: 
 
 "Dear Sir, — I received a letter from Miss H. A. 
 Dallas, telling me that you would like to meet us. Now, 
 my dear sir, we would be pleased to make your 
 acquaintance, and have you call for a visit, but if it is 
 for any private show and to be tried and judged if our 
 work is, as we represent, 'two minds with but a single 
 thouglit,' I will have to say No. We have done nothing 
 since we arrived in London but have callers to test and 
 try us every day, from three to four ladies and gentle- 
 men. My wife and I agreed to all tests they put to us, 
 and all was quite satisfactory. Personally I do not 
 care, but it has been quite a strain on my wife. Should 
 you care to witness our show, you would be able to see 
 us at ten p. m. on the Alhambra stage, but if you care 
 to call and see us, and have a little talk, we both would 
 be pleased to meet you. Trusting that I am under- 
 stood, I remain, yours sincerely, 
 
 (Signed) "J^''-^'-'S Z.\ncig" 
 
TFXEPATHY 63 
 
 Although the contents of the above letter were of a 
 discouraging nature, I determined to strike the iron 
 while it was hot ; therefore, on the evening of the same 
 day I called, accompanied by my wife, at the flat where 
 the Zancigs resided. They were at the time partaking 
 of their evening meal. We apologized for our intru- 
 sion, but by the kind way that they received us we were 
 soon put at our ease. I informed Mr. Zancig that I 
 was much interested in telepathy, and that I had per- 
 sonally carried out experiments in this branch of 
 psychical research, and that I was assured of the truth 
 of its existence through the successes that I had 
 obtained. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs, Zancig impressed my wife and myself 
 most favorably by their unaffected and simple manner. 
 After a conversation which lasted about ten minutes, 
 Mr. Zancig very kindly spontaneously offered to tiy 
 some experiments. I will now describe these. Madame 
 Zancig went to the other end of the room farthest away 
 from where Mr. Zancig, my wife, and I sat. She faced 
 the wall with her back to us ; Mr. Zancig then wrote 
 with a chalk a line of figures on a slate which he held 
 in his left hand, and called out the word "Ready." 
 Madame Zancig immediately named the figures cor- 
 rectly and in their proper order. The same kind of 
 experiment was tried successfully three times. The 
 results might have been due to telepathy, but I was not 
 satisfied, as it could have been possible that the figures 
 
64 TELEPATHY 
 
 were prearranged, or that Madame Zancig could tell by 
 the sound of the chalk what figures were being written. 
 I also had in my mind the fact that there is a method 
 of communcating figures by time-coding. 
 
 Mr. Zancig then asked me to write a double line of 
 figures. I handed the slate to him, and after he had 
 called out "Ready" Madame Zancig proceeded to cast 
 them up correctly. 
 
 As Madame Zancig named all my figures aloud as 
 she was summing them up, this experiment was of a 
 more complicated nature than the previous ones; 
 nevertheless, I was not entirely satisfied, as time-coding 
 in putting down the resultant figures by Mr. Zancig, 
 and the hearing of the sound of the chalk by Madame 
 Zancig when I was writing my own figures, might have 
 accounted for the favorable result. 
 
 To prevent the possibility of communicating by an 
 electrical or other apparatus concealed under the car- 
 pet, I requested Mr. Zancig to raise his feet from the 
 floor. He immediately complied by sitting on the 
 table, where he remained to the last experiment. 
 
 Madame Zancig then retired into an adjoining bed- 
 room with a slate in her hand ; the door was closed, but 
 not entirely. My wife wrote down two lines of figures, 
 the slate was handed by her to Mr. Zancig, who called 
 out "Ready," and he then proceeded without speaking 
 to add them up. Madame Zancig then came into the 
 room with the correct result written by herself on her 
 
TELEPATHY 65 
 
 slate. This was a more crucial test than the last, but 
 still, although visual-coding was excluded, sound-cod- 
 ing while Mr. Zancig was writing the resultant sum 
 was not entirely so. 
 
