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 u 
 
 COLLATION 
 
 OF AN 
 
 3lnt)ian Copp 
 
 oi' Till; 
 
 HEBREW PENTATEUCH, 
 
 WITH 
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS i 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, 
 AND A NOTICE OF SOME OTHERS, (HEBREW AND SYllIAC) 
 
 COLLECTED BY ^ 
 
 The Rev. CLAUDIUS BUCHANAN, D.D. 
 
 In the Year 1806, 
 
 AND NOW DEPOSITED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE ; 
 
 ALSO 
 
 A COLLATION AND DESCRIPTION OF A MS. ROLL OF THE 
 BOOK OF ESTHER; 
 
 AND THE 
 
 MEGILLAH OF AHASUERUS, 
 
 From llie Hebrew Copy original/i/ extant in Brazen Tablets at Goa, 
 
 on the Malabar Coast. 
 
 WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION. 
 
 By THOMAS YEATES, 
 
 LATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 Printed, III/ J. Smil/i, Printer to the University i 
 
 A Nil SOLD BY UIVINGTONS, ST. P.AUl's C 111) K CIl-Y AR I) ; 
 
 CADEI.L AND DAV\ES, STIJAND; AND HATCHAUD, PICCADILLY, LO.NDON; 
 
 AND Dl'.IGHTON, CAMBUIDOE. 
 
 1812. • 
 
 I'r'ne 'J.v. /;/ hiidirlt.
 
 SfacR 
 5 
 
 ^S3 
 
 /
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS 
 
 IFilliam Frederick 
 
 DUKE OF GLOUCESTER AND EDINBURGH, 
 
 Cljanccnor 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE; 
 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 COILLATIOMS 
 
 ARE, 
 
 BY PERMISSION, 
 INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS's MOST DUTIFUL, HUMBLE, ' 
 
 AND OBLIGED SERVANT, 
 
 T. YEATES. 
 
 Cambridge, 
 Dec. 7, 1811. 
 
 „-. *■»/ k
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 ± HE MS. here collated derives its importance principally 
 from the country where it was discovered, and the class of 
 Jews from whom it was procured. The learned Dr. Buchanan, 
 while in India, was attentive to the investigation of the 
 History and Literature of the Christians and Jews in those 
 parts of the East*; for which purpose he travelled from 
 Calcutta to Cape Comorin by land, and made excursions in 
 the interior of that extensive peninsula, where he met with 
 Jewish colonies. 
 
 The derivation of the MS, is announced in the printed 
 label affixed to it: — " This Manuscript, on a Roll of Goat- 
 skins dyed red, was found in the Record Chest of one of the 
 
 * " The design of investigating the History and Literature of the Christians and 
 Jews in the East, was submitted to the Marquis of Wellesley before ho left India. 
 His Lordshij), judgiug it to be of importance that the actual relation of the Syrian 
 Christians to our own Church should be ascertained, and auguring something inter- 
 esting to the republic of letters, from the investigation of the Syriac and Jewish 
 Antiquities, was pleased to give orders that public aid should be afforded to Dr. 
 Buchanan, in the prosecution of his enquiries, wherever it might be practicable." 
 Calcutta Report, 
 
 B
 
 2 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 Synagogues of the Black Jews, in the interior of Malayala in 
 India, by the Rev. Claudius Buchanan, in the year 1806." 
 Those Jews, on being asked certain questions about it, could 
 give no precise account of it: some replied, that it came 
 orig'maUy from Senna in Arabia; others of them said, it was 
 brought from Cashmir. The Cabul Jews, who travel annually 
 into the interior of China, remarked, that in some Synagogues 
 the Law is still found tvritten on a roll of leather ; not on 
 vellum, but on a soft flexible leather, made of goat-skins, and 
 dyed red, which agrees with the foregoing description of 
 Dr. Buchanan's Roll. 
 
 We know very well that the Jews, in the time of Moses, 
 had the art of preparing and dying skins : for rams' skitis 
 dyed red, made a part of the covering for the tabernacle, 
 (Exod. xxvi. 14.); and it is exceedingly probable, that the 
 verj' autograph of the Law, written by the hand of Moses, 
 was written on skins so prepared. The ancient rules pre- 
 scribed to the Jewish Scribes direct, that the Law be so 
 written, provided it be done on the skins of clean animals, 
 such as sheep, goat, or calf-skins : therefore this MS. and 
 many others in the hands of the Jews, agree in the same 
 as an ancient practice. The Cabul Jews, as aforesaid, shew 
 that copies of the Law, written on leather skins, are to be 
 found among their people in India and China; and hence 
 we have no doubt, that such are copies of very ancient MSS. 
 
 Dr, Kennicott quotes from Woltius, that a certain Jew, 
 named Moses Pereyra, affirmed, he had found MS. copies of
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 3 
 
 the Hehrciv text in Malabar ; for that the Jews, having escaped 
 from Titus, hetuoh themselves through Persia to the Malabar 
 coast, and arrived there safe in number about eighty persons*. 
 Whence Wolfius concludes, that great fidelity is to be attached 
 to the INIalabar MSS. The Buchanan MS. may fairly be 
 denominated a Malabar copy, as having been brought from 
 those parts. 
 
 There are only six Synagogue copies of the Hebrew 
 Pentateuch in rolls, at present known in England, and in our 
 Libraries, exclusive of those in the possession of the Jews ; 
 viz. Two in the Bodleian Library, Oxford ; the roll now in 
 the University Library, Cambridge ; two rolls in the Library 
 of the British Museum; and one in the Collegiate Library, 
 Manchester. Tliese are all excellent copies, and of large 
 dimensions: five out of the six are composed of skins, one 
 on vellum. 
 
 It is not a little remarkable, that neither of those famous 
 rolls in Oxford has undergone a regular collation, nor, perhaps 
 for a similar reason, those in the British Museum : for Dr. 
 Kennicott having examined them in a number of places, and 
 not finding any material variation in the text from that of 
 the printed edition by Van. Hooght, seems to have declined 
 
 * " Refert Moses Peret/ra, se invenisse Manuscripta Exeniplaria {Hcbrmi Textm) 
 MALAnARiCA. Tradit Judaos, a Tito fugientes, per Persiam se ad oras Malabaricas 
 contulisse, ibique cum octoginta animis salvos advcnisse. Unde constat, MStis 
 Malabaricis multiim fidei tribuendum esse." IVolf. 4, 97. See Dr, Kennkou's 
 Dissertation the Second, p. 532. Oxford, 1759.
 
 4 rRFLIMIXARV REMARKS. 
 
 further research into them. As to the first article, Srgnaf> 
 Hunting. Bod. Lib. his words are these: " Quum vix ullcC 
 variationes hujus MSti ab editione Hooghtiana repertje fuerunt, 
 etsi pluribus in locis sit consultus, non ilhus facta fuit collatio," 
 Concerning the other, Sign. Raiv/ins, he says, " Codice hie 
 illic examinato, non eum coUatione dignum existimavi*." His 
 reason for this, however, appears inconclusive, as it is founded 
 on the supposition that such rolls may have been written 
 since the aera of Printing ; but it is known to all the world, 
 that the Jews never write their public copies of the Pentateuch 
 from a printed text, but always from the written text, the 
 most pure and ancient they can select for the purpose. Had 
 this Gentleman examined, by a regular collation, only such 
 rolls as he but partially consulted, he had saved himself 
 immense labour ; since such copies are the prime and fountain 
 copies of this part of the Hebrew Scriptures, and have an 
 authority against which no other private copies can have 
 any manner of weight in the determination of any various 
 reading. This ill choice of MSS. whereby to produce a pure 
 text, has rendered the Doctor's labours so unpopular with 
 the Jews. 
 
 The Synagogue rolls have their peculiarities and charac- 
 teristics, wherein as to their form and composure they differ 
 from private copies. The purest exemplars arc those w^hich 
 have been consecrated by actual use in the Synagogue ; such 
 
 * Vid. Kcnnicotli Bib. Iltb. vol.11. Diisert. Gen. p. 72.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. O 
 
 having been painfully examined and approved upon the most 
 diligent inquisition. " Multum intercedit discriminis, inxjuii 
 Carpzov'nts, inter Codices convolutos Synagogarum publicos, 
 et inter Codices quadratos privatorum vel doctorum in scholis. 
 Illi, sive publicis usibus in Synagogis inserviant, sive ad eorum 
 instar, in gratiam doctorum virorum concinnentur, multa 
 accuratione et fide, ad leges a magistris Judgeorum latas, eodem 
 fere omnes modo, componuntur, ut vix alteri ab alteris dis- 
 crepent." Vid. Carpzovii Grit. Sacr. cap. VIII. De Codkibus 
 V. T. Heh. MStis, p. 3 7 1 . For a copious and learned account 
 of the rules of the Jewish Scribes in copying the Sacred Law, 
 this Author refers to Schikard, in n'D, cap. II. Theor. V. p. 89, 
 et seqq. See also Leusden, De Pentateuchis Manuscriptis, 
 Dissert. XXXIV. p. 397. Philolog. Hcbr. Also Disquisitioms 
 Critics, cap. II. Loud. i684. 
 
 The general characteristics of the Synagogue rolls are these : 
 
 1. They are written in the square character, and without the 
 vowel points and accents. 
 
 2. They have no distinction of chapters and verses. 
 
 3. They mark no division of the text, but by the observance 
 
 of certain spaces. 
 
 4. They mark the division of books by a space equal to four 
 lines. 
 
 5. Certain words begin columns according to ancient rule. 
 
 6. Certain letters are written large, others smaller than those 
 
 of the text. 
 
 7. The margin of the columns is every where plain, and free 
 
 from notes.
 
 6 PUKLIMIXARV IlEMARKS. 
 
 8. In some copies the writing is plain and unadorned ; in 
 others the letters are adorned with the Coronie, or Tagin.* 
 
 Description of the Ccnnhridgc Roll, 
 
 Or, Indian Copy, which also may be denominated Mala- 
 tinric, from thjit part of India in whose vicinity it was found. 
 It consists of strong leather skins, thirty-four in number, 
 and sewed together. The text occupies one hundred and 
 seventeen columns, and the length of the roll, in its present 
 condition, measures nearly fifty feet, by about two feet broad. 
 The columns contain fifty lines, and are about a palm, or four 
 inches in breadth. It contains the fragments of three ditferent 
 roUs; and the skins are of two qualities, partly rctl, and partly 
 broivu. Some of them are in very good preservation ; others 
 much impaired by time, and flawed in many places ; but the 
 writing is nevertheless clear and legible, it having sunk into 
 the substance of the skin. Some few places are defaced from 
 accident, perhaps from its conveyance from so great a distance. 
 The old skins have been strengthened by patches of parch- 
 ment on the back ; and in one place four words have been 
 renewed by the same supply. The text is written in the 
 square character, and without the vowel points and accents; 
 
 * Tlie Tu'^in, in Hebrew |'J,~| or |'JXn> bcloriff to tlic ornamental part of Hebrew 
 writin!», and are observed In the more .s|ik'iidi(l and highly finished copies. They 
 are certain fine radii, ascending from the tops of the letter:! in manner of horns, and 
 are said to be done in imitation of the glory Mojjcs saw in the Divine writing 
 delivered to him on Mount Sinai. Y^^^^ is derived from KiH, corona, coromimtntum. 
 Vid. Btutorfi Lci. Cliuld. Hab. p. 250>.
 
 PRELIMINAUY REMARKS. / 
 
 and the margin of the columns is every where plain, and free 
 from writing of any sort. It has all the spaces and mhmtue 
 of the most correct Masoretic copies, and some few pecu- 
 liarities not common in those of the Western Jew^s. Several 
 of the skins have the ornamental writing or Coronje, formerly, 
 belonging to a most superb and highly finished copy. The 
 text of Genesis occupies fifty-seven columns, and concludes 
 the last with a space equal to four lines. 
 
 Columns l, 2, 3, -1, 5, Q, 7, 8, 9, 10, ll, 12, 13, 14, 
 15, l6, 17, 18; also 26, 2/, 28, 2g, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 
 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46; also 6", 
 68, 69, 70, are all on red skins, and of the same hand- 
 writing, which is exquisitely fine, and surpassing even the 
 most finished specimens of Hebrew typography. 
 
 Columns 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25; also 47, 48, 49, 
 and 50, are also on red skins, and elegantly written with the 
 Tdgiu or Coronas. 
 
 Columns 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 02, 
 63,64, Q5, 66; also 71, 72, 73, 74, 7.'), 7^, 77, 78, 79, 80; 
 also 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,115, 116, 
 1 1 7, are all of one denomination, and are on strong brown 
 skins, written in a less elegant hand, apparently of great 
 antiquity. 
 
 Columns 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 9I, 92, 
 93, 9-1' 95, 9O; 97, 98, 99> 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105,
 
 8 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 exhibit two specimens of writing, and are probably parts ot 
 two different INLSS., the skins mostly red. The text is in 
 many places ditiicult, tVom the rudeness and irregularity of 
 the writing. 
 
 \\'ith respect to the several sorts of skins and hand- 
 writing, the answer of some Indian Jews, when interrogated 
 concerning this MS., is worthy of remark. By one account, it 
 was /»'oi/g/if J'ruiii Sci/iia in Jrnh'ia ; and by another account, /'/ 
 came from Ois/iiiiir: which two accounts arc cleared up on 
 an examination of the MS., since part of it being composed 
 of brown skins, and the writing very similar to that seen in 
 rolls of Arabian and African extraction, there is a possibility 
 that such part is the fragment of an Arabian or African MS., 
 as those Jews relate : and the other account, viz. that it was 
 brought from Cashmir, may also be equally true; since that 
 part consisting of red skins so well corresponds with their 
 own description of copies found in the Synagogues of the 
 Eastern Jews. The consideration of this point attaches still 
 greater consequence to the roll itself, which, as it is found 
 to consist of fragments of copies purely Oriental, and seem- 
 ingly unconnected with the Western Jewish copies, we may 
 now conclude the same to be ample spccinievs of copies in 
 those parts of the world. It is true indeed, that a great 
 part of the text is wanting, and the whole book of Leviticus; 
 yet, notwithstanding the large dclicicncics of the MS., it 
 ought to be a satisfaction to know, that herein arc ample 
 specimens of at least three ancient copies of the Pentateuch, 
 whose testimony is found to unite in the integrity and pure
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 9 
 
 consen'ation of the Sacred Text, acknowledged by Christians 
 and Jews in these parts of the world. The following 
 Collation confirms the truth of this remark; and if 
 such specimens, furnished by this MS., are allowed their 
 proper weight and importance, we can have little room to 
 doubt of the general purity of the entire copies; so that we 
 now have no reason to expect, from Hebrew MSS. obtained 
 from the Oriental Jews, any new or extraordinary emendation 
 of the Hebrew text of the Pentateuch. 
 
 It may be interesting to the critical Reader to Jiave 
 a brief notice of several other MSS. extant in the British 
 Libraries. 
 
 Description of the Oxford Rolls. 
 
 I. A large Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch, formerly in the 
 use of some Synagogue, Sign. Hunting. Bod. Lib. N°. 6l8, 
 619, O20, 622, now in four parts, or small rolls, measuring 
 together in length one hundred and thirty-three feet, and 
 two feet broad. The whole number of skins is sixty- 
 seven, which are of the quality called Broivn African. The 
 text is written in a large square character, without points, 
 accents, Masorah, or any distinction of chapters and 
 verses. The initial letters are equal to the rest ; nor have 
 they anv addition or ornament besides the Coronae or 
 Tagin. 
 
 II. A large Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch, formerly in the 
 use of some Synagogue, Sign. liawUnson. Bod. Lib.
 
 10 PRELIMIXARV REMARKS. 
 
 It consists of forty-one skins, measuring in length eighty 
 feet, and in breadth twenty-seven inches. The text is 
 written in the square character, without points, accents, 
 Masorah, or any distinction of chapters and verses. The 
 letters are adorned with the Coroiice, and the spaces 
 between the several Books are equal to four lines. 
 
 Description of the Rolls in the British Museum. 
 
 I. llarleian CoUeefion. " A double Roll, containing the 
 Hebrew Pentateuch, written in a large character on brown 
 African skins. It consists of forty skins of different 
 breadths, some skins containing more columns than others. 
 The columns are one hundred and fifty-three; each column 
 contains sixty-three lines, is about thirty inches deep, and 
 generally more than five inches broad. The letters have 
 no points, nor any horns or flourishes on the tops of them. 
 The initial words not larger than the rest, and between 
 every two Books is left the space of four lines." This 
 description is a copy of the label affixed to it. 
 
 TI. A very superb Vellum Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch, 
 given by Solomon Da Costa, es(j., together with a rare 
 and elegant collection of Hebrew books. The text of 
 this MS. is written without points, accents, Masorah, or 
 any distinction of chapters and verses. The Books have 
 a space between them equal to four lines. The breadth 
 of the roll is a folio size, the columns are of unequal width ; 
 the letters are square, and written without the C'oronae.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. U 
 
 Description of the Roll in the Collegiate Library, 
 Manchester. 
 
 The following are the particulars of this Roll, lately 
 communicated to me by a learned friend, a clergyman, 
 on whose skill and accuracy the Reader may rely. It is 
 a large double Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch, composed 
 of brown African skins, forty-five in number, and measures 
 in length one hundred and six feet ; containing two hundred 
 and four columns of writing, each column having about 
 forty-eight lines. The breadth of the Roll is about twenty 
 inches, and of each column about four inches. The letters 
 are black and well preserved, and the whole text is without 
 points, accents, and marginal additions. The Book of Genesis 
 occupies fifty-one columns, ending with a space equal to four 
 lines, as likewise does Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. The 
 metrical chapters are as in other Hebrew copies, and the 
 columns wider in proportion. The words TsTP?. (Gen. xlix.) 
 D'KIin, (Exod. xiv.) and 110 TV2, (Num. xxiv.) begin columns. 
 The words 'fTI "TNO (Gen. xlvii. 28, 29.) are distanced by the 
 space of one letter. There are in it some few erasures, or 
 defaced places, where there have been corrections. Some of 
 the letters have the Coronee : and as to the great and small 
 letters in certain words, this MS. has them in common with 
 other copies. It has not been collated : the donor's name 
 is Byron.
 
 12 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 Those who please to consult Dr. Kcnnicott's Dissertatio 
 Gerieralis, or the Bihliotheccc Bodleiance Cod. AISS. Orient. 
 Cafalogus a Uri, may meet with further particulars relating 
 to some of the above articles. There is likewise a small and 
 beautiful Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch in the Library of 
 Lincoln College, Oxford, which has not been collated, as 
 noticed by Dr. Kennicott, Dissert. Geiieralis. " Cod. 78. 
 Peiifaf. Rotuhis parvus et c/cgantissiitius in Bihlioth. Coll. 
 Lincolniensis. Panim examinatus fuit ; quia scriptus videtur 
 Seculo XVII. et forte ah Exeinplari impresso desumptus." 
 No further particulars are given of this unique copy, which 
 may nevertheless have its merit, though it docs not rank in 
 description with the former. 
 
 With respect to the antiquity of these Rolls, we no wliere 
 find the least notice; a circumstance not peculiar to them, 
 but common to MSS. of this description, lest by any ex- 
 traneous and human additions, they should seem to derogate 
 from the sanctity and inviolability of the Divine Word : 
 their age is therefore matter of conjecture ; though it may be 
 admitted, that much antiquity may attach to MSS. in 
 skins, from their texture, strength, and durability; besides, 
 this material retains a more lasting impression than any 
 parchment or vellum can equal, in the preservation of the 
 writing and form of the letters, which sink into its substance, 
 and hence are indelible. The text is also less exposed to 
 corruptions, from the difficulty of erasure, the traces of which 
 cannot be effaced.
 
 PRELIMINARY IlEftlARKS. 13 
 
 In these exemplars, the omission of the vowel points 
 and accents, maccaph, soph-pesuk, and the marginal readings 
 called Keri; also of the Masoretical notes subjoined to the 
 several books, in copies of other forms, no less declare for 
 the purity of the text, than for the fidelity of the Jews in 
 preserving this part of the Holy Writings in their original 
 and pristine form, without annexing to the letter of the text 
 any of those additions. This consideration affords an insuper- 
 able argument, that the characters of the vowel points and 
 accents, though perhaps ancient, were not coeval with the 
 Mosaic original. 
 
 Besides the MS. rolls, thei'e are other prime copies of 
 elaborate compilation to be found among the folio and quarto 
 MS. volumes extant in the British Libraries. Dr. Kennicott, 
 who had laboured in these researches with equal success and 
 plausibiUty, computed their number at 144, in which account 
 is included seven Samaritan MSS. 
 
 The MS. copies of the whole Hebrew Bible, then known 
 in England, are as follows, taken from his statement. 
 
 Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
 
 No. 1. Bible, 2 vols, folio No. 4/1. 46l. 
 
 2. Bible, quarto •H98. 
 
 3. Bible, 2 vols, quarto 5350. 1. 
 
 4. Bible, 2 vols, folio 594 5. t). 
 
 Raddiffe Library. 
 
 5. Bible, quarto. 
 
 6. Bible, quarto, Kennicott. 
 
 £
 
 14 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 Cambridge lAhi'cirics. 
 
 No. "{. Bible, quarto, University Library . . . Mm. b. 27, 
 
 8. Bible, 3 vols. fol. Emanuel Coll. . . . No. i.27. 
 
 Libraries in hondou. 
 
 9. Bible*, folio, Royal Library. 
 
 10. Bible, quarto, Royal Society. 
 
 11. Bible, folio, British Museum, Harl. . . No. 1528. 
 
 12. Bible, 4 vols, octavo, British Museum . . . 5498. 
 
 13. Bible, 2 vols, folio, British Museum . . . 57 10. 
 
 University, Aberdeen. 
 
 14. Bible, quarto, Marischal College. 
 
 PENTATEUCHS IN ROLLS 
 
 Already noticed. See page 9. 
 
 * " This curious MS., which contains the whole Hebrew Bible, has also been 
 collated; and it has one pre-eminence above every other MS. I have seen — that it 
 belonged, not only to a Synacogie, (though even that circumstance would have been 
 important, as it contains a multitude of variations,) but to a Synagogue in Jerusalem 
 itself. For a very celebrated Rabbi, who was born in Spain in 1 lO*, built a Synagogue 
 at Jerusalem ; and in this Synagogue (which was built about 500 years since) it was 
 preserved with the utmost veneration, till Jerusalem was taken by the Emperor Selim 
 in I517. The MS. was then seized by a Turkish oflicer, who carried it lo Alcppoj 
 where, in 1683, it came into the hands of the celebrated D'ArvUiix : and it was 
 afterwards purchased bv an English gentleman, who brought it home to enrich his 
 own country. In this MS. the Psalms, Job, and Proverbs, are written in litmistics, 
 as the Hebrew poetry certainly should be. And, though it has sullered by rasures, 
 it has still many various readings, and several of consequence : in particular, it has 
 lu-o verses in one place, which are clearly genuine, though the Masora has pronounced 
 thtm spuriou*." Annual Atcount for the Year 1708, p. I2j.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 15 
 
 PENTATEUCHS NOT IN ROLLS. 
 
 Bodleian Libi^ary, Oxford. 
 
 No. 1. Pentateuch, folio No. 1262. 
 
 2. Pentateuch, 2 vols, quarto 5349. 
 
 ^. Pentateuch, folio 5949. 
 
 4. Pentateuch, quarto. Marsh 635. 
 
 5. Pentateuch, with the Prophets, &c. 3 vols, folio . 2878. 
 
 6. Pentateuch, with the Megilloth, folio .... 5233. 
 
 7. Pentateuch, with the Megilloth, octavo . . . 5356. 
 
 Radcliffe Library. 
 
 8. Pentateuch and Megilloth, Kennicott. 
 
 9. Pentateuch and prior Prophets. 
 
 College Libraries. 
 
 10. Pentateuch, 12mo. Dr. Barton, Christ-Church. 
 
 11. Pentateuch, folio. Corpus Christi Coll. . . W. B. 4. 7. 
 
 12. Pentateuch, 2 vols, folio, Jesus Coll. . . No. 11. 12 
 
 13. Pentateuch & Hagiographa, folio. Oriel Coll. . 72. 
 
 Library of St. Johns College, Cambridge. 
 
 14. Pentateuch and Megilloth, folio. 
 
 British Museum. 
 
 15. Pentateuch, folio No. 5586. 
 
 16. Pentateuch, quarto 5772. 
 
 17. Pentateuch and Haphtaroth, quarto 5683.
 
 16 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 No. 18. Pentateuch and .Megilloth, quarto 762 1. 
 
 19. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto 5706". 
 
 20. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto 5709. 
 
 21. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto ^77'-i- 
 
 22. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto I861. 
 
 23. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto. Da Costa Collect. 
 
 Library of the Royal Society. 
 
 24. Pentateuch and Megilloth, quarto. 
 
 Collegiate Library, Westminster. 
 
 25. Pentateuch, octavo. 
 
 Statement of the Number of MS. Copies of the Sacred Boolis 
 in the various Codices, including Rolls. Vid. Ken. Diss. 2. 
 p. 589. 
 
 
 1759. 
 
 1810. 
 
 
 1759. 
 
 1610. 
 
 Pentateuch * . 
 
 34. 
 
 46. 
 
 JEsthert . . . 
 
 . 37. 
 
 42. 
 
 Joshua. . . . 
 
 ir- 
 
 25. 
 
 Job ... . 
 
 26\ 
 
 34. 
 
 Judges . . . 
 
 is. 
 
 26. 
 
 Psalms . . . 
 
 35. 
 
 42. 
 
 tRuth . . . 
 
 30. 
 
 3S. 
 
 Proverbs . . 
 
 24. 
 
 31. 
 
 Samuel . . . 
 
 18. 
 
 27- 
 
 t Ecclesiastes 
 
 . 33. 
 
 42. 
 
 Kings .... 
 
 18. 
 
 26. 
 
 J Solomon's Song 
 
 32. 
 
 41. 
 
 Chronicles 
 
 19. 
 
 25. 
 
 Isaiah .... 
 
 24. 
 
 31. 
 
 Ezra .... 
 
 21. 
 
 27- 
 
 Jeremiah . . 
 
 21. 
 
 28. 
 
 Nchemiah 
 
 21. 
 
 27. 
 
 1 Lamentations . 
 
 30. 
 
 39- 
 
 * Including seven Rolls. 
 
 i IncJuding twelve Rolls. 
 
 Note, The five Books marked % compose the Meqillolli.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 17 
 
 
 1759. 
 
 1810. 
 
 
 1759. 
 
 1810 
 
 Ezekiel . . 
 
 . . 23. 
 
 30, 
 
 Micah 
 
 . 22. 
 
 29 
 
 Daniel 
 
 . . 20. 
 
 26. 
 
 Nahuni 
 
 . 21. 
 
 28. 
 
 Hosea 
 
 . . 22. 
 
 29- 
 
 Habakkuk 
 
 . 21, 
 
 28. 
 
 Joel . . . 
 
 . . 22. 
 
 29- 
 
 Ze^ihaniah . . 
 
 . 21. 
 
 28. 
 
 Amos . . . 
 
 . . 22. 
 
 29. 
 
 Haggai . . . 
 
 . 21. 
 
 28. 
 
 Obadiah . . 
 
 . . 22. 
 
 29- 
 
 Zechariah 
 
 . 20. 
 
 27. 
 
 Jonah 
 
 . . 22. 
 
 29- 
 
 Malachi . . . 
 
 . 22. 
 
 27. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE MSS. 1759. 
 By Dr. Kennicott, Diss. 2. p. 521. 
 
 The Public Library. 
 
 No. 68. Bible, quarto M m 5. 27. 
 
 69. Prophets />nor, quarto Ee5. 10. 
 
 70. Prophets /)o^#er?or, quarto Ee5,9. 
 
 71. Hagiographa (exc. Megill.) folio , . . E e 5, 9. 
 
 Caius College. 
 
 72. Prophets and Hagiographa, octavo ... No. 404. 
 
 Emanuel College. 
 73. Bible, 3 vols, folio 
 
 No. 1, 27. 
 
 Tiinity College. 
 
 74. Psalms, folio.
 
 18 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE MSS. isio. 
 
 HEBREW, SYRIAC, AND yETIIlOPIC. 
 
 University Library. 
 
 No. 1. Bible. Vellum, with Points, quarto . . Mm 5.27. 
 
 2. Prophets />Wo/- ; viz. Joshua, Judges, Samuel, 
 
 Kings, quarto E e 5. 8. 
 
 3. Prophets posterior ; viz. Isaiah, Jeremiah, 
 
 Ezekiel, and twelve minor prophets, 
 
 quarto Ec 5. 10. 
 
 4. Hagiographa, (exc. Megilloth,) viz. Job, 
 
 Psalms, Proverbs, Daniel, Ezra, Nehc- 
 
 miah, and Chronicles, quarto large . . E e. 5. 9- 
 
 5. Job in Metre, with Points and Comm'. folio. D d. 8. 53. 
 
 6. Pentateuch, a Roll, Buchanan Collection . Class O o. 
 
 7. Esther, a Roll, silk, ditto . . . ditto. 
 
 8. Esther, a Roll, parchment, small, ditto . . ditto. 
 Ahasuerus : title, Megillath Ahasueriis, do. . ditto. 20. 
 Gad : the Book of Gad the Seer, do. . ditto. 20. 
 New Testament, Jcrusal. charact. quarto, do. ditto. 32. 
 Acts of the Apostles, and part of St. Paul's 
 
 Epistles do. ditto. 16. 
 
 Gospel of St. John, with points, and Tuarginal 
 notes in Greek*, K. folio. 
 
 Not in the Buchauau Collection.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 19 
 
 SYRIAC MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Psalms No. 50. 
 
 Prophets 51. 
 
 Buchanan Collection, Class O o. 
 
 Bible ; containing the Old and New Testament, with 
 the Apocrypha, and fragments of the eight books of 
 Clemens, Estranghelo character, 2 vols, large folio, 
 parchment No. 1. 2. 
 
 Pentateuch ; folio, large unique character 8. 
 
 Pentateuch ; quarto Nestorian 26. 
 
 Pentateuch ; quarto Nestorian 27. 
 
 Judges, Samuel, Kings, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Ruth, 
 Song of Solomon, Job, and Ecclesiasticus ; large 
 quarto 10. 
 
 Esdras, 2 and 3 Maccabees, Revelation of St. John, 
 Esther, Clironicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah ; large 4to . 11. 
 
 Prophets major and minor: Baruch, and Story of 
 Susanna ; Mesopotamian folio 7. 
 
 Prophets major and minor: Baruch, and Story of 
 Susanna; Nestorian quarto 18. 
 
 Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus, octavo 39. 
 
 Four Gospels, and Acts of the Apostles, Antiochian 4to . 25. 
 
 Acts of the Apostles, and St. Paul's Epistles, with the 
 Catholic Epistles of James, Peter, and John ; quarto . 31. 
 
 Acts of the Apostles, and Revelation of St. John, quarto . 21. 
 
 Psalms, with Liturgy, quarto 22. 
 
 Psalms, with some Canticles, 12mo . 40.
 
 20 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 ^THIOPIC MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Liturgy of the Cluirch of England.* 
 
 Goipel of St. John, 12ino, vellum, Buchanan Coll. 
 
 HEBREW MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Cains College. 
 
 No. 9. Prophets and Hagiographa ; viz. all the books of 
 the Old Testament, excepting the Pentateuch, 
 octavo 404. 
 
 Emanuel College. 
 10. Bible, with points, vellum, 3 vols, folio . . . 1. 27. 
 
 St. Johns College. 
 
 11. Pentateuch and Megilloth, folio. 
 
 12. Prophets. 
 
 Trinity College. 
 
 13. Psalms, folio R. 8. 6. 
 
 14. Esther, a Roll. 
 
 * A notice of this curious article I could not here omit : it was a gift from the 
 learned translator, C/iarlct Wright, formerly Arabic Professor. I have in my pos- 
 session the EnLj'lish Liturgy and Offices in Hebrew, done in the reign of King Charles 
 the First, and for the use of some society founded by William Wainfleet,
 
 PRELIMINAUY REMARE&. 21 
 
 From the above statements it appears, that there are 
 extant at this time in the British Libraries, fourteen. MS. 
 copies of the whole Hebrew Bible ; seven copies of the 
 Pentateuch in rolls, and twenty-five other MSS. not in rolls; 
 in all forty-six copies. The Cambridge MSS. are stated 
 specifically for the years 1759 and I8I0, on account of some 
 omissions in the former, and additions in the latter ; so that 
 the aggregate number of sacred Hebrew MSS. of the whole 
 and parts of the Hebrew Bible may be computed now at 
 one hundred and fifty copies. 
 
 As an apology for introducing a notice of other Hebrew 
 MSS. not included in the canon of the Old Testament, and 
 also of Syriac MSS., I presume the importance of their 
 acquisition to the general stock of Sacred Literature will best 
 excuse their insertion. Two remarks indeed must be obvious 
 to all judicious persons; first, that the Syrian Christians 
 in India may be supplied with copies of the entire volume of 
 Scripture from their own fountains, without any immediate 
 recourse to copies derived from the Christian Churches of 
 Europe: secondly, that the Jews have their Scriptures in the 
 greatest perfection ; and, with respect to them, there is an 
 entire version of the New Testament in their own language, 
 and derived from their own parts; so that nothing seems . 
 wanting, but a multiplication of copies by the powerful aid 
 of the Press> and the extensively beneficial exertions of such 
 Societies as are instituted for these purposes. 
 
 It remains to be remarked, that the Syriac MSS. are 
 
 G
 
 22 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 considerably important tor the service of collation, so long 
 wanted in the Syriac text; and these, together with the 
 Oxford MSS., by the united assistance of such of the literati, 
 of both Universities, as are disposed to contribute such lau- 
 dable service to the interest of Religion, we may soon expect 
 a complete collation of the Scriptures in that language. 
 
 But to return : it is to be remarked, that notwithstanding 
 the collation of so large a number of Hebrew MSS., we have 
 very little description at all of them, especially as to tlieir 
 form, and similitude or difference; points as necessarily con- 
 nected, as the form of printed books of the same or different 
 editions, by which, w'ithout dates of time or place, their 
 derivation may be known. The like may be said of the 
 biblical Hebrew MSS., that some are perceived to have 
 a common derivation from some one principal copy; and 
 the text of such MSS. is expected to be nearly, if not entirely, 
 the same in all copies derived from that source. In order 
 to this, the number of folios, columns, and lines, with their 
 measure and size, is requisite to be known. In some copies 
 of the Pentateuch, and others extant in Bibles, there is 
 to be seen the same exactness and nicety as in the rolls 
 themselves; and this shews that they approximate to the 
 perfection of the rolls, as the rolls unquestionably do to the 
 original autograph. For instance, in the Cambridge MS. 
 Bibie, deposited in the University Library, the word riTliT 
 (Gen. xlix.) begins a column, and the last column of the 
 book concludes with a space equal to four lines, an exactness 
 surpassing modern imitation.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 23 
 
 The Hebrew Scribes were the most perfect masters of 
 their art, of any nation in the world ; and Ezra is celebrated 
 for incomparable skill and facility in writing the Law. From 
 the remains of ancient Hebrew MSS. it is by no means 
 improbable, that sugji was the perfection of his canonical 
 text of the Pentateuch, both as to the text and the form of 
 it, that it was, as a sacred exemplar of the Mosaic autograph, 
 absolutely inimitable. 
 
 The only copy of the Pentateuch, known to claim so 
 high an antiquity as the Ezran autograph, is that famous 
 Roll, as Dr. Kcnnicott announces it, sometime ago preserved 
 in the Library of the Dominicans at Bologna in Italy, de- 
 scribed by the learned Montfaucon, Diar. Ifal. p. 399. This 
 Roll, consisting of calf-shins, is doubtless very ancient^ from 
 the Hebrew inscription found in it. " This is the Roll of 
 the Law, written by Ezra the Scribe, with his own hand, 
 when the Captivity returned under King Cyrus to Jerusalem, 
 and built the second Temple, which was completed in forty- 
 two years, and lasted four hundred and twenty years*." 
 It had been in the possession of the Christians nearly four 
 hundred years, viz. from the time of Aymericus, in the be- 
 ginning of the fourteenth century ; and was in JNIontfaucon's 
 time kept under the keys of the Principal of the Monastery 
 
 * " Hie Rotulus Legis est, quem scripsit Esdras Seriba, manu sua, quando sub 
 Cvro Rege redierunt filii Captivitatis in Jerusalem, el a:'dificaverunt secundum 
 Templum, quod fuit consuinmatuni in quadraginia duobus anuis, et duravit ccccxy, 
 aunos."
 
 24 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 and magistrate of the city. For a more particular account, 
 Vide Carpzovii Cr'it. Sacr. p. 366. 
 
 Ezra, who is said to have collected and revised the Sacred 
 Books, without doubt, had a special regard to the ancient 
 and original writings at that time extant. Dr. Kennicott, 
 in his Second Dissertation, very ably shews, that the book 
 of the Law, found in the time of King Josiah, might be the 
 original written by the hand of Moses. " As to the point of 
 age," says he, " this MS. might certainly be the original; 
 distance of time leaving it very possible. For the most 
 extended chronology does not make the interval from the 
 death of Moses to the death of Josiah 930 years; an age 
 exceeded by that of several MSS. preserved at this day." 
 See ibid. p. 300. The interval of time, from the death of 
 Moses to the twelfth year of the reign of King Josiah, was 
 827 years; and from Moses to Ezra, about 984 years, ac- 
 cording to Dr. Cumberland*; and therefore it is possible 
 that the book of the Law, written by Moses, might be in 
 existence in the time of Ezra. The marginal notes to the 
 Hebrew text are ascribed to Ezra ; and those which concern 
 the Jbrm of it, the disposition of columns, and division of 
 books, most probably refer to the Mosaic autograph, or other- 
 wise, how shall the uniformity of copies be accounted for; 
 or whence does it arise, that the Hebrew Rolls, in all 
 parts of the world, so remarkably agree in the form as well 
 as in the letter of the text ? A third copy from the time of 
 
 ♦ Index to the Bible.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 25 
 
 Ezra might transmit to us a fair exemplar of his original at 
 this time. 
 
 Dr. Kennicott conjectures, that a considerable change had 
 taken place in the state of the Hebrew text, during what he 
 is pleased to call its Jiffh period, extending from the time of 
 B. Asher and B. Naphtali, viz. the year looo, to the invention 
 of printing 1457. " It is certain," says he, " that almost all 
 the Hebrew MSS. of the Old Testament, which are known at 
 present, were written at this ffth period, between the years 
 1000 and 1457; which makes it probable, that all the MSS. 
 written before the years 700 or 800, were destroyed by some 
 decree of the Jewish Senate, on account of their many diffe- 
 rences from the copies then declared genuine^ p. 465. Diss. 2. 
 
 Admitting that such conjecture is founded in fact, and 
 that such an important change of the Hebrew copies then 
 extant took place by a general revision, or rather corruption, 
 by the Jews in the West, or in some countries; yet it by 
 no means proves, that such supposed reformation of the text 
 by designing Jews was universal, and extended to the coast 
 of Malabar. The integrity of that part of the Hebrew text 
 in the Cambridge Roll, compared with the most esteemed 
 and genuine printed text, is a direct evidence to the contrary. 
 
 But again ; the integrity and immutability of the Hebrew 
 text is an article of that importance to the whole Christian 
 world, that its defence must be supported jigainst the dangerous 
 consequences of uncertain and unfounded conjecture. The
 
 26 
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 printed text of the Hebrew Scriptures throughout Europe, 
 extant in the several popular and most esteemed editions, 
 both among Christians and Jews, is attested by the 
 Manuscript under consideration ; and it proves that our 
 Western copies do still exist in their ancient form and 
 purit}-, without having suffered any change or material 
 corruption. The testimony of this Malabaric copy is 
 found so truly important in this point, that after having 
 once most carefully collated it with the text of Vander 
 Hooght, I resumed my labour by a second collation with 
 a copy of Athias's Bible, printed at Amsterdam, l66l: the 
 sameness and idejitity of the text in the thixe copies demon- 
 strates their fidelity as having one common origin, and of 
 consequence the genuineness of our printed text. The learned 
 defenders of the Sacred Scriptures will doubtless take up the 
 argument in an improved form, to the advantage of Revelation. 
 
 The chronology of the patriarchal ages, computed from 
 the sums of 3'ears recorded in Genesis, is a point of considerable 
 importance in all collations of the Hebrew text, especially 
 since the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Greek copies, are found 
 to differ so much in the computation of time; and conse- 
 quently, have given rise to several discordant systems. The 
 only hopes of discovering the true and original reckoning, 
 have been placed in the supposed existence of MSS. differing 
 from those hitherto known ; and hence an Oriental copy 
 of the Hebrew Pentateuch has long been a desideratum. 
 The Indian Roll contains the entire text of Genesis, which 
 is sufficient for the purpose ; and its derivation from Jews
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 27 
 
 of very early settlement in India, (perhaps the remnant of 
 the ancient dispersions in the time of Nebuchadnezzar) de- 
 mines this to be an Oriental copy in every sense of the word, 
 and its testimony in this respect must be interesting. The 
 question is, Does this copy agree with the JVestern Hebrew 
 .copies, in the sums of years recorded in Genesis? — the 
 answer is declared in the affirmative ; and is a fact of that 
 importance, that the entire text of those verses has been 
 accurately and faithfully copied from the Roll, and inserted 
 in the Collation, for the satisfaction of the learned. 
 
 The author of " A Dissertation on the Chronology of 
 the St'ptuagint'' printed at London, 1741, has the following 
 remark, p. /. '* Our present Hebrew copies of Genesis,'' 
 says he, " in these IVestern parts of the world, compute 1656 
 years from the Creation of the World to the Universal Deluge : 
 But we are assured, by an Author of good credit, that all 
 the Hebrew copies of Genesis, amongst the Eastern Jews, 
 allow but 1556 years to this period." The Author referred 
 to is Ismael Sciahmschiah, an Arabian, whose words he 
 quotes from the Latin of Abr. Ecchellens,* 
 
 * " Textus autem Hebraic! inde patet Corruptcla, quod a Casu Adami ^d Diluvium 
 computet annos 1556. A Diluvio vero ad nativitatem Abrahamae annos 292. At 
 Noe ex omnium consensu rixit post Diluvium annos 350. Colligitur itaque NoS 
 vita defunctum fuisse agente Abrahamo annum 58, quod maxime est absurdum," &c. 
 On which Ecchellens remarks, " Summa, seu Periodus, quam a Creatione Mundi ad 
 Diluvium ex Hebraico textu suae aetatis, quern in Perside^ ubi scripsit, consuluit, 
 centum annis ab ilia exceditur, quam nostra nunc exhibent in Occidente Exeoipiaria, 
 
 III«
 
 28 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 The author of the Dissertation also remarks, p. 8, that 
 " We arc likewise assured by St. Jerom, that the Hebrew 
 compiifafiovs were not expressed in words at length in the 
 old Hebrew^ copies; but in small characters scarcely visible:" 
 but he does not shew where this assertion is to be found in 
 the writings of that Father; nor is it supported by the 
 evidence of any known copies now extant. 
 
 It is certain, that if at any time there existed in 
 Persia, Arabia, or in any other country of Asia, or Africa, 
 Hebrew copies of the Pentateuch, so materially differing in 
 the article of chronology, as represented by the Arabian 
 author above-mentioned, those copies must have been known 
 to the Jews ; and if such had been popular, the notice of 
 them would have reached our own times, by testimony far 
 superior to mere report. But neither have such copies been 
 any where yet discovered, nor does historical evidence support 
 the relation : the assertion, therefore, appears altogether false 
 and groundless. The Jews, who are dispersed throughout 
 the world, have their sacred books in all places, but know 
 nothing of copies having a different text, or certainly they 
 would find them out at any hazard or expence. 
 
 Illc lamen non .scmel tostatur, non solum se plura cvolvisse rjusmodi Ucbraica Excm- 
 plaria, sed etiatn Rabbinos et gentis dociorcs adiiibui&se, queniadiuodum fecit qunque 
 ante ilium in suo Clironico conficiendo Hamaddinui Jsmqel princeps Haiuit. \L\ quo 
 plane colligere est Exemplaria, (juibus usus est uterque Ismael, dilicre ab iis que 
 Icgunt nunc in Europa Judaei, nuc ita sibi ubiquc constare, ut blattt^at et ludit noster 
 Judsuj." Iliit. Arabum C'hron. Orient. Edit. Parissiis, 1685, p. 1 7 '2.
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 29 
 
 And with respect to the Hcbrciu computations being 
 extant in cyphers and numerical contractions in the old 
 Hebrew copies, as alleged from St. Jerom, no recent discovery 
 of Hebrew MSS. is found to support it in any instance. 
 
 That there did exist a diversity of copies formerly among 
 the Jews, cannot indeed be denied ; but that such copies gave 
 a different text, is more than can be proved, as I shall 
 presently explain. The most celebrated copies among the 
 Eastern and Western Jews were, according to their own 
 history, l.That of Hillel, or the Jerusalem copy; 2. the 
 Hieriuchan copy; 3. that at Cairo in Egypt; 4. the Arabian, 
 at Sinai; and 5. that called the Babylonian. These were 
 the principal and standard copies of the whole Hebrew 
 text, for all cities and provinces in the several countries ; 
 and were the common resort of Scribes in the correction 
 and revision of all copies whatsoever, public and private; 
 and hereof we have an example from the writings of the 
 celebrated Maimonides, who wrote about the middle of the 
 twelfth century. Hi/choth Sepher Torah, cap. VHI. sect. 4. 
 
 cVsyin^n n'm "T'd bbiD Kintr onvon 'ST^''r\ -iddh nih yhv ijdj:db> -isd 
 "iJ^N p irtjnty 'd*? vdoid bon vn vbj^i anoon uoa rvrh Q'JJI' hodd 
 nmnn nson tidsd v'^vi nm l:^^!:v2 inum n^in cjty in p-I|5^^ 
 
 :inD^n3'n:inDB' 
 
 That is, 
 
 " The copy, whereon we depend, is the w^ell-known 
 copy in Egypt, which contains the twenty-four Books, and 
 w^hich was many years at Jerusalem for the purpose of cor- 
 recting copies from it; and upon it all of them depend;
 
 30 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. . 
 
 for Ben Asiier revised it, and n)iiuitcly corrected it ; and 
 revised it many times over : and upon the same I rely 
 in the copy of the Law which I have written according to 
 his rule." Fid. Curpzorii Crit. Sacr. p. 370; also Dr. Ken- 
 nicott's Dissertations on the Fifth Period. Now that these 
 different copies gave a different text is no where shewed, 
 but OJili/ that such differences as obtained in them consisted 
 of the full or deficient forms of some words, as, for example, 
 in mHVinn, (Lev. xviii. 27.) in the Hicriuchan copy, the latter 
 1 Fail is wanting, as noted by Elias Levita. Other differences 
 among copies consisted in the pointing and accents, according 
 to different authorities ; all of these are of no importance as to 
 the text, which nevertheless retained its substantial form and 
 interpretation : And as for the pointed copies of the Pentateuch, 
 their great use was to retain and preserve the uniformity of 
 pronunciation in the public office of reading in the schools 
 and synagogues. The critical Reader is referred to the 
 London Polyglot Bible for the various readings of B. Asher 
 and B. Naphtali in their respective copies. 
 
 The only and last resort of the learned, whereby to settle 
 I he various readings extant in the Western copies, and the 
 important differences between the Hebrew text and the Sama- 
 ritan, Chaldee, Syriac, and Greek, is to such MSS. as may be 
 found among the Jews in India, Tartary, and China. Dr. 
 Kennicott quotes Juhlonski to this purpose, in his Preface 
 to an edition ot the Hebrew liihle, printed at Berlin, -ito. 
 1699. " Lastly," says Dr. K.. " he sets forth the possibility 
 of procuring (as soon as there shall be zeal enough to prompt
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 31 
 
 the men of eminence in Europe to attempt procuring) very 
 ancient Hebrew MSS. from such of the Jews, as have been 
 settled for many ages in China, ^Ethiopia, Const anf'mnple, 
 Jliessalonica, and other distant parts of the world— y//orw//?. 
 codicum nonnulU in Europceonim mum, ut acquimntnr : nuUi 
 vel Labori vel Sunipti/i puixendinn esse, niecuin ojflrmahioit 
 qui, quantopcre philologia sacra /tine illusirari possif, secum 
 reputaverinf. Dissert. II. p. 483. 
 
 Dr. Kennicott was equally solicitous for copies of the 
 Hebrew Scriptures from the Jews of India and China, as 
 appears from his Annual Accounts. He notes a very ancient 
 copy of tlie Pentateuch at Cai-foxg-fu, in the province of 
 Ho-XAxV, mentioned by LeLong, Biblioth. cap. 2 ; and to enrich 
 his collations with so great a treasure, he corresponded with per- 
 sons of great weight and intluence both at Madras and Canton, 
 to which latter place he sent a copy of Van. Hooght's Bible, 
 with hopes, at least, of a collation ; but it appears his laudable 
 endeavours proved fruitless in those remote countries. See 
 Annual Accounts, pp. I2g. l62. The discovery of an Indian 
 copy of the Hebrew Pentateuch was reserved for the eventful 
 period of the nineteenth century, and for a Discoverer, 
 (guided, as it were, by an apostolic spirit, to the very place 
 where it had been reserved from time immemorial,) the 
 excellent Claudius Buchanan, whose track led him also 
 to the discovery of Syriac manuscripts of the Old and New 
 Testament, no less important to sacred literature. The suc- 
 cessful termination of the war in India, doubtless, facilitated 
 the acquisition of these Oriental treasures.
 
 33 PllEI.I.MIN AU V REMARKS. 
 
 In the following Collation, the critical Reader will please 
 to remark, that columns written on the same skin arc sig- 
 nified by a single Hue, whilst several skins of the same 
 denomination are signified by a double line; for example, 
 Skin I. contains four columns; and a single line is used to 
 denote that the said four columns are on the same skin. In 
 the first series of skins are contained eighteen columns ; at 
 the end of which is to be found a double line, to denote 
 that the ensuing columns are on skins of another deno- 
 mination. 
 