 Then followed the experiment of transmitting a 
 selected line in a book. Mr. Zancig handed me a book 
 and asked me to open it at any page and to point out a 
 line. After I had done so I handed the book to him. 
 He called out "Ready." Then his wife opened a dupli- 
 cate book at the proper page, and read the line which I 
 had selected. Doubtless the words of the line were not 
 communicated telepathically or otherwise by Mr. 
 Zancig, but only the number of the page and the num- 
 ber of the line counting from the top of the page. 
 Nevertheless, it was difficult to discover by what 
 method this was done, as Mr. Zancig simply called out 
 "Ready." There did not appear to be time for the 
 numbers of the page and line to be transmitted by time- 
 coding. The reader will observe that as the experi- 
 ments proceeded they appeared to present increasing 
 evidence that true telepathy was at work. 
 
 The following and last experiment that I tried on this 
 occasion was the most crucial. I requested Mr. Zancig 
 to go out with me on to the landing outside the door 
 of the flat. I did not previously inform Madame 
 Zancig nor Mr. Zancig of the nature of the test that 
 I was about to put. Madame Zancig remained in the 
 room with my wife. The door was closed, but not 
 
66 TELEPATHY 
 
 completely. When we were on the landing I suddenly 
 drew my cheque-book out of my pocket, tore out a 
 cheque, and handed it to Mr. Zancig, requesting him 
 to transmit the number. Mr, Zancig observed to me 
 in a whisper that the noise of the traffic in the street 
 was very disturbing. This was true, as the hall door 
 to the street was oi)en. He then remained silent while 
 he looked at the cheque. My wife then came out on to 
 the landing, and handed me a slate upon which 
 Madame Zancig had during the experiment written the 
 words, "In the year 1875." ^Ir. Zancig then said 
 aloud, "This is not what we want; it is the number." 
 My wife returned into the room with the slate, and the 
 door was closed, but not completely. It was impos- 
 sible, however, for Madame Zencig to see her husband. 
 The suspicion arose in my mind that the number on 
 the cheque might have been communicated to Madame 
 Zancig by the words that Mr. Zancig had spoken aloud. 
 I therefore took the cheque that he had in his hand 
 and substituted another one with a different number 
 that I tore from the bottom of my cheque-book. Mr. 
 Zancig remained absolutely silent during the whole 
 time that this second experiment lasted. My wife 
 again came out of the room with the slate, upon which 
 Madame Zancig had written quite correctly, in their 
 proper order, four of the five numbers of the second 
 cheque, with the exception of the last figure, which was 
 wanting, but just as we were returning to the room 
 
JELEPATHY 67 
 
 Madame Zancig said, 'There was another figure; it 
 was four" — which was correct. This impressed me as 
 a good test, with regard to the three last numbers of 
 this cheque, which were different from the correspond- 
 ing ones of the first cheque. Madame Zancig could not 
 see her husband, and he remained absolutely silent 
 while the experiment was being carried out. 
 
 I insert here a note by Sir Oliver Lodge in which he 
 gives an account of an experiment of a similar nature, 
 and also of other experiments which he tried with the 
 Zancigs. 
 
 ** Independently of the more thorough investigations 
 of Mr. Baggally, I myself was favored with a private 
 interview with the Zancigs, who were friendly and con- 
 siderate and helpful; and I tried the experiment of 
 having Mrs. Zancig outside the room, though with 
 door open, and Mr. Zancig with me and quite silent. 
 I wrote five or six figures on a slate, taking care to 
 make no noise, and Mrs. Zancig failed to get them 
 correctly. Zancig seemed distressed at that, and after 
 a little time groaned out, *Oh, surely you can do this' ; 
 almost immediately after which Mrs. Zancig came into 
 the room with the correct figures written on her slate. 
 It was difficult to see how the sentence had conveyed 
 the figures, but it was instructive to find that utterance 
 of some kind seemed necessary. It was partly this, and 
 partly the manifest difficulty of eliminating all possi- 
 bilities of code between a pair of performers accus- 
 