 The number of columns in the MS. is one hundred and 
 seventeen; the head-lines of which are exhibited in the 
 Collation exactly as they stand in the original. This has been 
 done for two reasons; (l.) to facilitate the finding any parti- 
 cular text in the MS. which the learned may have occasion to 
 consult; and (2.) to satisfy the curious, who may not have 
 an opportunity of consulting the original. All other lines 
 may be called lines of remark, transcribed for various reasons, 
 interesting to the Hebrew critic: as (i.) the spaces in the 
 text, which are many and various; (2) all lines distinguished 
 by any peculiarity in the form of writing, as in the instances 
 of the called open, or the great and small letters; (3.) such 
 lines as afford any various reading, which, like other words 
 of remark, have a note (°) of reference to the margin; (i.) 
 some remarkable texts have been wholly transcribed for 
 critical purposes, to shew that they have been closely ex- 
 amined, and that they arc according to the Lectiones here 
 produced; (5.) the texts relating to the Hebrew chronology
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 33 
 
 have been also transcribed at large for the more positive 
 proof; (6.) some lines from the deraloguc (Exod. xx.) are 
 transcribed, to shew the peculiar /b/'w of this text; and (7.) 
 the metrical part (Ch. xv.) is wholly given for the same 
 reason. 
 
 To consult the Collation with advantage, it is proper to 
 state the general characteristics of the MS. rolls of the Pen- 
 tateuch, according to ancient and universal practice, collected 
 from the first authorities. The marginal notes to most 
 Hebrew Bibles direct to these characteristics, and are the foun- 
 dation of their institution. 1 shall begin with those respecting 
 the form of the text, and the words beginning columns. 
 
 There are ten words which begin columns, according to 
 the tradition specified in these notes; viz. ri*ii'N"l^. (Gen. i. 1.) 
 
 nmn*. (xlix. 8.) moty nV^i. (Exod. i. i.) ^'n^n. (xiv. 28.) 
 
 Nnp'1. (Lev. i. 1.) ':i^' (xvi. 8.) inTI, (Num. i. 1.) y\D nD, 
 (xxiv. 5.) Dnmnn^K. (Deut i. 1.) and mwi- (xxxi. 28.) 
 The same notes direct to the observance of a space equal to 
 four lines at the end of each Book. The notes evince, that 
 the text in the ancient copies was written in columns ; they 
 expressly mention the word "t12J.% i. e. a column or pillar, 
 having two dimensions, i. e. not in squares, but in form of 
 pillars. 
 
 The extraordinary accuracy required to preserve this 
 adjustment of the text, surpasses common practicability: and 
 therefore it is, that while these peculiar rules obtain more 
 
 K
 
 34 PRELIMINATIY REMARKS. 
 
 or less in most copies; yet, perhaps, there is no one MS. that 
 retains them all. Neither of the rolls in the British ^Museum 
 end Genesis with a column, but with part of a column ; and 
 it is the same with the Manchester Roll, as I have been 
 informed. It adds to the merit of the Buchanan Roll, that 
 the text of Genesis ends with the column, and that of 
 Exodus begins with the column succeeding; the same ob- 
 servation may be applied to the ending of the Book of 
 Numbers, and the beginning of Deuteronomy in the succeed- 
 ing column; and possibly, had we had the text of Leviticus, 
 we should have discovered the same exactness. If the learned 
 Reader should examine these parts of the Roll, he will find 
 them to belong to the broiun skins, supposed of considerable 
 antiquity; or he may consult the Collation following, in the 
 places referred to. 
 
 In some Masoretic editions of the Bible, the notes 
 Tiiyp H^N^i. ill principio culumna, arc accompanied with an 
 abhicv'iation, IDty n''D, signifying tho.se words beginning 
 columns; viz. ^>'l^'K'^^• and the initial word of each succeeding 
 book, mins D'Nnn. 'Jtr, y\'C nj:, and mWV See Mr. Leusden's 
 explanation, in his Preface to Athias's Hebrew Bible, edit. 
 1661. 
 
 Next to the spaces of four lines, at the end of each book, 
 is observed the space of one line, as may be observed in many 
 instances in the following Collation ; and in one instance, the 
 .space of one letter between the words 'HI nNO (Gen. xlvii. 
 27, 28.) distanced by thq measure of an N Aleph. The
 
 PRELIMINATIY REMARKS. 35 
 
 other spaces are of seven sorts, and arc either initial, or final, 
 or bo til. 
 
 The Jews, who pretend to explain every thing relating 
 to their Law, its letters and form of writing, have names 
 and terms peculiar to all these niceties, as may be seen in the 
 Masoretic notes in the margin, and at the end of the Sacred 
 Books, and especially in their critical writings ; but certainly, 
 the original design of these peculiar divisions and spaces in 
 the text of the Hebrew Pentateuch is lost in antiquity. They 
 call the initial spaces mmn3. i. e. openings, because they open 
 a new- paragraph greater or lesser ; and the final spaces m^iriD. 
 i. e. closings, because they stop or close a sentence; and hence 
 originated the single letters 5 and D found in the printed 
 copies of the Pentateuch, and also the triple forms 333. and 
 DDD. making the fifty-tw^o great sections of the Law ; but 
 it is to be remarked, that these interpolated letters do not 
 find a place in the Synagogue rolls. 
 
 The division of the text into verses, and the points of 
 distinction called (:) Soph-pesid; is by no means original, 
 but the invention of later times, as is evident from the form 
 of the text in all the Synagogue rolls of the Pentateuch, 
 which mark no such division, nor admit of those points. 
 The learned Buxtorf, in his Tiherias, chap. XL page 113, 
 quotes from Elias Levita an excellent note to this purpose. 
 
 irn '7K">tt" »:2 ♦jfib n'j-a dk' ick nmnn risw pDD in ^nij' Kin not* 
 D'Ki ijniN nii'ND c'piDs ^310 'r.:'D ■hy\ D'^vo '7ni tpj hi o-c'S -i3D
 
 36 PRELIAIIXAU V Rr. MARKS. 
 
 : nna nn'n 
 
 That is, " It is a certain truth, and of wliich tlierc is no 
 doubt, that this Law, \\hich Mos«s set before the Israelites, 
 was plain ; without points, and without accents, and witliout 
 any distinction of verses, even as we see it at this day: 
 and according to the opinion of the cabahstic doctors, the 
 whole Law was as one verse, yea, and there are that say. 
 as one word." 
 
 In the next place is to be remarked the form of certain 
 letters ditferent from those of the text ; viz. 3 large in ri'tl*N"i3- 
 (Gen. i. 1.) J large in n'^jrm, (Lev. xiii. 33.) T large in 
 inK. (Deut. vi. 4.) n large in r^^7]■'b7^. (Deut. xxxii. (i.) 
 1 large in ^nj. (Lev. xi. 12.) which is the nfiddle letter of 
 the Law; ' large in 7'^j- (Num. xiv. 17.) 7 large in WD/^'V 
 (Deut. xxix. 28.) and, according to the lesser Masora/i, in 
 nKuSm. (Lev. xi- 30.) 3 large in 15fJ. (l^xod. xxxiv. ;.) and 
 ] fnal in jDSK'a (Num. xxvii. 5.) D in On'1. (Num. xiii. 30.) 
 according to some copies, but not the ^Tasorah. In the 
 Buchanan, or Indian Roll, the D is large in "I5D. (Gen. v. 1.) 
 not remarked in any other copy. V large in V2u, (Deut.vi. 4.) 
 ^ final, large in fl'UV^n^ ((icn. xxx, -12.) also in ^I'V- (Gen. 
 XXV. 20.) in the Indian copy only, and in ^H^- (Num. xi. 33.) 
 i' large in 1<V. (Exod. xi. 8.) in the Indian copy, and in three 
 Codices referred to by Dr. Kennicott, but not by Buxtorf ; 
 P large in pt- (Gen. xxiv. 1.) in the Indian copy, but in no
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 3? 
 
 other: "i large in "iriK. (Exod. xxxiv. 14.) n large in COHi 
 (Deut. xviii. 13.) 
 
 The Small Letters. 
 
 K small in KV^ (Lev. i. i.) n small in DNinnn, (Gen. 
 .ii. 4.) T small in Ub^. (Num. xxv. 12.) small in OnintOI, 
 (Num. xxxi. 24.) ' small in 'SiTl. (Deut. xxxii. 18.) small 
 in nnD:i7% (Gen. xxiii. 2.) O small in D'"IOO, (Deut. xxxi. 27.) 
 also in rni510, (Lev. vi. 2.) as noted in the greater Masorah; 
 p small in DiTOpi, (Exod. xxxii. 25-) and in TlVp, (Gen. xxvii. 
 47.) 1 small in D^^yxi. (Exod. xxiii. 19.) 
 
 The Pointed Words. 
 
 The Masoretic copies note ten words in the Law having 
 points over them : I'^'ni (Gen. xvi. 5.) V*?}*. (xviii. 9.) HQlpn. 
 (Xix. 33.) yp^"^' (xxxiii. 4.) DK- (xxxvii. 12.) T'^nKI. (Num. 
 iii. 39.) npm, (ix. 10.) "^K'K. (xxi. 30.) fntWI, (xxix. 15.) 
 IJ'JlSl uV. (Deut. xxix. 29.) Some copies have a point over 
 t£n»^, (Num. xxi. 31.) For a further account of the Litera 
 majusculce et minusculcB, &?c., consult Buxtorjii Tiberias, 
 cap. XIV. XV. and XVL ; or Leusden's Philolog. Heb. 
 Dissert. X. 
 
 Inverted Letters. 
 
 Two words have an inverted i Nun, according to some 
 copies; viz. VDCn. (Num. x. 35.) and iZD'JCKnOD. (xi. ].) 
 There are, moreover, two having an inverted and suspended 
 position, whereof one is written over the word Ht^D, (Num. 
 X, 35.) ; the two latter are observed in the Indian copy,
 
 38 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 but not the two former. There is however a reflex Caph 
 final, in the word "l"n, (Gen. iii. 24.) not observed in any 
 other but in the Indian copy. 
 
 The wood -print hereto subjoined exhibits the peculiar 
 forms of some of the Hebrew letters observed in the MS. ; 
 (1.) The n Heth with an arched cap, occurring in the writing 
 on red skins; and, in some, the same with an angular cap, 
 and sometimes the protracted He///. The brown skins uni- 
 formly retain the common H. (2.) The '? in two words has 
 
 an indented or hooked top, in the manner shewed in the 
 wood-print, in DU'lVl. (Gen. iii. 21.) and hyiV) (ix. 21.) : no 
 other copies are seen to obserN'e this peculiarity. (3.) The 
 is very frequently written with its tongue spiral and open, as 
 represented in the above v^'ood-print, and is noted by a 
 transcript of the line where it occurs in the following Lec- 
 tiones. The final ^ is also found open, and is marked in the 
 margin of the Collation. The cabalistic Jews say, that the 
 D so written denotes prai/cr. 
 
 The only utility of this part of the critical doctrine of 
 the Masorah appears to be this ; namely, that such are the 
 characteristics more or less extant in all regular copies of the 
 Hebrew Pentateuch in the use of the Jews of Europe, Asia,
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 39 
 
 and Africa ; confirming the uniform derivation and succession 
 of the MSS. from one common original. 
 
 The preceding remarks comprehend the elements of 
 criticism respecting the writing and text of the Hebrew 
 Pentateuch observed by the Jews from time and custom 
 immemorial : they are here inserted to qualify the Hebrew 
 Student for the examination and collation of MS. copies 
 in general ; and by their application to the text of the MS. 
 under present consideration, he will be the better prepared 
 to examine wherein that copy agrees with, or partially differs 
 from others; so that I trust their insertion will be in this 
 respect excusable. 
 
 At the end of the Lectio?ies Cod. Malabarici, is subjoined 
 a Compendium of all the various readings and words of note, 
 together with the Keri, and the readings of the same, ac- 
 cording to the text of Vander Hooght, and Athias's edition, 
 with their references. This view of the Collation may serve 
 as a specimen for collating other copies of the Pentateuch in 
 a summary form, no less useful than the Lectiones. 
 
 The Collation was made at the desire and charge of the 
 Donor of the MS., the Rev. Dr. C. Buchanan, and at the 
 recommendation of the Rev. Dr. Marsh, Margaret Professor 
 of Divinity, and other learned gentlemen of the University. 
 A question indeed arose with respect to the publication, 
 whether it was necessary, considering the general agreement of 
 the text with the copies already extant ; but it was concluded
 
 40 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 to be the more important tor this rcnj reason. The testimony 
 of a copy, brought from Jews so remotely distant, and from 
 such of them as apparently had no commerce with those 
 in the West, being of peculiar importance. 
 
 Br. Marsh, having examined the MS. (and my Collation, 
 at first intended to be laid up with the Roll,) was pleased 
 to give his opinion in a note, which, for its interesting 
 contents, and immediate concern in forming a judgment of 
 the value and use of the MS., is here by his permission 
 inserted. 
 
 Copy of a NoteJ'rom the Rev. Dr. Marsh, Margaret Professor. 
 
 " A MANiTSCRiPT Roll of the Hebrew Pentateuch, apparently 
 of some antiquity, and found among the Black Jews in the interior 
 of India, must be regarded at least a* a literary curiosity, deserving 
 the attention of the learned in general. And as this Manuscript 
 appears, on comparison, to have no important deviation from our 
 common printed Hebrew text, it is of still greater value to a 
 theologian, as it affords an additional argument for the integrity 
 of the Pentateuch. The Hebrew manuscripts of the Pentateuch, 
 presei-ved in the West of Europe, though equally derived, with 
 the Hebrew manuscripts preserved in India, from the autograph of 
 Moses, must have descended from it through verj' different channels ; 
 and therefore the close "agreement of the former with the latter is 
 a proof, that they have presen'ed the original text in great purity, 
 since the circumstances, under which the MS. was found, forbid 
 the explanation of that agreement on tlie principle of any immediate 
 connexion. It is true that, as this Manuscript (or rather the three
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 41 
 
 fragments of which this Manuscript is composed) was probably 
 written much later than the time when the Masoretic text was 
 established by the learned Jews of Tiberias, it may have been 
 wholly derived from that Masoretic text : and in this case it would 
 afford only an argument, that the Masoretic text had preserved its 
 integrity, and would not affect the question, whether the Masoretic 
 text itself were an accurate representative of the Mosaic autograpfi. 
 
 " But, on the other hand, as the very peculiar circumstances, 
 under which the Manuscript was found, render it at least possible, 
 that the influence of the Masora, which was extended to the African 
 and European Hebrew manuscripts by the settlement of the most 
 distinguished Oriental Jews in Africa and Spain, never reached the 
 mountainous district in the South of India, as it is possible, 
 that the text of the manuscript in question was derived from manu- 
 scripts anterior to the establishment of the Masora, manuscripts 
 even, which might have regulated the learned Jews of Tiberias in 
 the formation of their oivn text, the Manuscript appears for these 
 reasons to merit particular attention. A description and collation of 
 it therefore must certainly interest every biblical scholar. 
 
 " HERBERT MARSH." 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 Dec. 10, 1810." 
 
 To conclude my remarks; I know of no one more 
 necessary to be noticed than this; that however extensive 
 the collations of the Hebrew text have been by the exertions 
 of Dr. Kennicott and De Rossi, they have never yet had the 
 
 M
 
 42 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 advantage of being collected in one entire Ifork : a com- 
 pilation much /van fed, as Professor Marsh justly observes in 
 his Lectures on the Criticism of the Hebrew Text of the Old 
 Testa/ncut. 
 
 My grateful thanks are due to the Syndics of the Uni- 
 versity Press, for printing the Collation, as well for my 
 benefit, as for the cause of Biblical Literature- 
 
 T. YEATES. 
 
 Cambridjc, 
 
 April 10, 18U.
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICL
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 
 Skin I. 
 
 Ch.I. 1. 
 
 nKi ni'ttt^'n nN Q'nSs' Nin ^'l^•N^"^ 
 
 COLUMN I. 
 
 5. 
 
 nri,vf DV 
 
 " 2, Lar^'c. 
 
 8. 
 
 'Jti' DV 
 
 
 13. 
 
 ♦tr'Stf 
 
 
 19. 
 
 ♦i?*n-i Dv -ii5n 'n'l 
 
 
 23. 
 
 '^ori DV npn 
 
 
 27. 
 
 D'nbx oV^a laV:;:! D-iNnriKD'n'^K Nin'i 
 
 COLUMN IL 
 
 31. 
 
 'jyrn DV 
 
 
 II. I. 
 
 D'nbs* by} Dxni' b^i \'">Km D^^u'n -by^ 
 
 
 2. 
 
 naD'n n?yy nt^K inD^Va t^i^^t^ :=Tn 
 
 
 3. 
 
 niuy'? 
 
 
 4. 
 
 DTi Dsnnnn -p.vm D»*:::^n nil'?!;-! n'?K 
 
 " n Small. 
 
 11. 
 
 Kin i"i::*^3 nriKn Dir d'u n-i nniNb n'm 
 
 ° Q Open. 
 
 21. 
 
 ;:i'"i Dixn by n*-:nnn r-^rha mn* bun 
 
 COLUMN III. 
 
 HI. 1. 
 
 S3>:ibDNn N*? ynbii i(t:K '3siKn:i'»sn'7N 
 
 " Pj Open. 
 
 7. 
 
 czn'jtr ':t njnpbm ^3S"i nrj? nty\sS 
 
 ° Q Open. 
 
 15. 
 
 nij'Nn rm ".rn n'l^'K na'Ni T'n >2' 
 
 
 nrxi t^'^n ^3^^' Nin nj?"^* rm inr pm 
 
 1(3. ntt'Nn'7K apyi:Dit:*n 
 
 a
 
 3 
 
 LECTIONES 
 GENESIS, Skin I. Col. III. 
 
 continued. 
 Ch. III. 17. DlK'^tl -^2 
 
 !!>• TSN nyrn mB'n nK'v nN nS^Ni i"? ° sopon. 
 21. DC':i'7'TTiy o':) Hooked. 
 
 24. DiKm D^rin \t "i"n » •] Rcncx. 
 
 ' 3. S'Q Dvn 'iiN ntynj \r\ am^ 'yy "^nj mrr J v! nIl"..'l!^"n,S 
 
 V. 1. nr mn' DtJ'n vV^p"? 
 
 rz'nSs* ivnn czvn zztn nih^n tsD ^ d Large. 
 
 Skin II. 
 
 • 2. &::it»pN Nip"i Dr.N 'py^ Dxin n:p:i -idt coi.r.MN v. 
 
 5- 'i^' ^D rni mm zz'j^ n^^vi nju* nsn 
 
 7. ri:' '^"1 ly^:ii na lhY^ n:::' pnqi a'jt:' 
 
 8. nt!' '3' bo vrri ni:m D'n "ibn n:t:' n\vr> 
 
 9. tnjN'nn P!D"1 Line I'.'. 
 
 10. ::n:N 'm pp riN i-vi niK' rzTt'n
 
 CODICIS MALABAKICI. 
 
 GENESIS, Skin II. Col V. 
 
 3 
 
 ch.v. II. vn'1 m^m ^'n n'rvi ma' mso n:ot:'i 
 njty niN3 viirn cz'jty trcn k^un 'd' "^d 
 
 13. n"t:m :=!'jn n"?!'! nJK> mso TMi^m n:tr 
 H- nwo jT'm :=:':::♦ n:yj7 jrp 'a' "^d rn'i 
 
 15. 'nn nmn:cr Line -^2. 
 
 16. IT HK n'Sin nriK ^n'^'^ho 'nn "n* riK 
 nbvi ,-ijLr n\s3 nr_^tri n:^' r:':y':iy 
 
 17. li'^n H^'^S-ia '0' ^2 vm mm c:'n 
 
 IS. 'nn nan Line 28. 
 
 iVri njty nsoi n^ty :i:':i>t'i i^'ntv -n' 
 ID. iijn ns itSih nnx it t^'i lun n^ 
 20. "73 vn'1 mjni :z:'n n"??! tmv nw-j nitst:' 
 
 •ii. t^'ori "ijri 'rci n»'i n:::' Line 33. 
 
 23. ^73 'H'T mm D'jn nVvi n:::' niNa trbty 
 niND K^'^iri njE' D'c^t:^ c*da lun 'a' 
 
 25. ♦ri'l D'n'^KIDN' LineS'J. 
 
 njii* nKoi njK^ z:':Qiyi yaty n'7L^'i-i:: 
 
 continued.
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 Ch. V. 20. 
 
 VI. I 
 
 13 
 
 VII. 3. 
 
 11 
 
 Skin II. Col. V. 
 
 continued. 
 
 I, me I 
 
 '.-•■ nbnnc 'O' Vd vm niim D'J3 nVvi r^j^ 
 
 28. D'nt' n-!:"? 'i^^i n'.:'i 
 
 !y. N-ip»i p iVvT nx' niS'):i nx' cjsc'i 
 
 mm zz'n n"?',*! nj::* nx:: a'ani n^ir' i-""-- ">■ 
 ii. yntt'T njt' D'j?nt:n ya:y its'? '^^ ^73 'm coli-mn vi 
 
 ori nx Dii' ns n: nbvi r^w nwt: ^r'^^ri p 
 noTNn 'iD S' n"*? Dixn Snn'D'n'ins'nNi 
 
 Dti'n 
 
 n!:x'i "pNn Vy id"!'^ tn 
 
 nnpii "nsT rwiti^ rvpiu D'^iJ'n ei^yt: dj 
 nn"! Dinn nrvt: Sd u^pu: nrn Dvn i^'inb 
 \'"iKn Sy D^i'jn 'ni ^rinbi D'.'srn i^^nKi 
 
 3 0|. 
 
 COLUMN Vll. 
 
 - Printed mryo 
 
 " 5 Open. 
 " 3 Oj.eii. 
 
 Skin III. 
 
 viii. 7. r.:i»n'ny mti'i nvs" kvi n-^yn ns* nb:y'i collmx wu.
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 Ch. IX. 8. 
 12. 
 17. 
 21. 
 28. 
 29. 
 
 X. 15. 
 IS. 
 21. 
 32. 
 XI. 9. 
 10. 
 II. 
 
 CODICIS MALAB.\RICI. 
 
 Skin III. Col. VIII. 
 
 continutd. 
 
 13. 
 
 14. 
 15. 
 
 IG. 
 17. 
 
 ;n: 'JK nt^K nnnn niK riK? cnVs* n::x'i column k. 
 rhr\ii "iinn Sjin'i -iDty'i ^^ P '"^^^'^ ^"^^ " ^^ """'^'-''J- 
 
 nrjKi 'nann dni n,^i'n pki '■^n^?^ dki column x. 
 Dtybi Dnnn 
 
 boon nriN' 
 pNn Vd 'JD Vj? mn» 
 DN "I'^vi r\w nKo p DK^ Djy mSm n\s* 
 '-in{< Dc^ 'i^'i SmtDH "ins D'nj:t* i^y^Qix 
 nSvi njiy n^x:: ij'sa nD'Di3-)N* tn itSih 
 
 nVty HN nSvT njty q'b'Vi:''! t^^r? 'n 
 n'-'ty HN n'^/in 'iriN iltddin ti'i 
 Q'jn tSti n:t:* msv-j ymxi :='JU' ti'VtJ^ 
 nj^y D'trV.f Tt n^tyi mm 
 
 D'Ji nbvi ^Jty-•!^?» j^msi D'Jt:' a^W iny 
 D'^Sn j7n"iN "i:iy '^n num 
 
 nx n'Sin nnx "laj? ti'i :ibD hn lbv^ n:c'
 
 6 
 
 LECTIONES 
 GENESIS, .S7./,M1I. Col.X. 
 
 cunliniicd. 
 
 ch. XI. 17. D'jn lb?) njLr^niNv:: vaiKi r^y^ D"chc' :Si3 
 
 18. 'An * mm 
 
 ~ ~~ Skin IV. 
 
 19. Vii^n in DN i"T'"-7in nr"iNf y-Q 'nn coli-mn xi. 
 :i:':n n^in njtr ;r:'nstoi c:::' 
 
 20. n'Z'bm D'nL!' m 'rin m:m 
 
 21. ii'Sn nnx un 'nn :rt:' tk "iSvi nj:y 
 D']:i lbv^ njtr D'n^{3l D'jsy V2(i^ jmiy n^c 
 
 c=*:n n*??! ,-t:t:' rz^nxa mnj na itSih 
 '.'■I-. Lnjw j?e>n mi^: 'nn mj2T 
 
 D'on ibvi n:L^' nx^i nj:^ nitry v:^^-l A-in 
 
 pn nw -nnj j-in zz-inx n^* nSvi n:^' 
 
 32. '3» vn'i :=:y ntj>'i prj nv i^nn n'J3 
 
 rnn nsn n:t:* :=:'nNai rz:':t^ ti*,!:)^ rnn 
 
 XII. 4. liiNvn n:l^• C'y:itri D'oty ti'ci^ p d'i::ki 
 xiii. 15. — :'7iv *7i' inr^i njiiN iS hnt
 
 CODICIS MALABAUICI. 
 