68 TELEPATHY 
 
 tomed to go about together, with years of experience 
 behind them, that prevented me from doing what I 
 j)robably ought to have done, though circumstances did 
 not render it very easy, namely, to make a serious study 
 of the Zancig phenomena, 
 
 "Moreover, I questioned Mr. Zancig about codes, 
 and found that he was famihar with a great many. 
 He was quite fratik about it, and rather imphed, as I 
 thought, that at times he was ready to use any code 
 or other normal kind of assistance that might be 
 helpful, though he assured me that he found that he 
 and his wife did possess a faculty which they did not 
 in the least understand, but which was more efficient 
 and quicker than anything they could bet by codes. 
 On the whole, I think this extremely likely, but the rapy- 
 idity and the certainty and dependableness of the power 
 went far beyond anything that I could imagine as pos- 
 sible between people who depended on supernormal 
 faculty alone. But if there was a mixture of devices 
 between people so skilled, I despaired of bringing the 
 genuine part of the phenomenon to a definite issue. 
 
 "I do not think that either this or the weight of my 
 other avocations are a sufficient excuse for this neglect, 
 but it certainly was not easy to get opportunities for 
 careful investigation. One of the main difficulties was 
 that they were not free agents, having entered into con- 
 tracts with managers whose financial interests partly 
 depended upon the continued uncertainty of the pmblic 
 
TELEPATHY 69 
 
 as to the causes underlying their very remarkable per- 
 formance. Moreover, I knew that so skilled an inves- 
 tigator as Mrs. Baggally was more favorably impressed 
 with them than I was myself, and was able to give to 
 them some considerable time and attention. 
 
 "The extraordinary and rapid success with which 
 Mrs. Zancig named one thing after another, handled or 
 seen by her husband as he went through the hall in 
 their public performances, is familiar to everybody 
 who attended those exhibitions ; but one episode which 
 I have not put on record did impress me as rather 
 exceptionally good, though entirely unsensational and 
 unnoticeable at the time. I relate it here : 
 
 "The Zancigs happened to come to Birmingham for 
 a week during the University Vacation when I was 
 away. On the last day of their performance I hap- 
 pened unexpectedly to return to Birmingham, and was 
 dining at the club with some other men. Some one 
 remarked that the Zancigs were performing, and sug- 
 gested that we should cut dessert and go and see them ; 
 so we went in the middle of the performance and sat 
 at the back of the gallery. Everything went on as 
 usual. Mrs. Zancig was on the stage, blindfolded, I 
 think, though I attach no importance to that. Mr. 
 Zancig had been through the body of the hall, and was 
 coming along the side gallery, taking objects from 
 members of the audience as he went, and having them 
 described quickly one after the other as usual, when he 
 
70 TELEPATHY 
 
 caught sight of me at the back of the gallery, and indi- 
 cated recognition by a little start. The next object that 
 he took in hand (a purse or what not) he said, 'What 
 is this?' and Madame Zancig on the stage said 'Oliver.' 
 Zancig shook his head and muttered, *Xo, that's what 
 I was thinking of, but what's this?' On which she 
 said whatever it was correctly, and the performance 
 went on as usual ; my friends in due time getting their 
 tests efficiently done. Nobody noticed the incident in 
 particular; it was over in a second. It conveyed no 
 impression of anything except of a slight confusion, — 
 an error, in fact, immediately corrected, — but I could 
 not fail to notice that the very unimportant incident 
 tended in favor of the view that a power of sympathy 
 or communication between them was genuine, since she 
 got an undesired and uninteded impression which cer- 
 tainly was at the moment in Mr. Zancig's mind. 
 
 O. J. L." 
 
 Later, on the same evening of the experiment with 
 the numbers on my cheque-book which I have 
 described above, my wife and I attended the public per- 
 formance at the Alhambra. We were seated at a dis- 
 tance from the stage. When Mr. Zancig came amongst 
 the audience my wife handed him a piece of something 
 black, the nature of which it was difficult to tell at first 
 sight. He stooi^cd down and asked in a whisper. 
 "Wliat is that ?" My wife answered, also in a whisper, 
 "Liquorice." Madame Zancig immediately called out 
 
TELEPATHY 71 
 
 from the stage, "Liquorice." No word had been 
 spoken by Mr. Zancig after my wife had whispered the 
 word "Liquorice." I then handed a visiting-card with 
 a double name. Zancig read to himself in a low voice 
 the last name, which was Hutchinson, and said, "What 
 is the first name?" Madame Zancig called out "Berks;" 
 this was correct. It appeared to me suspicious, how- 
 ever, that the question, "What is the first name?" 
 although appropriate and natural, should contain the 
 same number of words as there are letters in the name 
 Berks — namely, five. Therefore some months after, at 
 another performance, I wrote the same name, Berks 
 Hutchinson, on a piece of paper and handed it to Mr. 
 Zancig. This time he asked, "What is this ?" Madame 
 Zancig replied, "A piece of paper with a name." Mr. 
 Zancig said, "Give the name'.' She replied, "Berks 
 Hutchinson." 
 
 I attended a series of performances at the Alhambra, 
 and took down the questions and answers in order, if 
 possible, to discover the code. On witnessing a first 
 performance the spectator might be led to believe that 
 w^ord-coding alone is at the bottom of the mystery, but 
 if notes are taken at a number of performances he will 
 find that the same question is answered differently time 
 after time. 
 
 From my experiments with the Zancigs I came to the 
 conclusion that although the alleged transmission of 
 thought might possibly depend on a code or codes 
 
72 
 
 TELEPATHY 
 
 which I \vas unable to unravel, yet their performance 
 was of such a nature that it was worthy of serious 
 scientific examination. On the assumption that they 
 possessed genuine telepathic powers it would be a pity 
 that the opportunity of investigating their claim should 
 be missed. I therefore set myself to work to arrange 
 with Mr, Alfred Moul, managing director of the 
 Alhambra, and Mr. Zancig for some experiments to 
 be tried before a Committee of the members of the 
 Society for Psychical Research. 
 
 An article appeared in the Daily Mail, inspired evi- 
 dently by Mr. Moul, from which I now quote : 
 
 "We have suggested to Mr. Zancig that in preference 
 to inquiries into telepathy by unskilled persons he 
 should place himself in the hands of the Society for 
 Psychical Research, of which Mr. Gerald Balfour is 
 the President, and of which Sir Oliver Lodge, Sir Wil- 
 liam Crookes, and other distinguished scientists are 
 leading members. Mr. Zancig has informed us that he 
 has already received a communication from that 
 Society, and that he was entirely willing to place him- 
 self and Madame Zancig at the disposal of the Society 
 for a thoroughly scientific series of tests." 
 
 The investigation by the Society for Psychical 
 Research, at which I was present, took place on Jan- 
 uary 1 8, 1907. I regret that I cannot give an account 
 of what took place at this meeting, as it was mutually 
 arranged between Mr. Moul and the S. P. R. that the 
 
TELEPATHY 73 
 
 results should not be divulged. They appeared, how- 
 ever, sufficiently favorable to some of the members 
 present (though not to all) to induce them to subse- 
 quently form an unofficial Committee to carry out 
 further tests. These unofficial experiments did not 
 take place until July 26, 1907. 
 
 In the meantime I continued my own private experi- 
 ments. A striking one Is the following. I was in the 
 balcony of the Alhambra on January 19, 1907, and 
 when Mr. Zancig came to that part of the house I 
 handed him a piece of paper on which I had written 
 the word "Istapalapan." I took care that he should 
 not see the word previously to my giving him the paper. 
 Zancig remarked to me in a whisper, "This is a long 
 word." Owing to the distance from his wife it could 
 not have been possible for her to overhear these words. 
 Then Mr. Zancig called out, "Spell this." Madame 
 Zancig immediately wrote on the blackboard which was 
 on the stage "Istapala," and when she came to the sec- 
 ond "p" she wrote "f" and then "san." I have often 
 noticed that when Madame Zancig makes a mistake in 
 a letter or number there is a similarity in the form of 
 the letter or number to that which was to be trans- 
 mitted ; thus, she would put down "f " for "p," "7" for 
 "9." "fsan" in this case is very like "pan,' and Mr. 
 Zancig may have mistaken the letters. I fail to under- 
 stand how in this experiment he was able to code such 
 a long word as "Istapalafsan" by the simple words 
 