 GENESIS, , Sh-iii l\. continued. 
 
 ch. XIV. i. ty^ti'i naj?'7mD nx n:iy njir rr\m n^m column xm. 
 
 l■^• in^yi Nin nS^V on'Sy pbri'i p tv 'si"nn " ti ^\>"»- 
 
 XV. I. -inkV DpVn 
 
 5. na'^'iTn n: tD:in ntDN'i nifirin idk Ni'in column xiv. 
 
 n^Kn Diif* nbo'? b^in dn D':i3iDn nbm " d oik-.,. 
 I .'?• 'ijn HN* :=:n njB' rnxD y:l»iK criiV w^ 
 • xvL I. r)::\s' n:^^ 'Dn'n 
 
 . f" £3 Open. 
 
 5. -ISN'T I'm 'rn mn' Dsty» n':T3 7pKi s 
 
 (" 7J':31 PointctL 
 
 Skin V. 
 
 n. 'D 'N-i Sk nnx n'^^N imn mn* Dt:' K"ipm colu.ai n xv. 
 
 XVH. 1. p D"12S 'm D"i:3N'7 
 
 15. Sn D'hVk "ISN'T n£3n 
 
 20. irN 'r\T\1 r\T\ "I'ilVSty '?N3a'''?1 mnN " V written over. 
 
 2+. na^n ibonn n^a^ ytrm D^y^n p omriNi colu.mn xvl 
 
 2T. inN iVsj 
 
 xviiL 9. n'N v'tn iiONn "iVdn'i vvn nnn Dn'by ° v'^n Pointed. 
 
 22. n3Dn f^NH ISN'T cmnN tJ'jn mn' 'jq'? isv - q ^ix^"- 
 
 25. tDDtt's na^r N^ \*nNn ^2 ostrn " d opcn. 
 
 26. Dpny D'B''jA onon KjfSN DN mn' nsN'i column xvi{. 
 XIX. 3. iiD'i INS on nvb'i vbJ nimn '3 Nb noNn " a open.
 
 8 
 GENESIS, 
 
 fh. XIX. 13. 
 13. 
 
 17. 
 
 28. 
 
 33. 
 
 XX. 1. 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 VD*1 Dvn 
 
 .SAm\'. ( 
 
 'ul. 
 
 XVII 
 
 COTI^ii 
 
 nucil 
 
 
 ° 3 Open. 
 
 
 
 ° 3 Open. 
 
 
 
 COLUMN 
 
 XV 
 
 iir. 
 
 " £) Open. 
 
 
 
 " Q Open. 
 
 
 
 « t) Open. 
 
 
 
 " PI Open. 
 
 
 
 " nt:pm 
 
 Poin 
 
 itcd. 
 
 ' (U'i//i the Tiizin.) 
 
 Skin VI. 
 
 0. 'D 'nn' 'D2K Di oSi^n D'nSxn tSk * itDX"! column xlx. 
 XXL 1. mnn D^1n^^ nt^vS* 
 
 IV. D'2 nt:'^i nt^h np'i -ipnn Dnnns dd::"i column xx. 
 19. DN D'nbN ripD") li^a'ti'N "^nj '^:'7 'd in " oopon. 
 
 21. D'Ti'D 
 
 31.. D'nn 
 
 xxiL .s. DJ? no Ds"? nty viyj '7N* :=:ni3N* n'.2K»i column xxi. 
 
 * TSNI- Dm 10n2. 3"'' 2irn. •)eginnlng lines, are on a patch of parchment.
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICl. 
 
 Skin VI. Col. XXL 
 
 continued. 
 
 ch.xxu. 19. ynty 
 
 24. novo 
 
 XXIII. 2. ap^i nnSnSi nntr^ nso'? :=:nn3{< » 3 smaii. 
 
 e. iJ2iro nn« q^hSk N'trj 'HK i:3?ot£> column xxii. 
 
 XXIV. 1. fpronnaNi nri "p Large. 
 
 37. 
 
 64. 
 
 67. 
 
 XXV. 7. 
 
 10. vnx 'VtDJO o'Vaj mtry nny.-r •(^pl 
 12. ♦inj^ cry iDH ntw ;=:rn 'jq'? kj nipn 
 22. nnr czt: k^nh np'i rnn'-y'? D^Sojn iVd 
 ♦jn"? n::'K npn n"? ~i2}<S 'n}^ 'jyaty^ 
 
 15. -110' N,t2'm T?rj N5:>oi ,-ioi-n y^a>oi 
 18. Vsj v^I^c 
 
 Skin VII. 
 COLUMN XXIII. 
 ° Q Open. 
 " Printed pntyV 
 COLUMN XXIV. 
 COLUMN XXV. 
 
 " Printed *1"jn 
 " £3 Open. 
 
 (IVithoiit the Tugin.) 
 
 Skin VIII. 
 
 24. i<v*i nro:in dl^ih njm rrhh n^S' inS^d't column xxm. 
 
 29. -|12N»1 tj^y Nim m^'n p iJt^y NI'I Tt3 <> *1 Large. 
 
 XXVI. 18. nK>K D'on mN:i hk "lani pna* at:;n column xxvii. 
 
 c
 
 10 
 GENESIS, 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 
 3S. 
 
 
 46. 
 
 XXVUl. 
 
 10. 
 
 
 15. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 23. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 18. 
 
 21. 
 29. 
 
 xxxm. ^. 
 
 13. 
 
 Skin V III. Co/. XXVII. 
 
 coruinued. 
 
 XXVI. 34. »rvi nrn Dvn 
 
 XX vu. 1. pnvpTO'm npnnSi 
 
 l(^- 'JDb IDin* Iti'i^ -iaj?a '^DKI -|OkS nKam COLUMN XXVIII. 
 
 'Tin ♦-•43 pn'i*» Sk npm i^xm nn^ 
 m:no ntrx npr nfsS dn nn mn 'jba 
 
 Nan HK'nV 
 
 mrr tr' pN -ir)Nn iniJ^a npr vpn 
 vbN nntc Kn'i ira nxS riK np'i n-iyn 'nn 
 ♦nnj ntTK 'i3iy d'hSk inj nab noNm 
 
 42. c:'3oyn n^m :z:'ty' k*? iNvrt p)'t:j?nni 
 
 43. LDnnsn mnstin nni iNif iV 'n»i nxo 
 
 XXXI. 2. i^y ijyN^ nim pS ':s nN npy' Nnn 
 
 31. »n-|QS 'D 'nt<T '3 pbb "13N"I npr "(iT) 
 
 xxxu. 2. d'hVk 'dnVo u ivjfli DmV iSn npn 
 3. D':ri:2 Ninn D^pon Dt^ 
 
 ViS nnD3N •^c^* 'd unn^ npy* T^y 
 CN *D lati' "ny "i,^K' npr* n*-* n,:2Nn 
 
 ]H'in '^D in2i iriN ^y apo-n ''7^ m'^y 
 
 Skin IX. 
 COLUMN XXIX. 
 
 " p Small. 
 " 3 Open. 
 
 COLUMN XXX. 
 COLUMN XXXI. 
 
 COLUMN XXXU. 
 
 C° f) Large. 
 (.3 Open. 
 " fl Open. 
 
 Skin X. 
 COLUMN xxxin. 
 
 COLUMN XXXIV. 
 COLUMN XXXV. 
 
 » Open. 
 
 COLUMN XXXVI. 
 " inpCn Pointed. 
 ■■ 3 Open.
 
 11 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 GENESIS, SkinX. Co/. XXXVI. 
 
 coruimied. 
 
 xxxni. IS. ay] D'OD Dip^n dk^ xnp 
 
 xxxiv. I . rMih nn nyn n vm "^NntJ^ 
 
 Skin XI . 
 
 4- *^ np -)!2Nb vaN ")12A ^Nf QDty -\DNn COLUMN xxxvn. 
 31. limnx nx nsry' 
 
 XXXV. 1. Sk D'n nbj? Dip npv Vn D'nbK naKn column xxxvm. 
 
 8. mDi p"7K 
 
 22. Wia^' 
 
 2s. TOt:' Q'jsa'i r\:\tf niiT2 pw 'O' vnn column xxxix. 
 
 29. • vn 
 
 XXXVI. 15. noiK i^iVk p*n ^^ha ^^v m:D:i ts^'^N ° Primed jo^n 
 
 20. ♦n nbN D^^^? Nin 
 
 28. ♦5i'-?N hHn pNi \^v itrn 'Jn hSn column xl. 
 
 30. I'va^ 
 
 43. DTIN 'iN 
 
 xxxvn. 8. "-7^1 vnoSr^ Sy ini^ xjty my i3Dvi m " 3 open. 
 
 12. cDK^^ Dn^3K iKV°nN mnV vn^? id'?'! ° nx Pointed. 
 
 Skin XIL 
 
 1 *. nw "l'^^e mStJ^ n^ nKn X3 iV ib idn^ column xli. 
 36. D'nnDn "it:^ nnD 
 
 xxxvm. 1. m vtMi n^to min* nn^i "a^rtn nvn ♦nn ° Printed ii^r\r\ 
 
 6. n»n naK^i ni3i '■wh nwa n^rr npn column xld. 
 
 xxxix. I. tiDin '^'^T
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 12 
 
 GENESIS, Skin Xll. continued. 
 
 XXXIX. 2. >nT n'bi'2 c^'^^ 'n'l ^lov nx mn' 'm column xlui. 
 
 22. nnon ri'aa "ta>N c=:TD^?^ ^d riK t)D",' ° Printed omoNn 
 
 23. n'bi'3 nin' 
 
 
 
 Skin XIII. 
 
 XL. 4. 
 
 mtj^'i anN *)DV hk =:»ri3Dn nty ipsn 
 
 COLUMN XLI\'. 
 
 23. 
 
 inrjDcyi 
 
 
 XLL 5. 
 
 7. 
 
 y:i*Li' njm nnt:i niN*nn nn^v njp2 mSy 
 
 " Printed ri3t31 
 COLUMN XLV. 
 
 U. 
 
 vn'7r:r ^iVrn ri'7jn inn p invnn t^DV 
 
 " Printed inVTI 
 
 33. 
 
 inn'CT'i :=33rii pnj tt»»N ny-is nt iin)n 
 
 COLUMN XLVL 
 
 45. 
 
 na iV fi"i"i ^-'VD nm fpv nztr nns 
 
 C" £) Open. 
 1° Printed p»1 
 
 45. 
 
 N5n nmb ]ii pD yns'Dib nn njoN 
 
 ° 3 Open. 
 
 50. 
 
 t)DV N-lpT VN' inD nO'DID Hi nJDK 
 
 " £3 Open. 
 
 
 ('H'/V// </)e Tagiii.) 
 
 Skin XIV. 
 
 XLn. 2. 
 
 cny^n n:ity t'» '2 'nvoir mn n^sn 
 
 COLUMN XLVn. 
 
 29. 
 
 TTjn ;VJD ^in^c rizn^nx 2pr ^v i^n'i 
 
 COLUMN XLVIII. 
 
 XLUL 3. 
 
 Ity' DiV cuDHN D^'nx 'nVn 'js ikid 
 
 ° 3 Open. 
 
 8. 
 
 aK ijt^'pnn 't:) iniyK 'djk ijso dj 
 
 " Printed IJ'tjU 
 
 It. 
 
 ti"Nn 'js'? c:',^m c:Db p' nci' ^ni 
 
 COLUMN XLK. 
 
 33. 
 
 in-ivvD -I'yym inn^ns iDnn vjsV nt^^n 
 
 ° Printed ll^^n 
 
 34. 
 
 i»'jn DNiyo n-im onVx r:D nN2 /inc'd 
 
 " Printed nii^SJ'D
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 Ch. XLIV. 3. 
 1 1. 
 
 16. 
 18. 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 13 
 
 Skin XIV. continued. 
 
 Dnn*:ni rszrr inVtr D'C'iN^m mx '^p:in column l. 
 :iy n^f n^,'2 cd'hikh pidvj imj n?D ° nai interlined. 
 
 tt'jiM 
 
 :=:3'nN 
 
 (Brozi:n Skins.) 
 
 Skin XV. 
 
 30. ijyN nwni OK liny '-?n 'K^d nnvi column ll 
 
 xLv. 3. iHN nJvV rnK i^d' nSi 'n ♦:2n -rwn " Pn-xed niivV 
 
 22. p^jnVi nSt:tJ> mabn ti«s^ jro aS^"? column lil 
 
 xLVL 5. ntTN mSjyn dh'S'J pni odd n^{^ Dn'n^^ " Primed cniyj 
 8. maty rhii^ n?2n'i':) 
 
 26. i:)-!* 'KV' njsni'a :iprS PNin tr3:n Sd column liil 
 
 28. VJdS nbtr TTATV DNI 
 
 xLML I G. uy:ji^2 Dsb ninf^T DD^jpo inn «^dv naxn 
 28. npy 'm °iND nn»i nsi'i nn irnNn 
 
 Skin XVI. 
 column li\^ 
 
 (" Sp; 
 I iu 
 
 Space of one letter 
 MS. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 xLviu. 1. fpvh nDKn n^Nn :i:nn'Tn nna 'n'l 
 
 6. v,T i? :::mnN mbin ntrf* *im':'ioi column lv. 
 
 20. in noK*? ^o^^ Dvn crDinn D'i:n n'^q ° Pnnted maK"? 
 
 22. 'ntypm 'nnnn nosn y2 'nnpS ntrx 
 
 Space-line.
 
 14 
 GENESIS, 
 
 Ch.XLlX. t. 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 Skin XVI. Col. LV. 
 continued. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 Dion DrrnnD^ oon 'Sd D'hn 'i'^i pye^y 
 8- 7D'K f]'\vn "iT THN inv nn^ rrnrr colu.mn lvl 
 
 10- ppnai nm,— I'O Diet' IID' N^ UOp' 'D "Beginning the Columu. 
 
 npp» iSi n^'iy Nn' 'D iy rSjn p!3 
 
 11. 'jn rtp-i:r^i htv ^sj^ hdn cz'ay 
 
 nniD D'3:y aini itrn"? r^ d:id i^ns* 
 
 1 3. ^ny\'^ mti f\^rh Nim p{i>' D'3' fimS iVinr 
 
 Nni D'nsB'on jo v^n d"ij nan -id^i*::" 
 
 'tDniy into lov in' n 
 
 nirT 'n^^p injnty''? 
 npv ir Nim inu' Tinj ij 
 Nim lanb n:^uf ik'nd 
 
 -ifity noN }run nnSty nS'K 
 
 'byn-iflptiDvrnsp 
 
 urn innian "ii:y ^^y myv nijn ;»y 
 i24. ^nz'^ iriKn nrni :^'yn 'bw inaot'n 
 ■26. vnN "!'?: npnp'm ppv tJ'NnS ["nn 
 
 14. 
 15- 
 16. 
 18. 
 19. 
 20. 
 21. 
 
 22. 
 23. 
 
 -!7- nnj7^i ny ^dn' ipan fino* ^n? r^'^^ 
 
 ° Pcinte<l in'ND 
 Space-line.
 
 15 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 GENESIS, SMnXVl. continued. 
 
 ch. L. 4. nnD n*n ba fpv nni'i in'on 'O' nij?n column lvii. 
 
 ']y) "I'nN 'n'"-7N niy VB^D'T' N?J ^'tr ° £3 open. 
 
 26. onyon p-iKa atrn iDK lojn'i a^jB' 
 
 (Space of Jour fines, ending the Column.) 
 
 EXODUS,* 
 
 cii. I. 1. nanyo n^Kan S^f•^ty♦ *n nioti' n'7Ni column lviil 
 
 Space-line, 
 
 8. vy kS it^K an5f-^ Sy ^in iSo Dpn 
 22. jvnn nin Vdi in3'*7trn ^-l^f'^f TiVn pn 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 n. 1. -inni nS nn riK n;?'! »iV n^na ty'K -jbn 
 
 Skin XVII. 
 
 9. ntn n'?rt dn 'D^Vn nno nn n"? "lOKm column lix. 
 
 22. nn^j yiKn 'n'M *ij -iok o oB'njioK^ 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 23. on^fo "iVo non Dnn D'mn d^o'n 'm 
 25. D'n'?** jni V^nc^ 'n nK 
 
 in. 1 . nn^ inv nK njn rrn ntroi 
 
 8. 10 inbyn'?") sni'o i^o T^'vnS i-iki column lx. 
 
 * ^odus begins on the last of the Skins of Genesis.
 
 9. 
 17. 
 
 ^ LECTIONES 
 
 EXODUS '^^''" ^'^'^J- continued. 
 
 ch. IV. 6. ^p'na IT N3 Nnn my iS mn* nDNM column lxi. 
 
 p npn im« CD^on vm ntrn'n nDStri " o t)pen. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 IS. i*? noN'1 i:nn nn^ Hn n:yT ntrs iS'i 
 
 26. nVioS D'an inn nnrjN tn i:03 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 27. ntyo riNipS 1^ pnx ^n mrv i.t:Kn 
 30. nin' nm ik^n onmn Sd nx pna "in"n column lxil 
 
 VL I. ly-ix:: DtynT nprn Tm 
 
 ■2. -iDNi n^D ba dtiSn intM column lxiii. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 10. ^vnD'7^*nmKnnax'7^co'7^fmm:l•^n 
 
 12. DTIDty 
 
 13. onvt: 'pK!2 b{<nK>"in 
 1 i. imN-i *jn onnK nn 't^'xi nbK 
 
 Skin XVIIl . 
 
 27. a^nrh onvt: iVo njnQ ha onm^n on column lxw. ' 
 
 29. nty?3 Ss* mn' nnTi 
 
 Sparc-line. 
 
 o i»3n'-7 pn.Nf Vki rttyD Sn mn' i.2N") 
 
 Space- 
 
 line.
 
 17 
 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 EXODUS, Skin XVIII. Col. LXIV. 
 
 continued. 
 
 ch.vn. j-t. n»Nn mn» nm "ij^k:) 
 
 21- Nbi nx^n tTKn'i nn^ nN'n "iir'N njini column lxv. 
 25. nN"n HN mn* riDn nn^ :=:'D' nnty 
 
 Space-liuc. 
 
 vni. 12. mrr "ir:5K'i mnnm 
 
 16. DDirn niyo Vk nin^ i::n"i column lxvl 
 
 28. Dvn nx nVa' tib'i nNrn dvdi dj inV na 
 
 Space-line. 
 Space-line. 
 
 ntinani czjii^n nna nnwK j'nB' 'm Last liae. 
 
 (Red SIciiis.) 
 
 Skin XIX. 
 
 11. .-itya »:9'7 noy^ n'aonnn ^by i<h} column lxvil 
 
 21. n"iK^a injpa 
 
 35. Vj<nty» 'n na nbtt^ ah) nns nV prnn column lxviii. 
 ruy» n^n mn* nm "it:'KD 
 
 X. I. 'jK '3 nvnb W Kn nt^'a b^v mn' nas'i ° d opou. 
 
 3. ;ko dk '3 'Jinn 'ay aSjj^ 'jm r\:vb " q open. 
 
 , 9. ij'jna "i'?^ iTJprni ijnyn ntro noxn ° Printed ujprm 
 
 12. lOKn , nyiD 
 
 19. nND prn o» nn mn» isnn mn* ^n " d open.
 
 18 
 
 LECTIONES 
 EXODUS, Sli,) XIX. contlnucit. 
 
 ch. X. '20. 'j:! riiV n'^c ^"71 rans nS r^N mn' prm column lxix. 
 
 23. man 'jb •ln^t'^ ova '3 'ib mxn tion "?« " d ^i^n. 
 
 XI. 3. -),t:Ni Dvn 'yvm 
 
 »• '^Di nriN nV n^Nb 'b vnnii'm '^TiX nSs* ■' v Large. 
 
 la mn' prnn nvia '^qS nSxn rz'nb^n Sd " d opci. 
 
 xn. I. nin* nt:iV'i lyiN!: 
 
 5. D'ct'^Dn p ddS n",T n:::' p i^r D'?::n iT^ column lxx. 
 
 J 1 . \-nxi 7VT\h Nin riDs prbn^ ^ns DnVDN'i " d open. 
 20. nViO 
 
 CCronn Skins.) 
 
 Skin XX. 
 
 27. S* HDD ■!t:'N nin'^ iSin HDD nnr D.-n':Ni colcmn lxxi. 
 
 29. 'vna 'nn iJi'v p pnNi 
 
 30. Dnva ^31 ri3V Sdi Nin nV? r^y~\D " d opcn. 
 36. onvD DK i'7v:n c:"i'?Ntrn :i:nv.!: 'ryu 
 
 40. atriDT :DnS ic'v n"? mv =::ii riDnornS 
 
 •u. n:'^ zz'C'bz' vp'j 'HI n:tf n\s*:: vniNi 
 
 iNV* nrn Dvn Dvvn '.ti n:t:' niNt} vnixi 
 4'j. cnctr S'V rznvo \nN3 mn' niNDV '?d 
 
 rh'bn Nin Dnv2 yiN"^ DN'ain'? mrv'7 Nin 
 
 Space-lint' .
 
 19 
 
 CODICIS i\IALABARICI. 
 
 EXODUS, Skin XX. Col. LXXl. 
 
 coMinued. 
 
 ch. xu. 42. nrrrh Sxnti" 'n ^:h onoiy mn^b nrn 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 51. mrr N'vin nrn Dvn d vn 'n^i 
 
 space-line, 
 
 xm. 3. -itTK nrn Dvn nN n^r Dj?n Sn nt^D ncxn column lxxii. 
 
 10. HD'a' a'0'0 mn'jV nsnn npnn nK 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 11. nt»K3 ♦:wDn v"ik Sk nin' i^n* 'D n'm " Pnnted -]Kni 
 
 15. ijn'^jy'? nnD n^^pn 'd 'h'i onnv n'nr:i " DOpen. 
 
 1 6. Dnvoa mn' ijx'inn t prnn 
 
 17. Dvn HiV nvi3 nV^j'n 'n'l 
 
 22. tz:j'n ':3b nH^b jr^f^n mcj?! ti:,!2V ]jj?n 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 XIV. 5. :iaV isn'i oyn nna '3 on^D i^rj"? n;i"i column lxxiii, 
 
 10. iNir'i nnpn nyn?i i3V '7j?3 'jsV nn^nn " D ope.i. 
 H. ^la'nnn Dnxi dd"? on"?' mn' dH' nv my 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 19- cn'jsa pyn moy vd'i nnnnxo iVi " a open. 
 
 23. ibnTi DbNDtyoi or^ru) nam onb D'om " q open. 
 25. Dnvaaonb on'?: mn^ '^ Sk"id'' ':d!2 nous* 
 
 Space-line.
 
 LECTIONES 
 EXODUS. Skin XXI. 
 
 idSh bn'^u' 'm nnx ny onn in::«j nS D^n onnns' D'S'^n column lxxiv. 
 nay nt:'aa"i n^n'^ iroxn mn' tn cyn ixn'n cznvoa Line .-;. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 n2K^ mrrb nxrn ni'trn riK Vnilt' 'jm n:ro Tti" r{^ 
 
 nnntDi D':3 n"^' I'^'n', nns nnDnia lair ° 3 open. 
 
 -]y2» .non mw mn' it.::' ps* 
 
 Dinn "i:iN: aim :i'in' V^-in mrv 
 
 nnm t^'pa loVss' inn nbtrn TDp> 
 
 -lOK C' nbn nann vs'bp D'brj " s open. 
 
 nbtyj 'T ijstymn onn pn^ '::'s: " a open. 
 
 D'*jn niQiVD f/bv D» i::dd imnn 
 
 iQ n^n» D^Kn nDt23 's onnK 
 
 nJ5»y nSnn k-iu ti'T^ ■^"'^'^ "3:33 
 
 m^bNirnnVni hSkj ir ny iiDnn 
 
 H'n )inn' S'sy lyotr "i^np
 
 21 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 EXODUS, Skin XXI. Col. LXXIV. 
 
 continued. 
 
 nnD'N Drrby "^bn fVJ3 nty* Vd " s open, 
 
 ny pN3 IDT nynr Snja inBi ° s open. 
 
 It t::y -inr ly mn* "itts? n:ir 
 
 ♦D "in dS^S nSs' nin* tt 
 
 Dnbi? mn' atrn d v::n3m ud"i:i nns did ki 
 DM linn ntyna d'^h Vk'hj'' ♦m d'h '» ni< 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 d^s^jhSd \H)im n"ra^l0^n^*p^^fn1^K^K♦nJ^Dn^^pm 
 ^^eJ nxj 'd mrrb n:ty Dn;^ on'? ivm n'pnDai o'Dnn ^n^^f 
 •jN^jy nN ntt'o vdi D':i no"i UDni did 
 
 ch. XVI. 2. pnK "^jn njyo Sy bKnsy' 'n my S3 li'Vn column lxxv. 
 4. mrr "lOKn :mn nrn 
 
 10. ]jn riNni mrr "n:iD n^m nman Vt? 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 J 1 . niiSn nN waty -isnS ns^a Vn nn* 12^1 
 
 1?. nt^a isK'i iDpS iVdn 'dS jy»K TDnn " a open. 
 
 21. tratyn dh^i iSdk 'Dd t^'K ni?:}^ npnn inK " 5 open. 
 
 26. nnty Tai^'n c:vai inopSn orts* ntyt:^ column lxxvl 
 
 28. rtirr -laNi ikv^: kSi 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 Space-line. 
 /
 
 22 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 EXODUS, Skif, XXI. Cut. LXXVI. 
 
 lOiUinued. 
 
 13. :i-in 'a"? 
 
 Skin XXII. 
 
 !+• "1201 rii3f ris^t :ir>^ n::'ri Sk mn» i,::n"i column lxxvii. 
 m mo pS,!:n mrrb ncn'70 n* 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 XVIII. I. --3 ;-)K ne't: pn pto pi nn' y!:K''i 
 
 22. Sun "inn bi rrm nv ^22 Dvr\ na lom column lxxviil 
 
 Spacc-liiie. 
 
 XIX. I. "pNo hir\^' »J3 nNib 'iT'Sti'n tyini 
 
 20. Knpn "inn tyxn Sn td "in "^y mn' inn column lxxix. 
 25. nrba noN'i oyn Vk ntra nn»i 
 
 XX. 1 . Dnnn Si hk urha nm 
 
 2- 'i:k n,!:Nb rhm 
 
 "'■ nS 'nvi':: nrti*"?! 
 
 nS '1 KiK'b Tnbx mn' ziir nN Nii'n 
 
 Nic'b i2iy nx n::" ncN ns' mm npy 
 
 !'• "inE-'np'i niiyn dv ns* mm 
 
 »2. ]■$&> lOK nw Tl^? nK nii 
 
 13- K*? -]b ;n: 
 
 Space-line.
 
 CODICIS MALABAIUCI. 
 
 23 
 
 EXODUS, 
 
 
 ^Am XXII. Co/. LXXl 
 
 Ch. XX. 13. 
 
 ab 
 
 ny-in 
 
 co;i/«iuerf. 
 
 
 
 :3j:n 
 
 
 14. 
 
 
 npjy ny -jyin n:yn 
 
 
 19. 
 
 nam 'n^m mow nayi "ivn nti*N nann 
 
 COLUMN LXXX. 
 
 XXI. 1. 
 
 ♦D czh'jd'? Q'ji^n nt^K Q'Dfltj'an nbKi 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 7. 
 
 nN ty'K "IDO* »31 
 
 
 
 12. 
 
 ty'K HDO 
 
 tp2 xa Djn 
 
 
 ll. 
 
 inn bx? {:'"K -?r' 'di 
 
 
 
 15.. 
 
 ma 12K1 VnN HD^I 
 
 
 
 16. 
 
 •\i3iy\ B^'x aj:"i 
 
 nav 
 nav mo i^a Ki;aji 
 
 
 17. 
 
 nav mo 10X1 V2K '7^1521 
 
 
 18. 
 
 nsni D'tyjN ]yy oi 
 
 
 
 20. 
 
 IK nny ni< tt"iS hd' 
 
 oi 
 
 
 22. 
 
 id::i D'a^JN iy:' '3i 
 
 
 
 25. 
 
 
 n'linn nnn mnn 
 
 Last line. 
 
 N. B. l^ke rest of the Slans of Exodus are 
 zcantiiig; also the Book of Leviticus, 
 and first Eight Chapters of the Book 
 of Numbers.
 
 'i4 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 (Red Skins.) 
 
 NUMBERS, Skin XXIII. 
 
 ch. K. 22. ^y pj?n nn^nn ='»♦ in tytn if* D'3' in column lxxxi. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 X. I. 'nc^ lb nt^T nax'? ntro bx mn' nmn 
 
 10. Sy nni'yna snypni czD'cinn 'i^t^iai ° Primed ddkhh 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 11. c:n:j'n 'Jtfn trnnn mtrn nr^n 'm 
 
 30. Vni 'JDt^ Sk ok 'D iVk nS vVk naxn column lxxxu. 
 
 35. 'il'l "C n:nttn " : inverted, 
 
 ivD'i mrr n^ip ns'^ "i^ki psn von 
 
 °C ° J Inverted, 
 
 XI. 1 5. ^nnn nK"iK ^ki iwn tn ♦n}*!;^ D{* jin 
 
 Space-liae. 
 
 19. ntyon nSi dw nVi p^oxn thk qv k*? column lxxxhi. 
 
 Space-line. 
 Space-line, 
 
 XII. 1. nnK '^j? ni^'Dn [inNi cznt: -imm 
 4. -i!:Kn noTNn 'jo
 
 25 
 CODICIS MALABARICr. 
 
 NUMBERS, Skin XXIV. 
 
 ch.xii. 8. m»rin n'^i nK"ioi ia imN na ^a na column lxxxiv. 
 13. n'-f m KB") KJ ^N "(OK*? mrr Sn hb'd 
 
 Space-line. 
 Space-line. 
 
 xni. 26. '->3 Sni pnx "7^1 r\^:2 ^n ikdi d'-71 column lxxxv. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 XIV. u. Djm ♦J5i^^y n:K ny nt^'o Vk mrv ntJNi 
 
 17. -iokV nnm nsTND ♦J'TN rjD w '7"!j'* nnvi column lxxxvi. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 26. Tj; -lONb pHK Hni ntyo bN mn* nmn 
 
 Skin XXV. 
 
 45. DiD'1 Ninn "inn aa>'n »jyjDm 'pVavn nnn column lxxxvil 
 XV. 16. Q3nK n:in "i:iSi qdS n'n* nriK Dsty»i 
 
 Space-line, 
 
 21. OD'nmb nonn mrrS 
 
 22. ^3 HN itwn kVi ijtyn 'yi 
 
 27. {!>iD: DNi nnjya Qyn 
 
 * Whether the Jod is written large or not is doubtful. 
 g
 
 2t) 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 NUMBERS, Skin XXVI. 
 
 ch. XV. 29. niin D:)inn "i:in '^):h^ ha^iy^ ♦nn mrKn column :Lxxxvm, 
 31- nn n:v Ninn K'sjn 
 
 1n^* du-i K^'KH nav ma ntra W mrr ° Primed nn 
 
 36. nt^D 
 
 *'■ cz33'nb{< mrr 
 
 XVI. 4. rjD hj? '-?D'i nt:>a j?ot:*n mn* 'npp " q open, 
 
 5. riKf ivSk nnpi u inn' n^K hki vSk ° Primed nnjy 
 
 13. t:'a*n nVn nnr v'^nd in»byn ^d oj^ttn column lxxxk. 
 
 20. -liTi rnyn 
 
 23. nn-n F):»T5n 
 
 x\Ti. 1. -)n*ri mi2pr[ 
 
 3. itwn Dntt'sn n^Kn lyn'cnn ninno n^t column xc. 
 
 15- nnwi 
 
 26. ntry p ihn 
 
 27. lirij p '^'2iib ntye Vk "^Nne" 'jn Tn!:Nn column xcl 
 xvm. 1. ^a nin* i^n'i n;i'7 ijsn 
 
 7- DDv :i"ipn 
 
 20. Snik^
 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 27 
 
 NUMBERS, 
 
 xvm. 21. -ityyo h:i 'rn: mn "h ♦n'71 
 
 32. 
 
 iniDD nSi iSSnn nV Sn"ik>' 'n 
 
 XIX. 5. ^j? nan nxi n'nts'n nNi n-iy na vi^b 
 13. nSi nia* "it^t? aiKH trsn nan yj:n Sd 
 22. niyn nj7 Nson nyjjn ty£3:m ndd* 
 
 XX. 6. ^rvha nin' nuD Nnn arrjs bv ibsn 
 
 11. D"i'vai mvn ntym D'nn 
 
 12. |j?» pHK bii^ nira '7N mn* nr)X'i 
 
 1 3. on tr'ipn mn» nn S^nty 'n 
 
 XXI. 1. y»tj>i 'rN-iB^'no 
 
 Skin XXIII. 
 COLUMN XCII. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 » Printed ViVV 
 
 COLUMN xcm. 
 
 Space-line. 
 Space-line. 
 
 COLUMN xciy. 
 
 Space-line. 
 Space-line. 
 
 Skin XXVIII. 
 
 9- Djn Sy inajyn nsyni e^nj nty» tr'n column xcv. 
 H. noiDi am ns* mn* nanbo n5pn-i,t:N' p ° a open. 
 .16. D'O Dn"? n^Di^y uvn na ^oa
 
 28 
 NUMBERS, 
 
 Ch. XXI. 17. 
 20. 
 
 XXII. 1. 
 3. 
 5. 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 Skin XXVIII. Col. XCV. 
 
 eoruinued. 
 
 
 inn' pn'S iiijro 
 
 23. n'n HQiVe^ in^m -imn nyj mn» inVd 
 26. n'Tjn mny n^n'> -jNb:: siDvi nn^n'? 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 COLUMN XCVI. 
 " Printed Tiyj 
 " £J Open. 
 
 " Printed TlOjn 
 
 
 
 Skin XXIX. 
 
 27. 
 
 nnn ynnm n^n* ikS^ nx ;inNn Nini 
 
 COLUMN XCVU. 
 
 XXIII. 3. 
 
 "i.t:K'i cyVn '-'N cr^n^K "ipn vcr "iVi 
 
 " Q Open. 
 
 12. 
 
 iriK 'fln mrr D'tJ« iti^s na Kbn nax'i jn 
 
 COLUMN xcvni. 
 
 XXI\\ 8. 
 
 noy^HD Dnyt::: ik'Vt*: ^s? im^V^ 
 
 " Q Open. 
 
 13. 
 
 Sdw nV nnn siDD \n*n iib'2 ph2 'h p' qh 
 
 COLUMN XCIX. 
 
 25. 
 
 iD-nS ■i'?n pVn dji r2i5-jS iiLr^n iVi Dvbn 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 XXV. 0. 
 
 t]"??* DnK^jn nynns nsjoi D'nDn 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 15. 
 
 Kin na:i 
 
 
 (Bronn Skijis.) 
 
 Skin XXX. 
 
 1 6. D'jn»n na mn^f -ionV r\UD Sk mn' nnnn column c. 
 xxvL I. nfl.ionnnK'nn
 
 29^ 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 NUMBERS, Skin XXX. Col. C. 
 
 continued, 
 
 XXVI. 1 1 . mo ab n-ip ♦m DiS vrri 
 
 15. risv"? Dnn£3tyob im 
 
 18. niKa jyoni f\bH D'V2^ii 
 
 23. 'jn niKtt 
 
 26. 'n mt*a 
 
 27. niKD trcm plb^? o'trty 
 
 28. Dnsf^i ntyjo Dnnajya"? ^iDv 'n 
 
 29. I'xvi'DDnnnDtyan'DaSniyjo'n column ci. 
 
 34. mNs y:iKn ^iSk D'a^om 
 
 35. nbmtyV Dnnotyob dhsn 'ji rha 
 
 42. nnstyo DniB'^ QmQt:;Db p ua n'?}^ 
 48. 'jn mKD 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 52. \n^?^pb^nn'7NV"lDKS^K'^bN mnnnm 
 
 57. »-np5 nVsi 
 
 59. mV "ym ^ib n:i inDV CD-i^y nii^a nti^) column cu. 
 65. jii p yjyinn nJS' 
 
 xxviL 1. p nnaSi' mn nmpni 
 
 5. mn' 'ja"? pfjK^o dn na/^ a^p'i ° i Large. . 
 
 Space-line.
 
 30 
 NUMBERS, 
 
 LECTIONES 
 
 1 2. zznavn nn ^nj nW n^i's ba mrp n'^xn 
 
 5/1/m XXX. Co/. CII. 
 
 continued. 
 Space-line. 
 
 Verses 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, ■wanting; also 
 Chapters XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. to 
 
 ter. 9. 
 
 (Red Skins.) 
 
 Skin XXXI. 
 
 XXX. 9. DK "ism nniN «♦:♦ ntr^N yotr Qva czki column cm. 
 17. n'^K na nnwn inn"? ax p 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 XXXI. 13. -iry^Ki ntro ii<i'n 
 
 19. r\n hD D*0' nnty nTio"? v^ns ijn ddni column civ. 
 
 21. Sn pDn nrvSN 13N1 
 
 25. n::'3 ha mn^ "i3Kn 
 
 49. {^Ni r-iN Miti/i yi^v n£:*D '-7N n!3^tn column cv. 
 
 54. mrr ':sh ha'^iir 'nS jnar tvid 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 16. ityjn nrn orn "^d"? 
 
 19. nnnr'D
 
 31 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 (BroTi'n Skim.) 
 
 NUMBERS, Skin XXXII. 
 
 XXXII. 20. "^y^r] n^c ;i:r'yn c:n hk^s an'Sx -lONi column cvi. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 xxxui. 7. bynti'K n^nn 'fl by njy'1 tziriK!: u'D'i column cvii. 
 
 40. yajy'i inn ina intrn 
 
 50. nmn axia nnnyn 
 
 53. ♦DDJDDVDnaDnntj'npKnnKDntymm column cvdl 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 xxxiv. 1 . "jNnt:" ':n n{< iy i^dnV nsra b^ mn* nm'T 
 1 5. nmro nanp inn' pn^b nnj?o anbnj 
 
 space-line. 
 
 Skin XXXIII. 
 
 29. x-l^<ab^*'^ty"nnK'7m^mn♦nl5fn!:'Nn'7^{ column cix. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 xxxv. 9. 'n bj< nm nas**? ntr.^ SiV nin* "inTi 
 
 27. iDpbo "^y bnj'? Vina Din Vn: inx Ny,!Di column ex. 
 
 31 . niab VB'n iVin it^K n^fi \:^s:h idd inpn " d open. 
 
 32. -I'y bs' Dij"? ">°3D inpn nSi ntsv mo 'D ° s opon. 
 
 33. o n^ OiiN "it:'« V")Nn na ib'jnn k^i ° d opeu. 
 
 Space-line.
 
 32 
 
 LECTIONES 
 NUMBERS, 6A;h XXXIII. Col. CX. 
 
 continued. 
 
 13. inn* pT "-i? iNiQ nnnn ^nt^ »ja 
 
 (Space of four lines, ending the Column.) 
 
 DEUTERONOMY, 
 
 ch. 1. 1 . S^niy' b2 ba niy» nm itr^ onmn rha column cxi. 
 
 17. DSB'^n ='3b n'Dn k'? nj rm rnN pi 
 
 2(3. dd'hVn r\^7V 's ntc nsm nS'S onox n'^i 
 
 n. I. Don D'O' "i^'jy in dk noii 
 
 8. -I'vjyn D'ntyn it^v 'n U'nK hko -lam 
 
 123 pvy^T nS'KS nnijrn imta 
 
 9. iKia nnno inn navii f£33i 
 
 16. Dvn nnptt mob non'^an 'tyjN 'pd 
 
 1 7. nriK nr.2Nb ♦'7^* mn* nnTi 
 
 31. mrrnaNn nrnDVD"|Ta 
 
 ° Printed DOtlW 
 ° Q Open. 
 COLUMN CXIL 
 
 COLUMN CXIIL 
 
 Skin XXXIV. 
 
 3 V. h^na onnii ti^r^ri nn vny S^ n^f "idSji column cxiv. 
 HL 21. yyy nDN*? Kinn wi *n'Vi njyiiT n^i column cxv. 
 23. ddS DnV:n Nin ddmSn
 
 33 
 CODICIS MALABARICI. 
 
 DEUTERONOMY, Skin XXXIV. Col. CXV. 
 
 continued. 
 
 ch. ffl. 23. nsK^? Ninn nn mrr "jk pnriKi 
 
 • 27. n:D*mn:3Vintt'i*^*J'^'^^™03'^'^^"''^''^ » Primed niiBVl 
 29. mviD no b'iD Kun nt:'ii n^nn ncrx pxn 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 IV. 1 4. Dpn DDnK nob'? Kinn nn mn' ni^; 'nKi column cxvi. 
 
 Space-line. 
 
 36. ^nxn'^jnTD'Si'^pmiy'OtrnD'.'^i^'np column cxvil 
 
 Space-liue. 
 +1. p"*'^ ""^^^ ^*"*^ '^'"^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 49. mDsn mtt'N nnn nnnyn d» "tvi nmra 
 
 Space-line, 
 
 V. 4. tzj^jD a"n ij^D Dvn ns n^K i:mN 1Jn^J • a open. 
 
 tf Kn lino "ini axv mn* inn D^ibn ° d open. 
 6. <DJK noK^ nnn 
 
 8. -it^K njion Vd Sd5 iS ntr'vn n^ 'jd • 3 opeu. 
 u. mn' Di:' nx Ntrn ab 
 
 ntTK HN mn' np:' ah o Kitr^ t.-iSn 
 
 KIB*"? latr n{< KC^' Last liue. 
 
 N.B. The test of the Skins of Deuteronomi/ 
 are zeiantins:.
 
 A Specimen (in Printing Types) representing the Size of the 
 Letter, Width of the Columns, and Length and Depth of the 
 Lines in the MS. Roll; taken from Deut.i. 1. 
 
 b^n ^31 p^si p3 t^iD Sid nD-);;3 
 '^^^y nnn am m mnj^m pSi 
 c^npn;; ny^y nn ^nn anno dv
 
 A TABLE of the VARIOUS READINGS, 
 
 EXHIBITING 
 
 j^t one rieic the JVonh of Variation in the Textus Malabaricus, and two 
 printed Editions; us also the Keri, or Hebrew; Marginal Notes, jcilh their 
 References, 
 
 
 GENESIS, 
 I. 1. 
 
 Textus 
 Codicis 
 
 Malabar. 
 
 Edition by 
 V. Hooght, 
 
 1 705. 
 
 Edition by 
 
 J. Atliias, 
 
 1061. 
 
 Marginal Notes, and 
 Keri. 
 
 N°, 1. 
 
 n'j^Kn^ 
 
 n'jyN"!^ 
 
 n'ti'K"!^ 
 
 'nnT2 
 
 2. 
 
 n. 4. 
 
 DKinnn 
 
 Df*"inna 
 
 DK-inn:i 
 
 Nn'jjfn 
 
 3. 
 
 J II. 21. 
 
 °T1 
 
 ■]"iT 
 
 1"n 
 
 ° *] Rt-nex. 
 
 4. 
 
 IV. 13. 
 
 ''iim?2 
 
 iiim'2 
 
 NityjD 
 
 " 59 Cod. and Samarit. 
 
 5. 
 
 V. 1. 
 
 "-13D 
 
 ")3D 
 
 nsD 
 
 ° D Large. 
 
 6. 
 
 VU. 11. 
 
 "nyyD 
 
 mi'VD 
 
 n}:yD 
 
 ° 51 Cod. 
 
 7, 
 
 vm. 17. 
 
 Nvin 
 
 N-:fin 
 
 NVin 
 
 Ki^'n'P 
 
 8. 
 
 IX. 29. 
 
 "vn'i 
 
 'H'l 
 
 ^■T•l 
 
 "173 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 9. 
 
 X. 19. 
 
 D'ayi 
 
 n'y:!) 
 
 D'nvi 
 
 D'nvi 'p 
 
 10. 
 
 xrv. 2. 
 
 D"3V 
 
 n^^y:! 
 
 D'Oi' 
 
 D'nvp 
 
 11. 
 
 8. 
 
 D^'nif 
 
 D^nv 
 
 D'Oy 
 
 D'UVp 
 
 12. 
 
 XVI. 5. 
 
 I'^ai 
 
 yyy 
 
 "I'Vm 
 
 '•^ympJ 
 
 13. 
 
 6. 
 
 °mym 
 
 n'jvm 
 
 ™vm 
 
 55 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 li. 
 
 XVII. 1. 
 
 °l'7nn 
 
 -|Vnnn 
 
 -("^nnn 
 
 " No other Cod. 
 
 15. 
 
 20. 
 
 ''biiDU^'b^ 
 
 '?NTQtr''71 
 
 biiVDl:r'b^ 
 
 " y over the line. 
 
 16. 
 
 XVIII. 9. 
 
 v'Vk 
 
 i'*?}* 
 
 vbii 
 
 VK '7J7 nip: 
 
 17. 
 
 XIX. 33. 
 
 nDipm 
 
 HDipm 
 
 ^]U\P2^ 
 
 1 hv nipJ
 
 36 
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 
 
 Textus 
 Codicis 
 
 Edition by 
 V. Hooght, 
 
 Edition by 
 J. Athias, 
 
 I^Iarginal Notes, and 
 
 
 GENESIS, 
 3pC. G. 
 
 INIalabar. 
 
 1705. 
 
 1661. 
 
 Kai. 
 
 18. 
 
 lona 
 
 mn2 
 
 1Un!3 
 
 xnon 
 
 19. 
 
 XXII L -'. 
 
 nnDn'^T 
 
 nPDn'^T 
 
 nnDa'?! 
 
 Nn'vr 'D 
 
 20. 
 
 XXIV. 1 . 
 
 ■;p. 
 
 •P? 
 
 iPt 
 
 " p Large. 
 
 21. 
 
 li. 
 
 -li'jn 
 
 -iv:n 
 
 njr:n 
 
 nnwn'p 
 
 22. 
 
 Hi. 
 
 ny:m 
 
 -iwm 
 
 nyjm 
 
 nnnni'p 
 
 23. 
 
 22. 
 
 "n^nti^b 
 
 riinD^ 
 
 mn:^•V 
 
 " 1)2 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 21. 
 
 2S. 
 
 nnn 
 
 nyjn 
 
 nyin 
 
 nnwn'p 
 
 25. 
 
 33. 
 
 Q^ffn 
 
 Dti'n 
 
 Dtrn 
 
 DB>in'p 
 
 26. 
 
 55. 
 
 nyjn 
 
 nwn 
 
 nj?:n 
 
 myjn 'p 
 
 27. 
 
 57. 
 
 nyj"? 
 
 nvjS 
 
 nvjS 
 
 n'^vib'p 
 
 28. 
 
 XXV. 15. 
 
 "mn 
 
 -nn 
 
 "nnn 
 
 » -nn 220 Cod. 
 
 29. 
 
 23. 
 
 U''i 
 
 D»'i 
 
 D"J 
 
 D'U'p 
 
 30. 
 
 29. 
 
 
 trv 
 
 n'v 
 
 ° e| Large. 
 
 SI. 
 
 XXVII. 3. 
 
 m'y 
 
 nn-y 
 
 nn'^T'n 
 
 32. 
 
 29. 
 
 ^^nL^"1 
 
 inni^'i 
 
 inn'.:''i 
 
 iinnty n'p 
 
 33. 
 
 4(5. 
 
 'nap 
 
 ♦nyp 
 
 '.ni'P 
 
 • Nn'VTp 
 
 34, 
 
 XXX. 11. 
 
 m 
 
 nn 
 
 nn 
 
 njNn'p 
 
 35. 
 
 +2. 
 
 'ri'Dynn^ 
 
 "f|'^vnai 
 
 t]"j>nm 
 
 " 'nan «! V. II. 
 
 30. 
 
 XXXIII. ;. 
 
 nNiif 
 
 TiNii; 
 
 nxvi' 
 
 vnNii'p 
 
 37. 
 
 4. 
 
 inpK^n 
 
 inpiJ^i 
 
 inp::""! 
 
 ^rp'^ bv mpi 
 
 38. 
 
 XXXIV. 3. 
 
 -iwn 
 
 iy:n 
 
 nnn 
 
 nnvinp 
 
 39. 
 
 3. 
 
 nj?jn 
 
 -inn 
 
 nwn 
 
 nnwn'p 
 
 40. 
 
 12. 
 
 -ivjn 
 
 nyjn 
 
 nnn 
 
 nnj?:n'p 
 
 41. 
 
 '.1. 
 
 HJirDH 
 
 "TOpun 
 
 n:'rDn 
 
 " V. II. I Large. 
 
 42. 
 
 XXXVI. .',. 
 
 t^y 
 
 a/T 
 
 ^«y, 
 
 t!n}r'p
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 Text us 
 Codicis 
 
 Edition by 
 V. Hooght, 
 
 lulition by 
 J. Alliias, 
 
 Marginal Notes, and 
 
 
 GENESIS, 
 XXXVI. 14. 
 
 Malabar. 
 
 1705. 
 
 1661. 
 
 A'tTi. 
 
 N°. 43. 
 
 tff^yn 
 
 {yy» 
 
 ty'V* 
 
 jyirp 
 
 44. 
 
 15. 
 
 "p'n 
 
 pin 
 
 p'n 
 
 P'np " 86 Cod. 
 
 45. 
 
 XXXVII. 12. 
 
 na 
 
 DN 
 
 nK 
 
 DN bv -npj 
 
 46. 
 
 XXXVUI. I. 
 
 ''ii^r\^^ 
 
 N'nn 
 
 Kinn 
 
 " 62 Cod. 
 
 47. 
 
 XXXIX. 0. 
 
 "Sn.i 
 
 bnj 
 
 •^nj 
 
 ° Lamed small. 
 
 48. 
 