74 TELEPATHY 
 
 "Spell this." It would appear as if Madame Zancig 
 really saw what Mr. Zancig was looking at. The 
 reader w-ill recollect that in his preliminary remarks at 
 each of his performances Zancig says, "What I see, 
 Madame Zancig sees." 
 
 I have several times observed this alleged peculiarity, 
 notably so on the occasion of the tests at the Gramo- 
 phone offices, which took place on February 22, 1907, 
 and at which I was one of the members of the Commit- 
 tee. Mr. and Mrs. Zancig were divided by a large 
 screen. They could not see each other. A recording 
 trumpet was placed near each, into which they spoke. 
 A table was placed by the side of Mr. Zancig on which 
 a great number of articles had been placed by the mem- 
 bers of the Committee. Madame Zancig with great 
 rapidity named the articles as Mr. Zancig took them up 
 in answer to his "What is this? and this?" etc. An 
 incident which struck me as remarkable was the fol- 
 lowing. Mr. Zancig raised a pencil, saying, "What is 
 thus?" and after Madame Zancig had correctly stated 
 what it was, he took up immediately (not in the vicin- 
 ity of the pencil, but some distance from it) a case, 
 and said, "And this?" Instead of naming the article 
 Madame Zancig proceeded to enumerate in their 
 pro{x:r order the articles that lay between the two 
 articles which Mr. Zancig had taken up. Thus, a 
 pencil, a seal, a penknife, a case. It apix^arcd as if 
 
TELEPATHY 75 
 
 Madame Zancig had actually seen the articles over 
 which her husband had passed his hand. 
 
 An excellent test was the following. Dr. W. M'Dou- 
 gall, a member of the Council of the S. P. R., who was 
 present at these tests, borrowed a book from one of the 
 members of the Committee. He came to the side of the 
 screen where Mr. Zancig stood, opened the book at a 
 certain page, then pointed to the middle of a line in the 
 center of the page. Mr. Zancig, without taking the 
 book in his hand, glanced at the line, then Dr. 
 M'Dougall shut the book, took it to the other side of 
 the screen, and handed it closed to Madame Zancig. 
 Mr, Zancig remained absolutely silent, placed his hand 
 against his forehead, and appeared to make a strong 
 mental effort. Madame Zancig, after a lapse of a 
 minute, opened the book at the proper page and began 
 reading at the word in the middle of the line that had 
 been chosen by Dr. M'Dougall. Some members of the 
 Committee and I stood quite close to Mr. Zancig. We 
 did not hear him utter a sound. He could not be seen 
 by Madame Zancig owing to the screen. 
 
 I was present at the matinee performance given 
 under the auspices of the Daily Mirror newspaper at 
 the Alhambra. Dr. H., principal surgeon of a well- 
 known hospital, handed to Mr. Zancig a set of skeins 
 of silk of different colors. These were then passed on 
 to Madame Zancig, who was on the stage. Dr. H. 
 pointed silently to a skein of silk of a corresponding 
 
76 TELEPATHY 
 
 set which he had retained, and which he took care 
 Madame Zancig could not see. Mr. Zancig, who pre- 
 served absolute silence, and remained motionless, 
 looked at the color of the skein, and in the space of half 
 a minute his wife picked out a skein of the correspond- 
 ing color from the set that she had in her possession. 
 This test was tried successfully three times. I particu- 
 larly took note that Mr. Zancig remained silent and 
 motionless, retaining the same position of his body 
 during the course of the three experiments. 
 