 20. 
 
 mox 
 
 mOiV 
 
 niDN 
 
 n'DN'p 
 
 «. 
 
 22. 
 
 "DTDKH 
 
 "DTDKH 
 
 Q-I'DNH 
 
 on^DKn'p " 38 Cod. 
 
 50. 
 
 XL. 2. 
 
 D'SIKn 
 
 D'QINn 
 
 D'ssn 
 
 
 51. 
 
 XLI. 5. 
 
 °nnDi 
 
 nnoi 
 
 nuioi 
 
 ° 56 Cod. 
 
 52. 
 
 14. 
 
 "iniT'^'i 
 
 invTi 
 
 ini^nn 
 
 • 53 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 53. 
 
 23. 
 
 "np-i 
 
 npi 
 
 npn 
 
 " With Resh. 
 
 54. 
 
 45. 
 
 °rn*"i 
 
 inn 
 
 in'i 
 
 ° No other Cod. 
 
 55. 
 
 XLni. 8. 
 
 njSD 
 
 IJ'SJD 
 
 UQtD 
 
 " 57 Cod. 
 
 56. 
 
 28. 
 
 innK^'i 
 
 ■innty»i 
 
 inna''") 
 
 mnm p 
 
 57. 
 
 33. 
 
 °nDnn 
 
 nonn 
 
 nonn 
 
 o 63 Cod. 
 
 58. 
 
 34. 
 
 •'nmo 
 
 niNtr'O 
 
 riKJ^'a 
 
 ° 91 Cod. 
 
 59. 
 
 34. 
 
 n^^tya 
 
 nm^^ 
 
 riNK',!: 
 
 
 60. 
 
 34. 
 
 "nNJyo*: 
 
 mNB'a^ 
 
 "riNB'aa 
 
 " 93 Cod. 
 
 01. 
 
 XLIV. 1 1 . 
 
 "niri 
 
 nnri 
 
 ■nnvi 
 
 ° 4S Cod. 
 
 6'2. 
 
 16. 
 
 
 noi "im: 
 
 nai "la-Tj 
 
 ° Over the line. 
 
 G3. 
 
 17. 
 
 ntyt* 
 
 "X\S 
 
 -Iti'N 
 
 "> Error of the Press. 
 
 04. 
 
 XLV. 3. 
 
 °r:vb 
 
 niivb 
 
 mivb 
 
 " 9 Cod. 
 
 65. 
 
 XLVI. 4. 
 
 TIN 
 
 ""inx 
 
 inx 
 
 ° Error of the Press. 
 
 66. 
 
 5. 
 
 "Dn'trj 
 
 D^:^•J 
 
 DP'Ji'J 
 
 ° 77 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 67. 
 
 XL VII. 27. 
 
 1X2 
 
 "IND 
 
 nxD 
 
 "nnKmj^mn
 
 38 
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 
 
 Texlus 
 C'odiiis 
 
 IaI.Iioii I.v 
 
 V. Hooghi, 
 
 lAlllKin l)v 
 J. Athlus, 
 
 Marginal Notes, and 
 
 
 GENESIS, 
 
 XLVUI. 20. 
 
 Malabar. 
 
 1705. 
 
 16til. 
 
 Keri. 
 
 N". 68. 
 
 nsN':' 
 
 ni^N"? 
 
 nirNb 
 
 "IN^tD " 30 Cod. &,Sani. 
 
 69. 
 
 XLIX. P. 
 
 rmn* 
 
 nmn' 
 
 nmn' 
 
 '\^f2V t^K^n 
 
 70. 
 
 1 1. 
 
 nmo 
 
 nn^D 
 
 nmo 
 
 imDp 
 
 71. 
 
 24. 
 
 °inK^ 
 
 jn'Na 
 
 P'k:i 
 
 " MS. and 1 Cod. 
 
 72. 
 
 L. 23. 
 EXODUS, 
 
 o'ti^b^ 
 
 D'tybjr 
 
 D'lySc 
 
 " V.H. D Large. 
 
 73. 
 
 I\\ 2. 
 
 ntD 
 
 nr.D 
 
 nro 
 
 nr no p 
 
 74. 
 
 X. ". 
 
 "ij'jpm 
 
 ijjprm 
 
 ij'iprm 
 
 " 50 Cod. and Sam. 
 
 75. 
 
 XI. 8. 
 
 ^Nj; 
 
 Ni 
 
 N-; 
 
 " 3 Cod. 
 
 76. 
 
 XIII. 11. 
 
 °■l^^^' 
 
 l^m 
 
 IKl' 
 
 1N3' p 60 Cod. 
 
 77. 
 
 XIV. 28. 
 
 D»^*3^ 
 
 Dwnn 
 
 Dwnn 
 
 y^v c'Nnn 
 
 78. 
 
 XV. 15. 
 
 "iVnij 
 
 ibnnj 
 
 ibnnj 
 
 " Will. Hf///. 
 
 79. 
 
 XVI. 2. 
 
 irbn 
 
 iy':'n 
 
 irVT 
 
 i:iVi p 
 
 90. 
 
 XVI. 7. 
 
 ijiVn 
 
 iji'?n 
 
 irSn 
 
 i:6n'p 
 
 81. 
 
 XVI. 13. 
 
 ^b^r\ 
 
 'b\vr\ 
 
 iSrn 
 
 vbii'np 
 
 82. 
 
 XXI. «. 
 NU.MULKS, 
 
 N*? -It^'K 
 
 nS -i^tk 
 
 N'7•^2'^{ 
 
 iSn^i'N'p 
 
 83. 
 
 X. 10. 
 
 "Da'tJ'in 
 
 DDK'tn 
 
 DDirnn 
 
 " 60 Cod. and San>. 
 
 84. 
 
 2t). 
 
 "Snivt 
 
 '7Nm 
 
 bK'vn 
 
 " With Daki/i. 
 
 85. 
 
 35. 
 
 c 
 
 : 
 
 c 
 
 HDicn pj 
 
 86. 
 
 36. 
 
 nnm 
 
 nn;m 
 
 nnjm 
 
 ^nn^ p 
 
 87. 
 
 37. 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 HDIDH p: 
 
 88. 
 
 XI. il. 
 
 •i"!";.':: 
 
 'ni*o 
 
 *ny*: 
 
 j<"iDn 
 
 89. 
 
 26. 
 
 "v,Sn 
 
 ttSn 
 
 TiSs 
 
 " No oiher Cod. 
 
 90. 
 
 32. 
 
 ib^yn 
 
 ■lb:^•^ 
 
 i^a^n 
 
 yb\:^'p
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 59 
 
 
 NUMBERS, 
 XI. 33. 
 
 Textus 
 Codicis 
 Malabar. 
 
 Edition by 
 V. Hooghtj 
 
 1705. 
 
 Edition l)y 
 
 J. Athias, 
 
 1001. 
 
 Marginal Notes, and 
 Keri. 
 
 N'.9I. 
 
 °t^N1 
 
 PIW 
 
 flNT 
 
 " P| Large. 
 
 92. 
 
 XII. 3. 
 
 i:^' 
 
 w 
 
 i:y 
 
 vjyp 
 
 93. 
 
 XY\\ 17. 
 
 h-^y 
 
 VlT 
 
 •7-1^' 
 
 'nnn IV 
 
 91-. 
 
 30. 
 
 uiVi 
 
 i:ib'1 
 
 IJlb'1 
 
 irVi 'p 
 
 95. 
 
 XV. 2+. 
 
 nonb 
 
 nonS 
 
 nunb 
 
 K"iDn 
 
 96. 
 
 31. 
 
 °njiy 
 
 n:iy 
 
 njiy 
 
 ° Small He. 
 
 97. 
 
 35. 
 
 "Di.n 
 
 DJ1 
 
 Qijn 
 
 " 72 Cod. 
 
 98. 
 
 XVI. 5. 
 
 "nnpi 
 
 yy 
 
 yy 
 
 " No other Cod. 
 
 99. 
 
 11. 
 
 ijiSn 
 
 )yhr\ 
 
 i:ibn 
 
 ^yhn'p 
 
 100. 
 
 XIX. 5. 
 
 Vj'vh 
 
 "vjy^ 
 
 vj'yS 
 
 " Error of the Press. 
 
 101. 
 
 XXI. 29. 
 
 "Dl:'':'D 
 
 D*0''?i) 
 
 D'ObSi 
 
 " 43 Cod. 
 
 102. 
 
 31. 
 
 tr"i''i 
 
 c>i"i 
 
 trn'»i 
 
 jynvi'p 
 
 103. 
 
 XXII. 5. 
 
 "nn 
 
 -nn 
 
 iivn 
 
 " 20 Cod. 
 
 \0i. 
 
 20. 
 
 °i2y'i 
 
 mayn 
 
 i»j?'i 
 
 " 07 Cod. 
 
 105. 
 
 XXIV. 5. 
 
 inon^ 
 
 130 no 
 
 inD no 
 
 noy trKin 
 
 106. 
 
 XXV. 11. 
 
 onj^D 
 
 Dnj'5 
 
 onrfl 
 
 N"i'j?r "tv 
 
 107. 
 
 12. 
 
 D}bti,* 
 
 di'^j:' 
 
 Di'^ty 
 
 r*op liSi 
 
 108. 
 
 XXVI. 9. 
 
 'Nnp 
 
 'Ninp 
 
 Wlp 
 
 ^anp'p 
 
 109. 
 
 46. 
 
 -mty 
 
 n'y^ 
 
 niL^' 
 
 ° With i/c. 
 
 110. 
 
 XXVII. 5. 
 
 
 
 
 ♦nan pj 
 
 111. 
 
 XXIX. 15. 
 
 ibympJ 
 
 112. 
 
 XXXI. 30. 
 
 h6f2 
 
 Sd- 
 
 bo 
 
 " (((/)/( small. 
 
 113. 
 
 XXXII. 7. 
 
 ]Mi'\:D 
 
 ps*ijn 
 
 pNijn 
 
 psun'p 
 
 lit. 
 
 2t. 
 
 D3N:yS 
 
 DDNiVb 
 
 DDNr«^'? 
 
 
 U5. 
 
 XXXIV. 4. 
 
 n'm 
 
 n'ni 
 
 ^:^\^ 
 
 vm'p
 
 40 
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 
 Textus 
 Coilicis 
 
 Ivlitinii by 
 V. Ilooght, 
 
 lull lion by 
 J. Atliias, 
 
 Marginal Notes, 
 
 and 
 
 DEUTERONOMY, 
 
 Malabar. 
 
 1 -o.>. 
 
 I()(31. 
 
 
 NM16. I. 13. 
 
 'DD'C'NI 
 
 D!:t:'N*i 
 
 DtS'tt'iVI 
 
 " 66 Cod. 
 
 
 117. 11. :i3. 
 
 ^n 
 
 in 
 
 un 
 
 Vn'|5 
 
 
 118. 111. 11. 
 
 rhr^ 
 
 nbn 
 
 n^n 
 
 Nna n'DD 
 
 
 119. 27. 
 
 °njDyi 
 
 n:i3vi 
 
 nJDVi 
 
 " 66 Cod. 
 
 
 l.M. V. lO. 
 
 in^yt: 
 
 imyQ 
 
 invi'- 
 
 'mvt:'p 
 
 
 R E M ARKS. 
 
 (1.) In the preceding Talilo there are thii-ty-cight words under the 
 signature of the Ker'i, noted in the margin by 'p» wherein the text of tlie 
 MS. agrees with the text of Athia.s, printed l66l, and with \'^an. Hooght's 
 edition, 1705; viz. N°. 7, 9, 10, 11, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 31, 
 36, 38, 39. 40, 42, 43, 48, 56, TO, 73, 79, SO, 81, 82, S6, 90, 92, 94, 99, 
 102, 108, 113, 115, 11/, 120. 
 
 (2.) There are four words under the signature (TID'. i. e. redundant, 
 and ion. i. c, deficient, wherein the text of the MS. agrees witli both the 
 printed editions; viz. N°, 18, 31, 88, 95. Also N°. 118 agrees with both 
 editions. N°. 68 differs from both editions, and is noted to a<i,roe with 
 thirty Codices, and the Samaritan text. 
 
 (3.) There are three words under the signature of the Keri, wherein the 
 MS. and printed editions vary respectively; viz. N*^. 44, 49, and 76.
 
 REMARKS. 41 
 
 (4.) The various readings of the MS., compared with V. Hooght's text, 
 amount to thirty-nine; viz. N°. 4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 23, 28, 44, 46, 4g, 51, 
 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 6o, 6l, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71, 74, 76, 78, 83, 
 84, 89, 97, 98, 103, 104, 109, 116. 
 
 (5.) The same various readings of the MS., compared with Athias's 
 text, amount to 18; viz. N°. 4, 6, 8, 14, 15, 53, 54, 62, 64, 68, 71, 78, 
 83, 84, 89, 98, 103, 109. 
 
 (6.) Thirteen of the various readings consist only in the difference of 
 similar formed letters ; viz. "T Daleth and 1 Resh, H He and n Heth, 
 1 Vau and ♦ Jod. See N°. 28, 44, 46, 49, 53, 63, 65, 76, 78, 84, 89, 
 
 98, log- 
 
 on 
 
 / _
 
 COLLATION 
 
 OFAN INBIAN COPY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BOOK OF ESTHER.
 
 -lnD^^ nS^jiD 
 
 COLLATION OF AN INDIAN COPY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BOOK OF ESTHER. 
 
 This MS. in vellum, covered on the back with silk, was 
 found in one of the Synagogues of the Black Jews of Cochin, by 
 the Rev. Claudius Buchanan, in the year i8o6. It measures in 
 length six feet nine inches, and in breadth ten inches ; containing 
 thirteen columns, each column consisting of twenty-eight lines. 
 The text is written without points, or any marginal notes. The 
 letters tl^> )£• V' 1 *> tD. T. X are found with the Corona, and the H 
 Heth in all places formed with an arched cap. Several words 
 are interlined ; but as these read according to the printed text, they 
 are not noticed in the Collation. Neither Maccaph nor Soph-pesiick 
 are admitted in the text. 
 
 The Manuscript opens with several versicles or benedictions, 
 as follows: 
 
 nVj!3 N-ipo hv 
 
 nrn \^on^ Qr\n 
 
 abiyn iSo irnbK ♦♦ nna inn 
 
 ijy'jm iJD'pi irnnty 
 
 nrn pr"? 
 m
 
 46 
 
 nie various readings observed in the MS., compared with the 
 text of Vander Hooght 17o5, and of Athias l66l, are exhibited 
 in the following Table. 
 
 N. B. The first line, which gives the breadth of the columns, 
 measures five inches and a quarter, and contains the following 
 words : 
 
 Column II. begins in Chap. I. 15. . . . j^^OH 
 
 III II. 6. . . . n^jin 
 
 IV II. 17. . . . di^Sd 
 
 V III. 8. 
 
 VI IV. 4. 
 
 VII V. 2. 
 
 VIII VI. 3. 
 
 IX VII. 6. 
 
 X. VIII. 9. 
 
 XI IX. 6. 
 
 XII IX. 10. 
 
 XIII IX. 23. 
 
 'Hap
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 47 
 
 ESTHER, 
 
 Textu.s 
 MiJti. 
 
 Edition by 
 V. Ilooght, 
 
 170,5. 
 
 Edition by 
 
 J. Athias, 
 
 1661. 
 
 Marginal Notes, and 
 Keri. 
 
 I. 5. 
 
 riNi'^om 
 
 rNi'73:n 
 
 DNl'^am 
 
 mNStDai p 
 
 G. 
 
 mn 
 
 nn 
 
 mn 
 
 'ny^ 'n 
 
 7. 
 
 op 
 
 r»i 
 
 P 
 
 " ♦ Wanting. 
 
 IG. 
 
 poio 
 
 ]^D^D 
 
 \2?2^72 
 
 piao 'p 
 
 19. 
 
 "wnn 
 
 Nnn 
 
 Nnn 
 
 " With V 
 
 II. 6. 
 
 "D^kyn'a 
 
 D'Sa^nrD 
 
 D'':'t'n'0 
 
 " With one ♦. 
 
 21. 
 
 "tmitrnK 
 
 tymeynK 
 
 t^^-ntrnN 
 
 " With two Vaws. 
 
 HI. 3. 
 
 "-dy 
 
 -imy 
 
 laij^ 
 
 o Without ^ 
 
 4. 
 
 DnsKn 
 
 d"i2k:i 
 
 Dn^^*:l 
 
 DIOND 'p 
 
 12. 
 
 ''e;mt:'n>? 
 
 t!^"i"i5yn{< 
 
 t^TitynK 
 
 ° With two Vaws. 
 
 13. 
 
 D^hz"\ 
 
 chh^^ 
 
 "oVSty 
 
 " Without V 
 
 U. 
 
 on'nv 
 
 D'-I'DV 
 
 "Dnny 
 
 ° With one ♦. 
 
 IV. 4. 
 
 "Hjwam 
 
 n:'Ninm 
 
 prNnni 
 
 '• -in* 
 
 7. 
 
 D'mn'a 
 
 omn'n 
 
 D'mno 
 
 '» -in' 
 
 9. 
 
 °Nnn 
 
 Knn 
 
 iiy^ 
 
 ° With V 
 
 11. 
 
 "D'jrr 
 
 D'nv 
 
 DTnv 
 
 " Without }. 
 
 V. I. 
 
 m^vm 
 
 loym 
 
 iDvm 
 
 ° With V 
 
 VI. 9. 
 
 °ity'n'7,-i 
 
 i^ya'^m 
 
 itt'iibm 
 
 o With ». 
 
 10. 
 
 "ntn'n 
 
 2iirrf 
 
 nti"n 
 
 o With V 
 
 13. 
 
 ^h^^h 
 
 hQ:b 
 
 VdjS 
 
 ° With V 
 
 VII. 1. 
 
 "Nin'i 
 
 Nnn 
 
 ^cn'^ 
 
 " With 1. 
 
 VIII. I. 
 
 D'Tirrn 
 
 D"Tin'n 
 
 D""n rrn 
 
 '' in' 
 
 +. 
 
 "O'nTvT 
 
 omti' 
 
 ointi' 
 
 o With ♦. 
 
 7. 
 
 D^mn-n 
 
 D'mn'n 
 
 D"Tin'i 
 
 '» nn' 
 
 13. 
 
 D"Tin'n 
 
 D'mnM 
 
 D'HinM 
 
 ''in'
 
 48 
 
 TABLE OF VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 ESTHER, 
 
 Tixlus 
 MSti. 
 
 Kditioii by 
 V. Hooght, 
 
 lulu loll by 
 J. Athras, 
 
 IfiOl. 
 
 Mursjinal Notes, and 
 
 13. 
 
 omriy 
 
 Dmnj? 
 
 Dmnj? 
 
 D'"i'nyp 
 
 16. 
 
 °ri{J't2n 
 
 ptt'i 
 
 tE^^yi 
 
 " With V 
 
 IX. 0. 
 
 °^'N 
 
 K^'K 
 
 tJ^'K 
 
 ° Beginning a Column. 
 
 7. 
 
 "NmjiriD 
 
 '^<mJ2>"|^ 
 
 ' Nmj^D 
 
 N-i»yT 'n 
 
 0. 
 
 "Nnjy::-iQ 
 
 '■K-i:'!:nD 
 
 •NnK'O^D 
 
 Ki'vr 'ly 
 
 9. 
 
 nnK 
 
 'T-iK 
 
 "niN* 
 
 " Without V 
 
 9. 
 
 °Knn 
 
 'iinv^ 
 
 "Knn 
 
 'nni 1 
 
 15. 
 
 D""rn'n 
 
 D'"nrrn 
 
 D^'un'n 
 
 ■' -!-♦ 
 
 18. 
 
 D»Tin'm 
 
 ° □♦♦■nrrm 
 
 'D"T!n'm 
 
 '♦-in' 
 
 19. 
 
 D'pnsn 
 
 onnsn 
 
 D'mDn 
 
 '1 -in* 
 
 19. 
 
 -mbtyai 
 
 nSt:^2i 
 
 nbtroi 
 
 " With V 
 
 22. 
 
 nbtyoi 
 
 "mSc'^i 
 
 . phlyD^ 
 
 ° With V 
 
 24. 
 
 "VDm 
 
 Sam 
 
 bsm 
 
 " With ♦. 
 
 27. 
 
 bnpi 
 
 Snpi 
 
 '72p1 
 
 ibnpi 'p 
 
 29. 
 
 ariDm 
 
 nriDni 
 
 ansm 
 
 ♦nn") 'n 
 
 31. 
 
 nyb 
 
 "DpV 
 
 D'^p*? 
 
 " With one '. 
 
 X. 1. 
 
 ^K^nK 
 
 tjnti'nx 
 
 cr'-iK^nN 
 
 t^n•^1t:'^N p
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS, 
 
 PRINTED FROM 
 
 AN INDIAN MANUSCRIPT 
 (^Originally copied from Brazen Tablets preserved at GoaJ 
 
 IN THE 
 
 BUCHANAN COLLECTION; 
 
 WITH 
 
 4 LITERAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION, 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS YE ATE S,
 
 Professor Palmer s Note on the Manuscript. 
 
 " The Hebrew MS. intituled ' Megillath Ahasuerosh,' was found by 
 Dr. Buchanan at Cochin, on the coast of Malabar, in one of the Synagoo-ues 
 of the Black Jews who are settled, in considerable numbers, in that part 
 of India. 
 
 " It is a copy, written probably about 150 years ago, from an ancient 
 Roll bearing the same title. The Roll, as is said in the Hebrew Preface, 
 was a ' Translation from the Biblia, written in the Greek tongue by the 
 Seventy Elders, in the days of King Ptolemy.' And on comparing the 
 MS. with the Apocryphal chapters of Esther, as now extant in the 
 Septuagint, the translation is found, on the whole, to be faithftil and 
 perspicuous ; varying from the Greek principally in a better arrangement, 
 and in the omission of the verses which form the twelfth chapter of the 
 English version. 
 
 " The style and language are pure and correct ; insomuch that on this 
 ground alone the publication of the MS. cannot fail to be serviceable to 
 the cause of Sacred Literature. 
 
 J. PALMER, B.D. Prof. Arab.
 
 :egil]lath ahasuerus, 
 
 OR 
 
 BOOK OF AHASUERLS. 
 
 PREFACE, BY AN UNCERTAIN AUTHOR. 
 
 intynj nSij' Dnnojn nso ^myQ NS»'ipiSK nsiD tmi I'^Sn nvty-iDn iSVdji 
 nain Dnmo vn Vxnir' ♦odhj:' ma'^nn 12 n'Ni nrV t^n tynipn 'an^ iini 
 mno"? itypntt' 'anD Sd pns nntr nio'jnn Ki'ojs:' i»3 ova sik's: tzDnoo 
 
 jn'^np-iflDDjmjVi 
 
 The Letter of King Abasuerus, which Impious Haman sent into all the 
 provinces of India and Ethiopia, in the name of the King. Translated from the 
 Biblia, written in the Greek Tongue by the Seventy Elders in the days of King 
 Ptolemy. And these Chapters are contained among the Books called Apocrypha, 
 or hidden books, and which are not reckoned in the Sacred Canon, whereof 
 there is an evidence in the Talmud, that the wise Men of Israel hid up many 
 Books for some reason, even as is found in the Talmud, Sabbatii, Ciiapter, Col 
 kithbe, that they sought to conceal and lay aside even the Book of Coheleth* 
 itself. 
 
 * Coheleth j that is, Ecclesiastes, or the Preacher. 
 O
 
 54 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERLS. 
 
 Text aficT the Heirew. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 These are tin- words of 
 ihe letter : The great king 
 Artaxerxes, (the same is 
 Ahasuerus, that reigned 
 from India even unto 
 Ethiopia,) hath command- 
 ed, and dotii command, 
 the princes ot" the hundred 
 and twenty and seven pro- 
 vinces of his kingdom, with 
 Words of truth and peace. 
 
 '2 Although I am an 
 august and mighty king, 
 and greatest of all earthly 
 kings of every place ; yet 
 have I not been willing to 
 exalt my power and do- 
 minion by usurpation; but 
 have always been inclined 
 to reign over you with a 
 pure and mild government, 
 and peaceable, such as is 
 desired by iill munkind, and 
 have always sought to pro- 
 mote their happiness, so 
 that every man should dwell 
 under my government in 
 peace and in tranquility, 
 and minding his own bu- 
 siness. 
 
 3 Wherefore I took coun- 
 sel with my nobles, and my 
 counsellers, concerning tlie 
 subject of peace, and the 
 summit v*' prosperity, how 
 it might be continued, and 
 made lasting and perma- 
 nent. Then Hainan, who 
 in wisdom greatly excelled 
 
 mv B>iD Tjn mna "ibisn 
 n^n ihidSs nun:: vn::"i 
 
 ♦jii'i rrn 'a* by\ man 
 'Don DD'Sj? -jibab noi: 
 
 ♦tyi3N^ pa "^Da :inN*jn 
 'n^TMi QiiiN naiyam 
 ^\:p\i^ n:) 'a' Sd nneti»:i 
 'n'7::'aa nnn i^iK Sd 
 nitwbi nm:a:ai mVtto 
 J "inDK^a 
 
 h:iv\y ya fc' Di:i di'^^'h 
 n'aSiy nTavn mavb 
 Kin nti'N pn 'V ns-im 
 ♦Win nty V^a Vnj Don 
 
 TfTf a/ler Ihe Greek. 
 