 I have tried tests with Mr. and Madame Zancig in 
 the transmission of diagrams. I took with me to a 
 private house to which I was invited an envelope con- 
 taining cards with diagrams on them. Madame Zancig 
 sat behind a large screen at the end of the room. By 
 her side sat a lady, a friend of mine, who watched 
 Madame Zancig and saw that she did not move from 
 her chair. Mr. Zancig stood close to me near the other 
 end of the room. I presented the envelope to him, 
 retaining it in my hand. He drew out one of the cards 
 on which was a diagram not known either to him or to 
 me till he looked at it. He fixed his gaze intently on 
 it, remained motionless, and in a whisper said to me, 
 "Please say ready." I called out, "Ready," and his 
 wife then drew a diagram on a piece of paper, at the 
 same time saying, "Something like half a moon." 
 
 Mr. Zancig then drew another card from the enve- 
 lope. This time he did not speak, but nodded his head 
 
TELEPATHY 
 
 ^ 
 
 Mx. Zancig's Diagram 
 
 17 
 
 D 
 
 Madamb 2ancio's Drawino 
 
 once, and I called out, "Ready." Madame Zancig 
 thereupon observed, "It is a square within a square." 
 The diagram that Mr. Zancig was looking at was this : 
 
 [a] 
 
 his wife drew this : 
 
 n 
 
 Two more cards were then drawn, but Madame Zancig 
 did not succeed ; she got absolutely wrong drawings. 
 
 At a public performance at Eastbourne I handed 
 Mr. Zancig this diagram : 
 
 V 
 
 a + jf 
 
78 TELEPATHY 
 
 He called out, "Draw this." Madame Zancig, who was 
 on the platform, said, "It is something like this." She 
 made a motion with her right arm like drawing a capi- 
 tal V ; she then drew it on the blackboard. After this 
 she slowly drew a horizontal line through the \^ thus : 
 
 V 
 
 Mr. Zancig said, "Give the number." She then placed 
 a 2 in the proper position. He then called out, "Give 
 the rest." She thereupon placed the a under the line, 
 thus: 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Mr. Zancig said, "What more?" His wife placed the 
 sign of -f- correctly, but she rubbed it out several times 
 as if in doubt. Finally she put down the sign of -}- 
 and a capital X, so that her drawing appeared like 
 this: 
 
 2 
 
 ¥ 
 
 a ^ X 
 
 I have had many other experiments with this gifted 
 couple, but have not yet obtained the crucial test of 
 getting Mr. Zancig to be in a distant room with closed 
 doors, while his wife was in another room. The pos- 
 sibility of their using a sound code at one time and a 
 
TELEPATHY 79 
 
 visual code at another is therefore not entirely 
 precluded. 
 
 Although I have been quite unable to discover the 
 methods by which they can possibly communicate when 
 a visual and a sound code are not detected, yet I will 
 reserve my ultimate opinion until I obtain tests under 
 the crucial conditions that I have named. 
 
 Not only did I personally meet with difficulties in 
 endeavoring to explain the performances of Mr. and 
 Madame Zencig, but also the members of the unofficial 
 Committee that I have referred to. I now give an 
 extract from our unofficial report. 
 
 "... It must be remembered that the antece- 
 dent probabilities in favor of a code to explain all per- 
 formances of this kind are enormous. 
 
 "While we are of opinion that the records of experi- 
 ments in telepathy made by the Society for Psychical 
 Research and others raise a presumption for the exist- 
 ence of such a faculty at least strong enough to entitle 
 it to serious scientific attention, the most hopeful 
 results hitherto obtained have not been in any way 
 comparable as regards accuracy and precision with 
 those produced by Mr. and Madame Zancig. Further, 
 there is, so far as we are aware, no case of any public 
 performers (including certain recent examples) where 
 the use of a code or apparatus has not been more or 
 less readily discoverable or clearly to be inferred. In 
 considering, therefore, the claim of Mr. and Madame 
 
8o TELEPATHY 
 
 Zancig to the possession of a genuine telepathic faculty, 
 one is faced by the initial difficulty that such a faculty 
 must be regarded as unique in quality, and Mr. and 
 Madame Zancig themselves as unique in kind, a diffi- 
 culty on the force of which it is not necessary to insist. 
 On the other hand, the difficulty of suggesting by what 
 method, if not by telepathy, they communicate is con- 
 siderable. Those who have only witnessed the public 
 theater performances, clever and perplexing as these 
 are, will not appreciate how hard it is to offer any 
 plausible explanation of their modus operandi." 
 