 CHAP. XHI. 
 
 XiiE copy of the letters 
 was this : The great king 
 Artaxerxes writeth these 
 things to the princes and 
 governors that are under 
 him from India unto Ethi- 
 opia, in an hundred and 
 seven and twenty pro- 
 vinces. 
 
 2 After that I became 
 lord over many nations, 
 and had dominion over the 
 whole world, not lifted up 
 with presumption of my 
 authority, but carrying my- 
 self alway with equity and 
 mildness, I purposed to 
 settle my subjects continu- 
 ally in a quiet life, and 
 making my kingdom peace- 
 able, and open for passage 
 to the utmost coasts, to 
 renew peace, which is de- 
 sired of all men. 
 
 3 Now when I asked 
 my counsellers how this 
 might be brought to pass, 
 A man, that excelled in 
 wisdom among us, nnd was 
 approved for liis constant
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 all my princes r.nd coun- 
 sellers, and whom I loved 
 above all of tliem ; for he 
 was chief in my counsel 
 and confidence, and was 
 next in my kingdom: he 
 represented unto me, 
 
 4 How that there were 
 found a certain people scat- 
 tered and disj)erscd :imong 
 the people of my kingdom, 
 having statutes and judg- 
 ments and laws contrary 
 to all nations, and to their 
 customs; and in whose sight 
 the royal decrees were not 
 accounted for any thing; 
 and for this cause they 
 strove to disturb the peace 
 and unity throughout all 
 iry kingdom. 
 
 5 So it came to pass, as 
 soon as I had heard con- 
 cerning the said people, 
 that they were a people 
 differing from all the laws 
 of other people, and con- 
 tinually opposing my will, 
 and doing perversely against 
 all the faith and customs 
 of nations, and that they 
 obeyed not my commands, 
 and moreover, because they 
 excite continual wars, and 
 do great damage to my 
 kingdom, breaking the 
 peace, and destroying the 
 union of my people. 
 
 () I have commanded, 
 that this people, which lla- 
 man the great prince hath 
 K presented to you, be de- 
 
 Nin 'D 0^32 'nnriN imxi 
 D'ODtTDi D'pin on"? t:"i 
 
 "1-1152 Dv NintJ' nsrjn 
 Q'jnjn cay- 'm b^o 
 
 nisn'-'x: "ran :=:r2"nj 
 : 'Dvo nnnxn onn'^i 
 
 '^3 br^T\ nK'n pn ddS 
 
 good will and stedfast fide- 
 lity, and had the lionour 
 of the second place in the 
 kingdom, 
 
 4 Declared unto us, that 
 in all nations throughout 
 the world there was scat- 
 tered a certain malicious 
 people, that had laws con- 
 trary to all nations, and 
 continually despised the 
 commandments of kings, 
 so as the uniting of our 
 kingdoms, honourably' in- 
 tended by us, cannot go 
 forward. 
 
 5 Seeing then we under- 
 stand that this people alone 
 is continually in opposition 
 unto all men, differing in 
 the strange manner of their 
 laws, and evil affected to 
 our state, working all the 
 mischief tliey can, that our 
 kingtlom may not be firmly 
 established : 
 
 6 Therefore have we com- 
 manded, that all they that 
 are signified in writing un- 
 to you by Aman, who is 
 ordained over the affairs,
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Text after the Hebreu-. 
 
 «troyed, slain, and made to 
 perish without any mercy; 
 togetlier with tlie children 
 and women ; and that llieir 
 spoil be made a prey : and 
 this slaughter shall be on 
 the fourteenth day of the 
 month Adar, in this same 
 year. 
 
 7 To the end that all of 
 them should be slain on the 
 said day, without leaving 
 of them any to remain or 
 escape; that so there may 
 he peace continually in my 
 kingdom. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 Then prayed Mordecai 
 unto his God, declaring his 
 wonders, saying, 
 
 2 O Lord God, thou art 
 the King Almighty, and 
 King over all kings ; every 
 thing is in thy power, and 
 thy good pleasure shall be 
 done ; and who may resist 
 ihy will, when thou art 
 pleased to help Israel ? 
 
 3 Thou hast made hea- 
 ven and earth, and all that 
 is therein. 
 
 4 Thou art Lord of them 
 all ; and who shall resist 
 thee to hinder thy will? 
 
 5 Thou knowcst all that 
 is done, and seest that I 
 have not acted in pride of 
 lieart, or in hauglilincss, in 
 
 nnn naiy bon q^dSdh 
 Tsn nion "]jiv-n ^y 
 
 ♦31 dVid i"n»v Nin nnj^ 
 : 7:1 vn -nvyS injjS niDj?' 
 
 'n'?n'7 msn IN aaV di 
 
 T<rT< after the Greek. 
 
 and is next unto us, shall 
 all, with their wives and 
 children, be utterly destroy- 
 ed by the sword of their 
 enemies, without all mercy 
 and pity, the fourteenth 
 day of the twelfth month 
 Adar of this present year: 
 7 Tiiat they, who of old 
 and now also are malicious, 
 may in one day with vio- 
 lence go into the grave, 
 and so ever hereafter cause 
 our affairs to be well settled, 
 and without trouble. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 1 HEN Mardochcus thought 
 upon all the works of the 
 Lord, and made his prayer 
 unto him, 
 
 9 Saying, O Lord, Lord, 
 the King Almighty : for 
 the whole world is in thy 
 power, and if thou hast 
 appointed to save Israel, 
 there is no man that can 
 gainsay thee : 
 
 10 For thou hast made 
 heaven and earth, and all 
 the wondrous things under 
 the heaven. 
 
 1 1 Thou art Lord of all 
 things, and rlicrc is no man 
 that can resist thee, which 
 art the Lord. 
 
 12 Thou knowest all 
 things, and thou knowest, 
 Lord, that it was neither 
 iu contempt nor pride, nor
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 57 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 that I did not bow down 
 to Ilanian the adversary 
 and cnciiiy, A\'l)en I could 
 have helped Israel by kissing 
 Haman's feet. 
 
 6 I myself was ready and 
 prepared to do this for the 
 good of thy people, but 
 for this cause, . did not 
 bow down to him, lest 1 
 should turn away in giving 
 the glory of God to one 
 born of a woman, and to 
 a mortal man ; neither will 
 I bow down to any other 
 but before my God. 
 
 7 And now, O Lord, the 
 King and God of Abraham, 
 have mercy upoii thy peo- 
 ple ; for they that hate us 
 would destroy us, and root 
 out thine inheritance, which 
 hath been thine from the 
 beginning. 
 
 8 Despise not this little 
 heap of thine, which thou 
 hast redeemed with thine 
 own arm out of Egypt. 
 
 9 Hear my prayer, and 
 shew mercy to thy people, 
 and turn our sorrow into 
 joy, that we may live and 
 declare thy praise, and ce- 
 lebrate thy Name ; and 
 destroy not the lips that 
 continually shew forth thy 
 praises. 
 
 10 And all Israel called 
 upon the Lord .with ail 
 their might, because they 
 were devoted unto death. 
 
 nnro Vat^n riNr nv^*vb 
 kS nxr yn "^^a laj? 
 Vkih ^h mnntJ'nS '-'in 
 
 Kbi DIN pVi nc'N mb''? 
 'D ina czjity*? nmnti'N 
 
 ha} ib^ 'JIN nnv^ 
 
 'D IDV bv DH-I Dn-inXO 
 
 I'^ty ynn nbw -id'n 
 
 : D'-15fOO 
 
 r\nj2(yb irju' nsm if2vh 
 inSnmDDJi n'njt:>;yob 
 
 '-7^nan .— liDD"? nnnti'n 
 : yrbnn Ton 
 
 n?2n 'D 'rx*? DHD Sd:i 
 : nn'*:S d'DDiji 
 
 T«-f/ after the Greek. 
 
 for any desire of glory, 
 that I did not bow down 
 to proud Aman. 
 
 13 For I could have been 
 content with good will for 
 the salvation of Israel to 
 kiss the soles of his feet. 
 
 14 But I did this, that 
 I might not prefer the glory 
 of man above the glory of 
 God : neither will I wor- 
 ship any but thee, O God, 
 neither will I dq it in 
 pride. 
 
 15 And now, O Lord 
 God and King, spare thy 
 people : for their ej-es are 
 upon us to bring us to 
 nought; yea, they desire 
 to destroy the inheritance, 
 that hath been thine from 
 the beginning. 
 
 iG Despise not the por- 
 tion, which thou hast de- 
 livered out of Egypt for 
 thine own self. 
 
 17 Hear my prayer, and- 
 be merciful unto thine in- 
 heritance : turn our sorrow 
 into joy, that we may live, 
 O Lord, and praise thy 
 name : and destroy not the 
 mouths of them that praise 
 thee, O Lord. 
 
 IS All Israel in hke man- 
 ner cried most earnestly 
 unto the Lord, because their 
 deatli was before their 
 
 eyes. 
 
 P
 
 58 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Ttzl ajler the Htireu. 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 And Esther the queen re- 
 sorted unto the Lord to 
 pray also in the time of 
 Israel's trouble. 
 
 2 And she laid aside her 
 royal apparel, and put on 
 herself mourning garments; 
 and in the place of sweet 
 ointments, and perfume, 
 and rose waters to anoint 
 her hair, she covered her 
 head with dust and aslies, 
 and humbled her soul with 
 fasting ; and in all places 
 where before Estiier iiad 
 joy and gladness, she went 
 now with iier torn hair by 
 reason of her abasement. 
 
 3 And she prayed unto 
 the God of Israel, saying, 
 
 4 O Lord, thou only art 
 our King ! save now the 
 afflicted and mournful; for 
 I have no deliverer but tiice 
 only, and reproach and dis- 
 tress have come before mine 
 eyes. 
 
 5 I have heard from my 
 father, that thou art the 
 Lord that didst separate 
 Israel from all people, and 
 didst take our fathers of 
 old for thine inheritance, 
 and hast fultilied continually 
 that wliicli thou saidest and 
 didst promise unto them. 
 
 'vnn ptj> D'p!:n"i n-h^a 
 ♦21 :=:cnm mnnvnn 
 
 r\H mmm nsym n?tcn 
 mQpon h'3n^ myn ntriD: 
 Dip^ "|'"'P'^ ^ri'n n:^'K 
 
 I n"ijn; Ditra rvw^ 
 i3dV» ']i:ib nnK ^na 
 iNa pmm -ivvm ii^b 
 
 itt'K nN T^n na^ii 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 Queen Esther also, heing 
 in fear of death, resorted 
 unto the Lord : 
 
 2 And laid away her glo- 
 rious apparel, and put on 
 the garments of anguish 
 and mourning: and instead 
 of precious ointments, she 
 covered her head with 
 aslies and dung, and she 
 humbled her body greatly, 
 and all the places of her 
 joy she fdkd with her torn 
 hair. 
 
 3 And she prayed unto 
 the Lord Cod of Israel, 
 saying, O my Lord, thou 
 only art our King : help 
 me, desolate woman, which 
 have no helper but thee : 
 
 4 For my danger is in 
 mine hand. 
 
 5 From my youth up I 
 have heard in the tribe of 
 my family, that thou, O 
 Lord, tookest Israel from 
 among all people, and our 
 fathers from all their pre- 
 decessors, for a perpetual 
 inheritance, and thou hast 
 performed whatsoever thou 
 didst promise them.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 59 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 6 As for US, we have 
 sinned before thee ; there- 
 fore hast thou delivered us 
 into the hands of our ene- 
 mies. 
 
 7 But thou art righteous, 
 O Lord ; we have rebelled 
 because we liave given 
 glory to the idols of our 
 enemies. 
 
 8 And now, O Lord our 
 God, is It not enough that 
 our enemies oppress us in 
 bitter captivity, because of 
 our inic|uities, thinking and 
 devising how to swallow us 
 up; but also ascribe their 
 victory to their idols, and 
 to their own power. 
 
 9 And they consider how 
 to cause thy covenant to 
 cease with us, and pluck up 
 thine inheritance by the 
 roots ; and to stop every 
 mouth that singeth to the 
 glory of thy Name, and 
 mat they may destroy the 
 glory of the place of thy 
 sanctuary : 
 
 10 And how to open 
 ever}' mouth of the heathen 
 to laud and praise the power 
 and might of their idol, and 
 extol continually a king 
 that is encompassed with 
 death like the rest of mor- 
 tals. 
 
 11 O Lord, give not thy 
 staff nor thy rightful sceptre 
 into the hand of one that 
 is nothing, that they re- 
 
 'i^^* nnK pn-f '^nx 
 nn "1:1:23 'D lina -i'd 'd 
 
 kH i^hSk 'JIN nnvi 
 
 naiy Vatra -ion m*?:n 
 D'ntt'im Dnmoi ij'nsiy 
 s^nniD ^^ pn wh'::h 
 
 n'ntynS a'nt:'noi 
 'no -ipjrn'71 uay '}r\^*\'2. 
 DinoVi I'nbnj ty-nt:^n» 
 
 D'ljna ns bi n'nsnSi 
 
 nn'Da b^Djn "]'?a Tan 
 nt:nty jnn "^n ♦J■^^* 
 pi uniK isnn' nW i^aS 
 
 T«< a/i!er the Creel. 
 
 6 And now we have 
 sinned before thee : there- 
 fore hast ihou given us 
 into the hands of our ene- 
 mies, 
 
 7 Because we worshipped 
 their gods: O Lord, thou 
 art rittliteous. 
 
 8 Nevertheless it satis- 
 fieth them not, that we are 
 in bitter captivity : but they 
 have stricken hands with 
 their idols, 
 
 9 That they will abolish 
 the thing that thou with 
 thy mouth hast ordained, 
 and destroy thine inheri- 
 tance, and stop the mouth 
 of them that praise thee, 
 and quench the glory of 
 thy house, and of thine 
 altar. 
 
 10 And open the mouths 
 of the heathen to set forth 
 the praises of the idols, and 
 to magnify a fleshly king 
 for ever. 
 
 1 1 O Lord, give not thy 
 sceptre unto them that be 
 nothing, and let them not
 
 60 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Text after the Hebrew- 
 
 proach us not ; but return 
 upon their own heads tlie 
 evil which they luive de- 
 vised upon us ; and set a 
 mark upon the adversary 
 that presumptuously accu- 
 seth us with lying words at 
 the kind's hand. 
 
 12 Remember us, O 
 Lord, and shew us wonder- 
 ful things in our oppres- 
 sions; and grant me power 
 and strength. O Lord, wlio 
 art King above ail gods 
 and over all princes. 
 
 13 Learn me how to 
 speak in the presence of 
 the lion, and turn his heart 
 to hate them that hale us ; 
 that so he may die, he and 
 all that are joined with 
 him, by a strange death. 
 
 14 Bring us forth and 
 redeem us from our miseries 
 by thy mighty hand : hei() 
 me, for that i am thy iiand- 
 maid who hath no redeemer 
 nor deliverer but thee only, 
 and thou knowest every 
 thinq;. 
 
 15 And thou knowest 
 that I have no delight nor 
 joy nor gladness in the 
 glory which I have had, or 
 can have, with the ungodly : 
 nor also liavc I any desire 
 in the marriages of hea- 
 thens and strangers. 
 
 vn vnm ir^v nirne' 
 Mi pnrn x^h^r\ "nivnS 
 y^ onpcr nmi ijmK 
 
 nxm 'HK iiniK -III 
 
 'jTiN nnuji HD '^ jm 
 
 ^D ^v "iSd nnN nt^'K 
 
 : Dnty- Ss byr\ urhn 
 
 'jsn "^Th 'm^< •no'? 
 
 yyam-i Njisy nvrH 
 'Vjh hy\ Kin nia*K' ivaV 
 : niitro nn'on V2V onVjn 
 
 '3m^* nirv rhr\yr\ "iTii 
 
 : nm Sd jnv nnw ^rn'? 
 van »b j'Nt:' njn» nnt<i 
 
 ':'yK h 7vryn'\ nn'n ntrx 
 man *"? ]'N a^i ytynn 
 
 TVrf after the Greek. 
 
 laugh at our fall ; but turn 
 their device upon them- 
 selves, and make him an 
 example, that hath begun 
 this against us. 
 
 12 Remember, O Lord, 
 make thyself known in 
 time of our affliction, and 
 give me boldness, O King 
 of the nations, and Lord 
 of all power. 
 
 13 Give me eloquent 
 speech in my mouth before 
 the lion : turn his heart to 
 hate him that fighteth 
 against us, that there may 
 be an end of him, and of 
 all that are likeminded to 
 him : 
 
 14 But deliver us with 
 thine hand, and help me 
 that am desolate, and which 
 have no other help but 
 thee. 
 
 Ij Thou knowest all 
 things, O Lord; thou know- 
 est that I hate the glory 
 of the unrighteous, and ab- 
 hor the bed of the uncir- 
 cumcised, and of all the 
 heathen.
 
 MEGILLATII AIIASUERUS. 
 
 61 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 16 Thou knowest that I 
 was compelled to do thus, 
 though I had no pleasure 
 in the royal ornaments up- 
 on my head in the day 
 when he shewed the riches 
 of the glory of his king- 
 dom, but all was accounted 
 by me as an unclean gar- 
 ment; neither attired I 
 mj'self with his pomp out 
 of his sight. 
 
 17 Also thou knowest 
 that I neither did eat nor 
 drink of my dainties and 
 delicacies to rejoice with 
 Haman ; nor also rejoiced 
 at the dainties of the king's 
 table, nor drank of the 
 wine offered to his idol. 
 
 18 Neither hath joy come 
 into the heart of thy hand- 
 maid since the day when 
 I came hither until now. 
 But I will rejoice conti- 
 nually with the princes 
 of the people when they 
 shall be gathered together, 
 the people of the God of 
 Abraham. 
 
 19 Hear the voice of the 
 afflicted ; for thou art God, 
 mighty above all that are 
 mighty ; and deliver us 
 from the hand of the wicked, 
 and redeem me from all my 
 troubles. 
 
 ♦nnnDJty nvy nr\H 
 VDH 'b yti^ riKT n}\vvb 
 
 KSD "Tjn 103 'h'^a at!>nj 
 nNfli n2^2br\D ':^? jn^n 
 
 ah 'D"»ty nvy hdk d:i 
 ibon ^nbirn '-^''^ 'nnati* 
 
 QTHD *inoN iS nina 
 nnv "TJ7 ikdS 'HKnty 
 ay "pan ♦nnoa' Ha{< 
 
 CDJ7 ISDWtTD Of2y OHJ 
 
 ^n^?♦^^T3y^S^pyJ:K' 
 ann'jn Vd by nn'Ji bn 
 
 Text after the Greek. 
 16 Thou knowest my 
 necessity : for I abhor the 
 sign of my high estate, 
 which is upon mine head 
 in the days wherein I shesv 
 myself, and that I abhor it 
 as a menstruous rag, and 
 that I wear it not when I 
 am private by myself, 
 
 17 And that thine hand- 
 maid hath not eaten at 
 Aman's table, and that I 
 have not greatly esteemed 
 the king's feast, nor drunk 
 the wine of the drink- 
 offerings. 
 
 18 Neither had thine 
 handmaid any joy since the 
 day that I was brought 
 hither to this present, but 
 in thee, O Lord God of 
 Abraham. 
 
 19 O thou mighty God 
 above all, hear the voice of 
 the forlorn, and deliver us 
 out of the hands of the 
 mischievous, and deliver me 
 out of my fear.
 
 62 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS, 
 
 Text after the Jlebreu-. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 And upon the third day, 
 Esther put ofTlier mourning 
 garments, and clothed her- 
 self with royal apparel. 
 
 2 And she found favour 
 in the eyes of all that be- 
 held her ; and having called 
 upon God the saviour to 
 help her, she took with her 
 two maidens : 
 
 3 And upon the hand of 
 one she leaned with dig- 
 nity. 
 
 4 And the other followed 
 after her, bearing up the 
 train of her garments. 
 
 5 And her countenance 
 was exceeding fair: and 
 she was held in admiration 
 in the eyes of all that saw 
 her ; for her appearance 
 was cheerful, but her heart 
 was full of anguish and 
 sorrow. 
 
 G And when she had 
 passed through all the doors 
 of the palace, then stood 
 the queen before the king, 
 and the king was seated on 
 his royal throne, in his 
 robes of state that were 
 made of gold and precious 
 stones, so that the sight of 
 him cast a dread in the 
 eyes of them that saw him. 
 
 1 ntniD 
 
 V'\i^'\'2n hub K-»pm n'sn 
 'Jt:' n'2V nnpm nnnryS 
 
 ; nnxn 
 nnnN n:h^r\ mti;rv\ 
 
 ly ns' nn'n n':fli 
 nnnNDO nn'H ntd tk^ 
 nw-iarrr^n ^d wn 
 r\2b b:iii nnat:'^ nn^n 
 : TOXTi -)V^ HNbo nn»n 
 
 nvty b^ nn riKiiB'DT 
 NDD by aty* I'^sm i^ja-i 
 
 nN'na nn'n i.tn-i ovDnp* 
 : iwn 'J^V n*nn 
 
 TfJ-* n/?(rr Me Creei. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 And upon the third day, 
 when she had ended her 
 prayer, she laid away her 
 mourning garments, and 
 put on her glorious apparel. 
 
 2 And being gloriously 
 adorned, after she had call- 
 ed upon God, who is the 
 beholder and saviour of all 
 things, she took two maids 
 with her: 
 
 3 And upon the one she 
 leaned, as carrying herself 
 daintily ; 
 
 4 And the other follow- 
 ed, bearing up her train. 
 
 5 And she was ruddy 
 through the perfection of 
 hrr beauty, and iier coun- 
 tenance was cheerful and 
 very amiable : but her heart 
 was in anguish for fear. 
 
 G Then having passed 
 through all the doors, she 
 stood before the king, who 
 sat upon his royal throne, 
 and was clothed with all 
 his robes of majesty, all 
 glittering with gold and 
 precious stones ; and he 
 was very dreadful.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 65 
 
 Tixt after the Hebrew. 
 ^ And the king, lifting 
 up his eyes, saw Esther, 
 being moved with indig- 
 nation and fierce anger ; 
 and Esther was troubled at 
 his presence, and her coun- 
 tenance was changed like 
 the face of death, and she 
 fell through faintness with 
 her head upon her maid. 
 
 8 Then the Lord God 
 changed the heart of the 
 king for good; and the king 
 was troubled for her sake, 
 and arose from his throne, 
 and ran to meet Esther, 
 and embracedher and kissed 
 her; and said to her in 
 friendly words. 
 
 9 What is the matter, 
 O Esther? am I not thy 
 brother ? fear thou not. 
 
 10 For the decree, that 
 none should come unto tlie 
 king without being called 
 for, is commanded for others, 
 but not for thee : Come, 
 Esther ; come in. 
 
 \l. 12 Then the king 
 held up the golden sceptre, 
 and laid it upon her neck, 
 and -le tO^tilaeed her, and 
 said, Speak, O Esther, what 
 thou hast to say. 
 
 'nmnvD-inDKnKnNm 
 
 : nnoK by nt^j^n dv 
 
 i^Db njf'i r\y\^b "i^on 
 V"i»i WDDD Dpi nViB'a 
 n'pnn'i -iddk nmph 
 nam rh noKn n^pB^jin 
 
 ♦JK abn inDu i*? no 
 : 'NTnn ba ym 
 
 K'nnNnpn''73i'?on'7K 
 i<h bin onnK*? nii'O 
 
 : n£)»n3 by innji :inrn 
 mDNnoN'inniKp5y:n 
 : nS no "inoK 
 
 r<?.r/ a/?er the Greei. 
 7 Then lifting up his 
 countenance that shone 
 with majesty, he looked 
 very fiercely upon her ; 
 and the queen fell down, 
 and was pale, and fainted, 
 and bowed herself upon the 
 head of the maid that went 
 before her. 
 
 8 Then God changed the 
 spirit of tlie king into mild- 
 ness, who in a fear leaped 
 from his throne, and took 
 her in his arms, till she 
 came to herself again, and 
 comforted her with loving 
 words, and said unto her, 
 
 9 Esther, what is the 
 matter.^ I am thy brother, 
 be of good cheer : 
 
 10 Thou shalt not die, 
 though our commandment 
 be general; Come near. 
 
 11 And so he held up 
 his golden sceptre, and laid 
 it upon her neck, 
 
 12 And embraced her, 
 and said, Speak unto me.
 
 64 
 
 MEGILLATII AHASUERUS. 
 
 Tert after Iht Hebrew. 
 
 13 Then answered Esther 
 and said, As soon as I saw 
 thee, I thought that I saw 
 an angel of God ; therefore 
 was I troubled at the great 
 glory of thy majesty. 
 
 14 For thou art very 
 terrible, casting a dread up- 
 on all that behold thee; and 
 thy countenance is wonder- 
 ful. 
 
 15 And at the time Esther 
 was speaking with him, she 
 fell down again through 
 faintness upon the ground. 
 
 16 And the king was 
 troubled with his ministers 
 because of her: and they 
 comforted her. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 In the fourth year of king 
 Ptolemy and Cleopatra, 
 Dositheus and his son Pto- 
 lemy (there are who say 
 that they were of the sons 
 of Levi) brought these let- 
 ters of Purim, and said that 
 Lysimachus the son of Pto- 
 lemy translated the same 
 in Jerusalem from the Ara- 
 bic into the Hebrew tongue. 
 2 Artaxerxes (he is Aha- 
 suerus, the king that reign- 
 ed from India unto Ethi- 
 opia) commandeth his peace 
 unto the princes of the 
 hundred and twenty and 
 seven provinces of his king- 
 dom, and unto their sub- 
 jects with decrees of peace 
 and truth. 
 
 : nriDK nxna Kin 
 iQyinDKmmtynm 
 \ 'pKn bv nn3 
 
 '♦an nDSIN'Vpl N'O'ViDD 
 
 N'O'SiCD i3nvD*nmN'nn 
 (nS ♦no none' o^noiNn) 
 n'-7Nn □♦man nnj^Nn 
 
 p DNfDO^D^SnB' noKT 
 
 iniN ynvn ^♦o^'-7"i09 
 ♦:nyn ptt'V p ^hm-\''i 
 
 'nK Kin) o'V-iNVKOiK 
 iSion "jbon (tymtr'nK 
 'Vty mvo cnD nyi nino 
 'n nNoo ♦itj' n:u ioiVk^ 
 ni:^no nynin a^nB^n 
 nvi'a Dnnay nj:i ihid'^o 
 
 Tpj:< a/?<T the Creek. 
 
 13 Then said she unto 
 him, I saw thee, my lord, 
 as an angel of God, and 
 my heart was troubled for 
 fear of thy majesty. 
 
 14 For wonderful art 
 thou, lord, and thy coun- 
 tenance is full of grace. 
 
 15 And as she was speak- 
 ing, she fell down for faint- 
 ness. 
 
 16 Then the king was 
 troubled, and all his ser- 
 vants comforted her. 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 In the fourth year of the 
 reign of Ptolemeus and 
 Cleopatra, Dositheus, who 
 said he was a priest and 
 Levite, and Ptolemeus his 
 son, brought this epistle of 
 Phurim, which they said 
 was the same, and that Ly- 
 symachus the son of Pto- 
 lemeus, that was in Jeru- 
 salem, had interpreted it. 
 
 CHAP. xvr. 
 
 The great king Artaxerxes 
 unto the princes and go- 
 vernors of an hundred and 
 seven and twenty provinces 
 from India unto Ethiopia, 
 and unto all our faithful 
 subjects, greeting.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 65 
 
 Text after the Hehrew. 
 
 3 Whereas I have found 
 many ministers to become 
 ■vain throui^h the lenity of 
 their kings; and that the 
 honour that is given to 
 them of the king only 
 prompts them to excess of 
 pride and haughtiness, and 
 to practise ail manner of 
 evil. 
 
 4 And not only that 
 they do wrong to the com- 
 mon people, which are the 
 king's subjects; but are ever 
 devising how they may 
 trample under their feet 
 the prince that hath ex- 
 alted them. 
 
 5 Nor do they only do 
 wrong against the well- 
 affected and well-disposed 
 princes of the country, 
 that they should not be 
 subject to their own king : 
 but also this do they, that 
 they think that God, who 
 continually seeth the ways 
 of just men, observeth not 
 their evil works. 
 
 6 Moreover they prac- 
 tise falsehood, and deceive 
 righteous princes ; stirring 
 them up to shed innocent 
 blood: and those yrho have 
 acted faithfully in their duty 
 to their king, them they 
 bring into reproach and 
 great dii>tre&s. 
 
 jn G'^nj-'ty nab kSi 
 'njr rv:i7\ ntrx pKn 'svV 
 
 n^* ur\hT\i Diaib Ton 
 : DniK bTyitf ityn 
 nji n D'Bny nnb kVi 
 
 Dntyinjy ityy nsr dj p"i 
 ♦3~n Vv Tsn nxnn hm 
 
 D'KonoT DnpB'o nom 
 onS Din:iS Dpnvn nty*? 
 'itc K'anSi 'pi DT iist^'b 
 njiONn nay:^ czmK 
 CDrviB'i dd'?2 nsN'j'on 
 J Vn:! pmm nyjf "jinn 
 
 
 2 Many, the more often 
 they arc honoured with the 
 great bounty of their gra- 
 cious princes, the more 
 proud they are waxen, 
 
 3 And endeavour to hurt 
 not our subjects only, but 
 not being able to bear 
 abundance, do take in hand 
 to practise also against 
 those that do them good : 
 
 4 And take not only 
 thankfulness away from 
 among men, but also lifted 
 up with the glorious words 
 of lewd persons, that were 
 never good, they think to 
 escape the justice of God, 
 that seeth all things, aad 
 hateth evil. 
 
 5 Oftentimes also fair 
 speech of those, that are 
 put in trust to manage their 
 friends' affairs, hath caused 
 many that are in authority 
 to be partakers of innocent 
 blood, and hath enwrapped 
 them in remediless cala- 
 mities : 
 
 6 Beguiling with the 
 falsehood and deceit of 
 their lewd disposition the 
 innocency and goodoess of 
 priaces. 
 
 r
 
 6Q 
 
 MEGILLATH AIIASUERUS. 
 
 Teit afltr the Hehreu: 
 
 7 Tlie like work antl 
 example is not only found 
 ill the histories of the an- 
 cients ; but also in our own 
 times are found wicked 
 counsellors that excite tlie 
 king to use his subjects ill. 
 
 8 And forasmucli as 1 
 am bounden to take cogni- 
 zance of the said evil pro- 
 ceedings, and as it is laid 
 upon mo to give an account 
 of their actions, and to re- 
 move such impediments, 
 and to preserve the peace 
 of my country, 
 
 9 It becomes necessary 
 and expedient for me some- 
 times to change decrees, 
 which I have before com- 
 manded, when [ have found 
 affairs to go contrary to 
 what the reporter had de- 
 clared unto me, using all 
 precaution ; for this is tlie 
 glory of government. 
 
 10 Now whereas Hu- 
 man, the son of llamadtha, 
 begotten of Macedonian 
 blood, and not of the 
 Persian blood, nor having 
 any native slock like the 
 Persians, but who was only 
 witli me as a traveller ; 
 
 ah nrn Stj^am ntl•J?^:^ 
 
 yna in .ir:: iS c** nV, did 
 rrn xin pi did 'i^'jk im 
 
 Tert nfier the Grerk. 
 
 7 Now ye may sec this, 
 as we have dcchntil, not 
 so much bv ancient histo- 
 ries, as ye may, if ye search 
 what hath been wickedly 
 done of late through the 
 pestilent behaviour of them 
 that are unworthily placed 
 in autiiority. 
 
 8 And we must take care 
 for the lime to come, that 
 our kingdom may be quiet 
 and peaceable for all men, 
 
 9 Both by changing our 
 purposes, and always judg- 
 ing things that are evident 
 with more equal proceed- 
 
 10 For Aman, a Mace- 
 donian, the son of Ama- 
 datha, b,eing indeed a stran- 
 ger from the Persian blood, 
 and tar distant from our 
 goixinos, and as a stranger 
 rccoivL-d of us.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 67 
 
 Texl after the Hebrew. 
 
 11 Him I promoted and 
 dignified, and exalted above 
 all the princes : for this is 
 my disposition to make 
 much of every traveller, of 
 whatever sort or nation ; 
 so that I called him Father, 
 and gave him favour and 
 honour to be called the next 
 Ufito the king. 
 
 12 But this honour and 
 bounty on/j/ moved him to 
 shew his pride and haughti- 
 ness, and a determination 
 in his mind against myself 
 and my kingdom. 
 
 13 For he watched how 
 to destroy Mordecai, who 
 had by his faithfulness and 
 goodness saved my life, 
 and also my righteous con- 
 sort queen Esther, and all 
 her people. 
 
 14 For he accused them 
 to me with false and vain 
 words, that he might destroy 
 them from my land : and 
 when they had destroyed 
 those that guarded me and 
 my kingdom, flaman de- 
 signed also to have me de- 
 stroyed, to bring over the 
 kingdom of Persia into the 
 power of the Macedonians. 
 
 15 But we have found 
 out, that they whom wicked 
 Haman would have to be 
 destroyed are just men and 
 pious, having good ordi- 
 nances and laws, 
 
 ♦na,2Tn tiViji 'nan;:) 
 
 ion 1^ •nnji '2n imx 
 : iVaV niiyo n"ipjiy tudi 
 
 riNrn lonm mnDm 
 ana nNi-in*? i"? io"ij 
 
 nD'?3nnnDNnp"!>.*n 'b:v 
 
 DJ i-tDH nor 'r\^2b'2^ 'nMi 
 
 pn nt^•^« 'i:nV!3 h2ti 
 : D'avj nmm D'pin arh 
 
 Text after the Greet. 
 
 1 1 Had so far forth ob- 
 tained the favour that we 
 shew toward every nation, 
 as that he was called our 
 Father, and was continually 
 honoured of all men, as the 
 ne.\t person unto the king. 
 
 ^1 But he not bearing 
 his great dignity, went 
 about to deprive us of our 
 kingdom and life: 
 
 13 Having by manifold 
 and cunning deceits sought 
 of us the destruction, as 
 well of Mardocheus, who 
 saved our life, and conti- 
 nually procured our good, 
 as also of blameless Esther, 
 partaker of our kingdom, 
 with their whole nation. 
 
 14 For by these means 
 he thought, finding us des- 
 titute of friends, to have 
 translated the kingdom of 
 the Persians to the Mace- 
 donians. 
 
 15 But we find that the 
 Jews, whom this wicked 
 wretch hath delivered to 
 utter destruction, are no 
 evil doers, but live by most 
 just laws:
 
 68 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Text after the Hehrew. 
 
 16 And are children of 
 the great and eternal God ; 
 He is the God that hath 
 given the kinu:dom of Persia 
 to our ancestors, and also 
 to me by liis abundant 
 goodness ; and he yet doth 
 well guide my kingdom. 
 
 17 Wherefore do not ye 
 put in execution the letter 
 which hplh been brought 
 to you by means of Ha- 
 man. 
 
 18 For because of the 
 work which he had done, 
 and because of the letter 
 which he had written, to 
 destroy the people of Mor- 
 decai and tsther, I have 
 commanded him to be 
 hanged, and all his family, 
 upon a tree before the gate 
 of the city of Shusan ; for 
 God hath returned his re- 
 ward upon his own head 
 for the punishment of his 
 wickedness. 
 
 19 Now this command 
 which I iiave given you by 
 this letter, ye are ordered 
 to declare and publish in 
 all the provinces of my 
 kingdom ; that I have 
 granted free liberty to the 
 Jews to do and perform all 
 the commandments and 
 laws of the livini^ God, who 
 is called the Ciod of Israel; 
 and not one shall perish by 
 their hand. 
 
 'oipb D"is n'3^*:n pjn 
 nonn h czji irxoipS 
 
 imN mSrb rm "iriDNi 
 
 -ij^K nxrn mvon hia 
 nNrn m:i'N3 nil ^r\r\^ 
 
 GDIS'? OHK uD'a'inD 
 
 ''nb mtt'-i 'nnijy 'noSa 
 
 ♦n ^iN nmni n-va Sd 
 
 : DTa nna' nnx 
 
 Text after the Greek. 
 
 16 And that they be 
 children of the most high 
 and most mighty living 
 God, who hath ordered the 
 kingdom both unto us and 
 to our progenitors in the 
 most excellent manner. 
 
 17 Wherefore ye shall 
 do well not to put in exe- 
 cution the letters sent unto 
 you by Aman the son of 
 Amadatha. 
 
 18 For lie, that was the 
 worker of these things, is 
 hanged at the gates of 
 Susa with all his family: 
 God, who ruleth all things, 
 speedily rendering venge- 
 ance to him according to 
 his deserts. 
 
 19 Therefore ye shall 
 publish the copy of this 
 letter in all places, that the 
 Jews may freely live after 
 their own laws.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 69 
 
 TiMt after the Hebrew. 
 
 20 And if there shall 
 come vain and lewd men 
 to do ihem violence, and 
 to slay them by the decree 
 of wicked Haman, upon 
 the thirteeiuh day of the 
 twelfth month, the same is 
 the month Adar ; then arc 
 ye bound to guard and 
 rescue them from their ene- 
 mies, and to give them the 
 laws of avengement of their 
 enemies. 
 
 21 For that same day 
 hath Almighty God made 
 ft day of joy and gladness ; 
 for upon the said day Ha- 
 inan's pur[)Ose was to have 
 plucked up by tiie roots 
 the chosen people, but it 
 ^^■as turned upon himself. 
 
 22 Wherefore ye are 
 bounden to keep the four- 
 teenth day of the twelfth 
 month a festival that is 
 called Purim : 
 
 23 And this feast day 
 shall be among all your 
 festivals with joy and glad- 
 ness, that God may do good 
 unto us and to all the prin- 
 ces by inclining the Per- 
 sians to confidence in them, 
 and that this day may be 
 an example to shew unto 
 all posterity how the Lord 
 God giveth punishment to 
 the rebellious. 
 
 icn nvifn an\s Tr\Th^ 
 "i:t'y TWi^^yif Dv hv yin 
 
 urb r\m if\Tyr\ Dvn 'd 
 'trn^ T\'7y -iDrjn ornn ^:) 
 "iDnjbaNn'^iJDDyti'mt:^ 
 
 ^■^rb^ Dti'nc' TN dViv 
 
 Tm7 o/Vur the Greek. 
 
 20 And ye shall aid them, 
 that even the same day, 
 being the thirteenth day of 
 the twelfth month Adar, 
 they may be avenged on 
 them, who in the time of 
 their affliction shall set up- 
 on them. 
 
 21 For Almiglity God 
 hath turned to joy unto 
 them the day, wherein the 
 chosen people should have 
 perished. 
 
 22 Ye shall therefore 
 among your solemn feasts 
 keep it an high day with 
 all feasting : 
 
 23 That both now and 
 hereafter there may be 
 safety to us, and the well- 
 affected Persians; but to 
 those which do conspire 
 against us a memorial of 
 destruction.
 
 70 
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 24 And every province 
 or city which shall trans- 
 gress my command, and 
 that will not obey tlie de- 
 cree of this letter, shall be 
 destroyed by sword and by 
 fire, and be made desolate ; 
 so that neither man, nor 
 beast, nor fowls may dwell 
 there for ever. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 In the second year of tlic 
 great king Artaxer.xes, in 
 the first dai/ of the month 
 Nisan, one dreamed a 
 dream, wlio was a Jew, the 
 son of J air, the son of 
 Semei, the son of Kish, of 
 the tribe of Benjamin. 
 
 2 He was a stranger in 
 the city of Shusan, an ho- 
 nourable man, and renown- 
 ed in the court of the 
 palace. 
 
 3 And he was of tiic 
 captivity which Nebuchad- 
 nezzar the king of Babylon 
 carried captive from Jeru- 
 salem with the king Je- 
 choniah, king of Judah. 
 And tlris was his dream : 
 
 4 That he heard a noise 
 of crying come up, and a 
 rumour of thunderings and 
 earthquakes ; 
 
 5 And, behold, two great 
 dragons went one against 
 the oilier to fight. 
 
 tyxm a"inn Tsty' nNrn 
 
 nn' hy^ nt:t:tf nvn'-? 
 w n'n IN DIN \:hr>h du' 
 
 'N">a o'ViNVU-N br\:T\ 
 
 : inN Qi'?n 
 TN» fn n\T n'T^ -iltn 
 
 ^JN in:y Ti'n n.in pa':^ 
 
 ntr'N n'^ijn p hm Nim 
 in»j3' iSon Dy D''7tnn',t: 
 
 ^ip n'?y::' tn hn"'.::' 
 .' -pNn p nnm 
 
 : Din'?'? 
 
 Tej-< o/?*r t;,e Greek. 
 
 24 Therefore every city 
 and countr}' whatsoever, 
 wiiich shall not do accord- 
 ing to these things, shall 
 be destroyed without mercy 
 with fire and sword, and 
 shall be made not only un- 
 passable for men, but also 
 most hateful to wild beasts 
 and fowls for ever. 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 
 J N the second jear of the 
 reign of Artaxerxes the 
 great, in the first day of 
 the month iS'ison, Mardo- 
 cheus the son of Jairus, the 
 son of Semei, the son of 
 Cisai, of the tribe of Ben- 
 jamin, had a dream ; 
 
 3 Who was a Jew, and 
 dwelt in the city of Susa, 
 a great man, being a ser- 
 vitor in the king's court. 
 
 4 He was also one of the 
 captives, which Nabuchod- 
 onosor the king of Babylon 
 carried from Jerusalem with 
 Jechonias king of Judca; 
 and this was his drairn: 
 
 5 Behold a noise of a 
 tumult, with thunder, and 
 carilupi.Tkcs, and uproar in 
 the land : 
 
 (i And, behold, two great 
 ilra^ons came forth ready 
 to tii;ht, and their cry wa» 
 great.
 
 MEGILLATH AHASUERUS. 
 
 7T 
 
 Text aJXer the Hebrew. 
 
 6 And the noise increased 
 more and more, insomuch 
 that all the heathen came 
 from all countries to make 
 war against the holy peo- 
 ple. 
 
 7 And it was da)', and, 
 behold, there came a great 
 darkness and gloominess, 
 and tribulation, and terror, 
 and dismay, and dread 
 mingled with the darkness; 
 and there was a voice of 
 mourning and woe, and 
 fearfulness upon the earth. 
 
 8. 9 And the holy people 
 were distressed, and per- 
 plexed, and vexed, and were 
 in great fear by reason of 
 the evil of their destinies, 
 and despaired of their lives. 
 
 10 Then they cried unto 
 God, tmd upon their cry 
 there flowed from a little 
 fountain a gieat flood of 
 water. 
 
 1 1 And the sun arose 
 upon the earth to give 
 light, and, behold, thire 
 was a great light ; and tin 
 bumble got the victory 
 over the proud, and slew 
 them. 
 
 "^njii -bin n'n ^pm 
 
 r\^Th'2 miyyV nv>nKn 
 
 mvm nnvi nb'S.vi b-n^ 
 
 ^'hh'2r\'2 nnai nS-ini 
 
 'n: bip nni y?^n7^, "Tina 
 
 : nanNH bs n"nm nKi 
 
 nyyn in t:'Tipn dj^i 
 '♦nil Dn'Vr^ yn V^si^a 
 
 c:»o b^'2l2 iSJi'J npvifn 
 
 ^n:i "TIN' n'n n:m n^Nn"? 
 mNJ'bnbj?D"rninyT'i 
 
 7V^< q/Jer the Greek. 
 
 7 And at their cry all 
 nations were prepared to 
 battle, that they might fight 
 against the righteous peo- 
 ple. 
 
 8 And lo a day of dark- 
 ness and obscurity, tribu- 
 lation and anguish, afflic- 
 tion and great uproar, upoa 
 earth. 
 
 9 And the whole right- 
 eous nation was troubled, 
 fearing their own evils, and 
 were ready to perish. 
 
 10 Then they cried unto 
 God, and upon their cry,, 
 as it were from a little 
 fountain, was made a great 
 flood, even much water.. 
 
 1 1 The light and the sun 
 rose up, and the lowly were 
 exalted, and devoured the 
 glorious.
 
 73 
 
 MROILLATH AHASUKRUS. 
 
 Tert a/ler the Hebrew. 
 
 \1 And Mordccai awaked 
 after the dream, and con- 
 sidered in his thoiiglits, 
 What is this dream which 
 I Imvc dreamed ? and what 
 Jiath God shewed me here- 
 by ? So he kept this dream 
 in his hejirt, and his 
 thoughts dwelt continually 
 on the dream until he 
 might know what was its 
 design and intcri)retation. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 1 hi; N answered Mordccai 
 and said, God hath sent us 
 all these things. 
 
 C This day do I remem- 
 ber my dream ; for, behold, 
 this hath come to pass, 
 even as I hud dreamc<l. 
 
 3 The little fountain, 
 from which flowed a great 
 flood of water when the 
 sun arose upon the earth, 
 was the trial of Esther the 
 queen, who was taken to 
 the king to be his wife, 
 and was made queen. 
 
 4 And the two dragons 
 were I and Ilaman. 
 
 5 The first shewed me 
 concerning tlie nations 
 which assembled together 
 to destroy all the Jews. | 
 
 Di7nn ins* 'D-n*:; vpn 
 
 'ncVn i::\v nrn Dibnn 
 HD D'n'^N 'V PNnn n^i 
 
 Sy Ton s'DSn v:vni 
 
 : ijTinDi lODtyrj 
 
 n'rhii n»Nn oino ivn 
 
 Tt:D rvr^ nrn n:n 'd avn 
 
 i:2!3-iQtrjnppnns'nn 
 Ny'B>D ^nj :=:'3 ^nt: 
 noa n'n "iNn Sj? ::'!:ti'n 
 nt^N nobon nnoN* ^v 
 't^N nvnV iSan"? nnpba 
 ; n^S^ n'B'wi inii'N 
 
 ♦JN vn cn'Tjnn 'Jtrni 
 D»iJn '^y nNn2 nnsn 
 ■• omn'n 
 
 Text after the Creeh. 
 
 1'2 Now when Mardo- 
 cheus, who had seen this 
 dream, and what God had 
 determined to do, was 
 awake, lie bare this dream 
 in mind, and until night 
 by all means was desirous 
 to know it. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 J HEN Mardocheus said, 
 God hath done these things. 
 
 5 For I remember a 
 dream wliich I saw con- 
 cerning these matters, and 
 nothing thereof hath failed. 
 
 G A little fountain be- 
 came a river, and there was 
 light, and the sun, and 
 much water: this river is 
 Esther, whom the king 
 married, and made queen : 
 
 7 And the two dragons 
 arc I and Aman. 
 
 S And the nations were 
 those tiiat were assembled 
 to destroy the name of the 
 Jews :
 
 M EC 1 1, r. AT H AH A SU ER U S. 
 
 73 
 
 Text after the Hebrew. 
 
 6 And the second shewed 
 tne concerning the people 
 of IsjacI, that called u[)Oii 
 the Lord our God; and the 
 Lord saved his people, and 
 redeemed us from this evil 
 fate; 
 
 7 For he doeth wonders 
 and signs among the hea- 
 then ; for he liath ever made 
 a difl'erence between his 
 people and the heathen. 
 
 8 And when tlie hour 
 came that the heatlien had 
 filled up their measure of 
 pride, and we were full of 
 contempt and reproach ; 
 tiien the Lord our God 
 came to execute judgment. 
 
 9 Then remembered he 
 his people, and gave vic- 
 tory to his inheritance. 
 
 10 Now these days that 
 are called Purim, all the 
 Jews are bound to keep and 
 perform every year in the 
 month Adar, on the four- 
 teenth and fifteenth dai/ 
 thereof, the same are days 
 of feasting and rejoicing, 
 and a festival in the syn- 
 agogues of the people ; and 
 it shall not cease for ever 
 from the people of Israel. 
 
 'Hn"? \snp -i::\s "rsn::*' 
 nNJ jTK'in 'JiKm irnSs 
 
 ^r*_^n3 iimx ^NjT lay 
 ; ntn ^"^■n 
 
 D'DJi tcbs niyiy Kin 'd 
 Snnn Kin "in onjn iinn 
 
 Dn:inty 7\wr\ n^nK^iji 
 irn i:ki msM dwV^ vn 
 
 Dstro r\wvh Kn ithSk 
 
 ;nji ion Ton "r^rn 'tk 
 
 Dmn'n Sd D'n'no oms 
 n:tr '?Dn mtr'ySi :=)'pS 
 
 K'^iDynnvD'JDnaiDDvi 
 .' bN"itt" Dyn^ DbiyS ^iid' 
 
 7Vj:/ n/Zo- the Greek. 
 
 And my nation is this 
 Israel, which cried to God, 
 antl were saved : for the 
 Lord hath saved his people, 
 and the Lord hath delivered 
 us from all those evils, and 
 God hath wrought signs 
 and great wonders, which 
 have not been done among 
 the Gentiles. 
 
 10 Therefore hath he 
 made two lots, one for the 
 pcoj)le of God, and another 
 for all the Gentiles, 
 
 1 1 And these two lots 
 came at the hour, and time, 
 and day of judgment, be- 
 fore God anions all nation.s. 
 
 12 So God remembered 
 his peo|)le, and justified his 
 iidieritance. 
 
 13 Therefore those days 
 shall be unto them in the 
 month Adar, the fourteenth 
 and fit'teenth day of the 
 same month, with an as- 
 sembly, and joy, and with 
 gladness before God, ac- 
 cording to the generations 
 for ever among his people.
 
 'JJUONVSOl^^ 
 
 v/SUAI 
 
 'yAavaaiiJ^' 
 
 'Jiu: 
 
 Si i»5 
 
 
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