 In conclusion, I would wish to point out that the 
 establishment of the fact that telepathy is a scientific 
 truth would have bearings of the greatest importance. 
 
 It would show that the transmission of thought could 
 occasionally be effected otherwise than by the ordinary 
 sense channels. 
 
 It would change the materialistic conception that 
 thought only acts within the limits of the brain. 
 
 It would modify the materialistic scientific view of 
 the relation of mind to matter. 
 
 I trust that what I have written will act as an incen- 
 tive to some of my readers to try experiments in this 
 branch of psychical research. ^ It is not enough that a 
 
 ^ Information relating to cases of genuine telepathy may 
 be sent to the Secretary of the Society for Psychical Research, 
 20 Hanover Square, London, who will be pleased to investigate 
 them. 
 
TELEPATHY 8i 
 
 few individuals by patient inquiry and experiment 
 should have been convinced of the reality of telepathy. 
 What is wanted is that scientific men generally, by the 
 record of an overwhelming number of experiments 
 under the strictest test conditions, should be convinced 
 of its truth. Once let them be so, then public convic- 
 tion will in due time follow. 
 
 Meanwhile I feel bound to state that, in spite of 
 initial improbability, the experiences which I myself 
 have had, as partly narrated in this book, especially 
 those briefly summ.arized in Part I, have convinced me 
 that the telepathic faculty does exist, and that its detec- 
 tion is a genuine extension of scientific knowledge ; 
 though much more will have to be done before the bare 
 fact receives its explanation and is permanently incor- 
 porated in a coherent system of Science. 
 
Vot. 4 (Comiriste). 
 
 CLAIRVOYAXCE AND CRYSTAL GAZING. 
 
 As St. Paul points out man has a natunil (or material) body and a srrfrltual 
 body. Tlicre are also a matt-rial wurld and a Bpirltual worliC At death (ao-caJed) 
 tho s:>lrltual body leaves the material bod>' and goes to tho spiritual «-orl.l. 
 
 With tho eye. we can only s«j materiel tlrn^s. T.> sw. U\o siwritual world we 
 must cultivate the spiritual sight. Scdrig spiritual things with the spiritual sliht is 
 calli^ ClairBoyance (or ■•Second Sight"). 
 
 You can. if you choose. oulUvata your Clairvoyant faculty. If you do. you wi'l 
 be aWe to s-e iila/ns and persons In tho spiritual «x>rid. Tou will be able t> 
 deerrlbo to your fneiuls pcnplo in spirit life that they have kik«vQ ht-ra 
 
 Further, yiu will be able to see what is going dr at a dlftanoe In this world. 
 You will also bo able to see Into the past and tho future. Yf>u will be abo to 
 obtain Inforraation. and t«) (jive a<!vlce. of tho utmost value. You will be able t*j 
 trace hidden tJ"easure; to find lost friends, animals, and property: and so on. 
 
 With Clalrvcyance can also be oft«n developed Clalraudienoe (or Spiritual 
 Hserlnn). 
 
 Crjst.iJ Gating means looking Into a crystal (a glaiis egg) or Into poraething else 
 of a lD;e kind. If yuu have developtxl tiie faculty, yt^u will, after a sh:)rt time, s^e 
 form, apprjiiilly In v.hat you ore l'-H>klin? Into, a picture. This picture wi'l in all 
 pn>babi':lty have rcfoTKico to tho past, present, or future either of y^^rsclf or of 
 tho jierson far whom you aro pracilsin,;. Presently tho picture will dissolve and dis- 
 appear; when anoihrr will take It.s ilace; and so on. 
 
 "CLURVOYANrH .VXD CUYSTAL UVZlNfi' c vee yu full partlculara as to 
 how you laay develop tlmao marvelcus and invaluable i»>wcrs. 
 Send for this B«ok at once. Price 30 cents. 
 
 Vol. 5 (Cjmplcte). 
 
 TABLE RAPPING AND AUT03IATIC 
 ^VRITING. 
 
 "If a man die, shall he live a«ain?" Di-k^s death end all; or Is it merely "the 
 gate of lifol" And if there be a next world, can we coimuunicato with tliosa that 
 are In it? 
 
 'ni~!o RTo qucstlfins that have afitatod tho minds of millions. 
 
 "TAIiLH RArPI.VG A.VU ArTO.M.VTIi" \nUTtNG" answers the cuwtlons In 
 tho anirmatlvo. Hut it rio«s more. It tells you h w you can nn.iwer thi-m in the 
 aiUrmaiivo. It tells yo'j how you can prove th.at tliero is aroihor life, ani how y.u 
 can opeci up communication wlih those tJiat dwell therein. To the MateriaLst it 
 says: "Relief H unioccssary. You demand eviricnco — hers It U." 
 
 "TABLH R.fVPPING AVI> AtTfyjfATIC \^^{1T1^•G■' glvee fuli Instructions h w 
 
 to form a Crcle for rw-c'vlng mes-^pyes from spirit friemd.-"; h->w to onr.b:o spirits 
 
 to moke themselves t1»:1>1o to onllnarj- .sj^ht ("Materl'iUrntim"! : how to R-t 
 
 written messages, drawings, etc., fi>>m those that have "pnised over;" and so on. 
 
 Send for this Book at onc«. Price 30 cents. 
 
 Vol. 6 (Complafc:). 
 
 HOW TO CON VERS I] AVITH SPIRIT 
 FRIENDS. 
 
 This valuable \y~ok gonn st'll further Into tho subjects dealt with in "Table Rap- 
 ping and Aufmatlo Writing." 
 
 .\ medium is a poisisji wlk^se [ire.ionre Is n<r-cssary before a spirit can c^m- 
 numlcatp. "HOW TO O-Wh^sE WITH .'sriltlT FKIEND.'^" tells >iiu how yi-u 
 may .yourself lievclop modlunilstlc iwwers. so as to be able to rccoivo mcosagi'S from 
 tlio iilhor world when sitting al' no. 
 
 Tlin b.K>k also tcll.s y.'u alx'ut tUffert'nt kinds of spirits. Including apparitions 
 ("ghosts") and .iiV.nt (nillcs (tlin spirit friends that ari> constantly «i;h each of 
 us) ; Bb>ut spirit o-iitnl (how s:)lrit» w rk through the orKauisiiis of modlumsi ; 
 and nboiit splrit-glwni prcmonltlutis. waniings. dtvtUi -signs, ota Tho work, more- 
 over gives much other intermtlng ami valuuhle matt<T. 
 
 "HOW T<) CONVER.<*B WITH SPIRIT ntlK.NDS" Is specially calculated to 
 "c->mfiirt thofio tlial mourn." 
 
 Tw • out of the SIX lllustrlitlic'na show a haunted farmhouse and some spirit forms 
 OS suun by a medium. 
 
 Send lor this Bock tt oflc«. Price 30 cent*. 
 
 MARLOWE COMPANY r.uir.ir.n •■ • 
 
RETURN EDUCATION-PSYCHOLOGY LIBRARY 
 
 TO— ^ 26001 
 
 rolman Hall 
 
 642-4209 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 SEMESTER 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 2-hour books must be renewed in person 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 QUARTER LOAN 
 
 DUE: 
 
 AUG ^ 6 198 3 
 
 SUBJECTTQ KE^AU 
 
 itttrir 
 
 Njn\. 
 
 jm 
 
 
 FORAA NO. DD10 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 BERKELEY, CA 94720 
 
 i^% 
 
liii' 
 
m 
 
 :,iiilii 
 
 ;) !